[{"audio_id": "a0gPW9IpP-M", "text": {"a0gPW9IpP-M-00000-00000002-00000440": "So this is my Octo-Alert box project. I made it for my son", "a0gPW9IpP-M-00001-00000440-00000704": "for his birthday", "a0gPW9IpP-M-00002-00000704-00001120": "It's all about the Octonauts", "a0gPW9IpP-M-00003-00001120-00001405": "It's a cartoon", "a0gPW9IpP-M-00004-00001405-00001814": "The idea is to reproduce something which is in this cartoon :", "a0gPW9IpP-M-00005-00001814-00002216": "the alert button used by Captain Barnacles", "a0gPW9IpP-M-00006-00002216-00002510": "to trig the alarm when bad things happen in the", "a0gPW9IpP-M-00007-00002510-00002638": "undersea base", "a0gPW9IpP-M-00008-00002638-00003021": "You switch it on with a little switch on the back", "a0gPW9IpP-M-00009-00003021-00003396": "I put a plug for an external power supply", "a0gPW9IpP-M-00010-00003396-00003570": "When you switch it on", "a0gPW9IpP-M-00011-00003570-00003961": "the big button on the top lights up", "a0gPW9IpP-M-00012-00003961-00004253": "with the cartoon's symbol", "a0gPW9IpP-M-00013-00004253-00004562": "and the front button lights up too", "a0gPW9IpP-M-00014-00004562-00004849": "About the features, it's pretty simple. Here is the Octo-Alert", "a0gPW9IpP-M-00015-00004849-00005358": "When you push it, the color changes like in the cartoon", "a0gPW9IpP-M-00016-00005358-00005575": "Then, you have 4 little buttons", "a0gPW9IpP-M-00017-00005575-00006109": "They successively trig some sentences", "a0gPW9IpP-M-00018-00006109-00006404": "of each character", "a0gPW9IpP-M-00019-00006404-00006602": "Captain Barnacles", "a0gPW9IpP-M-00020-00006602-00007206": "Peso", "a0gPW9IpP-M-00021-00007206-00007503": "There are multiple sentences for each character. On the front, I made", "a0gPW9IpP-M-00022-00007503-00007656": "a little countdown", "a0gPW9IpP-M-00023-00007656-00008084": "which can be triggered when you want to", "a0gPW9IpP-M-00024-00008084-00008309": "start a race", "a0gPW9IpP-M-00025-00008309-00008655": "So when my son push this button, it starts a countdown with sounds from MarioKart game.", "a0gPW9IpP-M-00026-00008655-00009005": "Ok it's not in the same theme but it's not a big deal", "a0gPW9IpP-M-00027-00009816-00010460": "As soon as you push a button, it stops the current sound and starts the new one", "a0gPW9IpP-M-00028-00010460-00010878": "It's a little and simple project using Adafruit's NeoPixel rings", "a0gPW9IpP-M-00029-00010879-00011203": "and a NeoPixel through-hole in the middle", "a0gPW9IpP-M-00030-00011203-00011671": "Some little chinese red buttons. The front button uses", "a0gPW9IpP-M-00031-00011671-00011853": "a simple white LED", "a0gPW9IpP-M-00032-00011853-00012199": "I used some big LEDs for the countdown", "a0gPW9IpP-M-00033-00012199-00012376": "and on both sides", "a0gPW9IpP-M-00034-00012376-00012730": "a little metal grid to", "a0gPW9IpP-M-00035-00012730-00013049": "hide the speakers", "a0gPW9IpP-M-00036-00013049-00013317": "I used", "a0gPW9IpP-M-00037-00013317-00013714": "the MP3 shield from Adafruit", "a0gPW9IpP-M-00038-00013714-00013913": "which gives the possibility", "a0gPW9IpP-M-00039-00013913-00014172": "to manage sound from the Arduino", "a0gPW9IpP-M-00040-00014172-00014480": "I used an Arduino Mega because I need many", "a0gPW9IpP-M-00041-00014480-00014697": "input/output pins for buttons", "a0gPW9IpP-M-00042-00014697-00014758": "and LEDs", "a0gPW9IpP-M-00043-00014834-00014960": "That's it !"}}, {"audio_id": "a0z4OMZ7Yjk", "text": {"a0z4OMZ7Yjk-00000-00000000-00000200": "RTX 3090 Ti | Assassin's Creed Origins | i9 10900K"}}, {"audio_id": "a0zxAcab9Nu", "text": {"a0zxAcab9Nu-00000-00001368-00001912": "Hello. Welcome to episode two of the podcast we’re calling Sustainable Development Goals,", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00001-00001912-00002360": "evaluating progress for a brighter future. I’m Dirk Hoffman from Deval – the German", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00002-00002360-00002984": "Institute for Development evaluation, and our new host.", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00003-00003400-00003815": "In episode one of the series, we heard how important it was to consider the effect of", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00004-00003815-00004352": "climate risks in the evaluation of strategies and programmes designed to make progress", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00005-00004352-00004952": "towards the sustainable development goals. That’s certainly critical. But how are these evaluations", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00006-00004952-00005480": "done? What are the best methods? And what are the potential stumbling blocks and challenges?", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00007-00005552-00006168": "Why have so few SDG evaluations been done up to now? That’s what we’ll consider in this episode,", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00008-00006168-00006616": "because we know these evaluations are complex. Only some countries have done", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00009-00006616-00007008": "them and in the process have learned lessons that can be shared with others.", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00010-00007104-00007808": "For starters, we’ll think about how to define the scope and the focus of the evaluation.", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00011-00007808-00008520": "Sometimes a major challenge. We’ll hear about the first ever national evaluation of SDGs carried", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00012-00008520-00009224": "about by Finland in 2018 and 2019, where Finland took the bold decision to look at the whole set", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00013-00009224-00009960": "of all 17 SDGs together. And we’ll also hear from Costa Rica that delivered an evaluation report at", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00014-00009960-00010624": "the end of 2020 that had been two years in the making. And I’m glad to say that the lessons it", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00015-00010624-00011264": "learned have been captured in a parallel process that was carried out along with the evaluation", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00016-00011264-00012000": "itself. We’ll hear more about that shortly. So let’s get started. And that means I’m first going", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00017-00012000-00012656": "to ask my three guests to introduce themselves. Good day everyone. My name is Carolina Zuniga", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00018-00012656-00013200": "and I work for the Ministry of Planning of Costa Rica, which is the steering institution", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00019-00013200-00013632": "regarding evaluation for the public administration. Specifically,", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00020-00013632-00014304": "I work in the evaluation unit. And, well, it's my pleasure to be here and be able to share our work.", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00021-00014376-00015191": "Hello, my name is Satu Lahteenoja and I'm a senior expert on sustainable development in", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00022-00015191-00016176": "an independent think tank called Demos Helsinki in Finland and I was leading the, the first national", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00023-00016176-00017168": "SDG policy evaluation in Finland. So in my work and research I am looking for different ways to", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00024-00017168-00018016": "accelerate sustainability transformations and I see evaluation as one of the ways to do that.", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00025-00018088-00018744": "Hello, how are you? My name is Gonzalo Hernandez Licona, I'm from Mexico and I'm the director of", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00026-00018744-00019360": "the Multidimensional Poverty Network and I'm also working with the Global Evaluation Initiative,", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00027-00019448-00020192": "Unicef, IDB and all those in terms of evaluation. I've done evaluation for the past 25 years so I'm", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00028-00020192-00020744": "very excited to be here. Thank you very much. Well thank you for those introductions. Let's", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00029-00020744-00021256": "start with the basics: definition of SDG evaluation. Perhaps we shall be clear", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00030-00021256-00021712": "what we mean when we say ‘an evaluation of the Sustainable Development Goals’", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00031-00021712-00022272": "or when we talk about ‘country-led’ evaluations. Gonzalo would you like to start us off?", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00032-00022272-00022720": "OK, thank you Dirk. I believe that the first thing we need to remember is that,", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00033-00022824-00023424": "is what the SDGs are about. They are not only about a collection of goals", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00034-00023512-00024032": "to advance on them separately. The SDGs have principles. For instance,", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00035-00024032-00024640": "integration and coherence or leave no one behind. So, for instance in integration,", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00036-00024640-00025168": "what we mean on the SDGs is we have to advance on, on the objectives and the targets together,", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00037-00025232-00025720": "right? So there the SDGs emphasises the interlinkages between goals and targets.", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00038-00025800-00026624": "Sometimes the trade-offs between the dimensions. So, it is important that an evaluation of SDGs", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00039-00026704-00027464": "should follow those, those principles. And for instance, to address objectives at the same time,", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00040-00027464-00028176": "so give an example: even in a family we need to move together with education, health and nutrition", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00041-00028176-00028736": "otherwise a child cannot go to school if those three elements are not addressed at the same time.", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00042-00028736-00029439": "It means that we need to evaluate in that case that the family is moving on those", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00043-00029439-00029904": "objectives together. The same is happening in the evaluation of SDGs - we need to move", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00044-00029960-00030568": "forward but taking into account the advances in all of them at the same, at the same time.", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00045-00030680-00031712": "OK. Now how many SDGs does it take to make for an SDG evaluation. Do we have to look at all 17 SDGs", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00046-00031776-00032072": "or is it it enough to just look at a single SDG?", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00047-00032160-00032552": "What is the experience of Costa Rica? Well that’s a tough question,", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00048-00032672-00033344": "especially for us because I don't specifically think that I have an answer for that, because", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00049-00033456-00034128": "I don't think there's a magic number. We have this conversation in our institution, especially in our", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00050-00034128-00034880": "evaluation team when we were talking about the next national evaluation agenda. And we came to", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00051-00034880-00035496": "the conclusion that it’s necessary for us to identify what is specifically the information", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00052-00035496-00036184": "that we need. And well in that case, it's not about how many SDGs we're going to evaluate, it’s", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00053-00036184-00036776": "more about what else we need to know regarding the process of the sustainable development.", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00054-00036856-00037720": "And in our case, we haven't performed like a specific SDG evaluation like Nigeria did", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00055-00037720-00038456": "or like Finland did. But we do perform country-led evaluation with an SDG component", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00056-00038520-00039384": "and we include this component in every evaluation since 2019. And for us, it's very important to", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00057-00039384-00040200": "identify what is it specifically that we need to know and then evaluating that specific component.", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00058-00040200-00041048": "In this case, we're talking about the biodiversity and climate change evaluation, which is one of the", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00059-00041048-00041688": "evaluation inside our national evaluation agenda, with a broad analysis of the SDGs.", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00060-00041688-00042536": "So I don't think there's any specific number and I completely agree with what Gonzalo just said:", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00061-00042536-00043256": "it’s more important to identify how, are we going forward in the sustainable development?", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00062-00043336-00043888": "Thinking about what you just said, how does evaluation relate to the SDG", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00063-00043888-00044648": "policy cycle? Gonzalo, what would be your take? So, let me go back a bit of what Carolina said", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00064-00044760-00045712": "rightly, I mean there's no magic number about how many goals should we take into account to name it", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00065-00045712-00046424": "an SDG evaluation. I think as long as it reflects that we are evaluating systems, and as long as we", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00066-00046424-00047160": "include in this the policy cycle, right? Which means we have to understand that our evaluations", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00067-00047160-00047832": "should improve what we do. So, and as long as we include some of the principles like integration,", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00068-00047912-00048616": "leave no one behind, resilience, universality, right? So for instance, if we want to, to evaluate", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00069-00048616-00049272": "the No Hunger, SDG number two objective. So we need to assess the various elements that", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00070-00049272-00049992": "take us to have zero hunger. We need to assess the food production, waste, consumption partners,", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00071-00049992-00050680": "nutrition markets, green solutions to the food processes. So we have to evaluate the policy", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00072-00050680-00051440": "of zero hunger instead of one single programme, and taking into account that we need to put it in", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00073-00051440-00052128": "the cycle of the policy in the government, meaning that many actors should improve,", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00074-00052279-00052720": "according to the evaluation that we are producing. That sounds very complex,", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00075-00052720-00053384": "taking into account the policy and all the actors involved. If we just think about one SDG,", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00076-00053440-00054167": "Finland has opted to look at all 17 SDGs at the same time. How did you tackle this challenge of", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00077-00054167-00054784": "having 17 SDGs to look at, so many sectors to look at and, and all the different stakeholders?", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00078-00054872-00055791": "Yes, in Finland we really did look at all 17 SDGs because we wanted to have a comprehensive", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00079-00055791-00056655": "evaluation. So having an overview of where the country is and then it didn't make sense to leave", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00080-00056655-00057744": "something out. However, we didn't look at all 17 SDGs with the same depth. And I think one of the", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00081-00057848-00058848": "key challenge for our evaluation in Finland was like how to cover the sort of key substance issues", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00082-00058904-00059832": "in reasonable depth with restricted resources, and I think this is one of the general concern", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00083-00059832-00060767": "in sustainability evaluations when the topics are often very broad. In our case, the solution", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00084-00060855-00061936": "was to find the top five sort of most burning sustainability concerns by indicator analyses,", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00085-00062016-00062760": "surveys, expert interviews. We then found that competence and societal stability", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00086-00062832-00063567": "were sort of, one of the strengths of the country and then there were many, like, systemic", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00087-00063736-00064904": "needs for improvement, including energy system, use of forests and and the global footprint of our", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00088-00064904-00065391": "consumption, as examples. OK, so you clearly went for", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00089-00065391-00066064": "a prioritisation of the SDGs and looked at which ones are most relevant to the country.", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00090-00066120-00066832": "We've just heard Gonzalo talk about the SDG Agenda 2030 principles,", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00091-00066992-00067512": "that they are important. Like he mentioned coherence, equity, participation,", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00092-00067512-00068208": "leave no one behind. How did Finland cater to the principles underlying the 2030 Agenda? Or did you", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00093-00068208-00069096": "just... or did you basically look at the targets and the interactions within the 17 SDGs?", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00094-00069216-00070248": "I think it's very reasonable to evaluate the policy against its principles and priorities.", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00095-00070328-00071280": "And I think this - the 2030 Agenda principles - can also work well as an evaluation criteria.", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00096-00071280-00072120": "In the case of Finland, we use the focus areas and policy principles of Finland", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00097-00072184-00072936": "as the criteria as Finland had defined, sort of, own sustainable development policy", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00098-00072936-00073728": "principles. And those have, of course, a lot common with the 2030 Agenda principles.", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00099-00073800-00074616": "So they include like long-term action and transformation, then policy coherence and", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00100-00074616-00075248": "global partnership. And thirdly, commitment and participation. So", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00101-00075248-00076144": "in our evaluation we used those as criteria, asking basically are the policies coherent?", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00102-00076144-00077024": "Is our sustainable development policy creating long-term transformation? And so on. Of course,", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00103-00077024-00079008": "super, super big questions in one evaluation. It is always difficult to tackle SDG evaluation", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00104-00079008-00079984": "because it's such a broad topic. It seems so broad. Let me move into the next set of questions", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00105-00080096-00080672": "looking at what is the value of doing an SDG evaluation and you've already talked a little bit", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00106-00080672-00081320": "about it, Satu. Within the UN Economic and Social Council, the EcoSoc, a reporting mechanism has", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00107-00081320-00081936": "been set up for the SDGs. Know that each country is asked to report on the state of implementation", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00108-00081936-00082664": "of the 2030 Agenda in what is called the national voluntary reviews - or VNRs for short.", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00109-00082664-00083512": "Gonzalo, about the importance of doing SDG evaluations what can you tell us in relation to", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00110-00083640-00084576": "the VNRs? I mean how is evaluation coming into the exercise of doing voluntary national reviews?", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00111-00084576-00085336": "Oh, OK, so we just mentioned a little bit of that before that it is important to evaluate the forest", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00112-00085336-00085936": "and not only the tree or the leaf - we have to see the whole picture. I mean development is complex,", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00113-00085992-00086800": "Dirk. If development was only about cash transfer programmes then development would have been easy.", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00114-00086856-00087448": "But development is about incentives to grow and to innovate, it’s about balance of power between", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00115-00087448-00088112": "agents. It's about addressing various dimensions. And therefore, while we, I believe we need to do,", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00116-00088232-00089072": "when we write and we produce VNRs – voluntary national reports - is that of course we make", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00117-00089072-00089544": "accountable of what we're doing in the country. We describe what is happening", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00118-00089544-00090144": "in the country in terms of SDGs. But we also have to be critical about what we're doing, right? Is,", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00119-00090216-00090792": "it may be common that VNRs look very, very nice [laughs] because sometimes the countries put that,", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00120-00090792-00091616": "that everything is wonderful. And therefore we in a very, in a true VNR, we should put our advances,", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00121-00091616-00091944": "the full picture of the development that we are facing in the country,", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00122-00091944-00092416": "as well as the challenges so we all could learn and we all could, could move forward", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00123-00092416-00092912": "with the advances and challenges. Let, let me ask the same question", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00124-00092912-00093696": "to you, Carolina, for the evaluation that you did in Costa Rica. Why do we need evaluation when we", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00125-00093696-00094376": "have already voluntary national reports and Costa Rica has filed voluntary national reports already?", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00126-00094448-00095104": "What about the relation of the VNR with, with the evaluation of SDGs from your point of view?", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00127-00095104-00095704": "Well, in our case, we see it more like a process because for sure, evaluation is an", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00128-00095704-00096784": "input for the VNRs. And the VNRs are not only for accountability, but to ask ourself if, are we on", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00129-00096784-00097432": "the right path? What else is needed to achieve our commitments? And for example, in our case,", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00130-00097432-00098216": "we have been identifying as part of the several evaluation findings that programmes and projects,", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00131-00098216-00098888": "strategies, they all need to design considering the SDGs because otherwise it will be hard in", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00132-00098888-00099608": "the future to achieve them. And overall we see an opportunity because the VNR becomes", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00133-00099608-00100352": "another input also to identify priorities in evaluation. In our case, we are at the door of a", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00134-00100352-00101088": "new government. This means a new evaluation agenda and we have to ponder what needs to be evaluated.", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00135-00101248-00101968": "Is it a specific SDG? Is it a complete - as Satu said before - like a complete", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00136-00102032-00102783": "policy regarding a specific SDG? We don't know but we need to identify what is most important for us.", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00137-00102848-00103535": "And that is information that the VNR can definitely give us. So we see it as a cycle:", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00138-00103535-00104144": "evaluation is an input but also is the voluntary national reports.", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00139-00104240-00104583": "That, that seems to me very interesting that the movement goes", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00140-00104583-00105448": "both ways. Evaluation ideally informing the VNRs and the VNRs informing SDG evaluation.", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00141-00105583-00106104": "Would you agree on that or how does that work in practice, Satu?", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00142-00106104-00106880": "Yes I very much agree with the others and that's how it, it goes also", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00143-00106976-00107959": "in Finland. And what sort of, what inspires me is that with the help of an evaluation", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00144-00108096-00108816": "we can really have an overview of where we are in terms of SDG implementation and then", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00145-00108816-00109728": "understand that, where the challenges are, and then based on that and that is often not done in a", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00146-00109848-00110935": "VNR, is to develop then recommendations on how do we then come closer to reaching the goals.", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00147-00111032-00111904": "And to get there, in my opinion, that evaluation should be at the same time out of participatory", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00148-00112032-00113016": "developmental and future oriented. Or at least all of those were needed in the Finnish case and there", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00149-00113016-00113935": "of course, VNR is one important tool in there. Dirk, can I add something else?", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00150-00113935-00114192": "Sure, go ahead. You know I think taking the", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00151-00114192-00114904": "examples of Finland and Costa and Costa Rica for the VNRs is very important because they include", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00152-00114904-00115504": "evaluation processes in the VNRs. They include challenges in the VNRs. And I think that's very", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00153-00115504-00116032": "important because, as I said before, where you put a VNR, which everything, where everything is", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00154-00116032-00116520": "really beautiful in the country, it is not the way we have to do it, you know what I mean?", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00155-00116520-00117000": "So example of these countries are very important. OK, I think that is an excellent point.", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00156-00117000-00117711": "Thanks for signing this to us. We've heard a lot about the benefits of doing an SDG evaluation.", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00157-00117711-00118448": "So what strikes me a little bit is the discrepancy with the very few evaluations on SDGs that have", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00158-00118448-00119192": "actually been done. We're now already seven years into the 2030 Agenda so what seems to", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00159-00119192-00119752": "be the major difficulty? Is it finding the right start that is like a major hurdle?", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00160-00119840-00120392": "Would you agree on that, Gonzalo? Well, I believe because as I said", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00161-00120392-00120880": "development is complex. The agenda is comprehensive and therefore complex.", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00162-00120992-00121711": "We were used, or used, to evaluate single projects or single programmes, so from going to evaluating", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00163-00121711-00122359": "a single programme to evaluating a whole full agenda - that's, that's tough. But I believe that,", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00164-00122488-00123432": "that countries we should carry on in trying to do this with simple questions where, for instance:", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00165-00123511-00124048": "how did the concept of development change in the country as a result of the agenda?", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00166-00124048-00124648": "What happened in the country when this SDG arrived? What was the change in terms of", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00167-00124648-00125159": "development in the development strategy? What is the sustainable development theory of change", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00168-00125159-00125680": "in your country? Does the country have a solid data generation process and institutions?", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00169-00125735-00126183": "And a very important question that I believe is - I mean it's a tough one but", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00170-00126240-00126928": "we have to address it - is how are the national priorities made compatible with the", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00171-00126928-00127304": "2030 agenda? And I think there's a key, as a very key element,", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00172-00127304-00128216": "how we, how the countries combining the priorities that that already the country have with a new SDG", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00173-00128352-00129240": "agenda. I think addressing that question with clarity, it’s a good start for instance.", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00174-00129240-00129983": "So, aligning national priorities to the SDG Agenda you tell us that is the most important", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00175-00129983-00130632": "thing we have to focus on? Carolina, taking your experience with the evaluation in Costa Rica", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00176-00130632-00131168": "does that ring true? I mean you've actually done an evaluation. How did you get started?", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00177-00131168-00131752": "Yeah, definitely. For us it was exactly like that [laughs]. Because we were the first country in", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00178-00131752-00132456": "the world, right, to reaffirm a high level collective commitment to achieve the SDGs.", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00179-00132456-00133536": "And for us this meant put the 2030 Agenda as a country priority. And however we include this", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00180-00133536-00134376": "specific topic into evaluations until 2018. Of course there was a lot of management to do", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00181-00134376-00135064": "between the identifying of how to measure the indicators, where to get the information,", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00182-00135144-00135760": "setting governments - governance, sorry. But for a moment I think that we forgot about", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00183-00135824-00136280": "evaluation and the SDGs and I think it's just like, like Gonzalo just said,", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00184-00136280-00136928": "it's how we combine the priorities of the country with the international commitments.", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00185-00137000-00137840": "And we decide the evaluation, with the biggest component regarding the SDGs was going to be", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00186-00137840-00138408": "probably the most complex evaluation inside our national evaluation agenda. So it's not", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00187-00138408-00139040": "easy for sure. It's not easy, but it is about make it happen. It is about what is important.", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00188-00139096-00139312": "Yeah, this is to me a very important point.", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00189-00139440-00139872": "You have to get started. You can't wait for everything to fall in place", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00190-00139872-00140504": "and then move ahead. You, you have to identify national priorities. You have to take decisions", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00191-00140504-00141584": "and as Satu earlier explained, expert interviews, etc, involving stakeholders and then moving ahead.", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00192-00142256-00142744": "I would like to ask in the concrete case of Finland because we have the country experience,", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00193-00142856-00143344": "Satu. Can you give us an, as an example, how did you go about", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00194-00143344-00144152": "defining scope and focus of the evaluations? In our Finnish case the focus and scope of the", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00195-00144152-00144944": "evaluation was quite broad and it was defined in the, in terms of reference.", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00196-00145024-00145784": "And that already then included also the, the evaluation questions. However, we then", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00197-00145912-00146584": "shaped those together with the evaluation team and with the steering committee when we", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00198-00146704-00147400": "started to work. And if I like very briefly reflect on the choices we did,", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00199-00147504-00148488": "I think this concentrating on these like certain sustainability issues instead of trying to cover", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00200-00148488-00149848": "all in equal depth was a good choice. But then, however, in addition to detecting on problems", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00201-00149848-00150544": "I think we could have given more attention also to strengths and, and in particular like", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00202-00150600-00151416": "teams and questions in which, like a clear sustainability contribution could be made", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00203-00151416-00152544": "also globally. So, so by asking, like, what is the global sustainability handprint of your country", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00204-00152544-00153456": "and our, or what it could be, that your country contributes to the to the global sustainability?", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00205-00153456-00154120": "Ok, I think that is an aspect that is maybe not the case with each and every SDG evaluation,", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00206-00154120-00154872": "putting the country in a global context. You know, usually from what I've seen it works the", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00207-00154872-00155588": "other way around, that global context is the SDGs and that is put into a national context. So that's", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00208-00155640-00156216": "interesting your perspective that you're giving us. Something else that we've been talking about", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00209-00156216-00156776": "a little bit already mentioning here and there but I think deserves a little bit more attention is", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00210-00156872-00157880": "the participatory process that an SDG evaluation might be, or should be. How do we go about", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00211-00157880-00158824": "designing a participatory process? How far was it, the evaluation participatory in Finland?", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00212-00158824-00159392": "Yes, as we all know these participatory processes, they tend to take a lot of time.", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00213-00159480-00160264": "But I would say it is really crucial. So in them, in the Finnish case we had like several groups", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00214-00160368-00161008": "we wanted to involve into evaluation. We had a steering group with", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00215-00161008-00161680": "representatives from the ministries and then we had, like a support group", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00216-00161680-00162664": "with like 20 experts from different fields: sustainability, evaluation experts, civil society.", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00217-00162744-00163488": "Then we had international experts and this was very, very relevant and useful.", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00218-00163568-00164472": "And then we had like a large and open sustainable development stakeholder community. And then of", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00219-00164472-00165144": "course the Finnish parliament, especially they're the Committee of the Future. So,", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00220-00165144-00165984": "what we did was actually quite a lot of interviews, workshops, different discussion events", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00221-00166088-00166872": "and one thing that worked really well was that we co-designed the recommendations", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00222-00166936-00167984": "together with about 40 stakeholders and this was a way to really engage and also empower", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00223-00167984-00168984": "them. So, when the evaluation report was published there were actually no surprises for this group", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00224-00168984-00169864": "of people anymore and they were then also highly engaged to disseminate and work further", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00225-00169960-00170584": "with the recommendations. OK, this is a very valuable point which", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00226-00170584-00171312": "probably holds true for evaluations in general involving stakeholders", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00227-00171312-00171920": "in the whole process in the design and as you just said in the formulation of the recommendations.", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00228-00171984-00172624": "Gonzalo, from a more theoretical point of view would you see any specific challenges", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00229-00172624-00173384": "for participation when design an evaluation of the SDGs as compared to a regular evaluation?", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00230-00173440-00174056": "No. I believe that because we are trying to deal with, not only with a single programme or", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00231-00174056-00174688": "a single project evaluation, but we are dealing trying to address the full agenda. Of course,", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00232-00174688-00175136": "we need more people and we need more stakeholders and we need them to be on", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00233-00175136-00175800": "board on the evaluation and to be frank and to be, and to know that they will benefit as well", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00234-00175880-00176584": "for the evaluation. And that is not that easy, right? So I'm really impressed with what", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00235-00176696-00177416": "Nigeria, Finland, Costa Rica have been doing in terms of evaluating the SDGs because that implies", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00236-00177488-00178040": "a lot of participatory process. OK, excellent. There is another topic often", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00237-00178040-00178808": "forgotten when we talk about the design phase of an evaluation and that is communication. Should", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00238-00178808-00179408": "communication already be considered in the design phase? What is your opinion or is it better to", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00239-00179408-00180136": "first see the results, the recommendations, and on that basis define a communication strategy?", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00240-00180224-00180784": "What are your experiences in, in Finland and Costa Rica? Carolina maybe you, you go first.", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00241-00180856-00181592": "Sure. I think that you can have any specific strategy depending on the evaluation sure.", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00242-00181656-00182312": "But in our case, this is kind of standardised already because we evaluate public interventions,", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00243-00182376-00183240": "and it is our job to share the final results with anyone who's interested. So yes, in our case,", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00244-00183240-00184216": "we pretty much do at least three things for every evaluation: we first upload the final report in", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00245-00184216-00184736": "our web page. And of course that we encourage the institutions involved to do the same.", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00246-00184832-00185376": "We also organise at least three final presentation of the results of the evaluation,", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00247-00185448-00186144": "considering different target population. And at least one of those presentations", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00248-00186200-00186800": "should be like an open one to be able to invite different stakeholders,", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00249-00186984-00187696": "especially citizenship, because it's very important for us for people to know what we're", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00250-00187696-00188680": "doing and to use also the evaluation results. And we also develop different materials - this is", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00251-00188680-00189696": "different for every evaluation. But, for example, we do different videos, documents, infographics", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00252-00189696-00190272": "this kind of depends on the evaluation. But it's usually some kind of material that can be", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00253-00190272-00191080": "distributed easily. And we participate in workshops. We also attend to a specific", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00254-00191136-00192000": "request to share the results. We participate also in conferences because it is important for", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00255-00192000-00192448": "people to know that these kind of evaluations are being performed.", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00256-00192544-00193344": "In Finland did you consider communication as important in the moment when you designed the", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00257-00193344-00193960": "SDG evaluation or did that come in later? Yes I think it's very important to", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00258-00194072-00195112": "think about it in the design phase already. So first I thin timing is important.", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00259-00195304-00196224": "So, in our case, the timing of the evaluation was good as the results were published right under the", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00260-00196224-00196936": "parliamentary elections, so there was interest towards the results directly.", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00261-00196936-00197744": "Secondly what Carolina also mentioned are these visualisations and key numbers", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00262-00197744-00198744": "are very important in communication. So it's good to require them and also leave resources for that.", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00263-00198840-00199624": "And then thirdly, I think it's very important to leave time and resources for communication in", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00264-00199624-00200760": "general after the publication of the results. In Finland we then as an evaluation team", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00265-00200824-00201576": "went to discuss the results to the parliament I counted in total eight times.", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00266-00201672-00202504": "So we had five different separate discussions with different political groups and three different", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00267-00202504-00203352": "committee meetings. Even several committees together which doesn't happen that often. And we", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00268-00203352-00204264": "were then also invited to present our findings in the government negotiations and I guess our work", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00269-00204264-00205344": "had at least a small contribution to the fact that actually the government programme of the current", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00270-00205344-00206160": "government in Finland is based on sustainable development. So we are at the moment quite lucky.", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00271-00206223-00207384": "Congratulations to Finland. I think this is really a great example for others to follow along.", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00272-00207600-00208312": "We are almost coming to the end of this episode and maybe wrapping up a little bit, looking at", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00273-00208312-00208904": "the different topics. And obviously we could have delved into much, much further and this is just", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00274-00208904-00209656": "starting off discussion on those topics. But maybe instead of me giving overall conclusions which", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00275-00209656-00210336": "would be very, very difficult, I would like to do a final round briefly giving the microphone", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00276-00210336-00210871": "to each one of you for one main message to formulate a recommendation or one central thought", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00277-00210960-00211600": "for our audience. If you would start, Carolina. I would like to bring a topic that we talked", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00278-00211600-00212088": "about at the beginning and throughout the whole episode and it's about the principles", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00279-00212088-00212967": "of the 2030 Agenda. I think that Gonzalo talked to us a lot about this. But we, present times", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00280-00212967-00213512": "with corona [virus] showed us that we need to have them present at all times. Not only for", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00281-00213512-00214152": "evaluation. But for planification, for planning any kind of intervention. Also, we have to have", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00282-00214152-00214952": "them present if we want to achieve common goals as a country. During the whole policy cycles and our,", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00283-00215032-00215936": "of course in our work as evaluators we need to know how are we going forward, if we're going", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00284-00215992-00216752": "in the right way. We need to share experiences, resources, knowledge, making sure that we're going", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00285-00216752-00217216": "in the same direction, working together. I think it's important to have them present.", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00286-00217216-00217816": "Moving over to Finland. Satu, what would be your main message, main thought?", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00287-00217919-00218584": "Quite difficult to, to choose only one main message. But perhaps for", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00288-00218640-00219704": "this audience I would highly encourage you to use external experts. Meaning also your experts", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00289-00219856-00220680": "and contacts from other countries. It helped us a lot and I think raised the level also.", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00290-00220888-00221728": "So use your networks to get more perspective. Thank you very much. Last but not least", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00291-00221728-00222208": "we're moving over to Mexico – Gonzalo. Thank you, thank you, Dirk. I believe that", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00292-00222448-00223048": "having evaluations beyond single programmes and single projects is a key element for SDGs. I mean", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00293-00223048-00223864": "you have to evaluate policies, we have to address objectives. At the same time when possible we need", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00294-00223864-00224552": "to do it in a participatory way. We need to look beyond the obvious I believe. I mean for instance,", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00295-00224552-00225232": "it's very simple, it's very common that countries just link what they were doing before with SDGs", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00296-00225232-00225736": "and they say, hey, we are we are addressing STGs because everything that we used to do", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00297-00225736-00226223": "is linked. We have to address that and challenge a little bit the country and challenge a little", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00298-00226223-00226888": "bit the government saying, hey, we need something else in terms of a sustainable agenda if we", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00299-00226888-00227519": "really would like to put it forward. And the evaluation can help in understanding that. So,", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00300-00227519-00228152": "so thank you very much, Dirk, Satu and Carolina to be, I'm glad that that we're here together.", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00301-00228216-00228871": "Well thank you very much from my side to, to our three guests. To Carolina Zuniga from the Ministry", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00302-00228871-00229512": "of National Planning and Economic Policy in Costa Rica. To you Gonzalo Hernandez Licona, Senior", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00303-00229512-00230160": "Research Fellow at the International Initiative for Impact Evaluation – 3IEE. And also to you,", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00304-00230160-00230776": "Satu Lahteenoja, Senior Expert on Sustainable Development of Demos Helsinki, independent", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00305-00230776-00231448": "thinktank from, from Finland. Then I would like to finish with a reference to the website,", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00306-00231448-00232152": "the IIED website where you can pick up additional information linked to the organisations’ websites,", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00307-00232152-00232704": "reference material to delve deeper into the topics we've just been discussing.", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00308-00232880-00233352": "And as a last point, finish with a look ahead at episode three,", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00309-00233352-00233919": "the final episode of this podcast series. In this episode. We will be covering the aspects of", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00310-00233919-00234471": "implementation and use of SDG evaluations in order to accelerate progress for reaching", "a0zxAcab9Nu-00311-00234471-00235384": "the SDGs by 2030. I hope you'll join us. Thank you very much and goodbye."}}, {"audio_id": "a0-B0oDshEo", "text": {"a0-B0oDshEo-00000-00000352-00000860": "One in 6 children around the world are at risk of developmental delays", "a0-B0oDshEo-00001-00000896-00001132": "Which occurs in the early stages of development", "a0-B0oDshEo-00002-00001188-00001720": "and directly affects the development of the child's motor, language", "a0-B0oDshEo-00003-00001720-00002108": "and social communication skills as well as their awareness levels", "a0-B0oDshEo-00004-00002280-00002684": "Take the survey to make sure your child is safe", "a0-B0oDshEo-00005-00002736-00003220": "The questionnaire consists of 20 questions designed by DHA doctors", "a0-B0oDshEo-00006-00003411-00003692": "The questionnaire assesses the development of a child", "a0-B0oDshEo-00007-00003700-00004076": "from 9 months up to 6 years of age", "a0-B0oDshEo-00008-00004156-00004632": "Upon providing all the answers you will get an instant result", "a0-B0oDshEo-00009-00004716-00005280": "of whether your child's development is on track of needs further evolution", "a0-B0oDshEo-00010-00005356-00005948": "Make sure to fill out the questionnaire carefully for an accurate result"}}, {"audio_id": "a0WMaQFvxdM", "text": {"a0WMaQFvxdM-00000-00000000-00000200": "श्री स्वामी समर्थ स्तवन रोज ऐकल्याने येणारे संकट होतील दूर"}}, {"audio_id": "a1dbdcy2u7u", "text": {}}, {"audio_id": "a1qksM0IzGU", "text": {"a1qksM0IzGU-00000-00000000-00007420": "Miftachul Wachyudi (Yudee)"}}, {"audio_id": "a1ymUZhwsZy", "text": {"a1ymUZhwsZy-00000-00000000-00022602": "Hehehe... Hehe hahaha hihihi... Hahahaha porn."}}, {"audio_id": "a1CsfD11G-o", "text": {"a1CsfD11G-o-00000-00000173-00000246": "Hello, Reading community.", "a1CsfD11G-o-00001-00000246-00000417": "We hope that you had a great week.", "a1CsfD11G-o-00002-00000417-00000810": "Starting with some updates, we'd like to bring your attention to a few resources", "a1CsfD11G-o-00003-00000810-00001071": "that are in our written updates, in our written newsletter this week.", "a1CsfD11G-o-00004-00001101-00001324": "First, around Summer STEM.", "a1CsfD11G-o-00005-00001324-00001451": "So you'll see here, check out Summer", "a1CsfD11G-o-00006-00001451-00001811": "STEM resources from our RPS STEM curriculum coordinator, Heather Leonard.", "a1CsfD11G-o-00007-00001868-00002012": "This resource is filled with fun ways", "a1CsfD11G-o-00008-00002012-00002248": "to stay connected with STEM over the summer months.", "a1CsfD11G-o-00009-00002322-00002459": "Second, to driver's education.", "a1CsfD11G-o-00010-00002459-00002802": "You'll see here a link to a resource with more information about driver's ed", "a1CsfD11G-o-00011-00002802-00003099": "and registration for both June and July.", "a1CsfD11G-o-00012-00003143-00003363": "And then lastly, Reading Porch Fest.", "a1CsfD11G-o-00013-00003363-00003736": "So Reading Porch Fest is right around the corner, coming up in about a week or so.", "a1CsfD11G-o-00014-00003763-00003917": "So check out this flyer and link", "a1CsfD11G-o-00015-00003917-00004274": "for more information about the event and all the live music from across town.", "a1CsfD11G-o-00016-00004327-00004524": "So shifting into some shout outs, starting with shout out", "a1CsfD11G-o-00017-00004524-00004801": "to all of the students who participated, Girls on the Run.", "a1CsfD11G-o-00018-00004808-00004921": "You'll see some photos here.", "a1CsfD11G-o-00019-00004921-00005265": "We'd like to give a shout to all those who participated in Girls on the Run,", "a1CsfD11G-o-00020-00005265-00005735": "which is a fun, evidence based program that is designed to inspire girl", "a1CsfD11G-o-00021-00005735-00006099": "empowerment by building confidence kindness and decision making skills.", "a1CsfD11G-o-00022-00006126-00006429": "The student athletes had completed their celebratory 5K", "a1CsfD11G-o-00023-00006429-00006733": "run last Saturday in Medford with a huge crowd of spectators.", "a1CsfD11G-o-00024-00006733-00006963": "So way to go for all of our student athletes.", "a1CsfD11G-o-00025-00007040-00007414": "Also like to give a shout out to all those who are involved at RMHS with a donation", "a1CsfD11G-o-00026-00007414-00007474": "to Shriners.", "a1CsfD11G-o-00027-00007474-00007921": "A group of students organized a Can Tab collection to donate to Shriners", "a1CsfD11G-o-00028-00007921-00008054": "Hospital in Boston,", "a1CsfD11G-o-00029-00008054-00008334": "and this gave students the opportunity to practice community service", "a1CsfD11G-o-00030-00008334-00008455": "and to think about others.", "a1CsfD11G-o-00031-00008455-00008678": "We know the Shriners Hospital was extremely thankful", "a1CsfD11G-o-00032-00008678-00008962": "and grateful for the generosity and kindness shown by our students.", "a1CsfD11G-o-00033-00008965-00009346": "So way to go, RMHS students for your work in supporting our community.", "a1CsfD11G-o-00034-00009416-00009763": "And then lastly, we'd like to give a shout out to our RMHS boys lacrosse team.", "a1CsfD11G-o-00035-00009796-00009979": "As you may know, the boys lacrosse team", "a1CsfD11G-o-00036-00009979-00010300": "recently advanced the final four of the MIAA State tournament.", "a1CsfD11G-o-00037-00010360-00010717": "The team takes on Longmeadow this upcoming Saturday at 2 p.m.", "a1CsfD11G-o-00038-00010717-00010870": "at Medway High School.", "a1CsfD11G-o-00039-00010870-00011257": "And best of luck to the team as they continue their quest for a state title.", "a1CsfD11G-o-00040-00011301-00011501": "We hope that everyone had a great week.", "a1CsfD11G-o-00041-00011501-00011751": "We'd also like to take this moment just to thank everyone for", "a1CsfD11G-o-00042-00011805-00012028": "their excellent work across all of our schools this year.", "a1CsfD11G-o-00043-00012072-00012399": "Tuesday marks the end of the 2021/2022 school year.", "a1CsfD11G-o-00044-00012449-00012749": "We hope that all of you find time to rest, recharge over the summer,", "a1CsfD11G-o-00045-00012769-00012976": "and we look forward to seeing you all again in the fall.", "a1CsfD11G-o-00046-00012996-00013156": "Enjoy the last day on Tuesday.", "a1CsfD11G-o-00047-00013156-00013396": "Happy summer. We'll see everyone in the fall. Go Rockets."}}, {"audio_id": "a2tLgKufrVY", "text": {"a2tLgKufrVY-00000-00000066-00000695": "thank you", "a2tLgKufrVY-00001-00000695-00001009": "[Music]", "a2tLgKufrVY-00002-00001009-00002848": "I watched them fight and die in the name of Freedom they speak of liberty and justice", "a2tLgKufrVY-00003-00002848-00002969": "but for whom", "a2tLgKufrVY-00004-00002969-00003189": "[Music]", "a2tLgKufrVY-00005-00003189-00003409": "[Music]", "a2tLgKufrVY-00006-00003409-00003846": "laughs ready", "a2tLgKufrVY-00007-00003846-00004064": "[Music]", "a2tLgKufrVY-00008-00004064-00004284": "ah", "a2tLgKufrVY-00009-00004284-00004503": "fire", "a2tLgKufrVY-00010-00004503-00004721": "[Music]", "a2tLgKufrVY-00011-00004721-00005817": "on him [Music] [Applause] [Music]", "a2tLgKufrVY-00012-00005817-00006035": "[Music]", "a2tLgKufrVY-00013-00006035-00008540": "thank you", "a2tLgKufrVY-00014-00008540-00010936": "[Music]", "a2tLgKufrVY-00015-00010936-00016693": "[Applause] [Music] we hold these truths to be self-evident our right to Freedom our land", "a2tLgKufrVY-00016-00016693-00017087": "and our way of life", "a2tLgKufrVY-00017-00017087-00017514": "we will die for what we believe", "a2tLgKufrVY-00018-00017514-00018110": "we cannot be stopped", "a2tLgKufrVY-00019-00018110-00019750": "we will never back down because a life without freedom is", "a2tLgKufrVY-00020-00019750-00020800": "give us liberty or give us death", "a2tLgKufrVY-00021-00020800-00021550": "all right Lads I'll give you Blackbeard's honest opinion you ask me can this new captain", "a2tLgKufrVY-00022-00021550-00022687": "promise you a life of prizes plunder an adventure I for amongst all the gentlemen of Fortune", "a2tLgKufrVY-00023-00022687-00023492": "Salin needs West Indies he ranks amongst the most clever there was a time when I thought", "a2tLgKufrVY-00024-00023492-00023800": "myself deadliest", "a2tLgKufrVY-00025-00023800-00025456": "scares a fearsome dog the fields of trouble and turmoil I seen him clear the death of", "a2tLgKufrVY-00026-00025456-00025970": "a Spanish dying like it were known", "a2tLgKufrVY-00027-00025970-00026261": "fighting like the devil dressed as a man", "a2tLgKufrVY-00028-00026261-00027716": "and he's a counting one knows his way around every crack and crevice of these islands some", "a2tLgKufrVY-00029-00027716-00028577": "of his fortune and Adventure you seek and Captain Edward can waste your mind only don't", "a2tLgKufrVY-00030-00028577-00029894": "meddle his Private Affairs for there's more mystery of that man and even I dare ask [Music]", "a2tLgKufrVY-00031-00029894-00030356": "thank you", "a2tLgKufrVY-00032-00030356-00032114": "have you ever been disrespected for follow orders would you rather break free and live", "a2tLgKufrVY-00033-00032114-00032350": "by the Creed of a pirate", "a2tLgKufrVY-00034-00032350-00033868": "are you ready to fight for the freedom to do whatever you want", "a2tLgKufrVY-00035-00033868-00035052": "are you driven by Reckless desire all right playing the ruthless Fearless masses willing", "a2tLgKufrVY-00036-00035052-00035633": "to pledge allegiance to no one", "a2tLgKufrVY-00037-00035633-00038899": "calling all who are ready to unite under the Black Flag [Music]", "a2tLgKufrVY-00038-00038899-00041128": "[Music] foreign [Applause]", "a2tLgKufrVY-00039-00041128-00041872": "[Music]", "a2tLgKufrVY-00040-00041872-00044103": "[Applause] [Music] [Applause]", "a2tLgKufrVY-00041-00044103-00045591": "thank you", "a2tLgKufrVY-00042-00045591-00047078": "[Music] foreign", "a2tLgKufrVY-00043-00047078-00047821": "[Music]", "a2tLgKufrVY-00044-00047821-00049308": "[Music] [Applause]", "a2tLgKufrVY-00045-00049308-00049562": "fighting like", "a2tLgKufrVY-00046-00049562-00049662": "a dead man", "a2tLgKufrVY-00047-00049662-00049662": "[Music]"}}, {"audio_id": "a2MiIakljkc", "text": {"a2MiIakljkc-00000-00000532-00000736": "What you'll see is 15 years of work", "a2MiIakljkc-00001-00000736-00000940": "by the American artist David Wojnarowicz,", "a2MiIakljkc-00002-00000940-00001343": "who was born in 1954 and died in 1992.", "a2MiIakljkc-00003-00001343-00001488": "And though he lived a brief life,", "a2MiIakljkc-00004-00001488-00001871": "he had an extremely robust and active practicing career.", "a2MiIakljkc-00005-00001871-00002176": "There are over 150 artworks in this exhibition.", "a2MiIakljkc-00006-00002176-00002292": "And I think the viewer will see", "a2MiIakljkc-00007-00002292-00002592": "that there was no signature single style", "a2MiIakljkc-00008-00002592-00002760": "that Wojnarowicz worked in.", "a2MiIakljkc-00009-00002760-00002923": "There are photographs, there are collages,", "a2MiIakljkc-00010-00002923-00003203": "there's music, there's films, there's paintings...", "a2MiIakljkc-00011-00003203-00003392": "And I think for Wojnarowicz it was a way", "a2MiIakljkc-00012-00003392-00003624": "of escaping being characterized.", "a2MiIakljkc-00013-00003624-00003828": "The fact that you could fulfil many identities,", "a2MiIakljkc-00014-00003828-00004060": "many possibilities in one life,", "a2MiIakljkc-00015-00004060-00004284": "and in one artistic practice.", "a2MiIakljkc-00016-00004284-00004503": "And, what we can't do as well,", "a2MiIakljkc-00017-00004503-00004735": "but you'll see it throughout the show,", "a2MiIakljkc-00018-00004735-00005020": "he wanted to first be a poet.", "a2MiIakljkc-00019-00005020-00005520": "He became well-known eventually in the East Village for his monologues,", "a2MiIakljkc-00020-00005520-00005967": "which were extended sort of thought-pieces,", "a2MiIakljkc-00021-00005967-00006360": "about the life and the people he met,", "a2MiIakljkc-00022-00006360-00006659": "especially on the piers, and going across country.", "a2MiIakljkc-00023-00006659-00007384": "It's something we can't totally give in the exhibition.", "a2MiIakljkc-00024-00007384-00007756": "that his writing is extremely important.", "a2MiIakljkc-00025-00007756-00008220": "As important as the artwork that you see.", "a2MiIakljkc-00026-00008220-00008551": "When you think about David,", "a2MiIakljkc-00027-00008551-00008851": "one of the first things you will see is David in flames,", "a2MiIakljkc-00028-00008851-00009035": "and I like to think of that as:", "a2MiIakljkc-00029-00009035-00009248": "'I have so much I want to say,", "a2MiIakljkc-00030-00009248-00009459": "it's just bursting out of me.", "a2MiIakljkc-00031-00009459-00009792": "And it bursts out as text,", "a2MiIakljkc-00032-00009792-00009976": "that you could read,", "a2MiIakljkc-00033-00009976-00010120": "it bursts out as artwork...", "a2MiIakljkc-00034-00010120-00010551": "It's just coming out of me. It's just so much of me.'", "a2MiIakljkc-00035-00010615-00010995": "And I think many people know Wojnarowicz from his AIDS activism.", "a2MiIakljkc-00036-00010995-00011312": "This is really something you see in his work", "a2MiIakljkc-00037-00011312-00011612": "from 1987 towards the end of his life,", "a2MiIakljkc-00038-00011612-00011784": "when he dies in 1992.", "a2MiIakljkc-00039-00011784-00012031": "It was really inflected by the death of Peter Hujar,", "a2MiIakljkc-00040-00012031-00012407": "who was a photographer, an artist, and a great friend of his.", "a2MiIakljkc-00041-00012407-00012679": "But I think what one sees throughout the exhibition,", "a2MiIakljkc-00042-00012679-00012915": "that was accentuated by the work and life,", "a2MiIakljkc-00043-00012915-00013128": "that he was thinking about during the AIDS crisis,", "a2MiIakljkc-00044-00013128-00013447": "was the role of the outsider in culture.", "a2MiIakljkc-00045-00013447-00013791": "Who gets spoken for? Who was represented? Who isn't?", "a2MiIakljkc-00046-00013791-00014052": "That's really heightened in the later work,", "a2MiIakljkc-00047-00014052-00014328": "but I think you see it throughout his practice.", "a2MiIakljkc-00048-00014328-00014712": "When he uses animals, or he talks about children", "a2MiIakljkc-00049-00014712-00015015": "or he thinks about immigrants,", "a2MiIakljkc-00050-00015015-00015312": "or what's happening in Central Latin America during the 1980s.", "a2MiIakljkc-00051-00015312-00015500": "So this idea of the outsider,", "a2MiIakljkc-00052-00015500-00015647": "and who has power and who hasn't,", "a2MiIakljkc-00053-00015647-00015787": "is represented throughout the work.", "a2MiIakljkc-00054-00015787-00015996": "And also running throughout the work", "a2MiIakljkc-00055-00015996-00016463": "is an extreme love and respect for the natural environment.", "a2MiIakljkc-00056-00016463-00016775": "That it is something that has been damaged", "a2MiIakljkc-00057-00016775-00017096": "and destroyed by contemporary civilisation.", "a2MiIakljkc-00058-00017096-00017408": "But also, he takes a crack at...", "a2MiIakljkc-00059-00017408-00017600": "let's say it's the Native American Indians.", "a2MiIakljkc-00060-00017600-00017980": "I mean, they were the civilisation that we then superseded.", "a2MiIakljkc-00061-00017980-00018712": "But that it is a build-up of man contradicting the natural environment.", "a2MiIakljkc-00062-00018712-00019215": "And I think that is something that appears,", "a2MiIakljkc-00063-00019215-00019471": "and then it gets richer and richer as you go through.", "a2MiIakljkc-00064-00019471-00019971": "And it's part of AIDS crisis, it's just part of", "a2MiIakljkc-00065-00019971-00020640": "that same kind of very strong concern for humanity,", "a2MiIakljkc-00066-00020640-00021163": "but also for the world itself, and where we are.", "a2MiIakljkc-00067-00021163-00021656": "And that is why the title of the show:", "a2MiIakljkc-00068-00021656-00022024": "'History Keeps Me', a plural,", "a2MiIakljkc-00069-00022024-00022240": "'Keeps', it's present,", "a2MiIakljkc-00070-00022240-00022375": "'Me Awake at Night'.", "a2MiIakljkc-00071-00022375-00022768": "That we can't let our guard down.", "a2MiIakljkc-00072-00022768-00023252": "We got to be always alert and always out there.", "a2MiIakljkc-00073-00023252-00023552": "And it's an active process.", "a2MiIakljkc-00074-00023552-00023928": "You can be 3 years old, you can be 30 years old,", "a2MiIakljkc-00075-00023928-00024352": "you can be 90 years old... you have to stay alert."}}, {"audio_id": "a2R3Vu5UeNM", "text": {"a2R3Vu5UeNM-00000-00003350-00003700": "In the dead of night", "a2R3Vu5UeNM-00001-00003900-00004300": "I received this dream", "a2R3Vu5UeNM-00002-00004900-00005350": "Is this reality or not?", "a2R3Vu5UeNM-00003-00005500-00005750": "I don't know...", "a2R3Vu5UeNM-00004-00007180-00007800": "In this dream, I'm searching", "a2R3Vu5UeNM-00005-00007900-00008250": "Always searching", "a2R3Vu5UeNM-00006-00008300-00008600": "In this manner", "a2R3Vu5UeNM-00007-00008700-00009000": "This new world", "a2R3Vu5UeNM-00008-00009050-00009250": "Looks like paradise", "a2R3Vu5UeNM-00009-00009260-00009600": "But ignorance is bliss", "a2R3Vu5UeNM-00010-00010275-00010410": "If I live in reality", "a2R3Vu5UeNM-00011-00010420-00010610": "I will become sad", "a2R3Vu5UeNM-00012-00010650-00010810": "Even if I play in a dream", "a2R3Vu5UeNM-00013-00010830-00011010": "I will become lonely", "a2R3Vu5UeNM-00014-00011050-00011200": "Standing between the two, looking around", "a2R3Vu5UeNM-00015-00011250-00011410": "The sky begins to fall down", "a2R3Vu5UeNM-00016-00011450-00011600": "Is this place the truth?", "a2R3Vu5UeNM-00017-00011610-00011800": "I can't decide...", "a2R3Vu5UeNM-00018-00015030-00015500": "In this future world", "a2R3Vu5UeNM-00019-00015550-00015800": "I have lost my way", "a2R3Vu5UeNM-00020-00016600-00016850": "A distant voice", "a2R3Vu5UeNM-00021-00017000-00017300": "Calls my name", "a2R3Vu5UeNM-00022-00017610-00017900": "But I can't stop"}}, {"audio_id": "a2TTHheo_-I", "text": {"a2TTHheo_-I-00000-00000328-00000664": "The camp was located in a gap between the ice mountains", "a2TTHheo_-I-00001-00000664-00001100": "rising two or three thousand feet all over the place.", "a2TTHheo_-I-00002-00001122-00001416": "A snowstorm was escalating quickly,", "a2TTHheo_-I-00003-00001420-00001536": "turning the sky black.", "a2TTHheo_-I-00004-00001564-00001848": "The aircraft's altimeter was dropping fast.", "a2TTHheo_-I-00005-00001873-00001966": "From one hundred miles", "a2TTHheo_-I-00006-00001986-00002036": "to eighty,", "a2TTHheo_-I-00007-00002054-00002104": "seventy,", "a2TTHheo_-I-00008-00002136-00002204": "forty,", "a2TTHheo_-I-00009-00002226-00002276": "thirty,", "a2TTHheo_-I-00010-00002294-00002350": "twenty,", "a2TTHheo_-I-00011-00002350-00002400": "ten...", "a2TTHheo_-I-00012-00003000-00003211": "The storm was hitting furiously.", "a2TTHheo_-I-00013-00003294-00003358": "Suddenly", "a2TTHheo_-I-00014-00003392-00003728": "the clouds opened to a spinning snow avalanche.", "a2TTHheo_-I-00015-00004726-00005032": "The plane was trapped in the terrible crossed currents", "a2TTHheo_-I-00016-00005046-00005336": "that dwell over the southern roof of the world,", "a2TTHheo_-I-00017-00005370-00005614": "shaking like a leaf in the wind.", "a2TTHheo_-I-00018-00005634-00005704": "The altimeter", "a2TTHheo_-I-00019-00005738-00005936": "was dropping dangerously", "a2TTHheo_-I-00020-00005946-00006166": "The turn indicator was doing", "a2TTHheo_-I-00021-00006188-00006292": "some kind of tango", "a2TTHheo_-I-00022-00006314-00006470": "around the dial.", "a2TTHheo_-I-00023-00006488-00006788": "even the clock stopped working.", "a2TTHheo_-I-00024-00008012-00008224": "The oil pressure indicator", "a2TTHheo_-I-00025-00008246-00008506": "had an even more suprising reading,", "a2TTHheo_-I-00026-00008528-00008708": "in a glimpse it showed that", "a2TTHheo_-I-00027-00008726-00008886": "either we had a fugue", "a2TTHheo_-I-00028-00008896-00009182": "or the oil had frozen.", "a2TTHheo_-I-00029-00010056-00010152": "The plane", "a2TTHheo_-I-00030-00010172-00010288": "was out of control."}}, {"audio_id": "a2XFuXEK_bg", "text": {"a2XFuXEK_bg-00000-00000086-00000360": "Anne Lee Steele: It's like we're on the cloud. All right.", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00001-00000370-00001431": "Anne Lee Steele: So welcome everyone to this month's fireside chat hosted by the turning way and open hardware makers.", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00002-00001433-00004323": "Anne Lee Steele: We're really excited to have folks here. Uh I'm Amy Steele. I'm the community manager, turn way, and i'm a part of and support and organizing team and a community of folks to steward contributions to your book um, and for maybe like any other projects besides um. But to get a started because you Don't know about the turning way as an open source, open collaboration and community development. And our goal is to make reproducible ethical and collaborate data science", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00003-00004325-00006528": "Anne Lee Steele: accessible and comprehensible for everyone and Um, myself and many others in the community, and to represent an international community of researchers and practitioners to create resources as tractors and community learning practices that bring in perspectives from countries, from backgrounds, cultures from all sorts of different experiences, is really at the core of", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00004-00006530-00007319": "Anne Lee Steele: project, and this Sars, like Chat Series, has really been an effort to create a space where people could gather in exchange", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00005-00007320-00010168": "Anne Lee Steele: and support challenges, share different practices and ideas that work across their different contexts, and we will just to let you a little bit more about the format. We will be hosting um an hour long conversation together today. Um! And then we'll be meeting open this room for around thirty minutes after a call. If you have any questions or", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00006-00010193-00012188": "Anne Lee Steele: so in the context of this fireside chat, this topic of connecting open hardware to open science really merged out of conversations with Puglia and Zio be introducing herself in a moment, um really delighted to co-develop and be co-hosting this conversation with her today, which really came out of the", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00007-00012190-00013419": "Anne Lee Steele: a sense of perception of a divide between the world of open hardware and the world of open science more broadly in many ways, both, of course, them being connected to the open source software movement, but are somehow fun.", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00008-00013421-00016288": "Anne Lee Steele: They're emergencies and applications and different problems right that have come from the respective applications or the spaces in which they find themselves. Um! And If someone who has myself, you know, studied both online communities and in real life processes and supply chains is really keen to be able to speak with you all today about um what it means to kind of connect these these different spaces, and also to connect those conversations back in the world in which the term might find itself,", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00009-00016392-00019378": "Anne Lee Steele: but I won't go too much into that. Uh, leave us more need more for our conversation together. Um! Just a couple of logistics and short notes that please note, as you know, from the chat we do have a shared e their pad to facilitate written note, taking any ideas from well joined in to listen. Today we also have a code of conduct that applies to this man to ensure accessibility and the sexual collaboration, and we for any concerns reporting an incident that makes you feel uncomfortable,", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00010-00019390-00022326": "Anne Lee Steele: or for further ideas to improve our accessibility as a project. Please please email the turnway at Gmail dot com, or alternatively, you can reach out to me as a facilitator. Um, by email me um, sending me a message on slack um or other through my other contact information which is in the. And so with that I'm really delighted to hand it over to who we um to kick off today's uh session by introducing yourself um a little bit more", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00011-00022327-00022700": "Anne Lee Steele: hardware makers, and then we'll pass it on to our speakers.", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00012-00022757-00025586": "Julieta Arancio: Thank you and and hi everyone, and i'm really happy to see so many people here in this soon today. Thank you. First of all, I end up your way for the space as you were mentioning. We're trying to reach open hardware and open science that this this spaces are incredibly important and very good about me. I I have many hats, but I'm, currently a post doctor, a researcher associated to Drexel University in the Us.", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00013-00025588-00025981": "Julieta Arancio: And I am making a case to study up for a lecture which is A. And", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00014-00025982-00028946": "Julieta Arancio: the hardware microscope. If you want to learn more about that, you can go back to the board, and i'm heavily involved with opencourseware communication science. So one of the I think the hat I'm here with today is I'm, one of one of the co-founders with Alexander, Sherida, and and the china's the mentoring program for the hardware makers. This is an online initiative to try and mentor people developers in academia and outside of which are the best practices for sharing", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00015-00028948-00030532": "Julieta Arancio: our projects, and just to kick off the introductory question today. The opening question today, which is why, how they are getting to open hardware. Why are we here? I will start by saying that me", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00016-00030533-00033429": "Julieta Arancio: opencourseware isn't an opportunity for democratizing, especially in science, knowledge and access to technology. I've been. I just come back from the Latin America gathering of open science, hardware, and with an incredible experience where small, very small farmers are getting to use data science by applying over the Hiro practice so amazing. The potential is amazing. And I would like to invite our invited speakers to also respond to this question:", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00017-00033460-00033918": "Julieta Arancio: Why, what is open hard for you, and why, Um!", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00018-00033920-00035016": "Julieta Arancio: Why is important for you? How did you arrive to this space? What do you think we should be all doing more open hardware. Maybe we can start with Frank. Do you want to join us? Welcome.", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00019-00035034-00035189": "Julieta Arancio: Introduce yourself", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00020-00035190-00035246": "in the", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00021-00035261-00036577": "Frank: Hello, everyone. My name is Frank. I'm. The executive manager for Africa and science Hardware, Africa. Um, a community of ah", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00022-00036579-00038379": "Frank: policymakers, all open science enthusiasts. And now we are dedicated to making open science hardware indic us by twenty, twenty-five, and also promoting renovation and science and research in Africa.", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00023-00039066-00039392": "Frank: Um, So How did I get into in hardware?", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00024-00039404-00039650": "Frank: Okay, Um.", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00025-00039821-00040009": "Frank: Up when I was a kid", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00026-00040012-00040661": "Frank: I used to spend my summer holidays with my parents in the village and my grandad", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00027-00040688-00042585": "Frank: um that he rested. He he owned this really large group of film. So during the summer holidays we just go to a couple of thousand me and my kids will play, and every now and then I get back to us. This morning I got to check, and i'll come home, and my camera will be.", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00028-00042590-00043580": "Frank: We tell me we are on back and go pick up some leaves and bring it, and to mix it up, which you applied on the affected area and a number of days", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00029-00043597-00045140": "Frank: I'd start to feel better. And um on days that I can finally go to a neighbour's house to ask for belief if they do have some, and I it was that culture that I realized that knowledge", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00030-00046534-00048473": "Frank: um over the past few decades. Our brother is that that culture of sharing knowledge has ah has died out of day. It's unfortunate. So to me, I think um open hardware is is ah sort of bringing back that culture", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00031-00048474-00049362": "Frank: to to share knowledge, to make knowledge as flexible to everyone, so we could just improve our lives and help so", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00032-00049363-00049512": "Frank: local problems", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00033-00049654-00050854": "Julieta Arancio: that it was really really inspiring. I totally agree with you, Frank, Thank you so much for introducing yourself and sharing your story. Um Kerrian, Would you like to join us in teaching yourself and telling what brought you in.", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00034-00050855-00051190": "Kerrianne Harrington: Yeah, sure. Um. I hope I can be heard. Okay,", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00035-00051192-00052855": "Kerrianne Harrington: Um, I'm Kerrian Harrington. And my expertise is actually in optical fibers. And but I got into Ah, open hardware um through Richard Bowman, who worked on the apron Fletcher Project. So they're most known for their intellectual microscope.", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00036-00052857-00054019": "Kerrianne Harrington: But that's not all. They do so. Um I helped with some of the ah open Fletcher applications when I to block stage, which is often used for launching in top of fibers.", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00037-00054020-00055479": "Kerrianne Harrington: Um, and um. I basically thought it was really cool that anyone could go and download the microscope and in both themselves. So if you've ever worked in an experimental lab as post-doc. You see, there's a lot of reinventing the wheel", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00038-00055480-00057142": "Kerrianne Harrington: um, and so i'm i'm really excited about open uh hardware and science because I think it's got the potential to um make signs for reducible and save a lot of time as well. So Um, yeah uh, That's my my interest.", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00039-00057245-00057399": "Julieta Arancio: Thanks, Garyanna.", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00040-00057400-00058228": "Julieta Arancio: Okay, Great saying, you here we are often at the University of Bath, so we can bump into each other.", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00041-00058229-00058419": "Julieta Arancio: Okay, I will continue with Sally", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00042-00058420-00058625": "if you can amute yourself.", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00043-00058628-00060146": "Sanli Faez: Sure. Thanks, Julie. I'm Sally Fires. I'm. A professor at Ticho University. My main research is about actually microscopy. I actually build microscopes optical microscopes. A colleague", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00044-00060148-00060672": "Sanli Faez: once asked me, When are you the happiest at work? And I said, when I have a screwdriver in my hand,", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00045-00060678-00060858": "Sanli Faez: and really true,", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00046-00060864-00063474": "Sanli Faez: but since. About five six years ago, I got involved in the open science uh initiatives of my University University, because we would like to do some advocacy to bring it to the culture of the scientists. So we wrote a plan. Uh, I may podcast. We had a couple of different activities, and it has come in the Netherlands now quite a national uh program Uh. It has its own funding system, et cetera.", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00047-00063476-00065279": "Sanli Faez: But then, as I saw that he had his own momentum. I sort of took a step back, and about two years ago we, with a couple of colleagues at a different university, we started the Fair battery project, and that's the project which aims at making a fully open source battery, which look at the resource materials", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00048-00065280-00067640": "Sanli Faez: and the expertise, and we have been busy with this for quite a while, and I feel now back at home, combining uh open science, or in this case open hardware, and my sort of engineering capabilities, although it's not my main research area, but I feel like I must do it. And if you know, open access, publishing is complicated. Uh, I I invite you to see the complexity of uh", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00049-00067641-00068089": "Sanli Faez: talking about open hardware with companies.", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00050-00068090-00068588": "Sanli Faez: Yeah, that's my current state of engaging with open hardware.", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00051-00068674-00068789": "Thank you, Sammy.", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00052-00068790-00069560": "Julieta Arancio: We will be talking about those complexities here and talk today. I hope. Sorry I do want to introduce yourself.", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00053-00069689-00070746": "Sarah Hutton (she/her): IOPA; UMass Amherst: Sure. Thank you. Hello! I'm Sarah Hutton. I am the incoming research and community engagement lead for the Internet Production Alliance.", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00054-00070753-00071777": "Sarah Hutton (she/her): IOPA; UMass Amherst: And I'm. Also a research associate for the center of student success, research and public interest technology programs", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00055-00071778-00073311": "Sarah Hutton (she/her): IOPA; UMass Amherst: at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst. I have, I think, probably a little bit difference of a background in coming to this. I have been an academic research librarian for over twenty years with a focus on", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00056-00073312-00074944": "Sarah Hutton (she/her): IOPA; UMass Amherst: open um open software development, open educational resources, open governance open data sets. And most recently, having been at U. Mass. Amherst, which is a Carnegie R. One high research production institution.", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00057-00074945-00076718": "Sarah Hutton (she/her): IOPA; UMass Amherst: I've spent well over a decade working with researchers in conducting the research to have produced vaccines, to come up with different types of hardware and whatnot, and have examples of that as well,", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00058-00076720-00078400": "Sarah Hutton (she/her): IOPA; UMass Amherst: but most recently served as the the dean of libraries at the University, and really, you know, have seen firsthand in my experience at every different level in the system. Also, being a educational policy researcher", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00059-00078402-00080251": "Sarah Hutton (she/her): IOPA; UMass Amherst: about the you know, really the hurdles in accessing information, and just to reiterate and echo what the other panelists have already mentioned, There's such great opportunity to accelerate the research process by opening up the data", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00060-00080253-00081417": "Sarah Hutton (she/her): IOPA; UMass Amherst: by allowing, you know, the opening up of the the participation in knowledge, production, and scholarship. That's been something that has been. You know. I've been deeply steeped in for a very long time,", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00061-00081429-00082235": "Sarah Hutton (she/her): IOPA; UMass Amherst: and in my experience, as you know, a faculty member and researcher", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00062-00082243-00082913": "Sarah Hutton (she/her): IOPA; UMass Amherst: put together programs with different ministries of education for visiting scholars", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00063-00082914-00084342": "Sarah Hutton (she/her): IOPA; UMass Amherst: on conducting research. You know, looking at what are some of the problems that you're experiencing in your home communities. And how can you build a solution to solve that problem, whether it's drought, desalination of water in desert areas,", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00064-00084344-00085001": "Sarah Hutton (she/her): IOPA; UMass Amherst: you know, insect infestation and whatnot, and so on every level of seeing how open can really help", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00065-00085059-00086928": "Sarah Hutton (she/her): IOPA; UMass Amherst: the reason why I have come to open hardware. Specifically, I feel like It's a culmination of all of my experiences and interests, but really going back to to thinking about it from the perspective of where I really really started, which was growing up on a farm", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00066-00086929-00088535": "Sarah Hutton (she/her): IOPA; UMass Amherst: in rural main in the poorest county Biscataquist county entirely landlocked um, you know, a crumbling economy. This was pre-internet a lot of the spaces there still don't have access to the Internet um or electricity in in many senses. And so", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00067-00088537-00089168": "Sarah Hutton (she/her): IOPA; UMass Amherst: I grew up in a situation where there wasn't access to a lot of resources,", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00068-00089203-00090909": "Sarah Hutton (she/her): IOPA; UMass Amherst: and we built a lot of our own things like I learned how to got a room and put up sheet rock as a kid. I've replaced exhaust systems and Cd. Joint boots and cars, and was always looking for solutions", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00069-00090918-00092075": "Sarah Hutton (she/her): IOPA; UMass Amherst: to be able to solve the problem because we didn't have enough, and it looked at like, How can you swap out like this aluminum sheeting for welding, even though we know it's going to break eventually. How do you just get by?", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00070-00092076-00093959": "Sarah Hutton (she/her): IOPA; UMass Amherst: And I see that problem now where people don't have access to the machinery, the information, the electricity to solve problems, And I want to contribute to developing infrastructure. You know, data standards", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00071-00093960-00094628": "Sarah Hutton (she/her): IOPA; UMass Amherst: and relationships to support solving problems in communities, because I know what that's like.", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00072-00094768-00096973": "Julieta Arancio: And thank you, Sarah. That's another very, very interesting story, and I will. I think we will learn an unknown conversation. All this kind of different angles to open hardware, access, efficiency and collaboration. I will now pass the Mike to, and who will start with the first question for our panel.", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00073-00097083-00099955": "Anne Lee Steele: Thanks, Julie, and thanks so much. Everyone for your introductions. There's so much to draw upon everything from process of sharing knowledge to make it accessible for everyone from It's used in research environments and optical fibers in creation, of batteries, of microscopes, of open governance and of data, sets access to in physical infrastructures that affect all of our lives. There's so many different elements here that um as it's someone who had not,", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00074-00099957-00101456": "Anne Lee Steele: and many has looked at the open, hardware movement from the outside, it seems to connect so many different threads together from so many other fields at the same time. And so, you know, when we came together to to through open hardware, we realized that it was in many ways", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00075-00101458-00104426": "Anne Lee Steele: it's kind of like the the wider uh open umbrella or open science umbrella that's commonly an image use and associated with open science, open science being, you know, a a large and relevant encompasses many other processes open hardware similarly, since to occupy and encompass many other um fields and the other aspects of not only scientific research, but many of their fields more broadly, and so in an effort to pin it down um, and also, maybe, to draw it to something that really made open hardware much more visible,", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00076-00104427-00106290": "Anne Lee Steele: and our society is more broadly. It was the Covid nineteen pandemic and the initial lockdowns. So really the first question that we wanted to ask was that, you know, because the Covid nineteen pandemic, has allowed open harbor to to showcase many ways. It's its fault potential in its way of ways of working.", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00077-00106292-00107778": "Anne Lee Steele: We wanted to ask you all, what are the opportunities, The challenges that arose from open hardware during what were your own experiences with your own projects and other ones that were affected by the Covid nineteen,", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00078-00107979-00109270": "Anne Lee Steele: and maybe i'll actually toss this one to Kerry, and first, because during one of the speaker check-ins, she showed this amazing story of a project that she was engaged in in the first months of the lockdown.", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00079-00109299-00110588": "Kerrianne Harrington: Yeah. So when the lockdown happened in March, the twentieth twenty, my my working five was shut down to shut down three months,", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00080-00110590-00112007": "Kerrianne Harrington: and and um. I was also part of the local ah maker space in South Africa. Ah! I called to make it, and they were looking for people. You had some cads. Ah, some had knowledge, and some really printing", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00081-00112008-00113185": "Kerrianne Harrington: to help print some ppe. So the face rises that we're going around. So this was a design that was shared through the originally cruiser community.", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00082-00113186-00114621": "Kerrianne Harrington: And and ah, basically the Ed Cheney, who was part of maker's face. He had connections with Ah care people who worked in care homes, and he liked hospitals who needed this this Pp: They couldn't get hold of it.", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00083-00114630-00116922": "Kerrianne Harrington: Um! And so um we downloaded the design. We built a print farm. We got hold of the materials um, And before we started doing this the University hadn't really like interacted with um Ah, with the Maker Space Tool. But you know the University were really glad to give us their printers because they were currently not being used at all.", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00084-00116924-00118072": "Kerrianne Harrington: Um, And so we were able to build this like Print Farm in a matter of days, and it was only like two or three of us, and we were able to get to the point where we were printing", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00085-00118105-00120047": "Kerrianne Harrington: masks a week, and then also delivering them to. So for me it was a really good opportunity to collaborate with the community and make loads of connections to be able to help you. Really, directly we were able to get feedback, So one of the surgeons was collecting", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00086-00120049-00120288": "Kerrianne Harrington: mask, for, like you know, it's a little bit rough.", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00087-00120301-00121803": "Kerrianne Harrington: Um, so can you fix that? And we like, you know, we would take their input and change the design. Um, So it it benefits them more directly. Uh: So yeah, it was really. I felt at that time it was really supportive", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00088-00121805-00123583": "Kerrianne Harrington: Um! And then, uh, after the masks were no longer needed, the face visors were no longer needed. It was a bit of a shame because the collaboration kind of died like we delivered the printers that were donated back. Um, And it would have been really good like, continued Um.", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00089-00123584-00123843": "Kerrianne Harrington: So yeah, that That's my experience. So far", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00090-00123886-00124358": "Julieta Arancio: it was that was really really interesting to see how how labs can.", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00091-00124359-00124508": "Yeah, can't", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00092-00124509-00125833": "Julieta Arancio: be recycled and and do something else. As this question is kind of an introductory question to showcase the impact, and then we will move on to to questions where we have more time to.", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00093-00125834-00127755": "Julieta Arancio: Yeah. Have everyone time in. I would like Frank, if you could mention Ah, from your experience from Africa, which was the the opportunities and challenge was for the for open hardware during the pandemic, and and then we will move on to another question, Where? Where everyone can time in and we'll start more conversation. That's what it.", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00094-00128067-00128248": "Frank: Ah, thank you.", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00095-00128268-00128685": "Frank: So when they covet nineteen, when they make head", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00096-00128695-00130333": "Frank: at the schools closed down, it was locked down. Ah, treacherous! I feel where it was closed down, and there was this mass panic buy of Ah, Fate shows and face masks and ah, sanitizers protective gears.", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00097-00130368-00130539": "Frank: It became a police case,", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00098-00130544-00132383": "Frank: and the ones that you could find in the market shut up like five times the price that were initial price. So it can be very, very expensive to buy and sanitizers almost those masks. So the interesting thing is majors from different regions of Africa,", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00099-00132385-00133632": "Frank: them together to develop and build and three-point respirators and ventilators phase Masks face shields and sanitizers.", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00100-00133633-00134599": "Frank: The interesting thing is, um. Most of these um. These were built, using local materials and ah recycled plastics.", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00101-00134600-00136017": "Frank: So was an opportunity that came out of the uh pandemic because it brought back the conversation of using local materials to to manufacture in Africa and the the Covid nineteen pandemic,", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00102-00136038-00137676": "Frank: but by the conversation about the importance of using local materials, and it was amazing how the make a movements came together to help. Ah! Their various communities fight against the the Covid virus.", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00103-00137677-00138160": "Frank: Yeah, the word make a spaces to you, printing", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00104-00138162-00140026": "Frank: those snacks and uh respirators and face. She was in to school with churches, local hospitals, and it was great using a recycled plastics to make", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00105-00140028-00141829": "Frank: for Africans. We realize that, uh, we could then can always rely on important materials for faction and for traditional goals. And ah, when Covid restricted. Ah! That we have to sort of rely on our own resources.", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00106-00142483-00143007": "Frank: Yeah, that that That's what the Covid pandemic", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00107-00143034-00144190": "Frank: from to Africa. It did help Africans know that we can manufacture things on our own museum, local materials and recycle plastics.", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00108-00144402-00145848": "Anne Lee Steele: It's an amazing and amazing effort, and hopefully one that can be built off of. And i'm sorry who we in a dense. But I saw somebody's hand raised for a second there, so i'll pass the mic to him before you move on to the second question.", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00109-00145849-00148061": "Sanli Faez: Yeah, thank you very much. I just want to briefly mention, on top of all the grassroots, the initiatives which are fantastic, I think, for the open, hardware community, the story of open drones and the pandemic, and how they saved actually in New York will remain. Ah, it also proves that, you know we can have a more open source-based business model and sort of drive becoming a unicorn,", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00110-00148063-00148813": "Sanli Faez: and I think people have to really study that, and I think it will stay, and it will be a very big shift in how we treat open hardware.", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00111-00149114-00149268": "Julieta Arancio: Thank you, Sally. I just", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00112-00149270-00152078": "Julieta Arancio: shared link to the initiative You we're mentioning, which is full of prompts kind of a pragmatic case for anyone who is interested in hard work, science, and I would like to move on to our second question, which is more about the practical challenges or of hardware, and how it works. So we are kind of right now. At this point, After all the work amazing work of the open science movement, we are more familiar with data. The next publications", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00113-00152079-00153910": "Julieta Arancio: open educational resources. But open hardware has some differences, and we have to deal with the support supply chains. And and as Frank was mentioning well, local materials, and how do you document and share which is the source of right? So it's. It's kind of a different complexity, and I would like to ask our panelists", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00114-00153944-00155005": "Julieta Arancio: what do you think is the most relevant challenges in your work for bringing more people into open hardware and for bridging open hardware and open science,", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00115-00155006-00156033": "Julieta Arancio: Anyone can start, and we can in this section, please You're welcome to open your mic and start replying to each other. You like it. Maybe, Sara, you haven't applied to the first question. If you want to start.", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00116-00156174-00158196": "Sarah Hutton (she/her): IOPA; UMass Amherst: Sure, sure, I think that one of the you know one of the biggest challenges that we face is looking at, you know a shared vocabulary or ontologies between groups and understanding. You know what what kind of standard are we looking at here? I mean, we talk about metadata standards a lot for", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00117-00158198-00158788": "Sarah Hutton (she/her): IOPA; UMass Amherst: data, interoperability and portability. But there isn't really anything for hardware.", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00118-00158790-00160383": "Sarah Hutton (she/her): IOPA; UMass Amherst: Yes, it's It's developing. It's developing currently. And in the conversations that I've had with Internet. Production Alliance community members from organizations, multiple organizations that are looking into this.", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00119-00160385-00162840": "Sarah Hutton (she/her): IOPA; UMass Amherst: You know There, there are discussions about what kind of standard are we looking at using here? And it's about building one and some of the work that um, you know that has already been done, and that open know how standard, as well as you know, open nowhere for mapping out an ecosystem of available hardware and resources for the reproducibility of items. You know It's. Ah, it's", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00120-00162841-00164134": "Sarah Hutton (she/her): IOPA; UMass Amherst: awareness. Its involvement and coming to an agreement about what is it that we're really trying to to map out here and solve.", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00121-00164136-00165740": "Sarah Hutton (she/her): IOPA; UMass Amherst: You know, some of the the work that we've been doing, for example, and with Ah, the next generation Internet and data portability for being able to move some data between platforms,", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00122-00165741-00167241": "Sarah Hutton (she/her): IOPA; UMass Amherst: the tooling Hasn't been developed. And so that's really the work that's happening right now. And I think that that's again A lot doesn't exist yet, and a lot takes.", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00123-00167349-00169036": "Sarah Hutton (she/her): IOPA; UMass Amherst: I think there are in working with a lot of software engineers over over the years, and having worked in open governance and establishing metadata standards, it's a lot more than just developing the tooling. It's coming to a shared consensus about what", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00124-00169037-00169558": "Sarah Hutton (she/her): IOPA; UMass Amherst: the tooling is trying to accomplish, and I think that that's one of the biggest challenges.", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00125-00169697-00170391": "Julieta Arancio: I completely agree for my own experience, doing research and open power for science, and", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00126-00170392-00172036": "Julieta Arancio: before moving on to um. Whoever wants to go next to talk about challenges for the hardware, also thinking about the promise of distributed manufacturing, the fact that we could share a design and someone somewhere else to download that design and just rebuild it.", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00127-00172037-00173426": "Julieta Arancio: So, thinking of all this super interesting potential, and we saw some of that during the Covid nineteen pandemic, which are, for example, Sally, do we want to share some of the challenges we do think are most relevant today", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00128-00173534-00173839": "Sanli Faez: about recipes.", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00129-00173840-00174674": "Julieta Arancio: No, I mean sorry. I mean the challenges for open hardware to become widely adopted or from closer to all the time.", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00130-00174676-00176949": "Sanli Faez: Yeah. So I I want to hear mentioned that you know we had in the in the topic of open access publishing. We had this issue of you know the Pdf. And how can we actually make it? And there, at least it was very common, for you know, four hundred years for people to write down the results in a way that they can publish, and we can cheaper and cheaper to copy it in open. Our The extra challenge is that actually", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00131-00176951-00178617": "Sanli Faez: you're writing how you do things. It's not even so common. So try any any paper, and then get a metal section and try to reduce it ninety, nine percent. You fail, and there are many examples that show this. So if you have to start one step back and actually teach to our researchers or inventors", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00132-00178619-00180093": "Sanli Faez: documentation of an importance of documentation of how they do things properly, that it becomes reproduced. And this is one challenge further than you know, making what they have done actually openly accessible to all.", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00133-00180095-00182709": "Sanli Faez: On the other hand, also, it avoids a lot of waste. So I think there is a lot of benefits for doing that, even inside the lab, or even inside one person's, you know, four years of Phd. So there's also a lot of game to be made, because it's so primitive to document how you do things I think that would be. Why, my my most focus, if I want to sort of uh an open hardware in my teaching my classes will be on documentation.", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00134-00182736-00183676": "Julieta Arancio: Thanks, Emily, and everyone is worried about How do we document all this work? How do we make sure that someone else can?", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00135-00183692-00184758": "Julieta Arancio: Um, I don't see. Oh, yeah, uh, carry on. Do you want to continue? And then we go to Frank. And remember, you can just open your mind.", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00136-00184778-00187760": "Kerrianne Harrington: Uh yeah, I guess, for my challenge. Uh, the biggest challenge is uh working in a university. Um, as a postal is a time. So uh you get heavily uh judged from your publication output. So any time that you know, not leading to a direct application or something that the University straightforwardly recognizes as an output is is great. So, even though i'm open science, like the hardware,", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00137-00187762-00189048": "Kerrianne Harrington: is something that, like publication teams at universities we recognize, and we'll be very excited about It's not something that in the Department of", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00138-00189049-00189859": "Kerrianne Harrington: will be openly understood or recognized as well as either getting a pattern or making a publication.", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00139-00189860-00192534": "Kerrianne Harrington: So and I I completely agree that a lot of the time, if you try and ah reproduce something from ah a lab in another university. It's actually really hard, because there'll be like small little things about the equipment or the ah experimental setup that um you you just can't know it won't be described in the paper. Um, a lot of time. You have to go away, and might actually see that that to actually fully understand going on. Um.", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00140-00192536-00193958": "Kerrianne Harrington: And so the capabilities become very unique to the areas. So I think that universities are excited about my buzzwords, but they don't always like fully understand it enough to support me, being able to actually do it.", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00141-00193960-00195940": "Kerrianne Harrington: So. Um! It would be a a lot of high-risk time for me to use to really pursue something, whereas if I was just a pass in something um, it would be something that my project would reward, and my University would straightforward. They acknowledged as an output um that they could put on. You know, some sort of report that graph.", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00142-00196202-00196607": "Julieta Arancio: Um, Sorry you have a common to carry on.", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00143-00196609-00198492": "Sarah Hutton (she/her): IOPA; UMass Amherst: Yeah, just some very quick comments to that. Absolutely Absolutely one hundred percent at research institutions. It's about technology transfer. And what are your your impact factors, what's your age index and whatnot,", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00144-00198494-00199729": "Sarah Hutton (she/her): IOPA; UMass Amherst: and a lot of what you're producing is bound up in the ten-year promotion process, and how you are judged for your output,", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00145-00199730-00201454": "Sarah Hutton (she/her): IOPA; UMass Amherst: and it is a system of you know, knowledge, commodification, information, commodification, And a lot of this stuff continues to be locked down. And while we're talking about research institutions in epidemia versus, you know, like", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00146-00201456-00202555": "Sarah Hutton (she/her): IOPA; UMass Amherst: the real world, and people actually doing things. A lot of these institutions are intellectual and economic drivers for the creation of", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00147-00202556-00203993": "Sarah Hutton (she/her): IOPA; UMass Amherst: You know a lot of life-saving vaccines and techniques, and whatnot and they are the ones that are still putting, You know ip and copyright and patenting and trademarking these things that", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00148-00204018-00204913": "Sarah Hutton (she/her): IOPA; UMass Amherst: then make them prohibitive for access, just for a quick example, looking at Iso standards, those costs hundreds of dollars to access.", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00149-00204913-00207633": "Sarah Hutton (she/her): IOPA; UMass Amherst: Um, and that would, you know, just to to punctuate the comment? One of the other big challenges that that I have seen. Um is that when you're looking at standards. So far as you know, health and safety standards are concerned. They vary, you know, geographically, globally, and it is very challenging to come to a shared understanding of.", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00150-00207634-00209582": "Sarah Hutton (she/her): IOPA; UMass Amherst: You know how you're going to be able to reproduce something, you know, as it should have been reproduced here. What's the fail rate. But also is it safe to use? And um And I don't think that you know these academic institution research drivers are doing a good job of providing that information via documentation or legal support.", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00151-00209698-00209818": "Third,", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00152-00209819-00210438": "Julieta Arancio: Frank. What about from an African Ash perspective? What one of the main challenges, You know.", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00153-00210490-00212368": "Frank: I'd like to uh talk a little about what Sally said about documentation. I've come to find out that most African makers don't uh we have the necessary resources to document, their the hardware, or how they make how they create.", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00154-00212369-00212930": "Frank: I've made a few who have Youtube channels. Who the process of", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00155-00212939-00214421": "Frank: the video there, the process and they uploaded on Youtube, and most of them require higher resolution cameras, so they results to high resolution. Cameras are very expensive in Africa, most part of Africa, at least. And um,", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00156-00214421-00215185": "Frank: so the results are using the iphones, which are also quite expensive. So documentation I also say", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00157-00215187-00216658": "Frank: it's a challenge. And um, when there is electricity. There is a Internet. But I would say education. There is not enough education in Africa about open science and open hardware.", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00158-00216659-00218628": "Frank: So there it is least practicing for any other continents. It's not enough medication, I think it's a general misconception and misunderstanding on what he signs and open the hardware is so at least less people are practicing the open-size and open hardware.", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00159-00218764-00218908": "Julieta Arancio: Thank you, Frank.", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00160-00218926-00219109": "Julieta Arancio: And Um.", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00161-00219110-00219732": "Julieta Arancio: There is also just a comment for in general hearing for all of you,", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00162-00219776-00220600": "Julieta Arancio: I think hardware tends to be more invisible than as an infrastructure like when you go to the lab. The machines are there.", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00163-00220601-00222188": "Julieta Arancio: Top technicians are not as rewarded as academic personnel, and in general we are. It's a given like hardware is there, or it's not there. But it's not a problem that we have to open or not. We are most focused on the publications and the outputs of the data, and", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00164-00222190-00223298": "Julieta Arancio: especially at research institutions. It's hard to make the point. That opening the hardware is also relevant, because it's what it allows you to produce all the rest of the products.", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00165-00223300-00223924": "Julieta Arancio: Does anyone want to make any quick comment before we move on to the Sec. To the final question", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00166-00223973-00226930": "Julieta Arancio: hopefully, I would be remiss if I didn't jump in here and talk a little bit more about documentation. Um, and so it's so core to the history of the Turing way as a project back in two thousand and eighteen, Dr. Kristy Whitaker Um, gathered together for a group of her allies to create a book of reproducibility, which is the first first book of the of the train by the first guide. Um! Really out, and then out of an effort to to close this documentation that for best practices", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00167-00226932-00228207": "Anne Lee Steele: not mean to set a singular to standard, but rather to even have them in a single space. And then the four other guides that emerged outside of that we're really realizing how much. All of the other aspects of science", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00168-00228208-00231022": "Anne Lee Steele: required documentation in a similar domain, in order to, you know, make the previously too easy not to do right, and funnily enough. Um, because section that we have on open hardware is was one of the first things that I had read. Um, but I've learned about the turn of my as a project, and also when I joined Project as as manager, and it was really to me Um! I'd often found in this kind of connects, finally enough to a a a conversation that was on the previous part. I tried to about open infrastructure.", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00169-00231023-00232969": "Anne Lee Steele: How questions of things like connectivity are often so separate from those of computation in this case. How you know questions of open hardware and support systems needed to require it can often be very separate from questions of um support systems required for open source software. And so I see challenges. Um,", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00170-00232969-00235817": "Anne Lee Steele: I think I I go also back to the question of documentation and like, How do you make that much easier to do? And what um spaces and processes make that easier to do. But also i'll add. One other thing is that it seems like a lot of these questions are really tied to incentives on different scales. Um, one being, you know, incentives on institutional level, you know, kind of et cetera. But then there's also incentive. I mean to personal uh level kind. You talked about um.", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00171-00235817-00237703": "Anne Lee Steele: We talked about access to time just so can be very loud, dependent, but is also a structural question. And the question of education, Frank, that you mentioned um at the questions of all tied up within the wider structure of the intellectual property law that you've mentioned to, and Sunday going back to documentation. It's kind of a", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00172-00237704-00238998": "Anne Lee Steele: how can documentations? And with all of these things in mind, they are both, you know, interpersonal and institutional problems, but also try to our wire economic context", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00173-00239000-00240870": "Anne Lee Steele: and can can documentation be a tool to to be able to connect between the larger scale and the smaller scale? Um, Because oftentimes I feel like when I'm. In conversations where we ask questions about what are the challenges in changing the culture of science, it ultimately ties back to these much larger structural issues. One hundred and fifty.", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00174-00240939-00241235": "Anne Lee Steele: It's time in there That's it back to you.", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00175-00241246-00242423": "Julieta Arancio: That's super interesting. And, in fact, yeah, it is kind of a combination of both right, and how the incentives also once the microphone. Sorry you have a comment.", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00176-00242425-00243134": "Sarah Hutton (she/her): IOPA; UMass Amherst: Yeah, I do. Just speaking to that documentation piece, and you know, circling back to something that Frank was talking about", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00177-00243169-00244658": "Sarah Hutton (she/her): IOPA; UMass Amherst: with education and access, particularly in areas that are low or no bandwidth, and having access to information and being able to have that kind of communication within.", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00178-00244665-00246398": "Sarah Hutton (she/her): IOPA; UMass Amherst: I wanted to use an example of one of the the projects that I've worked on with with umass, and also shift it and a couple of other partners. I'll just drop a link and chat here just as an example where it's", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00179-00246432-00247375": "Sarah Hutton (she/her): IOPA; UMass Amherst: you know over the years. This is a peer-to-peer socioeconomic production model where it's basically just being able to provide", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00180-00247377-00249376": "Sarah Hutton (she/her): IOPA; UMass Amherst: you know that documentation, and that know how to be able to produce um items um locally with local materials, and it's Ah, it's something that has worked very well over the years within these, you know, within this research community and these communications we use", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00181-00249378-00250527": "Sarah Hutton (she/her): IOPA; UMass Amherst: um basically like, you know, just a a twitter account for people to request information. And we provide, you know, open educational content, ensuring that the licensing is okay and everything.", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00182-00250528-00251994": "Sarah Hutton (she/her): IOPA; UMass Amherst: And there are data couriers in Lao in that. Pick up the data and bring it to a classroom where there's a racial device that distributes all of that.", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00183-00252019-00253464": "Sarah Hutton (she/her): IOPA; UMass Amherst: But the thing is is that even though this is a well-known workable system, that's, allowing this transfer of information to go back and forth to be able to use recycle plastics and whatnot to build different devices.", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00184-00253509-00254940": "Sarah Hutton (she/her): IOPA; UMass Amherst: It is so. It has been incredibly challenging to get any funding and support from it from institutions, because it's not recognized. As you know it's. It goes back to that incentive, you know. Conversation about like,", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00185-00254941-00257116": "Sarah Hutton (she/her): IOPA; UMass Amherst: Why would you underwrite or support this? I mean, this is an incredible, very viable system, and it's just been fascinating to me that over the years, as we've approached funding it's. You know people Don't really conceptually understand it very well that that last mile of transfer to to pay for pay for data, transfer on handheld devices", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00186-00257117-00258940": "Sarah Hutton (she/her): IOPA; UMass Amherst: and compensate people for their time, the careers that run things back and forth. It's not understood as being part of an economically viable system. And So I see this happening. You know. This is just one example that it happens all the time where it's just like funders can't wrap their minds around them", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00187-00259026-00260354": "Julieta Arancio: absolutely. And I think you've made a very good point, and it leads us directly to the third question, and I wanted here to bring back something that Kerrian mentioned on how institutions universities", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00188-00260360-00263328": "Julieta Arancio: are really attracted to open hardware once they they see the potential impact. I will mention two to very concrete cases. So i'm starting this microscope. And this microscope is being used in a the hospital in Tanzania for setting up a local chain supply chain of microscopes in order to diagnose malaria faster and a more efficient way. If the microscope breaks down, then someone can be buried locally, and they don't have to rely on the support technical support, like overseas right, that is", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00189-00263330-00264838": "Julieta Arancio: prohibitively expensive. And that is kind of an impact story that is very appealing for universities. And, on the other hand, it is more efficient. Or if you have a pulse dog building, whatever device you're in the work,", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00190-00264850-00265825": "Julieta Arancio: you don't, you can rely on that work being available for the future that comes after, or for whoever comes into the lab next, because you are not", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00191-00265826-00267661": "Julieta Arancio: basically putting that in the drawer, just forget about it, and you have to restart all over again. And as Kavanaugh was mentioning reverse engineering and wasting so much time, so it also accelerates collaboration and science. So if we have this clear examples, and they repeat all over when you start learning about open, hard work,", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00192-00267767-00268620": "Julieta Arancio: we mentioned some of the reasons why it's still hard to get support. But I would like to ask a question to whoever wants to chime in.", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00193-00268650-00269424": "Julieta Arancio: How can How can institutions better support open hardware. What can we do about it? What can we ask institutions for", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00194-00269721-00269912": "healthy to on neutral zone?", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00195-00270317-00271048": "Frank: All right, So i'll say navigate perspective upset funding", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00196-00271113-00272082": "Frank: Fundamentally, It's a very important role in the open hardware practices, and I think if there is enough funding made available", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00197-00272110-00272460": "Frank: ease, the practice of bin laden or in Africa.", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00198-00272658-00272760": "Sanli Faez: Yeah,", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00199-00272761-00274107": "Sanli Faez: if I may continue, I'm not sure. I mean University would be the best place the maker spaces were mentioned. But I think one has to connect it to the, to the main activities at the University, if you want to take it over, and many activities of university, at least in", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00200-00274109-00275997": "Sanli Faez: uh research, universities, teaching steel and education. So if if the connection is made with teaching it's, a condition is made with the advantages we're teaching, it's not that difficult, and I would say, I mean It's not the only five places that we teaching. Every even the places like Mit also need to educate people like", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00201-00275998-00276505": "Sanli Faez: about about the value of making things yourself and open hardware.", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00202-00276522-00278713": "Sanli Faez: But I would say it's also demands for open other community to somehow it distance itself from the idealism if I compare it with the you know Linux time, I think we need a moment of the Ubudu time that you know even the people who are very happy with command line come, and they're very proud of that. Appreciate that. Maybe the general", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00203-00278714-00280995": "Sanli Faez: user wants other things sort of like uh, like convenient, like similarity, ease of use, so be able to do what the community really need, and be a bit more flexible, and reduce a bit like from the idealism. I mean the five percent uh progressives we already have with us. The question is how you're going to get the next twenty percent and the next sixty percent after that.", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00204-00281120-00281300": "Thank you. Sally. Sara:", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00205-00281301-00281759": "Sarah Hutton (she/her): IOPA; UMass Amherst: Yeah, yeah. I'm. Just, you know, following up on on family like", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00206-00281760-00282839": "Sarah Hutton (she/her): IOPA; UMass Amherst: it's to get into institutional involvement. Just two points first at getting institutions to pay attention for those who have not already jumped on board with open.", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00207-00282841-00283993": "Sarah Hutton (she/her): IOPA; UMass Amherst: A lot of it in this finances is really showing them how much money they can save, because, again, unfortunately, education is a business in many ways, and in you know, institutions like. Whenever we think about", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00208-00283994-00285396": "Sarah Hutton (she/her): IOPA; UMass Amherst: a liberal arts education, or a university. It's a it's a business fundamentally. And so if you look at something like open publishing and open educational resources, the pitch that is made to administration in in my experience always starts out with", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00209-00285398-00287349": "Sarah Hutton (she/her): IOPA; UMass Amherst: how much money are you going to save your students by providing open textbooks? That's not what I'm interested in. As a researcher, I'm. Interested in students being able to participate in the Knowledge Creation process and author their own educational process, but it's to sell to institutions is the money you're going to save.", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00210-00287351-00288356": "Sarah Hutton (she/her): IOPA; UMass Amherst: So far as on a practical level of how to incorporate a focus on open hardware", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00211-00288358-00290471": "Sarah Hutton (she/her): IOPA; UMass Amherst: been a part of building classes around that conceptually, and focusing on more of like a like that problem-based learning and experiential learning. Um for the student experience to build a course around it. You know. I was looking at the open flexure microscope as an example, putting together a user journey for testing some tooling,", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00212-00290472-00292179": "Sarah Hutton (she/her): IOPA; UMass Amherst: and was thinking about this, and you know there is such a great opportunity for institutions to serve at. You know they have the labs test, you know. Kick the tires on some of these designs, partner with a course partner with a program and have a unit within a course.", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00213-00292180-00293617": "Sarah Hutton (she/her): IOPA; UMass Amherst: How students try to replicate what you're trying to do. Do the ux testing for you give that information back. It gives the students the experience of learning about what open hardware is, they're doing very practical testing for you, and you can connect,", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00214-00293619-00295180": "Sarah Hutton (she/her): IOPA; UMass Amherst: you know, do an interdisciplinary connection between some of these engineering labs and technical documentation courses to be able to bring back really valuable content that can then be infused in the community and make it that kind of you know self-sustaining ecosystem", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00215-00295198-00296259": "Julieta Arancio: Absolutely, I think. Education. Well, that's what we're trying now to do with open power makers together like the University curriculum. Absolutely also um one. Many, many comments, because", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00216-00296278-00298210": "Julieta Arancio: I totally agree with education as a business, especially as you're talking from the Us. Which which makes absolute sense. But in in other parts of the world we'll submission. The mission of University, I think open Harvard can speak to that in terms of democratizing and access, so I think it's. It's both. It has strength in immigrants and and the Bangladesh.", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00217-00298212-00300911": "Sanli Faez: Yeah, and maybe I can have also that you Also, it's called cool. Uh, I would like to remind up to the Nasa, of course, uh transfer to full size, which unfortunately does not have open hardware as one of the tailors. So if people here on the education and open hardware. I would really recommend that you get involved in that program. Um! How cool it is that you can actually develop things for Nasa, And we use this opportunity to actually make education material standard with a very, very wide reach of ah institutional support.", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00218-00300999-00301108": "Thank you, Sally.", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00219-00301110-00301258": "Right? You want to.", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00220-00301260-00301389": "Oh, carry on.", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00221-00301424-00302568": "Frank: But yeah, I think our institution is um supports and um makers is also very important, especially in the people working on a community-driven", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00222-00302570-00303891": "Frank: project that impacts their community or also problems. Here in Africa we don't have. We don't have the luxury that most European countries Still, so everything, unfortunately comes down to", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00223-00303893-00306232": "Frank: funding, unfortunately. So I think. Um one. Um, i'm very strong at the funding part, because I think one of the major reasons why um open hardware and open is, is is down to funding. So if institutions are able to reverse these and are able to dedicate a percentage of,", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00224-00306233-00307428": "Frank: they are valuable to students who are working on the on committee-driven projects, or developing the project. That will also be a way of promoting a place", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00225-00307430-00307591": "Frank: the highway.", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00226-00307629-00307739": "Thanks for", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00227-00307740-00307909": "try and not want to", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00228-00307910-00308019": "at this time.", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00229-00308024-00309009": "Kerrianne Harrington: Yeah, I think what I would add is one of the major ones. If you want us to have them in the University, as postdocs should probably have some time for it,", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00230-00309013-00310484": "Kerrianne Harrington: and at a minute there is usually depending on the funding body some time put aside for career development, but that includes, like everything any side project you might want to have. If you've got consulting work, that kind of thing.", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00231-00310485-00313181": "Kerrianne Harrington: Um. So you know, if if if postdocs are going to share their work Um. As an open hardware project, and actually have time to document it, probably so that it can usually be taken up by other people. That's something that they need to have time to do, and it's also something that I think the more senior Academics need to understand, so that it can actually be recognized from people. Um. Because obviously in their career pub would have been.", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00232-00313183-00314585": "Kerrianne Harrington: If it stays in academia, it gets your publication, or you patent it, or you go into a business kind of thing. It's not something that you know. Your supervisor, or someone like that might actually be familiar with. So a little bit of", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00233-00314633-00316269": "Julieta Arancio: helping it actually be recognized. What it is, what is happening, Why, it's good to do, and so that if people do do it, it's something that can actually be seen as an output, and whereas minute it might just be like, Oh, no, don't do that. You know It's that's a waste of your time.", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00234-00316270-00316489": "Kerrianne Harrington: Can I react to that quickly?", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00235-00316490-00318242": "Sanli Faez: Yeah. Yeah. So I mean here on the issue of postdoc. You should also remember that it's also sharing with the world is also sharing with your future self when you are not working at university, and you know license is implicit. So if you do not put a license, and we have a lot of documentation without the license", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00236-00318244-00320218": "Sanli Faez: which by definition becomes university-owned, just putting a license, and it's really really are reading, putting those few words behind below your documentation, which at the time that you're doing doesn't really raise any eyebrows or any opposition can help a lot. So just learn about creative comments and do that as a service yourself", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00237-00320220-00320379": "Julieta Arancio: and open hardware licenses.", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00238-00320380-00321107": "Julieta Arancio: Absolutely. Yeah, and it's going to kill me, but i'm going to give thirty seconds thirty seconds to Sarah.", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00239-00321156-00321299": "Sarah Hutton (she/her): IOPA; UMass Amherst: Thank you.", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00240-00321300-00324144": "Sarah Hutton (she/her): IOPA; UMass Amherst: Um! And also just following up on that um educating folks about all metrics and um, and how to to take a look at like what your impact factor is outside of the traditional ten year promotion system, because that's where all comes back to policy that you know you're beholden as a post-doctor beholden as a faculty member to follow this prescriptive algorithm that is, in the policy of the accrediting bodies for these institutions. And so", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00241-00324146-00324811": "Sarah Hutton (she/her): IOPA; UMass Amherst: that's where you need your friends in legal and policy analysis to get in there and change the blueprint of the institution,", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00242-00324844-00325185": "Julieta Arancio: and before moving on to an I'm. Going to say that", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00243-00325186-00327709": "Julieta Arancio: Nasa unfortunately doesn't have open hardware in in the the tops program, but Unesco has included open how we're in the open science recommendation from twenty twenty one, and that's a huge milestone for some people get behind, and I am totally here to, and the gathering program and science hardware community is also here to help everyone who wants to start a doctoral and how we're doing science programs. So now, and", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00244-00327710-00327868": "Julieta Arancio: four years.", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00245-00328076-00331063": "Anne Lee Steele: Thank you all so so much. I know we're just at the top of the hour. Um, I will say that this definitely has made me think that this time that we have it's just too far too short to address everything that we wanted to talk about, and I feel like it does so much tied to the to kind of connect back to the title of the talk which is connecting open", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00246-00331064-00332419": "Anne Lee Steele: and for open hardware to be a part of that movement to make sure that all of these different practices, and all of these different and all these different incentives enabled that process. So with that mind I will be", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00247-00332421-00335186": "Anne Lee Steele: closing off for turning off the recording. But thank you so much for everyone for joining. If you'd like to suggest another topic for a future fireside chat, Find him in the pad. Get in touch with me um through. Slack your email a message here. If you want to correspond to the next five. Chat with us. Um, that's even better. Now this event was co-sponsored by my open hardware makers. Thank you so so much, really uh for this wonderful people together", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00248-00335188-00336834": "Anne Lee Steele: um to speak about so many different parts and elements uh related to our hardware. I've definitely learned a lot today, and there's also very much uh co-developed through conversations with all of the speakers that are the best today. Thank you So much for your time. Um, and also for your experience and our expertise. Um!", "a2XFuXEK_bg-00249-00336836-00338211": "Anne Lee Steele: I will turn off the recording here. Um! And as we said at the beginning of the call, we will leave it open for open Q. And A. If anyone has any questions or like to bring anything to the report. Thanks again. So much for joining us, and i'm going to turn it on."}}, {"audio_id": "a31Ms6L5YvU", "text": {"a31Ms6L5YvU-00000-00000000-00001003": "You are currently viewing:  Scarp Hollows \"Cheese\""}}, {"audio_id": "a35rUd74BnM", "text": {"a35rUd74BnM-00000-00000000-00000316": "(gentle guitar music)", "a35rUd74BnM-00001-00000520-00000730": "- This key can help you identify 69", "a35rUd74BnM-00002-00000730-00001003": "of the most common native trees found in Alabama.", "a35rUd74BnM-00003-00001003-00001114": "Keys such as this one,", "a35rUd74BnM-00004-00001114-00001308": "which is based on a series of choices", "a35rUd74BnM-00005-00001308-00001634": "between two statements, are called dichotomous keys.", "a35rUd74BnM-00006-00001634-00001994": "This key was designed for use during the growing season.", "a35rUd74BnM-00007-00001994-00002297": "Therefore, leaf characteristics are the primary features", "a35rUd74BnM-00008-00002297-00002479": "used for identification.", "a35rUd74BnM-00009-00002479-00002598": "So let's go out to the truck", "a35rUd74BnM-00010-00002598-00002850": "and see what samples we've collected from around the house.", "a35rUd74BnM-00011-00002850-00003134": "- So the first thing we wanna talk about is leaf tops.", "a35rUd74BnM-00012-00003134-00003304": "First leaf I'm gonna talk about is a simple leaf.", "a35rUd74BnM-00013-00003304-00003586": "Just one simple leaf, is what it is.", "a35rUd74BnM-00014-00004052-00004281": "Then you got your compound leaves.", "a35rUd74BnM-00015-00004281-00004481": "This whole thing right here is the leaf.", "a35rUd74BnM-00016-00004565-00004896": "These little leaflets make up the entire leaf.", "a35rUd74BnM-00017-00005048-00005415": "Then you got your twice pinnately compound leaf.", "a35rUd74BnM-00018-00005415-00005619": "This whole thing is a leaf.", "a35rUd74BnM-00019-00005619-00005837": "These are the leaflets.", "a35rUd74BnM-00020-00005837-00006002": "They all make up the single leaf.", "a35rUd74BnM-00021-00006174-00006344": "- [Jay] And one more we can talk about this,", "a35rUd74BnM-00022-00006344-00006537": "and we don't have a buckeye,", "a35rUd74BnM-00023-00006537-00006788": "but you see the palmately compound leaf.", "a35rUd74BnM-00024-00006788-00006998": "It all starts from one point there,", "a35rUd74BnM-00025-00006998-00007118": "your leaflets coming out.", "a35rUd74BnM-00026-00007118-00007511": "So that's one more leaf type you might have in your yard.", "a35rUd74BnM-00027-00007656-00007922": "And now we're gonna show you a leaf arrangement.", "a35rUd74BnM-00028-00007922-00008142": "You have alternate and opposite.", "a35rUd74BnM-00029-00008142-00008349": "Show 'em what alternate is there, Drew.", "a35rUd74BnM-00030-00008349-00008541": "- [Drew] This is an example of an alternate leaf.", "a35rUd74BnM-00031-00008541-00008804": "See they're not on the same side of the leaf.", "a35rUd74BnM-00032-00008804-00009110": "They're not completely opposite of each other.", "a35rUd74BnM-00033-00009110-00009229": "- [Jay] They're alternate.", "a35rUd74BnM-00034-00009315-00009542": "- [Drew] But then you have opposite leaves", "a35rUd74BnM-00035-00009542-00009654": "that are right across from each other,", "a35rUd74BnM-00036-00009654-00009754": "across the stem.", "a35rUd74BnM-00037-00010415-00010723": "- [Jay] Now we're going to talk", "a35rUd74BnM-00038-00010723-00010942": "about some of the leaf shapes.", "a35rUd74BnM-00039-00010942-00011442": "We have a heart-shaped right here in front of us.", "a35rUd74BnM-00040-00011672-00011825": "Heart-shaped.", "a35rUd74BnM-00041-00011825-00012108": "Linear-shaped, which would be a willow oak,", "a35rUd74BnM-00042-00012213-00012609": "and that is a linear-shape, kind of a long slender leaf.", "a35rUd74BnM-00043-00012730-00012945": "Spatula-shaped, which is a water oak.", "a35rUd74BnM-00044-00013038-00013230": "See how it's kinda spatula-shaped.", "a35rUd74BnM-00045-00013313-00013540": "And then you have bell-shaped,", "a35rUd74BnM-00046-00013540-00013994": "which would be your southern red oak,", "a35rUd74BnM-00047-00013994-00014393": "and that is your bell-shaped right there.", "a35rUd74BnM-00048-00014538-00014655": "- [Drew] It's serrated on the edges.", "a35rUd74BnM-00049-00014655-00014784": "You see that?", "a35rUd74BnM-00050-00014784-00014869": "- [Jay] Yup.", "a35rUd74BnM-00051-00014869-00015283": "We have needle-like leaf shapes, like your pine tree here,", "a35rUd74BnM-00052-00015377-00015471": "and a star-shaped.", "a35rUd74BnM-00053-00015844-00016066": "There you see the sweet gum.", "a35rUd74BnM-00054-00016378-00016633": "Now we're gonna talk about leaf edges.", "a35rUd74BnM-00055-00016633-00016880": "Drew, tell us what you've got here.", "a35rUd74BnM-00056-00016880-00017062": "- [Drew] The first one we have right here is smooth.", "a35rUd74BnM-00057-00017062-00017313": "See, there's no margins on the edge of the leaf right there.", "a35rUd74BnM-00058-00017497-00017837": "Second one we have is double serrated.", "a35rUd74BnM-00059-00017973-00018267": "See the double saw blade right there, saw blade leaf?", "a35rUd74BnM-00060-00018392-00018747": "Next one is just a single serrated leaf, like that.", "a35rUd74BnM-00061-00019124-00019282": "Then we have lobed.", "a35rUd74BnM-00062-00019388-00019531": "It's common in most oak trees.", "a35rUd74BnM-00063-00019531-00019763": "- [Jay] Yeah, leaf shape there is a lobed.", "a35rUd74BnM-00064-00019763-00019895": "This is a white oak.", "a35rUd74BnM-00065-00020073-00020336": "- [Drew] Kinda see the lobes right there?", "a35rUd74BnM-00066-00020336-00020512": "And then we have unlobed,", "a35rUd74BnM-00067-00020512-00020857": "which'll be like a black cherry like this right here.", "a35rUd74BnM-00068-00020857-00020947": "- [Jay] Also, what you can do", "a35rUd74BnM-00069-00020947-00021078": "is you can write in your journal", "a35rUd74BnM-00070-00021078-00021196": "they talked about earlier in the week", "a35rUd74BnM-00071-00021196-00021426": "about all the benefits we get from trees", "a35rUd74BnM-00072-00021426-00021762": "and how trees and animals,", "a35rUd74BnM-00073-00021762-00021931": "that it's kind of a symbiotic relationship.", "a35rUd74BnM-00074-00021931-00022109": "What do the trees get from having", "a35rUd74BnM-00075-00022109-00022256": "birds and squirrels around here?", "a35rUd74BnM-00076-00022256-00022573": "What do the birds and squirrels get from the trees?", "a35rUd74BnM-00077-00022573-00022839": "So find out what your trees are in your backyard", "a35rUd74BnM-00078-00022839-00022949": "and have fun doing it."}}, {"audio_id": "a3_8EkCSFZY", "text": {"a3_8EkCSFZY-00000-00000000-00001297": "Welcome to my channel Tomas in the kitchen. Today we will cook salty cheese sticks", "a3_8EkCSFZY-00001-00001604-00003306": "Ingredients: 500g all purpose flour, 125g grated parmesan, 125g grated gouda, 250g butter, 2tsp salt, 1tsp hot paprika, 1tsp black pepper, 1tbsp vinegar, 6tbsp water", "a3_8EkCSFZY-00002-00003899-00005994": "combine ingredients, save half of cheese for later", "a3_8EkCSFZY-00003-00008810-00009807": "knead dough well and let it rest for 30 min", "a3_8EkCSFZY-00004-00019818-00022514": "roll out the dough to 2-3 mm thickness", "a3_8EkCSFZY-00005-00026409-00028609": "cut out the sticks", "a3_8EkCSFZY-00006-00039582-00040282": "rub with beaten egg", "a3_8EkCSFZY-00007-00042396-00043594": "add almonds or peanuts and sprinkle with sea salt", "a3_8EkCSFZY-00008-00044581-00046777": "add rest of grated cheese on the top", "a3_8EkCSFZY-00009-00050146-00052041": "Bake at 200°C for about 25-30 min until crispy. Serve as snack, enjoy"}}, {"audio_id": "a3JMunPULAM", "text": {"a3JMunPULAM-00000-00000010-00000063": "CAMBRIDGE SQUEAKS OUT A WIN OVER", "a3JMunPULAM-00001-00000063-00000070": "CAMBRIDGE SQUEAKS OUT A WIN OVER", "a3JMunPULAM-00002-00000070-00001181": "CAMBRIDGE SQUEAKS OUT A WIN OVER BRAINERD 57-55.", "a3JMunPULAM-00003-00001181-00001187": "CAMBRIDGE SQUEAKS OUT A WIN OVER BRAINERD 57-55.", "a3JMunPULAM-00004-00001187-00001488": "CAMBRIDGE SQUEAKS OUT A WIN OVER BRAINERD 57-55. >> THIS GAME IS ALL WARROAD.", "a3JMunPULAM-00005-00001488-00001494": "BRAINERD 57-55. >> THIS GAME IS ALL WARROAD.", "a3JMunPULAM-00006-00001494-00001658": "BRAINERD 57-55. >> THIS GAME IS ALL WARROAD. LATER WARROAD WITH THE GREAT", "a3JMunPULAM-00007-00001658-00001664": ">> THIS GAME IS ALL WARROAD. LATER WARROAD WITH THE GREAT", "a3JMunPULAM-00008-00001664-00001838": ">> THIS GAME IS ALL WARROAD. LATER WARROAD WITH THE GREAT  FEED, WHO SCORES TOP SHELF.", "a3JMunPULAM-00009-00001838-00001845": "LATER WARROAD WITH THE GREAT  FEED, WHO SCORES TOP SHELF.", "a3JMunPULAM-00010-00001845-00002182": "LATER WARROAD WITH THE GREAT  FEED, WHO SCORES TOP SHELF. WARRIORS UP 3-NOTHING.", "a3JMunPULAM-00011-00002182-00002188": "FEED, WHO SCORES TOP SHELF. WARRIORS UP 3-NOTHING.", "a3JMunPULAM-00012-00002188-00002455": "FEED, WHO SCORES TOP SHELF. WARRIORS UP 3-NOTHING. CORNELIUS HAS THE OPEN PUCK, ALL", "a3JMunPULAM-00013-00002455-00002462": "WARRIORS UP 3-NOTHING. CORNELIUS HAS THE OPEN PUCK, ALL", "a3JMunPULAM-00014-00002462-00002812": "WARRIORS UP 3-NOTHING. CORNELIUS HAS THE OPEN PUCK, ALL ALONE WITH THE GOALIE.", "a3JMunPULAM-00015-00002812-00002819": "CORNELIUS HAS THE OPEN PUCK, ALL ALONE WITH THE GOALIE.", "a3JMunPULAM-00016-00002819-00002952": "CORNELIUS HAS THE OPEN PUCK, ALL ALONE WITH THE GOALIE. WARRIORS UP.", "a3JMunPULAM-00017-00002952-00002959": "ALONE WITH THE GOALIE. WARRIORS UP.", "a3JMunPULAM-00018-00002959-00003153": "ALONE WITH THE GOALIE. WARRIORS UP. THEY SHOW THEIR PASSING FROM", "a3JMunPULAM-00019-00003153-00003159": "WARRIORS UP. THEY SHOW THEIR PASSING FROM", "a3JMunPULAM-00020-00003159-00003306": "WARRIORS UP. THEY SHOW THEIR PASSING FROM  BEHIND AS THE BACK OF THE NET IS", "a3JMunPULAM-00021-00003306-00003313": "THEY SHOW THEIR PASSING FROM  BEHIND AS THE BACK OF THE NET IS", "a3JMunPULAM-00022-00003313-00003440": "THEY SHOW THEIR PASSING FROM  BEHIND AS THE BACK OF THE NET IS FOUND.", "a3JMunPULAM-00023-00003440-00003446": "BEHIND AS THE BACK OF THE NET IS FOUND.", "a3JMunPULAM-00024-00003446-00003490": "BEHIND AS THE BACK OF THE NET IS FOUND. WARROAD TOOK THIS ONE BIG"}}, {"audio_id": "a3QyMlbKDvo", "text": {"a3QyMlbKDvo-00000-00000000-00000540": "This is \"Understanding Your Religion- The Seven Major Doctrines That\"", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00001-00000540-00000996": "\"Define Christianity.\" This is lesson number one in that series. The title", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00002-00000996-00001857": "of this lesson is \"Why Study Doctrine?\"  Why even have a class like this?", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00003-00001857-00002325": "Why should we even bother? Because some people say love is all you need,", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00004-00002325-00002660": "like the song, just as long as you love you don't need anything else,", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00005-00002660-00003128": "if you love people.  Why stay doctrine? Doctrine causes fights,", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00006-00003128-00003707": "causes division. So I think the first class we need to talk about or answer", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00007-00003707-00004335": "that question. The reason that we do and we say the things that we do and say, as", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00008-00004335-00004932": "Christians, as members of the Church of Christ, is because we believe in, accept", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00009-00004932-00005451": "that's true, certain teachings. Teaching, doctrines, same ideas. Whenever I talk", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00010-00005451-00005700": "about doctrine I'm talking about teachings. Whenever I'm talking about", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00011-00005700-00006201": "teachings I'm talking about doctrine.  So what we say and do as Christians are", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00012-00006201-00006629": "based on the things we've been taught, the things that we accept concerning our", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00013-00006629-00007158": "faith; how we live our lives,  why are we immersed in water instead of", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00014-00007158-00007725": "sprinkled, why we use grape juice and the crackers for", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00015-00007725-00008397": "communion, how we feel about death, our attitude, what motivates our effort to", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00016-00008397-00008871": "control our various human impulses. I want to do this thing and", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00017-00008871-00009236": "something tells me I shouldn't do that. Who tells me I shouldn't do", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00018-00009236-00009765": "that thing or I should be doing something else? So all of these actions", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00019-00009765-00010211": "and more based squarely on the instructions or the \"doctrines\" we", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00020-00010211-00011114": "believe come from God contained in the Bible. A lot of times however, we know", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00021-00011114-00011525": "and deal more with the end result. In other words, we talk more about the", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00022-00011525-00011850": "actions. You shouldn't do this. You shouldn't do that. You should do this. You", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00023-00011850-00012254": "should get into the habit of doing that. You should have this attitude.", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00024-00012254-00012891": "We talked about the end result that is created by the doctrine rather", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00025-00012891-00013371": "than the doctrine itself.  This class is not going to be,", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00026-00013371-00013710": "to do this you should do that. You should try harder. This class is not", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00027-00013710-00014483": "about that. This class is about the why. Why? What teaching have we received and", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00028-00014483-00015057": "accepted that moves us to that particular action. We're going to", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00029-00015057-00015633": "examine the reasons we do what we do and we say what we say. In this class", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00030-00015633-00016041": "we're going to study the great or the fundamental instructions upon which our", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00031-00016041-00016785": "faith is founded. In the Bible  you want teachings?  There's", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00032-00016785-00017418": "hundreds of them on all kinds of topics; teachings on the Levitical priesthood,", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00033-00017418-00017763": "teaching about food laws, teaching about worship, teaching about church", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00034-00017763-00018111": "organization. It goes on and on and on and on. You'd think this", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00035-00018111-00018707": "class would last five years, there's so many teachings in the Bible.", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00036-00018707-00019517": "In this class we're gonna try to reduce those down to seven major", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00037-00019517-00020319": "doctrines. There are seven of them upon which our faith is based and seven that", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00038-00020319-00020793": "explained pretty much all the others. So before we begin to study the", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00039-00020793-00021420": "actual doctrines in an orderly manner we should ask ourselves, why is the", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00040-00021420-00022095": "course important? A couple of reasons for that. The course is important because", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00041-00022095-00022956": "Jesus commanded it, because Jesus commanded it. In Matthew 28:20, to His", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00042-00022956-00023325": "Apostles, He gives them the Great Commission, to go preach the", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00043-00023325-00023844": "gospel to all nations. Then He says, \"teaching them to observe all that I\"", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00044-00023844-00024321": "\"commanded you; and lo, I am with you always, even to the end of the age.\" So why", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00045-00024321-00024866": "should I study doctrine? Jesus says you need to know it. You need to obey it.", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00046-00024866-00025449": "So part of the process of making disciples is to teach them the words of", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00047-00025449-00025947": "Christ and then encourage them to obey it. I think one of the", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00048-00025947-00026414": "things that we miss out sometimes is we teach the doctrines but we lack the", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00049-00026414-00027252": "effort of encouraging people to obey the things that they learn. So we", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00050-00027252-00027689": "study the doctrines of the Bible to understand God's purpose in sending", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00051-00027689-00028383": "Jesus and Christ's purpose and sending the Apostles. So major Christian doctrine", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00052-00028383-00028940": "is another way of saying the teachings of Christ. He said teach them all the", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00053-00028940-00029358": "things that I have commanded you, to obey all the things that I commanded you. So", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00054-00029358-00029990": "this class here is really a follow-up to what Jesus is saying in Matthew 28. We're", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00055-00029990-00030641": "trying to teach the church, this group here anyways, the teachings of Christ, the", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00056-00030641-00031028": "basic teachings of Christ. You know what? You'll be surprised what those", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00057-00031028-00031612": "are. When I ask people, name me a major Christian doctrine. They'll say", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00058-00031612-00032169": "marriage and divorce, that's not a major Christian doctrine. There's a teaching", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00059-00032169-00032508": "on marriage and divorce, there is one, but that's not a major Christian doctrine at", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00060-00032508-00032931": "all. Then, we should go to church every Sunday. That's not a major Christian", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00061-00032931-00033549": "doctrine. That the men should be the one who are elders, that's not a major", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00062-00033549-00034028": "Christian doctrine. That's a teaching but it's not a major doctrine. So we're also going to", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00063-00034028-00034655": "put things into perspective here as to what are major", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00064-00034655-00035309": "doctrines. Another reason why we study, because there's a lot of false teaching", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00065-00035309-00036000": "going on. There were many early warnings that the method that Satan", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00066-00036000-00036563": "would use to destroy the church and destroy the faith of many was through", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00067-00036563-00037541": "the teaching of false doctrine. In Romans 16:17 and 18, Paul is saying, \"For such men\"", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00068-00037541-00038040": "\"are slaves, not of our Lord Christ but of their own appetites; and by their smooth\"", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00069-00038040-00038915": "\"and flattering speech they deceive the hearts of the unsuspecting.\" During that", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00070-00038915-00039437": "time there were many who purposefully taught false things to confuse the", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00071-00039437-00039887": "Brethren and it was one of the things that I found really difficult to accept.", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00072-00039887-00040524": "Maybe I was just naive. I always found it difficult to", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00073-00040524-00041004": "accept, that there are people in the world that actually teach wrong things", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00074-00041004-00041594": "and they know they're teaching wrong things. They're doing it in order to", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00075-00041594-00042231": "profit or to get power or to have some sort of hold over people or", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00076-00042231-00042780": "they don't care. I always approach the thing, everyone's sincere. I guess they're", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00077-00042780-00043329": "just making a sincere mistake. Yes, of course, we all", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00078-00043329-00043680": "make mistakes. I make... Everybody makes mistakes, even in teaching we make", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00079-00043680-00044070": "mistakes. That's why we should study the Word and continue to do so in order to", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00080-00044070-00044538": "grow in our knowledge. But there are some people who actually do it in", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00081-00044538-00045342": "order to confuse, as Paul says, and to deceive the hearts of the", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00082-00045342-00046071": "unsuspecting. How are we to test, if we don't know? First John", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00083-00046071-00046872": "chapter 4:1, John says, we are to \"test the spirits\". \"Test the spirits...\"", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00084-00046872-00047433": "Spirits, meaning, the prophets, the teachers, test them. How do we test", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00085-00047433-00047856": "them? We test them by figuring out... The first question I ask,", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00086-00047856-00048216": "somebody knocks at the door wants to talk to me about religion, especially", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00087-00048216-00048690": "about the Christian religion, the first thing I asked them, who is Jesus? I don't", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00088-00048690-00049074": "ask him what church do you go to and what do you believe? I just asked him, who is", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00089-00049074-00049626": "Jesus? Because that's always the beginning of the false doctrine.", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00090-00049626-00050094": "It always begins with who Christ is. He's this, He's that. He's", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00091-00050094-00050511": "something less than God or He's something. He's God but He's not man. He's", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00092-00050511-00050964": "man but He's not God. He didn't suffer as a man. His", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00093-00050964-00051345": "spirit left His body before the crucifixion. All kinds of", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00094-00051345-00051975": "variations on who Jesus is. So from the very beginning the Bible tells us", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00095-00051975-00052674": "test the spirits. Not everybody is out there purposefully telling the truth,", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00096-00052674-00053475": "some are trying to do damage. In 2nd Timothy 4:3 Paul says, \"For the time\"", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00097-00053475-00053841": "\"will come when they will not endure sound doctrine; but wanting to have their ears\"", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00098-00053841-00054294": "\"tickled, they will accumulate for themselves teachers in accordance to\"", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00099-00054294-00054978": "\"their own desires.\" People often want to hear what pleases them instead of the truth.", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00100-00054978-00055527": "In our society today probably the thing that is most evident in that is", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00101-00055527-00056214": "the gay rights movement.  You have churches that now", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00102-00056214-00056853": "accept and perform weddings between men or weddings between women, gay", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00103-00056853-00057471": "weddings and that puts a sign that says, gays are welcome", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00104-00057471-00058179": "here. They're welcome without change. They're welcome in pursuing their own", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00105-00058179-00058629": "personal lifestyle. We won't say anything about that from the pulpit. It's actually", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00106-00058629-00059366": "okay. Of course, someone who struggles with same-sex issues,", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00107-00059366-00060170": "homosexuals, they're welcome here too. We'll love them, encourage them, support them,", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00108-00060170-00060873": "but we won't support the lifestyle. We'll encourage them to deal with that as a", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00109-00060873-00061677": "sinful impulse using all the tools that God gives us to deal with any sinful", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00110-00061677-00062451": "impulse. So it's nothing new  that religious leaders will compromise", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00111-00062451-00063003": "what the scriptures say in order to please a particular group.", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00112-00063003-00063441": "That's a big one. But sometimes preachers won't call", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00113-00063441-00063905": "the sin that the richest guy in the church has happening to be guilty", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00114-00063905-00064611": "of, maybe the guy who puts in the biggest money in the pot on Sunday has a", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00115-00064611-00065117": "girlfriend. That's a bit of an open secret.", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00116-00065117-00065556": "This is aside from his wife and nobody will say anything because they don't", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00117-00065556-00066087": "want to jeopardize... that might be a little closer to home. Sometimes we", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00118-00066087-00066507": "won't call the things from the pulpit that are going on with members", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00119-00066507-00067250": "who perhaps are powerful or rich or perhaps have leadership positions.", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00120-00067250-00067800": "Second Timothy chapter 2:16, it says, \"But avoid worldly and empty chatter, for\"", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00121-00067800-00068225": "\"it will lead to further ungodliness, and their talk will spread like gangrene.\"", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00122-00068225-00069078": "\"Among them are Hymenaeus and Philetus,\". So false teachers spread false information", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00123-00069078-00070059": "about existing facts in order to produce confusion. In my experience, a", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00124-00070059-00070542": "false idea starts in a classroom, an idea, one gets it, another one gets. I remember", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00125-00070542-00070938": "when I was working at Oklahoma Christian they wanted to do small groups. Small", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00126-00070938-00071352": "groups became the big thing. All of a sudden everybody was wanting to be in a", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00127-00071352-00071762": "small group. So they started these small groups, independent,", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00128-00071762-00072159": "anybody who wanted a small group could have one in their dorm room.", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00129-00072159-00072623": "They had dozens of small groups. Nobody was in charge.", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00130-00072623-00073107": "Nobody was overseeing it. It was going for a while, until all of a", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00131-00073107-00073671": "sudden one of the small groups started speaking in tongues. Lo and behold, oh", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00132-00073671-00074358": "we've got the gift and that spread to another group. The elders", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00133-00074358-00074760": "and the leaders had to step in and say, whoop. Stop. Let's sit down. Let's talk.", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00134-00074760-00075381": "Let's study the scripture. Just like a lie, you know the old story? A lie", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00135-00075381-00075723": "it goes around the world before the truth has got a chance to put their pants", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00136-00075723-00076035": "on. Something like that. Same thing with bad doctrine and bad", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00137-00076035-00076485": "teaching. It starts, sometimes innocently, an idea, discussion, but boy when it takes", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00138-00076485-00077058": "off it really takes off and if you're in a congregation, that don't have elders or", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00139-00077058-00077468": "experienced leaders, a lot of times that's the demise of that church.", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00140-00077468-00078072": "It'll create division. Then in Acts chapter 20 he says, \"Be on guard for\"", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00141-00078072-00078393": "\"yourselves and for all the flock, among which the Holy Spirit has made you\"", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00142-00078393-00078879": "\"overseers, to shepherd the church of God which He purchased with His own blood.\" He", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00143-00078879-00079353": "says, \"I know that after my departure savage wolves will come in among you, not\"", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00144-00079353-00079840": "\"sparing the flock; and from among your own selves men will\"", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00145-00079840-00080440": "\"arise, speaking perverse things, to draw away the disciples after them.\" So Paul, in", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00146-00080440-00080839": "the very first century, just as the church is established, not many years", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00147-00080839-00081343": "after its establishment, he warns the existing leadership that even church", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00148-00081343-00081817": "leaders will be guilty of this sin either by ignorance or malice. \"Be on\"", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00149-00081817-00082192": "\"guard\" he says, even from your circle, never mind people coming in from the outside,", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00150-00082192-00082693": "be on guard, people from the inside will fall away. Remember, we talked", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00151-00082693-00082972": "about that, apostasy. Apostasy is falling away from", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00152-00082972-00083461": "an existing standard. There'll be an apostasy. So we need to study doctrines", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00153-00083461-00083812": "so we can know the difference between what is correct and what is false.", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00154-00083812-00084355": "We need to know it for ourselves because we're bombarded by ideas. Today we have", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00155-00084355-00084811": "access to more information in ten minutes than 50 years or a hundred years", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00156-00084811-00085542": "ago, then people had access to in their entire lifetime. I had a", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00157-00085542-00085987": "theological question, I was asking myself the other day about that, about", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00158-00085987-00086359": "the nature of God, the Trinity. It was a complex idea.", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00159-00086359-00086824": "I don't want to go into it, just the idea. So I went to Google and I typed in, not", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00160-00086824-00087496": "just a word, I typed in an entire long, 15 word sentence explaining the", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00161-00087496-00087964": "question that I was asking concerning the Trinity and the nature of God.", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00162-00087964-00088876": "A big long sentence, bang! A whole list of papers, websites, thesis,", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00163-00088876-00089698": "whatever, that address that very question. 50 years ago", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00164-00089698-00090196": "you had to go to the library and get a book and look at this microfiche.", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00165-00090196-00090601": "Remember? Anybody know even what that means, microfiche? You'd have", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00166-00090601-00091132": "to hunt and hunt and hunt.  I've got more material to read on it that", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00167-00091132-00091858": "I have time. So we are bombarded with so much information today. We need to", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00168-00091858-00092401": "understand our own religion and the basic teachings of our religion if we're", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00169-00092401-00093026": "not just carried away. So Jesus said the", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00170-00093026-00093584": "the best way to examine teaching is to compare it to His own words, because", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00171-00093584-00094223": "it will be His word that will judge in the end. He says that, \"He who rejects\"", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00172-00094223-00094673": "\"Me, does not receive My sayings, has one who judges him; the Word I spoke is what\"", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00173-00094673-00095183": "\"will judge him on the last day.\" We want to be confident in judgment. It's not", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00174-00095183-00095735": "just a question of morality. People who are not confident of", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00175-00095735-00096350": "their religion, it's not, or of their salvation, it's not because the", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00176-00096350-00096818": "morality of their lives is high or low. The blood of Christ wipes away all sin", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00177-00096818-00097319": "small ones and big ones. Usually they're unsure of their salvation because", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00178-00097319-00097664": "they're unsure of the doctrine, the teaching. They're not solid in the", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00179-00097664-00098117": "teaching. If you're solid in the teaching then you're solid also in your", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00180-00098117-00098564": "confidence. If you're solid in your confidence about your salvation you have", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00181-00098564-00098996": "the courage to do things and say things and step out and live", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00182-00098996-00099494": "courageously because you're standing on a firm foundation.", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00183-00099494-00100289": "Another reason we study doctrine and I've mentioned it already. False doctrine", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00184-00100289-00100808": "causes problems in our personal lives as well as our corporate lives. For example,", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00185-00100808-00101456": "it divides us. Again Paul says, \"If anyone advocates a different doctrine and does\"", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00186-00101456-00101902": "\"not agree with sound words, those of our Lord Jesus Christ, and with the doctrine\"", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00187-00101902-00102416": "\"conforming to godliness,  he is conceited and understands nothing;\"", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00188-00102416-00102797": "\"but he has a morbid interest in controversial questions and disputes\"", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00189-00102797-00103478": "\"about words, out of which arise envy, strife, abusive language, evil suspicions,\"", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00190-00103478-00103973": "\"and constant friction between men of depraved mind and deprived of the truth,\"", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00191-00103973-00104801": "\"who suppose that godliness is a means of gain.\" So Paul, unequivocally,", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00192-00104801-00105377": "he's not mincing any words here. It divides the", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00193-00105377-00105896": "church. People will align with different teachers. These will be fighting", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00194-00105896-00106435": "among the Brethren over the false teaching.", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00195-00106435-00106966": "Why do you think in our Bible program, not in the children's classes, it's exactly the", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00196-00106966-00107450": "opposite in the children's classes, we want stability. It's a good thing that", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00197-00107450-00108064": "those wonderful, mostly women, those wonderful sisters in Christ invest years,", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00198-00108064-00108592": "many times, teaching certain classes. Why do we allow them to stay there and", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00199-00108592-00109088": "encourage them? Because we want stability in that portion of our program. The kids", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00200-00109088-00109508": "come. They go from one class. They have sister so-and-so who teaches them and", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00201-00109508-00109828": "then they they go to the next class. They look forward to having the next teacher", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00202-00109828-00110152": "because that teacher's been there and they're excited for class", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00203-00110152-00110594": "change. Stability and having the same personnel there builds trust and", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00204-00110594-00111173": "confidence in children. This is a safe place. This is a good place. God bless", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00205-00111173-00111616": "all those wonderful people that work in that program. In the adult side we do it", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00206-00111616-00112030": "a little differently. We mix it up constantly. Why? We don't want one teacher", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00207-00112030-00112598": "teaching the same people all the time. We want people to be exposed to different", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00208-00112598-00113096": "people, different teachers, different points of view to expand their minds, to", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00209-00113096-00113570": "expand their understanding. Every teacher has a style. People say,", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00210-00113570-00113854": "you and Marty is so different in your style. I understand what they're saying.", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00211-00113854-00114334": "I'm lecture style. That's just  36 years of preaching. This is my style.", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00212-00114334-00114808": "It's what I do. Marty, he's discussion style. He's comfortable in that. He's good", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00213-00114808-00115274": "at that too. He knows how to just get people talking and keep the thread", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00214-00115274-00115676": "of the idea going all the way through and then managed to wrap it up", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00215-00115676-00116155": "at the end. That's a skill that he has that I don't necessarily possess, but", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00216-00116155-00116558": "that's okay. You all get a chance to be in my class, sometimes his class. Dayton,", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00217-00116558-00116988": "probably the guy who knows the Bible the best in the entire church.", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00218-00116988-00117502": "We want people to be exposed to his wisdom and his understanding and his", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00219-00117502-00118264": "knowledge and other adult teachers that we have as well. Why study", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00220-00118264-00118879": "doctrine? False doctrine causes problems. It divides. It also makes us prisoners of", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00221-00118879-00119747": "false ideas. In Galatians chapter 2:4 Paul says, \"But it was because of the\"", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00222-00119747-00119972": "\"false brethren secretly brought in, who had\"", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00223-00119972-00120439": "\"sneaked in to spy out our liberty which we have in Christ Jesus, in order to\"", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00224-00120439-00121163": "\"bring us into bondage.\" He's talking about legalists who came into the Galatian", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00225-00121163-00121627": "church and began teaching that  you had to go back and obey the Law for", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00226-00121627-00122008": "circumcision and food laws if you want to be a", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00227-00122008-00122911": "Christian. Those teachers wanted people to do what they said they had to do.", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00228-00122911-00123405": "Christians had been set free from the requirements of the Law.", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00229-00123405-00123923": "Why? Because Jesus fulfilled all those requirements and through faith in Him", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00230-00123923-00124499": "and obedience to Him we also fulfill all the requirements of the Law. Why do we", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00231-00124499-00125024": "continue to do so? Because we walk by faith now. They had teachers that", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00232-00125024-00125329": "came in and said no, no, no. If you're gonna be a good Christian you need to be", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00233-00125329-00125699": "circumcised and then no pork and this and that. You need to keep", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00234-00125699-00126108": "all the traditions and stuff like that if you want to be a good Christian. And", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00235-00126108-00126557": "because they seem to mature and they seemed intelligent, people went along", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00236-00126557-00126976": "with that. But Paul here, he says, they sneaked", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00237-00126976-00127547": "in to spy out our liberty, our freedom. Let me tell you, most false teaching", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00238-00127547-00128155": "within Christianity, usually try to control what you eat, your intimate", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00239-00128155-00128882": "sexual life and sometimes how you dress. I want to tell you, those three things,", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00240-00128882-00129427": "those are not major doctrines, but they're usually systems and methods that", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00241-00129427-00130226": "people use in order to gain control over people. Colossians chapter 2:8, he", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00242-00130226-00130588": "says, \"See to it\"... Remember now, he's talking to whole different groups here. That's", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00243-00130588-00131008": "why I selected different scriptures. He says, \"See to it that no one takes you\"", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00244-00131008-00131663": "\"captive through philosophy and empty deception, according to the\"", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00245-00131663-00132086": "\"elementary principles of the world, rather than according to Christ.\"", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00246-00132086-00132814": "Become prisoners of false ideas. I'm working on an article talking", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00247-00132814-00133134": "about the freedom that we have in Jesus.", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00248-00133134-00133578": "Christianity, the religion of freedom. The first thing that came to", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00249-00133578-00133914": "my mind when I thought of this idea is that there are no dress requirements for", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00250-00133914-00134310": "Christianity. You don't have to wear a veil. You don't have to wear a skullcap.", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00251-00134310-00134754": "You don't have to wear orange chiffon. You don't have to buzz your head. You", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00252-00134754-00135120": "don't have to let your hair grow long. You don't have to wear a nose ring. You", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00253-00135120-00135444": "don't have to... There are no dress requirements. You can dress the way you", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00254-00135444-00136038": "want. The only rule in Christianity is what? Modesty. That's all, modesty.", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00255-00136038-00136923": "You can wear red or green or orange, you can t-shirt or a full-length suit.", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00256-00136923-00137523": "Dress the way you want because we're free in Christ. Usually false", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00257-00137523-00138171": "teachers come in and try to put us into bondage into some sort of bondage, as I", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00258-00138171-00138834": "was mentioning before, empty philosophy principles according to the world. In", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00259-00138834-00139347": "other words, what the world thinks we should be doing rather than according to", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00260-00139347-00139755": "Christ. When he says according to Christ, he means, rather than according to", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00261-00139755-00140355": "what Christ taught. Remember, I'm making a case for why should we even be studying", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00262-00140355-00140766": "these doctrines. Why should we put time into it? Then in another place he", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00263-00140766-00141177": "says, \"For among them are those who enter into households and captivate weak women\"", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00264-00141177-00141591": "\"weighed down with sins,\". In other words, have you not ever met someone, they're", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00265-00141591-00142074": "always feeling guilty. They're guilty, guilty, guilty. They've been... It's okay if", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00266-00142074-00142323": "you're a been a Christian three months, but if you've been a Christian thirty", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00267-00142323-00143082": "years and you still feel guilty, that's not a psychological problem that's a", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00268-00143082-00143637": "doctrinal problem. The whole point about Christianity is not to feel guilty.", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00269-00143637-00144306": "Because if your sins are forgiven, guess what? You shouldn't feel guilty. So he", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00270-00144306-00144801": "says, \"women weighed down with sins, led on by various impulses, always learning\"", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00271-00144801-00145341": "\"and never able to come to the knowledge of the truth.\" What truth? The truth of", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00272-00145341-00146013": "Christ's teachings. That's the truth. So in all these passages that I've read, in", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00273-00146013-00146268": "each instance Paul refers to Christians who", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00274-00146268-00146667": "are made slaves of some form of religious tradition or authority or", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00275-00146667-00147294": "practice that is based on false teaching and whose only purpose is to enslave the", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00276-00147294-00147579": "Christian who may not know the truth.", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00277-00147579-00148389": "You know Satan's best weapon against us, Christians? I don't think", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00278-00148389-00148959": "anybody in here is going to be seduced by Satan to go out and rob a bank or to", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00279-00148959-00149304": "go into prostitution. You know what I'm saying?", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00280-00149304-00149748": "I think, if I'm looking over this crowd, I don't think we're gonna be seduced into", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00281-00149748-00150249": "doing those kind of things. Nobody's perfect. We have our own", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00282-00150249-00150627": "struggles but we're not gonna throw away our entire Christian life by", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00283-00150627-00151313": "doing the big ones. Right? But what he does do is he spoils whatever you've got.", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00284-00151313-00151899": "You're forgiven. You're free in Christ. You have a true and abiding hope for a", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00285-00151899-00152601": "better life. God is... What more can God do to convince you and I that He", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00286-00152601-00153183": "loves us? The cross, think, would any one of us give up one of our", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00287-00153183-00153786": "children to save people that hate us? Would you sacrifice, in today's terms,", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00288-00153786-00154653": "would you take your firstborn child and kill that child in", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00289-00154653-00155637": "order to save people in Boko Haram or the terrorists who went in", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00290-00155637-00155982": "Kenya recently and murdered Christians? Would you do that? Would you sacrifice", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00291-00155982-00156563": "your own child to save Islamic terrorists? I don't think so.", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00292-00156563-00156990": "Essentially, that's what God did. What more does He have to do to let us", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00293-00156990-00157575": "know He loves us? Yet somehow Satan is able to suck all the joy out of our", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00294-00157575-00158418": "Christian life. How? Exactly in this way, by creeping in and planting ideas, false", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00295-00158418-00158937": "ideas into our minds and hearts, that don't destroy our faith but", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00296-00158937-00159513": "we get it out of focus. Robs us of any joy that we should be having day", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00297-00159513-00159996": "after day after day. So knowing the truth in", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00298-00159996-00160500": "correct doctrine makes you free and it protects the church from division caused", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00299-00160500-00161130": "by false teachers. A few things before, we're almost done. There are not", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00300-00161130-00161517": "only negative reasons for studying doctrine. There are also great benefits", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00301-00161517-00161886": "that come from knowing the major doctrines of the Bible. I've", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00302-00161886-00162351": "been a little negative here. Let's go over to the positive side. So correct", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00303-00162351-00162915": "doctrine leads to salvation. Paul says, \"You, however, continue in the things you\"", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00304-00162915-00163257": "\"have learned and become convinced of, knowing from whom you have learned them,\"", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00305-00163257-00163632": "\"and that from childhood you have known the sacred writings which are able to\"", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00306-00163632-00163971": "\"give you the wisdom that leads to salvation through faith which is in\"", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00307-00163971-00164379": "\"Christ Jesus.\" You cannot be saved properly without", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00308-00164379-00164988": "knowing the true and correct doctrine about salvation. Nobody gets to heaven by", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00309-00164988-00165573": "mistake. Now, I mentioned this before the lesson, like in the movies, the", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00310-00165573-00166173": "guy goes to sleep and then wakes up and goes, where am I? I'm in heaven.", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00311-00166173-00167070": "You're in heaven? Really? Oh, wow, how did I get here? No, no, no, that's in the movies.", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00312-00167070-00167391": "Those who are going to heaven, they know they're going to heaven and", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00313-00167391-00167718": "they know why they're going to heaven. They know how they're going to", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00314-00167718-00168105": "heaven. They know. Why do they know? Because they've been taught correctly", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00315-00168105-00168636": "about the doctrine of salvation. So you can't be saved properly without actually", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00316-00168636-00168969": "knowing the true and correct doctrine about salvation.", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00317-00168969-00169746": "Another thing that correct doctrine gives us, it equips us to serve God.", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00318-00169746-00170073": "Paul says, \"All Scripture is inspired by God and profitable for teaching, for\"", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00319-00170073-00170610": "\"reproof, for correction, for training in righteousness; so that the man of God\" and", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00320-00170610-00171222": "here, man, woman of God, \"may be adequate, equipped for every good work.\" We are", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00321-00171222-00171657": "saved so that we can serve the living God and correct doctrine teaches us how", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00322-00171657-00172101": "to please and serve Him. How do I? Isn't that a question that we all ask", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00323-00172101-00172674": "ourselves from time to time. God, what do you want me to do? What do you want me to", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00324-00172674-00173250": "do? How can I please you? I want to please you. Correct doctrine will", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00325-00173250-00173763": "give you insight on how you can serve Him and please Him. Then, of", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00326-00173763-00174457": "course, correct doctrine transforms us into the image of Christ. First Timothy", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00327-00174457-00174949": "1:5 says, \"But the goal of our instruction\"... What's the goal of our teaching,", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00328-00174949-00175653": "our doctrine? The goal \"is love from a pure heart and a good conscience and a\"", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00329-00175653-00176095": "\"sincere faith.\" So people who say you don't need doctrine,", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00330-00176095-00176802": "love is all about it. Love is all you need. That's the goal, love, but you", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00331-00176802-00177240": "can't get there without correct doctrine. You can't get to the kind of love that", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00332-00177240-00177840": "God wants us to experience and to share without the avenue of correct doctrine", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00333-00177840-00178416": "that will eventually lead us to that role in our lives or that status or that", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00334-00178416-00178921": "experience in our life. So knowing the words of Christ, sewing them correctly", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00335-00178921-00179277": "into our hearts will produce a Christ-like heart, a Christ-like", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00336-00179277-00180174": "character, a change that will honor God and provide true witness to other people.", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00337-00180174-00181123": "Being like Jesus is not a burden, it's release. The more of myself that I can", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00338-00181123-00181672": "jettison, that I can let go, my sinful self, my selfish self, my egotistical self,", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00339-00181672-00182386": "my depressed self, I want my own way self, my own mean-spirited self.", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00340-00182386-00183007": "The more I can rid myself of that and fill the empty space", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00341-00183007-00183670": "with Christ, the happier I become, the more at peace I become and the more able", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00342-00183670-00184254": "I am to love other people. First of all, to love myself. The hard thing about", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00343-00184254-00184638": "loving myself is I don't like me  that much, because when I really look at", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00344-00184638-00185439": "myself I go, Man alive! How am I ever gonna get to heaven? But as I develop a", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00345-00185439-00185982": "Christian character God makes a believer out of me, because he changes my", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00346-00185982-00186541": "character. Without true doctrine, we cannot know God. We can't come to", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00347-00186541-00187042": "Christ. We can't be sure of our salvation. So yes, it's important. One last", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00348-00187042-00187348": "thing. A little outline of what we're going to do. There are a lot of", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00349-00187348-00187735": "instructions or doctrines that the Bible teaches, but the title of this course is", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00350-00187735-00188146": "\"Understanding Your Religion- The Seven Major Doctrines that Define the", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00351-00188146-00188575": "Christian Faith.\" So I've tried to select doctrines that best represent the entire", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00352-00188575-00189129": "instruction given in the Bible. In other words, these are the doctrines that cover", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00353-00189129-00189622": "the Bible from start to finish. There can be some dispute about this. I'm not", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00354-00189622-00189997": "saying that I'm the final authority on this, but I've been thinking about it a", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00355-00189997-00190624": "long time. So here are the seven doctrines; The Doctrine", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00356-00190624-00191013": "of the Inspiration of the Bible; The Doctrine of the Deity of Christ, The", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00357-00191013-00191608": "Doctrine of Original Goodness, The Doctrine of the Fall of Man, The Doctrine", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00358-00191608-00191932": "of Restoration, The Doctrine of the Kingdom and The Doctrine of the Second", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00359-00191932-00192571": "Coming. If you're familiar with these doctrines then you", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00360-00192571-00192949": "will be familiar with all the sub teachings that are generated by these", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00361-00192949-00193387": "doctrines and you will be much more knowledgeable about why and how you", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00362-00193387-00194071": "practice your faith. Note also that there is no doctrine of the existence of God", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00363-00194071-00194521": "here or the existence of a Supreme Being. The reason why there's no doctrine", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00364-00194521-00195001": "of that is because the Bible assumes this as fact and does not have a", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00365-00195001-00195400": "specific teaching about the reality of God. You read from Genesis to", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00366-00195400-00195850": "Revelation, there's no teaching or arguing about there is a God and He is", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00367-00195850-00196450": "real. The Bible begins with the assumption in the beginning God, boom! It", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00368-00196450-00196903": "doesn't explain, it doesn't defend, it just says, \"In the beginning God.\" So", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00369-00196903-00197367": "there's no \"doctrine\" of the existence of God. That's why it's not in", "a3QyMlbKDvo-00370-00197367-00197994": "the list. That's our first class. Hope we got off to a good start."}}, {"audio_id": "a3YYihnyNpM", "text": {"a3YYihnyNpM-00000-00000192-00001592": "hahaha", "a3YYihnyNpM-00001-00001896-00001946": "attack", "a3YYihnyNpM-00002-00002736-00002984": "fire", "a3YYihnyNpM-00003-00005000-00005784": "um", "a3YYihnyNpM-00004-00007423-00008584": "ah", "a3YYihnyNpM-00005-00008760-00009984": "uh", "a3YYihnyNpM-00006-00013288-00014184": "ah", "a3YYihnyNpM-00007-00014447-00015584": "oh", "a3YYihnyNpM-00008-00017064-00018384": "oh", "a3YYihnyNpM-00009-00019744-00021184": "uh", "a3YYihnyNpM-00010-00024584-00025384": "so", "a3YYihnyNpM-00011-00028408-00029583": "oh", "a3YYihnyNpM-00012-00031064-00032383": "uh", "a3YYihnyNpM-00013-00034032-00035184": "oh", "a3YYihnyNpM-00014-00036632-00037984": "oh", "a3YYihnyNpM-00015-00039432-00040784": "oh", "a3YYihnyNpM-00016-00040848-00042184": "oh", "a3YYihnyNpM-00017-00044064-00044984": "stay behind gold is great gold is gold is great", "a3YYihnyNpM-00018-00046272-00046384": "mortar", "a3YYihnyNpM-00019-00048928-00049184": "oh", "a3YYihnyNpM-00020-00050864-00051984": "oh", "a3YYihnyNpM-00021-00054440-00054784": "attack"}}, {"audio_id": "a46QKlalXWU", "text": {"a46QKlalXWU-00000-00000450-00000874": "Hello! This is a quick video on the unboxing of a Ledger device.", "a46QKlalXWU-00001-00000874-00001141": "It comes shipped over night via DHL", "a46QKlalXWU-00002-00001141-00001561": "So let's go ahead and open this up!", "a46QKlalXWU-00003-00002031-00002413": "I hear lots of shaking in here.", "a46QKlalXWU-00004-00003028-00003228": "Oh I know what this is...", "a46QKlalXWU-00005-00003228-00003690": "I had ordered the steel capsule.", "a46QKlalXWU-00006-00003690-00004301": "...and this is the Ledger nano-x (Black Box)", "a46QKlalXWU-00007-00004301-00004584": "...and this is the Ledger nano-s (White Box)", "a46QKlalXWU-00008-00004613-00005011": "...and these are backup devices.", "a46QKlalXWU-00009-00005164-00005364": "That's what was in the box.", "a46QKlalXWU-00010-00005364-00005652": "Let's go ahead and open these up.", "a46QKlalXWU-00011-00005652-00006630": "So, the Ledger nano-s hardware wallet", "a46QKlalXWU-00012-00006630-00006990": "comes in a nice box...", "a46QKlalXWU-00013-00006990-00007387": "Here is the device.", "a46QKlalXWU-00014-00007387-00007587": "Set that a side.", "a46QKlalXWU-00015-00007587-00008168": "Looks like it includes instructions.", "a46QKlalXWU-00016-00008171-00008798": "We'll put this a side as well.", "a46QKlalXWU-00017-00009099-00009439": "Looks like a lasso to carry it with.", "a46QKlalXWU-00018-00009639-00009926": "And a USB cable", "a46QKlalXWU-00019-00011024-00011304": "So that is the Ledger nano-s", "a46QKlalXWU-00020-00011304-00011491": "We'll just put that over there.", "a46QKlalXWU-00021-00011591-00011988": "In the \"Hello\" container ...", "a46QKlalXWU-00022-00011988-00012285": "it has getting started in ...", "a46QKlalXWU-00023-00012285-00012759": "English, French, Spanish, German...", "a46QKlalXWU-00024-00012759-00013059": "Japanese and other languages.", "a46QKlalXWU-00025-00013159-00013560": "Lots of languages!  \"Getting Started\".", "a46QKlalXWU-00026-00013560-00014177": "Talks about recovery.", "a46QKlalXWU-00027-00014177-00014574": "and your 24 word recovery phrase.", "a46QKlalXWU-00028-00014574-00015071": "It gives you space on the back to write the (recovery phrase).", "a46QKlalXWU-00029-00015372-00015729": "It looks like a couple of copies for the recovery phrase.", "a46QKlalXWU-00030-00016429-00017087": "To get started, you connect it to your computer.", "a46QKlalXWU-00031-00017087-00017434": "And that is what the USB cable is for.", "a46QKlalXWU-00032-00017434-00017831": "So, before I do lets put this a side...", "a46QKlalXWU-00033-00017831-00018128": "and take a quick peek...", "a46QKlalXWU-00034-00018128-00018929": "in the Ledger nano-x", "a46QKlalXWU-00035-00018929-00019129": "Let's see what this is...", "a46QKlalXWU-00036-00019129-00019943": "This is the back up kit that I had ordered.", "a46QKlalXWU-00037-00019943-00020507": "So this is the nano-x", "a46QKlalXWU-00038-00020507-00020804": "Nice cover!", "a46QKlalXWU-00039-00020804-00021004": "And it also has ...", "a46QKlalXWU-00040-00021004-00021501": "a USB...", "a46QKlalXWU-00041-00021501-00021988": "and a little carrying cable.", "a46QKlalXWU-00042-00021988-00022585": "and that is it in there.", "a46QKlalXWU-00043-00022585-00022983": "So we will put that a side.", "a46QKlalXWU-00044-00022983-00023280": "And in their \"Hello\" container...", "a46QKlalXWU-00045-00023280-00023680": "Let's see what's in here.", "a46QKlalXWU-00046-00023697-00024457": "It also has recovery sheets...a couple of copies.", "a46QKlalXWU-00047-00024457-00024901": "and some decals that you can stick on whatever.", "a46QKlalXWU-00048-00024935-00025699": "and this has a use and care, and regulatory statement.", "a46QKlalXWU-00049-00026199-00026893": "and a getting started sheet.", "a46QKlalXWU-00050-00026893-00027590": "This getting started, again, comes in lots of languages", "a46QKlalXWU-00051-00027590-00028001": "...so that is why it is this long.", "a46QKlalXWU-00052-00028001-00028498": "The first step that it tells me...", "a46QKlalXWU-00053-00028498-00028928": "is, 'the Ledger nano-x securely stores the private keys", "a46QKlalXWU-00054-00028928-00029326": "...that provide access to your crypto assets.'", "a46QKlalXWU-00055-00029326-00029623": "To set up your device, follow the instructions...", "a46QKlalXWU-00056-00029623-00029919": "at Ledger.com/start", "a46QKlalXWU-00057-00029919-00030280": "Charge your device before the first use", "a46QKlalXWU-00058-00030280-00030777": "by connecting the USB cable to a power source.", "a46QKlalXWU-00059-00030844-00031374": "This is the USB cable.", "a46QKlalXWU-00060-00031374-00031871": "Let me open that up.", "a46QKlalXWU-00061-00032172-00032969": "...and this device has a small USB connection at the tip.", "a46QKlalXWU-00062-00032969-00033900": "So we will go ahead and power this up.", "a46QKlalXWU-00063-00033933-00034160": "We will be right back!", "a46QKlalXWU-00064-00034601-00035035": "I went ahead and plugged this in...", "a46QKlalXWU-00065-00035035-00035335": "The front screen illuminates.", "a46QKlalXWU-00066-00035335-00035719": "It says, 'welcome to Ledger'.", "a46QKlalXWU-00067-00035719-00036516": "Press the right button to continue.", "a46QKlalXWU-00068-00036616-00037150": "Welcome to Ledger, and press the right button to continue.", "a46QKlalXWU-00069-00037250-00038064": "Download \"Ledger Live\" at Ledger.com/start", "a46QKlalXWU-00070-00038064-00038164": "then press the right button.", "a46QKlalXWU-00071-00038264-00038501": "So let me go ahead and do that.", "a46QKlalXWU-00072-00038501-00038949": "So I came to Ledger.com/start", "a46QKlalXWU-00073-00038949-00039346": "and this is the screen that I see.", "a46QKlalXWU-00074-00039446-00039753": "Now click the download button", "a46QKlalXWU-00075-00039753-00040020": "and follow the instructions for installing \"Ledger Live\".", "a46QKlalXWU-00076-00040717-00041114": "So this is telling me to set up a new device.", "a46QKlalXWU-00077-00041114-00041464": "and I would press both buttons to validate the selection.", "a46QKlalXWU-00078-00041564-00041931": "So let me go ahead and do that.", "a46QKlalXWU-00079-00042032-00042465": "Choose PIN with 4 to 8 digits.", "a46QKlalXWU-00080-00042565-00042936": "So when it has you choose a PIN", "a46QKlalXWU-00081-00042936-00043136": "There will be an up arrow and a down arrow", "a46QKlalXWU-00082-00043136-00043303": "Where you will navigate up and down", "a46QKlalXWU-00083-00043303-00043500": "to choose the number that you want", "a46QKlalXWU-00084-00043500-00043600": "for your PIN.", "a46QKlalXWU-00085-00043900-00044461": "Says, 'use buttons to navigate menus and lists.", "a46QKlalXWU-00086-00044461-00044758": "So it is telling me what to do here.", "a46QKlalXWU-00087-00045258-00045555": "and it is also telling me to select both buttons", "a46QKlalXWU-00088-00045555-00045805": "press both buttons to select.", "a46QKlalXWU-00089-00045905-00046283": "What I am doing is I am hitting the right button", "a46QKlalXWU-00090-00046283-00046680": "to navigate through all of the instructions.", "a46QKlalXWU-00091-00046876-00047093": "So I'll continue navigating to the right", "a46QKlalXWU-00092-00047093-00047243": "pressing the right button", "a46QKlalXWU-00093-00047243-00047941": "Is says, 'start Ledger Live for help during setup'", "a46QKlalXWU-00094-00048241-00048652": "and then it says, 'set up as a new device'.", "a46QKlalXWU-00095-00048652-00048855": "\"restore from recovery phrase\".", "a46QKlalXWU-00096-00048855-00049252": "Remember both buttons to select", "a46QKlalXWU-00097-00049252-00049749": "You press both buttons to select, confirm or cancel.", "a46QKlalXWU-00098-00049749-00050143": "So there are two buttons on here", "a46QKlalXWU-00099-00050143-00050540": "and I would press both to select, confirm, or cancel.", "a46QKlalXWU-00100-00050900-00051237": "Continue to press the right button to navigate the menu.", "a46QKlalXWU-00101-00051237-00051501": "and I think I'm on the last menu item.", "a46QKlalXWU-00102-00051501-00051751": "There are are no more chevrons on the right hand side.", "a46QKlalXWU-00103-00051885-00052335": "It says, 'select both buttons to select, confirm, or cancel'.", "a46QKlalXWU-00104-00052335-00052792": "I can hit the left button to navigate backwards.", "a46QKlalXWU-00105-00053103-00053530": "If I click on 'add account' and type \"OMG\"", "a46QKlalXWU-00106-00053530-00053800": "It says Etherium. If I click on this...", "a46QKlalXWU-00107-00053800-00054290": "It says, OMG is a ERC 2.0 token...", "a46QKlalXWU-00108-00054290-00054788": "You can receive tokens directly on an Etherium account.", "a46QKlalXWU-00109-00054788-00055185": "So I click 'receive'. It's going to be in  Etherium.", "a46QKlalXWU-00110-00055185-00055508": "I click 'continue'.", "a46QKlalXWU-00111-00055508-00055805": "...and then I copy this address.", "a46QKlalXWU-00112-00055805-00056303": "...and on my Ledger nano, it is asking me to verify", "a46QKlalXWU-00113-00056303-00056700": "So I go to ahead and verify on the nano...", "a46QKlalXWU-00114-00056700-00056900": "Clicking on the right button. I see the address", "a46QKlalXWU-00115-00056900-00057200": "matches what I see on my screen.", "a46QKlalXWU-00116-00057200-00057497": "and I click on the right button again, and then I", "a46QKlalXWU-00117-00057497-00057794": "click BOTH buttons to approve!", "a46QKlalXWU-00118-00057794-00058241": "and if i need to re-verify I can always hit the back button.", "a46QKlalXWU-00119-00058241-00058318": "So I have copied this address", "a46QKlalXWU-00120-00058318-00058568": "this is where I want to receive the OMG", "a46QKlalXWU-00121-00058568-00059632": "and then I come into my exchange where I have it.", "a46QKlalXWU-00122-00059632-00059879": "..and I click on 'withdraw'.", "a46QKlalXWU-00123-00059879-00060173": "So the three dots over here, then select withdraw", "a46QKlalXWU-00124-00060273-00061137": "Once I click withdraw, I add the Ledger recipient address", "a46QKlalXWU-00125-00061141-00061768": "which I copied, and I want to transfer what I have", "a46QKlalXWU-00126-00061768-00062102": "on the exchange. So I just clicked on 'max'", "a46QKlalXWU-00127-00062102-00062465": "it's going to automatically calculate everything that I have.", "a46QKlalXWU-00128-00062465-00063113": "Click 'Preview withdraw'.", "a46QKlalXWU-00129-00063113-00063610": "This is Ledger account where it currently is located", "a46QKlalXWU-00130-00063610-00063810": "This is what I am withdrawing.", "a46QKlalXWU-00131-00063810-00064060": "This is the estimated fee.", "a46QKlalXWU-00132-00064060-00064260": "I click 'confirm withdraw'.", "a46QKlalXWU-00133-00064260-00064493": "and it sent me a text message.", "a46QKlalXWU-00134-00064891-00065098": "Hit done (after entering the code).", "a46QKlalXWU-00135-00065201-00065502": "I am going to open my email confirmation.", "a46QKlalXWU-00136-00065802-00066179": "and it tells me my withdrawal was submitted.", "a46QKlalXWU-00137-00066179-00066379": "Yi-hoo!  :)", "a46QKlalXWU-00138-00066379-00066463": "This will take a few minutes", "a46QKlalXWU-00139-00066463-00066609": "It is not instantaneous."}}, {"audio_id": "a4nN9AO6_4E", "text": {"a4nN9AO6_4E-00000-00001086-00001485": "Hi travellers, I'm Anne's daughter Lileko and welcome to the Interconte.", "a4nN9AO6_4E-00001-00001485-00001708": "It's more spacious than I expected.", "a4nN9AO6_4E-00002-00001793-00002016": "Let's wheel my suitcase into the closet.", "a4nN9AO6_4E-00003-00002137-00002300": "It's not helpful is it.", "a4nN9AO6_4E-00004-00002365-00002701": "Oh but it's got a little shelf here you really can't see.", "a4nN9AO6_4E-00005-00002701-00002950": "This is as light as it gets.", "a4nN9AO6_4E-00006-00002950-00003560": "Yay slippers and oh actually soft bathrobes.", "a4nN9AO6_4E-00007-00003560-00003983": "Oh it's got fluff inside there should you wish to purchase one well the arms are a bit short.", "a4nN9AO6_4E-00008-00003983-00004186": "Where's the lights switch?", "a4nN9AO6_4E-00009-00004186-00004584": "So there's this little desk area getting ready area which is really nice.", "a4nN9AO6_4E-00010-00004584-00004831": "Since it is actually opposite the closet.", "a4nN9AO6_4E-00011-00004831-00004915": "Mouthwash.", "a4nN9AO6_4E-00012-00005277-00005477": "Oh bath salts", "a4nN9AO6_4E-00013-00005712-00006024": "And actual Colgate toothpaste yes!", "a4nN9AO6_4E-00014-00006156-00006762": "Wonderful oh my goodness I love how they do this sometimes the hair tie.", "a4nN9AO6_4E-00015-00006978-00007178": "Oh and a nail file.", "a4nN9AO6_4E-00016-00007373-00007592": "Because everybody wants to know what their weight is when you're in a hotel.", "a4nN9AO6_4E-00017-00007711-00008003": "And branded water.", "a4nN9AO6_4E-00018-00008028-00008646": "And always my favorite oh there's even a light right over the bathtub so it looks quite deep.", "a4nN9AO6_4E-00019-00008784-00009138": "It just doesn't look that big but I mean I'm gonna fit.", "a4nN9AO6_4E-00020-00009384-00009768": "Yay I'm well looking forward to that and they already have a bath mat out.", "a4nN9AO6_4E-00021-00009875-00010169": "out oh and a seat in the shower.", "a4nN9AO6_4E-00022-00010169-00010467": "Oh I've got a loofah in my shower already.", "a4nN9AO6_4E-00023-00010770-00010890": "And then a separate loo.", "a4nN9AO6_4E-00024-00010952-00011239": "Yeah I got to be honest,", "a4nN9AO6_4E-00025-00011239-00011618": "I don't know if I was with somebody else", "a4nN9AO6_4E-00026-00011622-00011998": "you know you can you'd see their feet.", "a4nN9AO6_4E-00027-00011998-00012984": "Let'sbe honest, but I just don't know how I would feel sharing a bathroom oh and look also they literally gonna hear everything.", "a4nN9AO6_4E-00028-00013068-00013812": "And then the view is all right I'm on the 33rd floor I think.", "a4nN9AO6_4E-00029-00014082-00014813": "Right in the city center apparently, I did see a Starbucks oh I I think that's it right there.", "a4nN9AO6_4E-00030-00015047-00015712": "So the room itself is actually quite large a lot of seating area.", "a4nN9AO6_4E-00031-00015813-00016067": "Oh thank goodness there's a fridge because I need to chill this water.", "a4nN9AO6_4E-00032-00016067-00016228": "More water.", "a4nN9AO6_4E-00033-00016315-00016874": "It's just a regular tea and coffee nothing exciting.", "a4nN9AO6_4E-00034-00018078-00018140": "Goodness.", "a4nN9AO6_4E-00035-00018285-00018616": "Okay so its not really that exciting in here.", "a4nN9AO6_4E-00036-00018675-00019171": "I have here a lot of Empty Dance Space really.", "a4nN9AO6_4E-00037-00019171-00019314": "Really great for one perso.n", "a4nN9AO6_4E-00038-00019386-00019838": "And then granddad's chair over there that looks really tired.", "a4nN9AO6_4E-00039-00019838-00020131": "And then I don't know what the point of this piece of furniture is.", "a4nN9AO6_4E-00040-00020131-00020371": "InterConti Club closed.", "a4nN9AO6_4E-00041-00020371-00020763": "The fitness center and swimming pool open.", "a4nN9AO6_4E-00042-00020763-00021216": "So I've got breakfast included, which is it's a six till 10 30.", "a4nN9AO6_4E-00043-00021272-00021522": "Good morning, good morning.", "a4nN9AO6_4E-00044-00021798-00022159": "We're on the corner of McDonald's and Carrefour.", "a4nN9AO6_4E-00045-00022159-00022416": "I've just come back from breakfast", "a4nN9AO6_4E-00046-00022506-00023226": "I wonder if this has happened all over China because it's been so long since tourists", "a4nN9AO6_4E-00047-00023226-00024144": "have come in that these brand name hotel have just changed their buffet offering to match the local", "a4nN9AO6_4E-00048-00024144-00024213": "market.", "a4nN9AO6_4E-00049-00024213-00024719": "So I totally get it whereas I wonder if before covid they had a better balance.", "a4nN9AO6_4E-00050-00024719-00024984": "Because basically I'm left with fruit.", "a4nN9AO6_4E-00051-00024984-00025505": "They say it's omelets but it's literally just like fried egg.", "a4nN9AO6_4E-00052-00025505-00026456": "It was nice because it was in a little shape but there was no salt and pepper anywhere and I realize I'm probably the only person in the restaurant that wants salt and pepper.", "a4nN9AO6_4E-00053-00026456-00026673": "But I also have no way to ask for it.", "a4nN9AO6_4E-00054-00026673-00027436": "Because what else do they have they were sausages and there were different like sauces and things which was nice.", "a4nN9AO6_4E-00055-00027436-00028139": "But a lot of it, like the majority of it is not anything that I want to eat for breakfast.", "a4nN9AO6_4E-00056-00028200-00029007": "The check-in is so slow in China because we're foreigners and so they have to go off and take a photocopy of our passport,", "a4nN9AO6_4E-00057-00029007-00029341": "and let's just not organized.", "a4nN9AO6_4E-00058-00029341-00030175": "I had to ask I don't and I don't think I should like clearly my booking and includes breakfast but there's no way that this gentleman could or should,", "a4nN9AO6_4E-00059-00030175-00030813": "assume that I'd ever been here before to know where it was and what time it's going to happen.", "a4nN9AO6_4E-00060-00030813-00031314": "I do want to go down and check out the fitness center and see if the pool is actually open,", "a4nN9AO6_4E-00061-00031314-00031762": "because I know some of these services in China haven't been open for a good long amount of time.", "a4nN9AO6_4E-00062-00031762-00032142": "And again the website is like just don't believe it.", "a4nN9AO6_4E-00063-00032142-00032410": "Like the executive Lounge don't believe it.", "a4nN9AO6_4E-00064-00032410-00032659": "Because it's not happening.", "a4nN9AO6_4E-00065-00032659-00032862": "It's like nine", "a4nN9AO6_4E-00066-00032976-00033480": "40 something in the morning and I've just had a knock on the door and it was housekeeping.", "a4nN9AO6_4E-00067-00033534-00034181": "It's a weekend and breakfast isn't closed at this point.", "a4nN9AO6_4E-00068-00034181-00034585": "I did actually even I need to breakfast I hung out with things and please make up my room.", "a4nN9AO6_4E-00069-00034585-00035237": "I have taken it off because I'm literally in here but then of course and I don't expect because I don't,", "a4nN9AO6_4E-00070-00035237-00035476": "but then I'm like oh can you come back later.", "a4nN9AO6_4E-00071-00035476-00035971": "I'm like pointing to my watch of course she doesn't understand, not a clue.", "a4nN9AO6_4E-00072-00035971-00036353": "So I hope that they don't forget.", "a4nN9AO6_4E-00073-00036353-00036925": "So I don't really have nice things to say about the service so far.", "a4nN9AO6_4E-00074-00036925-00037599": "But at breakfast they're don't take away the plates quickly so I've literally come back and there's still four plates sitting there.", "a4nN9AO6_4E-00075-00037599-00037980": "Yeah just a level of service hasn't been what I expected so far.", "a4nN9AO6_4E-00076-00037980-00038797": "I don't know if it's a China thing or if it's hotels just across the board.", "a4nN9AO6_4E-00077-00038797-00039302": "Because they're giving me two and they are very nice towels don't get me wrong.", "a4nN9AO6_4E-00078-00039302-00039552": "They are big and they are delicious and lovely", "a4nN9AO6_4E-00079-00039636-00040304": "but didn't I have the same problem at literally all of the hotels I've stayed in here."}}, {"audio_id": "a4Eiz6CvIcA", "text": {"a4Eiz6CvIcA-00000-00000000-00000200": "So guys...", "a4Eiz6CvIcA-00001-00000240-00000350": "What if I told you...", "a4Eiz6CvIcA-00002-00000443-00000650": "That 2 days ago was my birthday?", "a4Eiz6CvIcA-00003-00000976-00001150": "(awkwardly gets close to camera) Whatchu gonna do about it?", "a4Eiz6CvIcA-00004-00001350-00001550": "also wish me a happy b-day bois and gurls, it's important cuz i'm your boy, you're my boi or girl", "a4Eiz6CvIcA-00005-00001750-00002250": "so yea i guess that's it to say, i hope you have enjoyed this lil skit i made, if you did, just- just- do smth ig, anyways cya bois and gurls!"}}, {"audio_id": "a4HsMNipF1U", "text": {"a4HsMNipF1U-00000-00000000-00000536": "Mmhmm. MmHMM.", "a4HsMNipF1U-00001-00000536-00000984": "Oh! Hello there, welcome to Dapper History, with me and my co-host:", "a4HsMNipF1U-00002-00001160-00001560": "Also, welcome to Women's History Month! Today we'll be talking about one of the earliest", "a4HsMNipF1U-00003-00001560-00002023": "female doctors in the United States. The Girlboss trailblazer with a theory to revolutionize", "a4HsMNipF1U-00004-00002023-00002448": "the way we look at health and medicine. Through persistence and hard work she became one of the", "a4HsMNipF1U-00005-00002448-00003064": "first female serial killers in the United States. That's right, we're talking about Linda Hazzard! Also", "a4HsMNipF1U-00006-00003064-00003632": "I want to put this as an official trigger warning, that this video will be talking about disordered", "a4HsMNipF1U-00007-00003632-00004144": "eating habits, including starvation. I'm not going to go into any excessive grizzly detail, I'm just", "a4HsMNipF1U-00008-00004144-00004528": "letting you know that if that's not something you want to hear about, this is not the video for you.", "a4HsMNipF1U-00009-00004528-00004928": "(Distorted \"Totally Nude\" by the Wallets) (Title Card reads: Early Life)", "a4HsMNipF1U-00010-00004928-00005440": "Linda was born in 1867 in Carver Minnesota. From a young age she was described as intelligent,", "a4HsMNipF1U-00011-00005440-00005915": "curious, and studious, doing very well in school. But there was something off about her.", "a4HsMNipF1U-00012-00005915-00006328": "I mean course there was something off about her, why elsewould I be making a video on her? She's described in", "a4HsMNipF1U-00013-00006328-00006831": "reports as being overbearing, and intimidating, which got worse as she got older. And keep in", "a4HsMNipF1U-00014-00006831-00007288": "mind this was back in the day when women had virtually no power whatsoever, so for her to", "a4HsMNipF1U-00015-00007288-00007880": "be considered intimidating really meant something. She got married to Edwin Perry in 1885 and had two", "a4HsMNipF1U-00016-00007880-00008360": "children with him, but Perry was a broke-ass BIH who was holding Linda back from her ultimate dream:", "a4HsMNipF1U-00017-00008360-00008896": "Medical Malpractice! So she divorced his broke ass leaving her two children behind, and moved", "a4HsMNipF1U-00018-00008896-00009600": "to Minneapolis! The city of dreams! There she would begin her new controversial theory on medicine. So", "a4HsMNipF1U-00019-00009600-00009960": "what was this theory that was so groundbreaking that no one had thought of it before? Well it", "a4HsMNipF1U-00020-00009960-00010536": "basically boiled down to Linda's belief that overeating is the cause of most physical ailments.", "a4HsMNipF1U-00021-00010536-00010888": "(Funky music)", "a4HsMNipF1U-00022-00010888-00011440": "Okay, I get that. Eating too much fat, cholesterol, sugar, sodium, that can definitely have a negative", "a4HsMNipF1U-00023-00011440-00011920": "effect on your health. I agree with that. So what is the cure for that that you're suggesting Linda?", "a4HsMNipF1U-00024-00011920-00012054": "(demonic voice) STARVATION.", "a4HsMNipF1U-00025-00012054-00012536": "Because if eating too much sometimes is bad for your health, then eating nothing", "a4HsMNipF1U-00026-00012536-00012991": "all the time must be the golden ticket to healthy living! Obviously, why didn't I think of that?", "a4HsMNipF1U-00027-00012991-00013576": "(Annoying influencer voice) And no, you should never eat when you're hungry, okay?These fucking bitches who are saying \"You should eat", "a4HsMNipF1U-00028-00013576-00014158": "when you're hungry! Don't listen to her! You should eat when you're hungry! Eat when you're hungry!\" That isthe worst advice ever okay?", "a4HsMNipF1U-00029-00014158-00014688": "I just moved the chair for you why are you like this? In 1902 right around", "a4HsMNipF1U-00030-00014688-00015200": "the time that she was divorcing her husband- You go girl!- Her first patient died in her care. Oops!", "a4HsMNipF1U-00031-00015200-00015632": "And of course the cause of death was determined to be starvation. But then", "a4HsMNipF1U-00032-00015632-00016200": "the family of the victim noticed that his body was lighter in more ways than one, as in a significant", "a4HsMNipF1U-00033-00016200-00016648": "amount of his jewelry had gone missing after he checked into Linda's care. Sips tea!", "a4HsMNipF1U-00034-00016722-00016952": "(Pain noises)", "a4HsMNipF1U-00035-00016952-00017358": "It's so hot, oh my God. That wasn't a joke I didn't mean to do that, fu-", "a4HsMNipF1U-00036-00017358-00017784": "So obviously, everyone's pissed, and they all want Linda in jail for murderin' and thievin'.  They hate", "a4HsMNipF1U-00037-00017784-00018200": "to see a Girlboss winning, what can I say? But here's where it gets juicy: They couldn't get her", "a4HsMNipF1U-00038-00018200-00018624": "for stealing because there wasn't enough evidence, and they couldn't get her for malpractice because", "a4HsMNipF1U-00039-00018624-00019088": "get this: She didn't have a medical license at all! And somehow that means she was off the hook!", "a4HsMNipF1U-00040-00019088-00019323": "WOOHOO! Girl Power! Yes!", "a4HsMNipF1U-00041-00019323-00019848": "After this Linda met theman of her dreams, Samuel Chrisman Hazzard! (Romantic music)", "a4HsMNipF1U-00042-00019848-00020224": "He was an alcoholic who got kicked out of the military from misappropriating army funds,", "a4HsMNipF1U-00043-00020224-00020667": "also he has been married twice, didn't bother to divorce his last wife, married Linda, got arrested", "a4HsMNipF1U-00044-00020667-00020879": "for bigamy. Bada-bing Bada-boom.", "a4HsMNipF1U-00045-00020879-00021270": "(Title Card: Mrs Hazzard goes to Washington)", "a4HsMNipF1U-00046-00021270-00021597": "After Samuel got out of jail, he and Linda scampered off toWashington state", "a4HsMNipF1U-00047-00021597-00021888": "to begin saving lives and making the world the worst place. They chose Washington", "a4HsMNipF1U-00048-00021888-00022336": "state because at this time there was some bullshit legal loophole there, that grandfathered in", "a4HsMNipF1U-00049-00022336-00022872": "some practitioners of alternative medicine. Meaning that Linda got a medical license despite having no", "a4HsMNipF1U-00050-00022872-00023472": "education in the field. Girl Power! Yes! She bought a piece of property called Wilderness Heights", "a4HsMNipF1U-00051-00023472-00023936": "with the dream of eventually turning that into a sanitarium paradise. In the meantime, with her new", "a4HsMNipF1U-00052-00023936-00024384": "loophole medical license, Linda got to work. Now for some reason quite a few people were drawn to", "a4HsMNipF1U-00053-00024384-00024960": "Linda's controversial new practice. I speculate that a lot of them were either hypochondriacs,", "a4HsMNipF1U-00054-00024960-00025480": "or people who actually were sick and just were unable to get the help that they needed elsewhere.", "a4HsMNipF1U-00055-00025480-00025920": "One way or another, the story was always the same. After seeking her out and having a consultation", "a4HsMNipF1U-00056-00025920-00026448": "Linda would be able to convince them the best remedy for whatever illness they had is starvation", "a4HsMNipF1U-00057-00026448-00026936": "therapy. And then every single person after about two or three months of the therapy, would die of", "a4HsMNipF1U-00058-00026936-00027392": "starvation. But don't think that Samuel was sitting around being a deadbeat while Linda worked. Oh no!", "a4HsMNipF1U-00059-00027392-00027712": "he earned his keep by: Taking control of the patient's funds while they were in a", "a4HsMNipF1U-00060-00027712-00028152": "compromised state and basically just stealing all their money. You go King! So at this point, people", "a4HsMNipF1U-00061-00028152-00028544": "are dying left and right, and everyone knows it's Linda. Everyone's trying to stop her, newspapers", "a4HsMNipF1U-00062-00028544-00028968": "are publishing articles about this woman doctor who keeps killing her patients, children give her", "a4HsMNipF1U-00063-00028968-00029368": "estate the nickname of \"Starvation Heights\" and are afraid to go near it. You know what I think", "a4HsMNipF1U-00064-00029368-00029904": "they were actually afraid of? A strong woman. Cops are desperately trying to find something that they", "a4HsMNipF1U-00065-00029904-00030352": "can arrest her for, but they can't get anything, because she has her special loophole license", "a4HsMNipF1U-00066-00030352-00030720": "in alternative medicine, with the added excuse that \"All the patients were sick when they came", "a4HsMNipF1U-00067-00030720-00031256": "in there was nothing we could do.\" Go off sis! Don't let the mansplain anything to you! ALso she wasn't", "a4HsMNipF1U-00068-00031256-00031904": "technically forcing anyone to starve to death. All the patients willingly chose to participate in hertreatment.", "a4HsMNipF1U-00069-00031904-00032360": "(whispering) Keep this in mind! We'll be coming back to it later! Enter Claire and Dora Williamson, two", "a4HsMNipF1U-00070-00032360-00032704": "wealthy British women who are firm believers in alternative medicine.", "a4HsMNipF1U-00071-00032704-00032957": "I assume that theirappointment with Linda went something like this:", "a4HsMNipF1U-00072-00032957-00033379": "HiQueen! So we are two hypochondriacs with unlimitedmoney, and", "a4HsMNipF1U-00073-00033379-00033668": "we hear you have some sexy new therapy that we want to try out!", "a4HsMNipF1U-00074-00033668-00034108": "Ladies you have come tothe right place! It's called starvation therapy,it's exactly what it sounds like,", "a4HsMNipF1U-00075-00034108-00034445": "and it has a 0% success rate. So are you interested?", "a4HsMNipF1U-00076-00034445-00034787": "Are we interested? Does Margaret Thatcher have Girl Power?", "a4HsMNipF1U-00077-00034787-00034987": "(Laughter that slowly becomes distorted)", "a4HsMNipF1U-00078-00035384-00035720": "We'll get back to the sisters in a minute, but first I'm going to take a little detour.", "a4HsMNipF1U-00079-00035720-00036112": "I'm going to pause the jokes for a second because I think it's important to honestly show", "a4HsMNipF1U-00080-00036112-00036496": "just how bad things got under Linda's care. Remember earlier when I said that all of her", "a4HsMNipF1U-00081-00036496-00036952": "patients did her treatment voluntarily? That was a lie. (tense music begins) While it's true that they all voluntarily", "a4HsMNipF1U-00082-00036952-00037480": "chose to begin the treatment, Linda wouldn't allow anyone to stop or leave under any circumstances.", "a4HsMNipF1U-00083-00037480-00037920": "She would intimidate and manipulate these patients, not allowing them to leave even when they were", "a4HsMNipF1U-00084-00037920-00038416": "experiencing new physical ailments, or when they begged to go to a hospital. She would also cut", "a4HsMNipF1U-00085-00038416-00038840": "them off from their friends and family so that no one would know how bad it had gotten until it was", "a4HsMNipF1U-00086-00038840-00039344": "too late. And of course, when the patient was too weak and delirious to advocate for themselves,", "a4HsMNipF1U-00087-00039344-00039816": "Linda would have her lawyer swoop in, take control of their funds, and even rewrite their wills", "a4HsMNipF1U-00088-00039816-00040296": "basically giving her unlimited money. Honestly the fact that Linda could find both a husband", "a4HsMNipF1U-00089-00040296-00040680": "and a lawyer that were just as shifty as her is pretty impressive. We know some of the details of", "a4HsMNipF1U-00090-00040680-00041120": "her treatments because one of her patients Earl Edward Erdmann, kept a journal detailing how much", "a4HsMNipF1U-00091-00041120-00041552": "he ate every day and how it was affecting him. I'm going to read you just some of his", "a4HsMNipF1U-00092-00041552-00042200": "journal entries: \"February 8th, one orange breakfast, mashed soup supper, mashed soup dinner. February 13,", "a4HsMNipF1U-00093-00042200-00042904": "two orange breakfast, no dinner, no supper. February 16th, one cup hot strained tomato soup, am and pm.", "a4HsMNipF1U-00094-00042904-00043568": "Slept better last night, head quite dizzy. Eyes yellow and streaked red. February 21, backache today", "a4HsMNipF1U-00095-00043568-00044064": "just below the ribs. February 24th, slept better Wednesday night, kind of frontal headache in a.m.", "a4HsMNipF1U-00096-00044064-00044688": "Heart hit up to 95 a minute, sweat considerable. February 26th, did not sleep so well Friday night,", "a4HsMNipF1U-00097-00044688-00045232": "pain in right side just below ribs and back.\" Earl was hospitalized and died March 28th just before", "a4HsMNipF1U-00098-00045232-00045680": "he could receive a blood transfusion. Over the course of her life, Linda is estimated to have", "a4HsMNipF1U-00099-00045680-00046232": "killed between 20 and 40 people in one of the most painful and dehumanizing ways possible,", "a4HsMNipF1U-00100-00046232-00046656": "all the while taking them and their families for a ride. Let's get back to the sisters. Midway through", "a4HsMNipF1U-00101-00046656-00047112": "their treatment, their childhood nanny, Margaret Conway received a mysterious telegram telling her", "a4HsMNipF1U-00102-00047112-00047608": "that she had to get to America as soon as possible because the sisters were in dire need of her help.", "a4HsMNipF1U-00103-00047608-00048192": "Upon her arrival she was greeted by, you guessed it: Samuel! And he told her with a heavy heart", "a4HsMNipF1U-00104-00048192-00048664": "that unfortunately Claire had passed away and Dora had gone insane. When Margaret saw Claire's", "a4HsMNipF1U-00105-00048664-00049104": "body she couldn't recognize it because it was so skeletized to the point where it didn't look", "a4HsMNipF1U-00106-00049104-00049616": "like her when she was alive. At this point Dora weighed 50 pounds. She quietly begged Margaret", "a4HsMNipF1U-00107-00049616-00050168": "to help her get out of here, but then when Linda entered the room, her story changed completely!", "a4HsMNipF1U-00108-00050168-00050616": "At which point Dora would say \"I love this treatment! I don't want to leave Linda's so helpful.\"", "a4HsMNipF1U-00109-00050616-00051048": "Margaret was eventually able to get Dora out of Wilderness Heights- after paying Linda a thousand", "a4HsMNipF1U-00110-00051048-00051608": "dollars for some fuckin reason. Finally with Dora's testimony, they had enough evidence to take Linda...", "a4HsMNipF1U-00111-00051608-00052000": "to court. And I'm gonna pause the Girlboss jokes for a moment here and say:", "a4HsMNipF1U-00112-00052000-00052200": "(Screaming) YES OH MY GOD! FINALLY!", "a4HsMNipF1U-00113-00052584-00052967": "The judge threw the book at Linda because at this point she had been up to this bullshit for years now,", "a4HsMNipF1U-00114-00052967-00053367": "and there's no surprise that a lot of her former staff was willing to come forward and tell some of", "a4HsMNipF1U-00115-00053367-00053791": "the horrific stories about what she did to people. Surprisingly some of her former staff vehemently", "a4HsMNipF1U-00116-00053791-00054264": "defended her, even saying that some of her former patients- you know the ones who survived -were", "a4HsMNipF1U-00117-00054264-00054679": "living their best lives and actually came back to Linda to receive further treatment!", "a4HsMNipF1U-00118-00054679-00055055": "Yeah that's called Stockholm Syndrome babe, that's not a goodthing. The jury was having none of this, they found", "a4HsMNipF1U-00119-00055055-00055629": "Linda guilty of manslaughter, and sentenced her to 2-20 years in prison. Linda's response to all this?", "a4HsMNipF1U-00120-00055629-00055950": "(Angry breath) It's because I'm a woman, isn't it?", "a4HsMNipF1U-00121-00056316-00056837": "I swearto God, at this point in reading Linda's story I'mconvinced that she put like all her stats into luck", "a4HsMNipF1U-00122-00056837-00057215": "or something, because after serving like thebare minimum of her prison sentence,", "a4HsMNipF1U-00123-00057215-00057610": "she received a full pardon from the Governor of the state andgot out of jail!", "a4HsMNipF1U-00124-00057610-00058241": "(Aaron Paul voice) He can't keep getting away with this! HE CAN'T KEEP GETTING AWAY WITH THIS!", "a4HsMNipF1U-00125-00058241-00058696": "This pardon did come on the condition that Linda and Sammywill get the fuck out of the United States", "a4HsMNipF1U-00126-00058696-00059120": "and never come back. So Linda and Samuel skedaddled off to New Zealand where they live the rest of their", "a4HsMNipF1U-00127-00059120-00059616": "lives. Linda wrote a few books, she set up a \"School of Health\" which later got demolished in a fire.", "a4HsMNipF1U-00128-00059616-00060171": "Get fucked. Finally when she was 71 Linda... fellill.", "a4HsMNipF1U-00129-00060238-00060862": "Guess. Just, just guess what you think she did to cure this illness.", "a4HsMNipF1U-00130-00060862-00061358": "I'll give you a hint itwasn't ibuprofen. In 1938 Linda died by starvingherself to death.", "a4HsMNipF1U-00131-00061358-00061760": "She was the final victim of her own treatment. I was going to try to find", "a4HsMNipF1U-00132-00061760-00062172": "some positive or inspirational way to end this video but I don't think...", "a4HsMNipF1U-00133-00062298-00062821": "Wait, yes I can do that! When we think of serial killers, who are the first people that come to your mind?", "a4HsMNipF1U-00134-00062821-00063262": "Ted Bundy? JeffreyDahmer? John Wayne Gacy? Ha! All men!", "a4HsMNipF1U-00135-00063262-00063526": "Linda Hazzard was a trailblazer- fuck.", "a4HsMNipF1U-00136-00063526-00063870": "Linda Hazzard was a trailblazer forending innocent people's lives,", "a4HsMNipF1U-00137-00063870-00064224": "and she showed us that anything a man can do, a woman can do as well.", "a4HsMNipF1U-00138-00064224-00064676": "Happy Women's History Month everybody! See you next... whenever the fuck I upload!", "a4HsMNipF1U-00139-00064676-00065373": "(Funky music ends the video)"}}, {"audio_id": "a4HHq9u0fXQ", "text": {"a4HHq9u0fXQ-00000-00000677-00001121": "Brendan, Rita from HERA.  How you going guys? Fantastic.", "a4HHq9u0fXQ-00001-00001121-00001515": "How's the show been for you at WTM?  Has been good pretty good. Early days.", "a4HHq9u0fXQ-00002-00001515-00001850": "Monday afternoon, still looking forward to Tuesday but being good so far.", "a4HHq9u0fXQ-00003-00001860-00002673": "Good stuff. Good training for Tuesday. 2019 has been  an interesting year. Who do you think's been the most", "a4HHq9u0fXQ-00004-00002673-00003497": "influential individual or company? I have to point to  Rita right here and the founder of WHTT is sort of", "a4HHq9u0fXQ-00005-00003497-00004029": "a big wave this year so how many people  have joined WHTT? First of all what is WHTT?", "a4HHq9u0fXQ-00006-00004040-00004342": "WHTT is women in hospitality and travel tech", "a4HHq9u0fXQ-00007-00004342-00004846": "which is a nonprofit organization for men and women supporting women in", "a4HHq9u0fXQ-00008-00004846-00005328": "the industry not only travel tech, also hoteliers and in general travel.", "a4HHq9u0fXQ-00009-00005328-00006084": "There are at this point 900 members that joined our  platform so that is pretty amazing. Fantastic.", "a4HHq9u0fXQ-00010-00006084-00006332": "In 2020 who do you think's going to be or what do you", "a4HHq9u0fXQ-00011-00006332-00006570": "think's going to be the most influential factor of our industry?", "a4HHq9u0fXQ-00012-00006580-00007198": "For me it's going to be artificial intelligence but  more so than artificial intelligence alone it's", "a4HHq9u0fXQ-00013-00007198-00007714": "going to be the question of how do we work  together with the computers and not against", "a4HHq9u0fXQ-00014-00007714-00008009": "That's a question isn't it?", "a4HHq9u0fXQ-00015-00008009-00008572": "What's been an industry highlight for you for this year?", "a4HHq9u0fXQ-00016-00008745-00009290": "That's a tough one. As somebody who just  founded a company this year we got so focused", "a4HHq9u0fXQ-00017-00009290-00010302": "on our own. That's a industry highlight. So we founded  HERA: Focusing on hotel email reservation assistant", "a4HHq9u0fXQ-00018-00010302-00010650": "and applying artificial intelligence to read incoming", "a4HHq9u0fXQ-00019-00010650-00011191": "emails and other tech space messages  so that's been our highlight.", "a4HHq9u0fXQ-00020-00011191-00011718": "In that sense as well we started to work very  closely with reservation departments and I think", "a4HHq9u0fXQ-00021-00011718-00012270": "they were not very used to be talked to and asked their opinions and finally they", "a4HHq9u0fXQ-00022-00012270-00012744": "can so yeah there's a highlight for them.", "a4HHq9u0fXQ-00023-00012744-00013172": "Alright guys, thanks very much. Enjoy the rest of the show. Thanks."}}, {"audio_id": "a4RaTXcXwkM", "text": {"a4RaTXcXwkM-00000-00000654-00000898": "Hello all you entrepreneurs out there!", "a4RaTXcXwkM-00001-00000898-00001348": "Today I am very happy to welcome you to  the very first part of this MOOC.", "a4RaTXcXwkM-00002-00001348-00001666": "Welcome on board, welcome to the journey.", "a4RaTXcXwkM-00003-00001666-00001792": "In this first unit,", "a4RaTXcXwkM-00004-00001792-00002123": "we want to see what a business model framework is", "a4RaTXcXwkM-00005-00002124-00002504": "and we want to look at the definition  of a business model.", "a4RaTXcXwkM-00006-00002588-00003108": "First of all, we want to look at the  definition of a business model.", "a4RaTXcXwkM-00007-00003108-00003558": "Maybe someone has already asked you  what your business model is?", "a4RaTXcXwkM-00008-00003558-00004082": "That’s exactly why we want to find out what it means.", "a4RaTXcXwkM-00009-00004126-00004434": "What do you already understand about  what a business model is?", "a4RaTXcXwkM-00010-00004434-00004750": "Think about it for a minute or two  and make some notes.", "a4RaTXcXwkM-00011-00004750-00004896": "We'll present the solution in the MOOC.", "a4RaTXcXwkM-00012-00004952-00005562": "What is a business model?", "a4RaTXcXwkM-00013-00005632-00006058": "In management studies there are many definitions.", "a4RaTXcXwkM-00014-00006058-00006356": "The term ‘business model’ originated in the early 1950s", "a4RaTXcXwkM-00015-00006356-00006838": "and its meaning has developed a lot since then.", "a4RaTXcXwkM-00016-00006838-00007238": "But before we go into the details  of the different definitions,", "a4RaTXcXwkM-00017-00007238-00007609": "let's look at the word itself.", "a4RaTXcXwkM-00018-00007645-00007764": "Two questions:", "a4RaTXcXwkM-00019-00007768-00007958": "First: What is a business?", "a4RaTXcXwkM-00020-00007958-00008158": "Second: What is a model?", "a4RaTXcXwkM-00021-00008246-00008558": "A business is any venture that aims to make a profit.", "a4RaTXcXwkM-00022-00008558-00008948": "A model is always a simplified representation of reality,", "a4RaTXcXwkM-00023-00008950-00009240": "that describes elements and their connections.", "a4RaTXcXwkM-00024-00009246-00009452": "When we combine both words,", "a4RaTXcXwkM-00025-00009452-00009790": "we have ‘business model’,  which does describes just that:", "a4RaTXcXwkM-00026-00009790-00010112": "it describes the elements of my business  and the linkages between them that", "a4RaTXcXwkM-00027-00010112-00010490": "I need in order to make a profit.", "a4RaTXcXwkM-00028-00010508-00011228": "The different terms and concepts of different authors all revolve around the question of what elements", "a4RaTXcXwkM-00029-00011228-00011356": "and what connections we are looking at.", "a4RaTXcXwkM-00030-00011434-00011982": "Here I'd like to present a practical definition by Oliver Gassmann from the University of St. Gallen", "a4RaTXcXwkM-00031-00011984-00012692": "and the tool I think is most commonly used, from Osterwalder and Pigneur, the Business Model Canvas.", "a4RaTXcXwkM-00032-00012750-00013026": "Oliver Gassmann defines a business model like this:", "a4RaTXcXwkM-00033-00013110-00013986": "A business model defines  “Who are the customers?”  “What is sold?”  “How you make it?” and  “Why does this make a profit?”  Or for short: who-what-how-value.   Gassmann et al. (2011,S.198)", "a4RaTXcXwkM-00034-00014050-00014578": "To create a business model,  Gassmann put the questions graphically in a triangle", "a4RaTXcXwkM-00035-00014578-00015136": "Who? What? How? and Value?", "a4RaTXcXwkM-00036-00015172-00015372": "Firstly: Who?", "a4RaTXcXwkM-00037-00015374-00015704": "The question of the customers or the ideal customer.", "a4RaTXcXwkM-00038-00015704-00016146": "To be successful, I must know my customer segments,", "a4RaTXcXwkM-00039-00016146-00016454": "I must know who I should be talking to", "a4RaTXcXwkM-00040-00016454-00016794": "and who I don't want to talk to.", "a4RaTXcXwkM-00041-00016794-00017246": "The customer, my customer,  is at the centre of my business model.", "a4RaTXcXwkM-00042-00017290-00017483": "Secondly: What?", "a4RaTXcXwkM-00043-00017542-00017864": "The value proposition:  What am I offering the customers?", "a4RaTXcXwkM-00044-00017864-00018240": "What am I offering the customers to meet my needs?", "a4RaTXcXwkM-00045-00018308-00018880": "The value proposition describes everything in my business that is of benefit to the customer.", "a4RaTXcXwkM-00046-00018994-00019190": "Thirdly: How?", "a4RaTXcXwkM-00047-00019254-00019816": "How do I create the product or service so that I can  fulfil my promise to the customers?", "a4RaTXcXwkM-00048-00019832-00020266": "This means the whole value creation chain,  with all processes,", "a4RaTXcXwkM-00049-00020266-00020694": "all activities, all resources and all abilities.", "a4RaTXcXwkM-00050-00020806-00021050": "Fourthly: The value.", "a4RaTXcXwkM-00051-00021128-00021534": "How do I create the value,  what is the revenue mechanism?", "a4RaTXcXwkM-00052-00021534-00022078": "What are the biggest cost blocks,  what are the biggest cost drivers,", "a4RaTXcXwkM-00053-00022078-00022734": "what are my main revenue streams,  what are my customers willing to pay for?", "a4RaTXcXwkM-00054-00022832-00023075": "That's a lot of information, isn't it?", "a4RaTXcXwkM-00055-00023076-00023742": "Do you think it is easy, or hard,  to answer these questions?", "a4RaTXcXwkM-00056-00023746-00024286": "And when you have them worked out,  what do you do with all the answers?", "a4RaTXcXwkM-00057-00024372-00024896": "You should use them to organize your  business in such a way", "a4RaTXcXwkM-00058-00024896-00025298": "that you reach the business  goals you have set yourself.", "a4RaTXcXwkM-00059-00025302-00025639": "In most cases this is the maximization of your profit,", "a4RaTXcXwkM-00060-00025639-00026066": "but it is also about guiding your strategy  in the right direction.", "a4RaTXcXwkM-00061-00026180-00026588": "Another definition from Osterwalder and Pigneur is this:", "a4RaTXcXwkM-00062-00027576-00028054": "Like Gassmann, they identify the individual elements  and their connections.", "a4RaTXcXwkM-00063-00028054-00028368": "To do this, they use the Business Model Canvas,", "a4RaTXcXwkM-00064-00028368-00028618": "which is used very often nowadays.", "a4RaTXcXwkM-00065-00028666-00029548": "The canvas is where you create a graphical representation of your questions and answers", "a4RaTXcXwkM-00066-00029548-00029816": "about the elements of your  business and their connections.", "a4RaTXcXwkM-00067-00029876-00030192": "It helps you communicate about your strategy,", "a4RaTXcXwkM-00068-00030192-00030330": "strengthens teamwork,", "a4RaTXcXwkM-00069-00030330-00030856": "and creates a visual representation of the business.", "a4RaTXcXwkM-00070-00030958-00031636": "The canvas consists of nine different fields that describe the elements and their connections.", "a4RaTXcXwkM-00071-00031636-00032027": "There are four main themes:", "a4RaTXcXwkM-00072-00032068-00032239": "First, the product", "a4RaTXcXwkM-00073-00032239-00032439": "Second, the infrastructure", "a4RaTXcXwkM-00074-00032492-00032710": "Third, the customer interface", "a4RaTXcXwkM-00075-00032710-00032918": "Fourth, the financial aspects.", "a4RaTXcXwkM-00076-00033124-00033254": "In the rest of this session,", "a4RaTXcXwkM-00077-00033254-00033552": "we will look at the four blocks and  the nine fields more closely.", "a4RaTXcXwkM-00078-00033552-00034008": "In each of the nine fields there are  many questions to answer", "a4RaTXcXwkM-00079-00034008-00034312": "in order to identify the elements and their connections.", "a4RaTXcXwkM-00080-00034388-00034764": "In the first block, we look at the value proposition.", "a4RaTXcXwkM-00081-00034812-00035105": "As the core element, we put this in the foreground.", "a4RaTXcXwkM-00082-00035105-00035401": "Usually this is a product or a service.", "a4RaTXcXwkM-00083-00035426-00036052": "The value proposition means that with our product or service we are meeting a need of the customer", "a4RaTXcXwkM-00084-00036052-00036246": "at least, we ought to be.", "a4RaTXcXwkM-00085-00036272-00036554": "So here I ask the following questions:", "a4RaTXcXwkM-00086-00036554-00036758": "What problem are we solving for the customer?", "a4RaTXcXwkM-00087-00036758-00037108": "What is it that the customer wants?", "a4RaTXcXwkM-00088-00037108-00038224": "What is the value of my service or product  – why does the customer want to buy it or use it?", "a4RaTXcXwkM-00089-00038352-00038602": "In the second block, we have three fields", "a4RaTXcXwkM-00090-00038602-00039128": "these are about the things I need in  order to create my value.", "a4RaTXcXwkM-00091-00039146-00039768": "Who are my key partners, who are my key suppliers?", "a4RaTXcXwkM-00092-00039778-00040478": "What are the key activities these partners do  and what resources do I get from my partners?", "a4RaTXcXwkM-00093-00040538-00040736": "Secondly: key resources.", "a4RaTXcXwkM-00094-00040772-00041364": "what are the key resources I need to make  my product or service?", "a4RaTXcXwkM-00095-00041410-00041667": "And thirdly: key activities.", "a4RaTXcXwkM-00096-00041668-00042096": "What are the key activities that are  necessary to produce my value?", "a4RaTXcXwkM-00097-00042266-00042730": "In the third block everything is about  my customer or the customer.", "a4RaTXcXwkM-00098-00042730-00042972": "First of all, about the customer segments.", "a4RaTXcXwkM-00099-00042972-00043297": "Who is my customer and how can  I meet their needs and requirements?", "a4RaTXcXwkM-00100-00043298-00043844": "Who are the most important customers,  or is there only one?", "a4RaTXcXwkM-00101-00043844-00044084": "This question should not be underestimated,", "a4RaTXcXwkM-00102-00044084-00044606": "because I can't concentrate on all of them and  need to focus where I am using my resources.", "a4RaTXcXwkM-00103-00044650-00044884": "Secondly, the customer relationships:", "a4RaTXcXwkM-00104-00044884-00045186": "what different kinds of customer  relationships am I making,", "a4RaTXcXwkM-00105-00045186-00045464": "what relationships do I offer to customers,  and how do I look after those relationships?", "a4RaTXcXwkM-00106-00045464-00045823": "The next question is what kind of  relationship the customer expects", "a4RaTXcXwkM-00107-00045824-00046050": "and how cost intensive is it?", "a4RaTXcXwkM-00108-00046050-00046470": "Have I already established these relationships  or what effort do I need to put into them?", "a4RaTXcXwkM-00109-00046512-00046716": "Thirdly, the channels:", "a4RaTXcXwkM-00110-00046716-00046990": "how do I communicate as an entrepreneur", "a4RaTXcXwkM-00111-00046990-00047580": "and how do I deliver my value  or provide the value to the customer.", "a4RaTXcXwkM-00112-00047802-00048101": "In the last block then we have the financial aspects;", "a4RaTXcXwkM-00113-00048101-00048394": "the first of these are the revenue streams.", "a4RaTXcXwkM-00114-00048394-00048626": "How do I create revenues", "a4RaTXcXwkM-00115-00048626-00049314": "is that by selling something, is it a user fee, is it a licence fee, is it advertising, or rent or leasing?", "a4RaTXcXwkM-00116-00049314-00049626": "What is the customer willing to pay for", "a4RaTXcXwkM-00117-00049626-00050124": "is the price dependent on the product features,  the customer segment or the quantity?", "a4RaTXcXwkM-00118-00050124-00050612": "What does the customer pay for and how do they pay and how do they like to pay?", "a4RaTXcXwkM-00119-00050658-00051002": "How much does each of the different revenue  streams contribute to the total revenue?", "a4RaTXcXwkM-00120-00051044-00051282": "Secondly, the cost structure.", "a4RaTXcXwkM-00121-00051282-00051644": "What are the most important costs  in my business model?", "a4RaTXcXwkM-00122-00051644-00051996": "Is my business model more cost-oriented  or more value-oriented?", "a4RaTXcXwkM-00123-00052034-00052434": "What key activities or what resources  are most expensive,", "a4RaTXcXwkM-00124-00052434-00052832": "and how do they affect my total cost structure?", "a4RaTXcXwkM-00125-00052986-00053291": "So to sum up, I think that was really a lot of information,", "a4RaTXcXwkM-00126-00053291-00053914": "but with the explanation of Business Model Canvas we can see how much information,", "a4RaTXcXwkM-00127-00053914-00054382": "questions and answers and strategy  can fit into this canvas.", "a4RaTXcXwkM-00128-00054422-00054660": "But back to the question I asked you:", "a4RaTXcXwkM-00129-00054660-00055047": "Do you know now what a business model is  and can you explain it to me?", "a4RaTXcXwkM-00130-00055047-00055296": "I think that should be clear now.", "a4RaTXcXwkM-00131-00055337-00055586": "But since we want to start a business,", "a4RaTXcXwkM-00132-00055586-00055853": "it won't be enough to just know  the theoretical background;", "a4RaTXcXwkM-00133-00055854-00056258": "we need to be able to draw up a  Business Model Canvas for real.", "a4RaTXcXwkM-00134-00056258-00056605": "We will learn to do this step by step in this MOOC.", "a4RaTXcXwkM-00135-00056610-00057091": "Until then, enjoy your journey  and get ready to start your business!"}}, {"audio_id": "a4RRPAbbCjk", "text": {"a4RRPAbbCjk-00000-00000282-00000461": "- What happens once you're home?", "a4RRPAbbCjk-00001-00000461-00000688": "This is an exciting time for you and your family.", "a4RRPAbbCjk-00002-00000688-00000924": "And while you're eager to introduce your new bundle of joy", "a4RRPAbbCjk-00003-00000924-00001047": "to your friends and family,", "a4RRPAbbCjk-00004-00001047-00001298": "at this time of increased concern about illness,", "a4RRPAbbCjk-00005-00001298-00001437": "we want to help you keep you", "a4RRPAbbCjk-00006-00001437-00001642": "and your family healthy and safe.", "a4RRPAbbCjk-00007-00001642-00001925": "We recommend that you not allow visitors to your home,", "a4RRPAbbCjk-00008-00001925-00002085": "and that you minimize the number of people", "a4RRPAbbCjk-00009-00002085-00002270": "who touch or hold your baby.", "a4RRPAbbCjk-00010-00002270-00002539": "Consider having video alternatives or sharing pictures", "a4RRPAbbCjk-00011-00002539-00002669": "with your loved ones.", "a4RRPAbbCjk-00012-00002669-00002896": "If visitors do come, they should wash their hands", "a4RRPAbbCjk-00013-00002896-00003086": "with soap and water for 20 seconds,", "a4RRPAbbCjk-00014-00003086-00003270": "use hand sanitizer often,", "a4RRPAbbCjk-00015-00003270-00003572": "and maintain at least six feet of distance from the baby.", "a4RRPAbbCjk-00016-00003572-00003781": "And no one with a cough, cold,", "a4RRPAbbCjk-00017-00003781-00003949": "or fever should visit the baby.", "a4RRPAbbCjk-00018-00003949-00004054": "Let friends and family know", "a4RRPAbbCjk-00019-00004054-00004236": "that they can still do their part to help you", "a4RRPAbbCjk-00020-00004236-00004342": "and your new baby.", "a4RRPAbbCjk-00021-00004342-00004632": "They can drop off a box of diapers, bags of groceries,", "a4RRPAbbCjk-00022-00004632-00004778": "and prepared meals.", "a4RRPAbbCjk-00023-00004778-00005021": "Another way they can help is by donating blood.", "a4RRPAbbCjk-00024-00005021-00005206": "There is a severe shortage of blood", "a4RRPAbbCjk-00025-00005206-00005375": "during the COVID-19 crisis, and", "a4RRPAbbCjk-00026-00005375-00005677": "this is a great way to show support for our communities.", "a4RRPAbbCjk-00027-00005677-00005929": "By keeping a safe distance during the outbreak,", "a4RRPAbbCjk-00028-00005929-00006256": "they are helping to keep you and your baby safe and healthy."}}, {"audio_id": "a54dvmCM2By", "text": {"a54dvmCM2By-00000-00005305-00005622": "Guys, as a tradition, I will show you  a room", "a54dvmCM2By-00001-00005653-00005815": "in my hotel", "a54dvmCM2By-00002-00005848-00006166": "It is on North beach", "a54dvmCM2By-00003-00006170-00006392": "I paid  30 thousand rubles for 3 days", "a54dvmCM2By-00004-00006474-00006778": "But the room is big", "a54dvmCM2By-00005-00006778-00007054": "A hotel is a bit old", "a54dvmCM2By-00006-00007054-00007350": "But you have everything", "a54dvmCM2By-00007-00007350-00007608": "Here is a swimming pool, a direct track to the ocean", "a54dvmCM2By-00008-00007608-00007816": "Look, so , you get in", "a54dvmCM2By-00009-00007854-00008130": "And you see a cool varian of a kitchen", "a54dvmCM2By-00010-00008130-00008402": "A microwave", "a54dvmCM2By-00011-00008403-00008682": "for 5 people", "a54dvmCM2By-00012-00008740-00009002": "It is a huge one", "a54dvmCM2By-00013-00009002-00009322": "A huge fridge", "a54dvmCM2By-00014-00009322-00009662": "I don't have anything , but here is the most important thing", "a54dvmCM2By-00016-00009822-00010082": "A huge room", "a54dvmCM2By-00017-00010084-00010402": "two huge beds. If you consider to come with children", "a54dvmCM2By-00018-00010404-00010706": "2 kids are here", "a54dvmCM2By-00019-00010706-00011116": "A mother  and a father in-law  are here", "a54dvmCM2By-00021-00011298-00011398": "And the balcony", "a54dvmCM2By-00022-00011468-00011796": "If you pay more", "a54dvmCM2By-00023-00011796-00011970": "You will have a view there", "a54dvmCM2By-00024-00012022-00012366": "to Madrid, to the beach actually", "a54dvmCM2By-00025-00012376-00012610": "A see view.", "a54dvmCM2By-00026-00012640-00012920": "It is so nice", "a54dvmCM2By-00027-00012920-00013156": "I can't complain about anything", "a54dvmCM2By-00028-00013156-00013456": "Even if you have paid 10k(rubles) per night", "a54dvmCM2By-00029-00013457-00013742": "You have to pay 15 dollars", "a54dvmCM2By-00031-00013986-00014310": "This is a beach fee", "a54dvmCM2By-00032-00014326-00014638": "But for Miami 10k per night is a low price", "a54dvmCM2By-00033-00014638-00014942": "Guys , I wanna show you this thing as well", "a54dvmCM2By-00034-00014942-00015262": "It is a typical coffee", "a54dvmCM2By-00035-00015324-00015614": "You pour in water there and here is such a thing", "a54dvmCM2By-00036-00015614-00015922": "it is filtered coffee", "a54dvmCM2By-00037-00015922-00016242": "It is coffee like a filter", "a54dvmCM2By-00038-00016242-00016348": "I have just teared this packet", "a54dvmCM2By-00039-00016396-00016692": "This is how it looks like. It is  like a sachet of tea but it is coffee", "a54dvmCM2By-00040-00016728-00016978": "You put it in there", "a54dvmCM2By-00041-00017108-00017398": "You pour it with machine", "a54dvmCM2By-00042-00017398-00017700": "have put a cup and pressed a button", "a54dvmCM2By-00043-00017700-00018190": "and now some water will drip through the bag and you will have coffee", "a54dvmCM2By-00044-00018278-00018560": "coffee turns watery", "a54dvmCM2By-00045-00018560-00018855": "the taste is not saturated", "a54dvmCM2By-00046-00018855-00019177": "Americans also love poweder", "a54dvmCM2By-00047-00019177-00019474": "If you want milk and you don't have it , you might use this sachet", "a54dvmCM2By-00048-00019482-00019762": "It is like dried milk", "a54dvmCM2By-00050-00022100-00022402": "Guys, in America is such a thing that", "a54dvmCM2By-00051-00022406-00022732": "Here is not a shopping centre but parking", "a54dvmCM2By-00052-00022742-00023050": "You have a big parking", "a54dvmCM2By-00054-00023430-00023728": "and around the parking lot", "a54dvmCM2By-00055-00023728-00023884": "are shops", "a54dvmCM2By-00056-00023954-00024252": "like cafes", "a54dvmCM2By-00057-00024252-00024548": "and etc", "a54dvmCM2By-00058-00024548-00024648": "And", "a54dvmCM2By-00059-00024656-00024858": "You get a shopping mall", "a54dvmCM2By-00060-00024918-00025230": "but around the parking lot", "a54dvmCM2By-00061-00025230-00025574": "You can drive to any shop with your car", "a54dvmCM2By-00062-00025574-00025998": "Now I wanna show you how a сrosswalk and traffic light", "a54dvmCM2By-00063-00025998-00026206": "You come up", "a54dvmCM2By-00064-00026206-00026548": "and you press the button if you need to go across", "a54dvmCM2By-00065-00026554-00027218": "You press the button and  you cross the road", "a54dvmCM2By-00066-00027342-00027648": "It is a common thing everywhere", "a54dvmCM2By-00067-00027648-00027748": "Also", "a54dvmCM2By-00068-00027794-00028086": "I wanna show you how the pedestian tracks are made", "a54dvmCM2By-00069-00028086-00028286": "They don't have a standart zebra", "a54dvmCM2By-00070-00028528-00028628": "Here is a brick", "a54dvmCM2By-00071-00028668-00028782": "and here as well", "a54dvmCM2By-00072-00028890-00029222": "It looks more stylish", "a54dvmCM2By-00073-00029222-00029286": "it will not be erased", "a54dvmCM2By-00074-00031600-00031820": "All sidewalks", "a54dvmCM2By-00075-00031918-00032056": "at crossroads", "a54dvmCM2By-00076-00032180-00032380": "They have a way down", "a54dvmCM2By-00077-00032504-00032732": "and a way up", "a54dvmCM2By-00078-00032792-00033056": "So, if you drive somwthing", "a54dvmCM2By-00079-00033120-00033220": "by bike", "a54dvmCM2By-00080-00033236-00033344": "or by scooter", "a54dvmCM2By-00081-00033450-00033698": "You just drive in and drive out , you don't stop", "a54dvmCM2By-00082-00033752-00033886": "don't jump on it", "a54dvmCM2By-00083-00033930-00034224": "Like huge sidewalks", "a54dvmCM2By-00084-00034290-00034464": "Everywhere are descent and ascent", "a54dvmCM2By-00085-00034504-00034604": "Look", "a54dvmCM2By-00086-00034662-00034916": "Literally on the sidewalk is a sign", "a54dvmCM2By-00087-00034996-00035288": "that cyclers may use", "a54dvmCM2By-00088-00035300-00035606": "a whole sidewalk for a ride", "a54dvmCM2By-00089-00035606-00035800": "this whole coastline", "a54dvmCM2By-00090-00035834-00036123": "is literally built with hotels", "a54dvmCM2By-00091-00036126-00036374": "apartment's buildings", "a54dvmCM2By-00093-00036532-00036632": "The building for example", "a54dvmCM2By-00094-00036674-00037008": "60-70 floors", "a54dvmCM2By-00095-00037008-00037311": "Whole skyscrapers  on the coast", "a54dvmCM2By-00096-00037311-00037523": "In my previous blogs I used to tell you", "a54dvmCM2By-00097-00037563-00037724": "about Miami, I have two vlogs", "a54dvmCM2By-00099-00038059-00038159": "One is oabout South beach", "a54dvmCM2By-00101-00038322-00038504": "One of the elite ones", "a54dvmCM2By-00102-00038674-00038992": "but now I am on North beach", "a54dvmCM2By-00103-00038998-00039281": "And basically", "a54dvmCM2By-00104-00039281-00039566": "What is the difference", "a54dvmCM2By-00105-00039600-00039742": "The South beach is more for party", "a54dvmCM2By-00106-00039742-00039944": "It is more expensive", "a54dvmCM2By-00107-00040000-00040584": "There is always a movement . The North beach  is more chilled", "a54dvmCM2By-00108-00040584-00040666": "Here are less parties", "a54dvmCM2By-00109-00040712-00040899": "it is more relaxing", "a54dvmCM2By-00111-00043643-00043743": "Guys, I have just been running", "a54dvmCM2By-00114-00044832-00044932": "And I have come to the pear", "a54dvmCM2By-00115-00045172-00045486": "It is a special one  for fishing", "a54dvmCM2By-00116-00045786-00045886": "I was running without shoes", "a54dvmCM2By-00117-00046194-00046434": "And I was not allowed to het on the pier without shoes", "a54dvmCM2By-00118-00046434-00046634": "Because there might be hooks", "a54dvmCM2By-00119-00046876-00047198": "The thing is that it  is all made for  fishermen", "a54dvmCM2By-00120-00047316-00047916": "On the pier , every meter  there are special mounts for fishing rods", "a54dvmCM2By-00121-00048082-00048290": "There are also some chopping boards", "a54dvmCM2By-00122-00048414-00048514": "for fish", "a54dvmCM2By-00123-00048594-00048772": "So, if you have caught it , you might chop it", "a54dvmCM2By-00124-00048896-00049256": "Everything is for people. There is water to wash your items", "a54dvmCM2By-00125-00049656-00050030": "And alongside the pier fishermen are walking .", "a54dvmCM2By-00126-00050030-00050230": "Children", "a54dvmCM2By-00127-00050272-00050466": "Here is a fishing bar as well", "a54dvmCM2By-00129-00050722-00050822": "I have been told", "a54dvmCM2By-00130-00050894-00051600": "The water on the north beach is  assumed to be  the cleanest in Miami", "a54dvmCM2By-00131-00057426-00057692": "I did not want to go anywhere , I wanted to order a dilvery", "a54dvmCM2By-00132-00057748-00058060": "Home delivery", "a54dvmCM2By-00133-00058060-00058210": "So , I found a Chinese restaurant", "a54dvmCM2By-00134-00058244-00058344": "chose everything", "a54dvmCM2By-00135-00058376-00058576": "When you choose , you see a sign  it costs 2 bucks to deliver", "a54dvmCM2By-00136-00058730-00058962": "Especially it has to take only 5 mins  from here", "a54dvmCM2By-00137-00058996-00059298": "Then I got in,  chose", "a54dvmCM2By-00138-00059298-00059454": "and before  payment", "a54dvmCM2By-00139-00059514-00060072": "All food is 20 dollars but I got the bill of  30 dollars", "a54dvmCM2By-00140-00060140-00060450": "Then I checked and saw a service fee", "a54dvmCM2By-00141-00060451-00060730": "tips for delivery", "a54dvmCM2By-00142-00060730-00061020": "and something like", "a54dvmCM2By-00143-00061020-00061348": "So, 10 dollars", "a54dvmCM2By-00144-00061366-00061818": "650 rubles I had to pay for nothing", "a54dvmCM2By-00146-00061916-00062182": "S, as you see, here are some hidden charges", "a54dvmCM2By-00147-00062218-00062318": "Now", "a54dvmCM2By-00148-00062352-00062634": "I am on the bus stop", "a54dvmCM2By-00149-00062634-00062734": "and", "a54dvmCM2By-00150-00062776-00062876": "my task is", "a54dvmCM2By-00151-00062904-00063230": "to go get by bus from north beach", "a54dvmCM2By-00152-00063428-00063528": "to south beach", "a54dvmCM2By-00153-00063592-00063792": "the bus is 2 dollars 25 cents", "a54dvmCM2By-00154-00063984-00064234": "They accept only cash", "a54dvmCM2By-00156-00069600-00069856": "Where are now, guys ?", "a54dvmCM2By-00157-00069856-00069984": "We are", "a54dvmCM2By-00158-00070046-00070356": "on south beach", "a54dvmCM2By-00159-00070356-00070692": "The room , where I am in  ,  costs 20", "a54dvmCM2By-00160-00070718-00071020": "My small recommendations if you have decided to come here", "a54dvmCM2By-00161-00071020-00071300": "in America in many hotels", "a54dvmCM2By-00162-00071300-00071600": "they take a deposit"}}, {"audio_id": "a5iJeuy2R4Q", "text": {"a5iJeuy2R4Q-00000-00000372-00000456": "I look around me", "a5iJeuy2R4Q-00001-00000474-00000890": "and I see a world of opportunity and creativity", "a5iJeuy2R4Q-00002-00000926-00001086": "of discovery and wonder.", "a5iJeuy2R4Q-00003-00001144-00001334": "I see kids making medical breakthroughs", "a5iJeuy2R4Q-00004-00001334-00001660": "and retirees learning to code for the first time.", "a5iJeuy2R4Q-00005-00001757-00001944": "But that's just the tip of the iceberg!", "a5iJeuy2R4Q-00006-00001982-00002140": "We landed a probe on a comet.", "a5iJeuy2R4Q-00007-00002146-00002282": "A FREAKING Comet!!!", "a5iJeuy2R4Q-00008-00002344-00002520": "Smallpox - Eliminated!", "a5iJeuy2R4Q-00009-00002536-00002732": "War, crime and infant mortality rates", "a5iJeuy2R4Q-00010-00002782-00003058": "all lower than ever before and declining!", "a5iJeuy2R4Q-00011-00003102-00003256": "Today's billionaires got started", "a5iJeuy2R4Q-00012-00003256-00003360": "in their mom's basement", "a5iJeuy2R4Q-00013-00003360-00003479": "or their friend's garage!", "a5iJeuy2R4Q-00014-00003578-00003842": "We carry the entire collective of human knowledge", "a5iJeuy2R4Q-00015-00003842-00004040": "and information on a supercomputer", "a5iJeuy2R4Q-00016-00004040-00004138": "in our POCKET!!!", "a5iJeuy2R4Q-00017-00004138-00004304": "And this is just the beginning.", "a5iJeuy2R4Q-00018-00004438-00004662": "70% of Americans hate their jobs.", "a5iJeuy2R4Q-00019-00004716-00004854": "And less than 5% of people", "a5iJeuy2R4Q-00020-00004854-00005040": "are high-achieving world-changers.", "a5iJeuy2R4Q-00021-00005100-00005342": "But there's nothing intrinsically different about them.", "a5iJeuy2R4Q-00022-00005342-00005565": "they just haven't found their passion!", "a5iJeuy2R4Q-00023-00005566-00005774": "Imagine what this world could accomplish", "a5iJeuy2R4Q-00024-00005774-00006000": "if we unlocked the other 95 percent.", "a5iJeuy2R4Q-00025-00006064-00006184": "The only thing stopping you", "a5iJeuy2R4Q-00026-00006184-00006321": "from radically advancing history", "a5iJeuy2R4Q-00027-00006348-00006406": "is you!", "a5iJeuy2R4Q-00028-00006430-00006636": "The only difference between a smart person", "a5iJeuy2R4Q-00029-00006636-00006731": "and a dumb person", "a5iJeuy2R4Q-00030-00006731-00006885": "is how they spend their time!", "a5iJeuy2R4Q-00031-00006958-00007118": "Unlock your curiosity!", "a5iJeuy2R4Q-00032-00007162-00007314": "Become a game changer!", "a5iJeuy2R4Q-00033-00007368-00007418": "Dare", "a5iJeuy2R4Q-00034-00007484-00007564": "to explore!"}}, {"audio_id": "a5kNDsoLk2k", "text": {"a5kNDsoLk2k-00000-00005101-00006889": "good morning gang I already checked out my fluid they all doing that sticking with lice for date", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00001-00006889-00007840": "night for a flatbed truck special request you asked for it I'm gonna give it to you", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00002-00009434-00010070": "in 0.2 miles jerk I got hook our build event take the entrance to the left 200 feet", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00003-00010476-00011196": "if I to get on i-95 right now just live from the little truck stop then I brought my truck", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00004-00011196-00012896": "it is I gotta fly south in North Carolina it's rider is xt 72 spring shucks well they got Wow", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00005-00012896-00013709": "Wow this is exit 72 slope got 72 miles and we hit the water North Carolina South Carolina", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00006-00013999-00014779": "got a weight station on this road probably in about about 50 miles got a weigh station on", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00007-00014779-00015552": "the way station their waste issue here are the air closest most time you always got a boolean", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00008-00015784-00015976": "look a lot of innovation straight", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00009-00016260-00016688": "free pants don't work on these I play the only one enough gun", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00010-00016688-00017807": "that you might get a pass maybe it's 185 degrees were gonna take the interest to", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00011-00017807-00018275": "the left I've been on 95 for either bottle about a mile or half for it", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00012-00018500-00019286": "gonna be there set my cruise control just all right okay 98 miles till I get off on my next", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00013-00019286-00020222": "Hicks so this will be 8178 Forks South Carolina State Route 327 then the emails when we get there", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00014-00020222-00021043": "once we get off we got eight miles of this nation pretty much the coast all down Howard", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00015-00021806-00022976": "so we just made it the course my next two right there for 70 South Carolina points are seven", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00016-00023143-00023608": "you got a pilot over it I've been to that before", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00017-00024827-00026214": "so quick of Rights little darlings I've been out there I've been there 40 drugs yes gracefully Andy", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00018-00028450-00029407": "Thanks got another eight no national summit left on 53:27 south Barnes Airport in that", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00019-00029407-00030301": "turn left in 200 and it is kind of kind of slow did you serve at the lake", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00020-00030517-00030970": "so eight miles you know national cemetery bro", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00021-00032333-00032758": "in a quarter mile turn left on this National Cemetery room", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00022-00035930-00036233": "despite we made it game still bad", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00023-00036608-00037334": "receiving entrance I'm here the right place receive an entrance", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00024-00037821-00038475": "in 800 feet turn left on steel though we're definitely at the right place", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00025-00038475-00038835": "because I just saw gonna pee and it's true right there in front of", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00026-00039171-00039534": "this phone in the office says office right there", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00027-00039763-00039958": "pull up to the side we're going", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00028-00042468-00043392": "so I just went chicken lady told me to keep pulling down there they'll come", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00029-00043392-00044505": "out and give me not sure where this guy's going like she's trying to oh there he is", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00030-00044869-00045643": "here where it is they want to come in", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00031-00045909-00046377": "so I'll just sit right here in the meantime", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00032-00046377-00047037": "I go here to nah yes I start taking some of my buddies off", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00033-00048736-00050353": "hey y'all never watched one of those unboxing videos on YouTube or the people", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00034-00050353-00051238": "by those Amazon boxes and then they make a bomb and they do a video on home boxes", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00035-00051654-00052132": "that's how I feel about this download right here I don't know what the hell", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00036-00052132-00052504": "I know it's the middle I'm and I'm damn straps was so tight I had to fight just", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00037-00052504-00052963": "to break the winch on them so now we're bout to unbox this thing see what we working with", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00038-00054196-00054859": "I'm about to do something I haven't done in a while last time I did it with a black clock", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00039-00055082-00055330": "the fold is chocolate and it's happy to move", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00040-00077576-00079289": "I'm just not a master talker my master roller is with I got I got the talk bro got talks off", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00041-00079289-00080099": "all the straps except for - all that - up there that you can't be riding around the yard without", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00042-00080099-00081272": "a little bit of security I waiting on these guys now I first got here check-in lady was like pull", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00043-00081272-00081962": "up there come on get you some pull it up I talked to another guy that was sitting out here I guess", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00044-00081962-00082445": "it was on break when I first got here everybody was sitting outside smoking cigarettes and all", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00045-00082445-00083102": "that so the guy told me he was like go ahead take the tops off and unstrapping and somebody to come", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00046-00083102-00083939": "out and get you so cuz they're all may know that takes us I'm good I just looked at my off-duty", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00047-00083939-00084743": "tough I've been off duty for 34 minutes hey you know we got a show with all the time while we're", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00048-00084743-00085277": "getting unload it and load it so when I pull up no I showed the unload in time on the Qualcomm", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00049-00085277-00086132": "of course yeah I already got my next local a shot a shot out my homie Demonte the trucker man shot", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00050-00086132-00086855": "of mine I ran across one of his videos yesterday he was talking about his wardrobe and all that", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00051-00086855-00087557": "he told me to stop stealing them folk styles and let me tell y'all something there's a great time", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00052-00087557-00088160": "right here hey they said he's at Walmart man it's selling at Walmart hey you never know where I got", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00053-00088160-00088937": "it from my got a Walmart i mighta got it from down to general hey you never know where it came from", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00054-00089016-00089787": "if y'all wonder what the hell I'm doing right now I'm writing down some information I already got my", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00055-00089787-00090615": "neck flu yeah it popped up on the car car while I was driving but I didn't see what it was until I", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00056-00090615-00091569": "just stopped so guess guess where y'all think this load is boo just take a guess it's born in one of", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00057-00091569-00092529": "my favorite places because it pays the most but I never I never gotten the enjoy all the benefits", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00058-00092529-00093549": "of money because I was a company driver at $350 Easter for a New York Pete I never I never got", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00059-00093549-00094539": "to enjoy all that as a company driver but yeah it's here at the Bronx 706 loaded miles this", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00060-00094539-00095340": "bonus pain where to see let me go back to you as I clicked off I continued with his family to", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00061-00095340-00096303": "Zack it's paying twenty four eighty seven twenty point eighty seven fuel surcharge 324 New York", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00062-00096303-00097281": "City charge 350 so let's do some math real quick let me break out my trusty calculator you let's", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00063-00097281-00098055": "do a little bit of man hey hey this is one guy commented on my snapchat the other day and he said", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00064-00098055-00098694": "he got a buddy you probably gonna see this video and i'ma tell you i'ma tell you cuz the comment", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00065-00098694-00099336": "rubbed me the wrong way when you said and you said I got a buddy that's born that's about to get his", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00066-00099336-00100824": "CDU and he's gonna tell me what it's all about okay so 24 87 my percentage 1740 1740 plus 350", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00067-00100824-00101730": "from New York you get my fuel surcharge plus three twenty four plus three twenty four okay so I'm", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00068-00101730-00102390": "going to make two thousand four hundred fourteen dollars off this one load that's divide that by", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00069-00102390-00103155": "seven hundred that equals three point four four so that's three dollars forty four cents a mile for", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00070-00103155-00103893": "this one load yes that difference is gonna pay off when you meet me in a lease driver go back", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00071-00103893-00104313": "to what I was saying about the guy that made that comment on snapchat I can't remember your name was", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00072-00104313-00104936": "I can't remember who it was man there's so many people I talked to yo you said your buddy your", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00073-00104936-00105648": "buddy was going to get his CDL so he was gonna tell you was a truck driving worth the hike so", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00074-00105648-00106347": "let me say it is first off you know you never want to go up somebody else's opinion with what", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00075-00106347-00107097": "somebody has to is right like me y'all can y'all could watch my videos and y'all can say well he", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00076-00107097-00107706": "seems like he's pretty he's having fun doing it or he seems successful but you know you can't", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00077-00107706-00108276": "take my word for it you can't take my word for it that's the classic question if I jump off the", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00078-00108276-00108714": "bridge are you gonna jump off the bridge behind me sometimes you got to find out for yourself", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00079-00108934-00109505": "so when I make my videos or my blogs that's what they call them you know I don't I don't", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00080-00109505-00110267": "make these videos to persuade anymore in a certain direction like like yo do what I did", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00081-00110267-00110966": "go to Milton go 200 you gonna pee in this I don't know what to persuade you to do it because at the", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00082-00110966-00111650": "end of the day you got to make your own decisions like no one influenced me on the decisions I make", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00083-00111650-00112226": "I mean people people can make recommendations they can make recommendations but no one really", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00084-00112226-00112841": "influenced me you know I look at different you got you got to look at different avenues of", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00085-00112841-00113399": "you look at all these different avenues and you figure out which way you want to go you want to", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00086-00113399-00113843": "go to Walmart you want to go to Walmart you sit at your house you want to go to Walmart you say", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00087-00113843-00114293": "hey damn I gonna take the back road on the take the freeway the head it might be an accident on", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00088-00114293-00114736": "the freeway back road might had too many police I know you might not want to drive on the back road", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00089-00114736-00115328": "this time of the night hey different avenues it's all different roads to get you where you", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00090-00115328-00115964": "going but up but I'm not gonna send my buddy I'm gonna say hey buddy ride down that back", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00091-00115964-00116504": "road see if they got a roadblock Carl back let me know if they got one you buddy might ride", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00092-00116504-00117092": "down that road guess what ain't got a roadblock so he call you hey man ain't got no rule block", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00093-00117569-00117965": "once it got important to travel right here", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00094-00118622-00118703": "so man", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00095-00118921-00119083": "yeah mud", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00096-00120158-00120208": "are", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00097-00120475-00120598": "yes fresh", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00098-00122039-00122642": "yeah like I'm saying your buddy your buddy might go down that road they might not have a roadblock", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00099-00122642-00123758": "he might be hiding but ten minutes later you take your ass down the road they got an arrow blah", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00100-00123867-00124361": "Hey I don't know what I don't know what kind of activity you could be doing but wanna die as", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00101-00124361-00124989": "roblox but I'm just saying it's different rubber blocks that like your buddy your buddy might go", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00102-00124989-00125777": "through a truck driver cooking he might be a [ __ ] they might have an education he might be", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00103-00125777-00126838": "in a bad reason he can't get good lows but you go to that same company you might be I slow Amy you", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00104-00126838-00127243": "gotta find that stuff for yourself I don't always tell somebody where what don't you take my word", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00105-00127506-00128013": "I hate I had a buddy that told me about PMS before I came over here he said hey ma'am", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00106-00128013-00128514": "over here being this you said man try it out think you might like flesh this [ __ ] home", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00107-00128514-00128931": "every weekend the first time was kind of hesitant I said nah man we'll ride it out", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00108-00128931-00129738": "over here Hornady I'm gonna be high but he had a couple of days later that I realized the type", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00109-00129738-00130347": "of those that I was getting at Hornaday like a [ __ ] 400 my load on a Friday to", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00110-00130347-00131079": "deliver Lundy I'm like no no no I can't do this right now I can't do this right here", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00111-00131079-00131727": "hey Nene Annie get one of these chains I fast they're 200 two weeks back maybe three weeks", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00112-00131939-00132458": "hey he didn't work out for me pretty much what it came down to it didn't", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00113-00132458-00133028": "work out for me but have somebody else go 200 they might like you but me didn't work", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00114-00133338-00133623": "I lay outside just damn careful jumping light here soon", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00115-00133816-00134125": "I perspire in this book live guy we got all kind of [ __ ] out", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00116-00134536-00134764": "you got all kind of stuff right away in this place", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00117-00135666-00135777": "I got so much metal", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00118-00135982-00136463": "so much medula here turn the tire for himself", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00119-00136889-00137090": "whoo stay thirsty my friends", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00120-00137562-00137640": "stay thirsty", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00121-00138291-00138732": "as soon as this guy on those I'm headed to Columbia that's where I picked New York", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00122-00138887-00139367": "I'm probably only about nope no more than a hundred miles away", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00123-00140584-00140698": "right arrest", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00124-00141637-00141766": "do what's best for you", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00125-00141992-00142310": "now time to be [ __ ] winking do what's best for you", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00126-00143972-00144809": "almost finished man almost finished so does he getting over this we're gonna head to Columbia", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00127-00144809-00145409": "I guess we'll be there probably about an hour and a half and then at the tops hour and a half penis", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00128-00145409-00146015": "load up hopefully when hopefully we don't got to stay too long we go ahead get it we're gonna hit", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00129-00146015-00147285": "the road ahead in New York City y'all feel great there's our food but two weeks ago I was there", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00130-00147601-00148330": "2061 American tell you a Columbia South Carolina American spy will", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00131-00148330-00149071": "pipe now remember this to see it come weeks ago", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00132-00149594-00149819": "that's a ship truck right there in front of me", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00133-00150117-00150813": "all trucks please stop it window it's already hopeful but I wait I'm gonna go check in first", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00134-00153206-00154211": "yeah it's been two hours I've been waiting that long two hours", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00135-00156494-00159596": "y'all remember the last time I was here couple weeks ago you kept damn damn beeping news", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00136-00162019-00163630": "damn golf course y'all heard it ain't just and it's loud mushroom you gotta back up", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00137-00164782-00166486": "trailer I'm picking up a trailer about a pickup it already got done in Johnny so", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00138-00166486-00167329": "all I need is my damn strap remember I told you this this is a special strap just do it", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00139-00180817-00182698": "I got two pieces up here right now they gotta put another piece up here", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00140-00182698-00184183": "somewhere go ahead come on tell me a couple three on this bottom layer three", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00141-00184183-00185146": "on this bottom land [ __ ] do I see I see them lifting it up so they're probably about finish", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00142-00185742-00187332": "whoever had this trailer before IDs it must've took somebody straps off", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00143-00187332-00190653": "because I don't had three how many going over the top one two three", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00144-00191183-00191558": "one two three four six", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00145-00192107-00194807": "see how we're gonna do this just be one two three one two three so it's gonna be", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00146-00194807-00196439": "three on bottom it's gonna be three on the bottom five on the top we're doing like that", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00147-00196618-00200149": "3:05 some guys come back Quality Assurance guy you come back paperwork looks like this", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00148-00200149-00201004": "him over there right now I gotta move this strap over couple couple spots", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00149-00201242-00201671": "yeah I think they're about to move me now see them I see them", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00150-00201671-00201896": "making some moves over there on that piece of pipe", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00151-00201896-00202466": "right there should be good", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00152-00203318-00204542": "just by the time I tighten this up I should be coming to get me there's third piece", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00153-00204776-00206591": "all right gay doesn't look like I'm in the truck anymore doesn't so check this", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00154-00206591-00207632": "out after they put the third layer up there I had I had it recorded on my GoPro I had", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00155-00207632-00208048": "it up there when I finished it up when they put the third layer I threw five", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00156-00208048-00208637": "more straps I actually ended up putting I ended up putting four I put one more in the", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00157-00208637-00209339": "bottom so I put four one about a four on the top but somehow I don't know how and", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00158-00209561-00210217": "somehow the GoPro didn't save the footage I had it up there I know I had it up there so", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00159-00210217-00211355": "this is the end of the video the subscriber to asked me to do a date in the flatbed life I just", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00160-00211355-00212225": "looked at it his name was Pierre Hall so mr. Pierre Hall mr. Pierre Hall brother he asked", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00161-00212225-00212807": "me for a for a date I gave you a fool date a drop drop off and a pickup I gave your fluid", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00162-00212807-00213860": "date I'm out here in the dam huh having eaten took a shower yet I just came in here said I", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00163-00213860-00214583": "made this video surround us uploading why to get in the shower but that's it", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00164-00215223-00216119": "that is it game before day in the flatbed game and it ended with me being at home it doesn't", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00165-00216119-00217002": "always end like this but just today he ended like this I'm at the house selection I will get", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00166-00217002-00217598": "up in the morning and leave out about 7:00 a.m. and drive all the way to the Bronx in New York", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00167-00217598-00218652": "City I think it's about 500 550 miles something like that but yeah I can do it in a full day I", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00168-00218652-00219180": "could do it in the whole day still have like I wanna have left on my clock the drives huh hey", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00169-00219180-00220116": "I do it almost every week so hey man flatbed game I love y'all hope y'all love me too leave", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00170-00220116-00221019": "me a hundred down in the comments share this video be safe keep on truckin for that big eh", "a5kNDsoLk2k-00171-00222982-00223032": "you"}}, {"audio_id": "a5tizXubv78", "text": {"a5tizXubv78-00000-00000000-00000200": "With recent weather events,", "a5tizXubv78-00001-00000200-00000911": "I wonder if there could be an inversion of the climate characteristic", "a5tizXubv78-00002-00000911-00001212": "of each hemisphere happening...", "a5tizXubv78-00003-00001312-00002212": "Floods that were common in the southern hemisphere, now happening in Europe,", "a5tizXubv78-00004-00002212-00002712": "while in the southern hemisphere we have had intense drought", "a5tizXubv78-00005-00002712-00003411": "causing droughts and low volume of water from the Iguaçu Falls,", "a5tizXubv78-00006-00003411-00004412": "accompanied by an intense cold with snow, which is uncommon in the southern hemisphere,", "a5tizXubv78-00007-00004412-00004912": "with exception from Argentina and Chile.", "a5tizXubv78-00008-00004912-00005512": "Could we be experiencing a climate inversion of the hemispheres?", "a5tizXubv78-00009-00005512-00006112": "With periods of unstable rain and flooding now happening in Europe,", "a5tizXubv78-00010-00006112-00006712": "and stricter seasons happening in the southern hemisphere,", "a5tizXubv78-00011-00006712-00007912": "I wonder how much this could change culture in both hemispheres in the coming decades."}}, {"audio_id": "a5zTrSGiE1M", "text": {"a5zTrSGiE1M-00000-00000012-00000842": "LBW: It seems to me that that Marx because he was addressing various processes that", "a5zTrSGiE1M-00001-00000842-00001404": "were generating the conditions that were in today that even though he wasn't I", "a5zTrSGiE1M-00002-00001404-00001782": "would say I don't think he was spiritual or religious in any if you", "a5zTrSGiE1M-00003-00001782-00002226": "want to use the word spiritual but he doesn't seem to have any sort of you", "a5zTrSGiE1M-00004-00002226-00002865": "know belief in some sort of spiritual or realm that is not very that does not", "a5zTrSGiE1M-00005-00002865-00003207": "that cannot be perceived outside of just material conditions I", "a5zTrSGiE1M-00006-00003207-00003825": "guess he acknowledges certain things and you point this out and it's actually", "a5zTrSGiE1M-00007-00003825-00004320": "pretty interesting because like I said most of my understanding of Marx has", "a5zTrSGiE1M-00008-00004320-00005010": "been through a very through a lens of like we need to overthrow religion and", "a5zTrSGiE1M-00009-00005010-00005423": "we need to overthrow these these oppressive structures and you know I", "a5zTrSGiE1M-00010-00005423-00005907": "think of like Mao's China you know like let's get rid of all of the old ways or", "a5zTrSGiE1M-00011-00005907-00006392": "something like that or you know no religion of any kind but you tease out", "a5zTrSGiE1M-00012-00006392-00007229": "certain passages Marx wrote that have a really strong animist quality to them", "a5zTrSGiE1M-00013-00007229-00007709": "it's really really interesting", "a5zTrSGiE1M-00014-00007709-00007931": "RHYD WILDERMUTH: I think the one place where you know I", "a5zTrSGiE1M-00015-00007931-00008450": "could kind of go on about this for a long time and one day if I'd ever have", "a5zTrSGiE1M-00016-00008450-00008900": "the time and the resources for this I would love to just you know write out", "a5zTrSGiE1M-00017-00008900-00009593": "something about all of the alchemical references that Marx uses in", "a5zTrSGiE1M-00018-00009593-00010047": "Das Kapital but you know there are there are multiple places where he talks about", "a5zTrSGiE1M-00019-00010047-00010836": "the crystallization of value and the way that labor transmutes value you know", "a5zTrSGiE1M-00020-00010836-00011307": "both of those are direct references to alchemical language so that would that", "a5zTrSGiE1M-00021-00011307-00011636": "would mean and it wouldn't be surprising because of course in the 1800's", "a5zTrSGiE1M-00022-00011636-00012332": "you know almost all intellectuals had a passing knowledge of alchemy", "a5zTrSGiE1M-00023-00012332-00012800": "because a lot of the scholars and philosophers from the century before", "a5zTrSGiE1M-00024-00012800-00013247": "had themselves been alchemists so even if you didn't believe alchemy was a thing", "a5zTrSGiE1M-00025-00013247-00013622": "even if you didn't there's any magic or any any real", "a5zTrSGiE1M-00026-00013622-00014061": "science to the whole thing you would have been familiar with the language so", "a5zTrSGiE1M-00027-00014061-00014626": "yeah you can't immediately say that because Marx uses that language he had", "a5zTrSGiE1M-00028-00014626-00015191": "you know any sort of esoteric beliefs but the point that the point where", "a5zTrSGiE1M-00029-00015191-00015918": "he gets shockingly animist is when he talks about the organic composition of", "a5zTrSGiE1M-00030-00015918-00016719": "labour it's kind of a complicated concept but actually you know I can", "a5zTrSGiE1M-00031-00016719-00017250": "find the quote while we're doing it I almost have it memorized but it's when", "a5zTrSGiE1M-00032-00017250-00017906": "he talks about dead labor and he for some reason you know and he doesn't", "a5zTrSGiE1M-00033-00017906-00018819": "do this elsewhere but he talks about vampires and it was one of", "a5zTrSGiE1M-00034-00018819-00019145": "the places where it's like wait a minute what are you doing you're not", "a5zTrSGiE1M-00035-00019145-00019737": "as atheist as you're letting everybody on to or letting everyone", "a5zTrSGiE1M-00036-00019737-00020459": "else think but the I'm sorry I'm trying to find it her but basically", "a5zTrSGiE1M-00037-00020459-00021185": "he says capital is dead labor that vampire like sucks the life", "a5zTrSGiE1M-00038-00021185-00021854": "of living labor and lives the more the more it sucks so in that passage he's", "a5zTrSGiE1M-00039-00021854-00022313": "talking about how he's talking about a primitive accumulation which", "a5zTrSGiE1M-00040-00022313-00023187": "is the way that capital was gotten from slaves from colonial pillaging and", "a5zTrSGiE1M-00041-00023187-00024065": "conquest from enclosure and other just seizures of wealth that wealth is what", "a5zTrSGiE1M-00042-00024065-00024629": "became the capital that the capitalist class now and in the beginning of", "a5zTrSGiE1M-00043-00024629-00025190": "capital used to build factories to buy large spots of land in order to grow", "a5zTrSGiE1M-00044-00025190-00025782": "cotton to buy more slaves to pick that cotton to then send", "a5zTrSGiE1M-00045-00025782-00026741": "it to some mills that would comb it and then change it into clothing etc so", "a5zTrSGiE1M-00046-00026741-00027239": "he's talking about that wealth that they started out with as being dead", "a5zTrSGiE1M-00047-00027239-00028063": "labor which is to say that that it came from living people who worked the land", "a5zTrSGiE1M-00048-00028063-00028847": "who worked in the factories etc and created wealth that wealth is what the", "a5zTrSGiE1M-00049-00028847-00029733": "the capitalist takes and then you know like vampires it continues living by", "a5zTrSGiE1M-00050-00029733-00030383": "sucking more off of living labor so you know the the best thing is there a", "a5zTrSGiE1M-00051-00030383-00030731": "good way to look at this is let's look at all of the money that was gotten from", "a5zTrSGiE1M-00052-00030731-00031350": "slavery from the transatlantic slave trade etc you know that money didn't", "a5zTrSGiE1M-00053-00031350-00031739": "go away when when the slaves were freed the the people who had accumulated all", "a5zTrSGiE1M-00054-00031739-00032100": "of that wealth then needed to invest it somewhere else they couldn't keep", "a5zTrSGiE1M-00055-00032100-00032534": "using slaves anymore so a lot of them opened up factories or they opened up", "a5zTrSGiE1M-00056-00032534-00033068": "banks so they bought lots of property etc and then they hired more people to", "a5zTrSGiE1M-00057-00033068-00033450": "work in those now they had to hire them they could have just forced people to do", "a5zTrSGiE1M-00058-00033450-00033968": "it any longer and then those people who were working for them increased the", "a5zTrSGiE1M-00059-00033968-00034622": "wealth of the rich person of the capitalist and so therefore made that", "a5zTrSGiE1M-00060-00034622-00035252": "original accumulation and that primitive accumulation of slave capital become", "a5zTrSGiE1M-00061-00035252-00035805": "bigger like and that's how it continues existing but you know when he talks", "a5zTrSGiE1M-00062-00035805-00036324": "about dead labor when he talks about the way that capital is composed", "a5zTrSGiE1M-00063-00036324-00037088": "organically yeah if you were to look at most animist traditions from South", "a5zTrSGiE1M-00064-00037088-00037677": "America from Africa you would see that you know this isn't a concept that's", "a5zTrSGiE1M-00065-00037677-00038055": "weird to them at all they're like no of course like he's talking about", "a5zTrSGiE1M-00066-00038055-00038606": "ancestors like he's talking about the way that we continue to live the", "a5zTrSGiE1M-00067-00038606-00039077": "lives of our ancestors that everything around us was built by the", "a5zTrSGiE1M-00068-00039077-00039681": "dead and we are composed of the dead you know like we we eat dead things and", "a5zTrSGiE1M-00069-00039681-00040135": "we continue to live and then we will die and", "a5zTrSGiE1M-00070-00040135-00040810": "feed more life you know like out of nowhere supposedly this", "a5zTrSGiE1M-00071-00040810-00041217": "complete atheist who hates religion and all of that", "a5zTrSGiE1M-00072-00041217-00041929": "hits on a deeply animist concept and uses that to explain how the capitalists", "a5zTrSGiE1M-00073-00041929-00042490": "are constantly exploiting not just us in the present but continue to exploit our", "a5zTrSGiE1M-00074-00042490-00043134": "ancestors and the wealth that they got from those ancestors", "a5zTrSGiE1M-00075-00043134-00043498": "LBW: Yeah it's yeah", "a5zTrSGiE1M-00076-00043498-00043981": "that's you know you bring up something which is I think people", "a5zTrSGiE1M-00077-00043981-00044635": "who defend or yeah defend capitalism I guess or believe it's sort", "a5zTrSGiE1M-00078-00044635-00045039": "of based on this sort of idea freedom of entrepreneurship and all these things", "a5zTrSGiE1M-00079-00045039-00045850": "like that capitalism is the best version of human nature right that this comes", "a5zTrSGiE1M-00080-00045850-00046417": "from our impulse to I don't know to make something of ourselves", "a5zTrSGiE1M-00081-00046417-00047035": "whatever that means right and in what really blew my mind and you go over", "a5zTrSGiE1M-00082-00047035-00047434": "this in your book and it it seems to be in direct reference to what Sylvia", "a5zTrSGiE1M-00083-00047434-00047881": "Federici brings up in her book Caliban and the Witch and other writings she has", "a5zTrSGiE1M-00084-00047881-00048577": "written which is you know through the enclosures through the witch hunts that", "a5zTrSGiE1M-00085-00048577-00049069": "was that's the big part of it right it's the sort of getting rid of those", "a5zTrSGiE1M-00086-00049069-00049636": "that stand in even just in the way they live and exist in the world stand in", "a5zTrSGiE1M-00087-00049636-00050215": "opposition to the new order that was emerging after feudalism was kind of", "a5zTrSGiE1M-00088-00050215-00050604": "seen to be not really relevant any longer and they were moving into a new", "a5zTrSGiE1M-00089-00050604-00051139": "way of of doing things and all of these things had to be passed and this", "a5zTrSGiE1M-00090-00051139-00051562": "was all done through the state right you have powerful governments that were kind", "a5zTrSGiE1M-00091-00051562-00052171": "of imposing these new things on people and you know you mentioned the", "a5zTrSGiE1M-00092-00052171-00052570": "enclosures which literally is like to close off land that was once the Commons", "a5zTrSGiE1M-00093-00052570-00052984": "that the peasants basically would share and that was not available to them any", "a5zTrSGiE1M-00094-00052984-00053482": "longer or was really really restricted and this was happening all over Europe", "a5zTrSGiE1M-00095-00053482-00054042": "right and we can kind of see how that gave rise to you know the privatization", "a5zTrSGiE1M-00096-00054042-00054658": "of nature and and practically everything else in order for this system to even", "a5zTrSGiE1M-00097-00054658-00055120": "exist at all there had to be slavery there had to be the enclosures the", "a5zTrSGiE1M-00098-00055120-00055732": "witch hunts like the level of violence that had to be thrown at people over", "a5zTrSGiE1M-00099-00055732-00056197": "hundreds of years to create the conditions required for capitalism to", "a5zTrSGiE1M-00100-00056197-00056691": "function at all it's like completely forgotten almost like it's not in it's", "a5zTrSGiE1M-00101-00056691-00057122": "not present in the awareness or consciousness of many people anymore"}}, {"audio_id": "a5X5gPEAhxE", "text": {"a5X5gPEAhxE-00000-00000650-00000794": "EXCEL SAMURAI DA!", "a5X5gPEAhxE-00001-00000794-00000856": "The Drumming Drum", "a5X5gPEAhxE-00002-00001116-00001610": "Hi Mr. SAMURAI, My friend OKIKU told me she wants to play tic tac toe.", "a5X5gPEAhxE-00003-00001668-00002102": "Hi OTAMA, Ok, actually Excel can make tic tac toe game.", "a5X5gPEAhxE-00004-00002178-00002496": "Really? I want to make tic tac toe in Excel!", "a5X5gPEAhxE-00005-00002608-00002810": "Ok, let me show you how to make it.", "a5X5gPEAhxE-00006-00002810-00002870": "The Drumming Drum", "a5X5gPEAhxE-00007-00003665-00004326": "EXCEL SAMURAI DA!", "a5X5gPEAhxE-00008-00004326-00004400": "The Drumming Drum", "a5X5gPEAhxE-00009-00004744-00005444": "Please subscribe our channel if you like!", "a5X5gPEAhxE-00010-00005574-00005704": "We use following Excel version for this video", "a5X5gPEAhxE-00011-00005710-00005958": "Microsoft Excel for Microsoft 365 MSO (16.0.12827.20200) 32 bit", "a5X5gPEAhxE-00012-00005966-00006196": "Please check How to check version in Microsoft Excel video to check Excel version", "a5X5gPEAhxE-00013-00006350-00006502": "What you can do with Excel", "a5X5gPEAhxE-00014-00006568-00006670": "tic tac toe", "a5X5gPEAhxE-00015-00006844-00006992": "What you can do with Excel?", "a5X5gPEAhxE-00016-00007040-00007384": "You can make a tic tac toe game in Excel. Let’s play it!", "a5X5gPEAhxE-00017-00007436-00007523": "For example:", "a5X5gPEAhxE-00018-00007528-00007752": "You have a table with 3 x 3 cells.", "a5X5gPEAhxE-00019-00007790-00008088": "If select continuous 3 of “X” or “O” will win the game.", "a5X5gPEAhxE-00020-00008128-00008314": "Highlight the cells if win the game.", "a5X5gPEAhxE-00021-00008382-00008678": "First you can prepare a table with 3 x 3 cells.", "a5X5gPEAhxE-00022-00008734-00008844": "Please watch a video.", "a5X5gPEAhxE-00023-00012278-00012808": "Now you can prepare the formula to show “X” / ”O” win where they are continuous 3 cells are filled", "a5X5gPEAhxE-00024-00012863-00013206": "There are 8 patterns for win, so you need to make each 8 formula.", "a5X5gPEAhxE-00025-00013206-00013619": "Top left to bottom right: B3 = C4 = D5", "a5X5gPEAhxE-00026-00013654-00014010": "Top right to bottom left: D3 = C4 = B5", "a5X5gPEAhxE-00027-00014056-00014386": "Top 3: B3 = C3 = D3", "a5X5gPEAhxE-00028-00014434-00014740": "Middle 3: B4 = C4 = D4", "a5X5gPEAhxE-00029-00014782-00015141": "Bottom 3: B5 = C5 = D5", "a5X5gPEAhxE-00030-00015176-00015500": "Left 3: B3 = B4 = B5", "a5X5gPEAhxE-00031-00015530-00015869": "Center 3: C3 = C4 = C5", "a5X5gPEAhxE-00032-00015902-00016234": "Right 3: D3 = D4 = D5", "a5X5gPEAhxE-00033-00016256-00016424": "Please watch next video.", "a5X5gPEAhxE-00034-00033826-00034116": "Next you can show “X” / “O” win on upper the table.", "a5X5gPEAhxE-00035-00034170-00034310": "Please watch next video.", "a5X5gPEAhxE-00036-00041866-00042130": "Now you can highlight the continuous 3 cells.", "a5X5gPEAhxE-00037-00042148-00042408": "You can use the similar formula for detecting winner.", "a5X5gPEAhxE-00038-00042458-00042588": "Please watch next video.", "a5X5gPEAhxE-00039-00073946-00074426": "Now protect the sheet and unlock only the table area, so that nobody can change the formula.", "a5X5gPEAhxE-00040-00074464-00074604": "Please watch next video.", "a5X5gPEAhxE-00041-00078072-00078302": "Lastly, let’s play tic tac toe!", "a5X5gPEAhxE-00042-00078344-00078470": "Please watch next video.", "a5X5gPEAhxE-00043-00083874-00083946": "How was it?", "a5X5gPEAhxE-00044-00083992-00084274": "Now you can start creating tic tac toe in Excel.", "a5X5gPEAhxE-00045-00084322-00084734": "You can download this Excel file. Please refer to description of this video.", "a5X5gPEAhxE-00046-00084774-00084910": "Please enjoy Excel.", "a5X5gPEAhxE-00047-00084974-00085070": "By SAMURAI", "a5X5gPEAhxE-00048-00085334-00085810": "Thank you, Mr. SAMURAI! Now I can play tic tac toe with OKIKU!", "a5X5gPEAhxE-00049-00085906-00086372": "That is good. You can also make many types of games in Excel if you use VBA.", "a5X5gPEAhxE-00050-00086464-00086916": "Wow, I want to play other games as well. But I don’t know VBA...", "a5X5gPEAhxE-00051-00086980-00087524": "Let’s think what kind of games you want to do. VBA is a program language and not so easy.", "a5X5gPEAhxE-00052-00087796-00087956": "Thank you for watching!", "a5X5gPEAhxE-00053-00087956-00088538": "Please subscribe our channel if you like!", "a5X5gPEAhxE-00054-00088538-00089130": "Please follow our SNS (Facebook, Twitter and Instagram) in description of this video."}}, {"audio_id": "a688yghQIXc", "text": {"a688yghQIXc-00000-00000012-00001968": "hey it's Jackie and welcome back to my channel I am currently driving to Tampa", "a688yghQIXc-00001-00001968-00002556": "and we are headed to the Taylor Swift heiress tour me and Tyler are so excited and I've been", "a688yghQIXc-00002-00002556-00002892": "getting ready in the car because it was like a three hour drive but we wanted", "a688yghQIXc-00003-00002892-00003408": "to give us a lot of time because parking could be a nightmare but this is my little", "a688yghQIXc-00004-00003408-00003840": "lover heart on my eye I'm gonna Force Tyler to do the same thing Chick-fil-A", "a688yghQIXc-00005-00003840-00005970": "straight to your face", "a688yghQIXc-00006-00006066-00006930": "I'll show you my dress in a minute but I also put", "a688yghQIXc-00007-00006930-00007236": "on these nails and they are perfect for my theme today", "a688yghQIXc-00008-00007818-00009294": "accessories I have this butterfly clutch and then I have these butterfly earrings so I might put", "a688yghQIXc-00009-00009294-00009714": "these on but I also have a pair that remind me of the Bejeweled music video but it's not as on theme", "a688yghQIXc-00010-00009714-00010644": "so I'm still deciding on that and we headed to a um J crew what's it called a bunch of outlets oh", "a688yghQIXc-00011-00011160-00011904": "these are very lover era and I got this really cute bag that reminds me of Vera Bradley but it", "a688yghQIXc-00012-00011904-00012468": "was like way less expensive look how nice it is and I got just comfy shorts and a shirt because I", "a688yghQIXc-00013-00012468-00012978": "forgot to bring anything and we are headed to an Airbnb after this because we are quite far away", "a688yghQIXc-00014-00013128-00013230": "got some cute socks", "a688yghQIXc-00015-00013950-00014352": "we found a sports bar so we're gonna have some dinner I'll do Tyler's makeup and", "a688yghQIXc-00016-00014352-00014826": "check in with you guys then they tastes chocolate Tyler's healthy", "a688yghQIXc-00017-00015197-00015647": "I finally got to toss out my curls in the bathroom there there were so many swifties I", "a688yghQIXc-00018-00015647-00016194": "had a Seltzer like the right amount of a little buzzed okay heart tutorial so I'm gonna do it", "a688yghQIXc-00019-00016194-00016512": "on the opposite side no you don't have to do it on the office yeah so I'm going to take a", "a688yghQIXc-00020-00016512-00017058": "photo we'll both have a heart no but one mile on the right side you said Taylor's did it on the", "a688yghQIXc-00021-00017058-00017388": "right side I don't want to be it's easier for me to do it on this side but this handle okay", "a688yghQIXc-00022-00018054-00018468": "done next I'm gonna use this Kaja", "a688yghQIXc-00023-00018540-00019164": "pink shadow to set it in place so if you get a tutorial you're my model", "a688yghQIXc-00024-00019398-00019878": "the fun part's the glitter everybody loved the glitter in the restaurant oh", "a688yghQIXc-00025-00019878-00020496": "yeah I love it what's that lady saying oh she was very drunk yeah she was drunk yeah", "a688yghQIXc-00026-00020496-00021162": "my breath is in the smell because of that salad in case you kiss Taylor yeah", "a688yghQIXc-00027-00021276-00021954": "no Katy Perry does that okay next I'm using the close to you gel eyeshadow by colourpop I love", "a688yghQIXc-00028-00021954-00022494": "these except they're actually kind of hard to use so I kind of did a chunky effect with them", "a688yghQIXc-00029-00022494-00022974": "I'm going to do the same thing again a little less chunky yet no more chunky it looks good", "a688yghQIXc-00030-00023280-00023790": "Christian don't laugh at me he would do it with Claudia I know he would", "a688yghQIXc-00031-00024078-00024318": "halfway there is no don't judge again", "a688yghQIXc-00032-00024522-00024930": "I gotta get the stickers I want to zoom in so you can see my process more", "a688yghQIXc-00033-00025320-00025704": "so I'm deciding between these two I'm gonna do a poll", "a688yghQIXc-00034-00025788-00026388": "on IG wait and where the where are the winner yeah wow that's what I'll do", "a688yghQIXc-00035-00026688-00027233": "then what's harder with my nails", "a688yghQIXc-00036-00027786-00028254": "oh my God", "a688yghQIXc-00037-00028560-00029292": "tune challenge hell yeah that much more couple I can't do it", "a688yghQIXc-00038-00029400-00030227": "maybe you should do it in the mirror yeah that's good on the dots", "a688yghQIXc-00039-00030768-00031074": "yeah the parking was no problem so now we are headed into the concert", "a688yghQIXc-00040-00031302-00031374": "sparkles", "a688yghQIXc-00041-00031914-00032940": "I'm in a romper and I'm effectively nude in a photo potty", "a688yghQIXc-00042-00034080-00034284": "thank you", "a688yghQIXc-00043-00036558-00036828": "foreign", "a688yghQIXc-00044-00039732-00040698": "thank you", "a688yghQIXc-00045-00043440-00043540": "faith", "a688yghQIXc-00046-00043728-00043914": "in the middle of the guy", "a688yghQIXc-00047-00048138-00048372": "how long was I gone", "a688yghQIXc-00048-00050472-00050496": "foreign", "a688yghQIXc-00049-00054414-00055086": "foreign", "a688yghQIXc-00050-00055800-00055955": "Airbnb on the water", "a688yghQIXc-00051-00056184-00056910": "I'm gonna go cute little kitchen bedroom yeah this is nice enough", "a688yghQIXc-00052-00057594-00057852": "to wash off the makeup", "a688yghQIXc-00053-00058716-00059310": "goodbye little house it's the next morning we're all packed up and we're headed back to St", "a688yghQIXc-00054-00059310-00060000": "Augustine but that concert was incredible I think my favorite was the folklore set and then also", "a688yghQIXc-00055-00060096-00060336": "um midnights of course was super fun at the end", "a688yghQIXc-00056-00062808-00063270": "of all too well 10 minute version, Tyler knows a lot more at Taylor than I expected", "a688yghQIXc-00057-00063270-00063612": "because I don't play all the albums only usually the more recent ones but he knew", "a688yghQIXc-00058-00063612-00064044": "like all the reputation songs so it was just the best time and now we're gonna get", "a688yghQIXc-00059-00064044-00064674": "some breakfast we're both really hungry I have the J.Crew outfit on that I just got let's eat", "a688yghQIXc-00060-00065040-00066096": "good boys good boys I've been posting all the little videos I took on my stories for the Taylor", "a688yghQIXc-00061-00066096-00066732": "concert and like reliving the experience it truly was like such a phenomenal show I can't believe I", "a688yghQIXc-00062-00066732-00067218": "got to go like I feel so lucky and totally believe that I didn't get them roll Clips really hoping I", "a688yghQIXc-00063-00067218-00067674": "get these tickets but my computer looks like it's gonna die and I didn't bring my freaking charger", "a688yghQIXc-00064-00067758-00068538": "laughs five minutes less than one minute 2 000 people are ahead of me", "a688yghQIXc-00065-00068886-00069552": "wow I didn't get my Taylor tickets yeah but we're gonna leave hopefully when home I just", "a688yghQIXc-00066-00069552-00070044": "closed my computer and in defeat I almost exited my tab and Tyler was like no no what", "a688yghQIXc-00067-00070044-00070446": "are you doing just like close your computer and maybe when you get home you'll like miraculously", "a688yghQIXc-00068-00070446-00070812": "be in and that is what happened I opened my computer and it said your session has", "a688yghQIXc-00069-00070812-00071340": "started I picked my two seats and then I was good to go and now my parents are here so I", "a688yghQIXc-00070-00071340-00071802": "just quickly got ready I love this dress did some quick makeup and I'm not doing", "a688yghQIXc-00071-00071802-00072324": "my hair today but we're headed to the Antique store I always go so I wanted to show it to", "a688yghQIXc-00072-00072324-00072954": "my mom let's head out oh and petite Perry we're gonna get some cheese boards foreign", "a688yghQIXc-00073-00073812-00074166": "so I found a new favorite shop this is the candle", "a688yghQIXc-00074-00074166-00074652": "garden and this is a really yummy scent I'll show you", "a688yghQIXc-00075-00074652-00075180": "it's right beside La Petite Paris", "a688yghQIXc-00076-00075564-00075726": "love coming here for a walk", "a688yghQIXc-00077-00076614-00076692": "laughs", "a688yghQIXc-00078-00076818-00077946": "I'll show you guys what I picked up at the antique store for my next Vlog I have some", "a688yghQIXc-00079-00077946-00078354": "home decor updates coming up and I'm also working on recreating Taylor Swift's Our", "a688yghQIXc-00080-00078354-00078960": "Song makeup because that was one of the first makeup tutorials I ever did with my hair undone", "a688yghQIXc-00081-00078960-00079638": "in the front seat of his car he's got a one and feel on the steering wheel the other on", "a688yghQIXc-00082-00079638-00080370": "my heart I look around turn the radio down it says baby is something wrong definitely can do", "a688yghQIXc-00083-00080370-00080832": "it better now maybe I'll put together more eras inspired outfits if you guys want to see that", "a688yghQIXc-00084-00081150-00081966": "you know what oh wow", "a688yghQIXc-00085-00082230-00082596": "if you're wanting to watch another fun Vlog check out my Disney World experience", "a688yghQIXc-00086-00083556-00084054": "and if you want to check out my latest Beauty video I also covered douyin makeup"}}, {"audio_id": "a6a18xQutvy", "text": {"a6a18xQutvy-00000-00000056-00000776": "what do you do before listing your home on mls and on the market well let me get my designer hat on", "a6a18xQutvy-00001-00000776-00001464": "and my glasses so i can help you be prepared before you put your home on the market hi", "a6a18xQutvy-00002-00001464-00002184": "Axel Ziba here maxit realty and let's get your home ready number one is your kitchen the most", "a6a18xQutvy-00003-00002184-00002888": "concentrated place that every buyer hangs out when they're visiting your home so make sure you clean", "a6a18xQutvy-00004-00002888-00003776": "and clear everything from the counters number two is your bathroom get rid of that dirty towel and", "a6a18xQutvy-00005-00003776-00004528": "smelly toothbrush of yours number three is to make your home is as bright as possible", "a6a18xQutvy-00006-00004528-00005024": "that's going to bring us to this point can you please replace your burnt light bulbs", "a6a18xQutvy-00007-00005096-00005912": "number four cleaning and decluttering yes that is something we have to do to make your home ready", "a6a18xQutvy-00008-00005912-00006495": "i can hire you a professional cleaner after you remove all the furniture that is not needed", "a6a18xQutvy-00009-00006495-00007072": "and most of all you gotta get rid of those personal photos so the buyers can see themselves", "a6a18xQutvy-00010-00007072-00007823": "in there yes i'm talking about the picture of the uncle joe in the living room number five that's", "a6a18xQutvy-00011-00007823-00008664": "small repairs i'm sure you're not a handyman i know that maybe you are i don't know but get to it", "a6a18xQutvy-00012-00008664-00009336": "let's do fresh paint let's patch up that small scratch on the wall right there and a small fix", "a6a18xQutvy-00013-00009336-00010296": "this goes a long way you ready number six is the smell of your home no it's not 1990s anymore to", "a6a18xQutvy-00014-00010296-00010984": "bake cookies in the oven and make it feel like at home no just get rid of the smell of the onion and", "a6a18xQutvy-00015-00010984-00011808": "the burger you had for lunch number seven pets and their odors and their toys everywhere oh you", "a6a18xQutvy-00016-00011808-00012576": "have a beautiful cat can you please get rid of her dirty litter box and the toys all over the floor", "a6a18xQutvy-00017-00012640-00013280": "number eight is staging staging has been a critical point of selling your home for", "a6a18xQutvy-00018-00013280-00013991": "higher value why people see with their eyes so they cannot imagine themselves with your broken", "a6a18xQutvy-00019-00013991-00014856": "couch in the living room alternatively you can also do virtual staging if your home is vacant", "a6a18xQutvy-00020-00014856-00015360": "or if you're living inside your home and we cannot find you a stager that allows you to", "a6a18xQutvy-00021-00015360-00016008": "use their furniture virtual staging that is the way to go and it's free", "a6a18xQutvy-00022-00016008-00016728": "to you for me in addition to above, i'm going to give you quick pointers close the toilet lids", "a6a18xQutvy-00023-00016808-00017464": "fix the bed get rid of the dirty dishes get rid of your dairy laundry and most of all", "a6a18xQutvy-00024-00017520-00018256": "organize your closet yes the buyer may pick inside now if you live in a single family detached", "a6a18xQutvy-00025-00018256-00018880": "and it's not a condominium exterior of your home is your first impression remember first impression", "a6a18xQutvy-00026-00018880-00019528": "is the last impression the buyers will remember so follow the following quick tips curb appeal", "a6a18xQutvy-00027-00019528-00020152": "landscaping and tidy up the garden power wash your porch and sweep it up", "a6a18xQutvy-00028-00020256-00020824": "garbage cans and trashes outside that's an unpleasant view get rid of them", "a6a18xQutvy-00029-00020920-00021512": "and trust me nobody wants to see your dirty barbecue that smells like hell from last night and", "a6a18xQutvy-00030-00021512-00022160": "lastly on your driveway make sure you get rid of your cars yes specifically that engine of a 1994", "a6a18xQutvy-00031-00022160-00022952": "toyota camry that you had trying to fix for the past 20 years i have an epic 20 pointer checklist", "a6a18xQutvy-00032-00022952-00023592": "for inside and outside that is beautifully written i'll be happy to share it with you just message me", "a6a18xQutvy-00033-00023592-00024152": "directly and send me your email so i can send it to you thanks for watching this hoping these", "a6a18xQutvy-00034-00024152-00024936": "pointers will help you sell your home quicker and make it mls and photography ready kindly", "a6a18xQutvy-00035-00024936-00025632": "subscribe to my video channel like and share my videos for me to make more contents like this"}}, {"audio_id": "a6a7Ytp1sgo", "text": {"a6a7Ytp1sgo-00000-00000010-00000393": "WOMEN'S COLLEGE BASKETBALL 8-6", "a6a7Ytp1sgo-00001-00000393-00000400": "WOMEN'S COLLEGE BASKETBALL 8-6", "a6a7Ytp1sgo-00002-00000400-00000563": "WOMEN'S COLLEGE BASKETBALL 8-6 TO 16-1.", "a6a7Ytp1sgo-00003-00000563-00000570": "WOMEN'S COLLEGE BASKETBALL 8-6 TO 16-1.", "a6a7Ytp1sgo-00004-00000570-00000630": "WOMEN'S COLLEGE BASKETBALL 8-6 TO 16-1. HITTING THE HARDWOOD,  CLASS", "a6a7Ytp1sgo-00005-00000630-00000637": "TO 16-1. HITTING THE HARDWOOD,  CLASS", "a6a7Ytp1sgo-00006-00000637-00000707": "TO 16-1. HITTING THE HARDWOOD,  CLASS THREE A'S SIXTH RANKED GRAND", "a6a7Ytp1sgo-00007-00000707-00000714": "HITTING THE HARDWOOD,  CLASS THREE A'S SIXTH RANKED GRAND", "a6a7Ytp1sgo-00008-00000714-00000780": "HITTING THE HARDWOOD,  CLASS THREE A'S SIXTH RANKED GRAND RAPIDS TAKING ON AA'S 14TH", "a6a7Ytp1sgo-00009-00000780-00000787": "THREE A'S SIXTH RANKED GRAND RAPIDS TAKING ON AA'S 14TH", "a6a7Ytp1sgo-00010-00000787-00001044": "THREE A'S SIXTH RANKED GRAND RAPIDS TAKING ON AA'S 14TH RANKED ESKO.", "a6a7Ytp1sgo-00011-00001044-00001051": "RAPIDS TAKING ON AA'S 14TH RANKED ESKO.", "a6a7Ytp1sgo-00012-00001051-00001381": "RAPIDS TAKING ON AA'S 14TH RANKED ESKO. EARLY ON THEY GO TO WORK.", "a6a7Ytp1sgo-00013-00001381-00001388": "RANKED ESKO. EARLY ON THEY GO TO WORK.", "a6a7Ytp1sgo-00014-00001388-00001688": "RANKED ESKO. EARLY ON THEY GO TO WORK. HAMMILY FROM HIND THE ARC, THREE", "a6a7Ytp1sgo-00015-00001688-00001695": "EARLY ON THEY GO TO WORK. HAMMILY FROM HIND THE ARC, THREE", "a6a7Ytp1sgo-00016-00001695-00001828": "EARLY ON THEY GO TO WORK. HAMMILY FROM HIND THE ARC, THREE BALL FALLS.", "a6a7Ytp1sgo-00017-00001828-00001835": "HAMMILY FROM HIND THE ARC, THREE BALL FALLS.", "a6a7Ytp1sgo-00018-00001835-00002255": "HAMMILY FROM HIND THE ARC, THREE BALL FALLS. HERE COME THE ESKIMOS.", "a6a7Ytp1sgo-00019-00002255-00002262": "BALL FALLS. HERE COME THE ESKIMOS.", "a6a7Ytp1sgo-00020-00002262-00002462": "BALL FALLS. HERE COME THE ESKIMOS. ESKO RECOVERS THE LOOSE MAUL", "a6a7Ytp1sgo-00021-00002462-00002469": "HERE COME THE ESKIMOS. ESKO RECOVERS THE LOOSE MAUL", "a6a7Ytp1sgo-00022-00002469-00002746": "HERE COME THE ESKIMOS. ESKO RECOVERS THE LOOSE MAUL BAWL AND TAKES IT COAST TO COAST", "a6a7Ytp1sgo-00023-00002746-00002752": "ESKO RECOVERS THE LOOSE MAUL BAWL AND TAKES IT COAST TO COAST", "a6a7Ytp1sgo-00024-00002752-00002926": "ESKO RECOVERS THE LOOSE MAUL BAWL AND TAKES IT COAST TO COAST FOR ANOTHER LAYUP.", "a6a7Ytp1sgo-00025-00002926-00002932": "BAWL AND TAKES IT COAST TO COAST FOR ANOTHER LAYUP.", "a6a7Ytp1sgo-00026-00002932-00003243": "BAWL AND TAKES IT COAST TO COAST FOR ANOTHER LAYUP. THEY DRIVE FOR TWO OF THE 13", "a6a7Ytp1sgo-00027-00003243-00003249": "FOR ANOTHER LAYUP. THEY DRIVE FOR TWO OF THE 13", "a6a7Ytp1sgo-00028-00003249-00003276": "FOR ANOTHER LAYUP. THEY DRIVE FOR TWO OF THE 13 POINTS.", "a6a7Ytp1sgo-00029-00003276-00003283": "THEY DRIVE FOR TWO OF THE 13 POINTS.", "a6a7Ytp1sgo-00030-00003283-00003356": "THEY DRIVE FOR TWO OF THE 13 POINTS. GRAND RAPIDS WINS THIS ONE"}}, {"audio_id": "a71p9Vm5DBy", "text": {"a71p9Vm5DBy-00000-00000159-00000627": "- I dunno if you can see that, but it says 230 right now,", "a71p9Vm5DBy-00001-00000627-00000753": "two minutes and 30 seconds.", "a71p9Vm5DBy-00002-00000753-00000854": "And I've just been", "a71p9Vm5DBy-00003-00000854-00000937": "(hasty sniffing)", "a71p9Vm5DBy-00004-00000937-00001170": "kind of smelling it as I go to,", "a71p9Vm5DBy-00005-00001170-00001370": "'cause I just enjoy the smell of coffee.", "a71p9Vm5DBy-00006-00001467-00001635": "But this is what it looks like.", "a71p9Vm5DBy-00007-00001635-00001785": "I had about 10 seconds,", "a71p9Vm5DBy-00008-00001785-00002130": "so I'm gonna transfer it to two minutes and 50 seconds.", "a71p9Vm5DBy-00009-00002130-00002433": "Over to the coffee cup, that's the next step.", "a71p9Vm5DBy-00010-00002433-00002516": "There we go.", "a71p9Vm5DBy-00011-00002748-00002918": "And I'm gonna let it pour through.", "a71p9Vm5DBy-00012-00003003-00003168": "Carefully move this, so I'm doing carefully", "a71p9Vm5DBy-00013-00003168-00003375": "move the Clever Dripper onto the coffee cup.", "a71p9Vm5DBy-00014-00003375-00003546": "Allow the coffee to pour through the Cleaver Dripper", "a71p9Vm5DBy-00015-00003546-00003774": "until you assure that it is done.", "a71p9Vm5DBy-00016-00003774-00003857": "And", "a71p9Vm5DBy-00017-00003954-00004203": "I'm gonna move this out of the way and just.", "a71p9Vm5DBy-00018-00004557-00004777": "It's actually not good to move it", "a71p9Vm5DBy-00019-00004881-00005028": "while it's pouring through.", "a71p9Vm5DBy-00020-00005028-00005229": "That does affect how the bloom will look.", "a71p9Vm5DBy-00021-00005229-00005511": "Or not the bloom, but the remnants of the coffee.", "a71p9Vm5DBy-00022-00005607-00005838": "So you don't feel you have to move it.", "a71p9Vm5DBy-00023-00005838-00006222": "I moved it and just so you could see it draining.", "a71p9Vm5DBy-00024-00006389-00006681": "(excited sniffing)", "a71p9Vm5DBy-00025-00006813-00006978": "I'm excited to drink this coffee.", "a71p9Vm5DBy-00026-00007128-00007425": "But it will take a couple minutes to pour through", "a71p9Vm5DBy-00027-00007425-00007508": "all the way.", "a71p9Vm5DBy-00028-00007725-00007899": "And so we'll stop this as well."}}, {"audio_id": "a73N8gGst2Q", "text": {"a73N8gGst2Q-00000-00001468-00001603": "Good morning everybody.", "a73N8gGst2Q-00001-00001603-00002077": "So, today I’m going camping at  Akagera National Park.", "a73N8gGst2Q-00002-00002077-00002650": "So, Akagera is Rwanda’s answer to  Maasai or Serengeti.", "a73N8gGst2Q-00003-00002650-00003260": "It's our safari park basically, and it's quite easy to get to from Kigali, it's only a few", "a73N8gGst2Q-00004-00003260-00003613": "hours’ drive but I've never actually  camped there.", "a73N8gGst2Q-00005-00003613-00004271": "So, over the years I've been maybe five or six times, something like that, but I've never", "a73N8gGst2Q-00006-00004271-00004770": "actually stayed overnight and tonight  is that night.", "a73N8gGst2Q-00007-00004770-00005336": "So, I'm feeling slightly apprehensive just because the campsite that we're going to hasn't", "a73N8gGst2Q-00008-00005336-00005830": "got a fence around it or anything like that, so you really are out in the bush,", "a73N8gGst2Q-00009-00005830-00006292": "but I'm going with a large group of friends, many of them have been camping there in the past before,", "a73N8gGst2Q-00010-00006292-00006834": "so apparently that makes it a lot safer, but we have to watch out for hippos.", "a73N8gGst2Q-00011-00006885-00007565": "So I've got beer, I've got food, I've got, um, I've charged my mobile phone but I don't", "a73N8gGst2Q-00012-00007565-00008147": "know if I can get any signal out there, so if anybody's in Kigali, if you see smoke signals", "a73N8gGst2Q-00013-00008147-00008638": "going up in the general direction of Akagera, maybe send help.", "a73N8gGst2Q-00014-00008638-00008861": "So, this is all of my camping gear.", "a73N8gGst2Q-00015-00008861-00009556": "So, I've got a mat and I've got a sleeping bag donated by my friend Chantal.", "a73N8gGst2Q-00016-00009593-00010056": "That pillow isn't mine, well it is mine but it belongs to the cats, the cats sleep on that.", "a73N8gGst2Q-00017-00010099-00010289": "My pillow's over there with a towel.", "a73N8gGst2Q-00018-00010412-00011148": "We've got a whole bag of snacks, including marshmallows and a present for the birthday girl,", "a73N8gGst2Q-00019-00011148-00012064": "shawl to keep me warm, change of clothes and some toiletries, and plate and cutlery,", "a73N8gGst2Q-00020-00012064-00012482": "and beer, so I think- I think I'm sorted.", "a73N8gGst2Q-00021-00012544-00013205": "So I was picked up by two lovely ladies, Sara and Julienne, and we just about managed to", "a73N8gGst2Q-00022-00013205-00013449": "cram everything into the boot.", "a73N8gGst2Q-00023-00013516-00013943": "Akagera is about two-and-a-half hours  east of Kigali.", "a73N8gGst2Q-00024-00013943-00014381": "If you're going on a day trip, you usually leave around five in the morning to get there", "a73N8gGst2Q-00025-00014381-00014766": "in time to see the wildlife before it takes shelter for the day.", "a73N8gGst2Q-00026-00014888-00015218": "We were leaving mid-morning as it was umuganda.", "a73N8gGst2Q-00027-00015218-00015809": "The last Saturday of every month is community service day in Rwanda, so shops are closed", "a73N8gGst2Q-00028-00015809-00016236": "and transport is limited whilst everybody takes part in local projects.", "a73N8gGst2Q-00029-00016285-00016645": "Things open up again around 11 a.m.", "a73N8gGst2Q-00030-00016645-00017209": "Technically it's fine for tourists and mzungus to travel during umuganda, but if you're black", "a73N8gGst2Q-00031-00017209-00017715": "and not Rwandan you might still find yourself being stopped and questioned as to why you're", "a73N8gGst2Q-00032-00017715-00018169": "out and about, so it's easier just to wait until things open up again.", "a73N8gGst2Q-00033-00018268-00018759": "When you first arrive at the gates, you need to park up and register with the guards.", "a73N8gGst2Q-00034-00018759-00019065": "You still need a rapid test to enter the park.", "a73N8gGst2Q-00035-00019065-00019469": "You can get one of these for around five dollars at any health clinic.", "a73N8gGst2Q-00036-00019469-00019909": "If you're a resident and had your vaccinations here, then you'll get your results texted", "a73N8gGst2Q-00037-00019909-00020193": "to your phone within about half an hour.", "a73N8gGst2Q-00038-00020193-00020745": "It wasn't until we were halfway to Akagera that I realised I'd left my fully charged phone behind.", "a73N8gGst2Q-00039-00020786-00021206": "My COVID result was on my phone, but luckily they let me in anyway.", "a73N8gGst2Q-00040-00021319-00021820": "Once through the gate, you follow the road to the reception lodge where you pay for entry.", "a73N8gGst2Q-00041-00021905-00022292": "As we entered the park, we saw a small troop of baboons.", "a73N8gGst2Q-00042-00022292-00022815": "I watched In the Shadow of Kilimanjaro when I was a teen, it's an 80s horror movie about", "a73N8gGst2Q-00043-00022815-00023443": "a group of rampaging, bloodthirsty apes, a bit like Cujo but with baboons.", "a73N8gGst2Q-00044-00023443-00023644": "It still haunts me to this day.", "a73N8gGst2Q-00045-00023644-00023783": "[dramatic music]", "a73N8gGst2Q-00046-00024087-00024564": "Park entry costs fifty dollars for residents and a hundred dollars for non-residents.", "a73N8gGst2Q-00047-00024685-00025257": "You can WhatsApp ahead to book a tent for twenty dollars a night, but that is just the tent,", "a73N8gGst2Q-00048-00025257-00025676": "you need to bring your own mat, sleeping bag, and cooking equipment.", "a73N8gGst2Q-00049-00025753-00026256": "It's another $25 camping fee, so $45 dollars per night with tent.", "a73N8gGst2Q-00050-00026301-00026598": "There's also a ten dollar car fee  for normal cars.", "a73N8gGst2Q-00051-00026654-00026907": "I've included links to prices below.", "a73N8gGst2Q-00052-00026944-00027422": "Residents can get an annual pass for three hundred dollars, so if you're likely to visit", "a73N8gGst2Q-00053-00027422-00028012": "more than six times a year that's worth looking into, but it only covers park entrance, you", "a73N8gGst2Q-00054-00028012-00028624": "still need to pay camping fees on top, so Akagera is not a particularly cheap attraction.", "a73N8gGst2Q-00055-00028689-00029322": "The park also operates on a cashless basis, so you  can pay with MoMo or card but not hard currency.", "a73N8gGst2Q-00056-00029364-00029799": "This can take some time as the network is pretty dire out there and you'll often see", "a73N8gGst2Q-00057-00029799-00030300": "staff standing around with their arms in the air, praying to the gods of connection.", "a73N8gGst2Q-00058-00030410-00030808": "At the back of reception is a room containing some fascinating bones.", "a73N8gGst2Q-00059-00030808-00031243": "- Can I get a size comparison? Does anybody want to stand next to one of these?", "a73N8gGst2Q-00060-00031243-00031343": "[laughs]", "a73N8gGst2Q-00061-00031722-00032069": "- Oh my gosh. What are these bones from?", "a73N8gGst2Q-00062-00032069-00032279": "- These are bones of femur of elephant.", "a73N8gGst2Q-00063-00032319-00032605": "- Elephant leg bone? Wow.", "a73N8gGst2Q-00064-00032605-00032924": "Almost as tall as you, that's  incredible isn't it?", "a73N8gGst2Q-00065-00033365-00033500": "- And this is an elephant skull?", "a73N8gGst2Q-00066-00033500-00033561": "- Yeah.", "a73N8gGst2Q-00067-00033632-00033868": "- Also, this is the ribs of it. This one.", "a73N8gGst2Q-00068-00033868-00034055": "- Oh, the rib bone? - That's the ribs of it.", "a73N8gGst2Q-00069-00034055-00034148": "- Okay.", "a73N8gGst2Q-00070-00035824-00036078": "- That's a giraffe, right? - Yes.", "a73N8gGst2Q-00071-00036224-00036403": "- It very much is, yes.", "a73N8gGst2Q-00072-00036546-00036611": "- And a hippo?", "a73N8gGst2Q-00073-00036611-00036752": "- Yeah [?] hippo.", "a73N8gGst2Q-00074-00036900-00037139": "- That looks like a horse, but it's not. What is it?", "a73N8gGst2Q-00075-00037139-00037292": "- This is for zebra.", "a73N8gGst2Q-00076-00037292-00037542": "- Ah, zebra. Ah, there we go. Was a horse.", "a73N8gGst2Q-00077-00037542-00037605": "[laughing]", "a73N8gGst2Q-00078-00037605-00038014": "- It's also a horse family? - Yeah. Horse family.", "a73N8gGst2Q-00079-00038014-00038100": "- Okay.", "a73N8gGst2Q-00080-00038100-00038255": "- That's so cool.", "a73N8gGst2Q-00081-00041794-00042234": "We did get a briefing which told us a bit about the history of the park and how it was", "a73N8gGst2Q-00082-00042234-00042768": "five times larger before the genocide, but we didn't receive any information on what", "a73N8gGst2Q-00083-00042768-00043347": "to do if you get charged by a rhino or come face-to-face with an elephant, which would", "a73N8gGst2Q-00084-00043347-00043578": "definitely have come in useful later on.", "a73N8gGst2Q-00085-00044154-00044627": "These boxes were used to transport lions and rhinos, which were reintroduced to the park", "a73N8gGst2Q-00086-00044627-00044763": "a few years ago.", "a73N8gGst2Q-00087-00047206-00047752": "This map shows the size of Akagera in comparison to Rwanda, in the top right.", "a73N8gGst2Q-00088-00047827-00048343": "We're camping at Shakani Camp on the shore of Lake Shakani, in the south of the park.", "a73N8gGst2Q-00089-00050037-00050400": "On our way there we saw definite  signs of wildlife.", "a73N8gGst2Q-00090-00056335-00056518": "- Hello! [laughing] - Hello ladies.", "a73N8gGst2Q-00091-00056708-00056906": "- We made it! - Yay!", "a73N8gGst2Q-00092-00056906-00057153": "- You brought the monsoon and everything.", "a73N8gGst2Q-00093-00057174-00057527": "We were camping with our friend  Jessi of Kweza Brewery.", "a73N8gGst2Q-00094-00057527-00058155": "She'd managed to fit an entire bar in the back of her  car, including IPA, Ambrosia and ginger beer.", "a73N8gGst2Q-00095-00058223-00058423": "First order of the day was a drink…", "a73N8gGst2Q-00096-00058470-00058569": "- Here you go, here’s your Ambrosia.", "a73N8gGst2Q-00097-00058569-00058768": "- Thank you very much.  [laughing]", "a73N8gGst2Q-00098-00058799-00059136": "…swiftly followed by chasing a large baboon away from the tents.", "a73N8gGst2Q-00099-00059136-00059375": "- Hey, get out of there buddy! - Oh, Jesus s------g Christ!", "a73N8gGst2Q-00100-00059500-00059682": "- Get out of there! - Back in the car?", "a73N8gGst2Q-00101-00059682-00059805": "[nervous laughter]", "a73N8gGst2Q-00102-00059866-00060295": "- Ay, ay, ay, ay, ay! Dude! - Yeah, no, that ain't gonna work.", "a73N8gGst2Q-00103-00060295-00060597": "- He's going for the motorbike. [laughter]", "a73N8gGst2Q-00104-00060698-00061031": "- It's like, 'I'm taking off on this thing,  cuz I got the key here still.'", "a73N8gGst2Q-00105-00061318-00061651": "Lake Shakani is a really beautiful  place to camp.", "a73N8gGst2Q-00106-00062366-00062872": "Unfortunately my camera wasn't really up to the job, but there are hippos wallowing in", "a73N8gGst2Q-00107-00062872-00063457": "the water a few yards away, monkeys up in the trees, and black-and-white kingfishers", "a73N8gGst2Q-00108-00063457-00063692": "diving down for their dinner.", "a73N8gGst2Q-00109-00063734-00064010": "There was even a herd of impala in the evening.", "a73N8gGst2Q-00110-00064109-00064548": "You'll just have to take my word for it and make do with gratuitous shots of the lake.", "a73N8gGst2Q-00111-00067319-00067916": "We were also joined by an impressive company of bees, attracted by sweet treats and spilled tonic.", "a73N8gGst2Q-00112-00067916-00068207": "- I think the tonic must have spilled,  because these guys are...", "a73N8gGst2Q-00113-00068207-00068380": "[buzzing]", "a73N8gGst2Q-00114-00068791-00069252": "It was a wonderfully peaceful afternoon and I helped Jessi carry wood for the fire,", "a73N8gGst2Q-00115-00069252-00069427": "which we use to cook on.", "a73N8gGst2Q-00116-00070053-00070328": "As night fell, we gathered in the kitchen.", "a73N8gGst2Q-00117-00070860-00071176": "Our friend Beth was in charge of  the evening meal.", "a73N8gGst2Q-00118-00071176-00071626": "She roasted vegetables in peanut curry over the fire, with a lentil stew.", "a73N8gGst2Q-00119-00071889-00072434": "Our friend Fatou made 'meat babies' from mince, paired with Secret Aardvark hot sauce.", "a73N8gGst2Q-00120-00072434-00072908": "It was so delicious I'd finished eating before I thought to take a photograph of it.", "a73N8gGst2Q-00121-00072972-00073220": "- Oh, there's my face going [grimace]. [laughter]", "a73N8gGst2Q-00122-00073220-00073274": "- Hi!", "a73N8gGst2Q-00123-00073274-00073549": "But I did get a shot of the cupcakes for afters.", "a73N8gGst2Q-00124-00073595-00073912": "Carrot cake and chocolate-and-caramel,  they were delightful.", "a73N8gGst2Q-00125-00074014-00074453": "[loud grunting noises]", "a73N8gGst2Q-00126-00075454-00075574": "Hippo song.", "a73N8gGst2Q-00127-00075779-00076049": "I had a really nice time getting to know Beth,", "a73N8gGst2Q-00128-00076049-00076455": "who is a conservation scientist at  the University of Rwanda.", "a73N8gGst2Q-00129-00076455-00077010": "She has been in the country since before ‘94 and it was lovely to sit beside the fire watching", "a73N8gGst2Q-00130-00077010-00077405": "lightning in the distance, fireflies,  and shooting stars.", "a73N8gGst2Q-00131-00077990-00078433": "We were all sitting around the fire later that night, listening to the hippos, when", "a73N8gGst2Q-00132-00078433-00078767": "we heard a slightly louder noise coming from behind us.", "a73N8gGst2Q-00133-00078767-00079016": "[loud growling]", "a73N8gGst2Q-00134-00079363-00079767": "It turns out an elephant had wandered  into the camp.", "a73N8gGst2Q-00135-00079767-00080216": "Jessi turned around and saw it appear, then shepherded us in an orderly fashion up to", "a73N8gGst2Q-00136-00080216-00080534": "the shower block in case we needed  to take shelter.", "a73N8gGst2Q-00137-00080594-00080767": "- Can you see him? - Yeah.", "a73N8gGst2Q-00138-00080767-00080891": "- Where?", "a73N8gGst2Q-00139-00081453-00081783": "- It's gone straight out that way.  I think out of the campsite.", "a73N8gGst2Q-00140-00081886-00082009": "- Ay, ay, ay, ay.", "a73N8gGst2Q-00141-00082202-00082512": "But the elephant soon turned around  and left again.", "a73N8gGst2Q-00142-00082565-00082933": "I didn't actually get to see it,  I only heard it.", "a73N8gGst2Q-00143-00082933-00083129": "This seemed strangely fitting.", "a73N8gGst2Q-00144-00083129-00083689": "The last time I was at Akagera was in 2019, when my folks came to visit.", "a73N8gGst2Q-00145-00083689-00084027": "My friend Emmy drove us around the park in the wet season.", "a73N8gGst2Q-00146-00084027-00084488": "We got trapped in the mud and the locals helped us push the car free.", "a73N8gGst2Q-00147-00084488-00085041": "Whenever Emmy took tours to Akagera, He always saw elephants and sent me pictures,", "a73N8gGst2Q-00148-00085041-00085429": "whereas I have never seen an elephant at Akagera.", "a73N8gGst2Q-00149-00085429-00086000": "Emmy passed away last year, and this kind of felt like he was playing one last practical joke.", "a73N8gGst2Q-00150-00086185-00086378": "Morning guys. [tired laugh]", "a73N8gGst2Q-00151-00086427-00086627": "So... ugh.", "a73N8gGst2Q-00152-00086627-00086823": "[?] the outside.", "a73N8gGst2Q-00153-00087344-00087513": "[loud exhale]", "a73N8gGst2Q-00154-00087540-00087722": "Pretty knackered.", "a73N8gGst2Q-00155-00087845-00087989": "Bit of a grey morning.", "a73N8gGst2Q-00156-00088297-00088500": "A lot of activity last night.", "a73N8gGst2Q-00157-00088851-00089185": "I heard elephants and…", "a73N8gGst2Q-00158-00089431-00089556": "...umm...", "a73N8gGst2Q-00159-00089689-00089824": "I'm not awake.", "a73N8gGst2Q-00160-00090055-00090247": "Oh my goodness.", "a73N8gGst2Q-00161-00090444-00090771": "Going to close that and lie down  again for a minute.", "a73N8gGst2Q-00162-00090881-00091316": "Morning guys, welcome to my tent.", "a73N8gGst2Q-00163-00091623-00092970": "I'd say that's a bit of a harsh night's sleep, definitely not used to sleeping on the floor,", "a73N8gGst2Q-00164-00093080-00094620": "So, I forgot to close the valve on the sleeping thing, so it pretty much deflated in the night.", "a73N8gGst2Q-00165-00094620-00094823": "Um, so.", "a73N8gGst2Q-00166-00094966-00095620": "So yeah, I've pretty much been sleeping  [very loud bird] on the solid floor, um,", "a73N8gGst2Q-00167-00095854-00096499": "which I haven't done for many, many years, and, um, like, when you're sleeping on the floor", "a73N8gGst2Q-00168-00096499-00096994": "for a long time your body adjusts to it, but when you haven't done it for a really long time,", "a73N8gGst2Q-00169-00096994-00097768": "like, your hip and the bottom of your rib cage feels a bit sore, but, to be fair,", "a73N8gGst2Q-00170-00097768-00098327": "it's quite good ground, like, there's no stones or anything like that, so it's been fairly comfortable,", "a73N8gGst2Q-00171-00098427-00099202": "but I'm looking forward to my own bed again, and there's definitely an added element of", "a73N8gGst2Q-00172-00099202-00099775": "danger, like, so they said that there was a hyena walked into the camp the other night", "a73N8gGst2Q-00173-00099775-00100050": "and then last night there was an elephant,", "a73N8gGst2Q-00174-00100392-00101029": "and so, like, I’m definitely more aware to sounds and noises than I would be if I", "a73N8gGst2Q-00175-00101029-00101388": "was just camping in the woods in the UK where, you know, there's nothing more dangerous than", "a73N8gGst2Q-00176-00101388-00101555": "a fox or a rabbit.", "a73N8gGst2Q-00177-00101747-00102726": "But it was okay, I mean, I like the sounds of the jungle, but they're not that relaxing when you know", "a73N8gGst2Q-00178-00102726-00103120": "that they could kind of trample  through a camp.", "a73N8gGst2Q-00179-00103217-00103453": "But yeah, I'm good.", "a73N8gGst2Q-00180-00103453-00103676": "I'm tired actually, but I'm good.", "a73N8gGst2Q-00181-00103752-00103844": "Uh-huh.", "a73N8gGst2Q-00182-00103859-00104392": "Okay, let's close up the tent and take a little wander down to the facilities,", "a73N8gGst2Q-00183-00104575-00104787": "I'll show you what they're like.", "a73N8gGst2Q-00184-00105323-00105794": "Apparently there's a solar shower. A solar-powered shower.", "a73N8gGst2Q-00185-00106178-00106328": "Past the woodpile.", "a73N8gGst2Q-00186-00106762-00106898": "A bit damp.", "a73N8gGst2Q-00187-00109904-00110144": "Okay, so this is the shower block.", "a73N8gGst2Q-00188-00110687-00110839": "Not a bad view.", "a73N8gGst2Q-00189-00111375-00112146": "And that should be shut, but it's got like a fence on to keep the baboons out because", "a73N8gGst2Q-00190-00112146-00112786": "apparently if the baboons get trapped in here they go a bit mental, so in here we've got", "a73N8gGst2Q-00191-00112786-00113511": "two toilets which are quite basic, but, I mean, functioning toilets, and then this is", "a73N8gGst2Q-00192-00113511-00114409": "apparently the shower and apparently it has got hot water, but I must admit", "a73N8gGst2Q-00193-00114409-00114660": "it doesn't look terribly convincing,", "a73N8gGst2Q-00194-00114660-00114939": "but I might give it a go and see.", "a73N8gGst2Q-00195-00115000-00115647": "Uh, second shower in here, so two showers, two toilets, and wonderfully it's got a mirror.", "a73N8gGst2Q-00196-00115789-00115889": "Morning.", "a73N8gGst2Q-00197-00116059-00116332": "So yeah, I'm just gonna get  myself cleaned up.", "a73N8gGst2Q-00198-00116443-00117097": "Okay, quick camping and travellers’ tip, wherever you go always take spare toilet paper", "a73N8gGst2Q-00199-00117216-00117729": "because there is never enough of it.", "a73N8gGst2Q-00200-00117825-00118371": "Okay, so I've managed to get myself tidied up, but I’m stuck in the bathroom for a", "a73N8gGst2Q-00201-00118371-00118659": "minute because it's raining a bit.", "a73N8gGst2Q-00202-00119122-00119457": "Okay, I think it might just have stop long enough to get out of here.", "a73N8gGst2Q-00203-00119457-00119579": "Back to the tent.", "a73N8gGst2Q-00204-00119626-00119964": "So, this is the state of my room  after last night.", "a73N8gGst2Q-00205-00120103-00120246": "Stuff everywhere.", "a73N8gGst2Q-00206-00120392-00120826": "The lake was beautiful in the morning, though the sky was overcast and brooding.", "a73N8gGst2Q-00207-00122608-00123167": "Jessi made the most amazing crepes for breakfast and we filled them with Nutella, fruit, yogurt,", "a73N8gGst2Q-00208-00123167-00123491": "and a savoury combination of spinach and cheese.", "a73N8gGst2Q-00209-00123557-00123923": "Late morning we started our drive  back to Kigali.", "a73N8gGst2Q-00210-00123923-00124454": "Sorry guys, no game drive this time around, it was just a chilled-out camping trip,", "a73N8gGst2Q-00211-00124454-00124952": "though some of the group did venture out and found a pride of lions and some elephants.", "a73N8gGst2Q-00212-00124952-00125585": "We'll come back another time for that, though Akagera is notoriously difficult for game drives.", "a73N8gGst2Q-00213-00125585-00126141": "The Maasai and Serengeti are flat plains and you can see the animals from miles away,", "a73N8gGst2Q-00214-00126141-00126951": "but Akagera is very hilly and covered in thick brush, so it's pretty tricky to spot wildlife between the branches.", "a73N8gGst2Q-00215-00126951-00127507": "We saw a couple of warthogs and an antelope on the way out, but that was it for this trip.", "a73N8gGst2Q-00216-00127507-00127975": "You can usually find buffalo, giraffe and zebra hanging out by the roadside, though.", "a73N8gGst2Q-00217-00128044-00128620": "As we headed for the exit, the sky became  very dark and soon after the heavens opened.", "a73N8gGst2Q-00218-00128704-00129183": "We're at the start of the wet season and at one point it was raining so hard you could", "a73N8gGst2Q-00219-00129183-00129349": "hardly see the car in front.", "a73N8gGst2Q-00220-00130061-00130658": "We stopped off at Imigongo Arts Center in Kayonza, which is a really nice pit stop.", "a73N8gGst2Q-00221-00131134-00131310": "They sell vegetables...", "a73N8gGst2Q-00222-00131780-00131905": "...clothes...", "a73N8gGst2Q-00223-00132467-00132641": "...imigongo, obviously...", "a73N8gGst2Q-00224-00133423-00133570": "...and artwork...", "a73N8gGst2Q-00225-00134672-00134919": "...as well as doing fantastic coffee.", "a73N8gGst2Q-00226-00134919-00135102": "Highly recommended.", "a73N8gGst2Q-00227-00135102-00135335": "Their breakfast burrito is delicious.", "a73N8gGst2Q-00228-00135439-00135880": "The rain was still coming down full force by the time I got home.", "a73N8gGst2Q-00229-00137480-00137673": "It was a wonderful weekend, though.", "a73N8gGst2Q-00230-00137673-00138304": "Fantastic food, great craft beer, and excellent company, and although I found my phone the", "a73N8gGst2Q-00231-00138304-00138807": "moment I walked through the door, I feel like losing it a little more often."}}, {"audio_id": "a7jFS-f6cmy", "text": {"a7jFS-f6cmy-00000-00000006-00000440": "Hi and welcome to this quick video on APA in-text citations", "a7jFS-f6cmy-00001-00000440-00000926": "An in-text citation is a way to let the reader know an idea in your paper is not your own.", "a7jFS-f6cmy-00002-00000926-00001233": "it uses parentheses and points the reader to the", "a7jFS-f6cmy-00003-00001233-00001496": "correct entry in your reference list", "a7jFS-f6cmy-00004-00001496-00002073": "The basic parts of an in-text citation are the author, date of publication, and page number.", "a7jFS-f6cmy-00005-00002073-00002440": "The author and date of publication must stay together", "a7jFS-f6cmy-00006-00002440-00002983": "A page number is only used when you quote someone.", "a7jFS-f6cmy-00007-00002983-00003320": "The first step is to create the reference entry", "a7jFS-f6cmy-00008-00003320-00003640": "so that we know what goes in the author part", "a7jFS-f6cmy-00009-00003640-00003893": "of an in-text citation.", "a7jFS-f6cmy-00010-00003893-00004366": "Here's an example article that I'm going to use to create a reference from.", "a7jFS-f6cmy-00011-00004366-00004930": "This part is going to go kind of quick, because the point of this video is not to show you how to create APA reference", "a7jFS-f6cmy-00012-00004930-00005256": "I use Citation Fox and make it match their general form.", "a7jFS-f6cmy-00013-00005256-00005696": "Here's the citation I end up with.", "a7jFS-f6cmy-00014-00005696-00006260": "Now I'm going to use this reference entry to create an in-text citation.", "a7jFS-f6cmy-00015-00006260-00006456": "I need to find the authors", "a7jFS-f6cmy-00016-00006456-00006856": "and I only use last names. I also need the date of publication.", "a7jFS-f6cmy-00017-00006856-00007256": "So if I do NOT have a direct quote, I just need the", "a7jFS-f6cmy-00018-00007256-00007546": "authors and the year of publication.", "a7jFS-f6cmy-00019-00007546-00007909": "If I DO have a direct quote, I need to", "a7jFS-f6cmy-00020-00007909-00008203": "have the authors, date of publication,", "a7jFS-f6cmy-00021-00008203-00008726": "and then a \"p\" followed by the page number.", "a7jFS-f6cmy-00022-00008726-00009256": "The rules change depending on the number of authors so check OWL at Purdue for more details.", "a7jFS-f6cmy-00023-00009256-00009760": "Step 3 is actually using this in-text citation", "a7jFS-f6cmy-00024-00009760-00009983": "The way you use an in-text citation depends on", "a7jFS-f6cmy-00025-00009983-00010290": "how you use information from the source in your paper.", "a7jFS-f6cmy-00026-00010290-00010856": "It also matters if you use the author's names as part of your sentence.", "a7jFS-f6cmy-00027-00010856-00011140": "Two rules to follow when using an in-text citation:", "a7jFS-f6cmy-00028-00011140-00011386": "Keep your author and date together,", "a7jFS-f6cmy-00029-00011386-00012010": "and only use the page number at the end of the quote if there is actually a quote.", "a7jFS-f6cmy-00030-00012010-00012360": "Here's a direct quote from the article,", "a7jFS-f6cmy-00031-00012360-00012819": "and without using a citation we're plagiarizing because we don't know where this comes from.", "a7jFS-f6cmy-00032-00013019-00013340": "Here's the direct quote written in the form of a sentence.", "a7jFS-f6cmy-00033-00013340-00013646": "This uses a signal phrase.", "a7jFS-f6cmy-00034-00013846-00014310": "If my signal phrase doesn't contain the author, I put the author at the end", "a7jFS-f6cmy-00035-00014310-00014576": "with the year and the page number.", "a7jFS-f6cmy-00036-00014576-00015119": "Notice where the period goes: outside of the parentheses at the very end of the sentence.", "a7jFS-f6cmy-00037-00015119-00015646": "If I do have an author in the signal phrase, I can put my page number at the end.", "a7jFS-f6cmy-00038-00015646-00016046": "Now this is not complete because I need to put in", "a7jFS-f6cmy-00039-00016046-00016246": "the date of publication. And remember,", "a7jFS-f6cmy-00040-00016246-00016586": "I need to keep that right next to the author.", "a7jFS-f6cmy-00041-00016586-00017006": "Here's how this should look with the date right next to the author.", "a7jFS-f6cmy-00042-00017006-00017443": "When summarizing or paraphrasing, you need to re-write the idea in your own words", "a7jFS-f6cmy-00043-00017443-00018140": "Swapping out the author's words for synonyms might be considered plagiarism, so I would be careful", "a7jFS-f6cmy-00044-00018140-00018446": "Two rules when summarizing or paraphrasing:", "a7jFS-f6cmy-00045-00018646-00019066": "If you use the author's name in text, you must keep the year next to it.", "a7jFS-f6cmy-00046-00019066-00019556": "And no page numbers are using when paraphrasing sources in APA.", "a7jFS-f6cmy-00047-00019556-00020046": "Here's an example of a summary from that article.", "a7jFS-f6cmy-00048-00020046-00020446": "I can either put the authors at the end with the year --", "a7jFS-f6cmy-00049-00020446-00020800": "again, notice where the period goes -- or,", "a7jFS-f6cmy-00050-00020800-00021246": "I can use the authors' names in my signal phrase, just like before", "a7jFS-f6cmy-00051-00021246-00021646": "Remember to keep the date near the name.", "a7jFS-f6cmy-00052-00021646-00022176": "Lastly even librarians need to look up how to use APA format correctly.", "a7jFS-f6cmy-00053-00022176-00022546": "I use Citation Fox to get help when creating reference list entries,", "a7jFS-f6cmy-00054-00022546-00022846": "and OWL at Purdue to double-check my in-text citations.", "a7jFS-f6cmy-00055-00022846-00022983": "Good luck!"}}, {"audio_id": "a7sbG8hpuzo", "text": {"a7sbG8hpuzo-00000-00000012-00000234": "- Hello, everyone, I'm Feng Tang.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00001-00000234-00000360": "I come from China,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00002-00000360-00000665": "and I work for the Intel Linux System Engineering,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00003-00000665-00000936": "previously the Open Source Technology Center.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00004-00000936-00001158": "So today I will talk about the fastboot.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00005-00001626-00001761": "So here is some background.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00006-00001860-00002237": "I think everybody wants his Linux devices to boot faster,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00007-00002237-00002681": "no matter whether it's an embedded device like your phone,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00008-00002681-00002900": "the laptop, desktop, or the servers.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00009-00003043-00003170": "And back in 2008,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00010-00003351-00003613": "Arjan and Auke had introduced their", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00011-00003613-00003811": "\"Booting Linux in Five Seconds.\"", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00012-00003811-00004147": "I think at that time, it was a big whoa-whoa.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00013-00004147-00004409": "And yeah, at that time, I was very impressed.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00014-00004596-00005046": "And recently, the kernel boot time has been improved hugely,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00015-00005231-00005489": "but for this audience,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00016-00005609-00005902": "I will show you how still a lot of things can do.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00017-00006476-00006655": "Sorry, oh, here's an agenda.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00018-00006655-00006880": "So my talk will be two parts.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00019-00006880-00007025": "The first one will be sharing", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00020-00007173-00007355": "what we have done for our platform.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00021-00007593-00007738": "The next one will be discussing", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00022-00007738-00008055": "the potential optimization points, what we can do next.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00023-00008400-00008841": "So here's the reason we need to do the boot optimization.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00024-00008841-00009282": "Because while we were working on the automotive solution,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00025-00009282-00009411": "and there's a high requirement", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00026-00009411-00009845": "for the United States Department of Transportation", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00027-00009845-00010096": "that the rear camera must be functional", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00028-00010096-00010376": "after you press a power button, in two seconds.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00029-00010482-00010910": "And in that platform, the boot includes several phases,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00030-00010910-00011272": "including the hardware power on, the firmware,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00031-00011272-00011580": "the bootloader, the hypervisor, and the", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00032-00011718-00011856": "kernel and user space,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00033-00011941-00012338": "and pre-kernel already took about 500 milliseconds,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00034-00012451-00012874": "and the budget left for us is about 400 milliseconds.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00035-00013005-00013309": "Since it's running on hypervisor,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00036-00013309-00013623": "the initial kernel boot time is about 300.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00037-00013623-00013821": "Sorry, three seconds,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00038-00013821-00014275": "and finally we cut it to about 300 milliseconds,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00039-00014275-00014499": "which meets the requirement,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00040-00014499-00014770": "and the car is close to mass production.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00041-00015122-00015286": "Here's platform info.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00042-00015286-00015698": "So this platform is the best on the statistics.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00043-00015783-00015922": "So it has", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00044-00015922-00016091": "four core CPU", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00045-00016328-00016536": "with eight gigabytes of RAM,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00046-00016536-00017008": "and it uses the EMMC card as the root file system.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00047-00017161-00017266": "So for info,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00048-00017266-00017633": "we can see that we are running on top of a hypervisor", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00049-00017633-00017948": "because automotive needs some isolation", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00050-00017948-00018112": "for security reasons,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00051-00018112-00018493": "so we're running based on the hypervisor,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00052-00018493-00018692": "which is called ACRN.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00053-00018692-00018964": "Recently, the first batch of these patches", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00054-00018964-00019237": "has been loaded to the upstream kernel.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00055-00019237-00019457": "And then in the left,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00056-00019702-00019942": "this is very similar to the Xen.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00057-00019942-00020138": "The left side is like the dm-0,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00058-00020138-00020361": "which is a server OS,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00059-00020476-00020832": "and we're using the Clear Linux as the server OS,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00060-00020832-00021212": "and it's running with 4.19 kernel.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00061-00021582-00021878": "Here we talk about the methodology.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00062-00021878-00022050": "So I think everybody knows this.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00063-00022050-00022237": "So it has three steps.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00064-00022324-00022582": "The first one would be profiling,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00065-00022582-00022762": "which would be mirroring the data.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00066-00022859-00023281": "Then on to analyzing to find the hotspots.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00067-00023281-00023781": "And then the optimization, and this is a recursive process.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00068-00023834-00024267": "We optimize one point, and then to the next, and the next,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00069-00024267-00024430": "until we meet the target.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00070-00024767-00025121": "Next one is first to do the boot optimization,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00071-00025121-00025587": "we need to get the accurate kernel boot time,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00072-00025682-00025895": "and currently,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00073-00025895-00026342": "I think the boot time could be divided to three phases.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00074-00026342-00026604": "The first part is kernel decompression.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00075-00026724-00026926": "Then the second is dark phase.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00076-00027054-00027509": "We all see in our kernel message log, starting with a zero,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00077-00027680-00027956": "and then there's the normal timestamp.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00078-00028147-00028536": "A zero because that clock is not initialized yet.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00079-00028620-00029095": "So here you can see, it's just like the sunrise,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00080-00029095-00029425": "before the sunrise, where it's all dark.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00081-00029425-00029557": "We don't know the time.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00082-00029860-00030134": "Next is about how to check the kernel boot time.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00083-00030260-00030485": "We have several ways.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00084-00030485-00030985": "We have the systemd-analyze, which comes with systemd.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00085-00030985-00031348": "And we can also check from the printk timestamp,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00086-00031448-00031674": "and that's the one where we can just check,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00087-00031674-00032094": "find the keywords, running something as the initial process.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00088-00032354-00032854": "But these commands are not accurate enough.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00089-00032878-00033101": "We can see from the right picture.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00090-00033195-00033455": "The systemd-analyze will naturally tell you the time", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00091-00033552-00033916": "for the normal phase plus the user space loading.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00092-00034531-00034677": "And", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00093-00034677-00034947": "to run something as the init,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00094-00034947-00035203": "it actually just shows a normal phase.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00095-00035378-00035774": "So to get the real boot time, we need some tools.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00096-00036029-00036218": "Here it talks about, just briefly,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00097-00036218-00036549": "the profiling tools we've used.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00098-00036549-00036860": "So the initcall debug is very key,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00099-00036860-00037342": "and beyond that, we have the very powerful tool, bootchart,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00100-00037430-00037885": "which can give us a good view of how the time is spent.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00101-00038018-00038504": "And next is printk with absolute timestamp.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00102-00038504-00038640": "On the last slide,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00103-00038777-00039139": "I said that is all the existing tools.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00104-00039384-00039807": "Actually, I don't give the right time.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00105-00039807-00040222": "The only thing we can trust is actually the timer.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00106-00040222-00040435": "For the X86, it's the TSC.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00107-00040576-00040907": "After the system is powered on, it's just increasing", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00108-00041153-00041237": "the fixed rate.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00109-00041389-00041823": "So during our profiling, we have our own printk", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00110-00041823-00042014": "with the absolute timestamp,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00111-00042014-00042446": "and we can load actual time which have been spent.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00112-00043068-00043151": "Next", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00113-00043249-00043333": "is the tools", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00114-00043445-00043662": "to check the hotspots.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00115-00043838-00044246": "With these tools, with bootchart, with printk time,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00116-00044246-00044345": "with the initcall debug,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00117-00044345-00044673": "we can also check many things from", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00118-00044798-00044997": "the picture from the log,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00119-00044997-00045287": "but still there are things missing,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00120-00045287-00045597": "because for some functions which are not covered", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00121-00045597-00046003": "by the initcall debug, we don't know it,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00122-00046003-00046413": "and we need to give some special care to them.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00123-00046413-00046599": "Simply we can just add some printk", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00124-00046599-00047016": "in the entrance and exit of that function.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00125-00047357-00047729": "Also there would be something", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00126-00047729-00048070": "hiding in this bootchart picture.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00127-00048070-00048341": "It's asynchronous initialization.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00128-00048537-00048629": "It will hide a lot of things from the log or the bootchart,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00129-00049172-00049379": "and we need to manually dump them.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00130-00049903-00050354": "All the tools we use is just to find the real hotspots", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00131-00050652-00050780": "and the real hotspots.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00132-00051203-00051379": "The next one is analyze.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00133-00051379-00051652": "So with profile tools,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00134-00051774-00052110": "we need to get the whole picture of the boot process.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00135-00052260-00052541": "That is, we need to know every millisecond,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00136-00052541-00052668": "where it is used,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00137-00053005-00053288": "and then we need to check how", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00138-00053288-00053479": "and why it took so much time", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00139-00053615-00053983": "and whether it is really necessary to take so much time.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00140-00054370-00054640": "By this, we can find the hotspots.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00141-00055054-00055362": "So there are three major hotspots", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00142-00055362-00055670": "which consume much time in the boot process.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00143-00055844-00056091": "One is kind of the workaround for the drivers.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00144-00056353-00056579": "Also there will be some unnecessary modules", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00145-00056579-00056771": "and configures building the kernel.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00146-00056950-00057257": "We need to get rid of them one by one.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00147-00057609-00057747": "And then also there is", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00148-00057952-00058211": "some unexpected small functions.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00149-00058211-00058620": "You can overlook them, but they actually take a lot of time,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00150-00058714-00058947": "so we have to profile very carefully.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00151-00059502-00059994": "So the next one shows how the profile", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00152-00059994-00060077": "results,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00153-00060189-00060509": "which the upper one is the whole system", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00154-00060677-00061019": "from when you press the power button.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00155-00061019-00061215": "It goes through the hardware.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00156-00061215-00061496": "There's some power management, I see,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00157-00061496-00061996": "and then it goes to the firmware init, then the bootloader.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00158-00062069-00062207": "The purple one, the small one,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00159-00062207-00062455": "is the hypervisor initialization time.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00160-00062541-00063040": "And then comes the kernel part, and next is user space.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00161-00063282-00063782": "For the kernel part, the lower one is kind of a breakdown.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00162-00064077-00064528": "It just lists from the time point of view.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00163-00064528-00064879": "For the biggest time consumer for our kernel boot", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00164-00064979-00065284": "so we can see the kernel decompression,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00165-00065284-00065659": "the memory initialization, the SMP init,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00166-00065774-00066274": "which means you bring up all the long BSP boot processors.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00167-00066397-00066571": "And next one is firmware init.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00168-00066770-00067072": "It actually enumerates", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00169-00067072-00067158": "all the devices,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00170-00067158-00067568": "most of the devices in the system and those from the tables.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00171-00067721-00068221": "Next mostly is just driver stuff, the graphics, the storage,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00172-00068324-00068472": "some I/O controllers.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00173-00068568-00068879": "And the last one is the file system mounting.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00174-00069356-00069439": "So,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00175-00069534-00069907": "here is just an overview of all the hotspots.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00176-00070209-00070587": "It's driver asynchronous probing,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00177-00070587-00070889": "the root file system mounting, the memory initialization,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00178-00070988-00071226": "the kernel modules and the kernel configs,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00179-00071226-00071501": "and the graphics is a big part of our boot process,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00180-00071636-00071879": "and the last on is virtualization cost.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00181-00072314-00072621": "Here is some profile data.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00182-00072621-00072880": "The green means it used to be a big trouble,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00183-00072880-00073067": "and we can solve them.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00184-00073284-00073784": "And the black ones means the current status.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00185-00073805-00074005": "It lists some of the most time-consuming", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00186-00074005-00074171": "of the final platform.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00187-00074290-00074655": "And yeah, we hope we can still improve more,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00188-00074655-00074878": "but we will talk about it later.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00189-00075087-00075170": "So,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00190-00075390-00075740": "the driver asynchronous probe framework", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00191-00075740-00075971": "was actually set up 10 years ago,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00192-00076058-00076348": "but rare drivers really use it.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00193-00076598-00076681": "And", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00194-00076881-00077067": "so it's pretty simple", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00195-00077067-00077345": "if we use the asynchronous probing.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00196-00077345-00077614": "We can put the initial tasks onto the modules,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00197-00077839-00078267": "and they will be right in parallel and save a lot of time.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00198-00078459-00078748": "So to do that, it's", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00199-00078748-00078831": "simple.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00200-00078831-00079122": "You can just set the driver's probe type.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00201-00079358-00079687": "And also there's another way to try that's easy to try.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00202-00079687-00079949": "If you want just to try on your own system,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00203-00079949-00080169": "you can use the last", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00204-00080351-00080434": "sentence.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00205-00080434-00080595": "Just add them to the command line,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00206-00080789-00081205": "just to see if this asynchronous probing can.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00207-00081205-00081325": "If it can save time", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00208-00081325-00081671": "on your own platform without booting a new kernel,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00209-00081671-00081861": "just using the existing one.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00210-00081861-00082035": "Change the command line.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00211-00082315-00082669": "So next is a picture of the original boot.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00212-00082785-00083285": "So we can see here, most of them, the driver boot,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00213-00083612-00083914": "the only one good thing is the MMC driver.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00214-00083914-00083997": "Oh, sorry.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00215-00084101-00084447": "It already uses asynchronous probe.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00216-00084447-00084785": "It put its probe scanning function into a worker", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00217-00084952-00085188": "so that it could run in parallel.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00218-00085504-00085595": "Next one is", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00219-00085739-00086003": "the boot with asynchronous probing.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00220-00086003-00086374": "We can see many drivers are running in parallel.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00221-00086611-00086878": "And then we can see we've got about", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00222-00087058-00087215": "20% improvement", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00223-00087341-00087752": "just to simply make them synchronous.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00224-00087888-00088353": "So I think what we can do is just check our drivers", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00225-00088353-00088457": "to see if there", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00226-00088580-00088663": "could be", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00227-00088753-00088888": "use of synchronous probing.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00228-00089004-00089335": "It could benefit all the platforms running by these drivers.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00229-00089769-00089980": "Next one is the root file system mounting,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00230-00090064-00090216": "which is a critical chain.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00231-00090370-00090453": "And", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00232-00090660-00090766": "the problem we've met", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00233-00090766-00091025": "is mostly about the driver's efficiency.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00234-00091237-00091435": "Our platform,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00235-00091435-00091518": "even", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00236-00091695-00091982": "as I said, we are using the EMMC card", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00237-00091982-00092191": "as the root file system.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00238-00092191-00092551": "Still, the SATA initialization takes about", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00239-00092728-00092850": "up to 200 milliseconds,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00240-00093227-00093542": "and the real file system root storage", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00241-00093542-00093850": "takes about 40 to 100 milliseconds.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00242-00094096-00094351": "Since it's a critical chain, we just wanted it", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00243-00094506-00094828": "to run as quick as possible,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00244-00094828-00095235": "so we did something.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00245-00095235-00095692": "We moved the driver to the earliest stage of the", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00246-00095803-00096124": "init, which is by changing the MMC file.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00247-00096124-00096289": "It's ordering an entire MMC file.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00248-00096391-00096677": "And we also disabled in our platform.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00249-00096677-00097177": "We have several controllers for the SD host controllers.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00250-00097202-00097485": "We disabled the not used ones,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00251-00097602-00097938": "and we also disabled the nonused protocols,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00252-00098268-00098464": "and also removed some", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00253-00098626-00098843": "hacky delay inside the original driver.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00254-00099343-00099793": "So the last note is about we need to add rootwait cue", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00255-00099793-00099950": "to command line.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00256-00099950-00100187": "It will tell you that is how much time", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00257-00100187-00100398": "your system is working", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00258-00100398-00100602": "for your root file system to be ready.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00259-00100819-00101125": "Initially, it was about several hundred milliseconds", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00260-00101125-00101475": "in our system, and with these optimizations,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00261-00101475-00101646": "they are solved.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00262-00101959-00102282": "Next one is about the deferred memory initialization.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00263-00102458-00102541": "So", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00264-00102689-00102908": "our system has eight gigabytes,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00265-00102993-00103269": "and they cost more than 100 milliseconds.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00266-00103269-00103614": "It was actually about 150 initially.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00267-00103614-00103759": "And actually, in our early boot,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00268-00103759-00104084": "we don't need that much memory, and", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00269-00104244-00104534": "with the memory hotplug feature,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00270-00104534-00104791": "we just during the boot phase,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00271-00104791-00105052": "we initialize about two gigabytes,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00272-00105052-00105456": "and in the user space, to initialize the rest.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00273-00105456-00105779": "Okay?", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00274-00106150-00106471": "- [Audience Member] I think for this particular use case,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00275-00106471-00106783": "hotplug feature is probably not the best", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00276-00106783-00107206": "because currently, a deferred memory initialization,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00277-00107206-00107448": "I mean, kernel supports deferred memory initialization", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00278-00107448-00107774": "where you can initialize memory after SMP,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00279-00107774-00108205": "so it also could be used to initialize track pages,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00280-00108205-00108493": "and virtually, it would eliminate, like,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00281-00108493-00108958": "all 150 milliseconds that you use to initialize memory.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00282-00108958-00109311": "But as of right now, it only works per", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00283-00109439-00109694": "node, and since it's a single node system--", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00284-00109694-00109809": "- Yeah, yeah. - It won't work.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00285-00109809-00110040": "But there is a set of patches flying around.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00286-00110040-00110540": "There is like, ktasks, which also initialize memory", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00287-00110613-00110947": "right after SMP, so you could remove all the hotspots", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00288-00110947-00111279": "apart from the kernel and won't have to spend the time", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00289-00111279-00111450": "initializing the first gigabyte and so on.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00290-00111450-00111654": "It would be still much faster.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00291-00111654-00111960": "- Yeah, I don't know the exact status,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00292-00111960-00112255": "but in the following improvements, I actually mentioned,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00293-00112255-00112444": "we can use some key strategies", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00294-00112444-00112802": "to defer the memory initializing in kernel.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00295-00112994-00113334": "You said kernel already has this feature?", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00296-00113334-00113496": "- [Audience Member] Deferred memory initialization", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00297-00113496-00113616": "is part of the kernel.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00298-00113616-00114082": "- Yes, there is deferred memory initialization configure,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00299-00114082-00114474": "but I don't think that's these kinds of things.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00300-00114954-00115137": "- What I mean is that,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00301-00115225-00115308": "with this,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00302-00115407-00115683": "with initializing the first two gigabytes of memory", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00303-00115683-00115966": "and then initializing the rest by hotplugging it later,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00304-00115966-00116423": "you basically delay the rest of the memory initialization", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00305-00116423-00116723": "to the hotplug phase to the user space", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00306-00116723-00116941": "when you have other CPU's doing some other work", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00307-00116941-00117147": "starting the user processes.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00308-00117147-00117493": "But you can initialize all the memory fast", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00309-00117493-00117677": "right after SMP before the user space?", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00310-00117677-00117853": "- [Feng] Yeah, okay, that is the point, yeah, yeah.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00311-00117853-00118000": "- If you use-- - I mention that.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00312-00118000-00118127": "- The different memory initialization plus--", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00313-00118127-00118307": "- [Feng] We'll talk about it, yeah, yeah.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00314-00118307-00118428": "- [Audience Member] Yes, plus the ktask patches.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00315-00118428-00118599": "- Yeah, the kernel one, yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, exactly.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00316-00118599-00118771": "Okay, yeah.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00317-00118771-00118864": "That would be", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00318-00119036-00119159": "almost the same thing.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00319-00119419-00119549": "It's about what we can do.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00320-00119705-00120008": "Next one is about the CPU frequency.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00321-00120008-00120266": "The CPU frequency actually matters a lot,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00322-00120359-00120833": "especially for those without IO operations.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00323-00120833-00121029": "For example, the decompression.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00324-00121208-00121292": "In", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00325-00121454-00121869": "our kernel, our CPU usually runs at 1.9 gigahertz,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00326-00122027-00122525": "and it has a turbo mode, which is running at 2.4 gigahertz.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00327-00122525-00122735": "If we force it to run the", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00328-00122924-00123085": "2.4 gigahertz,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00329-00123085-00123585": "we'll get a lot of improvement for the overall boot time.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00330-00123592-00123675": "And", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00331-00123888-00124124": "because CPU frequency usually is set", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00332-00124124-00124304": "by the BIOS on the firmware,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00333-00124304-00124681": "and the kernel is only controlled by, and too,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00334-00124681-00125059": "the CPU frequency at subsystem getting initialized,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00335-00125316-00125604": "so my question here would be:", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00336-00125604-00126104": "Can we enable it and make it a kernel config option", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00337-00126108-00126317": "so that we can benefit from it?", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00338-00126513-00126781": "I know it depends on platform.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00339-00126781-00127080": "If we force the highest frequency,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00340-00127080-00127546": "it may hurt some hardware, but if there is some option,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00341-00127546-00127821": "that would be very", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00342-00127821-00127904": "cool.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00343-00128642-00128950": "- Maybe work with, say, firmware standards bodies", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00344-00128950-00129248": "to give us, say, user-defined phase", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00345-00129248-00129444": "to change the core frequency", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00346-00129444-00129793": "and then just in the Linux boot step, call that,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00347-00129793-00129876": "because I don't know", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00348-00129876-00130363": "if you want to have 500 different frequency drivers", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00349-00130363-00130635": "in an early boot-up called for a generic distro kernel.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00350-00130635-00131057": "But firmware already has to be able to set something up,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00351-00131057-00131460": "so we could at least enable the kernel call into firmware", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00352-00131460-00131644": "to set the frequency right when we join,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00353-00131644-00131792": "when we enter the kernel, right?", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00354-00131792-00132144": "- Yes, I'm for setting our frequencies just", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00355-00132534-00132641": "right into registers.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00356-00132641-00133047": "It's very easy, but we raise a request to the firmware team.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00357-00133047-00133130": "They don't care.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00358-00133130-00133454": "- Why even request firmware to change the frequency?", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00359-00133454-00133806": "Why not, like, have this as a setting of the firmware?", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00360-00133806-00134091": "So basically when kernel is started, firmware already--", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00361-00134091-00134223": "- [Alex] 'Cause the firmware doesn't know", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00362-00134223-00134306": "when the kernel starts,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00363-00134306-00134548": "and you don't necessarily want to run, say,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00364-00134548-00134920": "the GRUB whole menu really fast.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00365-00134920-00135033": "That's not useful.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00366-00135033-00135274": "- Well, I mean, it can switch to the highest frequency", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00367-00135274-00135400": "right before dropping to the kernel.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00368-00135400-00135598": "- [Alex] How do you know when you jump to the kernel?", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00369-00135598-00135681": "- The firmware knows when it jumps to the kernel.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00370-00135681-00135804": "- [Alex] The firmware does not know", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00371-00135804-00135887": "when it jumps to the kernel.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00372-00135887-00136173": "The firmware knows when it executes random EFI applications.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00373-00136173-00136256": "That's what it knows.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00374-00136256-00136437": "- [Audience Member] Right, but you have a setting", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00375-00136437-00136664": "that, like, before it executes--", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00376-00136664-00136781": "- [Alex] You mean exit boot services,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00377-00136781-00136999": "and then just go, like, sure.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00378-00136999-00137217": "That's the implicit way of doing it.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00379-00137217-00137324": "- [Audience Member] Right, right.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00380-00137324-00137503": "- But I personally would prefer", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00381-00137503-00137651": "if we just could make it explicit", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00382-00137651-00137783": "because maybe in another use case,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00383-00137783-00137979": "you'd rather want to have the lowest frequency", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00384-00137979-00138079": "for other reasons.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00385-00138079-00138162": "I don't know.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00386-00138162-00138268": "Because your kernel just happens to know", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00387-00138268-00138534": "that it wants to run really slow now.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00388-00138534-00138650": "- [Audience Member] It's still possible to do,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00389-00138650-00138854": "but for all kind of boots, of course.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00390-00138953-00139237": "- A generic interface kind of makes more sense in my book.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00391-00139237-00139432": "So you're saying you requested that from your firmware team,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00392-00139432-00139584": "and they didn't reply?", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00393-00139584-00139869": "- Yes, they are busy.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00394-00139869-00140258": "So we chose to control it inside the kernel.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00395-00140258-00140579": "So yeah, the chain is very simple.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00396-00140579-00140993": "Just I think just one interface is fine,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00397-00140993-00141310": "just to bump the frequency.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00398-00141310-00141444": "- Yes, is that going to work", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00399-00141444-00141676": "across all CPU families, across all vendors,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00400-00141676-00141969": "across all generations for the last 20 years?", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00401-00141969-00142136": "- Yes, that's a good question.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00402-00142136-00142495": "So make it a kernel option.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00403-00142495-00142604": "- [Alex] If you make it a kernel option,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00404-00142604-00142790": "distros are not going to be able to pick it up.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00405-00142790-00143044": "So if you want this to be a generic interface", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00406-00143044-00143310": "that anyone can use, it has to be something", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00407-00143310-00143473": "that is generically callable,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00408-00143473-00143710": "and if it requires 500 kilobytes of code addition", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00409-00143710-00143937": "in early boot-up code, just to be able to configure", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00410-00143937-00144219": "all the different register configuration combinations", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00411-00144219-00144310": "that there are-- - Okay.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00412-00144310-00144447": "- [Alex] It's not going to scale.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00413-00144447-00144530": "- That would be more generic, yeah.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00414-00144530-00144658": "- It needs to be some generic interface,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00415-00144658-00144876": "and the platform is the one that knows how to configure it,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00416-00144876-00145056": "so it kind of makes sense to use it.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00417-00145176-00145465": "- [Feng] You want a higher and a lower frequency, right?", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00418-00145465-00145775": "- Just work hard with your guys, seriously.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00419-00145775-00145956": "There has to be a way.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00420-00145956-00146039": "- [Feng] Okay.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00421-00146039-00146240": "- I think it's the one point where it makes the most sense.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00422-00146240-00146666": "I mean, in u-boot, we do have code, for example,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00423-00146666-00146918": "that does actually detect, like,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00424-00146918-00147147": "when you enter the Linux kernel,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00425-00147147-00147446": "it actually does configure the frequency to go up", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00426-00147446-00147612": "right at that point in time.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00427-00147612-00147880": "There are those mechanisms around for firmware.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00428-00147880-00148143": "It's just having something standardized and more explicit", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00429-00148143-00148360": "rather than implicit, and booting the kernel,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00430-00148360-00148538": "it probably wants to be a fast mechanism.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00431-00148538-00148890": "It makes more sense because on the other hand,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00432-00148890-00149210": "what you don't want to get into is a situation", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00433-00149210-00149641": "where you boost up the frequency really high,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00434-00149641-00149899": "and then the kernel does not have a CPU driver.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00435-00149899-00150063": "So you keep it at a really high frequency", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00436-00150063-00150354": "and eventually just burn out your CPU, right?", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00437-00150354-00150661": "So you kind of want to give the control", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00438-00150661-00150977": "over whether you want to have that boost over to the OS.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00439-00151072-00151419": "- Yeah, okay, you are talking about a more general solution.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00440-00151419-00151502": "Yeah.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00441-00151587-00151670": "Yeah.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00442-00151670-00151989": "- [Audience Member] So what to do about non-UEFI firmware", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00443-00151989-00152251": "like u-boot just with device tree?", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00444-00152251-00152438": "- U-boot with just device tree can still use UEFI.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00445-00152438-00152521": "That's fine.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00446-00152521-00152604": "It's all there.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00447-00152604-00152799": "Just ignore all the legacy boot path", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00448-00152799-00153005": "because nobody cares anymore.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00449-00153005-00153125": "- [Audience Member] We do.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00450-00153125-00153240": "(audience chuckles)", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00451-00153240-00153417": "- Then you might want to change your boot flow.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00452-00153417-00153637": "I mean, there is even with u-boot these days.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00453-00153637-00153929": "There's no reason not to use the UEFI boot path.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00454-00153929-00154012": "- [Audience Member] Code size?", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00455-00154012-00154144": "- Say that again?", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00456-00154144-00154236": "- [Audience Member] Code size?", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00457-00154236-00154574": "- Do you know how much code size gets added", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00458-00154574-00154773": "by adding the UEFI option in u-boot?", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00459-00154897-00155045": "- [Feng] It's like--", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00460-00155045-00155225": "- [Audience Member] More than zero.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00461-00155225-00155308": "- Say that again?", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00462-00155308-00155392": "- [Audience Member] More than zero.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00463-00155392-00155503": "- It's more than zero, yes.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00464-00155651-00155856": "But you can remove the FT support for it.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00465-00156010-00156233": "- [Audience Member] So code size is one thing,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00466-00156233-00156497": "and it slows down the kexec", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00467-00156497-00156720": "because kernel relocation is slow,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00468-00156720-00157170": "but the second thing is that UEFI makes u-boot,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00469-00157274-00157511": "like, boot slow because there's, like,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00470-00157511-00157707": "more stuff that needs to be done", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00471-00157707-00158006": "prior to actually jumping to the kernel.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00472-00158006-00158344": "In our experiments, it was, like, not too well done,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00473-00158344-00158458": "like almost half a second, I think.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00474-00158458-00158658": "- Half a second is definitely out of any league", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00475-00158658-00158781": "that we should see.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00476-00158781-00159052": "If you're seeing half a second, we should work on it.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00477-00159052-00159362": "Let's get down together and just improve that situation.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00478-00159362-00159445": "- [Audience Member] Sure.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00479-00159445-00159594": "- If we see anything in that boot flow", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00480-00159594-00159837": "that really gets us significantly slower,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00481-00159837-00160187": "I'm not talking about, like, say, one/two milliseconds,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00482-00160187-00160277": "even, yeah.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00483-00160277-00160737": "That's along a timeline that I can certainly see you taking,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00484-00160737-00161119": "but half a second is way off the charts, right?", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00485-00161119-00161292": "Yes, we need to load the kernel internally,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00486-00161292-00161459": "but we do that in any boot path.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00487-00161647-00161924": "Actually, if I stop callbacks and such,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00488-00161924-00162094": "they shouldn't add too much to it.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00489-00162333-00162528": "- True, I know you raised a good point.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00490-00162653-00163085": "It was certainly with extreme performance.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00491-00163085-00163405": "Yeah, if we want to apply to all platforms,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00492-00163405-00163646": "we'll have to have a lot of trade-off,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00493-00163646-00164016": "and if we just want to meet a specific requirement", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00494-00164016-00164181": "for one specific platform", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00495-00164181-00164495": "so you can do some not-so-decent way, right?", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00496-00164495-00164733": "- Yes, if you're doing a hack. - It's a good point, yeah.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00497-00164733-00164964": "- [Alex] Then you do the hack in your firmware, right?", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00498-00164964-00165047": "- Yeah.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00499-00165047-00165132": "- [Alex] Because, I mean, you as Intel,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00500-00165132-00165379": "I'm sure you can change the firmware just fine.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00501-00165379-00165489": "- It's not that easy.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00502-00165489-00165708": "- Ah, you can change your firmware just fine.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00503-00165804-00166091": "But if you want to have a generic mechanism,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00504-00166091-00166204": "which I really think we should have.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00505-00166204-00166490": "I think that's a great idea, boosting the kernel frequency", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00506-00166490-00166804": "on early boot is definitely a good way to get a faster boot,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00507-00166804-00166923": "boot times.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00508-00166923-00167189": "We should really talk about a generic interface.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00509-00167189-00167328": "- Okay, thank you.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00510-00167590-00167982": "So for this picture, I think it's pretty obvious,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00511-00167982-00168171": "but I still keep it.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00512-00168171-00168403": "So we use", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00513-00168403-00168692": "a loadable module when possible,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00514-00168692-00169084": "and we disable everything not necessary.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00515-00169084-00169235": "But we need to be careful.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00516-00169235-00169613": "Something will break the kernel or panic.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00517-00169613-00169932": "And we disable all the debug features", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00518-00169932-00170053": "for our release version.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00519-00170053-00170284": "You know, the debug version will still have these,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00520-00170284-00170776": "spinlock, mutex, and EF checks, good stuff,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00521-00170776-00171133": "but for release, we disable them, all of them.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00522-00171225-00171425": "And in the platform,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00523-00171425-00171710": "we have a lot of high level controllers,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00524-00171710-00171907": "but we don't actually use them.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00525-00171907-00171997": "We disable them", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00526-00172091-00172489": "because every initialization will cost some time", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00527-00172652-00172872": "because also the kernel size matters.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00528-00172872-00173107": "If we would use some module drivers,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00529-00173107-00173309": "the kernel would be smaller.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00530-00173309-00173484": "It would be faster loading", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00531-00173769-00173938": "and faster decompression.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00532-00173938-00174021": "- [Alex] So in here, you're saying", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00533-00174021-00174195": "that you want to use modules", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00534-00174195-00174577": "rather than compile things into the kernel, right?", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00535-00174577-00174691": "- For the necessary ones.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00536-00174691-00174778": "- [Alex] For the necessary ones.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00537-00174778-00174885": "- Yeah.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00538-00174885-00175076": "- [Alex] But you still want to use modules instead?", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00539-00175076-00175287": "Did you measure that modules actually are faster?", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00540-00175287-00175419": "I remember that a couple years ago,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00541-00175419-00175912": "we did look at exactly that problem set of loading modules,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00542-00175912-00176206": "and they actually ended up slowing the system down a lot.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00543-00176206-00176405": "Because you sequentially load initial.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00544-00176405-00176726": "Like, you reload and relocate every single kernel module", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00545-00176726-00176974": "that you actually need to load, et cetera, et cetera.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00546-00176974-00177057": "- [Feng] You're right.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00547-00177057-00177177": "- It turned out to be a lot of overhead.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00548-00177177-00177482": "- Yeah, I needed to emphasize before", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00549-00177482-00177744": "that because what we've done", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00550-00177744-00177961": "is actually for our specific platform,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00551-00177961-00178269": "and with that special", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00552-00178378-00178499": "application, actually, it's a camera application.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00553-00178778-00178933": "It needs to be functional.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00554-00178933-00179248": "So we did not only the kernel stuff", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00555-00179380-00179505": "and the user space stuff.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00556-00179505-00179910": "We tried to load the application faster, and", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00557-00180116-00180577": "those modules, a lot less modules are loaded in parallel", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00558-00180577-00180825": "with our camera application.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00559-00180825-00180908": "- [Alex] Oh.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00560-00180908-00181202": "- Yeah, that's especially for our platform, yeah.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00561-00181202-00181508": "- So you basically will configure equals Y", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00562-00181508-00181786": "on all the options that you need to boot.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00563-00181786-00181869": "- [Feng] Yeah, exactly.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00564-00181869-00182108": "- And everything that can be initialized later,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00565-00182108-00182442": "you leave as modules because now you get the parallels.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00566-00182442-00182602": "- Yeah, right. - Okay.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00567-00182602-00182856": "- So we love doing the distributing stuff.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00568-00182956-00183114": "- Are you getting more parallelism out of it?", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00569-00183114-00183306": "Because I remember that there was, like, a time,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00570-00183306-00183596": "at least a while back, when loading a module meant", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00571-00183596-00183827": "you were basically stopping the world.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00572-00183827-00184004": "Did that disappear by now?", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00573-00184004-00184099": "I didn't track.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00574-00184440-00184523": "- I also haven't checked.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00575-00184523-00184638": "- [Audience Member] I had the same question, actually.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00576-00184638-00184757": "I wanted to ask.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00577-00184757-00185006": "Did you really measure the parallelism you were getting?", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00578-00185006-00185332": "Like, the parallelization efficiency you've been getting", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00579-00185332-00185572": "by loading modules later?", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00580-00185572-00185767": "And what kind of extra work you can do", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00581-00185767-00185915": "while they're being loaded?", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00582-00186356-00186517": "- So", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00583-00186517-00186928": "for our platform, we don't have that much, so", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00584-00186928-00187222": "for the post-kernel phase,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00585-00187360-00187443": "to be frank,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00586-00187582-00187916": "I haven't done much profiling", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00587-00187916-00188071": "stuff.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00588-00188071-00188473": "So we only have several modules, and we keep those", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00589-00188624-00188896": "which is needed by the camera application", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00590-00188896-00189396": "inside kernel building, and we use asynchronous probing", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00591-00189423-00189588": "to make them boot in parallel.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00592-00189588-00189840": "For our stuff, we just put it into modules.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00593-00190352-00190671": "So here's", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00594-00190671-00190869": "the potential optimization points.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00595-00191118-00191320": "I will go through them one by one.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00596-00191576-00191953": "The first one is universality versus performance.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00597-00192291-00192782": "Your kernel driver wants to cover all the hardwares", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00598-00192782-00192908": "with one copy of code,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00599-00193039-00193122": "and", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00600-00193296-00193624": "our experience shows that many long delay in the drivers", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00601-00193624-00193917": "is actually just to cover one broken hardware,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00602-00194009-00194182": "and that everybody else needs to pay", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00603-00194182-00194544": "for this specific broken hardware.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00604-00194798-00195124": "For some examples, the graphics drivers,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00605-00195124-00195281": "camera graphics drivers.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00606-00195281-00195441": "We ought to detect the", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00607-00195632-00195818": "configuration if we read", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00608-00195905-00196174": "32 times for one register.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00609-00196351-00196663": "In our platform, it could take about", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00610-00196872-00197101": "500 milliseconds,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00611-00197101-00197578": "and previously, it was just to try to read file times,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00612-00197578-00197754": "32 times.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00613-00197754-00198122": "And then later, there was broken monitors", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00614-00198122-00198404": "from Acer or some brand,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00615-00198404-00198579": "so then the graphics driver changed it.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00616-00198579-00198889": "It changed the read retry number from five to 32.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00617-00199219-00199514": "And then similar things for the other driver,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00618-00199514-00199711": "for our SDHC driver.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00619-00199711-00199921": "I think in the kernel or upstream,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00620-00199921-00200192": "the SD host controller driver,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00621-00200192-00200511": "there's one delay inside the power-related operation.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00622-00200636-00200742": "It's 10 milliseconds.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00623-00200898-00201058": "- [Alex] Isn't that part of the spec?", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00624-00201058-00201151": "- What?", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00625-00201151-00201381": "- That could easily be a number that's part of the spec.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00626-00201381-00201566": "It just has to be there", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00627-00201566-00201788": "in order to power up a card, for example.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00628-00201922-00202159": "- Yes, just for one card.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00629-00202159-00202364": "For one type of controller.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00630-00202364-00202659": "It is not inside any of the specs.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00631-00202781-00203028": "It's just to cover one broken hardware.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00632-00203028-00203111": "- [Alex] Okay.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00633-00203251-00203534": "- And I've tried many platforms,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00634-00203534-00203737": "and we don't need that delay.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00635-00203737-00203820": "- [Alex] Okay.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00636-00204177-00204302": "- So my question here is:", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00637-00204471-00204929": "Can we just add some kernel parameters to tune these delays?", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00638-00204929-00205012": "- [Alex] No.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00639-00205012-00205303": "- Yes, so that's my passion.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00640-00205303-00205555": "Why is it rejected by the parameters?", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00641-00205555-00205775": "- So \"no\" is a pretty obvious answer on that one.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00642-00205775-00205990": "Always, whenever you think about these cases,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00643-00205990-00206352": "always, don't think of a specific embedded application.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00644-00206352-00206529": "Think of distros, right?", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00645-00206529-00206612": "- [Feng] Yeah, okay.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00646-00206612-00206850": "- That's the easy way to basically think on your own", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00647-00206850-00207029": "whether something like this could get accepted.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00648-00207029-00207112": "- [Feng] Yeah.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00649-00207112-00207302": "- Quirks, however, is a really good idea, right?", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00650-00207302-00207467": "Check on PCI ID's.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00651-00207467-00207605": "Check on DMI ID's.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00652-00207605-00207742": "Check on whatever ID's.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00653-00207742-00208052": "You will be able to easily be able to get them in there.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00654-00208052-00208242": "Or even just change the whole concept.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00655-00208242-00208325": "Like, for example,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00656-00208325-00208523": "if you're saying you're reading a register", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00657-00208523-00208929": "to detect the monitor, well, maybe, doing that in a, like...", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00658-00209048-00209132": "What is it called?", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00659-00209132-00209272": "Work queue, work item, work.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00660-00209437-00209669": "Is a much smarter way of doing it", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00661-00209669-00210001": "than pausing the initialization for it, right?", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00662-00210001-00210084": "- Yeah.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00663-00210391-00210586": "Okay, we'll go faster, okay?", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00664-00210689-00210852": "So here's in-kernel.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00665-00210852-00211088": "There's a memory deferred initialization,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00666-00211190-00211366": "just addressed by this gentleman.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00667-00211652-00212058": "So just after the SMP is initialized,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00668-00212058-00212280": "all the core system is up and running.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00669-00212280-00212419": "We can just do something", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00670-00212576-00212834": "to load some of the memory initialization work.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00671-00213177-00213260": "And another problem", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00672-00213260-00213709": "is when doing the driver asynchronous probing.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00673-00213709-00214090": "It will mess up some of the controllers index", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00674-00214090-00214544": "for, like, the uart, the spi, the I-squared-C.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00675-00214544-00214873": "Because the selected devices collecting to them", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00676-00214873-00215037": "rely on the fixed number.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00677-00215037-00215304": "If we use asynchronous probing,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00678-00215304-00215559": "the control index may be messed up.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00679-00215844-00216000": "Okay, so.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00680-00216000-00216084": "- [Audience Member] I mean,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00681-00216084-00216316": "isn't udev supposed to address this?", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00682-00216316-00216399": "- Excuse me?", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00683-00216399-00216625": "- Isn't udev supposed to address this problem?", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00684-00216711-00217048": "Providing device names that are consistent across reboot?", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00685-00217253-00217558": "(Feng stammers)", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00686-00217558-00217902": "- Yeah, we can try to do that, but", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00687-00217902-00218177": "that will cost a lot extra for us", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00688-00218177-00218405": "because we have the uart, and we have the spi,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00689-00218405-00218765": "and we have the I-squared-C for our platform,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00690-00218765-00218900": "a lot of stuff.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00691-00218900-00218983": "So", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00692-00219071-00219386": "one possible solution is just to add some of the", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00693-00219575-00219952": "platform data into the data structure of the device.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00694-00219952-00220352": "We're connecting the PCI ID with some fixed number.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00695-00220537-00220918": "This may easily help the situation.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00696-00221092-00221417": "So I used to have a driver, a patch,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00697-00221417-00221723": "to make a map to do the asynchronous probe", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00698-00221723-00222200": "and suddenly I had to drop it because of this problem.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00699-00222200-00222321": "So I rest it here.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00700-00222821-00223030": "- [Audience Member] So udev does work very well,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00701-00223030-00223283": "but it requires round tripping from user to kernel,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00702-00223283-00223548": "which means you have a huge context switch overhead,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00703-00223548-00223827": "and it doesn't do it fast, so it does it well, but slowly.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00704-00223827-00223980": "- [Alex] It doesn't do it well, either.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00705-00223980-00224078": "- [Audience Member] It doesn't do it, really, no.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00706-00224078-00224236": "Definitely not. - It doesn't work that way.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00707-00224236-00224319": "- [Audience Member] Yep.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00708-00224787-00225219": "- Okay, next one is parallize SMP initialization.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00709-00225219-00225701": "So in our system, and I also profiled some other systems,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00710-00225701-00225812": "including servers,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00711-00225812-00226307": "usually it takes about six to 10 milliseconds to bring up", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00712-00226430-00226513": "one CPU.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00713-00226778-00227121": "And it used to be more in the older kernel.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00714-00227426-00227685": "So currently, I don't know how to solve this,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00715-00227685-00228022": "but I just think there may be some space to improve here.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00716-00228286-00228591": "Currently, all the CPU's are brought up", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00717-00228591-00228922": "by their aligned CPU hotplug framework.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00718-00229228-00229512": "Maybe we can try to optimize it", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00719-00229692-00230004": "because for the Linux system, with a lot of CPU's,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00720-00230004-00230236": "it really takes quite some time.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00721-00230755-00231077": "Next one is the firmware init.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00722-00231241-00231473": "In our existing, the final numbers,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00723-00231473-00231973": "the firmware ACPI initialization still takes a lot of time", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00724-00232046-00232546": "because it is running before the SMP is initialized.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00725-00232607-00232691": "Sorry,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00726-00232816-00233003": "it's in the critical path,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00727-00233003-00233271": "and it cannot be asynchronous now.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00728-00233271-00233678": "Maybe we can just carefully check them.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00729-00233678-00234088": "We don't need to do all of them in the critical path, and", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00730-00234233-00234451": "split them to a different phase.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00731-00234590-00234788": "Because for the general device,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00732-00234788-00235191": "I think they could be enumerated later.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00733-00235191-00235403": "- [Audience Member] I had a comment on the previous slide.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00734-00235403-00235486": "- Okay.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00735-00235579-00235856": "- Have you checked where the time is spent", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00736-00235856-00235994": "during the SMP initialization?", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00737-00235994-00236328": "Because from what I remember, on some broken CPU's,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00738-00236328-00236548": "it takes a longer time to", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00739-00236691-00236882": "synchronize TSC", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00740-00236882-00237230": "so that there was like a delay loop of each task,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00741-00237442-00237835": "like across table, TSC, and it's done on every single CPU.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00742-00237835-00237935": "- [Feng] Yeah.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00743-00237935-00238228": "- So, I mean, if the hardware is not broken,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00744-00238228-00238367": "you don't have to do that.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00745-00238367-00238616": "It's just a possibility that that's where you spend time", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00746-00238616-00238757": "to calibrate the TSC.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00747-00238940-00239348": "- I profiled several platforms, so TSC is fine.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00748-00239348-00239431": "It's just", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00749-00239526-00239838": "when we bring up kind of each CPU,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00750-00239838-00240218": "it will set up a lot of the user case, right?", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00751-00240218-00240501": "And instead of running a lot of the initializing function,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00752-00240501-00240771": "there will be a big list of them, one by one.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00753-00240771-00241112": "- Yeah, I know the tech is very deep for CPU initialization", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00754-00241112-00241263": "but just where you spent time there.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00755-00241263-00241406": "Like, what actually?", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00756-00241719-00241844": "- I haven't checked the details,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00757-00241844-00242132": "but it seems there's some synchronization.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00758-00242217-00242684": "They're waiting for something to act, okay?", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00759-00242684-00242767": "Okay.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00760-00243119-00243313": "So we're almost done here.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00761-00243519-00243825": "So the last one I was mentioning was about the user space.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00762-00243917-00244152": "So you in one picture previously,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00763-00244152-00244479": "we noticed that it takes us", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00764-00244479-00244810": "about 100 milliseconds to load the systemd,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00765-00244912-00245101": "and the file prevelance is too much.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00766-00245510-00245934": "So we tried to use some lightweight initial program", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00767-00246150-00246260": "which will", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00768-00246392-00246804": "just try to load the less serious stuff", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00769-00246804-00247106": "and use a readahead to preload some libraries,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00770-00247277-00247644": "then just start our camera application.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00771-00248181-00248364": "With that,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00772-00248364-00248546": "with using that,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00773-00248546-00248799": "we could get some time back.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00774-00248885-00249102": "And also,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00775-00249102-00249286": "my question is:", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00776-00249286-00249510": "Can we just add the initial program, then,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00777-00249510-00249760": "into the command line to do some preloading stuff?", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00778-00250171-00250254": "- It's already there.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00779-00250254-00250337": "It's called init equals.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00780-00250337-00250673": "There's a command on option to define the init program", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00781-00250673-00250783": "as well as arguments,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00782-00250783-00251094": "so if init equals is always the last parameter,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00783-00251094-00251342": "you define that, and then after that comes your executable", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00784-00251342-00251504": "and your parameters.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00785-00251504-00251587": "It's all there.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00786-00251587-00251702": "- You mean preloading?", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00787-00252048-00252131": "- [Audience Members] I think", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00788-00252131-00252256": "he's asking a different question.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00789-00252256-00252411": "He doesn't want to specify a net.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00790-00252411-00252548": "He wants to preload a net.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00791-00252548-00252632": "- Yes, yes.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00792-00252632-00252773": "- [Audience Member] So a command line option.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00793-00252773-00252862": "- Yeah, we already do that.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00794-00252862-00253016": "It's just preload.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00795-00253016-00253308": "Sorry, I'm making it clear that it's preload.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00796-00253308-00253589": "Once the root file system is mounting,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00797-00253589-00253869": "it's just to start preloading the initial program", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00798-00253869-00254019": "so that we don't have to wait.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00799-00254128-00254322": "Broken call, wait for it.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00800-00254322-00254438": "- How much time do you have", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00801-00254438-00254626": "in between the root file system is mounted", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00802-00254626-00254929": "and you actually trying to find that application?", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00803-00254929-00255198": "Like the call in the kernel that tries to find init?", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00804-00255198-00255281": "How much time do you spend", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00805-00255281-00255461": "in between those two points in time?", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00806-00255648-00255972": "- For the loading times, actually, the disk read time.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00807-00256204-00256415": "- So what I'm saying is,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00808-00256415-00256671": "the kernel needs to be able to access the volume, right?", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00809-00256671-00256916": "It needs to be able to actually find that inner process,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00810-00256916-00257008": "so it needs to have a driver", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00811-00257008-00257196": "loaded with all the storage back end.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00812-00257196-00257350": "It needs to have the file system loaded.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00813-00257350-00257498": "It needs to actually have the file system mounted,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00814-00257498-00257648": "et cetera, et cetera, correct?", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00815-00257910-00258028": "Which stage are you trying to preload?", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00816-00258028-00258267": "- Okay, you mean there's not much space", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00817-00258267-00258401": "for doing the preloading?", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00818-00258401-00258573": "- [Audience Member] So I think what Alex is saying is,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00819-00258573-00258764": "you may not have the time to do the preload.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00820-00258764-00258894": "Is that your argument?", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00821-00258894-00259221": "- What I'm saying is maybe the time that you have to preload", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00822-00259221-00259513": "is about two milliseconds, and that is moot", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00823-00259513-00259760": "because from the kernel boot flow,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00824-00259760-00260123": "by the point in time you search for the root target,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00825-00260123-00260606": "you mount the root target, and you try to load in it", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00826-00260606-00260776": "and execute it.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00827-00260776-00261069": "That's almost like two function calls", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00828-00261069-00261184": "right after each other.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00829-00261184-00261455": "There's very little time in between those points in time", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00830-00261455-00261615": "which means if you want to do that,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00831-00261615-00261736": "you would actually have to", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00832-00261736-00262053": "completely take the whole boot flow upside down in Linux.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00833-00262053-00262136": "- [Feng] Yeah.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00834-00262136-00262437": "- And instead of passing the root target,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00835-00262437-00262767": "which equals parameter on the command line,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00836-00262767-00263121": "pass that really late, you would have to pass that,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00837-00263121-00263233": "I don't know, like, dynamically,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00838-00263233-00263366": "as soon as you load drivers.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00839-00263366-00263521": "I have no idea.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00840-00263521-00263723": "That's a flow that we don't have at all.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00841-00263723-00263807": "- [Feng] I understand that, yeah.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00842-00263807-00264137": "- [Tim] You could put it in an init wrap at best.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00843-00264137-00264357": "- [Alex] Okay, Tim was just saying,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00844-00264357-00264564": "you could put it into an init wrap at best.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00845-00264720-00265045": "How does that buy you any time?", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00846-00265298-00265448": "Okay, I think he's walking up.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00847-00265606-00265748": "- [Audience Member] I'm sorry, is there another one?", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00848-00265748-00265831": "- [Alex] Well, there's this one.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00849-00265831-00265951": "You can...", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00850-00265951-00266122": "Oh, there you go.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00851-00266122-00266206": "Yeah, he has one for you.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00852-00266206-00266384": "- [Audience Member] So just one quick thing.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00853-00266384-00266494": "Take a look at Alpine.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00854-00266672-00266972": "Alpine is a distro that works very well for vetted systems.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00855-00266972-00267101": "Init's very small.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00856-00267101-00267259": "It takes an incredibly small amount of time,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00857-00267259-00267611": "and it's easy to optimize this kind of problem,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00858-00267611-00267909": "especially when you're transitioning to UserLAnd.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00859-00268086-00268436": "- I guess my observation on this particular item was", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00860-00268436-00268885": "if you put the systemd dmesg into initramfs,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00861-00268885-00269136": "I don't know if that's possible or if that screws you up,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00862-00269136-00269308": "but initramfs is gonna be in memory", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00863-00269308-00269548": "before you mount the other file systems.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00864-00269650-00270020": "I wanted to back up several slides to your issue of...", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00865-00270227-00270332": "Keep going.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00866-00270332-00270464": "Let me see.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00867-00270464-00270549": "It was your...", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00868-00270549-00270632": "No, keep going.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00869-00270719-00270929": "Yeah, can we handle it in a better way?", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00870-00270929-00271404": "So there's a couple of classes of kernel issues", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00871-00271404-00271803": "that fall into this category of they're highly specialized", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00872-00271803-00272303": "depending on your configuration and your hardware that", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00873-00272424-00272578": "it's very hard to share them", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00874-00272578-00272777": "with the rest of the community because of that, right?", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00875-00272777-00273175": "So you want to make a way to parameterize the kernel", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00876-00273175-00273531": "so that you can cut out cruft that you're not gonna use,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00877-00273531-00274031": "but it's then very hard to share that with other people.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00878-00274060-00274241": "There's not really a kernel mechanism, you know?", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00879-00274241-00274456": "You brought up the kernel parameter tuning,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00880-00274583-00274942": "but that still leaves some poor soul at another company", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00881-00274942-00275290": "to go through and find all those parameters again", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00882-00275290-00275722": "and to hand-tune them, and so it seems...", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00883-00275722-00275910": "I don't have a solution here,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00884-00275910-00276140": "but it seems like a better approach to the problem", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00885-00276140-00276364": "would be to set up some kind of system", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00886-00276364-00276615": "where, like, all this information that you've got", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00887-00276615-00276789": "is really, really good, but it's, you know,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00888-00276789-00277030": "five years from now, it's gonna be buried, you know,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00889-00277030-00277331": "on a plumber's video somewhere on YouTube,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00890-00277331-00277735": "and someone's gonna have to do this all over again.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00891-00277735-00277967": "And so it would be nice if there was a sharing,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00892-00277967-00278090": "a place where you could share this stuff.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00893-00278090-00278456": "I'm not sure that the kernel source tree is the right place.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00894-00278456-00278714": "Maybe it is, but maybe we need to actually think", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00895-00278714-00278966": "about some other place where we can share this type", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00896-00278966-00279206": "of tuning information.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00897-00279206-00279368": "Like, you guys went through a lot of trouble", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00898-00279368-00279494": "to get this information.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00899-00279494-00279629": "It's hard-won.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00900-00279629-00279810": "I'd be nice to be able to share it with other people,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00901-00279810-00280140": "but I don't have a solution for how to do that sharing", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00902-00280140-00280335": "or where to do that sharing.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00903-00280335-00280610": "- Yeah, I'm tuning these things.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00904-00280755-00281041": "I've made some patches to the upstream menus,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00905-00281041-00281357": "trying to figure, just as Alex has said.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00906-00281357-00281452": "That got rejected", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00907-00281452-00281869": "because of bringing the new kind of parameters.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00908-00281869-00282139": "So yeah, so you think we need something", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00909-00282139-00282417": "inside the kernel documentation about these things?", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00910-00282417-00282754": "- [Audience Member] Maybe documentation, I don't know.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00911-00282754-00283052": "- So my suggestion would be a simple, quick one.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00912-00283052-00283433": "There's a webpage called Kernel Newbies, which is a Wiki,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00913-00283433-00283604": "which you can just add a page to and say,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00914-00283604-00283911": "\"Well, if you want to optimize boot time really fast,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00915-00283911-00284079": "\"look at these items, and by the way,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00916-00284079-00284337": "\"these are some low-hanging fruits to potentially optimize", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00917-00284337-00284627": "\"with alternatives upstream going forward.\"", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00918-00284627-00284711": "So people can pick up versions.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00919-00284711-00284843": "- [MC] I'm gonna throw in a mine here.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00920-00284843-00285014": "We're now into break time.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00921-00285014-00285419": "We're past the time, so if you have a lot more,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00922-00285419-00285573": "I would suggest scheduling above", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00923-00285573-00285935": "or, you know, finding a hack room and continuing there.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00924-00285935-00286075": "If people want to keep chatting", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00925-00286075-00286335": "until the next speaker comes in, I'm not gonna stop you,", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00926-00286335-00286615": "but just so people know that they're in the break.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00927-00286615-00286716": "Thank you very much.", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00928-00286716-00286825": "- Okay. (audience applauds)", "a7sbG8hpuzo-00929-00286825-00287042": "Thank you for coming."}}, {"audio_id": "a7HZS7mQwry", "text": {"a7HZS7mQwry-00000-00000004-00000291": "My name is Dr. Jennifer Buckner, and I'm going to be your professor for this", "a7HZS7mQwry-00001-00000291-00000346": "class.", "a7HZS7mQwry-00002-00000346-00000744": "I want to give you kind of an unconventional introduction, so you can get to know", "a7HZS7mQwry-00003-00000744-00000787": "me", "a7HZS7mQwry-00004-00000787-00001109": "outside of the typical what I teach", "a7HZS7mQwry-00005-00001109-00001418": "and my role at the University. So, I want to show you a little bit about my", "a7HZS7mQwry-00006-00001418-00001911": "life offline, outside, away from the class.", "a7HZS7mQwry-00007-00001911-00002118": "One of my favorite hobbies is", "a7HZS7mQwry-00008-00002118-00002675": "working in my square foot garden.", "a7HZS7mQwry-00009-00002675-00003111": "Without meaning to, we've also acquired quite a few animals recently", "a7HZS7mQwry-00010-00003111-00003465": "chickens, dogs, bunnies.", "a7HZS7mQwry-00011-00003465-00003910": "And I love photography", "a7HZS7mQwry-00012-00003910-00004492": "and reading. You can see fantasy, young adult fiction,", "a7HZS7mQwry-00013-00004492-00004987": "mystery, literature, theory, philosophy...", "a7HZS7mQwry-00014-00004987-00005371": "The greatest problem is finding somewhere for the books to fit. And this", "a7HZS7mQwry-00015-00005371-00005598": "is something that my children are part of", "a7HZS7mQwry-00016-00005598-00005965": "in both digital environments and print", "a7HZS7mQwry-00017-00005965-00006577": "environments. I am a new media scholar,", "a7HZS7mQwry-00018-00006577-00006962": "so technology is a large part of what I spend my time doing.", "a7HZS7mQwry-00019-00006962-00007501": "My PhD is in writing studies", "a7HZS7mQwry-00020-00007501-00007853": "and new media and rhetoric.", "a7HZS7mQwry-00021-00007853-00008342": "So, I attended class that was live, but I did it", "a7HZS7mQwry-00022-00008343-00008657": "through a video feed. This gave me a unique opportunity", "a7HZS7mQwry-00023-00008657-00008968": "That was very different from my previous experiences. And it taught me a lot about learning at a distance.", "a7HZS7mQwry-00024-00008968-00009429": "All of this scholarly work", "a7HZS7mQwry-00025-00009429-00009859": "requires some kind of stress relief, so for that I go running,", "a7HZS7mQwry-00026-00009859-00010275": "biking and swimming, which I do with my husband with my friends", "a7HZS7mQwry-00027-00010275-00010975": "and sometimes just by myself.", "a7HZS7mQwry-00028-00011003-00011432": "Sometimes, at the end of a long day, all I really need is a beautiful sunset", "a7HZS7mQwry-00029-00011432-00011694": "and my camera. And my life is complete."}}, {"audio_id": "a7SddBM8tWI", "text": {"a7SddBM8tWI-00000-00000000-00000152": "Maymun Oʻzbekiston da"}}, {"audio_id": "a86BMJ0KdGE", "text": {"a86BMJ0KdGE-00000-00000662-00000782": "EXCEL SAMURAI DA!", "a86BMJ0KdGE-00001-00000782-00000868": "The Drumming Drum", "a86BMJ0KdGE-00002-00001122-00001514": "Hi Mr. SAMURAI, I have a CSV data but data is not clean.", "a86BMJ0KdGE-00003-00001590-00001934": "Hi ICHIRO, Do you mean there are blank records etc.?", "a86BMJ0KdGE-00004-00002046-00002448": "Yes. There is blank data and upper case and lower case are mixed.", "a86BMJ0KdGE-00005-00002524-00002812": "Ok, I will show you how to do data cleansing.", "a86BMJ0KdGE-00006-00002812-00002904": "The Drumming Drum", "a86BMJ0KdGE-00007-00003760-00004384": "EXCEL SAMURAI DA!", "a86BMJ0KdGE-00008-00004384-00004472": "The Drumming Drum", "a86BMJ0KdGE-00009-00004832-00005450": "Please subscribe our channel if you like!", "a86BMJ0KdGE-00010-00005718-00005880": "We use following Excel version for this video", "a86BMJ0KdGE-00011-00005880-00006136": "Microsoft Excel for Microsoft 365 MSO (16.0.12827.20200) 32 bit", "a86BMJ0KdGE-00012-00006136-00006356": "Please check How to check version in Microsoft Excel video to check Excel version", "a86BMJ0KdGE-00013-00006368-00006508": "What you can do with Excel", "a86BMJ0KdGE-00014-00006562-00006666": "data cleansing", "a86BMJ0KdGE-00015-00006845-00006984": "What you can do with Excel?", "a86BMJ0KdGE-00016-00007040-00007264": "You can process data cleansing in Excel.", "a86BMJ0KdGE-00017-00007328-00007420": "For example:", "a86BMJ0KdGE-00018-00007420-00007548": "Your data is not clean.", "a86BMJ0KdGE-00019-00007573-00007702": "Duplicate of data.", "a86BMJ0KdGE-00020-00007730-00007934": "Mix of small character and large character.", "a86BMJ0KdGE-00021-00007972-00008114": "There are blank cells.", "a86BMJ0KdGE-00022-00008164-00008696": "You can watch “What you can do with Excel - import csv data” video for importing csv data.", "a86BMJ0KdGE-00023-00008750-00008928": "First remove duplicate of data.", "a86BMJ0KdGE-00024-00008962-00009078": "Please watch a video.", "a86BMJ0KdGE-00025-00011394-00011582": "You removed duplicated data now.", "a86BMJ0KdGE-00026-00011656-00011892": "Next check mix of small and large character.", "a86BMJ0KdGE-00027-00011948-00012072": "Please watch next video.", "a86BMJ0KdGE-00028-00015884-00016163": "Now you have fixed the small and large character of data.", "a86BMJ0KdGE-00029-00016218-00016458": "Next you can fill the blank cells for numbers.", "a86BMJ0KdGE-00030-00016502-00016640": "Please watch next video.", "a86BMJ0KdGE-00031-00018590-00018868": "Lastly, you can fill the blank cells for text.", "a86BMJ0KdGE-00032-00022646-00022730": "How was it?", "a86BMJ0KdGE-00033-00022764-00023060": "Now you can start processing data cleansing in Excel.", "a86BMJ0KdGE-00034-00023108-00023526": "You can download this Excel file. Please refer to description of this video.", "a86BMJ0KdGE-00035-00023582-00023722": "Please enjoy Excel.", "a86BMJ0KdGE-00036-00023778-00023850": "By SAMURAI", "a86BMJ0KdGE-00037-00024160-00024570": "Thank you, Mr. SAMURAI! Now I can clean data by Excel.", "a86BMJ0KdGE-00038-00024686-00025028": "Good. You can remove unnecessary data by filtering.", "a86BMJ0KdGE-00039-00025118-00025428": "That is good. I think I may have unnecessary data.", "a86BMJ0KdGE-00040-00025544-00025866": "We will provide more tutorials about data analysis in future.", "a86BMJ0KdGE-00041-00025866-00025932": "The Drumming Drum", "a86BMJ0KdGE-00042-00026142-00026302": "Thank you for watching!", "a86BMJ0KdGE-00043-00026302-00026912": "Please subscribe our channel if you like!", "a86BMJ0KdGE-00044-00026912-00027589": "Please follow our SNS (Facebook, Twitter and Instagram) in description of this video."}}, {"audio_id": "a8mtMEajPK0", "text": {"a8mtMEajPK0-00000-00000606-00001104": "Questioner: You were telling us the importance of waiting, to wait.", "a8mtMEajPK0-00001-00001104-00001454": "So what I wanted to ask is why…why this waiting?", "a8mtMEajPK0-00002-00001454-00001764": "Why does one have to wait like this?", "a8mtMEajPK0-00003-00001764-00002007": "Why can’t it be without waiting for a long time?", "a8mtMEajPK0-00004-00002007-00002108": "Thank you.", "a8mtMEajPK0-00005-00002108-00002526": "Sadhguru: I did not talk about waiting for a long time.", "a8mtMEajPK0-00006-00002526-00003149": "I was talking about waiting as a quality, not as time.", "a8mtMEajPK0-00007-00003150-00003686": "I was only talking about waiting as a certain quality within you,", "a8mtMEajPK0-00008-00003686-00003942": "not about how long have you waited.", "a8mtMEajPK0-00009-00003943-00004075": "You’re fidgeting…", "a8mtMEajPK0-00010-00004075-00004880": "You’re fidgety and you wait for a thousand years, it’s no good.", "a8mtMEajPK0-00011-00004880-00005280": "You’re fidgety and you’re waiting for 10,000 years, what does it mean?", "a8mtMEajPK0-00012-00005280-00005454": "It means nothing.", "a8mtMEajPK0-00013-00005454-00005920": "It just means you’re wasting your time.", "a8mtMEajPK0-00014-00005920-00006355": "Waiting as a quality- that you simply wait.", "a8mtMEajPK0-00015-00006355-00007208": "You can only wait upon somebody or something when you do not think much of yourself.", "a8mtMEajPK0-00016-00007208-00007692": "If you’re absolute nothing, you can wait on anything.", "a8mtMEajPK0-00017-00007692-00008425": "If you think too much of yourself, you cannot wait upon anything or anybody.", "a8mtMEajPK0-00018-00008426-00009254": "You will see, the more educated people become, the more affluent people become,", "a8mtMEajPK0-00019-00009254-00009710": "they cannot wait.", "a8mtMEajPK0-00020-00009710-00010048": "Have you seen this?", "a8mtMEajPK0-00021-00010048-00010576": "People who don’t think much of themselves, you ask a villager comes here, you tell him,", "a8mtMEajPK0-00022-00010576-00010980": "‘Just wait,’ he’ll simply sit there whole day,", "a8mtMEajPK0-00023-00010980-00011240": "but you ask an educated man to wait,", "a8mtMEajPK0-00024-00011240-00011753": "(Gestures - hastily looks at his watch and looks up) (Laughter).", "a8mtMEajPK0-00025-00011754-00012252": "In a minute he will look at his watch five times because he cannot wait,", "a8mtMEajPK0-00026-00012252-00012520": "because he thinks too much of himself.", "a8mtMEajPK0-00027-00012520-00013194": "One who does not think much of himself can simply wait.", "a8mtMEajPK0-00028-00013194-00014102": "And if you understand the proportion of who you are in this existence,", "a8mtMEajPK0-00029-00014102-00014586": "you would know there was no other way than to wait.", "a8mtMEajPK0-00030-00014586-00015312": "Right now, when I said a proportion, you are a speck compared to the cosmos, isn’t it?", "a8mtMEajPK0-00031-00015312-00015722": "You better wait.", "a8mtMEajPK0-00032-00015722-00016252": "If you don’t know how to wait, (Laughs) you will know nothing,", "a8mtMEajPK0-00033-00016252-00016738": "because your proportion in relation to the existence is too small,", "a8mtMEajPK0-00034-00016738-00016972": "there’s nothing you can do.", "a8mtMEajPK0-00035-00016972-00017232": "Is there something you can do?", "a8mtMEajPK0-00036-00017232-00017491": "If you hop around what do you get?", "a8mtMEajPK0-00037-00017491-00017811": "You get nothing.", "a8mtMEajPK0-00038-00017811-00018456": "You can earn hypertension but nothing else you’ll get.", "a8mtMEajPK0-00039-00018577-00019331": "So I am not asking you to wait, there is simply nothing else to do (Few Laugh).", "a8mtMEajPK0-00040-00019331-00019654": "It’s not my idea that you should wait.", "a8mtMEajPK0-00041-00019654-00020012": "If you could go and get it, I would say, ‘Go get it.’", "a8mtMEajPK0-00042-00020012-00020162": "You can’t go and get it.", "a8mtMEajPK0-00043-00020162-00020417": "So you better wait.", "a8mtMEajPK0-00044-00020417-00021125": "If you are very rich and capable, you will go to the store and get what you want.", "a8mtMEajPK0-00045-00021125-00021339": "If you’re poor, what do you do?", "a8mtMEajPK0-00046-00021339-00021702": "You go and wait in front of the ration shop.", "a8mtMEajPK0-00047-00021702-00022290": "They’ll say they’ll open at ten o’clock, they always open only at 12:30 (Few Laugh),", "a8mtMEajPK0-00048-00022290-00022798": "but you wait with a bag in your hand because if you don’t wait,", "a8mtMEajPK0-00049-00022798-00023268": "there are hundred people standing behind you, you will end up in the last.", "a8mtMEajPK0-00050-00023268-00023419": "You will have to wait the whole day.", "a8mtMEajPK0-00051-00023419-00023576": "So you will wait.", "a8mtMEajPK0-00052-00023576-00023676": "Why?", "a8mtMEajPK0-00053-00023676-00023993": "Because you’re incapable of doing something else.", "a8mtMEajPK0-00054-00023993-00024316": "Right now look at your position in the existence.", "a8mtMEajPK0-00055-00024316-00024738": "Are you capable of anything else than to wait?", "a8mtMEajPK0-00056-00024738-00024992": "Are you? I’m asking.", "a8mtMEajPK0-00057-00025012-00025520": "With reference to the existence, are you capable of doing anything else except waiting?", "a8mtMEajPK0-00058-00025520-00025742": "That’s all you can do.", "a8mtMEajPK0-00059-00025742-00026431": "At least do it joyfully (Laughs); just to wait.", "a8mtMEajPK0-00060-00026432-00027039": "So waiting is not about time, waiting is a certain quality.", "a8mtMEajPK0-00061-00027039-00027352": "It’s a certain way of being and", "a8mtMEajPK0-00062-00027352-00027922": "that is only possible when you understand your proportion in the existence.", "a8mtMEajPK0-00063-00027972-00028445": "If you have funny ideas in your head, you cannot wait.", "a8mtMEajPK0-00064-00028445-00029093": "You have a exaggerated sense of who you are, you cannot wait.", "a8mtMEajPK0-00065-00029093-00029463": "If you think you are a king, you cannot wait.", "a8mtMEajPK0-00066-00029463-00030202": "When you see the reality of who you are in this existence, only then you can wait.", "a8mtMEajPK0-00067-00030202-00030787": "Waiting comes because you have perceived the reality the way it is.", "a8mtMEajPK0-00068-00030787-00031692": "You’re unable to wait because your mind is full of fancifulness.", "a8mtMEajPK0-00069-00031692-00032095": "Perception will naturally lead to waiting."}}, {"audio_id": "a8z8tvWbyQc", "text": {"a8z8tvWbyQc-00000-00000144-00000702": "Sadhguru: Most intimate of the physicality in the existence is your body.", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00001-00000702-00001096": "And this body is just a piece of earth.", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00002-00001096-00001460": "You’re just a small out-crop of this earth.", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00003-00001461-00001662": "Right now you’re an out-crop  who prances around,", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00004-00001662-00002308": "after sometime you will become a small mound.", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00005-00002308-00002898": "You may believe many fancy things about yourself, but that’s not the reality.", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00006-00002898-00003560": "Somehow this fundamental thing that we are just a small out-crop of the soil on which", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00007-00003560-00004120": "you are seating right now, is forgotten,  generally till we’re buried.", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00008-00004120-00004701": "You want to live sensibly you should have contact with the earth that you live on.", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00009-00004701-00005221": "Today because we have lost this contact, in certain ways it gets disorganized.", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00010-00005221-00006112": "This disorganization can lead to disease, and weakness, and ultimately destabilization of the system itself.", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00011-00006112-00011230": "(Sounds of Isha music)  – Hindi song MaatiKahe Kumhar se…", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00012-00011230-00011382": "Sadhguru: I must tell you this experience.", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00013-00011382-00011600": "We had a yogic hospital", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00014-00011600-00011685": "in our yoga center in India.", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00015-00011685-00011885": "We called it Yogic hospital.", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00016-00011885-00012362": "We did not want it to grow too much because we don’t want to turn in to hospital full time,", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00017-00012362-00012570": "we are a spiritual center.", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00018-00012570-00012830": "So we’re keeping it low key.", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00019-00012830-00013180": "Once when I came here I spoke and a few doctors - American doctors, who were interested,", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00020-00013180-00013390": "they traveled to India.", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00021-00013390-00013640": "They came and stayed there for three days, and", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00022-00013640-00014200": "after three days one of the volunteers came and told me “All the medical doctors are up in arms,", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00023-00014200-00014319": "they want to leave!”", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00024-00014319-00014488": "I said, “What happened?”", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00025-00014488-00015088": "“They said it’s best that you meet them, they are just off.”", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00026-00015088-00015341": "Then I said “okay,” and I went to meet them.", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00027-00015341-00015493": "Then I said “What’s the problem?”", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00028-00015493-00015670": "They said, “You said there is a hospital!", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00029-00015670-00015779": "Where is the hospital?", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00030-00015779-00016012": "There is no hospital here!”", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00031-00016012-00016306": "I said “Right now there about sixty and odd patients.”", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00032-00016306-00016468": "“So where is it?”", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00033-00016468-00017068": "Their idea of a hospital is, that there must be beds,  you must treat sick well,", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00034-00017068-00017246": "and everybody should be...", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00035-00017246-00017352": "If you treat them so well,", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00036-00017352-00017808": "they will not want to become healthy.", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00037-00017808-00017994": "“Where are the patients?”", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00038-00017994-00018472": "I said “They’re all in the garden,  I put them to work.”", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00039-00018473-00018816": "We give them the treatment, and therapies, and medication, but rest of the time,", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00040-00018816-00018959": "I put them to work.", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00041-00018959-00019164": "Whatever they can do, they must do.", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00042-00019165-00019802": "Above all, they must sit and work bare foot and bare hands in with the soil.", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00043-00019802-00020163": "Just being in touch with the planet... because you’re just a drop of this planet.", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00044-00020163-00020318": "You’re forgetting that!", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00045-00020318-00020843": "What you call is my body is just a piece of the planet, isn’t it?", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00046-00020843-00021402": "If you lose connection with the source,  will you not get disorganized?", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00047-00021402-00022098": "Fitness and wellbeing does not mean walking on a treadmill, having bulging muscles like that,", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00048-00022098-00022194": "no.", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00049-00022194-00022778": "To strengthen the integrity of the elements in our system is very important.", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00050-00022778-00022916": "Is there some way to do it?", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00051-00022916-00023383": "Yes, there are specific methods  with which we can do.", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00052-00023383-00023548": "One simple way right now is,", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00053-00023548-00024120": "work with the earth, and water, and plants,  and stay outdoors.", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00054-00024120-00025201": "That itself will do something.", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00055-00025201-00025524": "So fundamentally if there is a certain", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00056-00025524-00025832": "certain assurance of nourishment happening", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00057-00025832-00026022": "to the body in terms of food,", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00058-00026022-00026668": "and there is a clean air to breath and  being in touch with the earth can complete", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00059-00026668-00026927": "the health process, all together.", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00060-00026927-00027614": "So if you can’t be in tune with that, if you’re are a very affluent and fashionable,", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00061-00027614-00028412": "you can have a mud bath,  that’s another way (Laughs).", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00062-00028412-00028650": "So today you take vacations, go to the spas,", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00063-00028650-00028983": "have mud bath in a very expensive atmosphere.", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00064-00028983-00029487": "But every day if you stick your hands into the earth, at least for a few minutes a day,", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00065-00029487-00029749": "you would see the body would be in  a much better condition.", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00066-00029749-00030523": "Because whenever it’s in contact with the earth the body reorganizes itself.", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00067-00030523-00030793": "The more you are in touch with it,  it’s better.", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00068-00030793-00031249": "You can’t, all of you can’t turn into farmers now.", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00069-00031249-00031718": "And maybe you’re living on the twelfth floor and you can’t be a gardener either.", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00070-00031718-00032575": "So at least being in touch with the earth, palms and soles are very sensitive to this.", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00071-00032575-00033322": "If your hands and your bare feet in contact with the earth, it’ll make a difference.", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00072-00033322-00033592": "Or at least you do your...", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00073-00033592-00034298": "I don’t recommend this but, if you are doing your afternoon siesta, do it under a tree.", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00074-00034298-00034732": "With your spin in contact with the earth, things will happen very well.", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00075-00034732-00034828": "Or", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00076-00034828-00035568": "to be in a natural pool of water which is in the earth, like a lake or a river or", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00077-00035569-00035909": "a ocean, will do tremendous things  to the system.", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00078-00035909-00036214": "You know the grounding", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00079-00036214-00036522": "you know, the electricity groundings we do.", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00080-00036522-00036644": "Is it called grounding here?", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00081-00036644-00036854": "What you call it?", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00082-00036854-00036954": "Earthing!", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00083-00036954-00037234": "It’s called earthing or grounding.", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00084-00037234-00037424": "It’s called earthing actually.", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00085-00037424-00038038": "So, when you earth the electrical connections, one thing is to keep it wet", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00086-00038038-00038580": "because if it is wet,  its get conducted better.", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00087-00038580-00039116": "So this is why in all the Indian temples, why do you think people are making", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00088-00039116-00039272": "their bodies wet,", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00089-00039272-00039748": "and lying down on the floor in prostration, is just this.", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00090-00039748-00040407": "Not just earthing, that special earth where, which is energized earth around.", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00091-00040407-00040872": "So, you want the entire body  to be in touch with the thing.", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00092-00040872-00041076": "So men go bare-bodied,", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00093-00041076-00041438": "at least their upper body is bare.", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00094-00041438-00041580": "Women go with wet clothes", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00095-00041580-00042019": "so that, that contact is there.", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00096-00042019-00042683": "This contact with nature, weather its earth or air or water is most important.", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00097-00042683-00043441": "If that is not there, the body will slowly lose its integrity, it’ll lose its stability,", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00098-00043441-00043791": "it’ll lose many abilities  that it is capable of.", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00099-00043791-00044468": "It may still survive, it may not die tomorrow morning,  but it loses its variety of capabilities", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00100-00044468-00044582": "that it has come with.", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00101-00044582-00045114": "The many possibilities, the area of possibilities that human system carries, is lost", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00102-00045114-00045846": "as you lose contact with the natural element.", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00103-00045846-00046572": "Especially before you go for dinner or for lunch especially before that,", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00104-00046572-00047036": "at least for half an hour,  walk without footwear.", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00105-00047036-00047564": "Not on this granite, either in the grass or in the mud outside,", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00106-00047564-00047977": "you will see body being in touch with the earth,", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00107-00047978-00048488": "when you eat the food that you eat,  the way it integrates it is very different.", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00108-00048488-00048684": "Digestion will any way happen,", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00109-00048684-00049372": "but how much you can integrate into the system, depends on how much you’re in tune", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00110-00049372-00049514": "with the earth.", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00111-00049514-00049690": "So, even half an hour", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00112-00049690-00050144": "if you walk without shoes or footwear,", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00113-00050144-00050682": "and the body remains in touch with the earth,", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00114-00050682-00051120": "you will see the elements will function with little more integrity than", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00115-00051120-00051394": "the way it is right now.", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00116-00051394-00051828": "Narrator: Walking and playing barefoot is really coming into vogue.", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00117-00051828-00053550": "The yogic systems have always recommended this, and now science is getting there too.", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00118-00053550-00053654": "Especially for children,", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00119-00053654-00054338": "not only does this give them better balance,  it also helps develop their cerebral capabilities.", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00120-00054338-00054812": "The nerves of the feet are sensitive, and as they come in contact with the ground,", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00121-00054812-00055417": "the child develops a better understanding of their environment and also experiences", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00122-00055417-00055779": "better awareness of the body.", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00123-00055779-00056240": "Walking barefoot has been linked to better agility, stronger leg muscles,", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00124-00056240-00056736": "and low risk of injury.", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00125-00056736-00057135": "Sadhguru: Being in touch with the earth has many other aspects to it.", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00126-00057135-00057600": "In the ashram, I always told people, “No matter what work you are doing,", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00127-00057600-00058000": "at least for one hour a day,", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00128-00058000-00058267": "you must stick your fingers into the Earth.", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00129-00058267-00058708": "You do something with the garden somewhere, your hands should get muddy.", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00130-00058708-00059338": "This will build a natural physical memory in you,  a bodily memory in you, that you are mortal.", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00131-00059338-00059716": "Every day if you are sticking your hands into the Earth, you will constantly.", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00132-00059716-00060104": "your body will know that  it’s not permanent.", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00133-00060104-00060441": "Because a body has a memory of its own.", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00134-00060441-00061032": "It’s body’s memory far more significant than the mental memory.", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00135-00061032-00061155": "Right now,", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00136-00061155-00061588": "the memory that your body carries, is ruling you far more", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00137-00061588-00061951": "than the memories of your mind.", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00138-00061951-00062191": "Physiologically on the cellular level,", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00139-00062191-00062332": "on the elemental level,", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00140-00062332-00062696": "you are constantly being reminded that you are mortal,", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00141-00062696-00062924": "if you are close to the earth.", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00142-00062924-00063612": "See the reminder of your mortality is the most key element in your spiritual process.", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00143-00063612-00064020": "Why would you long to know  something beyond the body?", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00144-00064020-00064366": "Only because you know it will  end one day, isn’t it?", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00145-00064366-00064546": "Suppose this body was immortal,", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00146-00064546-00064873": "who the hell is going to  sit and meditate?", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00147-00064873-00065150": "Who the hell wants to know  anything beyond this?", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00148-00065150-00065422": "If this was immortal by itself, isn’t it?", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00149-00065422-00065502": "Because", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00150-00065502-00066114": "somewhere even if you are not consciously aware, somewhere deep down, you know", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00151-00066114-00066430": "your expiry date is on.", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00152-00066430-00067069": "The expiry date is on, you are trying to stretch it a bit, but you know you have an expiry date.", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00153-00067069-00067401": "It is because of that, the longing to know.", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00154-00067401-00067526": "So the fundamentals of", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00155-00067526-00067906": "spiritual process is your mortality.", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00156-00067914-00068092": "If you’re reminded of your mortality,", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00157-00068092-00068484": "naturally you will want to know.", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00158-00068484-00069140": "There are various practices in India as to how to connect to the earth experientially.", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00159-00069141-00069278": "Many, many practices,", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00160-00069278-00069694": "just sitting down crossed leg on the floor, the body", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00161-00069694-00069974": "in some way experientially is reminded", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00162-00069974-00070344": "there is a reminder for the body  that is, this is just this.", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00163-00070344-00070698": "The moment is in touch with Earth  it knows, it is this.", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00164-00070698-00071401": "Those of you have very unstable bodies, that is you tend to fall sick very easily, and", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00165-00071401-00071667": "you know constantly those kind of things.", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00166-00071667-00072462": "If you just get off your cot and sleep on the floor,  you will see it will make a big difference.", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00167-00072462-00072608": "Just that much!", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00168-00072608-00072974": "Just may be eighteen inches away you are.", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00169-00072974-00073473": "Just get eighteen inches closer, you will see it’ll make big difference in terms of", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00170-00073473-00073694": "reorganizing the system.", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00171-00073694-00073860": "I would say", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00172-00073860-00074398": "eighty percent of your health depends on this,  how much you are in tune with the earth.", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00173-00074398-00074702": "Eighty percent!", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00174-00074702-00075240": "Eighty percent of your chronic ailments can just vanish, simply because you kind of found", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00175-00075240-00076570": "the little rapport with the Earth on which you’re walking or seating right now.", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00176-00076571-00077010": "One simple practice that all of you can start, is the bhuta shuddhi if you have the time,", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00177-00077010-00077251": "and the necessary focus to do it.", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00178-00077251-00077912": "Bhuta shuddhi means you know, bhuta means pancha-bhutas or the five elements.", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00179-00077912-00078207": "Shuddhi means to cleanse that.", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00180-00078207-00078830": "Whether it is the physical body, or  the larger body of the creation itself,", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00181-00078830-00079986": "essentially is made of five elements of  earth, water, fire, air and space.", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00182-00079986-00080608": "What you call as myself is just  a mischief of these five elements.", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00183-00080608-00080866": "If you know how to organize", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00184-00080866-00081056": "these five elements properly,", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00185-00081056-00081414": "if you know  how to keep these five elements", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00186-00081414-00081594": "within yourself,", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00187-00081594-00082082": "then there is nothing more  to life  in terms of health, well being,", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00188-00082082-00082624": "perception, knowing, everything, enlightenment.", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00189-00082624-00083226": "Everything is handled, if only you know how to keep these five elements properly.", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00190-00083228-00084098": "This elemental play happens in a different way when it’s in touch with the earth.", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00191-00084098-00084466": "Every time I hear this, particularly  when I am in United States,", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00192-00084466-00085168": "I still can’t come to terms with it,  people calling Earth as dirt.", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00193-00085168-00085314": "Maybe it’s just another word,", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00194-00085314-00085588": "but in our mind dirt means", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00195-00085588-00085814": "what... what is dirt for", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00196-00085814-00085914": "you?", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00197-00085914-00086014": "Hmm?", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00198-00086014-00086192": "Trash isn’t it?", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00199-00086192-00086430": "Dirt is trash.", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00200-00086430-00086548": "Yes or no?", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00201-00086548-00087288": "Even in America  dirt is trash, no? What is it?", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00202-00087288-00087438": "Something that you don’t want!", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00203-00087438-00087538": "Yes!", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00204-00087538-00087620": "It’s trash,", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00205-00087620-00087728": "that’s what is trash,", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00206-00087728-00087972": "something that you don’t want.", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00207-00087972-00088679": "But soil here we call it  “Thai Mann,” mother Earth.", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00208-00088679-00089230": "Why is it we are not reverential to all those things which make our life,", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00209-00089230-00089606": "sustain our life moment to moment?", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00210-00089607-00089948": "You just treat them differently.", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00211-00089948-00090220": "Suddenly they behave differently  within you.", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00212-00090220-00090702": "If you did not drink water for three days, even if God comes, you’ll only ask for water.", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00213-00090708-00091096": "If we hold your nose for three minutes,", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00214-00091096-00091378": "you don’t want God, you want a breath,", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00215-00091378-00091788": "fresh air, isn’t it?", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00216-00091788-00092196": "One simple thing that everybody can do is, the air that they breathe,", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00217-00092196-00092648": "the water that they drink, the food that they eat, and the earth that they walk upon, and the space", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00218-00092648-00092878": "which holds us.", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00219-00092878-00093136": "Five times a day let’s say,", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00220-00093136-00093488": "if you are too preoccupied atleast three times a day,", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00221-00093488-00094564": "consciously just bring a certain sense of a reverence.", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00222-00094564-00094764": "This is a very common thing,", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00223-00094764-00095182": "you’re being told Matru prema,  Pitru prema, this one, that one,", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00224-00095182-00095694": "Prithvi prema that is love for the planet on which you’re walking,", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00225-00095694-00095874": "because that’s not different from you.", "a8z8tvWbyQc-00226-00095874-00096290": "(Instrumental Music)"}}, {"audio_id": "a8LuV75QFsg", "text": {"a8LuV75QFsg-00000-00000078-00000306": "Among all the features of Tibetan identity", "a8LuV75QFsg-00001-00000306-00000440": "language is", "a8LuV75QFsg-00002-00000504-00000717": "what most effectively unites Tibetans", "a8LuV75QFsg-00003-00000733-00000832": "across the plateau.", "a8LuV75QFsg-00004-00000900-00001100": "The Tibetan language forms the bedrock", "a8LuV75QFsg-00005-00001100-00001381": "of one of the great civilizations of Asia.", "a8LuV75QFsg-00006-00001381-00001700": "with a written history dating back over a millenium", "a8LuV75QFsg-00007-00001700-00002217": "an an oral literature that goes back even further.", "a8LuV75QFsg-00008-00002217-00002785": "It is also home to the largest body of canonical Buddhist literature in the world.", "a8LuV75QFsg-00009-00002785-00003069": "Of all of the markers of a distinct identity", "a8LuV75QFsg-00010-00003069-00003374": "language is the central pride of the Tibetan people.", "a8LuV75QFsg-00011-00003374-00003609": "For Xi Jinping’s China,", "a8LuV75QFsg-00012-00003609-00004087": "this is precisely why the Tibetan language must be eradicated.", "a8LuV75QFsg-00013-00004103-00004321": "And what better tool for the task", "a8LuV75QFsg-00014-00004321-00004600": "than the residential school system?", "a8LuV75QFsg-00015-00004600-00004800": "In all schools across the plateau,", "a8LuV75QFsg-00016-00004800-00005264": "Tibetan has been replaced by Mandarin Chinese as the medium of instruction.", "a8LuV75QFsg-00017-00005264-00005749": "Beijing has deceptively labeled this new policy “bilingual education,”", "a8LuV75QFsg-00018-00005828-00006084": "but there is nothing bilingual about the system.", "a8LuV75QFsg-00019-00006104-00006458": "Tibetan has been demoted to second or third language status", "a8LuV75QFsg-00020-00006458-00006647": "in its own native homeland.", "a8LuV75QFsg-00021-00006675-00007008": "This is literally a highway to mother tongue erosion.", "a8LuV75QFsg-00022-00007008-00007058": "To make it worse,", "a8LuV75QFsg-00023-00007058-00007493": "China has shuttered scores of local and private schools,", "a8LuV75QFsg-00024-00007493-00007787": "preemptively destroying all village-level alternatives", "a8LuV75QFsg-00025-00007787-00008039": "to the consolidated boarding schools.", "a8LuV75QFsg-00026-00008042-00008255": "Ironically, two months ago,", "a8LuV75QFsg-00027-00008274-00008758": "when UN experts in Geneva grilled the Chinese delegation,", "a8LuV75QFsg-00028-00008758-00009051": "Chinese officials defended the mandatory boarding policy", "a8LuV75QFsg-00029-00009051-00009477": "by claiming that there were no schooling alternatives in rural Tibet.", "a8LuV75QFsg-00030-00009477-00009621": "Guess what,", "a8LuV75QFsg-00031-00009621-00009807": "they themselves had destroyed", "a8LuV75QFsg-00032-00009807-00010062": "all those local alternatives that existed.", "a8LuV75QFsg-00033-00010062-00010433": "At the same event,", "a8LuV75QFsg-00034-00010433-00010780": "when asked about the use of Mandarin as the medium of instruction in Tibet,", "a8LuV75QFsg-00035-00010780-00011065": "Chinese officials said that the Tibetan language", "a8LuV75QFsg-00036-00011065-00011376": "doesn’t have the right words for teaching math and science.", "a8LuV75QFsg-00037-00011431-00011876": "This is a blatantly racist and fictitious argument.", "a8LuV75QFsg-00038-00011876-00012216": "All languages, when they meet new subjects for the first time,", "a8LuV75QFsg-00039-00012219-00012500": "face challenges that can be overcome.", "a8LuV75QFsg-00040-00012500-00012585": "The Chinese language itself", "a8LuV75QFsg-00041-00012729-00013027": "faced the same problems in the recent past", "a8LuV75QFsg-00042-00013031-00013159": "and they managed pretty well", "a8LuV75QFsg-00043-00013159-00013562": "borrowing thousands of terminology from Japanese and Russian.", "a8LuV75QFsg-00044-00013584-00013933": "Tibetan has by and large solved some of this problem too."}}, {"audio_id": "a8MwIksdOlU", "text": {"a8MwIksdOlU-00000-00000000-00000200": "Moonlight Lady Stay Here With me by Miftachul Wachyudi Yudee tahun 2018 | indonesiabesardanmaju", "a8MwIksdOlU-00001-00000200-00000400": "Moonlight Lady Stay Here With me by Miftachul Wachyudi Yudee tahun 2018 | indonesiabesardanmaju", "a8MwIksdOlU-00002-00000400-00000600": "Moonlight Lady Stay Here With me by Miftachul Wachyudi Yudee tahun 2018 | indonesiabesardanmaju"}}, {"audio_id": "a8O6LnxxVXy", "text": {"a8O6LnxxVXy-00000-00000016-00000040": "Disclaimer! We will not be responsible if there are elements of adult scenes. thanks"}}, {"audio_id": "a8S3eT6ANP4", "text": {"a8S3eT6ANP4-00000-00001744-00002496": "Welcome to finding OER textbooks, a RMIT Library Shorts presentation. What are OERs? Open", "a8S3eT6ANP4-00001-00002496-00003048": "educational resources are any type of educational materials that are in the public domain. They can", "a8S3eT6ANP4-00002-00003048-00003720": "include textbooks, lecture notes, syllabi, assignments and tests How can they be used?", "a8S3eT6ANP4-00003-00003720-00004352": "They are published under open licenses so Creative Commons that specify how materials can be used,", "a8S3eT6ANP4-00004-00004352-00005056": "reused, adapted, shared and modified according to specific needs. Now how to find open educational", "a8S3eT6ANP4-00005-00005056-00005792": "resources? One option is to refer to the open educational resources library guide. This guide is", "a8S3eT6ANP4-00006-00005792-00006352": "designed to help you find open textbooks for your course. There are lots of open textbook search", "a8S3eT6ANP4-00007-00006352-00006920": "engines, some have broad subject coverage and others are subject specific. We are going to show", "a8S3eT6ANP4-00008-00006920-00007559": "you two of the large general search engines The Mason OER metafinder and Open Research Library.", "a8S3eT6ANP4-00009-00007559-00008088": "We will show you how to find a textbook in your subject area, we show you how to access the book,", "a8S3eT6ANP4-00010-00008088-00008584": "view the creative commons license and will explain how you can use the book in your teaching.", "a8S3eT6ANP4-00011-00008800-00009184": "In this example we're going to take a look at The Mason Metafinder", "a8S3eT6ANP4-00012-00009312-00009736": "we're going to search for 'sustainable aviation' in inverted commas so that", "a8S3eT6ANP4-00013-00009736-00010256": "it's searched as a phrase and set the date range from 2015 to 2021.", "a8S3eT6ANP4-00014-00010536-00011384": "Once our search results have loaded, we're going to further refine to document type 'book'.", "a8S3eT6ANP4-00015-00011464-00011720": "As you can see here we have a relevant text,", "a8S3eT6ANP4-00016-00011720-00012136": "'clean era' a collection of research projects for sustainable aviation.", "a8S3eT6ANP4-00017-00012440-00012936": "We're now going to open up this resource. Please note that this book has a Creative", "a8S3eT6ANP4-00018-00012936-00013496": "Commons license, which shows you how you can use it. Have a look at the license to see what you are", "a8S3eT6ANP4-00019-00013496-00014232": "required to do. Make sure you attribute the author and note that it is for non-commercial purposes.", "a8S3eT6ANP4-00020-00014232-00014680": "We'll now take a look at another OER search engine open research library", "a8S3eT6ANP4-00021-00014856-00015640": "we'll have a look at architecture resources we can refine by publication year: 'recent',", "a8S3eT6ANP4-00022-00015896-00016096": "and language type: 'English'", "a8S3eT6ANP4-00023-00016480-00017080": "You can see our first result here is concrete expressions. We'll now take", "a8S3eT6ANP4-00024-00017080-00017576": "a look at the license type and we can see it's 'CC By' which is the same as the last example", "a8S3eT6ANP4-00025-00017744-00018448": "to download this book, simply click on 'read this' another option is RMIT's LibrarySearch.", "a8S3eT6ANP4-00026-00018736-00019344": "Library search is the RMIT Library resources discovery tool many OER metafinders have been", "a8S3eT6ANP4-00027-00019344-00020032": "indexed within it. We are going to conduct a search on sustainable aviation. We're then", "a8S3eT6ANP4-00028-00020032-00020656": "going to refine to open access for OER content and further refine by resource type: 'books'.", "a8S3eT6ANP4-00029-00020856-00021424": "We can see here the same title we accessed previously, 'clean era'. We're going to click", "a8S3eT6ANP4-00030-00021424-00022000": "on 'available online', and then go through to DOAB Directory of Open Access Books.", "a8S3eT6ANP4-00031-00022216-00022624": "We can see that we can access this book the same way as we did previously", "a8S3eT6ANP4-00032-00022624-00023024": "and that the Creative Commons license is once again 'CC By'.", "a8S3eT6ANP4-00033-00023232-00023648": "If you require further assistance with finding OERs you can contact", "a8S3eT6ANP4-00034-00023648-00024456": "the library's Online Learning and Teaching support team at library.olt@rmit.edu.au.", "a8S3eT6ANP4-00035-00024456-00024992": "You can also refer back to the Open Educational Resources library guide, the Open Textbook", "a8S3eT6ANP4-00036-00024992-00025520": "Initiative, the teaching spotlight webinar on Open Educational Resources for teaching", "a8S3eT6ANP4-00037-00025576-00026783": "you can find all the links for these resources in the description below."}}, {"audio_id": "a8ZxznQjAtk", "text": {"a8ZxznQjAtk-00000-00000728-00001456": "hi guys so in today's video i'm going to be doing the girly aesthetic princess type of look", "a8ZxznQjAtk-00001-00001456-00002039": "i'm going for the tomboy look and i'll be having crop tops pink things red things because as you", "a8ZxznQjAtk-00002-00002039-00002712": "know as a girly girl pink is our favorite color necklaces those all those fancy things so that", "a8ZxznQjAtk-00003-00002712-00003279": "is what i'll be doing for our look for my look and we have a top top tomboy we have", "a8ZxznQjAtk-00004-00003279-00003904": "the baggy clothes tomboy we have an official but i'm not going to do the official thing so", "a8ZxznQjAtk-00005-00004015-00004520": "i have mommy jeans that i'm going to dress up with buggy t-shirts for the look of a tomboy", "a8ZxznQjAtk-00006-00004616-00005784": "yeah actually that so kindly stay tuned to see who did them", "a8ZxznQjAtk-00007-00006048-00006512": "i'm going to be putting on this off shoulder crop top and then this throws", "a8ZxznQjAtk-00008-00006512-00007064": "up this lace made of trousers they're from where they're from china of course and then", "a8ZxznQjAtk-00009-00007064-00007472": "finishing off the look i'll be putting on these necklaces uh i don't know where", "a8ZxznQjAtk-00010-00007472-00007864": "my mother got there from i stole them so yeah you'll be seeing the final street look", "a8ZxznQjAtk-00011-00007864-00008456": "from this so i'm going off with a sweetwear which i'm going to use this black mummy", "a8ZxznQjAtk-00012-00008456-00009984": "jeans pairing it with this hood a green hoodie and a bomber jacket so wait and see", "a8ZxznQjAtk-00013-00012432-00012919": "we are here with a black jeans who doesn't own a black pair of jeans so this black jeans i'm", "a8ZxznQjAtk-00014-00012919-00013480": "going to pair it off with this baggy black and white t-shirt to create uh kind of just like a", "a8ZxznQjAtk-00015-00013480-00013960": "[ __ ] where look but it's buggy and all so i'm going just to place it up so you can see what i'm", "a8ZxznQjAtk-00016-00013960-00014488": "actually explaining so yeah i'm going to go with this red as i had told you my theme color is red", "a8ZxznQjAtk-00017-00014488-00015040": "so i'll be putting on this skirt and this crop sweater thing and then now to finish", "a8ZxznQjAtk-00018-00015040-00015584": "off my look i'll be putting it with this red necklace so stay tuned to see the final look", "a8ZxznQjAtk-00019-00019336-00019960": "wearing dresses no actually i'm the tomboy who is this dad so sorry i have", "a8ZxznQjAtk-00020-00020088-00020776": "these jeans my mediums that blue and i'm going to start off with this baggy t-shirt there is", "a8ZxznQjAtk-00021-00020776-00021448": "much conversion just wait okay so for another girly moment i'll be putting on this i don't", "a8ZxznQjAtk-00022-00021448-00021960": "know if it's a skitter dress or something but if i dress a very girly dress as you can see it has the", "a8ZxznQjAtk-00023-00021960-00022464": "flairy things then i'll be putting on with some brown heels and you of course you don't want to", "a8ZxznQjAtk-00024-00022464-00023984": "miss this because you can put this when going for dinner date or somewhere just fancy fancy please", "a8ZxznQjAtk-00025-00025888-00026783": "so", "a8ZxznQjAtk-00026-00028072-00028183": "foreign", "a8ZxznQjAtk-00027-00028695-00029424": "the obsession of black things is a black crop top pairing it's on with these", "a8ZxznQjAtk-00028-00029488-00029839": "jeans the long days jeans called don't touch my shoe", "a8ZxznQjAtk-00029-00030048-00030895": "with just these jeans and this shirt shut like on top to make it look cool and classy and", "a8ZxznQjAtk-00030-00030895-00031720": "something like that so that's it okay so for my other extra outfits i have this nightgown", "a8ZxznQjAtk-00031-00031720-00032344": "of course it's pink because i'm a girly girl i love ariana grande and i really loves pink", "a8ZxznQjAtk-00032-00032344-00032840": "so i love pink of course i'm going to be putting on this night dress and to add on", "a8ZxznQjAtk-00033-00032840-00033784": "top with this robe of course because we don't want to be working naked so yeah that's it", "a8ZxznQjAtk-00034-00037824-00038280": "okay so for my sporty look i'm going to go with the girly of course tennis card", "a8ZxznQjAtk-00035-00038280-00038792": "as you can see it's so pretty and then this pink official wear i'll be putting it inside", "a8ZxznQjAtk-00036-00038792-00039296": "then on top of it i'll be putting on this sweater if that's what i want something okay", "a8ZxznQjAtk-00037-00039296-00039952": "yes sweater vests something like that secondly the final look talking about joggers now these", "a8ZxznQjAtk-00038-00039952-00040488": "are the joggers i'm going to wear this for like a spotty wear but with a t-shirt either i can", "a8ZxznQjAtk-00039-00040488-00041048": "like crop it or tie it at the back to make a crocodile with it or just leave it hanging", "a8ZxznQjAtk-00040-00041104-00042184": "and it's like italian die thing and some green stuff here we're gonna say bye", "a8ZxznQjAtk-00041-00043336-00043584": "so", "a8ZxznQjAtk-00042-00050632-00050640": "you"}}, {"audio_id": "a9dBV9E4fIM", "text": {"a9dBV9E4fIM-00000-00000120-00000304": "Step Five: Polarization", "a9dBV9E4fIM-00001-00000392-00000919": "Now that we are done with boundary conditions, we saw that considering different components of the", "a9dBV9E4fIM-00002-00000919-00001400": "electric field, the magnetic field, really matters because they change when we travel from dielectric", "a9dBV9E4fIM-00003-00001400-00001944": "one into dielectric two. In the next lesson, we are going to apply these boundary conditions,", "a9dBV9E4fIM-00004-00001944-00002632": "and we will see that polarization plays an important role. So let's recap a few", "a9dBV9E4fIM-00005-00002632-00003184": "important things about polarization, and in what ways electromagnetic waves can be polarized.", "a9dBV9E4fIM-00006-00003320-00003647": "So, so far, we have encountered linearly polarized light.", "a9dBV9E4fIM-00007-00003760-00004224": "We always were considering simple examples where our electromagnetic wave was traveling", "a9dBV9E4fIM-00008-00004224-00004688": "in the z direction and the electric field was oscillating only in the x direction,", "a9dBV9E4fIM-00009-00004872-00005408": "and we wrote it down as follows, with this simple form (eq. on slide), we said that our", "a9dBV9E4fIM-00010-00005408-00006072": "electric field had some magnitude E naught, it was oscillating in the x direction, and here is the", "a9dBV9E4fIM-00011-00006072-00006888": "sine component of the wave and the time variation. So, if we look at the wave as it is coming at us,", "a9dBV9E4fIM-00012-00006959-00007456": "we see the following picture (right side image), we see that it's only oscillating in this", "a9dBV9E4fIM-00013-00007456-00008112": "x direction (follow pointer), and in the previous step we have said that this is not the most", "a9dBV9E4fIM-00014-00008296-00008984": "general case, in fact it can oscillate in a line in any direction along the- in the x-y plane.", "a9dBV9E4fIM-00015-00009136-00009576": "In particular, it can do the following (image on slide).", "a9dBV9E4fIM-00016-00009576-00009984": "Now we have to write down the electric field in the following way.", "a9dBV9E4fIM-00017-00010152-00010792": "Since we have two directions e-x and e-y, we have to add another label to our magnitude E naught,", "a9dBV9E4fIM-00018-00010792-00011440": "there is a magnitude in the x direction: E naught x, and a magnitude in the y direction: E naught y.", "a9dBV9E4fIM-00019-00011504-00012200": "Don't forget that in this picture, x is the vertical direction", "a9dBV9E4fIM-00020-00012200-00012824": "and y is the horizontal direction because z is coming at us directly from the screen.", "a9dBV9E4fIM-00021-00012919-00013680": "And we see that from the mathematical expression here, but also from our animation here, that when", "a9dBV9E4fIM-00022-00013680-00014344": "the x direction of the field reaches its maximum, y direction also reaches its maximum, when the x", "a9dBV9E4fIM-00023-00014344-00014888": "direction is zero, the y direction is also zero, the component along the y direction is zero,", "a9dBV9E4fIM-00024-00014976-00015584": "that means that in here, the components along the x and y directions are in phase.", "a9dBV9E4fIM-00025-00015824-00016528": "And, this is a defining property of linearly polarized light. When the light is linearly", "a9dBV9E4fIM-00026-00016528-00017288": "polarized, it oscillates in such a way that the x and y components are in phase. Of course,", "a9dBV9E4fIM-00027-00017288-00017720": "for a general wave traveling in an arbitrary direction, it's not just the x and y", "a9dBV9E4fIM-00028-00017720-00018120": "components, but it's the components that are perpendicular to the direction of the travel.", "a9dBV9E4fIM-00029-00018240-00018840": "But here, a natural question arises: do we need for these components to oscillate in phase?", "a9dBV9E4fIM-00030-00018928-00019640": "What if they don't do that? Of course, we can have such a polarization as well where we introduce", "a9dBV9E4fIM-00031-00019640-00020296": "some phase difference between these oscillations. So let's see what happens. Such a light is called", "a9dBV9E4fIM-00032-00020296-00020976": "elliptically polarized light. Why that is, is going to become apparent very very shortly. First", "a9dBV9E4fIM-00033-00020976-00021472": "we will start with a mathematical description of the wave. It's exactly the same thing as for", "a9dBV9E4fIM-00034-00021472-00022168": "a linearly polarized light, except now one of the components is shifted by some phase delta.", "a9dBV9E4fIM-00035-00022296-00022672": "So mathematically, we can write it down very simply, but actually what", "a9dBV9E4fIM-00036-00022672-00023080": "happens when we do the animation, we see that the following thing happens.", "a9dBV9E4fIM-00037-00023344-00024328": "Now, the electric field is tracing out an ellipse in the x-y plane,", "a9dBV9E4fIM-00038-00024432-00024768": "this is a particular example for delta equals pi over four.", "a9dBV9E4fIM-00039-00024928-00025424": "Notice closely what the components along the x directions and the y directions are doing,", "a9dBV9E4fIM-00040-00025512-00026192": "when the x direction saw that the vertical axis reaches its maximum, the y direction or", "a9dBV9E4fIM-00041-00026192-00026744": "the horizontal axis is still moving, they're \"out of phase with each other\", and this is", "a9dBV9E4fIM-00042-00026744-00027295": "what gives rise to this elliptical shape, and hence the name \"elliptically polarized light\".", "a9dBV9E4fIM-00043-00027464-00027944": "Let's consider a particular example of an elliptically polarized light. Let's", "a9dBV9E4fIM-00044-00027944-00028527": "say that the shape that we are trying to trace out in the x-y plane is a circle, such a light", "a9dBV9E4fIM-00045-00028527-00029183": "is called circularly polarized light. Can you think how to achieve circularly polarized light?", "a9dBV9E4fIM-00046-00029304-00029760": "All you have to do is take our expression for the electric field over here (on slide), and", "a9dBV9E4fIM-00047-00029760-00030624": "set E naught x equal to E naught y. So the two amplitudes in the x and y components are identical", "a9dBV9E4fIM-00048-00030727-00031360": "and the phase difference delta has to be pi over two. You can substitute it in", "a9dBV9E4fIM-00049-00031424-00032120": "our expression for the electric field and do the mathematics, or you can simply look at", "a9dBV9E4fIM-00050-00032120-00032608": "the following animation. This is how circularly polarized light behave.", "a9dBV9E4fIM-00051-00032760-00033488": "You see that now the point uh is tracing out a nice circle in the x-y plane, if you look at the", "a9dBV9E4fIM-00052-00033488-00034152": "components in the x and y directions of E naught, you see that when one component reaches maximum,", "a9dBV9E4fIM-00053-00034152-00034720": "the other one is zero, when the other component reaches maximum, the first component is zero,", "a9dBV9E4fIM-00054-00034720-00035384": "and so on, and this is why we don't get an ellipse but a nice circle. So this is the view of the wave", "a9dBV9E4fIM-00055-00035384-00035872": "if we are looking directly along the z-axis at the wave as it is traveling towards us.", "a9dBV9E4fIM-00056-00035968-00036456": "Let's revert back to our view that we are using before and see what a circularly polarized light", "a9dBV9E4fIM-00057-00036456-00037240": "looks like, and here it is: now you see that it's really a spiral traveling around", "a9dBV9E4fIM-00058-00037240-00038032": "the z-axis as it propagates through along the z-axis. You may think that why are we bothering", "a9dBV9E4fIM-00059-00038032-00038424": "with all these types of polarizations, isn't linearly polarized light enough?", "a9dBV9E4fIM-00060-00038488-00038968": "We will see that elliptically and circularly polarized light are actually very useful", "a9dBV9E4fIM-00061-00038968-00039416": "in quantum technologies, and in quantum communication in particular", "a9dBV9E4fIM-00062-00039416-00040784": "in the following module, so please don't forget what we have learned in this lesson.", "a9dBV9E4fIM-00063-00065696-00065704": "you"}}, {"audio_id": "a9TJdTjjxok", "text": {"a9TJdTjjxok-00000-00000203-00000600": "Buy 1 Get 9 Free All Beats", "a9TJdTjjxok-00001-00000700-00001000": "Link in description", "a9TJdTjjxok-00002-00001000-00001300": "Enjoy the beat!"}}, {"audio_id": "aq4zTtDe-u8", "text": {"aq4zTtDe-u8-00000-00000772-00001172": "Hawaii Army National Guard Captain  and congresswoman Tulsi Gabbard", "aq4zTtDe-u8-00001-00001173-00001691": "joined a joint task force response  for the Puna lava flow, Pahoa, Hawaii", "aq4zTtDe-u8-00002-00001691-00002032": "Capt. Gabbard joined the guard in 2003", "aq4zTtDe-u8-00003-00002032-00002404": "and believe serving help provide her a unique perspective.", "aq4zTtDe-u8-00004-00002404-00002762": "Being able to come in and work here on the ground with", "aq4zTtDe-u8-00005-00002762-00003137": "with the background is serving as a member of congress also provides a", "aq4zTtDe-u8-00006-00003137-00003319": "unique perspective to make sure that", "aq4zTtDe-u8-00007-00003319-00003797": "both sides are working cohesively together they should know that,", "aq4zTtDe-u8-00008-00003797-00004205": "that our National Guard is made up of their neighbors, their friends and their family", "aq4zTtDe-u8-00009-00004205-00004389": "people from here, within our community", "aq4zTtDe-u8-00010-00004389-00004782": "and they're here to provide assistance, these are not strangers. They're family and", "aq4zTtDe-u8-00011-00004782-00004851": "they're friends", "aq4zTtDe-u8-00012-00004851-00005305": "and people who are excited in volunteering to be able to work to serve their community."}}, {"audio_id": "aqMK2BNQLHo", "text": {"aqMK2BNQLHo-00000-00001819-00002385": "Hello and welcome to today’s lecture on cache optimization techniques, this is the", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00001-00002385-00002580": "second lecture on this topic.", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00002-00002580-00003347": "In the last lecture, we have discuss about the reduction of hit time as you know the", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00003-00003347-00004139": "average memory access time particularly from cache memory is dependent on three important", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00004-00004139-00005115": "parameters, number one is hit time, second is miss rate, third is miss penalty. To improve", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00005-00005115-00005765": "the performance, you have to reduce on or more of these parameters that means first", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00006-00005765-00006447": "technique that you can use is to reduce hit time. In my last lecture, I have discuss in", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00007-00006447-00007222": "detail various techniques by which the hit time from the cache can be reduced because", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00008-00007222-00007970": "CPU is reading instruction and data and writing also instruction and data in to I mean in", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00009-00007970-00008636": "the from the cache memory. The performance is critically dependent on", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00010-00008636-00009189": "the performance of the cache memory that is the reason why is very important to discuss", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00011-00009189-00009763": "about various techniques by which the cache memory performance can be improved. So, today", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00012-00009763-00010460": "we shall focus on the second technique that means reduction of miss rate, how can we reduce", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00013-00010460-00011306": "the miss rate and in my next lecture I shall focus on reduction of miss penalty.", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00014-00011306-00012427": "So, for reducing miss rate, you have to use some of the approaches which are listed. Here,", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00015-00012427-00013159": "number one is you can use larger cache size cache memory size, second is higher associativity", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00016-00013159-00013881": "third is large block size fourth is various compiler optimization techniques, so we shall", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00017-00013881-00014188": "discuss them one after the other.", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00018-00014188-00014881": "Before we discuss this technique, let us focus on another very important aspect which will", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00019-00014881-00015972": "give you necessary background for reducing the various other techniques for miss rate.", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00020-00015972-00016637": "That is an anatomy of cache misses rather why cache misses occur what are the different", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00021-00016637-00017304": "types of cache misses that we can call as anatomy of cache misses. So, to be able to", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00022-00017304-00018106": "reduce miss rate, we should be able to classify misses by their causes why these misses occur.", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00023-00018106-00019054": "Based on the causes, the classification can be done into three broad categories, number", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00024-00019054-00020015": "one is known as compulsory misses. This compulsory misses is a compulsory misses occur because", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00025-00020015-00020539": "you have to bring blocks into cache for the first time as you know when you are turning", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00026-00020539-00021243": "the power on the cache memory is not containing any use full instruction on data.", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00027-00021243-00021815": "So, the cache memory is containing kind of you may say garbage so for the first time", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00028-00021815-00022924": "you have to transfer instructions to the instruction cache and data to the data cache. So, this", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00029-00022924-00023646": "will this is inheritable and you cannot really avoid compulsory misses and these compulsory", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00030-00023646-00024249": "misses also called as cold start misses or first reference misses. That means first time", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00031-00024249-00025068": "when you are referring a particular block as you know the in the cache memory is referred", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00032-00025068-00025870": "in terms of blocks. That means will occur, so it is quite obvious that this misses will", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00033-00025870-00026495": "occur even when we have got infinite cache. That means normally we know that if we have", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00034-00026495-00027249": "an infinite cache, then the miss rate will be very low. However, these compulsory needs", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00035-00027249-00027814": "will definitely occur because for the first time you have to transfer from the main memory", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00036-00027814-00028570": "to the cache memory. So, this this will happen, second is known as capacity miss cache is", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00037-00028570-00029391": "not large enough some blocks are discarded and later retrieved. So, this is due to smaller", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00038-00029391-00030352": "capacity of the caches so as we know because of cost we cannot have very large cache memory", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00039-00030352-00031038": "and as a consequence you have to you cannot really transfer all the blocks from the main", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00040-00031038-00031870": "memory to the cache memory. So, you have to take only a subset of the", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00041-00031870-00032550": "blocks from transfer is subset of the blocks from main memory to the cache memory and obviously", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00042-00032550-00033284": "a whenever a particular block in the cache memory is mapped by a large number of blocks", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00043-00033284-00034524": "of the main memory. You have to replace that cache memory content and put a new block into", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00044-00034524-00035414": "it, so this will happen because some blocks are discarded and later retrieved misses occur", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00045-00035414-00036011": "even in fully associative cache. As you shall see, there are different types of associative,", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00046-00036011-00036568": "you can use and even when we use fully associative cache.", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00047-00036568-00037284": "Then, this will happen that means you can place anywhere in the cache memory, so it", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00048-00037284-00037951": "is not fixed and even in this situation even in the scenario. This will occur capacity", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00049-00037951-00038930": "misses will occur last part not the list type of misses is due to conflict misses are known", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00050-00038930-00039493": "as conflict misses. So, blocks can be discarded and later retrieved if too many blocks map", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00051-00039493-00040243": "to a set so the conflict misses occur because as I mentioned you are you will be mapping", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00052-00040243-00041232": "many blocks to a particular set. As a consequence, you have to replace bring in and so on, so", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00053-00041232-00041662": "these are known as collisions misses or interferences misses.", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00054-00041662-00042630": "So, these are the three types of misses that can occur and particularly misses in n way", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00055-00042630-00043417": "associative example as you keep on increasing the associativity and for a fix size cache,", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00056-00043417-00044060": "this factor will change, later on we shall discuss about it in more details.", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00057-00044060-00044851": "Although I have broadly categorize the misses into three types or the misses can occur because", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00058-00044851-00045618": "of three reasons. There is another reason which may call as fourth c, so you have consider", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00059-00045618-00046316": "this is the fourth c, this is known as coherence misses this is caused by cache coherence.", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00060-00046316-00047228": "Later on, we shall be discussing about multiprocessor based systems, you have got multiple possessors", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00061-00047228-00047894": "having their own private caches and say at main say at memory main memory. So, in such", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00062-00047894-00048603": "situation another type of misses will occur and that that is known as coherence misses,", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00063-00048603-00049293": "so later on we shall when we shall be discussing about multi processors system this particular", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00064-00049293-00049912": "type of misses will be discussed in detail.", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00065-00049912-00051018": "Now, let us consider the 3 C’s and find let us see what the miss rate is for the different", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00066-00051018-00052052": "types of misses as you can see the bottom red line. I mean red that say very small portion", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00067-00052052-00052822": "here those are compulsory misses that means we find that the compulsory misses. I mean", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00068-00052822-00053421": "miss occur because of compulsory misses there are rate is much less compare to capacity", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00069-00053421-00054116": "and conflict misses. That means compulsory miss is insignificantly smaller compare to", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00070-00054116-00054834": "capacity and conflict misses. This Watt portion corresponds to the capacity", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00071-00054834-00055503": "misses particularly even when you have got fully associative cache these are the miss", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00072-00055503-00056124": "rates. Obviously, as we increase the cache size as you can see the miss rate is decreasing", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00073-00056124-00056712": "and conflict misses are due to different types of associativity. That means capacity misses", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00074-00056712-00057357": "are because of the limited size of cache as you can see as you increase the size the miss", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00075-00057357-00058037": "rate will decrees because of capacity misses. However, if you increase the associativity", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00076-00058037-00058707": "as you can see the miss rate decreases the top of portion that blue portion is due to", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00077-00058707-00059222": "I mean whenever you have got direct mapping that means your miss rate is maximum. Whenever", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00078-00059222-00059750": "you are using direct miss rate direct mapping and as you increase the associativity from", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00079-00059750-00060476": "one way to two way set as c t 4 way set as c t 8 way set c t as you can see the miss", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00080-00060476-00060885": "rate is gradually decreasing as represented by different colors.", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00081-00060885-00061459": "So, that means the blue portion it corresponds one way that may set as c t that means direct", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00082-00061459-00062413": "mapping the red portion because of two way set associativity and the yellow one corresponds", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00083-00062413-00063017": "to four way set associativity. The blue one corresponds to eight way set associativity", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00084-00063017-00063560": "and the Watt portion as I have told even when you have got fully associative cache, there", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00085-00063560-00063958": "will be misses because of capacity misses.", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00086-00063958-00065027": "Now, let us focus on how the miss rate decreases, I mean changes as you change the size for", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00087-00065027-00065874": "example, if the size of the cache is 2 kb, we find that miss rate is little more than", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00088-00065874-00066933": "0.04 that is the miss rate. That means one out of that means above 4 percent, 4 percent", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00089-00066933-00067557": "cache misses occur when we have got 2 kilo Watt cache memory as you increase the size", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00090-00067557-00068405": "from 2 to 4 as you can see the miss rate is decreasing, it is little more than 3 percent.", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00091-00068405-00069068": "So, little more than 4 percent to little more than 4 percent to little more than 3 percent,", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00092-00069068-00069792": "there is a decrease as you increase the size and thumb role is as you increase the size", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00093-00069792-00070398": "if you make the size double that means 2 kilo Watt to 4 kilo Watt, the miss rate decreases", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00094-00070398-00071113": "by 25 percent this corresponds to I mean this is corresponding to the full associativity.", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00095-00071113-00071644": "Now, let us consider whenever you have got direct mapping technique in such a case when", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00096-00071644-00072400": "you have got 2 kilo Watt cache memory, you can see the miss rate is little less than", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00097-00072400-00072991": "0.1 that is less than 10 percent. On the other hand, whenever you increase the", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00098-00072991-00074052": "size to 4 kilo Watt, then the miss rate reduces from little less than 10 percent to little", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00099-00074052-00074739": "more than 6 percent. So, it is roughly above 7 percent, so here also 25 reductions in miss", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00100-00074739-00075487": "rate occurs, obviously this reduction question arises due to which miss, and does it reduce?", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00101-00075487-00076142": "This reduction occurs because of capacity misses as I already mentioned in my earlier", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00102-00076142-00076611": "with the help of our earlier slides.", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00103-00076611-00077827": "Now, earlier we have seen the different type of miss rates or different reasons compulsory", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00104-00077827-00078842": "capacity and the conflict misses and here the miss rate is shown and actually the absolute", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00105-00078842-00079607": "relative miss rates for different types some misses is shown here. So, we find here bulk", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00106-00079607-00080394": "of the misses occur because of capacity misses and as I mentioned earlier, the compulsory", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00107-00080394-00081289": "misses which is represented by the red portion, you can see the miss rate because of compulsory", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00108-00081289-00082039": "misses is quite small and an contrary to reduction in miss rate.", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00109-00082039-00082632": "The cache memory size increases the compulsory misses increases because you have to transfer", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00110-00082632-00083291": "larger number of blocks from the main memory to cache memory. So, the percentage of compulsory", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00111-00083291-00084063": "misses in cases as you increase the size of the cache memory the capacity miss rate as", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00112-00084063-00085537": "you can see is remains from 0 to 60 percent. So, this is the capacity miss and derived", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00113-00085537-00085977": "for different types of different types of associativity, one way that is direct mapping", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00114-00085977-00086518": "2 way, 4 way, 8 way, so for different types of associativity the percentage of misses", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00115-00086518-00087052": "are shown in this particular diagram.", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00116-00087052-00088129": "Now, we have we can see that the miss rate can be reduced by controlling three parameters", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00117-00088129-00089048": "cache size associative and increasing the size of the block. Now, they affect the three", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00118-00089048-00089808": "types of misses that means 3 C s that we shall see and little more detail.", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00119-00089808-00090483": "So, first let us focus on larger caches sizes, we have seen as we increase the size of the", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00120-00090483-00091214": "cache memory the different types of misses changes. So, how the three type of misses", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00121-00091214-00091939": "are affected as you increase the size of the cache is consider here. So, larger caches", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00122-00091939-00092712": "are obvious ways to reduce cache capacity misses. So, capacity misses will reduce as", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00123-00092712-00093655": "we increase the size of the cache, however larger caches have higher hit times, so as", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00124-00093655-00094256": "we increase the size of the cache memory the cache memory becomes increasingly complex.", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00125-00094256-00094889": "As the increasing becomes increasingly complex, the coder portion will be quite complex and", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00126-00094889-00095695": "the delay for that access will be larger. So, hit time will increase as you increase", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00127-00095695-00096519": "the size of the cache, so larger cache size have higher cost obviously as we as we put", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00128-00096519-00097420": "more and more cache memory the cost increases. So, these are the changes, so l 2 caches become", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00129-00097420-00098473": "larger not true for caches particularly whenever we consider l 1 cache, their hit time is very", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00130-00098473-00099293": "important parameters because most of the time data instruction will be read from the l 1", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00131-00099293-00100236": "cache. So, they are try to keep the size quite small not very large, so hit time is very", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00132-00100236-00101622": "small however whenever we go for then size is a significantly larger compare to l 1 case.", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00133-00101622-00102083": "Second important parameter as i told is higher associativity higher associativity reduces", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00134-00102083-00102773": "conflict misses as you have seen in the diagram. If we go for fully associative cache, and", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00135-00102773-00103818": "then the conflict miss will be minimum and as you and I mean reduce the associativity", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00136-00103818-00104566": "go towards direct mapping in hit rate increases so higher associativity increases hit time.", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00137-00104566-00105227": "So, the reason for that is whenever you go for higher associativity cache becomes more", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00138-00105227-00105640": "complex. So, direct mapping is the simplest type of", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00139-00105640-00106201": "cache memory you can use conventional memory as the cache memory whenever you use direct", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00140-00106201-00106974": "memory. Whenever you go for two ways set associativity or four ways set associativity or fully", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00141-00106974-00107530": "associativity, then the cache memory becomes increasingly complex. As a consequence, the hit time", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00142-00107530-00108265": "will increase as it increase the associativity and another observation that we have seen", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00143-00108265-00108809": "from the diagram associativity higher than eight way is likely not useful.", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00144-00108809-00109525": "We have seen in our previous diagram after eight ways set associativity there is no significant", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00145-00109525-00110386": "reduction in miss rate. If you increase the associativity, so there is no point in going", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00146-00110386-00110915": "beyond eight way set associativity if we incorporate associativity in the cache memory eight ways,", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00147-00110915-00111646": "eight ways are limit. Beyond that, it does not we reach a point of no returns beyond", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00148-00111646-00112364": "that there is no benefit that is the reason why the cache the associativity restricted", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00149-00112364-00113524": "to restricted of to eight way set of associativity. Second observation is then is that there is", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00150-00113524-00114226": "a 2 2 1 cache rule thumb, what is that the miss rate of a direct mapped cache of size", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00151-00114226-00114889": "n is about the same as a two way set associative cache of size n by 2.", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00152-00114889-00116497": "That means one parameter is cache memory size another is associativity, suppose the cache", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00153-00116497-00117923": "size is n and if it is direct map say associativity is direct map or we can say one way of set", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00154-00117923-00118808": "associative. This will give the same miss rate whenever you have got cache size of n", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00155-00118808-00120471": "by 2 and you have got 2 way set associative. So, we find that there we can achieve the", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00156-00120471-00121822": "same goal that means we can have the same miss rate either by increasing the associativity", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00157-00121822-00122439": "and reducing the cache size. What we can do we can go for direct mapping doubling the", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00158-00122439-00123316": "size from two way set associative. So, these are you can say tradeoff, tradeoff", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00159-00123316-00124533": "between associativity and cache size for the same miss rate and this particular thumb rule", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00160-00124533-00125560": "actually holds for caches of 128 kb and obviously beyond 128 kb, we do not, I mean consider", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00161-00125560-00126073": "a cache memory size. So, this particular thumb rule is applicable cause for cache memory", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00162-00126073-00126576": "of 128 kb and under a smaller.", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00163-00126576-00127376": "Now, let us consider the block size so larger blocks size reduces compulsory misses, so", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00164-00127376-00127935": "compulsory misses will be reduced as you increase the block size. That is because of spatial", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00165-00127935-00128745": "locality you know this this is governed by the locality of references as you increase", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00166-00128745-00129558": "the blocks size larger block size the adjusting block adjust in words are taken from the cache", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00167-00129558-00130374": "main memory to the cache memory. As consequence, the next reference whenever the next, I mean", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00168-00130374-00130783": "consecutive addresses is referred it will be available in the cache memory. So, that", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00169-00130783-00131645": "is the reason why increasing the block size compulsory misses reduces because of better", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00170-00131645-00132123": "spatial locality. So, however larger blocks size increases miss", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00171-00132123-00132848": "penalty miss penalty increases the reason for that is whenever a cache miss occurs.", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00172-00132848-00133488": "If you have got multiple words in the cache memory, then you have to transfer all of them", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00173-00133488-00134108": "before you can resume execution of a particular instruction by the processes. That means before", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00174-00134108-00134787": "the control is transferred to the processor, you have to transfer all the words of a block", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00175-00134787-00135589": "from the main memory to the cache memory. That means that miss penalty increases however", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00176-00135589-00136634": "this can be problem can be reduce to a great extent by using critical word first. That", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00177-00136634-00137259": "means all though we shall be transferring all the words of a block, but the critical", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00178-00137259-00137686": "word which has been referred by the processor is transferred first.", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00179-00137686-00138332": "So, the processor can resume its operation only after the critical word is transferred", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00180-00138332-00138979": "from the main memory to the processor also to the cache and subsequently other words", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00181-00138979-00139653": "can be transferred. So, this can be done which we shall be discuss in my next lecture where", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00182-00139653-00140225": "shall be consider various techniques for reducing miss penalty. So, this will be one of the", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00183-00140225-00141085": "technique and larger blocks may increase conflict misses, you see all though it reduces compulsory", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00184-00141085-00141967": "misses the conflict misses increases. The reason for that is whenever you consider a", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00185-00141967-00142484": "cache memory of same size without changing the size of the cache memory.", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00186-00142484-00143241": "If we increase the associativity then what happens then for a given larger blocks means", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00187-00143241-00144399": "fewer block frames that means the number of suppose for the same size the number of same", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00188-00144399-00145332": "size n for direct mapping. If we go for two ways set associative, although we have got", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00189-00145332-00146087": "two words in a same block, but the number of frames reduces. It will become n by 2,", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00190-00146087-00146960": "so as a consequence the number of frames reduces. That will lead to increase in conflict misses,", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00191-00146960-00147479": "therefore there is a trade off the best block size must be chosen carefully. So, you have", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00192-00147479-00148436": "to see there are conflicting outcomes that means it reduces compulsory misses increase", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00193-00148436-00148776": "miss penalty and also it increase conflict misses.", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00194-00148776-00149423": "So, you have to very judicially choose the size of the block as it is evident from this", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00195-00149423-00150209": "diagram you can see here as you increase the block size miss rate initially decreases,", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00196-00150209-00150798": "but ultimately after reaching a minimum value. It again increases that means particularly", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00197-00150798-00151510": "when the size of the cache memory is small, then we should use a relatively smaller block", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00198-00151510-00152132": "size in other words the block size as should never be comparable to the size of the cache", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00199-00152132-00152572": "memory. So, when the size of the cache memory is large", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00200-00152572-00153290": "as you can see then if you increase the block size it does not affect much that means when", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00201-00153290-00154065": "the size of the cache memory is small it is affected more. If we increase the size of", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00202-00154065-00154636": "the block, but whenever we got a large cache memory by increase the size of the block it", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00203-00154636-00155348": "as a it will it does not affect much. I mean the miss rate is not affected much, so what", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00204-00155348-00156059": "we can say that the tradeoff is best on the available size of the cache memory, you have", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00205-00156059-00156472": "to decide about the size of the block.", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00206-00156472-00157589": "So, this is simple, I mean case study a real life processor intensity fast math processor", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00207-00157589-00158126": "that is a that is an embedded microprocessor that is that uses miss architecture. This", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00208-00158126-00158680": "particular processor is used in many embedded application, it has got 12 stage pipeline", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00209-00158680-00159546": "16 kb kilo Watt cache memory each of 4 kilo words. I mean four that 16 kb cache means", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00210-00159546-00160389": "4 kilo words and 16 word blocks. So, you can see here you have got a block size is quiet", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00211-00160389-00160919": "large because each block is containing 16 words. These are the different components;", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00212-00160919-00161525": "I mean this is the address 32 bit address which is divided into different parts we can", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00213-00161525-00161727": "see.", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00214-00161727-00163052": "Now, we shall focus on various compiler optimization techniques, so ways in which code can be modified", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00215-00163052-00163861": "to have fewer misses that means so far what we have discussed. Those are to be implemented", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00216-00163861-00164696": "in hardware and programmers or compiler writers and not bother about that. Either you will", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00217-00164696-00165167": "increase the size of the cache or you will increase the associativity or increase the", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00218-00165167-00165909": "size of the block. So, all these things are related to changing hardware and the programmers", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00219-00165909-00166805": "are very happy with that, but now we shall discuss some techniques which are which are", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00220-00166805-00167305": "which are actually based on optimization of the compiler.", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00221-00167305-00167946": "This optimization can be either be done by the compiler or by the user themselves and", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00222-00167946-00169035": "McFarling reported back in 1989 that 50 percent reduction in cache misses using 2 kilo byte", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00223-00169035-00169584": "cache. That can take place by using compiler optimizations and 75 percent reduction in", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00224-00169584-00170355": "cache misses can occur on 8 kilo Watt direct mapped cache by using by adopting compiler", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00225-00170355-00170779": "optimization techniques. Essentially, what that what is being done re order instructions", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00226-00170779-00171449": "so as to reduce conflict misses. So, primarily by reducing the conflict misses because size", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00227-00171449-00172153": "has been kept fixed simply by reordering the conflict misses are reduce and that leads", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00228-00172153-00173002": "to reduction in I mean miss cache, so we shall discuss several techniques compiler optimization", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00229-00173002-00173372": "techniques first one.", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00230-00173372-00174189": "These are the most popular techniques number one is merging arrays, we shall see how you", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00231-00174189-00175025": "can merge more than arrays into one and that will improve spatial locality by simple array", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00232-00175025-00175622": "of compound element verses two separate arrays that we discuss in detail. Second is loop", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00233-00175622-00176455": "interchange by change nesting of loops to access data, so there will be no change in", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00234-00176455-00177209": "the number of instruction to be executed. Simply by changing the order of the nesting", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00235-00177209-00178377": "of loops, you will be able to reduce essentially that will increase the conflict miss. Then,", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00236-00178377-00179077": "third technique is known as loop fusion, so we may be having two independent loops that", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00237-00179077-00179814": "have the same looping and same variable overlap. So, the key parameter is that you are using", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00238-00179814-00180485": "some variables which are common in two different loops. So, instead of accessing separately", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00239-00180485-00181279": "in two different loops, you can have a one loop and those once variable is transferred", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00240-00181279-00181762": "from the cache memory to main memory to the cache memory. They will be used for both the", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00241-00181762-00182355": "loops, so that is known as loop fusion the last technique is known as blocking. This", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00242-00182355-00182953": "improves temporal locality by accessing blocks of data repeatedly verses processing whole", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00243-00182953-00183428": "columns or rows particularly processing arrays this will be very important.", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00244-00183428-00184274": "So, these techniques we shall discuss one after the other, so this is the first technique", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00245-00184274-00185047": "margining arrays you can see here we have got two different arrays.", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00246-00185047-00187651": "First one is two sequential arrays, one is two sequential arrays, so one is your interval", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00247-00187651-00189137": "is a size of the arrays given here and another is another array that is your key. So, these", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00248-00189137-00189759": "two are these two arrays are access separately and you can see the order in which they where", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00249-00189759-00190746": "it is access first you are accessing the array and then you are accessing key one after the", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00250-00190746-00193782": "other. However, after merging having one array structure what you can do you can strut merge", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00251-00193782-00195480": "int val and then int key. So, in this particular case what will be done", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00252-00195480-00196832": "you will be accessing an element of val, then element of key and element of val element", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00253-00196832-00197798": "of key in this way will be accessing an as a consequence, what will happen the while", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00254-00197798-00198532": "doing this? The miss rate will decreases because the way it is done, so it reduces potential", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00255-00198532-00199163": "conflicts between val and key and because it improves spatial locality. So, because", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00256-00199163-00200075": "of improves spatial locality this will give you better result and the way will be this", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00257-00200075-00200870": "way you know that you will be storing in this way. Then, accessing in this manner and that", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00258-00200870-00201284": "will improve the performance because it improves spatial locality.", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00259-00201284-00202025": "Second technique that we shall be using is known as loop interchange a in case of loop", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00260-00202025-00202416": "interchange.", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00261-00202416-00204659": "You have got 2 D array initialization so int a 200 elements 200 so it is a two dimensional", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00262-00204659-00205878": "array and for then you are accessing this manner for i is equal to 0 j less than 200", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00263-00205878-00208502": "j plus and for j is equal to 0 j it is i i j less than 200 and j plus. So, then you are", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00264-00208502-00210096": "writing into it a i j and is equal to 2, so here what it will be done you will be in this", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00265-00210096-00210767": "case first you are reading a value taking a value of i and you increasing the value", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00266-00210767-00211251": "of j from 0 to 200 and you are writing into it.", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00267-00211251-00212384": "So, that means the rate is done is a for one i you are accessing all elements of j and", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00268-00212384-00212953": "then you are taking another element of i all accessing all the elements of j. So, this", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00269-00212953-00213576": "is one you are doing it and alternatively what can be done instead of doing this, you", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00270-00213576-00215082": "can do this way int a 200, 200 you are you will simply change the order for j. Earlier,", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00271-00215082-00216575": "it was i for a, here it is j is equal to 0, j is less than 200 j plus and then for simple", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00272-00216575-00218092": "you have change the order see here it is i is equal to 0 i less than 200 i plus plus", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00273-00218092-00219183": "and then a i j is equal to 2. So, in this case what you have done you have simply the", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00274-00219183-00220098": "earlier j was nested in i, now i is nested in j, so because of this you know there will", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00275-00220098-00220619": "be lot of changes. Here, question arises which one give you better", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00276-00220619-00221196": "result actually to answer this one must understand the memory layout of the 2 D array the way", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00277-00221196-00222028": "it is stored in the memory because your memory is one dimensional your accessing a two dimensional", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00278-00222028-00222586": "array. That is stored in a one dimensional memory as you know memory is organize in the", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00279-00222586-00223579": "linear way and that is access by the address. So, what you can do, it reduces misses by", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00280-00223579-00224104": "improving spatial locality whenever you change the order and improves cache performance without", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00281-00224104-00224610": "affecting the number of instructions executed. So, the number of instructions executed will", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00282-00224610-00225435": "will be will be independent of what way you do so that means in both the cases number", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00283-00225435-00226333": "of instructions executed is same, but the way it is stored. I mean the way it is stored", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00284-00226333-00227089": "here because the array corresponding to that i th you know i is in i to increasing from", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00285-00227089-00227827": "0 to 200. In fact, it has been stored sequentially corresponding to i and as a consequence, it", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00286-00227827-00228098": "will give you better spatial locality.", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00287-00228098-00228736": "That means the second option will give you better option better reduction that means", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00288-00228736-00229538": "the element of 2 D array are stored in contiguous memory cells. The problem is that as I told", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00289-00229538-00230155": "in computer memory is in one due a, therefore there is a there must be a mapping from 2", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00290-00230155-00231073": "D to 1 D. So, from 2 D abstraction to 1 D implementation, the consequence this particular", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00291-00231073-00231556": "approach will give you better result.", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00292-00231556-00232594": "You must understand the way the rows and column the way they are stored in the memory, so", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00293-00232594-00233169": "you have got a two dimensional array.", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00294-00233169-00234407": "Here, it is i and j and here you have got different elements of a i j, so these are", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00295-00234407-00235836": "the rows and these are the columns. So, here it is a say 0 and this is the a 0 0, then", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00296-00235836-00237173": "here the row changes. So, 1 j is equal to 0 and so on and a n minus 1 j is 0. So, first", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00297-00237173-00237951": "row the first row and different columns and in this direction, you have got different", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00298-00237951-00238778": "columns. Now, the way they can be stored is one is known as row major second is known", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00299-00238778-00239363": "as column major. That means if the rows are stored contiguously, if is the row elements", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00300-00239363-00240204": "are stored contiguously in this manner, then it is called row major.", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00301-00240204-00240771": "On the other hand, if you stored in this manner this element, then the next elements of the", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00302-00240771-00242435": "column, then it is called column major. So, you can see the column major are stored contiguously", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00303-00242435-00242835": "first column, then second column, then third column, then forth column this is column major", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00304-00242835-00243146": "and this is row major.", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00305-00243146-00243930": "Actually the c program that is c uses row major that means you are storing in terms", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00306-00243930-00244436": "of rows. First, you are storing these rows, then this row then this row and this row as", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00307-00244436-00245061": "you can see rows in memory as you increasing the address different row elements are there.", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00308-00245061-00245730": "These are the different memory lines in of the cache memory, so matrix elements are stored", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00309-00245730-00246283": "in contiguous memory lines and they are stored in a row major way.", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00310-00246283-00247133": "As a consequence, whenever you try to access them in the row by in terms of row elements", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00311-00247133-00248013": "with the help of this program. Then, you get good result on the other hand if it is stored", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00312-00248013-00248890": "in a different way that means the column measure way. Then, this program will not give you", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00313-00248890-00249558": "good result as you can see there will be that locality of reference that spatial locality", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00314-00249558-00250131": "is lost, since they are stored in row way. You are accessing in terms of column and as", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00315-00250131-00250778": "a result this will be this will give you worst result so the locality of reference a spatial", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00316-00250778-00251281": "locality will be much less. As a result, there will be many misses that will occur in this", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00317-00251281-00252246": "case compare to the first case where your accessing row by row and does not elements", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00318-00252246-00252651": "are stored in the row measurement.", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00319-00252651-00253451": "Another technique is known as loop interchange, so here what has been done, you can see you", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00320-00253451-00254400": "have got this is this is the your array k is equal to 0 200 and here j is equal to 0", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00321-00254400-00255026": "to 100 and i equal to 0 to 5000. That means you are accessing different elements of x", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00322-00255026-00255653": "i j your writing in 2 and doing multiply with your multiplying with 2. Then, you are storing", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00323-00255653-00256834": "it here, now if you interchange i and j, so if you interchange i and j and then say for", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00324-00256834-00257792": "outer one remaining same that k is equal to 0 to 100. Here, it is i equal to 0 to 5000", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00325-00257792-00258419": "and lower it is j equal to 0 to 100 and x i j is equal to 2 into 2000.", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00326-00258419-00259023": "So, the sequential accesses instead of striding through memory every 100 words, so, this will", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00327-00259023-00259803": "give you sequential access of for different element of the array instead of striding through", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00328-00259803-00260385": "memory every 100 words. In this case, you will be striding 200 every 100 words, but", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00329-00260385-00261004": "in the second case will be accessing sequentially and this will give you improved spatial locality.", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00330-00261004-00261694": "So, if you perform this loop interchange this the second option will give you better result", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00331-00261694-00262300": "because of include spatial locality compare to the first one so this is the loop interchange", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00332-00262300-00262382": "example.", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00333-00262382-00263113": "Then, third is your loop fusion example, so in this case separate sections of code that", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00334-00263113-00263767": "access the same arrays with the same loops performing different computations on the common", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00335-00263767-00264456": "data. As I mentioned earlier, here you are having two different loops one here the first", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00336-00264456-00265026": "loop is that we write down the two different loops.", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00337-00265026-00267151": "So, first one is for i is equal to 0 i less than n i is equal to i plus 1 and for j is", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00338-00267151-00269595": "equal to 0 j less than n j is equal to j plus 1 and a i j is equal to 1 by b i j into c", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00339-00269595-00270467": "i j. So, this is the operation you are doing and you are performing in this manner. This", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00340-00270467-00271998": "is another loop you have got for i is equal to 0 i less than n i is equal to i plus 1", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00341-00271998-00273453": "and for j is equal to 0 j less than n j is equal to i plus 1 and you are performing d", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00342-00273453-00275859": "i j, d i j is equal to a i j plus c i j. So, you can see your performing two different", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00343-00275859-00276595": "computations, one is your this computation where a i that elements of a being access", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00344-00276595-00277154": "element of b being access element of c is being access and you are performing is computation.", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00345-00277154-00277697": "Here is another computation, where you are you are computing i mean d i j and also your", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00346-00277697-00278305": "accessing different elements of a and c. So, you find that elements of a and c which your", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00347-00278305-00278784": "accessing are overlapping although your performing two different computation in two different", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00348-00278784-00279668": "loops instead of doing it a having two different loops. What you can do, you can merge into", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00349-00279668-00280079": "a you can have a single loop.", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00350-00280079-00281902": "For example i is equal to 0 i less than n i is equal to i plus 1 and then you have got", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00351-00281902-00284076": "to another j is equal to 0 j is less than n i j equal is to j plus 1 and you are performing", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00352-00284076-00285922": "a i j is equal to one by same thing which you have done earlier 1 by a b i j into c", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00353-00285922-00288630": "i j. Also, you will do this computation d i j is equal to a i j plus c i j. So, here", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00354-00288630-00289225": "instead of doing in two different loops your performing in a single loop, so as a consequence", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00355-00289225-00290374": "you are performing loop fusion and by doing this loop fusion, you will be having better", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00356-00290374-00291076": "result because two misses per access. Whenever you access them separately verses", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00357-00291076-00291645": "for to a and c that means your accessing a and c which are common instead of two misses", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00358-00291645-00292375": "only one miss per access is occur whenever you do by using this loop fusion. So, this", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00359-00292375-00293009": "two misses per access will be reduced to one misses per access because of improved temporal", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00360-00293009-00293636": "locality as you know temporal locality your accessing something your retaining something", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00361-00293636-00294215": "This will be needed in near future in fact that is what is happening in these two cases,", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00362-00294215-00294863": "so processing these this particular first computation and second computation you are", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00363-00294863-00295634": "accessing once transferring to the cache memory and reusing twice. So, this will improve temporal", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00364-00295634-00295925": "locality and give you better result.", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00365-00295925-00296747": "Then, the final technique that we shall discuss known as blocking, so whenever you are performing", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00366-00296747-00297875": "dense matrix multiplication this is the code which will be writing. So, i is equal to 0", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00367-00297875-00298545": "colon i less than n i equal to i plus 1 for j is equal to 0 to j less than n j is equal", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00368-00298545-00299328": "to 1 r is equal to 0 for and you will be doing this computation for k 0 to k is equal to", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00369-00299328-00300646": "0 k less than 1 k is equal to k plus 1. Then, r is equal to r plus y i k into z k j and", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00370-00300646-00301384": "also you will be doing x i j equal to r. So, this will do and whenever as you can see you", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00371-00301384-00302372": "have got two inner loops and you are reading all n by n elements of z reading all on all", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00372-00302372-00302925": "element of z and read n element of one row of y repeatedly.", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00373-00302925-00303915": "So, this will be doing repeatedly because this inner loop and write n element and instead", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00374-00303915-00304574": "of doing that. That means instead of reading the entire rows entire column rows and entire", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00375-00304574-00305435": "columns what you can do you can compute on b by b sub matrix that fit into the cache", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00376-00305435-00305983": "memory. So, in this particular case it will not fit into the cache memory that means entire", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00377-00305983-00306861": "all the elements of row and all the elements of column will not fit sequence will be having", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00378-00306861-00307027": "lot of misses.", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00379-00307027-00307643": "So, instead of doing this way you will be dividing into blocks of smaller size as it", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00380-00307643-00308455": "is shown here smaller blocks and the take the way it is happening shown in this particular", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00381-00308455-00309407": "diagram. So, here as you can see when you are doing without blocking, so when without", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00382-00309407-00309949": "doing whenever you are computing this is the x array this is the y array and this is the", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00383-00309949-00310646": "z array. The way there are accessed is shown the help of this diagram that Watt portion", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00384-00310646-00311411": "is not yet not yet touched. Then, the light portion is corresponding to", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00385-00311411-00312078": "older access and the dark portion is the newer access this portion. That means you can see", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00386-00312078-00312773": "the older accesses I have taken place, but using only a small portion here. Similarly,", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00387-00312773-00313573": "for the for array y again your accessing your using only a small portion and this is the", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00388-00313573-00314379": "older access. Similarly for j you can see a large portion has been is corresponding", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00389-00314379-00315042": "to older access and this is the dark portion corresponding the new access instead of doing", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00390-00315042-00315107": "this.", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00391-00315107-00315900": "If you use the blocking and by changing the code here as you can see you have you have", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00392-00315900-00316738": "used a blocking factor b called divided into blocks. So, instead of doing the computation", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00393-00316738-00317774": "of the entire arrays and entire rows and columns you are doing block by block and this is how", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00394-00317774-00318574": "they are different. I mean the different access of arrays done is the show with the help of", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00395-00318574-00319529": "different loops and the capacity misses because of this blocking the capacity misses reduces", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00396-00319529-00320432": "from 2 to the power 2 into n to the power q plus n s square 2 cube by b plus 2 n square.", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00397-00320432-00321376": "So, you can see your by having the large number of blocks large your defining n cube by b", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00398-00321376-00322163": "and that will reduce the capacity misses significantly because you know that you are transferring", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00399-00322163-00322763": "all the a small block instead of transferring entire rows and columns. As a consequence,", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00400-00322763-00323300": "your performance your capacity misses will be much smaller and this exploit a combination", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00401-00323300-00323955": "of spatial and temporal locality because computation is not really in does not involve. Simultaneously,", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00402-00323955-00324704": "the entire arrays it is computation is done over a small portion of the array by exploiting", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00403-00324704-00325407": "that idea you are using exploiting the combination of spatial and temporal locality to achieve", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00404-00325407-00326040": "this blocking. This can also be used to help register allocation.", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00405-00326040-00326534": "This is after doing the blocking how it is done is shown here in this particular case", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00406-00326534-00327383": "as you can see note in contrast to the previous figure smaller number of elements are accessed.", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00407-00327383-00328136": "Earlier, your accessing more number of elements smaller number of elements access for array", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00408-00328136-00328945": "x for array y and also for array z. You are doing the computation over this area only", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00409-00328945-00329460": "so one block then will be x go to another block in this way block by block.", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00410-00329460-00330122": "You will do the computation and performance will be will improve the total number of computation", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00411-00330122-00331124": "will not change in this case however the performance will definitely improve. So, with this we", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00412-00331124-00331721": "have come to the end of today’s lecture, we have discussed various techniques for reducing", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00413-00331721-00332660": "the miss rate and we have seen how we can use hardware’s by increasing the cache size", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00414-00332660-00333323": "by increasing the associativity. Also by increasing the block size we can reduce", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00415-00333323-00333861": "the miss rate and also you can use various compiler optimization techniques that we have", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00416-00333861-00334624": "discuss briefly in this lecture, which can be used to reduce the miss rate. So, in my", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00417-00334624-00335323": "next lecture, I shall discuss about the reduction of miss penalty, because that is the third", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00418-00335323-00335755": "parameters, which dictates the performance of the cache accesses.", "aqMK2BNQLHo-00419-00335755-00335816": "Thank you."}}, {"audio_id": "aqVjPsCDwSk", "text": {"aqVjPsCDwSk-00000-00000000-00000288": "It's party night at the EpsteinIsland's lucrative estate.", "aqVjPsCDwSk-00001-00000330-00000667": "And the noise should make for some great cover to enter unnoticed.", "aqVjPsCDwSk-00002-00000719-00001044": "A big price has been placed on Epstein's so called \"Black Book\".", "aqVjPsCDwSk-00003-00001088-00001458": "If I can recover that, and make it out with the skin still attached to my body.", "aqVjPsCDwSk-00004-00001527-00001710": "I'll make enough money to finally retire.", "aqVjPsCDwSk-00005-00001854-00002159": "The book is reported to be kept in the estate's lower floors.", "aqVjPsCDwSk-00006-00002215-00002616": "Protected by all manner of top of the line security systems, and armed guards...", "aqVjPsCDwSk-00007-00002663-00003097": "At least the ones that aren't drunk on spirits, or underage Third World prostitutes.", "aqVjPsCDwSk-00008-00003125-00003545": "The east balcony will be the only one not attended by partygoers and sentries.", "aqVjPsCDwSk-00009-00003570-00004026": "If I make my entrance there I should be able to sneak my way into the lower levels.", "aqVjPsCDwSk-00010-00004086-00004637": "My contacts did the best they could withgetting me a layout of the building,but they could only do so much.", "aqVjPsCDwSk-00011-00004681-00005053": "I'll be on my own once I secure a route to the first floor stairs.", "aqVjPsCDwSk-00012-00005053-00005725": "If I'm feeling adventurous, another bounty has been placed on the fabled flight logs for the \"Lolita Express\".", "aqVjPsCDwSk-00013-00005784-00006355": "It's anybody's guess where that will be stored, but if I manage to find it...I'm in for a hefty bonus.", "aqVjPsCDwSk-00014-00006428-00006990": "The priority is the \"Black Book\", once I find that, I'll make my way out and grab a little something for myself.", "aqVjPsCDwSk-00015-00007062-00007445": "Elites like him are sure to keep priceless artifacts laying around carelessly."}}, {"audio_id": "arBP_uk6Kl8", "text": {"arBP_uk6Kl8-00000-00000000-00001592": "foreign", "arBP_uk6Kl8-00001-00001912-00002536": "this video is made possible by ranger rob poopybags available in amazon right now", "arBP_uk6Kl8-00002-00002616-00003192": "hello everyone this is ranger rob and welcome to the ranger rob country living channel wow busy", "arBP_uk6Kl8-00003-00003192-00004056": "day again today um so today we have to go into town take a box of poopy bags to the post office", "arBP_uk6Kl8-00004-00004056-00004416": "because you guys are buying them up and i really appreciate that", "arBP_uk6Kl8-00005-00004472-00005264": "turns out uh uh our most popular um well new pro product is we have the poopy bags and rolls now", "arBP_uk6Kl8-00006-00005264-00005736": "and people are loving those so another shipment of those are going to amazon", "arBP_uk6Kl8-00007-00005736-00006423": "so i wanted to show you you know we told you that a bell or a german shepherd has been in heat", "arBP_uk6Kl8-00008-00006495-00007112": "anyway so we had to get diapers for her which is this hilarious and uh makes a fierce dog", "arBP_uk6Kl8-00009-00007112-00007936": "look really wimpy but belle come here come here you gotta see her new cloth diapers personally", "arBP_uk6Kl8-00010-00008272-00008712": "i call him mickey mouse pants she's been having to wear those", "arBP_uk6Kl8-00011-00008816-00009384": "and uh normally we only have it on her when she's in the house uh we just came outside for a minute", "arBP_uk6Kl8-00012-00009384-00010288": "and i thought oh they're so cute it matches her collar poor dog so anyway as soon as she gets", "arBP_uk6Kl8-00013-00010288-00010832": "through her cycle there then we're gonna schedule her for getting spaded uh like i said i wanted", "arBP_uk6Kl8-00014-00010832-00011296": "to wait till she got a little older before we had her spaded just so we don't have any complications", "arBP_uk6Kl8-00015-00011352-00011864": "but now we gotta wait till this cycle things over with i've never had to deal with a dog with heat", "arBP_uk6Kl8-00016-00011936-00012504": "so anyway um the other thing we're gonna do today is i get some more rollers in for my mouse traps", "arBP_uk6Kl8-00017-00012504-00013024": "so i can put some more into the big shop and uh mine's been working really well the one in this", "arBP_uk6Kl8-00018-00013024-00013663": "garage uh we've caught about five mice and uh i just think that's a great way to catch mice", "arBP_uk6Kl8-00019-00013663-00014240": "without putting poisons out and i'm kind of happy about that but in the meantime we got to go to", "arBP_uk6Kl8-00020-00014240-00015024": "town uh we also got to go to mattress firm and uh we have a mattress we bought in arizona it", "arBP_uk6Kl8-00021-00015024-00015647": "got really complicated because uh it got damaged on the way up here and uh they claim we claimed", "arBP_uk6Kl8-00022-00015647-00016272": "the warranty they said okay but now we live out in the country not so easy to do exchanges so we're", "arBP_uk6Kl8-00023-00016272-00016776": "gonna deal with that problem today so anyway guys uh let's move on we got tons of things to", "arBP_uk6Kl8-00024-00016776-00017472": "do today well sorry for the lighting but uh i was just watching some other videos but i noticed uh", "arBP_uk6Kl8-00025-00017592-00018392": "uh farmstead smith i try to remember the name uh they're saying that their gorilla cart which ours", "arBP_uk6Kl8-00026-00018392-00019192": "we have a gorilla cart too got a flat tire and so did ours and so we just ordered new non-flat tires", "arBP_uk6Kl8-00027-00019248-00019952": "i guess with no tube tires from home depot so that's what they look like and uh", "arBP_uk6Kl8-00028-00020144-00020504": "sherry's doing a little research and find out this is very common that the gorilla", "arBP_uk6Kl8-00029-00020560-00021192": "uh carts get flat tires so anyway we'll be installing one of these real soon and i will", "arBP_uk6Kl8-00030-00021192-00021904": "let you see that happening but we still got erin's around today so more things to do well guys we are", "arBP_uk6Kl8-00031-00021904-00022624": "back from roman around town and uh we did uh pick up a new caller for belle i'm not pretty", "arBP_uk6Kl8-00032-00022760-00023256": "all bright colored no she doesn't have a diaper and i know she's outside anyway but i wanted", "arBP_uk6Kl8-00033-00023256-00023624": "to talk to you guys and get your opinions i'd love to see it in the comments below", "arBP_uk6Kl8-00034-00023680-00024432": "because i have layered chickens they're all rhode island red hens and uh i've been using medicated", "arBP_uk6Kl8-00035-00024432-00025232": "food for a while and i'm kind of curious of ah i decided to go with all natural feed which is not", "arBP_uk6Kl8-00036-00025232-00025768": "all natural because it's got all kinds of things in it to help with digestion and things like that", "arBP_uk6Kl8-00037-00025768-00026544": "and calcium all that so i went with a swanson natural poultry feed but there's also organic and", "arBP_uk6Kl8-00038-00026680-00026976": "so i'd love to hear people's opinions about uh", "arBP_uk6Kl8-00039-00027088-00027712": "are they doing all gannick with their uh chickens i mean i realize there's a lot of people that uh", "arBP_uk6Kl8-00040-00027880-00028408": "uh give out you know give food you know scraps and stuff to their chickens and and all that stuff and", "arBP_uk6Kl8-00041-00028408-00029072": "try to get them out in the real fields and stuff but if you get chickens that are encased into a", "arBP_uk6Kl8-00042-00029072-00029920": "coop what kind of feed are you using and why uh i went with medicated as they're younger", "arBP_uk6Kl8-00043-00029920-00030560": "now they're a little bit past teenagers and now i'm gonna move to a crumble and also a a crumble", "arBP_uk6Kl8-00044-00030560-00031360": "that has uh miscellaneous things like corn in it stuff like that and uh also you're giving your", "arBP_uk6Kl8-00045-00031695-00032016": "chickens roughage or like stones or anything like that to help with the", "arBP_uk6Kl8-00046-00032016-00032432": "digestion i'd love to hear what combination of foods you're using", "arBP_uk6Kl8-00047-00032432-00032832": "i did a video earlier about the fact that we like to use hay instead of straw", "arBP_uk6Kl8-00048-00032968-00033680": "and uh anyway so in the comments below tell me what kind of feed you're using i have layer hands", "arBP_uk6Kl8-00049-00033752-00034368": "now meat chickens obviously they have some other high protein food to make them grow fast but uh", "arBP_uk6Kl8-00050-00034368-00035008": "i'm trying to avoid that and i'm trying to i'm just wondering if i this is not organic it's", "arBP_uk6Kl8-00051-00035008-00035760": "got additives to it is that good or bad um or is it just kind of to the opinion of the owners", "arBP_uk6Kl8-00052-00035840-00036296": "once again i just love to hear your comments below the other thing i did today i'm still building up", "arBP_uk6Kl8-00053-00036296-00037120": "my gas supply so i took it out already but uh do you store up a lot of gas for winter and uh the", "arBP_uk6Kl8-00054-00037120-00037632": "thing you're hearing in the background by the way is the wife is mowing the lawn again yes", "arBP_uk6Kl8-00055-00037632-00038184": "i would mow the line if she'd let me use the machine but she loves that thing so anyway uh", "arBP_uk6Kl8-00056-00038392-00039000": "when it comes to chicken feed what are you using why are you using it how are you saving money are", "arBP_uk6Kl8-00057-00039000-00039536": "you using medicated aren't you using medicated are you uh giving supplements to your chickens", "arBP_uk6Kl8-00058-00039592-00040224": "are you doing additives to the water uh love to hear you guys opinion about that to take the", "arBP_uk6Kl8-00059-00040224-00040808": "conversation a little farther about feed decided to come out here and show you the kind of crumble", "arBP_uk6Kl8-00060-00040808-00041720": "i bought that has corn and mixed nuts in it which i think is good for digestion but i'm not too", "arBP_uk6Kl8-00061-00041888-00042568": "it wasn't exactly what i thought it was getting and but i think that'll be good for instead of", "arBP_uk6Kl8-00062-00042568-00043448": "using the uh the grit uh so the new foot i bought is what i think is actually a crumble that looks", "arBP_uk6Kl8-00063-00043448-00044328": "like this and this has oyster shells in it and some other additives and uh that's where i kind of", "arBP_uk6Kl8-00064-00044328-00044872": "questioned medicated i wanted to start getting away from medication i wanted to do it whether", "arBP_uk6Kl8-00065-00044872-00045152": "young because it came out of state and stuff but i got really healthy chicken", "arBP_uk6Kl8-00066-00045376-00045872": "i don't think this is as nutritional if they're just eating that alone so i want to mix", "arBP_uk6Kl8-00067-00045976-00046584": "my natural poultry feed crumbles with this crumble and they called this a crumble too", "arBP_uk6Kl8-00068-00046640-00047208": "uh and i think that would be a really healthy diet so uh once again i'd love to hear your opinion", "arBP_uk6Kl8-00069-00047208-00047648": "what are you doing for your chickens so i'm gonna pour my 50 pound bag in here and try to mix this", "arBP_uk6Kl8-00070-00047648-00048328": "up a little bit and see how it goes this is a follow up on my mouse traps and so uh i told you i", "arBP_uk6Kl8-00071-00048328-00049096": "was going to make a few more so i got some by mart 5 gallon buckets for 269 a piece i thought that", "arBP_uk6Kl8-00072-00049096-00049712": "was a pretty good deal so i bought some extras and uh i bought two more of these rolling mouse traps", "arBP_uk6Kl8-00073-00049808-00050320": "and i just like how they work i mean you can make your own i understand anyway i'm gonna drill some", "arBP_uk6Kl8-00074-00050320-00050872": "holes and put those in i grabbed a couple of pieces of wood put a little clip at the end like", "arBP_uk6Kl8-00075-00050872-00051472": "so and then that way i could just set them right there in there and let the mice go up on the wrap", "arBP_uk6Kl8-00076-00051552-00051879": "and i'm going to put them in this garage because i know i got mice in here", "arBP_uk6Kl8-00077-00051879-00052367": "so let me get those installed throw some water in these and we'll set them up all right so there we", "arBP_uk6Kl8-00078-00052367-00052976": "go two traps right here just gotta add a little bit of water in these put my ramps up there put", "arBP_uk6Kl8-00079-00052976-00053432": "some peanut butter on them and we're set to go okay guys we got those loaded i used the ultimate", "arBP_uk6Kl8-00080-00053504-00054272": "bait skipping peanut butter and uh also forgot i needed to fill up the pool and the chocolate lab", "arBP_uk6Kl8-00081-00054272-00054967": "just can't wait so uh yeah lots of things going on i love it once again guys before i", "arBP_uk6Kl8-00082-00054967-00055496": "close this video don't forget to leave uh comments about your chickens and your thoughts of what", "arBP_uk6Kl8-00083-00055496-00056184": "you're going to do for your chicken or what you're doing today we'd appreciate it and uh", "arBP_uk6Kl8-00084-00056248-00056855": "uh those rollers i just showed you i got from amazon i put a link in the description below", "arBP_uk6Kl8-00085-00056928-00057384": "they're quite affordable and they work really well it's better than building them yourself and they", "arBP_uk6Kl8-00086-00057384-00058104": "fit the buckets perfect so there you go or make your own anyway guys i'm going to let you go thank", "arBP_uk6Kl8-00087-00058104-00058664": "you very much for watching please take the time to like and subscribe to our channel and share it", "arBP_uk6Kl8-00088-00058664-00059296": "all over uh we'd really appreciate it we are very humble that you're uh watching us and that you're", "arBP_uk6Kl8-00089-00059296-00060167": "uh become a subscriber and uh we really appreciate you so uh yeah guys stay in touch and make sure", "arBP_uk6Kl8-00090-00060167-00060840": "you say hello in the description talk to you later bye thank you very much for watching our video", "arBP_uk6Kl8-00091-00060840-00061784": "please take the time to like subscribe and share our videos all over the whole wide world thanks", "arBP_uk6Kl8-00092-00062600-00062608": "you"}}, {"audio_id": "arHq_3SUfBM", "text": {"arHq_3SUfBM-00000-00000064-00000736": "Exactly what i was expecting. Check out. And the letter is completely…", "arHq_3SUfBM-00001-00000736-00001016": "erased"}}, {"audio_id": "as162fGAOxg", "text": {"as162fGAOxg-00000-00000581-00001079": "Behind Diego's serious and cold face and under the mask of his admiration for punk and history", "as162fGAOxg-00001-00001079-00001627": "of wars, there was a very sensitive boy who could not express what he felt.", "as162fGAOxg-00002-00001627-00002569": "This inability was evident in his posture because people would always see him hunched", "as162fGAOxg-00003-00002569-00003150": "as if he was carrying a heavy weight of anguish on his shoulders.", "as162fGAOxg-00004-00003150-00003567": "Diego knew something was wrong but he couldn't identify it.", "as162fGAOxg-00005-00003567-00004001": "He went to see Swami Savashka, who advised him to meditate everyday under a waterfall.", "as162fGAOxg-00006-00004001-00005787": "Then he went to see Yamit, the spirits advisor, who told him to take a bath in champagne.", "as162fGAOxg-00007-00005787-00006269": "He went to see Ana, the constellations psychologist, who made him act in a play, representing himself", "as162fGAOxg-00008-00006269-00006390": "as the main star.", "as162fGAOxg-00009-00006390-00006763": "However, none of this freed him from his apparent burden.", "as162fGAOxg-00010-00006763-00007093": "One day, while he was walking, he felt anger and didn't know why.", "as162fGAOxg-00011-00007093-00007897": "Then he saw a bottle on the floor and decided to kick it When the bottle was in mid air,", "as162fGAOxg-00012-00007897-00008051": "Diego imagined it was a dove, flying freely.", "as162fGAOxg-00013-00008051-00008400": "Then his anger turned into hope, and moved by that noble emotion Diego said to all his", "as162fGAOxg-00014-00008400-00008640": "friends: \"I want to touch the horizon\".", "as162fGAOxg-00015-00008640-00009060": "That evening Diego felt light as a feather and he realized then the powerful effect that", "as162fGAOxg-00016-00009060-00009332": "expressing his emotions to all of his friends.", "as162fGAOxg-00017-00009332-00009535": "He had recently heard of Twitter.", "as162fGAOxg-00018-00009535-00010304": "He was told that it was a social network in which phrases up to 140 characters long could", "as162fGAOxg-00019-00010304-00010940": "be published, and other people could read them on the internet or on their mobile phones.", "as162fGAOxg-00020-00010940-00011546": "Diego opened an account on Twitter without a second thought, and wrote about the emotion", "as162fGAOxg-00021-00011546-00012075": "filling him that day \"Hope: I wanna touch the horizon\".", "as162fGAOxg-00022-00012075-00012389": "The next day Diego got up in a good mood.", "as162fGAOxg-00023-00012389-00012800": "He took a shower, decided to suit up and left for work.", "as162fGAOxg-00024-00012800-00013210": "Unlike the previous days, he was smiling in the meetings.", "as162fGAOxg-00025-00013210-00013316": "In fact, he felt happy.", "as162fGAOxg-00026-00013316-00013963": "So he took out his mobile and wrote on Twitter: \"Happiness: it's cool to be a yuppie\".", "as162fGAOxg-00027-00013963-00014447": "And then he continued twitting his emotions every day: \"Anger: I would actually kick a", "as162fGAOxg-00028-00014447-00014935": "pigeon today\", \"lust: choke on sushi\", and other phrases that summarized how he felt", "as162fGAOxg-00029-00014935-00015035": "that day.", "as162fGAOxg-00030-00015035-00015202": "The liberating effect this had was impressive.", "as162fGAOxg-00031-00015202-00015883": "Every time he wrote one of his phrases, it seemed like he levitated for a moment.", "as162fGAOxg-00032-00015883-00016252": "Twitter has more than 500 million registered users, so it is not surprising that in a matter", "as162fGAOxg-00033-00016252-00016500": "of days Diego had reached 1000 followers with his peculiar twits.", "as162fGAOxg-00034-00016500-00017020": "As people retwitted his witticisms, more and more people got interested in what Diego wrote.", "as162fGAOxg-00035-00017020-00017209": "Social networks offer many possibilities.", "as162fGAOxg-00036-00017209-00017750": "Inspired by Diego's idea, Swami Savashka began publishing his dreams in Facebook; Yamit began", "as162fGAOxg-00037-00017750-00018367": "drawing his feelings and he set up a gallery on Pinterest; and Ana the psychologist felt", "as162fGAOxg-00038-00018367-00018706": "so inspired by Diego's illumination that she wrote a book about him.", "as162fGAOxg-00039-00018706-00019107": "The book became famous and Diego started travelling around the world to tell his story.", "as162fGAOxg-00040-00019107-00019488": "Perhaps the most enriching part of this experience is that Diego finally managed to take his", "as162fGAOxg-00041-00019488-00019729": "emotions from the screen to the daily life.", "as162fGAOxg-00042-00019729-00020035": "Of course, one always has to look how far can one go."}}, {"audio_id": "asA_c5LmmFY", "text": {"asA_c5LmmFY-00000-00000392-00001623": "i made a lot of mistakes when i was young and child i think if you succeed every mistakes", "asA_c5LmmFY-00001-00001623-00002440": "become a legendary if you feel that's just a garbage i think everybody has great stories", "asA_c5LmmFY-00002-00002592-00003272": "everybody has a lot of mistakes everybody have a lot of problems but very few people", "asA_c5LmmFY-00003-00003344-00003968": "listen to you one day when you become successful people listen to you say wow", "asA_c5LmmFY-00004-00004079-00004504": "you're great i'm not that great i was born in a normal family", "asA_c5LmmFY-00005-00004720-00004872": "and i'm not good at schooling", "asA_c5LmmFY-00006-00005032-00005592": "of course i tried to study hard but as a boy you know my school was not that good at that time", "asA_c5LmmFY-00007-00005784-00006400": "i failed looking for jobs looking for joining university joining good schools", "asA_c5LmmFY-00008-00006536-00007231": "but i never give up and i think there's one thing i learned is that", "asA_c5LmmFY-00009-00007559-00008408": "why why you should have a chance to be successful everybody should get used to be get used to", "asA_c5LmmFY-00010-00008408-00009088": "fail but not get used to be accepted by other people why other people should help you", "asA_c5LmmFY-00011-00009184-00010040": "you should earn the right to be helped so the thing i learned is that don't", "asA_c5LmmFY-00012-00010040-00011384": "give up my opportunity has not come yet when everybody complained that is the opportunity", "asA_c5LmmFY-00013-00011968-00012018": "you"}}, {"audio_id": "atvkMKzGNmM", "text": {"atvkMKzGNmM-00001-00007359-00007520": "*Not a location"}}, {"audio_id": "atDYH2PXHEE", "text": {"atDYH2PXHEE-00000-00000002-00000558": "Hi, I'm Eddy, I am the founder of RegenerACT, which is a collective of", "atDYH2PXHEE-00001-00000558-00001100": "facilitators towards social and environmental regeneration.", "atDYH2PXHEE-00002-00001500-00002117": "We work in:  - the individual development,", "atDYH2PXHEE-00003-00003740-00004139": "- in the resilience of collectives,", "atDYH2PXHEE-00004-00005620-00006016": "and in the Earth care."}}, {"audio_id": "atNOhzNQ4u8", "text": {"atNOhzNQ4u8-00000-00000053-00000554": "“Will the unicorn be willing to serve thee, or abide by thy crib?”", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00001-00000554-00000793": "Is this a line from some fantasy novel?", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00002-00000793-00001117": "No, it's a verse from the King James Bible.", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00003-00001117-00001401": "But what does it actually mean?", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00004-00001401-00001560": "Stay tuned and find out.", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00006-00002372-00002775": "Today I will be looking at unicorns in the bible as a lighthearted way of explaining", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00007-00002775-00003334": "why I don't recommend the King James Version of the bible for serious theological study.", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00008-00003334-00003780": "Before I dive in, I want to say I have no problem with anyone who wants to use the King", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00009-00003780-00003880": "James.", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00010-00003880-00004315": "If you like the language it uses for casual reading, great.", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00011-00004315-00004771": "The best bible translation is always the one you'll actually read.", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00012-00004771-00005253": "What I do have a problem with is people who claim the King James is the best translation", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00013-00005253-00005837": "or worse claim that it is directly inspired by God and the only valid translation.", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00014-00005837-00006321": "These claims simply have no intellectual basis, and in reality there are far more accurate", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00015-00006321-00006651": "translations available today.", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00016-00006651-00007095": "The word unicorn appears nine times in the King James Bible, which I'll put in a pinned", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00017-00007095-00007342": "comment for reference.", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00018-00007342-00007786": "Most of the verses are metaphors and so don't necessarily create a problem if the Bible", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00019-00007786-00008020": "refers to a mythical animal.", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00020-00008020-00008657": "Others, such as Isaiah 34:7 seem to be describing a real animal, however:", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00021-00008657-00009075": "And the unicorns shall come down with them, and the bullocks with the bulls, and their", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00022-00009075-00009578": "land shall be soaked with blood, and their dust made fat with fatness.", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00023-00009578-00009975": "People committed to the inerrancy of King James who are aware of the this problem will", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00024-00009975-00010500": "often point to the 1828 Webster's dictionary that shows unicorn could refer to the Asian", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00025-00010500-00010692": "rhinoceros at the time.", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00026-00010692-00011267": "An 1828 American dictionary is not exactly a valid source for the meaning of a word in", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00027-00011267-00012023": "1611 Great Britain, but checking a valid source does indeed show the usage was known.", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00028-00012023-00012470": "The Oxford English dictionary records a 1398 source which reads:", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00029-00012470-00013362": "[In] that londe be-eth..the rynocerota that is the vnicorne, a beste with oon horne.", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00030-00013362-00013813": "Let's assume for the moment that is actually what the King James means.", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00031-00013813-00014468": "This brings me to the first, and in my opinion most serious objection to using the King James:", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00032-00014468-00014855": "words have changed in meaning since 1611.", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00033-00014855-00015429": "Unicorn could possibly refer to a rhinoceros in 1611, but it definitely can't today.", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00034-00015429-00015918": "Archaic words simply can be looked up in dictionary if needed, but words with changed meaning", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00035-00015918-00016262": "will fool the modern reader every time.", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00036-00016262-00016762": "Even if the King James was 100% faithful to the original languages, it didn't mean the", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00037-00016762-00017165": "same thing in 1611 as you might think it means today.", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00038-00017165-00017801": "In the case of unicorns, this is a minor oddity the reader will likely skim over, but there", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00039-00017801-00018334": "are around 400 similar words with changed meanings and some can cause serious theological", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00040-00018334-00018545": "misunderstandings.", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00041-00018545-00019075": "For example, Genesis 1:28 commands mankind to “Be fruitful, and multiply, and replenish", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00042-00019075-00019362": "the earth, and subdue it.”", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00043-00019362-00019733": "This has caused some to think that creation was refilling an Earth that had previous inhabitants", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00044-00019733-00020076": "due to the modern meaning of replenish.", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00045-00020076-00020809": "However in 1611, the word simply meant to fill, just as most modern translations use.", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00046-00020809-00021309": "Now returning to the question of what the King James translators actually meant.", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00047-00021309-00021937": "Edward Topsell's History of Four-Footed Beasts written in 1607 gives us a pretty good idea.", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00048-00021937-00022473": "At the time, people had no reason to believe the unicorn was not a real animal.", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00049-00022473-00022959": "Topsell describes it as rare, but unquestionably a real animal, using the scripture and other", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00050-00022959-00023222": "written accounts as proof.", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00051-00023222-00023775": "He does consider that the Hebrew re'em could mean rhinoceros, but rejects that possibility", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00052-00023775-00023875": "writing:", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00053-00023875-00024378": "“We have shewed already in the story of the rhinocerot, that Reem in Hebrew signifieth", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00054-00024378-00024967": "a unicorn, although Munster be of another opinion, yet the Septuagints in the translation", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00055-00024967-00025067": "of Deut.", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00056-00025067-00025769": "33 do translate it a unicorn, for the rhinocerot hath not one horn, but two.”", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00057-00025769-00026319": "He then lists multiple scholars and Rabbis who agree with the translation of unicorn.", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00058-00026319-00026675": "More on the Hebrew and Septuagint later.", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00059-00026675-00027063": "But where did the King James translators get this idea?", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00060-00027063-00027537": "Let's take a brief look at the the history of the King James Translation.", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00061-00027537-00028049": "Shortly after being ordained, James organized for an updated translation of the Bible.", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00062-00028049-00028622": "A number of motives were at play, including correcting errors in previous translations,", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00063-00028622-00029194": "updating language, making a version that supported the Church of England's view of church structure,", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00064-00029194-00029633": "and wanting to remove the Geneva Bible, whose marginal notes were deemed offensive to the", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00065-00029633-00029908": "Church of England, from common usage.", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00066-00029908-00030618": "In the end 47 scholars were chosen for the task, all members of the Church of England.", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00067-00030618-00031049": "The Bishops' Bible, which was the official Bible of the English church, was used as the", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00068-00031049-00031235": "base text.", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00069-00031235-00031714": "The translators also consulted numerous English and foreign editions of the Bible, but not", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00070-00031714-00031991": "any original manuscripts.", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00071-00031991-00032358": "In the end, most of the Bishops reading were retained.", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00072-00032358-00032822": "Where changes were made, the text was most often changed to that of the Geneva Bible,", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00073-00032822-00033327": "but readings were also taken from various versions including the Douy-Rheims and Latin", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00074-00033327-00033427": "Vulgate.", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00075-00033427-00033853": "I mention these specifically because King James only advocates sometimes try to claim", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00076-00033853-00034381": "that all other versions are Catholic conspiracies, when in actuality the King James translators", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00077-00034381-00035022": "were the ones making the text “more Catholic” if such a thing even makes sense.", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00078-00035022-00035582": "This was done despite explicit instructions not to consult these translations.", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00079-00035582-00036081": "This brings me to my second reason for not thinking the King James is inspired: it is", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00080-00036081-00036575": "largely identical to the Bishops' Bible but also takes readings from many other English", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00081-00036575-00037055": "versions, as well as features it own new readings in some places.", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00082-00037055-00037641": "If the King James was directly inspired, that would mean the Bishops Bible is 80 percent,", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00083-00037641-00038244": "or whatever percent, inspired and the Geneva Bible is 5% inspired and so on.", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00084-00038244-00038726": "Plus the motives for its creation were clearly political, which does not exactly inspire", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00085-00038726-00039091": "confidence in it being of divine origin.", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00086-00039091-00039627": "Looking at the word unicorn specifically, we can see all the passages, with one exception", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00087-00039627-00040069": "I will come back to later, came directly from the Bishops Bible of 1568.", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00088-00040069-00040654": "Incidentally, the Bishops Bible was brought about to counter the Geneva Bible because", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00089-00040654-00041023": "it was seen as supporting Calvinism.", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00090-00041023-00041574": "The Bishops Bible in turn was based heavily on the Great Bible of 1539.", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00091-00041574-00041990": "The Great Bible itself was commissioned as the first official bible of the Church of", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00092-00041990-00042581": "England to replace the Tyndale New Testament which had been banned for its use of “offense", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00093-00042581-00042738": "language and notes.”", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00094-00042738-00043252": "Ironically, the Great Bible took much of its text from Tyndale.", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00095-00043252-00043719": "Tracing backwards, we see unicorn at every step.", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00096-00043719-00044197": "Tyndale's translation was indeed a fresh English translation not based on any existing English", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00097-00044197-00044349": "text.", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00098-00044349-00044884": "He was heavily influenced by Luther's German Bible and the Latin Vulgate.", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00099-00044884-00045405": "Luther's Bible uses Einhorn, the German word for unicorn, while the Vulgate varies.", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00100-00045405-00046077": "In about half the passages it uses rinoceros and half unicornis, which simply meant one-horned", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00101-00046077-00046362": "at the time of its composition.", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00102-00046362-00046777": "The Vulgate was mostly translated form the original Hebrew.", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00103-00046777-00047325": "Luther himself mostly based his translation on the Septuagint, which reads monokeros in", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00104-00047325-00047552": "all but one place.", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00105-00047552-00048265": "The other uses a generic term for mighty one, not identifying a specific animal.", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00106-00048265-00048878": "Monokeros simply means one-horned and does not necessary refer to a specific animal.", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00107-00048878-00049400": "So we can see we have some combination of Tyndale, Luther, and the Septuagint as bearing", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00108-00049400-00049761": "most of the blame for the unicorn translation.", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00109-00049761-00050163": "But what about the exception I mentioned early?", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00110-00050163-00050649": "This brings me to my third reason for thinking the King James is not the best translation:", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00111-00050649-00051369": "in some cases they introduced errors that were not seen in any previous translations.", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00112-00051369-00052028": "Deuteronomy 33:17 reads “His glory is like the firstling of his bullock, And his horns", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00113-00052028-00052307": "are like the horns of unicorns.”", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00114-00052307-00052882": "That sound innocent enough, but when we read the Bishops Bible “His first born ox hath", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00115-00052882-00053358": "beauty, and his horns are as the horns of an unicorn.”", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00116-00053358-00053566": "Notice the difference?", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00117-00053566-00054098": "Unicorn is singular in the Bishops' and indeed all previous English translations, but the", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00118-00054098-00054403": "King James makes it plural.", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00119-00054403-00054914": "Looking at the Hebrew, horns is plural and the animal is singular, so the King James", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00120-00054914-00055146": "is simply wrong here.", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00121-00055146-00055602": "The translators apparently thought that Scripture was in error and so intentionally changed", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00122-00055602-00056159": "it to read unicorns to “match” the multiple horns.", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00123-00056159-00056625": "This is unambiguously an error on the translators part and obscures the hint that the animal", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00124-00056625-00057389": "could not possibly be the one-horned horse, or even a rhinoceros.", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00125-00057389-00058027": "Which brings us to our final question, what does the Hebrew word, that is re'em, actually", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00126-00058027-00058171": "mean?", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00127-00058171-00058626": "From Deuteronomy we can see the re'em has multiple horns.", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00128-00058626-00059145": "Multiple passages describe it as an animal of great strength and associate it with danger.", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00129-00059145-00059665": "In two places, it is closely associated with cattle.", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00130-00059665-00060033": "That's the extent of the Biblical data and just about all the King James translators", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00131-00060033-00060267": "had to go on.", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00132-00060267-00060811": "And that leads me to my final and most obvious reason not to use the King James: we've learned", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00133-00060811-00061200": "a lot in the last 400 years.", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00134-00061200-00061696": "In 1611, Biblical Hebrew was essentially a dead language and other languages of the Ancient", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00135-00061696-00062052": "Near East were barely known at all.", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00136-00062052-00062483": "Since then immense amounts of research have been done on Biblical Hebrew and we've discovered", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00137-00062483-00062991": "tens of thousands of tablets that have brought to life Ugaritic, Akkadian, and other close", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00138-00062991-00063213": "cousins of Hebrew.", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00139-00063213-00063689": "The King James translators did an admirable job with what they had available to them,", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00140-00063689-00064242": "but we simply have much better information available today.", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00141-00064242-00064589": "So what does re'em mean?", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00142-00064589-00065119": "We have close cognates in Akkadian, Syriac, and Ugaritic, and scholars are now are confident", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00143-00065119-00065713": "that the animal in question is the aurochs, a large wild cattle species that went extinct", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00144-00065713-00065848": "in the middle ages.", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00145-00065848-00066454": "As such, nearly all modern translations use “wild ox” or something very similar for", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00146-00066454-00066726": "the passages in question.", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00147-00066726-00067304": "But cattle have two horns, so how did the Septuagint and Vulgate come to describe one-horned", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00148-00067304-00067489": "animals.", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00149-00067489-00067737": "The image on the screen will help explain.", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00150-00067737-00068160": "Here we see a hunting scene from Ninevah made around 700 BC.", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00151-00068160-00068667": "The animal in the center is the aurochs, depicted in profile with one horn.", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00152-00068667-00069104": "On the ground we see a second aurochs, also with one horn.", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00153-00069104-00069321": "And this image is hardly unique.", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00154-00069321-00069674": "Here is another image, this one from Babylon.", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00155-00069674-00069970": "Note the extremely similar horn shape.", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00156-00069970-00070357": "And finally some clay tablets from Assyria.", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00157-00070357-00070787": "These and many similar depictions of the animal show that there was an artistic convention", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00158-00070787-00071129": "that normally pictured it with one horn.", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00159-00071129-00071561": "Likely what happened is the Greek and later Latin translators were unsure of the exact", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00160-00071561-00072110": "animal meant – translation of animal names is notoriously difficult - or lacked a specific", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00161-00072110-00072219": "word for the aurochs.", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00162-00072219-00072886": "Either way, they knew it was typical shown as a one-horned cattle.", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00163-00072886-00073324": "Possibly “the one-horn” was even a common nickname of the animal.", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00164-00073324-00073799": "As such, the translators chose to call it the one-horn.", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00165-00073799-00074348": "As the species grew rare and memory faded, the meaning of the translation was forgotten.", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00166-00074348-00074851": "When legends of the unicorn arose in later times, people read that horned horse back", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00167-00074851-00075350": "into the text, a meaning that was never actually there.", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00168-00075350-00075745": "If you enjoyed this video and would like to see more videos examining the Bible in its", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00169-00075745-00076255": "original languages, hit that subscribe button and comment below with any questions you'd", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00170-00076255-00076487": "like to see addressed.", "atNOhzNQ4u8-00171-00076487-00076569": "Thanks for watching."}}, {"audio_id": "au6eDvrYl6Y", "text": {"au6eDvrYl6Y-00000-00000410-00001389": "You're a tiny Mouse- Eat food to grow!", "au6eDvrYl6Y-00001-00001929-00002581": "See the illustration at https://youtu.be/QfNfREVSPwU to learn more about new Mope.io alert boxes.", "au6eDvrYl6Y-00002-00026721-00027068": "You're covered in mud! Mud slows you down.", "au6eDvrYl6Y-00003-00031891-00032273": "Oh noh, you're sweating. Go drink loads of water!", "au6eDvrYl6Y-00004-00032623-00032939": "Oh noh, you're sweating. Go drink loads of water!", "au6eDvrYl6Y-00005-00033989-00034389": "The Aloe lets you sanitize and heal faster!", "au6eDvrYl6Y-00006-00047333-00047649": "You're covered in mud! Mud slows you down.", "au6eDvrYl6Y-00007-00048843-00052621": "SFTCP3 - The most popular guy who was doing remixes!", "au6eDvrYl6Y-00008-00054104-00054567": "A wave has swept you away!", "au6eDvrYl6Y-00009-00054977-00055251": "Oh no, you were eaten! Watch out of red-circled players!"}}, {"audio_id": "aur8PGJ2m9y", "text": {"aur8PGJ2m9y-00000-00000060-00000260": "Dark and brooding edgy boys.", "aur8PGJ2m9y-00001-00000266-00000806": "Rioters are, believe it or not, one of the more mysterious \"factions\" in the game", "aur8PGJ2m9y-00002-00000806-00001212": "Who are they? Who is their leader? And how many Alex's are there?", "aur8PGJ2m9y-00003-00001392-00001544": "Rioter: \"They got Alex!\"", "aur8PGJ2m9y-00004-00001664-00001750": "Rioter: \"They got Alex!\"", "aur8PGJ2m9y-00005-00001807-00001904": "Rioter: \"They got Alex!\"", "aur8PGJ2m9y-00006-00001928-00002023": "Rioter: \"They got Alex!\"", "aur8PGJ2m9y-00007-00002023-00002112": "Rioter: \"Got Alex!\"", "aur8PGJ2m9y-00008-00002112-00002198": "Rioter: \"Got Alex!\"", "aur8PGJ2m9y-00009-00002198-00002352": "Rioter: \"Alex!\"", "aur8PGJ2m9y-00010-00002352-00002552": "Anyway, let's get into it.", "aur8PGJ2m9y-00011-00002580-00003614": "♪ Intro Music ♪", "aur8PGJ2m9y-00012-00003652-00004106": "Before starting, let me mention that there isn't a whole lot of information on the Rioters,", "aur8PGJ2m9y-00013-00004114-00004348": "so don't come in with big expectations.", "aur8PGJ2m9y-00014-00004348-00004534": "But there is some interesting information out there.", "aur8PGJ2m9y-00015-00004562-00005200": "Rioters are groups of common, ordinary citizens turned thugs, who have responded to the breakdown of society.", "aur8PGJ2m9y-00016-00005216-00005616": "They aren't necessarily an organized faction, as they don't have a leader.", "aur8PGJ2m9y-00017-00005616-00006018": "As they more so consist of separate gangs led by an individual leader.", "aur8PGJ2m9y-00018-00006022-00006278": "For example: Hutch or Five-O.", "aur8PGJ2m9y-00019-00006278-00006740": "They're more of a loose collection of individuals and have enemies in all factions.", "aur8PGJ2m9y-00020-00006762-00007042": "The lack of leadership is noticeable, though.", "aur8PGJ2m9y-00021-00007150-00007476": "Rioter 1: \"Regroup was 20 minutes ago.  What took you so long?\"", "aur8PGJ2m9y-00022-00007486-00007944": "Rioter 2: *Panting* \"Sorry man, I ran into some trouble and I had to take a detour.\"", "aur8PGJ2m9y-00023-00007959-00008108": "Rioter 1: \"So, what'd you bring back?\"", "aur8PGJ2m9y-00024-00008108-00008506": "Rioter 2: \"I-I got nothing. There were too many, man. I just dropped it and run.\"", "aur8PGJ2m9y-00025-00008534-00008658": "Rioter 1: \"Nothing.\"", "aur8PGJ2m9y-00026-00008684-00008918": "\"You think this is some kind of wellfare gig?", "aur8PGJ2m9y-00027-00008948-00009330": "\"You think we put our asses on the line, so you can get protection and a free meal?\"", "aur8PGJ2m9y-00028-00009330-00009646": "Rioter 2: \"Uhm... nah, I'm sorry.", "aur8PGJ2m9y-00029-00009646-00010084": "Rioter 1: \"Get your shit together or you're gonna find out what it's like to be from the outside looking in.", "aur8PGJ2m9y-00030-00010090-00010416": "\"Got no room for dead weight. That's your last warning.\"", "aur8PGJ2m9y-00031-00010550-00010912": "They dress in basic clothing, like jeans and hoodies,", "aur8PGJ2m9y-00032-00010912-00011242": "often completed with a bandana in front of the mouth and nose.", "aur8PGJ2m9y-00033-00011266-00011928": "Besides that, the different classes: Lurkers, Dare Devils, Bruisers, Lookouts, Heavies and Sprayers...", "aur8PGJ2m9y-00034-00011928-00012162": "have relatively low-tier weaponry.", "aur8PGJ2m9y-00035-00012162-00012872": "From the low caliber pistols to simple carbine snipers or an RPK-74 at best.", "aur8PGJ2m9y-00036-00012872-00013188": "All and all, they can be considered the weakest faction,", "aur8PGJ2m9y-00037-00013213-00013462": "but this doesn't mean they aren't a threat.", "aur8PGJ2m9y-00038-00013490-00014013": "Their belief is that the Green Poison brought back an unwritten rule of nature:  survival of the fittest.", "aur8PGJ2m9y-00039-00014028-00014262": "Meaning that they will do anything to survive.", "aur8PGJ2m9y-00040-00014276-00014674": "Some have some amazing dreams too, like eating steak.", "aur8PGJ2m9y-00041-00014790-00015140": "Rioter 1: \"So...? Whatcha gonna do? When this is all over I mean.\"", "aur8PGJ2m9y-00042-00015140-00015462": "Rioter 2: \"Uhh... I'm getting me a sweet ride and just role west.\"", "aur8PGJ2m9y-00043-00015462-00016074": "\"And when I get to Cali, I'm gonna find me a nice piece of ass and show him how we do it eastcoast-style.\"", "aur8PGJ2m9y-00044-00016090-00016704": "Rioter 1: \"Oh man, you could totally do that. Or that chick from the movie... the one with cars.\"", "aur8PGJ2m9y-00045-00016704-00017250": "Rioter 2: \"Oh-ho, yeah, he'd appreciate a fine car and the fine lady driving it.\"", "aur8PGJ2m9y-00046-00017250-00017600": "\"I just roll up, like: yo baby, I'll take you places.\"", "aur8PGJ2m9y-00047-00017604-00017842": "Rioter 1: \"He-hey, that's sweet.\"", "aur8PGJ2m9y-00048-00017854-00018090": "\"Me? I just want steak.\"", "aur8PGJ2m9y-00049-00018090-00018210": "Rioter 2: \"That's all you got?\"", "aur8PGJ2m9y-00050-00018210-00018580": "\"All the dreams in the world and all you got is steak?\"", "aur8PGJ2m9y-00051-00018580-00018730": "Rioter 1: \"I like steak.\"", "aur8PGJ2m9y-00052-00018838-00019222": "In order to get what they want, Rioters do about anything they want.", "aur8PGJ2m9y-00053-00019222-00019786": "This is seen as they are terrorizing unarmed citizens,  but also in oppossing the JTF.", "aur8PGJ2m9y-00054-00019824-00020500": "It starts in Brooklyn's Precincts Siege, where the Rioters have taken control of the NYPD police station...", "aur8PGJ2m9y-00055-00020514-00020766": "and locked up policemen and -women.", "aur8PGJ2m9y-00056-00020778-00021344": "We, as part of the second wave of the SHD, came in, freed the officers, defeated their Leader - Ripper...", "aur8PGJ2m9y-00057-00021344-00021568": "and got rid of the rest of the Rioters.", "aur8PGJ2m9y-00058-00021622-00022170": "Moving on to Manhattan, we're setting up the FOB or Forward Operating Base.", "aur8PGJ2m9y-00059-00022170-00022404": "Better known as our Base of Operations.", "aur8PGJ2m9y-00060-00022404-00022780": "Here a small group of Rioters, under the command of their leader: Poole...", "aur8PGJ2m9y-00061-00022796-00023408": "are attacking the JTF. Poole, by the way, was a special Lurker, as he carried an L86 LSW.", "aur8PGJ2m9y-00062-00023416-00023774": "Which makes him more of a unique character in the game.", "aur8PGJ2m9y-00063-00023790-00024278": "Our job was to stop them and fire up the Base of Operations. Which we did.", "aur8PGJ2m9y-00064-00024306-00024716": "Following this event, the JTF were leaving the Madison Square Garden.", "aur8PGJ2m9y-00065-00024728-00024944": "The Rioters saw this as an opportunity.", "aur8PGJ2m9y-00066-00025076-00025386": "Rioter 1: \"Hey, pack your stuff. We're going to the Garden.\"", "aur8PGJ2m9y-00067-00025386-00025680": "Rioter 2: \"What? I thought that place was locked out.\"", "aur8PGJ2m9y-00068-00025680-00025783": "Rioter 1: \"Not anymore.\"", "aur8PGJ2m9y-00069-00025812-00026277": "\"JTF pulling out. Everybody's getting together and we're gonna take the place over.\"", "aur8PGJ2m9y-00070-00026277-00026545": "\"So pack your shit, man. You don't wanna get left behind.\"", "aur8PGJ2m9y-00071-00026545-00026754": "Rioter 2: \"Ah, holy shit. Is this real?\"", "aur8PGJ2m9y-00072-00026754-00026877": "Rioter 1: \"Oh, hell yeah!\"", "aur8PGJ2m9y-00073-00026877-00027288": "\"And you better sack up this time. I can't cover for you, if you won't pull the trigger.", "aur8PGJ2m9y-00074-00027288-00027386": "\"Not again.\"", "aur8PGJ2m9y-00075-00027386-00027460": "Rioter 2: \"All right.", "aur8PGJ2m9y-00076-00027468-00028070": "Rioter 1: \"And that goes for anyone who gives you trouble. Cops, JTF, civilians... anyone.", "aur8PGJ2m9y-00077-00028112-00028382": "\"They get in your way? They gone.\"", "aur8PGJ2m9y-00078-00028500-00029072": "We needed to rescue dr. Kendal and other CERA staff at a Madison Field Hospital mission.", "aur8PGJ2m9y-00079-00029094-00029439": "The Madison Square Garden was turned into a hospital by the JTF.", "aur8PGJ2m9y-00080-00029472-00030020": "Kendal and the other CERA workers were on their shift, when it got taken over by Rioters.", "aur8PGJ2m9y-00081-00030036-00030498": "They held Kendal and her crew hostage,  because they needed a doctor for their own people.", "aur8PGJ2m9y-00082-00030539-00031182": "This eventually led to a showdown with their gang leader - Hutch - on top of the roof of the Madison Square Garden.", "aur8PGJ2m9y-00083-00031248-00031888": "After defeating them here, the final organized mission, with an absolutely insane number of Rioters,", "aur8PGJ2m9y-00084-00031898-00032136": "was at the Lincoln Tunnel Checkpoint.", "aur8PGJ2m9y-00085-00032172-00032482": "Cpt. Benitez, later to be called chief of security,", "aur8PGJ2m9y-00086-00032494-00033036": "was managing this checkpoint as it functioned and still functions as a supply base for the JTF", "aur8PGJ2m9y-00087-00033036-00033286": "to get food, medicine and weapons.", "aur8PGJ2m9y-00088-00033306-00033718": "It is the main supply base as it's the only checkpoint leading out of Manhattan.", "aur8PGJ2m9y-00089-00033742-00034332": "However, the checkpoint was besieged by Finch, the leader of the Rioters at that time, and his armed gang.", "aur8PGJ2m9y-00090-00034339-00034808": "Their goal was to destroy the floodgate, which would cut off the supply line.", "aur8PGJ2m9y-00091-00034808-00034958": "After their failed attempt, though,", "aur8PGJ2m9y-00092-00034984-00035500": "they shot down the entrance with an RPG, as they stormed the building with a few dozen enemies...", "aur8PGJ2m9y-00093-00035510-00035742": "in order to retrieve the supplies behind the walls.", "aur8PGJ2m9y-00094-00035742-00035874": "Not successfully, though.", "aur8PGJ2m9y-00095-00035874-00036434": "Because after that, Finch, a Lookout, was taken out. Which ended the Rioters' last operation.", "aur8PGJ2m9y-00096-00036472-00036844": "Though the JTF has beaten the Rioters time and time again,", "aur8PGJ2m9y-00097-00036844-00037156": "the Rioters are even more scared of another faction", "aur8PGJ2m9y-00098-00037244-00037396": "Rioter 1: \"What the hell happened out there?\"", "aur8PGJ2m9y-00099-00037396-00037602": "Rioter 2: \"The whole city has gone nuts.\"", "aur8PGJ2m9y-00100-00037630-00037834": "\"I thought I had this group of kids locked down,", "aur8PGJ2m9y-00101-00037856-00038124": "pulled up behind them and put the gun right in their faces.\"", "aur8PGJ2m9y-00102-00038134-00038510": "But, instead of handing everything over, the freakin' drew on me.\"", "aur8PGJ2m9y-00103-00038510-00039070": "\"I almost got away, but then this other kid jumps down from a fire escape and hits me in the face with a bat.\"", "aur8PGJ2m9y-00104-00039070-00039438": "Rioter 1: \"Yeah, I think you some teeth.\"", "aur8PGJ2m9y-00105-00039450-00039990": "Rioter 2: \"Unbelievable. How are we supposed to make it when even kids go around with guns and baseball bats?", "aur8PGJ2m9y-00106-00039990-00040238": "\"What kind of sick world are we living in?\"", "aur8PGJ2m9y-00107-00040272-00040868": "Besides this, the Rioters haven't really been active, as they simply weren't strong enough to oppose the JTF.", "aur8PGJ2m9y-00108-00040880-00041302": "Of course, in the HVT missions and the free roam area, including the Light Zone,", "aur8PGJ2m9y-00109-00041302-00041564": "they were still lurking around.", "aur8PGJ2m9y-00110-00041570-00042060": "Naming them would be too much, but some can be recognized. Like Five-O, Fray and Strings.", "aur8PGJ2m9y-00111-00042080-00042654": "Besides that, Rioters also appear in the Dark Zone, as this lawless area is perfect for them.", "aur8PGJ2m9y-00112-00042654-00043416": "If you don't know, they are most prominent in DZ01 and DZ02, with a few bosses ranging up to DZ03 and DZ04.", "aur8PGJ2m9y-00113-00043432-00043766": "If you ever need it for the Daily Dark Zone Assignment.", "aur8PGJ2m9y-00114-00043766-00044012": "And with that, we're at the end of the video already.", "aur8PGJ2m9y-00115-00044018-00044502": "In my opinion, Rioters are an interesting and logical faction...", "aur8PGJ2m9y-00116-00044502-00044798": "or collection of individuals to be in a post pandemic New York.", "aur8PGJ2m9y-00117-00044798-00045112": "Massive Entertainment was smart to mainly put them at the start of the game,", "aur8PGJ2m9y-00118-00045112-00045598": "since it doesn't make sense to have amazingly powerful enemies with simple gear and outfits.", "aur8PGJ2m9y-00119-00045648-00045904": "But, I want to know what is your opinion on the Rioters?", "aur8PGJ2m9y-00120-00045904-00046088": "Do you like them? Or don't you?", "aur8PGJ2m9y-00121-00046088-00046420": "Do you agree with their point of view? Or lies your heart with another faction?", "aur8PGJ2m9y-00122-00046440-00046770": "Let me know in the comments down below. And with that I'm leaving you.", "aur8PGJ2m9y-00123-00046790-00046966": "Peace out"}}]