[{"audio_id": "fRDRYIm5UH4", "text": {"fRDRYIm5UH4-00000-00003700-00003900": "The fight for college building goes on for several hours by now.", "fRDRYIm5UH4-00001-00004000-00004300": "The attack is complicated by lots of militants and mutual fire coverage system.", "fRDRYIm5UH4-00002-00004400-00005100": "A lot of militant firing points are situated in all of nearby buildings", "fRDRYIm5UH4-00003-00005200-00005600": "which are used to fire upon the armoured vehicles and the attacking infantry units.", "fRDRYIm5UH4-00004-00006100-00006700": "Several militant positions are spotted in a building to the left of the college.", "fRDRYIm5UH4-00005-00006800-00007100": "One of the tanks departs to strike upon them from the rear.", "fRDRYIm5UH4-00006-00008700-00009400": "Intelligence has reported that a group of militants creeps underground from the nearby house towards the tank", "fRDRYIm5UH4-00007-00009500-00009800": "and has crept up close already. Their task is to blow up the tank apparently.", "fRDRYIm5UH4-00008-00009900-00010400": "Tankmen get the target and fire upon the place where the terrorists are underground.", "fRDRYIm5UH4-00009-00013000-00013400": "Explosive devices that are with the militants detonate and the tunnel is ruined completely.", "fRDRYIm5UH4-00010-00014100-00014600": "Dust from the tunnel gets out through asphalt and even through the windows of the building where it starts.", "fRDRYIm5UH4-00011-00015600-00016300": "The explosion is so powerful that the shockwave throws the gun to the side and turns the tank's turret.", "fRDRYIm5UH4-00012-00016400-00017200": "The crew wasn't harmed fortunately and the terrorists were lucky to save upon their own burial.", "fRDRYIm5UH4-00013-00019600-00020000": "Militants have started firing from teacher tower again.", "fRDRYIm5UH4-00014-00020100-00020700": "They get greetings from artillery men as soon as they uncover themselves.", "fRDRYIm5UH4-00015-00022000-00022500": "Artillery men don't forget to entertain the militants at the rear as well.", "fRDRYIm5UH4-00016-00023500-00023700": "The fight goes on.", "fRDRYIm5UH4-00017-00024400-00024700": "Al Qaeda has forbidden its field commanders to retreat.", "fRDRYIm5UH4-00018-00024800-00025100": "And as soon as some terrorists are destroyed their place is taken by others.", "fRDRYIm5UH4-00019-00025200-00025700": "The freed part of the college is under constant fire", "fRDRYIm5UH4-00020-00025800-00026400": "and tankmen have to destroy militant firing points again and again.", "fRDRYIm5UH4-00021-00034800-00035400": "Vehicles have to leave to reload ammunition and for service all the time.", "fRDRYIm5UH4-00022-00042600-00043100": "Tankmen tighten up and repair caterpillars during the short rest time.", "fRDRYIm5UH4-00023-00043200-00043400": "Tank mobility is mandatory for its combat capability.", "fRDRYIm5UH4-00024-00044100-00044600": "A recovery vehicle is ready to go at any time just in case.", "fRDRYIm5UH4-00025-00045400-00045600": "To the battle again.", "fRDRYIm5UH4-00026-00049200-00049800": "Vasily Pavlov, Igor Nadyrshin, Yury Kutsenko, Victor Kuznetsov, Marat Musin. ANNA-News. Syria."}}, {"audio_id": "fRSC2_Aq3LA", "text": {"fRSC2_Aq3LA-00026-00007862-00008666": "the answer should be 114"}}, {"audio_id": "fSdKQQGx5oA", "text": {"fSdKQQGx5oA-00000-00000349-00000709": "We deal with a lot of heat, so burns and slips.", "fSdKQQGx5oA-00001-00000709-00000912": "The next one would probably be spillages.", "fSdKQQGx5oA-00002-00000912-00001227": "So, obviously, it's quite a wet environment.", "fSdKQQGx5oA-00003-00001227-00001348": "We do roast our own coffee,", "fSdKQQGx5oA-00004-00001348-00001584": "so we do a lot of manual handling.", "fSdKQQGx5oA-00005-00001584-00001876": "We move quite large volumes, tonnes of coffee a week.", "fSdKQQGx5oA-00006-00001876-00002091": "So, really, it's just trip hazards,", "fSdKQQGx5oA-00007-00002091-00002300": "customers leaving things in odd spots,", "fSdKQQGx5oA-00008-00002300-00002412": "obviously, is a big one,", "fSdKQQGx5oA-00009-00002412-00002530": "so people will leave their bag", "fSdKQQGx5oA-00010-00002530-00002674": "maybe at the bottom of a table.", "fSdKQQGx5oA-00011-00002674-00002949": "So, we've got a couple steps within the café,", "fSdKQQGx5oA-00012-00002949-00003186": "and we've got some tape on that, some yellow tape.", "fSdKQQGx5oA-00013-00003186-00003490": "I think, just anytime you deal with a high volume of people,", "fSdKQQGx5oA-00014-00003490-00003723": "you're gonna be presented with some risks", "fSdKQQGx5oA-00015-00003723-00003944": "that are not prepared for.", "fSdKQQGx5oA-00016-00003944-00004115": "It is quite a fast-paced environment,", "fSdKQQGx5oA-00017-00004115-00004266": "which tends to mean that you're quite aware", "fSdKQQGx5oA-00018-00004266-00004458": "of what's around you at the time,", "fSdKQQGx5oA-00019-00004458-00004807": "but the repetitiveness of making a thousand coffees a day,", "fSdKQQGx5oA-00020-00004807-00005077": "the biggest thing that we notice is RSI", "fSdKQQGx5oA-00021-00005077-00005336": "and baristas getting injuries within their wrists and stuff,", "fSdKQQGx5oA-00022-00005336-00005547": "so it's more or less just rotating them in and out", "fSdKQQGx5oA-00023-00005547-00005684": "of those positions to make sure that they're", "fSdKQQGx5oA-00024-00005684-00005848": "not doing that same motion day-in, day-out,", "fSdKQQGx5oA-00025-00005848-00006003": "every single day.", "fSdKQQGx5oA-00026-00006003-00006194": "Your number one hazard, I would say, in any workplace", "fSdKQQGx5oA-00027-00006194-00006311": "is the people you're working with", "fSdKQQGx5oA-00028-00006311-00006511": "and knowing where they are, and around them.", "fSdKQQGx5oA-00029-00006511-00006731": "I think if you go into any bar or café", "fSdKQQGx5oA-00030-00006731-00006880": "you'll notice everyone says 'backs'", "fSdKQQGx5oA-00031-00006880-00006988": "as they walk behind you.", "fSdKQQGx5oA-00032-00006988-00007440": "A big hazard anywhere is people just not alerting you", "fSdKQQGx5oA-00033-00007440-00007676": "to their presence, I guess, and", "fSdKQQGx5oA-00034-00007676-00007820": "you turn around and you've got a bunch of hot coffees", "fSdKQQGx5oA-00035-00007820-00007985": "and you walk into them.", "fSdKQQGx5oA-00036-00007985-00008212": "I guess the main thing here is, so it would be", "fSdKQQGx5oA-00037-00008212-00008342": "don't stop, and communicate,", "fSdKQQGx5oA-00038-00008342-00008535": "make sure you're talking to the people around you.", "fSdKQQGx5oA-00039-00008535-00008752": "October is National Safe Work Month.", "fSdKQQGx5oA-00040-00008752-00009037": "Visit the website to find out how you can get involved.", "fSdKQQGx5oA-00041-00009037-00009212": "Safety is everyone's business", "fSdKQQGx5oA-00042-00009212-00009628": "and your knowledge and experiences are worth sharing."}}, {"audio_id": "fSnguid2ptu", "text": {"fSnguid2ptu-00000-00000000-00000200": "www.ClaudeDiamond.com"}}, {"audio_id": "fSwGibrZCcM", "text": {"fSwGibrZCcM-00000-00000000-00002039": "beautylacehair.com"}}, {"audio_id": "fSJEBwuWW2M", "text": {"fSJEBwuWW2M-00000-00001058-00001776": "Water and water management are very important to IRRI Nutrition for three", "fSJEBwuWW2M-00001-00001776-00002526": "reasons so one of the approaches that we are trying to promote in IRRI Nutrition", "fSJEBwuWW2M-00002-00002526-00003215": "is the integrated rice systems that means growing rice not just by itself", "fSJEBwuWW2M-00003-00003215-00003735": "but rice together with other crops or rice together with fish. This is to", "fSJEBwuWW2M-00004-00003735-00004245": "increase crop diversity and diet diversity which are essential for human", "fSJEBwuWW2M-00005-00004245-00004785": "nutrition. Water of course is needed by the rice plant to grow and is needed by", "fSJEBwuWW2M-00006-00004785-00005328": "the rice plant in order to absorb nutrients from the soil, so the quality", "fSJEBwuWW2M-00007-00005328-00005837": "of the nutrients that are taken up by the rice plant, as well as the quality of", "fSJEBwuWW2M-00008-00005837-00006473": "the nutrients that then lodge into the rice grain, are dependent in many ways", "fSJEBwuWW2M-00009-00006473-00007100": "through that water system and the water that is in our rice fields.", "fSJEBwuWW2M-00010-00007100-00007881": "Related to that is the work we are pursuing about safer rice because water", "fSJEBwuWW2M-00011-00007881-00008535": "in the rice fields also carries with it heavy metals and heavy metals are not", "fSJEBwuWW2M-00012-00008535-00008764": "safe for a human being."}}, {"audio_id": "fT77Zs3yxlk", "text": {"fT77Zs3yxlk-00000-00000105-00000305": "Oh no! Butter Coin hes coming!", "fT77Zs3yxlk-00001-00001004-00001054": "Butter Coin, I-I, think he found us", "fT77Zs3yxlk-00002-00001551-00001635": "Clover! Stop overeacting i don't hear anything"}}, {"audio_id": "fTfBC8jYVPg", "text": {"fTfBC8jYVPg-00000-00000685-00000819": "Thank Safety First.", "fTfBC8jYVPg-00001-00000819-00001253": "Hi, this is Rick Martens from Martens Manurigation", "fTfBC8jYVPg-00002-00001253-00001696": "and thanks for previewing these safety tips. Remembered,", "fTfBC8jYVPg-00003-00001696-00002191": "safety is an ongoing program, don't take things for granted,", "fTfBC8jYVPg-00004-00002191-00002539": "receive regular training, review and update", "fTfBC8jYVPg-00005-00002539-00002905": "equipment regularly. If you build it keep it safe.", "fTfBC8jYVPg-00006-00002905-00003288": "Monitor fatigue, keep an eye on stress,", "fTfBC8jYVPg-00007-00003288-00003696": "and don't forget the day-to-day safety equipment. Alertness:", "fTfBC8jYVPg-00008-00003696-00004204": "always be aware of what's going on around you, use your safety glasses,", "fTfBC8jYVPg-00009-00004204-00004610": "protective clothing, and gloves, and of course,", "fTfBC8jYVPg-00010-00004610-00005134": "always use your hearing protection. Thank  you for your attention and have a safe", "fTfBC8jYVPg-00011-00005134-00005343": "and healthy year. Goodbye."}}, {"audio_id": "fTs-fvGzj6c", "text": {"fTs-fvGzj6c-00000-00000000-00000158": "Triple sugar iron.", "fTs-fvGzj6c-00001-00000158-00000622": "Triple Sugar Iron, TSI, is a multi-test medium.", "fTs-fvGzj6c-00002-00000623-00000873": "The medium indicates whether an organism", "fTs-fvGzj6c-00003-00000873-00001282": "can ferment any 1 or more of 3 sugars.", "fTs-fvGzj6c-00004-00001282-00001495": "Lactose, sucrose, and glucose.", "fTs-fvGzj6c-00005-00001495-00001982": "It can also detect the production of H2S and gas.", "fTs-fvGzj6c-00006-00002099-00002573": "Use an 18 to 24 hour pure culture as the inoculum source.", "fTs-fvGzj6c-00007-00002573-00003052": "Pick a single colony using an inoculating wire.", "fTs-fvGzj6c-00008-00003052-00003490": "Make 1 stab down the center of the medium", "fTs-fvGzj6c-00009-00003490-00003791": "to within 2 millimeters of the bottom.", "fTs-fvGzj6c-00010-00003791-00004221": "Then streak the surface of the slant in a zig-zag fashion.", "fTs-fvGzj6c-00011-00004221-00004482": "Loosen the caps of the tubes", "fTs-fvGzj6c-00012-00004482-00004659": "prior to incubation.", "fTs-fvGzj6c-00013-00004659-00004975": "Incubate the tubes for 18 - 24 hours", "fTs-fvGzj6c-00014-00004975-00005400": "at 35¡ celcius in an aerobic incubator."}}, {"audio_id": "fTAGEY7Fz6y", "text": {"fTAGEY7Fz6y-00000-00000483-00000784": "THE STONE AGE", "fTAGEY7Fz6y-00001-00005096-00005216": "What's that?", "fTAGEY7Fz6y-00002-00005459-00005567": "They may be blasting the mountain.", "fTAGEY7Fz6y-00003-00005676-00005846": "There's a mine further down.", "fTAGEY7Fz6y-00004-00006022-00006178": "But it didn't seem like it.", "fTAGEY7Fz6y-00005-00006636-00006847": "Does it hurt you?", "fTAGEY7Fz6y-00006-00006889-00007087": "No, it throws me a little, but not much.", "fTAGEY7Fz6y-00007-00007282-00007395": "We're almost there.", "fTAGEY7Fz6y-00008-00008127-00008286": "Can you tell me now?", "fTAGEY7Fz6y-00009-00008437-00008581": "You'll see.", "fTAGEY7Fz6y-00010-00008695-00008905": "So much mystery...!", "fTAGEY7Fz6y-00011-00008928-00009134": "It's right there. You're going to love it.", "fTAGEY7Fz6y-00012-00009270-00009530": "In my condition! Look where you've brought me!", "fTAGEY7Fz6y-00013-00009570-00009912": "It's going to be good for you. You need to walk.", "fTAGEY7Fz6y-00014-00009919-00010199": "Walk a little... Not trek across the mountain peaks!", "fTAGEY7Fz6y-00015-00010617-00010774": "It's here.", "fTAGEY7Fz6y-00016-00017144-00017259": "Did you hear that?", "fTAGEY7Fz6y-00017-00017262-00017386": "What?", "fTAGEY7Fz6y-00018-00017400-00017586": "There it is again...", "fTAGEY7Fz6y-00019-00018009-00018152": "What's this?", "fTAGEY7Fz6y-00020-00019385-00019580": "How incredible! How did you find it?", "fTAGEY7Fz6y-00021-00019722-00019826": "Once when I came to fish.", "fTAGEY7Fz6y-00022-00019877-00019960": "When?", "fTAGEY7Fz6y-00023-00020035-00020112": "Let's see...", "fTAGEY7Fz6y-00024-00020142-00020252": "A few summers ago.", "fTAGEY7Fz6y-00025-00020342-00020511": "And who lived here!?", "fTAGEY7Fz6y-00026-00020521-00020823": "It must have been when they made the road.", "fTAGEY7Fz6y-00027-00020873-00021003": "...a hundred years ago.", "fTAGEY7Fz6y-00028-00022446-00022568": "It's perfect. It's dry.", "fTAGEY7Fz6y-00029-00022620-00022790": "Not a drop of water gets in.", "fTAGEY7Fz6y-00030-00023263-00023411": "And all of this?", "fTAGEY7Fz6y-00031-00023556-00023756": "I leave something every time I come...", "fTAGEY7Fz6y-00032-00023756-00023916": "then i don't remember what I left,", "fTAGEY7Fz6y-00033-00023936-00024156": "and I bring more.", "fTAGEY7Fz6y-00034-00024257-00024471": "You really took it seriously, didn't you?", "fTAGEY7Fz6y-00035-00024597-00024692": "Well....I don't know", "fTAGEY7Fz6y-00036-00024793-00024873": "...maybe nothing will happen.", "fTAGEY7Fz6y-00037-00025138-00025375": "But in any case, this place will always remain the same.", "fTAGEY7Fz6y-00038-00025631-00025851": "It hasn't changed in millions of years.", "fTAGEY7Fz6y-00039-00025968-00026188": "We're in the stone age here.", "fTAGEY7Fz6y-00040-00026373-00026597": "Well, as long as you don't drag me...", "fTAGEY7Fz6y-00041-00026597-00026727": "...into the cave by my hair...", "fTAGEY7Fz6y-00042-00027237-00027352": "That again?", "fTAGEY7Fz6y-00043-00027487-00027647": "So strange...", "fTAGEY7Fz6y-00044-00028014-00028154": "You still haven't seen the best part.", "fTAGEY7Fz6y-00045-00028194-00028284": "Follow me.", "fTAGEY7Fz6y-00046-00031730-00031851": "It's cold!", "fTAGEY7Fz6y-00047-00031943-00032020": "-Freezing?", "fTAGEY7Fz6y-00048-00032068-00032192": "No...", "fTAGEY7Fz6y-00049-00032212-00032382": "...cold but agreable.", "fTAGEY7Fz6y-00050-00032528-00032662": "You coming in?", "fTAGEY7Fz6y-00051-00032920-00032981": "Come on...", "fTAGEY7Fz6y-00052-00033081-00033281": "They should have already taken the stitches out.", "fTAGEY7Fz6y-00053-00033310-00033412": "It's not that...", "fTAGEY7Fz6y-00054-00033576-00033681": "So...?", "fTAGEY7Fz6y-00055-00033801-00033951": "I'll take them out if you want.", "fTAGEY7Fz6y-00056-00034013-00034119": "You whant to take them out?", "fTAGEY7Fz6y-00057-00034162-00034334": "It's you that has to movitate.", "fTAGEY7Fz6y-00058-00034380-00034519": "Just cut and pitch.", "fTAGEY7Fz6y-00059-00034644-00034725": "Come on!", "fTAGEY7Fz6y-00060-00034806-00034936": "You can't miss this.", "fTAGEY7Fz6y-00061-00040890-00041080": "The truth is that this place is Paradise.", "fTAGEY7Fz6y-00062-00041316-00041474": "It is Paradise!", "fTAGEY7Fz6y-00063-00041763-00041955": "I'd stay here a while.", "fTAGEY7Fz6y-00064-00042051-00042288": "It's a good place to stay  for a few peaceful days.", "fTAGEY7Fz6y-00065-00042418-00042610": "All the time you need.", "fTAGEY7Fz6y-00066-00042670-00042860": "Nothing is missing here.", "fTAGEY7Fz6y-00067-00042970-00043140": "This water is clean and pure...,", "fTAGEY7Fz6y-00068-00043261-00043439": "...there's firewood on every side.", "fTAGEY7Fz6y-00069-00043579-00043749": "Land for growing food...,", "fTAGEY7Fz6y-00070-00043799-00043959": "...and trout in the river.", "fTAGEY7Fz6y-00071-00044016-00044166": "What more could anyone ask for?", "fTAGEY7Fz6y-00072-00044218-00044354": "High speed internet...", "fTAGEY7Fz6y-00073-00050592-00050706": "It got chilly.", "fTAGEY7Fz6y-00074-00050901-00051213": "Here it's always ten degrees less than in the city.", "fTAGEY7Fz6y-00075-00051563-00051691": "There's no signal.", "fTAGEY7Fz6y-00076-00051929-00052140": "You have to go up to the road.", "fTAGEY7Fz6y-00077-00052970-00053091": "How many places without cell coverage", "fTAGEY7Fz6y-00078-00053091-00053311": "do you think are left in the world?", "fTAGEY7Fz6y-00079-00053401-00053601": "This place must be one of a few.", "fTAGEY7Fz6y-00080-00053722-00053822": "What do you think?", "fTAGEY7Fz6y-00081-00053908-00054102": "\"How will the world end?...\"", "fTAGEY7Fz6y-00082-00054092-00054272": "\"List of favorites:\"", "fTAGEY7Fz6y-00083-00054450-00054663": "It's yesterday's newspaper.", "fTAGEY7Fz6y-00084-00054799-00054871": "\"Nuclear War.", "fTAGEY7Fz6y-00085-00054941-00055031": "Meteorite.", "fTAGEY7Fz6y-00086-00055081-00055191": "Climate catastrophe.", "fTAGEY7Fz6y-00087-00055261-00055431": "Solar explosion.", "fTAGEY7Fz6y-00088-00055471-00055621": "Biological terrorism.", "fTAGEY7Fz6y-00089-00055737-00055920": "Invasion from extra-terrestrials,", "fTAGEY7Fz6y-00090-00056000-00056160": "and in the last place...", "fTAGEY7Fz6y-00091-00056263-00056505": "...divine manifestiation and the Final Judgement...\"", "fTAGEY7Fz6y-00092-00056901-00057076": "It looks like the people believe", "fTAGEY7Fz6y-00093-00057076-00057256": "more in martians than in God.", "fTAGEY7Fz6y-00094-00057440-00057801": "And you, what do you think?", "fTAGEY7Fz6y-00095-00057848-00057917": "I mean...", "fTAGEY7Fz6y-00096-00057937-00058147": "...do you think something's going to happen?", "fTAGEY7Fz6y-00097-00058294-00058494": "Yes. I think something is going to happen.", "fTAGEY7Fz6y-00098-00058591-00058878": "Something has to, so that things will change.", "fTAGEY7Fz6y-00099-00059108-00059238": "Right?", "fTAGEY7Fz6y-00100-00059343-00059521": "And you, how are you prepared?", "fTAGEY7Fz6y-00101-00059775-00059878": "With this.", "fTAGEY7Fz6y-00102-00060143-00060290": "With faith, I suppose...", "fTAGEY7Fz6y-00103-00060501-00060709": "...faith and good thoughts.", "fTAGEY7Fz6y-00104-00061214-00061624": "If you're connected and have good thoughts", "fTAGEY7Fz6y-00105-00061625-00061945": "nothing bad is going to happen to you.", "fTAGEY7Fz6y-00106-00063130-00063297": "If you're in harmony.", "fTAGEY7Fz6y-00107-00063776-00063934": "You're so beautiful.", "fTAGEY7Fz6y-00108-00068739-00068844": "Look...!", "fTAGEY7Fz6y-00109-00069124-00069224": "Let's go...", "fTAGEY7Fz6y-00110-00069255-00069365": "Are you fine?", "fTAGEY7Fz6y-00111-00069385-00069485": "Let's get into the tent...", "fTAGEY7Fz6y-00112-00069574-00069698": "Let's get into the tent!", "fTAGEY7Fz6y-00113-00077286-00077397": "And your glasses?", "fTAGEY7Fz6y-00114-00078031-00078174": "I see everything perfectly!...", "fTAGEY7Fz6y-00115-00078516-00078658": "Where is everything?", "fTAGEY7Fz6y-00116-00079087-00079230": "and the tent...?", "fTAGEY7Fz6y-00117-00082000-00082112": "All the stuff!", "fTAGEY7Fz6y-00118-00082122-00082222": "The stuff is gone!", "fTAGEY7Fz6y-00119-00082244-00082363": "I don't have the stitches.", "fTAGEY7Fz6y-00120-00082426-00082575": "This is where the refuge was, wasn't it?", "fTAGEY7Fz6y-00121-00082576-00082652": "The stitches...", "fTAGEY7Fz6y-00122-00082692-00082799": "-They came out...", "fTAGEY7Fz6y-00123-00082782-00082910": "No...look!", "fTAGEY7Fz6y-00124-00083462-00083633": "The road..."}}, {"audio_id": "fTIz32yPCqU", "text": {"fTIz32yPCqU-00000-00000000-00000666": "[AUDIENCE] You were talking about the incentives with proof-of-work.", "fTIz32yPCqU-00001-00000666-00001710": "Do you [think that] when the block goes down to zero, that people will still mine at the same level?", "fTIz32yPCqU-00002-00001710-00002374": "Will fees be the same as Visa transactions?", "fTIz32yPCqU-00003-00002374-00002748": "[ANDREAS] The question was: based on  the incentives that exist in the network,", "fTIz32yPCqU-00004-00002748-00003544": "what happens when the reward for the generation of [new] coins drops to zero, and the only reward is fees?", "fTIz32yPCqU-00005-00003544-00004060": "Will miners keep mining? Will the network fees be reasonable?", "fTIz32yPCqU-00006-00004060-00004836": "First of all, to give you some perspective, this  happens gradually between now and [the year] 2140.", "fTIz32yPCqU-00007-00004836-00005884": "By that time, people on Mars will have to decide if they want to go into mining with solar panels.", "fTIz32yPCqU-00008-00005884-00006631": "So, who knows [what miners will do]. I hesitate to make predictions for Bitcoin three months [into the future].", "fTIz32yPCqU-00009-00006631-00007173": "You're asking me about 130 years [from now], but I'll try.", "fTIz32yPCqU-00010-00007173-00007502": "The important thing to realize is this happens very gradually", "fTIz32yPCqU-00011-00007502-00008042": "and in an environment where the reliance on seigniorage / [generation of new coins] drops.", "fTIz32yPCqU-00012-00008042-00008628": "Presumably, the number of transactions and amount of activity rises, which means transaction fees [can] rise.", "fTIz32yPCqU-00013-00008628-00009246": "What it should do, if you look at it in a graph, is [make] a kind of curved 'x' shape. [GESTURING]", "fTIz32yPCqU-00014-00009246-00009564": "Fees go up, reward goes down.", "fTIz32yPCqU-00015-00009564-00009826": "Fees, [as estimated by algorithms], go up not because [transactions] are [necessarily] getting more expensive,", "fTIz32yPCqU-00016-00009826-00010294": "but because you have more transactions  paying more or less the same fees.", "fTIz32yPCqU-00017-00010294-00010806": "If you imagine a [new] block today, which has 12.5 bitcoins in [the coinbase transaction]", "fTIz32yPCqU-00018-00010806-00011604": "and maybe one tenth of a bitcoin fees,  [the ratio is] 120:1 in favor of the seigniorage.", "fTIz32yPCqU-00019-00011604-00012524": "Now let's [imagine we are constructing] a block in 2141. What is the minimum [block] reward? One satoshi.", "fTIz32yPCqU-00020-00012524-00013158": "Let's say this block has ten thousand transactions.", "fTIz32yPCqU-00021-00013158-00013630": "I just pulled the number out of my head, it would probably have more, but let's say ten thousand.", "fTIz32yPCqU-00022-00013630-00014174": "What's the minimum fee they can pay? One satoshi.", "fTIz32yPCqU-00023-00014174-00014740": "If you have the minimum issuance and the minimum fees, you would have ten thousand satoshis in fees...", "fTIz32yPCqU-00024-00014740-00014936": "and one satoshi from seigniorage.", "fTIz32yPCqU-00025-00014936-00015834": "Now the ratio of seigniorage to fees went from 120:1 to 1:10,000. This doesn't happen overnight.", "fTIz32yPCqU-00026-00015834-00016194": "This happened over 140 years, in a gradual curve.", "fTIz32yPCqU-00027-00016194-00016722": "Somewhere in [that gradual curve] there's  a crossover point, the day that [ratio] is 1:1.", "fTIz32yPCqU-00028-00016722-00017676": "Miners know, for the future, they're going to focus more on fees. That happens way before you get to 2141.", "fTIz32yPCqU-00029-00017676-00018022": "I'm not worried because it's not going to be a surprise.", "fTIz32yPCqU-00030-00018022-00018266": "This is the same kind of question [I was asked before] the Halvening.", "fTIz32yPCqU-00031-00018266-00019012": "\"What will happen when the halving happens?\" We see this coming four years in advance.", "fTIz32yPCqU-00032-00019012-00019504": "Everyone is prepared for it. Part of living within a [currency that has a] deterministic [monetary policy] is,", "fTIz32yPCqU-00033-00019504-00020320": "we don't have to wait for the Friday spokesperson from the Federal Reserve committee meeting...", "fTIz32yPCqU-00034-00020320-00020880": "to come out and tell us what the interest rate is.", "fTIz32yPCqU-00035-00020880-00021132": "Mining doesn't stop.", "fTIz32yPCqU-00036-00021132-00021756": "Will the fees be the same as Visa's? If they are, we have failed badly.", "fTIz32yPCqU-00037-00021756-00022906": "[Even] the fees that are already above  about $5, are still lower than Visa.", "fTIz32yPCqU-00038-00022906-00023140": "We are getting better at optimization.", "fTIz32yPCqU-00039-00023140-00023674": "If we introduce the Lightning Network and other [second- layer] technologies, we increase the block [capacity].", "fTIz32yPCqU-00040-00023674-00024332": "If we do all of the other optimization and scaling things, we can do Visa. We can do much more than Visa.", "fTIz32yPCqU-00041-00024332-00024800": "We can do it cheaper. I don't think we're going to have any problems.", "fTIz32yPCqU-00042-00024800-00025346": "The capacity issue for Bitcoin will be a problem all the time,", "fTIz32yPCqU-00043-00025346-00025998": "but it will be a problem that we will  manage in a way that is not fatal,", "fTIz32yPCqU-00044-00025998-00026262": "gradually make it better and better.", "fTIz32yPCqU-00045-00026262-00026739": "Failing to scale, gracefully, for [at least]  twenty-five years [like the internet], is the goal."}}, {"audio_id": "fTKXSCxn1Ag", "text": {"fTKXSCxn1Ag-00000-00000816-00001232": "Welcome to my channel Narc Delusion. My name is Nicole.", "fTKXSCxn1Ag-00001-00001304-00001823": "Today, I want to talk to you about why narcissists are always putting you down.", "fTKXSCxn1Ag-00002-00001896-00002640": "Why do they always come with those sly put downs, and devaluations about who you are,", "fTKXSCxn1Ag-00003-00002640-00003279": "and what you do. Why is it that the better you treat them the worse that they treat you?", "fTKXSCxn1Ag-00004-00003415-00004072": "Why do the narcissists spend so much time insulting you directly, and indirectly?", "fTKXSCxn1Ag-00005-00004240-00004784": "The truth is that those that pull you down are already beneath you.", "fTKXSCxn1Ag-00006-00004912-00005696": "What is the reason for the narc devaluations? The narcissists devalue because they do not", "fTKXSCxn1Ag-00007-00005696-00006240": "want you to feel satisfied. The narcissist wants to gaslight you.", "fTKXSCxn1Ag-00008-00006360-00007095": "In other words, the narcissist is trying to distort your perception of yourself. They", "fTKXSCxn1Ag-00009-00007095-00007856": "want to control your thinking. The narcissist wants to control how you think about yourself.", "fTKXSCxn1Ag-00010-00008000-00008472": "The narcissist puts you down because they want you to keep trying to please them.", "fTKXSCxn1Ag-00011-00008544-00009312": "The narcissists want you to keep on keeping on. They want you to do more. They don't think that", "fTKXSCxn1Ag-00012-00009312-00009920": "they've received enough from you. They know that you have more to give. They don't want", "fTKXSCxn1Ag-00013-00009920-00010680": "to appreciate what you do or who you are. Because then you would be happy for a moment. They want", "fTKXSCxn1Ag-00014-00010680-00011592": "to feel as if you are under their control. They devalue you to keep you inside the narc fun house.", "fTKXSCxn1Ag-00015-00011800-00012448": "Depending on your relationship with the narcissist it will vary from person to person. Each", "fTKXSCxn1Ag-00016-00012448-00013224": "narcissist has different reasons for doing what they're doing. But basically, they're able to do", "fTKXSCxn1Ag-00017-00013224-00013912": "this because they don't care about you. They don't have any empathy for you. You can't be content.", "fTKXSCxn1Ag-00018-00013912-00014632": "They can't just let you off scot-free. You cannot be happy. They are not just going to let you go.", "fTKXSCxn1Ag-00019-00014719-00015440": "You have to keep it going. You have to do more. You are to concede to this distorted thinking.", "fTKXSCxn1Ag-00020-00015496-00015832": "You are to cooperate with their feelings of entitlement.", "fTKXSCxn1Ag-00021-00015960-00016736": "The narcissist wants to continue in their selfish ways. Narcissists devalue you because they don't", "fTKXSCxn1Ag-00022-00016736-00017424": "want you to expect anything from them. You are to keep on giving to them. And you are to never ask", "fTKXSCxn1Ag-00023-00017424-00018192": "for anything in return. The narcissist devalues you because they want to place themselves above", "fTKXSCxn1Ag-00024-00018192-00019088": "you. The narcissist wants to squash your strength. The narcissist wants to devalue, and intimidate you", "fTKXSCxn1Ag-00025-00019088-00020024": "so you will comply. They are devaluing you now to set you up for later. They cannot let you be happy", "fTKXSCxn1Ag-00026-00020088-00020752": "with where this all is. Because they are not happy. They want to feel superior", "fTKXSCxn1Ag-00027-00020752-00021312": "to you. The narcissist does this because they think that they are smarter than you.", "fTKXSCxn1Ag-00028-00021400-00022008": "They think that all they have to do is devalue you, and you will keep trying to please them. The", "fTKXSCxn1Ag-00029-00022008-00022760": "narcissist doesn't have any personal dignity, nor self-respect in how they feel about themselves,", "fTKXSCxn1Ag-00030-00022760-00023512": "and their behavior. It does not make them feel bad that they are stooping to this low-level nonsense.", "fTKXSCxn1Ag-00031-00023600-00024296": "They think it keeps them above you. A narcissist only has an ignorant arrogance that is not based", "fTKXSCxn1Ag-00032-00024296-00025064": "on any reality. They simply want to believe that if they devalue, and insult you that you will think", "fTKXSCxn1Ag-00033-00025064-00025848": "that you are beneath them. They want to believe that. The narcissist wants to be above, and you", "fTKXSCxn1Ag-00034-00025848-00026680": "to be below. They want you to be subservient to them. They want to keep you feeling, and thinking", "fTKXSCxn1Ag-00035-00026680-00027272": "that you are not good enough. The narcissist wants you to keep on trying to please them.", "fTKXSCxn1Ag-00036-00027400-00028024": "By ignoring, and devaluing you the narcissist thinks that you will conform to their thinking.", "fTKXSCxn1Ag-00037-00028120-00028783": "They do not want you at your full power. Because the narcissist lacks empathy, and", "fTKXSCxn1Ag-00038-00028783-00029327": "because the narcissist is weak, But they want to make it your problem.", "fTKXSCxn1Ag-00039-00029392-00030104": "The narcissist does not want to face their own weakness. The narcissist does not want to improve.", "fTKXSCxn1Ag-00040-00030208-00030992": "The narcissist has no thoughts of improving their warped thinking, and personality. They are angry,", "fTKXSCxn1Ag-00041-00030992-00031816": "and they only want other people to be as unhappy as they are. The narcissists were devalued", "fTKXSCxn1Ag-00042-00031816-00032632": "themselves as young children. They have not overcome this broken self-esteem. The unhappy", "fTKXSCxn1Ag-00043-00032632-00033320": "narcissist does not want you to be happy. They don't want you to have a healthy self-esteem.", "fTKXSCxn1Ag-00044-00033400-00034024": "The unhappy narcissist does not want you to be happy. They do not want you to have self-esteem.", "fTKXSCxn1Ag-00045-00034160-00034984": "The narcissist devalues you because the narcissist is weak. The narcissist devalues you because they", "fTKXSCxn1Ag-00046-00034984-00035784": "want everything easy. They have no guiding principles. the narcissist has no morals.", "fTKXSCxn1Ag-00047-00035960-00036648": "Narcissists do what they want whenever they want. Because they have no moral code.", "fTKXSCxn1Ag-00048-00036752-00037424": "There's nothing guiding their behavior. They don't have any principles that they live by.", "fTKXSCxn1Ag-00049-00037552-00038200": "There is no goals that they are reaching for. There is no purpose to their existence.", "fTKXSCxn1Ag-00050-00038304-00039120": "Instead of treating you well, they want to belittle you. Narcissists devalues you to stay above,", "fTKXSCxn1Ag-00051-00039120-00039896": "and keep you below. The main reason is because they want to trap you in place. They don't want", "fTKXSCxn1Ag-00052-00039896-00040472": "you to be happy because they don't want you to be going anywhere. You keep these people", "fTKXSCxn1Ag-00053-00040472-00041016": "in your life, they're going to continue to do what they do. Because they don't care about you.", "fTKXSCxn1Ag-00054-00041168-00041952": "In the best case scenario, the narcissist wants to keep you in place. In the worst case scenario", "fTKXSCxn1Ag-00055-00041952-00042776": "the narcissist wants to break you down. They want to destroy you. They want you to forget who you", "fTKXSCxn1Ag-00056-00042776-00043512": "are. They want you to lose your personality. They want you to give up all your goals.", "fTKXSCxn1Ag-00057-00043512-00044352": "They don't want you to have any fight. They won't let you move on. They want to destroy you.", "fTKXSCxn1Ag-00058-00044576-00045016": "The narcissist wants you to stay in place; that's the main reason.", "fTKXSCxn1Ag-00059-00045088-00045816": "Why they want you to stay in place? It varies from narc to narc. Some narcs want to destroy you.", "fTKXSCxn1Ag-00060-00045820-00046488": "Because your presence is reminding them how pathetic they are. Your presence", "fTKXSCxn1Ag-00061-00046488-00047336": "is telling them that they failed. Your presence is letting them know that they are not in control.", "fTKXSCxn1Ag-00062-00047336-00047968": "And what they were trying to do is stupid. Narcissistic devalue you because they want to", "fTKXSCxn1Ag-00063-00047968-00048984": "keep you in place. They want you to stay inside their fun house. The narcissist needs you to keep", "fTKXSCxn1Ag-00064-00048984-00049728": "your position. The narcissist wants you to stay in the role that they assigned to you. The narcissist", "fTKXSCxn1Ag-00065-00049728-00050440": "devalues you so you can keep propping them up. They need you to stay in that position", "fTKXSCxn1Ag-00066-00050440-00051320": "so they can stay elevated. So they can keep their image. The narcissist definitely isn't changing.", "fTKXSCxn1Ag-00067-00051320-00052183": "They are not going anywhere, so why should you? The narcissists cast you in their lame movie."}}, {"audio_id": "fTRcXOMfbGu", "text": {"fTRcXOMfbGu-00000-00000110-00000608": "Hello in this video we will take a look at 21st century learning. The job market", "fTRcXOMfbGu-00001-00000608-00001055": "today includes employment positions that require skills to be able to be", "fTRcXOMfbGu-00002-00001055-00001463": "successful in a global connected society.", "fTRcXOMfbGu-00003-00001492-00001952": "In introduction 21st century skills are a set of companies that students need to", "fTRcXOMfbGu-00004-00001952-00002326": "learn to be successful in a global connected society they live in today.", "fTRcXOMfbGu-00005-00002326-00002832": "Learning these skills are able to be practiced through the integration of", "fTRcXOMfbGu-00006-00002832-00003905": "technology into teaching and student learning. What our 21st century skills? As", "fTRcXOMfbGu-00007-00003905-00004407": "shared by the Partnership for 21st Century Learning in their framework for", "fTRcXOMfbGu-00008-00004407-00004957": "21st century and they shared what's developed with input from teachers", "fTRcXOMfbGu-00009-00004957-00005418": "education experts and business leaders to define and illustrate the skills and", "fTRcXOMfbGu-00010-00005418-00005930": "knowledge students need to succeed in work life and citizen as well as support", "fTRcXOMfbGu-00011-00005930-00006366": "systems necessary for 21st century learning outcomes It has been used by", "fTRcXOMfbGu-00012-00006366-00006765": "thousands of educators and hundreds of schools in the US and abroad to put 21st", "fTRcXOMfbGu-00013-00006765-00007331": "century skills at the center of learning. The P21 framework represents both 21st", "fTRcXOMfbGu-00014-00007331-00007917": "century student outcomes (as represented by the arches of the rainbow) and support", "fTRcXOMfbGu-00015-00007917-00008514": "systems (as represented in the pools at the bottom). I recommend visiting b21", "fTRcXOMfbGu-00016-00008514-00009990": "website for additional information at p21.org. As including the infographic", "fTRcXOMfbGu-00017-00009990-00010563": "entitled 21st century Teaching and Learning it's not about tools but about", "fTRcXOMfbGu-00018-00010563-00010938": "skills, provides the way that 21st century teaching and learning are", "fTRcXOMfbGu-00019-00010938-00011445": "developed through students experiences 21st Century Skills. In my experience I", "fTRcXOMfbGu-00020-00011445-00012063": "have seen and teaching and learning is led by technology rather than skills. The", "fTRcXOMfbGu-00021-00012063-00012549": "skills that teachers would like students to attain should lead to what technology", "fTRcXOMfbGu-00022-00012549-00012946": "may be utilized to develop these skills.", "fTRcXOMfbGu-00023-00013409-00013981": "The four C's of 21st century learning critical thinking and problem solving", "fTRcXOMfbGu-00024-00013981-00014421": "communication collaboration and creativity and innovation as included by", "fTRcXOMfbGu-00025-00014421-00014815": "the Partnership for 21st century Learning. These skills when attained", "fTRcXOMfbGu-00026-00014815-00015475": "prepare students for life and work in the 21st century. In my experience that", "fTRcXOMfbGu-00027-00015475-00015909": "communication is important skill to be learned from a very young age as an", "fTRcXOMfbGu-00028-00015909-00016672": "example our kindergarten students at the district where I work in the discovery", "fTRcXOMfbGu-00029-00016672-00017112": "STEAM based class spend the first part of the school year working on building", "fTRcXOMfbGu-00030-00017112-00017578": "competence in communication and collaboration by working together in", "fTRcXOMfbGu-00031-00017578-00018420": "groups, and it's included in the image on on this slide you see the student is", "fTRcXOMfbGu-00032-00018420-00019084": "given the opportunity to have voice in this particular", "fTRcXOMfbGu-00033-00019084-00019465": "environment. They able to record as they may be recording a podcast but", "fTRcXOMfbGu-00034-00019465-00020409": "they're given the ability the access and ability to communicate. In conclusion the", "fTRcXOMfbGu-00035-00020409-00020838": "integration of technology in schools today from my view it has changed", "fTRcXOMfbGu-00036-00020838-00021222": "significantly, The access to technology has increased for both students and", "fTRcXOMfbGu-00037-00021222-00021787": "teachers alike as mobile technology has become a commonplace in today's learning", "fTRcXOMfbGu-00038-00021787-00022251": "environments. The picture the Chromebook shown on the left provides a", "fTRcXOMfbGu-00039-00022251-00022644": "gateway to endless teaching and learning opportunities. Determining the best ways", "fTRcXOMfbGu-00040-00022644-00023013": "to incorporate technology takes shape which determine what skills students", "fTRcXOMfbGu-00041-00023013-00023598": "need as discussed with developing 21st century skills and what methods can best", "fTRcXOMfbGu-00042-00023598-00024118": "support how these girls will be mastered. In the photo on the right the student in", "fTRcXOMfbGu-00043-00024118-00024547": "front of the class is being provided opportunity to develop communication", "fTRcXOMfbGu-00044-00024547-00025015": "collaboration skills through the integration of technology students have", "fTRcXOMfbGu-00045-00025015-00025572": "the opportunity to have an active role in their learning.", "fTRcXOMfbGu-00046-00025760-00026596": "Thank you for watching this video and lastly these are my sources Thank you again."}}, {"audio_id": "fUrHJHNISDc", "text": {"fUrHJHNISDc-00000-00000000-00000260": "as I mentioned in the first video every", "fUrHJHNISDc-00001-00000000-00000246": "week we will study a little bit about", "fUrHJHNISDc-00002-00000000-00000100": "sign languages", "fUrHJHNISDc-00003-00000000-00000233": "how their phonology works how their", "fUrHJHNISDc-00004-00000000-00000166": "syntax works and so forth", "fUrHJHNISDc-00005-00000000-00000240": "but we need to start with some myths", "fUrHJHNISDc-00006-00000000-00000226": "about sign languages that are very", "fUrHJHNISDc-00007-00000000-00000100": "common", "fUrHJHNISDc-00008-00000000-00000260": "and that we need to take care of before", "fUrHJHNISDc-00009-00000000-00000100": "we begin", "fUrHJHNISDc-00010-00000000-00000380": "the very first myth is that sign", "fUrHJHNISDc-00011-00000252-00000692": "language is somehow", "fUrHJHNISDc-00012-00000380-00000740": "English but with your hands that each", "fUrHJHNISDc-00013-00000692-00000956": "sign", "fUrHJHNISDc-00014-00000740-00001092": "corresponds to a word in English and", "fUrHJHNISDc-00015-00000956-00001236": "what they're essentially", "fUrHJHNISDc-00016-00001092-00001468": "and what an interpreter is essentially", "fUrHJHNISDc-00017-00001236-00001540": "doing is transforming the words in", "fUrHJHNISDc-00018-00001468-00001884": "English", "fUrHJHNISDc-00019-00001540-00002252": "into an equivalent sign this is", "fUrHJHNISDc-00020-00001884-00002508": "not the case sign languages", "fUrHJHNISDc-00021-00002252-00002564": "are not a reproduction of a spoken", "fUrHJHNISDc-00022-00002508-00002876": "language", "fUrHJHNISDc-00023-00002564-00003204": "they are full languages with their own", "fUrHJHNISDc-00024-00002876-00003356": "grammar and with their own lexicon with", "fUrHJHNISDc-00025-00003204-00003660": "their own words", "fUrHJHNISDc-00026-00003356-00003716": "this is just a very brief example the", "fUrHJHNISDc-00027-00003660-00003892": "language", "fUrHJHNISDc-00028-00003716-00004100": "mostly used in the United States is", "fUrHJHNISDc-00029-00003892-00004412": "called American Sign Language", "fUrHJHNISDc-00030-00004100-00004476": "ASL and this is an example of a clear", "fUrHJHNISDc-00031-00004412-00004828": "difference", "fUrHJHNISDc-00032-00004476-00005196": "in morphology between ASL and English", "fUrHJHNISDc-00033-00004828-00005516": "in English when you want to", "fUrHJHNISDc-00034-00005196-00005860": "say the tense of a verb \"I worked\"", "fUrHJHNISDc-00035-00005516-00006212": "\"I will work\" you use", "fUrHJHNISDc-00036-00005860-00006524": "some morpheme for example word \"could\"", "fUrHJHNISDc-00037-00006212-00006844": "\"will work\" attached to it", "fUrHJHNISDc-00038-00006524-00007148": "in ASL you also use a morpheme but this", "fUrHJHNISDc-00039-00006844-00007460": "is the position of your torso", "fUrHJHNISDc-00040-00007148-00007532": "relative to your center so verbs that", "fUrHJHNISDc-00041-00007460-00007836": "are", "fUrHJHNISDc-00042-00007532-00008252": "that referred to the past are set", "fUrHJHNISDc-00043-00007836-00008436": "with the torso bent slightly backwards", "fUrHJHNISDc-00044-00008252-00008572": "verbs that have to do with the future", "fUrHJHNISDc-00045-00008436-00008860": "that have the future tense", "fUrHJHNISDc-00046-00008572-00008956": "are set with the torso slightly bent", "fUrHJHNISDc-00047-00008860-00009220": "forward", "fUrHJHNISDc-00048-00008956-00009452": "as you can see in the very slowly", "fUrHJHNISDc-00049-00009220-00009828": "playing gifs that we have there", "fUrHJHNISDc-00050-00009452-00010164": "so both the verbs in English and in ASL", "fUrHJHNISDc-00051-00009828-00010468": "work by having the verbal root and then", "fUrHJHNISDc-00052-00010164-00010628": "some addition in ASL it would be the", "fUrHJHNISDc-00053-00010468-00010940": "position of the torso", "fUrHJHNISDc-00054-00010628-00011228": "but as you can see this is not just", "fUrHJHNISDc-00055-00010940-00011452": "a sign for work and a sign for past for", "fUrHJHNISDc-00056-00011228-00011764": "example", "fUrHJHNISDc-00057-00011452-00012212": "so ASL has its own grammar that is very", "fUrHJHNISDc-00058-00011764-00012540": "different from that of English", "fUrHJHNISDc-00059-00012212-00012716": "this is another example this is a", "fUrHJHNISDc-00060-00012540-00012804": "sentence from the sign language of the", "fUrHJHNISDc-00061-00012716-00013036": "Netherlands", "fUrHJHNISDc-00062-00012804-00013244": "in English it will be \"as for Inge, the", "fUrHJHNISDc-00063-00013036-00013500": "boy is visiting her\"", "fUrHJHNISDc-00064-00013244-00013772": "the order of the signs in the sign", "fUrHJHNISDc-00065-00013500-00014076": "language of the Netherlands is", "fUrHJHNISDc-00066-00013772-00014428": "\"Inge her boy him", "fUrHJHNISDc-00067-00014076-00014732": "he visits her\" as you can see this is", "fUrHJHNISDc-00068-00014428-00014996": "very different from the Dutch", "fUrHJHNISDc-00069-00014732-00015156": "\"Wat Inge betreft, de jongen is bij\"", "fUrHJHNISDc-00070-00014996-00015476": "\"haar op bezoek\"", "fUrHJHNISDc-00071-00015156-00015612": "\"what Inge regards, the boy is by her on", "fUrHJHNISDc-00072-00015476-00015916": "visit\"", "fUrHJHNISDc-00073-00015612-00016132": "so as you can see there's practically no", "fUrHJHNISDc-00074-00015916-00016420": "correspondence between the signs", "fUrHJHNISDc-00075-00016132-00016532": "in the Dutch sign language and the words", "fUrHJHNISDc-00076-00016420-00016732": "in Dutch", "fUrHJHNISDc-00077-00016532-00016940": "likewise there's no correspondence", "fUrHJHNISDc-00078-00016732-00017332": "between words in an English sentence", "fUrHJHNISDc-00079-00016940-00017596": "and the order of an ASL sentence ASL", "fUrHJHNISDc-00080-00017332-00017868": "is a full language and a different", "fUrHJHNISDc-00081-00017596-00017868": "language from English", "fUrHJHNISDc-00082-00017980-00018292": "a second myth that exists is that", "fUrHJHNISDc-00083-00018148-00018556": "there's only one sign", "fUrHJHNISDc-00084-00018292-00018636": "language that everyone uses this is not", "fUrHJHNISDc-00085-00018556-00018836": "the case", "fUrHJHNISDc-00086-00018636-00018988": "there are hundreds of sign languages and", "fUrHJHNISDc-00087-00018836-00019276": "as you can see there's different", "fUrHJHNISDc-00088-00018988-00019356": "sign languages one that started in", "fUrHJHNISDc-00089-00019276-00019620": "France", "fUrHJHNISDc-00090-00019356-00019764": "one that started in the U.S. and there's", "fUrHJHNISDc-00091-00019620-00019900": "many more around the world", "fUrHJHNISDc-00092-00019764-00020076": "including some languages that are", "fUrHJHNISDc-00093-00019900-00020396": "isolated that have no", "fUrHJHNISDc-00094-00020076-00020636": "other related sign languages so", "fUrHJHNISDc-00095-00020396-00020732": "people in different places use different", "fUrHJHNISDc-00096-00020636-00021036": "sign languages", "fUrHJHNISDc-00097-00020732-00021260": "and they can't uh", "fUrHJHNISDc-00098-00021036-00021404": "communicate with one another if they", "fUrHJHNISDc-00099-00021260-00021476": "don't learn the language of the other", "fUrHJHNISDc-00100-00021404-00021980": "person", "fUrHJHNISDc-00101-00021476-00022220": "same as with spoken languages", "fUrHJHNISDc-00102-00021980-00022460": "a third myth about sign languages is", "fUrHJHNISDc-00103-00022220-00022772": "that somehow they're just", "fUrHJHNISDc-00104-00022460-00022964": "mimicking or pantomimes of objects this", "fUrHJHNISDc-00105-00022772-00023316": "is not true", "fUrHJHNISDc-00106-00022964-00023620": "for example take a look at these words", "fUrHJHNISDc-00107-00023316-00023780": "they are iconic I will tell you what", "fUrHJHNISDc-00108-00023620-00023932": "that is in a moment they're supposed to", "fUrHJHNISDc-00109-00023780-00024108": "imitate the shape of something in the", "fUrHJHNISDc-00110-00023932-00024316": "real world", "fUrHJHNISDc-00111-00024108-00024436": "but what are they imitating they both", "fUrHJHNISDc-00112-00024316-00024652": "mean the same what do you think they", "fUrHJHNISDc-00113-00024436-00024900": "mean", "fUrHJHNISDc-00114-00024652-00024980": "it'll be clear once I tell you but you", "fUrHJHNISDc-00115-00024900-00025340": "can't just", "fUrHJHNISDc-00116-00024980-00025676": "guess from their config from seeing them", "fUrHJHNISDc-00117-00025340-00026036": "they mean cat the German sign language", "fUrHJHNISDc-00118-00025676-00026172": "imitates the whiskers expanding them", "fUrHJHNISDc-00119-00026036-00026404": "like this", "fUrHJHNISDc-00120-00026172-00026532": "and the Swedish sign language", "fUrHJHNISDc-00121-00026404-00026868": "imitates the action", "fUrHJHNISDc-00122-00026532-00027084": "of petting but you can", "fUrHJHNISDc-00123-00026868-00027212": "understand what they mean only in", "fUrHJHNISDc-00124-00027084-00027580": "retrospect", "fUrHJHNISDc-00125-00027212-00027772": "when you look at them they are inspired", "fUrHJHNISDc-00126-00027580-00027988": "by some aspect of the physical world but", "fUrHJHNISDc-00127-00027772-00028036": "they're not really imitations of what a", "fUrHJHNISDc-00128-00027988-00028260": "cat", "fUrHJHNISDc-00129-00028036-00028260": "is", "fUrHJHNISDc-00130-00028340-00028988": "likewise with these signs", "fUrHJHNISDc-00131-00028676-00029052": "there's one in ASL one in Danish Sign", "fUrHJHNISDc-00132-00028988-00029212": "Language", "fUrHJHNISDc-00133-00029052-00029372": "and the other one in Chinese Sign", "fUrHJHNISDc-00134-00029212-00029604": "Language what", "fUrHJHNISDc-00135-00029372-00029828": "do these words mean they all mean the", "fUrHJHNISDc-00136-00029604-00029828": "same", "fUrHJHNISDc-00137-00029836-00030436": "they mean tree in the language", "fUrHJHNISDc-00138-00030212-00030580": "in these languages the ASL probably", "fUrHJHNISDc-00139-00030436-00030812": "imitates the motions of", "fUrHJHNISDc-00140-00030580-00030908": "the fluttering of the leaves the Danish", "fUrHJHNISDc-00141-00030812-00031188": "one the shape", "fUrHJHNISDc-00142-00030908-00031356": "and the third one the trunk we can", "fUrHJHNISDc-00143-00031188-00031764": "recognize what they", "fUrHJHNISDc-00144-00031356-00032012": "mean only in retrospective", "fUrHJHNISDc-00145-00031764-00032124": "they are inspired in aspects of the", "fUrHJHNISDc-00146-00032012-00032540": "natural world", "fUrHJHNISDc-00147-00032124-00032844": "but they are not directly interpretable", "fUrHJHNISDc-00148-00032540-00033164": "as visual signs this is what we mean by", "fUrHJHNISDc-00149-00032844-00033396": "iconicity they have some resemblance", "fUrHJHNISDc-00150-00033164-00033468": "but there are still arbitrary signs", "fUrHJHNISDc-00151-00033396-00033836": "they're still", "fUrHJHNISDc-00152-00033468-00034164": "words spoken language", "fUrHJHNISDc-00153-00033836-00034412": "has this there's a kind of word called", "fUrHJHNISDc-00154-00034164-00034524": "an onomatopoeia which is supposed to", "fUrHJHNISDc-00155-00034412-00034756": "resemble", "fUrHJHNISDc-00156-00034524-00034892": "the sound of things in the real world", "fUrHJHNISDc-00157-00034756-00035164": "for example \"ruff\"", "fUrHJHNISDc-00158-00034892-00035196": "is supposed to be the ways dogs sound", "fUrHJHNISDc-00159-00035164-00035580": "in", "fUrHJHNISDc-00160-00035196-00035956": "English but likewise these are not", "fUrHJHNISDc-00161-00035580-00036124": "perfect imitations of how a dog sounds", "fUrHJHNISDc-00162-00035956-00036308": "if I tell you that there's a Turkish", "fUrHJHNISDc-00163-00036124-00036484": "word \"hev\"", "fUrHJHNISDc-00164-00036308-00036612": "there's no way that you could guess that", "fUrHJHNISDc-00165-00036484-00036852": "it means \"ruff\"", "fUrHJHNISDc-00166-00036612-00036996": "in Turkish you would need to know", "fUrHJHNISDc-00167-00036852-00037300": "because \"hev\"", "fUrHJHNISDc-00168-00036996-00037604": "is not a barking it's", "fUrHJHNISDc-00169-00037300-00037900": "a word that is supposed to remind you", "fUrHJHNISDc-00170-00037604-00038068": "of how barking sounds but it is an", "fUrHJHNISDc-00171-00037900-00038284": "arbitrary word", "fUrHJHNISDc-00172-00038068-00038500": "this is what we mean by iconicity it has", "fUrHJHNISDc-00173-00038284-00038708": "some resemblance but it is still", "fUrHJHNISDc-00174-00038500-00038812": "a sign that is arbitrary and you that", "fUrHJHNISDc-00175-00038708-00039188": "you have to learn", "fUrHJHNISDc-00176-00038812-00039396": "as a word so sign language", "fUrHJHNISDc-00177-00039188-00039548": "imitates the shape of objects in the", "fUrHJHNISDc-00178-00039396-00039860": "same way that onomatopoeias", "fUrHJHNISDc-00179-00039548-00040028": "imitate the sounds of animals", "fUrHJHNISDc-00180-00039860-00040180": "maybe it gets some inspiration for them", "fUrHJHNISDc-00181-00040028-00040420": "but in the end they are", "fUrHJHNISDc-00182-00040180-00040420": "words", "fUrHJHNISDc-00183-00040516-00040948": "there's a four myth which is that sign", "fUrHJHNISDc-00184-00040692-00041156": "language is only done with your hands", "fUrHJHNISDc-00185-00040948-00041300": "which is not true there's a whole", "fUrHJHNISDc-00186-00041156-00041604": "signing space", "fUrHJHNISDc-00187-00041300-00041820": "around you which people use", "fUrHJHNISDc-00188-00041604-00041964": "and it includes for example your lips", "fUrHJHNISDc-00189-00041820-00042148": "and your eyebrows", "fUrHJHNISDc-00190-00041964-00042372": "this example is from British Sign", "fUrHJHNISDc-00191-00042148-00042652": "Language as you can see on the left", "fUrHJHNISDc-00192-00042372-00042836": "there's two words \"battery\" and \"uncle\" and", "fUrHJHNISDc-00193-00042652-00043228": "the difference between those two words", "fUrHJHNISDc-00194-00042836-00043228": "is in the way you configure your lips", "fUrHJHNISDc-00195-00043252-00043780": "one is a closed lip and", "fUrHJHNISDc-00196-00043556-00043948": "closed and spread and the other one is", "fUrHJHNISDc-00197-00043780-00044140": "an open mouth", "fUrHJHNISDc-00198-00043948-00044396": "likewise with the example on the right", "fUrHJHNISDc-00199-00044140-00044692": "these are two signs that are performed", "fUrHJHNISDc-00200-00044396-00044788": "with the same hand motions but in one", "fUrHJHNISDc-00201-00044692-00044988": "the lips are", "fUrHJHNISDc-00202-00044788-00045100": "spread and closed and the other one the", "fUrHJHNISDc-00203-00044988-00045380": "lips are pursed", "fUrHJHNISDc-00204-00045100-00045452": "forward so these signs involve your", "fUrHJHNISDc-00205-00045380-00045796": "hands", "fUrHJHNISDc-00206-00045452-00046076": "and your lips", "fUrHJHNISDc-00207-00045796-00046164": "so knowing this I ask you can someone", "fUrHJHNISDc-00208-00046076-00046468": "make smart", "fUrHJHNISDc-00209-00046164-00046620": "gloves to translate for example", "fUrHJHNISDc-00210-00046468-00046956": "ASL into English", "fUrHJHNISDc-00211-00046620-00047244": "the answer is no you need to look", "fUrHJHNISDc-00212-00046956-00047444": "at your hands at the hands of someone", "fUrHJHNISDc-00213-00047244-00047692": "saying something in ASL but also", "fUrHJHNISDc-00214-00047444-00047852": "their eyebrows their mouth as we", "fUrHJHNISDc-00215-00047692-00047948": "mentioned with the conjugation of verbs", "fUrHJHNISDc-00216-00047852-00048268": "in ASL", "fUrHJHNISDc-00217-00047948-00048604": "at the configuration of their torso so", "fUrHJHNISDc-00218-00048268-00048732": "gloves won't cut it and as a matter of", "fUrHJHNISDc-00219-00048604-00048876": "fact if we wanted a computer to", "fUrHJHNISDc-00220-00048732-00049132": "understand ASL", "fUrHJHNISDc-00221-00048876-00049228": "we would need a camera that deciphers", "fUrHJHNISDc-00222-00049132-00049508": "the motions of", "fUrHJHNISDc-00223-00049228-00049996": "all of these parts so that an artificial", "fUrHJHNISDc-00224-00049508-00050228": "intelligence could recognize those words", "fUrHJHNISDc-00225-00049996-00050404": "as a quick summary I do want to", "fUrHJHNISDc-00226-00050228-00050572": "reiterate that sign languages are", "fUrHJHNISDc-00227-00050404-00050828": "full languages they're not just", "fUrHJHNISDc-00228-00050572-00050996": "imitations of english for example", "fUrHJHNISDc-00229-00050828-00051172": "sign languages have their own grammar", "fUrHJHNISDc-00230-00050996-00051324": "and their own vocabulary and there's", "fUrHJHNISDc-00231-00051172-00051532": "hundreds of sign languages around the", "fUrHJHNISDc-00232-00051324-00051780": "world they're spoken", "fUrHJHNISDc-00233-00051532-00051876": "with hands but also with other parts of", "fUrHJHNISDc-00234-00051780-00052076": "your body such as", "fUrHJHNISDc-00235-00051876-00052260": "your lips and your eyebrows so if", "fUrHJHNISDc-00236-00052076-00052612": "someone tries to sell you", "fUrHJHNISDc-00237-00052260-00052756": "ASL gloves they're no that's not going", "fUrHJHNISDc-00238-00052612-00052956": "to work", "fUrHJHNISDc-00239-00052756-00053196": "during the quarter we're going to learn", "fUrHJHNISDc-00240-00052956-00053292": "a lot more about how sign languages are", "fUrHJHNISDc-00241-00053196-00053720": "structured", "fUrHJHNISDc-00242-00053292-00054020": "and about their linguistics how to", "fUrHJHNISDc-00243-00053720-00054020": "describe them"}}, {"audio_id": "fUGdmpA0AXU", "text": {"fUGdmpA0AXU-00000-00000534-00000869": "Do you also ponder every day what kind of snack to prepare for your kids?", "fUGdmpA0AXU-00001-00000980-00001504": "Today we've decided to make a proper, nutritious, exotic cocktail.", "fUGdmpA0AXU-00002-00001668-00001960": "The main ingredient will be...", "fUGdmpA0AXU-00003-00001980-00002120": "...something really energetic.", "fUGdmpA0AXU-00004-00002570-00002808": "Some fiber for a special flavour twist.", "fUGdmpA0AXU-00005-00003018-00003240": "Then something to flesh out the scent.", "fUGdmpA0AXU-00006-00003542-00003878": "And finally, a pinch of secret spice - that's the key!", "fUGdmpA0AXU-00007-00004272-00004526": "Alright. Let's get into it!", "fUGdmpA0AXU-00008-00005044-00005552": "DO YOU FIND IT MIXED UP?", "fUGdmpA0AXU-00009-00005876-00006092": "Yoohoo, kids! Breakfast is served!", "fUGdmpA0AXU-00010-00006294-00006730": "Recyling toxic plastics is, at the present time possible due to current European rules.", "fUGdmpA0AXU-00011-00006759-00007320": "Poisonous material from old TVs, video-recorders or car parts comes later back to us and on our plates, literally.", "fUGdmpA0AXU-00012-00007334-00007572": "If you also disagree with exporting toxics", "fUGdmpA0AXU-00013-00007588-00007918": "later on to be transformed into e.g. children's toys", "fUGdmpA0AXU-00014-00007958-00008312": "sign the appeal at Recyklujbezjedu.cz", "fUGdmpA0AXU-00015-00008322-00008586": "There you'll also find out recipe for a healthier future.", "fUGdmpA0AXU-00016-00008606-00008828": "TOXIC-FREE RECYCLING"}}, {"audio_id": "fUPzTREVw9M", "text": {"fUPzTREVw9M-00000-00001528-00002056": "no there i see them coming it's like missile dodge oh my god i have a feisty one", "fUPzTREVw9M-00001-00002312-00003032": "if we pulverize or it gives us 210 dust now 110 dust", "fUPzTREVw9M-00002-00003032-00003752": "will make one ingot so we double the amount of oars we get if we pulverize it first what", "fUPzTREVw9M-00003-00003928-00004816": "dude if don't kill me my grave will be up here i'm running away from you we need nickel nickel", "fUPzTREVw9M-00004-00005056-00005424": "basically all i need is like if you find iron ore give it to me", "fUPzTREVw9M-00005-00005424-00005784": "i'll literally give it back to you i just like the nickel it comes with", "fUPzTREVw9M-00006-00006623-00007184": "lightning", "fUPzTREVw9M-00007-00007936-00008600": "thing is huge now it's like the size of two villager houses it's about half the size of", "fUPzTREVw9M-00008-00008600-00009088": "my dick then you should jump off a cliff with slime boots in real life and see what happens", "fUPzTREVw9M-00009-00009304-00009984": "break my [__] legs hypothetically blind boots worked like at all you would still [__] die", "fUPzTREVw9M-00010-00009984-00010752": "like the deceleration like your [__] organs would be mush an inventory trash can is an actual", "fUPzTREVw9M-00011-00010752-00011416": "gift i'm watching a tutorial on how to like tame something and the [__] guy his music is like 90", "fUPzTREVw9M-00012-00011416-00012784": "times louder than he is 10 chance okay i might go into the nether to find him try to mind some stuff", "fUPzTREVw9M-00013-00014096-00014184": "what", "fUPzTREVw9M-00014-00014640-00015240": "okay i'm safe what happens if i try to pulverize another egg oh i can what the hell", "fUPzTREVw9M-00015-00015456-00016440": "okay so netherrack it will pulverize into sulfur and gravel that's interesting do you have any um", "fUPzTREVw9M-00016-00016440-00017128": "blaze rods i need four i do i'm making an ender tank i need an ender pearl four blaze", "fUPzTREVw9M-00017-00017128-00017616": "rods and some white wool yo z-man the portal is super [__] easy come here", "fUPzTREVw9M-00018-00017704-00018024": "what we gotta go to the twilight forest yeah we can like make it like right now", "fUPzTREVw9M-00019-00018120-00018512": "um help me find like natural flowers help me find like natural flowers like", "fUPzTREVw9M-00020-00018568-00019040": "flowers [__] yeah here we need like 12 water flowers around it", "fUPzTREVw9M-00021-00019376-00020272": "and get a diamond get a diamond a diamond okay okay so we're going twilight forest huh yeah and", "fUPzTREVw9M-00022-00020272-00020720": "throw the diamond in the pool i don't i thought i don't know does it well that check it out", "fUPzTREVw9M-00023-00020952-00021184": "nice mess epic fail", "fUPzTREVw9M-00024-00021416-00021448": "wow", "fUPzTREVw9M-00025-00021656-00022144": "wait don't come pin yet okay okay wait no i found out how to get out okay what the [__]", "fUPzTREVw9M-00026-00022304-00022752": "now why am i on fire oh my god it's look at the sky it's literally raining fire", "fUPzTREVw9M-00027-00022752-00023232": "oh my god i'm being chased by a [__] where are you i might die douglas", "fUPzTREVw9M-00028-00023608-00024168": "do you not have any weapons go back to the portal trying to heal i have three hearts", "fUPzTREVw9M-00029-00024448-00025280": "i'm at the portal how i just ran back i'm healing i don't think they followed me in here that area", "fUPzTREVw9M-00030-00025280-00026183": "was like raining fire my boy bows are really bad here oh no they are what is this firefly", "fUPzTREVw9M-00031-00026360-00026744": "what we're looking for it looks like a little tiny ring and i think i see something over", "fUPzTREVw9M-00032-00026744-00027656": "here like a structure yes douglas oh my gosh he's got an ar-15 he's dead break the spawner", "fUPzTREVw9M-00033-00027895-00028183": "i got it i got a broken spot", "fUPzTREVw9M-00034-00030144-00030352": "i'll literally unkillable", "fUPzTREVw9M-00035-00030544-00031304": "except when doug hits me with his [__] bow and arrow and one taps me in the dick i'm about", "fUPzTREVw9M-00036-00031304-00031960": "to jump into a portal big dick z man why are you here you are hello hello my friend come over here", "fUPzTREVw9M-00037-00032168-00032704": "okay so i want you to take this ledge and this invar right and put the lead in the middle", "fUPzTREVw9M-00038-00032704-00033360": "you should put the lead in the middle and then you put the invars on the side to make a sandwich and", "fUPzTREVw9M-00039-00033360-00034104": "then you take the hardened fluid here's a hardened fluid intake pipe is that all i need yes follow me", "fUPzTREVw9M-00040-00034104-00035216": "now we hook it up right yes you come over here now if i'm correct and now i put the output down here", "fUPzTREVw9M-00041-00035360-00036016": "oh we don't even know pipes now come now you see these pipes now take them we're", "fUPzTREVw9M-00042-00036016-00036584": "going to take them and shift and then put all the way around so all the way around", "fUPzTREVw9M-00043-00037272-00037760": "so now it should why is it not working hold on", "fUPzTREVw9M-00044-00037896-00038232": "no don't break it don't break don't worry okay before you make that you're gonna break", "fUPzTREVw9M-00045-00038232-00038944": "the [__] tank i had to shift on it right no it should be working no it that went the other way", "fUPzTREVw9M-00046-00039176-00039952": "oh i know why you know why this is the funk tank oh i'm literally washing it it's literally going", "fUPzTREVw9M-00047-00039952-00040488": "up you're literally watching it it's literally going babe yeah and i hooked up pipes to all", "fUPzTREVw9M-00048-00040488-00041112": "of them so hopefully you're watching it fill up and like burst what's us the tank my boy", "fUPzTREVw9M-00049-00041288-00041768": "the tank ball the tank like the thing is on the top and it's just filling up", "fUPzTREVw9M-00050-00042104-00042984": "is it now good i think we have infinite power yes we have infinite power yeah that's probably why", "fUPzTREVw9M-00051-00042984-00043472": "i'm [__] lagging no it's not it's because this mod packing up optifine okay can you", "fUPzTREVw9M-00052-00043472-00043912": "like edit your game and then go install optifine and then drag and drop the folder into it", "fUPzTREVw9M-00053-00044368-00044752": "why aren't they filling up is it because it has to fill up the [__] is is the tank", "fUPzTREVw9M-00054-00044752-00045768": "like not empty it stopped filling up oh it's a big oh i know why because oh no we need a chunk loader", "fUPzTREVw9M-00055-00045768-00046424": "oh no is that a thing we can make yeah all right what am i doing take the standard chunk yes", "fUPzTREVw9M-00056-00046424-00047168": "and please place it right next to here that's why i'm standing right here yes congratulations", "fUPzTREVw9M-00057-00047280-00048096": "now we need valid items a stick no in so it says so we need either ender powder", "fUPzTREVw9M-00058-00048160-00048816": "ender pearl void powder or obsidian dust uh we need ender chest from ender storage", "fUPzTREVw9M-00059-00049000-00049664": "which is made by all right doug we're back after like uh a [__] how many months", "fUPzTREVw9M-00060-00049960-00050584": "ow what the [__] is this what is this why is this in our house", "fUPzTREVw9M-00061-00050936-00051264": "what is this please break me after server", "fUPzTREVw9M-00062-00051520-00052008": "that was probably a quest [__] they're off to your thing yes so for those wondering we stopped", "fUPzTREVw9M-00063-00052008-00052504": "playing on this because uh the guy that we were playing with kwex had a [__] mental breakdown", "fUPzTREVw9M-00064-00052504-00052928": "what the [__] is this i don't remember this did he make this well this kind of", "fUPzTREVw9M-00065-00052928-00053464": "looks cool thank you kwex for doing work and now you're not even playing anymore el bozo", "fUPzTREVw9M-00066-00053520-00054032": "please break me after sir can you [__] off you are a [__] child abuser", "fUPzTREVw9M-00067-00054304-00054840": "[__] you also for those wondering what happened to our basement uh i renovated", "fUPzTREVw9M-00068-00054840-00055304": "it but i was just by myself so i'm not even gonna include it i just renovated it can you [__] off", "fUPzTREVw9M-00069-00055504-00055991": "i have two health you just keep hitting me you are a [__] you like little kids if you hit", "fUPzTREVw9M-00070-00055991-00056616": "me again all right you are i'm putting that on twitter it was already in the air when i shot it", "fUPzTREVw9M-00071-00056912-00057584": "shut up man you're a [__] you are a [__]", "fUPzTREVw9M-00072-00058904-00059616": "of those can you shut up i don't want to hear the dana v2 [__] math tutorial right now you are a", "fUPzTREVw9M-00073-00059616-00060152": "[__] lard all right what do we do i forgot what we were doing we got to build a rocket", "fUPzTREVw9M-00074-00060208-00060752": "shut up what is this [__] this is dude [__] quest was a dumb so yeah did we", "fUPzTREVw9M-00075-00060752-00061255": "already explain what happened in summary kwex is a little [__] boy and he had a", "fUPzTREVw9M-00076-00061255-00061720": "[__] mental breakdown and tried to take over the server basically what happened he uh he", "fUPzTREVw9M-00077-00061720-00062320": "put an og an unturned official he 3d modeled an og put in an unturned official and then people", "fUPzTREVw9M-00078-00062320-00062824": "uh roasted him because it was a really [__] model yeah and then i tried to uh i remember he", "fUPzTREVw9M-00079-00062824-00063320": "got mad at me because i tried to comfort him i was like dude we all we all start somewhere and", "fUPzTREVw9M-00080-00063320-00063872": "then he's like [__] you at least i try and uh like he was like basically insulting my art", "fUPzTREVw9M-00081-00063872-00064376": "style with when i model which is literally just sticking with vanilla like styles and he's like", "fUPzTREVw9M-00082-00064376-00064879": "you never try and go anywhere else with it and i'm like well yeah because i modeled for the game", "fUPzTREVw9M-00083-00065167-00065424": "if i i think i remember him saying is dead", "fUPzTREVw9M-00084-00065479-00065984": "so that's probably why he's like a large maybe don't include that in the [__] video", "fUPzTREVw9M-00085-00066168-00066552": "here i will because it was your response so it's funny but i'll bleep it i'll keep it", "fUPzTREVw9M-00086-00066552-00067384": "out i'll bleep it look what i'm doing to your [__] wall dude you're gonna [__] that hole", "fUPzTREVw9M-00087-00067640-00067848": "no why is that taking my xp", "fUPzTREVw9M-00088-00068072-00068632": "that just took like four levels of xp oh where does it go", "fUPzTREVw9M-00089-00068752-00069384": "oh liquid xp it's in here see i don't remember this being built it's because", "fUPzTREVw9M-00090-00069384-00069864": "kwex [__] built it so he built this garbage i don't know what this is does this quarry still", "fUPzTREVw9M-00091-00069864-00070408": "work or is there not getting any power oh yeah i remember this [__] sucks the quarry sucks", "fUPzTREVw9M-00092-00070408-00070912": "because we can't hook it up to any of our electric so we have to at least we have the 911 memorial oh", "fUPzTREVw9M-00093-00070912-00071560": "yeah we have the 911 memorial wait come out to the 911 memorial zone i'm coming just look at", "fUPzTREVw9M-00094-00071560-00072184": "it yeah oh i know exactly where you're gonna do you sick [__] you're a [__] bastard", "fUPzTREVw9M-00095-00072496-00072968": "you're a bastard you're not what was the context why did we build the 911", "fUPzTREVw9M-00096-00072968-00073648": "towers okay i remember it [__] perfectly so you kept placing obsidian in my [__] house", "fUPzTREVw9M-00097-00073648-00074256": "right yeah you just kept placing it all over the place and i was like stop so i i broke it all", "fUPzTREVw9M-00098-00074256-00074736": "and then i started placing it at your place and you kept breaking it right and then this [__]", "fUPzTREVw9M-00099-00074944-00075344": "like i broke it all and then i just built a 911 memorial and i'm like here", "fUPzTREVw9M-00100-00075344-00075784": "i'll build something you aren't allowed to break and it's been there ever since", "fUPzTREVw9M-00101-00076016-00076584": "that reminds me of that it was like a cartoon where it was a sand castle it was like sand", "fUPzTREVw9M-00102-00076584-00077176": "castles the guy kept breaking their sand castle big nate so he made the [__] twin towers", "fUPzTREVw9M-00103-00077416-00077840": "alright so now we're back on track we gotta go to the moon we gotta do some [__] with like", "fUPzTREVw9M-00104-00077840-00078232": "steel or something where's the steel at we gotta like compress some penis", "fUPzTREVw9M-00105-00078320-00078936": "what how do i make this how do i make hold on all right so how do we make uh compressed steel", "fUPzTREVw9M-00106-00079000-00079800": "like underneath here there's literally yeah oh my god what is even coming to the 911 memorial", "fUPzTREVw9M-00107-00079872-00080336": "what's underneath the 911 oh yeah it's like a hole it goes all the way down to bedrock i remember", "fUPzTREVw9M-00108-00080392-00080944": "that's just sweaty we just don't talk about that we don't talk about if you go through", "fUPzTREVw9M-00109-00080944-00081672": "this imagine if a creeper explodes here you just go to hell so you're saying everyone that died", "fUPzTREVw9M-00110-00081672-00082320": "911 is in helsinki no dude you're the type of guy that sucks some penis [__] save me slave", "fUPzTREVw9M-00111-00082688-00083056": "all right mr zype zack welcome to this why is this like not", "fUPzTREVw9M-00112-00083056-00083360": "generating you're gonna make fun of arma but this [__] is way worse", "fUPzTREVw9M-00113-00083736-00084424": "being chilling bro what is going on what oh yeah that's the black hole don't touch it it's", "fUPzTREVw9M-00114-00084424-00085024": "just straight up like [__] up my screen yeah i know it's um this happened day one", "fUPzTREVw9M-00115-00085112-00085632": "uh it was like a portal here and this is like an effect and for some reason it just keeps growing", "fUPzTREVw9M-00116-00085696-00086104": "now it's like the size of a house it used to be like the size of one block", "fUPzTREVw9M-00117-00086104-00086832": "kind of weird so yeah this is like that weird thing we got oh [__] cotton yeah that's like the", "fUPzTREVw9M-00118-00086832-00087440": "i don't know someone made that the last guy that was here damn skeleton bro that [__] [__] that", "fUPzTREVw9M-00119-00087440-00088208": "[__] for powerful [__] man kill him man no man [__] man i killed him i literally killed him i", "fUPzTREVw9M-00120-00088208-00088720": "didn't have a weapon though how am i barefoot look you're even getting [__] [__] on myself", "fUPzTREVw9M-00121-00088720-00089416": "i'm lagging right now this is not good how are you lagging because my [__] pc sucks day i don't got", "fUPzTREVw9M-00122-00089416-00090152": "that [__] built for minecraft xbox sponsored computer you feel i'm really [__] this guy", "fUPzTREVw9M-00123-00090360-00090840": "he's he's going beast mode so you guys got a rocket ship remember that time we had a minecraft", "fUPzTREVw9M-00124-00090840-00091344": "server yeah this is kind of like that we're doing it again the manual rolling machine y'all", "fUPzTREVw9M-00125-00091344-00092152": "roll blunts bro we could this is the reactor what the it's pretty good it siphons love out of here", "fUPzTREVw9M-00126-00092152-00092616": "and it comes in directly from another it's like some fancy science [__] what is this like your", "fUPzTREVw9M-00127-00092616-00093208": "quarry oh my god you all don't know anything about techno what do you are you a tekken expert yeah", "fUPzTREVw9M-00128-00093512-00093984": "i do", "fUPzTREVw9M-00129-00094432-00094640": "you're getting literally your ass whooped i have nothing", "fUPzTREVw9M-00130-00095344-00095736": "dude the oh like five times i played this is just people trying to kill me", "fUPzTREVw9M-00131-00095736-00096496": "man i wonder what's going on with this the lava is going down faster than it has been replenished so", "fUPzTREVw9M-00132-00096496-00097280": "i think what i'm gonna do is break the pipe for now see if it regens i saw it refilling", "fUPzTREVw9M-00133-00097536-00098152": "give me the pipe give you the pipe you want me to lay it down i see so it goes through that", "fUPzTREVw9M-00134-00098152-00098648": "and then it pumps all the way through this yeah and it pumps through into all of these things", "fUPzTREVw9M-00135-00098736-00099192": "and all of these use lava and they generate energy if it's not pumping here then asp would not be", "fUPzTREVw9M-00136-00099192-00099672": "pumping at another so where's another you want to go in and you want to go to the nether right now", "fUPzTREVw9M-00137-00099776-00099992": "yeah i kind of want to do factory [__] on here", "fUPzTREVw9M-00138-00100664-00101248": "oh what the [__] is that there's like massive spiders in here hello try and", "fUPzTREVw9M-00139-00101248-00101744": "find it i'm gonna be back in like five minutes sorry i'm gonna go listen to your song and cry", "fUPzTREVw9M-00140-00101744-00102752": "myself the [__] what is this this is us", "fUPzTREVw9M-00141-00103024-00103783": "they went into the [__] overworld holy [__]", "fUPzTREVw9M-00142-00103840-00104448": "oh maybe they died because of the rain maybe the rain killed them oh my goodness gracious", "fUPzTREVw9M-00143-00104528-00104896": "all right portal all right so i think if i remember correctly", "fUPzTREVw9M-00144-00104976-00105392": "it should be this way down like here a little bit", "fUPzTREVw9M-00145-00105759-00106664": "no wait it's down here i think i think it's down here yes okay so this is it right here okay", "fUPzTREVw9M-00146-00106976-00107400": "what's the what's the issue oh what the [__] is", "fUPzTREVw9M-00147-00107400-00107983": "going on with this dude what is it [__] hell hound bro", "fUPzTREVw9M-00148-00108232-00108640": "jesus man wow right there's more", "fUPzTREVw9M-00149-00109359-00109904": "this is it i'm dead wait quick and of course i didn't bring food with me", "fUPzTREVw9M-00150-00110296-00110688": "okay well hopefully that'll hold me over what is wrong with this thing", "fUPzTREVw9M-00151-00110752-00111088": "i don't even know if it's [__] working or what wait a minute", "fUPzTREVw9M-00152-00111408-00111511": "oh it needs fuel", "fUPzTREVw9M-00153-00111776-00112368": "and we need to [__] put some ender pearls in it and then i think it'll just start working again", "fUPzTREVw9M-00154-00112368-00112792": "because it's not working hopefully doug won't mind me just seeing if he's got any", "fUPzTREVw9M-00155-00112792-00113392": "ender pearls i'm sure he does when he would play the server look there we go", "fUPzTREVw9M-00156-00113448-00113792": "we can last an entire day oh and there's more i'm just going to", "fUPzTREVw9M-00157-00113880-00114464": "steal these hopefully he doesn't mind it's for a good cause it's for power oh yeah i forgot i", "fUPzTREVw9M-00158-00114464-00115048": "literally don't have fall damage because i have these boots so i can just kind of just oh okay", "fUPzTREVw9M-00159-00115600-00116432": "how do i stop jumping okay so now that we have this standard world spike", "fUPzTREVw9M-00160-00116432-00117192": "all right one will last four hours everything should work normally again i hope so yeah there we", "fUPzTREVw9M-00161-00117192-00117783": "go it's it's now working again and there's a few ender pearls in there so it should last a while", "fUPzTREVw9M-00162-00117888-00118232": "so we should be good so now i'm wondering i don't know", "fUPzTREVw9M-00163-00118424-00118904": "what this stuff is i don't know what this is or this this will take your xp", "fUPzTREVw9M-00164-00119144-00119432": "i don't know what this is is this like this is an elevator", "fUPzTREVw9M-00165-00119640-00119672": "oh", "fUPzTREVw9M-00166-00120104-00120544": "huh i need to build like a bunch of [__] i need to build these heavy-duty plates", "fUPzTREVw9M-00167-00120544-00121120": "and this takes bronze and these take either bronze ingots that's what i have but i only have two", "fUPzTREVw9M-00168-00121176-00121911": "or we could just do copper and 10 together and i have a decent amount of that stuff well there's", "fUPzTREVw9M-00169-00121911-00122520": "some copper so now we can just make bronze right here so there we go but yeah with this setup", "fUPzTREVw9M-00170-00122520-00123096": "we basically have infinite energy the only thing that isn't infinite is the amount of ender pearls", "fUPzTREVw9M-00171-00123096-00123648": "that are in the machine we have enough ender pearls for a while but it's not going to last", "fUPzTREVw9M-00172-00123704-00124368": "should i make a new tweet a hundred likes and uncraft to be releases again yeah that'd be funny", "fUPzTREVw9M-00173-00124368-00125016": "yeah do it that'd be funny no one in my current thing would know what it is yeah but those people", "fUPzTREVw9M-00174-00125016-00125616": "out there would be like no way didn't you do this before and then it actually hit the light goal and", "fUPzTREVw9M-00175-00125616-00126688": "uncrafted is coming back for real peru for real for real for real for real all right i did it 100", "fUPzTREVw9M-00176-00126688-00127264": "likes and it will come back that's funny anyway do you like my lab we got like the lab down here", "fUPzTREVw9M-00177-00127504-00127959": "yeah it's all right i think it's a little bit [__] though yeah i don't know what the [__]", "fUPzTREVw9M-00178-00127959-00128600": "this is or like like what is this i don't know what why there's a rock crusher here but i'm gonna", "fUPzTREVw9M-00179-00128600-00129128": "get rid of it i think this was one of the ow hey don't murder me i'm busy", "fUPzTREVw9M-00180-00129288-00129688": "hey i'm building just surrender you don't have you obviously don't have", "fUPzTREVw9M-00181-00129688-00130383": "enough hunger to regen because you're at 3 out of 20 health", "fUPzTREVw9M-00182-00130520-00130672": "hey can i not click it what the [__]", "fUPzTREVw9M-00183-00130992-00131168": "oh it doesn't work until you leave", "fUPzTREVw9M-00184-00131384-00131784": "what don't break the glass", "fUPzTREVw9M-00185-00132032-00132704": "what the [__] man no they just yoinked all my loot take your [__] kill me", "fUPzTREVw9M-00186-00133008-00133704": "rest in peace you will be missed suck a dick through a clock suck a dick anytime", "fUPzTREVw9M-00187-00133704-00134288": "clock there's a grave from a player named smokey two down here that's me wait really", "fUPzTREVw9M-00188-00134368-00134800": "yeah i just broke it there was a cherry bomb and a bunch of cotton maybe it was one of the", "fUPzTREVw9M-00189-00134920-00135608": "what did you say like that cotton maybe maybe there was a maybe that was one of uh", "fUPzTREVw9M-00190-00135608-00136360": "the friends of that guy all right check this out i'm watching yeah that's my head what", "fUPzTREVw9M-00191-00136952-00137344": "maybe i'll do what's up don't do this don't don't touch anything don't do that", "fUPzTREVw9M-00192-00137344-00137904": "that's bad what did you do what are you doing i'm stuck in the floor", "fUPzTREVw9M-00193-00138208-00138632": "what are you even like what is oh thank you what did you even do", "fUPzTREVw9M-00194-00138896-00139224": "it's what the [__] what did you do", "fUPzTREVw9M-00195-00139408-00140184": "i'll do it again don't do it again you're [__] the man they say yeah", "fUPzTREVw9M-00196-00141448-00142008": "i'm gonna hit this yeah all right all right one sec what the [__] doug", "fUPzTREVw9M-00197-00142192-00142984": "stop why are you playing god yeah i'm ready", "fUPzTREVw9M-00198-00144288-00144800": "what is all the stuff going to your inventory yeah but half of it just drops on the ground", "fUPzTREVw9M-00199-00144992-00145528": "it's actually a good way to like form oh i wonder if we could do this in like a [__] oh my god", "fUPzTREVw9M-00200-00145528-00146104": "wait i want is he man what i wonder if we could do this like underground and it would just be", "fUPzTREVw9M-00201-00146104-00146584": "like a better quarry wait this this will actually be a good over here because these go underground", "fUPzTREVw9M-00202-00146584-00147392": "what is this no this is like a stairwell down what the what you're lagging might get what did you do", "fUPzTREVw9M-00203-00147576-00147960": "oh my god oh look at all this [__] down here", "fUPzTREVw9M-00204-00148192-00148600": "doug is playing i beat my dick getting beat right now what's going on", "fUPzTREVw9M-00205-00148688-00148872": "oh i dropped your chain boots oh [__]", "fUPzTREVw9M-00206-00149152-00149664": "and so after a little bit of shenanigans we began construction of the heavy-duty plates", "fUPzTREVw9M-00207-00149664-00150216": "necessary to construct the rocket that would take us to the moon the only things we need to do left", "fUPzTREVw9M-00208-00150216-00150840": "besides build the rocket is create a system that will fuel the rocket so that we can you know fly", "fUPzTREVw9M-00209-00150840-00152784": "and a system where we can make oxygen tanks and get oxygen on the moon all of this will be done in", "fUPzTREVw9M-00210-00153680-00154184": "uh", "fUPzTREVw9M-00211-00155976-00155984": "you"}}, {"audio_id": "fV1hbPMeNhU", "text": {}}, {"audio_id": "fV1UTf01FUk", "text": {"fV1UTf01FUk-00000-00006794-00007014": "ehh, wait, wait, wait", "fV1UTf01FUk-00001-00007062-00007459": "bro, what rear fender do you use?, bro, how do you install the rear fender?, bro, make a tutuorial installation video", "fV1UTf01FUk-00002-00007490-00007858": "so, this is a question that often arises in the comments", "fV1UTf01FUk-00003-00007959-00008406": "because they asked a lot, so I made this video", "fV1UTf01FUk-00004-00008508-00008662": "because sharing is beautiful", "fV1UTf01FUk-00005-00008988-00009200": "so what should be prepared", "fV1UTf01FUk-00006-00009280-00009670": "the first one is tools", "fV1UTf01FUk-00007-00009764-00010014": "then the rear fender klx 150 carbon model", "fV1UTf01FUk-00008-00010538-00010970": "then next is the iron plate", "fV1UTf01FUk-00009-00011022-00011244": "for the iron plate formed like this", "fV1UTf01FUk-00010-00011374-00011526": "formed like a plus sign", "fV1UTf01FUk-00011-00011742-00011882": "and the last one is coffee", "fV1UTf01FUk-00012-00011988-00012332": "yes who knows maybe when the installation is sleepy", "fV1UTf01FUk-00013-00012458-00012578": "this is just kidding bro", "fV1UTf01FUk-00014-00012630-00012941": "okay just go to the installation video", "fV1UTf01FUk-00015-00015722-00015880": "but first, I'm sorry", "fV1UTf01FUk-00016-00015900-00016213": "for video installation does not start from the initial process", "fV1UTf01FUk-00017-00016268-00016536": "because here my rear fender is mounted", "fV1UTf01FUk-00018-00016602-00017040": "and here I'm just trying to unpack again", "fV1UTf01FUk-00019-00017080-00017244": "just to show the inside like what", "fV1UTf01FUk-00020-00017284-00017434": "how to install it", "fV1UTf01FUk-00021-00017502-00017652": "which parts are changed", "fV1UTf01FUk-00022-00017714-00017890": "so that it can be installed", "fV1UTf01FUk-00023-00020020-00020588": "so the first thing to do is make a new hole in the fender", "fV1UTf01FUk-00024-00020614-00021316": "new holes for bolts needed are 4 holes", "fV1UTf01FUk-00025-00021350-00022496": "because on the fender there are only 4 holes whose position is for klx 150", "fV1UTf01FUk-00026-00022576-00023144": "so we have to make a new hole for the wr155r mounting position", "fV1UTf01FUk-00027-00027910-00028230": "so, for the position of the new hole inside there", "fV1UTf01FUk-00028-00028336-00028908": "2 at the left end and 2 again at the right end", "fV1UTf01FUk-00029-00029054-00029454": "and don't forget to attach the rubber as a booster", "fV1UTf01FUk-00030-00038510-00038712": "then after the fender is installed", "fV1UTf01FUk-00031-00038784-00039066": "Next is to attach the top lid", "fV1UTf01FUk-00032-00039126-00039622": "and for the iron plate, which looks like a plus sign", "fV1UTf01FUk-00033-00039746-00040662": "it serves to hold the top lid so as not to shake when passing through uneven roads", "fV1UTf01FUk-00034-00040782-00040936": "up to here looks easy huh?", "fV1UTf01FUk-00035-00040986-00041240": "it must be easy for something like this", "fV1UTf01FUk-00036-00041270-00041360": "no trouble", "fV1UTf01FUk-00037-00049880-00050240": "for the last, after everything is installed", "fV1UTf01FUk-00038-00050330-00050866": "then the next is to attach the lid on the left and right side and don't forget to install the seat as well", "fV1UTf01FUk-00039-00050974-00051341": "and don't forget to drink coffee so you don't get sleepy", "fV1UTf01FUk-00040-00056998-00057210": "so for the end result like this", "fV1UTf01FUk-00041-00057364-00057602": "slightly open at the back", "fV1UTf01FUk-00042-00057614-00058262": "but only slightly, so it does not really affect the appearance", "fV1UTf01FUk-00043-00058354-00058826": "so for those who install it still fails or does not fit", "fV1UTf01FUk-00044-00058955-00059786": "maybe you can check first, is the rubber installed?", "fV1UTf01FUk-00045-00059804-00060020": "right there are 4 rubbers", "fV1UTf01FUk-00046-00060174-00060362": "and if it still fails too", "fV1UTf01FUk-00047-00060414-00060967": "please try again while watching this video repeatedly until success", "fV1UTf01FUk-00048-00061022-00061454": "and don't forget to pray first, and drink coffee so you don't get sleepy", "fV1UTf01FUk-00049-00064394-00064844": "okay until here is the video, maybe that's all I can share with you guys", "fV1UTf01FUk-00050-00064914-00065312": "henceforth can be tried alone at their respective homes", "fV1UTf01FUk-00051-00065444-00065824": "I thank you for watching this video", "fV1UTf01FUk-00052-00065922-00066068": "see you in the next video"}}, {"audio_id": "fVmm77aJtu0", "text": {"fVmm77aJtu0-00000-00000066-00000266": "lara mesanza", "fVmm77aJtu0-00001-00000580-00000780": "travels the world solo", "fVmm77aJtu0-00002-00001246-00001446": "travel tips and tricks for travelling india", "fVmm77aJtu0-00003-00001622-00001822": "part 2", "fVmm77aJtu0-00004-00002276-00002476": "sup boys and gurls", "fVmm77aJtu0-00005-00002476-00002654": "welcome to video number 2", "fVmm77aJtu0-00006-00002746-00002946": "about my tips and advice on how to travel around india", "fVmm77aJtu0-00007-00003066-00003265": "i know its not next week", "fVmm77aJtu0-00008-00003268-00003468": "since im wearing the exact same clothes as last video", "fVmm77aJtu0-00009-00003560-00003760": "but im taking inspiration from the lord of the rings", "fVmm77aJtu0-00010-00003760-00003926": "and make a long videos", "fVmm77aJtu0-00011-00003926-00004056": "and chop them into bits", "fVmm77aJtu0-00012-00004064-00004264": "for those of you who are noobies im Lara", "fVmm77aJtu0-00013-00004264-00004438": "and i make videos", "fVmm77aJtu0-00014-00004438-00004574": "about how to travel solo", "fVmm77aJtu0-00015-00004574-00004730": "tips , travel advice", "fVmm77aJtu0-00016-00004730-00004922": "how to save money, backpack...", "fVmm77aJtu0-00017-00004922-00005014": "etc etc etc", "fVmm77aJtu0-00018-00005060-00005260": "if you dig this kind of stuff, subscribe!", "fVmm77aJtu0-00019-00005452-00005652": "and hit that notification bell", "fVmm77aJtu0-00020-00005652-00005838": "so you can be informed of when i put up a video!", "fVmm77aJtu0-00021-00005838-00005966": "on..fridays?", "fVmm77aJtu0-00022-00005966-00006118": "so lets start:=", "fVmm77aJtu0-00023-00006196-00006396": "i recommend that you travel india with time to spare.", "fVmm77aJtu0-00024-00006430-00006630": "when you have enough time to see it all", "fVmm77aJtu0-00025-00006718-00006918": "its a massive country", "fVmm77aJtu0-00026-00006918-00007098": "and each area is totally different", "fVmm77aJtu0-00027-00007098-00007286": "i was super shoked in the difference", "fVmm77aJtu0-00028-00007342-00007542": "between being in delhi", "fVmm77aJtu0-00029-00007542-00007723": "to being in Kolkata or Sikim", "fVmm77aJtu0-00030-00007772-00007972": "which is an area north east...", "fVmm77aJtu0-00031-00007972-00008073": "which i highly recommend", "fVmm77aJtu0-00032-00008156-00008356": "and how radically the food changes,", "fVmm77aJtu0-00033-00008356-00008492": "the people, the culture", "fVmm77aJtu0-00034-00008512-00008712": "even their religion!", "fVmm77aJtu0-00035-00008848-00009048": "even if its massive, try at least to see different regions.", "fVmm77aJtu0-00036-00009056-00009296": "dont \"just do north \" or \"just do south\"", "fVmm77aJtu0-00037-00009296-00009490": "if you can, try to cover a wider scope", "fVmm77aJtu0-00038-00009508-00009708": "a super important tip", "fVmm77aJtu0-00039-00009734-00009934": "which actually happened many times", "fVmm77aJtu0-00040-00009974-00010174": "is to always have cash. for some weird reason", "fVmm77aJtu0-00041-00010186-00010386": "the ATMs run out of money", "fVmm77aJtu0-00042-00010438-00010638": "so when you actually need cash...", "fVmm77aJtu0-00043-00010638-00010838": "you will see massive quewes of indians..", "fVmm77aJtu0-00044-00010902-00011102": "trying to take money out of one atm", "fVmm77aJtu0-00045-00011102-00011264": "and then popping on their scooter to the next atm", "fVmm77aJtu0-00046-00011264-00011422": "and then the next", "fVmm77aJtu0-00047-00011482-00011682": "and ive been in situations", "fVmm77aJtu0-00048-00011682-00011820": "where they didnt have cash in a single atm", "fVmm77aJtu0-00049-00011830-00012030": "this happens...a lot", "fVmm77aJtu0-00050-00012030-00012218": "so always have cash on you", "fVmm77aJtu0-00051-00012242-00012442": "and dont leave it till the last minute", "fVmm77aJtu0-00052-00012442-00012572": "to take money out of a cash point", "fVmm77aJtu0-00053-00012602-00012802": "and now about transport.", "fVmm77aJtu0-00054-00012802-00013018": "in my opinion, the best way to travel", "fVmm77aJtu0-00055-00013018-00013152": "is in a tuc tuc ( rickshaw)", "fVmm77aJtu0-00056-00013152-00013278": "they are small", "fVmm77aJtu0-00057-00013278-00013380": "they're cheap", "fVmm77aJtu0-00058-00013380-00013518": "and they are pretty fun", "fVmm77aJtu0-00059-00013518-00013710": "just make sure you dont get ripped off", "fVmm77aJtu0-00060-00013710-00013863": "they are super cheap", "fVmm77aJtu0-00061-00013916-00014116": "and a short journey, should cost like 50 cent", "fVmm77aJtu0-00062-00014234-00014434": "and on that note..", "fVmm77aJtu0-00063-00014434-00014632": "i really advice you...", "fVmm77aJtu0-00064-00014632-00014766": "if your train", "fVmm77aJtu0-00065-00014766-00014888": "your bus or plane", "fVmm77aJtu0-00066-00014888-00015058": "arrives really late", "fVmm77aJtu0-00067-00015058-00015206": "dont be wondering", "fVmm77aJtu0-00068-00015206-00015322": "at 3 am", "fVmm77aJtu0-00069-00015322-00015460": "in india.", "fVmm77aJtu0-00070-00015460-00015536": "get a tuc tuc.", "fVmm77aJtu0-00071-00015546-00015808": "and in terms of security, if you are travelling by train", "fVmm77aJtu0-00072-00015841-00016041": "i recommend that you buy a lock", "fVmm77aJtu0-00073-00016046-00016340": "and tie it to the bottom of your seat", "fVmm77aJtu0-00074-00016340-00016528": "this can sound like a dumb point", "fVmm77aJtu0-00075-00016528-00016716": "but if you are travelling solo", "fVmm77aJtu0-00076-00016716-00016868": "and you wanna go pee", "fVmm77aJtu0-00077-00016912-00017112": "do you really think. that someone,", "fVmm77aJtu0-00078-00017112-00017258": "who has 1000 times less money than you", "fVmm77aJtu0-00079-00017258-00017464": "and has the opportunity to rob a tourist.", "fVmm77aJtu0-00080-00017464-00017592": "hes not going to do it???", "fVmm77aJtu0-00081-00017592-00017748": "my friend and i, had a pretty dodgey experience", "fVmm77aJtu0-00082-00017748-00017960": "on one of the long distance sleeper trains", "fVmm77aJtu0-00083-00017960-00018154": "robbers, stuck their hands in the windows", "fVmm77aJtu0-00084-00018154-00018328": "from the outside, on the tracks", "fVmm77aJtu0-00085-00018328-00018552": "and they would pull peoples bags through the raillings", "fVmm77aJtu0-00086-00018576-00018776": "just put a lock on them.lol", "fVmm77aJtu0-00087-00018776-00018962": "and this is a fun one", "fVmm77aJtu0-00088-00018962-00019104": "INDIAN WEDDINGS!", "fVmm77aJtu0-00089-00019104-00019316": "i really recommend, and i think everyone does too", "fVmm77aJtu0-00090-00019318-00019518": "go to an indian wedding", "fVmm77aJtu0-00091-00019518-00019716": "and its actually preetty easy", "fVmm77aJtu0-00092-00019716-00019864": "it was on my bucket list", "fVmm77aJtu0-00093-00019868-00020068": "and im not leaving india till i go to one", "fVmm77aJtu0-00094-00020068-00020268": "they normally have like, 500 guests", "fVmm77aJtu0-00095-00020292-00020492": "and for them, having 2 white chicks", "fVmm77aJtu0-00096-00020492-00020794": "is part of the experience and gives them the edge on their wedding ( so ive been told)", "fVmm77aJtu0-00097-00020818-00021018": "so if you see someone getting married?", "fVmm77aJtu0-00098-00021034-00021234": "or you see something festive-like", "fVmm77aJtu0-00099-00021240-00021440": "join in", "fVmm77aJtu0-00100-00021440-00021652": "and if anyone speaks 2 words of english", "fVmm77aJtu0-00101-00021652-00021836": "they are going to come up to you, invite you in", "fVmm77aJtu0-00102-00021840-00022002": "make you be bridesmaids", "fVmm77aJtu0-00103-00022002-00022150": "and all kinds a crazy shit", "fVmm77aJtu0-00104-00022150-00022288": "me and my friend, where in total shock", "fVmm77aJtu0-00105-00022288-00022452": "we were just walking down the street", "fVmm77aJtu0-00106-00022452-00022630": "we heard some music, so a celebration of sorts...", "fVmm77aJtu0-00107-00022630-00022812": "a couple of indian dudes came up to use", "fVmm77aJtu0-00108-00022816-00023016": "they invited us to his \" sisters\" wedding", "fVmm77aJtu0-00109-00023016-00023178": "we had no saari,", "fVmm77aJtu0-00110-00023178-00023290": "we had no clothes", "fVmm77aJtu0-00111-00023290-00023436": "and he drunkenly said", "fVmm77aJtu0-00112-00023436-00023572": "don worry, my wife do everything", "fVmm77aJtu0-00113-00023602-00023802": "and we had the opportunity to see..", "fVmm77aJtu0-00114-00023802-00023978": "all the private and intimate parts of the wedding", "fVmm77aJtu0-00115-00023986-00024262": "and women normally are not aloud attend these parts of the ceremony", "fVmm77aJtu0-00116-00024262-00024428": "and because we were tourists. we could.", "fVmm77aJtu0-00117-00024428-00024586": "amazing.", "fVmm77aJtu0-00118-00024586-00024754": "if you have the opportunity. take it.", "fVmm77aJtu0-00119-00024756-00024988": "and now a little bit about what you need to watch out for", "fVmm77aJtu0-00120-00025002-00025290": "i was pretty surprised, but i saw this happen in multiple different cities", "fVmm77aJtu0-00121-00025302-00025502": "women, come up to you, with babies", "fVmm77aJtu0-00122-00025502-00025845": "and say \" I DONT WANT MONEY, JUST MILK FOR MY BABY\"", "fVmm77aJtu0-00123-00025845-00026014": "obviously", "fVmm77aJtu0-00124-00026014-00026132": "you fall for it", "fVmm77aJtu0-00125-00026132-00026277": "and you want to help", "fVmm77aJtu0-00126-00026277-00026454": "but they take you to a shop", "fVmm77aJtu0-00127-00026454-00026670": "and ask you to buy \" powdered sweatner milk\"", "fVmm77aJtu0-00128-00026670-00026956": "you know, the dehidrated milk for your coffee", "fVmm77aJtu0-00129-00026956-00027148": "which isnt even used for kids", "fVmm77aJtu0-00130-00027148-00027424": "and thats because its the most expensive product in most \" food stores\"", "fVmm77aJtu0-00131-00027480-00027680": "so what they do is you buy the product ( 10 euro)", "fVmm77aJtu0-00132-00027720-00027970": "they then take it back to the shop and get the 10 quid back. and a little something for the shop owner", "fVmm77aJtu0-00133-00027986-00028283": "obviously, you can give donate as much as you want", "fVmm77aJtu0-00134-00028283-00028510": "and give food and money to everyone you want", "fVmm77aJtu0-00135-00028510-00028648": "just be aware", "fVmm77aJtu0-00136-00028648-00028942": "that some take advantage of that, and scam you", "fVmm77aJtu0-00137-00028964-00029164": "another little tip", "fVmm77aJtu0-00138-00029172-00029372": "and also, a bit more for ma ladies", "fVmm77aJtu0-00139-00029372-00029558": "\" dont take selfies with strangers\"", "fVmm77aJtu0-00140-00029648-00029848": "i know this is an odd one", "fVmm77aJtu0-00141-00029916-00030116": "at the beginning of my trip i took thousands", "fVmm77aJtu0-00142-00030116-00030314": "of selfies with indians", "fVmm77aJtu0-00143-00030327-00030562": "all they know how to say is \" selfie. selfie miss \"", "fVmm77aJtu0-00144-00030574-00030774": "miss miss selfie selfie", "fVmm77aJtu0-00145-00030810-00031010": "and you agree, but they grab you", "fVmm77aJtu0-00146-00031010-00031183": "they hold on to you", "fVmm77aJtu0-00147-00031183-00031336": "they force you to take more,", "fVmm77aJtu0-00148-00031336-00031527": "10 guys appear and they all want to hug around you", "fVmm77aJtu0-00149-00031527-00031639": "they are quewing up to take them", "fVmm77aJtu0-00150-00031639-00031858": "the men are very \" rough\" and dont respect personal space", "fVmm77aJtu0-00151-00031858-00032026": "and an indian guy i met at a hostel", "fVmm77aJtu0-00152-00032026-00032202": "explained to me that this is very common", "fVmm77aJtu0-00153-00032308-00032508": "indian guys will upload these images to instagram", "fVmm77aJtu0-00154-00032508-00032670": "to facebook", "fVmm77aJtu0-00155-00032670-00032850": "and say that you are their girlfriend", "fVmm77aJtu0-00156-00032850-00033050": "they screwed you and lost their virginity", "fVmm77aJtu0-00157-00033050-00033184": "because, they , unfortunately...", "fVmm77aJtu0-00158-00033184-00033354": "think that tourists", "fVmm77aJtu0-00159-00033354-00033532": "especially female tourists", "fVmm77aJtu0-00160-00033532-00033696": "that we are sluts basically", "fVmm77aJtu0-00161-00033712-00033912": "that we are easy", "fVmm77aJtu0-00162-00033912-00034042": "in comparison to them", "fVmm77aJtu0-00163-00034042-00034232": "since most are virgins till marrieage", "fVmm77aJtu0-00164-00034250-00034562": "most marriages are still arranged", "fVmm77aJtu0-00165-00034590-00034872": "so its just somehting i dont recommend doing.", "fVmm77aJtu0-00166-00034872-00035060": "if its a family", "fVmm77aJtu0-00167-00035060-00035212": "a group of kids", "fVmm77aJtu0-00168-00035230-00035430": "and they are excited about taking a pic with a white chick", "fVmm77aJtu0-00169-00035430-00035612": "fabulous", "fVmm77aJtu0-00170-00035612-00035750": "but after hearing that,", "fVmm77aJtu0-00171-00035750-00035968": "and especially when 2 seperate indian men told me", "fVmm77aJtu0-00172-00035968-00036162": "i stopped taking pics with indians.", "fVmm77aJtu0-00173-00036204-00036404": "one of the most visited places in india", "fVmm77aJtu0-00174-00036404-00036654": "is the taj mahal", "fVmm77aJtu0-00175-00036696-00036896": "which is one of the worlds 7 wonders", "fVmm77aJtu0-00176-00036944-00037144": "and everyone wants to see it", "fVmm77aJtu0-00177-00037144-00037332": "if you decide to go", "fVmm77aJtu0-00178-00037332-00037484": "go in. the .mor.ning", "fVmm77aJtu0-00179-00037500-00037700": "you need to get up", "fVmm77aJtu0-00180-00037700-00037820": "at like 6 am", "fVmm77aJtu0-00181-00037820-00037954": "and go as soon as possible", "fVmm77aJtu0-00182-00037954-00038146": "a. because its absolutely packed", "fVmm77aJtu0-00183-00038146-00038346": "and that famous \" shot\"", "fVmm77aJtu0-00184-00038346-00038524": "of you in the center of the taj mahal..", "fVmm77aJtu0-00185-00038524-00038692": "is going to take you like an hour", "fVmm77aJtu0-00186-00038692-00038978": "b. the heat is unbearable", "fVmm77aJtu0-00187-00039026-00039288": "do you know what its like to be in a dry 50degree heat", "fVmm77aJtu0-00188-00039292-00039492": "at 1 pm. total madness", "fVmm77aJtu0-00189-00039492-00039678": "and c. the queues!", "fVmm77aJtu0-00190-00039766-00040024": "you can be waiting up to like 3 hours for your ticket", "fVmm77aJtu0-00191-00040024-00040178": "and my last tip", "fVmm77aJtu0-00192-00040178-00040334": "for this episode, number 2", "fVmm77aJtu0-00193-00040334-00040620": "of tips and advice with lara ( obvisouly laughing at myself)", "fVmm77aJtu0-00194-00040754-00040954": "is TALK TO LOCALS.", "fVmm77aJtu0-00195-00040978-00041178": "before i went to india", "fVmm77aJtu0-00196-00041178-00041276": "if im honest", "fVmm77aJtu0-00197-00041276-00041462": "i was pretty naive and ignorant", "fVmm77aJtu0-00198-00041478-00041724": "i had no idea, well a little", "fVmm77aJtu0-00199-00041752-00042004": "about the cast system", "fVmm77aJtu0-00200-00042032-00042270": "about how their religion worked", "fVmm77aJtu0-00201-00042294-00042494": "what did they believe in?", "fVmm77aJtu0-00202-00042494-00042620": "what did they think?", "fVmm77aJtu0-00203-00042620-00042800": "how did they see the outside world?", "fVmm77aJtu0-00204-00042800-00042988": "where they sexist?", "fVmm77aJtu0-00205-00043040-00043240": "are they happy?", "fVmm77aJtu0-00206-00043240-00043414": "and thats something that...", "fVmm77aJtu0-00207-00043414-00043558": "no youtube video is going to explain to you", "fVmm77aJtu0-00208-00043558-00043738": "and being in a hotel", "fVmm77aJtu0-00209-00043748-00043948": "and travelling in a touristy airconditioned taxi", "fVmm77aJtu0-00210-00043974-00044174": "and taking pics of monuments", "fVmm77aJtu0-00211-00044192-00044392": "isnt going to teach you any of that", "fVmm77aJtu0-00212-00044406-00044606": "the best way, in my opinion", "fVmm77aJtu0-00213-00044606-00044780": "to get to know india", "fVmm77aJtu0-00214-00044780-00044978": "and to get to know the country in depth", "fVmm77aJtu0-00215-00045024-00045224": "is talking to them", "fVmm77aJtu0-00216-00045224-00045378": "ask them questions.", "fVmm77aJtu0-00217-00045378-00045546": "i founf out about lovely stuff", "fVmm77aJtu0-00218-00045546-00045702": "and really really dodgey stuff", "fVmm77aJtu0-00219-00045728-00045928": "but i felt", "fVmm77aJtu0-00220-00045950-00046150": "that those conversations", "fVmm77aJtu0-00221-00046150-00046286": "with those women", "fVmm77aJtu0-00222-00046286-00046442": "those children, those families", "fVmm77aJtu0-00223-00046448-00046648": "where the best things i got out of the entire trip", "fVmm77aJtu0-00224-00046716-00046916": "so dont be scared to socialize", "fVmm77aJtu0-00225-00046922-00047122": "dont be embarrased", "fVmm77aJtu0-00226-00047122-00047262": "make the effort", "fVmm77aJtu0-00227-00047262-00047410": "you are going to learn", "fVmm77aJtu0-00228-00047410-00047562": "and be 10x more humble", "fVmm77aJtu0-00229-00047562-00047712": "then before you arrived in india", "fVmm77aJtu0-00230-00047748-00047948": "and thats all folks", "fVmm77aJtu0-00231-00047976-00048176": "i hope this video helped", "fVmm77aJtu0-00232-00048192-00048392": "if you like this type of video and want to see more", "fVmm77aJtu0-00233-00048392-00048562": "leave a message below", "fVmm77aJtu0-00234-00048564-00048840": "with any comments on what videos you would like me to make", "fVmm77aJtu0-00235-00048840-00048910": "and the usual", "fVmm77aJtu0-00236-00048910-00049102": "hit the little buttons!", "fVmm77aJtu0-00237-00049130-00049330": "because to be honest, they help me out", "fVmm77aJtu0-00238-00049330-00049482": "and that way i know if you are liking the content", "fVmm77aJtu0-00239-00049570-00049770": "and thats it, till next week !", "fVmm77aJtu0-00240-00049784-00049984": "ciao!"}}, {"audio_id": "fVv5RXp4C-y", "text": {"fVv5RXp4C-y-00000-00001224-00001660": "Sadhguru: Who became meditative in a pyramid structure?", "fVv5RXp4C-y-00001-00001660-00001960": "Pyramid was created to keep the dead.", "fVv5RXp4C-y-00002-00001960-00002302": "Pyramids were built for the dead not for the living.", "fVv5RXp4C-y-00003-00002302-00002464": "Yes?", "fVv5RXp4C-y-00004-00002464-00002992": "If you build a pyramid – even if you make a paper pyramid, you can experiment with this.", "fVv5RXp4C-y-00005-00002992-00003534": "– a pyramid should have an angle of fifty six degrees at the top, all the four angles.", "fVv5RXp4C-y-00006-00003534-00004132": "If you make a pyramid with exact fifty six degrees, even a simple paper pyramid – you take a vegetable.", "fVv5RXp4C-y-00007-00004132-00004436": "If it’s in a tropical climate, you can check this very easily.", "fVv5RXp4C-y-00008-00004436-00004934": "Suppose there is a vegetable or fruit which would normally rot in three or four days,", "fVv5RXp4C-y-00009-00004935-00005494": "take it, place it in one place and paper... a paper pyramid ensuring that the angles are correct,", "fVv5RXp4C-y-00010-00005494-00005982": "keep it on it, leave it for a week or ten days,", "fVv5RXp4C-y-00011-00005982-00006750": "you open and see there will be no rotting process; it will be shriveled up but there will be no rotting.", "fVv5RXp4C-y-00012-00006750-00007252": "Because there are five manifestations of prana.", "fVv5RXp4C-y-00013-00007252-00007488": "One of them is called as vyana.", "fVv5RXp4C-y-00014-00007489-00008218": "Vyana prana – these are prana, apana, udhana, samana and vyana –", "fVv5RXp4C-y-00015-00008218-00008678": "they are five manifestations of energy within the system.", "fVv5RXp4C-y-00016-00008678-00009224": "Vyana is in charge of the preservative nature of the body.", "fVv5RXp4C-y-00017-00009225-00009538": "So if you create a pyramidal form,", "fVv5RXp4C-y-00018-00009538-00010210": "this vyana gathers and naturally something can be preserved for a long time.", "fVv5RXp4C-y-00019-00010210-00010698": "You heard of the mummies, even their epithelial cells are still kept that way.", "fVv5RXp4C-y-00020-00010698-00011068": "They also did lots of work. It’s a lot of nasty work.", "fVv5RXp4C-y-00021-00011068-00011456": "Have you seen a mummy in reality? Have you been to Egypt?", "fVv5RXp4C-y-00022-00011456-00012072": "They did lots of work on preserving the dead because of some fancy beliefs that they had,", "fVv5RXp4C-y-00023-00012072-00012508": "but it is essentially about preservation.", "fVv5RXp4C-y-00024-00012508-00013441": "No (Laughs), I know a lot of people Pyramid Societies are promoting ‘you can meditate under a pyramid.’", "fVv5RXp4C-y-00025-00013441-00013976": "Pyramid is not for meditation; pyramid is for keeping the dead.", "fVv5RXp4C-y-00026-00013976-00014624": "If you want to preserve your great-grandfather, you can build a pyramid,", "fVv5RXp4C-y-00027-00014624-00015332": "but I would say why bother the dead; leave the dead to the dead.", "fVv5RXp4C-y-00028-00015332-00015696": "The living are your concern, isn't it?", "fVv5RXp4C-y-00029-00015696-00015826": "Yes?", "fVv5RXp4C-y-00030-00015826-00016440": "This one and the other ones around you, the living should be your concern, not the dead.", "fVv5RXp4C-y-00031-00016440-00016702": "Pyramid is for the dead.", "fVv5RXp4C-y-00032-00016702-00017542": "Some – I don't know what to call them – such people are promoting pyramid as a meditative process.", "fVv5RXp4C-y-00033-00017542-00017904": "Pyramid has nothing to do with meditation, okay?", "fVv5RXp4C-y-00034-00017904-00018386": "You need to understand, meditation is not some kind of an act.", "fVv5RXp4C-y-00035-00018386-00018602": "It is a certain quality.", "fVv5RXp4C-y-00036-00018602-00019002": "If you cultivate your body, if you cultivate your mind,", "fVv5RXp4C-y-00037-00019002-00019756": "if you cultivate your emotions and your energy to a certain level of maturity, meditation will blossom.", "fVv5RXp4C-y-00038-00019756-00020028": "You can't stop it.", "fVv5RXp4C-y-00039-00020028-00020332": "You try hard and try to meditate you will...", "fVv5RXp4C-y-00040-00020332-00020812": "you will lose your two marbles that you have in your head, that’ll also fall off.", "fVv5RXp4C-y-00041-00020812-00021098": "Yes. (Laughs)", "fVv5RXp4C-y-00042-00021098-00021480": "You do not try to flower;", "fVv5RXp4C-y-00043-00021480-00021966": "you learn to do gardening, flowers will happen.", "fVv5RXp4C-y-00044-00021966-00022072": "Yes?", "fVv5RXp4C-y-00045-00022072-00022320": "You do not try to do flowers.", "fVv5RXp4C-y-00046-00022320-00022806": "If you try to do flowers you’ll end up with plastic flowers, you will not have flowers.", "fVv5RXp4C-y-00047-00022806-00023452": "You learn gardening; if you want rose flowers in your garden, you don’t think roses -", "fVv5RXp4C-y-00048-00023452-00023988": "you think soil, you think manure, you think water, you think sunlight - isn't it?", "fVv5RXp4C-y-00049-00023988-00024476": "Like that you think body, you think mind, you think emotion, you think energy;", "fVv5RXp4C-y-00050-00024476-00024942": "do something about it, you will become meditative."}}, {"audio_id": "fV-FRxQDJLU", "text": {"fV-FRxQDJLU-00000-00000000-00000050": "."}}, {"audio_id": "fVQCwwr3VZE", "text": {"fVQCwwr3VZE-00000-00000610-00001100": "Hi, I'm Phil Burt and I was the head physio at British Cycling for 12 years, and helped set up Team Sky.", "fVQCwwr3VZE-00001-00001100-00001604": "This is gonna be our first video on cycling and injuries. But first of all,", "fVQCwwr3VZE-00002-00001604-00001938": "let's have a look at cycling as a sport and it's injury profile, so we understand", "fVQCwwr3VZE-00003-00001938-00002190": "it well. The first thing to say is,", "fVQCwwr3VZE-00004-00002190-00002442": "cycling is a very low injury sport.", "fVQCwwr3VZE-00005-00002442-00002726": "If you think about it, what's the first thing anyone does when they're injured?", "fVQCwwr3VZE-00006-00002726-00003099": "If you can't run, your physio will often put you on a bike. Go for a knee operation -", "fVQCwwr3VZE-00007-00003099-00003534": "first thing you do is cycle. And why is that? If we understand that. It's because", "fVQCwwr3VZE-00008-00003534-00004014": "cycling has hardly any eccentric forces to control - it's a two dimensional sport,", "fVQCwwr3VZE-00009-00004014-00004289": "not three dimensional like football, where you're running fast and changing", "fVQCwwr3VZE-00010-00004289-00004791": "direction, so it has lots less injurious forces going on in it,  and it's", "fVQCwwr3VZE-00011-00004791-00005136": "great, because as we all get older and wear out, one thing we can do maybe is", "fVQCwwr3VZE-00012-00005136-00005562": "not run marathons anymore, but you see a lot of 70 year old guys riding bikes really", "fVQCwwr3VZE-00013-00005562-00005989": "hard and that's the reason why. Having said that, there are cycling injuries.", "fVQCwwr3VZE-00014-00005989-00006554": "What are the top three? Knee, shoulder and lower back. So let's cross off shoulder", "fVQCwwr3VZE-00015-00006554-00006903": "first of all. The reason why it appears so high in that, is because when people fall", "fVQCwwr3VZE-00016-00006903-00007245": "off bikes, they break the collar bones basically. You fall from your bike, it's", "fVQCwwr3VZE-00017-00007245-00007584": "higher than a running position, and you fall on an outstretched hand and this", "fVQCwwr3VZE-00018-00007584-00007872": "bone takes it, and that's where you fracture. Well, we'll leave that alone for", "fVQCwwr3VZE-00019-00007872-00008178": "now, although we may well go into that at a later date and how you recover", "fVQCwwr3VZE-00020-00008178-00008610": "from that. Lower back is a whole other video, so today we're going to tackle the", "fVQCwwr3VZE-00021-00008610-00009186": "number one cycling injury which is the knee. The knee. So, what we're going to", "fVQCwwr3VZE-00022-00009186-00009582": "talk about: why is the knee the most injured joint in cycling? Well, if you", "fVQCwwr3VZE-00023-00009582-00010038": "look at a bike, our hips and pelvis are quite well supported by the saddle, and our", "fVQCwwr3VZE-00024-00010038-00010410": "foot and ankle are completely locked into a pedal, and quite often a", "fVQCwwr3VZE-00025-00010410-00010875": "carbon-fiber shoe. So foot's happy, ankle's happy, not much to do in control (unlike", "fVQCwwr3VZE-00026-00010876-00011276": "in running where there's the ground, and the trainer, toe off...) it's very, very simple.", "fVQCwwr3VZE-00027-00011276-00011476": "Bottom - completely supported.", "fVQCwwr3VZE-00028-00011476-00011778": "What's the one joint out there in the air?", "fVQCwwr3VZE-00029-00011778-00012143": "It's the knee, and it's controlling all the power from the two biggest muscle groups", "fVQCwwr3VZE-00030-00012143-00012593": "in the body: your glutes and your quads. If you're using them to pedal, the knee", "fVQCwwr3VZE-00031-00012593-00012969": "transfers all that power, between there and there, and that's why it's quite", "fVQCwwr3VZE-00032-00012969-00013374": "vulnerable, and that's why, even if you only cycle at 80 revolutions", "fVQCwwr3VZE-00033-00013374-00013815": "per minute, that's adding up to thousands of revolutions - pedal revolutions - where", "fVQCwwr3VZE-00034-00013815-00014247": "your knee is tracking through that cycling motion over a long ride. This is", "fVQCwwr3VZE-00035-00014247-00014894": "why setup's so important; cleat, pedal, saddle height, set back. This boy takes the", "fVQCwwr3VZE-00036-00014894-00015306": "brunt of it. And here's the oxymoron - cycling's really good for knees. If you", "fVQCwwr3VZE-00037-00015306-00015618": "came to me and you had a really bad knee injury, say from your football, or rugby", "fVQCwwr3VZE-00038-00015618-00016215": "career, or the netball, I reckon almost anybody can cycle as long as you", "fVQCwwr3VZE-00039-00016215-00016590": "get the setup right, because the first thing any physio do is put you on a bike", "fVQCwwr3VZE-00040-00016590-00017127": "to help your knee rehabilitate. But get it wrong, that set up, and you can", "fVQCwwr3VZE-00041-00017127-00017553": "end up with a knee injury. So obviously I'm not there with you, but I want to help", "fVQCwwr3VZE-00042-00017553-00017937": "you, so what can I tell you that might help you? Okay, so basically, if you're", "fVQCwwr3VZE-00043-00017937-00018354": "getting pain to the back of your knee, a very, a quite common cause is that your saddle is", "fVQCwwr3VZE-00044-00018354-00018651": "too high and you're having to reach too far to the pedal. So check your saddle height.", "fVQCwwr3VZE-00045-00018651-00019062": "If you're getting pain at the front of the knee, in the kneecap, that can often", "fVQCwwr3VZE-00046-00019062-00019437": "be that your saddle position is too low. We know that from good research.", "fVQCwwr3VZE-00047-00019437-00019893": "Basically as you're sitting too low, your patella gets more", "fVQCwwr3VZE-00048-00019893-00020346": "compressed and can cause pain here. If you get in pain at the incursion on the", "fVQCwwr3VZE-00049-00020346-00020787": "outside of the knee, that can quite often be that your iliotibial band - a large", "fVQCwwr3VZE-00050-00020787-00021237": "muscle band down that the outside of your thigh - is becoming too tight. Now", "fVQCwwr3VZE-00051-00021237-00021513": "that one's a little bit more difficult, you can treat the symptoms of that and", "fVQCwwr3VZE-00052-00021513-00021963": "make it feel a lot better by safe foam rolling your ITB band, releasing your", "fVQCwwr3VZE-00053-00021963-00022353": "glutes, that might need to be physio lead, you might have a go at yourself, but", "fVQCwwr3VZE-00054-00022353-00022794": "quite often iliotibial band pain, or pain on the inside of the patella", "fVQCwwr3VZE-00055-00022794-00023301": "that people often get from cycling, due to the iliotibial band pulling the", "fVQCwwr3VZE-00056-00023301-00023688": "patella that way on the knee cap, that can quite often be down to biomechanics", "fVQCwwr3VZE-00057-00023688-00024012": "and you might look at your pedal system you're using. For example, if you look at", "fVQCwwr3VZE-00058-00024012-00024357": "yourself now and walk across the living room, and if you walk like a duck with", "fVQCwwr3VZE-00059-00024357-00024780": "your feet out, and you're on a fixed pedal system like a Shimano", "fVQCwwr3VZE-00060-00024780-00025206": "or a Look that allows a little float this way, then this gets", "fVQCwwr3VZE-00061-00025206-00025668": "tightened up all the time, and  lead to knee pain. So it can be a little", "fVQCwwr3VZE-00062-00025668-00026016": "bit more involved and complicated, but there's some hopefully helpful tips for", "fVQCwwr3VZE-00063-00026016-00026547": "you guys."}}, {"audio_id": "fVU8ICvkRfI", "text": {"fVU8ICvkRfI-00000-00000096-00000329": "Prof: So today we're going to engage Modernism.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00001-00000329-00000643": "We're going to be talking principally about the music of", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00002-00000643-00000747": "Igor Stravinsky.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00003-00000747-00000946": "I should also mention Arnold Schoenberg.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00004-00000946-00001531": "Just as Verdi and Wagner were the principal composers of opera", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00005-00001531-00002009": "in the nineteenth century, so Schoenberg and Stravinsky", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00006-00002009-00002398": "were the principal proponents-- not only of instrumental music,", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00007-00002398-00002664": "but some vocal music-- in the first half of the", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00008-00002664-00002781": "twentieth century.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00009-00002781-00003097": "So we want to keep them carefully positioned on our", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00010-00003097-00003224": "radar screen here.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00011-00003224-00003495": "Igor Stravinsky, of course, was a Russian", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00012-00003495-00003637": "composer, born in St.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00013-00003637-00003733": "Petersburg.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00014-00003733-00003940": "You have the dates up there on the board, I'm sure.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00015-00003940-00004434": "He studied with Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov,", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00016-00004434-00004654": "who wrote one famous piece, Scheherazade--", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00017-00004654-00004813": "which I used to hear all the time as a kid--", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00018-00004813-00005457": "and then caught the eye of Sergei Diaghilev.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00019-00005457-00005718": "Serge Diaghilev was an impresario.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00020-00005718-00005892": "What's an impresario?", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00021-00005892-00006235": "Who can tell me what an impresario is?", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00022-00006235-00006504": "It's a fancy word for--Thaddeus.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00023-00006504-00006562": "Student: A producer.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00024-00006562-00006692": "Prof: A producer. Okay.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00025-00006692-00006920": "Think of the Broadway show \"The Producers.\"", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00026-00006920-00007182": "He's simply a producer.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00027-00007182-00007669": "And what Diaghilev was producing and importing into", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00028-00007669-00008165": "Paris from Russia was Modernist art from Russia--", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00029-00008165-00008433": "Modernist painting, Modernist ballet,", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00030-00008433-00008823": "Modernist art music, and Modernist opera.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00031-00008823-00009133": "So that's what we want to keep in mind with regard to Sergei", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00032-00009133-00009195": "Diaghilev.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00033-00009195-00009518": "And for Diaghilev, Stravinsky composed,", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00034-00009518-00009870": "early in his career, three important ballet scores,", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00035-00009870-00010128": "and you have those titles up on the board there:", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00036-00010128-00010372": "Firebird with its date-- what?", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00037-00010372-00011026": "1909--Petrushka, 1911, and then The Rite of", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00038-00011026-00011303": "Spring in 1913.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00039-00011303-00011823": "Now, the first of these ballets to really show a heavy Modernist", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00040-00011823-00012236": "content is not so much Firebird but more the", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00041-00012236-00012615": "second of this troika here, Petrushka.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00042-00012615-00013063": "It's modern because of the new approach to rhythm.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00043-00013063-00013453": "In the Romantic music that we have been listening to,", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00044-00013453-00013850": "we would hear these long, somewhat amorphous melodies,", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00045-00013850-00014128": "amorphous in terms of the rhythm.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00046-00014128-00014559": "But now here with the advent of Modernism in the twentieth", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00047-00014559-00014953": "century we get a much more driving type of rhythm.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00048-00014953-00015260": "It almost in some ways goes back to the driving rhythms of", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00049-00015260-00015518": "the Baroque except with one major difference,", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00050-00015518-00015783": "and that is that these modern rhythms are highly irregular.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00051-00015783-00016274": "What we get oftentimes are irregular meters.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00052-00016274-00016524": "What would you imagine an irregular meter is?", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00053-00016524-00016905": "Anyone want to field that one, irregular meters?", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00054-00016905-00017203": "Well, simply said, it's not a succession of", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00055-00017203-00017363": "two-four, two-four, two-four,", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00056-00017363-00017614": "two-four or three-four, three-four, but two-four,", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00057-00017614-00017812": "five-four, four-four, two-four,", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00058-00017812-00018024": "six-four, three-eight, and so on.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00059-00018024-00018334": "Each measure can have a different meter.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00060-00018334-00018525": "In addition, we also have this phenomenon", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00061-00018525-00018820": "called polymeters in which you could assign to your clarinet to", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00062-00018820-00019119": "play in three- four and your bassoon to play in four-four,", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00063-00019119-00019287": "and maybe your violins in seven-eight.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00064-00019287-00019646": "So as a result, you get something of a", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00065-00019646-00020199": "disjunctive, rhythmic texture here, disjointed rhythms.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00066-00020199-00020679": "And the second aspect of this approach to Modernism has", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00067-00020679-00021044": "something to do with the orchestration.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00068-00021044-00021427": "There's a great deal more emphasis now on percussive", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00069-00021427-00021503": "effects.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00070-00021503-00021854": "New instruments are added to the orchestra,", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00071-00021854-00022273": "instruments called the xylophone, the glockenspiel,", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00072-00022273-00022408": "the celesta.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00073-00022408-00022665": "And if you want to see a picture of some of these you", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00074-00022665-00022872": "could open your textbook at some point--", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00075-00022872-00023150": "just write this in your notes--see figure--", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00076-00023150-00023437": "I think I wrote it down here--figure ten--", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00077-00023437-00023722": "no, excuse me--five, number ten, chapter five,", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00078-00023722-00023805": "number ten.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00079-00023805-00023959": "You can see some of these percussion instruments,", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00080-00023959-00024334": "but basically they're just either sticks or pieces of metal", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00081-00024334-00024824": "bars that you beat with sticks, or, in the case of the celesta,", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00082-00024824-00025087": "you activate with a keyboard.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00083-00025087-00025467": "So we've got these two things here: driving but irregular", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00084-00025467-00025887": "rhythms and we also have this new approach to orchestration.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00085-00025887-00026331": "So let's listen to a bit now of Igor Stravinsky's ballet of", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00086-00026331-00026523": "1911, Petrushka.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00087-00026523-00027436": ">", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00088-00027436-00027657": "Can you conduct this?", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00089-00027657-00029919": ">", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00090-00029919-00030160": "Jacob and I were fooling around with this in the background,", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00091-00030160-00030350": "trying to figure out what these meters were,", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00092-00030350-00030568": "see if we could pick up these different changes,", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00093-00030568-00030905": "but they are as--and how'd we do?", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00094-00030905-00031006": "Not well.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00095-00031006-00031163": "Jacob says we did not do well.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00096-00031163-00031485": "Because without the score, it's difficult to anticipate", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00097-00031485-00031700": "which meter is going to come next.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00098-00031700-00032048": "And you heard the intense percussive effects there.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00099-00032048-00032408": "But Stravinsky's most radical statement of Modernism occurs", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00100-00032408-00032607": "not here in \"Petrushka\"", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00101-00032607-00032937": "but two years later in The Rite of Spring.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00102-00032937-00033503": "It premiered in Paris in May of 1913, and it's become something", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00103-00033503-00033951": "of a cultural icon, this whole idea of the Rite", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00104-00033951-00034116": "of Spring.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00105-00034116-00034453": "Indeed I have this book, and I've had it for quite a", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00106-00034453-00034791": "while, Rites of Spring by Modris Eksteins.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00107-00034791-00035104": "It's often required reading in the history department here,", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00108-00035104-00035201": "history program.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00109-00035201-00035486": "Has anybody ever run into this, been asked to read anything by", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00110-00035486-00035570": "Modris Eksteins?", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00111-00035570-00035924": "Well, the subtitle is here: The Great War and the Birth", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00112-00035924-00036243": "of the Modern Age, but it's not accidental", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00113-00036243-00036628": "that he is playing off of this title of a ballet of Igor", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00114-00036628-00036865": "Stravinsky, because the ballet of", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00115-00036865-00037098": "Stravinsky was a kind of watershed,", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00116-00037098-00037456": "a touchstone, the benchmark from which", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00117-00037456-00037980": "Modernism can be calculated and against which it can be", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00118-00037980-00038106": "measured.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00119-00038106-00038462": "So when the audience arrived there at the Theatre", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00120-00038462-00038901": "Champs-Elysees in Paris--and that theatre still is there.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00121-00038901-00039294": "You can walk down the Avenue Montagne--it's where Hermes is", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00122-00039294-00039577": "and Gucci and all of these fancy stores;", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00123-00039577-00039864": "it's there in Paris--and go in and still hear concerts there.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00124-00039864-00040101": "I've heard concerts in the Theatre Champs-Elysees so", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00125-00040101-00040224": "you can still do that today.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00126-00040224-00040320": "It's still functioning.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00127-00040320-00040512": "It's one of the major concert halls in Paris.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00128-00040512-00040938": "So, in any event, May 1913, the audience arrives.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00129-00040938-00041194": "They are there to hear a Russian ballet.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00130-00041194-00041417": "What kind of music do they expect to hear?", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00131-00041417-00041700": "Well, let's listen to what they were expecting to hear.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00132-00041700-00042316": ">", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00133-00042316-00042535": "So whose music is this?", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00134-00042535-00042604": "Student: Tchaikovsky.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00135-00042604-00042731": "Prof: Tchaikovsky.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00136-00042731-00043074": "Anybody--Leah, you know the title of it?", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00137-00043074-00043394": "\"Swan Lake,\" so lots of tutus and pas de", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00138-00043394-00043629": "deux up there and moving around.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00139-00043629-00044060": "So this is what they thought Russian ballet was.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00140-00044060-00044687": "So they arrive and take their seats.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00141-00044687-00044856": "The lights go down.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00142-00044856-00045295": "Everybody is properly dressed for this particular occasion and", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00143-00045295-00045605": "here is the kind of music that they hear.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00144-00045605-00047779": ">", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00145-00047779-00048200": "So that's a radically new sound, a radically new approach", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00146-00048200-00048449": "to modern art, and indeed, once again,", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00147-00048449-00048669": "if you ask, generally, cultural historians", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00148-00048669-00048939": "to put their finger on the moment that constitutes the", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00149-00048939-00049250": "beginning of Modernism it would probably be this moment of the", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00150-00049250-00049485": "performance of The Rite of Spring.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00151-00049485-00049868": "How did Stravinsky create these radically new sounds?", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00152-00049868-00050113": "Well, he did so in a couple of ways.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00153-00050113-00050842": "We've been talking before about this idea of irregular meters.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00154-00050842-00051041": "Let's see how these play out.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00155-00051041-00051212": "The music that you were just listening to--", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00156-00051212-00051587": "not the pitches but the durations--are up here on the", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00157-00051587-00051739": "board, and they're all,", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00158-00051739-00051912": "as you can see, quarter notes,", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00159-00051912-00052153": "but they are grouped in different sorts of ways,", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00160-00052153-00052292": "grouped by these accents.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00161-00052292-00052678": "So I've asked Jacob--Jacob's up here--to grab his viola now.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00162-00052678-00052990": "He's going to come over and play the sequence for us", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00163-00052990-00053301": "following the accents, and then he will be joined by", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00164-00053301-00053429": "our guest artist.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00166-00054074-00054890": ">", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00167-00054890-00055217": "Okay. So that's the way it goes.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00168-00055217-00055470": "That's all the violin--or the violist or violinist,", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00169-00055470-00055575": "all the strings do.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00170-00055575-00055778": "Let's do that one more time with our guest artist.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00171-00055778-00056021": "We're going to add percussion now.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00172-00056021-00057699": ">", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00173-00057699-00057862": "Ah, what a virtuoso duo.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00174-00057862-00058020": ">", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00175-00058020-00058432": "Okay.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00176-00058432-00058898": "So that was--Jacob, don't go away completely here.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00177-00058898-00059185": "One other point: watch Jacob's hand when he is", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00178-00059185-00059269": "doing this.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00179-00059269-00059507": "This is not the way string players normally play.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00180-00059507-00059945": "He's doing something extraordinary here and it tells", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00181-00059945-00060315": "us--we don't hear--when you play Tchaikovsky", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00182-00060315-00060495": ">", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00183-00060495-00060874": ", but that ain't what he's playing now.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00184-00060874-00061346": ">", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00185-00061346-00061549": "Okay. So what's he doing?", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00186-00061549-00061772": "He's playing all with-- Student: Down bows.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00187-00061772-00062135": "Prof: Down bows, everything down bow,", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00188-00062135-00062650": "and that's counterintuitive to your normal string teaching.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00189-00062650-00062950": "So we've taken these string instruments and instead of using", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00190-00062950-00063284": "them as these warm, vibrato-filled communicators", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00191-00063284-00063526": "we're-- in the string family we're sort", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00192-00063526-00063814": "of turning them in now to percussion instruments.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00193-00063814-00063937": "That's a very percussive effect.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00194-00063937-00064315": "So not only do we have new percussion instruments;", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00195-00064315-00064736": "we have percussive effects with the existing instruments.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00196-00064736-00065099": "And perhaps most important here is the chord,", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00197-00065099-00065512": "the music that Stravinsky is setting forth here.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00198-00065512-00065705": "It's an odd chord.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00199-00065705-00065860": "It's an odd occurrence.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00200-00065860-00066248": "What he's got here is a perfectly innocuous E major", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00201-00066248-00066311": "triad.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00202-00066311-00066441": ">", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00203-00066441-00066603": "I'll put it down here an octave.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00204-00066603-00066750": ">", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00205-00066750-00067052": "And then on top of it he's got a seventh chord starting on", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00206-00067052-00067100": "E-flat.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00207-00067100-00067325": ">", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00208-00067325-00067732": "And either--each of those--each >", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00209-00067732-00068200": "by itself is rather consonant, but you put the two of them", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00210-00068200-00068522": "together <<plays piano>>.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00211-00068522-00068840": "So this is a good example of another way that Modernism in", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00212-00068840-00069080": "music is created, and that's for the use of,", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00213-00069080-00069260": "very obviously, a polychord.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00214-00069260-00069469": "Interesting point.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00215-00069469-00069837": "I'm going to go to some slides now because it's exactly at this", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00216-00069837-00070212": "time in the history of art that painters started doing this same", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00217-00070212-00070320": "kind of thing.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00218-00070320-00070501": "So we're going to go to the first slide here.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00219-00070501-00070628": "Who painted this, please?", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00220-00070628-00070754": "Student: >", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00221-00070754-00070965": "Prof: Nice and loud.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00222-00070965-00071145": "I hear it in the back.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00223-00071145-00071196": "Student: Picasso.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00224-00071196-00071273": "Prof: Picasso. Okay.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00225-00071273-00071495": "\"Three Musicians\" by Pablo Picasso.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00226-00071495-00071955": "And what we have here is sort of one musician kind of out of", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00227-00071955-00072317": "phase with himself-- one musician and then another", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00228-00072317-00072689": "musician slightly in an irregular position against that.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00229-00072689-00073145": "Next type of slide here: This is Georges Braque,", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00230-00073145-00073617": "\"Woman with Violin,\" a little bit difficult to see", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00231-00073617-00074057": "the woman there in the context of this highly fragmented", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00232-00074057-00074146": "violin.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00233-00074146-00074587": "Now we're going to go on to Juan Gris' \"Violin\"", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00234-00074587-00075030": "and now we're going to go on to a slide taken from a book", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00235-00075030-00075337": "published in 1916by Albert Gleizes.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00237-00076413-00076748": "But we can see the point here.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00238-00076748-00077017": "Off to the left we have just a square.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00239-00077017-00077321": "And that square then is being rotated against itself.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00240-00077321-00077544": "It's being rotated itself--against itself in", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00241-00077544-00077782": "another position, rotated itself in yet another", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00242-00077782-00078067": "position, and that's all these musicians are doing.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00243-00078067-00078391": "They're taking one triad and then taking the triad right next", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00244-00078391-00078725": "to each other so the triads are slightly out of phase with each", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00245-00078725-00078778": "other.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00246-00078778-00079207": "And ultimately it produces a rather dissonant configuration.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00247-00079207-00079340": "Okay.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00248-00079340-00080570": "That's all we need here by way of the slides.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00249-00080570-00080915": "Well, the premiere of The Rite of Spring was just as", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00250-00080915-00081172": "dissonant as some of these paintings are.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00251-00081172-00081375": "Indeed, it caused a scandal.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00252-00081375-00081503": "It caused a riot.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00253-00081503-00081901": "It created the most infamous--I guess--", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00254-00081901-00082408": "riot in the history of music, and we have,", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00255-00082408-00082696": "fortunately, and they are contained here in", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00256-00082696-00083004": "Modris Eksteins's book among other places,", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00257-00083004-00083271": "some primary source accounts--people who were there", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00258-00083271-00083601": "at the time telling what it was like to be at this premiere.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00259-00083601-00083792": "So here are a couple of direct quotes.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00260-00083792-00084204": "\"Then ensued a battery of screams countered by a foil of", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00261-00084204-00084279": "applause.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00262-00084279-00084491": "We warred over art.\"", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00263-00084491-00084700": "I like that: \"warred over art.\"", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00264-00084700-00085012": "\"Or what some thought was art but others didn't.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00265-00085012-00085345": "About forty of the protesters were forced out of the theater", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00266-00085345-00085572": "by the police, but that did not quell the", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00267-00085572-00085662": "disturbance.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00268-00085662-00085971": "The lights in the auditorium were turned fully on,", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00269-00085971-00086323": "but that did not still the disjointed ravings of a mob of", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00270-00086323-00086512": "angry men and women.\"", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00271-00086512-00086612": "End quote.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00272-00086612-00086945": "And here's another direct quote.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00273-00086945-00087258": "\"I was sitting in a box in which I had rented one seat.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00274-00087258-00087546": "Three ladies sat in front of me and a young man occupied the", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00275-00087546-00087635": "place behind me.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00276-00087635-00087969": "He stood up during the course of the ballet to see more", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00277-00087969-00088032": "clearly.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00278-00088032-00088325": "The intense excitement under which he was laboring,", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00279-00088325-00088528": "thanks to the potent force of the music,", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00280-00088528-00089012": "portrayed itself presently when he began to beat rhythmically", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00281-00089012-00089375": "with his fists on the top of my head.\"", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00282-00089375-00089462": ">", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00283-00089462-00089545": ">", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00284-00089545-00089678": "End quote.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00285-00089678-00089985": "Well, what is it, again, specifically in this", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00286-00089985-00090375": "music of Stravinsky that causes this kind of reaction?", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00287-00090375-00090772": "Let me list for you--let me enumerate five things here.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00288-00090772-00090950": "One: heavy dissonance.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00289-00090950-00091225": "We just heard some of that, >", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00290-00091225-00091451": "that kind of sound, almost a cluster-type", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00291-00091451-00091729": "dissonance, heavy dissonance created by", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00292-00091729-00092165": "polychords in which we have triads and these triads are only", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00293-00092165-00092320": "a half step apart.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00294-00092320-00092487": "The roots are only a half step apart.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00295-00092487-00092625": "So one: heavy dissonance.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00296-00092625-00092944": "Two: much greater reliance on percussion: tympani,", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00297-00092944-00093232": "glockenspiel, celesta, that sort of thing.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00298-00093232-00093658": "Three: as we saw with Jacob, the use of stringed instruments", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00299-00093658-00094034": "as percussion instruments, so a new use of these", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00300-00094034-00094362": "traditional instruments, and even the piano,", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00301-00094362-00094536": "this banging on the piano.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00302-00094536-00094836": "The percussion--the piano is technically a percussion", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00303-00094836-00095119": "instrument but it's a particularly lyrical one.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00304-00095119-00095482": "Well, it's not so lyrically used here in the modern idiom.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00305-00095482-00095851": "Number four: an increased use of woodwinds.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00306-00095851-00096067": "The strings fall into the background.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00307-00096067-00096380": "The woodwinds with their potentially bright,", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00308-00096380-00096649": "brittle sound are now foregrounded.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00309-00096649-00097115": "And fifth: this idea of rhythm, driving rhythms,", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00310-00097115-00097679": "yes, but irregular rhythms and polymeters and irregular meters", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00311-00097679-00098112": "all creating this kind of disjunctive effect.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00312-00098112-00098412": "So let's listen now to a passage out of Stravinsky's", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00313-00098412-00098553": "Rite of Spring.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00314-00098553-00098624": "You heard one of them.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00315-00098624-00099099": "Let's listen to another one in which all five of these elements", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00316-00099099-00099222": "sound at once.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00317-00099222-00103427": ">", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00318-00103427-00103593": "So what do you think?", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00319-00103593-00103709": "Do you like that music?", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00320-00103709-00104049": "Brian, you've been a good student here.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00321-00104049-00104191": "You've shown up virtually every lecture.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00322-00104191-00104270": "I see you out there.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00323-00104270-00104400": "What do you think of this?", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00324-00104400-00104616": "Is this-- Student: Well,", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00325-00104616-00104792": "it's different-- Prof: It's different?", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00326-00104792-00105111": "Student: Different than the Mozart, more fast paced.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00327-00105111-00105336": "Prof: More fast paced, more sort of upbeat,", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00328-00105336-00105493": "kind of like a slap in the face.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00329-00105493-00105675": "Who doesn't like it?", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00330-00105675-00105752": "End--okay.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00331-00105752-00106019": "Caroline, honest person out there.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00332-00106019-00106101": "She doesn't like it.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00333-00106101-00106304": "At the end of the day, are you going to go home when", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00334-00106304-00106475": "it's time to relax and put on this music?", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00335-00106475-00106685": "Probably not.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00336-00106685-00106961": "Do I like this music?", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00337-00106961-00107163": "Yeah, I really do like this music.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00338-00107163-00107483": "I love this music but I've heard it a lot,", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00339-00107483-00107835": "and when I first heard it I didn't like it.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00340-00107835-00107992": "It's one of these things like sort of aural spinach or", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00341-00107992-00108025": "whatever.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00342-00108025-00108276": "You've got to really get used to it over the years,", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00343-00108276-00108507": "mushrooms or whatever it might happen to be.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00344-00108507-00108792": "I first heard this piece in nineteen sixty-seven,", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00345-00108792-00108899": "when I was a TA.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00346-00108899-00109192": "I had to teach it and I didn't really know it,", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00347-00109192-00109583": "and then I had the honor and pleasure of hearing it performed", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00348-00109583-00109752": "live in Paris in 1970.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00349-00109752-00110099": "And it was really an epiphany because I was sitting there--I", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00350-00110099-00110247": "remember it distinctly.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00351-00110247-00110483": "It was in a boxing arena, of all places,", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00352-00110483-00110834": "but they had an elevated stage and the dancers came out and", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00353-00110834-00111070": "they started going >", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00354-00111070-00111367": ", that kind of thing, and the whole arena began to", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00355-00111367-00111592": "shake and I said, \"Whoa.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00356-00111592-00111763": "I now understand. I get it.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00357-00111763-00111910": "It's not just the music.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00358-00111910-00112197": "Music is just part of this total artistic experience.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00359-00112197-00112583": "It's a kind of sympathetic vibration in conjunction with", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00360-00112583-00113005": "the kinetic experience of the dance that really brings all of", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00361-00113005-00113167": "this to life.\"", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00362-00113167-00113550": "So music here is just a kind of catalyst for the ballet and to", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00363-00113550-00113883": "really begin to appreciate something such as this,", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00364-00113883-00114080": "Stravinsky's approach to Modernism,", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00365-00114080-00114450": "we've kind of--we do, in fact--have to see it to", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00366-00114450-00114624": "experience it fully.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00367-00114624-00115010": "And that's really what we're going to do here next.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00368-00115010-00115286": "We're going to do that in section starting today.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00369-00115286-00115637": "We have a wonderful video for you of the reconstruction of", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00370-00115637-00115908": "The Rite of Spring because the initial", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00371-00115908-00116221": "choreography, which is an important part of", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00372-00116221-00116332": "this, was lost.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00373-00116332-00116650": "So a woman choreographer came along,", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00374-00116650-00116910": "Millicent Hodson, and she reconstructed all the", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00375-00116910-00117266": "choreography for this dance and then they filmed it so this is a", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00376-00117266-00117480": "wonderful opportunity to see this.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00377-00117480-00117854": "We'll be talking about this in section starting today.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00378-00117854-00117896": "Okay.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00379-00117896-00118376": "We're finished with our brief introduction to Modernism and", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00380-00118376-00118699": "where do we stand now in our course?", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00381-00118699-00119077": "Well, obviously we're pretty much at the end of it.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00382-00119077-00119407": "What do you have to do--what remains for you to do?", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00383-00119407-00119714": "Zach, what do you got to do?", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00384-00119714-00119832": "Student: My last paper.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00385-00119832-00119977": "Prof: You got to do your last paper.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00386-00119977-00120184": "Each TA will assign that last paper.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00387-00120184-00120303": "What else do you have to do?", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00388-00120303-00120482": "Student: Prepare for the final exam.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00389-00120482-00120554": "Prof: Prepare for the final exam.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00390-00120554-00120729": "We will be sending you a prep sheet.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00391-00120729-00121023": "The final exam I believe is Wednesday, the seventeenth,", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00392-00121023-00121094": "at two p.m.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00393-00121094-00121226": "and will be in this room.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00394-00121226-00121425": "Other things?", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00395-00121425-00121572": "Student: >", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00396-00121572-00121717": "Prof: Yeah, the last six Listening", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00397-00121717-00121866": "Exercises, and I think that's about it.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00398-00121866-00122150": "And, of course, in addition there's a review", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00399-00122150-00122546": "section that I and one or two of the TAs will be doing a week", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00400-00122546-00122771": "from today right back in here.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00401-00122771-00122986": "So is that the end of today?", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00402-00122986-00123190": "No, that's not the end of today.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00403-00123190-00123726": "We have a good half hour left and I'd like to work just with", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00404-00123726-00123991": "one piece and one composer.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00405-00123991-00124317": "At the end of the course, I like to do a piece that's", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00406-00124317-00124455": "really--that I love.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00407-00124455-00124717": "It doesn't really teach you much of anything.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00408-00124717-00124959": "It's an odd sensation.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00409-00124959-00125281": "Oftentimes there are really lovely pieces that I would like", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00410-00125281-00125608": "to incorporate in the textbook and in this program generally", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00411-00125608-00125974": "but I can't do it because they don't really teach us anything.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00412-00125974-00126423": "We were listening to one in section, this intro music,", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00413-00126423-00126703": "the other day by Samuel Barber.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00414-00126703-00127104": "Anybody know who wrote a famous piece--or what the name of that", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00415-00127104-00127329": "famous piece by Samuel Barber is?", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00416-00127329-00127636": "Thaddeus, Elizabeth, Raoul.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00417-00127636-00127734": "Student: \"The Adagio\"", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00418-00127734-00127989": "Prof: \"The Adagio of--for Strings\"", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00419-00127989-00128219": "by Samuel Barber, American--it's beautiful.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00420-00128219-00128417": "We should--everybody should download it for ninety-nine", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00421-00128417-00128447": "cents.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00422-00128447-00128646": "It's just gorgeous, but we don't really learn", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00423-00128646-00128732": "anything from it.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00424-00128732-00129075": "Well, this is a piece that we--we're about to hear that we", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00425-00129075-00129447": "will learn only really one thing about, and that is the idea of", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00426-00129447-00129585": "an orchestral Lied.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00427-00129585-00129928": "So I'm going to go back to one of my favorite composers and", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00428-00129928-00130070": "that is Gustav Mahler.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00429-00130070-00130443": "We talked a little bit about Gustav Mahler when we had our", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00430-00130443-00130791": "lecture on the symphony in the nineteenth century,", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00431-00130791-00131201": "and we said that Mahler was of Jewish descent,", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00432-00131201-00131515": "from what is now a portion of the Czech Republic,", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00433-00131515-00131766": "who came in to Vienna to study music.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00434-00131766-00132020": "He started as a pianist, became a conductor,", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00435-00132020-00132327": "and basically he earned his living as a conductor.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00436-00132327-00132664": "He got small-time jobs out in the provinces and then", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00437-00132664-00132954": "ultimately worked his way back to Vienna,", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00438-00132954-00133319": "where he became the conductor of the Staatsoper in", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00439-00133319-00133480": "Vienna, and if you ever go to", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00440-00133480-00133669": "Vienna--and you should all go to Vienna.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00441-00133669-00133850": "It's an incredibly musical city.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00442-00133850-00134149": "Everywhere you go you see these silhouettes of Mozart.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00443-00134149-00134278": "It is so cool.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00444-00134278-00134618": "So you have to go to--you can't walk a block without seeing", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00445-00134618-00134671": "Mozart.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00446-00134671-00134790": "It's to die for.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00447-00134790-00135061": "So there we are on the Ringstrasse with the", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00448-00135061-00135412": "great Staatsoper, and this is where Gustav Mahler", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00449-00135412-00135806": "conducted and it's still there, but Mahler was a difficult", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00450-00135806-00135985": "person to get along with.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00451-00135985-00136319": "I suppose oftentimes great artists are, geniuses are.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00452-00136319-00136579": "They tend to be self-referential and maybe", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00453-00136579-00136960": "rightly so, but in any event, he was an orchestral tyrant.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00454-00136960-00137247": "His players didn't like playing for them, and after ten years", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00455-00137247-00137404": "they didn't renew his contract.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00456-00137404-00137631": "In effect, he was fired in Vienna but,", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00457-00137631-00138011": "as good fortune had it, he was able--", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00458-00138011-00138324": "or at that time there was an opening in New York City so he", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00459-00138324-00138648": "comes to New York to conduct first the Metropolitan Opera and", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00460-00138648-00138971": "then a year or so later he took on what was to become the New", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00461-00138971-00139100": "York Philharmonic.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00462-00139100-00139333": "So there he is, the principal conductor,", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00463-00139333-00139471": "now in New York City.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00464-00139471-00140277": "Interestingly enough, on two occasions Mahler came to", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00465-00140277-00140464": "New Haven.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00466-00140464-00140609": "He came to New Haven.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00467-00140609-00141087": "He brought--first was in 1910, he brought the New York", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00468-00141087-00141582": "Philharmonic to New Haven and where did they perform?", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00469-00141582-00141988": "Where would you imagine they'd perform?", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00470-00141988-00142255": "Woolsey Hall. Okay?", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00471-00142255-00142378": "Woolsey Hall.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00472-00142378-00142715": "Woolsey Hall was built for Gustav Mahler.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00473-00142715-00142738": "No.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00474-00142738-00143130": "That's not really true, but it gets across a point:", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00475-00143130-00143569": "that Woolsey Hall was built to be a concert hall for what", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00476-00143569-00144001": "Gustav Mahler represented, which was the apotheosis,", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00477-00144001-00144291": "the ultimate flourishing, although they didn't know it", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00478-00144291-00144561": "was the ultimate at the time, of this great instrument,", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00479-00144561-00144849": "which was the nineteenth-century orchestra.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00480-00144849-00145228": "So Mahler brings the New York Philharmonic to Woolsey Hall.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00481-00145228-00145543": "The next time you're in Woolsey Hall, think of Gustav Mahler", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00482-00145543-00145719": "standing on those boards there.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00483-00145719-00146215": "And, as good luck would have it again, the concert was reviewed", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00484-00146215-00146583": "in of all places, as you can see by the handout", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00485-00146583-00146848": "for today, The Yale Daily.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00486-00146848-00146930": "How about that?", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00487-00146930-00147130": "The Yale Daily >", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00488-00147130-00147301": "reviews Gustav Mahler, astonishing.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00489-00147301-00147473": "Okay, astonishing.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00490-00147473-00147865": "And I didn't--darn it--I didn't bring my glasses today,", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00491-00147865-00148316": "but you can sort of look at the review there and it talks about", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00492-00148316-00148454": "the repertoire.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00493-00148454-00148683": "What did he perform?", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00494-00148683-00148862": "First of all, they slightly misspelled his", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00495-00148862-00148893": "name.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00496-00148893-00149145": "There's no \"e\" on Gustav in the way he spelled", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00497-00149145-00149315": "it, but that doesn't really matter.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00498-00149315-00149801": "What did they perform at this concert conducted by Mahler in", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00499-00149801-00149925": "Woolsey Hall?", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00500-00149925-00150180": "What's it say there? Elizabeth.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00501-00150180-00150347": "Student: Symphonie fantastique--", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00502-00150347-00150584": "Prof: Okay, Symphonie fantastique,", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00503-00150584-00150684": "the basis of what?", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00504-00150684-00151075": "Your Listening Exercise 34.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00505-00151075-00151161": "Okay?", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00506-00151161-00151391": "So that was one of the big pieces, the ones that you have", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00507-00151391-00151452": "just engaged.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00508-00151452-00151583": "What else, please?", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00509-00151583-00151742": "Student: Bach's suites.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00510-00151742-00151811": "Prof: Okay.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00511-00151811-00151900": "Bach orchestral suite.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00512-00151900-00152007": "It doesn't say which one.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00513-00152007-00152095": "It doesn't matter.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00514-00152095-00152223": "What else?", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00515-00152223-00152490": "Student: Strauss's >", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00516-00152490-00152672": "Prof: Yeah. That's good.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00517-00152672-00152834": "Till Eulenspiegel's Merry Pranks.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00518-00152834-00153075": "That's another one of these tone poems,", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00519-00153075-00153297": "like Zarathusta, and like Death and", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00520-00153297-00153771": "Transfiguration, by Strauss, and there was also a pianist", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00521-00153771-00154036": "there, and what did she perform,", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00522-00154036-00154144": "Olga Samaroff?", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00523-00154144-00154346": "Student: Grieg >", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00524-00154346-00154527": "Prof: Yeah, the Grieg Piano Concerto.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00525-00154527-00155047": "But no music by Mahler, because in his day Mahler was", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00526-00155047-00155576": "thought to really be more of a conductor than he was a", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00527-00155576-00155705": "composer.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00528-00155705-00155876": "We'll come back to that point in a minute.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00529-00155876-00156347": "The second time that Mahler came to New Haven was the next", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00530-00156347-00156454": "year, 1911.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00531-00156454-00156850": "He went to what was then called New Haven Hospital.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00532-00156850-00156883": "Why?", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00533-00156883-00157163": "Because he had a heart condition.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00534-00157163-00157592": "And I gather--and we have in our midst today a specialist who", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00535-00157592-00157885": "can talk to this more directly than I--", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00536-00157885-00158203": "a streptococcal infection, a lingering streptococcal", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00537-00158203-00158571": "infection in the area of the heart that had greatly weakened", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00538-00158571-00158926": "his heart so the doctors at Yale-New Haven Hospital--", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00539-00158926-00159088": "New Haven Hospital said, \"There's really nothing we", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00540-00159088-00159155": "can do for you.\"", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00541-00159155-00159500": "He goes back to New York, goes immediately back to Vienna", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00542-00159500-00159840": "and he dies within six weeks of this heart condition.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00543-00159840-00160137": "And we have--and I'm delighted to say Dr. James Hines has", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00544-00160137-00160297": "been with us all semester.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00545-00160297-00160634": "Jim, thank you for your attendance--a cardiologist.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00546-00160634-00160742": "He has been here.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00547-00160742-00160955": "You may have thought that this was just accidental,", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00548-00160955-00161139": "but in case--I was thinking this morning.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00549-00161139-00161420": "We've never told you that we had--if your heart begins to", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00550-00161420-00161727": "palpitate when you're listening to all this really great music", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00551-00161727-00161983": "and you become aphasic or something like that,", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00552-00161983-00162274": "we have an attendant here ready to serve you in the form of", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00553-00162274-00162345": "Dr. Hines.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00554-00162345-00162635": "So you've been in good hands all along and thank you,", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00555-00162635-00162757": "Jim, for being here.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00556-00162757-00163359": "So let's take a look at some of the things that Gustav Mahler", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00557-00163359-00163811": "composed here, and I think we've got a list up", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00558-00163811-00163941": "on the board.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00559-00163941-00164042": "Okay.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00560-00164042-00164251": "Symphonies: nine symphonies.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00561-00164251-00164576": "Why is it that everybody composes nine symphonies and", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00562-00164576-00164807": "then they die-- >", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00563-00164807-00164907": "--stop at eight.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00564-00164907-00164957": "No.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00565-00164957-00165304": "He composed also nine symphonies.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00566-00165304-00165620": "He composed nine symphonies and if you like Mahler,", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00567-00165620-00165985": "and I hope you will come to like Mahler, I think there's an", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00568-00165985-00166219": "entry path into these symphonies.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00569-00166219-00166374": "Start with number four.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00570-00166374-00166620": "It's the most user friendly, then number one.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00571-00166620-00166954": "We played two tracks out of number one in that symphony", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00572-00166954-00167264": "lecture so you know that it's a great piece too.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00573-00167264-00167638": "Then Symphony number five, which is worth the price of", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00574-00167638-00167985": "admission, really, if for no other reason than the", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00575-00167985-00168169": "middle movement there.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00576-00168169-00168463": "That Adagietto is just so heartbreakingly beautiful", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00577-00168463-00168653": "that no one would want to miss it,", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00578-00168653-00168994": "and then ultimately a little bit more challenging symphonies,", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00579-00168994-00169291": "bigger symphonies: number eight and number nine.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00580-00169291-00169650": "Mahler also wrote, as you can see up there,", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00581-00169650-00169880": "two collections of songs.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00582-00169880-00170289": "They're called orchestral Lieder.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00583-00170289-00170545": "We have this orchestral Lied.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00584-00170545-00170838": "It simply means orchestral song.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00585-00170838-00171222": "We've had the Lied before in our course.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00586-00171222-00171396": "Where?", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00587-00171396-00171781": "Indeed, what was the name of the Lied that we worked with?", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00588-00171781-00172504": "Composer's name, the name of the piece?", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00589-00172504-00172774": "Hm?", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00590-00172774-00173221": "Student: >", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00591-00173221-00173459": "Prof: Okay. That's it.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00592-00173459-00173582": "What was the name of the piece?", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00593-00173582-00173678": "Student: >", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00594-00173678-00173766": "Prof: \"The Elf King.\" Thank you,", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00595-00173766-00173788": "Frederick.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00596-00173788-00173947": "And who was the composer?", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00597-00173947-00174040": "Student: >", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00598-00174040-00174199": "Prof: Franz Schubert.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00599-00174199-00174233": "Okay.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00600-00174233-00174589": "So we've had a--that's a Lied for piano but now we have a Lied", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00601-00174589-00174893": "for voice and orchestra, so it tends to be bigger and", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00602-00174893-00175009": "more flamboyant.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00603-00175009-00175129": "This is a new genre.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00604-00175129-00175465": "It's longer, it's more colorful,", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00605-00175465-00176059": "yet it features a single voice singing a single text.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00606-00176059-00176449": "So we're going to focus on--now--on one of Gustav", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00607-00176449-00176887": "Mahler's orchestral Lieds, and it's talked about in the", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00608-00176887-00177260": "textbook there right before Impressionism.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00609-00177260-00177477": "No Listening Exercise on it and, as I say,", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00610-00177477-00177847": "it's in there just because I think it's a drop-dead beautiful", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00611-00177847-00178205": "piece and I want to try to proselytize a bit with regard to", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00612-00178205-00178426": "Mahler's music so it has a text.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00613-00178426-00178522": "Here's the text.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00614-00178522-00178871": "The text is by romantic German poet Friedrich Ruckert.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00615-00178871-00179466": "We're now talking about \"Ich bin der Welt abhanden", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00616-00179466-00179951": "gekommen\" by Friedrich Ruckert as set in", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00617-00179951-00180448": "this collection of five songs about 1902.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00618-00180448-00180757": "And let's take a look at the German here just for a moment,", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00619-00180757-00180987": "\"Ich bin der Welt abhanden gekommen,\"", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00620-00180987-00181236": "\"I've become detached from the world.\"", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00621-00181236-00181666": "And I thought it'd be nice to hear a German speaker,", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00622-00181666-00181900": "or somebody that speaks pretty good German,", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00623-00181900-00182174": "tackle this text so I've asked a student,", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00624-00182174-00182511": "David Narotsky to stand up, if you would.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00625-00182511-00182787": "David's applying to med school.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00626-00182787-00182850": "Right?", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00627-00182850-00183099": "You're going around for all kinds of med school interviews", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00628-00183099-00183370": "but here he's putting on his German hat for us this morning.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00629-00183370-00183632": "So read the first strophe, please, David.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00630-00183632-00184620": "Student: <<speaks German>>", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00631-00184620-00184728": "Prof: Okay.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00632-00184728-00185083": "Let's cut to the last one and a little bit more slowly and a", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00633-00185083-00185282": "little--because it slows down.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00634-00185282-00185494": "So let's read it a little more slowly.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00635-00185494-00186641": "Student: <<speaks German>>", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00636-00186641-00186716": "Prof: Okay.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00637-00186716-00186742": "Great.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00638-00186742-00186822": "Thanks very much.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00639-00186822-00187117": "So, as you can see here, this is, in a sense,", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00640-00187117-00187618": "old person's music in that this is an individual that has become", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00641-00187618-00188006": "disenchanted-- is exhausted from the trials", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00642-00188006-00188304": "and tribulations of this world.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00643-00188304-00188561": "There's that sense of \"Ich bin der Welt abhanden", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00644-00188561-00188778": "gekommen,\" I've become detached from the", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00645-00188778-00189069": "world and if you don't see much of me anymore I don't really", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00646-00189069-00189382": "care because, as it says in the last strophe,", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00647-00189382-00189736": "\"Ich bin gestorben dem Weltgetümmel,\"", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00648-00189736-00190069": "I'm dead to the tumult I guess of the world,", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00649-00190069-00190325": "\"und ruh' in einem stillen Gebiet,\"", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00650-00190325-00190716": "and I rest now in a still land, \"ich leb' allein,\"", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00651-00190716-00190957": "I'm living alone in my heaven,\"", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00652-00190957-00191285": "\"in meinem Lieben, in meinem Lied,\"", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00653-00191285-00191680": "and there it's an interesting play of the word Lied because", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00654-00191680-00191865": "it's not so much a song.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00655-00191865-00192262": "This is a metaphor for all of his music so this is an", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00656-00192262-00192667": "individual that has become detached from the world and", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00657-00192667-00193026": "simply wants to live in the world of music.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00658-00193026-00193222": "So let's listen to a bit of it now.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00659-00193222-00193860": "And it starts out with an English horn.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00660-00193860-00194116": "Somebody tell us, review for us,", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00661-00194116-00194519": "what an English horn is--talked about this before.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00662-00194519-00194601": "Jerry.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00663-00194601-00194823": "Student: >", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00664-00194823-00194985": "Prof: A lower oboe.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00665-00194985-00195105": "That's right, a lower oboe,", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00666-00195105-00195283": "and it sounds a little bit mournful,", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00667-00195283-00195509": "sounds a little bit nostalgic here,", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00668-00195509-00195866": "so we hear a lovely harp underneath and then the English", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00669-00195866-00196262": "horn will start with just one phrase and then that phrase will", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00670-00196262-00196321": "grow.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00671-00196321-00196621": "It's kind of a cell or a motive growing into a longer melody as", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00672-00196621-00196844": "we discussed in the beginning of the course.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00674-00203358-00203675": "It's an interesting song in that--I'm going to vamp here", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00675-00203675-00203791": "just for a moment.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00676-00203791-00204162": "It starts out with the harp underneath and the English horn,", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00677-00204162-00204541": "and it's a movement in which there is no brass whatsoever.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00678-00204541-00204811": "So I believe we have it set up now.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00679-00204811-00205073": "It's not to be an exciting movement, much more of a", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00680-00205073-00205188": "reflective movement.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00681-00205188-00208796": ">", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00682-00208796-00209909": "Passes off the melody to a clarinet <<music", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00683-00209909-00210303": "playing>>", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00684-00210303-00210534": "and then the voice will come in.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00685-00210534-00211669": ">", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00686-00211669-00211694": "Okay.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00687-00211694-00211850": "We're going to pause it there.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00688-00211850-00212330": "Then we will go on to a little bit of material from the climax", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00689-00212330-00212678": "of the song just by way of a preview here.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00690-00212678-00212965": "We're going to go on now to 4'47\",", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00691-00212965-00213356": "if you will, where he works up to a peak on", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00692-00213356-00213639": "this text, \"Ich leb' allein in meinem", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00693-00213639-00213769": "Himmel, in meinem Lieben,", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00694-00213769-00213876": "in meinem Lied.\"", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00695-00213876-00219317": ">", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00696-00219317-00220301": "A little bit of dissonance, >", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00697-00220301-00220817": "back to the tonic, English horn comes back in,", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00698-00220817-00221092": "builds out the melody.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00699-00221092-00223211": ">", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00700-00223211-00223238": "Okay.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00701-00223238-00223535": "Now we're going to pause it here because there's one other", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00702-00223535-00223816": "small point that I want to make and that has to do with", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00703-00223816-00223998": "a--what's called a suspension.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00704-00223998-00224416": "A suspension is something that composers set up in music to", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00705-00224416-00224711": "sort of make us feel a particular way,", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00706-00224711-00225069": "and they'll start with this by having a note be consonant", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00707-00225069-00225255": ">", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00708-00225255-00225480": "and then having--moving the harmony underneath of it", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00709-00225480-00225609": ">", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00710-00225609-00225926": "to a dissonance and then >", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00711-00225926-00226602": "resolving it to a consonant like that or maybe <<plays", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00712-00226602-00226786": "piano>>.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00713-00226786-00227155": "And the longer they sit on the dissonance, the more feeling,", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00714-00227155-00227323": "I think, is communicated.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00715-00227323-00227600": "And here at the end of the Romantic period it tends to", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00716-00227600-00227882": "be--they tend to sit on these dissonances inside of the", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00717-00227882-00228096": "suspension for a long period of time.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00718-00228096-00228500": "So we're about to hear--We're about to hear the strings go up", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00719-00228500-00228892": "and play a suspension and then the English horn will do the", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00720-00228892-00228953": "same.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00721-00228953-00230011": "There it is <<music playing>>.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00722-00230011-00230778": "Now the English horn will suspend, <<music", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00723-00230778-00231055": "playing>>", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00724-00231055-00232094": "dissonance <<music playing>>.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00725-00232094-00232315": "Okay. So that's the piece.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00726-00232315-00232537": "Now we're going to do something we've only done on one other", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00727-00232537-00232766": "occasion in the class and that is to listen to the whole piece", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00728-00232766-00232863": "from beginning to end.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00729-00232863-00233157": "I'd like to do this and it may be a little hokey I guess,", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00730-00233157-00233284": "but it doesn't matter.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00731-00233284-00233490": "I'm going to turn off all the lights here as best I can,", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00732-00233490-00233798": "and I do this because it gives you a sense,", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00733-00233798-00234125": "sometimes, of what--at least how I engage music oftentimes--", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00734-00234125-00234330": "what does it do for us?", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00735-00234330-00234507": "Well, we've talked before at the beginning.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00736-00234507-00234834": "It allows us to kind of relax, center our attention.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00737-00234834-00235021": "You're under a lot of stress at the moment.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00738-00235021-00235380": "This is the sort of climax, crunch time,", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00739-00235380-00235715": "in the academic world so this is an opportunity to kind of", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00740-00235715-00235988": "tune everything out, maybe go inside of your own", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00741-00235988-00236268": "Gebiet here, your own musical territory,", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00742-00236268-00236578": "and maybe think of things in the past,", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00743-00236578-00236895": "music as a creator of nostalgia, think of things that", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00744-00236895-00237162": "might be, music giving us a vision", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00745-00237162-00237537": "perhaps of a better world, whatever you'd like--whatever", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00746-00237537-00237859": "spin you want to put on this, but we're going to be--each of", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00747-00237859-00238178": "us is now going to go into our own zone here for about seven", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00748-00238178-00238442": "minutes as we listen to this orchestral Lied,", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00749-00238442-00238750": "\"Ich bin der Welt abhanden gekommen,\"", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00750-00238750-00238878": "by Gustav Mahler.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00751-00238878-00280357": ">", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00752-00280357-00280384": "Okay.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00753-00280384-00280671": "So that's our last piece of music for Listening to Music", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00754-00280671-00280713": "here.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00755-00280713-00280889": "Now I'm going to tell you what this class was really about.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00756-00280889-00280963": ">", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00757-00280963-00281188": "It wasn't about listening to music.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00758-00281188-00281630": "It was about saving classical music.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00759-00281630-00281705": "Why?", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00760-00281705-00281951": "Why would we want to save classical music?", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00761-00281951-00282205": "We could spend hours discussing that.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00762-00282205-00282683": "We would want to save it, arguably, because it is one of", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00763-00282683-00283084": "the things that we value in Western culture.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00764-00283084-00283169": "What do we value?", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00765-00283169-00283284": "I was thinking about this, this morning.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00766-00283284-00283438": "We've got--we just had a big election.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00767-00283438-00283575": "Right? We value democracy.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00768-00283575-00283838": "We value religious freedom.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00769-00283838-00284205": "We value equality of the sexes, of gender.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00770-00284205-00284284": "What else?", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00771-00284284-00284451": "Due process under the law.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00772-00284451-00284576": "We value Shakespeare.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00773-00284576-00284964": "We value Leonardo da Vinci and the symphonies of Mozart for", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00774-00284964-00285197": "example, and these are very important", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00775-00285197-00285562": "things and I think they're worth fighting for and worth trying to", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00776-00285562-00285630": "preserve.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00777-00285630-00285932": "Recently, somebody gave the School of Music how much money?", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00778-00285932-00286373": "One hundred million dollars to keep classical music alive.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00779-00286373-00286469": "That's a lot of money.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00780-00286469-00286711": "I've done my part, showed up here every day,", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00781-00286711-00286857": "haven't missed a minute.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00782-00286857-00287123": "Now it's time for you to do your part.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00783-00287123-00287226": "What's your part?", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00784-00287226-00287434": "You have to do the following kinds of things.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00785-00287434-00287936": "You have to continue to buy CDs and download classical music off", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00786-00287936-00288176": "of iTunes or whatever it is.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00787-00288176-00288301": "Don't steal that stuff.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00788-00288301-00288394": "Why?", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00789-00288394-00288607": "If you take that stuff for nothing, what are you doing?", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00790-00288607-00289046": "You're taking the livelihood away from Jacob and Santana and", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00791-00289046-00289396": "Lynda here, just the livelihood of musicians.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00792-00289396-00289571": "They've put their labor into it and you're taking it for", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00793-00289571-00289603": "nothing.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00794-00289603-00289711": "So download these things.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00795-00289711-00289800": "It doesn't cost all that much.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00796-00289800-00289959": "Two: get involved.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00797-00289959-00290110": "Get involved in informal singing groups,", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00798-00290110-00290319": "keep your piano lessons, if you've ever had those kinds", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00799-00290319-00290470": "of things going on, local choral groups,", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00800-00290470-00290528": "whatever.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00801-00290528-00290613": "You get out of Yale.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00802-00290613-00290692": "What do you do?", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00803-00290692-00290922": "Get on the boards of these artistic institutions,", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00804-00290922-00291142": "your local symphony, your local choral society,", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00805-00291142-00291382": "opera company, Neighborhood Music School here.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00806-00291382-00291723": "Get on the board of that and help them, those sorts of folks.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00807-00291723-00292145": "Most important, give music lessons to your", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00808-00292145-00292443": "children, adopted or natural.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00809-00292443-00292515": "Why?", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00810-00292515-00292785": "Teaches them hard work, teaches them to think", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00811-00292785-00293039": "sequentially, teaches them various forms of", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00812-00293039-00293387": "quantitative reasoning, teaches them also to be", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00813-00293387-00293973": "disciplined and teaches them to have a pride in the work product", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00814-00293973-00294280": "that they ultimately generate.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00815-00294280-00294515": "So these are the kinds of things that you can do.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00816-00294515-00294669": "I thank you for your attention.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00817-00294669-00294920": "I thank you--I thank the TAs for doing such a wonderful--and", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00818-00294920-00295057": "we've had great TAs this year.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00819-00295057-00295711": "And so I will end by quoting here Gustav Mahler once again,", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00820-00295711-00295851": "to share with you \"meinem Lieben,", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00821-00295851-00296073": "und meinem Lied,\" because it really is.", "fVU8ICvkRfI-00822-00296073-00296205": "Thanks very much."}}, {"audio_id": "fW6pf4HTNSc", "text": {"fW6pf4HTNSc-00000-00000000-00018818": "A# Minor, 148 BPM"}}, {"audio_id": "fWocoJXuVEg", "text": {"fWocoJXuVEg-00000-00000050-00031900": "The need to charge the phone outside your apartment very often arises for many (no less than the need to replenish the balance). For example, at the station, when a person had just stepped off the train, played toys all the way or called relatives, and upon arrival he still needed to call a taxi. Or you came to the mall for a toy for the girlfriend’s son, you see a bunch of toys on the shelves, you don’t know which one to choose, and you have to call your girlfriend and ask if he likes this kind of car or such a game. This is especially true for sophisticated phones and smartphones, whose charging during vigorous activity is barely enough for one day. It was for such people that entrepreneurs came up with special charging stations in which you can charge almost any electronic device when the user does not have access to an outlet or he just forgot to bring a charger from his phone. Such a station can be delivered in a shopping center, train station, school, institute, cafe, restaurant or in any other public place, so that anyone who urgently needs to recharge their phone can safely do it (for money, of course). The charging station has several cells so that several people can use it at the same time. Moreover, the user will not need to sit and wait for his phone to charge. The phone closes in a cell, access to it is protected by a password (the user himself invents a password), starts charging (this station is equipped with a universal charger suitable for almost all types of phones, iphone and ipad), and the client can go somewhere by Their business. He returns, enters his password - and receives his phone in a charged state. The Novosibirsk company Peper Plane offers these charging stations on a franchise basis. The franchise site is energybox.me (read, there is a lot and everything is written interestingly). Moreover, all the costs are a purchase, in fact, of a charging station (which costs 199 thousand rubles). There are no entry fees or monthly deductions. An entrepreneur will only have to find a suitable area, negotiate a lease and install this unit. Payback of the business (as the franchisor claims) - 4-7 months. Charging cost - 50 rubles. According to the statistics of the franchisor, an average of 27 people use the automatic charging machine per day. This is the monthly income: 50 rubles x 27 people x 30 days \\u003d 40500 rubles per month The Energy Box charging stations themselves are made in Hong Kong. And why is it better to purchase this unit on a franchise (rather than ordering separately in Hong Kong or elsewhere)? The fact is that the franchisor creates a network in Russia and the CIS countries. And it will help to promote your business through the efforts of the network. For example, he released an application that helps people find the nearest charging station. (It follows from this that the higher the proportion of your chargers in the city, the higher the probability of getting a client from this application). In addition, these chargers are equipped with an LCD monitor designed for displaying ads. Each owner of the device will be able to receive additional income from showing ads (you can immediately show how to install the device if you find advertisers). And when the federal network of these chargers has developed sufficiently (today there are only 20 franchised objects so far), then the owners of the devices will be able to receive income from federal advertising. In general, the business is quite interesting and promising (in my opinion). I remind you where to go to find out more and leave a request: energybox.me"}}, {"audio_id": "fWuTvg1zLO0", "text": {"fWuTvg1zLO0-00000-00000000-00000200": "Dakar Desert Rally"}}, {"audio_id": "fWclN9gmWNc", "text": {"fWclN9gmWNc-00000-00000000-00000173": "*swooooooosh**", "fWclN9gmWNc-00001-00000173-00000237": "*looks at you menacingly*", "fWclN9gmWNc-00002-00000244-00000354": "*THUD*"}}, {"audio_id": "fX2Mdn2DzbY", "text": {"fX2Mdn2DzbY-00000-00000428-00000628": "HELLO FRIENDS", "fX2Mdn2DzbY-00001-00000688-00001188": "WELCOME TO TECH4HINDI CHANNEL OF YOUTUBE", "fX2Mdn2DzbY-00002-00001196-00001673": "TODAY I EXPLAIN YOU HOW YOU CAN SEND MONEY TO PAYTM WALLET", "fX2Mdn2DzbY-00003-00001682-00001882": "FROM YOUR BANK ACCOUNT", "fX2Mdn2DzbY-00004-00002007-00002412": "FOR THIS WE FIRST OPEN PAYTM APP AND DO LOGIN", "fX2Mdn2DzbY-00005-00002590-00002790": "THEN GO TO ADD MONEY", "fX2Mdn2DzbY-00006-00002982-00003182": "THEN HERE IS OPTION TO ADD MONEY", "fX2Mdn2DzbY-00007-00003182-00003458": "ENTER AMOUNT YOU WISH TO ADD", "fX2Mdn2DzbY-00008-00003465-00003928": "SO HERE WE WILL ADD YOU CAN ALSO USE KEYPAD", "fX2Mdn2DzbY-00009-00003940-00004140": "THEN CLICK ON ADD MONEY", "fX2Mdn2DzbY-00010-00004644-00005002": "HERE WHAT YOU HAVE TO DO IS TAKE YOUR ATM/DEBIT CARD", "fX2Mdn2DzbY-00011-00005148-00005348": "HERE CARD NUMBER", "fX2Mdn2DzbY-00012-00005348-00005638": "AND EXPIRY DATE OF YOUR CARD /VALID TILL", "fX2Mdn2DzbY-00014-00006138-00006595": "HERE ENTER CVV NUMBER WRITTEN ON ATM'S BACK 3 DIGIT NO.", "fX2Mdn2DzbY-00016-00007078-00007466": "SO WE FILL THIS UP AND THEN CLICK ON PAY NOW", "fX2Mdn2DzbY-00017-00007895-00008330": "AND HERE IT ASK PLEASE VERIFY YOUR CONTACT DETAIL REGISTER WITH BANK", "fX2Mdn2DzbY-00018-00008494-00008890": "SO HERE I GENERATE OTP WITH REGISTERED MOBILE NUMBER", "fX2Mdn2DzbY-00019-00008934-00009288": "I WANT TO GENERATE ONE TIME PASSWORD(OTP)", "fX2Mdn2DzbY-00020-00009400-00009600": "THEN CLICK ON SUBMIT", "fX2Mdn2DzbY-00021-00009720-00009926": "CLICK ON MOBILE NUMBER AND SUBMIT", "fX2Mdn2DzbY-00022-00010550-00010940": "AS YOU CAN SEE I FILLED MY OTP", "fX2Mdn2DzbY-00023-00010940-00011140": "AND CLICK ON SUBMIT", "fX2Mdn2DzbY-00024-00012068-00012392": "SEE ITS DONE", "fX2Mdn2DzbY-00025-00012590-00012926": "SO HERE AS YOU CAN SEE", "fX2Mdn2DzbY-00026-00012926-00013126": "100 RUPEE ON YOUR PAYTM WALLET", "fX2Mdn2DzbY-00027-00013210-00013519": "HERE ORDER NUMBER AND AMOUNT", "fX2Mdn2DzbY-00028-00013704-00014188": "AND CASH PAYTM OF 100 RUPEES SHOWING", "fX2Mdn2DzbY-00030-00014372-00014622": "AND I EXPLAIN YOU ONE MORE THING", "fX2Mdn2DzbY-00031-00014622-00014822": "HOW TO SEND MONEY TO SOMEONE", "fX2Mdn2DzbY-00032-00014834-00015034": "SO FOR THIS GO TO PAY OR SEND", "fX2Mdn2DzbY-00033-00015208-00015686": "AS YOU CAN SEE MOBILE NUMBER AS IF YOU WANT TO SEND MONEY TO MOBILE NUMBER", "fX2Mdn2DzbY-00034-00015710-00016141": "RECEIVER MUST HAVE PAYTM APP INSTALLED", "fX2Mdn2DzbY-00035-00016200-00016678": "SO FILL MOBILE NUMBER AND AMOUNT", "fX2Mdn2DzbY-00036-00016748-00017244": "CLICK SEND AND IT WILL SEND MONEY", "fX2Mdn2DzbY-00037-00017256-00017416": "HERE A SEND TO BANK OPTION", "fX2Mdn2DzbY-00038-00017416-00017746": "FROM THIS YOU CAN SEND MONEY TO BANK ACCOUNT OF SOMEONE", "fX2Mdn2DzbY-00039-00017752-00018246": "FILL  ALL THE DETAILS LIKE ACCOUNT NUMBER IFSC CODE AMOUNT AND CLICK SEND", "fX2Mdn2DzbY-00040-00018294-00018740": "AND ITS DONE!!"}}, {"audio_id": "fX3m0vEuwK0", "text": {"fX3m0vEuwK0-00000-00000126-00000356": "So we've covered the academic sources?", "fX3m0vEuwK0-00001-00000401-00000712": "Yeah! but still something are missing?", "fX3m0vEuwK0-00002-00000778-00000861": "Such as？", "fX3m0vEuwK0-00003-00001016-00001444": "Maybe reports written by non-government organizations and experts", "fX3m0vEuwK0-00004-00001536-00001866": "Oh yes! But is it hard to find though?", "fX3m0vEuwK0-00005-00001907-00002012": "Not really.", "fX3m0vEuwK0-00006-00002034-00002210": "Let's try to use Google!", "fX3m0vEuwK0-00007-00002282-00002686": "But we did try google and the results were just too many!", "fX3m0vEuwK0-00008-00002730-00002998": "This time we can use Google advanced search.", "fX3m0vEuwK0-00009-00003042-00003558": "Apart from that, Google scholar is another good source for academic literatures.", "fX3m0vEuwK0-00010-00003604-00004040": "It is free, easy to use and its coverage is comprehensive!", "fX3m0vEuwK0-00011-00004068-00004118": "Yes!", "fX3m0vEuwK0-00012-00004170-00004612": "We can also make use of Google News Lab and Google Earth Pro features,", "fX3m0vEuwK0-00013-00004664-00005178": "which a lot of journalism and communication professionals heavily depend on."}}, {"audio_id": "fXxKlSx37NI", "text": {"fXxKlSx37NI-00000-00003479-00003703": "You just can't take a trip to the California central coast", "fXxKlSx37NI-00001-00003703-00003999": "without a visit to Santa Cruz.", "fXxKlSx37NI-00002-00003999-00004315": "Hey, it's surf city dude, and that's why I've got my board and my wetsuit", "fXxKlSx37NI-00003-00004315-00004470": "and I'm heading out on the water.", "fXxKlSx37NI-00004-00004470-00004926": "And joining me is the mayor of Santa Cruz, Hilary Bryant. Welcome Hilary!", "fXxKlSx37NI-00005-00004926-00005040": "Good morning, great to be here!", "fXxKlSx37NI-00006-00005040-00005490": "So, tell us about what visitors can expect when they come to the beach boardwalk area.", "fXxKlSx37NI-00007-00005490-00005800": "It's great, you know. You can go to the beach boardwalk, ride the giant dipper,", "fXxKlSx37NI-00008-00005800-00006370": "run on over to the sanctuary exploration center, hit the beach for a little while, and then jump in the ocean and cool off.", "fXxKlSx37NI-00009-00006370-00006695": "That sounds great. So that's what we're gonna do, right? Gonna teach me a few things?", "fXxKlSx37NI-00010-00006695-00006859": "We're going to teach you a few things. Cals is a good break to learn on.", "fXxKlSx37NI-00011-00006859-00007159": "and then as you get a little more experienced we'll go around the corner.", "fXxKlSx37NI-00012-00007159-00007259": "Alright, well let's go!", "fXxKlSx37NI-00013-00008450-00008767": "So I'm hanging out here with some surfing legends from Santa Cruz", "fXxKlSx37NI-00014-00008767-00009154": "at the Santa Cruz  surfing museum and we're going to learn about the history of surfing", "fXxKlSx37NI-00015-00009154-00009350": "and about this museum.", "fXxKlSx37NI-00016-00009354-00009754": "What is it you feel when you're in the water and you're sitting on your board?", "fXxKlSx37NI-00017-00009754-00010414": "It's the aesthetic quality and beauty of the light. The water is cold.", "fXxKlSx37NI-00018-00010414-00010831": "But it rivals that of the north shore of  Oahu", "fXxKlSx37NI-00019-00010831-00011400": "for geographic vicinity of the most given surf breaks within a small area.", "fXxKlSx37NI-00020-00011400-00011815": "There's point breaks and beach breaks.", "fXxKlSx37NI-00021-00011815-00012550": "and advanced, beginner, the whole bit, the whole realm is all so concise within this Santa Cruz county.", "fXxKlSx37NI-00022-00012550-00013106": "That's why we're all so keenly interested in preserving", "fXxKlSx37NI-00023-00013106-00013600": "the history of surfing and the real soul of the sport."}}, {"audio_id": "fX-t4RaWJLM", "text": {"fX-t4RaWJLM-00000-00000508-00000543": "lool"}}, {"audio_id": "fXAt1kwzam0", "text": {"fXAt1kwzam0-00000-00002300-00002400": "Welcome to  Meet The GIMP.", "fXAt1kwzam0-00001-00002500-00002900": "My name is Rolf steinort and I am recording this is Bremen, Northen Germany.", "fXAt1kwzam0-00002-00003000-00004500": "For resolutions goto Image, image properties and here you can see, this image has 508 pixels width, and 72 by 72 ppi.", "fXAt1kwzam0-00003-00004600-00004900": "ppi stands for pixels per inch.", "fXAt1kwzam0-00004-00005000-00005500": "So its 72 pixels on my screen here for one inch of screen.", "fXAt1kwzam0-00005-00005600-00006200": "ppi basically is the same as dpi (dots per inch).", "fXAt1kwzam0-00006-00006300-00006600": "And correct resolution is important for Printing.", "fXAt1kwzam0-00007-00006700-00007300": "They talk about how many dots of ink you put on one inch of paper.", "fXAt1kwzam0-00008-00007400-00008600": "In a inch long line there are nearly 300 dots per inch and they are so closely printed that you see a line and not a line of dots.", "fXAt1kwzam0-00009-00008700-00010500": "If someone wants to print a image then they may ask for the image in 300 ppi, or they may say that we need this image in 150 dpi or the quality will not be good enough.", "fXAt1kwzam0-00010-00010600-00010800": "So what can you do about this.", "fXAt1kwzam0-00011-00010900-00011200": "You can change this very easily.", "fXAt1kwzam0-00012-00011300-00011500": "Just go to Image, Scale Image.", "fXAt1kwzam0-00013-00011600-00012300": "In this dialog you can see the width, the height which we have used many times.", "fXAt1kwzam0-00014-00012400-00014000": "You can also see here ‘X’ resolution ‘Y’ resolution and the value is 72 pixels per inch and I can change it to pixels per millimeter or pixels point pica.", "fXAt1kwzam0-00015-00014100-00014500": "But let’s keep it with pixels per inch.", "fXAt1kwzam0-00016-00014600-00015900": "The X resolution and the Y resolution has 72 ppi as the value and I change it to 300 ppi.", "fXAt1kwzam0-00017-00016000-00016800": "And now I scale the image and you see here nothing has changed, except when I goto the image properties.", "fXAt1kwzam0-00018-00016900-00018200": "Here you can see now that the resolution has changed to 300 by 300 ppi and the print size is equal to 3 big stamps or so.", "fXAt1kwzam0-00019-00018300-00018600": "That’s about 4 by 3 cms.", "fXAt1kwzam0-00020-00018700-00018800": "It’s a big stamp.", "fXAt1kwzam0-00021-00018900-00019600": "So I have changed nothing with the image except for the resolution", "fXAt1kwzam0-00022-00019700-00020300": "Nothing has changed on the screen, it's still 72 pixels per inch.", "fXAt1kwzam0-00023-00020400-00020600": "This number is basically meaningless.", "fXAt1kwzam0-00024-00020700-00023000": "It gets a meaning if you know that you want to print an image in the quality of 300 dots per inch i.e really a good a value and you want to have it in lets say 10 by 15 inches, then you see that these pixels are not enough.", "fXAt1kwzam0-00025-00023100-00023400": "So you have to increase the pixels.", "fXAt1kwzam0-00026-00023500-00024900": "But the quality of the image for printer depends on how much pixels you have on the size and how long or how big the area is you want to have printed.", "fXAt1kwzam0-00027-00025000-00026000": "And that property is set by the printer and its not important that you have to set it in the image.", "fXAt1kwzam0-00028-00026100-00027100": "But if someone asks you to set the image as 200 to 300 dots per inch, just do it and don’t discuss this.", "fXAt1kwzam0-00029-00027200-00027800": "I’ll put some links to meaningful discussions about this into the show notes you can look it up there.", "fXAt1kwzam0-00030-00027900-00028300": "If i want this image for bill boards then i have to scale the image.", "fXAt1kwzam0-00031-00028400-00029000": "I think good value for bill board would be 5 dots per inch.", "fXAt1kwzam0-00032-00029100-00030900": "Scale the image and you can see nothing has changed but now in image properties, print size is 100 by 76 inches i.e 2 m 50 that would be nice poster with this image here.", "fXAt1kwzam0-00033-00031000-00031700": "This resolution is for us here basically meaningless, unless you print yourself.", "fXAt1kwzam0-00034-00031800-00032900": "For more information goto http://meetthegimp.org and if you want to send a comment, please write to info@meetthegimp.org.", "fXAt1kwzam0-00035-00033000-00033500": "This is Hemant Waidande dubbing for the Spoken Tutorial project."}}, {"audio_id": "fXU93gmpGGo", "text": {"fXU93gmpGGo-00000-00000099-00000332": "And we're going to learn three things.", "fXU93gmpGGo-00001-00000332-00000672": "First of all, looking at this power plant, we're going to", "fXU93gmpGGo-00002-00000672-00000936": "learn how a power plant works.", "fXU93gmpGGo-00003-00000936-00001438": "Basically how we burn coal or oil or natural gas and", "fXU93gmpGGo-00004-00001438-00001645": "generate electricity.", "fXU93gmpGGo-00005-00001645-00001986": "Second thing we're going to learn is about the efficiency", "fXU93gmpGGo-00006-00001986-00002237": "of each of these devices.", "fXU93gmpGGo-00007-00002237-00002603": "And the third thing that we're going to learn is when three", "fXU93gmpGGo-00008-00002603-00003074": "devices are combined together, the boiler, the turbine, and", "fXU93gmpGGo-00009-00003074-00003648": "generator, how the efficiency drops, cumulative efficiency.", "fXU93gmpGGo-00010-00003648-00003938": "So this is the part that is called the generator, what", "fXU93gmpGGo-00011-00003938-00004124": "generates the electricity.", "fXU93gmpGGo-00012-00004124-00004648": "Electricity generation is a simple operation.", "fXU93gmpGGo-00013-00004648-00004980": "If you look at the physics, it's very simple.", "fXU93gmpGGo-00014-00004980-00005289": "We need a magnet, we have a magnet here.", "fXU93gmpGGo-00015-00005289-00005532": "The red one is a magnet.", "fXU93gmpGGo-00016-00005532-00005903": "And we need a copper wire, or a conductor, basically.", "fXU93gmpGGo-00017-00005903-00006224": "A conductor is inside here, which is", "fXU93gmpGGo-00018-00006224-00006459": "wound around this armature.", "fXU93gmpGGo-00019-00006459-00006956": "And this copper wire, when it turns in the magnetic field,", "fXU93gmpGGo-00020-00006956-00007054": "you get electricity.", "fXU93gmpGGo-00021-00007054-00007231": "Let's see.", "fXU93gmpGGo-00022-00007231-00007683": "If you turn this, actually the bulb is not turning on.", "fXU93gmpGGo-00023-00007683-00008020": "The reason is we don't have enough energy here, or the", "fXU93gmpGGo-00024-00008020-00008116": "speed is not enough.", "fXU93gmpGGo-00025-00008116-00008397": "Let's look at this again.", "fXU93gmpGGo-00026-00008397-00008899": "It goes, which means that if we are able to somehow turn", "fXU93gmpGGo-00027-00008899-00009174": "this armature in the magnetic field, you can generate", "fXU93gmpGGo-00028-00009174-00009292": "electricity.", "fXU93gmpGGo-00029-00009292-00009546": "There are two ways in which you can generate electricity.", "fXU93gmpGGo-00030-00009546-00009880": "You can go to the power plant and keep on turning this when", "fXU93gmpGGo-00031-00009880-00010402": "we don't need any coal or oil natural gas, or we could use", "fXU93gmpGGo-00032-00010402-00011054": "some other way to turn this armature.", "fXU93gmpGGo-00033-00011054-00011261": "That's what I'm choosing here.", "fXU93gmpGGo-00034-00011261-00011765": "I'm using steam to turn this generator.", "fXU93gmpGGo-00035-00011765-00012080": "So to generate steam, we need a fuel.", "fXU93gmpGGo-00036-00012080-00012456": "So we have a fuel that we are going to burn and", "fXU93gmpGGo-00037-00012456-00012610": "generate the steam.", "fXU93gmpGGo-00038-00012974-00013328": "And this boiler is filled with water.", "fXU93gmpGGo-00039-00013328-00013786": "Normally this is supposed to be full with water.", "fXU93gmpGGo-00040-00013786-00014253": "And that's what we're going to do, we're going", "fXU93gmpGGo-00041-00014253-00014379": "fill this with water.", "fXU93gmpGGo-00042-00014730-00015771": "And once it is full we can start the fire.", "fXU93gmpGGo-00043-00015771-00016076": "This is closed.", "fXU93gmpGGo-00044-00016076-00016745": "Now I'm going to light this fuel.", "fXU93gmpGGo-00045-00016745-00016980": "All right, we're lighting the fuel here.", "fXU93gmpGGo-00046-00016980-00017623": "This is camp cook fuel, methenamine, smokeless fuel.", "fXU93gmpGGo-00047-00017623-00018079": "As you can see, it's a little difficult to get", "fXU93gmpGGo-00048-00018079-00018364": "it going, the fire.", "fXU93gmpGGo-00049-00018364-00019309": "But once it burns this is the place where you would be using", "fXU93gmpGGo-00050-00019309-00019713": "coal or oil or natural gas.", "fXU93gmpGGo-00051-00019713-00019919": "So I'm sticking it into this boiler.", "fXU93gmpGGo-00052-00019919-00020562": "So now the fire is inside and it is boiling this water.", "fXU93gmpGGo-00053-00020562-00020810": "This water boils and turns into steam.", "fXU93gmpGGo-00054-00020810-00021136": "I'm going to close this valve to make sure that the pressure", "fXU93gmpGGo-00055-00021136-00021741": "inside is built up to a level that it can turn this turbine.", "fXU93gmpGGo-00056-00021741-00022180": "And when this boiler really burns coal or oil natural gas,", "fXU93gmpGGo-00057-00022180-00022743": "the combustion gasses, which consists of carbon dioxide,", "fXU93gmpGGo-00058-00022743-00023031": "carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, all", "fXU93gmpGGo-00059-00023031-00023294": "of them, go through this stack.", "fXU93gmpGGo-00060-00023294-00023586": "This is where most of the pollution goes out when you", "fXU93gmpGGo-00061-00023586-00023747": "burn the fossil fuels.", "fXU93gmpGGo-00062-00023747-00024274": "And the steam goes through this pipe and then turns this", "fXU93gmpGGo-00063-00024274-00024450": "turbine, like an engine.", "fXU93gmpGGo-00064-00024450-00024909": "And when this turbine turns, you turn the generator.", "fXU93gmpGGo-00065-00024909-00025295": "I'm going to turn this one now to your side so that you can", "fXU93gmpGGo-00066-00025295-00025701": "see the fire inside the boiler here.", "fXU93gmpGGo-00067-00026169-00026355": "So you can see the fire inside the boiler.", "fXU93gmpGGo-00068-00026355-00026457": "So it is lighting up.", "fXU93gmpGGo-00069-00026457-00026845": "The fire is turning, slowly, this water into steam.", "fXU93gmpGGo-00070-00026845-00027087": "There is a glass here through which you", "fXU93gmpGGo-00071-00027087-00027214": "can see level, actually.", "fXU93gmpGGo-00072-00027214-00027658": "In a power plant the operators monitor the water level.", "fXU93gmpGGo-00073-00027658-00027995": "If the water level goes too low it's dangerous.", "fXU93gmpGGo-00074-00027995-00028151": "You're running the boiler dry.", "fXU93gmpGGo-00075-00028151-00028462": "If the water level is too high, again, there's not", "fXU93gmpGGo-00076-00028462-00028813": "enough room for this steam to be there.", "fXU93gmpGGo-00077-00028813-00029826": "So once the pressure is built, we can see how that steam", "fXU93gmpGGo-00078-00029826-00030042": "turns the turbine.", "fXU93gmpGGo-00079-00030042-00030357": "There are two things that we want to learn from here.", "fXU93gmpGGo-00080-00030357-00030585": "One side is this pollution that--", "fXU93gmpGGo-00081-00030585-00030944": "In the next chapter we'll be talking about how much of", "fXU93gmpGGo-00082-00030944-00031280": "these gases are going into the atmosphere and creating", "fXU93gmpGGo-00083-00031280-00031752": "problems for us like global warming, acid rain, and ozone", "fXU93gmpGGo-00084-00031752-00032063": "formation at the ground level, and so on.", "fXU93gmpGGo-00085-00032063-00032298": "The second pollution that you normally see from a power", "fXU93gmpGGo-00086-00032298-00032787": "plant is, not all the energy that we are putting into the", "fXU93gmpGGo-00087-00032787-00033152": "steam, really, is used to turn the turbine.", "fXU93gmpGGo-00088-00033152-00033526": "You can always see from here, when it is turning, more than", "fXU93gmpGGo-00089-00033526-00033906": "half of the energy comes out in the form of steam that is", "fXU93gmpGGo-00090-00033906-00034101": "going out like in a car.", "fXU93gmpGGo-00091-00034101-00034485": "You see the tailpipe gases coming out.", "fXU93gmpGGo-00092-00035340-00035790": "The light is going really good.", "fXU93gmpGGo-00093-00035790-00036218": "The bulb is turning on, and it's turning at high speed.", "fXU93gmpGGo-00094-00036218-00036540": "And this is where the energy is, actually the steam is", "fXU93gmpGGo-00095-00036540-00036665": "coming out.", "fXU93gmpGGo-00096-00037305-00037673": "It's really hot here, so you can see the water, actually,", "fXU93gmpGGo-00097-00037673-00037921": "condensing on my hand.", "fXU93gmpGGo-00098-00037921-00038379": "This is where half of the energy is going out, what", "fXU93gmpGGo-00099-00038379-00038498": "we're putting in.", "fXU93gmpGGo-00100-00038498-00038914": "So the efficiency of this power plant is only 35%.", "fXU93gmpGGo-00101-00038914-00039694": "90% of what we put in is coming in to the turbine here,", "fXU93gmpGGo-00102-00039694-00040212": "and this turbine is putting out only 40% of this 90%,", "fXU93gmpGGo-00103-00040212-00040706": "which is about 36 units, and this generator is turning that", "fXU93gmpGGo-00104-00040706-00040906": "into about 35 units of electricity.", "fXU93gmpGGo-00105-00040906-00041256": "So overall, when we start our business with 100, we're", "fXU93gmpGGo-00106-00041256-00041574": "coming out with 35 units of electricity.", "fXU93gmpGGo-00107-00041574-00041863": "So the overall efficiency is only 35%"}}, {"audio_id": "fYh8NmbdoNY", "text": {"fYh8NmbdoNY-00000-00000576-00001136": "So cross-sectional design is used to describe the magnitude of a condition or", "fYh8NmbdoNY-00001-00001136-00001904": "a disease. Many times, data for this study design are collected using the survey or questionnaires.", "fYh8NmbdoNY-00002-00001984-00002592": "Like case report, a survey is also categorised as observational and descriptive research design.", "fYh8NmbdoNY-00003-00002704-00003432": "However, the study unit is targeting a much biggerpopulation than case studies. Survey is a good", "fYh8NmbdoNY-00004-00003432-00004032": "way to collect large amounts of public health data quickly and survey grew out of", "fYh8NmbdoNY-00005-00004152-00004744": "social science such as marketing, economics, or politics dealing with human behaviours.", "fYh8NmbdoNY-00006-00004864-00005224": "And because much of public health depends on behaviours,", "fYh8NmbdoNY-00007-00005296-00005952": "survey became a useful tool to measure past and present behaviours in public health research.", "fYh8NmbdoNY-00008-00006344-00007176": "So the main feature of cross-sectional design is that it is descriptive and so because this", "fYh8NmbdoNY-00009-00007176-00007808": "is descriptive it can be useful as a starting point to generate more hypothesis for further", "fYh8NmbdoNY-00010-00007864-00008608": "investigation about the development of disease. And the goals of the cross-sectional design is", "fYh8NmbdoNY-00011-00008688-00009256": "the are to estimate the magnitude of disease or health condition in a defined population", "fYh8NmbdoNY-00012-00009328-00010056": "by providing the prevalence information. Another goal of cross-sectional study design", "fYh8NmbdoNY-00013-00010056-00010736": "is to assess the need for health service and to establish counter-measures against the condition", "fYh8NmbdoNY-00014-00010824-00011544": "to relieve the burden of health care. There are a number of population-based cross-sectional", "fYh8NmbdoNY-00015-00011544-00012328": "studies on blindness and eye diseases. For example the Irish glaucoma survey in 1993 was", "fYh8NmbdoNY-00016-00012328-00013184": "a successful cross-sectional study that provided prevalence of glaucoma in people over 50 years old.", "fYh8NmbdoNY-00017-00013336-00013991": "Another cross-sectional study, North London eye study in 1998 measured prevalence of serious", "fYh8NmbdoNY-00018-00013991-00014752": "eye diseases such as cataracts or age-related macular degeneration in people over 65 years old.", "fYh8NmbdoNY-00019-00014863-00015240": "Every year, a number of non-profit organisations such as", "fYh8NmbdoNY-00020-00015336-00016136": "WHO or other NGOs publish annual reports on global and original estimates of the prevalence of", "fYh8NmbdoNY-00021-00016200-00016576": "visual impairments and other major blinding eye conditions.", "fYh8NmbdoNY-00022-00016712-00017328": "Results from such surveys are used to improve the eye care services or health policy.", "fYh8NmbdoNY-00023-00017840-00018400": "So in order to understand the epidemiology of visual impairment, we need to use an agreed", "fYh8NmbdoNY-00024-00018400-00018960": "definition of visual acuity so that we can compare the result between the studies and", "fYh8NmbdoNY-00025-00018960-00019696": "measure impact more accurately. The WHO categories are based on the visual acuity of the better eye", "fYh8NmbdoNY-00026-00019752-00020224": "and presenting vision. Pinhole is not used when using this method", "fYh8NmbdoNY-00027-00020280-00020864": "and presenting visual acuity provides an understanding of refractive need and", "fYh8NmbdoNY-00028-00020952-00021736": "is important because especially for the epidemiological surveys and planning.", "fYh8NmbdoNY-00029-00021840-00022448": "So WHO has agreed on the use of four different levels of visual function", "fYh8NmbdoNY-00030-00022520-00023400": "as described in the international classificationof disease-10. So these four levels are mild or no", "fYh8NmbdoNY-00031-00023400-00024040": "visual impairment, moderate visual impairments, severe visual impairment, and blindness. So each", "fYh8NmbdoNY-00032-00024040-00024736": "of these four levels has a clear criterion based on the visual acuity measurement.", "fYh8NmbdoNY-00033-00025136-00025808": "So according to this classification, moderate visual impairment, moderate and", "fYh8NmbdoNY-00034-00025808-00026256": "severe visual impairment are grouped under the term low vision whereas", "fYh8NmbdoNY-00035-00026568-00026904": "the low vision is taken together with the blindness", "fYh8NmbdoNY-00036-00027000-00027512": "and then that represents all visual impairment.", "fYh8NmbdoNY-00037-00027880-00028320": "So this is the table of visual impairment categories based on the international", "fYh8NmbdoNY-00038-00028320-00028920": "classification of a disease tenth revision by WHO, which I showed you before when I", "fYh8NmbdoNY-00039-00028976-00029680": "talked about the levels of measurement. So the WHO's four levels of a visual function", "fYh8NmbdoNY-00040-00029776-00030576": "are categorised and measured as follows. So category 0 is mild or no visual impairment and", "fYh8NmbdoNY-00041-00030576-00031744": "in this category, vision is equal to or better than 6 over 18 using Snellen fraction and category 1", "fYh8NmbdoNY-00042-00031744-00032448": "is moderate visual impairment where the vision is worse than 6 over 18 but equal to", "fYh8NmbdoNY-00043-00032448-00033352": "or better than 6 over 60. and category 2 is severe visual impairment and in this category vision is", "fYh8NmbdoNY-00044-00033352-00034176": "worse than 6 over 60 but equal to or betterthan 3 over 60. And then the final category,", "fYh8NmbdoNY-00045-00034176-00035216": "the category 3, is blindness and here the vision is worse than 3 over 60. So it is important", "fYh8NmbdoNY-00046-00035216-00035904": "to remember that visual status categories are based on visual acuity measuring the better eye", "fYh8NmbdoNY-00047-00035976-00036760": "and blindness is also used if the visual field is less than 10 degrees from a point of fixation.", "fYh8NmbdoNY-00048-00037072-00037960": "In 2010, the WHO reported that there were 285 million visually impaired people in", "fYh8NmbdoNY-00049-00037960-00038568": "the world based on the prevalence figures calculated from cross-sectional studies.", "fYh8NmbdoNY-00050-00038672-00039136": "So here is one of the visual summaries of global estimation of blindness", "fYh8NmbdoNY-00051-00039136-00039856": "by different age groups from the same report using their categorisation of visual function.", "fYh8NmbdoNY-00052-00039976-00040760": "So as illustrated here when the overall prevalence of blindness is broken down by age, blindness,", "fYh8NmbdoNY-00053-00040760-00041688": "whatever the causes are, affects mainly the older section of the population, which are these two", "fYh8NmbdoNY-00054-00041688-00042800": "groups right. But then when it does, it hits the age groups really hard because until like age 44", "fYh8NmbdoNY-00055-00042856-00043576": "and the prevalence is pretty low but then after that age group, the prevalence of blindness", "fYh8NmbdoNY-00056-00043576-00044320": "that goes up like whooping 20 times in this age group and it just goes up exponentially.", "fYh8NmbdoNY-00057-00044656-00045232": "So survey or questionnaires are quick and easy way to do a cross-sectional study.", "fYh8NmbdoNY-00058-00045336-00046056": "But the topics ideal for survey are those that can be accurately measured by responses from", "fYh8NmbdoNY-00059-00046144-00046832": "the respondents such as past and current healthbehaviours. However, measuring disease prevalence", "fYh8NmbdoNY-00060-00046832-00047432": "through survey will be very likely to be biased without a proper diagnosis from a trained health", "fYh8NmbdoNY-00061-00047432-00048112": "professional. So from that sense, one of therepresentative example of survey used in the", "fYh8NmbdoNY-00062-00048112-00048840": "public health is quality of life assessment. So this is a fast-growing research area in healthcare", "fYh8NmbdoNY-00063-00048896-00049648": "using survey design. In old days, most medical decisions are exclusively dominated by", "fYh8NmbdoNY-00064-00049648-00050312": "the healthcare professional's authority. However, healthcare system now has evolved from a disease", "fYh8NmbdoNY-00065-00050312-00051112": "based to a patient-centred model that is based on the idea that what healthcare professionals find", "fYh8NmbdoNY-00066-00051112-00051967": "useful and working does not always go hand-in-hand with well-being and the functional capacity of", "fYh8NmbdoNY-00067-00051967-00052616": "patients. So what's shown here is a visual functioning questionnaire developed by", "fYh8NmbdoNY-00068-00052616-00053352": "the national eye institute in America that was originally developed to assess the patient's quality of", "fYh8NmbdoNY-00069-00053352-00054832": "life before and after treatment or surgery in the eye care but it can be used in a broader context.", "fYh8NmbdoNY-00070-00054832-00055560": "So in conducting cross-sectional study usingsurvey, you need to think about who will be your", "fYh8NmbdoNY-00071-00055560-00056296": "subject for your research so this process requires a clear consideration of the target population", "fYh8NmbdoNY-00072-00056376-00057000": "and the population to which the main resultsof the study will be extrapolated. For example,", "fYh8NmbdoNY-00073-00057000-00057679": "if you want to study the distribution of visual impairment in Scotland then your target population", "fYh8NmbdoNY-00074-00057679-00058344": "will be the entire population living in Scotland but for practical reasons, it would be impossible", "fYh8NmbdoNY-00075-00058344-00059167": "to include all the population across Scotland. So then you need to identify a suitable source", "fYh8NmbdoNY-00076-00059167-00059976": "population, for example, you might decide to conduct the study in one of the major cities like Glasgow.", "fYh8NmbdoNY-00077-00060176-00060744": "And if this is still too big, then the representative sample needs to be selected", "fYh8NmbdoNY-00078-00060744-00061400": "from the source population using a samplingscheme that we will talk about shortly.", "fYh8NmbdoNY-00079-00061496-00061896": "So from this sample the final study participants will be determined because", "fYh8NmbdoNY-00080-00061960-00062455": "not everyone in the selected sample will end up participating in the study.", "fYh8NmbdoNY-00081-00062552-00063096": "Some subjects will refuse to participatedespite all reasonable efforts. On the", "fYh8NmbdoNY-00082-00063096-00063567": "other hand, others will have moved out of the area or even dead at the moment.", "fYh8NmbdoNY-00083-00063760-00064744": "So the final participants are usually a subset of the initial sample who are eligible and willing.", "fYh8NmbdoNY-00084-00065079-00065944": "So a sampling scheme is a detailed description of what data will be obtained and how this will", "fYh8NmbdoNY-00085-00065944-00066568": "be done. So here we will briefly talk about three major sampling schemes among others.", "fYh8NmbdoNY-00086-00066928-00067640": "So first, we have a simple random sampling scheme which is the most basic and straightforward", "fYh8NmbdoNY-00087-00067640-00068400": "sampling scheme. So this is a method of selecting n number of samples from a population of size", "fYh8NmbdoNY-00088-00068480-00069168": "N such that every possible sample of size n has equal chance of being", "fYh8NmbdoNY-00089-00069168-00069864": "drawn. So this type of sampling scheme provides the most precise results", "fYh8NmbdoNY-00090-00069928-00070576": "with the smallest sampling error for a given sample size when other things are equal.", "fYh8NmbdoNY-00091-00070688-00071392": "And one of the example studies used this simple sampling scheme is the", "fYh8NmbdoNY-00092-00071392-00072128": "Irish glaucoma survey that I mentioned previously in 1993. They actually successfully", "fYh8NmbdoNY-00093-00072128-00072984": "applied this sampling scheme to measure the prevalence of glaucoma in the older population.", "fYh8NmbdoNY-00094-00073176-00074008": "So here is kind of a cartoon illustration howsimple random sampling is done. So here we have a", "fYh8NmbdoNY-00095-00074008-00074800": "group of 30 and so that is our size of population and we want to select random sample of 15.", "fYh8NmbdoNY-00096-00074904-00075408": "So here it is assumed that each individual have an equal chance of being selected.", "fYh8NmbdoNY-00097-00075496-00076184": "So before we select the sample, we're going to assign whole numbers in sequence to", "fYh8NmbdoNY-00098-00076184-00077488": "each member like this right and you draw 15 random numbers from 30 and pick the corresponding members", "fYh8NmbdoNY-00099-00077552-00078504": "to have a random sample. So hopefully this kind of reminds you of something you've done already which", "fYh8NmbdoNY-00100-00078584-00079128": "so because this is basically what you did last week to sample your own data", "fYh8NmbdoNY-00101-00079288-00080400": "for the data analysis task. Next up, we have a stratified random sampling", "fYh8NmbdoNY-00102-00080400-00081384": "scheme and in this scheme the population of N units", "fYh8NmbdoNY-00103-00081552-00082176": "So in this scheme, you first divide the population of interest into several mutually exclusive", "fYh8NmbdoNY-00104-00082176-00083072": "subgroups called strata based on the variables of interest such as age or gender which are", "fYh8NmbdoNY-00105-00083072-00083776": "typically unmodifiable risk factors so for example if you want to know the differences in refractive", "fYh8NmbdoNY-00106-00083776-00084536": "errors of a population between the different age groups let's say less than 20 years old, 20 to 40,", "fYh8NmbdoNY-00107-00084536-00085296": "and over 40 then you might want to stratify the population into the corresponding age groups then", "fYh8NmbdoNY-00108-00085296-00086096": "do the simple random sampling so that relativelyequal proportion of each age group can be selected.", "fYh8NmbdoNY-00109-00086440-00087080": "So again in this cartoon illustration we will select 15 random samples out of 30.", "fYh8NmbdoNY-00110-00087168-00087632": "So as you did in the simple random sampling", "fYh8NmbdoNY-00111-00087632-00087976": "you're going to assign each individual with the sequence of numbers.", "fYh8NmbdoNY-00112-00088240-00088464": "But before you do the sampling you", "fYh8NmbdoNY-00113-00088744-00089400": "want to identify strata because you're interested in the gender difference so", "fYh8NmbdoNY-00114-00089512-00089824": "you want to maintain a relativelyequal proportion of gender", "fYh8NmbdoNY-00115-00089888-00090752": "that is distributed in the population. So in that case you stratify the population by gender", "fYh8NmbdoNY-00116-00090752-00091576": "and in this example our population is stratified by 10 males and 20 females.", "fYh8NmbdoNY-00117-00091904-00092592": "and then now you can draw 50 random numbers from each stratum and pick the respective", "fYh8NmbdoNY-00118-00092592-00093168": "numbers as the number of samples we wanted to sample from the beginning was 50 percent", "fYh8NmbdoNY-00119-00093168-00093984": "of the populations anyway. Now you can use the simple random sampling scheme.", "fYh8NmbdoNY-00120-00094360-00094720": "that is male and female.", "fYh8NmbdoNY-00121-00095352-00096232": "and finally the cluster sampling. So in real-world situations, simple random sampling", "fYh8NmbdoNY-00122-00096232-00096840": "is not cost-effective especially when you are carrying out a study based on a large population.", "fYh8NmbdoNY-00123-00096960-00097720": "For example to measure reflective areas of the Scotland population and you want to use a", "fYh8NmbdoNY-00124-00097888-00098752": "sample and select it by simple random sampling then the study", "fYh8NmbdoNY-00125-00098824-00099328": "participants you have to cover will be randomly dispersed over a quite large", "fYh8NmbdoNY-00126-00099328-00100000": "area which will be quite costly and expensive. So instead you can divide the greater Glasgow", "fYh8NmbdoNY-00127-00100000-00100712": "area into a smaller grid and pick n number of geographical areas through simple random sampling", "fYh8NmbdoNY-00128-00100784-00101440": "then pick the study samples from the chosen area using again the simple random sampling.", "fYh8NmbdoNY-00129-00101528-00102192": "That way, you know where your study samples are clustered and that way you will be able to save time", "fYh8NmbdoNY-00130-00102256-00103048": "and resource in collecting data. There are a number of studies have used this cluster", "fYh8NmbdoNY-00131-00103048-00104032": "sampling such as a Nepal blindness survey in 1981 or Baltimore eye survey in 1985 in America.", "fYh8NmbdoNY-00132-00104344-00105008": "So in cluster sampling, before you do the sampling you want to divide the population into several", "fYh8NmbdoNY-00133-00105080-00105672": "geographical clusters like this as an example and then you assign", "fYh8NmbdoNY-00134-00105735-00106744": "each cluster with the sequence of numbers and you generate n random numbers from the N number", "fYh8NmbdoNY-00135-00106744-00107559": "of clusters you have in this case the big N is 12 and then the small n, in this case, what", "fYh8NmbdoNY-00136-00107664-00108424": "one two three four five right so basically you pick out five random clusters out of 12 clusters.", "fYh8NmbdoNY-00137-00108680-00109408": "So once the clusters are sampled then you do not do the further sampling so you're going to just", "fYh8NmbdoNY-00138-00109408-00110200": "take the whole population from each cluster so that's how you do the cluster sampling.", "fYh8NmbdoNY-00139-00110544-00110959": "So here are the good things and bad things about the study design.", "fYh8NmbdoNY-00140-00111032-00111800": "So among other things, cross-sectional design can provide prevalence information which is a baseline", "fYh8NmbdoNY-00141-00111800-00112456": "rate of a disease or diseases within a population which in turn provides valuable information about", "fYh8NmbdoNY-00142-00112456-00113120": "the current status of a disease or conditionin that population. So this type of research is", "fYh8NmbdoNY-00143-00113120-00113735": "relatively cheap and quick to complete compared to the other epidemiological research design.", "fYh8NmbdoNY-00144-00113872-00114456": "Of course, it is more expensive and takes more time compared to the case report", "fYh8NmbdoNY-00145-00114559-00114992": "and but this is especially so when you have access to routinely collected", "fYh8NmbdoNY-00146-00114992-00115696": "data from healthcare providers such as NHS or hospitals so if you do have access to those data", "fYh8NmbdoNY-00147-00115752-00116392": "then it is much easier to carry out a large-scale cross-sectional study with", "fYh8NmbdoNY-00148-00116392-00116952": "a minimum cost which is a major advantage over other forms of epidemiological research design.", "fYh8NmbdoNY-00149-00117104-00117711": "On the other hand one of the major drawbacks of this design is that it is not appropriate to test", "fYh8NmbdoNY-00150-00117711-00118664": "causal relationship between the risk factors andprevalence. Because both exposures and diseases are", "fYh8NmbdoNY-00151-00118664-00119376": "studied at the same time, the time sequence between risk factors and disease cannot be established,", "fYh8NmbdoNY-00152-00119376-00120000": "which is known as a temporality. We're going to just talk about this later on", "fYh8NmbdoNY-00153-00120000-00120496": "and one of the major assumptions behind the disease occurrence is that", "fYh8NmbdoNY-00154-00120496-00121359": "the risk factors or the cause always comebefore the disease in time. So that is", "fYh8NmbdoNY-00155-00121359-00122000": "the temporality and you cannot really establish this temporality with a cross-sectional design", "fYh8NmbdoNY-00156-00122000-00122520": "because they are, exposures, the risk factors and diseases are studied at the same time.", "fYh8NmbdoNY-00157-00122735-00123383": "And finally, a cross-sectional study is also not adequate to study rare conditions.", "fYh8NmbdoNY-00158-00123472-00124072": "because you need to survey a large sample, very large sample to obtain enough cases", "fYh8NmbdoNY-00159-00124152-00124688": "and cases of short duration have a smaller chance of being detected in a one-time", "fYh8NmbdoNY-00160-00124688-00125352": "cross-sectional survey than the cases of longer duration because people with", "fYh8NmbdoNY-00161-00125672-00126240": "short-lived diseases will either recover fast or die fast.", "fYh8NmbdoNY-00162-00126328-00126968": "So inevitably chronic diseases are typically over-represented in a cross-sectional", "fYh8NmbdoNY-00163-00127040-00127328": "survey."}}, {"audio_id": "fYi-vbDee1o", "text": {"fYi-vbDee1o-00000-00000010-00000216": "WITH AJ FELDMAN.", "fYi-vbDee1o-00001-00000216-00000223": "WITH AJ FELDMAN.", "fYi-vbDee1o-00002-00000223-00000283": "WITH AJ FELDMAN. >> ARROW THE BEMID", "fYi-vbDee1o-00003-00000283-00000290": "WITH AJ FELDMAN. >> ARROW THE BEMID", "fYi-vbDee1o-00004-00000290-00000350": "WITH AJ FELDMAN. >> ARROW THE BEMID IN GIRWES SETCCER", "fYi-vbDee1o-00005-00000350-00000357": ">> ARROW THE BEMID IN GIRWES SETCCER", "fYi-vbDee1o-00006-00000357-00000537": ">> ARROW THE BEMID IN GIRWES SETCCER TEAM IS NO STRANGER TO EAST", "fYi-vbDee1o-00007-00000537-00000543": "IN GIRWES SETCCER TEAM IS NO STRANGER TO EAST", "fYi-vbDee1o-00008-00000543-00000643": "IN GIRWES SETCCER TEAM IS NO STRANGER TO EAST GRAND FORKS.", "fYi-vbDee1o-00009-00000643-00000650": "TEAM IS NO STRANGER TO EAST GRAND FORKS.", "fYi-vbDee1o-00010-00000650-00000767": "TEAM IS NO STRANGER TO EAST GRAND FORKS. LAST YEAR IN THE REGULAR SEASOP", "fYi-vbDee1o-00011-00000767-00000774": "GRAND FORKS. LAST YEAR IN THE REGULAR SEASOP", "fYi-vbDee1o-00012-00000774-00000954": "GRAND FORKS. LAST YEAR IN THE REGULAR SEASOP THENG,ACAND N FELL 2 TO 1 IN", "fYi-vbDee1o-00013-00000954-00000960": "LAST YEAR IN THE REGULAR SEASOP THENG,ACAND N FELL 2 TO 1 IN", "fYi-vbDee1o-00014-00000960-00001184": "LAST YEAR IN THE REGULAR SEASOP THENG,ACAND N FELL 2 TO 1 IN OVERTIME, AND IN THE SECTION", "fYi-vbDee1o-00015-00001184-00001191": "THENG,ACAND N FELL 2 TO 1 IN OVERTIME, AND IN THE SECTION", "fYi-vbDee1o-00016-00001191-00001287": "THENG,ACAND N FELL 2 TO 1 IN OVERTIME, AND IN THE SECTION CHRROW PIONSHIP GRROW POINT BEMD", "fYi-vbDee1o-00017-00001287-00001294": "OVERTIME, AND IN THE SECTION CHRROW PIONSHIP GRROW POINT BEMD", "fYi-vbDee1o-00018-00001294-00001347": "OVERTIME, AND IN THE SECTION CHRROW PIONSHIP GRROW POINT BEMD IN GOT", "fYi-vbDee1o-00019-00001347-00001354": "CHRROW PIONSHIP GRROW POINT BEMD IN GOT", "fYi-vbDee1o-00020-00001354-00001504": "CHRROW PIONSHIP GRROW POINT BEMD IN GOT THEIR REVENGE HEADING TO STATE", "fYi-vbDee1o-00021-00001504-00001511": "IN GOT THEIR REVENGE HEADING TO STATE", "fYi-vbDee1o-00022-00001511-00001641": "IN GOT THEIR REVENGE HEADING TO STATE WINNING BY THE SAME SCORE IN", "fYi-vbDee1o-00023-00001641-00001648": "THEIR REVENGE HEADING TO STATE WINNING BY THE SAME SCORE IN", "fYi-vbDee1o-00024-00001648-00001908": "THEIR REVENGE HEADING TO STATE WINNING BY THE SAME SCORE IN OVERTIME, AND TONIGHT THEY MET", "fYi-vbDee1o-00025-00001908-00001915": "WINNING BY THE SAME SCORE IN OVERTIME, AND TONIGHT THEY MET", "fYi-vbDee1o-00026-00001915-00001948": "WINNING BY THE SAME SCORE IN OVERTIME, AND TONIGHT THEY MET AGAIN.", "fYi-vbDee1o-00027-00001948-00001955": "OVERTIME, AND TONIGHT THEY MET AGAIN.", "fYi-vbDee1o-00028-00001955-00002112": "OVERTIME, AND TONIGHT THEY MET AGAIN. THE RIVALRY CONTINUES.", "fYi-vbDee1o-00029-00002112-00002118": "AGAIN. THE RIVALRY CONTINUES.", "fYi-vbDee1o-00030-00002118-00002282": "AGAIN. THE RIVALRY CONTINUES. BEMIDJI LOOKING FOR THEIR FOURTH", "fYi-vbDee1o-00031-00002282-00002288": "THE RIVALRY CONTINUES. BEMIDJI LOOKING FOR THEIR FOURTH", "fYi-vbDee1o-00032-00002288-00002435": "THE RIVALRY CONTINUES. BEMIDJI LOOKING FOR THEIR FOURTH WIN IN A ROW TO START OFF THE", "fYi-vbDee1o-00033-00002435-00002442": "BEMIDJI LOOKING FOR THEIR FOURTH WIN IN A ROW TO START OFF THE", "fYi-vbDee1o-00034-00002442-00002489": "BEMIDJI LOOKING FOR THEIR FOURTH WIN IN A ROW TO START OFF THE SEASON.", "fYi-vbDee1o-00035-00002489-00002495": "WIN IN A ROW TO START OFF THE SEASON.", "fYi-vbDee1o-00036-00002495-00002665": "WIN IN A ROW TO START OFF THE SEASON. IN THE FOURTH MINUTE, RILEY", "fYi-vbDee1o-00037-00002665-00002672": "SEASON. IN THE FOURTH MINUTE, RILEY", "fYi-vbDee1o-00038-00002672-00002826": "SEASON. IN THE FOURTH MINUTE, RILEY SENDS THE FREE KICK ILTI", "fYi-vbDee1o-00039-00002826-00002832": "IN THE FOURTH MINUTE, RILEY SENDS THE FREE KICK ILTI", "fYi-vbDee1o-00040-00002832-00002972": "IN THE FOURTH MINUTE, RILEY SENDS THE FREE KICK ILTI SHND WS RIGHT THERE TO HEAD IT N", "fYi-vbDee1o-00041-00002972-00002979": "SENDS THE FREE KICK ILTI SHND WS RIGHT THERE TO HEAD IT N", "fYi-vbDee1o-00042-00002979-00003086": "SENDS THE FREE KICK ILTI SHND WS RIGHT THERE TO HEAD IT N FOR THE GOAL.", "fYi-vbDee1o-00043-00003086-00003093": "SHND WS RIGHT THERE TO HEAD IT N FOR THE GOAL.", "fYi-vbDee1o-00044-00003093-00003276": "SHND WS RIGHT THERE TO HEAD IT N FOR THE GOAL. EAST GRAND FORAND N UP 1 TO", "fYi-vbDee1o-00045-00003276-00003283": "FOR THE GOAL. EAST GRAND FORAND N UP 1 TO", "fYi-vbDee1o-00046-00003283-00003353": "FOR THE GOAL. EAST GRAND FORAND N UP 1 TO NOTHING.", "fYi-vbDee1o-00047-00003353-00003360": "EAST GRAND FORAND N UP 1 TO NOTHING.", "fYi-vbDee1o-00048-00003360-00003556": "EAST GRAND FORAND N UP 1 TO NOTHING. THE LUMBERJACKS WOULD ANSWER.", "fYi-vbDee1o-00049-00003556-00003563": "NOTHING. THE LUMBERJACKS WOULD ANSWER.", "fYi-vbDee1o-00050-00003563-00003767": "NOTHING. THE LUMBERJACKS WOULD ANSWER. LINDSEY WITH THE AGGRESSIVE RUN,", "fYi-vbDee1o-00051-00003767-00003773": "THE LUMBERJACKS WOULD ANSWER. LINDSEY WITH THE AGGRESSIVE RUN,", "fYi-vbDee1o-00052-00003773-00003933": "THE LUMBERJACKS WOULD ANSWER. LINDSEY WITH THE AGGRESSIVE RUN, TIES IT UP AT ONE.", "fYi-vbDee1o-00053-00003933-00003940": "LINDSEY WITH THE AGGRESSIVE RUN, TIES IT UP AT ONE.", "fYi-vbDee1o-00054-00003940-00004204": "LINDSEY WITH THE AGGRESSIVE RUN, TIES IT UP AT ONE. STIL", "fYi-vbDee1o-00055-00004204-00004397": "DEAN STOPS ONE, GETS IT BY THE", "fYi-vbDee1o-00056-00004397-00004404": "DEAN STOPS ONE, GETS IT BY THE", "fYi-vbDee1o-00057-00004404-00004461": "DEAN STOPS ONE, GETS IT BY THE KEEPER.", "fYi-vbDee1o-00058-00004461-00004467": "DEAN STOPS ONE, GETS IT BY THE KEEPER.", "fYi-vbDee1o-00059-00004467-00004601": "DEAN STOPS ONE, GETS IT BY THE KEEPER. THE GREEN WAVPOINT THEY WOULD TE", "fYi-vbDee1o-00060-00004601-00004607": "KEEPER. THE GREEN WAVPOINT THEY WOULD TE", "fYi-vbDee1o-00061-00004607-00004701": "KEEPER. THE GREEN WAVPOINT THEY WOULD TE THE LEAD 3 TO 2.", "fYi-vbDee1o-00062-00004701-00004708": "THE GREEN WAVPOINT THEY WOULD TE THE LEAD 3 TO 2.", "fYi-vbDee1o-00063-00004708-00004914": "THE GREEN WAVPOINT THEY WOULD TE THE LEAD 3 TO 2. BUT A GOAL BY DEAN AND ANOTHER"}}, {"audio_id": "fYevsg6JXyE", "text": {"fYevsg6JXyE-00000-00000000-00000342": "Let’s add an assignment to the course.", "fYevsg6JXyE-00001-00000342-00000542": "Remember what an assignment", "fYevsg6JXyE-00002-00000542-00000666": "is in Canvas --", "fYevsg6JXyE-00003-00000666-00000866": "something we want students to turn in", "fYevsg6JXyE-00004-00000866-00001066": "to us for grading.", "fYevsg6JXyE-00005-00001066-00001357": "In this case, we’ll go to our module,", "fYevsg6JXyE-00006-00001357-00001688": "and add an assignment;", "fYevsg6JXyE-00007-00001688-00001888": "a New assignment.", "fYevsg6JXyE-00008-00001888-00002145": "We’ll title it", "fYevsg6JXyE-00009-00002145-00002465": "Getting to Know You.", "fYevsg6JXyE-00010-00002474-00002784": "Select it,", "fYevsg6JXyE-00011-00002784-00003112": "and edit it.", "fYevsg6JXyE-00012-00003112-00004013": "[assignment appears on screen]", "fYevsg6JXyE-00013-00004013-00004384": "This assignment asks students to interview each other", "fYevsg6JXyE-00014-00004384-00004584": "and find out their responses", "fYevsg6JXyE-00015-00004586-00004794": "to these questions.", "fYevsg6JXyE-00016-00004804-00005168": "[highlight questions]", "fYevsg6JXyE-00017-00005168-00005524": "Now, set the number of points for this assignment.", "fYevsg6JXyE-00018-00005524-00005950": "Let’s say it’s worth ten points.", "fYevsg6JXyE-00019-00005950-00006302": "You can make assignment groups.", "fYevsg6JXyE-00020-00006302-00006568": "You might want to have separaate groups for essays,", "fYevsg6JXyE-00021-00006568-00006805": "article summaries, and journal writing.", "fYevsg6JXyE-00022-00006805-00007028": "But for now, let’s put it in", "fYevsg6JXyE-00023-00007028-00007228": "the generic Assignments group.", "fYevsg6JXyE-00024-00007297-00007652": "This is going to be an online submission.", "fYevsg6JXyE-00025-00007652-00007852": "We’ll allow students to write", "fYevsg6JXyE-00026-00007852-00008144": "their interviews directly in Canvas", "fYevsg6JXyE-00027-00008196-00008478": "or by uploading a file.", "fYevsg6JXyE-00028-00008478-00008813": "You can restrict the type of file uploads", "fYevsg6JXyE-00029-00008813-00009001": "to ensure that students don’t upload", "fYevsg6JXyE-00030-00009001-00009201": "an Excel file or a video.", "fYevsg6JXyE-00031-00009201-00009518": "For now, we’ll leave it unrestricted.", "fYevsg6JXyE-00032-00009518-00009900": "You’re assigning this to everyone in the class.", "fYevsg6JXyE-00033-00009900-00010201": "We can set a due date", "fYevsg6JXyE-00034-00010201-00010489": "either it manually here", "fYevsg6JXyE-00035-00010489-00010868": "in the format year, month, day, hour, and minute", "fYevsg6JXyE-00036-00010868-00011237": "or click the calendar icon.", "fYevsg6JXyE-00037-00011237-00011461": "We’ll make this due", "fYevsg6JXyE-00038-00011461-00011661": "on the 15th of May", "fYevsg6JXyE-00039-00011661-00012025": "at 8:00 p.m.", "fYevsg6JXyE-00040-00012025-00012225": "Click Done.", "fYevsg6JXyE-00041-00012225-00012552": "You can also set the beginning and end date", "fYevsg6JXyE-00042-00012552-00012752": "when students can see the assignment.", "fYevsg6JXyE-00043-00012752-00013085": "Let’s not put in a beginning date;", "fYevsg6JXyE-00044-00013085-00013393": "that means it will be available immediately.", "fYevsg6JXyE-00045-00013393-00013706": "And say that this assignment will be available", "fYevsg6JXyE-00046-00013706-00013962": "until May 16th", "fYevsg6JXyE-00047-00013962-00014347": "at 8:00 p.m.", "fYevsg6JXyE-00048-00014474-00014790": "This will let student turn in the assignment", "fYevsg6JXyE-00049-00014790-00014990": "up to one day late.", "fYevsg6JXyE-00050-00015050-00015437": "Then, Save & Publish.", "fYevsg6JXyE-00051-00015637-00016016": "What does this look like to a student?", "fYevsg6JXyE-00052-00016016-00016516": "We can find out by going back to Home", "fYevsg6JXyE-00053-00016516-00017152": "and choosing Student View here at the right.", "fYevsg6JXyE-00054-00017152-00017584": "When a student selects the assignment,", "fYevsg6JXyE-00055-00017584-00017880": "they can submit the assignment", "fYevsg6JXyE-00056-00017880-00018170": "either with a File upload:", "fYevsg6JXyE-00057-00018170-00018433": "they Browse for the file...", "fYevsg6JXyE-00058-00018440-00018832": "which opens up their system’s file browser...", "fYevsg6JXyE-00059-00018832-00019133": "and choose the file they want...", "fYevsg6JXyE-00060-00019133-00019468": "and they can submit the assignment.", "fYevsg6JXyE-00061-00019468-00019828": "If they don’t want to go through that process,", "fYevsg6JXyE-00062-00019828-00020125": "they can click Text Entry,", "fYevsg6JXyE-00063-00020125-00020590": "which will bring up this editor window", "fYevsg6JXyE-00064-00020590-00020884": "and they can put the results in there...", "fYevsg6JXyE-00065-00020884-00021304": "and submit the assignment.", "fYevsg6JXyE-00066-00021714-00021961": "We can leave the student view", "fYevsg6JXyE-00067-00022161-00022372": "to return to being the teacher.", "fYevsg6JXyE-00068-00022572-00023122": "And those are the basics of making an assignment in Canvas."}}, {"audio_id": "fYDK-SjdLS8", "text": {"fYDK-SjdLS8-00000-00000336-00000430": "Hi people!", "fYDK-SjdLS8-00001-00000496-00000744": "Today a new Godot's tutorial", "fYDK-SjdLS8-00002-00001098-00001293": "Now, I show a setup", "fYDK-SjdLS8-00003-00001498-00002007": "of a material that can make tilesets animate.", "fYDK-SjdLS8-00004-00002301-00002518": "As it that you see.", "fYDK-SjdLS8-00005-00002709-00003261": "Usually when we start a 2D platform game, we forget the animation", "fYDK-SjdLS8-00006-00003324-00003458": "in background.", "fYDK-SjdLS8-00007-00003560-00003808": "But is always good. Have it", "fYDK-SjdLS8-00008-00003994-00004436": "to us have a better appearance.", "fYDK-SjdLS8-00009-00004436-00004825": "Including make the game more contemporary.", "fYDK-SjdLS8-00010-00005292-00005540": "That foliage that you see berofe", "fYDK-SjdLS8-00011-00006084-00006382": "I can't locate the author.", "fYDK-SjdLS8-00012-00006516-00006836": "I leave the link that I can locate.", "fYDK-SjdLS8-00013-00007048-00007328": "I simply cut these slice of grass", "fYDK-SjdLS8-00014-00007559-00007778": "and use it on my tileset pattern.", "fYDK-SjdLS8-00015-00008017-00008172": "You can do", "fYDK-SjdLS8-00016-00008281-00008632": "you tile as you wish.", "fYDK-SjdLS8-00017-00008932-00009402": "This is the archive that I used to make the frames of tiles.", "fYDK-SjdLS8-00018-00009809-00010046": "Is 32 x 32 tiles.", "fYDK-SjdLS8-00019-00010598-00010965": "The difference from a normal tileset is that I used", "fYDK-SjdLS8-00020-00011018-00011256": "one PNG image to each frame.", "fYDK-SjdLS8-00021-00011397-00011617": "Then I have the first, the second.", "fYDK-SjdLS8-00022-00012704-00013082": "All is a little slice.", "fYDK-SjdLS8-00023-00014188-00014588": "To we can start our tileset, you need a empty scene.", "fYDK-SjdLS8-00024-00014769-00014976": "Make you tileset as usual.", "fYDK-SjdLS8-00025-00015138-00015286": "Using a root node.", "fYDK-SjdLS8-00026-00015425-00015612": "that process... Sprite.", "fYDK-SjdLS8-00027-00016022-00016228": "The textures, I alread imported.", "fYDK-SjdLS8-00028-00016306-00016458": "Based on", "fYDK-SjdLS8-00029-00016564-00016756": "GIMP work.", "fYDK-SjdLS8-00030-00016933-00017109": "I put it on separated files.", "fYDK-SjdLS8-00031-00017254-00017538": "Then each frame of our animation goes in a individual file.", "fYDK-SjdLS8-00032-00017666-00017981": "If you wish more than four", "fYDK-SjdLS8-00033-00018073-00018404": "you see how make it now, on shader.", "fYDK-SjdLS8-00034-00018661-00019044": "No need much frames to your background animation.", "fYDK-SjdLS8-00035-00019330-00019592": "Is usual to use a web page rule:", "fYDK-SjdLS8-00036-00019710-00020022": "If you have a foreground animation, fluid", "fYDK-SjdLS8-00037-00020066-00020364": "the rest can be more simple.", "fYDK-SjdLS8-00038-00020412-00020824": "Just making the background function.", "fYDK-SjdLS8-00039-00032254-00032808": "This tile named \"debug\" we use after, to configure the shader.", "fYDK-SjdLS8-00040-00033030-00033453": "It is only a mark. To see if animation working fine.", "fYDK-SjdLS8-00041-00033753-00034010": "Save.. save this scene.", "fYDK-SjdLS8-00042-00034440-00034656": "base tileset", "fYDK-SjdLS8-00043-00035348-00035580": "Before export it as tileset", "fYDK-SjdLS8-00044-00035666-00035821": "go here, in debug tile.", "fYDK-SjdLS8-00045-00036165-00036444": "and in the tabe Properties.", "fYDK-SjdLS8-00046-00036514-00036820": "Material, to create a New Canvas Material.", "fYDK-SjdLS8-00047-00037158-00037313": "Go to disk icon. Save.", "fYDK-SjdLS8-00048-00038181-00038328": "tile set animated material.", "fYDK-SjdLS8-00049-00038550-00038804": "I use it to other tiles.", "fYDK-SjdLS8-00050-00038936-00039080": "And make a new Shader.", "fYDK-SjdLS8-00051-00039212-00039342": "I use the first opton.", "fYDK-SjdLS8-00052-00039500-00039661": "That is shader made programmatically.", "fYDK-SjdLS8-00053-00039792-00040112": "I tried to use the second, the Graphic Shader.", "fYDK-SjdLS8-00054-00040205-00040402": "But the Graphic Shader is linear", "fYDK-SjdLS8-00055-00040446-00040750": "and not have support to control flow as coding way...", "fYDK-SjdLS8-00056-00040760-00041385": "I even reach a good result, but this approach demands much", "fYDK-SjdLS8-00057-00041466-00042000": "use of math, the shaver begin turn extensive and complex", "fYDK-SjdLS8-00058-00042038-00042326": "and onerous (in GPU processing), even more than coding.", "fYDK-SjdLS8-00059-00042596-00043033": "If you accept the challenge, I reach to this base passing on screen.", "fYDK-SjdLS8-00060-00043357-00043592": "Go. Edit.", "fYDK-SjdLS8-00061-00044025-00044080": "save.", "fYDK-SjdLS8-00062-00045334-00045580": "Remembering that I already made this process", "fYDK-SjdLS8-00063-00045604-00045765": "import 2D texture", "fYDK-SjdLS8-00064-00045889-00046078": "I select each frame file.", "fYDK-SjdLS8-00065-00046300-00046640": "and save on project as a native Godot's texture.", "fYDK-SjdLS8-00066-00046757-00047000": "The advantage of make it is that I have", "fYDK-SjdLS8-00067-00047041-00047526": "A PNG file in a different folder, I can make edsit on it", "fYDK-SjdLS8-00068-00047581-00048096": "and load it again on projet, or even use it on another project.", "fYDK-SjdLS8-00069-00048288-00048622": "And select a  set of useful features here", "fYDK-SjdLS8-00070-00048665-00049133": "If I used transparent images, I can use Fix Border-Alpha", "fYDK-SjdLS8-00071-00049246-00049616": "In this case (is 2D) no-mipmaps is always selected.", "fYDK-SjdLS8-00072-00049812-00050081": "and others as I can use. As repeat.", "fYDK-SjdLS8-00073-00050256-00050580": "This process alread made for all tilesets in folder.", "fYDK-SjdLS8-00074-00051032-00051209": "Now, we start the coding.", "fYDK-SjdLS8-00075-00051426-00051650": "First I take the textures.", "fYDK-SjdLS8-00076-00053258-00053396": "Back a level.", "fYDK-SjdLS8-00077-00054316-00054560": "That first image you can repeat on it.", "fYDK-SjdLS8-00078-00056764-00057298": "Later we can change the speed of animation of our frames, right?", "fYDK-SjdLS8-00079-00057366-00057965": "Then I create a variable just to control it. And this variable can be setted by material.", "fYDK-SjdLS8-00080-00059674-00059773": "Begin the result.", "fYDK-SjdLS8-00081-00061669-00062246": "I make a variable, without valut, just to define the colour.", "fYDK-SjdLS8-00082-00063478-00063626": "It works.", "fYDK-SjdLS8-00083-00063886-00064154": "Go to put some value to this variable.", "fYDK-SjdLS8-00084-00064482-00065074": "As I wish that on some time interval it swap the images.", "fYDK-SjdLS8-00085-00065249-00065409": "I can do this.", "fYDK-SjdLS8-00086-00067040-00067285": "The mod function return the rest of division.", "fYDK-SjdLS8-00087-00067430-00067836": "In this case, the current time divided by one.", "fYDK-SjdLS8-00088-00067964-00068432": "That occurs here is that we not have 1'00... 2'00... seconds. I get", "fYDK-SjdLS8-00089-00068464-00068870": "0'01... 0'02... (0.1... 0.2) it never overstep the 1.", "fYDK-SjdLS8-00090-00069354-00069893": "Then, we have our time value in a second. Usually an animation is described as frames by seconds.", "fYDK-SjdLS8-00091-00070142-00070557": "How I can know what the frame are inside this time lapse?", "fYDK-SjdLS8-00092-00070714-00070821": "The Calc.", "fYDK-SjdLS8-00093-00071501-00072078": "If a secon is one, and I have four frames... divide it for four", "fYDK-SjdLS8-00094-00072168-00072514": "Each 0.25 secons I have a frame.", "fYDK-SjdLS8-00095-00074298-00074422": "First frame is 0.25", "fYDK-SjdLS8-00096-00074590-00075162": "If time is less than 0.25", "fYDK-SjdLS8-00097-00076926-00077057": "It begin to blink here.", "fYDK-SjdLS8-00098-00078920-00079248": "You type on tab here, to make it more organized.", "fYDK-SjdLS8-00099-00079868-00080430": "25 more 25 is equal to 50. As the zero is on right I omit it.", "fYDK-SjdLS8-00100-00081480-00082345": "This tex function is used on the Godot to take the pixel inside the UV coordinate.", "fYDK-SjdLS8-00101-00082770-00083157": "Note that I just swap t1 from t2.", "fYDK-SjdLS8-00102-00085908-00086368": "And now for the last frame, a interesting thing.", "fYDK-SjdLS8-00103-00086970-00087354": "The last frame is when the previous conditions", "fYDK-SjdLS8-00104-00087465-00087832": "are tested, then I not need to repeat that IF here.", "fYDK-SjdLS8-00105-00089737-00090168": "If you need more frames, just repeat this pattern.", "fYDK-SjdLS8-00106-00090522-00090781": "And about the speed ?", "fYDK-SjdLS8-00107-00090921-00091004": "I change the value here.", "fYDK-SjdLS8-00108-00091761-00092044": "Oops. Nothin! Just put it here, to work.", "fYDK-SjdLS8-00109-00092282-00092868": "That first function that weget then time, go on part that have TIME (uppercase), multiply it by", "fYDK-SjdLS8-00110-00093077-00093361": "(it is a asterisk, a multiply signal)", "fYDK-SjdLS8-00111-00093498-00093622": "Doubled the speed.", "fYDK-SjdLS8-00112-00094404-00094808": "4 times. If I need it slow, as half of speed", "fYDK-SjdLS8-00113-00095336-00095709": "it shows 2 frames by second. But... return to the normal.", "fYDK-SjdLS8-00114-00097896-00098420": "To each tile that I need animation just load that material.", "fYDK-SjdLS8-00115-00101510-00102553": "Depending of size of you tileset, you can use a second file just for animated series. It can be useful with transparent tiles.", "fYDK-SjdLS8-00116-00102641-00103416": "and you can economize on spritesheets (that is very onerous).", "fYDK-SjdLS8-00117-00108676-00109109": "Ajust the size to our tiles, right. 32 x 32.", "fYDK-SjdLS8-00118-00115164-00115346": "It's all folks."}}, {"audio_id": "fYL86GheMck", "text": {"fYL86GheMck-00000-00000000-00000200": "Hanfu, a beautiful traditional Chinese costume with a history of more than 5000 yearsIn ancient times, because of the strong Chinese culture, the traditional costumes, traditional characters, traditional culture and traditional festivals of Japan, South Korea, North Korea and Vietnam were all influenced by Chinese culture."}}, {"audio_id": "fYXXh2ZRHcg", "text": {"fYXXh2ZRHcg-00000-00002750-00003073": "Yeah, let's go to the ardent", "fYXXh2ZRHcg-00001-00003073-00003178": "because we sort of answered", "fYXXh2ZRHcg-00002-00003178-00003346": "advocate.", "fYXXh2ZRHcg-00003-00003346-00003479": "Yeah.", "fYXXh2ZRHcg-00004-00003479-00003731": "Yeah,", "fYXXh2ZRHcg-00005-00003731-00003910": "it's on 5.", "fYXXh2ZRHcg-00006-00003910-00004065": "You know what --", "fYXXh2ZRHcg-00007-00004065-00004609": "yeah, it's on 25.", "fYXXh2ZRHcg-00008-00004609-00004911": "What size, but even though", "fYXXh2ZRHcg-00009-00004911-00005078": "the most ardent", "fYXXh2ZRHcg-00010-00005078-00005299": "bee lovers admit that not", "fYXXh2ZRHcg-00011-00005299-00005486": "everyone is cut out to be a", "fYXXh2ZRHcg-00012-00005486-00005658": "beekeeper.", "fYXXh2ZRHcg-00013-00005658-00005921": "So they are saying --", "fYXXh2ZRHcg-00014-00005921-00006180": "So maybe that some people", "fYXXh2ZRHcg-00015-00006180-00006495": "that just really like bees, just like", "fYXXh2ZRHcg-00016-00006495-00006627": "can't take care of them because", "fYXXh2ZRHcg-00017-00006627-00006795": "they don't really know how to.", "fYXXh2ZRHcg-00018-00006795-00007334": "So that bee, so ardent."}}, {"audio_id": "fZ2DTkYgxpk", "text": {"fZ2DTkYgxpk-00000-00000046-00000509": "Okay so in this video we're going to look at how we calculate Vmax and Km", "fZ2DTkYgxpk-00001-00000509-00001074": "from an Eadie-Hofstee plot, so we're going to jump over into Excel. Okay so now", "fZ2DTkYgxpk-00002-00001074-00001496": "we're back over in Excel and we have the same data that we had for our", "fZ2DTkYgxpk-00003-00001496-00001950": "Lineweaver-Burk plot but this time we're going to manipulate it in a different", "fZ2DTkYgxpk-00004-00001950-00002565": "way for the Eadie-Hofstee plot. Now the Eadie-Hofstee plot you need to plot the", "fZ2DTkYgxpk-00005-00002565-00003183": "velocity in column B here against the velocity divided by the substrate so I'm", "fZ2DTkYgxpk-00006-00003183-00003764": "going to create my column here in C which is going to be my velocity divided by", "fZ2DTkYgxpk-00007-00003764-00004514": "my substrate I can create the formula so equals the velocity here in B2 divided", "fZ2DTkYgxpk-00008-00004514-00005150": "by my substrate concentration here in A2, I'm going to create that formula and", "fZ2DTkYgxpk-00009-00005150-00005732": "then I'm going to replicate that down across those columns just as I did with", "fZ2DTkYgxpk-00010-00005732-00006518": "the Lineweaver-Burk plot. What I'm also going to do is to copy the values in", "fZ2DTkYgxpk-00011-00006518-00007043": "column B and paste them into column D; the reason I've done that is that what", "fZ2DTkYgxpk-00012-00007043-00007383": "you have on the left-hand side will be plotted on the x-axis what you have on", "fZ2DTkYgxpk-00013-00007383-00007625": "the right-hand side will be plotted on the y-axis", "fZ2DTkYgxpk-00014-00007625-00008115": "it just makes it a little bit easier. So if I highlight those values I go to", "fZ2DTkYgxpk-00015-00008115-00008915": "insert and click on the XY scatter graph then we get a linear trend so again what", "fZ2DTkYgxpk-00016-00008915-00009390": "you need to do is to click on one of the data points right click and add", "fZ2DTkYgxpk-00017-00009390-00010136": "trendline. We have the linear trendline selected so that's fine we can also then", "fZ2DTkYgxpk-00018-00010136-00010772": "display the equation on the chart and I have already gone and worked out what I", "fZ2DTkYgxpk-00019-00010772-00011253": "need for my forward and backwards forecast so I'm just going to put the", "fZ2DTkYgxpk-00020-00011253-00011988": "values in that I've already worked out and what this should do is extend the", "fZ2DTkYgxpk-00021-00011988-00012654": "X and Y intercepts so you can see that we've now extended the trendline to both the Y", "fZ2DTkYgxpk-00022-00012654-00013303": "and the X intercepts. Now for the Eadie-Hofstee plot", "fZ2DTkYgxpk-00023-00013303-00013975": "Vmax is equal to the y-intercept that's given by our c value in the format mx", "fZ2DTkYgxpk-00024-00013975-00015048": "plus c, so our Vmax is equal to 40.155. Km is given by", "fZ2DTkYgxpk-00025-00015048-00015694": "the negative gradient so our gradient here that's 81.557", "fZ2DTkYgxpk-00026-00015694-00016170": "so Km because it's a negative gradient of negative eighty one point", "fZ2DTkYgxpk-00027-00016170-00016744": "five five seven will be eighty one zero point five five seven and that is how", "fZ2DTkYgxpk-00028-00016744-00017328": "you can use Excel to get Vmax and Km from an Eadie-Hofstee plot"}}, {"audio_id": "fZ5uBUs6Xzg", "text": {"fZ5uBUs6Xzg-00000-00000229-00000931": "video arcade"}}, {"audio_id": "fZOlu9BwX44", "text": {"fZOlu9BwX44-00000-00000210-00000564": "Hi everyone, my name is Rebecca Harris and I'm a PhD candidate", "fZOlu9BwX44-00001-00000564-00000762": "at the University of Wollongong in Australia.", "fZOlu9BwX44-00002-00000816-00001290": "Today I'm going to be talking about a multilevel multivariate meta-analysis that we conducted with", "fZOlu9BwX44-00003-00001290-00001776": "the metafor package in R to evaluate the impact of preeclampsia and offspring blood pressure.", "fZOlu9BwX44-00004-00002022-00002274": "In studies pertaining to cardiovascular health,", "fZOlu9BwX44-00005-00002274-00002544": "the Systolic and diastolic blood pressure are key outcomes", "fZOlu9BwX44-00006-00002544-00003018": "of interest and are both usually reported in primary studies such as randomized trials", "fZOlu9BwX44-00007-00003018-00003504": "and cohort studies. And these outcomes are characterized as dependent. What we mean when", "fZOlu9BwX44-00008-00003504-00003900": "we talk about dependence is that the outcomes are correlated, in this case highly correlated", "fZOlu9BwX44-00009-00003972-00004380": "and this means that knowing information about one outcome reveals some information about the other.", "fZOlu9BwX44-00010-00004548-00005064": "When conducting a naive pairwise meta-analysis, dependent outcomes cannot be pulled together", "fZOlu9BwX44-00011-00005064-00005676": "because doing so would violate the assumption that effect sizes are independent and from a different", "fZOlu9BwX44-00012-00005676-00006090": "sample. And this is because the model doesn't distinguish between the different data structures,", "fZOlu9BwX44-00013-00006156-00006672": "so the actual structure of the data is as shown here where Systolic and Diastolic blood pressure", "fZOlu9BwX44-00014-00006672-00007164": "are measured in the same participants but in a naive pairwise meta-analysis", "fZOlu9BwX44-00015-00007164-00007614": "the statistical model assumes that the effect sizes are from a different unrelated sample,", "fZOlu9BwX44-00016-00007776-00007980": "and this is true even if the outcomes are different.", "fZOlu9BwX44-00017-00008142-00008724": "And this is problematic mainly due to the artificial increase in the sample size and this", "fZOlu9BwX44-00018-00008724-00009348": "this leads to confidence intervals that are much too narrow. An appropriate approach to combine", "fZOlu9BwX44-00019-00009348-00009918": "multiple dependent outcomes in a meta-analysis model is through multilevel modeling,", "fZOlu9BwX44-00020-00009918-00010374": "which accounts for their dependence between the outcomes by specifying in the statistical", "fZOlu9BwX44-00021-00010374-00010932": "model how each effect size is nested in the included study. So as sharing", "fZOlu9BwX44-00022-00010932-00011388": "in the illustration here if a study reports both systolic and diastolic blood pressure,", "fZOlu9BwX44-00023-00011442-00011982": "we can add another level of variance at level two. So this is basically an extension of a", "fZOlu9BwX44-00024-00011982-00012438": "random effect two level model with an additional Tau squared variance", "fZOlu9BwX44-00025-00012438-00012816": "component for the multiple outcomes, So now we have three levels of variance.", "fZOlu9BwX44-00026-00012876-00013122": "The correlation coefficient between systolic and", "fZOlu9BwX44-00027-00013122-00013560": "diastolic blood pressure is not required and this is because this is advantageous", "fZOlu9BwX44-00028-00013560-00013926": "because correlations are often not reported in the original studies.", "fZOlu9BwX44-00029-00014076-00014513": "So we've used the case study of preeclampsia and Offspring blood pressure to illustrate an", "fZOlu9BwX44-00030-00014513-00014994": "example of systolic and diastolic blood pressure in a multilevel meta-analysis.", "fZOlu9BwX44-00031-00014994-00015480": "A bit of a background about preeclampsia, it's a health condition during pregnancy characterized", "fZOlu9BwX44-00032-00015480-00016176": "by new onset at hypertension, so hypertension that occurs after 20 weeks of gestation and", "fZOlu9BwX44-00033-00016176-00016716": "occurs alongside maternal organ dysfunction or fetal growth restriction. Although the cause is", "fZOlu9BwX44-00034-00016716-00017202": "not well understood, observational cohort studies have provided some evidence that preeclampsia is", "fZOlu9BwX44-00035-00017202-00017802": "associated with an increase in blood pressure through through childhood and adolescence.", "fZOlu9BwX44-00036-00018060-00018726": "There has have been some previous meta-analyzes on this topic, which use standard pairwise and", "fZOlu9BwX44-00037-00018726-00019104": "univariate meta-analysis and this means that they dealt with the dependence", "fZOlu9BwX44-00038-00019104-00019572": "between systolic and diastolic blood pressure by conducting separate analyzes for each outcome.", "fZOlu9BwX44-00039-00019710-00020310": "Another important component of the structure of the data in this particular case study is", "fZOlu9BwX44-00040-00020310-00020520": "the longitudinal nature of the effect measures.", "fZOlu9BwX44-00041-00020520-00020970": "The biggest participants in the studies were followed for a long period of time and there", "fZOlu9BwX44-00042-00020970-00021438": "are often multiple measures of both systolic and diastolic blood pressure in each sample.", "fZOlu9BwX44-00043-00021510-00022044": "Most of the previous meta-analyzes selected, one time point to extract data from but there", "fZOlu9BwX44-00044-00022044-00022410": "was one previous meta-analysis which included multiple multiple follow-ups", "fZOlu9BwX44-00045-00022410-00022848": "as if they were independent and therefore violating the independence assumption.", "fZOlu9BwX44-00046-00023046-00023658": "Longitudinal data can be included in a multilevel meta-analysis by just considering that", "fZOlu9BwX44-00047-00023658-00024102": "the different time points as different outcomes also nested within each sample.", "fZOlu9BwX44-00048-00024210-00024702": "So this brings us to our current project and our aim was to conduct to conduct a systematic", "fZOlu9BwX44-00049-00024702-00025170": "review and meta-analysis to compare blood pressure of offspring to preeclamptic and", "fZOlu9BwX44-00050-00025170-00025719": "normal types of pregnancies. We registered our protocol in Prospero and to search for articles,", "fZOlu9BwX44-00051-00025719-00026339": "we searched for PubMed, CINAHL, and Embase databases from their Inception to January 31st", "fZOlu9BwX44-00052-00026339-00027006": "2022. And we searched the citations have included cohort studies and previous reviews as well,", "fZOlu9BwX44-00053-00027006-00027624": "as conducted forward citation searching using Google Scholar. For our selection criteria", "fZOlu9BwX44-00054-00027624-00028194": "participants could be any age including from infancy to older age and they were included if", "fZOlu9BwX44-00055-00028194-00028716": "they reported systolic or diastolic blood pressure on a continuous scale, and this", "fZOlu9BwX44-00056-00028716-00029148": "could be millimeters of mercury but could also be percentile scores or standard deviation scores.", "fZOlu9BwX44-00057-00029327-00030000": "They conducted title and Abstract screening using abstract and this was done by two review authors", "fZOlu9BwX44-00058-00030000-00030606": "in duplicate independently and to assess them within study risk of bias, we use the ROBINS-E", "fZOlu9BwX44-00059-00030606-00031218": "tool for observational studies and this was again conducted by two re-authors in duplicate.", "fZOlu9BwX44-00060-00031422-00031854": "When looking at observational evidence, it's very important to take into account that there could be", "fZOlu9BwX44-00061-00031932-00032304": "confounders which affect the relationship between the exposure and the outcome.", "fZOlu9BwX44-00062-00032304-00032616": "So this is a graph showing the confounders and mediators of Interest.", "fZOlu9BwX44-00063-00032712-00033186": "And the main commanders of Interest were maternal smoking and drinking during pregnancy,", "fZOlu9BwX44-00064-00033186-00033954": "education or socioeconomic status, maternal parity, age, ethnicity or pre-pregnancy BMI.", "fZOlu9BwX44-00065-00034146-00034566": "We also made the important distinction between confounders and mediators because", "fZOlu9BwX44-00066-00034566-00035088": "mediators lie on the causal pathway so they could because they occur after development", "fZOlu9BwX44-00067-00035088-00035772": "of PE it's not appropriate to adjust for these. So therefore we only pulled results from studies", "fZOlu9BwX44-00068-00035772-00036270": "which had adjusted for all relevant confounding factors and did not adjust for any mediators.", "fZOlu9BwX44-00069-00036468-00036888": "So for our analysis we chose to pull Hedges' G standardized mean differences", "fZOlu9BwX44-00070-00036978-00037464": "to enable us to pull effect sizes which were expressed as on percentile scores and standard", "fZOlu9BwX44-00071-00037464-00038010": "deviation scores., with those from other cohorts which were expressed in millimeters of mercury.", "fZOlu9BwX44-00072-00038238-00038604": "And because effect sizes were adjusted for confounders using multiple regression models,", "fZOlu9BwX44-00073-00038604-00039060": "we also included a correction factor when calculating these to account for the fact that", "fZOlu9BwX44-00074-00039060-00039594": "the variability amount around the mean difference decreases as the number of variables in the", "fZOlu9BwX44-00075-00039594-00040242": "regression model increases. So this is the code we used to connect the multilevel meta-analysis", "fZOlu9BwX44-00076-00040242-00040776": "and also on the right you can see the data set and how it was set up in long format. So", "fZOlu9BwX44-00077-00040776-00041442": "we first created dummy variables for systolic and diastolic blood pressure, to be used as moderators", "fZOlu9BwX44-00078-00041442-00042036": "in the model and this enabled us to get a pulled effect for both outcomes separately, and then to", "fZOlu9BwX44-00079-00042036-00042720": "run the meta-analysis we used the rma.mv command available in the metfor package, and we specified", "fZOlu9BwX44-00080-00042720-00043464": "the effect size and variance shown here and we'll use the \"mods\" argument for the regression to", "fZOlu9BwX44-00081-00043572-00044322": "obtain a different app effects for systolic and diastolic blood pressure. And importantly we use", "fZOlu9BwX44-00082-00044322-00045084": "the random argument and this was to specify how each effect size was nested inside each cohort.", "fZOlu9BwX44-00083-00045162-00045726": "And we use restricted maximum likelihood estimator for the level 2 and level 3 variability.", "fZOlu9BwX44-00084-00045918-00046446": "So these are the results from our study selection and there were 2,423 unique", "fZOlu9BwX44-00085-00046446-00046974": "reports identified from database searching and 12 unique reports from citation searching.", "fZOlu9BwX44-00086-00047112-00047442": "And after full text screening there were 55 reports of 42", "fZOlu9BwX44-00087-00047664-00048384": "42 cohorts. However like I mentioned before because we only pulled data from cohorts", "fZOlu9BwX44-00088-00048384-00048882": "which were adjusted for confounders, there were only seven cohorts included in data analysis.", "fZOlu9BwX44-00089-00049014-00049734": "So here are the results from our multilevel meta-analysis as shown in the forest plot. So", "fZOlu9BwX44-00090-00049734-00050268": "here we have the systolic blood pressure and the standardized mean difference and the diastolic", "fZOlu9BwX44-00091-00050268-00050886": "blood pressures standardized mean difference pooled. So there were only small increases in", "fZOlu9BwX44-00092-00050886-00051426": "both systolic and diastolic blood pressure and when we re-expressed the standardized", "fZOlu9BwX44-00093-00051426-00051990": "differences in two millimeters of mercury, we had a 1.69 millimeter of mercury difference in", "fZOlu9BwX44-00094-00051990-00052482": "systolic blood pressure and very small 0.65 millimeters for diastolic blood pressure.", "fZOlu9BwX44-00095-00052674-00053202": "So here are the results from my risk of bias assessment overall there was a low risk of bias", "fZOlu9BwX44-00096-00053202-00053934": "in most domains, but there was some concerns due to missing data mostly due to the long", "fZOlu9BwX44-00097-00053934-00054612": "follow-up of the cohorts and this led to all studies being rated as some concerns overall.", "fZOlu9BwX44-00098-00054816-00055350": "The main interpretation of our findings is that Offspring born to pre-eclamptic pregnancies do", "fZOlu9BwX44-00099-00055350-00055805": "have highest systolic and diastolic blood pressure when compared to normotensive on", "fZOlu9BwX44-00100-00055805-00056304": "pregnancies but this difference was much smaller than previously reported due to the fact that", "fZOlu9BwX44-00101-00056304-00056958": "we correctly specified how dependent outcomes were nested in the cohorts and it's not clear", "fZOlu9BwX44-00102-00056958-00057516": "if these small differences in blood pressure are significant enough to infer clinically meaningful", "fZOlu9BwX44-00103-00057516-00058140": "difference and adverse cardiovascular outcomes in later lives such as heart attack and stroke.", "fZOlu9BwX44-00104-00058332-00058638": "Here are references and thank you so much for watching."}}, {"audio_id": "fafjAEP1ZIk", "text": {"fafjAEP1ZIk-00000-00000809-00000977": "The Lord said to Abraham,", "fafjAEP1ZIk-00001-00001025-00001655": "Leave your country, your family, and your relatives and go to the land that I will show you.", "fafjAEP1ZIk-00002-00001701-00002099": "I will bless you and make your descendants into a great nation.", "fafjAEP1ZIk-00003-00002156-00002465": "You will become famous and be a blessing to others.", "fafjAEP1ZIk-00004-00002517-00002805": "I will bless anyone who blesses you,", "fafjAEP1ZIk-00005-00002834-00003211": "but I will put a curse on anyone who puts a curse on you.", "fafjAEP1ZIk-00006-00003272-00003695": "Everyone on earth will be blessed because of you.", "fafjAEP1ZIk-00007-00003843-00004262": "Abraham was seventy-five years old when the Lord told him to leave the city of Haran.", "fafjAEP1ZIk-00008-00004309-00004666": "He obeyed and left with his wife Sarai, his nephew Lot,", "fafjAEP1ZIk-00009-00004681-00005063": "and all the possessions and slaves they had gotten while in Haran.", "fafjAEP1ZIk-00010-00005184-00005346": "When they came to the land of Canaan,", "fafjAEP1ZIk-00011-00005380-00005900": "Abraham went as far as the sacred tree of Moreh in a place called Shechem.", "fafjAEP1ZIk-00012-00005955-00006246": "The Canaanites were still living in the land at that time,", "fafjAEP1ZIk-00013-00006274-00006519": "but the Lord appeared to Abram and promised,", "fafjAEP1ZIk-00014-00006541-00006865": "I will give this land to your family forever.", "fafjAEP1ZIk-00015-00006921-00007274": "Abraham then built an altar there for the Lord.", "fafjAEP1ZIk-00016-00007429-00007680": "Later the Lord spoke to Abram in a vision,", "fafjAEP1ZIk-00017-00007720-00008240": "Abram, don’t be afraid. I will protect you and reward you greatly.", "fafjAEP1ZIk-00018-00008295-00008418": "But Abram answered,", "fafjAEP1ZIk-00019-00008438-00009255": "Lord All-Powerful, you have given me everything I could ask for, except children.", "fafjAEP1ZIk-00020-00009303-00009821": "And when I die, Eliezer of Damascus will get all I own.", "fafjAEP1ZIk-00021-00009914-00010492": "You have not given me any children, and this servant of mine will inherit everything.", "fafjAEP1ZIk-00022-00010507-00010636": "The Lord replied,", "fafjAEP1ZIk-00023-00010664-00011411": "No, he won’t. You will have a son of your own, and everything you have will be his.", "fafjAEP1ZIk-00024-00011488-00011750": "Then the Lord took Abram outside and said,", "fafjAEP1ZIk-00025-00011782-00012092": "Look at the sky and see if you can count the stars.", "fafjAEP1ZIk-00026-00012146-00012464": "That’s how many descendants you will have.", "fafjAEP1ZIk-00027-00012543-00012966": "Abram believed the Lord, and the Lord was pleased with him.", "fafjAEP1ZIk-00028-00013275-00013513": "The Lord makes another promise to Abram.", "fafjAEP1ZIk-00029-00013596-00013729": "The Lord said to Abram,", "fafjAEP1ZIk-00030-00013755-00014337": "I brought you here from Ur in Chaldea, and I gave you this land.", "fafjAEP1ZIk-00031-00014407-00015017": "Abram asked, Lord God, how can I know the land will be mine?", "fafjAEP1ZIk-00032-00015090-00015211": "Then the Lord told him,", "fafjAEP1ZIk-00033-00015224-00015438": "Bring me a three-year-old cow,", "fafjAEP1ZIk-00034-00015471-00015632": "a three-year-old female goat,", "fafjAEP1ZIk-00035-00015659-00015818": "a three-year-old ram,", "fafjAEP1ZIk-00036-00015842-00016059": "a dove, and a young pigeon.", "fafjAEP1ZIk-00037-00016121-00016256": "Abram obeyed the Lord.", "fafjAEP1ZIk-00038-00016293-00016824": "Then he cut the animals in half and laid the two halves of each animal opposite each other on the ground.", "fafjAEP1ZIk-00039-00016869-00017133": "But he did not cut the doves and pigeons in half.", "fafjAEP1ZIk-00040-00017175-00017670": "And when birds came down to eat the animals, Abram chased them away.", "fafjAEP1ZIk-00041-00017758-00018187": "As the sun was setting, Abram fell into a deep sleep,", "fafjAEP1ZIk-00042-00018233-00018529": "and everything became dark and frightening.", "fafjAEP1ZIk-00043-00018601-00018731": "Then the Lord said,", "fafjAEP1ZIk-00044-00018760-00019294": "Abram, you will live to an old age and die in peace.", "fafjAEP1ZIk-00045-00019361-00020005": "But I solemnly promise that your descendants will live as foreigners in a land that doesn’t belong to them.", "fafjAEP1ZIk-00046-00020058-00020505": "They will be forced into slavery and abused for four hundred years.", "fafjAEP1ZIk-00047-00020551-00020913": "But I will terribly punish the nation that enslaves them,", "fafjAEP1ZIk-00048-00020956-00021268": "and they will leave with many possessions.", "fafjAEP1ZIk-00049-00021379-00021968": "Four generations later, your descendants will return here and take this land,", "fafjAEP1ZIk-00050-00022015-00022652": "because only then will the people who live here be so sinful that they deserve to be punished.", "fafjAEP1ZIk-00051-00022755-00023249": "Sometime after sunset, when it was very dark, a smoking cooking pot", "fafjAEP1ZIk-00052-00023270-00023612": "and a flaming fire went between the two halves of each animal.", "fafjAEP1ZIk-00053-00023660-00024144": "At that time the Lord made an agreement with Abram and told him,", "fafjAEP1ZIk-00054-00024175-00024595": "I will give your descendants the land east of the Shihor River", "fafjAEP1ZIk-00055-00024624-00024969": "on the border of Egypt as far as the Euphrates River.", "fafjAEP1ZIk-00056-00025030-00025499": "They will possess the land of the Kenites, the Kenizzites, the Kadmonites,", "fafjAEP1ZIk-00057-00025522-00025894": "the Hittites, the Perizzites, the Rephaites,", "fafjAEP1ZIk-00058-00025916-00026509": "the Amorites, the Canaanites, the Girgashites, and the Jebusites."}}, {"audio_id": "fagqHbXY5gA", "text": {"fagqHbXY5gA-00000-00000141-00000509": "Hi, I'm Andrew MacCalla, Director of International Programs and Emergency Response at Direct Relief.", "fagqHbXY5gA-00001-00000509-00000754": "I'm standing here in front of a Direct Relief consignment", "fagqHbXY5gA-00002-00000754-00001267": "of 24 pallets of essential medicine, antibiotics, about", "fagqHbXY5gA-00003-00001267-00002098": "15,000 pounds worth of goods that just arrived this morning. We saw the offloading of the plane from Los Angeles to Fiji.", "fagqHbXY5gA-00004-00002098-00002642": "These supplies will be trucked to Suva today and then will be distributed onward", "fagqHbXY5gA-00005-00002642-00003296": "throughout the islands that were hardest hit by this cyclone. Direct Relief has been here", "fagqHbXY5gA-00006-00003296-00003843": "since last week, organizing medical teams and medical relief goods throughout the country,", "fagqHbXY5gA-00007-00003843-00004079": "and we'll be here as the need unfolds."}}, {"audio_id": "fajBTzbs-gM", "text": {"fajBTzbs-gM-00000-00000924-00001237": "Well well well welcome everyone to", "fajBTzbs-gM-00001-00001237-00001429": "this new video about the history of", "fajBTzbs-gM-00002-00001429-00001645": "turkey. In this video we are going to see", "fajBTzbs-gM-00003-00001645-00001803": "some basic geographic and demographic data", "fajBTzbs-gM-00004-00001803-00002107": "of Turkey, that is, we're gonna see", "fajBTzbs-gM-00005-00002107-00002440": "exactly where it is and who lives", "fajBTzbs-gM-00006-00002440-00002593": "in Turkey", "fajBTzbs-gM-00007-00002593-00002821": "In the previous video we saw the concepts", "fajBTzbs-gM-00008-00002821-00003028": "of ethnicity and religion, so if you are not", "fajBTzbs-gM-00009-00003028-00003225": "familiar with this concepts , I advise you to", "fajBTzbs-gM-00010-00003225-00003565": "watch the video.", "fajBTzbs-gM-00011-00003565-00003850": "Turkey is a country with a", "fajBTzbs-gM-00012-00003850-00004072": "privileged geography not only", "fajBTzbs-gM-00013-00004072-00004318": "located between two continents but", "fajBTzbs-gM-00014-00004318-00004512": "It is bathed by various seas and has", "fajBTzbs-gM-00015-00004512-00004693": "several of the most important natural and ancient", "fajBTzbs-gM-00016-00004693-00004939": "regions in the history of", "fajBTzbs-gM-00017-00004939-00005206": "mankind, let's see", "fajBTzbs-gM-00018-00005206-00005410": "Most of the current republic of", "fajBTzbs-gM-00019-00005410-00005650": "Turkey is in Anatolia", "fajBTzbs-gM-00020-00005650-00005881": "that is to say on this peninsula located in the", "fajBTzbs-gM-00021-00005881-00006199": "westernmost sector of Asia. The country", "fajBTzbs-gM-00022-00006199-00006370": "born from the Armenian highlands in the", "fajBTzbs-gM-00023-00006370-00006640": "east and is surrounded by the black sea", "fajBTzbs-gM-00024-00006640-00006994": "-Karadeniz-, the Mediterranean Sea -Akdeniz- and", "fajBTzbs-gM-00025-00006994-00007369": "by the aegean sea -Ege Deniz-, In turkey", "fajBTzbs-gM-00026-00007369-00007627": "we can list at least seven natural regions", "fajBTzbs-gM-00027-00007627-00007858": "let's see some of their", "fajBTzbs-gM-00028-00007858-00008119": "features, let's start with the", "fajBTzbs-gM-00029-00008119-00008400": "Marmara Region.", "fajBTzbs-gM-00030-00008499-00008635": "[Music]", "fajBTzbs-gM-00031-00008635-00008872": "The marmara region takes its name from", "fajBTzbs-gM-00032-00008872-00009147": "this small inland sea, its climate is", "fajBTzbs-gM-00033-00009147-00009352": "warm with not so hot summers and", "fajBTzbs-gM-00034-00009352-00009592": "not so cold winters, is a region", "fajBTzbs-gM-00035-00009592-00009922": "densely populated and industrialized, the", "fajBTzbs-gM-00036-00009922-00010135": "Marmara region includes the small", "fajBTzbs-gM-00037-00010135-00010360": "but important European portion of", "fajBTzbs-gM-00038-00010360-00010650": "turkey. The european part of turkey it's", "fajBTzbs-gM-00039-00010650-00010947": "called Rumelia is separated from anatolia", "fajBTzbs-gM-00040-00010947-00011182": "by the bosphorus and the dardanelles, these", "fajBTzbs-gM-00041-00011182-00011353": "are straits that besides from separating", "fajBTzbs-gM-00042-00011353-00011674": "Europe and Asia separate the Black Sea from", "fajBTzbs-gM-00043-00011674-00011875": "Mediterranean for which they have a", "fajBTzbs-gM-00044-00011875-00012165": "enormous strategic importance.", "fajBTzbs-gM-00045-00012165-00012402": "In the bosphorus strait lies", "fajBTzbs-gM-00046-00012402-00012696": "the city of istanbul with about 15", "fajBTzbs-gM-00047-00012696-00012872": "million inhabitants and a history of", "fajBTzbs-gM-00048-00012872-00013197": "more than 2500 years is the economic and cultural", "fajBTzbs-gM-00049-00013197-00013566": "engine of the country, Istanbul has dozens", "fajBTzbs-gM-00050-00013566-00013833": "of universities, has all three biggest soccer", "fajBTzbs-gM-00051-00013833-00014019": "<span style=\"font-size: 15.4px;\">teams</span>in the country", "fajBTzbs-gM-00052-00014019-00014376": "Galatasaray Beşiktas and Fenerbahçe. Is the", "fajBTzbs-gM-00053-00014376-00014672": "headquarters of several television channels and", "fajBTzbs-gM-00054-00014672-00014847": "is visited by millions of tourists", "fajBTzbs-gM-00055-00014847-00015138": "every year which look for monuments", "fajBTzbs-gM-00056-00015138-00015402": "like Hagia Sofia, Topkapi Palace and the Sultanahmed", "fajBTzbs-gM-00057-00015402-00015574": "(blue) Mosque.", "fajBTzbs-gM-00058-00015574-00015906": "Istanbul is undoubtedly the pearl of Turkey", "fajBTzbs-gM-00059-00015906-00016132": "politically it is said that the Governorship of", "fajBTzbs-gM-00060-00016132-00016347": "Istanbul is, after presidential", "fajBTzbs-gM-00061-00016347-00016606": "charge, the most valuable position of", "fajBTzbs-gM-00062-00016606-00016780": "turkey in electoral terms,", "fajBTzbs-gM-00063-00016780-00017029": "For this reason, it should be noted that, after", "fajBTzbs-gM-00064-00017029-00017299": "20 years of Islamist governments, the", "fajBTzbs-gM-00065-00017299-00017608": "city is -since 2019- in the hands of", "fajBTzbs-gM-00066-00017608-00017917": "Republican People's Party CHP by", "fajBTzbs-gM-00067-00017917-00018196": "its abbreviations in Turkish. This is the main", "fajBTzbs-gM-00068-00018196-00018469": "opposition party to the presidency of", "fajBTzbs-gM-00069-00018469-00018759": "Recep Tayyip Erdoğan.", "fajBTzbs-gM-00070-00018890-00019123": "The Aegean region to the west of", "fajBTzbs-gM-00071-00019123-00019379": "Turkey takes its name from the Aegean sea, the", "fajBTzbs-gM-00072-00019379-00019651": "sea ​​that separates Greece from Turkey, this is", "fajBTzbs-gM-00073-00019651-00019931": "a warm region almost all year round, with", "fajBTzbs-gM-00074-00019931-00020168": "quite hot and dry summers and", "fajBTzbs-gM-00075-00020168-00020395": "rather cold winters, is also", "fajBTzbs-gM-00076-00020395-00020612": "an industrialized region the second", "fajBTzbs-gM-00077-00020612-00020848": "after the Marmara and owns popular", "fajBTzbs-gM-00078-00020848-00021125": "tourist destinations like Ephesus, Pamükkale and the Bodrum", "fajBTzbs-gM-00079-00021125-00021451": "beaches. In this region we can", "fajBTzbs-gM-00080-00021451-00021670": "find the city of Izmir, Esmirna in", "fajBTzbs-gM-00081-00021670-00021901": "Spanish, with just over three million", "fajBTzbs-gM-00082-00021901-00022109": "inhabitants is the third city in", "fajBTzbs-gM-00083-00022109-00022370": "terms of population of Turkey. Since", "fajBTzbs-gM-00084-00022370-00022526": "antiquity it had enormous", "fajBTzbs-gM-00085-00022526-00022781": "Greek population and although these", "fajBTzbs-gM-00086-00022781-00023003": "populations have almost disappeared entirely", "fajBTzbs-gM-00087-00023003-00023276": "its influence is still evident", "fajBTzbs-gM-00088-00023276-00023413": "in the city.", "fajBTzbs-gM-00089-00023413-00023602": "One of the most characteristic", "fajBTzbs-gM-00090-00023602-00023818": "important in the region is its open", "fajBTzbs-gM-00091-00023818-00024019": "socio-cultural character and its politic", "fajBTzbs-gM-00092-00024019-00024286": "position. In the region in general and in", "fajBTzbs-gM-00093-00024286-00024526": "Izmir in particular the customs from", "fajBTzbs-gM-00094-00024526-00024730": "how to dress up till the observation", "fajBTzbs-gM-00095-00024730-00024985": "of religious rules are much more", "fajBTzbs-gM-00096-00024985-00025222": "lax than in the rest of Turkey, the", "fajBTzbs-gM-00097-00025222-00025396": "city ​ even has a nickname for", "fajBTzbs-gM-00098-00025396-00025750": "this \"Gavur\" Izmir, T<span style=\"font-size: 15.4px;\">he unfaithfu</span>Izmir, that is", "fajBTzbs-gM-00099-00025750-00025987": "<span style=\"font-size: 15.4px;\">Izmir the non</span>believer. The region is", "fajBTzbs-gM-00100-00025987-00026272": "also an unbeatable stronghold of the", "fajBTzbs-gM-00101-00026272-00026476": "Republican Party of the People who like", "fajBTzbs-gM-00102-00026476-00026788": "I already mentioned, is the opposition.", "fajBTzbs-gM-00103-00026788-00027117": "The Mediterranean region.", "fajBTzbs-gM-00104-00027166-00027418": "As well as the Aegean this is a region of", "fajBTzbs-gM-00105-00027418-00027667": "warm climates and soft winters, the", "fajBTzbs-gM-00106-00027667-00027898": "region begins in the south west of", "fajBTzbs-gM-00107-00027898-00028156": "taurus mountains and from a high mountain", "fajBTzbs-gM-00108-00028156-00028381": "descends to the Mediterranean Sea, there", "fajBTzbs-gM-00109-00028381-00028519": "we find a number of warm cities", "fajBTzbs-gM-00110-00028519-00028758": "like the coastal Antalya or Adana", "fajBTzbs-gM-00111-00028758-00028983": "which is 30 kilometers from the coast.", "fajBTzbs-gM-00112-00028983-00029236": "Adana is the fifth city in turkey in", "fajBTzbs-gM-00113-00029236-00029452": "population and the one that dominates the fertile", "fajBTzbs-gM-00114-00029452-00029767": "region of Çukurova, The region like almost", "fajBTzbs-gM-00115-00029767-00029938": "The whole country has important", "fajBTzbs-gM-00116-00029938-00030195": "historical and tourist places, the same", "fajBTzbs-gM-00117-00030195-00030379": "Antalya and its sober Gates of Adriano,", "fajBTzbs-gM-00118-00030379-00030589": "the ancient cities of", "fajBTzbs-gM-00119-00030589-00030820": "Mira and Olympus, but mostly beaches", "fajBTzbs-gM-00120-00030820-00031119": "many beaches.", "fajBTzbs-gM-00121-00031122-00031335": "Antalya is not only the prefere city-region", "fajBTzbs-gM-00122-00031335-00031518": "by Russians for vacation", "fajBTzbs-gM-00123-00031518-00031752": "but it also has a population of between", "fajBTzbs-gM-00124-00031752-00032073": "30,000 and 60,000 Russians or rather", "fajBTzbs-gM-00125-00032073-00032277": "Russian women since most of them are", "fajBTzbs-gM-00126-00032277-00032544": "women, it should be clarified that many of these", "fajBTzbs-gM-00127-00032544-00032799": "Russians are married to Turkish men and", "fajBTzbs-gM-00128-00032799-00032976": "that they are almost never defined as", "fajBTzbs-gM-00129-00032976-00033172": "minority.", "fajBTzbs-gM-00130-00033172-00033501": "The Black Sea region", "fajBTzbs-gM-00131-00033639-00033843": "The Black Sea region is a cold region", "fajBTzbs-gM-00132-00033843-00034029": "of strong winters and warm summers.", "fajBTzbs-gM-00133-00034029-00034251": "The region covers the entire coast", "fajBTzbs-gM-00134-00034251-00034464": "Turkish black sea from georgia and the", "fajBTzbs-gM-00135-00034464-00034680": "Pontic Mountains in the east to the", "fajBTzbs-gM-00136-00034680-00034956": "MArmara R​region in the west.", "fajBTzbs-gM-00137-00034956-00035190": "The region is famous for its green and leafy", "fajBTzbs-gM-00138-00035190-00035409": "forests and for the extensive", "fajBTzbs-gM-00139-00035409-00035751": "black tea crops -Chai in turkish- and", "fajBTzbs-gM-00140-00035751-00036012": "its crops of various types of nuts. This", "fajBTzbs-gM-00141-00036012-00036186": "it is the least urbanized region of all", "fajBTzbs-gM-00142-00036186-00036354": "Turkey with more than half of the", "fajBTzbs-gM-00143-00036354-00036588": "population living in rural areas.", "fajBTzbs-gM-00144-00036588-00036777": "However in this region we have to", "fajBTzbs-gM-00145-00036777-00037095": "mention cities like Rize, Ordun and", "fajBTzbs-gM-00146-00037095-00037407": "above all Trabzom. The region has", "fajBTzbs-gM-00147-00037407-00037653": "various minorities like the Laz people which", "fajBTzbs-gM-00148-00037653-00037830": "speaks a unique language related to", "fajBTzbs-gM-00149-00037830-00038091": "Georgian or the point Greeks good", "fajBTzbs-gM-00150-00038091-00038253": "part of which has been converted to", "fajBTzbs-gM-00151-00038253-00038463": "islam and some of them are bilingual i mean they speak", "fajBTzbs-gM-00152-00038463-00038745": "Turkish and Greek, as well as the Hemşemlı people", "fajBTzbs-gM-00153-00038745-00038955": "that is, ethnic Armenians converted to", "fajBTzbs-gM-00154-00038955-00039168": "Islam some of which in addition to", "fajBTzbs-gM-00155-00039168-00039446": "Turkish preserves in its Armenian language.", "fajBTzbs-gM-00156-00039446-00039680": "The culture of the Black Sea unlıke", "fajBTzbs-gM-00157-00039680-00039928": "the Aegean or the Mediterranean and even", "fajBTzbs-gM-00158-00039928-00040138": "Marmarisö is much closer to the", "fajBTzbs-gM-00159-00040138-00040355": "religionö that's way it's not strange that politically", "fajBTzbs-gM-00160-00040355-00040547": "almost all black sea districts", "fajBTzbs-gM-00161-00040547-00040727": "have been voters of the Islamist", "fajBTzbs-gM-00162-00040727-00040856": "or nationalist", "fajBTzbs-gM-00163-00040856-00041103": "parties.", "fajBTzbs-gM-00164-00041103-00041465": "The Eastern Anatolia region", "fajBTzbs-gM-00165-00041534-00041817": "The region today called<span style=\"font-size: 15.4px;\">Eastern Anatolia</span>", "fajBTzbs-gM-00166-00041817-00042039": "corresponds to the<span style=\"font-size: 15.4px;\">historically</span>called", "fajBTzbs-gM-00167-00042039-00042309": "<span style=\"font-size: 15.4px;\">region of</span>armenia, this region at", "fajBTzbs-gM-00168-00042309-00042525": "East Turkey had a very<span style=\"font-size: 15.4px;\">considerable</span>quantity", "fajBTzbs-gM-00169-00042525-00042759": "of Armenian population till", "fajBTzbs-gM-00170-00042759-00043092": "the genocide in 1915. In addition to", "fajBTzbs-gM-00171-00043092-00043290": "genocide we must remember that the region", "fajBTzbs-gM-00172-00043290-00043497": "suffered several invasions by", "fajBTzbs-gM-00173-00043497-00043683": "Russia from the 19th century to the", "fajBTzbs-gM-00174-00043683-00043899": "first World War.", "fajBTzbs-gM-00175-00043899-00044076": "This is a roug and cold<span style=\"font-size: 15.4px;\">mountainous</span>region", "fajBTzbs-gM-00176-00044076-00044319": "of short summers and long", "fajBTzbs-gM-00177-00044319-00044466": "and snowy<span style=\"font-size: 15.4px;\">winters</span>where temperatures", "fajBTzbs-gM-00178-00044466-00044721": "have reached the -40°", "fajBTzbs-gM-00179-00044721-00044903": "degrees", "fajBTzbs-gM-00180-00044903-00045182": "It is the least densely populated region of", "fajBTzbs-gM-00181-00045182-00045398": "turkey and where the population grows the most", "fajBTzbs-gM-00182-00045398-00045659": "slowly even decreasing due", "fajBTzbs-gM-00183-00045659-00045907": "of migration to other provinces.", "fajBTzbs-gM-00184-00045907-00046166": "This is one of the regions where", "fajBTzbs-gM-00185-00046166-00046382": "Kurds represent a percentage of the", "fajBTzbs-gM-00186-00046382-00046601": "population slighly larger than the Turkish population", "fajBTzbs-gM-00187-00046601-00046874": "with several of the municipalities being", "fajBTzbs-gM-00188-00046874-00047088": "of clearly Kurdish majority.", "fajBTzbs-gM-00189-00047088-00047361": "The region has ancient cities like", "fajBTzbs-gM-00190-00047361-00047637": "Erzurum, Van and Kars, the region has", "fajBTzbs-gM-00191-00047637-00047850": "some important historical places and", "fajBTzbs-gM-00192-00047850-00047966": "offers winter tourism", "fajBTzbs-gM-00193-00047966-00048318": "mainly, however there is something", "fajBTzbs-gM-00194-00048318-00048498": "about this region that blew my mind of small", "fajBTzbs-gM-00195-00048498-00048663": "contemporary latinamerican, colombian historian,", "fajBTzbs-gM-00196-00048663-00048975": "It's a Persian text carved in", "fajBTzbs-gM-00197-00048975-00049221": "one of the Van Castle walls and is from", "fajBTzbs-gM-00198-00049221-00049500": "king Xerxes and it's written in cuneiform alphabet", "fajBTzbs-gM-00199-00049500-00049674": "and in three diferent", "fajBTzbs-gM-00200-00049674-00049764": "<span style=\"font-size: 15.4px;\">languages</span>", "fajBTzbs-gM-00201-00049764-00050157": "Babylonian -Acadian-, ancient Persian and in Elamite", "fajBTzbs-gM-00202-00050157-00050505": "Who in the hell has a Persian text in three", "fajBTzbs-gM-00203-00050505-00050754": "languages, ​​in cuneifor alphabet and", "fajBTzbs-gM-00204-00050754-00051066": "carved into a castle, ah!? But let's go back to the", "fajBTzbs-gM-00205-00051066-00051282": "issue, regarding political affiliation", "fajBTzbs-gM-00206-00051282-00051540": "there are two fairly entrenched partiess in", "fajBTzbs-gM-00207-00051540-00051803": "the region, one is the AK party,", "fajBTzbs-gM-00208-00051803-00052095": "the Islamist and government party, the other is the", "fajBTzbs-gM-00209-00052095-00052326": "HDP Teh Peoples Democratic Party", "fajBTzbs-gM-00210-00052326-00052592": "for its acronym in Turkish, is the party of", "fajBTzbs-gM-00211-00052592-00052782": "the Kurdish cause and is located at the", "fajBTzbs-gM-00212-00052782-00053029": "left of the political spectrum.", "fajBTzbs-gM-00213-00053029-00053341": "It should be noted that in the very sparsely populated", "fajBTzbs-gM-00214-00053341-00053576": "Tünceli region the communist party", "fajBTzbs-gM-00215-00053576-00053776": "<span style=\"font-size: 15.4px;\">won for the fist time</span>the governorate of", "fajBTzbs-gM-00216-00053776-00054020": "one of the 81 provinces that compose Turkey", "fajBTzbs-gM-00217-00054020-00054295": "Southeast region", "fajBTzbs-gM-00218-00054295-00054563": "[Music]", "fajBTzbs-gM-00219-00054563-00054794": "This is a hot region, it has", "fajBTzbs-gM-00220-00054794-00055085": "very hot weather almost all year round and a", "fajBTzbs-gM-00221-00055085-00055271": "mild winter where temperatures", "fajBTzbs-gM-00222-00055271-00055514": "hardly ever drop below 0 degrees and", "fajBTzbs-gM-00223-00055514-00055760": "that rarely see now. It's located south of", "fajBTzbs-gM-00224-00055760-00055985": "the taurus mountains and north of Syria and", "fajBTzbs-gM-00225-00055985-00056104": "Iraq", "fajBTzbs-gM-00226-00056104-00056307": "The largest city in the region is", "fajBTzbs-gM-00227-00056307-00056560": "Gaziantep, famous for its food and its", "fajBTzbs-gM-00228-00056560-00056836": "huge mosaic museum.Besides Gaziantep", "fajBTzbs-gM-00229-00056836-00057069": "the region houses the main", "fajBTzbs-gM-00230-00057069-00057300": "Kurdish cities of Turkey, that is Mardin", "fajBTzbs-gM-00231-00057300-00057676": "Şanliurfa and above all Dıyarbakır.", "fajBTzbs-gM-00232-00057676-00057919": "Politically it's not surprising that", "fajBTzbs-gM-00233-00057919-00058102": "ither than Gaziantep the region is", "fajBTzbs-gM-00234-00058102-00058282": "dominated by the Peoples Democratic", "fajBTzbs-gM-00235-00058282-00058472": "Party. However we must", "fajBTzbs-gM-00236-00058472-00058702": "mention that the Erdoğan government", "fajBTzbs-gM-00237-00058702-00058916": "has removed from office", "fajBTzbs-gM-00238-00058916-00059152": "democratically elected governors and", "fajBTzbs-gM-00239-00059152-00059314": "instead he has put people", "fajBTzbs-gM-00240-00059314-00059461": "close to his party", "fajBTzbs-gM-00241-00059461-00059695": "weakening one of the few strong pillars", "fajBTzbs-gM-00242-00059695-00059935": "of Turkish democracy.", "fajBTzbs-gM-00243-00059935-00060173": "finally we can not fail to mention", "fajBTzbs-gM-00244-00060173-00060410": "that this turkish region is part of", "fajBTzbs-gM-00245-00060410-00060644": "the historical Mesopotamia.Yeaaaah the one of the", "fajBTzbs-gM-00246-00060644-00060875": "the origin of civilization and Babylon", "fajBTzbs-gM-00247-00060875-00061126": "and all thatstuff. In fact the Tigris and Eufrates rivers", "fajBTzbs-gM-00248-00061126-00061354": "the famous rivers that give their names", "fajBTzbs-gM-00249-00061354-00061637": "to this ancient region are born here, to the south", "fajBTzbs-gM-00250-00061637-00061914": "of the Taurus Mountains", "fajBTzbs-gM-00251-00061914-00062358": "Central Anatolia region", "fajBTzbs-gM-00252-00062674-00062952": "The arid region of Central Anatolia is", "fajBTzbs-gM-00253-00062952-00063180": "in the heart of Turkey,", "fajBTzbs-gM-00254-00063180-00063370": "most of the region is made up of", "fajBTzbs-gM-00255-00063370-00063558": "relatively high hills and valleys.", "fajBTzbs-gM-00256-00063558-00063799": "It is one of the driest regions of Turkey", "fajBTzbs-gM-00257-00063799-00064041": "if not the most. its summers are", "fajBTzbs-gM-00258-00064041-00064317": "hot and its winters are cold and", "fajBTzbs-gM-00259-00064317-00064516": "with snow it is a region of extrem", "fajBTzbs-gM-00260-00064516-00064683": "climates", "fajBTzbs-gM-00261-00064683-00064902": "The region has important cities", "fajBTzbs-gM-00262-00064902-00065160": "like the university town Eskişehir,", "fajBTzbs-gM-00263-00065160-00065385": "Konya, the proud old capital", "fajBTzbs-gM-00264-00065385-00065652": "of the Selcuk Turks s and place of", "fajBTzbs-gM-00265-00065652-00065967": "origin of Mevlevi dervishes.", "fajBTzbs-gM-00266-00065967-00066201": "However the center of the regions the capital", "fajBTzbs-gM-00267-00066201-00066510": "Ankara, since it became", "fajBTzbs-gM-00268-00066510-00066861": "the capital of the republic in 1923 the", "fajBTzbs-gM-00269-00066861-00067047": "city ​​population that was less", "fajBTzbs-gM-00270-00067047-00067275": "of 20,000 people, has multiplied to", "fajBTzbs-gM-00271-00067275-00067470": "about 5 million currently.", "fajBTzbs-gM-00272-00067470-00067812": "The city houses the", "fajBTzbs-gM-00273-00067812-00068061": "Parliament, is the seat of the executive and of", "fajBTzbs-gM-00274-00068061-00068280": "the various ministries also is diplomatic", "fajBTzbs-gM-00275-00068280-00068457": "headquarters or where you can", "fajBTzbs-gM-00276-00068457-00068628": "find the majority of embassies and", "fajBTzbs-gM-00277-00068628-00068868": "foreign consulates and it is also the", "fajBTzbs-gM-00278-00068868-00069018": "headquarters of most of the", "fajBTzbs-gM-00279-00069018-00069295": "political parties.", "fajBTzbs-gM-00280-00069295-00069502": "It is important to mention that Ankara is a", "fajBTzbs-gM-00281-00069502-00069622": "historical place in terms of", "fajBTzbs-gM-00282-00069622-00069862": "Republican, it has the first headquarters", "fajBTzbs-gM-00283-00069862-00070009": "of the Congress and the Presidency,", "fajBTzbs-gM-00284-00070009-00070210": "here we find here -in addition to the museums of", "fajBTzbs-gM-00285-00070210-00070428": "independence- we also can find", "fajBTzbs-gM-00286-00070428-00070744": "the Anıtkabır. The resting place of the", "fajBTzbs-gM-00287-00070744-00070947": "founder of the Mustafa Kemal Atatürk", "fajBTzbs-gM-00288-00071205-00071454": "Although politically the region can be", "fajBTzbs-gM-00289-00071454-00071742": "difficult to define it should be noted that just", "fajBTzbs-gM-00290-00071742-00072048": "like Istanbul, Ankara, after 20 years of", "fajBTzbs-gM-00291-00072048-00072363": "Islamist government has been -since 2019-,", "fajBTzbs-gM-00292-00072363-00072657": "in the hands of which HDP the main<span style=\"font-size: 15.4px;\">opposition</span>", "fajBTzbs-gM-00293-00072657-00072869": "<span style=\"font-size: 15.4px;\">party</span>", "fajBTzbs-gM-00294-00073062-00073236": "ah", "fajBTzbs-gM-00295-00073236-00073583": "Well, Well, Well we have reached the end", "fajBTzbs-gM-00296-00073583-00073770": "of this video about geography and", "fajBTzbs-gM-00297-00073770-00074010": "demographics of turkey I hope that despite", "fajBTzbs-gM-00298-00074010-00074238": "of the basic information has", "fajBTzbs-gM-00299-00074238-00074400": "served or entertained you though", "fajBTzbs-gM-00300-00074400-00074648": "at least a little bit, in this video we saw", "fajBTzbs-gM-00301-00074648-00074910": "especially the 7 natural regions of", "fajBTzbs-gM-00302-00074910-00075135": "Turkey and we made a little emphasis on", "fajBTzbs-gM-00303-00075135-00075320": "minorities living in each of", "fajBTzbs-gM-00304-00075320-00075501": "these regions", "fajBTzbs-gM-00305-00075501-00075995": "thanks for watching the video and See you folks"}}, {"audio_id": "faEHpfJWFDA", "text": {"faEHpfJWFDA-00000-00000054-00000301": "- Today we're going to talk about the respiratory system.", "faEHpfJWFDA-00001-00000304-00000568": "The respiratory system is basically", "faEHpfJWFDA-00002-00000570-00000876": "this giant series of tubes.", "faEHpfJWFDA-00003-00000879-00001347": "And the tubes open to the outside world", "faEHpfJWFDA-00004-00001350-00001985": "and allow air from the outside world to enter your body", "faEHpfJWFDA-00005-00001987-00002310": "in much the same way that food enters your body.", "faEHpfJWFDA-00006-00002312-00002697": "It allows the air to get close enough to the blood.", "faEHpfJWFDA-00007-00002699-00002931": "They don't actually ever mix,", "faEHpfJWFDA-00008-00002933-00003197": "but it allows the air to get close enough to the blood", "faEHpfJWFDA-00009-00003199-00003560": "so that gas exchange can occur. So the primary purpose", "faEHpfJWFDA-00010-00003562-00004305": "of the respiratory system is gas exchange.", "faEHpfJWFDA-00011-00004308-00004664": "Now, hopefully after all your experiences", "faEHpfJWFDA-00012-00004666-00004831": "in general bio, hopefully", "faEHpfJWFDA-00013-00004833-00005585": "you know that gas exchange means we're going to get oxygen in,", "faEHpfJWFDA-00014-00005587-00005918": "and we're going to get carbon dioxide out.", "faEHpfJWFDA-00015-00005920-00006205": "And this is our exchange, oxygen comes in,", "faEHpfJWFDA-00016-00006208-00006410": "carbon dioxide gets out.", "faEHpfJWFDA-00017-00006412-00006701": "Oxygen comes in and gets in the blood,", "faEHpfJWFDA-00018-00006704-00006901": "carbon dioxide gets out,", "faEHpfJWFDA-00019-00006904-00007356": "gets back into the lungs, and you blow it back out again.", "faEHpfJWFDA-00020-00007358-00007497": "Primary function", "faEHpfJWFDA-00021-00007499-00007826": "of the respiratory system, but it does some other stuff.", "faEHpfJWFDA-00022-00007829-00008085": "Because the respiratory system is essentially", "faEHpfJWFDA-00023-00008087-00008651": "a series of tubes that are connected to the outside world,", "faEHpfJWFDA-00024-00008654-00008951": "the tubes are lined with mucus membranes.", "faEHpfJWFDA-00025-00008954-00009097": "And one of the functions", "faEHpfJWFDA-00026-00009099-00009497": "of the respiratory system is to condition the air.", "faEHpfJWFDA-00027-00009499-00009897": "Now, you can imagine, I mean,", "faEHpfJWFDA-00028-00009899-00010089": "air is harsh, especially if you're,", "faEHpfJWFDA-00029-00010091-00010472": "like, in a freezing area or a really dry area.", "faEHpfJWFDA-00030-00010475-00010814": "Your respiratory system plays a role in warming the air,", "faEHpfJWFDA-00031-00010816-00010947": "humidifying the air,", "faEHpfJWFDA-00032-00010950-00011310": "so that it's in a good, friendly,", "faEHpfJWFDA-00033-00011312-00011772": "kind state, so that gas exchange can occur.", "faEHpfJWFDA-00034-00011775-00012026": "The respiratory system is responsible", "faEHpfJWFDA-00035-00012029-00012526": "for what I'm doing right now, which is vocalizing.", "faEHpfJWFDA-00036-00012529-00013156": "Indeed, the respiratory system we breathe in air,", "faEHpfJWFDA-00037-00013158-00013597": "and then we flap our vocal chords.", "faEHpfJWFDA-00038-00013599-00013897": "No joke. And the flapping,", "faEHpfJWFDA-00039-00013899-00014368": "holy flap-o-rama, that creates sound.", "faEHpfJWFDA-00040-00014370-00014614": "I mean, seriously, then we throw our tongue", "faEHpfJWFDA-00041-00014616-00015005": "into the mix and do a little bit of magical movements there,", "faEHpfJWFDA-00042-00015008-00015297": "and you understand what I'm talking about right now.", "faEHpfJWFDA-00043-00015300-00015518": "Or maybe you don't understand what I'm talking about,", "faEHpfJWFDA-00044-00015520-00015976": "in which case I apologize profusely.", "faEHpfJWFDA-00045-00015979-00016097": "The respiratory system,", "faEHpfJWFDA-00046-00016099-00016597": "really important, is involved in smell.", "faEHpfJWFDA-00047-00016600-00017197": "The lining of the upper nasal cavity is covered", "faEHpfJWFDA-00048-00017199-00017497": "in what is called an olfactory epithelium.", "faEHpfJWFDA-00049-00017499-00017697": "And the olfactory epithelium", "faEHpfJWFDA-00050-00017699-00018197": "has special receptors embedded in the tissue,", "faEHpfJWFDA-00051-00018200-00018643": "and they pick up chemicals that come into your lovely nose", "faEHpfJWFDA-00052-00018645-00019139": "and allow you to smell. And the final thing,", "faEHpfJWFDA-00053-00019141-00019576": "the respiratory system mucus membranes, lots of mucus,", "faEHpfJWFDA-00054-00019579-00019793": "lots of goblet cells,", "faEHpfJWFDA-00055-00019795-00020297": "lots of cilia lining the airways,", "faEHpfJWFDA-00056-00020299-00021097": "it plays a role in basically protection,", "faEHpfJWFDA-00057-00021099-00021472": "preventing stuff from getting in your lungs.", "faEHpfJWFDA-00058-00021475-00021818": "Which is why, I think this is the first time", "faEHpfJWFDA-00059-00021820-00022176": "I've told you in this lecture series: don't smoke.", "faEHpfJWFDA-00060-00022179-00022501": "If you smoke, you compromise your respiratory", "faEHpfJWFDA-00061-00022504-00023097": "system's ability to protect you from outside invaders,", "faEHpfJWFDA-00062-00023099-00023435": "and it's not good for you.", "faEHpfJWFDA-00063-00023437-00023756": "Those are our functions of the respiratory system.", "faEHpfJWFDA-00064-00023758-00024226": "Now we're going to go through the tubing starting up here", "faEHpfJWFDA-00065-00024229-00024460": "and ending in our lungs,", "faEHpfJWFDA-00066-00024462-00024858": "and see what happens in each of these places."}}, {"audio_id": "fbiQLhm3XRU", "text": {"fbiQLhm3XRU-00000-00000014-00000541": "More than one-third of people who’ve survived brain hemorrhage stop taking oral anti-blood-clotting", "fbiQLhm3XRU-00001-00000541-00000747": "drugs, like aspirin.", "fbiQLhm3XRU-00002-00000747-00001295": "Normally taken to prevent blood vessel blockage, so-called antiplatelet drugs increase the", "fbiQLhm3XRU-00003-00001295-00001556": "risk of bleeding in general.", "fbiQLhm3XRU-00004-00001556-00002116": "So they’re widely believed to increase the risk of brain hemorrhage happening again.", "fbiQLhm3XRU-00005-00002116-00002618": "But new research suggests that might not be the case.", "fbiQLhm3XRU-00006-00002618-00003202": "Researchers came to that conclusion following a randomized trial involving more than 500", "fbiQLhm3XRU-00007-00003202-00003460": "survivors of brain hemorrhage in the UK.", "fbiQLhm3XRU-00008-00003478-00004018": "Participants were mostly men over the age of 70; all had a history of diseases that", "fbiQLhm3XRU-00009-00004018-00004569": "cause blockage of blood flow due to clotting but had stopped taking oral antiplatelet drugs", "fbiQLhm3XRU-00010-00004570-00004830": "after their brain hemorrhage.", "fbiQLhm3XRU-00011-00004830-00005490": "Researchers split those patients into two groups: half were encouraged to start antiplatelet", "fbiQLhm3XRU-00012-00005490-00005968": "drugs, and half were encouraged to stay off these drugs.", "fbiQLhm3XRU-00013-00006028-00006570": "Over the course of 5 years, the researchers kept track of cases of recurrent bleeding", "fbiQLhm3XRU-00014-00006570-00007064": "and of any major event involving the blockage of blood flow, including stroke and heart", "fbiQLhm3XRU-00015-00007064-00007189": "attack.", "fbiQLhm3XRU-00016-00007189-00007839": "Overall, fewer patients who started antiplatelet drugs experienced recurrences of brain hemorrhage", "fbiQLhm3XRU-00017-00007839-00008242": "than did those who continued to avoid these drugs.", "fbiQLhm3XRU-00018-00008242-00008736": "The numbers of participants experiencing major blood vessel blockage were similar between", "fbiQLhm3XRU-00019-00008736-00008960": "the two groups.", "fbiQLhm3XRU-00020-00008960-00009515": "Those findings appear to exclude all but a very modest increase in the risk of recurrent", "fbiQLhm3XRU-00021-00009515-00010025": "brain hemorrhage with antiplatelet drugs—a risk that could be too small to exceed the", "fbiQLhm3XRU-00022-00010025-00010700": "established benefits of these drugs for preventing heart attacks and strokes. But that isn’t the final word", "fbiQLhm3XRU-00023-00010700-00011309": "on the matter. The results strongly indicated that antiplatelet drugs might reduce the risk", "fbiQLhm3XRU-00024-00011309-00011812": "of brain hemorrhage happening again—the opposite of what was expected.", "fbiQLhm3XRU-00025-00011812-00012432": "However, the research team could not exclude the effect of chance on this finding.", "fbiQLhm3XRU-00026-00012432-00012950": "To be sure, further trials on larger and more varied samples of people are needed—some", "fbiQLhm3XRU-00027-00012950-00013284": "of which are currently ongoing.", "fbiQLhm3XRU-00028-00013284-00013712": "What does appear to be clear, at least, is that the widely held view that antiplatelet", "fbiQLhm3XRU-00029-00013712-00014254": "drugs are bad for survivors of brain hemorrhage isn’t necessarily the case.", "fbiQLhm3XRU-00030-00014254-00014813": "Current and future research could soon narrow in on an even more definitive answer for the", "fbiQLhm3XRU-00031-00014814-00015347": "two million people worldwide who suffer stroke due to brain hemorrhage every year."}}, {"audio_id": "fbtIBtbVWTg", "text": {"fbtIBtbVWTg-00000-00000110-00002610": "Junior Men's Eight - Heat 1", "fbtIBtbVWTg-00001-00002610-00010310": "1: [1] Great Britain - 06:10.0  2: [2] Spain - 06:15.2  3: [3] United States of America - 06:15.4", "fbtIBtbVWTg-00002-00010310-00012810": "Junior Men's Eight - Heat 2", "fbtIBtbVWTg-00003-00012810-00020110": "1: [2] Italy - 06:06.0  2: [1] Germany - 06:11.6  3: [3] Russian Federation - 06:21.9", "fbtIBtbVWTg-00004-00020110-00022310": "Junior Men's Eight - Rep", "fbtIBtbVWTg-00005-00022310-00028710": "1: [2] Germany - 05:44.8  2: [4] United States of America - 05:48.7  3: [3] Spain - 05:51.0", "fbtIBtbVWTg-00006-00028710-00031210": "Junior Men's Eight - Final A", "fbtIBtbVWTg-00007-00031210-00038710": "1: [4] Italy - 05:41.8  2: [3] Great Britain - 05:44.5  3: [2] Germany - 05:46.0", "fbtIBtbVWTg-00008-00038710-00045410": "1: [4] Italy - 05:41.8", "fbtIBtbVWTg-00009-00045410-00049310": "2: [3] Great Britain - 05:44.5", "fbtIBtbVWTg-00010-00049310-00053210": "3: [2] Germany - 05:46.0"}}, {"audio_id": "fbvNT9bfO7A", "text": {"fbvNT9bfO7A-00000-00000503-00001100": "I will often watch young people fight on social media,", "fbvNT9bfO7A-00001-00001200-00001900": "I purposely post my comments, almost never, I just want to use it as a window to measure this generation", "fbvNT9bfO7A-00002-00002000-00002178": "its so funny", "fbvNT9bfO7A-00003-00002178-00002766": "To what extent did A fight with person B have logic and have arguments? This argument is also the same", "fbvNT9bfO7A-00004-00002866-00003313": "Even though if you look at it from the Shari'a side, what is wrong here is also wrong", "fbvNT9bfO7A-00005-00003513-00003813": "to much speak, but not understand", "fbvNT9bfO7A-00006-00003913-00004240": "Most of the time, the effect that occurs is that in an era like this there must be many beggars", "fbvNT9bfO7A-00007-00004340-00004940": "who go to college until they are 22 years old making it difficult for parents", "fbvNT9bfO7A-00008-00004940-00005140": "and then we just relax.", "fbvNT9bfO7A-00009-00005140-00005340": "we think thats our parent duty to give finance to college", "fbvNT9bfO7A-00010-00005440-00005910": "Brother, Muhammad Alfatih is 22 years old and has become a sultan, Imam Syafii has been everywhere for 18 years."}}, {"audio_id": "fbHpxcxOshg", "text": {"fbHpxcxOshg-00000-00000010-00000176": "DENNIS WEIMANN.", "fbHpxcxOshg-00001-00000176-00000183": "DENNIS WEIMANN.", "fbHpxcxOshg-00002-00000183-00000336": "DENNIS WEIMANN. >> DENNIS: THE RED LAKE POLICE", "fbHpxcxOshg-00003-00000336-00000343": "DENNIS WEIMANN. >> DENNIS: THE RED LAKE POLICE", "fbHpxcxOshg-00004-00000343-00000497": "DENNIS WEIMANN. >> DENNIS: THE RED LAKE POLICE DEPARTMENT IS REMINDING THE", "fbHpxcxOshg-00005-00000497-00000503": ">> DENNIS: THE RED LAKE POLICE DEPARTMENT IS REMINDING THE", "fbHpxcxOshg-00006-00000503-00000593": ">> DENNIS: THE RED LAKE POLICE DEPARTMENT IS REMINDING THE PUBLIC THAT IT IS ILLEGAL TO", "fbHpxcxOshg-00007-00000593-00000600": "DEPARTMENT IS REMINDING THE PUBLIC THAT IT IS ILLEGAL TO", "fbHpxcxOshg-00008-00000600-00000780": "DEPARTMENT IS REMINDING THE PUBLIC THAT IT IS ILLEGAL TO TAKE MOOSE ON THE RED LAKE", "fbHpxcxOshg-00009-00000780-00000787": "PUBLIC THAT IT IS ILLEGAL TO TAKE MOOSE ON THE RED LAKE", "fbHpxcxOshg-00010-00000787-00000914": "PUBLIC THAT IT IS ILLEGAL TO TAKE MOOSE ON THE RED LAKE INDIANS RESERVATION.", "fbHpxcxOshg-00011-00000914-00000920": "TAKE MOOSE ON THE RED LAKE INDIANS RESERVATION.", "fbHpxcxOshg-00012-00000920-00001054": "TAKE MOOSE ON THE RED LAKE INDIANS RESERVATION. DUE TO A DECLINE IN THE MOOSE", "fbHpxcxOshg-00013-00001054-00001061": "INDIANS RESERVATION. DUE TO A DECLINE IN THE MOOSE", "fbHpxcxOshg-00014-00001061-00001207": "INDIANS RESERVATION. DUE TO A DECLINE IN THE MOOSE POPULATION THROUGHOUT THE", "fbHpxcxOshg-00015-00001207-00001214": "DUE TO A DECLINE IN THE MOOSE POPULATION THROUGHOUT THE", "fbHpxcxOshg-00016-00001214-00001454": "DUE TO A DECLINE IN THE MOOSE POPULATION THROUGHOUT THE REGION, THE RED LAKE TRIBAL", "fbHpxcxOshg-00017-00001454-00001461": "POPULATION THROUGHOUT THE REGION, THE RED LAKE TRIBAL", "fbHpxcxOshg-00018-00001461-00001608": "POPULATION THROUGHOUT THE REGION, THE RED LAKE TRIBAL COUNCIL HAS TAKEN STEPS TO", "fbHpxcxOshg-00019-00001608-00001614": "REGION, THE RED LAKE TRIBAL COUNCIL HAS TAKEN STEPS TO", "fbHpxcxOshg-00020-00001614-00001735": "REGION, THE RED LAKE TRIBAL COUNCIL HAS TAKEN STEPS TO PROTECT THE MOOSE INHABITING RED", "fbHpxcxOshg-00021-00001735-00001741": "COUNCIL HAS TAKEN STEPS TO PROTECT THE MOOSE INHABITING RED", "fbHpxcxOshg-00022-00001741-00001931": "COUNCIL HAS TAKEN STEPS TO PROTECT THE MOOSE INHABITING RED LAKE LANDS BY IMPLEMENTING A", "fbHpxcxOshg-00023-00001931-00001938": "PROTECT THE MOOSE INHABITING RED LAKE LANDS BY IMPLEMENTING A", "fbHpxcxOshg-00024-00001938-00002088": "PROTECT THE MOOSE INHABITING RED LAKE LANDS BY IMPLEMENTING A MORATORIUM ON MOOSE HUNTING ON", "fbHpxcxOshg-00025-00002088-00002095": "LAKE LANDS BY IMPLEMENTING A MORATORIUM ON MOOSE HUNTING ON", "fbHpxcxOshg-00026-00002095-00002212": "LAKE LANDS BY IMPLEMENTING A MORATORIUM ON MOOSE HUNTING ON ALL TRIBAL LANDS.", "fbHpxcxOshg-00027-00002212-00002218": "MORATORIUM ON MOOSE HUNTING ON ALL TRIBAL LANDS.", "fbHpxcxOshg-00028-00002218-00002392": "MORATORIUM ON MOOSE HUNTING ON ALL TRIBAL LANDS. THIS MORATORIUM INCLUDES THE"}}, {"audio_id": "fbS-SqDKng4", "text": {"fbS-SqDKng4-00000-00000500-00001093": "Draw with Kate Hi, guys 🤗👋🏻", "fbS-SqDKng4-00001-00001093-00001787": "In today's video, i’m going to draw various characters from the One Piece using marker pens", "fbS-SqDKng4-00002-00002115-00002669": "It's much easier to start with a pencil sketch beforehand.", "fbS-SqDKng4-00003-00003951-00004506": "From now on, I’ll work on drawing the line :)", "fbS-SqDKng4-00004-00021490-00022099": "coloring the characters' skin color in turn.", "fbS-SqDKng4-00005-00043206-00043982": "It’s more efficient to draw similar colors at once :)", "fbS-SqDKng4-00006-00063936-00064712": "Haha😄 I changed my work place for a while here!", "fbS-SqDKng4-00007-00075668-00076198": "The last step, use a ruler to draw the frame of the picture to make it", "fbS-SqDKng4-00008-00076344-00076788": "finished 😄 Thanks for watching my video, see you next time 👋🏻💕"}}, {"audio_id": "fcdfEfBTGrQ", "text": {"fcdfEfBTGrQ-00000-00000157-00000660": "The question of us being alone in the universe has fascinated mankind for centuries.", "fcdfEfBTGrQ-00001-00000660-00001304": "The idea that we could be the only intelligent species to exist seems to become less plausible", "fcdfEfBTGrQ-00002-00001304-00001451": "the more we learn.", "fcdfEfBTGrQ-00003-00001451-00002124": "A theory proposed by Physicist Enrico Fermi puts a number value to the possibility of", "fcdfEfBTGrQ-00004-00002124-00002328": "life in the universe.", "fcdfEfBTGrQ-00005-00002328-00002981": "The Fermi hypothesis takes the number galaxies, the stars in those galaxies and the potential", "fcdfEfBTGrQ-00006-00002981-00003636": "number of planets which may support life and gives us a calculation that shows we are indeed", "fcdfEfBTGrQ-00007-00003636-00003869": "not alone in the universe.", "fcdfEfBTGrQ-00008-00003869-00004250": "However this is when we hit the Fermi paradox.", "fcdfEfBTGrQ-00009-00004250-00004930": "If there is so much life out there why we are not inundated with alien species on this", "fcdfEfBTGrQ-00010-00004930-00005035": "planet?", "fcdfEfBTGrQ-00011-00005035-00005597": "For the sake of keeping this post to a reasonable length let’s leave UFO sightings and other", "fcdfEfBTGrQ-00012-00005597-00006173": "evidence to one side, in this video I would like to take a look at another interesting", "fcdfEfBTGrQ-00013-00006173-00006279": "theory.", "fcdfEfBTGrQ-00014-00006279-00006934": "That theory is, the zoo hypothesis!", "fcdfEfBTGrQ-00015-00006934-00007265": "Welcome to if Videos on mystery and history", "fcdfEfBTGrQ-00016-00007265-00007845": "Hit that subscribe button and ring that bell and never miss a video again", "fcdfEfBTGrQ-00017-00007845-00008486": "The idea that our planet is some kind of game reserve of zoo was established by John Ball", "fcdfEfBTGrQ-00018-00008486-00008826": "a radio astronomer in 1973.", "fcdfEfBTGrQ-00019-00008826-00009336": "He raised the question that if there is an abundance of intelligent life in the galaxy", "fcdfEfBTGrQ-00020-00009336-00010136": "what reasons would they have to ignore us or maybe worse quarantine our planet and species.", "fcdfEfBTGrQ-00021-00010136-00010772": "Maybe ET’s view the planet as a wild uncivilized place which is more interesting to observe", "fcdfEfBTGrQ-00022-00010772-00010956": "than become a part of?", "fcdfEfBTGrQ-00023-00010956-00011543": "As advanced as we consider ourselves are we in fact as interesting to aliens as a lion", "fcdfEfBTGrQ-00024-00011543-00011929": "is to a tourist on safari in deepest Africa?", "fcdfEfBTGrQ-00025-00011929-00012573": "This raises an interesting idea that we, (when compared to an extraterrestrial species whom", "fcdfEfBTGrQ-00026-00012573-00013113": "have achieved interstellar travel), are only just stepping onto the first rungs of the", "fcdfEfBTGrQ-00027-00013113-00013430": "evolutionary ladder of intelligence.", "fcdfEfBTGrQ-00028-00013430-00014026": "The last century has shown just how quickly technology can change the evolutionary paths", "fcdfEfBTGrQ-00029-00014026-00014181": "of a species.", "fcdfEfBTGrQ-00030-00014181-00014824": "The next 1000 years will see mankind become something we would find difficult recognizing", "fcdfEfBTGrQ-00031-00014824-00014975": "today.", "fcdfEfBTGrQ-00032-00014975-00015453": "If we could get a glance at our future we would see the results from the advancements", "fcdfEfBTGrQ-00033-00015453-00016080": "in gene editing, A.I and the integration of technology into our bodies.", "fcdfEfBTGrQ-00034-00016080-00016568": "These advanced technologies will change us as a species and it’s a vision we are just", "fcdfEfBTGrQ-00035-00016568-00017254": "coming to terms with, we must start considering the impacts on future human beings, but I", "fcdfEfBTGrQ-00036-00017254-00017354": "digress.", "fcdfEfBTGrQ-00037-00017354-00018063": "Let’s consider these changes we are seeing on our planet when we talk of alien civilizations.", "fcdfEfBTGrQ-00038-00018063-00018678": "Any species that has a line of unbroken evolution with as little as say ‘5000 years difference’", "fcdfEfBTGrQ-00039-00018678-00019198": "would possess technological abilities so far beyond what we consider advanced they could", "fcdfEfBTGrQ-00040-00019198-00019493": "achieve things we can barely imagine.", "fcdfEfBTGrQ-00041-00019493-00020032": "Their superior technological ability would be beyond anything we can dream up even in", "fcdfEfBTGrQ-00042-00020032-00020370": "the biggest and best sci-fi spectacular.", "fcdfEfBTGrQ-00043-00020370-00021076": "Ball explains his ideas by proposing the hypothetical situation of cross species communication,", "fcdfEfBTGrQ-00044-00021076-00021465": "saying: \"An argument based on relative time scales", "fcdfEfBTGrQ-00045-00021465-00022022": "suggests that the appropriate primitive Earth life an animal such as mollusks and trilobites", "fcdfEfBTGrQ-00046-00022022-00022177": "compared with man.", "fcdfEfBTGrQ-00047-00022177-00022524": "We imagine talking with mammals and birds; But oysters?\"", "fcdfEfBTGrQ-00048-00022524-00023119": "And yes, in the alien communication theory we are the oysters!!", "fcdfEfBTGrQ-00049-00023119-00023491": "He goes onto say: “The idea that we shall be welcomed as new", "fcdfEfBTGrQ-00050-00023491-00024087": "members into the galactic community is as unlikely as the idea that oysters will be", "fcdfEfBTGrQ-00051-00024087-00024798": "welcomed as new members into the human community and we’re probably not even edible.”", "fcdfEfBTGrQ-00052-00024798-00025323": "Returning to the idea of a zoo planet, we may find out that we are not even on a level", "fcdfEfBTGrQ-00053-00025323-00025748": "comparable to gorillas or bears or other “aware” animals.", "fcdfEfBTGrQ-00054-00025748-00026194": "To aliens, we might be seen as nothing more than an ant farm.", "fcdfEfBTGrQ-00055-00026194-00026928": "This, as Ball states, isn’t the zoo hypothesis but rather something called the ants-in-the-jungle", "fcdfEfBTGrQ-00056-00026928-00027324": "hypothesis: “The ants-in-the-jungle hypothesis would", "fcdfEfBTGrQ-00057-00027324-00028021": "have us unaware of Extraterrestrial Intelligence, this for the same reason that ants in a jungle", "fcdfEfBTGrQ-00058-00028021-00028679": "may well be unaware of people – Extraterrestrial Intelligence may be to far beyond our intellectual", "fcdfEfBTGrQ-00059-00028679-00028862": "horizon.", "fcdfEfBTGrQ-00060-00028862-00029693": "Some of the phenomena that we already see today may be associated with ETI, but we just", "fcdfEfBTGrQ-00061-00029693-00029916": "don’t understand it.”", "fcdfEfBTGrQ-00062-00029916-00030458": "This is where things may become a little scary, especially if you consider just how easy it", "fcdfEfBTGrQ-00063-00030458-00030874": "is for us to eradicate a nest of ants.", "fcdfEfBTGrQ-00064-00030874-00031364": "The late great Stephen Hawking thought that for this reason we should not broadcast our", "fcdfEfBTGrQ-00065-00031364-00031602": "presence to the Universe.", "fcdfEfBTGrQ-00066-00031602-00032277": "This as a precaution against us making contact with an advanced alien civilization whom could", "fcdfEfBTGrQ-00067-00032277-00032696": "easily conquer us if they so wished.", "fcdfEfBTGrQ-00068-00032696-00033468": "So let’s hope if we have been discovered by ET they choose to keep the Earth as a zoo,", "fcdfEfBTGrQ-00069-00033468-00033786": "maybe watching over us and studying our development.", "fcdfEfBTGrQ-00070-00033786-00034358": "I would prefer life in a fish bowl to the alternative extinction of our species making", "fcdfEfBTGrQ-00071-00034358-00034806": "way for a new alien theme park or tourist attraction!!", "fcdfEfBTGrQ-00072-00034806-00035221": "This is just a hypothesis, it has its floors.", "fcdfEfBTGrQ-00073-00035221-00035772": "For one if we are an intergalactic tourist attraction why do we not see those coming", "fcdfEfBTGrQ-00074-00035772-00036084": "to view our exhibit?", "fcdfEfBTGrQ-00075-00036084-00036631": "Maybe we do, that could provide an explanation for the many UFO sightings.", "fcdfEfBTGrQ-00076-00036631-00036805": "What do you think?", "fcdfEfBTGrQ-00077-00036805-00037462": "Are intelligent extraterrestrial lifeforms out there, and is the earth a zoo?", "fcdfEfBTGrQ-00078-00037462-00037914": "Let me know your thoughts in the comments below.", "fcdfEfBTGrQ-00079-00037914-00038561": "If you enjoy what we do here on the channel please hit that subscribe button, like and", "fcdfEfBTGrQ-00080-00038561-00038675": "share.", "fcdfEfBTGrQ-00081-00038675-00039390": "You can find us across social media by searching ‘we are if’", "fcdfEfBTGrQ-00082-00039390-00039855": "Thanks so much for watching See you next time."}}, {"audio_id": "fcsv0Dr8gbo", "text": {"fcsv0Dr8gbo-00000-00000819-00000919": "lalon song"}}, {"audio_id": "fcNIfIiUBJE", "text": {"fcNIfIiUBJE-00000-00000263-00000563": "Hi. My name is Chinomso Ibe.", "fcNIfIiUBJE-00001-00000563-00001119": "I am a graduate research assistant at the University of Minnesota, and this is a hands-on", "fcNIfIiUBJE-00002-00001120-00001566": "activity demonstration on \"Choosing an Occupational Exposure Limit\".", "fcNIfIiUBJE-00003-00001566-00002429": "I developed this activity along with Tom Peters  from the University of Iowa and Pete Raynor from  the University of Minnesota.", "fcNIfIiUBJE-00004-00002430-00003460": "An occupational exposure limit, also referred to as OEL, is the maximum concentration or quantity of a chemical, biological,", "fcNIfIiUBJE-00005-00003460-00004126": "or physical agent that is considered safe or an  acceptable risk in an environment.", "fcNIfIiUBJE-00006-00004126-00004996": "OELs help us make decisions about exposure to  these agents, especially in workplace  environments.", "fcNIfIiUBJE-00007-00004996-00005269": "There are three main types of OELs.", "fcNIfIiUBJE-00008-00005270-00005846": "The time-weighted average OELs, or TWA, are  established for exposures to substances", "fcNIfIiUBJE-00009-00005846-00006253": "that can lead to chronic or long-term adverse  effects if exceeded.", "fcNIfIiUBJE-00010-00006253-00006816": "The TWA is the airborne concentration to which it  is believed that nearly all workers may be", "fcNIfIiUBJE-00011-00006816-00007369": "repeatedly exposed, day after day, for a working  lifetime without adverse effects.", "fcNIfIiUBJE-00012-00007370-00008043": "Thus, TWA exposures are usually measured over an 8-hour work day or 40-hour work week.", "fcNIfIiUBJE-00013-00008043-00008969": "Short-term exposure limits OEL, or STEL, are applied to substances that cause acute or short-term adverse health effects if exceeded.", "fcNIfIiUBJE-00014-00008970-00009493": "The STEL is the airborne concentration to which  workers can be exposed continuously", "fcNIfIiUBJE-00015-00009493-00010016": "for only a short duration of time, usually within a  period of 15 minutes.", "fcNIfIiUBJE-00016-00010016-00010883": "Ceiling (C) limit OELs are established for the  maximum concentration of substances that will  lead to acute adverse health effects.", "fcNIfIiUBJE-00017-00010883-00011526": "These airborne concentrations must not be  exceeded at any given time.", "fcNIfIiUBJE-00018-00011526-00012173": "In the United States, there are several key  groups that establish OELs.", "fcNIfIiUBJE-00019-00012173-00012703": "The Occupational Safety and Health  Administration (OSHA) issues and enforces", "fcNIfIiUBJE-00020-00012703-00013266": "regulatory OELs called Permissible Exposure  Limits, or PELs.", "fcNIfIiUBJE-00021-00013266-00014103": "The National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) sets Recommended Exposure Limits, or RELs.", "fcNIfIiUBJE-00022-00014103-00015139": "The American Conference of Governmental  Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) provides technical  guidance OELs called Threshold Limit Values,", "fcNIfIiUBJE-00023-00015140-00015743": "or TLVs, as well as the Biological Exposure  Indices, or BEIs.", "fcNIfIiUBJE-00024-00015743-00016753": "The purpose of this activity is to determine and  locate the appropriate OELs for 4 exposure  scenarios and their corresponding data set", "fcNIfIiUBJE-00025-00016753-00017359": "using several resources, one of which is the OSHA annotated Z table.", "fcNIfIiUBJE-00026-00017360-00017950": "The annotated Z table contains details of the federal OSHA and the California State", "fcNIfIiUBJE-00027-00017950-00018873": "OSHA PELs, NIOSH RELs, and ACGIH TLVs by  substance on OSHA’s website.", "fcNIfIiUBJE-00028-00018873-00019729": "For this activity, we will only consider the federal OSHA PEL, NIOSH REL, and ACGIH TLV.", "fcNIfIiUBJE-00029-00019730-00020920": "Substances are listed on either Z-1, Z-2, or Z-3  tables. Each substance will have one or more of  the various types of OELs.", "fcNIfIiUBJE-00030-00020920-00021803": "The short-term OEL is denoted by the letters ST, and the ceiling OEL is denoted by the letter C.", "fcNIfIiUBJE-00031-00021803-00022493": "For example, the California OSHA PEL for the  substance acetic acid, has a", "fcNIfIiUBJE-00032-00022493-00023583": "time-weighted average of 10 parts per million, a short-term limit of 15 parts per million, and a ceiling limit of 40 parts per million.", "fcNIfIiUBJE-00033-00023583-00024066": "The NIOSH Pocket Guide is another good resource for this activity.", "fcNIfIiUBJE-00034-00024066-00024956": "It contains RELs and PELs for various substances and also provides methods to measure exposures to those substances.", "fcNIfIiUBJE-00035-00024956-00025543": "The Pocket Guide can be found on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention website.", "fcNIfIiUBJE-00036-00025543-00025996": "Let’s consider the first exposure scenario.", "fcNIfIiUBJE-00037-00025996-00026683": "Hydrogen sulfide is produced naturally from  decaying organic matter in locations such as  manure waste pits or sewers.", "fcNIfIiUBJE-00038-00026683-00027286": "Workers managing the St. Lawrence Seaway  described \"flu-like symptoms\" and \"general ill  health\", possibly due to exposure to", "fcNIfIiUBJE-00039-00027286-00027893": "stagnant water and decaying marine life during  the annual winter inspection, cleaning, and  repairs of the locks.", "fcNIfIiUBJE-00040-00027893-00028623": "Below are the maximum recorded exposure  levels on personal breathing samples of 6  workers at various locations of the locks.", "fcNIfIiUBJE-00041-00028623-00029229": "First, calculate the average concentration of  hydrogen sulfide gas as measured from the 6  workers.", "fcNIfIiUBJE-00042-00029230-00030196": "So, 18+87+68+5+11+2, divided by 6, equals a  value of 32 parts per million or ppm.", "fcNIfIiUBJE-00043-00030196-00030546": "Next, determine the type of OEL for the scenario.", "fcNIfIiUBJE-00044-00030546-00031309": "In this case, the \"maximum recorded exposure  levels\" were recorded and workers already  showed signs of acute health symptoms.", "fcNIfIiUBJE-00045-00031310-00032039": "Recall that the ceiling limit is the exposure to the  maximum concentration of a substance that lead  to acute adverse health effect.", "fcNIfIiUBJE-00046-00032039-00032603": "Therefore, the type of OEL suggested here is the  ceiling limit.", "fcNIfIiUBJE-00047-00032603-00033299": "Given the situation, look up the ceiling limit OEL  for hydrogen sulfide established by", "fcNIfIiUBJE-00048-00033300-00033776": "OSHA, ACGIH, and NIOSH on the OSHA  Annotated Z-2 Table.", "fcNIfIiUBJE-00049-00033776-00034463": "Both OSHA and NIOSH have established ceiling  limits for hydrogen sulfide, but ACGIH has not  established one.", "fcNIfIiUBJE-00050-00034463-00035139": "The PEL ceiling limit for hydrogen sulfide is 20  parts per million and the REL is 10 parts per  million.", "fcNIfIiUBJE-00051-00035140-00035756": "Enter the 20 parts per million and the 10 parts  per million in the table.", "fcNIfIiUBJE-00052-00035756-00036383": "In comparing the ceiling limit OEL values to the  calculated average value of 32, it is apparent that", "fcNIfIiUBJE-00053-00036383-00037146": "the hydrogen sulfide gas exposure levels are above the OSHA PEL and the NIOSH REL.", "fcNIfIiUBJE-00054-00037146-00037653": "Let’s take a look at the second exposure  scenario for methylene chloride in its liquid state.", "fcNIfIiUBJE-00055-00037653-00038453": "Management at an analytical laboratory was  concerned about multiple solvent exposure in the  preparation of soil and water samples.", "fcNIfIiUBJE-00056-00038453-00038913": "An environmental survey was conducted in the  organic preparations area at the lab,", "fcNIfIiUBJE-00057-00038913-00039719": "which included the measurement of short-term  solvent concentrations in lab refrigerators using a  Miran direct-reading instrument.", "fcNIfIiUBJE-00058-00039720-00040300": "Below are 6 samples of methylene chloride  concentrations measured by the Miran analyzer.", "fcNIfIiUBJE-00059-00040300-00040836": "Here again, determine the average concentration  of the methylene chloride measured.", "fcNIfIiUBJE-00060-00040836-00042133": "So, add 4, 17, 8.7, 2.7, 5.9, and 1.1 parts per  million together and divide the answer by 6 and  the average is 6.6 parts per million.", "fcNIfIiUBJE-00061-00042133-00042759": "The type of OEL reported here is the short-term exposure limit, also known as STEL.", "fcNIfIiUBJE-00062-00042760-00043620": "Next, locate the STEL for methylene chloride on the OSHA Annotated Z Table or the NIOSH Pocket Guide.", "fcNIfIiUBJE-00063-00043620-00043870": "Let’s try the NIOSH Pocket Guide.", "fcNIfIiUBJE-00064-00043870-00045083": "Here, we find the OSHA PEL STEL for methylene chloride to be 125 parts per million. There are no STELs for ACGIH TLVs or NIOSH RELs.", "fcNIfIiUBJE-00065-00045083-00046063": "Enter the 125 parts per million OEL value in the  table and compare it to the average  concentration of 6.6 parts per million.", "fcNIfIiUBJE-00066-00046063-00046543": "It is apparent that the methylene chloride levels  are below the OSHA PEL.", "fcNIfIiUBJE-00067-00046543-00047396": "The third exposure scenario says: Managers at a  building restoration and waterproofing company  wanted to know if the employees were protected", "fcNIfIiUBJE-00068-00047396-00047866": "against respirable silica particles during parking  garage repair.", "fcNIfIiUBJE-00069-00047866-00048566": "Below are full-shift air samples for respirable  silica (quartz) collected on four employees over a  day.", "fcNIfIiUBJE-00070-00048566-00048943": "The dust contained 20% silica by weight.", "fcNIfIiUBJE-00071-00048943-00050023": "The first step would be to calculate the average of the 4 air samples by adding 0.15, 0.13, 0.05, and 0.22 milligram per cubic meter together,", "fcNIfIiUBJE-00072-00050023-00050613": "divide the answer by 4 to arrive at an average  value of 0.14 milligram per cubic meter.", "fcNIfIiUBJE-00073-00050613-00051283": "It is reported that the samples were collected  over a full-shift, which is equivalent to an 8-hour  work day.", "fcNIfIiUBJE-00074-00051283-00051796": "Recall that a time-weighted average OEL is typically set for an 8-hr work day.", "fcNIfIiUBJE-00075-00051796-00052543": "In this case, we can conclude that the type of  OEL to locate for this substance is the time- weighted average OEL.", "fcNIfIiUBJE-00076-00052543-00053486": "Given the situation, look up the time-weighted average for silica air particles provided by OSHA, ACGIH, and NIOSH.", "fcNIfIiUBJE-00077-00053486-00054639": "The OSHA Annotated Table Z-3 shows a TLV of  0.025 milligram per cubic meter and an REL of  0.05 milligram per cubic meter.", "fcNIfIiUBJE-00078-00054640-00055403": "The OSHA PEL requires the percentage of the respired silica from the air be factored when determining the time-weighted average.", "fcNIfIiUBJE-00079-00055403-00056303": "Thus the formula: 10 milligrams per cubic meter divided by the summation of the percentage of the respired silica and 2.", "fcNIfIiUBJE-00080-00056303-00056923": "Enter the 20 percent silica weight in the formula.", "fcNIfIiUBJE-00081-00056923-00057796": "The answer, 0.45 milligram per cubic meter is the OSHA PEL time-weighted average for this specific exposure.", "fcNIfIiUBJE-00082-00057796-00058756": "In comparing the three time-weighted average values of 0.45, 0.025, and 0.05 milligram per cubic meter to the calculated average value of", "fcNIfIiUBJE-00083-00058756-00059519": "0.14 milligram per cubic meter, it is apparent that  the silica particle exposure levels were above the", "fcNIfIiUBJE-00084-00059520-00060273": "ACGIH TLV and NIOSH REL but below the  OSHA PEL.", "fcNIfIiUBJE-00085-00060273-00060856": "In the fourth exposure scenario, NIOSH collected  manganese air samples from MIG welding", "fcNIfIiUBJE-00086-00060856-00061459": "operations of a manufacturing company, with a  sampling time of approximately 500 minutes.", "fcNIfIiUBJE-00087-00061460-00062029": "The samplers can be considered to collect total  or inhalable (IHL) samples of the particles.", "fcNIfIiUBJE-00088-00062029-00063460": "First, determine the average concentration of manganese fumes by adding 110, 54, 270, 150, 110, and 240 micrograms per cubic meter by 6", "fcNIfIiUBJE-00089-00063460-00064446": "to arrive at a value of 156 micrograms per cubic meter, which is equivalent to 0.156 milligram per cubic meter.", "fcNIfIiUBJE-00090-00064446-00064926": "It is reported that the samples were taken over a  500-minute sampling time which is", "fcNIfIiUBJE-00091-00064926-00065443": "approximately an 8-hour work day exposure or time-weighted average.", "fcNIfIiUBJE-00092-00065443-00066463": "Given the situation, look up the time-weighted average for manganese fumes provided by OSHA, ACGIH, and NIOSH.", "fcNIfIiUBJE-00093-00066463-00067489": "The OSHA Annotated Z-1 Table shows TLV and REL values for manganese fumes, but there is no time-weighted average provided for OSHA PEL.", "fcNIfIiUBJE-00094-00067490-00068303": "Enter the OEL values for manganese fumes in the table. In comparing the time-weighted average TLV value of 0.1 milligram", "fcNIfIiUBJE-00095-00068303-00069146": "per cubic meter and the time-weighted average REL of 1 milligram per cubic meter to the calculated average value of 0.156 milligram", "fcNIfIiUBJE-00096-00069146-00069519": "per cubic meter, it is apparent that the manganese fume level at the", "fcNIfIiUBJE-00097-00069520-00070200": "manufacturing company is above the ACGIH OELs but below the NIOSH OEL.", "fcNIfIiUBJE-00098-00070200-00071220": "This the end of this activity. I hope this video has  shown you how to determine and locate the  various types of OELs to assess exposures.", "fcNIfIiUBJE-00099-00071220-00071363": "Thank you for watching!"}}, {"audio_id": "fd6MbUmoS2Y", "text": {"fd6MbUmoS2Y-00000-00001019-00001526": "\"Fellow citizens, pardon me,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00001-00001526-00002039": "and allow me to ask, why am I called upon to speak here", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00002-00002039-00002456": "today? What have I or those I represent to do with your", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00003-00002456-00002840": "national independence? Are the great principles of", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00004-00002840-00003046": "political freedom and of natural justice,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00005-00003046-00003320": "embodied in that Declaration of Independence,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00006-00003320-00003646": "extended to us? And am I, therefore,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00007-00003646-00003866": "called upon to bring our humble offering to the", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00008-00003866-00004130": "national altar, and to confess the benefits,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00009-00004130-00004410": "and express devout gratitude for the blessings resulting", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00010-00004410-00004810": "from your independence to us? Would to God,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00011-00004810-00004960": "both for your sakes and ours,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00012-00004960-00005260": "that an affirmative answer could be truthfully returned", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00013-00005260-00005600": "to these questions. But such is not the state of the", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00014-00005600-00005936": "case. I say it with a sad sense of the disparity", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00015-00005936-00006276": "between us. I am not included within the pale of", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00016-00006276-00006736": "this glorious anniversary! Your high independence only", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00017-00006736-00007109": "reveals the immeasurable distance between us. The", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00018-00007109-00007466": "blessings in which you this day rejoice are not enjoyed", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00019-00007466-00007846": "in common. The rich inheritance of justice,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00020-00007846-00008176": "liberty, prosperity, and independence bequeathed by", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00021-00008176-00008426": "your fathers is shared by you,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00022-00008426-00008840": "not by me. The sunlight that brought life and healing to", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00023-00008840-00009286": "you has brought stripes and death to me. This Fourth of", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00024-00009286-00009906": "July is yours, not mine. You may rejoice,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00025-00009906-00010260": "I must mourn. To drag a man in fetters into the grand", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00026-00010260-00010400": "illuminated temple of liberty,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00027-00010400-00010690": "and call upon him to join you in joyous anthems,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00028-00010690-00011176": "were inhuman mockery and sacrilegious irony. Do you", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00029-00011176-00011786": "mean, citizens, to mock me, by asking me to speak today?", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00030-00011786-00012100": "What to the American slave is your Fourth of July? I", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00031-00012100-00012350": "answer, a day that reveals to him more than all other", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00032-00012350-00012630": "days of the year, the gross injustice and cruelty to", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00033-00012630-00012980": "which he is the constant victim. To him your", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00034-00012980-00013390": "celebration is a sham; your boasted liberty an unholy", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00035-00013390-00013569": "license; your national greatness,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00036-00013569-00013919": "swelling vanity; your sounds of rejoicing are empty and", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00037-00013919-00014150": "heartless; your denunciations of tyrants,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00038-00014150-00014419": "brass-fronted impudence; your shouts of liberty and", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00039-00014419-00014866": "equality, hollow mockery; your prayers and hymns,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00040-00014866-00015006": "your sermons and thanksgivings,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00041-00015006-00015340": "with all your religious parade and solemnity,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00042-00015340-00015646": "are to him mere bombast, fraud,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00043-00015646-00016050": "deception, impiety, and hypocrisy,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00044-00016050-00016330": "a thin veil to cover up crimes which would disgrace", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00045-00016330-00016670": "a nation of savages. There is not a nation of the earth", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00046-00016670-00016940": "guilty of practices more shocking and bloody than are", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00047-00016940-00017400": "the people of these United States at this very hour.", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00048-00017400-00017770": "Go where you may, search where you will,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00049-00017770-00017980": "roam through all the monarchies and despotisms of", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00050-00017980-00018210": "the Old World, travel through South America,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00051-00018210-00018470": "search out every abuse and when you have found the", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00052-00018470-00018780": "last, lay your facts by the side of the everyday", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00053-00018780-00019180": "practices of this nation, and you will say with me", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00054-00019180-00019426": "that, for revolting barbarity and shameless", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00055-00019426-00020066": "hypocrisy, America reigns without a rival.\" Welcome to", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00056-00020066-00021110": "class. Many of you will have recognized Frederick", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00057-00021110-00021470": "Douglass's speech, delivered in Rochester,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00058-00021470-00021796": "New York to abolitionist friends on July 5th,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00059-00021796-00022476": "1852. Douglass is invited by his friends to come to", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00060-00022476-00022950": "Rochester on July 4th to talk about the meaning of", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00061-00022950-00023130": "freedom, the meaning of liberty,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00062-00023130-00023470": "the meaning of this great country. These were his", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00063-00023470-00024050": "friends. He refused to come on July 4th for the reasons", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00064-00024050-00024226": "that you certainly heard in this excerpt--and this is a", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00065-00024226-00024570": "three hour long speech, I spared you two hours and", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00066-00024570-00024920": "fifty-eight minutes of. It's a brilliant speech.", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00067-00024920-00025300": "But he refused to come on July 4th,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00068-00025300-00025620": "because to talk about independence and liberty to", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00069-00025620-00026320": "a person who emancipated himself was unkind at best,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00070-00026320-00026810": "certainly blind. But he did come. He came on July 5th,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00071-00026810-00027260": "the next day, and offered and presented one of the", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00072-00027260-00027670": "great speeches in American letters. Now this course is", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00073-00027670-00028070": "about the African American experience after", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00074-00028070-00028326": "emancipation, from emancipation to the", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00075-00028326-00028710": "present. Today, however, I'm going to lay the", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00076-00028710-00029066": "foundation for the course by discussing events prior to", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00077-00029066-00029193": "the emancipatory moment.", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00078-00029339-00029610": "This class is about the", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00079-00029610-00030203": "post-emancipation African American experience. It is", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00080-00030203-00030583": "about American history. And I hope that point is frankly", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00081-00030583-00030956": "very obvious, but one never quite understands or can", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00082-00030956-00031200": "anticipate all of these things. It is about American", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00083-00031200-00031570": "history fundamentally. At its course,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00084-00031570-00031980": "at its core excuse me, the course is about citizenship,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00085-00031980-00032253": "the most important keyword for the entire class. The", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00086-00032253-00032696": "course is about citizenship, how one becomes a citizen,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00087-00032696-00033200": "what one does to preserve that citizenship. At its", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00088-00033200-00033773": "core then, the class asks the question: what does it", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00089-00033773-00034370": "mean to be American? Now I will ask this question", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00090-00034370-00034693": "explicitly a few times in the class,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00091-00034693-00034946": "but it implicitly is woven through so much of what I'm", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00092-00034946-00035296": "going to be talking about. What does it mean to be", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00093-00035296-00035920": "American? Now we started today talking about or", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00094-00035920-00036313": "listening to an excerpt of Douglass's famous oration", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00095-00036313-00036783": "from 1852. Now I want to move backward even further,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00096-00036783-00037290": "another eighty years or so, going from a rather", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00097-00037290-00037693": "well-known document and a quite famous individual to a", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00098-00037693-00038000": "rather unknown document and to someone who is", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00099-00038000-00038480": "essentially lost to history. I want to talk", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00100-00038480-00039410": "about events in the 1770s. One quick tangent though:", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00101-00039410-00039833": "when I was about four or five years old,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00102-00039833-00040033": "living near Concord, Massachusetts,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00103-00040033-00040216": "my mother would take me on field trips. She'd try them", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00104-00040216-00040680": "out on me before taking her first and second graders.", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00105-00040680-00040873": "And one day she took me to Minuteman Park. Has anybody", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00106-00040873-00041200": "been to Minuteman Park? It's beautiful,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00107-00041200-00041476": "right? It's gorgeous. Anyway,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00108-00041476-00041820": "the site of the start of the Revolutionary War. So I'm", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00109-00041820-00042076": "with my four and five year old attention span listening", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00110-00042076-00042326": "to the tour guides walking through these beautiful", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00111-00042326-00042483": "fields and meadows. Afterwards,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00112-00042483-00042623": "we were driving around a country road,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00113-00042623-00042956": "and I point to these stone walls and said,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00114-00042956-00043213": "\"Mom, those are like the walls the Minutemen hid", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00115-00043213-00043473": "behind from those stories.\" She said,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00116-00043473-00043890": "\"Jonathan, those are the walls.\" Four or five years", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00117-00043890-00044160": "old, I mean, I was not really thinking in grand,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00118-00044160-00044400": "historical terms. Life did not exist beyond my four or", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00119-00044400-00044690": "five years as far as I understood it. But at that", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00120-00044690-00045113": "moment, I sort of was astonished that these", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00121-00045113-00045373": "stories, these fun little stories that I'd been", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00122-00045373-00045583": "hearing for the past hour or so,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00123-00045583-00045683": "whatever it was, in the tour,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00124-00045683-00046106": "were actually true, that something existed beyond my", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00125-00046106-00046460": "own existence on the planet. Looking backwards,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00126-00046460-00046646": "I like to think that that's when I became a historian,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00127-00046646-00046883": "although I would try to be an orthopedic surgeon and", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00128-00046883-00046936": "then a lawyer.", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00129-00046936-00047216": "That stopped after a couple of weeks of college.", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00130-00047216-00047600": "But I can look back and think that I learned", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00131-00047600-00047830": "something that day, that there was something", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00132-00047830-00048600": "about--something larger than myself around me. Near the", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00133-00048600-00049006": "Minuteman Park, there's also a cemetery. At that", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00134-00049006-00049496": "cemetery, there's a headstone. My mother didn't", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00135-00049496-00049670": "take me on this field trip; went with other people,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00136-00049670-00049910": "and did charcoal rubbings of headstones in Concord", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00137-00049910-00050566": "cemeteries. The story behind this headstone is", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00138-00050566-00050700": "where I want to start this course,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00139-00050700-00051100": "really. It's a story about a man named John Jack. It's", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00140-00051100-00051336": "a story about an individual who certainly understood", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00141-00051336-00051846": "very well about a sense, the existence of forces much", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00142-00051846-00052800": "larger than himself determining his life. The", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00143-00052800-00053586": "epitaph reads, excuse me: \"God wills us free. Man", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00144-00053586-00054200": "wills us slave. I will as God wills God's will be", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00145-00054200-00054426": "done.\" That's the opening lines. I know it's a little", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00146-00054426-00054850": "bit tough to make out. It's on the course website,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00147-00054850-00055110": "by the way, the first week. \"God wills us free. Man", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00148-00055110-00055460": "wills us slave. I will as God wills God's will be", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00149-00055460-00056006": "done. Here lies the body of John Jack,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00150-00056006-00056340": "native of Africa, who died March 1773,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00151-00056340-00056756": "aged about 60 years. Though born in the land of slavery,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00152-00056756-00057186": "he was born free. Though he lived in a land of liberty,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00153-00057186-00057546": "he lived a slave, till by his honest though stolen", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00154-00057546-00057870": "labors, he acquired the source of slavery which gave", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00155-00057870-00058220": "him his freedom. Though not long before Death,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00156-00058220-00058570": "the grand tyrant, gave him his final emancipation and", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00157-00058570-00058966": "set him on a footing with kings. Though a slave to", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00158-00058966-00059350": "vice, he practiced those virtues without which kings", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00159-00059350-00059766": "are but slaves.\" It's a remarkable document. My", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00160-00059766-00059920": "mother did this head rubbing--this stone", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00161-00059920-00060250": "rubbing--a charcoal rubbing of the headstone,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00162-00060250-00060520": "had it framed. It hung in my family's house. I walked", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00163-00060520-00061106": "past this image for about fifteen years before I", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00164-00061106-00061520": "actually read it. I'm not saying the guy was bright. I", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00165-00061520-00061776": "look at the opening lines, about nineteen or twenty", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00166-00061776-00062056": "years old, and I'm floored. \"God wills us free. Man", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00167-00062056-00062396": "wills us slave. I will as God wills God's will be", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00168-00062396-00062836": "done.\" It's astonishing. Couple of years later,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00169-00062836-00063120": "I'm heading to grad school, and I look at the headstone", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00170-00063120-00063336": "again, and I'm thinking grand thoughts about going", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00171-00063336-00063610": "to study American history. And I start reading the", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00172-00063610-00063990": "epitaph all over again, and I start seeing all these", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00173-00063990-00064296": "connections, these dualisms, God and man,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00174-00064296-00064879": "freedom and slavery. And so I decided to acquire the", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00175-00064879-00065190": "headstone. I took it from my parents' house. I told", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00176-00065190-00065440": "them about it once I had it on my wall in my apartment", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00177-00065440-00065930": "at grad school. And through my mother's good graces,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00178-00065930-00066146": "I still have it. It hangs above my computer. It's", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00179-00066146-00066430": "always, it's always with me. It is something of a", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00180-00066430-00066956": "totem. Now the story about John Jack I think is even", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00181-00066956-00067310": "more interesting than the headstone. So we know that", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00182-00067310-00067650": "John Jack, certainly not his birth name,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00183-00067650-00068080": "a black African, born in the continent somewhere in", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00184-00068080-00068520": "Africa, a continent with thousands of years history", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00185-00068520-00068926": "of slavery, still present today of course. He", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00186-00068926-00069156": "survives the Middle Passage. He comes to--and", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00187-00069156-00069480": "he's born free in Africa but is enslaved somehow--he", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00188-00069480-00069760": "comes over to what will become the United States.", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00189-00069760-00069956": "It's not quite the United States. John Jack would", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00190-00069956-00070310": "never see the United States. He comes to", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00191-00070310-00070630": "colonial New England. Now this point's just important", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00192-00070630-00070876": "on its surface. We're going to hear a lot about the", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00193-00070876-00071196": "South in this class. If you think geographically about", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00194-00071196-00071330": "so many of the freedom struggles,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00195-00071330-00071596": "the post-emancipation African American experience,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00196-00071596-00071886": "they are southern stories. But don't let yourself be", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00197-00071886-00072120": "fooled. Slavery was alive and well in New England,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00198-00072120-00072410": "and a lot of the freedom struggles that have happened", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00199-00072410-00072680": "since emancipation certainly happened up in New England", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00200-00072680-00073140": "as well. Anyway, John Jack winds up in Concord,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00201-00073140-00073436": "Massachusetts. He has, as the saying would have been", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00202-00073436-00073846": "at the time, \"a kind master\" who teaches him a trade.", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00203-00073846-00074116": "He's a cobbler, works on shoes,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00204-00074116-00074350": "and allows him to keep a little bit of every shoe he", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00205-00074350-00074600": "cobbles. The amount of money's immaterial. It", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00206-00074600-00074916": "wouldn't have been much. Over time,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00207-00074916-00075290": "through his stolen labors, his \"honest though stolen", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00208-00075290-00075610": "labors\" as the epitaph says, he acquired the source of", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00209-00075610-00075970": "slavery. He raised enough money to buy himself. He", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00210-00075970-00076310": "secured his own emancipation through his hard work. He", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00211-00076310-00076640": "acquires some land on the edge of town,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00212-00076640-00077040": "a subsistence farm, nothing much more than that.", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00213-00077040-00077740": "And then we discover that he drinks himself to death.", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00214-00077740-00077910": "Between the time of his emancipation--his", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00215-00077910-00078156": "self-emancipation and his death--he tries to become a", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00216-00078156-00078556": "citizen of Concord. He couldn't do it. He was", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00217-00078556-00078830": "male, an important criteria. Check that one", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00218-00078830-00079116": "off. He owned property. Those were usually the two", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00219-00079116-00079510": "most important criteria. But because he had been", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00220-00079510-00079840": "enslaved, he couldn't become a citizen. Let's think of", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00221-00079840-00080206": "the moment. We are on the cusp of the Revolutionary", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00222-00080206-00080510": "War, in Concord, Massachusetts,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00223-00080510-00080860": "the start of the Revolutionary War. You have", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00224-00080860-00081010": "the citizens of Concord, the white,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00225-00081010-00081210": "male property owners in Concord,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00226-00081210-00081570": "complaining to the British crown about being treated as", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00227-00081570-00081850": "slaves. This is literally their language,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00228-00081850-00082090": "that they were being treated as slaves,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00229-00082090-00082600": "and this wasn't right. Somehow these people", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00230-00082600-00083160": "questing for freedom ignored those people they owned.", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00231-00083160-00083310": "The black African slaves in their midst,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00232-00083310-00084106": "they were blind to their existence,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00233-00084106-00084530": "apparently. John Jack, though,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00234-00084530-00084886": "understood the situation. He saw what was happening", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00235-00084886-00085216": "all around him. He couldn't help but,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00236-00085216-00085390": "and who knows why he became an alcoholic,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00237-00085390-00085780": "but that might be a good reason. Anyway,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00238-00085780-00085950": "he's drinking himself to death and knows it,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00239-00085950-00086390": "and he hires an attorney to put his affairs in order.", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00240-00086390-00086920": "It's his attorney who crafts the epitaph here. Here's", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00241-00086920-00087190": "where the story gets even more interesting,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00242-00087190-00087496": "I think. The person John Jack hires to put his", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00243-00087496-00088056": "affairs in order is a British sympathizer,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00244-00088056-00088670": "a Tory. John Jack got it. He was going to", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00245-00088670-00088850": "hire--almost like he's thumbing his nose", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00246-00088850-00089210": "postmortem. He wasn't going to be allowed to be a", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00247-00089210-00089450": "citizen, despite his freedom,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00248-00089450-00089630": "in an area that's fighting for freedom,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00249-00089630-00089750": "claiming that they weren't citizens,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00250-00089750-00089950": "they were slaves in fact, and they certainly didn't", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00251-00089950-00090280": "know slavery like he knew it. John Jack understood", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00252-00090280-00090570": "something fundamental about what would become the United", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00253-00090570-00091016": "States of America, pretty soon in fact. And the", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00254-00091016-00091160": "fundamental thing he understood is that you", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00255-00091160-00091426": "cannot understand freedom, that thing that is at the", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00256-00091426-00091730": "bedrock of what this country is about,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00257-00091730-00091900": "you cannot understand it without understanding", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00258-00091900-00092270": "slavery. Freedom and slavery were intertwined,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00259-00092270-00092440": "intertwined for the citizens on the ground,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00260-00092440-00092740": "intertwined for people like John Jack,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00261-00092740-00092870": "Frederick Douglass, of course,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00262-00092870-00093500": "and others after. You could not separate the denial of", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00263-00093500-00093750": "freedom from the quest of freedom. That's why the", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00264-00093750-00094220": "citizens of Concord knew it was so important. They may", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00265-00094220-00094390": "not have wanted to have John Jack be a citizen,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00266-00094390-00095416": "but they didn't want to be like him. Two hundred years", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00267-00095416-00095680": "later, after John Jack's attorney produces this", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00268-00095680-00095930": "epitaph--not quite two hundred years,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00269-00095930-00096370": "let's say one hundred and eighty or so--Ralph Ellison,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00270-00096370-00096900": "one of the great writers of the American past,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00271-00096900-00097316": "identifies much of the same phenomenon that John Jack", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00272-00097316-00097550": "must have identified and that John Jack's attorney", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00273-00097550-00097796": "certainly understood. And he wrote this brilliant", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00274-00097796-00098060": "passage. I'll probably use it again later on in the", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00275-00098060-00098576": "course. Ellison wrote, \"Southern whites cannot", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00276-00098576-00098806": "talk, walk, sing, conceive of laws or justice,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00277-00098806-00099380": "think of sex, love, the family,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00278-00099380-00099726": "or freedom, without responding to the presence", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00279-00099726-00100460": "of Negroes.\" They are intertwined,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00280-00100460-00100946": "linked fate, as it were. Now this course is going to", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00281-00100946-00101270": "spend a fair amount of time examining this phenomenon,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00282-00101270-00101780": "the linkage between freedom--not so much freedom", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00283-00101780-00101970": "and slavery, but citizenship and the denial of", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00284-00101970-00102380": "citizenship. And we're going to spend time", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00285-00102380-00102770": "investigating how this challenge,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00286-00102770-00103176": "this problem, this tension, can be located in unexpected", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00287-00103176-00103776": "places. We'll turn to primary sources of all types", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00288-00103776-00104359": "in order to examine this story. One place is a great", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00289-00104359-00104880": "example is just in currency, stuff you're carrying--well,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00290-00104880-00105109": "we don't carry much in terms of dollars and change any", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00291-00105109-00105259": "more, it's on credit cards, I suppose,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00292-00105259-00105590": "debit cards. But back in the day,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00293-00105590-00106080": "a few years ago, when we all carried cash--the story of a", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00294-00106080-00106690": "nation's myth is embodied on its currencies. These are", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00295-00106690-00107290": "two examples of Confederate scrip. I wish I could make", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00296-00107290-00107596": "them bigger. They're actually JPEG screen", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00297-00107596-00107859": "captures. They really aren't--they pixilate pretty", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00298-00107859-00108600": "quickly. But you can see on these dollar bills stories", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00299-00108600-00108780": "that were important to the Confederate States of", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00300-00108780-00109170": "America. A one-dollar bill and a ten-dollar bill. And", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00301-00109170-00109640": "the stories that are important are here,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00302-00109640-00110230": "going back one image. Use my mouse here. Here,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00303-00110230-00110706": "then down here. What you see is labor and white", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00304-00110706-00111406": "womanhood, and the laborer you see is a slave. And I", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00305-00111406-00111690": "know it doesn't show it very clearly in this JPEG,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00306-00111690-00112070": "but the laborer is happy. The slave carrying the", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00307-00112070-00112509": "cotton is smiling. On the other bill,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00308-00112509-00113070": "you have white womanhood. You're going to see this is", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00309-00113070-00113336": "quite a fascinating trope in American history,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00310-00113336-00113790": "southern American history: the exalted white woman,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00311-00113790-00114309": "especially as it pertains to black men,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00312-00114309-00114580": "with tropes of violence, and danger,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00313-00114580-00115240": "and sexual predation woven throughout that dynamic. So", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00314-00115240-00115446": "on the money that Confederates were handing to", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00315-00115446-00115650": "one another to exchange goods,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00316-00115650-00115900": "you have happy labor, you have exalted white", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00317-00115900-00116520": "womanhood. Notions of who belongs,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00318-00116520-00116826": "the myths that form our nation states,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00319-00116826-00117209": "are all around us. They're on the money that we carry.", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00320-00117209-00117646": "We're going to look for stories like this in all", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00321-00117646-00117880": "manner of places, and through looking at these", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00322-00117880-00118159": "stories, we're going to see that the post-emancipation", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00323-00118159-00118520": "African American experience is several different types", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00324-00118520-00118850": "of histories. It's a history of political", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00325-00118850-00119409": "struggle, no doubt. An image here of black woman", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00326-00119409-00120200": "voting, the 1950s I believe, from the same night--and the", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00327-00120200-00120440": "history behind an image like that is filled with all", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00328-00120440-00120686": "kinds of political struggle that you certainly have at", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00329-00120686-00121220": "least a slim awareness of, a glimmer of awareness of.", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00330-00121220-00121659": "But on the same night, in the same district,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00331-00121659-00122406": "that struggle is embodied by this. The risk she took in", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00332-00122406-00122956": "voting were risks that involved her life. It's a", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00333-00122956-00123290": "history of political struggle in this country.", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00334-00123290-00123759": "Certainly a history of social protest as well. You", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00335-00123759-00123996": "have here an image of women from a group called the", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00336-00123996-00124300": "National Association of Colored Women,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00337-00124300-00124456": "the \"upstanding women of the race,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00338-00124456-00124790": "and I use that in quotation marks for reasons we'll", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00339-00124790-00125109": "understand in a few weeks. Not that they weren't", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00340-00125109-00125440": "upstanding, but it's a very loaded phrase on purpose.", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00341-00125440-00125809": "Marching at the White House in this case to protest the", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00342-00125809-00126190": "lack of an anti lynching law. \"Protect life and", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00343-00126190-00126530": "liberty!\" they're exclaiming. It's a history", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00344-00126530-00126750": "of social struggle. It's a history,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00345-00126750-00127200": "certainly, of social control. There are some", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00346-00127200-00127636": "images that don't need much in the way of narration. I", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00347-00127636-00127856": "will point out though--I mean actually I don't know", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00348-00127856-00128090": "the history of the image, but if you look closely,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00349-00128090-00128476": "you'll see Spanish language up here in the archways. I", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00350-00128476-00128590": "think this actually happens in Laredo,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00351-00128590-00129409": "Texas, this Klan rally. It is also a history of", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00352-00129409-00129970": "cultural celebration. We'll spend a few lectures doing", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00353-00129970-00130376": "occasional close readings of important icons,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00354-00130376-00130736": "images, sound clips, movie clips in fact,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00355-00130736-00130886": "from the post-emancipation African American", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00356-00130886-00131370": "experience. This is one image of a series of", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00357-00131370-00131810": "paintings by the artist Aaron Douglas. I'm not", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00358-00131810-00132050": "going to go into it now, because I will go into it in", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00359-00132050-00132416": "about a month and a half, I think. But I will tell you", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00360-00132416-00132596": "that in this history of cultural celebration,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00361-00132596-00132980": "the images that we'll be seeing are complicated,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00362-00132980-00133500": "deeply loaded with many different stories in the", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00363-00133500-00133796": "same spirit of John Jack's epitaph. The stories are in", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00364-00133796-00134166": "this image here, and I'll explain it in more detail as", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00365-00134166-00135010": "we get to it. It's also a history of powerful", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00366-00135010-00135530": "relevance today. We are being trained,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00367-00135530-00135860": "people are trying to train us,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00368-00135860-00136110": "to talk about this moment as being a post-racial moment.", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00369-00136110-00136600": "I actually think it couldn't be anything further from the", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00370-00136600-00137256": "truth. The election of Barack Obama--now excuse me,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00371-00137256-00137540": "I got ahead of my notes one section here. History of", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00372-00137540-00137810": "powerful relevance today for many of its political and", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00373-00137810-00138280": "cultural symbols. Prior to the election of Barack", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00374-00138280-00138646": "Obama, you have battles over flags,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00375-00138646-00139036": "state flags. This is the state flag of Georgia,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00376-00139036-00139216": "had been the state flag of Georgia,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00377-00139216-00139450": "flying above the Capitol, on license plates,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00378-00139450-00139726": "you name it. The Confederate battle flag,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00379-00139726-00139990": "as many of you know, is a powerful symbol", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00380-00139990-00140200": "of--depending on your perspective,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00381-00140200-00140806": "tradition and heritage or violence and degradation.", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00382-00140806-00141390": "There's not much gray area when it comes to the battle", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00383-00141390-00141810": "flag. As NAACP organized protests about flying", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00384-00141810-00142110": "something with the Confederate flag on state", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00385-00142110-00142540": "property, and southern legislatures refused to back", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00386-00142540-00142736": "down--Interestingly enough, the NFL,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00387-00142736-00143130": "National Football League, has done incredible work in", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00388-00143130-00143576": "getting rid of the symbols and markers of a segregated", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00389-00143576-00143796": "past, for fear of threatening boycotts,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00390-00143796-00144060": "removing the Super Bowl from say Atlanta,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00391-00144060-00144330": "because of the Confederate battle flag. And,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00392-00144330-00144656": "in fact, doing something like this in Arizona over", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00393-00144656-00144870": "the fact that Arizona did not recognize Martin Luther", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00394-00144870-00145286": "King Day as a state holiday. The battle ensues over these", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00395-00145286-00145776": "flags in Georgia, and one option is going to be this", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00396-00145776-00145976": "flag that incorporates all the different flags from", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00397-00145976-00146476": "Georgia's past, and this is the final cleaning up as it", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00398-00146476-00147000": "were of southern history. Now it's a history of", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00399-00147000-00147230": "powerful relevance today. This is a handful of years", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00400-00147230-00147566": "ago. Moving to more local events in history,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00401-00147566-00148070": "we can think now about the election of Barack Obama.", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00402-00148070-00148356": "Two years ago when I was teaching this class,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00403-00148356-00148620": "Obama and Clinton were heading into the Democratic", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00404-00148620-00149190": "primaries, and I'll confess, I thought Hillary Clinton", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00405-00149190-00149696": "had this thing locked up. And then this young senator", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00406-00149696-00150070": "from Illinois goes on a historic tear. And as I'm", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00407-00150070-00150170": "giving the lecture course, I'm like,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00408-00150170-00150436": "\"Wow, I've got to rewrite the end of my class.\" And", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00409-00150436-00150650": "then during that election campaign,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00410-00150650-00150900": "there was the Reverend Wright scandal,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00411-00150900-00151190": "and Barack Obama's famous speech in Philadelphia", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00412-00151190-00151610": "during spring break, which is when I really had to", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00413-00151610-00151950": "rewrite the end of my class. After the class is", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00414-00151950-00152390": "over, he goes and gets elected. Some of you were", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00415-00152390-00152730": "here from that moment. This is a screen capture from the", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00416-00152730-00153090": "Yale Daily the next day, after Obama wins the", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00417-00153090-00153516": "election. There's a moment here of the student carrying", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00418-00153516-00153756": "one of the iconic images in the Obama campaign about", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00419-00153756-00154300": "hope, and a suggestion of a new day. Then again,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00420-00154300-00154550": "the suggestion of a post-racial day. Now I", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00421-00154550-00154750": "don't want to deny the fact that this is an historical", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00422-00154750-00154900": "election for all manner of reasons,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00423-00154900-00155076": "whether it was Hillary Clinton who won or Barack", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00424-00155076-00155466": "Obama who won, if a Democrat was to win,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00425-00155466-00155740": "it was going to be historic. I don't want to", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00426-00155740-00156320": "minimize that. But I also don't want to buy into the", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00427-00156320-00156920": "fact that simply because the nation has elected a", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00428-00156920-00157106": "President who is ostensibly black,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00429-00157106-00157536": "and I say that very purposefully--if you think", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00430-00157536-00157776": "about racial coding, as we get later on in this course,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00431-00157776-00158100": "you'll understand better why I say \"ostensibly black.\" I", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00432-00158100-00158306": "don't put any political meaning in that phrase,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00433-00158306-00158606": "by the way. I'm not trying to either prop up or push", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00434-00158606-00159040": "down Barack Obama's racial affiliations. But electing", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00435-00159040-00159280": "a President who's ostensibly black,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00436-00159280-00159816": "the nation healed itself. It found a way to get past", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00437-00159816-00160140": "its ugly histories and its scars. It was a better", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00438-00160140-00160390": "place. It was a more perfect union. It was", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00439-00160390-00161070": "post-racial. But really, was it? Let's think more", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00440-00161070-00161420": "locally. Let's go back to Confederate scrip. As it", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00441-00161420-00161800": "happens, I've been showing the other Confederate scrip", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00442-00161800-00161996": "for years. And about a year ago,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00443-00161996-00162260": "I discovered that, somewhere in the last couple of years,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00444-00162260-00162600": "Yale bought a huge collection of Confederate", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00445-00162600-00162756": "scrip. It now has the largest collection in the", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00446-00162756-00163346": "world of Confederate scrip. Just one of these things.", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00447-00163346-00163446": "[Professor laughs.] Actually,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00448-00163446-00163740": "they are beautiful documents,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00449-00163740-00163950": "I mean, beautifully constructed. So I went up", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00450-00163950-00164110": "to the numismatic--numsistatic--it'", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00451-00164110-00164526": "s one of the words you don't want to flub,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00452-00164526-00164990": "but I just did--collection at Sterling Library and", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00453-00164990-00165460": "looked at the Confederate scrip. And I was floored", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00454-00165460-00165596": "when I saw this image. I'm like,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00455-00165596-00165796": "\"Can you scan this for my purposes,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00456-00165796-00166740": "please?\" You have happy labor. You have Lady", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00457-00166740-00167340": "Liberty. This is happy labor. And you have this", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00458-00167340-00167896": "man. Those of you who know the residential college", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00459-00167896-00168280": "system at Yale, which is all of you,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00460-00168280-00168680": "will know that one of them is named Calhoun College.", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00461-00168680-00168840": "You will know I'm the Master of Calhoun College,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00462-00168840-00169116": "which I think is humorous in just its nomenclature,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00463-00169116-00169630": "certainly. This is John C. Calhoun,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00464-00169630-00169960": "one of the great men of Eli, as the Yale Corporation", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00465-00169960-00170270": "thought through the naming of the residential colleges,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00466-00170270-00170780": "the first seven back in 1931 and '32. They wanted to", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00467-00170780-00171056": "name the colleges after the great--the great sons of", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00468-00171056-00171270": "Eli, excuse me. And they wanted,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00469-00171270-00171526": "you know, the greatest Yale alum in the world of arts,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00470-00171526-00171750": "in the world of letters, in the world of politics,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00471-00171750-00172016": "and so on. And they decided that John C. Calhoun,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00472-00172016-00172190": "an important person, there's no doubt about it:", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00473-00172190-00172400": "vice-president of the United States,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00474-00172400-00172716": "powerful senator from South Carolina--Still revered in", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00475-00172716-00173276": "that state as one of its great heroes. They decided", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00476-00173276-00173476": "that John C. Calhoun was their greatest alum. There", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00477-00173476-00173720": "is no financial connection from the name or the family", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00478-00173720-00174270": "to the college, but this was the logic of 1932,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00479-00174270-00174660": "'33, Yale Corporation. John C. Calhoun was the", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00480-00174660-00174850": "architect--although he did not live to see the Civil", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00481-00174850-00175310": "War--he was the intellectual architect for secession. He", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00482-00175310-00175560": "believed in states' rights, an important theme of this", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00483-00175560-00175746": "course that we'll be talking much more in detail about", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00484-00175746-00176536": "later on. And he certainly did not believe that slaves", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00485-00176536-00176890": "were fully equipped to handle the rigors of", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00486-00176890-00177256": "civilization. It may sound like kind of a strange", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00487-00177256-00177686": "sentence construction. They weren't ready to handle the", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00488-00177686-00177990": "rigors of being civilized, but this is the language of", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00489-00177990-00178706": "the day. I wonder, as I look up in the Master's", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00490-00178706-00178960": "house living room, or in my office,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00491-00178960-00179170": "or in the courtyard--and there's images of Calhoun", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00492-00179170-00179440": "all over the dang place in the college,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00493-00179440-00179800": "I have to wonder what he thinks. History's rather", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00494-00179800-00179990": "humorous sometimes, and the ironies can be rather", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00495-00179990-00180596": "beautiful. But the phenomenon of thinking about", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00496-00180596-00180826": "race, or not thinking about race,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00497-00180826-00181360": "not talking about race, is with us today. It is all", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00498-00181360-00181980": "around us. Now thinking about Confederate scrip from", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00499-00181980-00182250": "quite some time ago, you know we aren't carrying that", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00500-00182250-00182546": "around in our pockets after all. How's that a reminder", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00501-00182546-00182870": "of today, thinking about a decision that some people", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00502-00182870-00183220": "made in 1933? That's not today's thinking. You know,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00503-00183220-00183626": "how is this with us today? Thinking about race is with", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00504-00183626-00184330": "us today in the astonishing ways that people make their", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00505-00184330-00184980": "decisions and maintain their blindnesses. Two years ago,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00506-00184980-00185350": "the freshman class at Yale--some of you might be", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00507-00185350-00185550": "in this room who were in that decision process. I'm", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00508-00185550-00185930": "not going to call you out--decided to have for", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00509-00185930-00186440": "their freshman ball the theme called Gone with the", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00510-00186440-00186736": "Wind. Student: That was last year. Professor", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00511-00186736-00186880": "Jonathan Holloway: Was that last year? Student: Last", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00512-00186880-00187286": "year. Professor Jonathan Holloway: Last year. Well,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00513-00187286-00187540": "let's just say when I heard word of this decision,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00514-00187540-00187770": "I thought it was a very curious decision. I", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00515-00187770-00187970": "discovered the more sort of immature,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00516-00187970-00188166": "sexually prurient reasons for calling it \"Gone with", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00517-00188166-00188460": "the Wind.\" I won't get into those now. But I also know", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00518-00188460-00188890": "that people thought it would be nice. They're aware that", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00519-00188890-00189136": "the movie Gone with the Wind is complicated. They", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00520-00189136-00189470": "thought it would be nice to get dressed up in ball gowns", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00521-00189470-00189680": "and the cotillion style and go to Commons and have a", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00522-00189680-00190106": "wonderful time. The blindness though astonished", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00523-00190106-00190560": "me. Getting dressed up for a cotillion might sound", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00524-00190560-00191200": "lovely. People can--Yalies can make amazing costumes,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00525-00191200-00191420": "but was that really Southern history? Was that really", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00526-00191420-00191890": "what happened? Was that what it was all about? You need", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00527-00191890-00192106": "to understand, as I was telling the students when I", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00528-00192106-00192296": "was raising my concerns about this,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00529-00192296-00192520": "that in many places where you had this plantation", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00530-00192520-00192770": "society, people dressed up for cotillions,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00531-00192770-00193096": "occupying buildings built by slaves,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00532-00193096-00193340": "in many of these places, most of the people were", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00533-00193340-00193830": "black. Gone with the Wind kind of erases this history,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00534-00193830-00194160": "doesn't talk about it. And the notion that some of the", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00535-00194160-00194436": "most educated people in the world would fail to", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00536-00194436-00194970": "understand the connection, or the lack of connection,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00537-00194970-00195326": "with Gone with the Wind to our lived experience,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00538-00195326-00195646": "is rather breathtaking and rather depressing. So I", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00539-00195646-00196260": "decided, in my next lecture, that as a teaching moment,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00540-00196260-00196560": "I'd read a poem called \"Southern History\" by the", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00541-00196560-00196690": "great poet Natasha Trethewey,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00542-00196690-00197240": "who was here last semester actually. Professor", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00543-00197240-00197620": "Trethewey says this: \"Before the war,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00544-00197620-00197960": "they were happy,\" he said. quoting our textbook.", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00545-00197960-00198156": "(This was senior-year history class.)", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00546-00198156-00198300": "\"The slaves were clothed, fed,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00547-00198300-00198636": "and better off under a master's care.\" I watched", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00548-00198636-00199050": "the words blur on the page. No one raised a hand,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00549-00199050-00199506": "disagreed. Not even me.nIt was late.", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00550-00199506-00199656": "we still had Reconstruction to cover", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00551-00199656-00199896": "before the test, and - luckily - three hours of", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00552-00199896-00200170": "watching Gone with the Wind. \"History,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00553-00200170-00200496": "the teacher said, \"of the old South - a true account", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00554-00200496-00200856": "of how things were back then.\" On screen a slave", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00555-00200856-00201156": "stood big as life: big mouth,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00556-00201156-00201700": "bucked eyes, our textbook's grinning proof - a lie my", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00557-00201700-00202486": "teacher guarded. Silent, so did I.\" Now the purpose of", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00558-00202486-00202886": "my class is not to stand silent,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00559-00202886-00203150": "and I hope you will take with you that same", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00560-00203150-00203426": "determination. This is a local history,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00561-00203426-00203786": "after all. You live in it, whether you live in Calhoun,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00562-00203786-00203976": "or whether you happen to live in Davenport or Pierson", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00563-00203976-00204360": "Colleges who, or where, two years ago,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00564-00204360-00204560": "this was spray painted on the walls outside the dining", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00565-00204560-00204969": "hall: \"nigger school.\" Now I don't think anybody from", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00566-00204969-00205300": "Yale spray painted this, or \"drama fags\" across the way", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00567-00205300-00205576": "at the school of drama. I don't think for a second", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00568-00205576-00205950": "anybody at Yale spray painted this. But even", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00569-00205950-00206306": "though we are at Yale does not mean that we are not in", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00570-00206306-00206660": "New Haven. Even though we are at Yale does not mean", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00571-00206660-00207160": "that we are being fed by a population that comes from a", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00572-00207160-00207440": "dramatically different set of resources than we do,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00573-00207440-00207680": "in a highly segregated, de facto to be sure,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00574-00207680-00208110": "desegregated, workforce. It is around us,", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00575-00208110-00208410": "we are subsumed in it, and it is our obligation to", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00576-00208410-00208819": "learn this history, lest we repeat it. Thank you very", "fd6MbUmoS2Y-00577-00208819-00209019": "much, and I'll see you on Wednesday."}}, {"audio_id": "fdgRBIc3Hlc", "text": {"fdgRBIc3Hlc-00000-00000754-00001191": "My favorite teacher, and it's tough to choose because they're all so great, my", "fdgRBIc3Hlc-00001-00001191-00001408": "favorite teacher was Bill Hetrick.", "fdgRBIc3Hlc-00002-00001408-00001639": "He was my eighth grade English teacher.", "fdgRBIc3Hlc-00003-00001639-00002334": "He was an eccentric man, a hard teacher, demanded a lot of us, a little cold and", "fdgRBIc3Hlc-00004-00002334-00002436": "distant.", "fdgRBIc3Hlc-00005-00002436-00002991": "But he was a real lover of poetry and he brought poetry to life for", "fdgRBIc3Hlc-00006-00002991-00003184": "us, and challenged us.", "fdgRBIc3Hlc-00007-00003184-00003422": "And up to that point growing up in a Mexican-American", "fdgRBIc3Hlc-00008-00003422-00003850": "family, I had been socialized to think of poetry as something that was only for", "fdgRBIc3Hlc-00009-00003850-00003950": "girls.", "fdgRBIc3Hlc-00010-00003950-00004350": "I was a boy, science fiction, adventure, fantasy, that kind of stuff you", "fdgRBIc3Hlc-00011-00004350-00004450": "know,", "fdgRBIc3Hlc-00012-00004450-00004671": "pirates and monsters.", "fdgRBIc3Hlc-00013-00004671-00004956": "And he really kind of pulled the lid back off of", "fdgRBIc3Hlc-00014-00004956-00005428": "poetry for me and helped me to understand just how amazing and", "fdgRBIc3Hlc-00015-00005428-00005809": "beautiful and complex and powerful it was.", "fdgRBIc3Hlc-00016-00005809-00005971": "And it just set me on this path that", "fdgRBIc3Hlc-00017-00005971-00006405": "made me want to be a poet and it made me want to help other people to understand", "fdgRBIc3Hlc-00018-00006405-00006575": "the importance of poetry.", "fdgRBIc3Hlc-00019-00006575-00006966": "So if I had to choose one teacher who had will who", "fdgRBIc3Hlc-00020-00006966-00007192": "really shaped my future it would be Bill Hetrick."}}, {"audio_id": "fdCxHZxnrou", "text": {"fdCxHZxnrou-00000-00000600-00000662": "Fin!", "fdCxHZxnrou-00001-00000662-00000862": "You shut your little whore mouth!", "fdCxHZxnrou-00002-00002162-00002362": "including the ones we don't care about", "fdCxHZxnrou-00003-00002362-00002562": "there are almost 200 wonderous nation cats", "fdCxHZxnrou-00004-00002902-00003102": "these are the G8 pussies!", "fdCxHZxnrou-00005-00003641-00003841": "You know it's always sunny when I'm around!", "fdCxHZxnrou-00006-00003919-00004119": "Mehh \"you know it's always sunny when I'm around\"", "fdCxHZxnrou-00007-00004720-00005036": "Guess what, dude? My awesome boss totally hates your lameass boss,", "fdCxHZxnrou-00008-00005036-00005309": "so he really wants to beat your McLoser boss in everything.", "fdCxHZxnrou-00009-00005845-00006118": "If you actually have friends and aren't just fooling yourself", "fdCxHZxnrou-00010-00006613-00006982": "In the desert they were able to travel over 25km per day.", "fdCxHZxnrou-00011-00006982-00007116": "No conversions America!", "fdCxHZxnrou-00012-00007116-00007200": "Learn metric.", "fdCxHZxnrou-00013-00007476-00007837": "Italy went to Africa bc who knows, and you don't really care.", "fdCxHZxnrou-00014-00008674-00008874": "Flattery will get you nowhere!", "fdCxHZxnrou-00015-00008874-00009074": "If we keep looking at each other, maybe he'll go away.", "fdCxHZxnrou-00016-00009546-00009845": "Why, I'm so strong, I even defeated scary Sweden!", "fdCxHZxnrou-00017-00009845-00009988": "I lost my meatballs :(", "fdCxHZxnrou-00018-00010304-00010402": "Russia! I would never!", "fdCxHZxnrou-00019-00010402-00010552": "I mean, unless you ask me too ;)", "fdCxHZxnrou-00020-00010552-00010662": "Do not touch me :)", "fdCxHZxnrou-00021-00011339-00011716": "I don't know what you mean. And how on earth could you consider cockiness a very good trait?", "fdCxHZxnrou-00022-00011716-00011962": "The c*ck brings with it free spirit and boldness", "fdCxHZxnrou-00023-00012379-00012766": "And he's been like staying with Mr Britain even since Britain totally kicked China's ass", "fdCxHZxnrou-00024-00013452-00013652": "Didn't you know that you're my brother?", "fdCxHZxnrou-00025-00013696-00013848": "Britain! I'm hungry!", "fdCxHZxnrou-00026-00013848-00014048": "Stick some food in my face hole!", "fdCxHZxnrou-00027-00014605-00014886": "It seems Canada is a symbol of happiness", "fdCxHZxnrou-00028-00014886-00015086": "they do have a pretty hot prime minister", "fdCxHZxnrou-00029-00015716-00015873": "By someone who could TCB (take care of business)", "fdCxHZxnrou-00030-00015873-00015990": "Grandpa!", "fdCxHZxnrou-00031-00015990-00016190": "Known as SEXY grandoa rome", "fdCxHZxnrou-00032-00016500-00016700": "My boss said I had to live wirh him", "fdCxHZxnrou-00033-00016776-00016897": "Your face hurts me.", "fdCxHZxnrou-00034-00017155-00017355": "-whole lot of work cleaning that stuff up", "fdCxHZxnrou-00035-00017355-00017425": "*random ass scream", "fdCxHZxnrou-00036-00017578-00017687": "hoooorse (but in a really weird way)", "fdCxHZxnrou-00037-00018121-00018321": "The winners will receive prizes like a car", "fdCxHZxnrou-00038-00018321-00018521": "and other crap I didn't need anymore!", "fdCxHZxnrou-00039-00018861-00019061": "Give me candy or I'll play a trick!", "fdCxHZxnrou-00040-00019061-00019261": "Hwllo! I'm candy!"}}, {"audio_id": "fdM2Ssgq1UI", "text": {"fdM2Ssgq1UI-00000-00000066-00000594": "while I was scrolling through shorts, while I was loading a video, YouTube suddenly crashed", "fdM2Ssgq1UI-00001-00000594-00001098": "for the very first time while it was loading shorts, and I've never seen this before. it's", "fdM2Ssgq1UI-00002-00001098-00001710": "a new way to crash YouTube, and if you load up a ton of short videos, this could", "fdM2Ssgq1UI-00003-00001710-00002478": "happen, and I constantly scroll through shorts because I try to find a lot of popular videos", "fdM2Ssgq1UI-00004-00002478-00003054": "and trending videos that I can promote from, and this way I could get more views.", "fdM2Ssgq1UI-00005-00003186-00003936": "however, this isn't always going to be a successful load, and this is how YouTube can crash. maybe", "fdM2Ssgq1UI-00006-00003936-00004692": "because it ran out of ram, it could be maybe due to storage, or it could be the video failed to load.", "fdM2Ssgq1UI-00007-00004830-00005214": "last times, that happened, it never crashed until now."}}, {"audio_id": "fdMznjEglRc", "text": {"fdMznjEglRc-00000-00000358-00000552": "Somebody was asking me", "fdMznjEglRc-00001-00000552-00000800": "Sadhguru how do snakes die", "fdMznjEglRc-00002-00000827-00001298": "Where do they die, because we don't see ever a dead snake unless it's killed by somebody", "fdMznjEglRc-00003-00001321-00001797": "They're asking this question in a tropical country, and I think it's relevant in California also", "fdMznjEglRc-00004-00001861-00002081": "Where there are actually millions of snakes", "fdMznjEglRc-00005-00002152-00002772": "But they're quiet lives. They don't show themselves too often unless you step into their terrain somewhere", "fdMznjEglRc-00006-00002842-00003042": "They don't show themselves", "fdMznjEglRc-00007-00003058-00003258": "They're just there", "fdMznjEglRc-00008-00003297-00003472": "So where do they die?", "fdMznjEglRc-00009-00003472-00003672": "This is something very wonderful", "fdMznjEglRc-00010-00003729-00003929": "particularly cobras", "fdMznjEglRc-00011-00003976-00004251": "When they want to die when they know they should die", "fdMznjEglRc-00012-00004381-00004682": "They will be draw find one put somewhere", "fdMznjEglRc-00013-00004741-00005006": "And go sit there and they won't eat", "fdMznjEglRc-00014-00005065-00005483": "For over 18 to 20 days. They will not eat anything and sit in the same place", "fdMznjEglRc-00015-00005572-00005978": "And they'll die that at one time out of misplaced compassion", "fdMznjEglRc-00016-00006021-00006348": "I have brought down this Cobras because I knew where they would be sitting", "fdMznjEglRc-00017-00006348-00007034": "I would pick them up bring them and try to force-feed them, but do what you want. They won't accept a little bit of food", "fdMznjEglRc-00018-00007111-00007466": "if you leave them again, they go and sit in the same place and", "fdMznjEglRc-00019-00007579-00007779": "They will die there quietly", "fdMznjEglRc-00020-00007831-00008178": "I'm saying a crawling creature has that much awareness", "fdMznjEglRc-00021-00008272-00008715": "Knows how long this body should be on and when it should go", "fdMznjEglRc-00022-00008893-00009315": "Similarly your life and every other life has this consciousness", "fdMznjEglRc-00023-00009379-00009571": "as to", "fdMznjEglRc-00024-00009571-00010172": "When it should exit this body either because we broke the body in some way", "fdMznjEglRc-00025-00010246-00010402": "or because", "fdMznjEglRc-00026-00010402-00011054": "simply the necessary intensity in the body doesn't exist anymore to sustain life when I say a", "fdMznjEglRc-00027-00011152-00011354": "life decides when to leave", "fdMznjEglRc-00028-00011476-00012158": "It's not like you think about it and you decide not that kind of decision means in its own way, not with thought", "fdMznjEglRc-00029-00012225-00012791": "Many decisions about who you are is not decided by your thought it simply made, isn't it?", "fdMznjEglRc-00030-00012936-00013214": "Like that a life decides when to leave", "fdMznjEglRc-00031-00013300-00013447": "As long as it's here", "fdMznjEglRc-00032-00013447-00014119": "We will do everything to preserve it and to hold it and keep it with us because we cherish and value that life", "fdMznjEglRc-00033-00014180-00014427": "But once it leaves we must respect that", "fdMznjEglRc-00034-00014513-00014796": "Because that life has chosen to leave", "fdMznjEglRc-00035-00014915-00015457": "Now when I say life, I'm not talking about the person. I am NOT talking about the personality", "fdMznjEglRc-00036-00015457-00016023": "I am NOT talking about variety of thoughts and emotions and activities that person was involved in", "fdMznjEglRc-00037-00016193-00016855": "You as a person never want to leave because you want to be an endless psychological drama", "fdMznjEglRc-00038-00016997-00017235": "But life wants to leave at a certain time", "fdMznjEglRc-00039-00017318-00017413": "Whether you like it", "fdMznjEglRc-00040-00017413-00018126": "You don't like it life wants to leave because it doesn't want to be trapped in the physical form that you have gathered forever", "fdMznjEglRc-00041-00018182-00018370": "It doesn't want", "fdMznjEglRc-00042-00018370-00018849": "It enjoys the physical form only to a certain length of time after that", "fdMznjEglRc-00043-00018850-00019311": "Even if everything is well many lives leave you will see this particularly in India", "fdMznjEglRc-00044-00019388-00019588": "Yogi's will decide when to leave", "fdMznjEglRc-00045-00019658-00019858": "When they're very healthy and well", "fdMznjEglRc-00046-00019883-00020508": "They sit down and the leave other people think why he was healthy. Why should he leave so you want to get sick and die", "fdMznjEglRc-00047-00020729-00021030": "Do you want to suffer in the hospital for three years?", "fdMznjEglRc-00048-00021031-00021495": "And then only leave, is that the only way to go is it true that?", "fdMznjEglRc-00049-00021598-00021882": "The final thing that you do in your life is death", "fdMznjEglRc-00050-00022025-00022225": "Hello", "fdMznjEglRc-00051-00022282-00022730": "So the last thing that you do in your life is it not very important that you do it gracefully", "fdMznjEglRc-00052-00023065-00023468": "You're you're all from Los Angeles you must do it in style, isn't that", "fdMznjEglRc-00053-00023791-00023991": "At least gracefully", "fdMznjEglRc-00054-00024106-00024774": "Is it also not important that other lives who are around us when their time comes we must facilitate", "fdMznjEglRc-00055-00024793-00025016": "That they must be able to leave gracefully", "fdMznjEglRc-00056-00025120-00025568": "Not make them a wick tum' of medical industry that's going on around us", "fdMznjEglRc-00057-00025672-00025872": "Hello", "fdMznjEglRc-00058-00025873-00025998": "Tell me", "fdMznjEglRc-00059-00025998-00026300": "In what purpose does it serve if you stretch a life?", "fdMznjEglRc-00060-00026329-00026837": "Which is about to exit now for another three months with all kinds of supports three months", "fdMznjEglRc-00061-00026838-00027582": "You stretched it in pain and misery. What does it mean? It just means that you're ignorant about the nature of life and", "fdMznjEglRc-00062-00027688-00028214": "You want to cling to something that you know, and you don't want to know anything that you do not know", "fdMznjEglRc-00063-00028314-00028970": "It's very important. We know the person we know this person and this person and this person, that's fine", "fdMznjEglRc-00064-00029052-00029480": "We've enjoyed their personalities, but you have not touched the nature of their life", "fdMznjEglRc-00065-00029572-00030083": "Because unless you touch the nature of your life, you cannot touch the nature of another life", "fdMznjEglRc-00066-00030183-00030879": "So the most important thing we need to do is we don't have to talk about death prepare for death and nothing is needed", "fdMznjEglRc-00067-00030907-00031107": "what we need to do is", "fdMznjEglRc-00068-00031120-00031692": "Beyond this body which we have gathered which we agree to agree with me that you accumulated this", "fdMznjEglRc-00069-00031732-00032054": "Beyond this mind which is also an accumulation of impressions in", "fdMznjEglRc-00070-00032145-00032266": "information", "fdMznjEglRc-00071-00032266-00032652": "beyond your accumulations if you sit here right now and", "fdMznjEglRc-00072-00032737-00033045": "Experience the life that you are you will have", "fdMznjEglRc-00073-00033109-00033375": "Absolutely no issue with any aspect of life", "fdMznjEglRc-00074-00033439-00033639": "Which includes death?", "fdMznjEglRc-00075-00033718-00033918": "Death is not another thing", "fdMznjEglRc-00076-00033940-00034404": "That death is an ongoing thing right now. All of us are dying slowly one day", "fdMznjEglRc-00077-00034404-00034683": "It will be complete you think it's going to suddenly happen one day", "fdMznjEglRc-00078-00034765-00035054": "It is already on isn't it? Hello", "fdMznjEglRc-00079-00035197-00035365": "Is it not on?", "fdMznjEglRc-00080-00035365-00035565": "It is on in every one of us", "fdMznjEglRc-00081-00035638-00036171": "Should we not conduct this process? See you can call the call this right now I can say I am living", "fdMznjEglRc-00082-00036241-00036771": "Another way of saying it is I'm dying. We want to stretch it as much as we can", "fdMznjEglRc-00083-00036925-00037040": "But", "fdMznjEglRc-00084-00037040-00037240": "to know this", "fdMznjEglRc-00085-00037249-00037791": "experiencial e not trying to figure this intellectually is most important because", "fdMznjEglRc-00086-00037843-00038634": "Intellectually, if you figure you will always be one against the other because this is the nature of an intellect that intellect cannot", "fdMznjEglRc-00087-00038638-00039348": "Perceive anything without creating - so you have created life and death. There is no such thing as life and death", "fdMznjEglRc-00088-00039403-00039624": "Life and death is one package, isn't it?", "fdMznjEglRc-00089-00039694-00040197": "Hello, it's one package as we are living as we are also dying right now", "fdMznjEglRc-00090-00040321-00040782": "The question is how gracefully do it if you learn to do this moment, absolutely", "fdMznjEglRc-00091-00040856-00041502": "Gracefully, you will also conduct that moment. Absolutely gracefully. That is not a different kind of moment", "fdMznjEglRc-00092-00041503-00041733": "That's the same moment in the yogic", "fdMznjEglRc-00093-00041815-00042015": "Science it goes like this", "fdMznjEglRc-00094-00042052-00042357": "Every inhalation you are born every exhalation you die", "fdMznjEglRc-00095-00042533-00043062": "When you were born as a little infant the first thing that you did was inhalation, isn't it?", "fdMznjEglRc-00096-00043216-00043416": "What do you think is the last thing you will do", "fdMznjEglRc-00097-00043646-00043846": "Exhalation, isn't it?", "fdMznjEglRc-00098-00043856-00044056": "Right now when you sit here", "fdMznjEglRc-00099-00044093-00044293": "inhalation exhalation inhalation", "fdMznjEglRc-00100-00044347-00044468": "exhalation", "fdMznjEglRc-00101-00044468-00044859": "Next inhalation did not happen and suddenly a big man is gone poof", "fdMznjEglRc-00102-00045005-00045205": "Yes or no?", "fdMznjEglRc-00103-00045236-00045591": "That's how fragile it is I want you to see this every moment", "fdMznjEglRc-00104-00045591-00046176": "It's happening if this acceleration which went out if it doesn't come back this one is gone", "fdMznjEglRc-00105-00046243-00046443": "How many things a man can do?", "fdMznjEglRc-00106-00046475-00046872": "But at the same time just see how fragile this is", "fdMznjEglRc-00107-00046872-00047433": "This is your yo-yoing with your life every moment. If you don't know how to pull it back it will go away", "fdMznjEglRc-00108-00047621-00048021": "But it doesn't feel like that right now I am real I'm not going to die today", "fdMznjEglRc-00109-00048199-00048535": "A whole lot of people thought so before you and me", "fdMznjEglRc-00110-00048632-00048832": "We must understand", "fdMznjEglRc-00111-00048872-00049113": "Mortality is the fundamental reality of our existence", "fdMznjEglRc-00112-00049225-00049485": "If you do not come to terms with this one thing", "fdMznjEglRc-00113-00049556-00050064": "Believe me. You don't know any other aspect of life in reality, you know only the drama"}}, {"audio_id": "fe0HN4G8LWM", "text": {"fe0HN4G8LWM-00000-00000660-00001163": "so I have the image next I want some text so I'm gonna go ahead and enter", "fe0HN4G8LWM-00001-00001163-00001889": "some text here and just some random text so the best car to drive is vintage", "fe0HN4G8LWM-00002-00001889-00002400": "of course highlight the text make it bigger I can now also customize this", "fe0HN4G8LWM-00003-00002400-00002876": "text box okay and let me show you how it's done", "fe0HN4G8LWM-00004-00002876-00003554": "but first let me enter a rectangle here because I'm gonna customize bring this", "fe0HN4G8LWM-00005-00003554-00004007": "forward or bring this to front change some color all right perfect", "fe0HN4G8LWM-00006-00004007-00004443": "and again you can play with this right so the idea is so that you understand", "fe0HN4G8LWM-00007-00004443-00004986": "see how it snaps to the gridlines and how our blog or the website is kind of", "fe0HN4G8LWM-00008-00004986-00005385": "all in order right and once you group those and then you", "fe0HN4G8LWM-00009-00005385-00005957": "add constraints so it becomes a responsive design as well so the best", "fe0HN4G8LWM-00010-00005957-00006489": "car to drive is vintage let me go ahead and in fact I want to keep these edges", "fe0HN4G8LWM-00011-00006489-00007036": "straight alright next I'm gonna highlight the actual rectangle box and", "fe0HN4G8LWM-00012-00007036-00007458": "the fill color I'm going to change it to the eyedropper and make sure I use the", "fe0HN4G8LWM-00013-00007458-00008159": "same color as our logo okay so it matches the actual theme as well and", "fe0HN4G8LWM-00014-00008159-00008693": "this is good practice by the way so I have my image here I'm gonna make this", "fe0HN4G8LWM-00015-00008693-00009300": "bigger add another button here and that's gonna say find out more and this", "fe0HN4G8LWM-00016-00009300-00009872": "I'm gonna fill with the other color of the logo add some text I can say click", "fe0HN4G8LWM-00017-00009872-00010536": "here make the font smaller let's zoom in so you can actually see what's going on", "fe0HN4G8LWM-00018-00010536-00011207": "is much easier to work when you're zoomed in and let's center this make", "fe0HN4G8LWM-00019-00011207-00011822": "this box a little smaller there we go keep this button a nice shape add some", "fe0HN4G8LWM-00020-00011822-00012318": "round edges or just leave it as it is because everything is rectangular right", "fe0HN4G8LWM-00021-00012318-00012941": "so I'm not doing any round edges at this point in time alright perfect so once I", "fe0HN4G8LWM-00022-00012941-00013341": "have a button created as add some more tag", "fe0HN4G8LWM-00023-00013341-00014006": "Jenny's the text rather let's say find out more and of course Center this looks", "fe0HN4G8LWM-00024-00014006-00014531": "better and I'm gonna set some constraints to this same thing", "fe0HN4G8LWM-00025-00014531-00015230": "add some constraints because once you set these constraints it becomes", "fe0HN4G8LWM-00026-00015230-00015662": "responsive right so if you make the actual frame size smaller or larger all", "fe0HN4G8LWM-00027-00015662-00016349": "the items adjust so I'm going to group these as well so I'm gonna select the", "fe0HN4G8LWM-00028-00016349-00017108": "text the frame all of these four items and create a group and I'm going to call", "fe0HN4G8LWM-00029-00017108-00017897": "this main text alright great so let's zoom out a bit there we go", "fe0HN4G8LWM-00030-00017897-00018560": "next I'm gonna put maybe a date here on top or read more on the bottom and of", "fe0HN4G8LWM-00031-00018560-00018973": "course we can add some more text and let's say it's April", "fe0HN4G8LWM-00032-00018973-00019532": "zooming again there we go and I'm gonna make sure it's centered or aligned left", "fe0HN4G8LWM-00033-00019532-00019994": "and then I can also adjust that top bottom as well and it's a good idea to", "fe0HN4G8LWM-00034-00019994-00020450": "do with all of these right so as you're working with them you can Center them", "fe0HN4G8LWM-00035-00020450-00021142": "you can underline left center it depends so I have it as a line left or you can", "fe0HN4G8LWM-00036-00021142-00021749": "Center this to the actual frame behind it as well so this is another tool when", "fe0HN4G8LWM-00037-00021749-00022532": "you actually work with text you can actually use automatic adjustments same", "fe0HN4G8LWM-00038-00022532-00023347": "thing here I'm gonna Center it align it all right so I need let's zoom out here", "fe0HN4G8LWM-00039-00023347-00023747": "so not once I have this I'm gonna group them right so I'm gonna hold the shift", "fe0HN4G8LWM-00040-00023747-00024461": "key down and select the entire group or I can simply highlight that way as well", "fe0HN4G8LWM-00041-00024461-00024851": "so either way on your left navigation pin you have the ability to highlight", "fe0HN4G8LWM-00042-00024851-00025511": "all of them and then I'm gonna create a group I'm gonna call this I'm gonna call", "fe0HN4G8LWM-00043-00025511-00026075": "this banner group perfect and of course once I have the group I need to also", "fe0HN4G8LWM-00044-00026075-00026649": "ensure that this image of the car is also left and right and then", "fe0HN4G8LWM-00045-00026649-00027000": "left and right for the entire group as well okay perfect", "fe0HN4G8LWM-00046-00027000-00027638": "I be able to a bottom here as well top and bottom so it snaps okay", "fe0HN4G8LWM-00047-00027638-00028175": "this looks good on the bottom here I'm going to create some additional", "fe0HN4G8LWM-00048-00028175-00029112": "rectangles I'm gonna play some images of the cars right so let's zoom in so you", "fe0HN4G8LWM-00049-00029112-00029666": "can actually see I'm gonna insert an image within this box it's just some", "fe0HN4G8LWM-00050-00029666-00030386": "random images here perfect let's create a component Alt key down just copy it", "fe0HN4G8LWM-00051-00030386-00031122": "snap to the gutter line here or the left of this column maybe do another one I'm", "fe0HN4G8LWM-00052-00031122-00031559": "gonna continue to do this and then of course I can align them based on my grid", "fe0HN4G8LWM-00053-00031559-00032127": "so this is going to go to the far right and this one to the far left and then of", "fe0HN4G8LWM-00054-00032127-00032574": "course my rest of the spacing goes in between and that's how the grid lines", "fe0HN4G8LWM-00055-00032574-00032990": "help by the way right so as you're working with these images you should", "fe0HN4G8LWM-00056-00032990-00033612": "have the ability to select them all group them I'm gonna call this small", "fe0HN4G8LWM-00057-00033612-00034346": "cars and next I can simply Center them make them a little larger hold the shift", "fe0HN4G8LWM-00058-00034346-00034893": "key down right so they snap so they remain proportionate okay there we go", "fe0HN4G8LWM-00059-00034893-00035438": "alright so our blog a simple page is coming right along nicely I'm gonna add", "fe0HN4G8LWM-00060-00035438-00035888": "some text here I'm gonna say a featured make the text smaller and of course I", "fe0HN4G8LWM-00061-00035888-00036444": "can create a button as well I can copy the top one or I can create a new button", "fe0HN4G8LWM-00062-00036444-00037080": "as well I can always use icon sets from the internet you can go to materials", "fe0HN4G8LWM-00063-00037080-00037415": "that I or you can use Google icon sets and whatnot to actually create these", "fe0HN4G8LWM-00064-00037415-00037940": "images the purpose here is to show you the actual tools and how to work with", "fe0HN4G8LWM-00065-00037940-00038346": "constraints and layers and text so that you get comfortable with the gridlines", "fe0HN4G8LWM-00066-00038346-00038975": "and the actual fundamentals of figma design but as far as the stack images", "fe0HN4G8LWM-00067-00038975-00039336": "and the social media icons are concerned of course the sky's the limit", "fe0HN4G8LWM-00068-00039336-00039807": "you can design your own theme that way so once I have the featured cars I'm", "fe0HN4G8LWM-00069-00039807-00040408": "gonna go ahead and simply replace some of these images add some more cars", "fe0HN4G8LWM-00070-00040408-00040967": "that's one way to do it let me show you the other way so once you highlight and", "fe0HN4G8LWM-00071-00040967-00041810": "do this so you double click on this object it brings up the image choose", "fe0HN4G8LWM-00072-00041810-00042473": "image from here so both ways are correct so instead of crap let's say fit or fill", "fe0HN4G8LWM-00073-00042473-00043025": "and then choose the image let's select the other car and it's gonna place the", "fe0HN4G8LWM-00074-00043025-00043586": "other car in this similarly I can navigate to the next one choose image", "fe0HN4G8LWM-00075-00043586-00044072": "and how about this car notice how it's actually cropping automatically right so", "fe0HN4G8LWM-00076-00044072-00044498": "that's good thing about figma design you don't have to worry about the image", "fe0HN4G8LWM-00077-00044498-00045194": "resizing let me go ahead to the next one and likewise I'm gonna do it for the", "fe0HN4G8LWM-00078-00045194-00045697": "rest of these two images of cars as well one more to go", "fe0HN4G8LWM-00079-00045697-00046412": "go ahead the last image here click Choose image and then let's see one last", "fe0HN4G8LWM-00080-00046412-00046817": "time is right here although this this blog is about vintage cars right but I", "fe0HN4G8LWM-00081-00046817-00047368": "have this new latest design car maybe I want to change it to display a vintage", "fe0HN4G8LWM-00082-00047368-00047852": "there we go perfect so we have our featured cars we", "fe0HN4G8LWM-00083-00047852-00048395": "have all of these images placed and of course our groups are good and if I", "fe0HN4G8LWM-00084-00048395-00048770": "collapse these groups I'll have the small cars the banner", "fe0HN4G8LWM-00085-00048770-00049364": "group and so on so that way things remain organized so let me select the", "fe0HN4G8LWM-00086-00049364-00049781": "desktop and then remove these gridlines for now so you could actually see what", "fe0HN4G8LWM-00087-00049781-00050372": "the page looks like of course I can have the page background or I can color the", "fe0HN4G8LWM-00088-00050372-00050900": "background of this page I'm gonna use the eyedropper and let me choose this", "fe0HN4G8LWM-00089-00050900-00051479": "color or you can choose any other color or even the image itself as well so it", "fe0HN4G8LWM-00090-00051479-00052133": "just depends on which background you choose to use so let's keep it white for", "fe0HN4G8LWM-00091-00052133-00052679": "now so once you have this blog of course we can add a footer line here or add", "fe0HN4G8LWM-00092-00052679-00053255": "some more areas on your blog you can make the smaller or larger but you get", "fe0HN4G8LWM-00093-00053255-00053783": "the idea so that way you design your own elements if I like to", "fe0HN4G8LWM-00094-00053783-00054441": "place maybe another tool here maybe a border I could do so that kind of", "fe0HN4G8LWM-00095-00054441-00054915": "separates right and I can create a component off of this zoom in a little", "fe0HN4G8LWM-00096-00054915-00055395": "bit so it's easier so that's 1440 by 10 maybe you want to", "fe0HN4G8LWM-00097-00055395-00056115": "do 1440 by 5 and then since this is a component I'm gonna hold the Alt key", "fe0HN4G8LWM-00098-00056115-00056441": "down zoom in a little bit more there we go", "fe0HN4G8LWM-00099-00056441-00056913": "and then of course highlight all of them and then group them I'm gonna call these", "fe0HN4G8LWM-00100-00056913-00057969": "three lines and of course take this entire group call three lines and make", "fe0HN4G8LWM-00101-00057969-00058665": "sure I set these constraints I'll change the color let's zoom out fix up my two", "fe0HN4G8LWM-00102-00058665-00059202": "lines on top there we go all right so you get the idea right of course you can", "fe0HN4G8LWM-00103-00059202-00059679": "create some more icons you can insert more icons and create your own blog let", "fe0HN4G8LWM-00104-00059679-00060203": "me work with this image this rectangle here I like to actually put a layer here", "fe0HN4G8LWM-00105-00060203-00060957": "same thing multiply maybe you want to do this 80 percent or how about 75 there we", "fe0HN4G8LWM-00106-00060957-00061442": "go perfect so once you have this block created right next you can give this", "fe0HN4G8LWM-00107-00061442-00062010": "blog to your developers how do they actually know what to code it's easier", "fe0HN4G8LWM-00108-00062010-00062502": "notice the code tab on the right side of the screen so let me select my frame and", "fe0HN4G8LWM-00109-00062502-00062970": "then any object that you select on your blog or website for example if I were to", "fe0HN4G8LWM-00110-00062970-00063375": "select this image it will display the CSS code for me or it's going to show me", "fe0HN4G8LWM-00111-00063375-00063805": "the code so once I select this image it gives me", "fe0HN4G8LWM-00112-00063805-00064551": "the CSS code of 500 pixels by 224 the way to hide the constraints the opacity", "fe0HN4G8LWM-00113-00064551-00065202": "and so on so for developers it's easier to actually take a look at these they", "fe0HN4G8LWM-00114-00065202-00065760": "can most times they'll copy these and use them in their code editor whether", "fe0HN4G8LWM-00115-00065760-00066492": "they're using atom or sublime or any eclipses for development purposes but", "fe0HN4G8LWM-00116-00066492-00066825": "that's up to the developers right so all you would do is just", "fe0HN4G8LWM-00117-00066825-00067287": "give them hand over this or in fact invite them you can share this send this", "fe0HN4G8LWM-00118-00067287-00067791": "link to your developer they can come in here take a look at each of these CSS", "fe0HN4G8LWM-00119-00067791-00068463": "code similarly if I were to select this group notice it gives me the CSS", "fe0HN4G8LWM-00120-00068463-00068994": "properties for this notice in addition to the table format I can have the code", "fe0HN4G8LWM-00121-00068994-00069732": "so if I click on code it will give me the actual CSS code that the developer", "fe0HN4G8LWM-00122-00069732-00070029": "can look at the width the height the left and the top for this group", "fe0HN4G8LWM-00123-00070029-00070575": "similarly for each of these right so all I need to do is just give my developers", "fe0HN4G8LWM-00124-00070575-00071016": "this particular layout I just demonstrated in this simple project but", "fe0HN4G8LWM-00125-00071016-00071472": "the idea the goal here for you guys is to understand and kind of take a look at", "fe0HN4G8LWM-00126-00071472-00071907": "all of the different tools that I've used and if I've missed missed certain", "fe0HN4G8LWM-00127-00071907-00072381": "tools make sure you assign yourself your homework right so kind of work with them", "fe0HN4G8LWM-00128-00072381-00073002": "because I did not add too much detail into going into maybe components or", "fe0HN4G8LWM-00129-00073002-00073503": "constraints because I wanted to demonstrate most of these areas in this", "fe0HN4G8LWM-00130-00073503-00074001": "one lecture but at your end when you're actually designing you need to spend", "fe0HN4G8LWM-00131-00074001-00074574": "some time okay and that's the best way to learn so go ahead practice create", "fe0HN4G8LWM-00132-00074574-00075057": "your first website or a blog maybe add another footer area here on the bottom", "fe0HN4G8LWM-00133-00075057-00075645": "and let this be your homework so as a homework just go ahead and add a footer", "fe0HN4G8LWM-00134-00075645-00076152": "area maybe add some icons some copyright text and so on so I hope this helps", "fe0HN4G8LWM-00135-00076152-00076625": "practice and let's move to the next lesson"}}, {"audio_id": "fe3ddfUQIEg", "text": {"fe3ddfUQIEg-00000-00002761-00002766": "Shivjayante"}}, {"audio_id": "feEiVA-JV3U", "text": {"feEiVA-JV3U-00000-00000500-00001000": "It was easy to bring [young] people together through football, but challenges would arise once you mentioned the need to save.", "feEiVA-JV3U-00001-00001000-00001500": "Some would argue that that they didn’t have a job and so didn’t have a stable source of income which would allow them to save.", "feEiVA-JV3U-00002-00001500-00002000": "Others thought that their money would get lost in projects that wouldn’t benefit them directly.", "feEiVA-JV3U-00003-00002000-00002500": "And others didn’t see the need to unite in saving because they would later inherit assets from their parents or grandparents.", "feEiVA-JV3U-00004-00002500-00003000": "Many of the youths found it a challenge to contribute twenty shillings –", "feEiVA-JV3U-00005-00003000-00003500": "it was a little amount which would take time to mature to a substantial amount that could even build a house.", "feEiVA-JV3U-00006-00003500-00004000": "They wanted to carry out other activities that would give them a much greater amount of money,", "feEiVA-JV3U-00007-00004000-00004500": "and so bringing them together proved to be a great challenge.", "feEiVA-JV3U-00008-00004500-00005000": "Secondly, it was a challenge to bring them together for the usual meetings,", "feEiVA-JV3U-00009-00005000-00005500": "because if they weren’t given money afterwards, they wouldn’t turn up the next meeting.", "feEiVA-JV3U-00010-00005500-00006000": "They wanted the easy way through things. Still today, most youths want to have it easy.", "feEiVA-JV3U-00011-00006000-00006500": "If you give them 200sh they will quickly take it for themselves,", "feEiVA-JV3U-00012-00006500-00007000": "but if you have nothing to give them, they won’t attend the meetings.", "feEiVA-JV3U-00013-00007000-00007500": "This was one of the challenges, and it continues to be a challenge in the community.", "feEiVA-JV3U-00014-00007500-00008000": "One of the lessons I have learnt is that patience pays, and once you are patient you are bound to thrive.", "feEiVA-JV3U-00015-00008000-00008500": "There are people that have really been patient for a long time and in the long run it has paid off.", "feEiVA-JV3U-00016-00008500-00009000": "For me, I have been patient in what I do.", "feEiVA-JV3U-00017-00009000-00009500": "Take, for example the work I do: I don’t get paid for it, but in turn it is rewarding.", "feEiVA-JV3U-00018-00009500-00010000": "Now, my life has now changed and I feel that indeed I have learnt a lot.", "feEiVA-JV3U-00019-00010000-00010500": "Also, there are other youths that have also gained a lot through me.", "feEiVA-JV3U-00020-00010500-00011000": "This has made me discover my own ability to bring people together for the purpose of changing lives.", "feEiVA-JV3U-00021-00011000-00011500": "Up to now this motivates me, and I am not about to quit this anytime soon.", "feEiVA-JV3U-00022-00011500-00012000": "I will keep bringing people together to generate more ideas that will benefit society and the coming generations.", "feEiVA-JV3U-00023-00012000-00012500": "I have discovered that we have the potential and the resources: if we can just say that we possess the potential, then we can change our lives."}}, {"audio_id": "feVdbdryj38", "text": {"feVdbdryj38-00000-00000056-00000656": "by the way guys, i have just gone five thousand in splitter.io while playing online,", "feVdbdryj38-00001-00000656-00001400": "although i did hit myself five times during this process, this was mostly because the big snake died", "feVdbdryj38-00002-00001400-00002112": "and that was a very lucky one. unfortunately, i died shortly after but i did really well.", "feVdbdryj38-00003-00002112-00002568": "it was a small snake, i didn't see it, and i couldn't avoid it, and there was no chance."}}, {"audio_id": "feWJIEBTn8g", "text": {"feWJIEBTn8g-00000-00000000-00006776": "LMA © - Private archive - ANTEPRIMA / SPOILER - Extra Rare Unseen Watch the full video - click the \"like\" thumb up, subscribe to the channel and activate the notification bell, and watch the info at the top right when are visible. Watch the full video."}}, {"audio_id": "ff5PL7xC2qg", "text": {"ff5PL7xC2qg-00000-00000404-00001551": "[Content_Types].xml I)_: C]9N N_UZB >$N{9 +P9Y \"V0} _rels/.rels A$>\"f3 .b*lI word/_rels/document.xml.rels", "ff5PL7xC2qg-00001-00001551-00003014": "(x/vw word/document.xml M:ucg l$S[ v6l1 ?<xQ >`m=>3 tt{Y B66: b2=f 3#ycg /x^-L U]my LR#-HT", "ff5PL7xC2qg-00002-00003014-00004684": "X,x( Y<c{ t}Q8 5+rrC- h&^yv [b<sZi K`R. M$Zg cm[` XLPL |$i4 fFN\" a7kW> %R$g P+Sq !Jjnf", "ff5PL7xC2qg-00003-00004684-00006250": "xM0o u;#{2nI [,TR W3[} iA:^ <2iA word/theme/theme1.xml w toc'v )I`n 3Vq%'#q :\\TZaG L+M2 e\\O* $*c?", "ff5PL7xC2qg-00004-00006250-00007459": ")6-r IqbJ#x ,AGm T[XF64 E)`# R>QD =(K& =al- 4vfa 0%M0 word/settings.xml FVvTH 8Fh: @f9k", "ff5PL7xC2qg-00005-00007459-00008896": "c[AF R0X` 3l(X1 ,[RPh fi~h word/fontTable.xml |~ZT BS-3V ciM* YUx? iO5} ~>w$ j<^w l@Q4 word/webSettings.xml", "ff5PL7xC2qg-00006-00008896-00010743": "f.%w !9YP docProps/app.xml DrV| jl p w0i*] YEU/ docProps/core.xml @GphY KpQP fTD'I", "ff5PL7xC2qg-00007-00010743-00017480": "G&L% Rw]q@e.x word/styles.xml VX!``7 oejF }br{ (7%k = O\\ 7hbGT W-)k{ G-i:{ G-%:{ ;Q/]", "ff5PL7xC2qg-00008-00017480-00022209": "/&GK >E/l I\"1g 6xM- +~3: *,/u <xPY @lm8* @lm8* *,/u [kp@ [|xf<> /\"8+ v%38 [Content_Types].xmlPK", "ff5PL7xC2qg-00009-00022209-00023090": "_rels/.relsPK word/_rels/document.xml.relsPK word/document.xmlPK word/theme/theme1.xmlPK", "ff5PL7xC2qg-00010-00023090-00024411": "word/settings.xmlPK word/fontTable.xmlPK word/webSettings.xmlPK docProps/app.xmlPK docProps/core.xmlPK word/styles.xmlPK"}}, {"audio_id": "ff64ZzWs5qI", "text": {"ff64ZzWs5qI-00000-00000170-00000200": "12786 entring Dharmavaram Jn"}}, {"audio_id": "ffYcH_KaAMy", "text": {"ffYcH_KaAMy-00000-00002080-00002220": "Shut up!", "ffYcH_KaAMy-00001-00002220-00002416": "Fall off the chair.", "ffYcH_KaAMy-00002-00002550-00002684": "Ok, i'm filming.", "ffYcH_KaAMy-00003-00002880-00003080": "Stop it! I'm not ready!", "ffYcH_KaAMy-00004-00003080-00003146": "Yes, me too.", "ffYcH_KaAMy-00005-00003146-00003246": "Turn off the camera!", "ffYcH_KaAMy-00006-00003246-00003504": "C'mon, c'mon, leave the comb and let's get started!", "ffYcH_KaAMy-00007-00003504-00003629": "First of all this is a hair brush", "ffYcH_KaAMy-00008-00003629-00003774": "and i'm still not ready!", "ffYcH_KaAMy-00009-00004614-00004726": "So, we introduce ourselves", "ffYcH_KaAMy-00010-00004726-00004800": "and then start the video", "ffYcH_KaAMy-00011-00004800-00004876": "Yeah", "ffYcH_KaAMy-00012-00004876-00004988": "Come on!", "ffYcH_KaAMy-00013-00005004-00005080": "1, 2, 3", "ffYcH_KaAMy-00014-00005080-00005172": "Hi!", "ffYcH_KaAMy-00015-00005176-00005316": "We are SpecGirls!", "ffYcH_KaAMy-00016-00005316-00005522": "Today we are going to share with you our favourite movies!", "ffYcH_KaAMy-00017-00005522-00005658": "One of them is --", "ffYcH_KaAMy-00018-00005658-00005726": "Girls!", "ffYcH_KaAMy-00019-00005726-00005846": "Shut up! We're filming!", "ffYcH_KaAMy-00020-00005846-00006024": "Look behind you! There is something on fire!", "ffYcH_KaAMy-00021-00006024-00006144": "What do you want?", "ffYcH_KaAMy-00022-00006144-00006412": "And something fell on that building there!", "ffYcH_KaAMy-00023-00006445-00006581": "I don't know what it is!", "ffYcH_KaAMy-00024-00007498-00007594": "Run!", "ffYcH_KaAMy-00025-00009276-00009360": "No!", "ffYcH_KaAMy-00026-00009360-00009464": "What happened?", "ffYcH_KaAMy-00027-00009464-00009598": "Take the camera!", "ffYcH_KaAMy-00028-00009694-00009786": "Take it!", "ffYcH_KaAMy-00029-00010012-00010114": "What happened?", "ffYcH_KaAMy-00030-00010188-00010458": "Run and hide under the bridge!", "ffYcH_KaAMy-00031-00010666-00010796": "Come on! We have to go!", "ffYcH_KaAMy-00032-00010796-00010908": "He is not breathing...", "ffYcH_KaAMy-00033-00010908-00010958": "Let's go!", "ffYcH_KaAMy-00034-00012834-00012988": "If someone is watching this -", "ffYcH_KaAMy-00035-00012988-00013176": "we didn't survive!", "ffYcH_KaAMy-00036-00013212-00013441": "But we can show them the tape ourselves.", "ffYcH_KaAMy-00037-00013478-00013550": "What?!", "ffYcH_KaAMy-00038-00013550-00013646": "We can...", "ffYcH_KaAMy-00039-00013646-00013926": "this way they would know what we've been through!", "ffYcH_KaAMy-00040-00013926-00014036": "Girls!", "ffYcH_KaAMy-00041-00014036-00014088": "What!!!?", "ffYcH_KaAMy-00042-00014088-00014166": "You're alive?", "ffYcH_KaAMy-00043-00014196-00014340": "What about the blood?", "ffYcH_KaAMy-00044-00014340-00014488": "This is a hidden camera!", "ffYcH_KaAMy-00045-00014488-00014604": "How?!", "ffYcH_KaAMy-00046-00014604-00014726": "Though you see the camera.", "ffYcH_KaAMy-00047-00014726-00014876": "How would you explain all the things?", "ffYcH_KaAMy-00048-00014876-00015000": "Well, this is...", "ffYcH_KaAMy-00049-00015044-00015163": "fake blood!", "ffYcH_KaAMy-00050-00015163-00015322": "And what about this one? The sky?", "ffYcH_KaAMy-00051-00015322-00015413": "Oh, special effects.", "ffYcH_KaAMy-00052-00015413-00015556": "I can turn them off!", "ffYcH_KaAMy-00053-00015652-00015800": "Then do it!", "ffYcH_KaAMy-00054-00015800-00015954": "How can you joke like that?!", "ffYcH_KaAMy-00055-00015954-00016144": "I can play with it as much as i want!", "ffYcH_KaAMy-00056-00016144-00016262": "Stop it!", "ffYcH_KaAMy-00057-00016418-00016514": "I feel dizzy!", "ffYcH_KaAMy-00058-00016514-00016664": "OK, just one more time...", "ffYcH_KaAMy-00059-00017422-00017766": "Directors: Radostina Duleva and Tihomir Dulev", "ffYcH_KaAMy-00060-00017766-00018068": "Script: Radostina Duleva", "ffYcH_KaAMy-00061-00018102-00018534": "Cameramen: Tihomir Dulev, Aylin Osmanova,Aylan Aliev", "ffYcH_KaAMy-00062-00018554-00018796": "Montage: Tihomir Dulev", "ffYcH_KaAMy-00063-00018814-00019026": "Special effects: Tihomir Dulev", "ffYcH_KaAMy-00064-00019122-00019412": "Radostina Duleva, Aylin Osmanova, Tihomir Dulev", "ffYcH_KaAMy-00065-00019412-00019490": "in", "ffYcH_KaAMy-00066-00019550-00019862": "(Cloverfield Girls)"}}, {"audio_id": "fgAp-C0OaDc", "text": {"fgAp-C0OaDc-00000-00001100-00001800": "Monalisa's Binte Dil dance in throwback video will drive away your Monday blues", "fgAp-C0OaDc-00001-00001900-00003700": "Monalisa's Binte Dil dance in throwback video will drive away your Monday blues- Watch We came across an old video of the actress dancing to the tunes of Sanjay Leela Bhansali's Binte Dil, a song with an Arabic touch.", "fgAp-C0OaDc-00002-00003800-00004500": "Pic courtesy: @aslimonalisa (Instagram).", "fgAp-C0OaDc-00003-00004600-00005300": "Monalisa knows how to wow her fans.", "fgAp-C0OaDc-00004-00005400-00006200": "The Bhojpuri diva, who has an ocean of fan following is very active on social media.", "fgAp-C0OaDc-00005-00006300-00007000": "She posts photographs and videos on Instagram to stay connected with her fans.", "fgAp-C0OaDc-00006-00007100-00008200": "We came across an old video of the actress dancing to the tunes of Sanjay Leela Bhansali's Binte Dil, a song with an Arabic touch.", "fgAp-C0OaDc-00007-00008300-00009000": "Monalisa sways and dances like no one is watching.", "fgAp-C0OaDc-00008-00009100-00010100": "The original song from the film Padmaavat featured Ranveer Singh as Alauddin Khilji and Jim Sarbh as Malik Kafur.", "fgAp-C0OaDc-00009-00010200-00013100": "Monalisa aka Antara Biswas became a household name after she participated in the tenth season of super-hit reality show Bigg Boss hosted by Bollywood superstar Salman Khan. She entered matrimony with her Bhojpuri co-star Vikrant Singh Rajpoot while she was still inside the house of Bigg Boss, and her marriage was aired on national TV.", "fgAp-C0OaDc-00010-00013200-00014500": "Monalisa, recently made over a million hearts skip a beat with her sensuous avatar as Jhuma Boudi in a Bengali web-series Dupur Thakurpo season 2.", "fgAp-C0OaDc-00011-00014600-00015300": "Her sizzling hot avatar set the temperature soaring and set the internet on fire.", "fgAp-C0OaDc-00012-00015400-00016100": "She is one of the highest paid actresses in the Bhojpuri film industry.", "fgAp-C0OaDc-00013-00016200-00017400": "She made her debut in a film titled Bhole Shankar in 2008 and has worked in a number of films since then with the industry heavyweights."}}, {"audio_id": "fgOVq1A1OSy", "text": {"fgOVq1A1OSy-00000-00013050-00043000": "They are quick to kill. 그들은 죽이는데 민첩하다"}}, {"audio_id": "fgaz4uomz4k", "text": {"fgaz4uomz4k-00000-00000000-00000202": "My experience would not be complete", "fgaz4uomz4k-00001-00000202-00000304": "without the dedication and support", "fgaz4uomz4k-00002-00000304-00000559": "of the faculty and staff at", "fgaz4uomz4k-00003-00000559-00000687": "Gateway Technical College.", "fgaz4uomz4k-00004-00000687-00000814": "From the moment I walked in,", "fgaz4uomz4k-00005-00000814-00001024": "knowing I needed to learn English,", "fgaz4uomz4k-00006-00001024-00001234": "joining the English Language Program", "fgaz4uomz4k-00007-00001234-00001605": "there, all the faculty helped me along the way,", "fgaz4uomz4k-00008-00001605-00001857": "also to help me achieve my dream goal,", "fgaz4uomz4k-00009-00001859-00002063": "to be an engineer; and now as an engineer student", "fgaz4uomz4k-00010-00002063-00002270": "at Gateway Technical College,", "fgaz4uomz4k-00011-00002270-00002477": "they have helped me to even move", "fgaz4uomz4k-00012-00002477-00002688": "forward after the technical college", "fgaz4uomz4k-00013-00002688-00003102": "setting to get a bachelor's degree.", "fgaz4uomz4k-00014-00003102-00003307": "So by next year, I will be", "fgaz4uomz4k-00015-00003307-00003639": "in the Milwaukee School of Engineering,", "fgaz4uomz4k-00016-00003639-00003922": "finishing my dream; and all of it started at", "fgaz4uomz4k-00017-00003922-00004132": "a technical college where they showed me the", "fgaz4uomz4k-00018-00004132-00004556": "support, encouraged me and showed me", "fgaz4uomz4k-00019-00004556-00004964": "that I was able to do whatever I wanted to do.", "fgaz4uomz4k-00020-00004964-00005114": "So I thank the Technical College System", "fgaz4uomz4k-00021-00005114-00005367": "for being there when I needed it the most."}}, {"audio_id": "fhouKmp-cjE", "text": {"fhouKmp-cjE-00000-00000010-00000483": "WICKED WRISTER.", "fhouKmp-cjE-00001-00000483-00000490": "WICKED WRISTER.", "fhouKmp-cjE-00002-00000490-00000787": "WICKED WRISTER. IT'S A FREE WEEKEND IN WCHA PLAY", "fhouKmp-cjE-00003-00000787-00000794": "WICKED WRISTER. IT'S A FREE WEEKEND IN WCHA PLAY", "fhouKmp-cjE-00004-00000794-00001030": "WICKED WRISTER. IT'S A FREE WEEKEND IN WCHA PLAY FOR THE WOMEN'S HOCKEY TEAM.", "fhouKmp-cjE-00005-00001030-00001037": "IT'S A FREE WEEKEND IN WCHA PLAY FOR THE WOMEN'S HOCKEY TEAM.", "fhouKmp-cjE-00006-00001037-00001361": "IT'S A FREE WEEKEND IN WCHA PLAY FOR THE WOMEN'S HOCKEY TEAM. THERE IS ONLY THREE WEEKENDS TO", "fhouKmp-cjE-00007-00001361-00001368": "FOR THE WOMEN'S HOCKEY TEAM. THERE IS ONLY THREE WEEKENDS TO", "fhouKmp-cjE-00008-00001368-00001488": "FOR THE WOMEN'S HOCKEY TEAM. THERE IS ONLY THREE WEEKENDS TO  GO.", "fhouKmp-cjE-00009-00001488-00001494": "THERE IS ONLY THREE WEEKENDS TO  GO.", "fhouKmp-cjE-00010-00001494-00001831": "THERE IS ONLY THREE WEEKENDS TO  GO. BEAVERS STARTING EARLY THIS", "fhouKmp-cjE-00011-00001831-00001838": "GO. BEAVERS STARTING EARLY THIS", "fhouKmp-cjE-00012-00001838-00001875": "GO. BEAVERS STARTING EARLY THIS  AFTERNOON.", "fhouKmp-cjE-00013-00001875-00001881": "BEAVERS STARTING EARLY THIS  AFTERNOON.", "fhouKmp-cjE-00014-00001881-00002108": "BEAVERS STARTING EARLY THIS  AFTERNOON. BOTH TEAMS HONORING JEFF SAUER,", "fhouKmp-cjE-00015-00002108-00002115": "AFTERNOON. BOTH TEAMS HONORING JEFF SAUER,", "fhouKmp-cjE-00016-00002115-00002268": "AFTERNOON. BOTH TEAMS HONORING JEFF SAUER,  A LONG TIME COACH BEFORE THE", "fhouKmp-cjE-00017-00002268-00002275": "BOTH TEAMS HONORING JEFF SAUER,  A LONG TIME COACH BEFORE THE", "fhouKmp-cjE-00018-00002275-00002462": "BOTH TEAMS HONORING JEFF SAUER,  A LONG TIME COACH BEFORE THE  GAME'S FIRST PERIOD.", "fhouKmp-cjE-00019-00002462-00002469": "A LONG TIME COACH BEFORE THE  GAME'S FIRST PERIOD.", "fhouKmp-cjE-00020-00002469-00002629": "A LONG TIME COACH BEFORE THE  GAME'S FIRST PERIOD. JUST 45 SECONDS IN AND BADGERS", "fhouKmp-cjE-00021-00002629-00002635": "GAME'S FIRST PERIOD. JUST 45 SECONDS IN AND BADGERS", "fhouKmp-cjE-00022-00002635-00002842": "GAME'S FIRST PERIOD. JUST 45 SECONDS IN AND BADGERS  GET ON THE BOARD.", "fhouKmp-cjE-00023-00002842-00002849": "JUST 45 SECONDS IN AND BADGERS  GET ON THE BOARD.", "fhouKmp-cjE-00024-00002849-00003069": "JUST 45 SECONDS IN AND BADGERS  GET ON THE BOARD. EMILY CLARK SHOTS TO THE BACK OF", "fhouKmp-cjE-00025-00003069-00003076": "GET ON THE BOARD. EMILY CLARK SHOTS TO THE BACK OF", "fhouKmp-cjE-00026-00003076-00003429": "GET ON THE BOARD. EMILY CLARK SHOTS TO THE BACK OF THE NET 10W.", "fhouKmp-cjE-00027-00003429-00003436": "EMILY CLARK SHOTS TO THE BACK OF THE NET 10W.", "fhouKmp-cjE-00028-00003436-00004327": "EMILY CLARK SHOTS TO THE BACK OF THE NET 10W. LATER IN THE PERIOD AND UP", "fhouKmp-cjE-00029-00004327-00004334": "THE NET 10W. LATER IN THE PERIOD AND UP", "fhouKmp-cjE-00030-00004334-00004497": "THE NET 10W. LATER IN THE PERIOD AND UP  THREE, LATE IN THE FIRST AND", "fhouKmp-cjE-00031-00004497-00004504": "LATER IN THE PERIOD AND UP  THREE, LATE IN THE FIRST AND", "fhouKmp-cjE-00032-00004504-00004888": "LATER IN THE PERIOD AND UP  THREE, LATE IN THE FIRST AND  DROPS A PUCK IN AND SHE LIGHTS", "fhouKmp-cjE-00033-00004888-00004894": "THREE, LATE IN THE FIRST AND  DROPS A PUCK IN AND SHE LIGHTS", "fhouKmp-cjE-00034-00004894-00005448": "THREE, LATE IN THE FIRST AND  DROPS A PUCK IN AND SHE LIGHTS  THE LIT AND BADGERS SHOWING WHY", "fhouKmp-cjE-00035-00005448-00005455": "DROPS A PUCK IN AND SHE LIGHTS  THE LIT AND BADGERS SHOWING WHY", "fhouKmp-cjE-00036-00005455-00005832": "DROPS A PUCK IN AND SHE LIGHTS  THE LIT AND BADGERS SHOWING WHY  THEY'RE TOO MUCH.", "fhouKmp-cjE-00037-00005832-00005839": "THE LIT AND BADGERS SHOWING WHY  THEY'RE TOO MUCH.", "fhouKmp-cjE-00038-00005839-00005919": "THE LIT AND BADGERS SHOWING WHY  THEY'RE TOO MUCH. UW WILL GO ON TO WIN AND 46"}}, {"audio_id": "fhOFhG4oJZu", "text": {"fhOFhG4oJZu-00000-00001100-00001607": "Cymatic Soundscapes", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00001-00001892-00002386": "Dr. Hans Jenny's Experiment in Animation with Sound and Vibration", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00002-00002896-00003384": "Part 4 In a Series Exploring Cymatics: The Science of Wave Formation", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00003-00003690-00004335": "what we see here is the effect of vibration on a specific substance", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00004-00004335-00004785": "Lycopodium powder or spores of the club moss", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00005-00004785-00005326": "we have strewn it uniformly on a diaphragm of stretched paper with a", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00006-00005326-00005946": "diameter of about 30 centimeters which we now excite by vibration", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00007-00005946-00006742": "this causes the powder to clump we can see many small clumps many small", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00008-00006742-00007609": "globular piles and the more intense the vibration the more piles there are if", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00009-00007609-00008299": "the note is louder that is to say if the amplitude is increased these masses of", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00010-00008299-00008997": "powder move to the center and make a kind of dust cloud there an ever wider", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00011-00008997-00009691": "area of powder is affected and more and more of these globules are formed they", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00012-00009691-00010281": "are not at rest but in a state of continuous motion", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00013-00012418-00013046": "we can see a large circular shape forming in the middle and continuously", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00014-00013046-00013841": "moving sometimes it is whipped up into a cloud as it is now and sometimes it", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00015-00013841-00014558": "reverts to the solid dust particle form these changes are caused by the", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00016-00014558-00015322": "differences in the intensity of the tone that is by the different amplitudes in", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00017-00015322-00015941": "this experiment the frequency that is to say the number of vibrations per second", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00018-00015941-00016679": "is the same and now we see the circular form and everything in a definite", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00019-00016679-00017002": "pattern of movement", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00020-00019359-00019990": "now we should take a closer look at these movements here is one of these", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00021-00019990-00020704": "forms we can see how the material rises up in the middle and is transported to", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00022-00020704-00021393": "the periphery this pile of dust this heap of particles is in a process of", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00023-00021393-00022032": "convection the material travels inwards from the edge along the bottom of the", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00024-00022032-00022803": "pile rises up in the middle and is then carried back to the periphery", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00025-00023342-00023993": "even if the intensity of the vibration changes there is still a whole system of", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00026-00023993-00024601": "radial circulation at certain frequencies or with certain tones and", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00027-00024601-00025550": "extraordinarily interesting phenomenon is seen watch we see too regularly and", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00028-00025550-00026216": "continuously rotating areas at either end of a diameter going round and round", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00029-00026216-00026831": "like weathercocks this is the expression of a rotating", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00030-00026831-00027570": "wave motion we can see they are rotating in an anti-clockwise direction", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00031-00028524-00029247": "we now switch to a different frequency and produce the same phenomenon but this", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00032-00029247-00029916": "time in a clockwise direction because the frequency is different if we go back", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00033-00029916-00030452": "to the previous frequency we have the same phenomenon again in an", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00034-00030452-00031103": "anti-clockwise direction notice that this rotary movement does not affect the", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00035-00031103-00031853": "circulation or convection in the least now we can excite the same material with", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00036-00031853-00032505": "different tones all the way through the frequency band and watch what happens", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00037-00032505-00033327": "here we have Lycopodium powder at a relatively soft sounding tone and we see", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00038-00033327-00033944": "that the pattern figures most prominently we have motion - and", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00039-00033944-00034847": "circulation but above all it is the structural pattern that strikes the eye", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00040-00035485-00036106": "and all the shapes lying about here looking like monkey nuts have these", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00041-00036106-00036829": "patterns of structure again and again there are conviction cells circulatory", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00042-00036829-00037629": "systems forming they're making structural patterns in the Lycopodium", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00043-00040452-00041259": "now by changing the amplitude that is changing the volume of the tone we can", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00044-00041259-00041838": "bring about a very interesting phenomenon the tone is the same but we", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00045-00041838-00042496": "introduce a burst an amplitude bursts and every time we do so it integrates", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00046-00042496-00042866": "the whole situation", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00047-00046371-00047133": "these dynamic events now lead to a phenomenon of exceptional interest you", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00048-00047133-00047772": "must realize that the same diaphragm and the same powder are used but that the", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00049-00047772-00048636": "tones are different here we have a flow pattern this means that where we had a", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00050-00048636-00049616": "structural pattern before we now have a violent dynamic one a current is formed", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00051-00049616-00050274": "and the powder rushes along in the flow path leaving the black patches of the", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00052-00050274-00050919": "diaphragm completely free of powder everything is driven into the flow path", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00053-00050919-00051746": "by the vibration we add more and more material but the result is not confusion", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00054-00051746-00052770": "or chaos instead everything falls into place in the strict flow pattern a point", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00055-00052770-00053345": "to notice about all these phenomena is that they can be reproduced at any time", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00056-00053345-00054108": "that the factors and conditions of the experiment are known with accuracy we go", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00057-00054108-00054767": "on throwing in powder and every time this attractive and clearly defined flow", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00058-00054767-00055427": "pattern keeps on emerging from the vibrational field it is a circulatory", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00059-00055427-00056083": "system without walls the walls are so to speak the area of", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00060-00056083-00056878": "vibration the area of vibration provides the constraint which gives shape to the", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00061-00056878-00057729": "circulatory flow different flow patterns are formed at different frequencies", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00062-00063377-00064166": "this is a kind of double current but at other frequencies we have as it were a", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00063-00064166-00065121": "four-part or quadrantal pattern here we have a formation with four fields here", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00064-00065121-00065868": "again we throw in powder and once more it is embodied in the exact quadrantal", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00065-00065868-00066368": "flow pattern created by the vibration", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00066-00068848-00069443": "this is a particularly interesting phenomenon because it reveals not only", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00067-00069443-00070273": "the structural izing effect of vibration but also its dynamic and kinetic effect", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00068-00070273-00071000": "here we have a cloud of Lycopodium powder created by vibration and in it we", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00069-00071000-00071771": "can see extraordinary life and movement we have a deformations and sometimes", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00070-00071771-00072704": "even regular pairs of vortices then we have turbulent seas or unstable wave", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00071-00072704-00073439": "formations and the interesting thing is that during all this welter of movement", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00072-00073439-00074125": "we have a structural izing element on the diaphragm at the very same time", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00073-00074125-00074965": "there is this zebra pattern on the diaphragm it's one pole is structure and", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00074-00074965-00075878": "its other pole dynamics even if we intensify the vibrations and make a very", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00075-00075878-00076595": "thick cloud this pattern still takes shape on the diaphragm as we slowly", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00076-00076595-00077282": "reduce the tone which is a decrescendo to the ear the pattern created comes", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00077-00077282-00077569": "into view", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00078-00078870-00079562": "in the vibrational fields of this Lycopodium and of other materials we saw", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00079-00079562-00080213": "time and again that in certain places the material is thrown up then all is", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00080-00080213-00080881": "quiet then it is thrown up once more then all is quiet again", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00081-00080881-00081574": "we saw that it kept to certain places that it did not splash about just anyhow", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00082-00081574-00082388": "but that everything took place in particular spots in this shot we can see", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00083-00082388-00082892": "how there is one place on the diaphragm in the middle of our picture where the", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00084-00082892-00083618": "material keeps on being thrown up and observation has shown that what we have", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00085-00083618-00084380": "here is an interference phenomenon the action of the waves is cumulative their", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00086-00084380-00085100": "effects are summated at these spots causing the mass to be ejected then", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00087-00085100-00085801": "quiet returns then there is another summation", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00088-00086252-00086888": "these events are reminiscent of processes in solar physics in which a", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00089-00086888-00087686": "tendency to repetitive eruptions solar eruptions has been observed this", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00090-00087686-00088402": "repetitive tendency is particularly prominent in the chromosphere here", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00091-00088402-00088813": "interferences are at work here", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00092-00088829-00089480": "we can watch what these hemispheres are doing there are many different things to", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00093-00089480-00090098": "see structure for instance which we have observed before and which appears on", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00094-00090098-00090776": "these circular forms as patches convection which we have also observed", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00095-00090776-00091421": "before can be seen here too but what is particularly interesting about these", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00096-00091421-00092129": "hemispheres is the curious way they move they creep round they do not", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00097-00092129-00092870": "disintegrate they do not break up or crumble and as they creep round they", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00098-00092870-00093497": "take everything with them when movement takes place in one direction what", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00099-00093497-00094199": "happens is that all the material slips and glides along together these small", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00100-00094199-00094933": "circular forms move like an EB but only like Ameobi they are not living systems", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00101-00094933-00095918": "they move like a BB or to borrow a term from biology they move correlative ly", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00102-00095918-00096674": "these are movements of correlation that is to say the movement always takes", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00103-00096674-00097541": "place as a whole also we see how these small formations unite combine and", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00104-00097541-00098444": "separate in this way we realize there is always a hole we always have something", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00105-00098444-00099167": "entire and complete before us this is a particularly interesting phenomenon we", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00106-00099167-00099673": "are able to discover it by using crystal oscillators", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00107-00099673-00100358": "there are rotary processes circular movements which proceed with absolute", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00108-00100358-00101075": "regularity centrifugal force is not a factor here the whole pattern is", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00109-00101075-00101632": "elicited by continuous parallel waves", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00110-00103894-00104482": "here we can see the currents running in contrary directions and creating a", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00111-00104482-00105288": "rotary effect or revolution here there is something very interesting to watch", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00112-00105288-00106138": "once again we have interference that is to say there are two tones one moment", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00113-00106138-00107023": "the waves summate then they cancel each other out they submit again and every", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00114-00107023-00107683": "time they submit we have dynamics and when they cancel each other out we have", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00115-00107683-00108499": "rest and structural pattern we see structure alternating continually with", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00116-00108499-00109461": "dynamics structure and dynamics what we see them is not caused by switching the", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00117-00109461-00110280": "vibration on and off but is itself a vibrational phenomenon structures appear", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00118-00110280-00111178": "clouds are formed there is movement and change forms emerge all as the result of", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00119-00111178-00111808": "interference", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00120-00113133-00113927": "whole squads of forms appear unite again separate again but always there is", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00121-00113927-00114720": "wholeness it is as if these vibrational fields were providing models for a", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00122-00114720-00115557": "holistic theory here again we have continuous waves these are very large", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00123-00115557-00116382": "diaphragms rubber diaphragms more than a square meter in size whole squads stream", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00124-00116382-00117071": "along in one direction others in another direction structural patterns appear", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00125-00117071-00117773": "structural patterns unite we are looking into a whole landscape of Lycopodium", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00126-00117773-00118174": "created by vibration", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00127-00121653-00122289": "once again we have material rotating under the influence of continuous waves", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00128-00122289-00122945": "and we can see how in certain places there is an inward flowing current and", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00129-00122945-00123540": "in other places there is also an inward flowing current from the other direction", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00130-00123540-00124383": "so we have as it were rivers of material flowing in from diametrically opposite", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00131-00124383-00125111": "directions and they are then revealed in these regions of rotation the points of", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00132-00125111-00125833": "inflow are diametrically opposed in these rotating areas", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00133-00126509-00127138": "here we can see very clearly how the material flows in at bottom left and top", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00134-00127138-00127836": "right at diametrically opposite points and in this way is incorporated into the", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00135-00127836-00128551": "rotary process here again there are currents parallel continuous waves", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00136-00128551-00129219": "moving in opposite directions which carry powder along with them", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00137-00132770-00133311": "this last experiment is really extraordinarily interesting we are", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00138-00133311-00134082": "looking into a funnel we apply vibration and the material is brought out of the", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00139-00134082-00134802": "bottom of the funnel it is transported upwards against the force of gravity but", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00140-00134802-00135347": "it is not simply thrown out it moves around the periphery of the diaphragm", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00141-00135347-00136086": "rounded circumference and then goes down into the funnel again if we intensify", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00142-00136086-00136797": "the tone then the upward march of the material is preponderant if we make the", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00143-00136797-00137520": "tone soft the material slides down again because the static friction on the under", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00144-00137520-00138264": "surface of the diaphragm is reduced the adhesion is reduced and consequently the", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00145-00138264-00138992": "powder slides down again when the vibration is less intense sometimes then", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00146-00138992-00139742": "we have a process in which the material moves out and sometimes a process in", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00147-00139742-00140492": "which it slips back when it slips back it covers the whole cone when it slips", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00148-00140492-00141240": "out it climbs up the wall of the cone so on the one hand we have an anti", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00149-00141240-00142128": "gravitation and on the other a sliding effect resulting from reduced adhesion", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00150-00142128-00142774": "when the vibration is of a particular character we have a process in which the", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00151-00142774-00143491": "material is transported out and at the same time slips back so that there is a", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00152-00143491-00144664": "convection current on a grand scale this is a detail from part of the edge it is", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00153-00144664-00145546": "a complex phenomenon but all in all it's organization is unitary anti gravitation", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00154-00145546-00146350": "a downward slide due to reduced adhesion and convection of the whole mass of", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00155-00146350-00147051": "powder", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00156-00147051-00147787": "here we see a heated and therefore liquid blob of kaolin excited by", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00157-00147787-00148249": "vibration in this experiment we can follow how the", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00158-00148249-00149007": "phase of the material changes as it cools first of all we have wave fields", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00159-00149007-00149538": "we can watch the liquid substance rippling", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00160-00153173-00153972": "gradually it cools and the liquid phase changes to the plastic and from the", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00161-00153972-00154527": "plastic phase it proceeds to the solid phase and we can therefore speak of", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00162-00154527-00155256": "solidification under the influence of vibration here the plastic state has", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00163-00155256-00155927": "been reached there are no longer waves but a clumped mess which is rotating and", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00164-00155927-00156609": "circulating in itself the substance gets harder and harder and more and more", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00165-00156609-00157388": "solid until when it has cooled the caralyn is completely rigid", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00166-00159105-00159625": "all these forms all these structures which we see here", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00167-00159625-00160185": "have been created purely and simply because the substance has solidified", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00168-00160185-00161095": "under the influence of vibration we see branched and ramify patterns these are", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00169-00161095-00161842": "not crystallized forms but sculptural shapes resulting from vibration we can", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00170-00161842-00162988": "call them dendritic structures finally passing over into filigree what is", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00171-00162988-00163566": "involved then is a change of phase under the influence of vibration", "fhOFhG4oJZu-00172-00163566-00164301": "solidification that is as an effect of vibration"}}, {"audio_id": "fhUaoyi4g_Y", "text": {"fhUaoyi4g_Y-00000-00000000-00000200": "Marble Run Race"}}, {"audio_id": "fhbwAAbwTWg", "text": {"fhbwAAbwTWg-00000-00000047-00000475": "There is only one thing that really matters in the life of the Christian; it is to know", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00001-00000475-00000684": "and to do the will of God.", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00002-00000684-00001242": "To know and to do God's will was the supreme thing in the life of our Lord Himself.", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00003-00001242-00001773": "I believe we could all agree that before we became Christians, we were not really interested", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00004-00001773-00001952": "in God's will.", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00005-00001952-00002326": "We were only interested in our own will and in going our own way.", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00006-00002326-00002908": "But what happens when God in His mercy steps into our lives is that we all of a sudden", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00007-00002908-00003453": "develop by the Spirit the desire to know and do His will.", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00008-00003453-00004178": "And like king David we pray and cry out in our hearts — \"Teach me to do your will,", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00009-00004178-00004301": "for You are my God.\"", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00010-00004301-00004442": "(Psalm 143:10).", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00011-00004442-00005114": "One of the marks of a truly born-again soul is the desire to know and to do God's will.", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00012-00005114-00005535": "So if you have that desire, you are in the right place in your faith.", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00013-00005535-00006385": "After all Jesus said in John 4:34, \"My food is to do the will of Him who sent Me, and", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00014-00006385-00006584": "to finish His work.\"", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00015-00006584-00006983": "I want you to know that you are not a mistake.", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00016-00006983-00007450": "I want you to know that the Lord has a specific plan for your life.", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00017-00007450-00008114": "I know people often ask the question: How can we know God's will and plan for our lives?", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00018-00008114-00008649": "The simple answer is that, in fact, God is always far more willing to guide us than we", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00019-00008649-00009174": "are to be guided, because He wants the very best, not the second-best, for us.", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00020-00009174-00009741": "But we need to understand that God has a will for every individual who comes to Him through", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00021-00009741-00009841": "Christ.", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00022-00009841-00010215": "And this will is general to all who come to Him.", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00023-00010215-00010897": "But He also has a specifically tailored will for every person on the face of the earth", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00024-00010897-00011215": "provided they will be willing to allow Him guide them to it.", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00025-00011215-00011740": "I will call the first will of God which is for all who come to Him through our Lord Jesus", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00026-00011740-00012090": "Christ His general will for our lives.", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00027-00012090-00012618": "And then His will for our individual lives I will term as His specific or directive will", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00028-00012618-00012845": "for our lives.", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00029-00012845-00013416": "I like to call the specific will of God as His directive will because He personally guides", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00030-00013416-00013771": "us by His Spirit to fulfill it.", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00031-00013771-00014242": "This directive will of God for our lives is dependent largely on whether we accept to", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00032-00014242-00014591": "be conformed to His general will for our lives.", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00033-00014591-00015096": "The general will and plan of God for us as Christians is transformation by the Word of", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00034-00015096-00015212": "God.", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00035-00015212-00015590": "We are to become like Christ our model in character.", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00036-00015590-00016073": "That is why it is through Him that we have access to God, because He is the Way and the", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00037-00016073-00016272": "only Way to God the Father.", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00038-00016272-00016845": "The Bible says in the book of James 1:25, \"But he who looks into the perfect law of", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00039-00016845-00017515": "liberty and continues in it, and is not a forgetful hearer but a doer of the work, this", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00040-00017515-00017848": "one will be blessed in what he does.\"", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00041-00017848-00018364": "To be transformed by the word is to be transformed into the temperament and character of the", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00042-00018364-00018670": "Messiah, since He is the Word of God.", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00043-00018670-00019068": "And this is the will of God for every Christian.", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00044-00019068-00019726": "Jesus as a character is the standard for doing and accomplishing anything worthwhile in the", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00045-00019726-00020017": "Kingdom of God, and that's by design.", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00046-00020017-00020581": "So the reason why James says the doer of the word will prosper is because this is the person", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00047-00020581-00021089": "who is yielded completely to the guidance of God's Spirit.", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00048-00021089-00021561": "This is the person who will allow themselves to be led to do God's will for their lives", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00049-00021561-00021723": "like Jesus did.", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00050-00021723-00022311": "This is the individual who is sensitive to the promptings of the Spirit of God.", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00051-00022311-00022774": "If you cannot see life from the perspective of the Lord Jesus Christ, it will be difficult", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00052-00022774-00023062": "for the directive will of God for your life to be fulfilled.", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00053-00023062-00023681": "Seeing life from the perspective of the Lord is what people normally term as dying to self.", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00054-00023681-00024292": "It is self-abandonment for the sake of pursuing God and His purposes for your life.", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00055-00024292-00024866": "It is deciding to become a part of a larger, more fulfilling heavenly agenda rather than", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00056-00024866-00025270": "the pursuit of selfish ambitions or interests.", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00057-00025270-00025772": "And interestingly, giving up your selfish desires for the purposes of pursuing what", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00058-00025772-00026508": "God has for you will certainly be more rewarding, and certainly more fulfilling than if you", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00059-00026508-00026766": "pursued your own interests.", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00060-00026766-00027449": "It is the reason why Jesus says in Matthew 16:25, \"For whoever desires to save his life", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00061-00027449-00028250": "will lose it, but whoever loses his life for My sake will find it.\"", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00062-00028250-00028747": "This verse isn't talking about life in heaven, this is the life Jesus came to give us here", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00063-00028747-00029158": "on earth by sacrificing Himself on the cross for our sake.", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00064-00029158-00029761": "The Bible says that Jesus came to give us life and give it more abundantly in John 10:10.", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00065-00029761-00030386": "The platform or the channel through which the purpose of God is made possible and is", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00066-00030386-00030829": "communicated effectively to us is the Word of God.", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00067-00030829-00031094": "The Word of God is Christ.", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00068-00031094-00031991": "The Bible says in Colossians 2:3, \"In whom (Christ) are hidden all the treasures of wisdom", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00069-00031991-00032219": "and knowledge.\"", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00070-00032219-00032912": "Jesus is the embodiment of the general will of God for our lives.", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00071-00032912-00033438": "And the directive will of God for your life is largely dependent upon how serious you", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00072-00033438-00033674": "take His general will for your life.", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00073-00033674-00034269": "It will also be dependent upon how submissive and compliant you are as a Christian to the", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00074-00034269-00034394": "Spirit of God.", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00075-00034394-00034988": "The reason I say this is because to know the difference between the ideas, the desires", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00076-00034988-00035588": "and the promptings that are from the Spirit of God vis-a-vis those that are from the devil,", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00077-00035588-00035871": "one must be sensitive to Him.", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00078-00035871-00036187": "And this sensitivity comes through submission.", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00079-00036187-00036803": "You need to know that apart from the God-given ideas, He also gives desires.", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00080-00036803-00037237": "Some of the desires you have, especially the good ones are God-given.", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00081-00037237-00038194": "The Bible says in Philippians 2:13, \"For it is God who is at work in you, both to desire", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00082-00038194-00038538": "and to work for His good pleasure.\"", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00083-00038538-00039011": "This is why you need to put God first in everything you do.", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00084-00039011-00039380": "Everything God does, the devil also has a corrupt version of.", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00085-00039380-00039636": "He has a counterfeit version of everything God does.", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00086-00039636-00040158": "So if God gives desires, ideas and promptings in order to get us up to speed with what He", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00087-00040158-00040697": "wants to do in our lives, then certainly the devil will also have something similar, a", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00088-00040697-00041390": "corrupted and perverted version, with the aim to deceive God's people in order to thwart", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00089-00041390-00041588": "His will for their lives.", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00090-00041588-00042294": "This is why you need to submit to the Holy Spirit so He can guide you into your destiny.", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00091-00042294-00042838": "Sometimes God gives us a glimpse of our destiny or future through dreams, and sometimes we", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00092-00042838-00043065": "get them through prophecies.", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00093-00043065-00043641": "But oftentimes and most times He gives them through ideas, desires and through the promptings", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00094-00043641-00043773": "of the Spirit.", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00095-00043773-00044344": "So you should strive to obey the Holy Spirit at all times because like I said, even though", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00096-00044344-00044798": "the Spirit of God may give you a glimpse of your future, He never gives you the whole", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00097-00044798-00045003": "picture of your future.", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00098-00045003-00045644": "So disobedience can in this case mean forfeiting destiny.", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00099-00045644-00046160": "Obedience maybe difficult when you are dealing with God, but this is the process He uses", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00100-00046160-00046750": "to build us up for the task of shouldering the responsibility of carrying His will for", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00101-00046750-00046881": "lives.", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00102-00046881-00047361": "This is the period of preparation for the fulfilment of His will and plans for our lives.", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00103-00047361-00047956": "During this period your trust in the process and in God is your everything.", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00104-00047956-00048547": "Just submit and allow Him work in you to refine you for where He is taking you.", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00105-00048547-00049118": "Now I believe it is important to restate quite clearly that the specific or directive will", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00106-00049118-00049583": "of God for your life is not only given through dreams and prophecies.", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00107-00049583-00049796": "Please note that.", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00108-00049796-00050303": "You must therefore be very careful not to take lightly the ideas and desires that come", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00109-00050303-00050431": "to you.", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00110-00050431-00050922": "You should be able to vet them by Holy Spirit, to see if they are from Him.", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00111-00050922-00051340": "There are times when you know that these ideas and promptings are from God.", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00112-00051340-00051916": "But most times you will need to confirm them by the Spirit of God before you make any move", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00113-00051916-00052049": "at all.", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00114-00052049-00052579": "The way you vet these ideas and desires is by first and foremost testing and measuring", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00115-00052579-00052989": "them against the character of God and the Word of God.", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00116-00052989-00053247": "Will they be of any benefit to humanity?", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00117-00053247-00053700": "And if they will be, that is if they pass this first test, then you move on to the second", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00118-00053700-00054451": "and most important test, which is to go on waiting to confirm whether it is indeed God-given.", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00119-00054451-00055025": "The reason why you still need confirmation from God is because it is not everything good", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00120-00055025-00055191": "that comes from God.", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00121-00055191-00055770": "And the fact that something is good does not necessarily mean that that is God's will for", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00122-00055770-00055961": "your life.", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00123-00055961-00056439": "Some good things could be distractions from the devil to get you off route to your God-given", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00124-00056439-00056539": "destiny.", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00125-00056539-00056983": "So, discernment is key to unraveling the truth regarding God's will.", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00126-00056983-00057522": "That is why seeking the face of God in waiting to confirm it is critical.", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00127-00057522-00058063": "Before you step out in faith with the God-given assignment, make sure there is no doubt in", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00128-00058063-00058419": "your mind that you are in the will of God for your life.", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00129-00058419-00058807": "I can't emphasize the importance of this enough.", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00130-00058807-00059336": "It is extremely dangerous to try to go your own when God has different plans for your", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00131-00059336-00059460": "life.", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00132-00059460-00059951": "It will not hurt to wait until you are certain of the route He wants you to take, until you", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00133-00059951-00060299": "sense the green light in your spirit to go ahead.", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00134-00060299-00060488": "That is how you wait on God.", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00135-00060488-00060783": "You wait on God through fasting and prayer.", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00136-00060783-00061188": "If you are lucky, God may use another person to confirm it.", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00137-00061188-00061755": "But whatever the case may be, you will know for sure what God wants you to do if you patiently", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00138-00061755-00061941": "wait for Him.", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00139-00061941-00062339": "And if you receive the confirmation, please waste no more time.", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00140-00062339-00062586": "Start working on it immediately.", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00141-00062586-00063166": "Write it down in clear cogent language and begin to pursue it until it is realized.", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00142-00063166-00063685": "I need also to mention that God's will for your life will mostly look grandiose and bigger", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00143-00063685-00064019": "than anything you can achieve in your own strength.", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00144-00064019-00064366": "This is to make you reliant on God's resources to get it done.", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00145-00064366-00064557": "It is part of the plan.", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00146-00064557-00064897": "If you can do it on your own, then it's not from God.", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00147-00064897-00065311": "So rest in the knowledge that God is going to bring about the realization of that will", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00148-00065311-00065479": "for your life Himself.", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00149-00065479-00065885": "And yet, you still need to improve on yourself.", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00150-00065885-00066380": "The fact that God is going to bring the harvest is not a license to be haphazard and careless", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00151-00066380-00066550": "about your work.", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00152-00066550-00067250": "The Bible says in Proverbs 12:27, \"The lazy man does not roast what he took in hunting,", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00153-00067250-00067706": "but diligence is a man's precious possession.\"", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00154-00067706-00068574": "In fact, the mere fact that it is a God-given idea should impress on you to be even more", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00155-00068574-00069064": "diligent than you would normally be if it were your initiative.", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00156-00069064-00069876": "This is why the Bible also says in Colossians 3:23-24, \"And whatever you do, do it heartily,", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00157-00069876-00070402": "as to the Lord and not men, knowing that from the Lord you will receive the reward of the", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00158-00070402-00070848": "inheritance; for you serve the Lord Christ.\"", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00159-00070848-00071355": "Excellence should be obvious in your business, and not need to be stated.", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00160-00071355-00071910": "It is unfortunate that in some secular circles, \"Christianity\" is associated with below-average", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00161-00071910-00072010": "output.", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00162-00072010-00072649": "The label of \"Christian\" is not an excuse for poor workmanship—it is the exact opposite,", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00163-00072649-00072902": "because we report to a much superior authority.", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00164-00072902-00073399": "I need to state also that the fact that you get a confirmation from God concerning His", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00165-00073399-00073894": "will for your life does not mean that you are going to succeed immediately.", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00166-00073894-00074177": "In fact, the opposite is true.", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00167-00074177-00074468": "You will be met with resistance and failures.", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00168-00074468-00074630": "It is normal.", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00169-00074630-00075020": "The one thing that should be clear to you is that God is going to use this period of", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00170-00075020-00075620": "your life to build you up to be a much better version of yourself in Christ.", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00171-00075620-00076092": "This could easily become the most difficult period of your life because growth requires", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00172-00076092-00076523": "stretching, and stretching is painful.", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00173-00076523-00076973": "But trust the process and submit yourself to it and you will not regret it.", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00174-00076973-00077548": "So one of the litmus tests for the will of God for your life is the resistances and impediments", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00175-00077548-00077706": "you are likely to encounter.", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00176-00077706-00078104": "You see God's will for your life will be glorious in the end.", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00177-00078104-00078542": "There will be a lot of honor and plenty of blessings that accompany it.", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00178-00078542-00079131": "Also, a lot of destinies will be connected to it, so God cannot just hand it over to", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00179-00079131-00079588": "you if you are not built to handle that kind of responsibility.", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00180-00079588-00079852": "This is the reason you will be trained for it.", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00181-00079852-00080337": "Otherwise, the blessing and honor that God intends for you to have in the end will end", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00182-00080337-00080588": "up being your undoing.", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00183-00080588-00081006": "It will end up being a curse rather than the blessing it is intended to be.", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00184-00081006-00081705": "This is the reason why Jesus says about those He chooses in Mark 9:49, \"For everyone will", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00185-00081705-00082072": "be salted with fire.\"", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00186-00082072-00082512": "You need this seasoning to be able to handle the success when it comes.", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00187-00082512-00082972": "You need this seasoning so that when men begin to sing your praise, and when they begin to", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00188-00082972-00083462": "honor you because of what God has done for you, you will have the sanity to redirect", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00189-00083462-00083747": "the praise where it really belongs.", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00190-00083747-00084358": "So choose to pursue God and His will for your life and I can promise you, you will not regret", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00191-00084358-00084458": "it.", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00192-00084458-00084660": "God bless you.", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00193-00084660-00085198": "May the Lord give us the patience to wait on Him to reveal to us His will for our lives.", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00194-00085198-00085706": "May He grant us the perseverance to push forward with His will no matter the resistance we", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00195-00085706-00086049": "face from the devil and the people he uses.", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00196-00086049-00086604": "May we endure His training so that we can receive the crown God has promised to those", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00197-00086604-00087038": "who love Him, in Jesus' Mighty name I pray.", "fhbwAAbwTWg-00198-00087038-00087110": "Amen!"}}, {"audio_id": "fi28qwUTD7g", "text": {}}, {"audio_id": "fi9OSy_RssE", "text": {"fi9OSy_RssE-00000-00000360-00000919": "Hello my name is Joe and I go to a certain University in Santa Barbara", "fi9OSy_RssE-00001-00000919-00001462": "California that has a certain reputation for partying. That's right this video is", "fi9OSy_RssE-00002-00001462-00001948": "going to be all about party schools, what is fact, what is fiction, and what you", "fi9OSy_RssE-00003-00001948-00002246": "should be thinking about when considering one of these schools. It is", "fi9OSy_RssE-00004-00002246-00002635": "very easy to look at some schools and group them together as party schools", "fi9OSy_RssE-00005-00002635-00003085": "however just because a school has a certain reputation doesn't mean that", "fi9OSy_RssE-00006-00003085-00003389": "they're all the same. Nor does it mean that each student at one of these", "fi9OSy_RssE-00007-00003389-00003852": "schools will have the same experience. As I like to say College is what you make", "fi9OSy_RssE-00008-00003854-00004298": "of it so you have the choice to go out on a Friday night or just get dinner", "fi9OSy_RssE-00009-00004298-00004724": "stay in and play cards and humanity with some friends. Also, if you were to change", "fi9OSy_RssE-00010-00004724-00005300": "the category from party schools to schools that have parties then every", "fi9OSy_RssE-00011-00005300-00005699": "college campus in the nation would apply. When I was in high school I used to", "fi9OSy_RssE-00012-00005699-00006128": "think that universities with reputations for partying we're all somehow the same", "fi9OSy_RssE-00013-00006128-00006472": "or that if you went to one of these schools that meant that everyone there", "fi9OSy_RssE-00014-00006472-00006902": "goes out to a lot of parties. Colleges might have the party reputation for a", "fi9OSy_RssE-00015-00006902-00007324": "number of reasons however if a lot of the students are involved in Greek life", "fi9OSy_RssE-00016-00007324-00007750": "if there isn't that much to do in the surrounding area around the campus and", "fi9OSy_RssE-00017-00007750-00008339": "in the case of my university if the university has a history in the past of", "fi9OSy_RssE-00018-00008339-00008800": "wild parties. Personally, I almost let this reputation scare me away from", "fi9OSy_RssE-00019-00008800-00009242": "applying to the school that I currently attend. I let it distract me from all the", "fi9OSy_RssE-00020-00009242-00009604": "other wonderful things that the school has going for it. I also watched a ton of", "fi9OSy_RssE-00021-00009604-00009940": "YouTube videos and read a ton of things on the internet that really", "fi9OSy_RssE-00022-00009940-00010414": "overemphasized the party culture aspect. So, why did I choose this school? When I", "fi9OSy_RssE-00023-00010414-00010838": "took a serious look at what the university has to offer I was blown away", "fi9OSy_RssE-00024-00010838-00011252": "I decided that I could see myself studying there and living there and I", "fi9OSy_RssE-00025-00011252-00011643": "was really happy with my choice in the end. Of course I was still pretty nervous", "fi9OSy_RssE-00026-00011643-00012038": "when I arrived at my freshman orientation I was worried that I", "fi9OSy_RssE-00027-00012038-00012524": "wouldn't fit in with other people I was concerned that I wouldn't meet people", "fi9OSy_RssE-00028-00012524-00012889": "that I got along with or that I wouldn't get along with people who enjoyed going", "fi9OSy_RssE-00029-00012889-00013397": "out to parties. However, after the first couple weeks of school I was doing fine", "fi9OSy_RssE-00030-00013397-00013800": "I learned what it really meant to go to a party school so here it is what it's", "fi9OSy_RssE-00031-00013800-00014193": "really like at a party school. What I have found is that there is a whole", "fi9OSy_RssE-00032-00014193-00014658": "spectrum of people who like going out to parties you have people that go out a", "fi9OSy_RssE-00033-00014658-00015023": "couple times a week but then you also have people that don't go out at all and", "fi9OSy_RssE-00034-00015023-00015600": "then there's everyone else in between those two points personally I've been", "fi9OSy_RssE-00035-00015600-00016059": "able to make friends with people on all points of this spectrum. My university is", "fi9OSy_RssE-00036-00016059-00016479": "fantastic because it puts on a ton of programs for people who aren't going out", "fi9OSy_RssE-00037-00016479-00016986": "to parties and for that reason I'm never bored here. Once again college is what", "fi9OSy_RssE-00038-00016986-00017426": "you make of it. It's wonderful and exciting, but it's okay to be nervous", "fi9OSy_RssE-00039-00017426-00017919": "it's just better to listen to yourself and decide where to attend rather than", "fi9OSy_RssE-00040-00017919-00018156": "let something you heard make that decision for you", "fi9OSy_RssE-00041-00018156-00018534": "well thanks for watching I hope that that addressed any questions or concerns", "fi9OSy_RssE-00042-00018534-00019014": "you have about the topic I know for me when I was in high school I feel like", "fi9OSy_RssE-00043-00019014-00019566": "that kind of advice and perspective would have helped me in the process of", "fi9OSy_RssE-00044-00019566-00022054": "selecting what school to attend a lot so thanks"}}, {"audio_id": "finU35Ev1gM", "text": {"finU35Ev1gM-00000-00024076-00024246": "Hey guys, it's Riley", "finU35Ev1gM-00001-00024246-00024890": "I just wanted to say thank you so much for watching this video and watching me make this", "finU35Ev1gM-00002-00024913-00025179": "I'm not gonna say what it is because it's a surprise", "finU35Ev1gM-00003-00025189-00025479": "And I don't know if the one in the other room is asleep yet", "finU35Ev1gM-00004-00025482-00026001": "But if you enjoyed this video and want to see more crafty content or any content from me at all", "finU35Ev1gM-00005-00026025-00026654": "Be sure to hit that subscribe button and follow me on my social medias which are linked down below for you", "finU35Ev1gM-00006-00026655-00027258": "I am hoping to have a regular weekly of videos coming up for you. So that should be super duper fun", "finU35Ev1gM-00007-00027258-00027584": "I also don't think this is in focus and that's frustrating", "finU35Ev1gM-00008-00027622-00028260": "I hope you guys have a really great holiday with whatever you're celebrating and I love ya and", "finU35Ev1gM-00009-00028339-00028547": "I'll see you soon! Goodbye!"}}, {"audio_id": "fiFSVS0iTro", "text": {"fiFSVS0iTro-00000-00000672-00001592": "before we start i want to present to you uh rannell dodger k new song he's my friend you know", "fiFSVS0iTro-00001-00001968-00002440": "okay maybe you will like you know it's in swahili maybe you will like the beats he's", "fiFSVS0iTro-00002-00002440-00003008": "a good singer he's a good singer i like him i like him songs he's good bro it's good but it's", "fiFSVS0iTro-00003-00003008-00003592": "in swahili i speak also swahili you know today i react to the new song of batuflex and cakal", "fiFSVS0iTro-00004-00003592-00004384": "you know if you like this video smash it like abone ol and follow me on instagram bro let's go", "fiFSVS0iTro-00005-00004920-00005784": "batuflex akdo", "fiFSVS0iTro-00006-00006504-00007168": "i know i know he's akdo i know i know he's a beatmaker the nice beatmaker", "fiFSVS0iTro-00007-00007168-00008584": "this one is this  beat maker nice beat but when i listen this name i like the beats bruh", "fiFSVS0iTro-00008-00008683-00009984": "i like batuflex flow when he sings like this it's nice bro", "fiFSVS0iTro-00009-00010688-00011384": "if i want to do song i would go to see this beat maker i like beat i like the beat", "fiFSVS0iTro-00010-00014816-00015656": "nice nice bro no bro this man i like batuflex bro you know cakal and batuflex i", "fiFSVS0iTro-00011-00015656-00017000": "think they will be famous the very very famous turkish rapper", "fiFSVS0iTro-00012-00017000-00017696": "know this style batuflex do it well you know i like i like butuflex when he sings", "fiFSVS0iTro-00013-00017696-00018384": "like this bro when he rappe like this is nice bro it's nice it's nice i like bro", "fiFSVS0iTro-00014-00019720-00020096": "bro cakal cakal cakal bro", "fiFSVS0iTro-00015-00020824-00021776": "no no no no this man this man this man no no bro no bro this man i like this man", "fiFSVS0iTro-00016-00021776-00022544": "i like this man he's a good rapper bro he's he does well this style he does well this style bro", "fiFSVS0iTro-00017-00023608-00025384": "is nice nice i want to dance bro i want to flex you know i want to flex", "fiFSVS0iTro-00018-00026704-00027320": "a enur party like seven person seven person this is a party this is a real party", "fiFSVS0iTro-00019-00027320-00029583": "this is a good part you know who is this man who is this", "fiFSVS0iTro-00020-00030216-00031095": "what nice beast", "fiFSVS0iTro-00021-00031648-00032304": "shackle and butterflies nice song bro nice song i like this song all is nice", "fiFSVS0iTro-00022-00032360-00033048": "nice bro nice i don't know his name the beat maker said videos especially", "fiFSVS0iTro-00023-00033752-00033802": "see you"}}, {"audio_id": "fiR1AaXjzvg", "text": {"fiR1AaXjzvg-00000-00000677-00001330": "Can you tell us a little bit about your experience with a and F level 1 & 2 I", "fiR1AaXjzvg-00001-00001723-00003750": "first learned about an F by being a client and I not only emotionally and so", "fiR1AaXjzvg-00002-00003750-00004485": "I've just finished of course level 2 and we did a bunch of case studies and I", "fiR1AaXjzvg-00003-00004485-00005376": "just I just love the results that I'm seeing and I am supercharged about using", "fiR1AaXjzvg-00004-00005376-00006182": "this you know with my clients I'm really excited to bring it to them welcome to", "fiR1AaXjzvg-00005-00006182-00006421": "the family", "fiR1AaXjzvg-00006-00006769-00006975": "you"}}, {"audio_id": "fjB_ozLSRs8", "text": {"fjB_ozLSRs8-00000-00000011-00000474": "8 B-List Celebs Who Are Jerks (And 7 Who Are Sweethearts).", "fjB_ozLSRs8-00001-00000474-00000936": "B-Listers – where would our celebrity-obsessed culture be without them?", "fjB_ozLSRs8-00002-00000936-00001530": "Not as idealized or untouchable as the A-list elite, they seem a little closer to reality,", "fjB_ozLSRs8-00003-00001530-00001795": "a little closer to… us.", "fjB_ozLSRs8-00004-00001795-00002348": "When it comes to who ends up as a jerk or a sweetheart, fame can play a number of roles.", "fjB_ozLSRs8-00005-00002348-00002920": "Some of the celebs on our list actually made it to the top of their game – at one time,", "fjB_ozLSRs8-00006-00002920-00003044": "that is.", "fjB_ozLSRs8-00007-00003044-00003631": "In fact, in some cases, a jerkish personality and widespread rumors of being difficult to", "fjB_ozLSRs8-00008-00003631-00004013": "work with seem to have sidelined a once promising career.", "fjB_ozLSRs8-00009-00004013-00004591": "In other cases, individuals who are genuinely nice and not obsessed with money or fame may", "fjB_ozLSRs8-00010-00004591-00005052": "be consciously foregoing the kind of fishbowl scrutiny and Hollywood competitiveness that", "fjB_ozLSRs8-00011-00005052-00005317": "would put them on the A-list.", "fjB_ozLSRs8-00012-00005317-00005819": "Here’s a list of 15 who’ve become notable for being either a jerk or a sweetheart – and", "fjB_ozLSRs8-00013-00005819-00006176": "it isn’t always who you’d think.", "fjB_ozLSRs8-00014-00006176-00006276": "1.", "fjB_ozLSRs8-00015-00006276-00006450": "Sweetheart: Steve Buscemi.", "fjB_ozLSRs8-00016-00006450-00006806": "It almost hurts to put actor Steve Buscemi on the B-list.", "fjB_ozLSRs8-00017-00006806-00007318": "He’s easily one of the most recognizable actors in Hollywood, and he’s taken on a", "fjB_ozLSRs8-00018-00007318-00007850": "number of iconic roles, from his breakout in the Coen Brothers’ hit Fargo to a starring", "fjB_ozLSRs8-00019-00007850-00008086": "turn in HBO’s Boardwalk Empire.", "fjB_ozLSRs8-00020-00008086-00008731": "Still, you couldn’t say that he’s achieved leading-man status, and what’s more, that", "fjB_ozLSRs8-00021-00008731-00009227": "doesn’t seem to bother the talented actor who’s universally described as down-to-earth", "fjB_ozLSRs8-00022-00009227-00009340": "and relatable.", "fjB_ozLSRs8-00023-00009340-00009860": "A former firefighter, his time spent literally helping to dig through the rubble of what", "fjB_ozLSRs8-00024-00009860-00010448": "was once the World Trade Center after 9/11 has become the stuff of legend.", "fjB_ozLSRs8-00025-00010448-00010970": "He spent five days working 12-hour shifts looking for traces of his former firefighting", "fjB_ozLSRs8-00026-00010970-00011070": "colleagues.", "fjB_ozLSRs8-00027-00011070-00011620": "His reputation with acting colleagues is no less stellar, with universal reports of his", "fjB_ozLSRs8-00028-00011620-00011840": "kindness and generosity.", "fjB_ozLSRs8-00029-00011840-00012422": "He may play bad guys and rough characters on screen, but by all accounts, that comes", "fjB_ozLSRs8-00030-00012422-00012772": "in opposition to a true heart of gold.", "fjB_ozLSRs8-00031-00012772-00012872": "2.", "fjB_ozLSRs8-00032-00012872-00013131": "Sweetheart: Rooney Mara.", "fjB_ozLSRs8-00033-00013131-00013601": "Actress Rooney Mara gained fame in the American version of the dark thriller The Girl With", "fjB_ozLSRs8-00034-00013601-00014115": "The Dragon Tattoo, and while she’s worked steadily since then, she hasn’t quite hit", "fjB_ozLSRs8-00035-00014115-00014306": "the A-list heights just yet.", "fjB_ozLSRs8-00036-00014306-00014741": "But when it comes to philanthropy, she’s already a superstar.", "fjB_ozLSRs8-00037-00014741-00014959": "Rooney comes from a wealthy family.", "fjB_ozLSRs8-00038-00014959-00015510": "Her mother’s family founded the Pittsburgh Steelers NFL franchise, and her father’s", "fjB_ozLSRs8-00039-00015510-00015801": "family, ditto with the New York Giants.", "fjB_ozLSRs8-00040-00015801-00016322": "But, while they’re rich and privileged, her parents seem to have instilled socially", "fjB_ozLSRs8-00041-00016322-00016648": "responsible values in the talented actress.", "fjB_ozLSRs8-00042-00016648-00017018": "She founded Faces of Kibera in 2008.", "fjB_ozLSRs8-00043-00017018-00017687": "The charity offers food, shelter, and medicine to orphans in the slums of Nairobi, Kenya,", "fjB_ozLSRs8-00044-00017687-00018112": "and it’s not the only charitable organization she’s associated with.", "fjB_ozLSRs8-00045-00018112-00018665": "It would be easy for her to party away a privileged lifestyle, so we applaud her efforts to give", "fjB_ozLSRs8-00046-00018665-00018803": "back instead.", "fjB_ozLSRs8-00047-00018803-00018917": "3.", "fjB_ozLSRs8-00048-00018917-00019170": "Sweetheart: Jack Black.", "fjB_ozLSRs8-00049-00019170-00019714": "Jack Black seemed destined for comedic success after School of Rock and other ostensible", "fjB_ozLSRs8-00050-00019714-00019848": "breakout roles.", "fjB_ozLSRs8-00051-00019848-00020381": "We’re not sure what happened to plunk him down on the B-list, but we’re pretty certain", "fjB_ozLSRs8-00052-00020381-00020653": "it had nothing to do with his personality.", "fjB_ozLSRs8-00053-00020653-00021229": "In an interview, one of his old buddies from grade school related the story of how Jack", "fjB_ozLSRs8-00054-00021229-00021770": "brought candy to school and hid it around the playground, just as a nice surprise for", "fjB_ozLSRs8-00055-00021770-00021922": "his schoolmates.", "fjB_ozLSRs8-00056-00021922-00022412": "Another story on the internet is told by someone who works at a movie theater.", "fjB_ozLSRs8-00057-00022412-00022899": "They say that Jack came in to watch a flick and spilled popcorn all along the front row", "fjB_ozLSRs8-00058-00022899-00023193": "– and then insisted on cleaning it up himself.", "fjB_ozLSRs8-00059-00023193-00023840": "He’s funny and is a talented musician, too, so we’re hoping another big break comes", "fjB_ozLSRs8-00060-00023840-00024044": "his way soon.", "fjB_ozLSRs8-00061-00024044-00024144": "4.", "fjB_ozLSRs8-00062-00024144-00024265": "Sweetheart: George Takei.", "fjB_ozLSRs8-00063-00024265-00024890": "Star Trek icon and current social media star George Takei is apparently just as nice a", "fjB_ozLSRs8-00064-00024890-00025325": "guy off screen as he sounds in the posts read and shared by millions.", "fjB_ozLSRs8-00065-00025325-00025981": "In his posts, he comes across as humane and intelligent, and the stories from fans and", "fjB_ozLSRs8-00066-00025981-00026165": "co-stars back up the impression.", "fjB_ozLSRs8-00067-00026165-00026799": "There are many reports to confirm the fact that in his many appearances at fan events,", "fjB_ozLSRs8-00068-00026799-00027352": "he won’t leave autograph signings until he’s talked to every single person one to", "fjB_ozLSRs8-00069-00027352-00027452": "one.", "fjB_ozLSRs8-00070-00027452-00027833": "He once appeared at a media event hours before it started, just so he could sign a doll for", "fjB_ozLSRs8-00071-00027833-00028258": "a sick fan who couldn’t make it in person.", "fjB_ozLSRs8-00072-00028258-00028833": "His family was sent to internment camps during World War II, and he struggled with acceptance", "fjB_ozLSRs8-00073-00028833-00029399": "as a gay man in Hollywood for years, but he never comes across as bitter and angry.", "fjB_ozLSRs8-00074-00029399-00029918": "He’s even hosted a Youtube series showing seniors how to use technology.", "fjB_ozLSRs8-00075-00029918-00030530": "Sure, he’s had his public feud with fellow original Trekker William Shatner, but we hear", "fjB_ozLSRs8-00076-00030530-00030930": "Will’s a douchebag, so we’re not holding it against George.", "fjB_ozLSRs8-00077-00030930-00031030": "5.", "fjB_ozLSRs8-00078-00031030-00031288": "Sweetheart: Keanu Reeves.", "fjB_ozLSRs8-00079-00031288-00031765": "We’ve all probably seen that meme about Keanu Reeves and what a down-to-earth guy", "fjB_ozLSRs8-00080-00031765-00031959": "he really is.", "fjB_ozLSRs8-00081-00031959-00032203": "It turns out that it all seems to be true.", "fjB_ozLSRs8-00082-00032203-00032849": "Once an A-lister with The Matrix trilogy and other hit movies on his resume, he’s slipped", "fjB_ozLSRs8-00083-00032849-00033342": "to the B-list in recent years, although the groundbreaking John Wick and John Wick 2 seem", "fjB_ozLSRs8-00084-00033342-00033574": "to be putting him back in the spotlight.", "fjB_ozLSRs8-00085-00033574-00034074": "If so, it really couldn’t happen to a better, more awesome guy.", "fjB_ozLSRs8-00086-00034074-00034630": "He’s certainly known a lot of tragedy in his life, including abandonment by his father", "fjB_ozLSRs8-00087-00034630-00035294": "at an early age, the death of BF River Phoenix, and the stillborn birth of his child by former", "fjB_ozLSRs8-00088-00035294-00035547": "wife Jennifer Syme in 1999.", "fjB_ozLSRs8-00089-00035547-00036203": "He’s also garnered a reputation as one of the most generous and charitable guys in Hollywood.", "fjB_ozLSRs8-00090-00036203-00036900": "He made about $114 million personally from The Matrix series – and insisted on giving", "fjB_ozLSRs8-00091-00036900-00037339": "about $80 million of that to special effects and make-up people.", "fjB_ozLSRs8-00092-00037339-00037918": "He took voluntary pay cuts on movies like The Devil’s Advocate so that producers could", "fjB_ozLSRs8-00093-00037918-00038401": "afford stars like Al Pacino and reportedly gave a down-on-his-luck stage builder – one", "fjB_ozLSRs8-00094-00038401-00038991": "of the poorest paid people on a typical movie set — a $20,000 Christmas bonus just to", "fjB_ozLSRs8-00095-00038991-00039150": "help out.", "fjB_ozLSRs8-00096-00039150-00039708": "There are no rumors of bad behavior, which is unusual for Hollywood, to counter all the", "fjB_ozLSRs8-00097-00039708-00039933": "stories of generosity and just plain niceness.", "fjB_ozLSRs8-00098-00039933-00040405": "Here’s hoping the John Wick series catapults him back onto the A-list.", "fjB_ozLSRs8-00099-00040405-00040811": "It literally couldn’t happen to a nicer guy.", "fjB_ozLSRs8-00100-00040811-00040916": "6.", "fjB_ozLSRs8-00101-00040916-00041130": "Sweetheart: Blake Lively.", "fjB_ozLSRs8-00102-00041130-00041780": "She’s known for a few prominent movie roles and, of course, her big career break in Gossip", "fjB_ozLSRs8-00103-00041780-00042469": "Girls, but these days, blond beauty Blake Lively is probably best known for her marriage", "fjB_ozLSRs8-00104-00042469-00042969": "to megastar Ryan Reynolds and an Instagram account that reveals her as everybody’s", "fjB_ozLSRs8-00105-00042969-00043088": "sweetheart next door.", "fjB_ozLSRs8-00106-00043088-00043671": "She’s shared funny pics of herself with a double chin, chowing down on pizza, adorable", "fjB_ozLSRs8-00107-00043671-00043884": "family photos, and more.", "fjB_ozLSRs8-00108-00043884-00044499": "Blake comes across as down-to-earth and perfectly relatable – despite the megastar couplehood", "fjB_ozLSRs8-00109-00044499-00044972": "and an enviable sense of style that’s made her a fashion icon.", "fjB_ozLSRs8-00110-00044972-00045496": "She’s one of those rare actresses who are equally loved by her male and female fans.", "fjB_ozLSRs8-00111-00045496-00046025": "We’re hoping motherhood doesn’t put her career on hold for too long so she can bounce", "fjB_ozLSRs8-00112-00046025-00046552": "right up to A-list status, where this sexy sweetheart really belongs.", "fjB_ozLSRs8-00113-00046552-00046667": "7.", "fjB_ozLSRs8-00114-00046667-00046933": "Sweetheart: Brendan Fraser.", "fjB_ozLSRs8-00115-00046933-00047427": "Brendan Fraser was a rare star who could combine action and comedic roles in his heyday on", "fjB_ozLSRs8-00116-00047427-00047642": "the A-list back in the day.", "fjB_ozLSRs8-00117-00047642-00048220": "His career peaked in The Mummy trilogy, especially the first two outings starring opposite Rachel", "fjB_ozLSRs8-00118-00048220-00048361": "Weisz.", "fjB_ozLSRs8-00119-00048361-00049099": "In fact, in 2017, even outside the spotlight for about three years at that point, his rabid", "fjB_ozLSRs8-00120-00049099-00049755": "fans urged for a boycott of the reboot starring Tom Cruise, out of deference for the actor.", "fjB_ozLSRs8-00121-00049755-00050244": "It turns out the fan devotion, in this case, is justified.", "fjB_ozLSRs8-00122-00050244-00050850": "From interviewers to co-stars, the reaction to the big, square-jawed actor has been one", "fjB_ozLSRs8-00123-00050850-00051013": "of universal goodwill.", "fjB_ozLSRs8-00124-00051013-00051590": "He’s prone to giggles, and that sweetness his characters display onscreen is apparently", "fjB_ozLSRs8-00125-00051590-00051804": "true to life.", "fjB_ozLSRs8-00126-00051804-00052286": "It’s too bad the former A-lister made some bad career decisions and got derailed by a", "fjB_ozLSRs8-00127-00052286-00052814": "few personal issues, landing him squarely on the B-side of Hollywood.", "fjB_ozLSRs8-00128-00052814-00052914": "8.", "fjB_ozLSRs8-00129-00052914-00053123": "Jerk: Gene Simmons.", "fjB_ozLSRs8-00130-00053123-00053766": "In June 2017, KISS frontman Gene Simmons abandoned his efforts to trademark the devils’ horn", "fjB_ozLSRs8-00131-00053766-00054049": "hand gesture that he says he made famous.", "fjB_ozLSRs8-00132-00054049-00054208": "Trademark a hand gesture?", "fjB_ozLSRs8-00133-00054208-00054444": "It’s a jerk move by definition.", "fjB_ozLSRs8-00134-00054444-00055145": "Along with trying to trademark a hand gesture performed by millions of metal – and not", "fjB_ozLSRs8-00135-00055145-00055717": "necessarily KISS – fans, Simmons routinely trashes other musicians in public, including", "fjB_ozLSRs8-00136-00055717-00055997": "Nirvana and Madonna, among others.", "fjB_ozLSRs8-00137-00055997-00056492": "He’s well known for making pithy statements like men shouldn’t get married until they’re", "fjB_ozLSRs8-00138-00056492-00056756": "60 and that rock died in 1988.", "fjB_ozLSRs8-00139-00056756-00057345": "He’s also known for cashing in wherever he can, including a reality TV show, KISS", "fjB_ozLSRs8-00140-00057345-00057491": "condoms, and more.", "fjB_ozLSRs8-00141-00057491-00057983": "That’s where the devil’s hand gesture trademark attempt comes into the picture,", "fjB_ozLSRs8-00142-00057983-00058102": "we’re guessing.", "fjB_ozLSRs8-00143-00058102-00058669": "The biggest question, though, is why media types continue to interview this has been", "fjB_ozLSRs8-00144-00058669-00058842": "and ask him his opinion on… anything."}}, {"audio_id": "fkfQukB4cvk", "text": {"fkfQukB4cvk-00000-00000453-00000622": "Good evening, how are you? I'm doctor Marco", "fkfQukB4cvk-00001-00000639-00000871": "Today, we'll carry on  with the basic sciences,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00002-00000887-00000991": "but now with the neurosciences,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00003-00001008-00001324": "we will basically explain the physiology of neurons", "fkfQukB4cvk-00004-00001341-00001612": "and the physiology of synapses, how they connect to each other", "fkfQukB4cvk-00005-00001629-00001884": "to generate all the systems we've been watching", "fkfQukB4cvk-00006-00001901-00002100": "in this of the central nervous system.", "fkfQukB4cvk-00007-00002116-00002368": "You know, if you have any questions leave them in the comments", "fkfQukB4cvk-00008-00002385-00002507": "and we answer them.", "fkfQukB4cvk-00009-00002611-00002828": "Let's find out what are neurons", "fkfQukB4cvk-00010-00002844-00003002": "and what are synapses.", "fkfQukB4cvk-00011-00003187-00003356": "Obviously, by studying the brain,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00012-00003373-00003528": "we found that  neurons and synapses", "fkfQukB4cvk-00013-00003545-00003682": "are embedded in it,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00014-00003699-00003863": "although as we will see later,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00015-00003880-00004108": "synapses may also be present", "fkfQukB4cvk-00016-00004125-00004296": "between neurons and other cells", "fkfQukB4cvk-00017-00004313-00004520": "or only the ones who are independent  from the central nervous system,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00018-00004537-00004792": "like the famous immunological synapses.", "fkfQukB4cvk-00019-00004851-00005085": "For a long time people thought of a theory", "fkfQukB4cvk-00020-00005102-00005239": "called Reticular Theory,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00021-00005255-00005414": "that the brain consisted", "fkfQukB4cvk-00022-00005430-00005811": "of a large network of many connections all over the place,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00023-00005842-00005988": "continuous between them,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00024-00006004-00006308": "that the information travelled through the whole brain", "fkfQukB4cvk-00025-00006335-00006548": "and that each of the parts of the brain", "fkfQukB4cvk-00026-00006565-00006801": "interpreted this new information in a different way,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00027-00006818-00006989": "giving it a final meaning.", "fkfQukB4cvk-00028-00007119-00007326": "This theory prevailed for a long time,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00029-00007343-00007598": "until the 19th century,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00030-00007625-00007911": "when some scientists generated sufficient progress", "fkfQukB4cvk-00031-00007927-00008168": "for this theory to be discredited.", "fkfQukB4cvk-00032-00008185-00008523": "First, there was the great scientist Golgi,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00033-00008540-00008825": "he designed a stain, called Silver Staining", "fkfQukB4cvk-00034-00008842-00009026": "in which he put silver in the cells", "fkfQukB4cvk-00035-00009043-00009324": "and watched how some of them  would paint themselves", "fkfQukB4cvk-00036-00009341-00009526": "It was with this famous staining", "fkfQukB4cvk-00037-00009543-00009822": "that the father of today's neurobiology,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00038-00009838-00010086": "the scientist Santiago Ramón y Cajal,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00039-00010149-00010368": "developed a more advanced staining method,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00040-00010385-00010589": "called Double Silver Staining,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00041-00010608-00010862": "that, when applied to the brain for the first time,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00042-00010879-00011071": "he found these images.", "fkfQukB4cvk-00043-00011088-00011394": "These images revolutionized the scientific field", "fkfQukB4cvk-00044-00011411-00011620": "and specifically the biology field,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00045-00011636-00011922": "finding for the first time that these things,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00046-00011939-00012190": "which he would later describe as cells,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00047-00012207-00012518": "were the ones that generated all the functions in the brain.", "fkfQukB4cvk-00048-00012535-00012844": "The brain was made of these cells.", "fkfQukB4cvk-00049-00012861-00013132": "This is how he discovered and demonstrated", "fkfQukB4cvk-00050-00013159-00013431": "that all the secrets kept in the brain,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00051-00013448-00013621": "from our conscience, our memories,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00052-00013638-00013853": "our illusions, our emotions,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00053-00013869-00014160": "all were concentrated or were hidden", "fkfQukB4cvk-00054-00014177-00014564": "in the mystery that were these small cells called neurons,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00055-00014613-00014898": "generating, thus,  the dogma of neurons,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00056-00014915-00015351": "which is the most used in today's neurosciences.", "fkfQukB4cvk-00057-00015462-00015697": "What are these specific neurons?", "fkfQukB4cvk-00058-00015713-00015883": "We already know that neurons are cells", "fkfQukB4cvk-00059-00015899-00016099": "of which our brain  is composed of", "fkfQukB4cvk-00060-00016116-00016301": "and how the cells of the rest of the body", "fkfQukB4cvk-00061-00016318-00016507": "will have specific organelles", "fkfQukB4cvk-00062-00016524-00016789": "that allow you to develop certain activities.", "fkfQukB4cvk-00063-00016817-00017024": "We already saw this in a previous class,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00064-00017043-00017230": "we have a great amount of organelles.", "fkfQukB4cvk-00065-00017247-00017466": "Neurons will have exactly the same,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00066-00017482-00017575": "are going to have the core,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00067-00017592-00017863": "the rough and the smooth endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi apparatus,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00068-00017879-00018009": "the mitochondria, etc,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00069-00018033-00018330": "but the neurons are not traditional cells,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00070-00018346-00018726": "they are highly specialized cells with a specific function.", "fkfQukB4cvk-00071-00018748-00018895": "If we had to mention", "fkfQukB4cvk-00072-00018912-00019116": "what are the most important\t functions", "fkfQukB4cvk-00073-00019133-00019285": "of most neurons,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00074-00019302-00019551": "they had to be  these four, in general.", "fkfQukB4cvk-00075-00019568-00019948": "They quickly receive and transmit the information.", "fkfQukB4cvk-00076-00020006-00020310": "It is from one place to another, they start at one point", "fkfQukB4cvk-00077-00020327-00020775": "and transmit it to the other side in a polarized way,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00078-00020792-00020984": "it goes from point A to point B,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00079-00021001-00021243": "normally it does not go from point B to point A.", "fkfQukB4cvk-00080-00021279-00021481": "Sometimes this place is far away,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00081-00021497-00021721": "for example, in human beings the sciatic nerve", "fkfQukB4cvk-00082-00021737-00021872": "that transmits up to the leg,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00083-00021888-00022093": "can measure up to one meter,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00084-00022110-00022362": "which has to carry this message", "fkfQukB4cvk-00085-00022379-00022813": "and the neurons have to, in some way, integrate this information.", "fkfQukB4cvk-00086-00022843-00023052": "In this class, and in the subsequent classes,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00087-00023068-00023248": "we'll see how this is done.", "fkfQukB4cvk-00088-00023313-00023642": "If we study the general structure of these neurons,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00089-00023659-00023902": "we see that they have more or less this way.", "fkfQukB4cvk-00090-00023927-00024111": "Of course, has a lot of variability", "fkfQukB4cvk-00091-00024127-00024406": "depending on the function of the body part, etc,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00092-00024422-00024702": "but a prototype neuron has this shape.", "fkfQukB4cvk-00093-00024719-00024958": "Basically, it has the place where the core", "fkfQukB4cvk-00094-00024974-00025132": "and most of the organelles are,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00095-00025149-00025445": "which is called soma, this part here.", "fkfQukB4cvk-00096-00025485-00025887": "From the soma, there will usually come out one or several dendrites,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00097-00025903-00026298": "which are very thin  ramifications that do not have organelles", "fkfQukB4cvk-00098-00026315-00026497": "or have very few organelles,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00099-00026514-00026876": "beyond the cytoplasm", "fkfQukB4cvk-00100-00026893-00027138": "and the microtubules that give it its structure.", "fkfQukB4cvk-00101-00027190-00027383": "From this soma,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00102-00027400-00027737": "there is going to be another thicker projection,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00103-00027766-00028177": "that will mostly be covered by fat,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00104-00028193-00028428": "a fat called myelin.", "fkfQukB4cvk-00105-00028445-00028783": "This little road, this whole duct", "fkfQukB4cvk-00106-00028800-00028942": "is going to be called an axon.", "fkfQukB4cvk-00107-00029120-00029643": "This axon is going to be prolonged until it reaches some very thin", "fkfQukB4cvk-00108-00029660-00029926": "ramifications called terminal axons", "fkfQukB4cvk-00109-00029943-00030237": "or that can also be called  teledendrites.", "fkfQukB4cvk-00110-00030254-00030543": "Now, what connects the soma and the axon", "fkfQukB4cvk-00111-00030559-00030724": "is going to be called an axon cone", "fkfQukB4cvk-00112-00030741-00030862": "and it's going to be very important", "fkfQukB4cvk-00113-00030879-00031054": "in the transmission of electrical information.", "fkfQukB4cvk-00114-00031070-00031339": "We will see it ahead in other videos.", "fkfQukB4cvk-00115-00031392-00031548": "Basically, we are going to see", "fkfQukB4cvk-00116-00031564-00031726": "what happens a little bit further,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00117-00031742-00032017": "but it is that the stimulus reaches this neuron,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00118-00032033-00032387": "to the soma or even to the dendrites,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00119-00032404-00032530": "that's the most common.", "fkfQukB4cvk-00120-00032565-00032906": "A neuron sends its message to this", "fkfQukB4cvk-00121-00032923-00033136": "through its dendrites, that is the most common,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00122-00033153-00033351": "or it can also be done through the soma.", "fkfQukB4cvk-00123-00033376-00033659": "This is integrating the information from these,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00124-00033719-00033958": "not only from the one I just painted,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00125-00033975-00034209": "but, for example, there may be another neuron here", "fkfQukB4cvk-00126-00034226-00034573": "that sends you other message and another one over here.", "fkfQukB4cvk-00127-00034612-00034784": "This neuron is going to integrate.", "fkfQukB4cvk-00128-00034800-00035027": "Let's suppose all the blue ones  inhibit this neuron,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00129-00035044-00035172": "the red one stimulates,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00130-00035188-00035541": "this neuron is going to be averaged, so to speak,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00131-00035558-00035762": "it decides whether to activate it or not.", "fkfQukB4cvk-00132-00035779-00035917": "When activated in the axon cone,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00133-00035934-00036193": "it begins the nerve transmission", "fkfQukB4cvk-00134-00036215-00036690": "until the teledendrites or the terminal axon", "fkfQukB4cvk-00135-00036725-00037222": "sends its message  to a subsequent neuron.", "fkfQukB4cvk-00136-00037265-00037552": "Now, this one sends it to the next neuron,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00137-00037635-00037869": "so that the information passed from point A,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00138-00037886-00038152": "or from neuron A to neuron B", "fkfQukB4cvk-00139-00038305-00038483": "through the dendrite, the soma and the axon", "fkfQukB4cvk-00140-00038500-00038666": "to the C-neuron.", "fkfQukB4cvk-00141-00038758-00039006": "This, especially, in long neurons,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00142-00039023-00039317": "that are said to measure more than a meter or up to a meter,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00143-00039352-00039620": "it is very important to have a very efficient transmission system", "fkfQukB4cvk-00144-00039637-00039860": "and to make it a very fast system too.", "fkfQukB4cvk-00145-00039877-00040069": "Let's see the system in another class,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00146-00040086-00040291": "but basically what we have is that,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00147-00040308-00040505": "attached to this neuron in its axon,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00148-00040531-00040761": "we are going to have some cells called Schwann cells,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00149-00040778-00041175": "that are present in this axon isolating it.", "fkfQukB4cvk-00150-00041318-00041566": "They will isolate it, so that the electrical information", "fkfQukB4cvk-00151-00041583-00041729": "can travel much faster", "fkfQukB4cvk-00152-00041746-00041982": "in something called saltatory conduction", "fkfQukB4cvk-00153-00042019-00042266": "in these spaces that have no myelin", "fkfQukB4cvk-00154-00042283-00042491": "and, therefore, don't have any Schwann cells", "fkfQukB4cvk-00155-00042508-00042662": "called Ranvier nodes.", "fkfQukB4cvk-00156-00042679-00042913": "This is the general form of a neuron", "fkfQukB4cvk-00157-00042930-00043141": "and it is, in part, its operation.", "fkfQukB4cvk-00158-00043217-00043334": "Here it is again.", "fkfQukB4cvk-00159-00043350-00043577": "Now, this has important implications,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00160-00043594-00043792": "we are saying that inside the soma of the neuron", "fkfQukB4cvk-00161-00043809-00043938": "we have the most of the organelles,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00162-00043954-00044213": "and the core of the rough endoplasmic reticulum, etc.", "fkfQukB4cvk-00163-00044230-00044485": "That means that most of proteins", "fkfQukB4cvk-00164-00044502-00044853": "are produced in the soma, and not here.", "fkfQukB4cvk-00165-00044987-00045328": "However, if the communication with other neurons is here,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00166-00045345-00045587": "this part, where this neuron is,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00167-00045604-00045813": "must secrete the neurotransmitters.", "fkfQukB4cvk-00168-00045959-00046224": "This is a big problem because", "fkfQukB4cvk-00169-00046241-00046462": "if we have all the proteins inside the soma,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00170-00046479-00046944": "we need you them to travel through long distances", "fkfQukB4cvk-00171-00046960-00047321": "to the synaptic space,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00172-00047338-00047629": "to the synaptic cleft and the teledendrites.", "fkfQukB4cvk-00173-00047857-00047990": "How do you do it then?", "fkfQukB4cvk-00174-00048007-00048153": "What is the mechanism that this neuron has", "fkfQukB4cvk-00175-00048170-00048442": "to send everything it needs to the terminal axon", "fkfQukB4cvk-00176-00048459-00048743": "and to, this way, communicate efficiently?", "fkfQukB4cvk-00177-00048760-00048860": "We will have", "fkfQukB4cvk-00178-00048877-00049160": "a specialized transport system in the neurons,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00179-00049177-00049374": "which will mainly happen in the axons,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00180-00049391-00049620": "but the dendrites can also have it", "fkfQukB4cvk-00181-00049636-00049884": "and it will consist of two rails", "fkfQukB4cvk-00182-00049901-00050301": "or two very large transport systems.", "fkfQukB4cvk-00183-00050318-00050503": "One will be the kinesin protein", "fkfQukB4cvk-00184-00050520-00050854": "that will take everything from the soma to the periphery,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00185-00050887-00051248": "and in the opposite direction, we are going to have the dynein.", "fkfQukB4cvk-00186-00051274-00051727": "This dynein is going to send it from the periphery to the soma.", "fkfQukB4cvk-00187-00051815-00051914": "For example,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00188-00051930-00052244": "if we have a neuron that has to produce noradrenaline,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00189-00052261-00052417": "it has to send the enzymes", "fkfQukB4cvk-00190-00052434-00052623": "or it has to send something else,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00191-00052639-00052932": "so that, at this point, noradrenaline is produced.", "fkfQukB4cvk-00192-00052965-00053266": "It produces the enzymes here because here you have all your genes", "fkfQukB4cvk-00193-00053283-00053529": "and you have all your rough endoplasmic reticulum", "fkfQukB4cvk-00194-00053546-00053683": "for protein production,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00195-00053700-00053977": "Stick it on the little train what is the kinesin", "fkfQukB4cvk-00196-00054009-00054351": "and the kinesin takes it away and brings it here,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00197-00054384-00054822": "until it accumulates in this part, and noradrenaline is synthesized", "fkfQukB4cvk-00198-00054848-00055175": "so that later the vesicles, which are also produced", "fkfQukB4cvk-00199-00055191-00055440": "and have to be transported throughout this system,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00200-00055457-00055839": "can capture noradrenaline and then it can be secreted.", "fkfQukB4cvk-00201-00055948-00056235": "On the other hand, when we already have some protein here", "fkfQukB4cvk-00202-00056251-00056537": "that is no longer working and that begins to dysfunction,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00203-00056554-00056816": "we have to take it through the dynein,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00204-00056834-00057024": "so that in this part the lysosomes,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00205-00057041-00057197": "that we already saw in another class,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00206-00057214-00057396": "will degrade these proteins.", "fkfQukB4cvk-00207-00057431-00057578": "This system is also important", "fkfQukB4cvk-00208-00057595-00057791": "because if we we have an accident,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00209-00057808-00058110": "for example, an operation or anything else that happens", "fkfQukB4cvk-00210-00058127-00058292": "and the nerve is cut,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00211-00058404-00058828": "obviously, the part which is distal to the entire soma", "fkfQukB4cvk-00212-00058860-00059181": "is going to die, it is going to disappear completely.", "fkfQukB4cvk-00213-00059281-00059765": "It disappears into something called Wallerian degeneration process.", "fkfQukB4cvk-00214-00059782-00060035": "While the part that is attached to the soma", "fkfQukB4cvk-00215-00060052-00060248": "and all the protein synthesis,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00216-00060264-00060627": "can, not only be repaired, but to generate a new", "fkfQukB4cvk-00217-00060643-00060973": "terminal axon, and repair the nerve again.", "fkfQukB4cvk-00218-00060990-00061258": "The distal part does not regenerate, it has to die", "fkfQukB4cvk-00219-00061275-00061409": "because it doesn't even have the genes", "fkfQukB4cvk-00220-00061425-00061636": "nor the protein production systems,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00221-00061662-00061885": "while the proximal part is in charge of", "fkfQukB4cvk-00222-00061902-00062099": "regenerating the whole nerve", "fkfQukB4cvk-00223-00062116-00062373": "and it will also generate a dysfunction", "fkfQukB4cvk-00224-00062389-00062596": "in this nerve repair system,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00225-00062612-00062899": "many of the problems associated with cutting the nerves,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00226-00062915-00063140": "which we will see in other classes as well.", "fkfQukB4cvk-00227-00063307-00063610": "Now, we are in the terminal axon,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00228-00063627-00063825": "and what we are going to have is a series of vesicles", "fkfQukB4cvk-00229-00063842-00063966": "and  mitochondrias", "fkfQukB4cvk-00230-00063983-00064171": "transported by the kinesin too.", "fkfQukB4cvk-00231-00064188-00064536": "These vesicles recapture or rather capture the neurotransmitter,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00232-00064553-00064969": "and there they accumulate it and when we activate our terminal axon", "fkfQukB4cvk-00233-00064999-00065286": "this vesicle is going to fuse with the membrane", "fkfQukB4cvk-00234-00065303-00065558": "and will allow the exit of the neurotransmitter,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00235-00065575-00065844": "that later will have its elimination mechanisms,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00236-00065861-00066170": "that we have already seen in the neurotransmitter classes.", "fkfQukB4cvk-00237-00066231-00066587": "Needless to say that it is imperative that there is some calcium", "fkfQukB4cvk-00238-00066604-00066758": "so that this vesicle knows", "fkfQukB4cvk-00239-00066775-00067003": "that it has to be merged with the membrane", "fkfQukB4cvk-00240-00067020-00067226": "and release the neurotransmitter to the synaptic space,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00241-00067242-00067640": "to the synaptic cleft in order to activate the post-synaptic neuron.", "fkfQukB4cvk-00242-00067869-00068086": "By studying these shapes", "fkfQukB4cvk-00243-00068103-00068312": "or these specializations of the neurons,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00244-00068329-00068578": "we have four main types of neurons", "fkfQukB4cvk-00245-00068595-00068803": "depending on its function.", "fkfQukB4cvk-00246-00068825-00069256": "We are going to have neurons that are monopolistic like this one,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00247-00069273-00069656": "in which, there's only one thing left from the soma, usually an axon", "fkfQukB4cvk-00248-00069673-00069842": "and the teledendrites.", "fkfQukB4cvk-00249-00069859-00070207": "We are going to have bipolar neurons, in which we have the soma", "fkfQukB4cvk-00250-00070223-00070368": "and we have two protuberances", "fkfQukB4cvk-00251-00070385-00070611": "that are formed in axons or dendrites.", "fkfQukB4cvk-00252-00070628-00071007": "We have the multipolares, which are among the most common,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00253-00071024-00071234": "especially in the central nervous system", "fkfQukB4cvk-00254-00071250-00071481": "and we have the pseudo-unipolar ones, in which one comes out,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00255-00071497-00071640": "but it divides itself in two.", "fkfQukB4cvk-00256-00071656-00071897": "Each one will have specialized functions.", "fkfQukB4cvk-00257-00071913-00072171": "For example, the unipolar", "fkfQukB4cvk-00258-00072205-00072550": "are closely associated to the processes of perception,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00259-00072567-00072798": "for example, on the retina, in the ear,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00260-00072815-00072998": "that we will see with the senses.", "fkfQukB4cvk-00261-00073039-00073302": "Many times, the bipolar neurons are interneuronal,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00262-00073319-00073706": "the multipolares are also used to communicate between many neurons", "fkfQukB4cvk-00263-00073723-00073994": "and the pseudo-unipolar are the ones we have seen", "fkfQukB4cvk-00264-00074010-00074207": "in the peripheral somatosensory systems", "fkfQukB4cvk-00265-00074224-00074354": "that transmit information", "fkfQukB4cvk-00266-00074371-00074610": "from the periphery to the spinal cord.", "fkfQukB4cvk-00267-00074923-00075116": "What is a synapse?", "fkfQukB4cvk-00268-00075133-00075407": "Since we understood more or less what is a neuron,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00269-00075423-00075675": "let's briefly see what a synapse is.", "fkfQukB4cvk-00270-00075692-00075965": "A synapse is  basically the place where", "fkfQukB4cvk-00271-00075982-00076157": "a neuron communicates with another.", "fkfQukB4cvk-00272-00076174-00076465": "We have two special types of synapses,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00273-00076480-00076832": "electrical synapses and chemical synapses.", "fkfQukB4cvk-00274-00076871-00077064": "We already saw this in the class about cellular communication,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00275-00077081-00077206": "I'll only repeat it briefly.", "fkfQukB4cvk-00276-00077223-00077419": "The electrical synapse", "fkfQukB4cvk-00277-00077448-00077929": "is where communication takes place through electrical stimuli", "fkfQukB4cvk-00278-00077946-00078278": "that go through the cytoplasm from one cell to another", "fkfQukB4cvk-00279-00078295-00078664": "because both cytoplasms are connected through some tunnels", "fkfQukB4cvk-00280-00078688-00078982": "as the one that connects London and France", "fkfQukB4cvk-00281-00079018-00079279": "and these tunnels allow direct passage", "fkfQukB4cvk-00282-00079296-00079509": "of these potentials, of these ions", "fkfQukB4cvk-00283-00079550-00079756": "through the connexin protein.", "fkfQukB4cvk-00284-00079950-00080186": "Some important thing about this electrical synapse", "fkfQukB4cvk-00285-00080203-00080376": "is that it is bilateral,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00286-00080392-00080752": "what means ions can either pass  from neuron A to neuron B,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00287-00080768-00081058": "and also from neuron B to neuron A.", "fkfQukB4cvk-00288-00081089-00081411": "Therefore, they are very good, especially in the heart,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00289-00081428-00081692": "for example, that they have to be turned on all at the same time", "fkfQukB4cvk-00290-00081709-00082047": "and as we already mentioned in the class of the electrical potential of the heart,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00291-00082071-00082179": "but they are not as good,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00292-00082196-00082367": "when you need a more important regulation", "fkfQukB4cvk-00293-00082384-00082592": "such as the central nervous system.", "fkfQukB4cvk-00294-00082657-00082933": "Now, if we we would to analyze it electrically,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00295-00082950-00083224": "we would put an electrode in our presynaptic neuron", "fkfQukB4cvk-00296-00083241-00083439": "and in our post-synaptic neuron,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00297-00083456-00083883": "we would see that depolarization, this electrical information", "fkfQukB4cvk-00298-00083900-00084144": "occurs practically immediately.", "fkfQukB4cvk-00299-00084165-00084461": "When the first one enters the potential for action,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00300-00084477-00084734": "the second one does it too, practically immediately", "fkfQukB4cvk-00301-00084751-00085061": "with a delay of less than milliseconds", "fkfQukB4cvk-00302-00085185-00085436": "and it can also be found in the potential for action,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00303-00085453-00085909": "thus generating a synchronized depolarization", "fkfQukB4cvk-00304-00085926-00086224": "and that makes all the neurons work at the same time", "fkfQukB4cvk-00305-00086241-00086565": "and this is because of the flow of potential.", "fkfQukB4cvk-00306-00086615-00086840": "This is especially important in the hypothalamus,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00307-00086857-00086969": "as we will see.", "fkfQukB4cvk-00308-00086985-00087199": "What is the problem or the limitations", "fkfQukB4cvk-00309-00087216-00087352": "does this this system have?", "fkfQukB4cvk-00310-00087369-00087579": "Since it is only a flow of ions,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00311-00087596-00087979": "they depend a lot on the distance that we have", "fkfQukB4cvk-00312-00087996-00088308": "between one cell and the other, they need to be attached, of course,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00313-00088325-00088720": "and also how much this flow is going to be separated.", "fkfQukB4cvk-00314-00088737-00088971": "For example, if we have a neuron", "fkfQukB4cvk-00315-00088988-00089182": "which transmits four ions,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00316-00089199-00089481": "by putting a completely arbitrary number,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00317-00089498-00089800": "and transmits four ions to another neuron that then bifurcates,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00318-00089817-00090156": "and these four ions go to separate paths.", "fkfQukB4cvk-00319-00090195-00090642": "The four ions could depolarize to this first neuron.", "fkfQukB4cvk-00320-00090658-00090908": "Here, we do generate a potential for action.", "fkfQukB4cvk-00321-00090933-00091204": "If we separate the second neuron,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00322-00091221-00091483": "these no longer reach the potential for action.", "fkfQukB4cvk-00323-00091499-00091743": "What have generated an activation in the first one,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00324-00091760-00091957": "won't generate an activation in the second.", "fkfQukB4cvk-00325-00091987-00092364": "This will also be important,  as we'll see the next class,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00326-00092381-00092496": "I hope it will be in the next one,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00327-00092512-00092617": "the class about the axonic cone.", "fkfQukB4cvk-00328-00092634-00092939": "Just remember that when the distance is very long", "fkfQukB4cvk-00329-00092956-00093280": "or when we have to separate these potentials,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00330-00093297-00093621": "the amount of ions lowers, and therefore the potential,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00331-00093638-00093955": "and many times a stimulus that managed to depolarize something,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00332-00093972-00094122": "can be lost, dissipated", "fkfQukB4cvk-00333-00094139-00094408": "and that it is no longer generates that electric message.", "fkfQukB4cvk-00334-00094572-00094884": "Now, when we we have a--", "fkfQukB4cvk-00335-00094909-00095080": "We have already seen this. This is the hypothalamus.", "fkfQukB4cvk-00336-00095097-00095415": "The hypothalamus is the main source of electrical synapses,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00337-00095432-00095570": "even though there are many others.", "fkfQukB4cvk-00338-00095586-00095818": "For example, it is now known than in the motor system,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00339-00095835-00096103": "the electric synapse takes care of the movement.", "fkfQukB4cvk-00340-00096119-00096347": "That's what's interesting about what we will see later.", "fkfQukB4cvk-00341-00096381-00096656": "On the other hand, chemical synapses are, in quotes,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00342-00096673-00096809": "the most advanced ones.", "fkfQukB4cvk-00343-00096825-00097058": "They are more complicated than electrical synapses,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00344-00097075-00097403": "but we've seen them a lot already. It won't be difficult either.", "fkfQukB4cvk-00345-00097431-00097655": "When we measure its voltage", "fkfQukB4cvk-00346-00097672-00097911": "in the presynaptic  and the post-synaptic neurons,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00347-00097946-00098416": "by depolarizing the first, we see a significant delay", "fkfQukB4cvk-00348-00098432-00098747": "in the depolarization of the second, of a few milliseconds.", "fkfQukB4cvk-00349-00098764-00099266": "This is because the ions flow, and depolarize the first neuron,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00350-00099283-00099576": "but as it is very separated, as we already saw it,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00351-00099592-00099948": "all of this potential energy dissipates,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00352-00099965-00100237": "these ions no longer can depolarize the second one.", "fkfQukB4cvk-00353-00100282-00100461": "To depolarize the second neuron,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00354-00100478-00100698": "we need the secretion of a neurotransmitter", "fkfQukB4cvk-00355-00100715-00100971": "and that it fits to their post-synaptic receptors,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00356-00100988-00101255": "as we have seen in the classes about neurotransmitters.", "fkfQukB4cvk-00357-00101342-00101761": "This delay between the first one being depolarized,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00358-00101778-00102015": "the neurotransmitter released and the second to be activated,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00359-00102032-00102335": "is this physiological delay of the synapse.", "fkfQukB4cvk-00360-00102359-00102690": "This is why chemical synapses are slower,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00361-00102707-00103148": "but they are also more efficient as they are modular.", "fkfQukB4cvk-00362-00103164-00103417": "We can better control how much they shoot.", "fkfQukB4cvk-00363-00103434-00103599": "As an example, electrical synapses", "fkfQukB4cvk-00364-00103616-00103755": "are the ones that insects have,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00365-00103772-00103943": "that's why they are so fast", "fkfQukB4cvk-00366-00103960-00104249": "and they react so quickly when we want to crush a fly", "fkfQukB4cvk-00367-00104266-00104387": "and it just flies away.", "fkfQukB4cvk-00368-00104431-00104731": "While our reflexes are much slower", "fkfQukB4cvk-00369-00104748-00104980": "because they are made of chemical synapses,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00370-00104997-00105298": "but again, we have more modulation and more control.", "fkfQukB4cvk-00371-00105431-00105765": "Now, what makes this chemical synapse", "fkfQukB4cvk-00372-00105781-00105905": "secrete this neurotransmitter?", "fkfQukB4cvk-00373-00105921-00106114": "We have seen it already in many of the classes.", "fkfQukB4cvk-00374-00106131-00106367": "We know that the neuron is activated, depolarized", "fkfQukB4cvk-00375-00106384-00106582": "and the vesicle merges into the membrane", "fkfQukB4cvk-00376-00106599-00106878": "and releases this specific neurotransmitter.", "fkfQukB4cvk-00377-00106904-00107061": "How do you do it?", "fkfQukB4cvk-00378-00107096-00107350": "Obviously, we need a specific stimulus,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00379-00107367-00107610": "for this vesicle, filled with the neurotransmitter,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00380-00107627-00107925": "to first capture the neurotransmitter and to be full,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00381-00107955-00108168": "and secondly, to be fused to the membrane", "fkfQukB4cvk-00382-00108185-00108444": "and to release it towards the synaptic cleft.", "fkfQukB4cvk-00383-00108460-00108674": "In the first case, all vesicles", "fkfQukB4cvk-00384-00108691-00108888": "depending on the neuron we are talking about,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00385-00108905-00109279": "have specific recapturing  systems for the neurotransmitters.", "fkfQukB4cvk-00386-00109296-00109466": "To give you just an example,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00387-00109482-00109654": "there is a protein called BMAT,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00388-00109671-00109966": "that is in charge of filling the catecholamines", "fkfQukB4cvk-00389-00109983-00110234": "and the vesicles with, for example, noradrenaline.", "fkfQukB4cvk-00390-00110251-00110615": "Here we have this vesicle full of noradrenaline that is going to wait,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00391-00110632-00110887": "and wait and wait, and it will not be activated.", "fkfQukB4cvk-00392-00110904-00111219": "Suddenly, some lost vesicle that is connected", "fkfQukB4cvk-00393-00111236-00111399": "and it frees up a little bit of a neurotransmitter", "fkfQukB4cvk-00394-00111415-00111636": "before its time was up", "fkfQukB4cvk-00395-00111653-00111964": "and we call this a basal stimulation.", "fkfQukB4cvk-00396-00112083-00112269": "They are called micropotentials", "fkfQukB4cvk-00397-00112306-00112691": "and these micropotentials, if you put an electrode in them,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00398-00112707-00113067": "you will detect that, every hour, our new post-synaptic,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00399-00113084-00113362": "even though you don't do anything to it, it's suddenly going to turn on like this,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00400-00113379-00113678": "with a micropotential, once or twice,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00401-00113695-00113914": "you know that those lost vesicles", "fkfQukB4cvk-00402-00113931-00114147": "connect and release the neurotransmitter,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00403-00114163-00114495": "but, in general, these stimulations are very small.", "fkfQukB4cvk-00404-00114808-00115011": "Now, for us to have", "fkfQukB4cvk-00405-00115028-00115344": "a large quantity release of neurotransmitters", "fkfQukB4cvk-00406-00115360-00115497": "to the synaptic cleft", "fkfQukB4cvk-00407-00115514-00115725": "and therefore to activate enough receptors", "fkfQukB4cvk-00408-00115741-00116044": "to cause depolarization of the post-synaptic membrane,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00409-00116061-00116319": "we need to organize many vesicles.", "fkfQukB4cvk-00410-00116362-00116482": "How does the neuron", "fkfQukB4cvk-00411-00116499-00116772": "organizes all these vesicles?", "fkfQukB4cvk-00412-00116789-00117325": "It has very specific stimulus which are going to be called SNEAR proteins.", "fkfQukB4cvk-00413-00117358-00117521": "These SNEAR proteins", "fkfQukB4cvk-00414-00117537-00117782": "are going to be in these vesicles that we have already mentioned,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00415-00117799-00118086": "they are going to be connected to, for example, synaptobrevin,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00416-00118108-00118372": "and they are going to basically be like the chaperones,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00417-00118389-00118580": "they are going to take them by the hand.", "fkfQukB4cvk-00418-00118596-00118941": "So, when  intracellular calcium increases,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00419-00119032-00119194": "for whatever reason,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00420-00119211-00119666": "this intracellular calcium connects to these SNEAR proteins.", "fkfQukB4cvk-00421-00119695-00120199": "It connects to, for example,  synaptotagmine and synaptobrevin,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00422-00120216-00120613": "and they are going to take it by the hand to the cell membrane.", "fkfQukB4cvk-00423-00120681-00120950": "These SNARE proteins are going to generate a whole complex,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00424-00120966-00121095": "and what this complex will do is,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00425-00121111-00121460": "since we have the calcium, and the synaptotagmine", "fkfQukB4cvk-00426-00121476-00121742": "is going to take it to the membrane, this would be the membrane,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00427-00121759-00121930": "this would be our vesicle", "fkfQukB4cvk-00428-00121946-00122196": "and all these would be the SNARE proteins.", "fkfQukB4cvk-00429-00122222-00122537": "So when we have increased calcium,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00430-00122577-00122796": "that's going to be taken to the membrane,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00431-00122813-00123167": "this whole complex of SNARE proteins will merge,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00432-00123184-00123372": "both membranes are glued together,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00433-00123389-00123690": "that of the vesicle and that of the cell membrane,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00434-00123729-00124062": "and they're going to generate something that is called superpriming", "fkfQukB4cvk-00435-00124078-00124345": "and then it will be merged with the vesicle.", "fkfQukB4cvk-00436-00124362-00124661": "As if it was an egg, the shell of an egg,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00437-00124677-00125009": "they are going to open it, to break it and to fuse it with the vesicle 439 00:20:50,261 --> 00:20:53,599 to release its content towards the synaptic space.", "fkfQukB4cvk-00438-00125376-00125605": "More or less, you don't have to know this,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00439-00125622-00125839": "but five molecules of calcium are necessary", "fkfQukB4cvk-00440-00125856-00126176": "for each molecule or for each SNARE complex", "fkfQukB4cvk-00441-00126193-00126428": "to release the neurotransmitter.", "fkfQukB4cvk-00442-00126646-00126821": "Why is this important?", "fkfQukB4cvk-00443-00126838-00127127": "We have several diseases related to this set", "fkfQukB4cvk-00444-00127144-00127290": "or to this synapse,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00445-00127324-00127513": "among which, for your study,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00446-00127530-00127719": "I will only mention those that are related", "fkfQukB4cvk-00447-00127735-00127938": "in one of the most famous synapses,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00448-00127954-00128145": "the attachment of a motor neuron", "fkfQukB4cvk-00449-00128161-00128603": "with a muscle fiber, the neuromuscular junction.", "fkfQukB4cvk-00450-00128637-00128810": "Here we have, for example,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00451-00128910-00129042": "usually it would be,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00452-00129058-00129365": "once we activate our terminal axon", "fkfQukB4cvk-00453-00129382-00129525": "of the motor neuron,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00454-00129541-00129873": "we will have the voltage-dependent  calcium channels.", "fkfQukB4cvk-00455-00129890-00130068": "When depolarization occurs,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00456-00130087-00130382": "calcium is going in through these channels", "fkfQukB4cvk-00457-00130399-00130711": "and all the vesicles that are close to the membrane", "fkfQukB4cvk-00458-00130728-00131021": "are going to merge and they will release the neurotransmitter.", "fkfQukB4cvk-00459-00131038-00131449": "Which is going to be attached to the acetylcholine receptors,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00460-00131465-00131566": "and to the nicotinic,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00461-00131583-00131947": "they are going to allow sodium to enter and the muscle contracts,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00462-00131993-00132219": "and we move what we want to move", "fkfQukB4cvk-00463-00132236-00132531": "because the acetylcholine came out and activated your receptor.", "fkfQukB4cvk-00464-00132548-00132901": "In the first example on how we can avoid", "fkfQukB4cvk-00465-00132917-00133368": "or how it can disrupt this connection, this synapse.", "fkfQukB4cvk-00466-00133421-00133659": "We have the famous botulinum toxin.", "fkfQukB4cvk-00467-00133676-00133869": "The botulinum toxin,  what it basically does", "fkfQukB4cvk-00468-00133885-00134117": "is that it couples to these SNARE receptors,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00469-00134150-00134483": "which are the ones that merge the vesicles with the membrane", "fkfQukB4cvk-00470-00134500-00134909": "and prevent this vesicle to truly stick to the membrane", "fkfQukB4cvk-00471-00134926-00135116": "and release the neurotransmitter.", "fkfQukB4cvk-00472-00135155-00135627": "These vesicles that are completely unused", "fkfQukB4cvk-00473-00135644-00135852": "can no longer release the acetylcholine,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00474-00135872-00136171": "can no longer activate the acetylcholine receptor", "fkfQukB4cvk-00475-00136205-00136508": "and that muscle is paralyzed and flaccid,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00476-00136525-00136670": "it doesn't even have muscle tone,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00477-00136686-00136919": "because, as you recall the muscle contraction class,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00478-00136936-00137071": "for a muscle to have tone", "fkfQukB4cvk-00479-00137088-00137353": "we need to free the acetylcholine every so often.", "fkfQukB4cvk-00480-00137404-00137668": "When we add botulinum toxin into a muscle,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00481-00137685-00137889": "it becomes completely flaccid", "fkfQukB4cvk-00482-00137906-00138211": "and since the toxin lasts for months, up to six months,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00483-00138228-00138546": "the muscle remains completely flaccid for six months.", "fkfQukB4cvk-00484-00138565-00138873": "It is very bad when  we ingest the botulinum toxin,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00485-00138890-00139119": "for example, from a soda bottle", "fkfQukB4cvk-00486-00139136-00139426": "and we go limp and die", "fkfQukB4cvk-00487-00139467-00139698": "with an intoxication or with botulism.", "fkfQukB4cvk-00488-00139791-00140043": "For example, when we we take the toxin", "fkfQukB4cvk-00489-00140059-00140306": "and we generate a medicine called botox,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00490-00140358-00140550": "we can block", "fkfQukB4cvk-00491-00140583-00141145": "the muscle we want.", "fkfQukB4cvk-00492-00141162-00141369": "This can be used for spasticity,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00493-00141386-00141634": "when a patient has a muscle that is too contracted", "fkfQukB4cvk-00494-00141651-00141875": "because of a stroke or cerebral palsy,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00495-00141892-00142117": "we can block it and make it more flaccid,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00496-00142185-00142448": "or it can also be used for aesthetic purposes.", "fkfQukB4cvk-00497-00142465-00142587": "Women normally used it,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00498-00142604-00142780": "but men apply it too,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00499-00142797-00143048": "to remove wrinkles, to prevent the muscle to become flaccid", "fkfQukB4cvk-00500-00143064-00143408": "and so that the skin is not with those stretch marks", "fkfQukB4cvk-00501-00143425-00143746": "or with those slits which can be ugly.", "fkfQukB4cvk-00502-00143874-00143975": "Not only that,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00503-00143992-00144182": "as the SNARE complex", "fkfQukB4cvk-00504-00144199-00144430": "is used for a large amount synapses,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00505-00144447-00144642": "the botulinum toxin has been used", "fkfQukB4cvk-00506-00144658-00144819": "to block all kinds of synapses.", "fkfQukB4cvk-00507-00144836-00145126": "Not only acetylcholine, but also glutamate, serotonin,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00508-00145143-00145266": "dopamine, etc.", "fkfQukB4cvk-00509-00145283-00145604": "So, it has also been used in painful pathologies.", "fkfQukB4cvk-00510-00145621-00145947": "If, instead of blocking the SNARE of the neuromuscular junction,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00511-00145964-00146426": "you block the glutamate in the spinal cord,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00512-00146443-00146644": "a patient, that is in severe pain", "fkfQukB4cvk-00513-00146660-00146842": "and nothing can lower it,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00514-00146863-00147187": "the pain will down after the application of the botulinum toxin.", "fkfQukB4cvk-00515-00147241-00147524": "Finally, when we are going to operate on someone", "fkfQukB4cvk-00516-00147541-00147691": "and that person needs to be paralyzed,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00517-00147708-00147905": "usually we don't use botulinum toxin,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00518-00147922-00148147": "but we can use other medications", "fkfQukB4cvk-00519-00148164-00148397": "that work in a similar way.", "fkfQukB4cvk-00520-00148517-00148937": "Another problem we may have is with two important diseases,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00521-00148956-00149126": "one is called myasthenia gravis,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00522-00149143-00149412": "this myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disease.", "fkfQukB4cvk-00523-00149428-00149584": "We generate antibodies,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00524-00149601-00149964": "our immune system attacks our acetylcholine receptors", "fkfQukB4cvk-00525-00149981-00150478": "and as much as our motor neuron releases acetylcholine,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00526-00150495-00150771": "this cannot be connected to the acetylcholine receptor", "fkfQukB4cvk-00527-00150788-00151007": "and the muscle cannot be moved.", "fkfQukB4cvk-00528-00151087-00151410": "We are basically paralyzed by our immune system", "fkfQukB4cvk-00529-00151427-00151637": "due to the acetylcholine receptor.", "fkfQukB4cvk-00530-00151656-00151854": "On the other hand, other autoimmune disease", "fkfQukB4cvk-00531-00151871-00152122": "is the Lambert Eaton Syndrome.", "fkfQukB4cvk-00532-00152148-00152291": "This Lambert Eaton Syndrome", "fkfQukB4cvk-00533-00152308-00152541": "doesn't block the acetylcholine receptor", "fkfQukB4cvk-00534-00152558-00152682": "that is in the muscle,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00535-00152698-00153078": "but the calcium channel that would allow what we have already seen,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00536-00153095-00153576": "that those SNEAR proteins could attach and release the neurotransmitter", "fkfQukB4cvk-00537-00153593-00153738": "to the neuromuscular junction.", "fkfQukB4cvk-00538-00153754-00154028": "The Lambert Eaton Syndrome is blocked.", "fkfQukB4cvk-00539-00154045-00154464": "There is an antibody that blocks this calcium channel,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00540-00154515-00154661": "and by blocking the calcium channel,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00541-00154678-00154959": "we also block the fusion of the vesicles.", "fkfQukB4cvk-00542-00154975-00155133": "Here is the calcium channel.", "fkfQukB4cvk-00543-00155150-00155319": "We have blocked the fusion of the vesicles", "fkfQukB4cvk-00544-00155336-00155555": "and we can no longer secrete neurotransmitters,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00545-00155572-00155931": "but we have also generated a paralysis that can kill this person.", "fkfQukB4cvk-00546-00155948-00156090": "To review more about this topic,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00547-00156107-00156424": "I suggest you check out an Wikipedia article called Neuron.", "fkfQukB4cvk-00548-00156441-00156610": "It's very good, very complete.", "fkfQukB4cvk-00549-00156632-00157332": "And also Kandell, chapter two about nerve cells and behavior,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00550-00157369-00157725": "and the Basic Neurochemistry by Dr. Siegel's is very good too.", "fkfQukB4cvk-00551-00157742-00158046": "Here you can get much more information, for those interested.", "fkfQukB4cvk-00552-00158063-00158265": "Well, this was it for today's class.", "fkfQukB4cvk-00553-00158376-00158553": "As you know, any doubt, any comment,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00554-00158570-00158760": "leave it in the comments. Don't forget to subscribe,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00555-00158777-00158934": "and, as always, help us change the world,", "fkfQukB4cvk-00556-00158951-00159119": "share the information."}}, {"audio_id": "fkzS04MUEkY", "text": {"fkzS04MUEkY-00000-00000141-00000864": "In Europe, around 37 million women have used an illicit drug at least once in their lifetime.", "fkzS04MUEkY-00001-00000864-00001670": "Around 100 000 enter drug treatment every year and nearly 2 000 die from drug overdose.", "fkzS04MUEkY-00002-00001670-00002161": "Over the last decade, the gender gap has been narrowing among young school students who", "fkzS04MUEkY-00003-00002161-00002362": "use drugs.", "fkzS04MUEkY-00004-00002362-00002862": "Women only represent a fifth of clients in specialised drug treatment, but their problems", "fkzS04MUEkY-00005-00002862-00003345": "are often more complex than for men: They tend to progress faster towards addiction;", "fkzS04MUEkY-00006-00003345-00003661": "a phenomenon known as “telescoping”.", "fkzS04MUEkY-00007-00003661-00004189": "They go through more severe withdrawal symptoms and report higher levels of depression and", "fkzS04MUEkY-00008-00004189-00004347": "anxiety.", "fkzS04MUEkY-00009-00004347-00004879": "Women often start using drugs through a drug using male partner, and are more likely to", "fkzS04MUEkY-00010-00004879-00005230": "share needles and other equipment with their partner.", "fkzS04MUEkY-00011-00005230-00005842": "In general, women are likely to have fewer socio-economic resources — this is even", "fkzS04MUEkY-00012-00005842-00006082": "more the case for women who use drugs.", "fkzS04MUEkY-00013-00006082-00006627": "They experience more stigma, because they may be perceived as contravening their roles", "fkzS04MUEkY-00014-00006627-00006934": "as mothers and caregivers.", "fkzS04MUEkY-00015-00006934-00007411": "Some groups of women have specific needs, such as pregnant and parenting women, women", "fkzS04MUEkY-00016-00007411-00007853": "from ethnic minorities, women in prison and those involved in sex work.", "fkzS04MUEkY-00017-00007853-00008449": "A specific drug related issue for women is intimate violence and drug-facilitated sexual", "fkzS04MUEkY-00018-00008449-00008960": "assaults, which has serious psychological and social consequences.", "fkzS04MUEkY-00019-00008960-00009386": "Services for women with drug use problems need to address these unique concerns.", "fkzS04MUEkY-00020-00009386-00009937": "They need to be welcoming, non-judgemental, supportive and physically and emotionally", "fkzS04MUEkY-00021-00009937-00010037": "safe.", "fkzS04MUEkY-00022-00010037-00010565": "To reach this, -women who use drugs need to be fully involved", "fkzS04MUEkY-00023-00010565-00010811": "in the planning, and development of policies and services;", "fkzS04MUEkY-00024-00010811-00011307": "the staff recruited in drug services need to have appropriate attitudes, knowledge and", "fkzS04MUEkY-00025-00011307-00011746": "skills; services need to be well coordinated and integrated", "fkzS04MUEkY-00026-00011746-00012294": "to address different issues such as mental health, pregnancy and childcare.", "fkzS04MUEkY-00027-00012294-00012810": "and monitoring and research needs to consider the gender dimension to optimise effective", "fkzS04MUEkY-00028-00012810-00013306": "responses for women with drug-related problems."}}, {"audio_id": "fkK1b5P1ECu", "text": {"fkK1b5P1ECu-00000-00000064-00000768": "there has been so many hits today, and i hit myself 55 000 times today.", "fkK1b5P1ECu-00001-00000848-00001552": "and that was only just the last five hours, and it's starting to hurt so much. my arms", "fkK1b5P1ECu-00002-00001552-00002136": "also got tired, and i don't think that 100 000 is as easy as i thought. it would be", "fkK1b5P1ECu-00003-00002248-00003720": "at first, you might think it's easy, then it was a little ignored, and it must be a lot more painful."}}, {"audio_id": "fkMmAzoWWcM", "text": {"fkMmAzoWWcM-00000-00000017-00000117": "Hello, everyone.", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00001-00000117-00000217": "I AM HAY.", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00002-00000217-00000908": "Today, I'm going to play my portfolio site production story that took about a month.", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00003-00000908-00001535": "I made this video because I wanted to introduce what I've done so far by looking around the", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00004-00001535-00001641": "difficulties I've experienced while making this site.", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00005-00001641-00001741": "…", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00006-00001741-00001920": "I think people like me who are not familiar with coding may have the same problem while", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00007-00001920-00002183": "making a website From purchasing the domain to how to handle", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00008-00002183-00002644": "Cargo CARGO, an overseas website production service I used, I have prepared some tips,", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00009-00002644-00003026": "so I would appreciate it if you could watch until the end.", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00010-00003026-00003761": "I told you earlier that it took about a month to produce the web, but I think it took less", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00011-00003761-00003976": "than two weeks to actually concentrate on organizing my work.", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00012-00003976-00004517": "It's because I don't start the engine well, I have to do it.", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00013-00004517-00005005": "I tend to make a sudden leap when I decide, so it took about a week.", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00014-00005005-00005530": "Nevertheless, the reason why I described it as a month was because I had a lot of trouble", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00015-00005530-00006191": "buying the domain from Gavia, a domestic site, not Cargo, and connecting it to Cargo, so", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00016-00006191-00006369": "I couldn't make any progress.", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00017-00006369-00006792": "It's been an opportunity to put all the things you didn't want to archive on the site, but...", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00018-00006792-00006892": "(It's better)", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00019-00006892-00007423": "Since I'm not a computer science major, it's been a painful few weeks because it's hard", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00020-00007423-00007602": "to identify the cause of defeat.", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00021-00007602-00008104": "If there is anyone who came to this video while searching for the same problem, I hope", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00022-00008104-00008204": "it helps.", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00023-00008204-00008606": "I was able to make the web in a week because I've been studying how to handle HTML and", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00024-00008606-00009078": "css through an Internet lecture service called Code It since the end of last year, and the", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00025-00009078-00009858": "main tasks I want to put on the front page of my portfolio were already archived and", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00026-00009858-00010111": "organized to some extent through Adobe's website called Vindance.", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00027-00010111-00010479": "So I focused on creating forms and grammar on my website and effectively placing tasks", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00028-00010479-00010579": "here through the cargo.", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00029-00010579-00011143": "I majored in product design at university, but I have little intention of working as", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00030-00011143-00011640": "a designer in a company or studio, so my website is not a job portal site, but rather a collection", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00031-00011640-00011989": "of personal or commercial photographs and some design findings that I've taken.", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00032-00011989-00012203": "In particular, whenever I applied or received an outsourcing call that needed a photographer", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00033-00012203-00012502": "urgently, it was time consuming and really inconvenient to send a new PDF portfolio.", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00034-00012502-00012809": "I've actually experienced things coming in and being canceled before sending you a portfolio.", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00035-00012809-00013316": "I wasn't a livelihood photographer because I was a college student, but I think it was", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00036-00013316-00013652": "too silly to throw away any opportunity with my own hands.", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00037-00013652-00013878": "By comparison, the website portfolio simply sends a link anytime, anywhere.", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00038-00013878-00014193": "It's been about a year and a half since I graduated, and now I have the strength to", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00039-00014193-00014293": "organize Popol.", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00040-00014293-00014670": "Right after graduation, I didn't want to look back at my work in the aftermath of a year", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00041-00014670-00014843": "of suffering during the graduation exhibition...", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00042-00014843-00015354": "But before my memories are all over the place, I have to make a website that organizes all", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00043-00015354-00015666": "the things I did in college I thought about it.", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00044-00015666-00015835": "I bought the domain in advance.", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00045-00015835-00016268": "Iamhay.online, which always appears on my channel intro, is now the website address!", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00046-00016268-00016690": "I'd appreciate it if you could visit and see for yourself.", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00047-00016690-00016790": ":)", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00048-00016790-00017220": "Since I understand my work the best, I made it focusing on \"Let's make it as fun and as", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00049-00017220-00017445": "myself as possible\" while maintaining some grammar within the site.", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00050-00017445-00017634": "I'll start with the website <Production Process>.", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00051-00017634-00018140": "First of all, if you go into the cargo.site, you can see the various official websites", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00052-00018140-00018376": "that were created and actually used through the cargo.", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00053-00018376-00018838": "I think they promoted that they can make this sophisticated website into a cargo without", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00054-00018838-00019059": "having to code it or leave it to the company.", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00055-00019059-00019566": "The website of RISD, a famous art college in the U.S., is also said to have been created", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00056-00019566-00020019": "by Cargo, and ROMBAUT Lombaugh, a pretty famous designer shoe brand, has also made an official", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00057-00020019-00020190": "site that allows you to shop.", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00058-00020190-00020709": "It is said that you can make a shopping mall in Cargo for only $66 a year or $9 a month.", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00059-00020709-00021058": "Of course, in Korea, it may be better to use domestic services such as credit cards or", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00060-00021058-00021410": "Cafe 24, which is convenient to link the domestic payment system.", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00061-00021410-00022057": "I think cargo is definitely specialized for people who don't have depth in coding and", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00062-00022057-00022560": "web design to create sites quickly and hip, in my life.", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00063-00022560-00023051": "I finished looking around the reference site Press Get Started to move on to selecting", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00064-00023051-00023151": "a template.", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00065-00023151-00023618": "You can choose a variety of website templates that fit your purpose in the cargo.site/Templates.", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00066-00023618-00023718": "1.", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00067-00023718-00023977": "You can choose the template style by looking at the wireframe consisting of dummy text", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00068-00023977-00024077": "and image box", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00069-00024077-00024177": "2.", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00070-00024177-00024529": "You can also choose from the example content that is filled.", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00071-00024529-00025120": "However, in this case, it may be more troublesome because I have to replace or remove the inserted", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00072-00025120-00025398": "files such as photos one by one after the selection.", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00073-00025398-00025897": "In my case, when I made a temporary website in a hurry right after graduation, I tried", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00074-00025897-00026250": "the second method, so this time, I chose the first method based on my growing understanding", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00075-00026250-00026380": "of the web.", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00076-00026380-00026756": "For your information, the wireframe number I chose is 401.", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00077-00026756-00027344": "I often go to foreign photographers' websites, but I don't like the main page with just one", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00078-00027344-00027444": "photo?", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00079-00027444-00028616": "To suit my personality, I wanted to have a lot of work on display in the main.", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00080-00028616-00028925": "I wish there was a summary of this right next to it.", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00081-00028925-00029356": "Portfolio sites are not meant to buy anything or to get useful information, so we wanted", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00082-00029356-00029812": "to reduce the number of clicks as much as possible to reduce the rate of departure.", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00083-00029812-00030572": "Even if I didn't press a few buttons, I thought it would be better to show you the various", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00084-00030572-00030899": "tasks I made and show my identity and character at a glance.", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00085-00030899-00031340": "If you choose a template, you can check the form to the bottom of the scroll, and if you", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00086-00031340-00031531": "do, press the Start with this Template button to make it.", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00087-00031531-00031747": "The default url address is absolutely something.It is set to cargo.site.", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00088-00031747-00032596": "So in my case, I designated it as Iamhay.cargo.site, and I wrote down the name of the site as Iamhay.online.", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00089-00032596-00032874": "Same as the paid domain to connect later.", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00090-00032874-00033341": "You can modify it in the settings afterwards, so you can choose it comfortably.", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00091-00033341-00033680": "This will now create the iamhay.cargo.site/admin admin admin.", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00092-00033680-00034234": "Here, you can check the website that applies right away with the editing widget on the", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00093-00034234-00034872": "right, and now you can create a website by filling in the pictures and filling in the", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00094-00034872-00034972": "contents.", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00095-00034972-00035377": "It was a little less difficult to decorate homepages like Cyworld or blogs:)", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00096-00035377-00035877": "The widgets that edit websites are divided into Content and Design tabs, and if you press", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00097-00035877-00036128": "one by one, it will be easier to understand.", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00098-00036128-00036458": "I'll show you the main page first.", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00099-00036458-00036909": "First of all, based on the home logo 'iamhay' located in the middle, we created three categories:", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00100-00036909-00037187": "About, Works, and Shop on the left.", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00101-00037187-00037472": "About simply leads to a page that introduces me.", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00102-00037472-00037756": "I wrote down my educational background, exhibition experience, and contact information.", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00103-00037756-00038237": "I want to be a person who has a long career.", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00104-00038237-00038794": "If you click Works, all my work that I've organized is categorized.", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00105-00038794-00039221": "The work is mainly archived with photographs that have been taken since college age, and", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00106-00039221-00039637": "some are design work related to branding, services, graphics, and video.", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00107-00039637-00040509": "In the shop, I organized the links where I can buy the goods that I produce and sell", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00108-00040509-00040609": "myself.", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00109-00040609-00041049": "Online, we are selling ice phone cases and smart talk through our personal Naver Smart", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00110-00041049-00041627": "Store, and we are going to sell tutti frutti posters at an artistic lifestyle shop called", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00111-00041627-00041727": "Viatude.", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00112-00041727-00041880": "(Please show a lot of interest) …", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00113-00041880-00042469": "Offline, 291 Photographs located on the 5th floor of Lotte World Tower in Jamsil and Camera", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00114-00042469-00042787": "Walk located on the 1st basement floor of The Hyundai Seoul in Yeouido are selling good", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00115-00042787-00043234": "goods postcards, so I only linked the location to Google Maps.", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00116-00043234-00043884": "I hope I can continue to have more opportunities to sell my goods in various places.", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00117-00043884-00044527": "It's a website that doesn't have to have many categories, so we ended the three categories", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00118-00044527-00045324": "On the right, there are four SNS types that I usually communicate with, such as Vissance,", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00119-00045324-00045596": "Pinterest, YouTube, and Instagram, which are arranged as icons.", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00120-00045596-00045871": "You can enter my account right away by pressing each icon.", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00121-00045871-00046222": "This icon was also provided by Cargo to help design it to look neat.", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00122-00046222-00046402": "If you go back home through the logo, it consists of four projects selected during my work and", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00123-00046402-00046675": "a one-line introduction that links to the About page.", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00124-00046675-00046971": "I'll introduce this first and tell you what I focused on.", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00125-00046971-00047153": "Page 1 : project 00 tutti frutti", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00126-00047153-00047644": "First of all, I put a photo project named Tutti Frutti, which was the reason why I started", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00127-00047644-00048050": "YouTube, as the most recent work, on the main website.", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00128-00048050-00048666": "As it was my first work since graduation, I wanted to empty my mind and do a project", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00129-00048666-00048766": "on intuitive and pretty pictures.", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00130-00048766-00049172": "In the main, I wrote down a brief summary of the project and the contents of the exhibition", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00131-00049172-00049293": "in Insa-dong in text.", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00132-00049293-00049668": "I decorated it like this now, but I'm going to change it again when I have a new project", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00133-00049668-00049768": "later!", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00134-00049768-00050085": "I always thought it would be better to put up the most recent work.", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00135-00050085-00050477": "Backdrop uses the Ripples effect on the beach photos taken in Thailand to give a visual", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00136-00050477-00050887": "effect as if the fruit were refrigerated.", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00137-00050887-00051257": "Of course, it is best to make a final decision on selecting a suitable background by putting", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00138-00051257-00051411": "pictures, colors, and giving them effects.", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00139-00051411-00051837": "And I have an internal link to the See in this Website from my website to Tutti Frutti,", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00140-00051837-00052426": "and an external link to the same project post I posted on Vivance and Pinterest.", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00141-00052426-00052707": "The same grammar was applied to the projects posted on Main 2, 3, and 4.", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00142-00052707-00053155": "Since it's a portfolio site, I wanted to be free to travel inside and outside the site.", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00143-00053155-00053355": "I appreciate your visit to my website, but it's got good views It's helpful to get attention", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00144-00053355-00053457": "on sites like Vivisance, where the number accumulates.", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00145-00053457-00053599": "(3 seconds to promote SNS)", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00146-00053599-00053700": "Page 2 : Project 01 good goods", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00147-00053700-00054148": "When I scroll down a little bit on the main page, I put Good Goods on the second task.", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00148-00054148-00054579": "Project Goods was the first individual project that I implemented on my senior year in 2020,", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00149-00054579-00055150": "and it was the first project that I created independently in addition to the given assignment.", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00150-00055150-00055476": "Fortunately, Your Mind was given the opportunity to present at the Unlimited Edition, Seoul's", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00151-00055476-00055957": "largest art book fair, which is hosted annually by a local publishing company, and described", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00152-00055957-00056144": "its related experiences together.", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00153-00056144-00056520": "Of course, I've linked it to each site.", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00154-00056520-00056932": "It is an event held every year at the Seoul Buk City Museum of Art and I applied because", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00155-00056932-00057370": "I enjoyed the experience of visiting before I participated as a seller (and make sure", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00156-00057370-00057767": "to eat the new house seafood stew kalguksu…)Due to the COVID-19 issue, I was sorry to participate", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00157-00057767-00058113": "in the year held as an online event.", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00158-00058113-00058764": "It will be held again at the North Seoul Museum of Art from this year, so I applied as a seller,", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00159-00058764-00059076": "but I'm going to go play even if it's not selected.", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00160-00059076-00059470": "Backdrop used gradient effect to theme it in yellow, and my images, which were actually", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00161-00059470-00060089": "made with stickers, were overlayed and made as if there were a lot of stickers on the", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00162-00060089-00060189": "website.", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00163-00060189-00060289": "Page 3 : Project 02 NIKE", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00164-00060289-00060458": "The third project I introduced describes the experience of producing promotional videos", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00165-00060458-00060927": "in stores promoting the re-release of Nike Air Max 95OG Neon's 25th anniversary retro", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00166-00060927-00061128": "edition, collaborating with Nike Sneakers Hongdae.", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00167-00061128-00061423": "It is a project that was carried out in my major class at the industry-academic level", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00168-00061423-00061544": "of the school and region.", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00169-00061544-00062322": "Cargo doesn't have the ability to embed videos on the web, so I linked the video results", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00170-00062322-00062973": "uploaded on YouTube and Vimeo, and I made it possible for the website to be delivered", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00171-00062973-00063261": "as a gif file as much as possible.", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00172-00063261-00063795": "I can modify the code directly through CODE VIEW, so I will try to embed it myself later.", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00173-00063795-00063895": "+ It's embedded!", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00174-00063895-00063995": "It's easy.", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00175-00063995-00064470": "If you go into CODE VIEW, you'll see the text I typed in the middle of the code.", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00176-00064470-00065072": "In the order you want to put the video in, you can click Share on YouTube and copy and", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00177-00065072-00065263": "insert the code for the scoop.", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00178-00065263-00065425": "Page 4 : Project 03 HaMP", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00179-00065425-00065652": "My last work introduced my graduation work.", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00180-00065652-00066194": "It is not a photography major, so the department of industrial design focused on branding and", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00181-00066194-00066470": "service design, but I participated in the 2020 graduation exhibition of Hongik University's", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00182-00066470-00066751": "Department of Industrial Design by creating a self-photo booth brand that can take long-exposed", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00183-00066751-00066851": "pictures.", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00184-00066851-00067163": "I have linked the related video and the homepage of the graduation exhibition.", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00185-00067163-00067720": "At the end, there is a summary introduction page that connects to the About page.", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00186-00067720-00068558": "It was originally provided as dummy text, but I liked it, so I changed the text to suit", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00187-00068558-00068658": "the information.", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00188-00068658-00069135": "And I added a copy light to the footer.", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00189-00069135-00069552": "At least the copyright is protected, but I put it in as a design element.", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00190-00069552-00070301": "Footer is a friend who follows you like a foot at the end of any page on the website.", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00191-00070301-00070860": "In the case of shopping mall sites, things to specify business information are usually", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00192-00070860-00070960": "included here.", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00193-00070960-00071926": "So I scroll down, and I'm done with the main page, where I can see all kinds of my main", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00194-00071926-00072449": "projects at a glance.", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00195-00072449-00072975": "And I organized the tasks in the WORKS category as if they were uploading them to the non-performance.", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00196-00072975-00073408": "First of all, there were five major divisions, and at the top, we organized the photos by", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00197-00073408-00073689": "dividing them into Personal, which introduces personal photography projects, and Commercial,", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00198-00073689-00073870": "which have photography projects that have been collaborated or after commercial contracts.", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00199-00073870-00074254": "I originally organized it into two major categories because I thought it wouldn't look organized", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00200-00074254-00074798": "if there were too many, but there were so many activities that it was difficult to classify", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00201-00074798-00074938": "them all based on this standard.", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00202-00074938-00075573": "So, I made a fashion category based on the photos that I took for fashion brands, and", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00203-00075573-00076069": "at the same time, I categorized the photos that I took for person-oriented magazine snapshots", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00204-00076069-00076258": "and body profiles into Portraits categories.", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00205-00076258-00076674": "At the end, I made a separate category of Hongik University, which summarizes my graduation", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00206-00076674-00076927": "work in the university, photos of other students' assignments and works, and club activities.", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00207-00076927-00077264": "I hope the Yale School of Art category can be added underneath in two years.", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00208-00077264-00077668": "Some individual projects have been planned, but only pages have been created with Work", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00209-00077668-00077884": "in Process written on them, not yet completed.", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00210-00077884-00079386": "In addition to the main projects I explained to you, I have posted various works, so I", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00211-00079386-00080307": "would appreciate it if you could take a look.", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00212-00080307-00080849": "★ Welcome to point out typos or errors ★", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00213-00080849-00081369": "And it's about the most difficult domain connectivity problem.", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00214-00081369-00082838": "It's not this difficult, but we really solved it in", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00215-00082838-00082976": "a roundabout way.", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00216-00082976-00083519": "You can also purchase a domain or address within the original cargo.", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00217-00083519-00084398": "If you buy it at the cargo, you don't have to connect it in a complicated way, right?", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00218-00084398-00085623": "But the domain address I was trying to use was much cheaper to buy from a domestic domain", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00219-00085623-00086408": "sales site than from Cargo, so I bought iamhay.online from Gabia, a domestic site, with confidence", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00220-00086408-00086857": "that I could connect quickly if I was told.", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00221-00086857-00087074": "(The Beginning of Tragedy)", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00222-00087074-00088107": "There is a simple guide on how to connect even if you purchase a domain from a site", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00223-00088107-00089169": "other than Cargo, and I thought I should read and follow this…", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00224-00089169-00089463": "But it didn't work out crying", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00225-00089463-00090074": "\"The Answer\" is as follows, after doing this and that alone for three weeks, and finally", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00226-00090074-00090611": "asking the computer engineer of the same school to solve it.", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00227-00090611-00090711": "1.", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00228-00090711-00091945": "Enter the DNS setting of the domain iamhay.online purchased from Gabia and set it to Host:www", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00229-00091945-00092045": "value/location:iamhay.cargocollective.com.", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00230-00092045-00092145": "with the CNAME record.", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00231-00092145-00092245": "You can just leave the TTL at 600.", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00232-00092245-00092345": "2.", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00233-00092345-00092445": "Go to the administration page of Cargo, i.e. https://iamhay.cargo.site/admin/settings,", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00234-00092445-00093148": "press the wheel shape, and type www.iamhay.online in the input box that appears when you press", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00235-00093148-00094038": "the small arrow in front of the Connecting an Existing Domain Name.", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00236-00094038-00094138": "3.", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00237-00094138-00095342": "If the domain I purchased is successfully recognized on the cargo side, the yellow message", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00238-00095342-00095723": "This domain needs to be configured for use on Cargo 2: appears.", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00239-00095723-00096644": "And when I press Settings tab > Cargo Account Setting > DNS Manager, I see Iamhay.online", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00240-00096644-00096776": "in the list.", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00241-00096776-00097362": "If the connection fails, I can't see anything on the list here, so please refer to it when", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00242-00097362-00097655": "checking if it's okay.", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00243-00097655-00097755": "… 4.", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00244-00097755-00098516": "You can go back to Gabia and change the domain name server from Gabia to Cargo.", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00245-00098516-00099177": "Delete all existing Gabia name servers, write down ns1.cargocollective.com in the first", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00246-00099177-00099504": "and ns2.cargocollective.com in the second.", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00247-00099504-00099789": "Leave blank from the third round.", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00248-00099789-00099889": "5.", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00249-00099889-00100458": "Changing the name server takes up to 48 hours, so you can wait and do something else, and", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00250-00100458-00101167": "finally check if you can access the address Iamhay.online in the address box I want!", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00251-00101167-00101387": "It's a very simple thing.", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00252-00101387-00102126": "I don't know the exact cause, but Cargo changed the value/position of the CNAME type several", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00253-00102126-00102477": "times and the guide didn't change, so people like me who follow the manual without understanding", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00254-00102477-00102577": "can never succeed.", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00255-00102577-00103000": "Also, when I changed the name server to Cargo first, I kept failing, so please pay attention", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00256-00103000-00103100": "to the order.", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00257-00103100-00103466": "There are many people who can recognize the name server of the purchased domain even if", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00258-00103466-00103682": "it is changed to Cargo, so I think my case was really unlucky.", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00259-00103682-00103885": "Before the computer engineer helped me, I was looking for solutions like crazy and saw", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00260-00103885-00104250": "a blog post from an art college friend, who said that in 2016 DNS settings connected the", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00261-00104250-00104513": "cargo IP address to A record, and it worked.", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00262-00104513-00104613": "https://blog.naver.com/1991stnoel/220874968424", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00263-00104613-00105003": "When I googled, the cargo IP address was really right, so I tried this method, but I failed", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00264-00105003-00105103": "even this…", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00265-00105103-00105649": "For those of you like me who can't try all the ways that exist on the Internet, I hope", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00266-00105649-00105934": "the methods I told you can help.", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00267-00105934-00106345": "I wrote the explanation completely because I thought it would be confusing if I put subdomain", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00268-00106345-00106750": "or sample in it, so it would be easy to understand if you replace the \"iamhay\" part with the", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00269-00106750-00106850": "value you set.", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00270-00106850-00107451": "If you have any more questions, please let me know in the comments.", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00271-00107451-00108491": "I'm not a major either, so I'm not good enough, but I'll help you as much as I can from my", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00272-00108491-00108593": "experience.", "fkMmAzoWWcM-00273-00108593-00108798": "Then bye!"}}, {"audio_id": "fkP39nGHGF8", "text": {"fkP39nGHGF8-00000-00000031-00000261": "PLC – Real Time Clock Using time functions in the GS4’s built", "fkP39nGHGF8-00001-00000261-00000450": "in PLC is easy.", "fkP39nGHGF8-00002-00000450-00001017": "You can read the time, compare the time, Add time, subtract time, and even compare if something", "fkP39nGHGF8-00003-00001017-00001288": "happened during a block or zone of time.", "fkP39nGHGF8-00004-00001288-00001388": "Note that you can’t change the time from the PLC.", "fkP39nGHGF8-00005-00001388-00001734": "A nd there are simple examples of all of those in the examples folder.", "fkP39nGHGF8-00006-00001734-00002138": "There are a few things you need to know before using the PLC’s time functions so let’s", "fkP39nGHGF8-00007-00002138-00002621": "bring up the TRD example program so we can see those in action.", "fkP39nGHGF8-00008-00002621-00003281": "This program simply reads the time from the drive into 6 registers starting at D20.", "fkP39nGHGF8-00009-00003281-00003775": "Check the com settings – check the com port – looks good – and the rest of these are", "fkP39nGHGF8-00010-00003775-00003972": "correct for my system.", "fkP39nGHGF8-00011-00003972-00004191": "Write the program to the PLC in the drive.", "fkP39nGHGF8-00012-00004191-00004625": "It’s warning me that I have a program running, that’s fine I know that .. and yes I do", "fkP39nGHGF8-00013-00004625-00004820": "want to return to run mode.", "fkP39nGHGF8-00014-00004820-00005247": "If you aren’t in run mode, then go ahead and do that now by clicking here.", "fkP39nGHGF8-00015-00005247-00005680": "If we open a monitor window we see that this example already has the registers populated", "fkP39nGHGF8-00016-00005680-00005786": "for us.", "fkP39nGHGF8-00017-00005786-00006097": "Let me re-arrange that so we can see it and the ladder code.", "fkP39nGHGF8-00018-00006097-00006551": "And let’s add M0 so we can enable the TRD instruction.", "fkP39nGHGF8-00019-00006551-00006967": "Again, make sure you are on line and the drive is in RUN mode.", "fkP39nGHGF8-00020-00006967-00007364": "The first thing to understand is TIME IS STORED IN THE KEYPAD.", "fkP39nGHGF8-00021-00007364-00007972": "The drive watches the Keypad and if it sees a change uses that to update the time it maintains", "fkP39nGHGF8-00022-00007972-00008146": "locally in the drive.", "fkP39nGHGF8-00023-00008146-00008457": "Let’s take a look at how that impacts things.", "fkP39nGHGF8-00024-00008457-00008937": "Here are the 6 registers the Time Read instruction is going to fill and we can see they are not", "fkP39nGHGF8-00025-00008937-00009371": "getting updated right now because we haven’t enabled the Time Read instruction with this", "fkP39nGHGF8-00026-00009371-00009602": "M0 contact yet.", "fkP39nGHGF8-00027-00009602-00010059": "But if we look down here, we see a set of Special Function Registers that also have", "fkP39nGHGF8-00028-00010059-00010357": "the time data and they ARE getting updated.", "fkP39nGHGF8-00029-00010357-00010822": "So … do we really need to use the TRD instruction to get time information?", "fkP39nGHGF8-00030-00010822-00011353": "Not really, because the GS4 Drive automatically puts the current time information in these", "fkP39nGHGF8-00031-00011353-00011860": "special function registers so the PLC can just read whichever time element it wants", "fkP39nGHGF8-00032-00011860-00012313": "whenever it wants without having to mess with the TRD instruction.", "fkP39nGHGF8-00033-00012313-00012710": "If we do turn on M0 – I’m going to toggle the on-line button so that shows up on the", "fkP39nGHGF8-00034-00012710-00013355": "ladder diagram - we see the seconds D register is now getting updated by the TRD instruction.", "fkP39nGHGF8-00035-00013355-00014031": "If I turn M0 off, the seconds D register stops getting updated, but the special function", "fkP39nGHGF8-00036-00014031-00014297": "register does continue to get updated.", "fkP39nGHGF8-00037-00014297-00014804": "If I re-enable M0, then the Seconds D register picks up the CURRENT time – exactly what", "fkP39nGHGF8-00038-00014804-00014994": "we expect.", "fkP39nGHGF8-00039-00014994-00015478": "If I stop the PLC, the monitor window stops getting updated of course, but as soon as", "fkP39nGHGF8-00040-00015478-00015929": "I put the PLC back in RUN mode, we see the special function register starts updating", "fkP39nGHGF8-00041-00015929-00016498": "again and it is with the correct current time because the clock continues to be updated", "fkP39nGHGF8-00042-00016498-00016747": "even while the PLC is stopped.", "fkP39nGHGF8-00043-00016747-00017017": "Ok, that all makes sense.", "fkP39nGHGF8-00044-00017017-00017178": "Here is the thing you need to remember.", "fkP39nGHGF8-00045-00017178-00017403": "Let’s pull the keypad out.", "fkP39nGHGF8-00046-00017403-00017640": "Look, the time is still getting updated.", "fkP39nGHGF8-00047-00017640-00017740": "Why?", "fkP39nGHGF8-00048-00017740-00018218": "Well, again, because the drive maintains a local copy of the time as long as it is powered", "fkP39nGHGF8-00049-00018218-00018318": "up.", "fkP39nGHGF8-00050-00018318-00018556": "Let’s record the current time and date.", "fkP39nGHGF8-00051-00018556-00018930": "Now, let’s put a DIFFERENT keypad in the drive.", "fkP39nGHGF8-00052-00018930-00019090": "Ahh, look at that!", "fkP39nGHGF8-00053-00019090-00019597": "The drive saw a new keypad and automatically adjusted its internal clock to match that", "fkP39nGHGF8-00054-00019597-00019697": "keypad.", "fkP39nGHGF8-00055-00019697-00019915": "That’s really important to understand.", "fkP39nGHGF8-00056-00019915-00020131": "Time is stored in the keypad.", "fkP39nGHGF8-00057-00020131-00020598": "If your PLC Ladder code uses time functions, and you swap out keypads that don’t have", "fkP39nGHGF8-00058-00020598-00020975": "the same time settings, you can get some unexpected results.", "fkP39nGHGF8-00059-00020975-00021185": "So be careful with that.", "fkP39nGHGF8-00060-00021185-00021687": "And if you power cycle the drive with no keypad installed, the drive won’t be able to do", "fkP39nGHGF8-00061-00021687-00022243": "that initial read of the time so it’ll lose track of the time and again, your PLC time", "fkP39nGHGF8-00062-00022243-00022534": "functions might not work the way you expect.", "fkP39nGHGF8-00063-00022534-00023104": "The good news is Help topic 208 covers the various error bits and codes.", "fkP39nGHGF8-00064-00023104-00023571": "Using those, the PLC can see when there is a time math error and if a something has happened", "fkP39nGHGF8-00065-00023571-00023843": "to the keypad and react accordingly.", "fkP39nGHGF8-00066-00023843-00024443": "So please, take advantage of those to help failsafe your PLC code.", "fkP39nGHGF8-00067-00024443-00024893": "The next thing to keep in mind is the time in the keypad is maintained by a large capacitor", "fkP39nGHGF8-00068-00024893-00025087": "– not a battery.", "fkP39nGHGF8-00069-00025087-00025431": "And that capacitor can only hold the time information for about a week.", "fkP39nGHGF8-00070-00025431-00025851": "So, if that keypad is pulled out of the drive or the drive is powered down for more than", "fkP39nGHGF8-00071-00025851-00026204": "a week, it can’t guarantee it will return the proper time.", "fkP39nGHGF8-00072-00026204-00026456": "It’s not a permanent time keeping device.", "fkP39nGHGF8-00073-00026456-00026918": "It’s really intended to be used to setup one drive and then move the keypad from drive", "fkP39nGHGF8-00074-00026918-00027514": "to drive to quickly copy parameters to other similar drives and keypads.", "fkP39nGHGF8-00075-00027514-00028155": "While the PLC can read the time AND the date, it can only manipulate time – that is, hours,", "fkP39nGHGF8-00076-00028155-00028406": "minutes, seconds using the time functions.", "fkP39nGHGF8-00077-00028406-00028868": "Those time functions don’t operate on days months or years.", "fkP39nGHGF8-00078-00028868-00029197": "The PLC can’t write to the time registers.", "fkP39nGHGF8-00079-00029197-00029802": "The PLC can read the time and perform operation on time numbers, but it can’t write to the", "fkP39nGHGF8-00080-00029802-00029980": "drives time registers.", "fkP39nGHGF8-00081-00029980-00030539": "You can see that in the special function register chart – they are read only registers.", "fkP39nGHGF8-00082-00030539-00031032": "The only way to change the time in the drive and keypad is to go to the main menu, and", "fkP39nGHGF8-00083-00031032-00031200": "scroll down to time setup.", "fkP39nGHGF8-00084-00031200-00031433": "That’s sets the time in the keypad.", "fkP39nGHGF8-00085-00031433-00031980": "The drive will see that change and automatically update its local time and date registers.", "fkP39nGHGF8-00086-00031980-00032383": "Of course, you can always see the drives current time right here on the keypad display and", "fkP39nGHGF8-00087-00032383-00032803": "you can tell if the PLC is running and what it’s status is right here.", "fkP39nGHGF8-00088-00032803-00033247": "Great, that ought to be enough to get you started with using time and date in your ladder", "fkP39nGHGF8-00089-00033247-00033401": "code.", "fkP39nGHGF8-00090-00033401-00033700": "Click here to learn more about the GS4 Drives.", "fkP39nGHGF8-00091-00033700-00033959": "Click here to learn about AutomationDirect’s free support options.", "fkP39nGHGF8-00092-00033959-00034416": "And click here to subscribe to AutomationDirect’s YouTube channel so you will be notified when", "fkP39nGHGF8-00093-00034416-00034563": "we publish new videos."}}, {"audio_id": "fl1_NJdI808", "text": {"fl1_NJdI808-00000-00000000-00000200": "Hello guys enjoy your life", "fl1_NJdI808-00001-00000200-00000400": "Subscribe like and comment", "fl1_NJdI808-00002-00000400-00000600": "See you"}}, {"audio_id": "fl7x8lrzOpE", "text": {"fl7x8lrzOpE-00000-00000008-00000304": "hello everybody welcome back to another brand new video today we're going to play", "fl7x8lrzOpE-00001-00000304-00000888": "Ben chapter 5 plus pier so guys let's get straight into it guys i have never played this game i don't", "fl7x8lrzOpE-00002-00000888-00001376": "know how this game works i have no clue how this game really works i've never played this game i", "fl7x8lrzOpE-00003-00001376-00001888": "just like found oh okay uh looks like a crouch but i do think it should be like piggy that's what i", "fl7x8lrzOpE-00004-00001888-00002424": "honestly think but i'm not saying it's a same as piggy but i think it could be the same as piggy", "fl7x8lrzOpE-00005-00002424-00002880": "we see people got 24 wins i wouldn't know how this game works but yeah we will have to figure out", "fl7x8lrzOpE-00006-00002880-00003704": "together so killer has spawned okay okay so okay i can hear the heartbeats that's not a good sign", "fl7x8lrzOpE-00007-00003704-00004232": "we have nine minutes left to survive that's gonna be quite hard i must say well yeah we gotta try", "fl7x8lrzOpE-00008-00004232-00004848": "guys i really hope we can win oh wait it's getting shaky it's like so shaky like the background is", "fl7x8lrzOpE-00009-00004848-00005672": "shaking so much um yeah i need keys to open these doors just the same as piggy almost someone has", "fl7x8lrzOpE-00010-00005672-00006176": "opened those doors okay that's a really weird sound to make a shop let's see what we've got", "fl7x8lrzOpE-00011-00006176-00006816": "oh we can buy the skins has opened the bathroom so verado has opened the bathroom okay that's", "fl7x8lrzOpE-00012-00006816-00007376": "that's nice verado is the play right over there and we've got some coins i don't know where the", "fl7x8lrzOpE-00013-00007376-00008064": "clear is and we can crouch from here it seems like angela is the killer i would say i don't know why", "fl7x8lrzOpE-00014-00008064-00008544": "this game is a horror game for ben talking man was my one of my childhood games oh okay", "fl7x8lrzOpE-00015-00008544-00009064": "okay yeah i see you oh no no don't mind about me thank you oh someone just died", "fl7x8lrzOpE-00016-00009200-00009872": "but guys i really do not know how do i escape oh i just saw you i saw you i saw you being there hello", "fl7x8lrzOpE-00017-00009872-00010424": "hello how are you doing hello just chase me if you want because i got plans you can do this can you", "fl7x8lrzOpE-00018-00010424-00011384": "no you can't i have ideas and suddenly she comes down from here doesn't she", "fl7x8lrzOpE-00019-00011720-00012184": "don't worry about it you can do it come on yes there we go so basically i can tell she knows what", "fl7x8lrzOpE-00020-00012184-00012768": "she's doing because it seems like it and she even got 24 wins damn oh you open the way you can do", "fl7x8lrzOpE-00021-00012768-00013352": "that hey i didn't know that okay now this stuff is getting really interesting right now i can't lie", "fl7x8lrzOpE-00022-00013863-00014232": "and what's this is this a it's a pink wait i can see or there's a purple", "fl7x8lrzOpE-00023-00014232-00014863": "or no it's a pinky find a pink lock to use the pink here all right true where could i possibly", "fl7x8lrzOpE-00024-00014863-00015247": "find one okay if you want to chase me you can't i'm gonna close this door on you i'm gonna go up", "fl7x8lrzOpE-00025-00015247-00015896": "like oh my god okay no i'm gonna go up like this i'm gonna close this door too and i'm gonna crouch", "fl7x8lrzOpE-00026-00015896-00016600": "and then so you can catch me and okay i i failed okay never mind it didn't see me okay that's good", "fl7x8lrzOpE-00027-00016752-00017096": "a pink key where could i possibly use a pinky could it be like", "fl7x8lrzOpE-00028-00017096-00017568": "up here maybe i do not know well let's open the store oh i need the axe oh", "fl7x8lrzOpE-00029-00017968-00018376": "and it seems to happen i need the axe that's the thing like oh we need a red key that's", "fl7x8lrzOpE-00030-00018376-00019096": "that's how we can exit but where could i possibly find a axe where could a x", "fl7x8lrzOpE-00031-00019096-00019608": "possibly be i feel like it's like behind one of those painting maybe not", "fl7x8lrzOpE-00032-00019768-00020120": "where is the axe guys where could the x be i've never played this game so i have no clue", "fl7x8lrzOpE-00033-00020176-00020568": "hey we can't read the house yet without finding a clue check out the state upstairs i think you", "fl7x8lrzOpE-00034-00020568-00021112": "might have what we're looking for check out the safe upstairs if i i think it might have what we", "fl7x8lrzOpE-00035-00021112-00021736": "are looking for okay in that case uh yeah let's do that then i guess because that's a hint we needed", "fl7x8lrzOpE-00036-00022008-00022616": "there she is upstairs the safes i don't really see any sales over here other than that one", "fl7x8lrzOpE-00037-00022912-00023512": "guys please all i want to do is escape that's all i want maybe that stuff i'm looking for", "fl7x8lrzOpE-00038-00023512-00024072": "could possibly be in one of those rooms i'm just like guessing it i really do not know", "fl7x8lrzOpE-00039-00024168-00024816": "and yeah there there we are yeah guys i might die oh there's a scrib look right there and this is a", "fl7x8lrzOpE-00040-00024936-00025400": "purple well there's a screen driver i don't really know what i can use it for um", "fl7x8lrzOpE-00041-00025600-00025960": "maybe i could possibly use it for something above the stairs i'm not sure", "fl7x8lrzOpE-00042-00025960-00026783": "but we can't say oh okay there we are um hello i'm here hello", "fl7x8lrzOpE-00043-00027272-00027695": "no that's not the thing wait hold up this is the thing yeah there we go okay i need to charge it so", "fl7x8lrzOpE-00044-00027695-00028392": "apparently i need to shoot at angela yep as i thought okay so i might need a screwdriver", "fl7x8lrzOpE-00045-00028488-00028983": "i'm gonna take it with me just in case i still have no clues", "fl7x8lrzOpE-00046-00028983-00029624": "i was like letting people do the things and the honors so yeah i'm kind of like lost at this game", "fl7x8lrzOpE-00047-00029768-00030472": "okay we need a red key how can i raw box really no um", "fl7x8lrzOpE-00048-00030872-00031208": "well is that a red thing well is that the door to like that", "fl7x8lrzOpE-00049-00031208-00031439": "it couldn't possibly be well hold on let me go to that real quick", "fl7x8lrzOpE-00050-00031656-00032016": "oh wait it's a car no sorry i thought i saw", "fl7x8lrzOpE-00051-00032016-00032495": "wrong i'm sorry about that oh maybe i'll take this key i don't know oh and there she is oh", "fl7x8lrzOpE-00052-00032904-00033368": "oh you got the hammer that's perfect nice nice nice nice if you can maybe finally make her", "fl7x8lrzOpE-00053-00033368-00035184": "escape from this horrible place that's what i really hope i can't go upstairs", "fl7x8lrzOpE-00054-00035360-00035784": "no you died oh no no no this is good this is good", "fl7x8lrzOpE-00055-00035784-00036560": "i'm gonna close the door on you oh my god what the f no no no no no no no no no no no no no you don't", "fl7x8lrzOpE-00056-00036560-00036928": "wanna you don't wanna do that i'm a nice guy come on i'm a nice guy you don't wanna do that to me", "fl7x8lrzOpE-00057-00037088-00037912": "i'm friendly please you're gonna regret doing that to me oh my god open", "fl7x8lrzOpE-00058-00038392-00038792": "oh my god what the heck i don't know how she does that", "fl7x8lrzOpE-00059-00038968-00039560": "i'm just like pranking with angela right now wait what's this i have a chainsaw for what", "fl7x8lrzOpE-00060-00039560-00039992": "reason i think it's a chainsaw but like it was called something else i forgot what it was but i", "fl7x8lrzOpE-00061-00039992-00040808": "can use it for something i think i'm so sure but i gotta check right now uh maybe i could use it for", "fl7x8lrzOpE-00062-00040992-00041560": "if by any chances if i could use it for here nope i can't i don't know what i can use a chainsaw for", "fl7x8lrzOpE-00063-00041680-00042024": "or a soap it's called sauvia i forgot that now i remember it's got soft", "fl7x8lrzOpE-00064-00042024-00042376": "i don't know what i can use a saw for it's quite confusing i must say", "fl7x8lrzOpE-00065-00042464-00043200": "let's go from here and i might as well uh oh no she died no this isn't good now i have i have no", "fl7x8lrzOpE-00066-00043200-00043976": "idea what to do now um guys i seriously do think i'm the only one person that's alive right now", "fl7x8lrzOpE-00067-00044048-00044400": "uh never mind okay you're with me okay that's good to know close door closed door closed door", "fl7x8lrzOpE-00068-00044904-00045672": "oh my god how am i supposed to escape this doesn't make sense for me anymore i", "fl7x8lrzOpE-00069-00045672-00046008": "like completely lost i don't know like how this game works i i have no idea", "fl7x8lrzOpE-00070-00046224-00046848": "okay 59 seconds left and we should be good i guess i don't know is it it might sound", "fl7x8lrzOpE-00071-00046848-00047192": "like it might be a game over though just like we have oh you got the red key", "fl7x8lrzOpE-00072-00047192-00047488": "you got she got the red key maybe i could finally escape wait hold up", "fl7x8lrzOpE-00073-00047712-00048072": "but it's the key that is the key though how does that work", "fl7x8lrzOpE-00074-00048152-00048552": "i'm just losing the key oh my god this is the most confusing game i've ever seen", "fl7x8lrzOpE-00075-00048720-00049184": "well now i do think i'm the last player remaining i really do think that", "fl7x8lrzOpE-00076-00049584-00050496": "i'm getting something here all right look at that four three two one and the game is", "fl7x8lrzOpE-00077-00050496-00051064": "over let's see what's about to happen nothing really seems to be happening it's just like", "fl7x8lrzOpE-00078-00051264-00051808": "okay so that's what happens well yeah thank you guys so much for watching this video i", "fl7x8lrzOpE-00079-00051808-00052144": "really appreciate you guys for watching this video and guys i wish you guys a beautiful", "fl7x8lrzOpE-00080-00052144-00052536": "day so far but guys don't forget to leave a like and subscribe it really means a lot it", "fl7x8lrzOpE-00081-00052536-00052872": "also motivate me so guys don't forget to do that it would be a big favor for", "fl7x8lrzOpE-00082-00052872-00053248": "me but guys that's it for today's video and i wish you guys a beautiful day bye"}}, {"audio_id": "fl9bXzVBii8", "text": {"fl9bXzVBii8-00000-00000701-00001021": "What is Robots.txt?", "fl9bXzVBii8-00001-00001021-00001488": "Robots.txt - is a text file in the root directory of your website. It contains instructions", "fl9bXzVBii8-00002-00001488-00001964": "for search engines. With the help of this file you can disable the indexing of certain", "fl9bXzVBii8-00003-00001964-00002664": "pages and sections of your website, specify the main mirror of a site, as well as to point", "fl9bXzVBii8-00004-00002788-00002921": "out the path to the sitemap.", "fl9bXzVBii8-00005-00002921-00003166": "Robots.txt usefulness can be seen at an example of closing from the technical sections indexing", "fl9bXzVBii8-00006-00003166-00003733": "of your website. If you have a technical pages open for indexing, the search engine will", "fl9bXzVBii8-00007-00003733-00004236": "try to throw out yhose pages from the index . It may accidentally close the useful pages", "fl9bXzVBii8-00008-00004236-00004261": "of your website.", "fl9bXzVBii8-00009-00004259-00004302": "How to create a robots.txt?", "fl9bXzVBii8-00010-00004302-00004990": "You can use an ordinary notebook to create a robots.txt file. Put it in the root directory", "fl9bXzVBii8-00011-00004990-00005580": "of your website. The first thing that will make the search engine robot on your website", "fl9bXzVBii8-00012-00005580-00005962": "is reading the files with instructions.", "fl9bXzVBii8-00013-00005962-00006128": "How to configure robots.txt?", "fl9bXzVBii8-00014-00006128-00006828": "To configure the robots.txt file two main directives (User-agent and Disallow) are used.", "fl9bXzVBii8-00015-00006845-00007440": "The first directive specifies on what kind of search engine robot will perform a ban", "fl9bXzVBii8-00016-00007440-00007861": "on indexing, prescribed in the second directive. Example: User-agent: * Disallow :/ - in this", "fl9bXzVBii8-00017-00007861-00008471": "form the instruction will prohibit for indexing the whole website for all search engines.", "fl9bXzVBii8-00018-00008471-00008929": "If you enter the path to the directory or file after Disallow, the robot will stop to", "fl9bXzVBii8-00019-00008929-00009629": "index them. Never prescribe several ways on a single line, this line will not work. If", "fl9bXzVBii8-00020-00009646-00010171": "you want to open a file or a directory for indexing, use the command Allow.", "fl9bXzVBii8-00021-00010171-00010521": "Additional directives are also used in robots.txt:", "fl9bXzVBii8-00022-00010521-00010681": "Host Directive", "fl9bXzVBii8-00023-00010681-00011242": "Is used if your website has multiple mirrors. This directive indicates the primary mirror", "fl9bXzVBii8-00024-00011242-00011725": "of your website. Namely this one will attend in the search results.", "fl9bXzVBii8-00025-00011725-00011750": "SiteMap Directive", "fl9bXzVBii8-00026-00011742-00012442": "This is a command which helps the search engine to determine where the file with a map of", "fl9bXzVBii8-00027-00012574-00012842": "your website is.", "fl9bXzVBii8-00028-00012842-00012916": "Crawl-delay Directive", "fl9bXzVBii8-00029-00012916-00013304": "It is used to delay between loading pages of your website by the search robot. This", "fl9bXzVBii8-00030-00013304-00014004": "one will be useful in case if your website has a lot of pages. For example: Crawl-delay:", "fl9bXzVBii8-00031-00014169-00014625": "5 -- the pause between page loadings will be 5 seconds.", "fl9bXzVBii8-00032-00014625-00014670": "Request-rate Directive", "fl9bXzVBii8-00033-00014670-00015218": "It is responsible for the loading frequency of pages by the search robot. For example:", "fl9bXzVBii8-00034-00015218-00015526": "Request-rate: 1/10 - the robot loads a single page every 10 seconds.", "fl9bXzVBii8-00035-00015526-00015570": "Visit-time Directive", "fl9bXzVBii8-00036-00015570-00015987": "It defines the time interval in which the robot is allowed to load pages. It is necessary", "fl9bXzVBii8-00037-00015987-00016101": "to set the Greenwich Visit-time: 0400-0600.", "fl9bXzVBii8-00038-00016101-00016404": "What results will the incorrect configuration of robots.txt lead to?", "fl9bXzVBii8-00039-00016404-00017104": "The incorrect setting of the robots.txt file can lead to the fact that the pages containing", "fl9bXzVBii8-00040-00017384-00017756": "confidential information about your users or customers will be open for the search and", "fl9bXzVBii8-00041-00017756-00018306": "on the contrary, the desired pages can be banned for indexing by search engine robots.", "fl9bXzVBii8-00042-00018306-00018636": "How to validate the configuration of robots.txt?", "fl9bXzVBii8-00043-00018636-00019093": "You can use the service Yandex.Webmaster which is called Analysis of robots.txt. Enter the", "fl9bXzVBii8-00044-00019093-00019793": "name of the domain which is to be tested in the field and you will see all of the mistakes."}}, {"audio_id": "flgHEBFkBhE", "text": {}}, {"audio_id": "flj6Uwck6w0", "text": {"flj6Uwck6w0-00000-00000000-00000200": "YouTube: Click, Subscribe, Listen, Like, and Share.   JESUS ONLY IS OUR MESSAGE.   Please join our online prayer meeting on Thursday. USA: 5.00pm - 6.00pm 712 775 7035 Access Code 344823#   Nigeria; 10.00 pm - 11.00 pm From Nigeria +234 1 440 5221 Access Code 344823#   United Arab Emirates +971 600 521269 344823#   KINDLY PRAY FOR US FOR SOULS THAT ARE THIRSTY FOR WORDS OF GOD AND COMMITTED WORKERS @ DLBC CHARLOTTESVILLE, VIRGINIA, USA.   We need devoted Christian workers @ DLBC, Charlottesville. Please come and join us. ( molufemi2001@yahoo.co.uk;009 1 434 9626622) Always Fellowship with us @ Deeperlife Charlottesville 4656 Briarwood Dr. Charlottesville, VA 22911.    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