[{"audio_id": "iYdfjMUtS1c", "text": {"iYdfjMUtS1c-00000-00000546-00000949": "So today I'm briefly going to provide a quick overview of who", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00001-00000949-00001322": "we are, the strategic setting, some strategic setting", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00002-00001322-00001751": "for the Australian and global prawn aquaculture industry--", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00003-00001751-00002004": "and forgive me, if I use the word \"shrimp\" every now", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00004-00002004-00002383": "and again-- and an introduction to an opportunity", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00005-00002383-00002749": "to make Australia a truly global leader in the prawn aquaculture", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00006-00002749-00002998": "sector.", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00007-00002998-00003451": "So the Seafarms Group is a publicly listed company with", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00008-00003451-00003876": "a market capitalisation of approximately $52 million.", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00009-00003876-00004213": "And although our history has been in carbon,", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00010-00004213-00004647": "previously known as CO2 group, followed by Commodities Group.", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00011-00004647-00005059": "And my own business area now is aquaculture-- operations", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00012-00005059-00005373": "and development of large-scale transformative aquaculture", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00013-00005373-00005577": "projects.", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00014-00005577-00005840": "In regard to our aquaculture operations,", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00015-00005840-00006096": "Seafarms Group is the owner and operator", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00016-00006096-00006456": "of 160 hectares of grow-out ponds,", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00017-00006456-00006802": "hatchery, and processing plant in North Queensland.", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00018-00006802-00007120": "We acquired these over the last 12 months.", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00019-00007120-00007391": "And in that time we've invested in significant business", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00020-00007391-00007748": "processes, upgrades in health and safety,", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00021-00007748-00008033": "accreditation, and data management.", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00022-00008033-00008327": "And we continue to drive efficiencies and increase", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00023-00008327-00008804": "yields in overall improvements in production processes across", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00024-00008804-00009010": "the organisation.", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00025-00009010-00009337": "We also offer branded product into the marketplace at Crystal", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00026-00009337-00009685": "Bay Prawns, and we're opening export channels", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00027-00009685-00010102": "for the Australian farmed prawn sector, using the same brand.", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00028-00010416-00010646": "We've all heard through numerous forums,", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00029-00010646-00010961": "not just at ABARES the last couple of the days,", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00030-00010961-00011317": "but over previous years, that Australia", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00031-00011317-00011570": "has a significant opportunity to become a leading", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00032-00011570-00011912": "participant in supply of agricultural products", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00033-00011912-00012169": "to a growing Asian region.", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00034-00012169-00012427": "The food bowl of Asia has been a common catch", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00035-00012427-00012702": "cry in agricultural and political discussions", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00036-00012702-00012966": "over the last few years.", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00037-00012966-00013341": "But in essence, the demand for agri-food is growing,", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00038-00013341-00013650": "and this growth has been driven by population growth", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00039-00013650-00013950": "and improved standards of living throughout Asia.", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00040-00013950-00014100": "In fact, there is a real possibility", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00041-00014100-00014466": "that the demand for protein will fall in the West,", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00042-00014466-00014738": "further reinforcing a geographical competitive", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00043-00014738-00015012": "advantage in key markets.", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00044-00015012-00015261": "And a significant feature of this increased demand", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00045-00015261-00015449": "for protein is that it's most clearly", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00046-00015449-00015835": "evident in the Asian region.", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00047-00015835-00016225": "This graph, from some early Helen Jensen's work,", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00048-00016225-00016417": "is an important one to consider when we think", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00049-00016417-00016656": "about the demand for protein.", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00050-00016656-00016954": "There's a clear link between increasing personal wealth", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00051-00016954-00017158": "and protein consumption.", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00052-00017158-00017451": "Although this data was published in 2006", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00053-00017451-00017686": "and relies on earlier data, so it", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00054-00017686-00018060": "can be considered a little old, the trend in potential", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00055-00018060-00018516": "is clear, particularly when we look at where China has been.", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00056-00018516-00018835": "So China has probably moved along that curve a little bit.", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00057-00018835-00019235": "But what we can be certain of is that, as personal wealth", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00058-00019235-00019794": "increases in China and Asia in general, the demand for protein", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00059-00019794-00020046": "will increase.", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00060-00020046-00020304": "An important part or correlary for that", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00061-00020304-00020808": "is that seafood already makes up more than twice the protein", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00062-00020808-00021104": "source in Asia as it does in Europe and the US.", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00063-00021104-00021531": "26% of dietary protein in Asia is based on seafood.", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00064-00021531-00021890": "And given the size of Chinese and Asian populations,", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00065-00021890-00022118": "even a small shift in protein demand", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00066-00022118-00022496": "will have significant implications on seafood demand.", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00067-00022496-00022789": "So while food preferences can change,", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00068-00022789-00023018": "seafood is clearly an established preference", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00069-00023018-00023292": "in these markets.", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00070-00023292-00023771": "Now we've seen this graph a few times before.", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00071-00023771-00023917": "But having established that there's", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00072-00023917-00024317": "an expectation of increased demand for aquaculture", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00073-00024317-00024668": "and, in our case, prawns and in our region,", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00074-00024668-00024922": "I can turn our attention to the supply side.", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00075-00024922-00025142": "So Robert presented this slide earlier,", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00076-00025142-00025521": "and anyone who's been to any fisheries conference", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00077-00025521-00025783": "over the last 5, even 10 years, has probably", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00078-00025783-00026076": "seen this graph ad nauseum.", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00079-00026076-00026298": "But it does underline an important point--", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00080-00026298-00026792": "that the required supply marine protein, seafood,", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00081-00026792-00027187": "will not and cannot come from capture fisheries.", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00082-00027187-00027557": "Wild fisheries have been static on a global basis in supply", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00083-00027557-00027713": "since the mid '80s.", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00084-00027713-00028047": "And this means that aquaculture has to fill the gap.", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00085-00028047-00028301": "Aquaculture now represents almost half", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00086-00028301-00028626": "of global seafood production, and the FIO", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00087-00028626-00028895": "forecasts that aquaculture production will grow", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00088-00028895-00029411": "by 60% between 2010 and 2020.", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00089-00029411-00029736": "And recent work by the global Aquaculture Alliance", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00090-00029736-00029947": "has indicated that aquaculture needs", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00091-00029947-00030426": "to increase production 7.2% per annum just", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00092-00030426-00030656": "to keep up with growing demand.", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00093-00030656-00030939": "Unfortunately, though, recent growth in aquaculture", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00094-00030939-00031317": "globally has been limited to 3% to 4%,", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00095-00031317-00031722": "which is providing further pressure on the supply side.", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00096-00031722-00031977": "This and the cost competitiveness of aquaculture,", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00097-00031977-00032352": "compared to producing other sources of animal proteins,", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00098-00032352-00032533": "means large-scale aquaculture will", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00099-00032533-00032882": "play an increasingly important role in meeting the rising", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00100-00032882-00033001": "demand for animal protein.", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00101-00033288-00033670": "So given the clear role for aquaculture to meet demand,", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00102-00033670-00033954": "it's important noting some of the current production", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00103-00033954-00034112": "pictures.", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00104-00034112-00034437": "As you can see here, China is the world's largest producer", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00105-00034437-00034875": "of prawns, in this case, and is a major exporter.", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00106-00034875-00035196": "This supply side, though, is a little confounded by the fact", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00107-00035196-00035656": "that China has recently shifted from a net exporter of seafood", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00108-00035656-00035875": "to a net importer.", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00109-00035875-00036350": "Disappointingly, and despite Australia's potential,", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00110-00036350-00036678": "we don't even rank.", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00111-00036678-00036878": "But clearly, what we've done is we've", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00112-00036878-00037261": "been able to identify a market, and we've also identified", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00113-00037261-00037397": "a looming market gap.", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00114-00037776-00037966": "So this leads to the next questions.", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00115-00037966-00038318": "So how can Australia be part of the supply?", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00116-00038318-00038735": "And how is Australia currently positioned?", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00117-00038735-00039135": "So let's deal with the second question first.", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00118-00039135-00039308": "You can see here some comparisons", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00119-00039308-00039609": "with other aquaculture-producing nations.", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00120-00039609-00039908": "And I wasn't particularly selective.", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00121-00039908-00040414": "It was reasonably random in the aquaculture-producing nations", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00122-00040414-00040607": "that I've chosen.", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00123-00040607-00041068": "So Australia is underrepresented and is an underperformer", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00124-00041068-00041489": "when it comes to developing opportunities in aquaculture.", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00125-00041489-00041858": "With some 25,000 kilometres of coastline,", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00126-00041858-00042382": "Australia really hasn't taken advantage of the opportunity.", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00127-00042382-00042724": "We are out-produced by countries with smaller available", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00128-00042724-00042886": "coastlines.", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00129-00042886-00043257": "And as you can see here, we're actually beaten by New Zealand", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00130-00043257-00043307": "again.", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00131-00043648-00043976": "In regard to Australian prawn farming,", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00132-00043976-00044140": "Australian prawn farming industry", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00133-00044140-00044471": "is currently around about 4,000 tonnes.", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00134-00044471-00045090": "It's been bouncing around from 3,400 to 4,200,", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00135-00045090-00045540": "settling at about 3,700 for the last 10 years.", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00136-00045540-00045756": "So Australia's prawn aquaculture sector", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00137-00045756-00046097": "hasn't shown any significant growth in that 10 years,", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00138-00046097-00046629": "while global production has increased by 66%.", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00139-00046629-00046796": "It should be noted that Australia", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00140-00046796-00047275": "has some very good, in fact world-leading, prawn farmers,", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00141-00047275-00047573": "and they are supported by extensive and world class", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00142-00047573-00047823": "researchers.", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00143-00047823-00048062": "But there are some other important considerations", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00144-00048062-00048302": "for Australia.", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00145-00048302-00048707": "What we can see is not really represented well in this graph.", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00146-00048707-00049084": "But global shrimp production appears to be peaking.", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00147-00049084-00049292": "We've probably said that once before in history,", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00148-00049292-00049594": "which was about 2002, 2001.", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00149-00049594-00050114": "But with recent disease issues in Asia,", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00150-00050114-00050561": "there's a reinforcement of a very delicate supply side.", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00151-00050561-00050922": "There's limited suitable new areas", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00152-00050922-00051188": "for prawn farming on a global basis.", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00153-00051188-00051485": "Horizontal expansion will be limited", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00154-00051485-00051688": "and future growth is likely to be", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00155-00051688-00052090": "from vertical expansion, or more tonnes per hectare,", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00156-00052090-00052475": "which, by necessity, equals smaller shrimp.", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00157-00052475-00052721": "There's also increasing consumer focus", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00158-00052721-00053125": "on food safety, and clean food, and sustainability,", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00159-00053125-00053390": "across many market segments.", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00160-00053390-00053592": "Australia has a good story to tell.", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00161-00053592-00054041": "Provenance is important and Australian fresh foods", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00162-00054041-00054274": "are highly trusted in China.", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00163-00054274-00054570": "The opportunity for Australia is that price premiums", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00164-00054570-00054986": "are available for larger, high-quality prawns,", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00165-00054986-00055179": "potentially offsetting Australia's higher", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00166-00055179-00055279": "cost of production.", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00167-00055577-00055817": "So Australia's current prawn farming industry,", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00168-00055817-00056111": "which I haven't shown on this slide,", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00169-00056111-00056348": "sits primarily along the eastern coastline", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00170-00056348-00056777": "from Yamba in the south, to Mossman in North Queensland.", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00171-00056777-00057047": "However, to unlock the potential in Australia's prawn", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00172-00057047-00057229": "aquaculture sector, development will", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00173-00057229-00057433": "need to be in the true North.", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00174-00057433-00057683": "Investors will be looking for year-round crops", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00175-00057683-00057972": "and the opportunity to design and operate", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00176-00057972-00058237": "facilities on a year-round basis to optimise", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00177-00058237-00058503": "their return on capital.", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00178-00058503-00058707": "Building on the work of CSRO, which", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00179-00058707-00059030": "was presented at ABARE several years ago,", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00180-00059030-00059316": "Seafarms has undertaken significant studies", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00181-00059316-00059491": "in the North of Australia, including", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00182-00059491-00060008": "detailed GIS mapping, aerial surveys, and ground truthing.", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00183-00060008-00060180": "And for those of you, or those of us,", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00184-00060180-00060555": "who are part of that sitting for a week in a helicopter", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00185-00060555-00060759": "over the top of the Northern Territory,", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00186-00060759-00061170": "it tends to get a little shaky after a while.", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00187-00061170-00061455": "And there are a lot of significant, suitable areas", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00188-00061455-00061784": "for aquaculture development in the North.", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00189-00061784-00062021": "And from this strategic and general overview,", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00190-00062021-00062312": "I can turn to offer now a concrete example of how", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00191-00062312-00062783": "Australia can become part of that global supply chain.", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00192-00062783-00063141": "So Seafarms has recently entered into an access and option", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00193-00063141-00063325": "agreement on its preferred development", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00194-00063325-00063539": "site in the Northern Territory.", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00195-00063539-00063965": "And the next steps for project Sea Dragon are underway.", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00196-00063965-00064215": "The agreement that we have provides", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00197-00064215-00064498": "Seafarms with the ability to apply", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00198-00064498-00064913": "for appropriate government approvals and land tenure.", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00199-00064913-00065235": "It allows us access to the site for technical due diligence", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00200-00065235-00065432": "and studies required to take the project", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00201-00065432-00065657": "through bankable feasibility, and it", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00202-00065657-00066198": "allows us to purchase the site under agreed commercial terms.", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00203-00066198-00066559": "The project aims to introduce prawn farming to Australia", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00204-00066559-00066757": "on a truly global scale.", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00205-00066757-00067138": "It will be a large-scale, integrated, land-based", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00206-00067138-00067449": "aquaculture project, producing world scale", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00207-00067449-00067967": "volumes of Black Tiger prawns for export markets.", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00208-00067967-00068133": "The development will be rolled out", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00209-00068133-00068433": "in four to five stages over several years", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00210-00068433-00068982": "and require investment of circa $1.5 billion US dollars.", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00211-00068982-00069147": "The result will be the production", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00212-00069147-00069765": "of 100,000 tonnes per annum, generating some $800 million US", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00213-00069765-00069846": "dollars in revenue.", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00214-00070189-00070427": "The 10,000 hectare grow-out facility", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00215-00070427-00070756": "will be supported by feed mills, hatchery and brood stock", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00216-00070756-00071301": "facilities, power station, processing plant, and storage", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00217-00071301-00071510": "and export facilities.", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00218-00071510-00071787": "The investment will require the development of suitable port", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00219-00071787-00072095": "facilities for both export of finished product,", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00220-00072095-00072399": "but also for the delivery of raw materials.", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00221-00072399-00072701": "Questions to be answered include the where-- what location", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00222-00072701-00072939": "provides the greatest economic returns for each", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00223-00072939-00073105": "of the infrastructure requirements?", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00224-00073414-00073613": "Project Sea Dragon, when complete,", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00225-00073613-00073874": "will contribute to Australia reaching", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00226-00073874-00074147": "at least part of its aquaculture potential,", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00227-00074147-00074313": "with other investments leveraging off", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00228-00074313-00074749": "the infrastructure expertise and investment confidence.", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00229-00074749-00075066": "Project Sea Dragon will see Australia as a top 10", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00230-00075066-00075446": "global shrimp producer and will create some 1,600", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00231-00075446-00075786": "sustainable, long-term jobs in the North,", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00232-00075786-00076134": "with a range of skills required in diverse fields,", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00233-00076134-00076446": "including aquaculture technology, administration,", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00234-00076446-00076827": "human resources, electrical, mechanical, and trades,", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00235-00076827-00077231": "processing and food safety, veterinary and animal health,", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00236-00077231-00077469": "and research and training.", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00237-00077469-00077665": "Employment locations will be spread", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00238-00077665-00077963": "throughout the top end, including Darwin, Kununurra,", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00239-00077963-00078272": "Exmouth and Legune.", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00240-00078272-00078375": "Employment", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00241-00078375-00078599": "Further indirect employment opportunities", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00242-00078599-00078921": "will be available in logistics, science, support,", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00243-00078921-00079160": "and education.", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00244-00079160-00079489": "Additionally, on top of this, current Queensland operations", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00245-00079489-00079869": "act like a pilot for the Project Sea Dragon.", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00246-00079869-00080132": "And this has helped to establish some important building blocks", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00247-00080132-00080460": "for us, including the development of farm management", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00248-00080460-00080998": "teams, systems and processes, science, and brand and product", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00249-00080998-00081065": "range expansion.", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00250-00081470-00081853": "This is a real, concrete, and doable project,", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00251-00081853-00082215": "and is recognised in the Green Paper on developing Northern", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00252-00082215-00082368": "Australia.", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00253-00082368-00082592": "Aquaculture provides real opportunities", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00254-00082592-00082946": "to provide economic diversification in the North.", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00255-00082946-00083397": "Projects of this kind obviously require some level of enabling.", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00256-00083397-00083649": "Robust government support is a requirement", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00257-00083649-00083925": "to ensure that we can drive project development", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00258-00083925-00084179": "in the North, and we don't spend years talking", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00259-00084179-00084458": "about things that can happen.", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00260-00084458-00084941": "Cooperation and speed between governments and departments", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00261-00084941-00085139": "is critical.", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00262-00085139-00085382": "Moreover, to realise the opportunity,", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00263-00085382-00085801": "there needs to be credible, tangible projects,", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00264-00085801-00085955": "with robust business [INAUDIBLE],", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00265-00085955-00086227": "like Project Sea Dragon, and governments as willing", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00266-00086227-00086277": "partners.", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00267-00086542-00086736": "For multi-jurisdictional projects", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00268-00086736-00087077": "such as this, government, such as territory, state,", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00269-00087077-00087296": "and federal levels, all have a role", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00270-00087296-00087548": "to play in developing the North.", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00271-00087548-00087797": "Free trade agreements have wider implications.", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00272-00087797-00087947": "But as we heard this morning, it's", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00273-00087947-00088234": "really about market demand.", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00274-00088234-00088453": "And Minister Truss noted this morning,", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00275-00088453-00088770": "infrastructure development in the North is critical.", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00276-00088770-00089149": "Simple things that get taken for granted in the East, including", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00277-00089149-00089385": "all-weather roads, port facilities", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00278-00089385-00089736": "suitable for frozen products, and social infrastructure", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00279-00089736-00090106": "to support workforces, are a requirement.", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00280-00090106-00090304": "There are significant training opportunities", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00281-00090304-00090568": "for local and regional residents,", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00282-00090568-00090913": "including indigenous employment and development.", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00283-00090913-00091076": "The breadth of employment opportunities", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00284-00091076-00091341": "is significant, through both construction", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00285-00091341-00091644": "and operational phases.", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00286-00091644-00091952": "So just in conclusion, Seafarms Group--", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00287-00091952-00092216": "we are a major domestic farm prawn supplier.", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00288-00092216-00092321": "So we're a doer.", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00289-00092321-00092488": "We're not just sitting in an office,", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00290-00092488-00092770": "saying we can do these things.", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00291-00092770-00093240": "There is a major gap in the global prawn market emerging", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00292-00093240-00093556": "an the North of Australia is well-positioned to supply", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00293-00093556-00093737": "that market.", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00294-00093737-00093967": "And we should really stop talking,", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00295-00093967-00094266": "and let's start doing, with tangible, real projects", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00296-00094266-00094401": "in the North.", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00297-00094401-00094755": "And to realise the opportunity, we need credible,", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00298-00094755-00095091": "tangible projects with robust business cases like Project Sea", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00299-00095091-00095444": "Dragon, and governments as willing partners with", "iYdfjMUtS1c-00300-00095444-00095645": "the private investors."}}, {"audio_id": "iYrHUtpDogc", "text": {"iYrHUtpDogc-00000-00000260-00000539": "Streber: almost... and", "iYrHUtpDogc-00001-00000539-00000739": "Streber: THERE IT IS!", "iYrHUtpDogc-00002-00000739-00001005": "Streber: The perfect foolproof plan", "iYrHUtpDogc-00003-00001005-00001536": "Streber: Now with this device i will be able to appear invisible in front of the kiddies", "iYrHUtpDogc-00004-00001536-00001994": "Streber: JUST LIKE A REAL VAMPIRE HAHAHA!", "iYrHUtpDogc-00005-00002606-00002850": "Ethan: You put a lot of effort on this", "iYrHUtpDogc-00006-00002850-00003112": "Ethan: I mean.. it's just a haunted house", "iYrHUtpDogc-00007-00003112-00003440": "Streber: Hey hey hey Shoo Shoo Shoo Shoo! Shoo Shoo Shoos!", "iYrHUtpDogc-00008-00003440-00003589": "Streber: All right!", "iYrHUtpDogc-00009-00003589-00003703": "Streber: It's gonna be a hit", "iYrHUtpDogc-00010-00003765-00004044": "Streber: The kids are gonna love it! alright", "iYrHUtpDogc-00011-00004044-00004220": "Streber: And that's what we're alabout here", "iYrHUtpDogc-00012-00004220-00004454": "Streber: Ok? Alright", "iYrHUtpDogc-00013-00004581-00004854": "Aria: All right..  Confi: He takes this very seriously", "iYrHUtpDogc-00014-00004863-00005296": "Streber: Now, if you would be so kind as to um... leave", "iYrHUtpDogc-00015-00005296-00005521": "Streber: So l can finish what l'm doing.", "iYrHUtpDogc-00016-00005521-00005982": "Streber: Um l've been at this all morning and My arm is starting to get really tired", "iYrHUtpDogc-00017-00005982-00006223": "Streber: Last thing I want is for it to fall off", "iYrHUtpDogc-00018-00006394-00006513": "Ethan: Alright", "iYrHUtpDogc-00019-00006513-00006702": "Leon: Don't die on us ok?", "iYrHUtpDogc-00020-00006702-00007069": "Liv: Yeah! We won't want you to be a part of the...", "iYrHUtpDogc-00021-00007069-00007224": "Liv: ...undead~", "iYrHUtpDogc-00022-00007341-00007619": "Streber: Hahaha! Very funny", "iYrHUtpDogc-00023-00007619-00007744": "Streber: Very very funny"}}, {"audio_id": "iYbQHHu1s0u", "text": {"iYbQHHu1s0u-00000-00000000-00023040": "[Music]"}}, {"audio_id": "iZrQJYEpK1y", "text": {"iZrQJYEpK1y-00000-00000000-00000200": "katie.andelman: 😍", "iZrQJYEpK1y-00001-00000000-00000200": "katie.andelman: Miss you", "iZrQJYEpK1y-00002-00001000-00001200": "myatthunadi: Why r u so gorgeous for🔥🧡♥️", "iZrQJYEpK1y-00003-00001400-00001600": "ril9_: Hii jade sham.1122: What’s your favorite color ? ril9_: 👋", "iZrQJYEpK1y-00004-00001800-00002000": "lorenz95__: 😍 tebancho: 👋 abdulbaloch75: Hi", "iZrQJYEpK1y-00005-00002200-00002400": "shubhro.j: 😍 radyrid: Hello pires858: 👋", "iZrQJYEpK1y-00006-00002600-00002800": "navidamini13792000: Hi dear", "iZrQJYEpK1y-00007-00002800-00003000": "gracinha123ft: 😍", "iZrQJYEpK1y-00008-00003200-00003400": "ilenakoivuneva: Hii mikioutline: Hiii kec_pelin: 👋", "iZrQJYEpK1y-00009-00003400-00003600": "lilianamaslow1: I cant hear you", "iZrQJYEpK1y-00010-00003600-00003800": "anna.kohut2000: 😍😘😍😘😍 julia_bia0301: Oi", "iZrQJYEpK1y-00011-00003800-00004000": "myatthunadi: What time is it there🙌🏼🙌🏼 ardeshir.navab: 😍", "iZrQJYEpK1y-00012-00004000-00004200": "sm__iman: 😂😂😂", "iZrQJYEpK1y-00013-00004400-00004600": "walterluceropernia: 😍 yjh128: 😍", "iZrQJYEpK1y-00014-00006200-00006400": "malek.chelbi.180: 👋 sarrah_morbi786: 😍", "iZrQJYEpK1y-00015-00006400-00006600": "1musazade: 👋", "iZrQJYEpK1y-00016-00006800-00007000": "asfandayar.khan.566: Hello ohlalalafunfun: 😍", "iZrQJYEpK1y-00017-00007000-00007200": "oscarlzambrano: 😍 cozmermer: Yengenize selam verin beyler", "iZrQJYEpK1y-00018-00007200-00007400": "mikioutline: I love you so much", "iZrQJYEpK1y-00019-00007600-00007800": "pemahe91: 😍 sm__iman: 👋 emraan_hashemi: 👋", "iZrQJYEpK1y-00020-00009400-00009600": "tesalonahavenjade: You are so gorgeous anissa_silmy: 😂😂😂 _fikry_therev_sullivan_: Hi", "iZrQJYEpK1y-00021-00009800-00010000": "u.akbayrak: 👍", "iZrQJYEpK1y-00022-00010000-00010200": "loisrose_bowerman: 👋 __tluliprivt__: 😂😂😂", "iZrQJYEpK1y-00023-00011800-00012000": "magenta_22: 👋", "iZrQJYEpK1y-00024-00013800-00014000": "miguelmolina2200: Wow beautiful hair carlosvalerianorodrigues: 😍", "iZrQJYEpK1y-00025-00014200-00014400": "leslielance07: 👋", "iZrQJYEpK1y-00026-00014600-00014800": "soaresseverina905: Helli", "iZrQJYEpK1y-00027-00015000-00015200": "bwrhf3152: مين في هون عربي __________ray____________: Pm time here mrangpinchun: Good morning jade", "iZrQJYEpK1y-00028-00015400-00015600": "buenohomero: 👍 william.theofilus: Hello anthonyrichards9839: Hello", "iZrQJYEpK1y-00029-00015800-00016000": "jad_lemo: Eyebrows so thick, nice!", "iZrQJYEpK1y-00030-00016000-00016200": "n00r__6: 👋", "iZrQJYEpK1y-00031-00016400-00016600": "pmarcelbohorquez: Love your eyes artin.1384dep: 👋", "iZrQJYEpK1y-00032-00016800-00017000": "armandoo.jr: 😍 loliloldp: 😍 __a_m_o_s__: Cute", "iZrQJYEpK1y-00033-00017000-00017200": "biamettitier: Princip Harry or William??", "iZrQJYEpK1y-00034-00017200-00017400": "tom_moreira03: Top", "iZrQJYEpK1y-00035-00017600-00017800": "nlmi_2005: Do have a boy friend? odyuo_97: What's the time right now in your place", "iZrQJYEpK1y-00036-00019400-00019600": "jad_lemo: How tall are you?", "iZrQJYEpK1y-00037-00019600-00019800": "jh0natan_09: HOLAAAAAA sandeep6887: Hello", "iZrQJYEpK1y-00038-00020000-00020200": "iniraaniibung: Cute😍😍😍😍😍😍😍 sm__iman: Hi  اگر دیدین بدونین ایرانی بوده  بقیش بلد نیست😂😂😂", "iZrQJYEpK1y-00039-00021800-00022000": "ahmadnaghavi96: دهنت سرویس eslam.saad982: 😍 1user_busy: Привет", "iZrQJYEpK1y-00040-00022200-00022400": "biamettitier: Ever watched stranger things ?? decena_kristine: Should I learn Italian or French?", "iZrQJYEpK1y-00041-00022400-00022600": "dariuss.10: 👋", "iZrQJYEpK1y-00042-00022600-00022800": "tesalonahavenjade: Are you french?", "iZrQJYEpK1y-00043-00022800-00023000": "masrur_rizvonov: 😍 feliciaxavierairene: Halo", "iZrQJYEpK1y-00044-00023200-00023400": "salimhzami: 👏👏👏👏👅👅👅👅 gloria_ewh: I'm from Italy", "iZrQJYEpK1y-00045-00023400-00023600": "jaweher_boujmil: I love you duantunsiri656: 👋 tangmochaa: 😍", "iZrQJYEpK1y-00046-00023800-00024000": "lysa_dz: Tu parles français???!!!!!!!!!!!", "iZrQJYEpK1y-00047-00024000-00024200": "rizadinckurt: 🌹", "iZrQJYEpK1y-00048-00025800-00026000": "bilim_isik_: 😂😂😂", "iZrQJYEpK1y-00049-00026000-00026200": "arturo6609: Hi 🤘🏽🤘🏽", "iZrQJYEpK1y-00050-00026400-00026600": "nuradinovaelvira: Здравствуйте ercispiko: I am turkish rikemvsilva: Please, let me meet you 🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏", "iZrQJYEpK1y-00051-00026800-00027000": "biamettitier: What time is it? masmavidir.vega: Stranger things? alyn_lorenzo_guzman: Hola como esta mi amor", "iZrQJYEpK1y-00052-00027200-00027400": "gantzoub: Coucou jack_vals7: Io tuo cantante preferito? perolalustine_: I Love", "iZrQJYEpK1y-00053-00027600-00027800": "dorianomanin: Sei bellissima amore, ti amo piccola 😍😍😍😘😘😘😘💋💋💋💋💋💞💖💗💕❣️💜❤️🔥🔥🔥🔥 x_buji_x: 😍 alyaivanova__: ее русские", "iZrQJYEpK1y-00054-00029600-00029800": "pmarcelbohorquez: Español suuuuper rogerioalves85: 👍 sm__iman: سیچان کله طلایی", "iZrQJYEpK1y-00055-00031600-00031800": "ari_shaqlawa: Hello alyzarene__: Perfect eyebrows shoonhoot: 😍", "iZrQJYEpK1y-00056-00031800-00032000": "nicolas.lebeau1011: Salut", "iZrQJYEpK1y-00057-00032000-00032200": "alyn_lorenzo_guzman: My love", "iZrQJYEpK1y-00058-00032200-00032400": "bwrhf3152: Hi slayy.rena: 😍 rikemvsilva: I'm 15, let me meet you please 🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏", "iZrQJYEpK1y-00059-00032800-00033000": "charbel939: Hi jade ercispiko: How old are you", "iZrQJYEpK1y-00060-00033000-00033200": "erenozdemir8963: 👋", "iZrQJYEpK1y-00061-00033200-00033400": "zakaria_shoka_: هلووو", "iZrQJYEpK1y-00062-00035000-00035200": "cosmasschindler: Geiler arsch beszimnt zeig fochc mal", "iZrQJYEpK1y-00063-00035200-00035400": "borak923: But are you still in France or are you in Germany or California❤❤ yavnaa_: Знаєш пускаю", "iZrQJYEpK1y-00064-00035600-00035800": "s___14r: I'm following you from Canada. Do you speak French fluently? alessiopiticco: Your eyes is the dream ❣️", "iZrQJYEpK1y-00065-00035800-00036000": "ercispiko: Türkish", "iZrQJYEpK1y-00066-00036000-00036200": "_kartikeyan__: I want to go monte carlo", "iZrQJYEpK1y-00067-00036400-00036600": "zakaria_shoka_: مالك يا هبلة pmarcelbohorquez: And  Colombia?", "iZrQJYEpK1y-00068-00036600-00036800": "_bowie_b: I love your eyes😙 thekrgc: Hi", "iZrQJYEpK1y-00069-00036800-00037000": "amirali.nikzad_: 👋", "iZrQJYEpK1y-00070-00037200-00037400": "sm__iman: باور کن", "iZrQJYEpK1y-00071-00037400-00037600": "fazal_mengall: What is that thing which scares you the most? jomarowild: 👋", "iZrQJYEpK1y-00072-00037600-00037800": "oolena__: Привет", "iZrQJYEpK1y-00073-00037800-00038000": "popularfellow: Bueno yavnaa_: Знаєш руський ?", "iZrQJYEpK1y-00074-00039600-00039800": "husen8544: 😍 abood_deri: 😍 xenosflash_: Jade quelle a été ta plus grande peur jusqu'as maintenant?", "iZrQJYEpK1y-00075-00040000-00040200": "luis.rosalesg: 😍 masmavidir.vega: If you like scfi you must to watch Dark . narlansoares: Brasil 🇧🇷🇧🇷🇧🇷🇧🇷", "iZrQJYEpK1y-00076-00040400-00040600": "miguelmolina2200: Beautiful eyes", "iZrQJYEpK1y-00077-00040800-00041000": "hspecter83: 😍 kikixross530: Hi jade...can you do a shoutout?", "iZrQJYEpK1y-00078-00041000-00041200": "aska12328: Тебя дождь очень", "iZrQJYEpK1y-00079-00041200-00041400": "armandswa: Te quiero mucho, u know that? 😂 hipwilliam: Hola", "iZrQJYEpK1y-00080-00041400-00041600": "anissa_silmy: i like your eyes", "iZrQJYEpK1y-00081-00041800-00042000": "molly__davies3003: Where were you born?? wd.ntt_c: 👋 beron534: 👍", "iZrQJYEpK1y-00082-00042200-00042400": "aakash_bawa: I m from india mabray_official: Hermosa 😘😘", "iZrQJYEpK1y-00083-00044000-00044200": "mohamadjanpopal: 😍😍😍 dearestssisters: Can u say Hi 'Dianna'", "iZrQJYEpK1y-00084-00044600-00044800": "aakash_bawa: When will you come to INDIA", "iZrQJYEpK1y-00085-00045000-00045200": "mr_alirexa_80: 👋 cruzhernandezaldo: Que hora es ahí", "iZrQJYEpK1y-00086-00045400-00045600": "charbel939: My name is charbel borak923: I like your blue eye, you're perfect, you're pretty😘😘😘😘", "iZrQJYEpK1y-00087-00045800-00046000": "omid_arefiaan: Do U like Ed sheeran? gasparpoloni: Hola", "iZrQJYEpK1y-00088-00046000-00046200": "ayushiiraghav: Which moisturizer you use?", "iZrQJYEpK1y-00089-00046400-00046600": "poi_wangkeeree: 😍😍😍 mayasofy11: R u french?", "iZrQJYEpK1y-00090-00048200-00048400": "rafatrujo3: Hola rfaptri17: Halo", "iZrQJYEpK1y-00091-00048600-00048800": "fajotinajustine: How many langguage do you know? hugirdaglica: رحێ🔥🔥 william250885: 😍", "iZrQJYEpK1y-00092-00049000-00049200": "neelroy777: 😍 angel_sep10: 😍", "iZrQJYEpK1y-00093-00049200-00049400": "ercispiko: Hello from TURKİSH", "iZrQJYEpK1y-00094-00049400-00049600": "balkismarzouki: I love uu⚘", "iZrQJYEpK1y-00095-00049600-00049800": "miguelmolina2200: Hello from Colombia 🇨🇴 👋 🇨🇴 haesa_pll5: Tu es plus en France ?", "iZrQJYEpK1y-00096-00050400-00050600": "thylaneblondeau: 😻😻😻😻😻lilll sist !!!!! How r u", "iZrQJYEpK1y-00097-00051400-00051600": "kaylienicoz: 👋 chachireecha: Thailand 🇹🇭", "iZrQJYEpK1y-00098-00051600-00051800": "ayushiiraghav: Do you colour your hair?", "iZrQJYEpK1y-00099-00051800-00052000": "arianmk.mk: How old are you? balkismarzouki: Ure beatiful 💄", "iZrQJYEpK1y-00100-00052200-00052400": "jrtiger2019: Thanks... For coming!!! I miss You... 1user_busy: Age?", "iZrQJYEpK1y-00101-00052800-00053000": "n.m.oor: 😍😍😍 ratna_.s: 😂😂😂 intannia83: Halo", "iZrQJYEpK1y-00102-00053000-00053200": "hamato.ss: Arabic rafaricolucas: Have a good day!! Im from Spain 😍", "iZrQJYEpK1y-00103-00053200-00053400": "y._.jii0005: 안녕하세요", "iZrQJYEpK1y-00104-00053400-00053600": "1st_lux_advice: 😍", "iZrQJYEpK1y-00105-00053600-00053800": "mihaela4379: Do you want to become an actress? whiskey_1954: 👋", "iZrQJYEpK1y-00106-00053800-00054000": "_.t.u.s.y.a._: 👋", "iZrQJYEpK1y-00107-00054000-00054200": "baycunoyan33: I m turkish pls speak turkish", "iZrQJYEpK1y-00108-00055800-00056000": "glbhr_pg: Pin this if you luv your fans💖💖💖💖💖💖💖💖💖💖💖💖💖💖💖💖💖💖💖💖💖💖💖💖💖💖💖💖💖💖💖", "iZrQJYEpK1y-00109-00056000-00056200": "ouma7359: L'atmosphère est très agréable et l'endroit pittoresque", "iZrQJYEpK1y-00110-00057800-00058000": "jel_jelnyta: Masih pagi mbak ipey_abdullah06: 😍 ferlobonegro: 😍", "iZrQJYEpK1y-00111-00059400-00059600": "benjalein00: 👋 _kartikeyan__: Ur fav word in French.. :)", "iZrQJYEpK1y-00112-00059600-00059800": "jaweher_boujmil: Sing", "iZrQJYEpK1y-00113-00060200-00060400": "rraismirza: whats with the sky? R u in Britain? hafsazirari4554: do you speak Arabic", "iZrQJYEpK1y-00114-00060600-00060800": "ma.rius974: 😍 princegill4112: 😍 tex_hunter: Hello", "iZrQJYEpK1y-00115-00062400-00062600": "ayushiiraghav: Say my name", "iZrQJYEpK1y-00116-00062600-00062800": "houuda.03: How did you learn french", "iZrQJYEpK1y-00117-00062800-00063000": "jakigonzalezhernandez50: You are my life 💖💖💖 milica_501: Are you in Paris?", "iZrQJYEpK1y-00118-00063000-00063200": "nouredinemarzouk: 😍", "iZrQJYEpK1y-00119-00063200-00063400": "abdo_laidoune: Hello kriti1030: Hey tbleynvisible: I love you😍", "iZrQJYEpK1y-00120-00063600-00063800": "nor_azmann.co: Hai you so pretty murtazauz: 😍", "iZrQJYEpK1y-00121-00063800-00064000": "kikixross530: What kind of person is Kristina Pimenova?", "iZrQJYEpK1y-00122-00064000-00064200": "jstnalmo: 😍 f_fk2003: 😍", "iZrQJYEpK1y-00123-00064200-00064400": "power_puffyy: ♥♥♥♥★★", "iZrQJYEpK1y-00124-00064400-00064600": "baibua_94: 😍", "iZrQJYEpK1y-00125-00064800-00065000": "princegill4112: I love u", "iZrQJYEpK1y-00126-00065000-00065200": "jaweher_boujmil: Sing please", "iZrQJYEpK1y-00127-00065200-00065400": "pedrocastillo613: 😍😍", "iZrQJYEpK1y-00128-00065600-00065800": "chloeouiyiu: Je parle un peu français ricardo_ub25: Do you do Homeschool?", "iZrQJYEpK1y-00129-00065800-00066000": "passionate_noor: 👋", "iZrQJYEpK1y-00130-00066200-00066400": "gmz.el: Bonjour its.sebastian.official: It’s still paused", "iZrQJYEpK1y-00131-00066400-00066600": "ka20and: 😍", "iZrQJYEpK1y-00132-00068200-00068400": "abdullahsaad448: Hello tesalonahavenjade: 😍", "iZrQJYEpK1y-00133-00068400-00068600": "balkismarzouki: ❤❤❤"}}, {"audio_id": "iZsKXQsL9dg", "text": {"iZsKXQsL9dg-00000-00000000-00000401": "Alright.", "iZsKXQsL9dg-00001-00000401-00000801": "So, sterile technique a couple of, hold on, oh sorry.", "iZsKXQsL9dg-00002-00000801-00001201": "Mine clicked off, where is the on button?", "iZsKXQsL9dg-00003-00001201-00001602": "You should just hit the uhm", "iZsKXQsL9dg-00004-00001602-00002002": "no, it probably is just the battery.", "iZsKXQsL9dg-00005-00002402-00002802": "Ok.", "iZsKXQsL9dg-00006-00003203-00003603": "Wait for a second, our camera.", "iZsKXQsL9dg-00007-00003603-00004003": "Ok.", "iZsKXQsL9dg-00008-00004003-00004403": "You're good? You don't have to get the shoes (laughing).", "iZsKXQsL9dg-00009-00004403-00004804": "I'm not getting the shoes (laughing). Alright, uhm so to start", "iZsKXQsL9dg-00010-00004804-00005204": "out just to talk about a couple of principles first. When you're setting up your", "iZsKXQsL9dg-00011-00005204-00005604": "sterile field of course, before you go into a patients room you want to gather all your supplies", "iZsKXQsL9dg-00012-00005604-00006005": "right? So make sure you have everything for your procedure first thing. Uhm.", "iZsKXQsL9dg-00013-00006005-00006405": "Then you want to clear the bed side table off. You might need to wipe it down", "iZsKXQsL9dg-00014-00006405-00006805": "with one of those sani-wipes, let that dry and then", "iZsKXQsL9dg-00015-00006805-00007206": "start setting up your sterile field before you start your procedure.", "iZsKXQsL9dg-00016-00007206-00007606": "A couple of things to remember. You never want to turn your back to your sterile", "iZsKXQsL9dg-00017-00007606-00008006": "field. You want to keep everything above the waste. Nothing", "iZsKXQsL9dg-00018-00008006-00008406": "below the waist. So if you go to throw something out in the trashcan", "iZsKXQsL9dg-00019-00008406-00008807": "you want to stay above your waist and just drop it, ok?", "iZsKXQsL9dg-00020-00008807-00009207": "So, uhm be mindful of that. You never want to bring your hands", "iZsKXQsL9dg-00021-00009207-00009607": "down because then you're considered non-sterile and you have to change", "iZsKXQsL9dg-00022-00009607-00010008": "your gloves and all of that. You probably don't want to wear anything too loose", "iZsKXQsL9dg-00023-00010008-00010408": "so that you're not touching, risking the chance of touching", "iZsKXQsL9dg-00024-00010408-00010808": "your sterile field with your clothing so just be mindful", "iZsKXQsL9dg-00025-00010808-00011208": "of those kinds of things. And so, ok, the first thing you want to do", "iZsKXQsL9dg-00026-00011208-00011609": "is your hand hygiene right? So you do your hand hygiene.", "iZsKXQsL9dg-00027-00011609-00012009": "A couple of things, your sterile water", "iZsKXQsL9dg-00028-00012009-00012409": "or whatever solution you are using should be sterile. So if", "iZsKXQsL9dg-00029-00012409-00012810": "the bottle is not prior, hasn't been priorly opened", "iZsKXQsL9dg-00030-00012810-00013210": "then you can go ahead and open and start to", "iZsKXQsL9dg-00031-00013210-00013610": "get ready to use it. But if it was opened prior to you using it,", "iZsKXQsL9dg-00032-00013610-00014010": "then we have to do something called lip the bottle. What you want to do", "iZsKXQsL9dg-00033-00014010-00014411": "is make sure that the label of the bottle is to the inside of your hand", "iZsKXQsL9dg-00034-00014411-00014811": "ok? Because when you lip your bottle or when your solutions out", "iZsKXQsL9dg-00035-00014811-00015212": "you know, sometimes liquid runs on the side and so you don't", "iZsKXQsL9dg-00036-00015212-00015612": "want it running down on your label. You want to still be able to read your label.", "iZsKXQsL9dg-00037-00015612-00016012": "So lipping the bottle, what does that mean? We take", "iZsKXQsL9dg-00038-00016012-00016413": "it, we open it and we go over the trashcan and just", "iZsKXQsL9dg-00039-00016413-00016813": "drop a little bit out. The rationale is, if there is a little", "iZsKXQsL9dg-00040-00016813-00017213": "bacteria sitting on the rim there before you start pouring, you wanna just get rid of that.", "iZsKXQsL9dg-00041-00017213-00017614": "So you only lip", "iZsKXQsL9dg-00042-00017614-00018014": "the bottle if it has already been opened. Most", "iZsKXQsL9dg-00043-00018014-00018414": "policies at facilities have, you can use", "iZsKXQsL9dg-00044-00018414-00018815": "a solution up to 24 hours. After 24 hours, if it has been opened", "iZsKXQsL9dg-00045-00018815-00019215": "for longer than that, you don't want to use the solution so you discard it.", "iZsKXQsL9dg-00046-00019215-00019616": "Ok? So if this were under 24 hours and this was prior", "iZsKXQsL9dg-00047-00019616-00020016": "opened prior to me coming in, I would go ahead and use it but first let me", "iZsKXQsL9dg-00048-00020016-00020417": "lip the bottle. So then you want to open", "iZsKXQsL9dg-00049-00020417-00020817": "your container or your", "iZsKXQsL9dg-00050-00020817-00021217": "package. When your", "iZsKXQsL9dg-00051-00021217-00021618": "opening your packages, remember that the outer 1 inch", "iZsKXQsL9dg-00052-00021618-00022018": "border of everything is considered non-sterile.", "iZsKXQsL9dg-00053-00022018-00022419": "The outside of the package is considered non-sterile. So if I am", "iZsKXQsL9dg-00054-00022419-00022819": "going to touch those things, I need to do it now. You know, if I want to move", "iZsKXQsL9dg-00055-00022819-00023220": "this around, I want to do it right now before I put my sterile gloves on.", "iZsKXQsL9dg-00056-00023220-00023620": "Most packages have sterile gloves inside, but I", "iZsKXQsL9dg-00057-00023620-00024021": "want to show the technique of opening a package of sterile gloves and putting", "iZsKXQsL9dg-00058-00024021-00024421": "a pair of sterile gloves on in a different way.", "iZsKXQsL9dg-00059-00024421-00024822": "And you will also see it done the other way later in lab.", "iZsKXQsL9dg-00060-00024822-00025222": "So what I would want to do is put my solution in right now.", "iZsKXQsL9dg-00061-00025222-00025623": "(pouring solution)", "iZsKXQsL9dg-00062-00025623-00026023": "Just be mindful I didn't do it the way that", "iZsKXQsL9dg-00063-00026023-00026424": "I am kind of backwards, but after you lip the bottle", "iZsKXQsL9dg-00064-00026424-00026824": "you want to be prepared to go ahead and pour it, not put the lid back on and then come back", "iZsKXQsL9dg-00065-00026824-00027225": "and pour it if that makes sense.", "iZsKXQsL9dg-00066-00027225-00027625": "Alright, so when you open you package make sure that", "iZsKXQsL9dg-00067-00027625-00028026": "you have things that are facing you and not away from you", "iZsKXQsL9dg-00068-00028026-00028427": "so if I have opened my package and I need to use these supplies, I don't want to have", "iZsKXQsL9dg-00069-00028427-00028827": "it this way ok? I want to have it where I an reach the things that I need.", "iZsKXQsL9dg-00070-00028827-00029227": "So, go ahead and move things", "iZsKXQsL9dg-00071-00029227-00029627": "out of your way before you open your package of gloves and when you're ready", "iZsKXQsL9dg-00072-00029627-00030027": "you have everything set up, go ahead and open this up", "iZsKXQsL9dg-00073-00030027-00030427": "get rid of this package.", "iZsKXQsL9dg-00074-00030427-00030827": "You want to be careful with", "iZsKXQsL9dg-00075-00030827-00031229": "bending these folds back really well, because if not they will come and fold", "iZsKXQsL9dg-00076-00031229-00031629": "back over onto your gloves while you're to put them on.", "iZsKXQsL9dg-00077-00031629-00032030": "So you want", "iZsKXQsL9dg-00078-00032030-00032431": "to take all four of your fingers, eight of your fingers", "iZsKXQsL9dg-00079-00032431-00032831": "on both hands and fold these back", "iZsKXQsL9dg-00080-00032831-00033232": "and see how my paper lays nice", "iZsKXQsL9dg-00081-00033232-00033633": "and flat. It is not folding back over so it won't get in my way. You", "iZsKXQsL9dg-00082-00033633-00034033": "want to start by putting on your dominant hand first. So you use your", "iZsKXQsL9dg-00083-00034033-00034434": "non-dominant hand, grab the cuff of the dominant hand", "iZsKXQsL9dg-00084-00034434-00034834": "glove and put that on first.", "iZsKXQsL9dg-00085-00034834-00035235": "Make sure you keep your hands up and away from you body", "iZsKXQsL9dg-00086-00035235-00035636": "and away from any supplies on the table because you want them to stay sterile.", "iZsKXQsL9dg-00087-00035636-00036036": "So to put the other hand on, glove on you take the", "iZsKXQsL9dg-00088-00036036-00036437": "forefingers of your dominant hand and go inside of the cuff where", "iZsKXQsL9dg-00089-00036437-00036837": "it is considered sterile.", "iZsKXQsL9dg-00090-00036837-00037238": "You want to open that up and kind of make a little pocket", "iZsKXQsL9dg-00091-00037238-00037638": "for you to slide your hand and notice I keep my thumb up and away from", "iZsKXQsL9dg-00092-00037638-00038039": "the cuff area.", "iZsKXQsL9dg-00093-00038039-00038440": "Then we struggle a little bit", "iZsKXQsL9dg-00094-00038440-00038841": "but then we get it on ok. So now if I", "iZsKXQsL9dg-00095-00038841-00039242": "wanted to fix this cuff on the right hand, I could do that by sliding a sterile", "iZsKXQsL9dg-00096-00039242-00039642": "finger through inside where it is still sterile", "iZsKXQsL9dg-00097-00039642-00040043": "and then just pull that down. So you want to be mindful of watches and", "iZsKXQsL9dg-00098-00040043-00040444": "things like that making sure that they are covered and out of the way or take them off before you", "iZsKXQsL9dg-00099-00040444-00040844": "start. Now, I can touch sterile-to-sterile. I can go like this.", "iZsKXQsL9dg-00100-00040844-00041245": "I can touch the things in my package. I can't touch the outside of the", "iZsKXQsL9dg-00101-00041245-00041646": "package. I can't touch that bottle. To get this out of", "iZsKXQsL9dg-00102-00041646-00042047": "my way, I can touch the middle of this paper. Pick that up", "iZsKXQsL9dg-00103-00042047-00042447": "and then just drop it out of the way and go ahead and proceed with your procedure.", "iZsKXQsL9dg-00104-00042447-00042848": "Ok? Any questions about that?", "iZsKXQsL9dg-00105-00042848-00043249": "(Student) Was there a certain amount of liquid that you put out", "iZsKXQsL9dg-00106-00043249-00043650": "of the head of the bottle? (Teacher) That just depends on what you're doing", "iZsKXQsL9dg-00107-00043650-00044050": "that comes with time and technique and you know", "iZsKXQsL9dg-00108-00044050-00044451": "getting comfortable with procedures.", "iZsKXQsL9dg-00109-00044451-00044852": "It really just depends on what you're about to do and how much you think", "iZsKXQsL9dg-00110-00044852-00045252": "you might need.", "iZsKXQsL9dg-00111-00045252-00045653": "Any other questions? Alright, to take", "iZsKXQsL9dg-00112-00045653-00046054": "these off, you do it the same way you would do any other normal glove.", "iZsKXQsL9dg-00113-00046054-00046455": "I grab the cuff, pull it down,", "iZsKXQsL9dg-00114-00046455-00046855": "grasp it in my hand, take a finger go up underneath where it's not", "iZsKXQsL9dg-00115-00046855-00047256": "dirty and pull this off and I can just grab", "iZsKXQsL9dg-00116-00047256-00048056": "those"}}, {"audio_id": "ia6jKAzuVSY", "text": {"ia6jKAzuVSY-00000-00000000-00000980": "art bit little creative different types of heart beat"}}, {"audio_id": "ia-D7eWEV74", "text": {"ia-D7eWEV74-00000-00000000-00000112": "[rattle rattle]", "ia-D7eWEV74-00001-00000324-00000560": "hush now quiet now it's time to la-", "ia-D7eWEV74-00002-00000560-00000704": "[bad attempt at ear rape begins]", "ia-D7eWEV74-00003-00000908-00000958": "r i p"}}, {"audio_id": "iaJShErWkjk", "text": {"iaJShErWkjk-00000-00000000-00021298": "Hi everyone. I hope you all have those beautiful blue skies and golden sunshine and all along the way. If you have 5 minutes of time I invite you to read the entire description. It's very important to understand various thins. Thanks in the case. Everyone, have a great day!"}}, {"audio_id": "ibsR7JqiI9g", "text": {"ibsR7JqiI9g-00000-00000000-00000088": "Agde, France", "ibsR7JqiI9g-00001-00000139-00000720": "Good morning. Peeps. This is Diane from France. I'm showing you my", "ibsR7JqiI9g-00002-00000813-00001583": "Bedroom window and my 800 year old house that I stayed in for two weeks. I'm leaving now, but I", "ibsR7JqiI9g-00003-00001653-00001853": "Just wanted to show you just the bedroom", "ibsR7JqiI9g-00004-00001921-00002121": "Which is huge?", "ibsR7JqiI9g-00005-00002178-00002378": "actually, oh", "ibsR7JqiI9g-00006-00002449-00002601": "bed", "ibsR7JqiI9g-00007-00002601-00003167": "And stone walls this goes up these stairs go up to", "ibsR7JqiI9g-00008-00003268-00003468": "the Terrace and a bike", "ibsR7JqiI9g-00009-00003555-00004202": "machine, but the most important thing is this window that I just love I don't know if you can see but I", "ibsR7JqiI9g-00010-00004267-00004467": "Hope so, so I'm opening it", "ibsR7JqiI9g-00011-00004789-00005123": "Which is wood lovely wood", "ibsR7JqiI9g-00012-00005403-00005771": "And then second part which is also wood", "ibsR7JqiI9g-00013-00006142-00006447": "Can you see this green door?", "ibsR7JqiI9g-00014-00006775-00007391": "to the second level oh this place the sun is just coming up and", "ibsR7JqiI9g-00015-00007681-00008454": "This is antique area well an ancient area. I should say and this is what I look out at my window", "ibsR7JqiI9g-00016-00008511-00008608": "I", "ibsR7JqiI9g-00017-00008608-00008808": "Just think it's fantastic", "ibsR7JqiI9g-00018-00008865-00009110": "the Old Doors and", "ibsR7JqiI9g-00019-00009163-00009329": "This building next to me", "ibsR7JqiI9g-00020-00009329-00009518": "I think is like a thousand years old", "ibsR7JqiI9g-00021-00009518-00010286": "and this is a a little bit of a touristy area people come here in the day and at night and", "ibsR7JqiI9g-00022-00010396-00010601": "celebrations and birthday parties and", "ibsR7JqiI9g-00023-00010665-00010865": "I'm leaving today, so", "ibsR7JqiI9g-00024-00010978-00011543": "On my way to March thing. I wanted to show you this window. Which I think is just fantastic", "ibsR7JqiI9g-00025-00011950-00012686": "Fantastic and then this goes down the steps yeah yeah, yeah down the steps. I'm gonna light on", "ibsR7JqiI9g-00026-00012853-00013205": "Down the steps this is how they get down the stairs", "ibsR7JqiI9g-00027-00013584-00014345": "To which is now a mess, but this is downstairs to the kitchen", "ibsR7JqiI9g-00028-00014613-00014813": "very cool", "ibsR7JqiI9g-00029-00014953-00015153": "I'm leaving so it's a mess", "ibsR7JqiI9g-00030-00015168-00015848": "I've got my suitcase almost ready to go little refrigerator and stone walls and", "ibsR7JqiI9g-00031-00015904-00016356": "Again, this is the stairs it was really fun here kind of hate leaving", "ibsR7JqiI9g-00032-00016356-00017018": "But I'm going to Marseille so see you soon Diane from Diane Abraha just showing you a little video", "ibsR7JqiI9g-00033-00017050-00017250": "from IJ france", "ibsR7JqiI9g-00034-00017323-00017523": "Bye, bye"}}, {"audio_id": "ib-SmQJrutA", "text": {"ib-SmQJrutA-00000-00000569-00000869": "Retainer", "ib-SmQJrutA-00001-00000869-00001231": "What is a retainer? A person who has finished there diet and it retaining that state with no yo-yo effect", "ib-SmQJrutA-00002-00001233-00001655": "Hello I am a retainer Yu Mi-rim who has been chosen", "ib-SmQJrutA-00003-00001655-00001811": "for this interview", "ib-SmQJrutA-00004-00001868-00002152": "Yu Mi-rim Liposuction Injection [LAMS] procedure 69kg ▶ 59kg Total Loss 10kg Maintaining for 6 months", "ib-SmQJrutA-00005-00002214-00002832": "Last year in August I had LAMS and was able to lose weight", "ib-SmQJrutA-00006-00002832-00003013": "10kg from 69kg to 59kg.", "ib-SmQJrutA-00007-00003113-00003320": "What was your physical condition before becoming a retainer?", "ib-SmQJrutA-00008-00003416-00003764": "I was overall, very chubby but after I gave birth", "ib-SmQJrutA-00009-00003764-00004335": "about 13kg increase of weight to 69kg the upper part of my body was very prominent I can cover my thighs with clothes such as", "ib-SmQJrutA-00010-00004335-00004823": "dresses or long t-shirts but there was no way to hide", "ib-SmQJrutA-00011-00004823-00004921": "the upper part of my body", "ib-SmQJrutA-00012-00004995-00005295": "My choice to become a retainer", "ib-SmQJrutA-00013-00005330-00005651": "I decided to diet before it became too late", "ib-SmQJrutA-00014-00005651-00005987": "Doing various diets, I had a lot of yo-yo effects", "ib-SmQJrutA-00015-00005987-00006556": "and I gained more weight so I was just about to give up when my work college", "ib-SmQJrutA-00016-00006556-00007064": "said they got LAMS It sounded new and the fact that the fat itself could be taken out", "ib-SmQJrutA-00017-00007064-00007639": "sounded more safer than liposuction and it worried me less so", "ib-SmQJrutA-00018-00007639-00008029": "I tried it There was a painful throbbing when the anesthesia is injected", "ib-SmQJrutA-00019-00008029-00008614": "but that's it. I think I just slept on the bed for about", "ib-SmQJrutA-00020-00008614-00008927": "two, three hours After I did LAMS on my thigh,", "ib-SmQJrutA-00021-00008927-00009452": "my thighs decreased 5.4cm and for my forearm", "ib-SmQJrutA-00022-00009452-00009839": "it was 4.6cm. I guess this is the effect", "ib-SmQJrutA-00023-00009839-00010023": "of LAMS", "ib-SmQJrutA-00024-00010023-00010320": "What are habits of becoming a retainer?", "ib-SmQJrutA-00025-00010320-00010700": "When I started dieting, I first took pictures so I won't forget my fat body", "ib-SmQJrutA-00026-00010700-00011135": "I took a picture every week on and on", "ib-SmQJrutA-00027-00011135-00011453": "I think that was the most important part,  checking my body shape", "ib-SmQJrutA-00028-00011453-00011999": "Honestly, the weight of your body changes if you have a single meal or just go to the restroom", "ib-SmQJrutA-00029-00011999-00012322": "First tip Checking your body line", "ib-SmQJrutA-00030-00012322-00012853": "LAMS injection drastically changes your shape. It made me feel like", "ib-SmQJrutA-00031-00012853-00013003": "I was still okay even if there was a yo-yo effect it became motivation for me to start again.", "ib-SmQJrutA-00032-00013013-00013209": "Second tip is fast gain fast loss", "ib-SmQJrutA-00033-00013209-00014003": "In the past, there wasn't even a fast gain(of weight).  I was already fat so I just gave up and kept eating", "ib-SmQJrutA-00034-00014003-00014563": "which lead to more weight gain, but now if I quickly gain weight, I know how to lose it", "ib-SmQJrutA-00035-00014563-00014955": "because my body remembers so I try to lose weight quickly", "ib-SmQJrutA-00036-00014955-00015305": "To people who are concerned about their weight", "ib-SmQJrutA-00037-00015362-00015868": "I always pondered about it. Should I do it or not Why doesn't it work for me even though I'm trying?", "ib-SmQJrutA-00038-00015868-00016446": "It turns out I didn't know how If you found out how to do it, you can become like me", "ib-SmQJrutA-00039-00016446-00016918": "no, you can become like other people All you have to do is start", "ib-SmQJrutA-00040-00016918-00017687": "So do your best and succeed and become a retainer like me. Fighting!"}}, {"audio_id": "ibYp32KK2r8", "text": {"ibYp32KK2r8-00000-00002266-00002466": "sans....", "ibYp32KK2r8-00001-00003404-00003461": "huh!", "ibYp32KK2r8-00002-00003461-00003511": "no", "ibYp32KK2r8-00003-00003552-00003768": "please take this away from me...", "ibYp32KK2r8-00004-00003768-00003946": "you're going to hurt yourself...", "ibYp32KK2r8-00005-00003946-00004040": "i won't hurt you!", "ibYp32KK2r8-00006-00004092-00004182": "who are you?", "ibYp32KK2r8-00007-00004240-00004420": "my name doesn't matter now...", "ibYp32KK2r8-00008-00004488-00004624": "you need to know this", "ibYp32KK2r8-00009-00004754-00004906": "some care but...", "ibYp32KK2r8-00010-00004958-00005126": "they'll lose it by time", "ibYp32KK2r8-00011-00005190-00005314": "others care but...", "ibYp32KK2r8-00012-00005380-00005580": "it'd be dangerous over time", "ibYp32KK2r8-00013-00005662-00005736": "but....", "ibYp32KK2r8-00014-00006012-00006284": "are you...either of them?", "ibYp32KK2r8-00015-00006444-00006562": "sans?", "ibYp32KK2r8-00016-00006734-00006888": "what are you doing?", "ibYp32KK2r8-00017-00006909-00006959": "huh...", "ibYp32KK2r8-00018-00007692-00007838": "was there someone here?", "ibYp32KK2r8-00019-00007876-00007930": "no...", "ibYp32KK2r8-00020-00008076-00008256": "there's ... no one here...", "ibYp32KK2r8-00021-00010536-00010602": "\"run code\"", "ibYp32KK2r8-00022-00010608-00010670": "\"execution complete\""}}, {"audio_id": "icdqRyA2wmu", "text": {"icdqRyA2wmu-00000-00000500-00000921": "I found out about Merton Priory because I used to walk through the", "icdqRyA2wmu-00001-00000921-00001500": "underpass to Merton Abbey Mills I could see that there was something there but I", "icdqRyA2wmu-00002-00001500-00001852": "couldn't see very much.", "icdqRyA2wmu-00003-00001852-00002065": "I knew this place existed but because it's all shut off", "icdqRyA2wmu-00004-00002065-00002380": "its I've never actually been underneath there and then during years ago when", "icdqRyA2wmu-00005-00002380-00002685": "there was the windows were open I've looked in and I kind of knew it was", "icdqRyA2wmu-00006-00002685-00002954": "something to do with English history.", "icdqRyA2wmu-00007-00002954-00003108": "I didn't find a whole blocked-up window to", "icdqRyA2wmu-00008-00003108-00003245": "be rather quite mysterious.", "icdqRyA2wmu-00009-00003245-00003411": "If you driving along the road you", "icdqRyA2wmu-00010-00003411-00003736": "wouldn't think about this sort of history underneath your feet like this", "icdqRyA2wmu-00011-00003736-00004170": "something that's so significant is kind of buried under this road.", "icdqRyA2wmu-00012-00004178-00004228": "It wasn't", "icdqRyA2wmu-00013-00004228-00004717": "until one of the open house weekends a few years ago that I actually went into", "icdqRyA2wmu-00014-00004717-00004999": "Merton Priory and saw how large it was.", "icdqRyA2wmu-00015-00004999-00005209": "Quite a revelation is like an", "icdqRyA2wmu-00016-00005209-00005805": "archaeological site under basically a road so completely shocking in a way, yes.", "icdqRyA2wmu-00017-00005805-00006153": "You know if this is such an important site and you look up there and there's", "icdqRyA2wmu-00018-00006153-00006592": "KFC and Pizza Hut what does it say about Britain. It'd be nice for future", "icdqRyA2wmu-00019-00006592-00006861": "generations to be able to see places like this.", "icdqRyA2wmu-00020-00006861-00007027": "We're in a sort of place that", "icdqRyA2wmu-00021-00007027-00007684": "no one knows about even local people who walk past the door every day still don't", "icdqRyA2wmu-00022-00007684-00008148": "know we're here at the moment it's more of a temporary museum open usually about", "icdqRyA2wmu-00023-00008148-00008536": "four or five times a year. The difficulty is of course that it's", "icdqRyA2wmu-00024-00008536-00009017": "just foundations and I think an awful lot of people to come here just don't", "icdqRyA2wmu-00025-00009017-00009503": "it was important it was and the enormous church that stood next to it and it was", "icdqRyA2wmu-00026-00009503-00010058": "300 feet long which is the size of Westminster Abbey. Merton Priory Chapter", "icdqRyA2wmu-00027-00010058-00010433": "House is quite different I suppose by exceptional it's a very unusual space", "icdqRyA2wmu-00028-00010433-00010819": "and very challenging project", "icdqRyA2wmu-00029-00010927-00011357": "this site has said of a checkered history Henry VIII's started the", "icdqRyA2wmu-00030-00011357-00011750": "ball rolling by knocking it down together and taking all the materials to", "icdqRyA2wmu-00031-00011750-00012247": "Nonsuch to build his palace there some archeology took place in the early 20th", "icdqRyA2wmu-00032-00012247-00012650": "century but the site had been systematically trashed and went on being", "icdqRyA2wmu-00033-00012650-00013151": "trashed through the 20th century there's a pylon next door and of course a road", "icdqRyA2wmu-00034-00013151-00013697": "over the top of us and loads and loads of flats and Industry and fast-food", "icdqRyA2wmu-00035-00013697-00014162": "restaurants culminating in the Sainsbury's supermarket but we have at", "icdqRyA2wmu-00036-00014162-00014713": "least that to thank for the archaeology which has rediscovered the site. I was", "icdqRyA2wmu-00037-00014713-00015425": "here in March 1987 when we excavated the main Church next door and part of those", "icdqRyA2wmu-00038-00015425-00016094": "excavations were the preservation of the chapter house in a way. My grandfather said", "icdqRyA2wmu-00039-00016094-00016493": "that he was going to volunteer on the the dig at the Priory", "icdqRyA2wmu-00040-00016493-00016981": "on Sunday mornings and would like to go along with him we were told we only had", "icdqRyA2wmu-00041-00016981-00017363": "access to the site for so long because then Sainsbury's need to begin works", "icdqRyA2wmu-00042-00017363-00017819": "there but it was a period of I don't know maybe six months. Most of the finds", "icdqRyA2wmu-00043-00017819-00018290": "from the excavation are in store at the Museum London noticeably including like", "icdqRyA2wmu-00044-00018290-00018856": "seven hundred and forty skeletons and all the pottery animal bones. Obviously", "icdqRyA2wmu-00045-00018856-00019231": "priorites have an awful lot of bodies underneath them I think I have some", "icdqRyA2wmu-00046-00019231-00019723": "memory of different coffins so most of it was excavating skeletons of there", "icdqRyA2wmu-00047-00019723-00020263": "presumably the monks that had been buried under the Priory. One Sunday we", "icdqRyA2wmu-00048-00020263-00020623": "actually had a couple of priests there and I said oh they've been sent by the", "icdqRyA2wmu-00049-00020623-00020998": "Catholic Church because we are effectively exhuming these bodies so", "icdqRyA2wmu-00050-00020998-00021401": "they've come to bless them so there was a ceremony conducted where they gave", "icdqRyA2wmu-00051-00021401-00021851": "their approval for the dig to continue. I was absolutely thrilled when Sainsbury's", "icdqRyA2wmu-00052-00021851-00022268": "had finished the excavation to be presented with the key to this place now", "icdqRyA2wmu-00053-00022268-00022616": "so there's no money to steal what you like with it so we started doing all", "icdqRyA2wmu-00054-00022616-00023213": "sorts of things like art exhibitions, music, religious services, Shakespeare.", "icdqRyA2wmu-00055-00023213-00023645": "All on a shoestring - very Spartan. no loos here it's very cold", "icdqRyA2wmu-00056-00023645-00024155": "many many historical dramas also which were connected with Merton Priory, for example", "icdqRyA2wmu-00057-00024155-00024719": "Thomas Becket was educated here and we did the Beckett play really it's", "icdqRyA2wmu-00058-00024719-00025163": "Merton's oldest building you know it's internationally important as a site.", "icdqRyA2wmu-00059-00025163-00025586": "It's actually the first law in the English statute book called The Statute of", "icdqRyA2wmu-00060-00025586-00026188": "Merton named after this place and it was signed by Henry III in this room", "icdqRyA2wmu-00061-00026188-00026683": "so you can see that it is really at the very center of their historic London", "icdqRyA2wmu-00062-00026683-00027133": "right next week to the right is William Morris's work so we got Morris & Co.", "icdqRyA2wmu-00063-00027133-00027707": "over here from 1881 to 1940 so we've got a double link there to learn about", "icdqRyA2wmu-00064-00027707-00028252": "Morris and Merton. We have Liberty's works we have Morden Hall Park", "icdqRyA2wmu-00065-00028252-00028619": "we have the River Wandle the extraordinary industrial history of the", "icdqRyA2wmu-00066-00028619-00029091": "Wandle and this is right in the center of it and I think it deserves to become", "icdqRyA2wmu-00067-00029091-00029803": "a major public attraction it's a site good for anyone really all ages certainly", "icdqRyA2wmu-00068-00029803-00030230": "children love it because the archaeology for kids some drawings and paintings and", "icdqRyA2wmu-00069-00030230-00030820": "the parents dropped him off for they go shopping. It wasn't until about 11 years ago", "icdqRyA2wmu-00070-00030820-00031295": "when we had the Wandle Valley festival and that's how I really got going with the", "icdqRyA2wmu-00071-00031295-00031745": "displays in the chapter house at that time a lot of the stonework you see that", "icdqRyA2wmu-00072-00031745-00032207": "the coffins and the pieces of column were scattered around the floor so it's", "icdqRyA2wmu-00073-00032207-00032663": "quite challenge to actually get them on display to show them to the public there", "icdqRyA2wmu-00074-00032663-00033101": "was a stage right behind me there was the stage of the theater and that", "icdqRyA2wmu-00075-00033101-00033650": "became our display stands for the stone a bit tatty now but everything you", "icdqRyA2wmu-00076-00033650-00033831": "see around here has all recycled.", "icdqRyA2wmu-00077-00033831-00034078": "Because a lot of the archaeology was reburied", "icdqRyA2wmu-00078-00034078-00034438": "when the structure above our heads was constructed", "icdqRyA2wmu-00079-00034438-00034958": "it's a voyage of rediscovery of what was found previous we're still removing sand", "icdqRyA2wmu-00080-00034958-00035297": "deposits which were put in place in the 1980s", "icdqRyA2wmu-00081-00035297-00035546": "One part of that removal of sand", "icdqRyA2wmu-00082-00035546-00035893": "is actually see the conditions wants to see if they need preparing for", "icdqRyA2wmu-00083-00035893-00036324": "the new phase of work.", "icdqRyA2wmu-00084-00036324-00036499": "Phase one really is concentrating on access making it", "icdqRyA2wmu-00085-00036499-00037135": "much more widely known about appreciated for what it is and for what it was so", "icdqRyA2wmu-00086-00037135-00037525": "the first thing we're going to do is knock down the whole of the south wall", "icdqRyA2wmu-00087-00037525-00038062": "that comes down and is replaced with a glass wall showing the proper route", "icdqRyA2wmu-00088-00038062-00038410": "around a much more organized museum.", "icdqRyA2wmu-00089-00038410-00038740": "Having natural lights sort of cast", "icdqRyA2wmu-00090-00038740-00039169": "shadows over the archaeology and really bringing that texture alive is something", "icdqRyA2wmu-00091-00039169-00039352": "that we're really driving towards.", "icdqRyA2wmu-00092-00039352-00039568": "The history of London is literally under", "icdqRyA2wmu-00093-00039568-00039994": "your feet in layers and I suppose that will bring that to life for people about", "icdqRyA2wmu-00094-00039994-00040320": "how the land has changed use over hundreds of years.", "icdqRyA2wmu-00095-00040320-00040459": "It's very very hard to", "icdqRyA2wmu-00096-00040459-00041005": "explain what was actually here and I thought of doing modules and all kinds", "icdqRyA2wmu-00097-00041005-00041437": "of things but now we have at our disposal the perfect solution which is", "icdqRyA2wmu-00098-00041437-00042100": "computers. On a computer you can build your own Priory out of the Foundation's", "icdqRyA2wmu-00099-00042100-00042472": "so we really want really nice interactive equipment down here", "icdqRyA2wmu-00100-00042472-00042920": "really to teach particularly children this extraordinary rich heritage.", "icdqRyA2wmu-00101-00042920-00043260": "It's quite challenged doing in this space.", "icdqRyA2wmu-00102-00043328-00043564": "Everything you see here really is under", "icdqRyA2wmu-00103-00043564-00044008": "different ownership then we've got various channels of sign-off before we", "icdqRyA2wmu-00104-00044008-00044058": "can actually build anything or indeed start digging a hole.", "icdqRyA2wmu-00105-00044058-00044341": "We can't have", "icdqRyA2wmu-00106-00044341-00044707": "heating for example because it has to be ventilated because it's under a road", "icdqRyA2wmu-00107-00044707-00044918": "it's not really a building at all.", "icdqRyA2wmu-00108-00044918-00045148": "Everything that we're sort of standing", "icdqRyA2wmu-00109-00045148-00045574": "on the whole site is scheduled ancient monuments so we've got to speak to a", "icdqRyA2wmu-00110-00045574-00045624": "heritage England we've also got to worry about TFL on the road bridge.", "icdqRyA2wmu-00111-00045624-00046105": "It's the", "icdqRyA2wmu-00112-00046105-00046549": "question really of trying to erect something underneath the road without", "icdqRyA2wmu-00113-00046549-00046866": "actually touching the road I don't know whether you ever lived in a", "icdqRyA2wmu-00114-00046866-00047232": "house where you own the floor but somebody else ends the ceiling it's", "icdqRyA2wmu-00115-00047232-00047610": "perfectly true here. We're employed by the London borough of Merton who owned the", "icdqRyA2wmu-00116-00047610-00048177": "land that we're stood on but we're also having to please the trust. The Merton Priory Chapter", "icdqRyA2wmu-00117-00048177-00048597": "House Trust. For the building of the new glass walls we have to see what survives", "icdqRyA2wmu-00118-00048597-00049040": "under the ground and how the new glass wall would avoid the archaeology.", "icdqRyA2wmu-00119-00049040-00049113": "All the", "icdqRyA2wmu-00120-00049113-00049476": "way from the beginning we had to put down all of the sort of risks that we", "icdqRyA2wmu-00121-00049476-00049866": "could foresee one of them as the environmental performance.", "icdqRyA2wmu-00122-00049866-00050298": "There's no damp-proof course in these foundations and it's very near the water", "icdqRyA2wmu-00123-00050298-00050745": "table. We've done a fair amount of work to consolidate their masonry loose", "icdqRyA2wmu-00124-00050745-00051183": "Flint's particularly there which have come loose over the years. So we're", "icdqRyA2wmu-00125-00051183-00051621": "aiming with phase one to open this out and make people aware of what's here and", "icdqRyA2wmu-00126-00051621-00052191": "when further building is done audience facilities and things like that lighting", "icdqRyA2wmu-00127-00052191-00052764": "then that will enable us to become a proper social venues I have in mind", "icdqRyA2wmu-00128-00052764-00053271": "things that medieval banquets players of course music I'm really looking forward", "icdqRyA2wmu-00129-00053271-00054003": "to heasr the wedding march down here. Hahaha! I think it would be quite intersested to go there and actually to take my children as well and", "icdqRyA2wmu-00130-00054003-00054435": "tell them that that was something that not only I was involved in that my", "icdqRyA2wmu-00131-00054435-00054762": "grandparents their great-grandparents that they don't remember. It's going to be", "icdqRyA2wmu-00132-00054762-00055104": "a 10 year job this, and it's already been a 20 year job as far as I'm concerned", "icdqRyA2wmu-00133-00055104-00055557": "maybe it's going to be 30 years between the excavation of the site and the", "icdqRyA2wmu-00134-00055557-00056010": "completion of it as a proper community resource. So that'd be good for the", "icdqRyA2wmu-00135-00056010-00056451": "public to actually learn a lot more about it so we've got Liberty's and the", "icdqRyA2wmu-00136-00056451-00056769": "watermill at Merton Abbey Mills and history of the wandle and Merton and William Morris. We've", "icdqRyA2wmu-00137-00056769-00057051": "got over a thousand years of education here", "icdqRyA2wmu-00138-00057051-00057603": "waiting to happen. I think accessibility is very important", "icdqRyA2wmu-00139-00057603-00057975": "rather than being open two days in a year if it would be possible for people", "icdqRyA2wmu-00140-00057975-00058350": "to go and see often even at the weekend that would be great.", "icdqRyA2wmu-00141-00058350-00058800": "No I'm just waiting for Phase two when it completed how it will look and I", "icdqRyA2wmu-00142-00058800-00059199": "would like to see more history that's very good for the future. A like the fact", "icdqRyA2wmu-00143-00059199-00059469": "that there's a project underway to bring more light in and it kind of have more", "icdqRyA2wmu-00144-00059469-00059904": "pride in the place. You'll be able to revive the history of this area because", "icdqRyA2wmu-00145-00059904-00060222": "now we surrounded all this concrete new buildings about I think much more", "icdqRyA2wmu-00146-00060222-00060678": "importantly is for people to realize how interesting this area had been you know", "icdqRyA2wmu-00147-00060678-00061004": "for centuries really."}}, {"audio_id": "icRW5TEfrx8", "text": {"icRW5TEfrx8-00000-00000416-00000572": "So this is not my first time,", "icRW5TEfrx8-00001-00000572-00000788": "I have had the honor of being here many times", "icRW5TEfrx8-00002-00000790-00001184": "and I think Thierry de Montbrial, Song-Nim,", "icRW5TEfrx8-00003-00001184-00001512": "and the whole team does an extraordinary job.", "icRW5TEfrx8-00004-00001512-00001789": "I think the World Policy Conference is truly unique.", "icRW5TEfrx8-00005-00001789-00002080": "Some of the best conversations that I have had on these kinds of issues", "icRW5TEfrx8-00006-00002080-00002156": "have been here,", "icRW5TEfrx8-00007-00002157-00002454": "and in part because of the way it is organized,", "icRW5TEfrx8-00008-00002454-00002658": "in part because of the size", "icRW5TEfrx8-00009-00002658-00002898": "and in part because Thierry's leadership", "icRW5TEfrx8-00010-00002898-00003132": "and willing to go directly to the heart", "icRW5TEfrx8-00011-00003132-00003254": "of the most important issue.", "icRW5TEfrx8-00012-00003254-00003452": "So it is an honor to be here again.", "icRW5TEfrx8-00013-00003452-00003782": "I think we were talking about the intersection", "icRW5TEfrx8-00014-00003782-00004088": "between technology, society and democracy", "icRW5TEfrx8-00015-00004088-00004266": "specifically on this panel.", "icRW5TEfrx8-00016-00004298-00004414": "One of the concerns is that", "icRW5TEfrx8-00017-00004414-00004640": "citizens participating in a democracy", "icRW5TEfrx8-00018-00004640-00004885": "simply do not understand how technology has become", "icRW5TEfrx8-00019-00004886-00005038": "the connective tissue", "icRW5TEfrx8-00020-00005040-00005374": "between citizens, between citizens and their institutions,", "icRW5TEfrx8-00021-00005374-00005768": "so machines, apps, data is everywhere", "icRW5TEfrx8-00022-00005768-00005970": "and indeed our freedom of thought", "icRW5TEfrx8-00023-00005970-00006286": "is even algorithmically infiltrated to some extent.", "icRW5TEfrx8-00024-00006286-00006490": "We are being subjected to social media,", "icRW5TEfrx8-00025-00006490-00006794": "to advertising this algorithmically controlled.", "icRW5TEfrx8-00026-00006794-00006995": "Citizens do not understand this,", "icRW5TEfrx8-00027-00006995-00007284": "so it becomes very hard for citizens to understand", "icRW5TEfrx8-00028-00007284-00007420": "how they should behave,", "icRW5TEfrx8-00029-00007420-00007628": "how they should hold their leaders to account,", "icRW5TEfrx8-00030-00007628-00007898": "and sometimes indeed how they should vote,", "icRW5TEfrx8-00031-00007898-00008080": "but also where risk is", "icRW5TEfrx8-00032-00008152-00008340": "and where opportunity is.", "icRW5TEfrx8-00033-00008340-00008746": "Is artificial intelligence the next great diagnostic tool for medicine?", "icRW5TEfrx8-00034-00008746-00009238": "Could artificial intelligence could that citizens don't have any privacy anymore?", "icRW5TEfrx8-00035-00009238-00009528": "I think one of the fundamental challenges is to make sure", "icRW5TEfrx8-00036-00009528-00009714": "that citizens can catch up", "icRW5TEfrx8-00037-00009714-00010043": "with the technology in some fundamental understanding", "icRW5TEfrx8-00038-00010044-00010268": "so that we all can develop a point of view", "icRW5TEfrx8-00039-00010268-00010400": "on the ethics matters", "icRW5TEfrx8-00040-00010400-00010524": "and not have the ethics", "icRW5TEfrx8-00041-00010524-00010680": "determined by the large corporates", "icRW5TEfrx8-00042-00010680-00010804": "or even by government.", "icRW5TEfrx8-00043-00010818-00010998": "I think the fundamental point is that", "icRW5TEfrx8-00044-00010998-00011324": "technology does not erase age-old ills.", "icRW5TEfrx8-00045-00011324-00011608": "It does not erase hate speech or sex trafficking", "icRW5TEfrx8-00046-00011608-00011880": "or bullying. In fact, it amplifies it.", "icRW5TEfrx8-00047-00011906-00012134": "So one of the things we are seeing today is", "icRW5TEfrx8-00048-00012134-00012374": "an epidemic of teen suicides", "icRW5TEfrx8-00049-00012374-00012622": "linked to bullying on social media.", "icRW5TEfrx8-00050-00012636-00012976": "Why? Because there does not seem to be anywhere to escape", "icRW5TEfrx8-00051-00012976-00013184": "once something is out there on the Internet,", "icRW5TEfrx8-00052-00013184-00013419": "nor is there any way to know just how far", "icRW5TEfrx8-00053-00013419-00013678": "some of the content that is bullying has gone,", "icRW5TEfrx8-00054-00013678-00013763": "who has seen it.", "icRW5TEfrx8-00055-00013763-00013980": "It is very different from, for example,", "icRW5TEfrx8-00056-00013980-00014108": "being bullied in a playground", "icRW5TEfrx8-00057-00014108-00014410": "where one can leave or change schools.", "icRW5TEfrx8-00058-00014454-00014812": "Similarly we're seeing all manner of infiltration", "icRW5TEfrx8-00059-00014812-00015128": "through advertising, through social media,", "icRW5TEfrx8-00060-00015168-00015406": "Everyone has heard about fake news", "icRW5TEfrx8-00061-00015406-00015590": "but all manner of distortion.", "icRW5TEfrx8-00062-00015590-00015754": "It is very hard to figure out", "icRW5TEfrx8-00063-00015754-00015916": "what is actually the truth.", "icRW5TEfrx8-00064-00015916-00016122": "In part because the sheer volume", "icRW5TEfrx8-00065-00016122-00016306": "of the information that we have,", "icRW5TEfrx8-00066-00016306-00016500": "but again, in part because we do not understand", "icRW5TEfrx8-00067-00016500-00016658": "how the algorithms are working", "icRW5TEfrx8-00068-00016658-00016882": "that are sorting what comes to us."}}, {"audio_id": "icZ49rv99sc", "text": {"icZ49rv99sc-00000-00000016-00000472": "I’m going to play you a couple of jokes by British-Irish comedian Jimmy Carr", "icZ49rv99sc-00001-00000472-00000953": "from his Netflix Special, “His Dark Material”. Here’s the first one.", "icZ49rv99sc-00002-00004184-00004330": "And here’s the second one.", "icZ49rv99sc-00003-00008480-00008920": "In his own defence, he said he thought the first joke was “f**king funny”,", "icZ49rv99sc-00004-00008920-00009496": "“edgy as hell” and had an “educational value”. “It’s a joke about the worst thing that’s ever", "icZ49rv99sc-00005-00009496-00010040": "happened in human history, and people say ‘never forget’, well this is how I remember.", "icZ49rv99sc-00006-00010040-00010552": "There is an educational quality. Like everyone in the room knows 6 million Jewish people lost", "icZ49rv99sc-00007-00010552-00011016": "their lives to the Nazis during the second world war. But a lot of people don’t know,", "icZ49rv99sc-00008-00011016-00011552": "because it’s not really taught in our schools, that the Nazis also killed, in their thousands,", "icZ49rv99sc-00009-00011552-00012008": "Gypsies, homosexuals, disabled people and Jehovah’s Witnesses”.", "icZ49rv99sc-00010-00012072-00012592": "My opinion is this: I don’t like Jimmy’s jokes. I think they’re pretty offensive.", "icZ49rv99sc-00011-00012592-00013016": "However, I’d prefer to live in a world where I get offended from time to time", "icZ49rv99sc-00012-00013016-00013591": "than one where someone tells us what we can or cannot say. I think it’s pretty straightforward.", "icZ49rv99sc-00013-00013591-00014112": "If you don’t like his jokes, good, don’t watch him – that’s what I’m planning to do. What about", "icZ49rv99sc-00014-00014112-00014738": "yourself? Should Jimmy Carr be making jokes about genocide and vaccination? Should he be cancelled?"}}, {"audio_id": "idgclSokI4o", "text": {"idgclSokI4o-00000-00000016-00000344": "hey what's going on guys welcome back to another video it's enchanted boomerang here while i'm", "idgclSokI4o-00001-00000344-00000824": "gonna be showing you if this remote could actually produce light that we can't see with the human eye", "idgclSokI4o-00002-00000824-00001312": "and this light can be called infrared light if you don't know what infrared light is it's a", "idgclSokI4o-00003-00001312-00001864": "light that humans can't see and to see if this remote produces infrared light or not", "idgclSokI4o-00004-00001864-00002456": "we're going to be using one of these little like circuits and it's not that big and it", "idgclSokI4o-00005-00002456-00003048": "involves a photo transmitter connected to a light so when this photo transmitter closes the circuit", "idgclSokI4o-00006-00003048-00003656": "by detecting light it will turn this light on so let me turn off the lights and show you how this", "idgclSokI4o-00007-00003656-00004040": "works now you can only see that I turn off one light the video is not gonna be too high of a", "idgclSokI4o-00008-00004040-00004576": "quality if it's just one light i'm gonna grab the remote right here and then i'm gonna just directly", "idgclSokI4o-00009-00004576-00005024": "shine it at the photo transmitter and you can see the light turn on right here", "idgclSokI4o-00010-00005416-00005848": "you can see that it produces light the reason is is because this does produce light", "idgclSokI4o-00011-00005848-00006400": "how well obviously double a batteries so there's a photo transmitter to your tv so we can take the", "idgclSokI4o-00012-00006400-00006856": "light out of here and then use batteries to power it up or something but the kit I have", "idgclSokI4o-00013-00006856-00007392": "has a infrared light unfortunately I couldn't get this circuit to work and I don't know why so", "idgclSokI4o-00014-00007392-00007880": "I had the light getting connected from positive to negative so the circuit could close through", "idgclSokI4o-00015-00007880-00008320": "but I have this other part of the circuit right here that's not working and not producing any", "idgclSokI4o-00016-00008320-00008904": "light and that was only when I would connect this to it so when I just take that light off", "idgclSokI4o-00017-00008904-00009384": "it works just fine with the remote the light the light might be broken I don't know but it's", "idgclSokI4o-00018-00009384-00009808": "not working anyway I hope you guys enjoyed the video please make sure to leave a big fat like", "idgclSokI4o-00019-00009808-00010296": "and subscribe if you enjoyed it and enjoy it as well we'll see you next time rock the rolls bye"}}, {"audio_id": "idhJ3nh__du", "text": {"idhJ3nh__du-00000-00000000-00000976": "Welcome to the Business Library. I'm Melissa Johnson and this video will demonstrate how to find market research in Mintel.", "idhJ3nh__du-00001-00000992-00001616": "From the Business Library's homepage, click on Business Databases in the middle.", "idhJ3nh__du-00002-00001623-00002084": "Choose the letter M and then Mintel.", "idhJ3nh__du-00003-00002088-00002754": "Mintel is a restricted resource which means that as a current student you can use it as much as you ...", "idhJ3nh__du-00004-00002754-00003305": "want; however, after you graduate, you won't be able to use this database anymore.", "idhJ3nh__du-00005-00003340-00004036": "Once you've logged in using your SMU ID and password, you'll need to accept the academic use of terms.", "idhJ3nh__du-00006-00004047-00004823": "As always, if you have any questions, please do not hesitate to contact your Business Library for more information."}}, {"audio_id": "idJ3ZGy-1oo", "text": {"idJ3ZGy-1oo-00000-00000000-00000700": "In this video we do a review for VidIQ an application used with Youtube in order to make better tags, setting up your videos with Subtitles, Closed Captions, and more. In this episode I go through those added perks that VidIQ offers and I also include the channel they have and what it is like. I hope you ejoy the video. If you do please like, subscribe, and share? Thanks for watching.", "idJ3ZGy-1oo-00001-00000700-00001400": "Music provided by youtube.comXimerTracks Music provided by uncopyrightedmusic.net https://youtu.be/Ipg3hyEy1Iw", "idJ3ZGy-1oo-00002-00001400-00002100": "#VideoReviewForVidIQ #videoreviewforvidiq #VideoReview #videoreview #ReviewForVidIQ #reviewforvidiq #Video #video #Review #review #VidIQ #vidiq #ApplicationUsedWithYoutube #applicationusedwithyoutube #UsedWithYoutube #usedwithyoutube #ApplicationUsed #applicationused #Application #application #Used #used #Youtube #youtube #BetterTags #bettertags #Tags #tags #SettingUpYourVideos #settingupyourvideos #SettingUp #settingup #YourVideo #yourvideo #Video #video #SubtitlesClosedCaptionsAndMore #subtitlesclosedcaptionsandmore", "idJ3ZGy-1oo-00003-00002100-00002800": "#Subtitles #subtitles #ClosedCaptions #closedcaptions #Captions #captions #More #more #Episode #episode #Perks #perks #Channel #channel #Enjoy #enjoy #Like #like #Subscribe #subscribe #Share #share #Thanks #thanks"}}, {"audio_id": "ie8dC5sfKeI", "text": {"ie8dC5sfKeI-00000-00000832-00001168": "It all started when twinkle toes and hook boy played a little too", "ie8dC5sfKeI-00001-00001168-00001592": "deep and my pussycat stole the kill just for fun. Great start.", "ie8dC5sfKeI-00002-00001672-00002023": "But it isn't league if you don't have a ramus that dies farming,", "ie8dC5sfKeI-00003-00002023-00002472": "and ALT F4's to go fill up his bubble bath to disengage from his meaningless life.", "ie8dC5sfKeI-00004-00002568-00002624": "Anywho...", "ie8dC5sfKeI-00005-00002704-00003192": "A few moments later, young Link completely ignores all my feathers and get's deleted.", "ie8dC5sfKeI-00006-00003279-00003784": "Thresh also forgets I have a Yuumi and we go balls to the wall to get the 2 for 1 special.", "ie8dC5sfKeI-00007-00003872-00004472": "Still chilling in the bot lane, Catwoman decides to go for the, no luck all skill ult,", "ie8dC5sfKeI-00008-00004472-00005024": "and gives me a sweet little double kill. Oh wait, she still took a kill for herself.", "ie8dC5sfKeI-00009-00005120-00005624": "In classic jungler fashion, break time was over and it is time to get back into it.", "ie8dC5sfKeI-00010-00005712-00005784": "Never mind", "ie8dC5sfKeI-00011-00005872-00006144": "And like the cocky little furry couple we are,", "ie8dC5sfKeI-00012-00006144-00006600": "we overextend like an arm of an NBA player and get double smacked back to bed.", "ie8dC5sfKeI-00013-00006680-00007136": "But lightning McQueen over here felt a little too confident after that little fight,", "ie8dC5sfKeI-00014-00007136-00007384": "and that is unacceptable as a fellow ADC.", "ie8dC5sfKeI-00015-00007464-00007831": "And right on queue, Ezreal bit of a little more than he could chew.", "ie8dC5sfKeI-00016-00007912-00008344": "I had to give it to them, even after getting molly whopped in the bot lane,", "ie8dC5sfKeI-00017-00008344-00008632": "they still were cocky enough to not run away and they got", "ie8dC5sfKeI-00018-00008632-00008992": "absolutely blasted while I pretty much misplayed all my abilities.", "ie8dC5sfKeI-00019-00009088-00009288": "at this point the Volibear could envision the", "ie8dC5sfKeI-00020-00009288-00009600": "future and for the first time in forever I totally agreed,", "ie8dC5sfKeI-00021-00009696-00009992": "But classic thresh with the trap card.", "ie8dC5sfKeI-00022-00009992-00010600": "Bot lane became very dirty, and a clean-up on aisle 2 needed to be done. So right after", "ie8dC5sfKeI-00023-00010600-00011144": "buying a Galeforce and tactically holding on to it for future use, I barely get both of them.", "ie8dC5sfKeI-00024-00011144-00011624": "Announcement, before we continue, don't forget to like and subscribe,", "ie8dC5sfKeI-00025-00011624-00011936": "or else you will lose all your ranked games this month.", "ie8dC5sfKeI-00026-00011936-00012400": "At this point I am getting very confused by the enemy bot lane and their misplaced judgment.", "ie8dC5sfKeI-00027-00012496-00013047": "So after again, some perfect misplaced feathers, they entered the shadow realm once again.", "ie8dC5sfKeI-00028-00013136-00013624": "While I am just doing ADC things, I heard some squealing in the jungle,", "ie8dC5sfKeI-00029-00013624-00014080": "so I threw some DNA behind them and took their souls and my own feathers back with me.", "ie8dC5sfKeI-00030-00014168-00014704": "While we are still down 1 jungler, the enemy team would like to end quickly before I Xayah in", "ie8dC5sfKeI-00031-00014704-00015304": "their face. So full ARAM mode, I miss my whole ult and almost get nothing out of it.", "ie8dC5sfKeI-00032-00015400-00015880": "But, shit for brains still challenges me while taking turret damage for the easy kill.", "ie8dC5sfKeI-00033-00015976-00016296": "Volibear almost catches me but spamming the E button like a", "ie8dC5sfKeI-00034-00016296-00016648": "degenerate lands me the stun and the easy chase down for the double kill.", "ie8dC5sfKeI-00035-00016744-00017160": "Thresh and Kayne both positioned like 2 dogs at a Chinese meat market gives me", "ie8dC5sfKeI-00036-00017160-00017544": "the 2 easiest kills of the game so far. Thanks guys.", "ie8dC5sfKeI-00037-00017632-00018120": "A complete Deja Vu. Another mid-lane cocky push and again a very aggressive", "ie8dC5sfKeI-00038-00018120-00018696": "and perfectly placed R gave us the edge. The rest ran away and like the total chad I am,", "ie8dC5sfKeI-00039-00018696-00019328": "I use Flash instead of Galeforce because, fuck it, who needs flash, and finish off 2 more.", "ie8dC5sfKeI-00040-00019416-00019784": "At this point I am fully Korean build and I am looking for trouble.", "ie8dC5sfKeI-00041-00019840-00020352": "In my opinion, the best way to contribute is to eat this magic girl's bathwater bubble", "ie8dC5sfKeI-00042-00020352-00020776": "to instantly lose my GA and to now panic ult and just hope for the best.", "ie8dC5sfKeI-00043-00021128-00021360": "Would you look at that, it kinda worked.", "ie8dC5sfKeI-00044-00021448-00022000": "Another mid push starts and Kayn doesn't value his own life anymore, so I helped him out a bit.", "ie8dC5sfKeI-00045-00022096-00022624": "Thresh overstays a little bit and gets BangBro'd by Yuumi. Ezreal likes to get", "ie8dC5sfKeI-00046-00022624-00023152": "in on the action so I gave her the. Here you go, eat some bird doo-doo and go back to base soup.", "ie8dC5sfKeI-00047-00023240-00023584": "Now I started feeling bad and so I wanted to spare his life.", "ie8dC5sfKeI-00048-00023680-00023992": "But this Korean build is just too potent.", "ie8dC5sfKeI-00049-00023992-00024424": "At this point skill isn't even relevant anymore, the amount of damage I do", "ie8dC5sfKeI-00050-00024424-00024800": "is higher than the average middle-aged Karen to your convenience store manager.", "ie8dC5sfKeI-00051-00024888-00025136": "Thresh calls us out by screaming menacingly.", "ie8dC5sfKeI-00052-00025216-00025384": "And of course he got smacked as well.", "ie8dC5sfKeI-00053-00025496-00025912": "And just in time, the AFK Ramus came back to get his deserved win", "ie8dC5sfKeI-00054-00026008-00026383": "meanwhile, Volibear acts drunk and starts to bounce across our", "ie8dC5sfKeI-00055-00026383-00026624": "jungle just to give me the godlike voice line.", "ie8dC5sfKeI-00056-00026720-00027104": "Just to show you how much damage I can do, I one tap this Kayn.", "ie8dC5sfKeI-00057-00027200-00027495": "But the best thing this whole game was this moment right here.", "ie8dC5sfKeI-00058-00027583-00027888": "Big Garen went full thriller dance move on this underaged", "ie8dC5sfKeI-00059-00027888-00028295": "girl to send her down before he went to sleep. Look at that pose.", "ie8dC5sfKeI-00060-00028392-00028832": "Now the enemy team is high on glueballs because they straight up just run mid to feed.", "ie8dC5sfKeI-00061-00028912-00029064": "And the game slowly ended...", "ie8dC5sfKeI-00062-00029144-00030512": "That was the story of how an inexperienced Xayah carried a 4v5 with this Korean build!"}}, {"audio_id": "ieyJGppciIc", "text": {"ieyJGppciIc-00000-00000000-00000050": "It's about.", "ieyJGppciIc-00001-00000077-00000127": "shampoo appears", "ieyJGppciIc-00002-00000127-00000400": "stewie screams like a banshee \"Oh god! x2\""}}, {"audio_id": "ieQxUU0B4N4", "text": {"ieQxUU0B4N4-00000-00000000-00000587": "Hello and welcome back to Search Engine", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00001-00000438-00001008": "Optimization Online. I'm your instructor", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00002-00000587-00001170": "again Victor Campos. In the last video we", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00003-00001008-00001449": "talked about the Client Marketing", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00004-00001170-00001710": "Strategy. Now we're going to look at my", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00005-00001449-00002025": "document Campos-SEO-2-webmastertools", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00006-00001710-00002463": "Get that off of BlackBoard, of course. So", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00007-00002025-00002777": "what you want to do is open up that PDF", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00008-00002463-00003110": "It's two pages long. The first page is", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00009-00002777-00003311": "about the Webmaster Tools, Google and", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00010-00003110-00003605": "Bing and then the second page is about", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00011-00003311-00003782": "conversion goals. In this class we're", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00012-00003605-00004046": "going to focus on using both Google and", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00013-00003782-00004503": "Bing's webmaster tools to help us track", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00014-00004046-00005043": "our efficacy how effective are we are", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00015-00004503-00005432": "our efforts of SEO Google and Bing both", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00016-00005043-00005798": "give us tools to check how well we are", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00017-00005432-00006014": "engaging in SEO social media blogging", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00018-00005798-00006300": "all of that stuff that's page one of", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00019-00006014-00006693": "this document I'm actually going to", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00020-00006300-00006998": "start on page two if these tools will", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00021-00006693-00007404": "show you results well we of course still", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00022-00006998-00007758": "need to talk about attempting tactics", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00023-00007404-00007938": "trying to get results so that's what", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00024-00007758-00008225": "page 2 goes on about here conversion", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00025-00007938-00008447": "goals you must decide the goals of your", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00026-00008225-00008664": "company early on in my fictional", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00027-00008447-00008943": "business Victor's bakery I want people", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00028-00008664-00009368": "to buy my cupcakes that's a conversion", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00029-00008943-00009549": "goal in order to get to that goal I have", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00030-00009368-00009804": "many conversion goals before that point", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00031-00009549-00010154": "and I list your bunch of which I will", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00032-00009804-00010488": "detail in just a moment so there's that", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00033-00010154-00010743": "buzz word that jargon of conversion in", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00034-00010488-00011097": "the world of marketing a conversion is", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00035-00010743-00011334": "basically when someone converts from", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00036-00011097-00011625": "something into something else well that", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00037-00011334-00011892": "means as tangibly a person has not", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00038-00011625-00012156": "bought my cupcake yet and I've converted", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00039-00011892-00012336": "them they've bought my cupcake buying", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00040-00012156-00012681": "the cupcake was the conversion it was", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00041-00012336-00012998": "the goal it's very easy to say my goals", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00042-00012681-00013197": "my conversions will be sales but it's", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00043-00012998-00013399": "actually a lot harder to get sales", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00044-00013197-00013672": "because there's so", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00045-00013399-00013863": "competition people don't know we exist", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00046-00013672-00014221": "and perhaps we're not marketing in the", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00047-00013863-00014530": "best way so here I have various ideas to", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00048-00014221-00014791": "engage in as goals to get you to your", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00049-00014530-00015121": "ultimate conversion which is a sale", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00050-00014791-00015331": "before the sale I will attempt to do as", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00051-00015121-00015643": "many of these as possible you don't have", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00052-00015331-00015816": "to do all of these or engage in all of", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00053-00015643-00016003": "these tactics but the more of these that", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00054-00015816-00016258": "you're aware of and engage in the more", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00055-00016003-00016669": "possibility you have of getting found", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00056-00016258-00017071": "getting traffic getting sales completing", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00057-00016669-00017299": "those conversions I'm going to open up a", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00058-00017071-00017581": "notepad document just so that i can", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00059-00017299-00018085": "write some notes and at the same time", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00060-00017581-00018412": "i'm going to look at the handout i will", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00061-00018085-00018610": "put these notes in blackboard alright so", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00062-00018412-00018904": "we've got get followers on twitter that", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00063-00018610-00019414": "assumes you have twitter our note here", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00064-00018904-00019798": "social media is highly important for", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00065-00019414-00020113": "modern SEO search engine optimization", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00066-00019798-00020338": "search engine marketing remember we", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00067-00020113-00020533": "mentioned that keyword on week one well", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00068-00020338-00020839": "what are you doing besides your website", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00069-00020533-00021202": "such as social media such as Twitter so", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00070-00020839-00022030": "regarding Twitter followers are a", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00071-00021202-00022384": "captive audience they have chosen to see", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00072-00022030-00022624": "your message when you have classic", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00073-00022384-00022906": "marketing your audience is very", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00074-00022624-00023281": "dispersed classic marketing is a", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00075-00022906-00023683": "billboard on the side of the road an ad", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00076-00023281-00023986": "in a newspaper a jingle on the radio a", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00077-00023683-00024286": "TV commercial that's the classic", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00078-00023986-00024571": "marketing everyone drives by that sign", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00079-00024286-00024868": "on the freeway everyone glances at your", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00080-00024571-00025228": "flyer in the paper everyone sees that", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00081-00024868-00025591": "commercial very few however take action", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00082-00025228-00025918": "very few at that moment care about your", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00083-00025591-00026236": "product when they see it in classic", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00084-00025918-00026500": "marketing you may have several people", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00085-00026236-00026708": "see it that's known as an impression so", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00086-00026500-00027595": "let's back up with a little terminology", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00087-00026708-00028540": "here impression conversion CTR", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00088-00027595-00029281": "impression how many people saw your", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00089-00028540-00029861": "message conversion how many people acted", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00090-00029281-00030224": "on your message my message is check out", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00091-00029861-00030500": "this amazing cupcake okay well how many", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00092-00030224-00030769": "bought the cupcake impressions versus", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00093-00030500-00031456": "conversions which then leads us to CTR", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00094-00030769-00031877": "which is click through rate a simple", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00095-00031456-00032191": "equation here conversions / impressions", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00096-00031877-00032425": "equal CTR take the number of actual", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00097-00032191-00032668": "conversions which could be a brand new", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00098-00032425-00033146": "Twitter follower or a like on a Facebook", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00099-00032668-00033371": "post or a share on a Pinterest pin take", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00100-00033146-00033656": "that conversion take that result /", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00101-00033371-00033991": "impressions how many followers do I have", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00102-00033656-00034262": "how many people saw that tweet how many", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00103-00033991-00034424": "people heard my podcast take those", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00104-00034262-00034612": "numbers divide them then you get a", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00105-00034424-00034972": "percentage and often you'll have", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00106-00034612-00035171": "single-digit results in the CTR and", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00107-00034972-00035452": "that's perfectly fine that's perfectly", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00108-00035171-00035708": "normal it's very hard to convince people", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00109-00035452-00035878": "from a plain old tweet buy my product", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00110-00035708-00036149": "it's hard to convince people from a", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00111-00035878-00036431": "billboard buy my product so if you have", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00112-00036149-00036605": "single-digit CTR value that's okay", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00113-00036431-00036847": "perhaps we can improve it as time goes", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00114-00036605-00037009": "on in our efforts increase but even", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00115-00036847-00037228": "getting up to the nine percent", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00116-00037009-00037465": "click-through rate nine percent", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00117-00037228-00037825": "efficiency is still very good because", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00118-00037465-00038146": "many of us will have one percent 0.1% a", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00119-00037825-00038383": "very low percentage of results regarding", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00120-00038146-00038821": "social media as well we have to think", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00121-00038383-00039253": "about the one percent doctrine social", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00122-00038821-00039658": "media is about the one percent which is", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00123-00039253-00039778": "one percent of your audience is your", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00124-00039658-00040093": "true", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00125-00039778-00040393": "audience one percent are going to be the", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00126-00040093-00040573": "ones that actually follow the link to", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00127-00040393-00040788": "your tweet the ones that are actually", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00128-00040573-00040966": "then going to add the product to their", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00129-00040788-00041272": "shopping cart and the ones that will", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00130-00040966-00041599": "actually fork over their credit card it", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00131-00041272-00041899": "is a very low number and it is a very", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00132-00041599-00042066": "high bar to get it higher than that but", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00133-00041899-00042295": "that's just the reality of this it's so", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00134-00042066-00042666": "much easier to comment on a picture", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00135-00042295-00043093": "share that link give a like then", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00136-00042666-00043447": "actually buy something or call you for a", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00137-00043093-00043693": "consultation or hire you so we have to", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00138-00043447-00044038": "think in terms of one percent will be", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00139-00043693-00044362": "the most active ardent effective", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00140-00044038-00044707": "clientele therefore getting back to", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00141-00044362-00045244": "Twitter build followers on Twitter", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00142-00044707-00045666": "because only one percent will be real", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00143-00045244-00045880": "followers that is a very high bar that", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00144-00045666-00046153": "I'm setting yes you may have a great", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00145-00045880-00046546": "online presence you may have a result", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00146-00046153-00046797": "more of 25% CTR or even higher but it", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00147-00046546-00047209": "might be very difficult for most people", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00148-00046797-00047590": "so the more followers you get if I've", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00149-00047209-00047866": "got a hundred followers 1% of 100 is one", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00150-00047590-00048109": "one follower will go all the way through", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00151-00047866-00048421": "from my tweet to buy the product", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00152-00048109-00048712": "therefore we need to engage in a lot of", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00153-00048421-00048966": "sem to bring those numbers up that CTR", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00154-00048712-00049264": "number next item gets social", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00155-00048966-00049687": "interactions on facebook so Facebook and", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00156-00049264-00050097": "all the networks have these interactions", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00157-00049687-00050293": "social interactions they have these", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00158-00050097-00050485": "things that people can accomplish on", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00159-00050293-00050701": "social media if you think about it every", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00160-00050485-00050938": "Network has this Facebook Twitter", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00161-00050701-00051244": "Pinterest snapchat etc they just have", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00162-00050938-00051459": "variations there is the like and in my", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00163-00051244-00051954": "notes I should have written it as likes", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00164-00051459-00052162": "comments shares this little bit", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00165-00051954-00052333": "different order this is the order that I", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00166-00052162-00052711": "would think about them because is the", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00167-00052333-00052978": "order of their value not that likes are", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00168-00052711-00053054": "worse than comments it's just that likes", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00169-00052978-00053308": "aren't", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00170-00053054-00053530": "as valuable as comments or shares", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00171-00053308-00053752": "there's actually a fourth interaction", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00172-00053530-00054025": "I'll mention in a moment but think about", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00173-00053752-00054307": "it you share a great photo of your", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00174-00054025-00054688": "product on facebook and someone likes it", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00175-00054307-00054944": "the end what else is there they've moved", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00176-00054688-00055199": "on to something else well what if", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00177-00054944-00055444": "instead of liking or in addition to", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00178-00055199-00055705": "liking they also commented and they said", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00179-00055444-00055985": "what a great looking picture so tasty", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00180-00055705-00056482": "okay that seems to be perhaps a more", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00181-00055985-00056741": "serious follower we can then target that", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00182-00056482-00057019": "follower or figure out the demographics", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00183-00056741-00057299": "of that follower to then have a real", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00184-00057019-00057652": "conversion going from a that's a great", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00185-00057299-00057844": "cupcake I love it too messaging them I'm", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00186-00057652-00058073": "glad you like our cupcake here's a", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00187-00057844-00058516": "coupon for your first cupcake for free", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00188-00058073-00058799": "buy one get one free so that shows some", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00189-00058516-00059129": "more of your true followers the next", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00190-00058799-00059350": "level up shares that usually means that", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00191-00059129-00059651": "someone liked your message your post", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00192-00059350-00059863": "your picture your video so much that", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00193-00059651-00060125": "they've chosen to spread the message to", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00194-00059863-00060379": "more people they've shared it Twitter", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00195-00060125-00060638": "calls it a retweet but it's like a", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00196-00060379-00060938": "forwarding someone's email you get an", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00197-00060638-00061216": "email of a great newsletter article", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00198-00060938-00061424": "let's say and you forward it to five", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00199-00061216-00061780": "more people five more people now know", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00200-00061424-00062026": "about it more impressions how many did", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00201-00061780-00062261": "actually read it well the reading part", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00202-00062026-00062501": "is the conversion getting it is just the", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00203-00062261-00062707": "impression so on social media pretty", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00204-00062501-00063113": "much every network we're able to share", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00205-00062707-00063374": "someone else's message what I want is", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00206-00063113-00063773": "people to like my stuff comment on my", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00207-00063374-00064018": "stuff share my stuff sometimes comments", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00208-00063773-00064327": "are also known as replies but I want", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00209-00064018-00064579": "those interactions the likes tell me", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00210-00064327-00064777": "that my content is resonating with an", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00211-00064579-00065050": "audience a target audience that I've", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00212-00064777-00065210": "developed in the previous exercises the", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00213-00065050-00065450": "comment tells me that someone is a", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00214-00065210-00065656": "little bit more serious about my product", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00215-00065450-00065905": "so I can reach out to them directly and", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00216-00065656-00066226": "try to market them directly", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00217-00065905-00066426": "it's better than a cold call and shares", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00218-00066226-00066697": "is another indicator that someone is", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00219-00066426-00066852": "very serious the bunch of product so i", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00220-00066697-00067123": "can reach out to them the last", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00221-00066852-00067464": "interaction the biggest interaction the", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00222-00067123-00067851": "best interaction is a follow follow me", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00223-00067464-00068116": "on twitter like me on Facebook circle me", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00224-00067851-00068275": "on Google+ follow me on instagram", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00225-00068116-00068595": "they've all got variations of the name", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00226-00068275-00069013": "but that's a follow they've chosen to", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00227-00068595-00069289": "see your message that billboard gets", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00228-00069013-00069466": "seen by a thousand people a day but only", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00229-00069289-00069766": "two people actually call because they", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00230-00069466-00069933": "need a plumber at that moment whereas on", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00231-00069766-00070176": "Twitter I'm a plumber but I'm going to", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00232-00069933-00070407": "reach out to as many people that express", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00233-00070176-00070570": "an interest in plumbing so that I can", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00234-00070407-00070939": "build that audience when they need me", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00235-00070570-00071137": "they've got me on call so I want to get", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00236-00070939-00071382": "all of these and I get all of those with", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00237-00071137-00071650": "good content we'll talk about good", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00238-00071382-00071857": "content a little bit later get site", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00239-00071650-00072108": "visits via Google+ this assumes you have", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00240-00071857-00072814": "a Google+ so I'm going to say get", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00241-00072108-00073318": "googleplus ASAP because it's a head", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00242-00072814-00073677": "start against your competitors your", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00243-00073318-00073939": "local competitors if you ever do a", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00244-00073677-00074191": "search on Google you will get results", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00245-00073939-00074461": "that are listed on a map to get on the", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00246-00074191-00074733": "map of Google you basically set up a", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00247-00074461-00075382": "google plus page you can go get that at", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00248-00074733-00075580": "business google com set up an account", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00249-00075382-00075754": "there for your business for free that", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00250-00075580-00076030": "helps you get the leg up on the", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00251-00075754-00076339": "competition so I want to get traffic", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00252-00076030-00076620": "from a Google+ page well I need a", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00253-00076339-00076837": "Google+ page for free I get people to my", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00254-00076620-00077092": "home page so that i can complete more", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00255-00076837-00077314": "conversions that's the next item get", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00256-00077092-00077560": "more hits on my homepage so be it", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00257-00077314-00077751": "Twitter Facebook Google+ LinkedIn", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00258-00077560-00078067": "whatever I want people to come back to", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00259-00077751-00078544": "my website your web site your home page", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00260-00078067-00079010": "is where you can often times complete", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00261-00078544-00079517": "your ultimate conversion", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00262-00079010-00079697": "the easiest every social network will", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00263-00079517-00080026": "let you send a message out about your", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00264-00079697-00080267": "product and then when you want to have", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00265-00080026-00080539": "them by now you're not going to buy the", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00266-00080267-00080723": "product on Twitter directly you're not", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00267-00080539-00081074": "going to give tutor your credit card", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00268-00080723-00081202": "really to buy the product you're not", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00269-00081074-00081427": "going to buy the product directly on", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00270-00081202-00081688": "Facebook directly on pinterest etc all", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00271-00081427-00081970": "of these networks are working on getting", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00272-00081688-00082477": "that implemented and the big companies", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00273-00081970-00082714": "do have access Macy's walmart etc amazon", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00274-00082477-00082969": "but we're not Amazon level at the moment", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00275-00082714-00083158": "please still need our own website where", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00276-00082969-00083486": "we have our own shopping cart and we can", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00277-00083158-00083744": "control the whole process so I need a", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00278-00083486-00084035": "website to guide people back there to", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00279-00083744-00084266": "the next one get more shares on my blog", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00280-00084035-00085000": "posts from my sight this one assumes you", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00281-00084266-00085592": "have a blog a blog is a site could be", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00282-00085000-00085963": "attached to your main site your your", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00283-00085592-00086356": "main website a blog is a site where you", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00284-00085963-00087139": "publish content on a regular basis", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00285-00086356-00087508": "usually long-form content social", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00286-00087139-00087848": "networks are the short form content", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00287-00087508-00088213": "blogging platforms I send out a tweet of", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00288-00087848-00088424": "140 characters I put a Facebook post of", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00289-00088213-00088675": "a couple of sentences and a picture I", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00290-00088424-00088997": "share an Instagram photo with a hashtag", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00291-00088675-00089281": "it's short form content you digest it", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00292-00088997-00089486": "quickly and easily oftentimes you will", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00293-00089281-00089881": "also need to engage in long form content", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00294-00089486-00090295": "writing articles about your product or", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00295-00089881-00090566": "brand or business or industry or", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00296-00090295-00090848": "testimonials whatever about your", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00297-00090566-00091006": "business and this is going to be longer", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00298-00090848-00091274": "than a tweet longer than a Facebook post", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00299-00091006-00091487": "I teach a class on blogging you need to", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00300-00091274-00091685": "look it up in the course catalog when", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00301-00091487-00091988": "that's being offered so I can't go into", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00302-00091685-00092198": "a lot of detail about blogging as well", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00303-00091988-00092354": "as social media I can't go into a lot of", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00304-00092198-00092579": "detail in social media in this", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00305-00092354-00092770": "class because I teach a class on social", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00306-00092579-00093139": "media where we go in depth but some", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00307-00092770-00093425": "quick tips right here for blogging I say", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00308-00093139-00093601": "blog goals lots of people are going to", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00309-00093425-00093850": "tell you lots of blog goals and they're", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00310-00093601-00094063": "all right and they're all wrong it just", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00311-00093850-00094331": "depends on your business so here's one", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00312-00094063-00094856": "starting point as a beginner 100 words", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00313-00094331-00095261": "per month write a new article of 100", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00314-00094856-00095474": "words every month at least so you're", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00315-00095261-00095792": "going to see plenty of other tutorials", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00316-00095474-00096013": "that'll say right 300 words weekly well", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00317-00095792-00096254": "yes that is better it's more content", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00318-00096013-00096491": "it's more keywords and phrases to help", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00319-00096254-00096652": "you get found but it's a lot more work", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00320-00096491-00096998": "if you're busy running your business", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00321-00096652-00097120": "payroll inventory and now you've got to", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00322-00096998-00097436": "maintain your website and write an", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00323-00097120-00097627": "article every week of 300 words you're", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00324-00097436-00097801": "going to run out of content you're going", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00325-00097627-00097963": "to get burned out you're going to get", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00326-00097801-00098200": "disillusioned and you're going to stop", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00327-00097963-00098375": "then it won't help you anymore so", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00328-00098200-00098519": "blogging is where you're going to blog", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00329-00098375-00098729": "you're going to write articles on a", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00330-00098519-00098956": "regular basis the amount and the", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00331-00098729-00099185": "regularity doesn't matter to some degree", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00332-00098956-00099394": "the more you do it the better but as a", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00333-00099185-00099998": "beginner 100 words per month is a very", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00334-00099394-00100574": "attainable goal your blog posts are", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00335-00099998-00100856": "articles full of keywords those keywords", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00336-00100574-00101210": "that we developed on a previous exercise", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00337-00100856-00101543": "this is one of the places you use them", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00338-00101210-00101912": "those keywords that I figured out that", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00339-00101543-00102106": "the competition seems to be using well", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00340-00101912-00102440": "i'm going to exploit those keywords by", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00341-00102106-00102736": "writing articles that really expound on", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00342-00102440-00102974": "those topics again take the blogging", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00343-00102736-00103313": "class from more detail but that should", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00344-00102974-00103628": "get you started write articles to help", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00345-00103313-00103885": "you get found that helps your SEO get", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00346-00103628-00104327": "subscribers to my coupon newsletter this", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00347-00103885-00104603": "assumes a newsletter so your newsletter", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00348-00104327-00105026": "is another spot where you've created a", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00349-00104603-00105396": "captive audience your newsletter is your", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00350-00105026-00106214": "database of contacts", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00351-00105396-00106614": "people chose to give you their email to", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00352-00106214-00106916": "market to don't ever go out and buy a", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00353-00106614-00107192": "database of emails those are probably", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00354-00106916-00107558": "email accounts that are not legitimate", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00355-00107192-00107735": "or of people that don't care about your", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00356-00107558-00108099": "product you're not going to cold call", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00357-00107735-00108369": "people randomly about what they don't", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00358-00108099-00108513": "care about at all especially in the", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00359-00108369-00108858": "digital world and you'll be labeled a", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00360-00108513-00109032": "spammer that'll affect your rankings on", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00361-00108858-00109379": "the search engines and it could be very", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00362-00109032-00109908": "hard to get out of the rut of negative", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00363-00109379-00110100": "SEO so on your website you will have an", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00364-00109908-00110307": "easy way for people to subscribe to your", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00365-00110100-00110504": "newsletter what should your newsletter", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00366-00110307-00110660": "be about well that'll be that's a little", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00367-00110504-00111150": "bit out of the scope of our class but", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00368-00110660-00111659": "here's some ideas send your latest blog", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00369-00111150-00111902": "post to their inbox instead of visiting", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00370-00111659-00112184": "your site send them the article directly", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00371-00111902-00112413": "to their inbox with links back to your", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00372-00112184-00113073": "website to buy the product send", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00373-00112413-00113301": "exclusive VIP content things that you", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00374-00113073-00113532": "cannot find anywhere on your website or", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00375-00113301-00113804": "your social media that's then an", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00376-00113532-00114207": "enticement for people to subscribe to", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00377-00113804-00114584": "you community building use the", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00378-00114207-00114900": "newsletter for a back-and-forth", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00379-00114584-00115289": "conversation with your community with", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00380-00114900-00115439": "your customers in order to convince", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00381-00115289-00116082": "people to subscribe to your newsletter", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00382-00115439-00116405": "don't do this subscribe now don't set it", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00383-00116082-00116751": "up so that it simply subscribe now why", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00384-00116405-00117035": "what am I going to subscribe to Who am I", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00385-00116751-00117458": "giving my email address to are you going", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00386-00117035-00117945": "to sell my email and spam me know what", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00387-00117458-00118430": "you want to do instead subscribe for VIP", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00388-00117945-00119423": "content or keep up to date", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00389-00118430-00119978": "subscribe or stay in the know you don't", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00390-00119423-00120143": "have to explicitly say subscribe get the", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00391-00119978-00120511": "point across that they will be", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00392-00120143-00120755": "subscribing to a newsletter and the", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00393-00120511-00120961": "benefits simply a subscribe now does not", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00394-00120755-00121247": "entice people that's not good marketing", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00395-00120961-00121583": "so some sort of buttons some sort of", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00396-00121247-00121861": "system that lets people subscribe if you", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00397-00121583-00122102": "are a physical location a physical", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00398-00121861-00122405": "business eventually you want people to", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00399-00122102-00122627": "visit your physical location so get", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00400-00122405-00123041": "virtual clients to come to my physical", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00401-00122627-00123776": "location use the local search feature of", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00402-00123041-00124148": "a social network to find customers near", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00403-00123776-00124502": "you the power of social media of", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00404-00124148-00124778": "marketing of new marketing marketing 2", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00405-00124502-00125033": "point 0 is that you can find people all", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00406-00124778-00125345": "over the place where as putting that ad", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00407-00125033-00125600": "in the newspaper goes out randomly to", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00408-00125345-00125822": "people that might not be interested so", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00409-00125600-00126056": "using the search feature of twitter", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00410-00125822-00126482": "using the search feature of Facebook", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00411-00126056-00126740": "Instagram etc I can find people locally", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00412-00126482-00126961": "each network is a little different on", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00413-00126740-00127232": "how you do it but each network has a way", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00414-00126961-00127658": "for you to target a zip code or a city", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00415-00127232-00128102": "and of course key words and terms so if", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00416-00127658-00128324": "I have a hundred followers well some of", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00417-00128102-00128648": "them are going to be out of the county", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00418-00128324-00128891": "out of the state out of the country but", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00419-00128648-00129065": "some of them are going to be near you so", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00420-00128891-00129371": "using the search features of those", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00421-00129065-00129701": "networks I want to see who is tweeting", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00422-00129371-00130046": "about a particular topic or on Facebook", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00423-00129701-00130427": "I can target a particular location that", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00424-00130046-00130757": "will see my message then those people", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00425-00130427-00131003": "make them aware that you exist are close", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00426-00130757-00131264": "by and with some sort of enticement come", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00427-00131003-00131589": "to the business search zip codes", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00428-00131264-00131997": "keywords", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00429-00131589-00132474": "also known as hashtags to find local", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00430-00131997-00132714": "people you can target to bring them to", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00431-00132474-00133056": "your shop this of course assumes you've", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00432-00132714-00133314": "got some sort of local location if you", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00433-00133056-00133455": "don't have a local location this might", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00434-00133314-00133806": "not be the best technique for you but", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00435-00133455-00134118": "it's still useful to search keywords and", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00436-00133806-00134406": "hashtags and lastly I've gotten that", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00437-00134118-00134619": "customer who was on Twitter to come to", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00438-00134406-00135288": "my shop on Main Street to buy the", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00439-00134619-00135591": "cupcake ultimate conversion achieved you", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00440-00135288-00135945": "should see that it's a long involved", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00441-00135591-00136497": "process to get from point A a person", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00442-00135945-00136716": "follows you on twitter to point Z the", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00443-00136497-00136995": "follower visits the store and buys a", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00444-00136716-00137154": "product that's why search engine", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00445-00136995-00137550": "optimization goes hand-in-hand with", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00446-00137154-00137799": "search engine marketing an emerging term", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00447-00137550-00138039": "that takes both into account is content", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00448-00137799-00138249": "marketing and you can read more at that", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00449-00138039-00138438": "article that's a good article for you to", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00450-00138249-00138645": "look at because it's got other examples", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00451-00138438-00139050": "of what you can do to entice people to", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00452-00138645-00139287": "follow you to check your website and all", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00453-00139050-00139482": "of that so these notes that I wrote here", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00454-00139287-00139662": "I'm going to put them in blackboard so", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00455-00139482-00139941": "that you can browse them yourself and", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00456-00139662-00140118": "think about implementing them the more", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00457-00139941-00140271": "of these that you do, the better chance", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00458-00140118-00140457": "that you can complete that Ultimate Goal", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00459-00140271-00140691": "because it's very easy for a person to", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00460-00140457-00140826": "follow you on social media. Suddenly it's", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00461-00140691-00141063": "a lot harder for them to click the", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00462-00140826-00141366": "button to buy. We'll talk about more", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00463-00141063-00141681": "tactics to get followers and to create", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00464-00141366-00141978": "content on future videos. For the moment", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00465-00141681-00142167": "in this video we looked at page 2 of my", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00466-00141978-00142359": "document. Come back for the next video", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00467-00142167-00142656": "where we then look at page 1 of the", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00468-00142359-00142898": "document and how to set up our webmaster", "ieQxUU0B4N4-00469-00142656-00142898": "tools."}}, {"audio_id": "if4BlLipbX8", "text": {"if4BlLipbX8-00000-00000057-00000157": "Emily Dickinson (1858)", "if4BlLipbX8-00001-00000157-00001174": "Because I could not stop for Death-- [cc]", "if4BlLipbX8-00002-00001174-00001494": "BECAUSE I could not stop for Death-- He kindly stopped for me--", "if4BlLipbX8-00003-00001494-00001982": "The Carriage held but just Ourselves-- And Immortality.", "if4BlLipbX8-00004-00001982-00002364": "We slowly drove--He knew no haste And I had put away", "if4BlLipbX8-00005-00002364-00002791": "My labour and my leisure too, For His Civility--", "if4BlLipbX8-00006-00002791-00003271": "We passed the School, where Children strove At Recess--in the Ring--", "if4BlLipbX8-00007-00003271-00003761": "We passed the Fields of Gazing Grain-- We passed the Setting Sun--", "if4BlLipbX8-00008-00003761-00004189": "Or rather--He passed Us-- The Dews drew quivering and chill--", "if4BlLipbX8-00009-00004189-00004681": "For only Gossamer, my Gown-- My Tippet--only Tulle--", "if4BlLipbX8-00010-00004681-00005092": "We paused before a House that seemed A Swelling of the Ground--", "if4BlLipbX8-00011-00005092-00005535": "The Roof was scarcely visible-- The Cornice--in the Ground--", "if4BlLipbX8-00012-00005535-00005992": "Since then--'tis Centuries--and yet Feels shorter than the Day", "if4BlLipbX8-00013-00005992-00006387": "I first surmised the Horses Heads Were toward Eternity--", "if4BlLipbX8-00014-00006387-00006847": "Emily Dickinson"}}, {"audio_id": "if7eV0gL6NY", "text": {"if7eV0gL6NY-00000-00000072-00000918": "hey guys welcome to relatable today I am talking to a d transitioner by the name of Sophia Galvin", "if7eV0gL6NY-00001-00000918-00001380": "and she is going to tell us her story of transitioning from the time she was a teenager", "if7eV0gL6NY-00002-00001380-00002046": "to D transitioning a couple years ago and then an amazing part of her story is becoming a Christian", "if7eV0gL6NY-00003-00002046-00002664": "a year ago and so she is going to tell us about the process which is very disturbing and very", "if7eV0gL6NY-00004-00002664-00003324": "troubling in a lot of ways but so important to know how this is happening to young people today", "if7eV0gL6NY-00005-00003414-00004020": "um and then she is going to Enlighten us also about kind of the psychological turmoil she was", "if7eV0gL6NY-00006-00004020-00004590": "going through and then she'll talk to us about receiving the gospel and understanding that in", "if7eV0gL6NY-00007-00004590-00005172": "Jesus there is true Freedom she'll also give us some recommendations some advice at the end of", "if7eV0gL6NY-00008-00005172-00005748": "this episode for how we as Christians can approach these issues and speak the truth in love to people", "if7eV0gL6NY-00009-00005748-00006648": "who identify as transgender amazing amazing conversation because she shares so much amazing", "if7eV0gL6NY-00010-00006648-00007248": "insight and wisdom I really encourage you to share this with everyone in your life whether they're", "if7eV0gL6NY-00011-00007248-00007908": "a Christian or not but especially those in your church especially your pastor we'll also link some", "if7eV0gL6NY-00012-00007908-00008388": "past episodes that we have done on this subject in the description of this episode so if you", "if7eV0gL6NY-00013-00008388-00009042": "want to know more about this subject where this ideology comes from how I think we can approach", "if7eV0gL6NY-00014-00009042-00009444": "it truthfully and gracefully as Christians you can go listen to those after this conversation", "if7eV0gL6NY-00015-00009444-00010194": "but you are absolutely going to love Sophia and appreciate her vulnerability and her testimony so", "if7eV0gL6NY-00016-00010194-00010746": "much so we'll go ahead and get right into it after I tell you about good ranchers our sponsor for", "if7eV0gL6NY-00017-00010746-00011334": "this show it's American Meat delivered right to your front door support American farms and ranches", "if7eV0gL6NY-00018-00011334-00011988": "by going to goodranchors.com Ally you'll get a discount when you do that's goodranters.com Ally", "if7eV0gL6NY-00019-00012228-00012402": "foreign", "if7eV0gL6NY-00020-00012972-00013463": "thank you so much for joining us for those who may not know can you", "if7eV0gL6NY-00021-00013463-00013997": "just tell us a little bit first about who you are yes so my name is Sophia", "if7eV0gL6NY-00022-00014130-00014886": "um I'm a Christian and I've been saved for about a year now um so at 17 years old I made the decision", "if7eV0gL6NY-00023-00014886-00015600": "to transition to become a man and um it was a horrible decision and so at 20 years old I", "if7eV0gL6NY-00024-00015600-00016356": "made the decision to then de-transition back to female and then after a year of you know just", "if7eV0gL6NY-00025-00016356-00016830": "not having any resources and not knowing what to do I ended up giving my life to Christ and", "if7eV0gL6NY-00026-00016830-00017562": "it's been a year since then Wow Let's go to before you were 17 pre-transition what", "if7eV0gL6NY-00027-00017562-00018210": "made you feel like you were the opposite sex and that you should try to present as a male", "if7eV0gL6NY-00028-00018474-00019278": "a lot of it um me personally like obviously you can understand um you know being being a woman in", "if7eV0gL6NY-00029-00019278-00019896": "society and not like necessarily from a feminist sense but just some of the things that I would", "if7eV0gL6NY-00030-00019896-00020616": "experience like you know having men regular be regularly be predatory but also you know", "if7eV0gL6NY-00031-00020616-00021282": "how the culture has this um you know how we over sexualize girls I just I felt really uncomfortable", "if7eV0gL6NY-00032-00021282-00021798": "in my body and also just certain things that had happened to me in my life I just felt really", "if7eV0gL6NY-00033-00021798-00022548": "uncomfortable in myself yeah um and also you know from from a young age I also had struggled with", "if7eV0gL6NY-00034-00022638-00023202": "um same-sex attraction which had led me towards going into really going into the LGBT community", "if7eV0gL6NY-00035-00023202-00023940": "and becoming indoctrinated um I actually wanted to be an LGBT activist right before", "if7eV0gL6NY-00036-00023940-00024660": "making the decisions of transition so when did the discomfort in your body start if you can remember", "if7eV0gL6NY-00037-00024942-00025518": "really truly when I started to say you know this is gender well you know thinking to myself like", "if7eV0gL6NY-00038-00025518-00026226": "this is gender dysphoria was that was at 17. um now when I was young I had like kind of times", "if7eV0gL6NY-00039-00026226-00027006": "where I would be sort of I guess you could say a tomboy yeah um but it was really at 17 when", "if7eV0gL6NY-00040-00027006-00027683": "when it be when it began for me that I started to feel uncomfortable so you kind of maybe were", "if7eV0gL6NY-00041-00027683-00028289": "a tomboy or maybe you were interested in things that weren't considered or traditionally female", "if7eV0gL6NY-00042-00028289-00028980": "and your parents how did they react to that when you were young did they have a reaction at all", "if7eV0gL6NY-00043-00029076-00029610": "no it was like a normal thing and I grew out of it too like I mean it was just it was like around", "if7eV0gL6NY-00044-00029610-00030245": "fifth grade and then after that I was like very feminine yeah so it it's kind and of course like", "if7eV0gL6NY-00045-00030245-00030726": "I mean I think I had times where I would wear what was it flannels when that would be popular", "if7eV0gL6NY-00046-00030726-00031230": "yeah that was about as masculine as I would go like I would often wear dresses I would wear I", "if7eV0gL6NY-00047-00031230-00031764": "started like experimenting with makeup from a really young age so I was always very feminine", "if7eV0gL6NY-00048-00031824-00032339": "um it was kind of something that that happened all of a sudden and a big part of it was", "if7eV0gL6NY-00049-00032442-00033210": "um for myself personally was confusion surrounding entering a same-sex relationship okay and what was", "if7eV0gL6NY-00050-00033210-00033618": "before we get into that because I am interested in like kind of what those feelings were for you", "if7eV0gL6NY-00051-00033618-00034116": "because I'm sure that there are people listening who either they have their child is experiencing", "if7eV0gL6NY-00052-00034116-00034422": "the same thing or they've experienced the same thing so I think that your experience", "if7eV0gL6NY-00053-00034422-00034944": "can give a lot of clarity but what was your upbringing like were you raised a Christian", "if7eV0gL6NY-00054-00035076-00035724": "no I actually I wasn't raised a Christian um you know I in my home it was just", "if7eV0gL6NY-00055-00035724-00036546": "um like very I mean I guess you could say like nowadays a a normal American home yeah like I", "if7eV0gL6NY-00056-00036546-00037290": "wasn't raised Christian I never had Christian beliefs pushed on me um you know being being", "if7eV0gL6NY-00057-00037290-00037968": "LGBT wasn't necessarily something that was um how do I say like there were gay people in my family", "if7eV0gL6NY-00058-00038100-00039030": "um so LGBT influences were something that um I had in my life from a young age uh so I I", "if7eV0gL6NY-00059-00039030-00039462": "was never even raised a Christian I was never really pushed I mean you know I was baptized", "if7eV0gL6NY-00060-00039462-00040260": "as a little girl and I went a few times with my grandma to church but honestly I a Christian is", "if7eV0gL6NY-00061-00040260-00040770": "probably the last thing that I ever thought I would ever become yeah and and when did", "if7eV0gL6NY-00062-00040770-00041616": "you start feeling like you were attracted to women that happened to me from a very young age", "if7eV0gL6NY-00063-00041700-00042588": "um starting at around I mean I I think I would say six years old um and it was something that made me", "if7eV0gL6NY-00064-00042588-00043224": "always extremely uncomfortable but also something that I felt like I wasn't able to voice to people", "if7eV0gL6NY-00065-00043290-00044136": "um so for for years I just was very silent and secretive about it um and you you had mentioned", "if7eV0gL6NY-00066-00044136-00044658": "about being a Christian I was never a Christian but I had always believed in in like that there", "if7eV0gL6NY-00067-00044658-00045270": "was a God and so I would speak to God and like I remember right before like officially coming", "if7eV0gL6NY-00068-00045270-00046074": "out and saying you know I'm I'm gay or what I said at the time um I remember crying and and", "if7eV0gL6NY-00069-00046074-00046710": "asking God to to take it away from me because I I didn't want to have to live that kind of life", "if7eV0gL6NY-00070-00046896-00047496": "and how did that develop in your teenage years you were uncomfortable with it from", "if7eV0gL6NY-00071-00047496-00048132": "an early age but you also said that your feelings of dysphoria are feeling like you", "if7eV0gL6NY-00072-00048132-00048822": "had dysphoria were connected to your feelings for other women so tell me about that kind of", "if7eV0gL6NY-00073-00048822-00049578": "internal conflict and why you think those things are connected yes so well one thing I", "if7eV0gL6NY-00074-00049578-00050112": "guess is important to mention is I went to an all girls school so in the midst of hormonal", "if7eV0gL6NY-00075-00050112-00050610": "craziness I was only around girls and I also had experienced same-sex attraction from a young age", "if7eV0gL6NY-00076-00050718-00051414": "um so for myself when I made the decision to to come out and I mean I changed you know", "if7eV0gL6NY-00077-00051414-00051791": "we'll just say coming out as same-sex attracted for the sake of conversation", "if7eV0gL6NY-00078-00051936-00052590": "um you know immediately I just felt like I don't want people to have to experience what I always", "if7eV0gL6NY-00079-00052590-00053129": "experienced growing up having to be ashamed and having to keep my mouth shut and pretend you know", "if7eV0gL6NY-00080-00053129-00053784": "like this isn't something that I actually struggle with so that's when I really began to like", "if7eV0gL6NY-00081-00053934-00054491": "um how do I say like I really became interested in the whole agenda that that people are pushing now", "if7eV0gL6NY-00082-00054491-00055224": "like um kind of forcing these beliefs and these values onto other people and how do I say like", "if7eV0gL6NY-00083-00055224-00055878": "um that like the LGBT ideology like I wanted to push it really hard and so I think it was that", "if7eV0gL6NY-00084-00055878-00056760": "indoctrination um along with when I entered into a same-sex relationship you know because we were", "if7eV0gL6NY-00085-00056760-00057402": "two women and like kind of the perception of of people outside of that there was there was you", "if7eV0gL6NY-00086-00057402-00057905": "know we had some negative experiences and I guess because of some things that I had experienced in", "if7eV0gL6NY-00087-00057905-00058482": "my life specifically from men I felt like I had to take on kind of like a protective role and that", "if7eV0gL6NY-00088-00058482-00059141": "was something that really had pushed me towards um becoming a man and it was other things like", "if7eV0gL6NY-00089-00059141-00059676": "I would say it was kind of a culmination of just being uncomfortable living as a woman for so many", "if7eV0gL6NY-00090-00059676-00060329": "years but that was like the final push obviously along with the LGBT indoctrination in the culture", "if7eV0gL6NY-00091-00060329-00061320": "at the time and where did that LGBT indoctrination come from and when you say the ideology like what", "if7eV0gL6NY-00092-00061320-00061854": "exactly do you mean kind of what ideas were you hearing and that that made you feel that way", "if7eV0gL6NY-00093-00062040-00062862": "I guess you know of course I always want to make sure that everything I I say you know is is kind", "if7eV0gL6NY-00094-00063012-00063479": "um obviously obviously to an extent because I know that I have to stand on what the truth", "if7eV0gL6NY-00095-00063479-00064122": "of what the Bible says but I guess you know the the beliefs that if if you're same-sex attracted", "if7eV0gL6NY-00096-00064205-00064860": "um it means that it's something that you know you could never get away from like it's something you", "if7eV0gL6NY-00097-00064860-00065334": "could never be set free from this is who you are you know it can't be changed and there's nothing", "if7eV0gL6NY-00098-00065334-00065850": "you can do about it so you just have to accept it and move on so that's kind of what I would not", "if7eV0gL6NY-00099-00065850-00066492": "even just for same-sex attraction but when it came to to gender dysphoria as well which was a huge", "if7eV0gL6NY-00100-00066492-00067170": "influence in what um led me towards transitioning thinking that that was the only way but um what I", "if7eV0gL6NY-00101-00067170-00067704": "would say more specifically like specific things I guess you could say social media internet", "if7eV0gL6NY-00102-00067824-00068448": "um the culture at my my school had changed a little bit but I guess honestly it didn't", "if7eV0gL6NY-00103-00068448-00068928": "really come from one specific place it was just society and in general as a whole", "if7eV0gL6NY-00104-00069000-00069654": "um at the time and obviously more so now and this was you were a teenager what what years about", "if7eV0gL6NY-00105-00069786-00070890": "2017. okay so 2017 2018. okay gotcha and so yeah I was a teenager like you know 2010 2008 and it", "if7eV0gL6NY-00106-00070890-00071502": "just wasn't quite as prevalent whether you were a Christian or not it's just not something that was", "if7eV0gL6NY-00107-00071502-00072090": "really talked about it was still kind of taboo to even like mention the fact that someone struggled", "if7eV0gL6NY-00108-00072090-00072792": "with those kinds of feelings and so I imagine even just fast forward eight to ten years and it's kind", "if7eV0gL6NY-00109-00072792-00073338": "of ubiquitous it's everywhere and as you said it's kind of being pushed you have to accept this you", "if7eV0gL6NY-00110-00073338-00073902": "have to celebrate this you have to embrace this this is now part of like your immutable identity", "if7eV0gL6NY-00111-00073902-00074436": "it probably is really difficult if you are kind of struggling with those feelings not knowing", "if7eV0gL6NY-00112-00074436-00074976": "where to place them and you do find acceptance or what you think is acceptance from this community", "if7eV0gL6NY-00113-00075072-00075552": "of course that's going to become who you are it of course it's going to be like the", "if7eV0gL6NY-00114-00075552-00076110": "ideology and the idea that you push because that helps you feel kind of most comfortable right", "if7eV0gL6NY-00115-00076314-00076956": "yes I completely agree and something really really key that I think you mentioned was identity and I", "if7eV0gL6NY-00116-00076956-00077580": "think a large issue with the culture right now is a lack of identity and specifically a lack", "if7eV0gL6NY-00117-00077580-00078018": "of identity in Christ which has allowed me to find Freedom you know now I'm not saying that", "if7eV0gL6NY-00118-00078018-00078690": "we should push uh God on people in any way but I would definitely say if I would have known about", "if7eV0gL6NY-00119-00078690-00079368": "about Jesus and what you know his love and his spirit is capable of from a young age and even", "if7eV0gL6NY-00120-00079368-00079836": "even if at the time when I was struggling with gender dysphoria if someone would have came up", "if7eV0gL6NY-00121-00079836-00080298": "to me and say Jesus could set you free of that I would have never gone down the path that I", "if7eV0gL6NY-00122-00080298-00080910": "went down yeah and I want to talk about that a lot more I do kind of want to hear a little bit more", "if7eV0gL6NY-00123-00080910-00081732": "about your path first um from you know same-sex attraction to gender dysphoria to transitioning", "if7eV0gL6NY-00124-00081732-00082200": "I think it's so important just to hear like the specific parts of your story because that helps", "if7eV0gL6NY-00125-00082200-00082590": "people who are going through the this or know someone who are going through this to know what", "if7eV0gL6NY-00126-00082590-00083268": "to like look for to know what the process looks like and so tell us you were 17 you had already", "if7eV0gL6NY-00127-00083268-00083760": "been in a same-sex relationship you kind of told us what that was like tell us a little bit more", "if7eV0gL6NY-00128-00083760-00084594": "about the kind of realization if you will that maybe you were struggling with gender dysphoria", "if7eV0gL6NY-00129-00084594-00085506": "and then how that led you to then transition okay so um I wouldn't say it was necessarily like", "if7eV0gL6NY-00130-00085596-00085926": "there's a specific time that I could pinpoint where it's like I just have", "if7eV0gL6NY-00131-00085926-00086520": "this big Epiphany like wow this is who I am it wasn't necessarily like that it was more so like", "if7eV0gL6NY-00132-00086640-00087342": "it was more so over over a period of months and so like for me I was always a very good student um a", "if7eV0gL6NY-00133-00087342-00087984": "very I like to research things so of course what did I do I went on the internet and researched it", "if7eV0gL6NY-00134-00087984-00088938": "I looked up the the DSM-5 um diagnostic uh label or diagnostic criteria I think it was and what I", "if7eV0gL6NY-00135-00088938-00089544": "was experiencing was in line with it I had I had gender dysphoria for for more than six months and", "if7eV0gL6NY-00136-00089628-00090372": "um you know I I was a tomboy when I was little and I liked things that were masculine um so it was", "if7eV0gL6NY-00137-00090372-00090954": "like things like that it was going on on places I can't say exactly what places and what websites", "if7eV0gL6NY-00138-00090954-00091572": "I went on but I imagine there were something like Reddit Tumblr wherever I could find really and you", "if7eV0gL6NY-00139-00091572-00091920": "know like one thing for me specifically is that my breasts just made me extremely uncomfortable", "if7eV0gL6NY-00140-00091980-00092616": "um and when I when I looked um it was like oh that's that's like a thing like if your breasts", "if7eV0gL6NY-00141-00092616-00092994": "make you uncomfortable that means that you're trans and so it was all of these things that", "if7eV0gL6NY-00142-00092994-00093528": "I think all women experience and like people in general I think that it's normal you know growing", "if7eV0gL6NY-00143-00093528-00094014": "up to sometimes feel uncomfortable in your body and because of all of the changes going on and", "if7eV0gL6NY-00144-00094014-00094458": "especially like I was just about to graduate from high school that's a really big life change yeah", "if7eV0gL6NY-00145-00094548-00095184": "um but I would say it was it was mostly uh going online and looking at those things and", "if7eV0gL6NY-00146-00095184-00095688": "seeking that affirmation from other people and confirmation from other people that yes this", "if7eV0gL6NY-00147-00095688-00096258": "is in fact true in who I am and at this point did most of your friends and your parents know", "if7eV0gL6NY-00148-00096258-00096918": "that you considered yourself gay yes and were they mostly accepting of that like your parents", "if7eV0gL6NY-00149-00096984-00097656": "they were fine no one minded yeah you've mentioned a couple times in passing and it's totally up to", "if7eV0gL6NY-00150-00097656-00098232": "you whether you kind of want to get specific on this that you had um that there was some negative", "if7eV0gL6NY-00151-00098232-00098766": "experiences in your past that made you just not really want to be a girl I don't know if it's", "if7eV0gL6NY-00152-00098766-00099450": "because of like the vulnerability that is innate in femininity and innate in a woman's body but", "if7eV0gL6NY-00153-00099528-00099900": "um if you could talk a little bit more if you're comfortable with kind of like what you mean", "if7eV0gL6NY-00154-00099984-00100440": "yeah so I mean one one thing that I I do feel comfortable elaborating on is", "if7eV0gL6NY-00155-00100440-00101004": "I I grew up in in Miami which was a very big city it's really crazy city", "if7eV0gL6NY-00156-00101076-00101682": "um so it's normal being 13 14 years old walking down the street and you'll have uh someone honk", "if7eV0gL6NY-00157-00101682-00102258": "their horn at you and shout profanities and just say nasty things you'll just be walking and", "if7eV0gL6NY-00158-00102258-00102654": "someone will stare at you and it's a normal thing now that might be a normal thing in other places", "if7eV0gL6NY-00159-00102654-00103152": "as well I'm not saying like it's only in Miami yeah but it's something going to other places that", "if7eV0gL6NY-00160-00103152-00103685": "I noticed it wasn't really like as as heavy and I will say this I mean at the school that I went to", "if7eV0gL6NY-00161-00103782-00104190": "um it was a very small school it was 400 students it was a really good school academically", "if7eV0gL6NY-00162-00104256-00104772": "um but it was small so we would run laps in the parking lot and I remember there was one time that", "if7eV0gL6NY-00163-00104772-00105209": "there were men recording us as we were running and the school officials didn't do anything", "if7eV0gL6NY-00164-00105209-00105959": "about it yeah um you know so it was just things it was things like that that just like you know", "if7eV0gL6NY-00165-00105959-00106518": "I I felt like I couldn't establish boundaries I felt like I was always at like the will of", "if7eV0gL6NY-00166-00106518-00107118": "whatever you know whatever man is around man is around I I also you know I I went to", "if7eV0gL6NY-00167-00107172-00107633": "um dual enrollment when I was 15 I started going to dual enrollment so I started taking college", "if7eV0gL6NY-00168-00107633-00108294": "classes and so it was normal for 30 year old men to flirt with me and when I say hey like I'm 15", "if7eV0gL6NY-00169-00108294-00108978": "I'm uncomfortable they're like well I don't care and I'm like well I do that's that's pretty odd", "if7eV0gL6NY-00170-00108978-00109685": "for you to to flirt with me at this age and not it wasn't even just that though it was also just", "if7eV0gL6NY-00171-00109685-00110472": "the the over sexual culture like uh in in the world in general like how women have we have to", "if7eV0gL6NY-00172-00110472-00111468": "over sexualize ourselves and like as if our bodies are like give us value when it's not yeah yeah I", "if7eV0gL6NY-00173-00111468-00112092": "think a lot of people don't realize or maybe a lot of men don't realize and certainly I'm not", "if7eV0gL6NY-00174-00112092-00112680": "like a man-hater anything like that so it's this is not necessarily a negative part about men it's", "if7eV0gL6NY-00175-00112680-00113298": "just true that you can't fully understand what it's like to always be like potential prey now", "if7eV0gL6NY-00176-00113298-00113759": "that doesn't mean that I am like paranoid and I think like every guy is a predator that's not", "if7eV0gL6NY-00177-00113759-00114264": "what it's about but when you are talking about predation it is typically women and children", "if7eV0gL6NY-00178-00114264-00114809": "who are the prey just because we are physically weaker we are physically more vulnerable women", "if7eV0gL6NY-00179-00114809-00115380": "just have to think more about how we dress how we present ourselves our tone of voice", "if7eV0gL6NY-00180-00115380-00116094": "what we say how we like use our eyes uh where we are how we're walking like if we're looking", "if7eV0gL6NY-00181-00116094-00116694": "behind our back that's just true that's a fact in a way that most men simply don't so I'm not", "if7eV0gL6NY-00182-00116694-00117126": "saying that that is like the only thing that drove you to think that you need to transition", "if7eV0gL6NY-00183-00117126-00117768": "but I can at least empathize with the constant burden of feeling like oh if I could just not", "if7eV0gL6NY-00184-00117768-00118409": "be objectified or if I could just not worry about that if I could just not be potential", "if7eV0gL6NY-00185-00118409-00119298": "prey that would feel maybe like a relief I don't know yes I I completely agree um you know", "if7eV0gL6NY-00186-00119442-00120072": "I guess just like wanting like you said like just wanting to feel comfortable you know going out", "if7eV0gL6NY-00187-00120072-00120648": "into the world yeah but you know transitioning to become a man doesn't necessarily solve that", "if7eV0gL6NY-00188-00120648-00121218": "issue right right so yeah tell me um a little bit more about that after you looked online you", "if7eV0gL6NY-00189-00121218-00121698": "went on Reddit and Tumblr which is like a common theme that I hear when talking to D transitioners", "if7eV0gL6NY-00190-00121698-00122166": "they're looking for as we all do when it comes to different things that we're like thinking through", "if7eV0gL6NY-00191-00122166-00122844": "or worried about we seek affirmation somewhere anywhere and you will absolutely find that when it", "if7eV0gL6NY-00192-00122844-00123408": "comes to gender identity on places like Tumblr and Reddit and you will hear like a lot of things like", "if7eV0gL6NY-00193-00123408-00123876": "what you're saying like the smallest thing outside of traditional femininity means that you're a", "if7eV0gL6NY-00194-00123876-00124500": "trans and so um yeah and you can you can comment on that if you want to or you can go ahead and", "if7eV0gL6NY-00195-00124500-00124968": "go into like how you went from that feeling and those like online searches to actual transition", "if7eV0gL6NY-00196-00125064-00125585": "yeah so actually I don't know why when when you were speaking I actually remembered another", "if7eV0gL6NY-00197-00125585-00126078": "point that I wanted to make which I think um is important when discussing gender dysphoria", "if7eV0gL6NY-00198-00126078-00126683": "is that I also uh simultaneously at the time was struggling with a lot of mental health", "if7eV0gL6NY-00199-00126683-00127146": "issues and had a history of of struggling with mental health issues you know being suicidal", "if7eV0gL6NY-00200-00127146-00127494": "and and self-harming there were times where sometimes I would have to go to the hospital", "if7eV0gL6NY-00201-00127620-00127896": "um because I just had so much anxiety I didn't know how to", "if7eV0gL6NY-00202-00128009-00128742": "like I didn't know how to calm myself you know so I went I went to a therapist I got on psychiatric", "if7eV0gL6NY-00203-00128742-00129474": "medication and this is 17 still you're about 17 years old this was a little bit before 17. it was", "if7eV0gL6NY-00204-00129474-00129990": "at 17 or like around that time that I was like okay I'm not taking psychiatric drugs I'm not", "if7eV0gL6NY-00205-00129990-00130620": "going to therapy because it's not helping me yeah like it I just like for me I just never understood", "if7eV0gL6NY-00206-00130620-00131136": "I'm like okay you can give me all of the coping mechanisms in the world but how is that supposed", "if7eV0gL6NY-00207-00131136-00131622": "to like actually Heal Me heal me and help me it's nothing against having coping mechanisms", "if7eV0gL6NY-00208-00131622-00132378": "but I could never actually find healing in any of that and so like you know being at a loss trying", "if7eV0gL6NY-00209-00132378-00132858": "to heal myself with you know secular therapy and secular psychology and all of these things", "if7eV0gL6NY-00210-00132924-00133476": "I was looking for like anything that would help me with with my my mental health and my mental issues", "if7eV0gL6NY-00211-00133476-00134034": "that I was experiencing and so that was also something else that that I believe led me towards", "if7eV0gL6NY-00212-00134034-00134478": "um experiencing gender dysphoria I guess you could say wrap it on such under dysphoria however you", "if7eV0gL6NY-00213-00134478-00135276": "wanna however you want to say it um but like the culmination of other mental health issues yeah and", "if7eV0gL6NY-00214-00135276-00135888": "so when you did decide that you were struggling with gender dysphoria and I'm guessing you went to", "if7eV0gL6NY-00215-00135888-00136734": "did you also go to a separate psychologist then to address your gender dysphoria no you did it so how", "if7eV0gL6NY-00216-00136734-00137556": "did you how did someone kind of confirm to you yep you're trans and we need to get you down a path of", "if7eV0gL6NY-00217-00137556-00138396": "surgery by giving me testosterone was it the same psychologist that you had or no I went to plan I", "if7eV0gL6NY-00218-00138396-00139014": "went to Planned Parenthood oh you went to Planned Parenthood with your parents or no I went I went", "if7eV0gL6NY-00219-00139014-00139692": "uh 18. okay so you went to Planned Parenthood at 18 did you have to have like a recommendation from", "if7eV0gL6NY-00220-00139692-00140256": "a psychologist or anyone who said yep she's trans no you just went to Planned Parenthood", "if7eV0gL6NY-00221-00140340-00140946": "and I think I guess I don't really exactly remember the exact timeline at the time I might", "if7eV0gL6NY-00222-00140946-00141576": "have gone back to a psychiatrist or something but I just read my medical records recently I was on", "if7eV0gL6NY-00223-00141654-00142146": "um an antidepressant and they were they were aware of that when I went there", "if7eV0gL6NY-00224-00142296-00142908": "um but no all I had to do was sit in the chair have someone talk to me you know giving me all", "if7eV0gL6NY-00225-00142908-00143574": "of the details of what's gonna happen and they did my blood work and when my blood work was", "if7eV0gL6NY-00226-00143574-00144330": "okay they just gave me the testosterone on the next visit wow so they gave you the testosterone", "if7eV0gL6NY-00227-00144330-00145002": "and did they have like some regimen for you or they're like okay you need to come back so we", "if7eV0gL6NY-00228-00145002-00145518": "can make sure that things are going okay or like here's our plan of action like how did that work", "if7eV0gL6NY-00229-00145620-00146172": "I I stopped going to Planned Parenthood after two months and then ended up going to", "if7eV0gL6NY-00230-00146172-00146640": "an endocrinologist okay but I believe what they and what most people do and what most", "if7eV0gL6NY-00231-00146640-00147240": "endocrinologists do um is every three months they do blood work but we inject ourselves", "if7eV0gL6NY-00232-00147378-00148068": "um I actually had a really big fear of needles and I remember so let me backtrack so after the", "if7eV0gL6NY-00233-00148068-00148500": "original consultation appointment where they did my blood work it was the next appointment", "if7eV0gL6NY-00234-00148500-00149088": "which was maybe like a month later that I got the testosterone and so they assisted me in", "if7eV0gL6NY-00235-00149088-00149640": "self-injection and I remember I was literally like sitting there like I've I've always been afraid of", "if7eV0gL6NY-00236-00149640-00150084": "needles like it's not just you know with us like I've always just generally been afraid of needles", "if7eV0gL6NY-00237-00150084-00150738": "and not like needles like I would I would pass out um at the pediatrician's office when I was", "if7eV0gL6NY-00238-00150738-00151578": "young because I just didn't like needles so I remember sitting there and then like just you", "if7eV0gL6NY-00239-00151578-00152058": "know I remember being like I don't want to inject myself like I'm scared like I I don't like needles", "if7eV0gL6NY-00240-00152058-00152550": "all this stuff she's like it's okay we'll just sit here and until you can do it and I like I just sat", "if7eV0gL6NY-00241-00152550-00152994": "there for like 30 minutes until I was like you know what if this is gonna help me I'm gonna do", "if7eV0gL6NY-00242-00152994-00153648": "it and so I ended up injecting myself um but it's self-injection and every three months blood work", "if7eV0gL6NY-00243-00153756-00154320": "nothing okay and then you started seeing an endocrinologist and what was that process like", "if7eV0gL6NY-00244-00154506-00154980": "that honestly was the worst process um so I was on 50 milligrams of", "if7eV0gL6NY-00245-00154980-00155298": "testosterone at Planned Parenthood when I went to the endocrinologist", "if7eV0gL6NY-00246-00155394-00156090": "um he said okay we'll we'll put you on 100 milligrams because that's a man's dosage those", "if7eV0gL6NY-00247-00156090-00156768": "were his literal words and you are like how how tall are you how much do you weigh at this point", "if7eV0gL6NY-00248-00156852-00157656": "I I'm I've always been tall so I'm I was five ten but I was very thin so like 130 140. and", "if7eV0gL6NY-00249-00157656-00158034": "you're still a woman you know even if you I mean even if you did have the same dimensions", "if7eV0gL6NY-00250-00158034-00158550": "as a man you're still not a man and so a man's dosage is going to be higher so when you heard", "if7eV0gL6NY-00251-00158550-00158970": "that when he was like here's a man's dosage for you little lady you were just like okay", "if7eV0gL6NY-00252-00159102-00159642": "I was just like I literally remember that visit I I felt depressed yeah like I", "if7eV0gL6NY-00253-00159702-00160140": "I I don't know I was just like in the midst of a lot of depression I was just like", "if7eV0gL6NY-00254-00160200-00160776": "okay like I was just like okay like if this is gonna make me feel better okay like I I didn't", "if7eV0gL6NY-00255-00160776-00161334": "really consciously think about okay like is this going to be bad like and also another", "if7eV0gL6NY-00256-00161334-00162000": "thing is that you know I had gotten a little bit into into drugs and so I was smoking marijuana", "if7eV0gL6NY-00257-00162096-00162564": "um and he even noted on the medical files that I consumed small amounts of marijuana weekly", "if7eV0gL6NY-00258-00162696-00163344": "so I I don't see how how you're supposed to give someone who's who you know is consuming", "if7eV0gL6NY-00259-00163344-00163806": "small amounts of marijuana weekly testosterone as well I mean I would wonder what are even the", "if7eV0gL6NY-00260-00163872-00164370": "like when when you when you combine it what are the ramifications mentally yeah", "if7eV0gL6NY-00261-00164442-00165156": "um but on that level of testosterone it it was like literal it was it was like I was living", "if7eV0gL6NY-00262-00165156-00165786": "through actual hell and I didn't understand how to contain myself how to control myself I had a lot", "if7eV0gL6NY-00263-00165786-00166992": "of anger uh frustration um you know and also like I my libido I I want to say this in the right way", "if7eV0gL6NY-00264-00167082-00167748": "um like I I had an increase in sexual urges that made me extremely uncomfortable as well", "if7eV0gL6NY-00265-00167826-00168420": "um and it led to overly sexual behavior which I now completely regret yeah so tell me a little bit", "if7eV0gL6NY-00266-00168420-00169002": "more about after you put on that much testosterone by the endocrinologist tell us a little bit more", "if7eV0gL6NY-00267-00169002-00169554": "about like the physical changes and was there also well for let me start with that and then I'll ask", "if7eV0gL6NY-00268-00169554-00170154": "my second question about your psychological State um how how quickly did your body start changing", "if7eV0gL6NY-00269-00170340-00171126": "honestly it was really quickly um I started seeing a change in my voice as quickly as two months into", "if7eV0gL6NY-00270-00171126-00172008": "testosterone um my body also changed very quickly um I mean it was all it was all just very rapid", "if7eV0gL6NY-00271-00172008-00172566": "which felt great at the time because I'm getting what I want or what I think I want so is there", "if7eV0gL6NY-00272-00172566-00173292": "like a euphoria that comes from like seeing and feeling those physical changes definitely because", "if7eV0gL6NY-00273-00173292-00173874": "it's like you know you you so first initially you start dressing like a man and you put on the", "if7eV0gL6NY-00274-00173874-00174360": "chest binder and you do all of these things and so I've been doing that you've been doing chest", "if7eV0gL6NY-00275-00174360-00174960": "binder and dressing like a guy did you take on a new name too yes I took on a new name as well", "if7eV0gL6NY-00276-00175014-00175770": "you know and and so I'm I'm already living as a man right and so I want to be perceived as a man", "if7eV0gL6NY-00277-00175842-00176256": "not only just because of you know that's how I want to be perceived but it's also", "if7eV0gL6NY-00278-00176256-00176772": "safer when you're perceived as a man for example going into the men's bathroom and so", "if7eV0gL6NY-00279-00176832-00177444": "it it did like it did make me very happy at first and very euphoric to see the changes", "if7eV0gL6NY-00280-00177570-00178056": "um I would say after like about about for the first I would say like maybe a year", "if7eV0gL6NY-00281-00178152-00178812": "um but after that things kind of changed but yeah and how did you feel when you were when", "if7eV0gL6NY-00282-00178812-00179340": "you decided that you wanted to present as a guy if someone like misgendered", "if7eV0gL6NY-00283-00179340-00180048": "you so-called like called you she or her or called you Sophia what would your reaction be", "if7eV0gL6NY-00284-00180168-00180834": "it was like well well first off I mean it depended like if it was someone I knew I would go off on", "if7eV0gL6NY-00285-00180834-00181266": "them if it was someone I didn't know like let's say I'm out at the store I would just", "if7eV0gL6NY-00286-00181266-00181782": "be quiet I wouldn't say anything because it it would just like make me so anxious", "if7eV0gL6NY-00287-00181860-00182376": "um not necessarily because it's like oh you're misgendering me which of course I I took issue", "if7eV0gL6NY-00288-00182376-00183072": "with but like I would worry for for my actual safety being in in those places because you", "if7eV0gL6NY-00289-00183072-00183630": "know what if done you know someone thinks I'm like weird and this and that and then someone", "if7eV0gL6NY-00290-00183696-00184326": "beats me up or you know I would have all of these thoughts going through my head um so always it was", "if7eV0gL6NY-00291-00184326-00184896": "something horrible not just from a standpoint of just not wanting to be misgendered but also", "if7eV0gL6NY-00292-00184896-00185442": "like fear of of some sort of violence whether or not the the violence uh the fear of violence", "if7eV0gL6NY-00293-00185442-00186126": "was actually uh a real one or just a perceived one yeah do you think that is what then motivated you", "if7eV0gL6NY-00294-00186126-00186660": "kind of like the misgendering and still sometimes being perceived as a girl to go ahead and get", "if7eV0gL6NY-00295-00186774-00187632": "um surgery yes I mean honestly at that time I wasn't like I wasn't really perceived at a girl", "if7eV0gL6NY-00296-00187632-00188460": "as a girl ever um I never had that that issue um well let me not say never there were times um but", "if7eV0gL6NY-00297-00188460-00189084": "it wasn't as bad as when I first transitioned but what really led me towards removing my breasts", "if7eV0gL6NY-00298-00189084-00189690": "was the fact that I hated chest binding it was extremely uncomfortable you know I would let's", "if7eV0gL6NY-00299-00189690-00190494": "say yes painful they they Market it as a safe and I mean I'll say this when I first started chest", "if7eV0gL6NY-00300-00190494-00190992": "binding and like I was going to work uh almost full time I was going to school almost full time", "if7eV0gL6NY-00301-00190992-00191532": "I had so much stress and all of these things going on I went to the hospital three times in one week", "if7eV0gL6NY-00302-00191532-00192048": "and I really believed that it was because of the the pressure that the chest binder put on my lungs", "if7eV0gL6NY-00303-00192048-00192768": "yeah um it was it was just terrific it would you know it would limit how often I could go out like", "if7eV0gL6NY-00304-00192768-00193206": "let's say I went and I worked an eight hour shift at work I'd have to go home so I could take it off", "if7eV0gL6NY-00305-00193260-00193830": "so it limited my Mobility it it limited what I could do it limited my comfort comfortability", "if7eV0gL6NY-00306-00193830-00194472": "and that was a huge factor and I I would say the number one factor probably and me having", "if7eV0gL6NY-00307-00194472-00194934": "my breasts removed and also just you know when I would look at myself in the mirror you know", "if7eV0gL6NY-00308-00195030-00195594": "um I I would just pick apart all of the parts of myself you know yeah I look really masculine now", "if7eV0gL6NY-00309-00195594-00196050": "but you know there's still this there's still this there's still this there's still this that", "if7eV0gL6NY-00310-00196050-00196578": "I don't like and you know I felt like but if I remove my breasts I'll uh I'll feel better like", "if7eV0gL6NY-00311-00196578-00197232": "that'll be the point when I'll feel better and you know even though I'm happy old man yeah exactly so", "if7eV0gL6NY-00312-00197232-00198156": "yeah those were were my motives for for getting Top surgery or yeah double mastectomy yeah so you", "if7eV0gL6NY-00313-00198156-00198840": "were on hormones and your voice started lowering did you get and you talked about like your", "if7eV0gL6NY-00314-00198840-00199512": "increased libido and aggression and anger which makes sense with like huge doses of testosterone", "if7eV0gL6NY-00315-00199596-00200124": "um did you get was it like body hair does your kind of bone structure change like in", "if7eV0gL6NY-00316-00200124-00200958": "your face and your shoulders yes and like like glory to God a lot of it has changed since then", "if7eV0gL6NY-00317-00201054-00201756": "but I mean I had very broad shoulders I was originally like very not very skinny", "if7eV0gL6NY-00318-00201756-00202152": "like not unhealthily skinny but I was like a skinny tall girl yeah", "if7eV0gL6NY-00319-00202242-00202692": "um and so the testosterone it did it made my shoulders broader you know", "if7eV0gL6NY-00320-00202752-00203388": "um I gained a lot of weight in my midsection like I I it took away the curves that I had yeah", "if7eV0gL6NY-00321-00203388-00204354": "um and it just a lot of body hair facial hair um trying to to think yeah those those were those", "if7eV0gL6NY-00322-00204354-00204846": "were mostly uh the the physical changes that I experienced as a result of the testosterone", "if7eV0gL6NY-00323-00204900-00205464": "and then so how long were you on testosterone before you decided to get a double mastectomy", "if7eV0gL6NY-00324-00205632-00206166": "a little more than a year maybe a year and three months and was it how", "if7eV0gL6NY-00325-00206166-00206742": "what what was that process like like was it the endocrinologist or how do you make that decision", "if7eV0gL6NY-00326-00206988-00207756": "um so I just want to uh a local surgeon um who specializes in these types of surgeries", "if7eV0gL6NY-00327-00207756-00208530": "not double mastectomies but gender affirming yeah quote unquote you know what I mean so", "if7eV0gL6NY-00328-00208530-00209094": "um I went to one of these specialists and we had been kind of conversing back and", "if7eV0gL6NY-00329-00209094-00209634": "forth since like since immediately after I started testosterone but I had so much", "if7eV0gL6NY-00330-00209634-00210294": "going on that it was kind of delayed a little bit um at some point uh you know I was really", "if7eV0gL6NY-00331-00210294-00210756": "getting serious about it and so all that I had to do was get a letter from a gender therapist", "if7eV0gL6NY-00332-00210882-00211500": "um so I Googled online gender therapists online that gave you your surgery letter after like one", "if7eV0gL6NY-00333-00211500-00212232": "visit I Googled something like that and the list popped up and so I clicked on on one he he doesn't", "if7eV0gL6NY-00334-00212232-00212873": "even practice here which now I've found out is extremely illegal um but he didn't even practice", "if7eV0gL6NY-00335-00212873-00213558": "here and so like I had just been talking to him a little bit about some of my life experiences it", "if7eV0gL6NY-00336-00213558-00214217": "was like do you do you think that that could be you know why you experience uh gender dysphoria", "if7eV0gL6NY-00337-00214278-00214938": "and I went off on him because I'm like what oh yeah you're not supposed to say that yeah no well", "if7eV0gL6NY-00338-00214938-00215700": "especially I'm I'm like a year on testosterone how are you gonna tell me that my dysphoria is", "if7eV0gL6NY-00339-00215700-00216180": "made up no I'm not gonna listen to you you felt like that's what he was saying he was saying do", "if7eV0gL6NY-00340-00216180-00216726": "you think that these negative experiences in your life could have caused dysphoria and what from", "if7eV0gL6NY-00341-00216726-00217134": "what I understand like you're not really supposed to say that you're only supposed to say that it's", "if7eV0gL6NY-00342-00217134-00217523": "totally innate and true to who you absolutely are so you felt like he was questioning that", "if7eV0gL6NY-00343-00217584-00218334": "yes I felt like he was he was questioning that uh definitely and it it even made me feel nervous", "if7eV0gL6NY-00344-00218334-00218910": "because now I realized yeah he was right that that was the reason why I experienced gender dysphoria", "if7eV0gL6NY-00345-00219000-00219473": "um you know so it was me being met with reality that I didn't want to be met with I mean obviously", "if7eV0gL6NY-00346-00219473-00219942": "I've been on testosterone for more than a year how am I supposed to go back there's no there's", "if7eV0gL6NY-00347-00219942-00220566": "no way back so you know these weren't conscious thoughts that I had my immediate reaction was", "if7eV0gL6NY-00348-00220566-00220980": "you're transphobic and if you don't give me the letter then I'm gonna report you or something", "if7eV0gL6NY-00349-00220980-00221490": "like that yeah or something like that I feel like that probably happens often which is why there", "if7eV0gL6NY-00350-00221490-00222066": "are doctors that will just be like here's your letter I mean no skin on their back they feel", "if7eV0gL6NY-00351-00222156-00222684": "yep yeah well I mean he ended up giving me my letter the threat worked yeah and", "if7eV0gL6NY-00352-00222810-00223344": "it's just like it's crazy how how that is allowed", "if7eV0gL6NY-00353-00223452-00223973": "um but I I completely agree and I I think that the medical professionals need to stand more firm", "if7eV0gL6NY-00354-00224028-00224598": "um on this issue for sure but so how typical before we get into like what the process was", "if7eV0gL6NY-00355-00224598-00225180": "like and getting a mastectomy how typical is your story of transitioners of your 18", "if7eV0gL6NY-00356-00225180-00225756": "years old you go to Planned Parenthood no recommendation just based on your word you", "if7eV0gL6NY-00357-00225756-00226200": "get hormones you go to endocrinologist again like I guess no real recommendation you get on", "if7eV0gL6NY-00358-00226200-00227052": "that much testosterone and then you go to gender therapist who doesn't even know you and then you", "if7eV0gL6NY-00359-00227052-00227550": "go to the surgeon based on the gender therapist recommendation who does not know you and then", "if7eV0gL6NY-00360-00227550-00228246": "you get an irreversible surgery is that typical of the so-called transition process for young people", "if7eV0gL6NY-00361-00228378-00228882": "I mean honestly I would say from people that I have spoken to", "if7eV0gL6NY-00362-00228984-00229823": "um and known personally and stories that I've read on the the detransition Reddit people also", "if7eV0gL6NY-00363-00229823-00230544": "that I've known yes I think that it is a an unnecessarily fast process for a lot of people", "if7eV0gL6NY-00364-00230544-00231269": "now are there maybe doctors that that wait a little bit and you know try and see if the", "if7eV0gL6NY-00365-00231269-00232002": "child is conscious of the decision that could be so as well but also I mean when we look into the", "if7eV0gL6NY-00366-00232002-00232571": "gender affirming care model just in itself it doesn't matter how long you affirm someone for", "if7eV0gL6NY-00367-00232638-00233412": "it's not going to to limit like them actually like genuinely thinking ha is is this is this", "if7eV0gL6NY-00368-00233412-00233892": "actually like is this actually good for me like should I actually be doing this so even putting", "if7eV0gL6NY-00369-00233892-00234402": "those those pauses or we'll wait three months because I have heard that you know oh after", "if7eV0gL6NY-00370-00234402-00235080": "the initial consultation wait three months and then we'll start you I mean like for me in the", "if7eV0gL6NY-00371-00235080-00235494": "position that I was in and I feel like a lot of young people and people are like this in general", "if7eV0gL6NY-00372-00235494-00235967": "who are who are seeking these treatments I was willing to say whatever I needed to say and do", "if7eV0gL6NY-00373-00235967-00236580": "whatever I needed to do to get that testosterone and to get that surgery because I was led to", "if7eV0gL6NY-00374-00236580-00237132": "believe that it was like it was gonna save me like I'm gonna feel so much better after it yeah", "if7eV0gL6NY-00375-00237186-00238152": "um yeah and then so you went to this gender surgeon who specialized in what is typically", "if7eV0gL6NY-00376-00238152-00238662": "referred to as Top surgery double mastectomy tell me what that process is like you brought", "if7eV0gL6NY-00377-00238662-00239142": "him the letter of recommendation from this gender therapist and they said okay you're good to go", "if7eV0gL6NY-00378-00239256-00240012": "basically I then got my um I think was there a consultation after that I believe then there", "if7eV0gL6NY-00379-00240012-00240798": "was like maybe another consultation in person and so then I had my surgery and that honestly", "if7eV0gL6NY-00380-00240882-00241494": "the whole surgery process was horrible um yeah it was an outpatient facility it wasn't in a hospital", "if7eV0gL6NY-00381-00241494-00242094": "so if something would have happened to me like I don't I don't know what would have happened um", "if7eV0gL6NY-00382-00242094-00242700": "and and not only that so I I get there that morning like around five six a.m", "if7eV0gL6NY-00383-00242790-00243462": "um and so then immediately it's time for my surgery and so then I wake up after the", "if7eV0gL6NY-00384-00243462-00244188": "surgery I'm like okay I had never had surgery before um and so I wasn't allowed to stay there", "if7eV0gL6NY-00385-00244188-00244686": "wasn't any like um place where you stayed the night I was immediately driven home wow", "if7eV0gL6NY-00386-00244740-00245190": "um I was told by the nurse like I just woke up and the only person there was the nurse", "if7eV0gL6NY-00387-00245250-00245826": "um so your parents they weren't a part of this yeah they they were I want to try and include", "if7eV0gL6NY-00388-00245826-00246282": "them as little as as possible just because of all of the controversy surrounding all of this stuff", "if7eV0gL6NY-00389-00246384-00247266": "um but yes my my parents were were a part of it um but the the nurse she um she was there with", "if7eV0gL6NY-00390-00247266-00247938": "me and she was the only one that was there out of all of the medical professionals and she she was", "if7eV0gL6NY-00391-00247938-00248244": "like okay you need to go to the bathroom before you go and mind you I'm like I'm just getting off", "if7eV0gL6NY-00392-00248244-00248730": "of anesthesia I'm like go to the bathroom I'm like oh okay and so when I couldn't go to the bathroom", "if7eV0gL6NY-00393-00248730-00249210": "she was like okay let me inject you with something so that you are able to go to the bathroom because", "if7eV0gL6NY-00394-00249210-00249756": "after anesthesia some of your body systems turn off so yeah then I want to you know so then I'm", "if7eV0gL6NY-00395-00249756-00250266": "injected with something the forced to believe you know is is to force me to go to the bathroom", "if7eV0gL6NY-00396-00250380-00250914": "um I had a horrible urge to urinate but I couldn't go and so then I didn't like even", "if7eV0gL6NY-00397-00250914-00251346": "use a catheter like I've had two C-sections and they just you know that's what they do because", "if7eV0gL6NY-00398-00251346-00251826": "you can't go to the bathroom so I didn't even know that sometimes they inject you with something that", "if7eV0gL6NY-00399-00251826-00252444": "just basically makes you want to pee but does it well then right after she's like okay we're gonna", "if7eV0gL6NY-00400-00252444-00252923": "get the catheter I'm like what and she's like don't worry it'll feel better after I'm like", "if7eV0gL6NY-00401-00252990-00253566": "okay okay I guess I'm like you can't I mean I just woke up from surgery I don't really", "if7eV0gL6NY-00402-00253566-00254262": "know exactly how how it works but I mean am I expected to be able to use the restroom like", "if7eV0gL6NY-00403-00254262-00254886": "30 minutes after waking up I don't think so yeah you know so so that that's kind of questionable", "if7eV0gL6NY-00404-00255017-00255582": "um but no I I completely agree and it was it was very traumatizing and I even so after that I was", "if7eV0gL6NY-00405-00255582-00256242": "driven home and you know I ended up having to go to the hospital uh because I still couldn't go to", "if7eV0gL6NY-00406-00256242-00256656": "the bathroom thankfully though when I got to the hospital I was able to go and then they looked", "if7eV0gL6NY-00407-00256656-00257178": "at my bladder to see if it was still full and it wasn't so then I was able to go home but if not", "if7eV0gL6NY-00408-00257178-00257892": "I would have had to have had another catheter inserted in me wow and so what was the recovery", "if7eV0gL6NY-00409-00257892-00258312": "like what was it like when you first looked in the mirror and you realized okay they're gone", "if7eV0gL6NY-00410-00258438-00259044": "my literal first reaction when I looked into the mirror and like officially was able to", "if7eV0gL6NY-00411-00259044-00259673": "see my my chest uh you know because for for a little while after the surgery you know there's", "if7eV0gL6NY-00412-00259673-00260250": "a lot you put like um bandages on and there's like little metal that that covers the nipples", "if7eV0gL6NY-00413-00260250-00261006": "and so immediately after just being able to see uh what I looked like I thought this did not help", "if7eV0gL6NY-00414-00261006-00261648": "me that was that was like my immediate thought and I was just I looked in the mirror I was like", "if7eV0gL6NY-00415-00261744-00262320": "this did not help me like because you literally I felt like you weren't masculine enough or it", "if7eV0gL6NY-00416-00262320-00262938": "just like you're you're depression didn't go away my depression didn't go away you know", "if7eV0gL6NY-00417-00262938-00263430": "and also that not not feeling masculine enough because I'm like okay well I don't have breasts", "if7eV0gL6NY-00418-00263430-00264258": "now but I still have hips you know like I still have a waist I I still you know I still don't", "if7eV0gL6NY-00419-00264258-00265008": "have like huge muscles so you know it's like to what end yeah and so it was at that point that", "if7eV0gL6NY-00420-00265008-00265752": "I started dressing more femininely um after your mastectomy yep interesting I started", "if7eV0gL6NY-00421-00265752-00266250": "dressing more feminine like you wanna know what's crazy is that and we could get more into this", "if7eV0gL6NY-00422-00266250-00266778": "um if you want to but throughout the entire process with my endocrinologist he was always", "if7eV0gL6NY-00423-00266778-00267330": "pushing me to keep continuing in the process like when I started testosterone it was like", "if7eV0gL6NY-00424-00267330-00267630": "you need to change your gender marker because if you don't change your gender marker then I", "if7eV0gL6NY-00425-00267630-00268230": "can't read your your Labs accurately so you need to change it and you need to do this and you need", "if7eV0gL6NY-00426-00268230-00268800": "to do that when you're going to do this so after I got the top surgery or the double mastectomy", "if7eV0gL6NY-00427-00268926-00269604": "um he was like this was like two months after and mind you I I had that conscious thought this did", "if7eV0gL6NY-00428-00269604-00269982": "not help me I also had the conscious thought I'm never getting surgery again because it's horrible", "if7eV0gL6NY-00429-00270036-00270546": "um that's good I'm so glad that you I'm so glad that you had that thought because I", "if7eV0gL6NY-00430-00270546-00270984": "mean the other surgeries that can come with the hysterectomies and what they call bottom", "if7eV0gL6NY-00431-00270984-00271506": "surgery I mean that's even more invasive and more lifelong consequences that you'd be dealing with", "if7eV0gL6NY-00432-00271602-00272076": "I completely agree well you want to know what he asked me not asked me told me he said", "if7eV0gL6NY-00433-00272142-00272670": "well no I guess it was a question but it was very core so if he was like um okay so when are you", "if7eV0gL6NY-00434-00272670-00273132": "getting a hysterectomy this is the first time he saw me after getting my breasts removed and you're", "if7eV0gL6NY-00435-00273132-00273864": "like 19 at this point 18 19. yeah I'm 19 years old and I was like and he's a he's a male doctor too", "if7eV0gL6NY-00436-00273864-00274452": "and it's just me and him so imagine like he's and again not in like any sort of like trying to push", "if7eV0gL6NY-00437-00274452-00275058": "a feminist agenda but he's an older man like and even if it was a woman too you're an older medical", "if7eV0gL6NY-00438-00275058-00275514": "professional or just a medical professional in general let's take all of it out of it yeah", "if7eV0gL6NY-00439-00275514-00276282": "trying to make me make me feel like I have to do certain things right um but he was like I I he was", "if7eV0gL6NY-00440-00276282-00276750": "like yeah so when are you getting a hysterectomy I was like I'm not getting a hysterectomy I was", "if7eV0gL6NY-00441-00276750-00277164": "like I was like no no way I mean I didn't tell him I regretted the surgery because", "if7eV0gL6NY-00442-00277164-00277686": "I didn't tell anyone that yeah at that point but I was like I'm not getting a hysterectomy", "if7eV0gL6NY-00443-00277686-00278106": "what yeah and he was like if you don't get a hysterectomy you're going to get ovarian cancer", "if7eV0gL6NY-00444-00278172-00278982": "and I was like okay because of the testosterone yeah that's interesting I bet they didn't tell", "if7eV0gL6NY-00445-00278982-00279474": "you that at Planned Parenthood when they started you on the hormone treatment no I mean they might", "if7eV0gL6NY-00446-00279474-00280020": "have did I listen no I mean did they tell me probably not was it maybe listed in some sort", "if7eV0gL6NY-00447-00280020-00280842": "of contract that I find yeah possibly did I look at it no no right I did not actually they actually", "if7eV0gL6NY-00448-00280842-00281634": "hand out Pam uh like these little packets from the local LGBT organization giving all of of", "if7eV0gL6NY-00449-00281634-00282246": "the the information on what to expect all that I remembered was the little sheet that's part of the", "if7eV0gL6NY-00450-00282246-00282762": "I believe it's part of the wpath standards of all of the effects that I would see and they were all", "if7eV0gL6NY-00451-00282762-00283302": "good and positive things to me at the time right like facial hair voice deepening that's the only", "if7eV0gL6NY-00452-00283302-00283890": "thing that I ever remembered and I actually pinned it on my wall yeah I I didn't know that it would", "if7eV0gL6NY-00453-00283890-00284352": "cause ovarian cancer I thought oh there's there's no there's no harmful side effects right that's", "if7eV0gL6NY-00454-00284352-00284736": "what I thought I'm like there's nothing no there's nothing bad to this and if anyone wanted to tell", "if7eV0gL6NY-00455-00284736-00285252": "me there was I'm like no don't tell me that yeah don't tell me that right you know but he told me", "if7eV0gL6NY-00456-00285252-00286026": "that he was like oh you'll get ovarian cancer and like trying to push me to get the hysterectomy I", "if7eV0gL6NY-00457-00286026-00286698": "was like then I get ovarian cancer I I probably said it as bluntly as that yeah and so then I", "if7eV0gL6NY-00458-00286698-00287514": "tried to put me on some sort of medication to um like help against ovarian yeah prevent it I guess", "if7eV0gL6NY-00459-00287568-00288270": "um but it would cause me to get periods which was also another reason why I transitioned was because", "if7eV0gL6NY-00460-00288270-00288894": "I hated my periods that were very painful um I mean and I mean you know I mean I've now grown to", "if7eV0gL6NY-00461-00288894-00289818": "appreciate my monthly cycle but yes it's not also frustrating sometimes yeah of course but yeah so I", "if7eV0gL6NY-00462-00289818-00290286": "was like I'm not I'm not taking that I don't want to get periods and so that was the end of that and", "if7eV0gL6NY-00463-00290286-00290808": "if I would have gotten a hysterectomy I would have been a lifelong medical patient yeah so it makes", "if7eV0gL6NY-00464-00290808-00291372": "sense as to why he would have wanted me to get one exactly the love of money is the root of all kinds", "if7eV0gL6NY-00465-00291372-00291936": "of evil and I think it is like it's ideology as for some people I think that there are some", "if7eV0gL6NY-00466-00291936-00292398": "people who think that they are well intentioned they think that they're truly helping people they", "if7eV0gL6NY-00467-00292398-00292884": "think they're being empathetic for some people it's power for some people it's perversion and", "if7eV0gL6NY-00468-00292884-00293304": "paraphilias we've talked about it from a lot of different angles and if people want to know about", "if7eV0gL6NY-00469-00293304-00293790": "wpath and like where they get their research they can listen to my interview with Genevieve", "if7eV0gL6NY-00470-00293790-00294300": "Glock who has done a lot of research in this area it is but no matter what the motivation is", "if7eV0gL6NY-00471-00294354-00295122": "it is leading to lifelong harm of young people even if Planned Parenthood had explicitly told", "if7eV0gL6NY-00472-00295122-00295716": "you this can cause ovarian cancer you're still 18 years old your frontal lobe still", "if7eV0gL6NY-00473-00295716-00296382": "isn't developed even if they told you every single possible side effect you that young cannot even", "if7eV0gL6NY-00474-00296460-00297018": "be really held responsible for that because you don't have the decision-making capacity", "if7eV0gL6NY-00475-00297018-00297648": "to even be able to understand the long-term implications of the thing that you're doing", "if7eV0gL6NY-00476-00297648-00298116": "in the moment that you think and you have been told is going to alleviate your depression right", "if7eV0gL6NY-00477-00298224-00298662": "yep I completely agree well let me ask you a question you've been to college before right yes", "if7eV0gL6NY-00478-00298728-00299268": "how many times did you change your degree or your your desire for a major right", "if7eV0gL6NY-00479-00299334-00299748": "um yeah when I first got there I thought that I was going to go to law school I thought that I", "if7eV0gL6NY-00480-00299748-00300222": "didn't use a double major in Communications in English very quickly I was like that's too much", "if7eV0gL6NY-00481-00300222-00300678": "work and so and I decided not to go to law school I decided not to double major in English I just", "if7eV0gL6NY-00482-00300678-00301290": "did communication studies and that was all within like you know the course of a year and I think", "if7eV0gL6NY-00483-00301290-00301944": "the point you're making I was 18 I was an adult but still yep exactly I've changed my major my", "if7eV0gL6NY-00484-00301944-00302652": "desire for a major maybe like four or five times yeah so I mean how am I supposed to know like", "if7eV0gL6NY-00485-00302706-00303204": "you know with all of the the lifelong consequences that come with these treatments how am I supposed", "if7eV0gL6NY-00486-00303204-00303888": "to have the actual ability to like know whether or not I'm able to accept the ramifications and even", "if7eV0gL6NY-00487-00304032-00304386": "I'll just leave it at that I'll just leave it like that but that was that was the point", "if7eV0gL6NY-00488-00304386-00305046": "I was trying to make right and what was the physical recovery from the mastectomy like", "if7eV0gL6NY-00489-00305418-00306186": "um it so I had to sleep on my back a lot I'm not used to sleeping on my back and so I didn't sleep", "if7eV0gL6NY-00490-00306186-00306984": "well for a while so that so for about a week I had tubes in my chest to drain out I mean I guess", "if7eV0gL6NY-00491-00306984-00307878": "fat or any liquid that was uh in there after the surgery then I got the tubes taken out um and so", "if7eV0gL6NY-00492-00307878-00308550": "then after that um for a month I couldn't put my arms above my my head like I couldn't lift my arms", "if7eV0gL6NY-00493-00308652-00309282": "um I couldn't really carry anything heavy and then after that like it was still I would say", "if7eV0gL6NY-00494-00309282-00309936": "the recovery process was maybe like six months and I lost also a lot of physical strength and", "if7eV0gL6NY-00495-00309936-00310458": "they don't say six months and maybe it's different for everyone but for myself personally to really", "if7eV0gL6NY-00496-00310530-00311100": "feel like myself again um even though I didn't feel like myself but physically speaking I guess", "if7eV0gL6NY-00497-00311100-00311694": "you could say it's like about six months okay and then you said pretty immediately after that", "if7eV0gL6NY-00498-00311694-00312186": "one that she didn't want surgery again two that you didn't feel better three that you", "if7eV0gL6NY-00499-00312186-00312834": "started dressing more femininly so does this after your mastectomy does that kind of start", "if7eV0gL6NY-00500-00312834-00313566": "the beginnings of your detransition process or did it take longer than that mm-hmm so it took", "if7eV0gL6NY-00501-00313566-00314196": "it took longer it took a while for me to just say like I'm a woman like period I'm a woman", "if7eV0gL6NY-00502-00314262-00314892": "but after the double mastectomy a short while after I started saying you know I'm non-binary", "if7eV0gL6NY-00503-00314892-00315822": "I go by like he and they pronouns then it turned to I'm non-binary and I go by they pronouns and", "if7eV0gL6NY-00504-00315822-00316518": "then it was like non-binary Femme and I still go by their pronouns but dressing like a woman", "if7eV0gL6NY-00505-00316518-00317208": "looking like a woman talking like a woman I just didn't want to accept specifically the fact that", "if7eV0gL6NY-00506-00317322-00318120": "um the removing of my breasts was a mistake and you know I I I wanted to be an LGBT activist", "if7eV0gL6NY-00507-00318120-00318576": "like I said and then I wanted to be a trans activist so this was my whole world this was", "if7eV0gL6NY-00508-00318576-00319146": "my whole this was like the whole of who I was at the time so it was something that I I didn't", "if7eV0gL6NY-00509-00319146-00319746": "want to let go but eventually you know it you know for like in the midst of like everything", "if7eV0gL6NY-00510-00319746-00320376": "that was happening with covet being isolated and um being kind of separated from that community", "if7eV0gL6NY-00511-00320550-00321096": "um was on I really was able to to think consciously about all of these things", "if7eV0gL6NY-00512-00321150-00321750": "and you know then started doing research for myself about you know the the other side", "if7eV0gL6NY-00513-00321894-00322350": "um you know like like the harms of transitioning and all of that stuff and and you know like", "if7eV0gL6NY-00514-00322350-00322812": "different different opinions that were out there mostly um there were mostly radical feminists", "if7eV0gL6NY-00515-00322812-00323466": "opinions at the time yeah but that's when I really when I started to see the research I was like wow", "if7eV0gL6NY-00516-00323466-00324264": "like this stuff is wrong and it was in that time that I was able to say like I'm a woman that's it", "if7eV0gL6NY-00517-00324264-00324906": "and I was deceived and I was lied to and I boy was I upset yeah so this is stuff that you were kind", "if7eV0gL6NY-00518-00324906-00325566": "of seeing online that made you kind of realize that so I mean there was there were online forums", "if7eV0gL6NY-00519-00325566-00326064": "that kind of made you think that your feelings of discomfort made to a man and then it was also the", "if7eV0gL6NY-00520-00326064-00326796": "research and the resources online that kind of made you realize oh wait no I'm not and were you", "if7eV0gL6NY-00521-00326796-00327396": "kind of like looking for that once you realized okay the surgery didn't help this didn't solve", "if7eV0gL6NY-00522-00327396-00327804": "all my problems did you kind of go looking for okay well what's the other side of the story", "if7eV0gL6NY-00523-00327882-00328428": "or was there someone in your life that kind of made you question yeah there was there was someone", "if7eV0gL6NY-00524-00328428-00329208": "in my life actually um there was someone that that I had started dating um and like he would", "if7eV0gL6NY-00525-00329208-00329652": "tell me things he's like have you ever looked at the detransition Reddit so you were dating a guy", "if7eV0gL6NY-00526-00329652-00330354": "at this point yes well I I had been dating men the whole time I have been with men the whole time oh", "if7eV0gL6NY-00527-00330546-00331368": "I so I had to enter the same-sex relationship and then at like 18 and a half um I think it was when", "if7eV0gL6NY-00528-00331368-00332016": "we broke up and then from then on I was only with men okay I would never I would never be with women", "if7eV0gL6NY-00529-00332136-00332850": "um yeah but so that that goes to show kind of some of the the confusion which honestly", "if7eV0gL6NY-00530-00332850-00333726": "it's a very normal thing like you will see like trans men who are bisexual or gay like you know", "if7eV0gL6NY-00531-00333726-00334152": "it's actually something that's that's pretty common and I think that a lot of it is because", "if7eV0gL6NY-00532-00334230-00334914": "um you know like the fear of being with a man as a woman was was something that I that I thought I", "if7eV0gL6NY-00533-00334914-00335592": "felt I guess like you know if if I was a man I had some at least some control over the situation but", "if7eV0gL6NY-00534-00335592-00336306": "I I didn't you know I I was raped um I received death threats and you know after you identified", "if7eV0gL6NY-00535-00336306-00337284": "as a man yes so it didn't solve the problem of making you not pray no I mean it it probably", "if7eV0gL6NY-00536-00337350-00338058": "pushed it a little bit more to be honest uh but yeah no it didn't solve the problem um and", "if7eV0gL6NY-00537-00338058-00338706": "probably pushed me even further into somehow and and that warped mindset that I was in continuing", "if7eV0gL6NY-00538-00338706-00339234": "the transition process I guess you could say I mean I've never really thought about it like like", "if7eV0gL6NY-00539-00339234-00339936": "this before but you know the further I go along the more masculine that I present and I act maybe", "if7eV0gL6NY-00540-00339936-00340404": "then these things won't happen to me yeah um but I would have to maybe think about that that more", "if7eV0gL6NY-00541-00340404-00341070": "before before saying that but I agree so there was a guy that you were dating that kind of made you", "if7eV0gL6NY-00542-00341070-00341748": "start second guessing your what you thought was your identity yes um it was just like some of the", "if7eV0gL6NY-00543-00341748-00342156": "the things he would tell me like have you looked at the detransition Reddit well how does this and", "if7eV0gL6NY-00544-00342156-00342900": "that make sense it it was like these questions that no one had ever really asked me and it just", "if7eV0gL6NY-00545-00342900-00343458": "got me to to just really start thinking and so initially like what I really thought I'm like", "if7eV0gL6NY-00546-00343458-00343932": "I don't think the testosterone is healthy for me like I had actually been looking a lot into like", "if7eV0gL6NY-00547-00344022-00344922": "um the medical industry and like I I I just really started to to question like is is it healthy for", "if7eV0gL6NY-00548-00344922-00345414": "me to be on this much testosterone I don't really know if I like how it's making me look physically", "if7eV0gL6NY-00549-00345540-00345918": "um and and you know what will be the ramifications in the future and so I got off of it", "if7eV0gL6NY-00550-00346026-00346710": "um and but it was even after getting off of testosterone it was still a process for me", "if7eV0gL6NY-00551-00346710-00347304": "to ultimately realize like no I'm a woman and this whole system is just messed up", "if7eV0gL6NY-00552-00347370-00348138": "yeah yeah and so then kind of finally what did it look like when you decided to", "if7eV0gL6NY-00553-00348192-00348984": "go off hormones and like fully present as like the girl the woman you are go by she her again", "if7eV0gL6NY-00554-00348984-00349998": "like what was that process like it it was a really challenging process um mostly because you know I", "if7eV0gL6NY-00555-00350124-00350772": "I looked extremely masculine at the time it was really hard for me to to go out and not", "if7eV0gL6NY-00556-00350772-00351474": "be perceived as a man or even perceived as a trans woman um I got called an f-a-g-g-o-t I", "if7eV0gL6NY-00557-00351474-00352182": "I don't like using those words um but you know I I got called derogatory terms I had people", "if7eV0gL6NY-00558-00352182-00352884": "just treat me you know horribly and it was even more frustrating because it's like well I'm I'm", "if7eV0gL6NY-00559-00352884-00353556": "I'm like biologically female yeah and now I'm experiencing the same thing I experienced while", "if7eV0gL6NY-00560-00353556-00354096": "transitioning to become a man but now people are making me feel deluded and doing what you know", "if7eV0gL6NY-00561-00354096-00354576": "like and being who I actually am and it's like when when I'm put in the position and especially", "if7eV0gL6NY-00562-00354576-00355290": "if someone's being rude it's hard to say like hey like actually I'm I'm not a man um I transitioned", "if7eV0gL6NY-00563-00355290-00355812": "to become a man and now I'm becoming a woman again and they're like okay so you're a man and", "if7eV0gL6NY-00564-00355812-00356622": "I'm like no like the people that affirmed like your original transition are the same kinds of", "if7eV0gL6NY-00565-00356622-00357204": "people then gave you a hard time for actually like presenting as who you biologically are", "if7eV0gL6NY-00566-00357306-00357972": "it wasn't the same people it was more like um like for example at a job or going out in public", "if7eV0gL6NY-00567-00357972-00358680": "like the people in my life like honestly throughout the whole time like I had some", "if7eV0gL6NY-00568-00358680-00359298": "some friends in the LGBT community I did but at that point I had kind of cut everyone off not", "if7eV0gL6NY-00569-00359298-00359994": "even because of that necessarily but because you know they were they were doing negative things", "if7eV0gL6NY-00570-00359994-00360456": "and it really hurt me to have to you know like drugs and and things like that and so it really", "if7eV0gL6NY-00571-00360456-00360924": "hurt me to have to cut them off but I was in a place where I really wanted to better myself", "if7eV0gL6NY-00572-00360924-00361650": "and so I had to so at the time like with within my inner circle there was no one that was against me", "if7eV0gL6NY-00573-00361650-00362130": "um detransitioning in fact they didn't really voice it at the time but they were actually really", "if7eV0gL6NY-00574-00362130-00362844": "happy that I was thankfully yeah and tell me this is 2020-ish right when you were detransitioning", "if7eV0gL6NY-00575-00362898-00363474": "okay and then tell me about becoming a Christian like how did you hear the gospel", "if7eV0gL6NY-00576-00363474-00364050": "what was that like so that was actually pretty crazy so um immediately after", "if7eV0gL6NY-00577-00364158-00364944": "um transitioning I was seeking spirituality but not in the right places and so I I had", "if7eV0gL6NY-00578-00364944-00365514": "started with like kind of getting into New Age stuff and you know things that", "if7eV0gL6NY-00579-00365586-00366390": "um actually proved to be very harmful and ultimately just did not help me um and so", "if7eV0gL6NY-00580-00366390-00366996": "I was just looking like I guess for me I always just like wanted to know like why am I here like", "if7eV0gL6NY-00581-00366996-00367572": "there has to be a purpose to my life a purpose as to why I'm existing and especially with everything", "if7eV0gL6NY-00582-00367572-00368058": "that I've been through it's like if there's not a reason like I would rather just die you know", "if7eV0gL6NY-00583-00368058-00368670": "I I was even Baker acted a couple months after detransitioning I was extremely depressed sorry", "if7eV0gL6NY-00584-00368868-00369546": "oh I said uh that I was I was Baker acted what's that a couple months oh okay um it's basically", "if7eV0gL6NY-00585-00369630-00370356": "um where you're forced to forcefully put in a mental hospital I had self-harmed um and I told my", "if7eV0gL6NY-00586-00370356-00371136": "therapist and the cops came and they Baker acted me so I spent three days in a in a mental facility", "if7eV0gL6NY-00587-00371238-00371928": "um which was horrible it was it was it was like literally the worst experience and specifically", "if7eV0gL6NY-00588-00371928-00372372": "after that experience I was like I'm never telling anyone if I'm feeling bad I'm uh if", "if7eV0gL6NY-00589-00372372-00372774": "I'm feeling bad I'm just keeping it to myself because I'm never getting big drafted again", "if7eV0gL6NY-00590-00372900-00373608": "um and so about two months after being Baker acted and you know unemployed I had actually lost my", "if7eV0gL6NY-00591-00373608-00374298": "college scholarship a couple years before um I I had graduated with the 3.7 GPA 1360 SAT score", "if7eV0gL6NY-00592-00374298-00374892": "50 college credits I had a thousand dollars being given back to me in my bank account every semester", "if7eV0gL6NY-00593-00374982-00375342": "but I had to drop out because of all of the trauma and the stress that I was going through", "if7eV0gL6NY-00594-00375342-00376056": "so it's like this is after transition yes that's after after transitioning yeah so not even the", "if7eV0gL6NY-00595-00376056-00376512": "transitioning after transitioning like six months after transitioning was one that happened okay and", "if7eV0gL6NY-00596-00376512-00377364": "so just sitting in the loss of everything not just of my livelihood but of my actual physical body I", "if7eV0gL6NY-00597-00377364-00377922": "was like I I literally felt like I had no reason to live and so there was one day I was laying in", "if7eV0gL6NY-00598-00377922-00378510": "my bed and you know like I said like I I would speak to God I would say God please like help", "if7eV0gL6NY-00599-00378510-00379386": "me with this please like I need I need this like who even are you you know and so I I I prayed that", "if7eV0gL6NY-00600-00379386-00379992": "I was laying in my bed I said God if you're real please help me I I'm like I can't go on like this", "if7eV0gL6NY-00601-00379992-00380802": "anymore um and so about a month later there was a girl on the D transition Reddit um I had I had", "if7eV0gL6NY-00602-00380802-00381342": "posted about like wanting like oh does anyone want to start like a band with other the transitioners", "if7eV0gL6NY-00603-00381432-00382098": "um and so she she messaged me back and so we actually talked um we we talked for like a few", "if7eV0gL6NY-00604-00382098-00382728": "hours and so she like after speaking for a little bit you know she was a Christian she felt led", "if7eV0gL6NY-00605-00382728-00383646": "to talk to me about about Jesus and like so so like I guess backtrack so I I hated Christians", "if7eV0gL6NY-00606-00383646-00384270": "you know I and not not necessarily like with a pitchfork like you know like that but you know", "if7eV0gL6NY-00607-00384270-00384816": "I felt like mostly like Christians hated me and I felt like you know because of the perceptions", "if7eV0gL6NY-00608-00384816-00385452": "that I have of had of Christians I was like Jesus must not be real because I just felt internally", "if7eV0gL6NY-00609-00385452-00386142": "like I had an innate sense that God must be good and from what I see uh in the example of other", "if7eV0gL6NY-00610-00386142-00386814": "Christians Jesus isn't good um that and that's that's just what I felt but you know because they", "if7eV0gL6NY-00611-00386814-00387486": "didn't Christians didn't affirm like your male identity they didn't affirm transgenderism so you", "if7eV0gL6NY-00612-00387486-00388008": "kind of equated that with them being hateful yeah and not even just the the affirmation", "if7eV0gL6NY-00613-00388128-00388674": "um also you know things that I experienced while also being young in high school and experiencing", "if7eV0gL6NY-00614-00388674-00389166": "same-sex attraction but just like things that I would see online again I was I was the type to", "if7eV0gL6NY-00615-00389166-00389658": "to research so I would like I would look up and I would watch videos of like Westboro Baptist", "if7eV0gL6NY-00616-00389658-00390402": "Church and you know I would I would look online and everything that I that I saw was Christians", "if7eV0gL6NY-00617-00390402-00390930": "are evil Christians hate you all of these things not even just within the LGBT but Christians hate", "if7eV0gL6NY-00618-00390930-00391482": "women Christians hate these people Christian you know and which which now now we know well", "if7eV0gL6NY-00619-00391482-00392070": "now I know is is obviously a lie in the not all Christians are representations of who Jesus is", "if7eV0gL6NY-00620-00392166-00392574": "um but that's just kind of what what I had felt for a really long time", "if7eV0gL6NY-00621-00392718-00393462": "yeah and so tell me a little bit more about um I think I interrupted you your new friend that", "if7eV0gL6NY-00622-00393462-00393924": "you wanted to start a band with she started talking about Jesus you hated Christians and", "if7eV0gL6NY-00623-00393924-00394500": "so like what was your first impression when she brought Jesus up I was like immediately intrigued", "if7eV0gL6NY-00624-00394500-00395010": "I don't know if it's because it was the right person to deliver the message because you know", "if7eV0gL6NY-00625-00395010-00395544": "obviously she could relate to me as another d transitioner but I don't know if it's because", "if7eV0gL6NY-00626-00395544-00396240": "God prepared me or or what it was or just like I was just so desperate I like immediately was", "if7eV0gL6NY-00627-00396240-00396984": "like wow I find this very interesting um however you know there there were people in my life which", "if7eV0gL6NY-00628-00396984-00397482": "I don't want to get very specific about but there were people in my life that were like very against", "if7eV0gL6NY-00629-00397482-00398160": "it they were very against me becoming a Christian um and and you know just getting getting into God", "if7eV0gL6NY-00630-00398160-00398580": "and all of that stuff and so it was like a back and forth like people kind of making me", "if7eV0gL6NY-00631-00398580-00399198": "feel like I was crazy for believing that that Jesus you know is Lord um and so I would kind", "if7eV0gL6NY-00632-00399198-00399684": "of go down that okay yeah you're right maybe I'm just making it all up maybe what I'm feeling isn't", "if7eV0gL6NY-00633-00399684-00400176": "actually real you know but then I would get to another desperate place and you know whether it", "if7eV0gL6NY-00634-00400176-00400746": "be you know I would pray or you know whatever it was I could feel God's presence and I would be", "if7eV0gL6NY-00635-00400746-00401184": "shifted back so it was like back and forth back and forth back and forth for a couple of months", "if7eV0gL6NY-00636-00401274-00402276": "um you know on until there just came a point where you know I I um I had just gone gone through a", "if7eV0gL6NY-00637-00402276-00402876": "breakup and so after the breakup I was literally like I called my friend on the phone I was like", "if7eV0gL6NY-00638-00402936-00403530": "I need to know if Jesus is real I'm done with all of this back and forth like it's I I just", "if7eV0gL6NY-00639-00403530-00403944": "need to know because if Jesus isn't real like literally what is the point for me living", "if7eV0gL6NY-00640-00404004-00404676": "this is what I felt at the time um and then you know I just got to like a place and a point where", "if7eV0gL6NY-00641-00404676-00405258": "I just finally surrendered because I was like okay Jesus like the reality of you is too clear to me", "if7eV0gL6NY-00642-00405258-00405858": "and I can't I can't deny it anymore and I'm tired of living you know the way that I'm I'm living I", "if7eV0gL6NY-00643-00405858-00406362": "want to I want to experience true freedom and so I ended up giving giving my life to Christ", "if7eV0gL6NY-00644-00406362-00406872": "hmm and while your friend was like sharing the gospel with you talking to you about Jesus were", "if7eV0gL6NY-00645-00406872-00407424": "you reading the Bible were you looking at churches or was it just through your conversations with her", "if7eV0gL6NY-00646-00407424-00408288": "that you realized that Jesus is the way it was I didn't go to church um but it was Commerce it was", "if7eV0gL6NY-00647-00408288-00409086": "conversations with her and also reading the Bible and also just like just like God moments I guess I", "if7eV0gL6NY-00648-00409086-00409578": "guess that's the best way to put it so like I can give one specific example that was very profound", "if7eV0gL6NY-00649-00409632-00410304": "um so I've I've always sang you know I've always um I haven't always written music like written", "if7eV0gL6NY-00650-00410304-00410892": "songs um but I I had started to around the age of 17 when I started experiencing gender dysphoria", "if7eV0gL6NY-00651-00410958-00411696": "um because it was a really good outlet for me and so um I I remember God he likes I heard him say to", "if7eV0gL6NY-00652-00411696-00412110": "me he said my child do not worry strengthen your faith and everything will fall into place because", "if7eV0gL6NY-00653-00412110-00412589": "of something that I was going through at the time and I was like I feel like this is a song and so", "if7eV0gL6NY-00654-00412589-00412997": "I just got on I got on my phone and just started typing because that's what I would usually do when", "if7eV0gL6NY-00655-00412997-00413766": "I would write a song and so like I it took me like maybe a day to write it and then I wasn't really", "if7eV0gL6NY-00656-00413766-00414462": "conscious of what I had written but then after when I went to read it I just started crying like", "if7eV0gL6NY-00657-00414462-00415032": "I just broke down crying uncontrollably because it was like God in that message without me even", "if7eV0gL6NY-00658-00415032-00415704": "understanding was speaking directly to me and the fact that he actually did love me because I always", "if7eV0gL6NY-00659-00415704-00416184": "thought that he hated me not because of not only because of the the things that other people would", "if7eV0gL6NY-00660-00416184-00416838": "say but because I was like you've never answered my prayers before so you must you know you must", "if7eV0gL6NY-00661-00416838-00417324": "hate me and that that's just what I thought which is obviously a lie um and it's so funny because", "if7eV0gL6NY-00662-00417324-00417839": "I sent it to my friend and she started crying she was like I don't understand how this song", "if7eV0gL6NY-00663-00417839-00418716": "is so biblically accurate yet you've never even really read the Bible yeah yeah wow and tell me", "if7eV0gL6NY-00664-00418716-00419370": "since becoming a Christian like I I know it's this is like it could be a whole other hour-long", "if7eV0gL6NY-00665-00419370-00419958": "conversation but just give some some examples of how kind of your thinking has changed not", "if7eV0gL6NY-00666-00419958-00420600": "just about life but also like about the body about gender about like sex and relationships", "if7eV0gL6NY-00667-00420720-00421446": "um talk a little bit about that yes so honestly again I feel like God had been really working", "if7eV0gL6NY-00668-00421446-00422064": "on me to to receive the message up to that point so at that point honestly a lot of", "if7eV0gL6NY-00669-00422064-00422910": "viewpoints that I had once had had changed my my viewpoints on on relationships like um for example", "if7eV0gL6NY-00670-00422910-00423606": "the importance of of it being you know a man a man and a woman together um as God designs and", "if7eV0gL6NY-00671-00423714-00424266": "um regarding that I mean regarding just taking care of the body and like you know eating", "if7eV0gL6NY-00672-00424266-00424884": "healthy like I was really looking into um certain certain medical sciences that that I thought were", "if7eV0gL6NY-00673-00424884-00425712": "incorrect um you know my my views on on feminism um which obviously I I I don't I don't agree with", "if7eV0gL6NY-00674-00425712-00426258": "you know women being unfairly treated but I also disagree with certain feminist viewpoints", "if7eV0gL6NY-00675-00426378-00426882": "um and one one really big thing is saving myself for for marriage", "if7eV0gL6NY-00676-00426989-00427547": "um and a person saving themselves for marriage and for marriage to to be the place where where", "if7eV0gL6NY-00677-00427547-00428208": "sexual relations are had because I had a really bad sex addiction um during that time but after", "if7eV0gL6NY-00678-00428208-00428862": "after coming to to Christ like like it just it went away completely you know and of course like", "if7eV0gL6NY-00679-00428862-00429510": "everyone experiences temptation but I no longer have the desire to to engage in that anymore", "if7eV0gL6NY-00680-00429600-00430116": "um and also you know one one really big thing I think identity in Christ is very important", "if7eV0gL6NY-00681-00430224-00431076": "um I I um I also at the time was seeking therapy again uh secular secular therapy and it wasn't", "if7eV0gL6NY-00682-00431076-00431634": "helpful for me um in fact you could say that it made me worse in certain ways because you know", "if7eV0gL6NY-00683-00431634-00432047": "like for example my one of my therapists had told me she's like if you feel like cutting yourself", "if7eV0gL6NY-00684-00432047-00432630": "you should just drink a bowl of soup and I'm like how is drinking you know because I I like soup and", "if7eV0gL6NY-00685-00432630-00433134": "I'm like how is drinking a bowl of soup supposed to help me like I was losing my mind because it's", "if7eV0gL6NY-00686-00433134-00433830": "like how are these things actually helpful for anyone like I I just couldn't understand it you", "if7eV0gL6NY-00687-00433830-00434393": "know but now I've been able to find like through prayer and through through the Holy Spirit and", "if7eV0gL6NY-00688-00434393-00434916": "through having a relationship with Jesus I've been able to find true healing and true sanity", "if7eV0gL6NY-00689-00435012-00435534": "um you know and and not to say that um christ-based resources you know when it comes", "if7eV0gL6NY-00690-00435534-00436043": "to therapy and counseling and things like that are not helpful I believe that it is very helpful", "if7eV0gL6NY-00691-00436104-00436716": "um even though I haven't thought it personally myself but I I think that true healing can only", "if7eV0gL6NY-00692-00436716-00437339": "be found in Christ in my personal opinion yeah there are a lot of Christians that are listening", "if7eV0gL6NY-00693-00437339-00437988": "to this podcast who have someone in their life at work or a family member a friend who maybe they've", "if7eV0gL6NY-00694-00437988-00438516": "transitioned they think that they're the opposite gender and Christians are trying to navigate okay", "if7eV0gL6NY-00695-00438516-00439182": "how do I speak the truth not compromise on what I know is true but also love them share the gospel", "if7eV0gL6NY-00696-00439182-00439685": "with them and I want to hear your thoughts on that but a specific question that I have is", "if7eV0gL6NY-00697-00439685-00440466": "like the issue of pronouns like it's really hard for Christians when they are being told well if", "if7eV0gL6NY-00698-00440466-00441072": "you don't use someone's proper pronouns you are going to cause them to commit suicide or you're", "if7eV0gL6NY-00699-00441072-00441558": "not being loving but the Christian is thinking okay well the Bible is really clear that God made", "if7eV0gL6NY-00700-00441558-00442152": "us male and female I know that that person God or that God made that person female and I can't lie", "if7eV0gL6NY-00701-00442152-00442608": "and so they're kind of just like caught in this they don't know what to do so as someone who has", "if7eV0gL6NY-00702-00442608-00443202": "been on the other side of that and now is on the other side of it like how would you encourage", "if7eV0gL6NY-00703-00443202-00443604": "Christians how do how do we engage in this in a way that is totally truthful and glorifying", "if7eV0gL6NY-00704-00443604-00444078": "to God but also is compassionate towards the people who consider themselves transgender", "if7eV0gL6NY-00705-00444180-00444954": "yes so I think that the number one thing to remember is that sometimes the truth hurts", "if7eV0gL6NY-00706-00445122-00445547": "um I think you know I I don't think anyone should go out of their way to misgender", "if7eV0gL6NY-00707-00445547-00446412": "someone and be rude you mean like falling a guy who believes that he's a girl like calling him", "if7eV0gL6NY-00708-00446489-00447204": "the man yes so yes I don't know if I could use an another another word for it or or if that", "if7eV0gL6NY-00709-00447204-00447720": "were because it's not necessarily misgendering but um using the preferred pronouns of someone", "if7eV0gL6NY-00710-00447720-00448410": "if it's your if it's against your specific convictions and you know I mean it's hard", "if7eV0gL6NY-00711-00448410-00448968": "to even say because there's only one Holy Spirit there's only one God there's only", "if7eV0gL6NY-00712-00449034-00449435": "um one way but I do think that we can maybe navigate certain situations differently", "if7eV0gL6NY-00713-00449508-00450114": "um what I would recommend like if it's someone uh let's say you know like let's say someone at", "if7eV0gL6NY-00714-00450114-00450804": "work just use whatever name they're they're saying just just use the name as much as you can um but", "if7eV0gL6NY-00715-00450804-00451314": "I think it's most important as Christians for us to stand on truth because it's a bigger problem", "if7eV0gL6NY-00716-00451314-00451812": "than just you know using the preferred pronouns of someone the question is where does it end", "if7eV0gL6NY-00717-00451884-00452489": "first it starts with preferred pronouns and and then what are we legitimizing pedophilia and I'm", "if7eV0gL6NY-00718-00452489-00452916": "not saying that these people are pedophiles anyway I'm not saying the people that are transgender are", "if7eV0gL6NY-00719-00452916-00453672": "pedophiles I want to make that very clear but the moment that we allow and and we accept these", "if7eV0gL6NY-00720-00453672-00454218": "things in our society and we back up as Christians with the values and the personal convictions", "if7eV0gL6NY-00721-00454218-00454866": "that we have it allows room for this now me personally how I would go about the situation", "if7eV0gL6NY-00722-00454997-00455484": "um you know like speaking to someone face to face I would probably avoid using pronouns", "if7eV0gL6NY-00723-00455568-00456228": "um in any way just use the person's name um but if it came down to it and I really felt like God was", "if7eV0gL6NY-00724-00456228-00456828": "telling me you need to tell the truth you need to be honest and you can't just fold on this because", "if7eV0gL6NY-00725-00456828-00457500": "you're afraid you're going to make someone feel bad I I would say it and of course it it's it", "if7eV0gL6NY-00726-00457500-00458112": "is a really hard questions answer and I hope that I'm I'm answering it no it's well um yeah", "if7eV0gL6NY-00727-00458112-00458796": "I guess I would say don't go out of your way to be mean and do it out of like wanting to expose them", "if7eV0gL6NY-00728-00458910-00459593": "um but if it falls down to it don't lie yeah yes well I've had I've had to do that before", "if7eV0gL6NY-00729-00459654-00459996": "um not necessarily I mean so when I first became a Christian you know I", "if7eV0gL6NY-00730-00460068-00460343": "and I haven't encountered that many um transgender people", "if7eV0gL6NY-00731-00460446-00460884": "um you know I would use a person's pronouns but there have been situations where I've I've had", "if7eV0gL6NY-00732-00460884-00461382": "to be like look you know I'm a Christian and I have my own viewpoints on this", "if7eV0gL6NY-00733-00461496-00462318": "um and you know this is that's just how it is and yeah it needs to be it needs to be respected", "if7eV0gL6NY-00734-00462396-00462852": "um and I guess it's more so than a problem with Christians it's an issue with the whole gender", "if7eV0gL6NY-00735-00462852-00463392": "affirming model of care because when you know who you are you don't need affirmation", "if7eV0gL6NY-00736-00463542-00464088": "at the end of the day yeah that's true I think it does speak to kind of like the inner torment", "if7eV0gL6NY-00737-00464088-00464916": "and insecurity about their identity that they are like forcing people even like punitively to", "if7eV0gL6NY-00738-00464970-00465582": "you know use the what they would call like the correct pronouns yeah um tell me a little", "if7eV0gL6NY-00739-00465582-00465984": "bit more about like the work that you're doing the non-profit that you've started", "if7eV0gL6NY-00740-00466092-00466542": "um the different things that you're doing to kind of like push back against like a very harmful", "if7eV0gL6NY-00741-00466542-00467742": "ideology that really used you as prey in a lot of ways yes so um right now uh I'm in the process of", "if7eV0gL6NY-00742-00467742-00468276": "actually um establishing the rainbow Redemption project which is a name that that God gave me", "if7eV0gL6NY-00743-00468347-00469218": "um you know basically the the point is is to it's not even necessarily so focused on the trans issue", "if7eV0gL6NY-00744-00469218-00469920": "but giving people a path towards detransitioning and also helping people who have detransitioned", "if7eV0gL6NY-00745-00469920-00470508": "really to find resources yeah um there's really big issues when it comes to like let's say housing", "if7eV0gL6NY-00746-00470508-00471192": "clothing food like basic life Necessities um speaking to different detransitioners I've", "if7eV0gL6NY-00747-00471192-00471702": "found that a lot of them are in very toxic home environments and it's the same home", "if7eV0gL6NY-00748-00471702-00472193": "environments the toxicity that led them towards transitioning in the first place so something that", "if7eV0gL6NY-00749-00472193-00472824": "I'm very very interested in taking on is a housing project nothing is necessarily in the works yet", "if7eV0gL6NY-00750-00472908-00473285": "um what we're we're really looking to do right now is just establish ourselves", "if7eV0gL6NY-00751-00473358-00473910": "um as a non-profit and gave gain the 501c3 status so that then uh we can start working", "if7eV0gL6NY-00752-00474000-00474497": "um but also I I may start to um in the midst of that because I'm also about to start school", "if7eV0gL6NY-00753-00474576-00475152": "um and in the midst of that um posting YouTube videos and and helpful helpful", "if7eV0gL6NY-00754-00475152-00475722": "guidance and resources and I'm also interested in starting a Bible study with other D transitioners", "if7eV0gL6NY-00755-00475722-00476189": "um because I think that it's it's a really big problem among people who do Transition is that", "if7eV0gL6NY-00756-00476189-00476735": "baby transition and then they have no hope but they've they've had so many negative experiences", "if7eV0gL6NY-00757-00476735-00477204": "with Christians that they're hesitant to even go to a church so I would like to offer offer a", "if7eV0gL6NY-00758-00477204-00477828": "place that it's like it's not a church but it's also a place that you can learn about about God", "if7eV0gL6NY-00759-00477828-00478368": "and you know most importantly what I desire is to help people to establish their own personal", "if7eV0gL6NY-00760-00478368-00479147": "relationship so like they they at least in in this process can learn how to have that that", "if7eV0gL6NY-00761-00479147-00479592": "um what is it that that we say in the scripture uh to be founded on on a rock", "if7eV0gL6NY-00762-00479592-00480035": "right I'm I'm forgetting the exact words but to found themselves on on that rock", "if7eV0gL6NY-00763-00480132-00480785": "um and just navigating like being a new believer it's it's a lot like I've only been saved a year", "if7eV0gL6NY-00764-00480785-00481224": "and thankfully God has helped me a lot through the process but there there's so much information out", "if7eV0gL6NY-00765-00481224-00481812": "there I also want to be able to to help people kind of stem through that but that's that's the", "if7eV0gL6NY-00766-00481866-00482454": "the goal of the rainbow Redemption project that's awesome and can people is there a", "if7eV0gL6NY-00767-00482454-00483138": "website can people find more information about it online yes um we're actually in the process", "if7eV0gL6NY-00768-00483138-00483635": "of of getting our own domain um Ali if you if you could put the the link in the description", "if7eV0gL6NY-00769-00483635-00484320": "because I don't remember exactly um yeah how yeah how it is um but I will be putting the", "if7eV0gL6NY-00770-00484320-00485088": "link in my bio of my Twitter account which is uh Sophie speaks with so Sophie I'm gonna", "if7eV0gL6NY-00771-00485088-00485592": "say Sophie speaks with with two s's after the speaks okay and if you could put that as well", "if7eV0gL6NY-00772-00485592-00486012": "yeah definitely you can find it there and then you have a YouTube channel too and what's that called", "if7eV0gL6NY-00773-00486162-00486672": "I don't have a YouTube channel I lose uh Twitter oh okay gotcha for some reason I thought you said", "if7eV0gL6NY-00774-00486672-00487224": "YouTube videos all right well that is awesome well I really hope everyone checks that out just follow", "if7eV0gL6NY-00775-00487224-00487608": "you on Twitter that sounds like the easiest way to kind of connect with you and to see what you're", "if7eV0gL6NY-00776-00487608-00488214": "working on um I appreciate you so much thank you so much for telling your story praise God God is", "if7eV0gL6NY-00777-00488214-00489089": "the god of redemption I loved hearing the um how he kind of prepared you for hearing and accepting", "if7eV0gL6NY-00778-00489089-00489750": "the gospel he really kind of started like making the soil of your mind ready long before you were", "if7eV0gL6NY-00779-00489750-00490308": "actually presented with the truth of Christ and I love how God does that when God do is doing one", "if7eV0gL6NY-00780-00490308-00490860": "thing he's doing a million things even if we can't see it and I'm just thankful for your testimony", "if7eV0gL6NY-00781-00490860-00491466": "and my prayer and my hope that he uses all of the objectively bad things that you have endured for", "if7eV0gL6NY-00782-00491466-00491988": "good for your good for the good of other people and for his own Glory that is what God does and", "if7eV0gL6NY-00783-00491988-00492564": "I have talked to so many people on this podcast alone who have testimonies like yours whether", "if7eV0gL6NY-00784-00492564-00493247": "it's about transitioning detransitioning or other things that God uses and redeems the darkness for", "if7eV0gL6NY-00785-00493247-00493847": "good and glorifying things I love that about him so thank you for your vulnerability thank you for", "if7eV0gL6NY-00786-00493847-00494442": "your willingness to share for your willingness um for God to use you I just appreciate that so much", "if7eV0gL6NY-00787-00494610-00495078": "thank you so much and I I appreciate your prayers and that's my same desire as well", "if7eV0gL6NY-00788-00495078-00495593": "and my my biggest prayer is to be able to be some sort of Peacemaker between the Christian", "if7eV0gL6NY-00789-00495593-00496200": "Community and uh even broader than the the trans Community the LGBT community and itself and you", "if7eV0gL6NY-00790-00496200-00496685": "know I also pray that you know the message be received in the right way because I know that", "if7eV0gL6NY-00791-00496685-00497184": "um there are people who um are currently transitioning who could see my message is", "if7eV0gL6NY-00792-00497184-00497652": "hateful and I would have seen it in the same way but I would just like those people to know that", "if7eV0gL6NY-00793-00497652-00498438": "there is true freedom in Christ no matter how far um a person is down the transitioning process um", "if7eV0gL6NY-00794-00498438-00498989": "and and thank you thank you so much for having me amen well thank you so much I really appreciate it", "if7eV0gL6NY-00795-00499218-00499374": "foreign"}}, {"audio_id": "ifsAfnREB0g", "text": {}}, {"audio_id": "ifw3kF7TdEE", "text": {"ifw3kF7TdEE-00000-00000080-00000206": "WELCOME TO ALL HANDS UPDATE.", "ifw3kF7TdEE-00001-00000206-00000393": "HERE'S WHAT'S HAPPENING AROUND YOUR NAVY.", "ifw3kF7TdEE-00002-00000447-00000704": "AUTONOMOUS UNMANNED SWARMING BOATS WERE PUT TO", "ifw3kF7TdEE-00003-00000704-00000907": "THE TEST IN A RECENT DEMONSTRATION SHOWING", "ifw3kF7TdEE-00004-00000907-00001167": "RESULTS OF DRAMATIC NEW POSSIBILITIES IN FUTURE", "ifw3kF7TdEE-00005-00001167-00001241": "NAVAL MISSIONS.", "ifw3kF7TdEE-00006-00001304-00001521": "DURING THE DEMO, UNMANNED BOATS PATROLLED A LARGE", "ifw3kF7TdEE-00007-00001521-00001654": "GIVEN AREA OF OPEN WATER.", "ifw3kF7TdEE-00008-00001705-00001895": "WHEN AN UNKNOWN VESSEL ENTERED THE AREA, THE", "ifw3kF7TdEE-00009-00001895-00002082": "GROUP OF SWARMBOATS DETERMINED WHICH PATROL", "ifw3kF7TdEE-00010-00002082-00002302": "BOAT WOULD QUICKLY APPROACH AND CLASSIFY IT", "ifw3kF7TdEE-00011-00002302-00002499": "AS HARMLESS OR SUSPICIOUS.", "ifw3kF7TdEE-00012-00002499-00002716": "THEN, IT COMMUNICATED WITH OTHER SWARMBOATS FOR", "ifw3kF7TdEE-00013-00002716-00002926": "ASSISTANCE IN TRACKING AND TRAILING THE UNKNOWN", "ifw3kF7TdEE-00014-00002926-00003159": "VESSEL WHILE OTHERS CONTINUED TO PATROL THE", "ifw3kF7TdEE-00015-00003159-00003233": "AREA.", "ifw3kF7TdEE-00016-00003269-00003463": "TAKE SOME TIME THIS FITMASTIME TO INVEST IN", "ifw3kF7TdEE-00017-00003463-00003703": "YOUR RELATIONSHIPS WITH FAMILY AND FRIENDS.", "ifw3kF7TdEE-00018-00003743-00003877": "NURTURING YOUR RELATIONSHIPS THROUGH", "ifw3kF7TdEE-00019-00003877-00004070": "ACTIVE LISTENING, STAYING CONNECTED AND", "ifw3kF7TdEE-00020-00004070-00004351": "COMMUNICATING THROUGH THE GOOD AND BAD IS ONE SMALL", "ifw3kF7TdEE-00021-00004351-00004544": "ACT YOU CAN DO TO HELP TAKE THE STRESS OUT OF", "ifw3kF7TdEE-00022-00004544-00004627": "WHAT'S COMING NEXT.", "ifw3kF7TdEE-00023-00004694-00004871": "TO LEARN MORE ABOUT THE TWENTY ONE DAYS OF TOTAL", "ifw3kF7TdEE-00024-00004871-00005068": "SAILOR FITMAS, VISIT THEIR WEBSITE.", "ifw3kF7TdEE-00025-00005115-00005275": "YOU CAN READ MORE ABOUT WHAT'S HAPPENING AROUND", "ifw3kF7TdEE-00026-00005275-00005442": "YOUR NAVY AT NAVY.MIL."}}, {"audio_id": "ifFFiAi3eDI", "text": {"ifFFiAi3eDI-00000-00000019-00000687": "With one click and a few seconds, you've helped me reach the YouTube target.", "ifFFiAi3eDI-00001-00000687-00001287": "I'm humble for the support from foundations and charities.", "ifFFiAi3eDI-00002-00001287-00001875": "Stomanner will donate for you and our community with YouTube monetisation!", "ifFFiAi3eDI-00003-00001875-00002175": "Watch a video or subscribe to Stomanner on YouTube and make every click count. Thank you.", "ifFFiAi3eDI-00004-00002175-00002618": "Stomanner"}}, {"audio_id": "ifGhIzT_6tM", "text": {"ifGhIzT_6tM-00000-00000000-00001085": "They spinn ⟳"}}, {"audio_id": "igCTqEORsxg", "text": {"igCTqEORsxg-00000-00000000-00000050": "Hows Healing  work", "igCTqEORsxg-00001-00000286-00000387": "hea"}}, {"audio_id": "ihhabSCI-io", "text": {"ihhabSCI-io-00000-00000026-00000298": ">> I am letting the kids pick out their 4th of July outfits.", "ihhabSCI-io-00001-00000298-00000490": "I pick out all the stuff my kids hate.", "ihhabSCI-io-00002-00000490-00000558": "Find anything?", "ihhabSCI-io-00003-00000558-00000668": ">> Nope. >> Alright.", "ihhabSCI-io-00004-00000708-00000838": ">> We want to match.", "ihhabSCI-io-00005-00000838-00000934": ">> You do?", "ihhabSCI-io-00006-00000968-00001088": "That surprises me.", "ihhabSCI-io-00007-00001088-00001280": "[Captions by Judy V. at Y Translator] [Music]", "ihhabSCI-io-00008-00001280-00002096": "[Music]", "ihhabSCI-io-00009-00002140-00002382": "Abby, why are you wearing a sweater in June?", "ihhabSCI-io-00010-00002382-00002496": "You're not hot?", "ihhabSCI-io-00011-00002578-00002698": "Are you cold?", "ihhabSCI-io-00012-00002698-00002968": "Maybe it's like a comfort blanket.", "ihhabSCI-io-00013-00002968-00003329": "[Music]", "ihhabSCI-io-00014-00003329-00003520": "Good morning, Passengers.", "ihhabSCI-io-00015-00003520-00003944": "Today, I am letting the kids pick out their 4th of July outfits.", "ihhabSCI-io-00016-00003944-00004292": "So, I am kind of a crazy mom,", "ihhabSCI-io-00017-00004292-00004564": "in that I love my kids to wear red, white and blue.", "ihhabSCI-io-00018-00004564-00004796": "They have been wearing red, white, and blue every year", "ihhabSCI-io-00019-00004796-00005036": "since they were wearing clothes.", "ihhabSCI-io-00020-00005036-00005224": "But, the problem is,", "ihhabSCI-io-00021-00005225-00005511": "the last few years that I've brought clothes home,", "ihhabSCI-io-00022-00005511-00005602": "the kids have hated them.", "ihhabSCI-io-00023-00005602-00005798": "It's been tears and begging,", "ihhabSCI-io-00024-00005830-00005948": "\"Please, just wear it,\"", "ihhabSCI-io-00025-00005948-00006022": "\"Just one day,\"", "ihhabSCI-io-00026-00006022-00006146": "\"Just the 4th of July,\"", "ihhabSCI-io-00027-00006146-00006344": "and I'm not going to do that to my kids this year.", "ihhabSCI-io-00028-00006344-00006717": "You guys are all going to pick what you're going to wear", "ihhabSCI-io-00029-00006718-00006864": "for the 4th of July, okay?", "ihhabSCI-io-00030-00006948-00007138": "Okay, ready, set, go!", "ihhabSCI-io-00031-00007204-00007298": "Oh, okay.", "ihhabSCI-io-00032-00007298-00007418": "Should we all stick together?", "ihhabSCI-io-00033-00007518-00007680": "Oh, yes.", "ihhabSCI-io-00034-00007762-00007878": "The payment.", "ihhabSCI-io-00035-00007878-00008144": "It's my treat today, my treat.", "ihhabSCI-io-00036-00008144-00008690": "[Music]", "ihhabSCI-io-00037-00008698-00008830": "I'm gonna hold my tongue,", "ihhabSCI-io-00038-00008830-00009096": "and let the kids pick whatever they want.", "ihhabSCI-io-00039-00009096-00009408": "So it'll be interesting to see what they come up with.", "ihhabSCI-io-00040-00009408-00009600": "I love this.", "ihhabSCI-io-00041-00009824-00010098": "I just so wanna be like, Shari, do you like this?", "ihhabSCI-io-00042-00010098-00010216": "Oh, she heard me.", "ihhabSCI-io-00043-00010336-00010518": "No, she does not like this.", "ihhabSCI-io-00044-00010518-00010656": "Look how cute.", "ihhabSCI-io-00045-00010734-00010918": "I pick out all the stuff my kids hate.", "ihhabSCI-io-00046-00010918-00011004": "Find anything?", "ihhabSCI-io-00047-00011004-00011098": ">> Nope. >> Alright.", "ihhabSCI-io-00048-00011254-00011446": ">> Julie... >> Nothing here's my size.", "ihhabSCI-io-00049-00011446-00011540": ">> That's right.", "ihhabSCI-io-00050-00011540-00011616": ">> Mom. >> Yeah.", "ihhabSCI-io-00051-00011616-00011824": ">> Where's the boy aisle?", "ihhabSCI-io-00052-00011824-00011982": ">> Well, this is a girl store,", "ihhabSCI-io-00053-00011982-00012242": "but we will find an aisle that has boy stuff in it", "ihhabSCI-io-00054-00012242-00012342": "in a different store.", "ihhabSCI-io-00055-00012444-00012666": "Diamonds on a shirt.", "ihhabSCI-io-00056-00012784-00012918": "Wow.", "ihhabSCI-io-00057-00012946-00013728": "[Music]", "ihhabSCI-io-00058-00013790-00013996": ">> I hate shopping, so much.", "ihhabSCI-io-00059-00013996-00014506": "[Music]", "ihhabSCI-io-00060-00014506-00014668": ">> She's embarrassing me.", "ihhabSCI-io-00061-00014668-00014930": "[Music]", "ihhabSCI-io-00062-00014930-00015180": ">> Store number two is a fail.", "ihhabSCI-io-00063-00015269-00015491": "Moving on to the third store.", "ihhabSCI-io-00064-00015491-00015638": ">> [inaudible] store.", "ihhabSCI-io-00065-00015638-00015813": ">> Shari likes the store.", "ihhabSCI-io-00066-00015856-00016080": "You've had a lot of clothes from this store.", "ihhabSCI-io-00067-00016212-00016360": "There could be some cute stuff in here.", "ihhabSCI-io-00068-00016360-00016590": "Those red shorts are darling,", "ihhabSCI-io-00069-00016652-00016808": "very cute.", "ihhabSCI-io-00070-00016870-00017140": "It just doesn't come in your size, unfortunately.", "ihhabSCI-io-00071-00017212-00017540": "All of these stores are just a little too big for you.", "ihhabSCI-io-00072-00017540-00017730": "[Music]", "ihhabSCI-io-00073-00017730-00017904": ">> Number three failed.", "ihhabSCI-io-00074-00018090-00018326": ">> How do you know that's what I was gonna say?", "ihhabSCI-io-00075-00018394-00018486": "That's funny.", "ihhabSCI-io-00076-00018486-00018652": "He's got this vlogging thing down.", "ihhabSCI-io-00077-00018652-00018844": "So we're gonna give Shari a break.", "ihhabSCI-io-00078-00018845-00018963": "I'm remembering now,", "ihhabSCI-io-00079-00018963-00019117": "when I used to bring them to the stores,", "ihhabSCI-io-00080-00019117-00019336": "they would never find anything they liked,", "ihhabSCI-io-00081-00019378-00019514": "so we'd go home empty-handed.", "ihhabSCI-io-00082-00019514-00019804": "So, I just started shopping online and buying stuff,", "ihhabSCI-io-00083-00019804-00020066": "and this is why Eve has more clothes than anybody.", "ihhabSCI-io-00084-00020066-00020264": "She always finds something.", "ihhabSCI-io-00085-00020292-00020464": "Wrong store, this one.", "ihhabSCI-io-00086-00020464-00020628": "No, wrong store.", "ihhabSCI-io-00087-00020628-00020826": "We are not building a bear today.", "ihhabSCI-io-00088-00020826-00021156": "Oh Russell, this is perfect.", "ihhabSCI-io-00089-00021156-00021252": ">> Is that his size?", "ihhabSCI-io-00090-00021290-00021366": ">> This is so cute.", "ihhabSCI-io-00091-00021366-00021592": "Okay, so, are you a, you're a five, six?", "ihhabSCI-io-00092-00021592-00021690": "Let me hold it up to you.", "ihhabSCI-io-00093-00021852-00021984": "Yes.", "ihhabSCI-io-00094-00022144-00022298": "That's really cute too.", "ihhabSCI-io-00095-00022298-00022422": "That is pretty.", "ihhabSCI-io-00096-00022462-00022540": ">> I want it.", "ihhabSCI-io-00097-00022594-00022820": ">> Well, wow, not with that attitude.", "ihhabSCI-io-00098-00022820-00022926": "Let's keep looking,", "ihhabSCI-io-00099-00022926-00023178": "and did you see what's on the other side of the rack?", "ihhabSCI-io-00100-00023178-00023372": ">> Mom, I like this dress.", "ihhabSCI-io-00101-00023372-00023572": ">> Okay, that's a much nicer way to say it then.", "ihhabSCI-io-00102-00023572-00024110": "[Music]", "ihhabSCI-io-00103-00024110-00024214": "Holy cow!", "ihhabSCI-io-00104-00024214-00024378": "That was a good price.", "ihhabSCI-io-00105-00024406-00024510": ">> What was it?", "ihhabSCI-io-00106-00024634-00024981": ">> One of the perks to waiting until like two days before", "ihhabSCI-io-00107-00024981-00025081": "the 4th of July", "ihhabSCI-io-00108-00025082-00025242": "is everything's on sale.", "ihhabSCI-io-00109-00025242-00025440": "10 bucks for that dress.", "ihhabSCI-io-00110-00025538-00025739": "Okay, Evie, here's your...", "ihhabSCI-io-00111-00025739-00025910": ">> Did Russell get his shirt? >> Here's your", "ihhabSCI-io-00112-00025910-00025998": ">> purse.", "ihhabSCI-io-00113-00026064-00026218": "Now we're hoping H&M has something.", "ihhabSCI-io-00114-00026276-00026338": "Let's go.", "ihhabSCI-io-00115-00026338-00026424": ">> It's just us three now.", "ihhabSCI-io-00116-00026424-00026574": "Yep, just the older girl.", "ihhabSCI-io-00117-00026574-00026742": "Did you find something you liked?", "ihhabSCI-io-00118-00026760-00026866": "Alright, let's keep going.", "ihhabSCI-io-00119-00026866-00027106": ">> And that, when we walked in, that was the dress that I showed her.", "ihhabSCI-io-00120-00027106-00027226": "I was like, \"Hey, this is cute.\"", "ihhabSCI-io-00121-00027226-00027360": "she's like  \"No, I don't like it.\"", "ihhabSCI-io-00122-00027470-00027816": ">> Once she realizes she was too picky, she's gonna walk out empty-handed,", "ihhabSCI-io-00123-00027845-00027977": "she changed her tune.", "ihhabSCI-io-00124-00027977-00028204": "I remember going to the mall with my mom,", "ihhabSCI-io-00125-00028204-00028433": "and she picked out something that really was cute,", "ihhabSCI-io-00126-00028433-00028602": "but I was being just,", "ihhabSCI-io-00127-00028602-00028798": "I was copping an attitude with her,", "ihhabSCI-io-00128-00028798-00029010": "and she's like, \"Oh, okay well let's just go home.\"", "ihhabSCI-io-00129-00029048-00029120": "I was like,", "ihhabSCI-io-00130-00029120-00029433": "\"But what about that outfit that you just said was cute?\"", "ihhabSCI-io-00131-00029433-00029618": "She was like, \"Okay, let's go,\"", "ihhabSCI-io-00132-00029618-00029780": "and we left,", "ihhabSCI-io-00133-00029780-00030064": "and I was like, \"Oh, I wanted that outfit though,\"", "ihhabSCI-io-00134-00030064-00030114": "and she's like,", "ihhabSCI-io-00135-00030114-00030459": "\"Really? Because you didn't act  like you really appreciated it that much,\"", "ihhabSCI-io-00136-00030460-00030530": "and from then on,", "ihhabSCI-io-00137-00030530-00030952": "I was like I will change my attitude when I go shopping.", "ihhabSCI-io-00138-00031000-00031142": "I will be happy.", "ihhabSCI-io-00139-00031142-00031444": "[Music]", "ihhabSCI-io-00140-00031444-00031564": ">> We want to match.", "ihhabSCI-io-00141-00031612-00031698": ">> You do?", "ihhabSCI-io-00142-00031736-00031876": "That surprises me.", "ihhabSCI-io-00143-00031945-00032130": "No unicorns today.", "ihhabSCI-io-00144-00032130-00032327": "You already picked yours out, Eve.", "ihhabSCI-io-00145-00032356-00032463": "But the girls found something.", "ihhabSCI-io-00146-00032464-00032616": "Do you guys like those?", "ihhabSCI-io-00147-00032708-00032842": "Those are cute.", "ihhabSCI-io-00148-00032842-00033526": "[Music]", "ihhabSCI-io-00149-00033526-00033712": "Oh, that's beautiful.", "ihhabSCI-io-00150-00033712-00034182": "[Music]", "ihhabSCI-io-00151-00034182-00034413": ">> Girls, those are so cute.", "ihhabSCI-io-00152-00034472-00034576": "Do you love them?", "ihhabSCI-io-00153-00034576-00034728": ">> Yeah. >> Okay.", "ihhabSCI-io-00154-00034772-00035226": "So when are you girls gonna outgrow using one dressing room?", "ihhabSCI-io-00155-00035226-00035352": ">> Never.", "ihhabSCI-io-00156-00035476-00035688": ">> Hey, let me see.", "ihhabSCI-io-00157-00035688-00035840": "You look so handsome.", "ihhabSCI-io-00158-00035840-00036028": "The kids are getting dressed in here,", "ihhabSCI-io-00159-00036028-00036222": "even though we bought the stuff another store.", "ihhabSCI-io-00160-00036290-00036418": "That is cute.", "ihhabSCI-io-00161-00036516-00036582": "You don't love it?", "ihhabSCI-io-00162-00036586-00036636": ">> No.", "ihhabSCI-io-00163-00036644-00036738": ">> Okay, then don't get it.", "ihhabSCI-io-00164-00036738-00036805": "We'll go look.", "ihhabSCI-io-00165-00036806-00037002": ">> Well everyone else got their clothes.", "ihhabSCI-io-00166-00037002-00037322": ">> This looks really similar to a dress you already have anyway.", "ihhabSCI-io-00167-00037494-00037656": "We'll find something.", "ihhabSCI-io-00168-00037656-00038274": "[Music]", "ihhabSCI-io-00169-00038274-00038500": "And there's was one left.", "ihhabSCI-io-00170-00038500-00038734": "Let's go try a few other stores.", "ihhabSCI-io-00171-00038870-00039054": "I have not given up hope yet.", "ihhabSCI-io-00172-00039100-00039300": "You should not give up hope yet.", "ihhabSCI-io-00173-00039300-00039520": "We will find something.", "ihhabSCI-io-00174-00039646-00040570": "[Music]", "ihhabSCI-io-00175-00040570-00040728": ">> So cute.", "ihhabSCI-io-00176-00040906-00041194": ">> Oh, you guys are gonna have these forever.", "ihhabSCI-io-00177-00041194-00041286": ">> Yes.", "ihhabSCI-io-00178-00041292-00041350": ">> And look.", "ihhabSCI-io-00179-00041350-00041556": "This is what we wear for Halloween last year.", "ihhabSCI-io-00180-00041590-00041786": ">> You were peanut butter and jelly.", "ihhabSCI-io-00181-00041786-00041930": ">> And the we put [inaudible] together.", "ihhabSCI-io-00182-00041930-00042072": "We were trying to make it funny.", "ihhabSCI-io-00183-00042072-00042122": ">> Okay.", "ihhabSCI-io-00184-00042250-00042590": ">> I have finally found a downside to wearing a jumper.", "ihhabSCI-io-00185-00042794-00043164": "It's not easy to go to the bathroom.", "ihhabSCI-io-00186-00043374-00043615": "I'm not looking forward to going and using the bathroom.", "ihhabSCI-io-00187-00043616-00043824": "I have to like take the whole thing off.", "ihhabSCI-io-00188-00043824-00044180": "Shari found nothing at the store.", "ihhabSCI-io-00189-00044180-00044718": "We are going to end our day by going to a movie,", "ihhabSCI-io-00190-00044776-00044934": "The Incredibles.", "ihhabSCI-io-00191-00044934-00045096": "Is it The Incredibles 2?", "ihhabSCI-io-00192-00045166-00045304": "The Incredibles 2.", "ihhabSCI-io-00193-00045370-00045674": "If there was a family, like an animated family,", "ihhabSCI-io-00194-00045674-00046052": "that I would like jump into the screen and be,", "ihhabSCI-io-00195-00046074-00046214": "it would be The Incredibles.", "ihhabSCI-io-00196-00046330-00046450": "They're amazing.", "ihhabSCI-io-00197-00046450-00046642": ">> I got you something.", "ihhabSCI-io-00198-00046642-00046841": ">> Eve was throwing a fit at the mall", "ihhabSCI-io-00199-00046842-00047119": "because she found a pair of black high heels", "ihhabSCI-io-00200-00047194-00047404": "that had a diamond on them,", "ihhabSCI-io-00201-00047404-00047556": "and she really wanted them,", "ihhabSCI-io-00202-00047594-00047834": "and she threw a fit.", "ihhabSCI-io-00203-00047922-00048186": "If you throw a fit, I can't take you to the movie,", "ihhabSCI-io-00204-00048274-00048476": "and she was just kind of quiet for a while,", "ihhabSCI-io-00205-00048516-00048766": "and then you came up to me as we got closer to the theater,", "ihhabSCI-io-00206-00048766-00048860": "and what did you say?", "ihhabSCI-io-00207-00048860-00049040": ">> That was really fun,", "ihhabSCI-io-00208-00049104-00049302": "even without the shoes.", "ihhabSCI-io-00209-00049308-00049462": ">> That was really fun, Mom.", "ihhabSCI-io-00210-00049462-00049638": "Even without shoes.", "ihhabSCI-io-00211-00049730-00049870": "I would say that's a win.", "ihhabSCI-io-00212-00049926-00050024": "Good job.", "ihhabSCI-io-00213-00050024-00051224": "[Music]", "ihhabSCI-io-00214-00051224-00051478": ">> Have you guys seen The Incredibles yet?", "ihhabSCI-io-00215-00051478-00051636": ">> What did you think of the movie?", "ihhabSCI-io-00216-00051636-00051717": ">> It was so good.", "ihhabSCI-io-00217-00051717-00051822": ">> It was so funny.", "ihhabSCI-io-00218-00051822-00051946": ">> It was awesome.", "ihhabSCI-io-00219-00051946-00052270": ">> I felt like, so many times during the movie,", "ihhabSCI-io-00220-00052271-00052480": "I'm like, they tap into something.", "ihhabSCI-io-00221-00052480-00052608": "I'm like... >> Where's Russell?", "ihhabSCI-io-00222-00052608-00052738": ">> He's right there.", "ihhabSCI-io-00223-00052738-00053076": "I'm like, I feel like we're The Incredibles,", "ihhabSCI-io-00224-00053098-00053417": "fighting evil, one video at a time,", "ihhabSCI-io-00225-00053417-00053538": "and then at the end of the movie", "ihhabSCI-io-00226-00053538-00053994": "where she talks about if it wasn't for your core values,", "ihhabSCI-io-00227-00053994-00054190": "we could have really gotten along.", "ihhabSCI-io-00228-00054214-00054438": "She's like, my core values are everything,", "ihhabSCI-io-00229-00054438-00054502": "I'm like...", "ihhabSCI-io-00230-00054629-00054786": "At least, I have core values,", "ihhabSCI-io-00231-00054787-00055304": "and I love the movie because it's obvious that raising a family", "ihhabSCI-io-00232-00055304-00055636": "takes more super powers than defeating evil in the world.", "ihhabSCI-io-00233-00055636-00055790": "Look at, Shari is so embarrassed.", "ihhabSCI-io-00234-00055790-00056022": ">> Just enjoy it for the entertainment, man.", "ihhabSCI-io-00235-00056022-00056160": "You look too deep into it.", "ihhabSCI-io-00236-00056160-00056408": ">> I was entertained for sure. >> Oh my gosh.", "ihhabSCI-io-00237-00056408-00056678": "Chad did not come with us because he fell asleep,", "ihhabSCI-io-00238-00056678-00056866": "and he's been taking a lot of naps.", "ihhabSCI-io-00239-00056866-00057312": "It's kind of funny how you revert back to some of your child habits,", "ihhabSCI-io-00240-00057312-00057528": "and napping is one of them.", "ihhabSCI-io-00241-00057528-00057655": "He napped all day,", "ihhabSCI-io-00242-00057655-00057752": "and I just called him,", "ihhabSCI-io-00243-00057752-00058041": "Chad's like, \"Mom, you're gonna wake everybody up in the house.", "ihhabSCI-io-00244-00058041-00058138": "Why are you calling?\"", "ihhabSCI-io-00245-00058138-00058386": "and I was like, \"Chad, you're the only one sleeping.", "ihhabSCI-io-00246-00058452-00058570": "You're the only one at the house.\"", "ihhabSCI-io-00247-00058570-00058694": "\"What are you talking about Mom?", "ihhabSCI-io-00248-00058810-00058924": "I just woke up.\"", "ihhabSCI-io-00249-00058924-00059094": "I said, \"Yeah. I know you just woke up.\"", "ihhabSCI-io-00250-00059158-00059267": "He's like, I got up.", "ihhabSCI-io-00251-00059269-00059440": "I looked at the clock, it's 6 o'clock.", "ihhabSCI-io-00252-00059440-00059585": "It was 6 o'clock right now,", "ihhabSCI-io-00253-00059585-00059676": "it's almost 7.", "ihhabSCI-io-00254-00059676-00059812": "He's like, and i just...", "ihhabSCI-io-00255-00059812-00060120": "I said, \"What? You went downstairs and started watching cartoons?\"", "ihhabSCI-io-00256-00060120-00060262": "He's like, Yeah.", "ihhabSCI-io-00257-00060360-00060591": "I said, \"Chad, it's not 7 in the morning,", "ihhabSCI-io-00258-00060667-00060814": "it's 7 at night.\"", "ihhabSCI-io-00259-00060814-00061046": "So for a whole hour, he thought it was 6 in the morning,", "ihhabSCI-io-00260-00061046-00061105": "and it wasn't.", "ihhabSCI-io-00261-00061105-00061255": "It was 6 in the evening.", "ihhabSCI-io-00262-00061255-00061394": "So we're gonna go get Chad,", "ihhabSCI-io-00263-00061394-00061484": "and we're gonna go out to dinner.", "ihhabSCI-io-00264-00061484-00061596": "Where would you guys like to go?", "ihhabSCI-io-00265-00061596-00061684": "Costa Vida?", "ihhabSCI-io-00266-00061684-00061891": "I know he, he loves Costa Vida.", "ihhabSCI-io-00267-00061891-00062055": ">> I, yes I do.", "ihhabSCI-io-00268-00062055-00062750": ">> Okay you guys, go fight evil in the world one core value at a time?", "ihhabSCI-io-00269-00062828-00062940": "We'll see you next time.", "ihhabSCI-io-00270-00062940-00062990": "Bye.", "ihhabSCI-io-00271-00062990-00063784": "[Music]"}}, {"audio_id": "ihSv9tgFN9k", "text": {"ihSv9tgFN9k-00000-00000019-00000095": "All right Rob,", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00001-00000095-00000295": "what do you want to share  with the world?", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00002-00000295-00000573": "Well, for the last decade I have been", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00003-00000573-00000958": "on a mission to break free from Big AG,", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00004-00000958-00001203": "to never have to go to the grocery store", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00005-00001203-00001362": "or a restaurant again.", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00006-00001362-00001661": "That is where this next big journey began.", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00007-00001661-00001967": "For 1 month, I decided that I was going to", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00008-00001967-00002231": "forage 100 percent of my food.", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00009-00002231-00002618": "Food that I harvested from the fruits of the Earth", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00010-00002618-00002935": "in a way where I was able to reconnect with the plants", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00011-00002935-00003227": "while living in harmony with the Earth.", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00012-00003227-00003498": "This is the story of the last month.", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00013-00003498-00003725": "I am elated for you to be here", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00014-00003725-00003827": "to share it with you.", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00015-00003982-00004139": "Rob Greenfield's", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00016-00004139-00004441": "Month of Foraging", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00017-00004538-00005965": "[Acoustic music]", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00018-00006264-00006417": "A lot of people have said to me", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00019-00006417-00006568": "\"Rob, all the food we need", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00020-00006568-00006723": "is already in the grocery store.", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00021-00006723-00006982": "Why would you even go to", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00022-00006982-00007215": "these extreme measures to do this?\"", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00023-00007215-00007429": "My answer is very simple.", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00024-00007429-00007713": "The global industrial food system", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00025-00007713-00007938": "that we depend on for our food,", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00026-00007938-00008275": "it is a destructive food system.", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00027-00008275-00008571": "It is one where every single bite that we take,", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00028-00008571-00008873": "we are taking a bite out of the planet.", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00029-00008873-00009026": "I have a desire to live", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00030-00009026-00009240": "deeply connected with this Earth.", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00031-00009240-00009650": "For me, I find that connection through foraging.", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00032-00009650-00009818": "But this is not just about me.", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00033-00009818-00010046": "I want to help others reconnect with the Earth.", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00034-00010046-00010233": "By embarking on this,", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00035-00010233-00010508": "honestly, sort of extreme project,", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00036-00010508-00010793": "the idea is to take you along on this adventure", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00037-00010793-00010971": "and ask these questions,", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00038-00010971-00011225": "go deeper into our food.", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00039-00011225-00011339": "When I say food", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00040-00011339-00011531": "I am also talking about my medicine.", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00041-00011531-00011732": "Our food is our medicine.", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00042-00011732-00011932": "So that means no pharmaceuticals,", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00043-00011932-00012071": "no pharmacies.", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00044-00012071-00012344": "Breaking free from that as well,", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00045-00012344-00012526": "and finding all of my medicine", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00046-00012526-00012803": "growing on the Earth as well.", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00047-00012803-00012889": "Believe it or not,", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00048-00012889-00013052": "the preparation for this journey", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00049-00013052-00013396": "only began 9 days before the month.", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00050-00013396-00013660": "I arrived in my homeland", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00051-00013660-00013804": "of the state of Wisconsin.", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00052-00013804-00014071": "I started there with no food.", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00053-00014195-00014403": "As much as I was excited about the fun,", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00054-00014403-00014589": "I had a lot of work to do.", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00055-00014589-00014796": "I had to harvest my calories,", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00056-00014796-00015036": "my fat, my protein, my nutrients,", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00057-00015036-00015272": "salt, herbs, spices.", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00058-00015272-00015529": "I had just 9 days", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00059-00015529-00015699": "before I was about to have to eat", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00060-00015699-00015887": "a hundred percent from the land.", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00061-00015887-00016080": "My work was cut out for me.", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00062-00016080-00016236": "Over those first 9 days", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00063-00016236-00016441": "and over the entire month,", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00064-00016441-00016629": "I harvested about a hundred", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00065-00016629-00016862": "different foods from the land", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00066-00016862-00017109": "so my diet was diverse.", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00067-00017109-00017436": "Diversity is absolutely, in my opinion,", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00068-00017436-00017703": "the key to meeting our basic needs", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00069-00017703-00018009": "to having a truly healthy and vibrant  diet.", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00070-00018009-00018256": "My focus was to choose the plants that are", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00071-00018324-00018484": "abundantly growing", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00072-00018484-00018737": "that are growing in large quantities", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00073-00018737-00019051": "and that can meet my basic needs.", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00074-00019051-00019359": "Number 1 for me was wild rice.", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00075-00019359-00019630": "This was my absolute go-to.", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00076-00019630-00019809": "It is called monomen,", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00077-00019809-00019948": "the food that grows on water,", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00078-00019948-00020036": "the good berry.", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00079-00020036-00020368": "In 1 day, I was able to harvest  30 pounds of it.", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00080-00020406-00020636": "Manomen is an important traditional food", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00081-00020636-00020801": "of the Anishinabe people,", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00082-00020801-00020966": "who are the original stewards", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00083-00020966-00021130": "of the Great Lakes region", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00084-00021130-00021238": "where I am from.", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00085-00021238-00021555": "It is one of the most calorically dense foods that exists.", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00086-00021555-00021858": "It is also one of the most special foods that exists.", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00087-00021858-00022350": "I harvested apples, pears, and plums.", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00088-00022350-00022638": "With them, I made really filling", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00089-00022638-00022925": "and nourishing applesauce and fruit  sauces.", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00090-00022925-00023157": "I harvested a lot of high vitamin fruits", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00091-00023157-00023365": "like aronia berry, cherries,", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00092-00023365-00023538": "autumn berries, and grapes.", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00093-00023538-00023780": "I turned a lot of them into fruit juices.", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00094-00023780-00024064": "At the heart of my diet was greens", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00095-00024064-00024326": "packed full of nutrients, like watercress", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00096-00024326-00024518": "from the springs where I got my water;", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00097-00024518-00024741": "weeds like dandelion, plantago,", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00098-00024741-00025020": "and lamb's quarter from parks and  front yards;", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00099-00025020-00025238": "and stinging nettle from farm fields,", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00100-00025238-00025378": "just to name a few.", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00101-00025378-00025646": "I harvested medicinal herbs for teas", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00102-00025646-00026063": "like bee balm, catnip, mint, goldenrod,", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00103-00026063-00026383": "mugwort, and so much more.", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00104-00026383-00026564": "I harvested plants that would add", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00105-00026564-00026741": "a lot of flavor to my meal", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00106-00026741-00027113": "like wild onion, wild leeks, and mustard.", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00107-00027158-00027526": "I harvested both edible and medicinal mushrooms", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00108-00027526-00027789": "like puffballs and maitaki", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00109-00027789-00027924": "and chicken of the woods;", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00110-00027924-00028226": "and medicinals like turkey tail and  reishi.", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00111-00028281-00028558": "I harvested deer that were hit by cars", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00112-00028558-00028864": "this was one of my main sources of protein", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00113-00028864-00029073": "in a way that I could harvest meat", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00114-00029073-00029298": "that I felt truly good about.", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00115-00029298-00029554": "I harvested nuts like hickory nuts", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00116-00029554-00029714": "for making nut milk,", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00117-00029714-00029914": "and black walnuts and butternut", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00118-00029914-00030093": "for eating straight from the shell.", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00119-00030093-00030302": "I harvested new things", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00120-00030302-00030467": "and some things you have probably", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00121-00030467-00030568": "never heard of eating", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00122-00030568-00030768": "like stinky ginkgo fruits", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00123-00030768-00030927": "and roasting up their nuts.", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00124-00030927-00031229": "I pressure canned the fish that I caught", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00125-00031229-00031555": "which actually softened up the cartilage", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00126-00031555-00031951": "and the bones to be able to eat the entire body.", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00127-00032025-00032363": "I even harvested all of my own water.", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00128-00032363-00032693": "No tap water, no chlorine,", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00129-00032693-00032861": "or fluoride, or other chemicals.", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00130-00032861-00033184": "All of my water came from beautiful  springs.", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00131-00033184-00033434": "I found most of these using a website.", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00132-00033434-00033603": "findaspring.com", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00133-00033603-00033954": "There was a very common misperception", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00134-00033954-00034234": "of me just being out every day,", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00135-00034234-00034434": "nibbling off the trees,", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00136-00034434-00034567": "eating off the ground,", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00137-00034567-00034698": "and having to forage", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00138-00034698-00034928": "everything that I would need for that day,", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00139-00034928-00035146": "but that is not how it works.", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00140-00035146-00035359": "If you want to be able to", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00141-00035359-00035481": "live off the land,", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00142-00035481-00035697": "the key is storing your food.", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00143-00035697-00035906": "So my main means of storage", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00144-00035906-00036048": "were dehydration.", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00145-00036048-00036204": "This was done both by", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00146-00036204-00036368": "dehydrating with the sun,", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00147-00036368-00036579": "the free energy of the earth,", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00148-00036579-00036676": "I am talking about.", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00149-00036676-00036972": "I also carried an electric dehydrator  with me.", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00150-00036972-00037366": "Things like wild rice, nuts, and seeds,", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00151-00037366-00037628": "a lot of these can be stored just at room temperature.", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00152-00037628-00037911": "And then of course, there is your cold  storage", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00153-00037911-00038136": "your freezer, or your refrigerator.", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00154-00038136-00038381": "I carried a cooler with me.", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00155-00038381-00038582": "As I traveled to different places", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00156-00038582-00038830": "I often use the fridge or the freezer", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00157-00038830-00038989": "of where I was staying.", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00158-00038989-00039231": "Next, equally important", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00159-00039231-00039360": "was pressure canning.", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00160-00039360-00039589": "This is how I stored my venison and my  fish", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00161-00039589-00039795": "so that I had this readily available", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00162-00039795-00039922": "for me everyday.", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00163-00039922-00040264": "If I had to summarize the whole experience", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00164-00040264-00040406": "in just one sentence,", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00165-00040406-00040835": "it is \"Food is growing everywhere.\"", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00166-00040835-00040957": "The most challenging part", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00167-00040957-00041107": "was not finding the food.", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00168-00041107-00041271": "The most challenging part was just", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00169-00041271-00041558": "having the time to harvest all of the  food.", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00170-00041558-00041822": "Even more so, to process it.", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00171-00041967-00042066": "People often ask me,", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00172-00042066-00042219": "how many hours per week", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00173-00042219-00042513": "does it take to forage all of your food?", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00174-00042513-00042717": "I do not have a clear answer to that.", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00175-00042717-00043017": "Because again, the key is storing that  bounty.", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00176-00043115-00043322": "Some days it was zero.", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00177-00043322-00043503": "Some days I was just able to sit back", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00178-00043503-00043685": "and eat what I had harvested.", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00179-00043685-00043957": "Some days it was morning until night", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00180-00043957-00044431": "foraging, processing, preserving.", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00181-00044431-00044582": "And at the end of the day", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00182-00044582-00044792": "I was completely exhausted.", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00183-00044792-00045017": "Now when I say food is growing everywhere,", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00184-00045017-00045147": "I really mean it.", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00185-00045147-00045304": "It is growing in", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00186-00045304-00045559": "what we consider to be the wild or nature.", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00187-00045559-00045806": "It is growing in our front yards.", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00188-00045806-00045957": "It is growing in our backyards.", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00189-00045957-00046124": "It is growing in our city parks.", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00190-00046124-00046287": "It is growing along the sidewalks.", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00191-00046287-00046535": "It is growing out of the sidewalks.", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00192-00046535-00046907": "It is growing in very large populated cities.", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00193-00046907-00047114": "It is growing in the rural areas,", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00194-00047114-00047217": "the small towns.", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00195-00047217-00047381": "It really is growing everywhere.", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00196-00047381-00047641": "I harvested it from all of these places,", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00197-00047641-00047841": "except the interstate.", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00198-00047841-00048176": "I do not harvest my food from the interstate.", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00199-00048291-00048456": "Except maybe an occasional deer.", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00200-00048535-00048694": "When I set out on this journey", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00201-00048694-00048853": "I did not set out to prove", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00202-00048853-00049192": "that this is a diet that is best for the  world,", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00203-00049192-00049360": "or even best for me.", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00204-00049360-00049632": "So that is a reasonable question.", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00205-00049632-00049889": "Was I able to meet all of my needs?", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00206-00049889-00050306": "The answer is \"yes...\"", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00207-00050306-00050568": "but maybe not \"Yes!\"", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00208-00050568-00050948": "So calories, no problem.", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00209-00050948-00051192": "I was absolutely able to get enough calories.", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00210-00051192-00051497": "The vitamins and the minerals;", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00211-00051497-00051729": "I absolutely feel like that was there.", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00212-00051729-00051957": "The protein absolutely was there.", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00213-00051957-00052218": "But where I lacked was fat.", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00214-00052218-00052478": "I was not able to get enough fat.", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00215-00052478-00052836": "This fat it creates the caloric density", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00216-00052836-00053079": "to have really filling meals.", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00217-00053079-00053422": "So, because.... I had enough food.", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00218-00053422-00053722": "It was just hard to eat enough.", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00219-00053722-00053879": "I did lose some weight.", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00220-00053879-00054309": "Over the month, I lost about 5 pounds.", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00221-00054309-00054494": "If you think about it", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00222-00054494-00054720": "that is about what you would expect.", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00223-00054720-00055054": "No ice cream, no junk food,", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00224-00055054-00055272": "no alcoholic beverages.", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00225-00055272-00055547": "I myself am a fan of eating", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00226-00055547-00055816": "relatively the same meals", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00227-00055816-00055970": "day after day after day.", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00228-00055970-00056519": "I will say that I struggled with flavor.", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00229-00056519-00056741": "That really changed on day 19", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00230-00056741-00056907": "when I harvested my salt.", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00231-00056907-00057135": "All of a sudden I tasted", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00232-00057135-00057355": "all these flavors inside of the pot", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00233-00057355-00057580": "that were there the whole time,", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00234-00057580-00057924": "but I just could not taste them.", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00235-00057924-00058188": "The salt just absolutely brought it out.", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00236-00058188-00058418": "Then, day 27 is when I made some", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00237-00058418-00058523": "hickory nut oil.", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00238-00058523-00058823": "You add that oil and that salt, the herbs,", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00239-00058823-00059057": "and the spices to the wild rice,", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00240-00059057-00059251": "and the venison, and the fish broth,", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00241-00059251-00059487": "and then it was hard not to say,", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00242-00059487-00059720": "\"Oh my gosh!\" with every single bite.", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00243-00059890-00060073": "By day 27 I really had", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00244-00060073-00060292": "that truly complete meal.", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00245-00060292-00060454": "I have to say,", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00246-00060454-00060555": "that is exciting!", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00247-00060555-00060829": "Because with just 9 days of preparation,", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00248-00060829-00061071": "and then just a few weeks into it,", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00249-00061071-00061445": "I was able to meet all of my needs", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00250-00061445-00061877": "in a truly nourishing, delicious, joyous way.", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00251-00061961-00062213": "I know some people see me and they say,", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00252-00062213-00062430": "\"Oh look at this white guy", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00253-00062430-00062677": "running around forging all of his food.", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00254-00062677-00062870": "Not very important.\"", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00255-00062870-00063123": "I completely understand that", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00256-00063123-00063322": "in the world that we live in today", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00257-00063322-00063565": "and all of the challenges that we are dealing with.", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00258-00063565-00063749": "I really want to share again", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00259-00063749-00063913": "that I do have a lot of privilege", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00260-00063913-00064212": "and that includes the amount of time,", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00261-00064212-00064456": "resources, energy that I have", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00262-00064456-00064716": "to be able to do something like this.", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00263-00064716-00064924": "The reality is that I would not", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00264-00064924-00065145": "be doing this unless there was a much", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00265-00065145-00065469": "bigger picture behind this", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00266-00065584-00065722": "whole immersion.", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00267-00065722-00065839": "What it is really about", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00268-00065917-00066124": "is it is about reconnecting with Earth.", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00269-00066124-00066477": "As I was traveling across the country", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00270-00066477-00066615": "immersing in this project,", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00271-00066615-00066807": "I was also leading plant walks", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00272-00066807-00067040": "and helping others to learn the foods", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00273-00067040-00067152": "that are growing freely", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00274-00067152-00067309": "and abundantly all around them.", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00275-00067309-00067497": "People from all walks of life", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00276-00067497-00067804": "coming out to learn the basics", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00277-00067804-00067952": "whether it was Central Park,", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00278-00067952-00068129": "or the capital in DC,", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00279-00068129-00068332": "or in Chicago, Philadelphia.", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00280-00068332-00068560": "Across this region,", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00281-00068560-00068876": "I brought people out to help them reconnect,", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00282-00068876-00068995": "reconnect with the Earth,", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00283-00068995-00069307": "because if we can find our food", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00284-00069307-00069394": "growing around us,", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00285-00069394-00069589": "and we can reconnect with our community,", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00286-00069589-00069960": "we do not need capitalism and consumerism.", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00287-00069960-00070349": "I believe this is part of overcoming  colonialism.", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00288-00070349-00070750": "Colonialism is all about removing us from the land,", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00289-00070750-00070949": "removing us from our community,", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00290-00070949-00071189": "removing us from sovereignty", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00291-00071189-00071388": "over our bodies and our health.", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00292-00071388-00071563": "Part of foraging", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00293-00071563-00071755": "is about reconnecting to this.", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00294-00071755-00072010": "It is about taking the power back.", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00295-00072010-00072162": "In these plant walks", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00296-00072162-00072432": "I introduced people to a dozen or so", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00297-00072432-00072672": "different easy-to-identify", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00298-00072672-00072787": "foods and medicines", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00299-00072787-00073005": "that are growing all around us", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00300-00073005-00073231": "in our cities and in the countryside.", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00301-00073319-00073534": "I shared with them basics of foraging;", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00302-00073534-00073822": "how to identify plants,", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00303-00073822-00074085": "how to know which ones are safe to eat,", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00304-00074085-00074297": "how to forage in a way that is", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00305-00074297-00074440": "ethical and sustainable,", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00306-00074440-00074700": "and also how to reconnect", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00307-00074700-00074963": "with the people that have been", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00308-00074963-00075273": "stewards of this land for thousands of years", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00309-00075273-00075483": "where this knowledge that we have today", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00310-00075483-00075628": "exists from them.", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00311-00075628-00075917": "Today we are foraging on stolen land,", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00312-00075917-00076088": "land that is here....", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00313-00076088-00076255": "It is what it is today", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00314-00076255-00076422": "because of genocide that happened,", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00315-00076422-00076652": "but still continues to happen here", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00316-00076652-00076813": "in what we call the United States", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00317-00076813-00076947": "also called Turtle Island.", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00318-00076947-00077189": "I think it is a really important thing", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00319-00077189-00077282": "to acknowledge that", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00320-00077282-00077477": "and acknowledge the land that we are on.", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00321-00077477-00077703": "Because if we are out foraging", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00322-00077703-00077896": "and we are connecting to these plants,", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00323-00077896-00078018": "but we are not connecting", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00324-00078018-00078167": "to the history of this land....", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00325-00078167-00078347": "That is a pretty big important part", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00326-00078347-00078777": "of equality, and justice, and regeneration", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00327-00078777-00078957": "of our Earth and community.", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00328-00078957-00079145": "Now, with that being said,", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00329-00079145-00079388": "one of the most common things  that I hear is,", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00330-00079388-00079818": "\"Well Rob, if everybody wanted to forage  their food,", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00331-00079818-00080085": "nature would be destroyed overnight.\"", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00332-00080085-00080495": "The truth is, that is not what would happen.", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00333-00080495-00080636": "Because, think about it", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00334-00080636-00080933": "if the whole world decided that they wanted", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00335-00080933-00081102": "to start connecting with the land,", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00336-00081102-00081302": "and harvesting their food,", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00337-00081302-00081568": "and creating relationship with these  plants,", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00338-00081568-00081748": "what we would have", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00339-00081748-00082046": "is a revolution of the mind,", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00340-00082046-00082288": "a revolution of the way society", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00341-00082288-00082517": "wants to interact with this Earth.", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00342-00082517-00082855": "That to me, is what a forager does.", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00343-00082897-00083062": "When I look back at this chapter", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00344-00083062-00083388": "this month of foraging all of my food,", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00345-00083388-00083578": "I feel the power and the connection", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00346-00083578-00083823": "to the Earth that we can all experience.", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00347-00083823-00084190": "To know that I can go out", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00348-00084250-00084593": "and I can meet all of my basic needs as a  human", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00349-00084593-00084878": "without money, without corporations,", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00350-00084878-00085038": "and to be able to do it in a way", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00351-00085038-00085206": "where I am giving back to the Earth", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00352-00085206-00085534": "that is the power that I want to experience.", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00353-00085534-00085748": "Not power OVER anything", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00354-00085748-00086145": "but power WITH these plant and animal relatives.", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00355-00086145-00086328": "When I look back at the last decade", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00356-00086328-00086594": "of breaking free from Big AG,", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00357-00086594-00086798": "from this global, industrial food system,", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00358-00086798-00086963": "I feel excitement,", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00359-00086963-00087168": "because although I just finished", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00360-00087168-00087378": "this month of foraging all my food,", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00361-00087378-00087644": "I think it is more or less", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00362-00087644-00087800": "still the beginning stages.", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00363-00087800-00087913": "It was just a month.", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00364-00087913-00088110": "I am ready for a year.", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00365-00088110-00088280": "I am ready to see", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00366-00088280-00088545": "if I can meet all of my needs", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00367-00088632-00088931": "harvesting the food that is growing", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00368-00088931-00089197": "freely and abundantly from the land,", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00369-00089197-00089515": "and doing it for an entire year.", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00370-00089598-00089736": "I think that is what is next.", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00371-00089981-00090262": "Thank you for still being here with me dear friends.", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00372-00090262-00090350": "It means a lot", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00373-00090350-00090528": "to be sharing this journey with you.", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00374-00090528-00090849": "Sharing this thing that I am so incredibly", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00375-00090849-00091007": "inspired and excited about.", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00376-00091007-00091192": "If you want to break free", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00377-00091192-00091386": "from the global, industrial food system,", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00378-00091386-00091497": "and you want to create", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00379-00091497-00091681": "food sovereignty in your communities,", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00380-00091681-00091980": "and you want to live a life of deep joy,", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00381-00091980-00092131": "health, and happiness,", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00382-00092131-00092278": "then I really encourage you to", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00383-00092278-00092425": "keep coming back here.", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00384-00092425-00092862": "Also, my website is a great resource of information.", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00385-00092862-00093050": "So subscribe to this channel", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00386-00093050-00093160": "if you have not already", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00387-00093160-00093276": "and you would like to.", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00388-00093276-00093419": "If you want to see this video", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00389-00093419-00093583": "get out into the world, comment,", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00390-00093583-00093717": "that helps the algorithm.", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00391-00093717-00093898": "Like it, and of course,", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00392-00093898-00094070": "share it with the friends,", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00393-00094070-00094258": "the family, the people in your life", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00394-00094258-00094445": "who you want to help break free", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00395-00094445-00094626": "from the global industrial food  system", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00396-00094626-00094793": "and find freedom in connecting", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00397-00094793-00095018": "to the plants that are growing", "ihSv9tgFN9k-00398-00095018-00095253": "freely and abundantly all around us."}}, {"audio_id": "ihXldTThS2y", "text": {"ihXldTThS2y-00000-00000056-00000680": "We lose facial fat naturally as we age taking away that youthful plumpness we once took for granted", "ihXldTThS2y-00001-00000680-00001232": "and hollowing out our cheeks and our eye sockets in particular but aside from that natural", "ihXldTThS2y-00002-00001232-00001768": "and more gradual fat loss there have been reports of patients losing facial fat as an unwanted side", "ihXldTThS2y-00003-00001768-00002384": "effect of clinical skin tightening treatments. Today a little hope. I'm speaking to Ivan", "ihXldTThS2y-00004-00002384-00002920": "Galanin and he is a New York-based scientist and founder of the skincare company Adipeau", "ihXldTThS2y-00005-00002920-00003464": "and he's dedicated himself to researching skin regeneration and as a result he's developed a", "ihXldTThS2y-00006-00003464-00004128": "cream to actively encourage facial fat renewal and he believes that with the right interventions", "ihXldTThS2y-00007-00004128-00004712": "including diet it can be fully restored. I found what he had to say fascinating.", "ihXldTThS2y-00008-00004712-00005252": "This is what he told me about why we lose facial fat and how we can get it back [Music]", "ihXldTThS2y-00009-00005528-00005904": "Ivan thank you so much for your time today are you joining me from", "ihXldTThS2y-00010-00005904-00006423": "New York? That's right that's right I'm based in New York Manhattan.", "ihXldTThS2y-00011-00006423-00006872": "Ah what a fantastic part of the world it's been a long time since I've been there but", "ihXldTThS2y-00012-00006968-00007848": "I just love it. I must visit again. Please. So I wanted to start firstly by just hearing a", "ihXldTThS2y-00013-00007848-00008440": "little bit about your professional background and what led you to specialize in skin regeneration?", "ihXldTThS2y-00014-00008544-00009496": "So um I was trained in science at a major pharmaceutical company I worked for Sanofi", "ihXldTThS2y-00015-00009552-00010240": "in inflammation research for about eight years and so then i left and i went to work for Mount Sinai", "ihXldTThS2y-00016-00010296-00010960": "school of medicine and i spun out two companies out of Mount Sinai one to treat a rare genetic", "ihXldTThS2y-00017-00011088-00011616": "disease and one to develop treatments for colorectal cancer. So i was never really", "ihXldTThS2y-00018-00011616-00012504": "interested in beauty and I had some exposure to dermatitis psoriasis those types of severe skin", "ihXldTThS2y-00019-00012504-00013144": "diseases when I worked in inflammation research but it wasn't really top of mind and then I had", "ihXldTThS2y-00020-00013144-00013808": "a really difficult skin condition myself that I had been treating with a topical steroid and it", "ihXldTThS2y-00021-00013808-00014528": "just got worse and worse and to the point where I just had a very wispy epidermis and then just", "ihXldTThS2y-00022-00014528-00015352": "fascia and any time my skin was uh tussled uh during sports uh it would bleed and so", "ihXldTThS2y-00023-00015432-00016096": "Istarted using an over-the-counter cream that my wife had on her counter just for emollience just", "ihXldTThS2y-00024-00016096-00016824": "for some temporary relief and then after about a couple weeks i could see that my skin was healing", "ihXldTThS2y-00025-00016824-00017464": "um in a way that it hadn't in the years of using the steroid cream and then by about eight weeks", "ihXldTThS2y-00026-00017464-00018344": "or nine weeks my skin was completely healed um and so I knew that this wasn't a placebo effect", "ihXldTThS2y-00027-00018344-00018968": "and so I was curious what it could be and so that's how I stumbled into the research around", "ihXldTThS2y-00028-00018968-00019704": "the dermal fat cells and that's how i got started so I actually came up with a completely different", "ihXldTThS2y-00029-00019792-00020464": "envisionment of the cream which is the cream i had been using was just it was regenerative but it was", "ihXldTThS2y-00030-00020464-00021432": "also lipo filling so it would fill the fat cells and then they would become bloated and so what", "ihXldTThS2y-00031-00021432-00022032": "when when I tested this very basic cream what would happen is that people would gain volume", "ihXldTThS2y-00032-00022032-00022624": "in their in their faces but it would be saggy Istarted by testing the cream that was available", "ihXldTThS2y-00033-00022624-00023320": "on the market okay and it was a simple very simple cream with cottonseed oil and so so", "ihXldTThS2y-00034-00023320-00024208": "cottonseed oil like all oils has long chain fatty acids and they are very weak stimulants of", "ihXldTThS2y-00035-00024208-00025008": "regeneration of fat cell regeneration but the problem with oils is they also have lipids", "ihXldTThS2y-00036-00025008-00025848": "that the fat cells absorb and then they become big so fat cells are the only cells in the human", "ihXldTThS2y-00037-00025848-00026695": "body that can expand by a factor of four and so what happens with traditional approaches is", "ihXldTThS2y-00038-00026760-00027352": "the the fat cells do get a burst of regeneration but then they're taking up the lipids from the", "ihXldTThS2y-00039-00027352-00027904": "oils and they're just getting bigger and once they get bigger two bad things happen", "ihXldTThS2y-00040-00027976-00028536": "one is that they stop regenerating so big fat cells actually send out", "ihXldTThS2y-00041-00028664-00029176": "messenger molecules called the adipokines that actually suppress regeneration", "ihXldTThS2y-00042-00029239-00029888": "they say okay we don't we don't need regeneration which is actually counter intuitive", "ihXldTThS2y-00043-00029992-00030527": "and then the other thing that the large fat cells do is they send out chemical messengers", "ihXldTThS2y-00044-00030527-00031136": "that stop the fibroblasts in the skin for making collagen and elastin and hyaluronic acid", "ihXldTThS2y-00045-00031216-00031927": "so yeah so this is actually beautiful research that was done by Shiseido and Shiseido showed", "ihXldTThS2y-00046-00031927-00032608": "that if you bloat the fat cells they will suppress collagen production by 80 percent.", "ihXldTThS2y-00047-00032727-00033344": "Gosh Ivan I'm just sitting here wishing I had your brain and not mine right now but I'm also", "ihXldTThS2y-00048-00033344-00033816": "processing what you're telling me, I mean that's just a tremendous amount of information there", "ihXldTThS2y-00049-00033872-00034480": "and we'll get into this research again in a minute. I did just want to ask you,", "ihXldTThS2y-00050-00034648-00035304": "I mean when it comes to volume loss in our face fat loss has got to be one of the", "ihXldTThS2y-00051-00035304-00036024": "biggest contributors there I'm guessing and what causes it what what causes us to lose facial fat?", "ihXldTThS2y-00052-00036104-00036936": "You know it's it's a weird collection of things and I would say I would put age as number three", "ihXldTThS2y-00053-00037008-00037648": "okay so what happens with aging is the the fat cells are still regenerating", "ihXldTThS2y-00054-00037776-00038520": "very actively they're just not regenerating at the same pace okay so the pace has slowed", "ihXldTThS2y-00055-00038648-00039152": "uh just like with other you know cells in the body like brain cells muscle cells you just", "ihXldTThS2y-00056-00039152-00039632": "need to work harder to maintain your brain networks you need to work harder to build", "ihXldTThS2y-00057-00039632-00040104": "the same amount of muscle as you did when you were in your 20s for example yeah but", "ihXldTThS2y-00058-00040104-00040784": "let's let's say let's put age at number three number one number one is sun exposure", "ihXldTThS2y-00059-00040872-00041704": "so so sun exposure how does sun exposure affect fat cell regeneration so sun exposure creates", "ihXldTThS2y-00060-00041704-00042520": "a inflammation on the surface of the skin and the keratinocytes the surface cells", "ihXldTThS2y-00061-00042608-00043264": "actually have a very important role in fat cell regeneration because they're sending down trophic", "ihXldTThS2y-00062-00043264-00043888": "factors that cause fat cells to regenerate so all the cells in the skin work together", "ihXldTThS2y-00063-00043960-00044488": "and so when they're in a state of inflammation they're no longer sending down those trophic", "ihXldTThS2y-00064-00044488-00045256": "factors and it and the fat cells are sort of left without sufficient nutrients without sufficient", "ihXldTThS2y-00065-00045256-00046208": "trophic signals to regenerate so sun exposure is is definitely maybe number one okay here's a", "ihXldTThS2y-00066-00046208-00046960": "really weird one that we actually only discovered through our clinical research so the the first", "ihXldTThS2y-00067-00046960-00047528": "area that people lose fat is actually not under the eyes where the sun sun exposure is going to", "ihXldTThS2y-00068-00047528-00048384": "be the most dramatic impact but right alongside the mouth so right on either side of the mouth and", "ihXldTThS2y-00069-00048384-00048968": "we couldn't understand why like because no one talks about that no one talks about this area yeah", "ihXldTThS2y-00070-00049072-00049824": "and we couldn't understand why uh why why this was the case and finally i was talking", "ihXldTThS2y-00071-00049824-00050616": "to a woman who does face yoga and she was 37 years old face exercises she was 37 years old", "ihXldTThS2y-00072-00050616-00051455": "and she had very severe depletion right here like 10/15 years worse she looked like she was", "ihXldTThS2y-00073-00051512-00052055": "this part of the face looked like it was in her early 50s where this part the upper part of the", "ihXldTThS2y-00074-00052055-00052584": "face looked like it was in her early 30s. Teah i hope you didn't tell her that Ivan.", "ihXldTThS2y-00075-00052736-00053455": "Not at the time but then subsequently i broke the news so uh so then if you look", "ihXldTThS2y-00076-00053455-00054136": "at rock stars right look at like a young Mick Jagger or even like a really young harry styles", "ihXldTThS2y-00077-00054200-00054864": "they have severe volume loss right here and that's because the number one factor", "ihXldTThS2y-00078-00054991-00055808": "number two factor is dynamic movement of the face so any any dynamic and this is", "ihXldTThS2y-00079-00055808-00056408": "something that i don't think most people even most experts know about but there are", "ihXldTThS2y-00080-00056408-00057167": "papers that review um scientific literature and it's absolutely clear-cut any dynamic movement", "ihXldTThS2y-00081-00057232-00057696": "like singing like singing yes so we called it rockstar mouth yeah", "ihXldTThS2y-00082-00057944-00058679": "I'll never sing again that's that crushed. Well so the dynamic movement again it's you know", "ihXldTThS2y-00083-00058679-00059255": "fat cells are very sensitive to lots of different things and and one thing that suppresses fat", "ihXldTThS2y-00084-00059255-00059984": "cell regeneration is dynamic movement so either stretching or squeezing as long as it's dynamic", "ihXldTThS2y-00085-00060088-00060864": "it will suppress fat cell regeneration and so you can look at the 70s and 80s rock stars um they all", "ihXldTThS2y-00086-00060864-00061655": "have this like led zeppelin and um you know it's it that was like a very much of an aha moment i", "ihXldTThS2y-00087-00061655-00062160": "was like okay it's amazing that that explains what what we're seeing in the clinical study", "ihXldTThS2y-00088-00062288-00063055": "so you've got sun you've got dynamic facial movement um and you have got you said", "ihXldTThS2y-00089-00063055-00063688": "aging was third yeah yeah and just with the natural depletion or cells are less", "ihXldTThS2y-00090-00063784-00064279": "active and here's another bad one which which i think people are going to be surprised about", "ihXldTThS2y-00091-00064344-00065136": "high-intensity exercise so again when you're exercising when your body is doing high intensity", "ihXldTThS2y-00092-00065136-00065912": "exercise it's devoting all its resources to the lungs to the muscles to fill that", "ihXldTThS2y-00093-00065912-00066560": "fulfill that activity so it's saying all regenerative activity let's stop we this is", "ihXldTThS2y-00094-00066560-00067120": "not the time for regeneration we need to keep the lungs pumping we need to have that oxygen flowing", "ihXldTThS2y-00095-00067176-00068064": "and so if you look at bodybuilders like The Rock Dwayne Johnson or others they have they have this", "ihXldTThS2y-00096-00068064-00068904": "flappy these flappy uh lower cheeks and that's basically um that's a very severe form but even", "ihXldTThS2y-00097-00068904-00069584": "like you know you look at someone like Gwyneth Paltrow I mean she's amazing looking so not", "ihXldTThS2y-00098-00069584-00070320": "putting down her appearance at all but because she devotes so much of her wellness practice to", "ihXldTThS2y-00099-00070320-00070960": "high intensity exercise you'll see that she has gym grooves right underneath her eyes and on on", "ihXldTThS2y-00100-00070960-00071760": "both sides and so it's you know the Brits actually called it gym face so they they came up with that", "ihXldTThS2y-00101-00071760-00072296": "term so i can't take credit for that i don't have a gym face so that's one i'm feeling good about", "ihXldTThS2y-00102-00072296-00072816": "because i don't do too much high intensity exercise so okay tick that one gets the", "ihXldTThS2y-00103-00072816-00073480": "tick like that one so it's pretty you know it's pretty standard um it's pretty it's lifestyle.", "ihXldTThS2y-00104-00073576-00074280": "Okay it's fascinating um and then there's there's one other that i wanted to ask you about one other", "ihXldTThS2y-00105-00074280-00075000": "cause because um on this channel i have tried a number of different clinical treatments including", "ihXldTThS2y-00106-00075000-00075888": "things like Ultherapy thermal ablation i've tried quite a number of at-home devices like um radio", "ihXldTThS2y-00107-00075888-00076568": "frequency and laser and especially when it comes to some of those more powerful clinical treatments", "ihXldTThS2y-00108-00076640-00077400": "there have been quite a number of reports of um unwanted unintended facial fat loss from", "ihXldTThS2y-00109-00077400-00078024": "treatments like ultrasound and radio frequency i'm not saying that's necessarily the norm but we are", "ihXldTThS2y-00110-00078024-00078672": "aware there's a risk and i mean that's how we got connected because you had replied to and thank you", "ihXldTThS2y-00111-00078672-00079328": "for that to one of my viewers who was concerned about uh facial fat loss following a clinical", "ihXldTThS2y-00112-00079392-00080056": "treatment and she she feared she would never be able to regain that fat loss and you had some", "ihXldTThS2y-00113-00080056-00080688": "slightly good news for her there didn't you. Yeah no absolutely absolutely we actually um", "ihXldTThS2y-00114-00080768-00081512": "the company that i started Adipeau we're actually now working with about a dozen people who've had", "ihXldTThS2y-00115-00081728-00082472": "facial fat loss from different procedures and we're starting to see um really good recovery um", "ihXldTThS2y-00116-00082600-00083304": "yeah so this so the good news is the fat is absolutely as regenerative as any other tissue", "ihXldTThS2y-00117-00083304-00083968": "in the body and it can completely recover complete recovery um so we've seen this", "ihXldTThS2y-00118-00083968-00084576": "you know even in people in their late 60s so there's there's no reason for", "ihXldTThS2y-00119-00084688-00085432": "uh pessimism and but the the the thing about these procedures is they absolutely", "ihXldTThS2y-00120-00085432-00086464": "uh uh to the fat cells um and I've dug into this really quite seriously because it's hard as you", "ihXldTThS2y-00121-00086464-00087192": "probably experienced talking with experts it's hard to really get a a straight answer yes yep", "ihXldTThS2y-00122-00087264-00087832": "you know some people say well you can you know as long as you don't use it on the upper part of the", "ihXldTThS2y-00123-00087832-00088480": "face you're okay so when you when i hear that i say like okay so that means if you do use it", "ihXldTThS2y-00124-00088480-00089096": "on the upper part of the face you're going to get fat loss that's going to look bad and if you lose", "ihXldTThS2y-00125-00089096-00089600": "it on the lower part of the face you're going to get fat loss that might look good but in either", "ihXldTThS2y-00126-00089600-00090312": "case you're getting fat loss yes and and really the you know the the amazing thing is there's", "ihXldTThS2y-00127-00090312-00091032": "so little data so the best data is actually from the people who develop the all therapy", "ihXldTThS2y-00128-00091136-00091824": "yeah because these guys were real scientists they were academic scientists i forget whether", "ihXldTThS2y-00129-00091824-00092304": "they were at MIT or a place like that but they were you know serious", "ihXldTThS2y-00130-00092304-00092792": "academic scientists and they thought that they had really created a very clever way", "ihXldTThS2y-00131-00092856-00093832": "for shrinking collapsing the smas which is the tissue below the fat yeah and so they published", "ihXldTThS2y-00132-00093832-00094440": "they do what real scientists do they published and in these publications you can see yeah like", "ihXldTThS2y-00133-00094440-00095104": "they are shrinking this mass but they're actually showing in those in those slides that the adjacent", "ihXldTThS2y-00134-00095104-00095848": "fat is being damaged you can see it right and that's but and then that's probably the only", "ihXldTThS2y-00135-00095848-00096712": "really uh uh publication because the um the radio frequency device manufacturers they don't they", "ihXldTThS2y-00136-00096712-00097400": "didn't publish any um as far as i know i don't think they published any biopsy data or any", "ihXldTThS2y-00137-00097400-00098224": "um uh visual data of the skin they just showed. Well that's it because it's something that i", "ihXldTThS2y-00138-00098224-00099008": "have heard about but have never seen any tangible evidence so i've i have talked about", "ihXldTThS2y-00139-00099008-00099520": "on the channel but i never feel that i'm speaking about it from a terribly informed perspective and", "ihXldTThS2y-00140-00099520-00099984": "i don't like that especially as a journalist but i didn't want to just ignore it completely", "ihXldTThS2y-00141-00099984-00100376": "on a channel like mine where i'm talking about radio frequency devices and so on so", "ihXldTThS2y-00142-00100432-00101144": "um to hear that and to hear that there has been evidence as well is really helpful.", "ihXldTThS2y-00143-00101200-00102248": "And really it's really a scandal to be honest it's really a scandal how poorly um how poorly this", "ihXldTThS2y-00144-00102248-00103016": "aspect has been described and disclosed so we know for example right that when you heat up the skin", "ihXldTThS2y-00145-00103072-00103824": "to 42 degrees celsius the the the the the fat cells actually get heated to a higher temperature", "ihXldTThS2y-00146-00103888-00104224": "because they create more resistance and that resistance", "ihXldTThS2y-00147-00104328-00104928": "in turn creates more heat but it's very people really just even in the publication from the", "ihXldTThS2y-00148-00104928-00105544": "ultherapy group they really tiptoe around this and it's like okay let's not look too closely at this", "ihXldTThS2y-00149-00105656-00106583": "and so it's you know it's really troubling to me um but that's the state of the industry.", "ihXldTThS2y-00150-00106735-00107240": "Yeah there are a lot of unknowns and we seem to be you know technology develops and", "ihXldTThS2y-00151-00107376-00107959": "you know one one of the good things about um being alive at this time is that there is so much you", "ihXldTThS2y-00152-00107959-00108511": "can do to sort of counter the effects of of aging and we all want to look and feel as good as we can", "ihXldTThS2y-00153-00108511-00109096": "for as long as we can but uh we don't want to set ourselves back any as well and i think there's a", "ihXldTThS2y-00154-00109096-00110032": "great hunger for information real information from consumers um when it comes to rebuilding", "ihXldTThS2y-00155-00110096-00110856": "the um facial fat how how do you do that how does your cream do that do you think?", "ihXldTThS2y-00156-00110920-00111496": "\"ell so before we get to the cream i want to tell people that there are other things they're", "ihXldTThS2y-00157-00111496-00112064": "non-cream related things that they can do to rebuild the fat so the best thing they can do", "ihXldTThS2y-00158-00112064-00112864": "is to eat a protein-rich diet so 0.7 grams per pound of body weight so for most people", "ihXldTThS2y-00159-00112864-00113608": "that's going to be more protein than they're eating so 80 grams 100 grams 120 grams um", "ihXldTThS2y-00160-00113696-00114640": "a day of protein and why protein because protein is the regenerative macronutrient it stimulates", "ihXldTThS2y-00161-00114696-00115368": "regeneration like no other nutrient so if the number one thing you can do is", "ihXldTThS2y-00162-00115440-00116128": "regenerate is is to stimulate regeneration through protein and that's i think why the collagen", "ihXldTThS2y-00163-00116200-00116832": "is working i think part of the reason that ingested collagen has such an effect", "ihXldTThS2y-00164-00116935-00117559": "on the skin is because it's also regenerating fat cells because remember collagen is i don't know", "ihXldTThS2y-00165-00117559-00118640": "90 uh 90 protein or 95 i'm not sure um but yeah so we don't make collagen but yes absolutely a", "ihXldTThS2y-00166-00118640-00119424": "protein the other thing is to stimulate blood flow to the areas of fat loss either through", "ihXldTThS2y-00167-00119424-00120335": "derma rolling or sauna or any type of cold you know showers anything that will stimulate blood", "ihXldTThS2y-00168-00120335-00121064": "flow is actually microcurrent are you a supporter of that i actually have a microcurrent roller", "ihXldTThS2y-00169-00121064-00121664": "um that i use you know i would be a supporter of microcurrent if there was", "ihXldTThS2y-00170-00121664-00122496": "any data about it in the literature and it's really like so bad um i'm not against microcurrent", "ihXldTThS2y-00171-00122496-00123176": "i just there's really no data okay like so many things absolutely yeah but let me tell you about", "ihXldTThS2y-00172-00123176-00123680": "how how the cream works because this is a real innovation so i told you at the beginning that", "ihXldTThS2y-00173-00123680-00124232": "most you know other beauty companies know you know that there are fat cells in the skin and that you", "ihXldTThS2y-00174-00124232-00124856": "can plump them up by just feeding them lipids and we talked about how they get bloated as a result", "ihXldTThS2y-00175-00124856-00125464": "and then that as a result they stop production of collagen and elastin by the fibroblasts", "ihXldTThS2y-00176-00125464-00126224": "so the innovation in our cream is that on the one hand we're supplying a non-comedogenic lipid", "ihXldTThS2y-00177-00126224-00126976": "linoleic acid from safflower seed oil but we're balancing this with a really cool ingredient", "ihXldTThS2y-00178-00126976-00127568": "called black ginger and what black ginger does is black ginger actually causes the", "ihXldTThS2y-00179-00127568-00128352": "fat cells to release any excess lipids so it keeps them toned so they're regenerating and", "ihXldTThS2y-00180-00128352-00129032": "they're cooperating with the fibroblasts to make collagen elastin and all that stuff so it's the", "ihXldTThS2y-00181-00129032-00129728": "first time that anyone had tried to on the one hand stimulate regeneration but instead of", "ihXldTThS2y-00182-00129728-00130535": "filling the fat cells to excess keeping them toned and so when when when we were submitting for", "ihXldTThS2y-00183-00130535-00131440": "patent um the it was remarkable we looked at all the prior art and no one had tried this before so", "ihXldTThS2y-00184-00131440-00131960": "this was really a completely innovative and a little bit of a counter-intuitive", "ihXldTThS2y-00185-00131960-00132624": "approach because everyone wants the quick win like fill the fat cells then the consumers get it quick", "ihXldTThS2y-00186-00132744-00133512": "filling result and they're happy but ultimately that's counterproductive so how do we know that", "ihXldTThS2y-00187-00133512-00134176": "the cream is stimulating new fat cell formation that's really the how do we know because we", "ihXldTThS2y-00188-00134176-00134680": "in our study we didn't take biopsies so biopsies would be the gold standard but", "ihXldTThS2y-00189-00134744-00135480": "we didn't know which part of the face to biopsy um and this is why it's important because the cream", "ihXldTThS2y-00190-00135560-00136416": "actually works very selectively through the skin's natural processes so what does that mean so it", "ihXldTThS2y-00191-00136416-00137048": "means that you won't get any unwanted fat cell regeneration in places where you don't need it", "ihXldTThS2y-00192-00137104-00137712": "and how is that possible how is the cream so smart well the answer is the cream isn't smart at all", "ihXldTThS2y-00193-00137768-00138424": "it just delivers these nutrients uh to the skin's fat cells via the hair tiny hair", "ihXldTThS2y-00194-00138424-00138992": "follicles on the skin and in those areas where the there are not enough fat cells", "ihXldTThS2y-00195-00138992-00139720": "the skin is smart enough to recognize okay in this particular spot it's okay", "ihXldTThS2y-00196-00139720-00140208": "to respond with regenerative impulse because in this particular spot", "ihXldTThS2y-00197-00140344-00141000": "we're definitioning it but right here we're not and so in our clinical study we just submitted", "ihXldTThS2y-00198-00141000-00141768": "our clinical study for peer review publication the six month results some subjects who were in their", "ihXldTThS2y-00199-00141768-00142576": "early 30s the only place where they gained volume was right here it's like a tiny little circle they", "ihXldTThS2y-00200-00142576-00143240": "only gained it in that area of the face where they had become depleted and then our older subjects", "ihXldTThS2y-00201-00143296-00143848": "because remember we talked about how age is one of the factors they gained it all over the face", "ihXldTThS2y-00202-00143848-00144568": "so it's like they they had the one our oldest subject who was 68 years old she gained four", "ihXldTThS2y-00203-00144568-00145264": "cubic centimeters of volume on either side of the face four cubic centimeters that is like", "ihXldTThS2y-00204-00145264-00146128": "a major facelift the way the study worked is we would we we scan people's faces with a 3d camera", "ihXldTThS2y-00205-00146128-00146960": "and it would build a topology map of the face so pixel by pixel and then when you did the next scan", "ihXldTThS2y-00206-00146960-00147592": "it would do that again and then it could compare one pixel to another and measure the pixel height", "ihXldTThS2y-00207-00147776-00148464": "so it's a quantitative completely objective readout of the volume changes", "ihXldTThS2y-00208-00148520-00149400": "yeah wow um i mean that's that's that for somebody of 68 i i bet they were not expecting from a cream", "ihXldTThS2y-00209-00149496-00150504": "to have that kind of response yeah i think that i think that people were a little bit surprised", "ihXldTThS2y-00210-00150504-00151328": "but more than that just i think they felt joy like the sense that your body is is regenerative", "ihXldTThS2y-00211-00151328-00151928": "is a really it's a it's a positive emotion this is something that is available", "ihXldTThS2y-00212-00152024-00152608": "for people to buy right now is that right that's right on on our website and it's it is i mean", "ihXldTThS2y-00213-00152728-00153504": "the cream is not inexpensive when you look at it it's 75 for a 30 ml bottle you can get", "ihXldTThS2y-00214-00153504-00154376": "a subscription that reduces it by 10 but when you so on the surface it seems like it's expensive but", "ihXldTThS2y-00215-00154376-00155168": "when you measure it against the the alternatives it's ridiculously cheap and i'm glad it is because", "ihXldTThS2y-00216-00155168-00155712": "and here's the other thing and we've started to tell people this you don't need to use it", "ihXldTThS2y-00217-00155776-00156472": "forever and you certainly you don't need to use it as frequently because by stimulating your own body", "ihXldTThS2y-00218-00156552-00157256": "you're basically restoring a condition that you had 10 20 30 years ago yeah and so it's not like", "ihXldTThS2y-00219-00157256-00158208": "it's you become actually quite independent of the cream over time and so it i mean i tell that to", "ihXldTThS2y-00220-00158208-00158680": "people just because i don't want you know i want to be truthful i know because because they'll ask", "ihXldTThS2y-00221-00158680-00159408": "me okay will the effect go away if i stop using the cream and i say no because it's not that the", "ihXldTThS2y-00222-00159408-00160008": "cream is sitting in your skin creating volume it's that it's stimulating your body's own regenerative", "ihXldTThS2y-00223-00160008-00160736": "processes and those are not going to go away. I love that honesty um and i think that will be", "ihXldTThS2y-00224-00160736-00161184": "appreciated by everybody watching that and Well it is The Honest Channel", "ihXldTThS2y-00225-00161312-00162344": "That's what we're about here absolutely just be up front um so um how often to begin with uh if we're", "ihXldTThS2y-00226-00162480-00162896": "using the cream would you use that twice daily and then start once you're happy", "ihXldTThS2y-00227-00162896-00163272": "with the results start kind of slowing it down a bit or what do you normally recommend to people?", "ihXldTThS2y-00228-00163424-00163968": "Exactly and you can use it only on the areas you don't have to use it on your whole face", "ihXldTThS2y-00229-00163968-00164456": "so for example if you're in your 30s right and really the two areas where you're going to get", "ihXldTThS2y-00230-00164456-00165048": "volume loss in your 30s are under the eyes because of the sun and then around the mouth", "ihXldTThS2y-00231-00165120-00165840": "and so you can just spot treat those areas once or twice once or twice a day and then", "ihXldTThS2y-00232-00165840-00166504": "one bottle will last you for two months or maybe even longer and so yeah it's you don't have to do", "ihXldTThS2y-00233-00166504-00167032": "the whole face you don't have to do the forehead you know yeah just where you want to treat.", "ihXldTThS2y-00234-00167032-00167824": "Well i'm going on to the website after this that's for darn sure to get mine it sounds brilliant.", "ihXldTThS2y-00235-00167880-00168672": "And take the quiz so we have a quiz where we we ask about 12 questions about lifestyle and we give", "ihXldTThS2y-00236-00168672-00169376": "people a skin strength and volume score okay um yeah individualized and then tips based on their", "ihXldTThS2y-00237-00169376-00169816": "lifestyle what they can be doing although we've gone through a few of them already.", "ihXldTThS2y-00238-00169904-00170368": "So after speaking with Ivan you might not be surprised to hear I did make a dash over to his", "ihXldTThS2y-00239-00170368-00171008": "website and i'll include a link to it in the video description. I bought the 75 dollar active face", "ihXldTThS2y-00240-00171008-00171600": "cream and I paid 16 dollars on top for delivery to the uk and when it arrives i'm going to use it", "ihXldTThS2y-00241-00171600-00172160": "and do a follow-up video at 3 months to share my results with you. For now i hope that some of you", "ihXldTThS2y-00242-00172160-00172696": "worried about fat loss will feel encouraged by what Ivan had to say let me know what you think", "ihXldTThS2y-00243-00172696-00173088": "in the comments and if you enjoyed this video i'd love it if you could give it a thumbs up", "ihXldTThS2y-00244-00173088-00174200": "and subscribe to this channel for more videos like this one thanks for watching [Music] you"}}, {"audio_id": "ihban7iczku", "text": {"ihban7iczku-00000-00056854-00057233": "that was the real doctor congratulations", "ihban7iczku-00001-00057466-00057858": "I've marked the exfiltration locations on your map", "ihban7iczku-00002-00140745-00140958": "all data deleted", "ihban7iczku-00003-00141020-00141458": "exit locations are on your map exfiltrate when you're ready", "ihban7iczku-00004-00167366-00167595": "ALIKHANOVA is retreating to the bunker", "ihban7iczku-00005-00167608-00167958": "you must have alerted security Seeker, hurry!", "ihban7iczku-00006-00180579-00180920": "well done proceed to the next one", "ihban7iczku-00007-00189120-00189354": "I'm coming up on the satellite tracking station", "ihban7iczku-00008-00189366-00189754": "Our information suggests ZAYTSEV will be there", "ihban7iczku-00009-00287587-00287758": "that;s looks like Doctor ZAYTSEV", "ihban7iczku-00010-00287770-00288054": "his death is important to us", "ihban7iczku-00011-00288062-00288225": "and who would \"us\" be?", "ihban7iczku-00012-00288237-00288729": "you're not being paid to ask questions, Seeker do your job", "ihban7iczku-00013-00320695-00320870": "both targets eliminated", "ihban7iczku-00014-00320883-00321154": "good now get out of there"}}, {"audio_id": "iidaz4zyT5k", "text": {"iidaz4zyT5k-00000-00000030-00000720": "Hello! We have here today a 250cc Jianshe ATV,", "iidaz4zyT5k-00001-00000800-00001134": "As we've shown you in a previous video,", "iidaz4zyT5k-00002-00001134-00001548": "there's a weird sound coming from the engine,", "iidaz4zyT5k-00005-00001736-00002272": "The first time, we thought it came from the swing arms,", "iidaz4zyT5k-00007-00002322-00002554": "that's how it sounded,", "iidaz4zyT5k-00008-00002554-00002982": "but we've checked on them, and the sound remained there,", "iidaz4zyT5k-00010-00003156-00003928": "We're going to open it and see what's going on in there,", "iidaz4zyT5k-00011-00003928-00004638": "what we saw first was the camshaft assy.", "iidaz4zyT5k-00012-00004720-00004998": "Ok,  the camshaft", "iidaz4zyT5k-00013-00005050-00005352": "looks really worn out,", "iidaz4zyT5k-00016-00005756-00006108": "I think you can see it, too.", "iidaz4zyT5k-00018-00006256-00006594": "That was the first thing that we've noticed.", "iidaz4zyT5k-00019-00006602-00007220": "As I said, we're going to open in here and see what else is wrong.", "iidaz4zyT5k-00021-00007270-00007652": "There's pressure inside the crankcase,", "iidaz4zyT5k-00023-00007742-00008142": "that could happen either because of the piston rings,", "iidaz4zyT5k-00025-00008192-00008642": "or the valve seals,", "iidaz4zyT5k-00027-00008692-00008996": "or maybe because the piston is cracked,", "iidaz4zyT5k-00028-00008996-00009242": "there are many possible causes.", "iidaz4zyT5k-00029-00009242-00009554": "But we can't tell anything for sure until we open it.", "iidaz4zyT5k-00030-00009554-00009836": "We need to also replace the piston rings,", "iidaz4zyT5k-00031-00009836-00010168": "so we're going to disassemble the engine next.", "iidaz4zyT5k-00033-00010218-00010504": "I'm going to start from up here.", "iidaz4zyT5k-00034-00010564-00010864": "We first have this support,", "iidaz4zyT5k-00036-00011268-00011784": "we'll have to remove almost everything in order to", "iidaz4zyT5k-00038-00011834-00012100": "reach for the cylinder hear,", "iidaz4zyT5k-00039-00012120-00012674": "more exactly, I'll have to pull the engine aside, because I won't be able to remove the cylinder head through up here.", "iidaz4zyT5k-00041-00012754-00013108": "I'll also have to remove the intake system.", "iidaz4zyT5k-00043-00013158-00013438": "Ok, let's do this first.", "iidaz4zyT5k-00044-00013547-00013744": "...together with the carburetor...", "iidaz4zyT5k-00045-00016482-00016736": "Make sure you hold onto the carburetor,", "iidaz4zyT5k-00047-00016884-00017266": "because this screw is the only thing keeping it in place,", "iidaz4zyT5k-00048-00017298-00017538": "I don't want to break anything.", "iidaz4zyT5k-00049-00017646-00017926": "Make sure you don't leave it hanging.", "iidaz4zyT5k-00051-00020418-00020664": "Ok, I've removed the intake...", "iidaz4zyT5k-00052-00020746-00021150": "here we have the carburetor and intake pipe joint,", "iidaz4zyT5k-00054-00021208-00021496": "I'll remove the throttle cable.", "iidaz4zyT5k-00055-00024200-00024484": "Ok, let's put it aside.", "iidaz4zyT5k-00056-00024566-00024882": "Let's also remove this support,", "iidaz4zyT5k-00058-00028126-00028400": "I'll have to remove the muffler,", "iidaz4zyT5k-00059-00028400-00028760": "the engine supports,", "iidaz4zyT5k-00061-00028895-00029126": "starting with this one...", "iidaz4zyT5k-00062-00029577-00029860": "Next on, the muffler...", "iidaz4zyT5k-00063-00030656-00030994": "Now, the exhaust system...", "iidaz4zyT5k-00069-00034688-00034954": "We have a gasket here,", "iidaz4zyT5k-00070-00034968-00035430": "next on, I'll remove the supports,", "iidaz4zyT5k-00072-00035480-00035636": "there's one here, beneath the starting engine,", "iidaz4zyT5k-00073-00035636-00035908": "and other two on the back.", "iidaz4zyT5k-00074-00035908-00036312": "First I'm going to remove this one that's under the starting engine.", "iidaz4zyT5k-00076-00036520-00036922": "I'll have to stand against it from the other side", "iidaz4zyT5k-00080-00039152-00039358": "ok, this one's out,", "iidaz4zyT5k-00081-00039452-00039636": "I've also removed the nut,", "iidaz4zyT5k-00082-00039750-00040040": "there's another one here, at the back,", "iidaz4zyT5k-00083-00040052-00040360": "let's remove this one as well.", "iidaz4zyT5k-00084-00041686-00042142": "And there's another one under the engine.", "iidaz4zyT5k-00086-00043848-00044132": "Ok, and this one below...", "iidaz4zyT5k-00087-00045268-00045556": "Make sure you check for it not to run on empty.", "iidaz4zyT5k-00088-00045634-00046260": "Should it do so, use a wrench on the other side to hold against it.", "iidaz4zyT5k-00090-00046540-00046980": "Next, I'm going to remove the screw from the inferior support,", "iidaz4zyT5k-00092-00047030-00047242": "and from the one in the front.", "iidaz4zyT5k-00095-00048448-00048908": "Ok... let's remove the starting engine cable.", "iidaz4zyT5k-00097-00049428-00049770": "I'll remove all wires that are connected to the installation.", "iidaz4zyT5k-00099-00049888-00050154": "...the electrical installation...", "iidaz4zyT5k-00100-00050154-00050378": "so I could remove the engine..", "iidaz4zyT5k-00101-00050570-00050792": "Ok, the wires next...", "iidaz4zyT5k-00103-00051340-00051626": "We have some improvisation here, i'll deal with it a bit later.", "iidaz4zyT5k-00105-00052522-00052890": "For now, I just want the magneto stator to...", "iidaz4zyT5k-00107-00053152-00053338": "remain on the engine.", "iidaz4zyT5k-00109-00053452-00053632": "I'll remove all the rest.", "iidaz4zyT5k-00110-00053867-00054246": "There are some really thin wires around here that could catch fire at any time.", "iidaz4zyT5k-00112-00054450-00054908": "We have two wires here that are not isolated.", "iidaz4zyT5k-00114-00055038-00055567": "We have to check the electrical components as well, we have here an improvised cdi.", "iidaz4zyT5k-00117-00055929-00056532": "I won't insist now, let's check the engine first, and then the electrical part.", "iidaz4zyT5k-00118-00056667-00057388": "Next, i'll remove the starting engine, so I could reach for the engine.", "iidaz4zyT5k-00120-00057632-00058122": "It's attached to the engine,", "iidaz4zyT5k-00122-00058172-00058504": "with two screws...", "iidaz4zyT5k-00124-00058810-00059110": "let's remove this support.", "iidaz4zyT5k-00127-00060784-00060991": "Now, these fixings screws...", "iidaz4zyT5k-00129-00062546-00062982": "I'll slowly pull the starting engine.", "iidaz4zyT5k-00131-00063586-00063870": "Here it is...", "iidaz4zyT5k-00132-00063870-00064266": "I have a bit more space now, It'll be easier to work on the engine.", "iidaz4zyT5k-00134-00064379-00064712": "Ok, so I'll pull out the engine this way...", "iidaz4zyT5k-00135-00064712-00065024": "This one's the cardan,", "iidaz4zyT5k-00136-00065044-00065224": "it comes right here,", "iidaz4zyT5k-00138-00065424-00065906": "so, this one stays here, and that's how the engine comes out.", "iidaz4zyT5k-00139-00065920-00066372": "Let's check it!"}}, {"audio_id": "iihPmorU8O8", "text": {"iihPmorU8O8-00000-00000000-00000168": "SETHDVideoFreeFootage"}}, {"audio_id": "iiir5jDlsPI", "text": {"iiir5jDlsPI-00000-00000910-00001970": "Mary Somerville was the daughter of an Irish soldier who was trained in knowledge related", "iiir5jDlsPI-00001-00001970-00002689": "to the sciences in various societies in Edinburgh and who published", "iiir5jDlsPI-00002-00002689-00003450": "in physics and astronomy and mathematics. She carried out an important English translation", "iiir5jDlsPI-00003-00003450-00004363": "of The Mechanics of Laplace and also published this book on the connections between", "iiir5jDlsPI-00004-00004363-00005082": "the physical sciences. The book was reviewed by an author we've already talked about, William Whewell.", "iiir5jDlsPI-00005-00005082-00005951": "His review, although long, also contained  some comments on the role", "iiir5jDlsPI-00006-00005951-00006645": "of women in science. Whewell thought that the minds had a sex and that women thought", "iiir5jDlsPI-00007-00006645-00007329": "differently from men so they should be removed from certain spaces", "iiir5jDlsPI-00008-00007329-00008020": "within scientific activity. Many other authors made comments of this kind, even", "iiir5jDlsPI-00009-00008020-00008439": "more restrictive for the role of women in science in those years and also years later.", "iiir5jDlsPI-00010-00008439-00009236": "And, in many cases, they found the response from female authors of those years", "iiir5jDlsPI-00011-00009236-00010025": "who reported that some of these statements served to limit women's ability", "iiir5jDlsPI-00012-00010025-00010793": "to be able to develop scientific activity. Women in the early nineteenth century", "iiir5jDlsPI-00013-00010793-00011615": "were authors of works of science, informative works.  One of the", "iiir5jDlsPI-00014-00011615-00012318": "most famous works, and which appears here, on conversations in chemistry, with which", "iiir5jDlsPI-00015-00012318-00012915": "many authors were trained in the early nineteenth century, was written", "iiir5jDlsPI-00016-00012915-00013868": "by this author, Jane Marcet. Women were also important figures in courses in physics,", "iiir5jDlsPI-00017-00013868-00014496": "and chemistry, public courses that were taught in those years, many of the attendees, many of the", "iiir5jDlsPI-00018-00014496-00015017": "people attending their courses were women. The studies of the history of the science in", "iiir5jDlsPI-00019-00015017-00015791": "recent years have addressed the role of women in science from various perspectives.", "iiir5jDlsPI-00020-00015791-00016436": "Three issues seem to me to be important when talking about this issue within the", "iiir5jDlsPI-00021-00016436-00017079": "context that we are dealing with, science of the nineteenth century: invisibility, impediments", "iiir5jDlsPI-00022-00017079-00017629": "and naturalisation. Invisibility, first of all, the studies of the history of science", "iiir5jDlsPI-00023-00017629-00018198": "have shown the invisibility of figures, spaces and practices related to", "iiir5jDlsPI-00024-00018198-00018843": "women in the history of science and, also, in science manuals. In the", "iiir5jDlsPI-00025-00018843-00019259": "last few years a lot of female characters have been recovered,", "iiir5jDlsPI-00026-00019259-00019784": "who are barely mentioned in science manuals. Spaces and practices have also been recovered,", "iiir5jDlsPI-00027-00019784-00020501": "such as the spreading and teaching of science where women were leading figures.", "iiir5jDlsPI-00028-00020501-00021101": "The important role that the salons had during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries is", "iiir5jDlsPI-00029-00021101-00021748": "currently being reconsidered and it has been seen that the prominence of women", "iiir5jDlsPI-00030-00021748-00022170": "was very important in this space that had not been considered in the traditional accounts of science.", "iiir5jDlsPI-00031-00022170-00022984": "There were impediments or barriers of two kinds,  legal barriers and invisible barriers.", "iiir5jDlsPI-00032-00022984-00023594": "Legal barriers because some institutions and scientific societies,", "iiir5jDlsPI-00033-00023594-00024168": "institutions of higher education, established legal impediments for the access of", "iiir5jDlsPI-00034-00024168-00024891": "women to those careers, for example, in the case of Spain, until 1910 there was a", "iiir5jDlsPI-00035-00024891-00025301": "series of legal barriers preventing women from accessing higher education.", "iiir5jDlsPI-00036-00025301-00026143": "And later, there were much more complicated barriers of an invisible type. This is the effect that", "iiir5jDlsPI-00037-00026143-00027118": "Margaret Rossiter called the Matilda effect, consisting in that negative or less important value", "iiir5jDlsPI-00038-00027118-00027569": "given to contributions by women compared to men or those glass-ceilings", "iiir5jDlsPI-00039-00027569-00028194": "with which some of  those barriers that", "iiir5jDlsPI-00040-00028194-00028863": "are not legal but invisible are currently described.  And finally, naturalisation. Some of these barriers,", "iiir5jDlsPI-00041-00028863-00029419": "some of these impediments, have been or have tried to be naturalised through scientific or medical speeches", "iiir5jDlsPI-00042-00029419-00029975": "like Whewell's which we discussed earlier. Despite these", "iiir5jDlsPI-00043-00029975-00030422": "situations, despite these barriers and despite these invisibilities, there have been", "iiir5jDlsPI-00044-00030422-00030934": "all kinds of contributions made by women throughout history and that", "iiir5jDlsPI-00045-00030934-00031584": "right now are being studied more and more. We know that there are, that there were, spaces", "iiir5jDlsPI-00046-00031584-00032062": "exclusively dedicated to the teaching of women, for example at the end of the nineteenth century.", "iiir5jDlsPI-00047-00032062-00032511": "There we see a chemistry teaching laboratory for women in St. Petersburg, here, we see a laboratory", "iiir5jDlsPI-00048-00032511-00033161": "in Madrid at the student residence at the beginning of the twentieth century.  And the subject of science and gender", "iiir5jDlsPI-00049-00033161-00033815": "continues to be a current topic,  a topic in which, despite the fact that there are", "iiir5jDlsPI-00050-00033815-00034490": "a lot of activities to establish greater equality", "iiir5jDlsPI-00051-00034490-00035200": "of opportunities, there are still a lot of issues that need to be addressed."}}, {"audio_id": "iiNLIFw48D4", "text": {"iiNLIFw48D4-00000-00003847-00004003": "Yeah fekinom", "iiNLIFw48D4-00001-00004003-00004103": "*smug laugh*", "iiNLIFw48D4-00002-00004103-00004303": "I'msobagilty gear will never be", "iiNLIFw48D4-00003-00004303-00004356": "that", "iiNLIFw48D4-00004-00004556-00004703": "that much-of-a-thing-for me where", "iiNLIFw48D4-00005-00004723-00005023": "I'mma be playin' it that thirsty", "iiNLIFw48D4-00006-00005023-00005073": "yeah so we", "iiNLIFw48D4-00007-00005073-00005440": "yeah I'mma turn that shit right off", "iiNLIFw48D4-00008-00005640-00005733": "Oh my GAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAD????", "iiNLIFw48D4-00009-00005803-00006100": "Fuckin' ... Squeaky Ass Clowns (tm)"}}, {"audio_id": "iiP5nsQvypc", "text": {"iiP5nsQvypc-00000-00000024-00000136": "ANNA RAFFERTY: So I'm Anna.", "iiP5nsQvypc-00001-00000136-00000314": "I'm an AI graduate student here.", "iiP5nsQvypc-00002-00000314-00000742": "I work sort of on the intersection between AI, artificial intelligence,", "iiP5nsQvypc-00003-00000742-00000911": "and cognitive science.", "iiP5nsQvypc-00004-00000911-00001336": "And I'm co-advised by Tom Griffiths in psychology, and Dan Klein here.", "iiP5nsQvypc-00005-00001336-00001682": "So AI-- big field.", "iiP5nsQvypc-00006-00001682-00002131": "I'm just going to do my best to give you an overview of some of the main ideas", "iiP5nsQvypc-00007-00002131-00002227": "and topics.", "iiP5nsQvypc-00008-00002227-00002531": "Obviously, I can't cover all of it, but hopefully this", "iiP5nsQvypc-00009-00002531-00002772": "will give you a sense of it.", "iiP5nsQvypc-00010-00002772-00003229": "This up there-- we have a robot bicyclists which is kind of cool.", "iiP5nsQvypc-00011-00003229-00003439": "And to get you thinking about some of things", "iiP5nsQvypc-00012-00003439-00003772": "we're going to talk about, with a robot, you have lots of things you need to do.", "iiP5nsQvypc-00013-00003772-00004130": "You need to be able to figure out the motion-- actually, for instance,", "iiP5nsQvypc-00014-00004130-00004431": "grasping the handlebars, those feet.", "iiP5nsQvypc-00015-00004431-00004628": "You also need to figure out images.", "iiP5nsQvypc-00016-00004628-00004868": "When I see an image, it's just pixels on the screen.", "iiP5nsQvypc-00017-00004868-00005220": "How do I figure out, for instance, whether it's a wall in front of me,", "iiP5nsQvypc-00018-00005220-00005583": "or just more pavement?", "iiP5nsQvypc-00019-00005583-00005923": "With more advanced robots, you need things like speech recognition, ability", "iiP5nsQvypc-00020-00005923-00006051": "to synthesize voices, etc.", "iiP5nsQvypc-00021-00006051-00006272": "So we're going to talk about some of those challenges", "iiP5nsQvypc-00022-00006272-00006647": "and also see a couple of videos so it'll be a good time.", "iiP5nsQvypc-00023-00006647-00006938": "So-- well, you know, we're going to start off", "iiP5nsQvypc-00024-00006938-00007069": "with just the definition of AI.", "iiP5nsQvypc-00025-00007069-00007780": "I think there's lots of confusion about what AI is or isn't, and so we'll", "iiP5nsQvypc-00026-00007780-00008009": "give a characteristic of that.", "iiP5nsQvypc-00027-00008009-00008537": "Some AI history-- so AI started off-- everybody was really excited,", "iiP5nsQvypc-00028-00008537-00008911": "and then there was a long period of AI's never going to work.", "iiP5nsQvypc-00029-00008911-00009119": "It's just not going to happen.", "iiP5nsQvypc-00030-00009119-00009282": "And then it is revived.", "iiP5nsQvypc-00031-00009282-00009470": "It's had lots of successes in recent years.", "iiP5nsQvypc-00032-00009470-00009770": "So why did that occur, and there was sort of a fundamental change in how", "iiP5nsQvypc-00033-00009770-00009940": "people thought about AI.", "iiP5nsQvypc-00034-00009940-00010185": "Then we'll get a tour of some of the cool areas of AI", "iiP5nsQvypc-00035-00010185-00010499": "and then step back to thinking about what does it", "iiP5nsQvypc-00036-00010499-00010630": "mean for a computer to think?", "iiP5nsQvypc-00037-00010630-00010800": "How should we characterize that?", "iiP5nsQvypc-00038-00010800-00011335": "So this is John McCarthy, who sadly passed away last October,", "iiP5nsQvypc-00039-00011335-00011638": "but he was one of the founders of AI at Stanford.", "iiP5nsQvypc-00040-00011638-00011975": "And he said that, \"AI is getting a computer", "iiP5nsQvypc-00041-00011975-00012491": "to do things which, when done by people, are said to involve intelligence.\"", "iiP5nsQvypc-00042-00012491-00012906": "So this ignores a lot of things like, well,", "iiP5nsQvypc-00043-00012906-00013182": "if a computer does something intelligent, what does that mean?", "iiP5nsQvypc-00044-00013182-00013412": "Do we have to change laws about what is a person, etc?", "iiP5nsQvypc-00045-00013412-00013538": "It finesses all of that.", "iiP5nsQvypc-00046-00013538-00013831": "It ignores things about consciousness, etc.", "iiP5nsQvypc-00047-00013831-00014177": "But it gets to the core issue of-- basically", "iiP5nsQvypc-00048-00014177-00014478": "we want computers to do things that seem sort of smart.", "iiP5nsQvypc-00049-00014478-00014647": "And what do we characterize as a smart?", "iiP5nsQvypc-00050-00014647-00014883": "Well, when people do things.", "iiP5nsQvypc-00051-00014883-00015322": "And so he's making that analogy between these things.", "iiP5nsQvypc-00052-00015322-00015647": "And so when people started off thinking about, how should we do AI?", "iiP5nsQvypc-00053-00015647-00015966": "How should we make computers do things that are supposed to be intelligent?", "iiP5nsQvypc-00054-00015966-00016065": "They started off small.", "iiP5nsQvypc-00055-00016065-00016434": "They said, well, I don't know.", "iiP5nsQvypc-00056-00016434-00016639": "I'm in the 1950s.", "iiP5nsQvypc-00057-00016639-00016806": "My computer doesn't run that fast.", "iiP5nsQvypc-00058-00016806-00016973": "I don't have that much processing power.", "iiP5nsQvypc-00059-00016973-00017240": "Let's start on sort of a small, miniature world,", "iiP5nsQvypc-00060-00017240-00017662": "and see how well we can do there, and so this began.", "iiP5nsQvypc-00061-00017662-00017961": "There's this big conference in 1956.", "iiP5nsQvypc-00062-00017961-00018132": "Some really cool projects were presented,", "iiP5nsQvypc-00063-00018132-00018557": "including with Allen Newell, sort of a pioneer in computer science,", "iiP5nsQvypc-00064-00018557-00018715": "presented a logic prover.", "iiP5nsQvypc-00065-00018715-00019049": "So you've probably-- high school geometry,", "iiP5nsQvypc-00066-00019049-00019471": "you had some sort of sentence, like, prove something about the angles", "iiP5nsQvypc-00067-00019471-00019736": "when two lines intersect.", "iiP5nsQvypc-00068-00019736-00020047": "And you had some axioms, and you had to go from those axioms", "iiP5nsQvypc-00069-00020047-00020262": "to proving that statement.", "iiP5nsQvypc-00070-00020262-00020575": "And so 1956, they had something that could", "iiP5nsQvypc-00071-00020575-00020978": "take things like that and-- actually logical sentences, but same idea--", "iiP5nsQvypc-00072-00020978-00021303": "and automatically prove various theorems,", "iiP5nsQvypc-00073-00021303-00021734": "including some theorems that hadn't ever been proven before.", "iiP5nsQvypc-00074-00021734-00021926": "So that people had failed to find a proof for,", "iiP5nsQvypc-00075-00021926-00022182": "their theorem prover was able to find a proof for.", "iiP5nsQvypc-00076-00022182-00022660": "Which is really quite cool, because you don't think of 1956 computers", "iiP5nsQvypc-00077-00022660-00022853": "as being able to do that.", "iiP5nsQvypc-00078-00022853-00023170": "And so people were really optimistic about this symbolic reasoning,", "iiP5nsQvypc-00079-00023170-00023324": "and rules and symbols approach.", "iiP5nsQvypc-00080-00023324-00023709": "So an approach where we have a limited set of things,", "iiP5nsQvypc-00081-00023709-00023940": "and we have discrete ways of going from one to another.", "iiP5nsQvypc-00082-00023940-00024475": "So there isn't a lot of uncertainty about what is this logical symbol, what", "iiP5nsQvypc-00083-00024475-00024762": "logical sentence is entailed next, you have set rules", "iiP5nsQvypc-00084-00024762-00024937": "for how you get from one thing to another.", "iiP5nsQvypc-00085-00024937-00025203": "And this seemed promising.", "iiP5nsQvypc-00086-00025203-00025528": "So another example was SHRDLU by Terry Winograd.", "iiP5nsQvypc-00087-00025528-00025856": "So this was-- he had a computer.", "iiP5nsQvypc-00088-00025856-00026066": "He had some blocks in this little mini world.", "iiP5nsQvypc-00089-00026066-00026279": "And it was just all on the screen, but the computer", "iiP5nsQvypc-00090-00026279-00026576": "could manipulate the blocks on the screen.", "iiP5nsQvypc-00091-00026576-00026833": "And it could actually work with natural language text,", "iiP5nsQvypc-00092-00026833-00027260": "so with-- asterisk, sort of limited natural language text.", "iiP5nsQvypc-00093-00027260-00027677": "But the person might type in, pick up a big red block,", "iiP5nsQvypc-00094-00027677-00027875": "and the computer does it.", "iiP5nsQvypc-00095-00027875-00028051": "Person says, grasp the pyramid.", "iiP5nsQvypc-00096-00028051-00028394": "And you'll notice in this image, there are a couple of pyramids.", "iiP5nsQvypc-00097-00028394-00028711": "So there's this green pyramid here, and this pink pyramid here.", "iiP5nsQvypc-00098-00028711-00028968": "The computer says, I don't understand which pyramid you mean.", "iiP5nsQvypc-00099-00028968-00029213": "So it figures out, like, sort of smart human might be, hey,", "iiP5nsQvypc-00100-00029213-00029376": "I don't know what you're talking about.", "iiP5nsQvypc-00101-00029376-00029601": "You need to give me more information.", "iiP5nsQvypc-00102-00029601-00029861": "And it also could do things like figure out somewhat more", "iiP5nsQvypc-00103-00029861-00029968": "complex natural language.", "iiP5nsQvypc-00104-00029968-00030331": "So the person says, find a block which is taller than the one you're holding,", "iiP5nsQvypc-00105-00030331-00030527": "and put it into the box.", "iiP5nsQvypc-00106-00030527-00030872": "So it-- you have to do a reference back to earlier", "iiP5nsQvypc-00107-00030872-00031018": "in the sentence to figure that out.", "iiP5nsQvypc-00108-00031018-00031324": "And that's actually-- in bigger text, figuring out", "iiP5nsQvypc-00109-00031324-00031612": "what it refers to is actually a really hard problem much of the time.", "iiP5nsQvypc-00110-00031612-00031947": "So they were like, hey, this computer can do it.", "iiP5nsQvypc-00111-00031947-00032373": "It's working well in these small limited rules and symbols worlds.", "iiP5nsQvypc-00112-00032373-00032575": "This is going to work out for us.", "iiP5nsQvypc-00113-00032575-00032824": "And so people are really, really optimistic.", "iiP5nsQvypc-00114-00032824-00033123": "There was also some research about neural networks.", "iiP5nsQvypc-00115-00033123-00033371": "So people said, hey, your brain is made up", "iiP5nsQvypc-00116-00033371-00033590": "of lots of little individual neurons.", "iiP5nsQvypc-00117-00033590-00033931": "They communicate to each other in relatively simple ways.", "iiP5nsQvypc-00118-00033931-00034194": "Maybe that can be something we use for artificial intelligence.", "iiP5nsQvypc-00119-00034194-00034565": "And so they had very simple neural networks, just a set of neurons", "iiP5nsQvypc-00120-00034565-00034773": "that you give some input to, they do something,", "iiP5nsQvypc-00121-00034773-00035198": "and then some neurons give some output, where neurons is", "iiP5nsQvypc-00122-00035198-00035479": "a small little function on a computer.", "iiP5nsQvypc-00123-00035479-00035826": "And again, they thought, hey, this is working pretty well.", "iiP5nsQvypc-00124-00035826-00036112": "But both of these approaches ran into major difficulties, such", "iiP5nsQvypc-00125-00036112-00036594": "that in the mid 70s, most funding for AI research got cut off.", "iiP5nsQvypc-00126-00036594-00036889": "People said AI is never going to work out.", "iiP5nsQvypc-00127-00036889-00037258": "Some people called the 1980s sort of the AI winter.", "iiP5nsQvypc-00128-00037258-00037480": "But what-- and why did this happen?", "iiP5nsQvypc-00129-00037480-00037668": "You might say, this seems to be working well.", "iiP5nsQvypc-00130-00037668-00037889": "We just need to scale it up.", "iiP5nsQvypc-00131-00037889-00038257": "So one thing to get you thinking about why that might not have worked out", "iiP5nsQvypc-00132-00038257-00038540": "is let's think about, all right, you have", "iiP5nsQvypc-00133-00038540-00038758": "something-- you want to program something that", "iiP5nsQvypc-00134-00038758-00038923": "figures out whether something is a dog.", "iiP5nsQvypc-00135-00038923-00039130": "So the first thing you might do is say, I", "iiP5nsQvypc-00136-00039130-00039745": "need a rule that tells me whether-- is-- do all dogs meet this rule?", "iiP5nsQvypc-00137-00039745-00040045": "One of the big problems that came up with the rules and symbols approach", "iiP5nsQvypc-00138-00040045-00040518": "was when you're working with the real world, things get a lot messier.", "iiP5nsQvypc-00139-00040518-00040769": "So you might say, well, all dogs have four legs.", "iiP5nsQvypc-00140-00040769-00041131": "But let's say my dog has an accident-- sadly, loses a leg.", "iiP5nsQvypc-00141-00041131-00041340": "It's still a dog, right?", "iiP5nsQvypc-00142-00041340-00041587": "Or what if you only see part of the dog?", "iiP5nsQvypc-00143-00041587-00041825": "You only see the dog's head and the rest of its occluded?", "iiP5nsQvypc-00144-00041825-00042076": "You still want to say it's a dog.", "iiP5nsQvypc-00145-00042076-00042381": "And this problem arises all the time with the rules and symbols approach.", "iiP5nsQvypc-00146-00042381-00042703": "When you're actually trying to deal with everything in the real world,", "iiP5nsQvypc-00147-00042703-00042994": "it gets a lot more complicated.", "iiP5nsQvypc-00148-00042994-00043491": "So one of the key ideas they had when AI came back--", "iiP5nsQvypc-00149-00043491-00043732": "so AI started having success again-- was to think", "iiP5nsQvypc-00150-00043732-00043967": "about probabilities and uncertainty.", "iiP5nsQvypc-00151-00043967-00044412": "So people brought in some statistics and some probability and said,", "iiP5nsQvypc-00152-00044412-00044736": "this isn't going to be possible to define exactly this is this,", "iiP5nsQvypc-00153-00044736-00044825": "this is that.", "iiP5nsQvypc-00154-00044825-00045108": "We have one hard rule that separates everything.", "iiP5nsQvypc-00155-00045108-00045453": "They said, well, rather than trying to specify a dog exactly,", "iiP5nsQvypc-00156-00045453-00045800": "what's the probability that the image I'm looking at is a dog?", "iiP5nsQvypc-00157-00045800-00046185": "So turning things into, let me figure out the most likely thing,", "iiP5nsQvypc-00158-00046185-00046567": "rather than I have to have explicit rules-- this or that.", "iiP5nsQvypc-00159-00046567-00046820": "And so you might think about it like speech recognition.", "iiP5nsQvypc-00160-00046820-00047032": "The sound waves coming from my mouth, they", "iiP5nsQvypc-00161-00047032-00047521": "don't sound exactly like some-- really like anyone else", "iiP5nsQvypc-00162-00047521-00047711": "when they say the exact same words.", "iiP5nsQvypc-00163-00047711-00048032": "But a speech recognition system can figure out", "iiP5nsQvypc-00164-00048032-00048439": "that the most likely sequence of words that I'm saying", "iiP5nsQvypc-00165-00048439-00048638": "is some particular sequence.", "iiP5nsQvypc-00166-00048638-00049210": "And that's been really key for making most AI systems work today.", "iiP5nsQvypc-00167-00049210-00049443": "So one thing you might have seen-- if any of you guys", "iiP5nsQvypc-00168-00049443-00049779": "saw Watson play Jeopardy-- I think that was last year.", "iiP5nsQvypc-00169-00049779-00049988": "So it was a computer program that played Jeopardy.", "iiP5nsQvypc-00170-00049988-00050291": "And it was really neat that one of the things it did", "iiP5nsQvypc-00171-00050291-00050565": "is it gave its confidence, so it had a confidence rating.", "iiP5nsQvypc-00172-00050565-00051091": "If it was some cutoff threshold percent sure, then it would be beep in.", "iiP5nsQvypc-00173-00051091-00051228": "It would give an answer.", "iiP5nsQvypc-00174-00051228-00051813": "So it had some idea how likely it was it was right, rather than just I'm right.", "iiP5nsQvypc-00175-00051813-00051872": "I'm not right.", "iiP5nsQvypc-00176-00051872-00052083": "I can't produce an answer."}}, {"audio_id": "iiVBXLHCaHY", "text": {"iiVBXLHCaHY-00000-00000034-00000302": "Hello", "iiVBXLHCaHY-00001-00000302-00000600": "I will share with you the way", "iiVBXLHCaHY-00002-00000600-00000944": "How to clean a cast-iron pan from soot and old fat", "iiVBXLHCaHY-00003-00000954-00001193": "I have 3", "iiVBXLHCaHY-00004-00001258-00001570": "I used to cook in them on a gas stove", "iiVBXLHCaHY-00005-00001570-00001848": "Now I have an induction cooker", "iiVBXLHCaHY-00006-00001848-00002162": "And these pans are not suitable for my stove", "iiVBXLHCaHY-00008-00002288-00002424": "don't want to throw away", "iiVBXLHCaHY-00009-00002438-00002718": "need to clean the pans", "iiVBXLHCaHY-00010-00002742-00003018": "I do not need them", "iiVBXLHCaHY-00011-00003018-00003320": "i will give my sister", "iiVBXLHCaHY-00012-00003395-00003611": "there is soot in the pan", "iiVBXLHCaHY-00014-00003961-00004241": "in this state I will not give", "iiVBXLHCaHY-00017-00004777-00005084": "we have a cast-iron frying pan for a long time, more than twenty years", "iiVBXLHCaHY-00020-00005798-00006098": "and I am very pleased with this pan", "iiVBXLHCaHY-00021-00006098-00006382": "Now I will clean them", "iiVBXLHCaHY-00022-00006382-00006600": "clean with a 10% solution of ammonia", "iiVBXLHCaHY-00023-00006635-00006965": "ammonia 10%", "iiVBXLHCaHY-00024-00006965-00007273": "there is an instruction for use", "iiVBXLHCaHY-00027-00007702-00008252": "I bought it in an ordinary hardware store, you can buy it in a pharmacy", "iiVBXLHCaHY-00028-00008252-00008320": "200 ml.", "iiVBXLHCaHY-00030-00008569-00008847": "at the pharmacy is more expensive", "iiVBXLHCaHY-00034-00009770-00010056": "apply ammonia to pans", "iiVBXLHCaHY-00035-00010056-00010238": "Now I will show how I do it", "iiVBXLHCaHY-00037-00010431-00010594": "unscrew the knobs first", "iiVBXLHCaHY-00039-00012438-00012706": "take two trash bags", "iiVBXLHCaHY-00040-00012710-00013040": "put pans in them", "iiVBXLHCaHY-00041-00013078-00013391": "packages must be undamaged", "iiVBXLHCaHY-00043-00013680-00013996": "to clothe respirator and gloves", "iiVBXLHCaHY-00045-00014161-00014396": "there is a pungent odor from ammonia", "iiVBXLHCaHY-00046-00014504-00014721": "pour 50 - 100 ml.", "iiVBXLHCaHY-00047-00014774-00014983": "over the entire surface", "iiVBXLHCaHY-00048-00015268-00015411": "tie tightly", "iiVBXLHCaHY-00049-00015499-00015601": "take out to fresh air", "iiVBXLHCaHY-00050-00018106-00018402": "24 hours have passed", "iiVBXLHCaHY-00051-00018402-00018714": "open and see the result", "iiVBXLHCaHY-00056-00019798-00020091": "periodically need to flip", "iiVBXLHCaHY-00058-00020385-00020637": "I knotted poorly and part of the ammonia spilled", "iiVBXLHCaHY-00061-00021139-00021429": "this is how a cast-iron frying pan looks like", "iiVBXLHCaHY-00062-00021429-00021609": "she was in poor condition", "iiVBXLHCaHY-00065-00022179-00022363": "as you can see, old fat easily leaves", "iiVBXLHCaHY-00069-00024218-00024528": "seen how easily removed", "iiVBXLHCaHY-00070-00024528-00024860": "can be cleaned with a metal sponge", "iiVBXLHCaHY-00071-00024888-00025204": "and our pan will be like new", "iiVBXLHCaHY-00074-00026730-00027064": "I cleaned the pan from both sides", "iiVBXLHCaHY-00075-00027177-00027282": "that's how she looks", "iiVBXLHCaHY-00078-00027923-00028214": "she instantly starts to rust", "iiVBXLHCaHY-00079-00028214-00028539": "pour hot water into a sink or a suitable container", "iiVBXLHCaHY-00080-00028720-00028850": "put a frying pan there", "iiVBXLHCaHY-00081-00028888-00029042": "and pour vinegar there", "iiVBXLHCaHY-00082-00029379-00029611": "vinegar 9% pour a little", "iiVBXLHCaHY-00084-00029836-00030052": "and leave for about 20-30 minutes", "iiVBXLHCaHY-00085-00030086-00030360": "what are we doing this for?", "iiVBXLHCaHY-00086-00030360-00030661": "to remove microparticles of iron oxide from the pores", "iiVBXLHCaHY-00087-00030661-00030956": "so I will leave for 20-30 minutes", "iiVBXLHCaHY-00089-00031216-00031562": "take out our pan", "iiVBXLHCaHY-00090-00031582-00031918": "wash under running water", "iiVBXLHCaHY-00092-00032223-00032519": "then we need to warm it up so that the water evaporates", "iiVBXLHCaHY-00093-00032615-00032930": "turn on the stove", "iiVBXLHCaHY-00095-00033242-00033532": "warm the pan", "iiVBXLHCaHY-00097-00033829-00034137": "we will restore the natural layer, so that in the future nothing will stick to the pan", "iiVBXLHCaHY-00099-00034422-00034730": "we will grease the pan with a thin layer of linseed oil", "iiVBXLHCaHY-00100-00034730-00035036": "can be olive or sunflower", "iiVBXLHCaHY-00101-00035288-00035590": "my frying pan is heated", "iiVBXLHCaHY-00102-00035590-00035709": "take oil", "iiVBXLHCaHY-00105-00036240-00036536": "pour oil on a cloth", "iiVBXLHCaHY-00113-00038699-00038883": "on both sides grease the pan", "iiVBXLHCaHY-00115-00039275-00039508": "we will heat the pan on the stove", "iiVBXLHCaHY-00116-00039508-00039841": "and then we will calcine the pan in the oven", "iiVBXLHCaHY-00119-00040738-00040991": "be careful, the pan is very hot", "iiVBXLHCaHY-00122-00041778-00042064": "to restore the non-stick layer, you must do so", "iiVBXLHCaHY-00124-00042325-00042616": "a lot of rust", "iiVBXLHCaHY-00126-00042882-00043173": "calcine the pan on the stove", "iiVBXLHCaHY-00127-00043174-00043472": "5 minutes is enough", "iiVBXLHCaHY-00128-00043472-00043628": "don't forget to open the window", "iiVBXLHCaHY-00133-00044778-00045088": "repeat the oil treatment three times", "iiVBXLHCaHY-00134-00045088-00045416": "why are we doing this?", "iiVBXLHCaHY-00135-00045416-00045696": "so that a protective polymer film forms on the surface of the pan", "iiVBXLHCaHY-00136-00045696-00045816": "then the pan will serve us for a very long time", "iiVBXLHCaHY-00139-00046534-00046794": "without such a protective film, the cast-iron pan will rust", "iiVBXLHCaHY-00148-00049055-00049346": "lubricate the last third time", "iiVBXLHCaHY-00150-00049638-00049921": "this procedure can be repeated up to ten times", "iiVBXLHCaHY-00156-00051386-00051620": "now well grease the pan with oil and we will already calcine the pan in the oven", "iiVBXLHCaHY-00158-00052117-00052410": "the pan became beautiful and the rust layer became much smaller", "iiVBXLHCaHY-00160-00052808-00053150": "everything, send it to the oven", "iiVBXLHCaHY-00162-00053338-00053569": "temperature 250 degrees Fahrenheit for 15 minutes", "iiVBXLHCaHY-00164-00054049-00054399": "look what happened after the first baking of the pan in the oven", "iiVBXLHCaHY-00165-00054440-00054574": "the pan has become simply gorgeous", "iiVBXLHCaHY-00168-00055029-00055329": "if desired, the procedure can be repeated again", "iiVBXLHCaHY-00170-00056015-00056287": "it looks on the other hand", "iiVBXLHCaHY-00172-00057017-00057356": "after the skillet is baked in the oven", "iiVBXLHCaHY-00173-00057392-00057674": "we turn off the oven and leave the pan to cool completely", "iiVBXLHCaHY-00176-00058268-00058561": "Never cool the pan under cold water.", "iiVBXLHCaHY-00177-00058561-00058888": "cast iron pan will burst", "iiVBXLHCaHY-00178-00059008-00059317": "so my dear friends. My pans are again like new", "iiVBXLHCaHY-00183-00060498-00060831": "I hope you enjoyed my advice and your pans will last you a very long time.", "iiVBXLHCaHY-00185-00061196-00061361": "all my pans are clean", "iiVBXLHCaHY-00187-00061534-00061814": "have become like new. and suitable for future use", "iiVBXLHCaHY-00191-00062979-00063284": "Of course you choose, use this method or find another", "iiVBXLHCaHY-00193-00063451-00063724": "but, in my opinion, this method is effective if you look at the cast-iron pan, what it was and what it became after using this cleaning", "iiVBXLHCaHY-00200-00065529-00065852": "Bye everyone, subscribe to my channel", "iiVBXLHCaHY-00201-00065884-00066070": "Good luck to all"}}, {"audio_id": "ij1s7NZp0wu", "text": {"ij1s7NZp0wu-00000-00000076-00000613": "These languages see the relations between one another,", "ij1s7NZp0wu-00001-00000683-00001021": "like German with ancient Greek and English with German.", "ij1s7NZp0wu-00002-00001234-00001532": "But they are all fractured, only together they create the wholeness", "ij1s7NZp0wu-00003-00001648-00002055": "of the nostratic Hungarian language.", "ij1s7NZp0wu-00004-00002288-00002399": "Why isn't this taught in schools?", "ij1s7NZp0wu-00005-00002455-00002760": "In the late 17th and early 19th century Europe got swollen up", "ij1s7NZp0wu-00006-00002872-00003191": "by strange doctrines.", "ij1s7NZp0wu-00007-00003383-00003968": "One of these was the philosophy of superiority or Übermensch.", "ij1s7NZp0wu-00008-00004330-00004481": "As we know it ended up bad.", "ij1s7NZp0wu-00009-00004650-00004911": "Because the Europeans thought that in everything", "ij1s7NZp0wu-00010-00004995-00005556": "they are the most advanced, culturally or linguistically.", "ij1s7NZp0wu-00011-00006185-00006406": "In the 19th century based on poor knowledge", "ij1s7NZp0wu-00012-00006534-00006936": "such doctrines and mentality were born.", "ij1s7NZp0wu-00013-00007202-00007417": "One of them is the Indo-Europeanism witch stated", "ij1s7NZp0wu-00014-00007508-00007808": "that westerners are descendants of these people.", "ij1s7NZp0wu-00015-00007908-00008184": "Since than we know this isn't true. There never was such a thing.", "ij1s7NZp0wu-00016-00008282-00008670": "No such culture or language.", "ij1s7NZp0wu-00017-00008717-00009067": "The problem is that based on this whole nation's identities", "ij1s7NZp0wu-00018-00009132-00009341": "were built.", "ij1s7NZp0wu-00019-00009435-00009836": "Withdrawing Indo-Europeanism officially or the concept of an Aryan race,", "ij1s7NZp0wu-00020-00009889-00010404": "would mean the collapse of today's authority system.", "ij1s7NZp0wu-00021-00010719-00011071": "This is just one of many examples how the worlds", "ij1s7NZp0wu-00022-00011195-00011622": "ruling system was built.", "ij1s7NZp0wu-00023-00012507-00012810": "In the olden times in Europe life was peaceful.", "ij1s7NZp0wu-00024-00012907-00013188": "Then invading hordes broke in taking in their hands the leadership.", "ij1s7NZp0wu-00025-00013397-00013929": "One of these is the Kurgan culture,  actually the Kurgan in-culture.", "ij1s7NZp0wu-00026-00013997-00014975": "And so on they become the ruling class on up on another.", "ij1s7NZp0wu-00027-00015155-00015429": "The people’s masses never changed.The linguistic and cultural relation", "ij1s7NZp0wu-00028-00015626-00015933": "can easily be proved in any of them.", "ij1s7NZp0wu-00029-00016061-00016721": "Only the ruling class changed, becoming perpetual.", "ij1s7NZp0wu-00030-00017523-00017857": "The same thing might be said about our fate here in the Carpathian-Basin.", "ij1s7NZp0wu-00031-00018012-00018277": "The arrival of the Huns, which is a total insanity.", "ij1s7NZp0wu-00032-00018405-00018951": "Imagine as, the Carp.-Basin is empty than the Huns came.", "ij1s7NZp0wu-00033-00019003-00019145": "The Carpathian-Basin is now full.", "ij1s7NZp0wu-00034-00019214-00019514": "They were about 20 thousand, let’s not kid ourselves here.", "ij1s7NZp0wu-00035-00019707-00020416": "Then the Hun leadership left - the basin is empty again.", "ij1s7NZp0wu-00036-00020726-00020950": "The Avars come, it is full again. The Avar khanate collapses.", "ij1s7NZp0wu-00037-00021371-00021926": "The basin is empty once more.", "ij1s7NZp0wu-00038-00022148-00022520": "Oh, my! Then the Magyar tribes appear - the basin is filled anew.", "ij1s7NZp0wu-00039-00022663-00022880": "It is such a fairy tale, it blows you away.", "ij1s7NZp0wu-00040-00022966-00023168": "It's as if we would say: the Carp.-Basin is empty,", "ij1s7NZp0wu-00041-00023240-00023431": "then the Soviets came.", "ij1s7NZp0wu-00042-00023493-00023859": "The soviet soldiers left, now the basin is empty again.", "ij1s7NZp0wu-00043-00024026-00024277": "Pure nonsense. The native people remained the same.", "ij1s7NZp0wu-00044-00024320-00024536": "In some parts they were destroyed, but not here in the Carpathian-Basin", "ij1s7NZp0wu-00045-00024598-00024912": "'cause Huns, Avars and Magyars were all related.", "ij1s7NZp0wu-00046-00024994-00025357": "All Scythian nations of Scythian ruling dynasty.", "ij1s7NZp0wu-00047-00025758-00026102": "Well now, why is there need of this constant migration of people?", "ij1s7NZp0wu-00048-00026224-00026483": "To justify the false statement that Magyars arrived", "ij1s7NZp0wu-00049-00026580-00027242": "in the Carp.-Basin only in 895", "ij1s7NZp0wu-00050-00027318-00027605": "and until then there wasn't any one of them anywhere to be found.", "ij1s7NZp0wu-00051-00027666-00028001": "This is essential 'cause the false doctrine of", "ij1s7NZp0wu-00052-00028064-00028542": "Indo-Europeanism, the Magyar Settlement theory (HUN. Honfoglalás),", "ij1s7NZp0wu-00053-00028643-00028844": "the Finno-Ugric theory lays the basis of historical falsehood", "ij1s7NZp0wu-00054-00029010-00029606": "that takes into account the Slavic theory as well.", "ij1s7NZp0wu-00055-00030285-00030529": "The so called Honfoglalás (Magyar Settlement) wasn't", "ij1s7NZp0wu-00056-00030582-00030895": "a whole nation's migration, but only the seven Magyar tribes", "ij1s7NZp0wu-00057-00031031-00031241": "that arrived in the Carp.-Basin led by the Magyar Lords (Megyeri Urak).", "ij1s7NZp0wu-00058-00031286-00031508": "Who became the ruling dynasty, creating a miracle in only few years", "ij1s7NZp0wu-00059-00031570-00031718": "becoming one of Europe's strongest empires.", "ij1s7NZp0wu-00060-00031779-00031986": "This is what we were before as well actually,", "ij1s7NZp0wu-00061-00032045-00032188": "during the Avar Khanate.", "ij1s7NZp0wu-00062-00032247-00032750": "The Byzantines paid tribute to the avars and not the other way around.", "ij1s7NZp0wu-00063-00033302-00033503": "So, the Indo-Europeanism, Finno-Ugrism and Magyar Settlement theory", "ij1s7NZp0wu-00064-00033602-00034136": "are the three pillars of Europe's false history.", "ij1s7NZp0wu-00065-00034455-00034792": "The downfall of the spirituality of the nostratic language", "ij1s7NZp0wu-00066-00034892-00035045": "is by all means the human spirit's degradation.", "ij1s7NZp0wu-00067-00035106-00035620": "It is a very bad course and can not lead to anything good at all.", "ij1s7NZp0wu-00068-00035942-00036357": "It will end up very badly.", "ij1s7NZp0wu-00069-00036527-00036681": "For the worldview is not whole, unclear.", "ij1s7NZp0wu-00070-00036746-00037392": "In our case we have to be very careful. We must not let foreign words enter our", "ij1s7NZp0wu-00071-00037448-00037678": "language.", "ij1s7NZp0wu-00072-00037775-00038119": "Those were also ours, but got disfigured,  their meanings changed, misinterpreted.", "ij1s7NZp0wu-00073-00040304-00040570": "It is important to keep the original spirit of the language.", "ij1s7NZp0wu-00074-00040713-00041245": "Why? 'Cause we still bear the wholeness of the world's spirit in our language.", "ij1s7NZp0wu-00075-00042162-00042531": "In our case we are a spiritual gene bank.", "ij1s7NZp0wu-00076-00042650-00042911": "The language holds an almost eternal ancient knowledge and wisdom of the", "ij1s7NZp0wu-00077-00042993-00043650": "olden times. One has only to know how to dig it out.", "ij1s7NZp0wu-00078-00043805-00044631": "It is such a treasure we must all protect as the last chance for us to become", "ij1s7NZp0wu-00079-00044709-00045246": "spiritually in touch with the wholeness of the Universe again."}}, {"audio_id": "ijg06SZbd5c", "text": {"ijg06SZbd5c-00000-00000045-00000145": "Hi!", "ijg06SZbd5c-00001-00000145-00000534": "Today is about \"to make someone happy.\"", "ijg06SZbd5c-00002-00000534-00001342": "I will tell you right away what is this about, I will read you a story that I read it at", "ijg06SZbd5c-00003-00001342-00001463": "Gratian Sonu's conference.", "ijg06SZbd5c-00004-00001463-00001766": "\"I feel that I feel.", "ijg06SZbd5c-00005-00001766-00002544": "Before I was not saying that I feel because I did not knew what is it.For me to feel it", "ijg06SZbd5c-00006-00002544-00003275": "was a word, it was something that I thought I knew.Now I feel frustrations too,fears,sadness", "ijg06SZbd5c-00007-00003275-00003454": "but also joy, happiness,patience.", "ijg06SZbd5c-00008-00003454-00003901": "There are still emotions that I only understand, I don't feel them but I know once started", "ijg06SZbd5c-00009-00003901-00004052": "I feel to touch everything, all the emotions.", "ijg06SZbd5c-00010-00004052-00004498": "That's how I feel that I live, when I feel that I feel.\"", "ijg06SZbd5c-00011-00004498-00005085": "Is written by Ene Emilian Ciprian and I made him a surprise, he did not knew I will read", "ijg06SZbd5c-00012-00005085-00005198": "his poetry on stage.", "ijg06SZbd5c-00013-00005198-00005853": "I think to make someone happy makes you happy and obvious it gets back to you hundredfold.", "ijg06SZbd5c-00014-00005853-00005992": "What is your opinion?", "ijg06SZbd5c-00015-00005992-00006042": "Bye!"}}, {"audio_id": "ija1Ve2ROV4", "text": {"ija1Ve2ROV4-00000-00000000-00001250": "How to open the rear hatch door manually on a Prius Plus (Prius V in the US) when your 12V battery is dead, switch is broken, key is missing etc.", "ija1Ve2ROV4-00001-00001290-00001800": "Locate this cover on the inside of the hatch door.", "ija1Ve2ROV4-00002-00001800-00002640": "Put a screwdriver in the narrow gap at the top-right corner of the cover and pry it open.", "ija1Ve2ROV4-00003-00002640-00003370": "Then do the same in the top-left corner.", "ija1Ve2ROV4-00004-00004008-00005100": "Find the small silver lever in the middle of the black locking mechanism.", "ija1Ve2ROV4-00005-00005300-00006316": "Pull the lever to the right to open the door."}}, {"audio_id": "ijcHNRHsadg", "text": {"ijcHNRHsadg-00000-00000000-00000300": "Welcome to this LibreOffice Writer video", "ijcHNRHsadg-00001-00000300-00001000": "How to set different bullets in a list e.g. plus & minus points", "ijcHNRHsadg-00002-00001000-00001500": "With the toolbar you quickly create a list...", "ijcHNRHsadg-00003-00001500-00002000": "whose look can be modified", "ijcHNRHsadg-00004-00002000-00002600": "Right click> Bullets & Numbering", "ijcHNRHsadg-00005-00002600-00003200": "1st problem: changes apply to all the entries of the same level in the list", "ijcHNRHsadg-00006-00003200-00003800": "2nd problem: the tool always applies the default format", "ijcHNRHsadg-00007-00003800-00004500": "Customizations have to be redone if we have other lists in the document", "ijcHNRHsadg-00008-00004500-00005400": "Rather than using this button we will use the List styles", "ijcHNRHsadg-00009-00005400-00006200": "Apply is as fast as the button: a double click is enough", "ijcHNRHsadg-00010-00006200-00007600": "Now, the customizations are reapplied everywhere", "ijcHNRHsadg-00011-00007900-00009000": "And if we change our mind, changes are reflected everywhere", "ijcHNRHsadg-00012-00009300-00010000": "The bullets can be chosen from those proposed by default,", "ijcHNRHsadg-00013-00010000-00010700": "or in a choice of images stored in the gallery,", "ijcHNRHsadg-00014-00010700-00011900": "we can also customize by choosing a character (eg OpenSymbol)", "ijcHNRHsadg-00015-00013000-00013900": "or an image from a file", "ijcHNRHsadg-00016-00014400-00015100": "To set 2 bullets in the same list (eg. + and - )", "ijcHNRHsadg-00017-00015100-00015500": "we can first use 2 different styles", "ijcHNRHsadg-00018-00015500-00016400": "Create a new style to give it a meaningful name (eg. plus)", "ijcHNRHsadg-00019-00016400-00018200": "Options: Bullet, Font: eg. OpenSymbol", "ijcHNRHsadg-00020-00018500-00019000": "To apply: double click the name", "ijcHNRHsadg-00021-00019000-00019500": "We create the style for the minus", "ijcHNRHsadg-00022-00023000-00023700": "You can also use only one style by setting different bullets for level 1 and 2", "ijcHNRHsadg-00023-00023700-00024700": "Create a new style", "ijcHNRHsadg-00024-00024700-00025100": "we set level by level", "ijcHNRHsadg-00025-00025100-00026500": "Level 1: Font OpenSymbol +", "ijcHNRHsadg-00026-00026500-00027100": "Level 2: Font OpenSymbol -", "ijcHNRHsadg-00027-00027150-00030000": "Position tab: same settings for level 1 & 2", "ijcHNRHsadg-00028-00030000-00030500": "Apply by double-click", "ijcHNRHsadg-00029-00031000-00033000": "You can use the toolbar to change the level", "ijcHNRHsadg-00030-00033000-00035000": "To remove bullets created by a style click in the toolbar, as we would for a no-style list"}}, {"audio_id": "ikG4tvDltUA", "text": {"ikG4tvDltUA-00000-00001144-00001604": "Interviewer: I wanted to talk to you first about your research into coral coring. Could", "ikG4tvDltUA-00001-00001604-00001914": "you describe what coral coring is and why you do it?", "ikG4tvDltUA-00002-00001914-00002530": "Greg: Yes, so the coring we're doing is a bit unusual. A lot of people core individual", "ikG4tvDltUA-00003-00002530-00003166": "corals where they'll go out with scuba, find a large coral bommie, and they'll core into", "ikG4tvDltUA-00004-00003166-00003693": "that to get a recent paleoclimate record because the corals, sort of like trees, they have", "ikG4tvDltUA-00005-00003693-00004135": "annual growth bands that you can count and see which year is which, and then we can perform", "ikG4tvDltUA-00006-00004135-00004861": "geochemical analyses and get temperature, pH, water quality, a lot of different sort", "ikG4tvDltUA-00007-00004861-00005181": "of information, but it's dated.", "ikG4tvDltUA-00008-00005181-00005792": "The coring we're doing here is on a coring platform. We're getting reef cores where,", "ikG4tvDltUA-00009-00005792-00006223": "instead of finding an individual coral out on the reef front, we're drilling through", "ikG4tvDltUA-00010-00006223-00006841": "the reef flat, straight down, in order to get the historical record of the last 8,000", "ikG4tvDltUA-00011-00006841-00007668": "to 9,000 years of reef growth. You get all the things a reef is made of. You get corals.", "ikG4tvDltUA-00012-00007668-00008165": "You also get sand, gravel, all the things you see on a coral reef maybe accumulated", "ikG4tvDltUA-00013-00008165-00008820": "underneath where you're coring. That way, we can get records, when we get individual", "ikG4tvDltUA-00014-00008820-00009528": "corals, of water temperature, pH, water quality back through the last thousands and thousands", "ikG4tvDltUA-00015-00009528-00009869": "of years. It's basically paleoclimate data.", "ikG4tvDltUA-00016-00009869-00010410": "Interviewer: How far down do you have to get 9,000 years’ worth of data?", "ikG4tvDltUA-00017-00010410-00011174": "Greg: Well, the modern Great Barrier reef is only about 8,000 to 9,000 years old, and", "ikG4tvDltUA-00018-00011174-00011772": "it's sitting on top of a limestone plateau that was made by the last coral reef when", "ikG4tvDltUA-00019-00011772-00012551": "sea level was this high during the last interglacial, so about 130, 120,000 years ago. That made", "ikG4tvDltUA-00020-00012551-00013144": "a reef. Then of course sea level fell down to as low as 130 meters lower than modern.", "ikG4tvDltUA-00021-00013144-00013637": "Then it's come back up. It was only 8,000, 9,000 years ago when you flooded those old", "ikG4tvDltUA-00022-00013637-00014447": "Pleistocene, the last reef, which was high and dry all in between, and, as sea level", "ikG4tvDltUA-00023-00014447-00014746": "came up, the reef could grow back up under it.", "ikG4tvDltUA-00024-00014746-00015343": "Our research is much concerned with: how fast did the reef reestablish once you flooded", "ikG4tvDltUA-00025-00015343-00015962": "on top of this limestone, and then how fast did it grow up? Did it keep up with sea level", "ikG4tvDltUA-00026-00015962-00016684": "as sea level rose during the deglacial as your rising sea level back up to modern levels?", "ikG4tvDltUA-00027-00016684-00017156": "Did it keep up with that, or did it lag behind that? Then, once it did catch up, the reef", "ikG4tvDltUA-00028-00017156-00017535": "has to grow sideways because the corals and the reef can't grow out of the water. They", "ikG4tvDltUA-00029-00017535-00018137": "can't just keep going vertically. Wherever you get this core down, you'll only get one", "ikG4tvDltUA-00030-00018137-00018624": "growth increment, but out here you'll get maybe younger corals because it reached sea", "ikG4tvDltUA-00031-00018624-00019260": "level here, and then it starts growing laterally, and so your young things maybe in another", "ikG4tvDltUA-00032-00019260-00019941": "direction seaward. We're getting nests of these cores in order to get the full picture", "ikG4tvDltUA-00033-00019941-00020351": "of the vertical reef growth and the lateral reef growth.", "ikG4tvDltUA-00034-00020351-00020885": "Interviewer: I guess, looking in the past gives you some pictures into how corals can", "ikG4tvDltUA-00035-00020885-00021115": "adapt to changing conditions then?", "ikG4tvDltUA-00036-00021115-00021779": "Greg: Yes, exactly. The ultimate changing condition is this was limestone with kangaroos", "ikG4tvDltUA-00037-00021779-00022645": "jumping on it before it got flooded. You’ve changed that. You've had to wash off the plants,", "ikG4tvDltUA-00038-00022645-00023254": "any soil that developed. You've had to clean it up as rainwaters came in. Then, at some", "ikG4tvDltUA-00039-00023254-00023829": "point, you had those corals that reestablished the reef. The entire Great Barrier Reef was", "ikG4tvDltUA-00040-00023829-00024571": "high and dry, so you had to get larvae in and build it up afresh in that little amount", "ikG4tvDltUA-00041-00024571-00025349": "of time through the Holocene. Understanding: did you start with different communities,", "ikG4tvDltUA-00042-00025349-00025889": "did you have these great pioneer coral communities that started the reef off, and then they shifted", "ikG4tvDltUA-00043-00025889-00026456": "into the coral communities we know now—there's all kinds of questions like that, and the", "ikG4tvDltUA-00044-00026456-00026752": "only way we can answer them is by doing this.", "ikG4tvDltUA-00045-00026752-00027313": "Interviewer: Have you found that corals do recover or they are able to adapt to changing", "ikG4tvDltUA-00046-00027313-00027462": "conditions quite quickly?", "ikG4tvDltUA-00047-00027462-00027958": "Greg: Well, yes. Quickly is an interesting question. We're looking at thousands of years", "ikG4tvDltUA-00048-00027958-00028753": "of data. How quick is quick? That's the real problem with the problems we face with human-induced", "ikG4tvDltUA-00049-00028753-00029272": "climate change. We may be changing things quicker than they've happened in nature.", "ikG4tvDltUA-00050-00029272-00029855": "As a geologist, I never worried much about coral reefs for a lot of years because they're", "ikG4tvDltUA-00051-00029855-00030631": "able to come back from being dead. This reef was dead only 10,000 years ago, at least here.", "ikG4tvDltUA-00052-00030631-00031222": "There were corals out in the Coral Sea somewhere in refugia. We know that there were corals", "ikG4tvDltUA-00053-00031222-00031978": "along the continental shelf edge that Integrated Ocean Drilling Program drilled some time ago.", "ikG4tvDltUA-00054-00031978-00032583": "Those reefs—now we have some data. There were reefs off, but the Great Barrier Reef", "ikG4tvDltUA-00055-00032583-00033259": "was gone entirely. Through the Quaternary, we've had glacial-interglacial cycles at 100,000-years", "ikG4tvDltUA-00056-00033259-00033738": "to 40,000-years cycles, and so the reef’s dead; reef comes back; reef’s dead; reef", "ikG4tvDltUA-00057-00033738-00034475": "comes back. It gave us a bit of a false sense of security about resilience. That's why we", "ikG4tvDltUA-00058-00034475-00034706": "think so much about resilience.", "ikG4tvDltUA-00059-00034706-00035318": "Of course then you have the work about intermediate disturbance that maybe the diversity on reefs", "ikG4tvDltUA-00060-00035318-00035762": "is because cyclones come through, wiped things out every now and then, new corals have a", "ikG4tvDltUA-00061-00035762-00036325": "chance to get a foothold, and you never go to this climax community where you're dominated", "ikG4tvDltUA-00062-00036325-00036858": "by the one coral that's best at doing what it's doing. We think, “Wow, corals like", "ikG4tvDltUA-00063-00036858-00037459": "to live in these incredibly fierce environments.” Sea level is a rough place to be, storms and", "ikG4tvDltUA-00064-00037459-00037955": "waves, and you go from the beautiful glassy weather that we had fortunately last week", "ikG4tvDltUA-00065-00037955-00038655": "to the kind of windy wavy stuff. Of course, the cyclone—it moves blocks that can be", "ikG4tvDltUA-00066-00038655-00039381": "10 meters in diameter around. I mean, it just bashes everything. It kills globs of coral", "ikG4tvDltUA-00067-00039381-00039596": "and everything.", "ikG4tvDltUA-00068-00039596-00040303": "Reefs inhabit that environment. They're happy to do that. That's what they do. Everybody", "ikG4tvDltUA-00069-00040303-00040844": "thinks, \"Wow, coral reefs can handle about anything. They're tough.\" Of course then you", "ikG4tvDltUA-00070-00040844-00041424": "throw in people, and you fish on them, and you change coastal process, you degrade water", "ikG4tvDltUA-00071-00041424-00042068": "quality. Now with global warming, the other horrible thing about corals is they commonly", "ikG4tvDltUA-00072-00042068-00042650": "grow best right at the tolerance of the temperature that will inevitably kill them. They like", "ikG4tvDltUA-00073-00042650-00043312": "to live on the edge, thrill-seekers in so many ways. If you make it a little bit warmer", "ikG4tvDltUA-00074-00043312-00043825": "and they don't have time to adapt, then you get the coral bleaching issues.", "ikG4tvDltUA-00075-00043825-00044308": "Then of course acidification—I don't like that word so much. The ocean's still massively", "ikG4tvDltUA-00076-00044308-00044890": "alkaline, but you're dropping pH. That can have things that are worse than—you know,", "ikG4tvDltUA-00077-00044890-00045436": "corals, I'm not that worried. Corals, biologically they'll expand energy to make their skeletons.", "ikG4tvDltUA-00078-00045436-00045890": "Maybe they'll grow slower. There's all kind of studies. Corals can grow without a skeleton,", "ikG4tvDltUA-00079-00045890-00046493": "if you put them in acidic enough water. Certain species can. Some lovely experiments done.", "ikG4tvDltUA-00080-00046493-00046974": "There are other things out here, though, are non-obligate calcifiers that accidentally", "ikG4tvDltUA-00081-00046974-00047406": "make calcium carbonate, and they’re some of the things that make the reef really rigid", "ikG4tvDltUA-00082-00047406-00048038": "and hard. There are microbial communities, microbialites, and so these rocks made by", "ikG4tvDltUA-00083-00048038-00048615": "microbes—they do a lot of the hardening to really glue the surface of the reef together", "ikG4tvDltUA-00084-00048615-00049068": "and make it rigid enough that, when a cyclone comes, it doesn't wash the whole reef edifice", "ikG4tvDltUA-00085-00049068-00049696": "away. They make hard rock out of it. They don't expand any energy to do that. It's an", "ikG4tvDltUA-00086-00049696-00050459": "accidental byproduct of their metabolism. If we decrease pH enough to make it where", "ikG4tvDltUA-00087-00050459-00051050": "they don't calcify anymore, that could have a significant effect. The beachrock, you see,", "ikG4tvDltUA-00088-00051050-00051617": "that's just marine cement. There are microbialites in that as well. If you lower the pH enough", "ikG4tvDltUA-00089-00051617-00052115": "and you stop making beachrock encased like this, that's one of the major things that", "ikG4tvDltUA-00090-00052115-00052507": "protects a cave from erosion—is that beachrock.", "ikG4tvDltUA-00091-00052507-00052909": "There's a lot of physical chemistry thing that doesn't relate to the corals that might", "ikG4tvDltUA-00092-00052909-00053244": "actually be more significant in terms of some of these issues.", "ikG4tvDltUA-00093-00053244-00053879": "Interviewer: You mentioned how—originally, you weren't that concerned about corals because", "ikG4tvDltUA-00094-00053879-00054310": "you could see how resilient they've been through the years passed. What point did you start", "ikG4tvDltUA-00095-00054310-00054709": "to realize that maybe they're being stressed beyond their ability to adapt?", "ikG4tvDltUA-00096-00054709-00055321": "Greg: It's really in the last decade. I think that the thing that probably made a big difference", "ikG4tvDltUA-00097-00055321-00055823": "is just the concept that a lot of scientists in Queensland have been doing but around the", "ikG4tvDltUA-00098-00055823-00056350": "world: looking at shifting baselines that—you look at a reef today and you didn't realize", "ikG4tvDltUA-00099-00056350-00056878": "it was already degraded from fishing, even from indigenous populations, and not to say", "ikG4tvDltUA-00100-00056878-00057602": "Australian indigenous populations, but just that human activity had already caused degradation", "ikG4tvDltUA-00101-00057602-00058071": "in a lot of reefs. You thought you were looking at a healthy reef, and it wasn't even healthy", "ikG4tvDltUA-00102-00058071-00058262": "then.", "ikG4tvDltUA-00103-00058262-00058876": "The news that the Great Barrier Reef has actually got degradation that we didn’t realize,", "ikG4tvDltUA-00104-00058876-00059542": "from fishing in particular and the inshore reefs from land use. If you're going to dig", "ikG4tvDltUA-00105-00059542-00060138": "and if you're going to plant and clear trees, you dump things out into the rivers, the stuff", "ikG4tvDltUA-00106-00060138-00060571": "gets out, and we've killed a lot of inshore reefs.", "ikG4tvDltUA-00107-00060571-00061055": "Same as in the Caribbean—they cut down all the trees for fuel, run off, carry sediment", "ikG4tvDltUA-00108-00061055-00061491": "out. Reefs don't like the nutrients. They don't like the sediment. You can just simply", "ikG4tvDltUA-00109-00061491-00061611": "kill them off.", "ikG4tvDltUA-00110-00061611-00062040": "The Great Barrier Reef—so many reefs are far offshore. They're a little bit safe from", "ikG4tvDltUA-00111-00062040-00062360": "that at least, but fishing…", "ikG4tvDltUA-00112-00062360-00063075": "Then of course crown-of-thorns—cyclones in this natural sort of things just compound", "ikG4tvDltUA-00113-00063075-00063695": "on what's anthropogenic, and it's so complicated. A lot of people probably feel like they know", "ikG4tvDltUA-00114-00063695-00064253": "exactly what's going on. I know I don't know what's going on, but it scares me that I can't", "ikG4tvDltUA-00115-00064253-00064665": "say I know what's going on because I'm interested and I'm studying these things.", "ikG4tvDltUA-00116-00064665-00065132": "Interviewer: One of the big factors of the Great Barrier Reef is crown-of-thorns, as", "ikG4tvDltUA-00117-00065132-00065718": "you mentioned. Has human activities had a role in crown-of-thorns influencing the reef?", "ikG4tvDltUA-00118-00065718-00066302": "Greg: You know, a lot of people think that it has, but it's a hard thing to say because", "ikG4tvDltUA-00119-00066302-00066842": "this is where we need this paleo records: to see earlier records about breaks that are", "ikG4tvDltUA-00120-00066842-00067526": "5,000 years ago. Could it be that this can happen sometimes?", "ikG4tvDltUA-00121-00067526-00068048": "We have such a short timeframe to understand things based on instrumental records— for", "ikG4tvDltUA-00122-00068048-00068852": "climate, for instance. Based on observations, fishing reports, we just had a snapshot in", "ikG4tvDltUA-00123-00068852-00069505": "terms of what makes the reef. It makes it very, very difficult to know.", "ikG4tvDltUA-00124-00069505-00069969": "Maybe occasionally these things go nuts. There's some evidence to suggest that that's unlikely", "ikG4tvDltUA-00125-00069969-00070550": "and that they kill off corals in areas where the reef just doesn't seem to recover, and", "ikG4tvDltUA-00126-00070550-00070835": "you think, “Well, if they've done that before, there wouldn't have been a reef here in the", "ikG4tvDltUA-00127-00070835-00071400": "first place.” There's been a lot of argument like that. Efforts to go back and look for", "ikG4tvDltUA-00128-00071400-00071941": "them in the record are stymied because coring out here is a hard thing to do.", "ikG4tvDltUA-00129-00071941-00072643": "Trying to understand these issues—it really is hard. Even things like cyclones—there's", "ikG4tvDltUA-00130-00072643-00073019": "a lot of press that say, \"Cyclones are more numerous and worse than they’ve ever been", "ikG4tvDltUA-00131-00073019-00073495": "before,\" but, if you look back—they look on the Great Barrier Reef—cyclones went", "ikG4tvDltUA-00132-00073495-00074247": "through a period from the '70s up through into the 2000s where there were way fewer", "ikG4tvDltUA-00133-00074247-00074540": "cyclones than there had been in the previous.", "ikG4tvDltUA-00134-00074540-00074954": "An interesting paper was presented, and forgive me I can't remember who presented it, a few", "ikG4tvDltUA-00135-00074954-00075471": "months ago at the Australian Coral Reef Society meeting, but he looked at this data and he", "ikG4tvDltUA-00136-00075471-00076173": "said, \"Maybe our idea of coral cover is based on a period of infrequent cyclones and that", "ikG4tvDltUA-00137-00076173-00076690": "normally there would be less coral cover, so maybe it's not as bad as we think based", "ikG4tvDltUA-00138-00076690-00077348": "on the coral cover we're seeing now.\" Maybe that's a little ray of sunshine, but the data", "ikG4tvDltUA-00139-00077348-00077944": "certainly showed that the frequency of cyclones over the last decades is far less than it", "ikG4tvDltUA-00140-00077944-00078569": "was in the many decades before that, but of course there seemed to be more bigger cyclones", "ikG4tvDltUA-00141-00078569-00079082": "in the end of that data set. If you could take that data set further back, maybe there", "ikG4tvDltUA-00142-00079082-00079672": "would be bigger ones. That's why we need paleo data. We need to get back thousands of years", "ikG4tvDltUA-00143-00079672-00079959": "of data instead of just hundreds of years of data.", "ikG4tvDltUA-00144-00079959-00080423": "Interviewer: Is the paleo data able provide any answers about cyclone activity going back", "ikG4tvDltUA-00145-00080423-00080521": "thousands of years?", "ikG4tvDltUA-00146-00080521-00080982": "Greg: We hope so. We've been able to do pretty well with over the last hundreds of years.", "ikG4tvDltUA-00147-00080982-00081777": "I have a colleague at UQ who has dated reef blocks that had been thrown up in China and", "ikG4tvDltUA-00148-00081777-00082331": "here and different places. Looking at the ages of those in sediment piles, and you find", "ikG4tvDltUA-00149-00082331-00082904": "frequency distributions that suggest that there’s a high cyclonic activity, and they", "ikG4tvDltUA-00150-00082904-00083459": "could even date some of them, and, for the really recent record, tie them to particular", "ikG4tvDltUA-00151-00083459-00084187": "cyclones. This was done up in that cyclone. You'd get an age distribution where corals", "ikG4tvDltUA-00152-00084187-00084747": "have about immediately preceding that cyclone were common as this rubble along the reef", "ikG4tvDltUA-00153-00084747-00085255": "flat. There are ways. The older you go back, the harder that gets because you need a lot", "ikG4tvDltUA-00154-00085255-00085751": "of number in order to apply the statistics to see if it's reasonable or not.", "ikG4tvDltUA-00155-00085751-00086214": "Interviewer: As you look back over thousands of years, do you see many natural cycles in", "ikG4tvDltUA-00156-00086214-00086264": "climate?", "ikG4tvDltUA-00157-00086264-00086880": "Greg: Yes. Well, we know that there are a lot of interesting smaller-scale cycles that", "ikG4tvDltUA-00158-00086880-00087611": "operated, a lot of different potentially periodicities but at least cyclicities at the thousands-of-year", "ikG4tvDltUA-00159-00087611-00088244": "level, some at the hundreds of years, some 11-year sunspots. All of these different cycles", "ikG4tvDltUA-00160-00088244-00088901": "potentially have effects, especially that, when compounded upon each other, might lead", "ikG4tvDltUA-00161-00088901-00089684": "to a swing in something else, knowing where we sit on those different cycles, what drives", "ikG4tvDltUA-00162-00089684-00090196": "them, and what the results are through time. Does it cost temperature to go up a little", "ikG4tvDltUA-00163-00090196-00090584": "bit, and down, a little bit up, a little bit down, a little bit? Are there things like", "ikG4tvDltUA-00164-00090584-00090749": "that in the record?", "ikG4tvDltUA-00165-00090749-00091231": "I'm very keen to see if we get corals at the right edge. Some of our cores, the Medieval", "ikG4tvDltUA-00166-00091231-00091749": "Warm Period, some people say, \"That's a local effect.\" It was a local effect in quite a", "ikG4tvDltUA-00167-00091749-00092282": "few places based on good data. Could we see that the water was actually warmer on the", "ikG4tvDltUA-00168-00092282-00092783": "Great Barrier Reef during that interval of time? That would be so important because then", "ikG4tvDltUA-00169-00092783-00093403": "we might figure out what could cause that. What is driving those smaller temperature", "ikG4tvDltUA-00170-00093403-00094263": "changes? What happens when we compound those cycles on top of anthropogenic changes? Can", "ikG4tvDltUA-00171-00094263-00094852": "we recognize what the contribution is if we can't understand the natural stuff? How do", "ikG4tvDltUA-00172-00094852-00095481": "we deconvolve what's anthropogenic and get better predictions? I think the paleo record", "ikG4tvDltUA-00173-00095481-00095855": "is critical for that, and it's really the only place you can get it.", "ikG4tvDltUA-00174-00095855-00096319": "Interviewer: One thing I was curious about was where the signals like the Medieval Warm", "ikG4tvDltUA-00175-00096319-00096643": "Period or the Little Ice Age appear in your coral data.", "ikG4tvDltUA-00176-00096643-00097237": "Greg: Well, we will find out, I hope. We have to get corals of those ages. You don't know", "ikG4tvDltUA-00177-00097237-00097644": "what you're going to get. You're sitting on this beautiful reef, and you say, \"Let's put", "ikG4tvDltUA-00178-00097644-00098087": "a core down here,\" and you don't know what's under you.", "ikG4tvDltUA-00179-00098087-00098732": "One of the exciting things from the last core we brought up is we had a Porites, individual", "ikG4tvDltUA-00180-00098732-00099367": "coral that looks like it's more than two meters in thickness where we cored through it. That", "ikG4tvDltUA-00181-00099367-00100320": "was 14 to 15 meters below the current reef flat. We'll date that coral. It'll be potentially", "ikG4tvDltUA-00182-00100320-00101006": "hundreds of years of paleoclimate record, sea-water temperature, water quality, and", "ikG4tvDltUA-00183-00101006-00101719": "we'll know the age. With luck, it'll fall on an age that's interesting.", "ikG4tvDltUA-00184-00101719-00102403": "We're very interested in around 6,000 years to 5,500 years, for instance, because the", "ikG4tvDltUA-00185-00102403-00103334": "coral reefs in Moreton Bay died at about 5,800 years at all bathymetries at Cleveland and", "ikG4tvDltUA-00186-00103334-00104156": "Wellington Point. We had a paper out last year and dated corals across the entire surface,", "ikG4tvDltUA-00187-00104156-00104780": "and they basically all stopped at the same time. There's a lot of things that could do", "ikG4tvDltUA-00188-00104780-00105498": "that in Moreton Bay. It clearly wasn't Europeans 5,800 years ago, and it wasn't the indigenous", "ikG4tvDltUA-00189-00105498-00106066": "people either. There's some natural thing that killed off a huge beautiful coral reef", "ikG4tvDltUA-00190-00106066-00106320": "in Moreton Bay.", "ikG4tvDltUA-00191-00106320-00106725": "What happened on the Great Barrier Reef at that time? We know some other inshore reefs", "ikG4tvDltUA-00192-00106725-00107366": "farther north had issues at that mid-Holocene, you know about 5, 6,000 years ago, too. Some", "ikG4tvDltUA-00193-00107366-00107881": "reefs stepped back. Some reefs died. There are lot of interesting things that have happened", "ikG4tvDltUA-00194-00107881-00108383": "in the Holocene that we don't know what did it. We know it wasn't us.", "ikG4tvDltUA-00195-00108383-00108903": "That's maybe one of the other things that makes me a little more nervous for reefs.", "ikG4tvDltUA-00196-00108903-00109545": "Anthropogenic, we know we're doing some devastating things to so many environments, not just coral", "ikG4tvDltUA-00197-00109545-00109818": "reefs.", "ikG4tvDltUA-00198-00109818-00110224": "What happens if one of these things that can wipe out a reef in Moreton Bay should happen", "ikG4tvDltUA-00199-00110224-00110654": "now when we're already doing all these other—we're doing what we're doing that is not so great,", "ikG4tvDltUA-00200-00110654-00111059": "and then one of these other natural things comes along. What's going to happen with that?", "ikG4tvDltUA-00201-00111059-00111752": "There are so many uncertainties that we know so little. It makes you more and more nervous,", "ikG4tvDltUA-00202-00111752-00111868": "to be honest.", "ikG4tvDltUA-00203-00111868-00112484": "Interviewer: What are the other ways that scientists are measuring past climate change", "ikG4tvDltUA-00204-00112484-00112635": "back before the instrumental records?", "ikG4tvDltUA-00205-00112635-00113229": "Greg: Well, this is—it's kind of fun. The group I work in is called the Integrated Palaeoenvironmental", "ikG4tvDltUA-00206-00113229-00113856": "Research Group in the School of Earth Sciences. We have the radiogenic isotope facility for", "ikG4tvDltUA-00207-00113856-00114271": "dating. We have geochemistry in there, but we have people working both the terrestrial", "ikG4tvDltUA-00208-00114271-00114883": "record and the marine record. I'm doing a lot of work in the marine side, as and a lot", "ikG4tvDltUA-00209-00114883-00114981": "of colleagues.", "ikG4tvDltUA-00210-00114981-00115666": "Jian-xin Zhao is doing the dating and so forth. We've got a ton of people working. Then you've", "ikG4tvDltUA-00211-00115666-00116258": "got people working on the megafauna record but also on the small mammal and small vertebrate", "ikG4tvDltUA-00212-00116258-00116786": "record in cave deposits where we can also date these with the same kind of techniques", "ikG4tvDltUA-00213-00116786-00117369": "and look at faunal change. Then we've got speleothems, things like stalagmites that", "ikG4tvDltUA-00214-00117369-00118071": "accumulate bit by bit by bit. Those give you these nice time series records, too, where", "ikG4tvDltUA-00215-00118071-00118733": "we can look at things like rainfall, potentially temperature, humidities, the big thing we", "ikG4tvDltUA-00216-00118733-00119165": "can get from those, but they're datable, and you can find when it's wetter or drier. You", "ikG4tvDltUA-00217-00119165-00119454": "can also match that into the fauna.", "ikG4tvDltUA-00218-00119454-00120057": "One of the big shocks we had some years ago with colleagues at the Queensland Museum and", "ikG4tvDltUA-00219-00120057-00120808": "QUT and UQ—we found that caves up at Rockhampton, which is just onshore from where we are here", "ikG4tvDltUA-00220-00120808-00121628": "in Heron basically, inland a bit, caves there show that from before about 320,000 years", "ikG4tvDltUA-00221-00121628-00122292": "ago, you had enclosed Papua New Guinea-style rainforest at Mount Etna just north of Rockhampton.", "ikG4tvDltUA-00222-00122292-00122848": "I mean, that's tree-kangaroos. That's the full-on real rainforest stuff that occurs", "ikG4tvDltUA-00223-00122848-00123573": "now in Papua that you don't even have in Australia. Then, by about 280,000 years ago, it had gone", "ikG4tvDltUA-00224-00123573-00124164": "to desert. I mean, it had just aridified. All of that ecosystem was gone, and it had", "ikG4tvDltUA-00225-00124164-00124661": "become arid. Then it has slowly gotten a bit more humid back to what we have today.", "ikG4tvDltUA-00226-00124661-00125272": "Well, we had no clue until we started doing this type of work that that level of environmental", "ikG4tvDltUA-00227-00125272-00126028": "change had happened from Papua New Guinea to out back a long range, over the space of", "ikG4tvDltUA-00228-00126028-00126499": "some tens of thousands of years—that recently. I mean, we're talking hundreds of thousands", "ikG4tvDltUA-00229-00126499-00127126": "of years, but still that's a big whack of change. Now we're pushing that to other cave", "ikG4tvDltUA-00230-00127126-00127634": "systems where you can record these types of things and where you can date the final assemblages", "ikG4tvDltUA-00231-00127634-00128258": "and looking at other big changes. That's one place. How broad was that? Was it a little", "ikG4tvDltUA-00232-00128258-00128960": "rainforest refugia that finally went, or was it a broader thing?", "ikG4tvDltUA-00233-00128960-00129436": "By being able to date these different types of deposits and look at the marine record,", "ikG4tvDltUA-00234-00129436-00129985": "as well as the terrestrial, we can weed out local effects. If you see the same kind of", "ikG4tvDltUA-00235-00129985-00130453": "things happening in the marine and terrestrial that are dating at the same time, you have", "ikG4tvDltUA-00236-00130453-00130955": "a high probability that you're looking at a more climate-related sort of issue, rather", "ikG4tvDltUA-00237-00130955-00131275": "than a local perturbation of some kind.", "ikG4tvDltUA-00238-00131275-00131844": "We're really keen to look at that Holocene record that lasts 10,000 years or so in caves.", "ikG4tvDltUA-00239-00131844-00132414": "We're working on some caves up at Mount Etna now, carefully, layer by layer, looking at", "ikG4tvDltUA-00240-00132414-00133129": "the different little fauna. I've got these guys who love to look at rat teeth and so", "ikG4tvDltUA-00241-00133129-00133652": "forth. We're trying to learn to extract geochemistry from those teeth as well, to look at diet,", "ikG4tvDltUA-00242-00133652-00134401": "potentially migratory patterns, quite a few different things to really tie down the ecology.", "ikG4tvDltUA-00243-00134401-00134939": "Then you can tie that to the climate signatures that that ecology requires, and then date", "ikG4tvDltUA-00244-00134939-00135483": "it in with U-series dating so that you know when it was. Then we can start comparing,", "ikG4tvDltUA-00245-00135483-00136105": "\"Well, on the reef, you're seeing this. On the coast, you're seeing this,\" and then maybe", "ikG4tvDltUA-00246-00136105-00136612": "we'll start to figure out a little bit more about these climatic issues that have been", "ikG4tvDltUA-00247-00136612-00137305": "happening over the last 10,000 years. It'd be nice to find good news, but, I mean, all", "ikG4tvDltUA-00248-00137305-00138026": "news makes you better fit to model and potentially have predictive models that will give us better", "ikG4tvDltUA-00249-00138026-00138096": "results.", "ikG4tvDltUA-00250-00138096-00138600": "Interviewer: Are scientists are using—let me see if I understand this right—fossilized", "ikG4tvDltUA-00251-00138600-00139045": "rat teeth to work at what these creatures were eating thousands of years ago.", "ikG4tvDltUA-00252-00139045-00139594": "Greg: Yes, yes. It's amazing. The way things are going, you can look at the carbon isotopes", "ikG4tvDltUA-00253-00139594-00140090": "in teeth and get an idea whether they were eating grass-type things or whether they're", "ikG4tvDltUA-00254-00140090-00140372": "eating shrubby or fruity-type things and so forth.", "ikG4tvDltUA-00255-00140372-00140930": "Interviewer: That gives you an indication of what the vegetation was like in that region.", "ikG4tvDltUA-00256-00140930-00141019": "Greg: Yes.", "ikG4tvDltUA-00257-00141019-00141626": "Interviewer: You mentioned also cave droppings. Is that looking at what creatures were depositing", "ikG4tvDltUA-00258-00141626-00141930": "droppings in that cave over thousands of years?", "ikG4tvDltUA-00259-00141930-00142545": "Greg: Well, commonly you get owl roost deposits. They’re wonderful because owls fly out,", "ikG4tvDltUA-00260-00142545-00143105": "and they sample the small vertebrate community from a wide area. If you can get an accumulation", "ikG4tvDltUA-00261-00143105-00143828": "under an owl or other predators—there’s tazzy devils and sarcophilus—they chew bones", "ikG4tvDltUA-00262-00143828-00144333": "up a lot. They don't leave you a lot. The ghost bat, Macroderma gigas—these things", "ikG4tvDltUA-00263-00144333-00144635": "don't leave a lot either, but occasionally they drop a bit on the floor that is still", "ikG4tvDltUA-00264-00144635-00145375": "identifiable. They chew their food up really well, teeth and all. All of these things do", "ikG4tvDltUA-00265-00145375-00145987": "bring fauna in, and of course the odd beasty falls in or wanders in and can't get out.", "ikG4tvDltUA-00266-00145987-00146726": "You do get a good record of the local ecology that way, and stratified. They just build", "ikG4tvDltUA-00267-00146726-00147138": "up layers and layers, and so you can work your way back through time. If you're lucky", "ikG4tvDltUA-00268-00147138-00147682": "and you have a bit of a flowstone that's pretty clean that can be dated, and you have a date", "ikG4tvDltUA-00269-00147682-00148230": "between that layer and that layer, and you can bracket. Little thin straws, the start", "ikG4tvDltUA-00270-00148230-00148725": "of stalactites on the ceiling, they don't last very long. They're fragile. They commonly", "ikG4tvDltUA-00271-00148725-00149165": "fall in, and they usually fall—I mean, they're not going to hang up there for a long time,", "ikG4tvDltUA-00272-00149165-00149808": "and then fall in later, so commonly provide a relatively close date to the layer they", "ikG4tvDltUA-00273-00149808-00150425": "fall in to. They're not a whole lot older in that layer. You get a lot of layers.", "ikG4tvDltUA-00274-00150425-00150938": "We're trying to directly date the teeth and bones as well. I have a colleague who's doing", "ikG4tvDltUA-00275-00150938-00151972": "some wonderful work with that, Gilbert Price. If we can date individual bones then effectively,", "ikG4tvDltUA-00276-00151972-00152292": "then you won't need to worry about whether they're bracketed with nice flowstones, which", "ikG4tvDltUA-00277-00152292-00152769": "are easier to date now. We're trying to get these things done—technically very challenging.", "ikG4tvDltUA-00278-00152769-00153364": "Interviewer: It's like building a jigsaw puzzle using droppings and stalagmites and fossilized", "ikG4tvDltUA-00279-00153364-00153407": "bones.", "ikG4tvDltUA-00280-00153407-00153949": "Greg: It's everything. You have to be holistic about your data. Nobody can just specialize", "ikG4tvDltUA-00281-00153949-00154319": "and say, “We're going to understand everything based on this one record, like an ice core", "ikG4tvDltUA-00282-00154319-00155007": "record or one deep sea core.” We need to use everything at our disposal that has a", "ikG4tvDltUA-00283-00155007-00155410": "historical record because it's so hit and miss on what's get recorded in a given place", "ikG4tvDltUA-00284-00155410-00156013": "you have access to the samples. Most history is gone forever. You think of everything that's", "ikG4tvDltUA-00285-00156013-00156560": "lived on the Earth, if you had a fossil remain of it, the whole Earth would be nothing but", "ikG4tvDltUA-00286-00156560-00157319": "fossils. Most things that die are eaten, consumed, destroyed, oxidized, leave no record at all.", "ikG4tvDltUA-00287-00157319-00157984": "These fossil deposits where you get this lovely history preserved are not that common.", "ikG4tvDltUA-00288-00157984-00158517": "That's why I love a coral reef. I study rocks that organisms make and try to understand", "ikG4tvDltUA-00289-00158517-00159038": "how the chemistry of those rocks tells you about the past environment and how it's changed", "ikG4tvDltUA-00290-00159038-00159464": "by things that happened to the rock through time, and I reckon some really old rocks,", "ikG4tvDltUA-00291-00159464-00160104": "too, not just these really young rocks. If we can understand those records and reef spilled", "ikG4tvDltUA-00292-00160104-00160721": "a nice sequential record, too, the problem is it's under the living coral. Whereas in", "ikG4tvDltUA-00293-00160721-00161386": "a cave, you might go in there and go dig a hole in the floor. It's very—you don't want", "ikG4tvDltUA-00294-00161386-00161858": "to dynamite a trench in coral the reef. You'd love to know when they're going to do it for", "ikG4tvDltUA-00295-00161858-00162398": "a harbor or something like that, so you could be there and actually document everything.", "ikG4tvDltUA-00296-00162398-00162725": "If it's going to happen, you want to at least get the scientific data.", "ikG4tvDltUA-00297-00162725-00163257": "The best we can do now is put little skinny cores down, but we put them out in geometric", "ikG4tvDltUA-00298-00163257-00163964": "patterns and transects so we can get the maximum data. A single core tells you something, but", "ikG4tvDltUA-00299-00163964-00164450": "you wonder, \"I wonder which way things were going.\" You don't know. By putting down several", "ikG4tvDltUA-00300-00164450-00164853": "in a row close to each other, that's when you can start really seeing, “Well, it grew", "ikG4tvDltUA-00301-00164853-00165236": "up like that, then it started to going that way,” and you can date when that happen,", "ikG4tvDltUA-00302-00165236-00165601": "and you can see what the water temperature was, and you can see which corals were happy.", "ikG4tvDltUA-00303-00165601-00165954": "Interviewer: I guess on that front then, a nice place you could describe a little bit", "ikG4tvDltUA-00304-00165954-00166419": "more about the actual process of extracting a core out of coral?", "ikG4tvDltUA-00305-00166419-00167357": "Greg: Yes. Well, this will be a little bit emotive. It's a drilling rig. You have a drilling", "ikG4tvDltUA-00306-00167357-00168309": "rig. It spins a pipe that you have a bit on the bottom, but it's hollow. You grind a hole-shaped", "ikG4tvDltUA-00307-00168309-00168819": "hole down, but the rock in the middle doesn't get ground up. It goes up the inside of the", "ikG4tvDltUA-00308-00168819-00169686": "pipe. We have a one-half-meter core barrel. You can drill down a meter-and-a-half. Then", "ikG4tvDltUA-00309-00169686-00170155": "everything you're drilling through gets caught in this pipe. Then you pull that meter-and-a-half", "ikG4tvDltUA-00310-00170155-00170832": "up. Then you go back down and drill the next meter-and-a-half, and you pull that up. When", "ikG4tvDltUA-00311-00170832-00171473": "you're down there 20 meters, there's a lot of meter-and-a-halves. You have to take in", "ikG4tvDltUA-00312-00171473-00171953": "one pipe at a time. You add them in, put it down, add them in, put it down, and then you", "ikG4tvDltUA-00313-00171953-00172539": "have to take it out, bring it up, take that one out, bring it up, take that one out, up", "ikG4tvDltUA-00314-00172539-00173016": "and down, up and down. We've got—we’re down the bottom. It takes about 45 minutes", "ikG4tvDltUA-00315-00173016-00173767": "to an hour to get a core barrel from 15 to 20 meters down.", "ikG4tvDltUA-00316-00173767-00174467": "It's a long hard slog. It's taking us about two days per core, so 10 meters a day basically,", "ikG4tvDltUA-00317-00174467-00174994": "to get these. We're about to start coring a little bit deeper and just get a little", "ikG4tvDltUA-00318-00174994-00175882": "more record on the bottom. It's hard slog, but it's like a drilling rig, and you're out", "ikG4tvDltUA-00319-00175882-00176379": "there with tools working, but you're pulling up this paleoclimate record.", "ikG4tvDltUA-00320-00176379-00176903": "Interviewer: Does the paleoclimate record tell you anything about sea levels in the", "ikG4tvDltUA-00321-00176903-00176963": "past?", "ikG4tvDltUA-00322-00176963-00177546": "Greg: Well, we already have a lot of data for where sea level was at different times,", "ikG4tvDltUA-00323-00177546-00178007": "from coral reefs. Coral reefs are your best sea-level datum because a coral reef grows", "ikG4tvDltUA-00324-00178007-00178504": "up to sea level and then it has to stop. It can't grow up anymore, so it grows out. Individual", "ikG4tvDltUA-00325-00178504-00178989": "corals do that that you see on the reef. You get microatolls. One colony on the reef flat", "ikG4tvDltUA-00326-00178989-00179579": "grows up. It reaches that low tide level or the ponding level. The top dies because, sooner", "ikG4tvDltUA-00327-00179579-00180069": "or later, it gets a cold night or a bad thing at low tide, but it keeps growing out, and", "ikG4tvDltUA-00328-00180069-00180812": "so you get these flattop corals. They tell you where the water level is.", "ikG4tvDltUA-00329-00180812-00181426": "That's been done all over the place at different reefs around the world to construct what the", "ikG4tvDltUA-00330-00181426-00182020": "deglacial sea-level curve was like and where it was at a given time. Then we can drill", "ikG4tvDltUA-00331-00182020-00182767": "down here and date our corals. Corals don't always grow up to sea level. When you first", "ikG4tvDltUA-00332-00182767-00183413": "flood this platform that was here, sea level may have risen faster than what the reef could", "ikG4tvDltUA-00333-00183413-00183908": "grow up under it. We call that a catch-up reef. You have a reef community trying to", "ikG4tvDltUA-00334-00183908-00184436": "catch up to sea level. It's going straight up. Once it gets up, then it can only grow", "ikG4tvDltUA-00335-00184436-00184757": "sideways, and you end up with this beautiful datum.", "ikG4tvDltUA-00336-00184757-00185183": "Those are the kind of things we're trying to figure out by dating these corals. Where", "ikG4tvDltUA-00337-00185183-00185717": "did Heron Reef reach sea level first? When did it start growing this way, or did it grow", "ikG4tvDltUA-00338-00185717-00186291": "more than way? Which directions did it grow? Did it grow up all in one kind of line and", "ikG4tvDltUA-00339-00186291-00186757": "then grow out, or did it grow up in a few little spots and then they coalesced as they", "ikG4tvDltUA-00340-00186757-00187338": "caught up and grew out? We don’t know those kind of things, but we'd like to. We'd like", "ikG4tvDltUA-00341-00187338-00187985": "to see which corals were best at coping with sea-level rise. That's a handy thing to know", "ikG4tvDltUA-00342-00187985-00188219": "if we're worried about sea-level rise.", "ikG4tvDltUA-00343-00188219-00188690": "I think the corals are going to handle that okay. The case may have a lot more trouble,", "ikG4tvDltUA-00344-00188690-00189115": "you know mobile sand. Corals will just grow up and say, “More water to grow in. We're", "ikG4tvDltUA-00345-00189115-00189673": "happy as Larry,” unless it's hot water to grow in. You give them more space, they'll", "ikG4tvDltUA-00346-00189673-00190198": "fill it, as they have done here at Heron Reef when they changed the bund wall around the", "ikG4tvDltUA-00347-00190198-00190741": "harbor. They added about 20 centimeters of water depth to the reef flat out here past", "ikG4tvDltUA-00348-00190741-00191225": "the wreck, just off the research station. That's why you've got all this acropora there", "ikG4tvDltUA-00349-00191225-00191791": "now. It's gone up. That wasn't there 10 years ago because the water level is lower. It's", "ikG4tvDltUA-00350-00191791-00192438": "grown up and taken up that space. In a decade, the corals here have grown up 20 centimeters.", "ikG4tvDltUA-00351-00192438-00193058": "No problem. Now there are dying because they've reached where they can get. They're eroding.", "ikG4tvDltUA-00352-00193058-00193622": "Some of them are being cemented over by coral and red algae. Some is just marine cement", "ikG4tvDltUA-00353-00193622-00194110": "coming out of the sea water, no doubt, is lithifying them. Microbes maybe lithifying", "ikG4tvDltUA-00354-00194110-00194816": "them deep down inside, and that will become will become good new reef flat. It only took", "ikG4tvDltUA-00355-00194816-00195230": "a decade to grow up that high. So there's hope for corals.", "ikG4tvDltUA-00356-00195230-00195887": "Of course there hadn't been a cyclone here in that time. A cyclone just—that's the", "ikG4tvDltUA-00357-00195887-00196496": "weed of the sea grass, that acropora. Cyclones are lawnmowers for those corals, turn them", "ikG4tvDltUA-00358-00196496-00197003": "into sticks, and then you have big gravel piles and sand. Then they have to start over", "ikG4tvDltUA-00359-00197003-00197647": "and grow back up in that same space. That’s natural. That's how coral reefs behave. As", "ikG4tvDltUA-00360-00197647-00198121": "sea level rises, the corals will grow up to that new sea level if the corals are healthy", "ikG4tvDltUA-00361-00198121-00198165": "enough.", "ikG4tvDltUA-00362-00198165-00198608": "Interviewer: There’s periods in Earth’s history when there were practically no carbonate", "ikG4tvDltUA-00363-00198608-00199488": "corals. What does that tell you about corals’ ability to adapt to climate change or other", "ikG4tvDltUA-00364-00199488-00199552": "causes?", "ikG4tvDltUA-00365-00199552-00200242": "Greg: You know, the Scleractinian corals evolved back after—while we're—I have colleagues;", "ikG4tvDltUA-00366-00200242-00200744": "we debate these kinds of things—but, you know, around 250 million years ago, thereabouts,", "ikG4tvDltUA-00367-00200744-00201188": "at the end of the Paleozoic, the Permian, we had a giant extinction event. It killed", "ikG4tvDltUA-00368-00201188-00201738": "off the earlier types of corals: rugose and tabulate corals. They weren't great reef builders,", "ikG4tvDltUA-00369-00201738-00202390": "anyway, but there are little reefs out past Rockhampton that have a higher coral content", "ikG4tvDltUA-00370-00202390-00202816": "than modern Scleractinian coral reefs like the Great Barrier Reef. I mean, in terms of", "ikG4tvDltUA-00371-00202816-00203364": "density, some of these older Paleozoic reefs, they were quite small, but, I mean, they are", "ikG4tvDltUA-00372-00203364-00203721": "good coral reefs for the Paleozoic.", "ikG4tvDltUA-00373-00203721-00204073": "Then you had your Scleractinian corals evolved, and they've gone up and down a little bit,", "ikG4tvDltUA-00374-00204073-00204898": "but they were making reefs fairly soon after they evolved, of different types. The longer-term", "ikG4tvDltUA-00375-00204898-00205519": "geological history of reefs is an amazing thing with huge amount of climate change relative", "ikG4tvDltUA-00376-00205519-00205751": "to what we're thinking about in the modern.", "ikG4tvDltUA-00377-00205751-00206294": "You're going to icehouse times when you have glacial, interglacials, and then you have", "ikG4tvDltUA-00378-00206294-00206787": "greenhouse times like through the Cretaceous and then the Paleocene, when there was probably", "ikG4tvDltUA-00379-00206787-00207298": "no ice on Earth during some of those times, even on the mountaintops. It was just hot.", "ikG4tvDltUA-00380-00207298-00207977": "There were dinosaurs and conifers in the Arctic Circle kind of things, Antarctica. No ice,", "ikG4tvDltUA-00381-00207977-00208560": "no continental ice for certain. Massively different climate, huge amounts of CO2 in", "ikG4tvDltUA-00382-00208560-00208760": "the atmosphere.", "ikG4tvDltUA-00383-00208760-00209354": "The corals were happy to live in that but, of course, it's a double-edged sword. When", "ikG4tvDltUA-00384-00209354-00209974": "you have a lot of CO2 in the atmosphere and you have rock exposed, you chemically weather—a", "ikG4tvDltUA-00385-00209974-00210525": "bit of that CO2 dissolves into your rainwater and becomes carbonic acid. It will weather", "ikG4tvDltUA-00386-00210525-00211189": "your silicate rocks like minerals and granite, you know, these volcanic rocks. It weathers", "ikG4tvDltUA-00387-00211189-00211248": "those.", "ikG4tvDltUA-00388-00211248-00211849": "One of the byproducts is bicarbonate, which flows to the ocean. The carbonate that's in", "ikG4tvDltUA-00389-00211849-00212279": "the ocean that organisms make skeletons out of isn’t from the CO2 in the atmosphere", "ikG4tvDltUA-00390-00212279-00212915": "so much. It's from weathering rocks on the continent. If you build your CO2 up gradually,", "ikG4tvDltUA-00391-00212915-00213844": "you get more acid rain, which pumps the ocean full of alkalinity and bicarbonate. It acts,", "ikG4tvDltUA-00392-00213844-00214423": "in a way, as a buffer against the high CO2. Organisms just biologically can evolve to", "ikG4tvDltUA-00393-00214423-00214966": "things that happened slowly enough, we assume.", "ikG4tvDltUA-00394-00214966-00215629": "You always had some corals going. I reckon you always did. You don't always have the", "ikG4tvDltUA-00395-00215629-00216249": "fossil record of them. Some of the weirdest things we just found on a dredging about two", "ikG4tvDltUA-00396-00216249-00216773": "years ago off the Tasmantid seamount chain in the Coral Sea but just off the continental", "ikG4tvDltUA-00397-00216773-00217477": "shelf of Australia—we were dredging these volcanoes. They all formed down at a latitude", "ikG4tvDltUA-00398-00217477-00218004": "around Tasmania, we believe. Then the continent's been moving north and carrying them north,", "ikG4tvDltUA-00399-00218004-00218517": "so they're older towards the north. They get younger and younger down towards Tassie, but", "ikG4tvDltUA-00400-00218517-00219084": "they all had coral reefs on them, nice-looking coral reef facies from the bit that came up", "ikG4tvDltUA-00401-00219084-00219711": "in the dredges, but those reefs would have formed at latitudes closer to Tasmania than", "ikG4tvDltUA-00402-00219711-00220146": "even to Brisbane, never mind up here where you have the modern Great Barrier Reef. They", "ikG4tvDltUA-00403-00220146-00220711": "were forming at really high latitude, 40 degrees and things like that.", "ikG4tvDltUA-00404-00220711-00221350": "We're quite keen on understanding those. There were probably 15 to 20 million years old,", "ikG4tvDltUA-00405-00221350-00221781": "but I don't have firm dates on those yet. It's a little harder to date things at that", "ikG4tvDltUA-00406-00221781-00222069": "particular age.", "ikG4tvDltUA-00407-00222069-00222490": "Coral reefs have done different and crazy things at different times, depending on what", "ikG4tvDltUA-00408-00222490-00223258": "climate was doing and what the world was like, circulation, so many different variables.", "ikG4tvDltUA-00409-00223258-00223829": "Of course, your record of the rocks, you just may not have them. If we hadn't dredged those,", "ikG4tvDltUA-00410-00223829-00224014": "we wouldn't know that those were there.", "ikG4tvDltUA-00411-00224014-00224490": "Interviewer: Right. When there were periods when there were less corals, what was the", "ikG4tvDltUA-00412-00224490-00224689": "main drivers of the…", "ikG4tvDltUA-00413-00224689-00225353": "Greg: We don't know yet. Yes, we just don't know. We don't understand why, during the", "ikG4tvDltUA-00414-00225353-00226022": "Miocene, you would've had such a greater latitudinal range for some of these corals. Maybe some", "ikG4tvDltUA-00415-00226022-00226721": "of them are happier in cooler water, or maybe it was a lot warmer. We don't know.", "ikG4tvDltUA-00416-00226721-00227233": "Interviewer: What would you say is the most interesting scientific questions in your field", "ikG4tvDltUA-00417-00227233-00227447": "at the moment?", "ikG4tvDltUA-00418-00227447-00228052": "Greg: Oh, gosh. I would almost be cynical and say, \"What if we have money to study?\"", "ikG4tvDltUA-00419-00228052-00228794": "The promise is also good. That's the shocker. We know so little. Everything is important.", "ikG4tvDltUA-00420-00228794-00229525": "I mean, do so many things. I think, at the moment, I really would like to provide more", "ikG4tvDltUA-00421-00229525-00230099": "and better integrated data for paleoclimate through the last thousands of years because", "ikG4tvDltUA-00422-00230099-00230879": "the need for that to inform management today is really critical.", "ikG4tvDltUA-00423-00230879-00232030": "As an environmentally, I guess, when you say, jaded person, I would really like to see something", "ikG4tvDltUA-00424-00232030-00232578": "survive on this planet, past human beings. Of course, I'm not sure there's anything we", "ikG4tvDltUA-00425-00232578-00233119": "can do to really manage resources on a resource-by-resource basis. I think we need to think a little bit", "ikG4tvDltUA-00426-00233119-00233775": "more about population control from a human point of view. That seems so unpopular now,", "ikG4tvDltUA-00427-00233775-00234150": "where we've got people in charge of the world who seem to say, \"Growth, growth, growth,", "ikG4tvDltUA-00428-00234150-00234853": "bigger population, buy more white goods.\" Everyone has a footprint. Everyone is responsible", "ikG4tvDltUA-00429-00234853-00235008": "for these problems.", "ikG4tvDltUA-00430-00235008-00235766": "I'm often amazed. Environmentalist mates of mine are saying, \"We got to stop mining coal.\"", "ikG4tvDltUA-00431-00235766-00236217": "You just have to say, \"Mate, we're not burning it and turning it into electricity because", "ikG4tvDltUA-00432-00236217-00237039": "those nasty miners mined it. They're mining it because we want the lights to come on.”", "ikG4tvDltUA-00433-00237039-00237769": "That's the same with every resource. It's all what we're using. The more of us there", "ikG4tvDltUA-00434-00237769-00238392": "are, especially with developing nations, who want to have some quality life, here we are", "ikG4tvDltUA-00435-00238392-00239361": "extravagant Western quality of life, giant energy use, giant use of all kinds of materials,", "ikG4tvDltUA-00436-00239361-00239989": "and then we're going to tell them, \"We want to save the planet. You guys can't have any.\"", "ikG4tvDltUA-00437-00239989-00240483": "We've been terribly ineffective at getting populations to cut down on their use of energy", "ikG4tvDltUA-00438-00240483-00240765": "and to cut down on their use of things.", "ikG4tvDltUA-00439-00240765-00241224": "What do you do? What we've got to do is try to have fewer people because everybody need", "ikG4tvDltUA-00440-00241224-00241853": "a certain amount. You can have some renewable energy. You can have some of this. You can", "ikG4tvDltUA-00441-00241853-00242428": "have some of that. The resources we use come from the Earth, the food we eat.", "ikG4tvDltUA-00442-00242428-00243219": "I mean, people complain about mining. Get on Google Earth. Find a mine. Go to Goonyella.", "ikG4tvDltUA-00443-00243219-00243803": "It's gigantic. It's a huge coal mine. Then scan out, and you'll see it's one percent", "ikG4tvDltUA-00444-00243803-00244444": "of a giant agricultural area where every native ecosystem has been stripped off the face of", "ikG4tvDltUA-00445-00244444-00245004": "a giant area. Almost all the environmental damage there is done by agriculture because", "ikG4tvDltUA-00446-00245004-00245527": "we want to eat, not by that little tiny mine there.", "ikG4tvDltUA-00447-00245527-00246271": "I think we have to focus our environmentalism on the problem, and it's us. We are the problem.", "ikG4tvDltUA-00448-00246271-00246779": "My problem is, as scientist, I see everything we're trying to do are stitching the corner", "ikG4tvDltUA-00449-00246779-00247566": "of a Band-Aid that's coming off, and the problem need sutures of the giant wound that goes", "ikG4tvDltUA-00450-00247566-00248322": "out the side of your Band-Aid. If we're going to do something useful, we've got to address", "ikG4tvDltUA-00451-00248322-00248976": "bigger things than the small environmental issues that get all the—well, not all the", "ikG4tvDltUA-00452-00248976-00249467": "press, but so much of the press. We've got to have fewer of us so we need less of all", "ikG4tvDltUA-00453-00249467-00249985": "this stuff because we're not disciplined enough to be good environmentalists and use less.", "ikG4tvDltUA-00454-00249985-00250553": "Maybe I'm cynical, but I don't see the world all of a sudden saying, \"I'm going to bicycle", "ikG4tvDltUA-00455-00250553-00251181": "to work.\" By the way, if that bicycle has a titanium frame, that's a big mine or a bunch", "ikG4tvDltUA-00456-00251181-00251823": "of sand mining on Fraser Island to get that titanium. It didn't drop from the sky without", "ikG4tvDltUA-00457-00251823-00252102": "resources. What do you do?", "ikG4tvDltUA-00458-00252102-00252529": "Interviewer: This is a bit of a change of pace, but I'd be interested in hearing how", "ikG4tvDltUA-00459-00252529-00253009": "you got into your area of research. What was your journey to where you are now?", "ikG4tvDltUA-00460-00253009-00253631": "Greg: Well, I'm a paleontologist. Interestingly, my dad was a geologist and my mom was a biologist.", "ikG4tvDltUA-00461-00253631-00254338": "What really got me was college textbooks, Ralph Buchsbaum's \"Animals without Backbones\"", "ikG4tvDltUA-00462-00254338-00254847": "was on their shelf. I would look through that book long before I could read, and it had", "ikG4tvDltUA-00463-00254847-00255484": "crabs, and worms, and corals, and these things. Then my dad, he had Shrock and Twenhofel's", "ikG4tvDltUA-00464-00255484-00256017": "\"Principles of Invertebrate Paleontology.\" That, honest to goodness, is the first book", "ikG4tvDltUA-00465-00256017-00256517": "I ever read cover to cover by choice. That wasn't “See Spot run blah-blah” school", "ikG4tvDltUA-00466-00256517-00257394": "book set in school. I wanted to know: what are all those cool things? Trilobites, brachiopods—what", "ikG4tvDltUA-00467-00257394-00257933": "are all these cool things in this book? Of course, my mom and dad could tell me.", "ikG4tvDltUA-00468-00257933-00258657": "I fell into paleontology as a love when I was knee high. I mean, I couldn't help it.", "ikG4tvDltUA-00469-00258657-00259176": "I wanted to know what all those cool things in those pictures in those books were. I'm", "ikG4tvDltUA-00470-00259176-00259792": "a fortunate individual. I aimed toward this career from the time I was six years old.", "ikG4tvDltUA-00471-00259792-00260571": "I’ve only ever wanted to do this. Now I study rocks that are made by organisms. That's", "ikG4tvDltUA-00472-00260571-00260866": "paleontology.", "ikG4tvDltUA-00473-00260866-00261427": "As much as modern coral reefs are beautiful, ecology with corals and fish, I can assure", "ikG4tvDltUA-00474-00261427-00262063": "you a coral reef is rock. It's a big rock that sticks up and can withstand waves bashing", "ikG4tvDltUA-00475-00262063-00262708": "on it, and it has a thin little film of biology on top of it, but it is that biology that", "ikG4tvDltUA-00476-00262708-00263511": "constructed it, but the reef itself is a rock. It's mine. It's what I do. All these biologists", "ikG4tvDltUA-00477-00263511-00264074": "think the reef is theirs. No, the reef is for geologists because almost all of it is", "ikG4tvDltUA-00478-00264074-00264824": "geology. Of course, it's the geology made by biology, which is perfect. It's what nature", "ikG4tvDltUA-00479-00264824-00264890": "can do.", "ikG4tvDltUA-00480-00264890-00265335": "Interviewer: Do you have any thoughts on what scientists can do to better educate the public", "ikG4tvDltUA-00481-00265335-00265827": "about climate change and about science in general?", "ikG4tvDltUA-00482-00265827-00266581": "Greg: I think scientists need to—it's a difficult thing. There are so few scientists.", "ikG4tvDltUA-00483-00266581-00267013": "I mean, we've got more scientists now than we've ever had. A lot of scientists are solving", "ikG4tvDltUA-00484-00267013-00267598": "industry-type problems and so forth, but we have more environmental scientists than we've", "ikG4tvDltUA-00485-00267598-00268229": "ever had. There's so few of us, considering how much environment there is to study and", "ikG4tvDltUA-00486-00268229-00268619": "considering the uncertainties in what we do and don't know.", "ikG4tvDltUA-00487-00268619-00269244": "We feel overwhelmed. I can't speak for everybody, by any means, and I wouldn't want to. I can", "ikG4tvDltUA-00488-00269244-00269857": "assure you, a lot of my colleagues would want me speaking for them. The point is we feel", "ikG4tvDltUA-00489-00269857-00270322": "like, \"My god, how are we going to figure all this out? We got so much to do. It's so", "ikG4tvDltUA-00490-00270322-00270756": "expensive, and it's so hard. We need more students. We need more of this.\" A lot of", "ikG4tvDltUA-00491-00270756-00271302": "people just, \"I don' have time to talk to the media. I don't have time to talk to people.\"", "ikG4tvDltUA-00492-00271302-00271843": "I think the education side is so critical. I teach undergraduate. I teach first-year,", "ikG4tvDltUA-00493-00271843-00272421": "second-year, and third-year courses in the School of Earth Sciences. Yes, I resent marking,", "ikG4tvDltUA-00494-00272421-00273128": "and I resent the bureaucracy and the admin. I can't help it. I want to be doing this.", "ikG4tvDltUA-00495-00273128-00273608": "I want to be doing the research, but I take my education side seriously with my students.", "ikG4tvDltUA-00496-00273608-00273919": "These are the guys who are going to solve the things I'm not smart enough to solve.", "ikG4tvDltUA-00497-00273919-00274399": "I hope to goodness, I'm going to inspire someone who's smarter than me to come out and make", "ikG4tvDltUA-00498-00274399-00274839": "sense of some of this stuff that I look at and think about. My god, there's so many variables", "ikG4tvDltUA-00499-00274839-00275321": "here. How can we constrain this? At what level is anything we're looking at here is going", "ikG4tvDltUA-00500-00275321-00275671": "to be useful? I often feel like that.", "ikG4tvDltUA-00501-00275671-00276119": "You look at the heterogeneity on a reef. Here, you've got this. There, you've got that. Come", "ikG4tvDltUA-00502-00276119-00276524": "back two years later, oh, goodness, that's gone now. You've got something else in there.", "ikG4tvDltUA-00503-00276524-00277114": "You got this. The longer you come here, the more you realize how difficult the problem", "ikG4tvDltUA-00504-00277114-00277506": "is. You think, \"We're going to have to average all of that over different time interval,", "ikG4tvDltUA-00505-00277506-00278085": "a different spatial level. We're going to have to do all this. It just gets harder and", "ikG4tvDltUA-00506-00278085-00278171": "harder.", "ikG4tvDltUA-00507-00278171-00278880": "If we could get people to know more—and from a political point of view, people just", "ikG4tvDltUA-00508-00278880-00279603": "need to be educated, to be in democracies. You need to know you can't afford to not know", "ikG4tvDltUA-00509-00279603-00280060": "when you're voting on things that are important. Public education is critical, but it's hard", "ikG4tvDltUA-00510-00280060-00280161": "to do.", "ikG4tvDltUA-00511-00280161-00280669": "There's so little trust now, too. There’s a weird undercurrent in society that they", "ikG4tvDltUA-00512-00280669-00281251": "blame scientists for a lot of the problems because scientists develop nuclear weapons", "ikG4tvDltUA-00513-00281251-00281754": "and it’s a scientist's fault. You get an undercurrent of that. Often now, there's a", "ikG4tvDltUA-00514-00281754-00282334": "trust thing, they say, \"These guys are just trying to destroy my economy with climate-", "ikG4tvDltUA-00515-00282334-00282875": "change stuff. I don't believe them.” Then there's the climate deniers: “I don’t", "ikG4tvDltUA-00516-00282875-00282994": "believe them.\"", "ikG4tvDltUA-00517-00282994-00283722": "You have polarized science. We need to have scientists who can talk about data and uncertainties", "ikG4tvDltUA-00518-00283722-00284214": "and say, \"Look, I don't know the answer.\" We don't know so many of them. We may know", "ikG4tvDltUA-00519-00284214-00284665": "something, but we often can't answer what the public wants. I just say, \"Give me an", "ikG4tvDltUA-00520-00284665-00285336": "answer. Should we do this or that?\" Often, in science, we say, \"Probability is maybe", "ikG4tvDltUA-00521-00285336-00285791": "I should.\"", "ikG4tvDltUA-00522-00285791-00286368": "Trying to convince people and educate people when that's the best you can do is pretty", "ikG4tvDltUA-00523-00286368-00286981": "difficult. I think a lot of my colleagues are a bit jaded from it and just don't even", "ikG4tvDltUA-00524-00286981-00287644": "want to try sometimes, but having the opportunity is difficult at the same time and making that", "ikG4tvDltUA-00525-00287644-00287700": "time.", "ikG4tvDltUA-00526-00287700-00288113": "Interviewer: Would you say your approach is inspiring the next generation who you hope", "ikG4tvDltUA-00527-00288113-00288206": "will solve the problem?", "ikG4tvDltUA-00528-00288206-00288632": "Greg: You know, I wouldn't like to say that's my approach because I have little control", "ikG4tvDltUA-00529-00288632-00289251": "over it. I would be thrilled to death if I could die having inspired some guys to carry", "ikG4tvDltUA-00530-00289251-00290070": "on who did better than I did with these issues. My graduate students who have turned out in", "ikG4tvDltUA-00531-00290070-00290734": "the past, I love to see them. I've got some who are doing wonderful science. It's what", "ikG4tvDltUA-00532-00290734-00291188": "I'm proud of, and all my students. I've got students in industry, too. I've got students", "ikG4tvDltUA-00533-00291188-00291786": "in all kinds of areas. That's what turns me on in so many ways.", "ikG4tvDltUA-00534-00291786-00292204": "In the end, I want to know—and I don't care if it's a guy I had in first year who figures", "ikG4tvDltUA-00535-00292204-00292746": "it out, and says, \"By the way, I figured this out.\" I'm going to say, \"I wanted to know", "ikG4tvDltUA-00536-00292746-00293270": "before I up and carked it. I want to know.\" The more people who are working on what I", "ikG4tvDltUA-00537-00293270-00293740": "want to know, the happier I'm going to be, but we'll never have enough.", "ikG4tvDltUA-00538-00293740-00294482": "Interviewer: One last question: could you give a short statement just about the topic", "ikG4tvDltUA-00539-00294482-00295106": "of how humans are influencing our climate, perhaps from your perspective or from your", "ikG4tvDltUA-00540-00295106-00295174": "research?", "ikG4tvDltUA-00541-00295174-00295623": "Greg: From my research, it's a little harder to say from the viewpoint that I'm trying", "ikG4tvDltUA-00542-00295623-00296424": "to get before the influence was as big as it is now. I mean, CO2 is obvious. You can", "ikG4tvDltUA-00543-00296424-00297224": "measure it yourself. It's empirical. We know CO2 is going up. It always gets trickier from", "ikG4tvDltUA-00544-00297224-00297808": "there, greenhouse gasses or pure physics, they have to make it warmer. There's just", "ikG4tvDltUA-00545-00297808-00298293": "no question about it. It's physics. You can't argue with math, and most people don't know", "ikG4tvDltUA-00546-00298293-00298553": "enough to try.", "ikG4tvDltUA-00547-00298553-00299089": "Obviously, this is anthropogenic. The worst thing is just ecosystem destruction that you", "ikG4tvDltUA-00548-00299089-00299768": "can see. It's empirical like that Google Earth. Go look at what ecosystem are gone due to", "ikG4tvDltUA-00549-00299768-00300210": "agriculture, for instance. I mean, what are you going to say? \"Well, we just won't eat.\"", "ikG4tvDltUA-00550-00300210-00300769": "We have to eat. Look at the fisheries. Mind you, there's a lot of export fisheries and", "ikG4tvDltUA-00551-00300769-00301192": "whatever, but, in the end, fisheries are about people eating, and trying to figure out how", "ikG4tvDltUA-00552-00301192-00301741": "coral reefs can provide the services they do, provide the food they do to communities", "ikG4tvDltUA-00553-00301741-00302344": "who depend on them for their food without destroying the reef, like so many on the Caribbean,", "ikG4tvDltUA-00554-00302344-00302896": "where they eat fish that are five centimeters long because that's the biggest fish they", "ikG4tvDltUA-00555-00302896-00303711": "can catch now. Surely, there's going to be a way, but it's obvious that people are doing", "ikG4tvDltUA-00556-00303711-00303982": "this. There's no question about that.", "ikG4tvDltUA-00557-00303982-00304545": "The bigger the population, the bigger the footprint because each one of us has a footprint.", "ikG4tvDltUA-00558-00304545-00305340": "We each burn a bit of coal. We each use a bit of aluminum. We each use plastic. For", "ikG4tvDltUA-00559-00305340-00306051": "all the hatred of oil companies, you can buy a liter of water that costs more than a liter", "ikG4tvDltUA-00560-00306051-00306577": "of petrol. It didn't cost as much to produce as that petrol. If you want to hate an oil", "ikG4tvDltUA-00561-00306577-00306961": "company, it's going to be when they say, \"We're not going to sell you petrol anymore.\" They", "ikG4tvDltUA-00562-00306961-00307764": "don't produce it and twist your arm to buy it. They’ll stop as soon as you stop using", "ikG4tvDltUA-00563-00307764-00308367": "petrol. But then there's plastics, what do we do? Stuff comes out of a petroleum well.", "ikG4tvDltUA-00564-00308367-00308798": "You'd be amazed of what you depend on that comes out of a petroleum well. It's not just", "ikG4tvDltUA-00565-00308799-00309547": "petrol. It's people. That's empirical, and it all adds up."}}, {"audio_id": "ikYMAojh-su", "text": {"ikYMAojh-su-00000-00000000-00016800": "🌟 🇺🇸 Costume the 💃 Spanish Carmen for the girl — Shop GrandStart.ru 🌟"}}, {"audio_id": "il2VBYMuamU", "text": {"il2VBYMuamU-00000-00000088-00000576": "hey guys welcome back to another video i'm TheShowdownFighter  YT so today what we're doing is", "il2VBYMuamU-00001-00000576-00001296": "we are playing minecraft today as you might notice see look at this i've got my own Deep Dark Ancient City", "il2VBYMuamU-00002-00001368-00002023": "take a look it's the Aancient city  as you may notice see what we're going to do", "il2VBYMuamU-00003-00002104-00002592": "so first so first i'm going to put my armor on first get started with that", "il2VBYMuamU-00004-00002952-00003647": "i'm also going to drink a little magnesium excuse me and what we're going to do is put it", "il2VBYMuamU-00005-00003647-00005784": "up okay that was the warden but let's decide", "il2VBYMuamU-00006-00006208-00006704": "down below and subscribe to the channel if you're new because i because i am this close to 70", "il2VBYMuamU-00007-00006704-00007295": "subscribers and i need your help so please hit the subscribe button and hit the like button as well", "il2VBYMuamU-00008-00007295-00007664": "it helps the channel a lot and hit the bell icon to get another video all right let's get started", "il2VBYMuamU-00009-00007952-00008584": "okay so here we go if we go into this last game mode that's survival", "il2VBYMuamU-00010-00009128-00009984": "race over as we put it on normal look at this if we go on normal yeah", "il2VBYMuamU-00011-00010760-00011384": "here", "il2VBYMuamU-00012-00011696-00012784": "there you go", "il2VBYMuamU-00013-00013000-00013050": "oh no", "il2VBYMuamU-00014-00013544-00014184": "there we go that's the other way right oh", "il2VBYMuamU-00015-00014480-00015616": "oh [ __ ] oh no run come on damn it no i forgot i forgot to put this", "il2VBYMuamU-00016-00015616-00016984": "hold up let's go back to the green one i forgot to get my stuff god yeah oh my god", "il2VBYMuamU-00017-00019448-00019784": "is", "il2VBYMuamU-00018-00022496-00023024": "so first picture first once we get i forgot to get enchanted and enchanted golden", "il2VBYMuamU-00019-00023416-00023896": "i'm also getting a pickaxe there you go numbers let's", "il2VBYMuamU-00020-00024816-00025400": "is", "il2VBYMuamU-00021-00025400-00025744": "hold up let's just first do this for everything you want with the video", "il2VBYMuamU-00022-00025800-00026783": "first things first as you may know this", "il2VBYMuamU-00023-00027768-00028095": "that way the warden can jump and another", "il2VBYMuamU-00024-00028704-00028776": "all right here we go", "il2VBYMuamU-00025-00029152-00029583": "first things first", "il2VBYMuamU-00026-00029832-00030024": "okay tell you guys about that", "il2VBYMuamU-00027-00030376-00030983": "now let's continue that's game mode that's survival", "il2VBYMuamU-00028-00031216-00031527": "all right here we go so you see we're back look back and everything", "il2VBYMuamU-00029-00031760-00031864": "oh there we go again", "il2VBYMuamU-00030-00032168-00032544": "oh no look he's probably responding", "il2VBYMuamU-00031-00032816-00033784": "i love the sounds that makes oh there we go holy [ __ ] oh my [ __ ] god", "il2VBYMuamU-00032-00034816-00035184": "oh", "il2VBYMuamU-00033-00035360-00035712": "oh no whenever you that roar that means he's detected", "il2VBYMuamU-00034-00035920-00036684": "oh [ __]", "il2VBYMuamU-00035-00038656-00039424": "oh my god", "il2VBYMuamU-00036-00039424-00039744": "wait oh you're attacking me already", "il2VBYMuamU-00037-00040200-00040784": "this guy's like fast as hell", "il2VBYMuamU-00038-00041240-00042184": "oh", "il2VBYMuamU-00039-00042440-00043584": "avoid it", "il2VBYMuamU-00040-00044520-00044984": "oh", "il2VBYMuamU-00041-00046168-00046384": "i don't know", "il2VBYMuamU-00042-00047168-00047784": "i don't see him anywhere", "il2VBYMuamU-00043-00049024-00049344": "oh no whenever all that okay i think the warden might protect something", "il2VBYMuamU-00044-00049552-00050584": "take the zombie take him down don't take me", "il2VBYMuamU-00045-00050752-00051984": "god this is like", "il2VBYMuamU-00046-00052072-00052264": "what there's another one", "il2VBYMuamU-00047-00052632-00053384": "wait hold on", "il2VBYMuamU-00048-00053816-00053912": "it's so hard to see", "il2VBYMuamU-00049-00054704-00055079": "oh don't rush do this too", "il2VBYMuamU-00050-00055288-00055672": "oh [ __ ]", "il2VBYMuamU-00051-00055672-00056184": "he just detected me", "il2VBYMuamU-00052-00057344-00057872": "we can talk about it i can't even see a [ __ ] thing", "il2VBYMuamU-00053-00058152-00058455": "this place don't seem to me write something else don't face me", "il2VBYMuamU-00054-00058760-00058984": "oh", "il2VBYMuamU-00055-00061440-00061784": "wait a minute oh no", "il2VBYMuamU-00056-00062728-00063184": "oh i think you saw me", "il2VBYMuamU-00057-00065296-00065984": "so", "il2VBYMuamU-00058-00066656-00067104": "holy son peaceful real quick there we go this is dude", "il2VBYMuamU-00059-00068696-00069176": "it yeah let's get some milk because yeah i can't even see a goddamn thing yeah", "il2VBYMuamU-00060-00069400-00069450": "here we go", "il2VBYMuamU-00061-00069904-00070184": "are you him i don't", "il2VBYMuamU-00062-00070856-00070960": "oh there he is", "il2VBYMuamU-00063-00071376-00071584": "okay let's run", "il2VBYMuamU-00064-00072688-00072984": "the idea i think", "il2VBYMuamU-00065-00073528-00074384": "god", "il2VBYMuamU-00066-00075056-00075136": "oh my god", "il2VBYMuamU-00067-00075432-00075784": "yo yo you run run", "il2VBYMuamU-00068-00076992-00077184": "you have this", "il2VBYMuamU-00069-00079520-00079984": "okay just run", "il2VBYMuamU-00070-00080104-00081384": "oh god", "il2VBYMuamU-00071-00082128-00082784": "okay whenever you hear that roar", "il2VBYMuamU-00072-00084032-00085584": "i think the warden is probably looking for me", "il2VBYMuamU-00073-00086184-00086984": "take him down yeah", "il2VBYMuamU-00074-00087144-00088384": "whoops", "il2VBYMuamU-00075-00089288-00089440": "[ __ ] you might accept me", "il2VBYMuamU-00076-00089736-00091184": "wow", "il2VBYMuamU-00077-00092488-00093984": "just to find some worlds", "il2VBYMuamU-00078-00094504-00095384": "where the hell is he", "il2VBYMuamU-00079-00095848-00095968": "where the [ __ ] does he have", "il2VBYMuamU-00080-00096616-00096784": "what oh yes", "il2VBYMuamU-00081-00099656-00100984": "run", "il2VBYMuamU-00082-00101800-00102384": "these guys", "il2VBYMuamU-00083-00103511-00103783": "oh", "il2VBYMuamU-00084-00104816-00105183": "great i [ __ ] killed me", "il2VBYMuamU-00085-00105735-00106583": "oh", "il2VBYMuamU-00086-00106992-00107983": "where the hell", "il2VBYMuamU-00087-00108056-00108192": "anyway i don't see him anywhere", "il2VBYMuamU-00088-00108576-00109383": "let's keep finding this out", "il2VBYMuamU-00089-00112016-00112183": "oh crap", "il2VBYMuamU-00090-00116032-00116383": "i don't know where the hell he is but", "il2VBYMuamU-00091-00119752-00120583": "um", "il2VBYMuamU-00092-00121832-00121983": "boom", "il2VBYMuamU-00093-00123176-00123720": "you left let's splits last give an a p milk six", "il2VBYMuamU-00094-00123944-00124072": "milk 16.", "il2VBYMuamU-00095-00124864-00124952": "let's put this back on", "il2VBYMuamU-00096-00125200-00125416": "we should probably decorate the whole thing i guess", "il2VBYMuamU-00097-00125864-00126183": "okay i forgot about that if you can't", "il2VBYMuamU-00098-00127159-00127232": "where you going", "il2VBYMuamU-00099-00127520-00129016": "are you um", "il2VBYMuamU-00100-00129016-00130383": "as the water is avoided", "il2VBYMuamU-00101-00131192-00131752": "oh [ __ ]", "il2VBYMuamU-00102-00131752-00131880": "okay he roared at me", "il2VBYMuamU-00103-00132336-00132400": "oh shit", "il2VBYMuamU-00104-00133024-00134584": "no i need that wait you're already chasing me", "il2VBYMuamU-00105-00134712-00135984": "hmm", "il2VBYMuamU-00106-00138720-00140208": "i'm going to get an anvil", "il2VBYMuamU-00107-00140208-00140384": "what's going to knock back again", "il2VBYMuamU-00108-00141064-00141584": "keep going well", "il2VBYMuamU-00109-00142144-00142344": "yeah everything's almost broken both way", "il2VBYMuamU-00110-00142600-00142656": "keep going", "il2VBYMuamU-00111-00142968-00143328": "first game mode and survival because i'm normal again", "il2VBYMuamU-00112-00144096-00144384": "here we oh there he go", "il2VBYMuamU-00113-00144456-00145784": "oh my god", "il2VBYMuamU-00114-00146920-00147647": "oh [ __ ]", "il2VBYMuamU-00115-00147647-00148584": "[ __ ] you", "il2VBYMuamU-00116-00149848-00149984": "run", "il2VBYMuamU-00117-00151056-00151106": "whoa", "il2VBYMuamU-00118-00152376-00152784": "oh my god", "il2VBYMuamU-00119-00153808-00154184": "hmm", "il2VBYMuamU-00120-00156344-00156984": "oh", "il2VBYMuamU-00121-00157104-00158384": "well guys i think we're gonna almost gonna wrap up", "il2VBYMuamU-00122-00159760-00159984": "hey guys we're gonna be under [ __ ] up here", "il2VBYMuamU-00123-00160928-00161184": "oh", "il2VBYMuamU-00124-00162344-00162584": "oh you should be careful", "il2VBYMuamU-00125-00163832-00163984": "oh", "il2VBYMuamU-00126-00165128-00165384": "okay guys", "il2VBYMuamU-00127-00166520-00166616": "let's see what", "il2VBYMuamU-00128-00166832-00168184": "where's the warden", "il2VBYMuamU-00129-00168496-00169584": "oh no", "il2VBYMuamU-00130-00169896-00170144": "i don't even can't see i don't see  damn anymore", "il2VBYMuamU-00131-00170848-00170984": "oh no", "il2VBYMuamU-00132-00172400-00172496": "what the hell", "il2VBYMuamU-00133-00173576-00173704": "this is i think we're doing", "il2VBYMuamU-00134-00174696-00175184": "oh my god", "il2VBYMuamU-00135-00179320-00179616": "all right guys so we're gonna almost be wrapping up today's video", "il2VBYMuamU-00136-00179968-00180784": "oh no", "il2VBYMuamU-00137-00181600-00182184": "oh no", "il2VBYMuamU-00138-00182808-00183584": "so", "il2VBYMuamU-00139-00184008-00184984": "oh", "il2VBYMuamU-00140-00185936-00186384": "players", "il2VBYMuamU-00141-00187272-00187784": "oh my god you almost killed me", "il2VBYMuamU-00142-00188752-00189184": "where the hell happened to my shield", "il2VBYMuamU-00143-00189328-00190584": "i don't even have another [ __ ] deal i am screwed", "il2VBYMuamU-00144-00190800-00190850": "what", "il2VBYMuamU-00145-00191264-00191320": "okay guys", "il2VBYMuamU-00146-00193200-00193384": "the warriors", "il2VBYMuamU-00147-00194176-00194784": "really quickly i do not", "il2VBYMuamU-00148-00195664-00196184": "oh i think i heard one going back out great", "il2VBYMuamU-00149-00196768-00197584": "okay i don't care", "il2VBYMuamU-00150-00198392-00198984": "hmm", "il2VBYMuamU-00151-00200296-00200528": "rounds that's really good two bombs that's really cool", "il2VBYMuamU-00152-00200984-00201784": "wait did he just yep he just [ __ ] broke my helmet oh great", "il2VBYMuamU-00153-00202176-00203184": "then", "il2VBYMuamU-00154-00203520-00203776": "okay yeah let's go", "il2VBYMuamU-00155-00204104-00204154": "all right", "il2VBYMuamU-00156-00204424-00204976": "here we go trap this one this is just this one", "il2VBYMuamU-00157-00205864-00206064": "oh crap oh crap", "il2VBYMuamU-00158-00206608-00206658": "ow", "il2VBYMuamU-00159-00207032-00207384": "this guy is still chasing me", "il2VBYMuamU-00160-00208656-00208719": "you can", "il2VBYMuamU-00161-00209792-00209842": "oh", "il2VBYMuamU-00162-00210144-00211584": "all right let's go i don't he avoided anywhere where the hell is he", "il2VBYMuamU-00163-00213584-00214384": "so", "il2VBYMuamU-00164-00215488-00215784": "where the hell is he", "il2VBYMuamU-00165-00216071-00217184": "what up", "il2VBYMuamU-00166-00218471-00219984": "y'all already born", "il2VBYMuamU-00167-00221056-00221384": "is almost broken", "il2VBYMuamU-00168-00221888-00222784": "so", "il2VBYMuamU-00169-00223952-00224184": "oh", "il2VBYMuamU-00170-00225296-00225584": "oh", "il2VBYMuamU-00171-00225928-00226984": "my arm is almost broken", "il2VBYMuamU-00172-00227952-00228384": "yeah everything", "il2VBYMuamU-00173-00229608-00231184": "what the hell is that roaring coming from", "il2VBYMuamU-00174-00231784-00232584": "it", "il2VBYMuamU-00175-00233528-00233623": "what the hell was that", "il2VBYMuamU-00176-00233960-00234016": "what the", "il2VBYMuamU-00177-00234464-00235384": "rod i couldn't see a damn thing", "il2VBYMuamU-00178-00236208-00236784": "this guy's fast as hell", "il2VBYMuamU-00179-00237600-00238223": "we got great money broken", "il2VBYMuamU-00180-00238223-00239584": "hmm", "il2VBYMuamU-00181-00239680-00242384": "i died oh i just hit him on fire", "il2VBYMuamU-00182-00245671-00246584": "oh god", "il2VBYMuamU-00183-00246919-00247984": "hey guys that's going to be thank you all for watching"}}, {"audio_id": "il7trtWvqrE", "text": {"il7trtWvqrE-00000-00000142-00001158": "from edited", "il7trtWvqrE-00001-00001392-00001592": "In Moscow, Sedova street,", "il7trtWvqrE-00002-00001593-00001748": "in the Gymnasium \"Sviblovo\"", "il7trtWvqrE-00003-00001748-00002128": "there is a school museum dedicated to a famous poet.", "il7trtWvqrE-00004-00002128-00002374": "The museum is located in a small", "il7trtWvqrE-00005-00002374-00002532": "multipurpose room.", "il7trtWvqrE-00006-00002532-00002816": "It is an exhibit and a storage place,", "il7trtWvqrE-00007-00002816-00003104": "and also a room where children can have a rest", "il7trtWvqrE-00008-00003104-00003382": "and do certain museum activities.", "il7trtWvqrE-00009-00003382-00003604": "You can find memorial items", "il7trtWvqrE-00010-00003604-00003800": "from the writer’s apartment,", "il7trtWvqrE-00011-00003800-00004074": "where he lived the last years of his life.", "il7trtWvqrE-00012-00004074-00004322": "This is a desk with a typewriter", "il7trtWvqrE-00013-00004322-00004550": "and a manuscript of a poem...", "il7trtWvqrE-00014-00004550-00004652": "On the table", "il7trtWvqrE-00015-00004652-00004928": "there is a bust of Vladimir Vysotsky,", "il7trtWvqrE-00016-00004928-00005082": "whose work he studied,", "il7trtWvqrE-00017-00005082-00005292": "the portrait of his wife -", "il7trtWvqrE-00018-00005292-00005666": "the storyteller and artist Tatyana Alexandrova.", "il7trtWvqrE-00019-00005666-00005968": "The tale \"Kuz’ka\" by Tatyana Alexandrova", "il7trtWvqrE-00020-00005968-00006220": "impressed the Japanese so much", "il7trtWvqrE-00021-00006220-00006500": "that it was translated into Japanese.", "il7trtWvqrE-00022-00006500-00006748": "Original illustrations were produced", "il7trtWvqrE-00023-00006750-00006994": "especially for that publication.", "il7trtWvqrE-00024-00006994-00007112": "For many years", "il7trtWvqrE-00025-00007112-00007323": "he was a promoter of his wife’s", "il7trtWvqrE-00026-00007323-00007473": "creative work.", "il7trtWvqrE-00027-00007473-00007650": "He collected her drawings", "il7trtWvqrE-00028-00007650-00007908": "and published them with his poems.", "il7trtWvqrE-00029-00007908-00008226": "This edition was given a literary Award.", "il7trtWvqrE-00030-00008226-00008394": "Berestov’s relatives", "il7trtWvqrE-00031-00008394-00008638": "handed his Pushkin literary fund", "il7trtWvqrE-00032-00008638-00008832": "over to the museum.", "il7trtWvqrE-00033-00008832-00008912": "In these books,", "il7trtWvqrE-00034-00008912-00009062": "you can find notes", "il7trtWvqrE-00035-00009062-00009290": "made by the researcher’s hand.", "il7trtWvqrE-00036-00009290-00009588": "And here are the results of his discoveries:", "il7trtWvqrE-00037-00009588-00009968": "an article about Alexander Pushkin's childhood,", "il7trtWvqrE-00038-00009970-00010170": "\"Pushkin’s Early love.\"", "il7trtWvqrE-00039-00010170-00010440": "The article was published in the collection", "il7trtWvqrE-00040-00010440-00010644": "of the State Pushkin Museum.", "il7trtWvqrE-00041-00010644-00010942": "According to the writer’s  widow’s memoirs,", "il7trtWvqrE-00042-00010942-00011238": "they specifically chose this furniture.", "il7trtWvqrE-00043-00011238-00011488": "This stand has a special segments", "il7trtWvqrE-00044-00011488-00011664": "for storing records.", "il7trtWvqrE-00045-00011664-00011960": "The poet had a large audio library.", "il7trtWvqrE-00046-00011960-00012132": "Only 17 of them", "il7trtWvqrE-00047-00012132-00012412": "were handed over to our museum,", "il7trtWvqrE-00048-00012414-00012542": "but all of them", "il7trtWvqrE-00049-00012542-00012840": "have the autographs of famous people,", "il7trtWvqrE-00050-00012840-00013024": "poets Novella Matveeva,", "il7trtWvqrE-00051-00013024-00013141": "Naum Korzhavin", "il7trtWvqrE-00052-00013141-00013358": "and bards Andrew Anpilov", "il7trtWvqrE-00053-00013358-00013600": "and others are among them.", "il7trtWvqrE-00054-00013600-00013778": "So, you are in a museum", "il7trtWvqrE-00055-00013778-00014094": "«The Museum of Berestov & His Surroundings».", "il7trtWvqrE-00056-00014094-00014186": "Valentin Berestov", "il7trtWvqrE-00057-00014186-00014328": "was a writer,", "il7trtWvqrE-00058-00014328-00014629": "a  poet, an archaeologist and a historian,", "il7trtWvqrE-00059-00014629-00014897": "a literary critic, a Pushkinist.", "il7trtWvqrE-00060-00014897-00015124": "Berestov gained his popularity", "il7trtWvqrE-00061-00015124-00015247": "for his poems", "il7trtWvqrE-00062-00015247-00015404": "for the youngest readers.", "il7trtWvqrE-00063-00015404-00015619": "He wrote his very first poem -", "il7trtWvqrE-00064-00015619-00016006": "\"About the car,\" to his daughter Marina.", "il7trtWvqrE-00065-00016006-00016226": "Then there were other poems:", "il7trtWvqrE-00066-00016226-00016392": "\"Bear the couch potato\",", "il7trtWvqrE-00067-00016392-00016524": "\"Hare the drummer\",", "il7trtWvqrE-00068-00016524-00016636": "\"Cheerful summer\",", "il7trtWvqrE-00069-00016636-00016708": "\"Dragon\",", "il7trtWvqrE-00070-00016708-00016798": "\"Cat’s Puppy\",", "il7trtWvqrE-00071-00016798-00016920": "\"Christmas ball\".", "il7trtWvqrE-00072-00016920-00017076": "These books were published", "il7trtWvqrE-00073-00017076-00017228": "in millions of copies.", "il7trtWvqrE-00074-00017228-00017384": "And the most famous", "il7trtWvqrE-00075-00017384-00017596": "was the poem \"Chitalochka\".", "il7trtWvqrE-00076-00017596-00017736": "At first it was placed", "il7trtWvqrE-00077-00017736-00017914": "in the \"Primer Sputnik\",", "il7trtWvqrE-00078-00017914-00018224": "and then was included in the \"ABCs\".", "il7trtWvqrE-00079-00018224-00018362": "Soon they began to be translated", "il7trtWvqrE-00080-00018362-00018648": "into foreign languages.", "il7trtWvqrE-00081-00018648-00018762": "Valentin Berestov", "il7trtWvqrE-00082-00018762-00018928": "traveled around the world", "il7trtWvqrE-00083-00018928-00019208": "with lectures, performances, and", "il7trtWvqrE-00084-00019208-00019552": "attended numerous international book fairs.", "il7trtWvqrE-00085-00019552-00019778": "One trip was very unusual.", "il7trtWvqrE-00086-00019778-00020038": "He traveled to Italy to Arpino,", "il7trtWvqrE-00087-00020038-00020178": "Cicero’s homeland,", "il7trtWvqrE-00088-00020178-00020354": "invited by the famous writer", "il7trtWvqrE-00089-00020354-00020510": "Giuseppe Bonaviri", "il7trtWvqrE-00090-00020510-00020702": "to participate in the \"stone book\"", "il7trtWvqrE-00091-00020702-00021040": "urban architectural design project.", "il7trtWvqrE-00092-00021040-00021188": "When he came to this city,", "il7trtWvqrE-00093-00021188-00021310": "it struck him.", "il7trtWvqrE-00094-00021310-00021495": "And Berestov wrote a poem", "il7trtWvqrE-00095-00021496-00021634": "called \"bird's eye\"", "il7trtWvqrE-00096-00021634-00021836": "specifically for this book.", "il7trtWvqrE-00097-00021838-00021958": "Berestov’s creativity", "il7trtWvqrE-00098-00021958-00022204": "was marked with high awards,", "il7trtWvqrE-00099-00022204-00022474": "both in Russia and abroad.", "il7trtWvqrE-00100-00022474-00022650": "In 1990", "il7trtWvqrE-00101-00022650-00022794": "Berestov was awarded", "il7trtWvqrE-00102-00022796-00023116": "the State Award for the book \"Smile\".", "il7trtWvqrE-00103-00023116-00023296": "In 1988", "il7trtWvqrE-00104-00023296-00023508": "Berestov was included in the list", "il7trtWvqrE-00105-00023508-00023748": "of winners of IBBY,", "il7trtWvqrE-00106-00023748-00023918": "as well as his friend,", "il7trtWvqrE-00107-00023918-00024116": "illustrator Leo Tokmakov.", "il7trtWvqrE-00108-00024116-00024446": "This diploma is kept in the museum.", "il7trtWvqrE-00109-00024446-00024596": "The museum library", "il7trtWvqrE-00110-00024596-00024846": "contains a lot of Berestov’s books", "il7trtWvqrE-00111-00024846-00025102": "with illustrations by Tokmakov.", "il7trtWvqrE-00112-00025102-00025310": "But the most unusual exhibit", "il7trtWvqrE-00113-00025310-00025566": "was the manuscript of the poem", "il7trtWvqrE-00114-00025566-00025754": "\"On the way to Venice,\"", "il7trtWvqrE-00115-00025754-00025966": "which they wrote together.", "il7trtWvqrE-00116-00025966-00026318": "Surpisingly, Tokmakov also wrote poetry.", "il7trtWvqrE-00117-00026318-00026564": "The preface to the first edition", "il7trtWvqrE-00118-00026564-00026730": "was written by Berestov.", "il7trtWvqrE-00119-00026730-00026872": "In 2020,", "il7trtWvqrE-00120-00026872-00027072": "Russia will hold the International", "il7trtWvqrE-00121-00027072-00027352": "Congress on Books for Young People", "il7trtWvqrE-00122-00027352-00027476": "for the first time.", "il7trtWvqrE-00123-00027476-00027804": "Writers, artists, librarians, critics,", "il7trtWvqrE-00124-00027804-00028066": "researchers from all around the world", "il7trtWvqrE-00125-00028066-00028222": "will gather to discuss", "il7trtWvqrE-00126-00028222-00028382": "what literature and books", "il7trtWvqrE-00127-00028382-00028580": "for children and young people", "il7trtWvqrE-00128-00028589-00028930": "should be like in the future."}}, {"audio_id": "ilpRuJD5zE0", "text": {"ilpRuJD5zE0-00000-00000000-00000200": "Rocky Gemer YT"}}, {"audio_id": "ilrtqDbl-fE", "text": {"ilrtqDbl-fE-00000-00000000-00000200": "FOR QUERY CALL 9812083133"}}, {"audio_id": "ilt1e3u68Wc", "text": {"ilt1e3u68Wc-00000-00000048-00000367": "all right good morning everyone this is", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00001-00000215-00000535": "uh john southerland i'm", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00002-00000367-00000679": "head of environmental ecological", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00003-00000535-00001071": "engineering and i'm very", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00004-00000679-00001392": "pleased to welcome our distinguished", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00005-00001071-00001488": "guest speaker for the research seminar", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00006-00001392-00001760": "today", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00007-00001488-00001823": "and that is professor david zomback who", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00008-00001760-00002135": "is the", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00009-00001823-00002264": "hammerslag university professor and head", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00010-00002135-00002432": "of the department of civil and", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00011-00002264-00002624": "environmental engineering at carnegie", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00012-00002432-00002808": "mellon university", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00013-00002624-00003032": "uh just tell you a little bit about dave", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00014-00002808-00003279": "he has a ba in", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00015-00003032-00003471": "math from st vincent college and a", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00016-00003279-00003615": "bachelor's in civil engineering from", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00017-00003471-00003936": "carnegie mellon", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00018-00003615-00004296": "uh he went on to receive uh his", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00019-00003936-00004632": "phd in civil engineering from mit", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00020-00004296-00004823": "uh david does", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00021-00004632-00004944": "research and teaching in terms of water", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00022-00004823-00005248": "quality engineering", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00023-00004944-00005448": "water resource sustainability", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00024-00005248-00005784": "and today he is going to talk a little", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00025-00005448-00005968": "bit about climate change", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00026-00005784-00006216": "so with that brief introduction", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00027-00005968-00006352": "induction let's all welcome professor", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00028-00006216-00006576": "david zomback", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00029-00006352-00006720": "thank you thank you professor sutherland", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00030-00006576-00006928": "uh professor welton", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00031-00006720-00007031": "cresta all those who uh for the", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00032-00006928-00007176": "invitation and", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00033-00007031-00007408": "and uh all those who helped the", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00034-00007176-00007559": "preparation for my visit today", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00035-00007408-00007759": "i'm delighted to be with you i have so", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00036-00007559-00008047": "many friends at purdue for so many years", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00037-00007759-00008184": "and uh it's an honor to be with you uh", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00038-00008047-00008304": "as i've mentioned to professor", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00039-00008184-00008656": "sutherland my father", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00040-00008304-00009040": "is a ph.d alum of purdue university", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00041-00008656-00009240": "uh in chemistry in the late 1940s", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00042-00009040-00009407": "so quite an honor to be here i'm going", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00043-00009240-00009624": "to be speaking today about", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00044-00009407-00009720": "climate change adaptation for", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00045-00009624-00009896": "infrastructure", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00046-00009720-00010040": "i call it a grand challenge for civil", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00047-00009896-00010296": "environmental engineering and", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00048-00010040-00010496": "ecological engineering indeed for all of", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00049-00010296-00010728": "engineering", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00050-00010496-00011032": "so we'll talk a bit about climate change", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00051-00010728-00011207": "and its relationship with infrastructure", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00052-00011032-00011407": "some research needs well there are many", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00053-00011207-00011624": "research needs that we have", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00054-00011407-00011752": "in civil environmental and ecological", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00055-00011624-00011888": "engineering", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00056-00011752-00012088": "talk a bit about some research at", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00057-00011888-00012432": "carnegie mellon and", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00058-00012088-00012800": "finish up with a discussion of why", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00059-00012432-00013112": "it poses a grand challenge for us", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00060-00012800-00013376": "so we're running the big experiment uh", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00061-00013112-00013695": "putting we put a lot of greenhouse gas", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00062-00013376-00013823": "into the atmosphere primarily co2", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00063-00013695-00014031": "we put a lot of methane in the", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00064-00013823-00014256": "atmosphere uh", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00065-00014031-00014359": "if you're familiar with this graph uh", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00066-00014256-00014687": "many of you that", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00067-00014359-00014880": "the co2 level in the atmosphere is", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00068-00014687-00015136": "higher than it's been than", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00069-00014880-00015440": "uh over a million years and uh the", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00070-00015136-00015808": "current co2 level", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00071-00015440-00016144": "the late 1800s pre-industrial era about", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00072-00015808-00016592": "280 parts per million", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00073-00016144-00016831": "and uh now we i just uh", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00074-00016592-00017087": "checked uh yesterday's level at the", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00075-00016831-00017304": "mauna loa observatory in hawaii 411", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00076-00017087-00017472": "parts per million co2", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00077-00017304-00017664": "co2 has a very long life in the", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00078-00017472-00018031": "atmosphere about 100 years", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00079-00017664-00018344": "and uh so co2 emitted", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00080-00018031-00018544": "100 years ago is still there", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00081-00018344-00018736": "and as we keep pumping co2 in the", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00082-00018544-00018976": "atmosphere it's accumulating", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00083-00018736-00019072": "here's some recent data from mauna loa", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00084-00018976-00019448": "and", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00085-00019072-00019600": "you can see the uh the annual cycle here", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00086-00019448-00019864": "as the earth", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00087-00019600-00019912": "breathes during the vegetated part of", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00088-00019864-00020208": "the year", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00089-00019912-00020304": "and especially in the uh the northern", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00090-00020208-00020608": "hemisphere", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00091-00020304-00020704": "uh and and but steadily you see the", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00092-00020608-00021064": "annual average", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00093-00020704-00021384": "uh creeping up and that is going to", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00094-00021064-00021384": "continue to grow", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00095-00021415-00021936": "so the national climate assessment the", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00096-00021728-00022184": "united states", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00097-00021936-00022328": "there have been several versions of that", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00098-00022184-00022431": "the most recent national climate", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00099-00022328-00022615": "assessment for", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00100-00022431-00022784": "national climate climate assessment five", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00101-00022615-00022944": "is in development due to be released in", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00102-00022784-00023304": "2023", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00103-00022944-00023615": "there are excellent uh resources about", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00104-00023304-00023776": "documenting the extent of climate change", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00105-00023615-00023895": "in the united states the impacts of", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00106-00023776-00024215": "climate change", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00107-00023895-00024584": "on globalchange.gov", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00108-00024215-00024904": "and many good uh resources there", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00109-00024584-00025295": "on pages and this is uh", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00110-00024904-00025440": "uh a page with focus on impact so with", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00111-00025295-00025679": "the full report", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00112-00025440-00025847": "from 2014 that received it was updated", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00113-00025679-00026175": "in 2017", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00114-00025847-00026352": "uh provides region by region impacts and", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00115-00026175-00026468": "uh those of you interested in this topic", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00116-00026352-00026863": "i encourage you to go to", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00117-00026468-00027232": "globalchange.gov and take a look", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00118-00026863-00027512": "so uh the the data for the u.s", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00119-00027232-00027712": "uh are clear that uh we have been", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00120-00027512-00028083": "undergoing climate change for", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00121-00027712-00028416": "quite some time and uh this", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00122-00028083-00028639": "uh graphic from", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00123-00028416-00029000": "the national climate assessment showing", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00124-00028639-00029439": "observed u.s temperature change", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00125-00029000-00029839": "uh looking at change from 1901 to 1960", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00126-00029439-00030047": "uh from 1991 2012 compared to 1901 to", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00127-00029839-00030263": "1960 average", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00128-00030047-00030463": "and uh you could see a couple of things", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00129-00030263-00030719": "here that there are", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00130-00030463-00030768": "uh there's quite a bit of heterogeneity", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00131-00030719-00030968": "uh", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00132-00030768-00031103": "differences in in how temperature has", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00133-00030968-00031463": "changed or", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00134-00031103-00031663": "or not across the country and", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00135-00031463-00031847": "uh and we're going to be talking about", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00136-00031663-00032063": "that heterogeneities uh", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00137-00031847-00032439": "in terms of climate change effects as we", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00138-00032063-00032608": "move along here", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00139-00032439-00032847": "so we're going to be talking about", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00140-00032608-00032944": "adaptation of adapting to the reality of", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00141-00032847-00033344": "climate change", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00142-00032944-00033432": "uh of course mitigation uh reducing the", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00143-00033344-00033840": "amount of", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00144-00033432-00034136": "greenhouse gases that we emit", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00145-00033840-00034360": "is also a large focus of society and of", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00146-00034136-00034680": "research", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00147-00034360-00035000": "and this paper from 2016 from", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00148-00034680-00035328": "uh james hansen at all hanson", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00149-00035000-00035736": "uh some of you will know was a a", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00150-00035328-00036103": "longtime uh we lead scientist on climate", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00151-00035736-00036328": "uh uh modeling at uh nasa", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00152-00036103-00036416": "uh was among the first to sound the", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00153-00036328-00036816": "alarm in the", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00154-00036416-00037008": "1980s about the climate change", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00155-00036816-00037119": "challenge confronting the us and the", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00156-00037008-00037384": "world", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00157-00037119-00037519": "and he's been outside of government for", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00158-00037384-00037816": "some time now but still", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00159-00037519-00037928": "working in this paper in 2016 young", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00160-00037816-00038256": "people's burden", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00161-00037928-00038591": "requirement of negative co2 emissions", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00162-00038256-00038968": "and this in this paper uh", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00163-00038591-00039288": "it discusses the continued growth", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00164-00038968-00039456": "of greenhouse gas emissions", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00165-00039288-00039647": "despite a lot of awareness of the", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00166-00039456-00039912": "challenge of the problem", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00167-00039647-00040112": "uh over the past decade from 2016", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00168-00039912-00040184": "looking backward 20 percent growth over", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00169-00040112-00040519": "the decade", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00170-00040184-00040831": "mainly due to methane and", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00171-00040519-00040975": "with each edition of greenhouse gas the", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00172-00040831-00041159": "atmosphere given the long life", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00173-00040975-00041416": "especially co2 methane is", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00174-00041159-00041584": "is shorter lived in the atmosphere but", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00175-00041416-00041919": "especially co2", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00176-00041584-00042008": "makes it increasingly unlikely unlikely", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00177-00041919-00042175": "we'll be able to achieve", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00178-00042008-00042400": "targets such as limiting global warming", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00179-00042175-00042752": "to one and a half degrees centigrade or", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00180-00042400-00043056": "reducing co2 below 350 parts per million", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00181-00042752-00043431": "to do that uh hanson and", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00182-00043056-00043600": "and colleagues put forward will require", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00183-00043431-00043863": "substantial negative emissions that", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00184-00043600-00044144": "is active extraction co2 from the", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00185-00043863-00044512": "atmosphere treating the atmosphere", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00186-00044144-00044575": "and there are technologies that have", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00187-00044512-00044744": "been", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00188-00044575-00044919": "developed toward that to continue to be", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00189-00044744-00045231": "developed", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00190-00044919-00045359": "the scale of the challenge is uh", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00191-00045231-00045591": "humongous and", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00192-00045359-00045688": "um there are companies that exist", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00193-00045591-00045936": "actually that", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00194-00045688-00046144": "you know have technologies out there but", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00195-00045936-00046336": "to do it at scale would require a lot of", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00196-00046144-00046400": "money and here's their estimate 100 to", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00197-00046336-00046824": "500", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00198-00046400-00047184": "trillion dollars for this century and", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00199-00046824-00047240": "uh it it you know it seems unlikely that", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00200-00047184-00047440": "we would", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00201-00047240-00047575": "get that serious about about the", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00202-00047440-00047824": "challenge", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00203-00047575-00048031": "so uh they end with this rather gloomy", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00204-00047824-00048119": "assessment continued high greenhouse gas", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00205-00048031-00048287": "emissions", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00206-00048119-00048591": "sent sentences young people to either a", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00207-00048287-00048808": "massive possibly implausible cleanup", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00208-00048591-00049384": "or growing deleterious climate impacts", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00209-00048808-00049384": "or both", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00210-00049496-00050287": "so climate change is", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00211-00049903-00050591": "is a slow uh steadily", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00212-00050287-00050712": "increasing challenge uh we have time to", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00213-00050591-00050959": "respond", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00214-00050712-00051208": "but infrastructure is part of what's", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00215-00050959-00051551": "being impacted by climate change", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00216-00051208-00051703": "and uh that the impacts include", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00217-00051551-00051976": "of course the probably the highest", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00218-00051703-00052264": "visibility impact of sea level rise", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00219-00051976-00052448": "in storm surge and i like to say the", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00220-00052264-00052616": "point of the spear for climate change in", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00221-00052448-00052951": "the united states is", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00222-00052616-00053232": "south florida uh and alaska where", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00223-00052951-00053351": "uh the effects of climate change are", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00224-00053232-00053655": "most apparent most", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00225-00053351-00053808": "and and increasing most rapidly", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00226-00053655-00054095": "especially with respect to sea level", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00227-00053808-00054464": "rise temperature increases the", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00228-00054095-00054632": "challenge in the in the uh in alaska", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00229-00054464-00054783": "uh heavier and more frequent rainfall", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00230-00054632-00054936": "that's affecting large parts of the", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00231-00054783-00055183": "country certainly here in pittsburgh", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00232-00054936-00055360": "floods and droughts", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00233-00055183-00055600": "wetter areas are getting wetter drier", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00234-00055360-00055927": "areas are getting drier in general", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00235-00055600-00056008": "extreme heat what the southwest is", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00236-00055927-00056167": "facing what they", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00237-00056008-00056336": "but then what they experienced this", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00238-00056167-00056639": "summer in phoenix", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00239-00056336-00056983": "um really extreme", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00240-00056639-00057239": "uh and landslides", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00241-00056983-00057376": "permafrost instability effects on on", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00242-00057239-00057695": "land", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00243-00057376-00057951": "these are all significant challenges so", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00244-00057695-00058024": "uh and these are affecting communities", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00245-00057951-00058344": "everywhere", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00246-00058024-00058416": "and uh in different ways communities", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00247-00058344-00058608": "have", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00248-00058416-00058800": "questions they're looking for guidance", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00249-00058608-00058927": "engineers working in this community", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00250-00058800-00059151": "have questions and are looking for", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00251-00058927-00059479": "guidance", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00252-00059151-00059751": "the photo here is from houston where in", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00253-00059479-00060207": "august 2017 they experienced", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00254-00059751-00060472": "over three days 55 inches of rainfall", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00255-00060207-00060712": "55 inches of rainfall that is a", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00256-00060472-00061055": "cataclysmic amount of water", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00257-00060712-00061176": "and have vast impacts and uh and houston", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00258-00061055-00061495": "is still", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00259-00061176-00061800": "uh working to recover from that and and", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00260-00061495-00062127": "uh and change the way they do business", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00261-00061800-00062416": "with respect to storm water management", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00262-00062127-00062655": "so the challenge for us in engineering", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00263-00062416-00062655": "is", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00264-00062672-00063455": "looking ahead at how we design", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00265-00063055-00063704": "build operate and manage infrastructure", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00266-00063455-00063927": "help in planning and design how do we", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00267-00063704-00064312": "account for the climate of the future", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00268-00063927-00064527": "uh and this the regulations and", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00269-00064312-00064848": "standards that we have", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00270-00064527-00065064": "how how do we update them", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00271-00064848-00065239": "do we need to update them how do we make", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00272-00065064-00065512": "them adaptable to", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00273-00065239-00065656": "a range of future climate conditions", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00274-00065512-00065783": "there's uncertainty about what the", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00275-00065656-00065992": "climate conditions will be", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00276-00065783-00066239": "in particular locations and how do we", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00277-00065992-00066504": "accommodate that uncertainty", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00278-00066239-00066656": "now these these are challenges that we", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00279-00066504-00066856": "encounter in engineering", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00280-00066656-00066983": "and uh we can step up to them we just", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00281-00066856-00067351": "need to get you know", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00282-00066983-00067544": "organized and uh and step up to it", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00283-00067351-00067712": "and as part of that for the american", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00284-00067544-00068000": "society of civil engineers", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00285-00067712-00068168": "uh which by the way you know of those of", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00286-00068000-00068327": "you who are members of american society", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00287-00068168-00068632": "civil engineers is", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00288-00068327-00068960": "really stepping up to this challenge", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00289-00068632-00069200": "several committees focused on uh", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00290-00068960-00069344": "adapting to a changing climate and uh", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00291-00069200-00069536": "including this this", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00292-00069344-00069776": "one committee with a specific focus and", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00293-00069536-00069839": "they've put out two reports the first of", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00294-00069776-00070120": "theirs", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00295-00069839-00070224": "the larger report 2015 it's available", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00296-00070120-00070392": "for free download", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00297-00070224-00070576": "adapting infrastructure to civil", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00298-00070392-00070712": "engineering practice", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00299-00070576-00070944": "and civil engineering practice to a", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00300-00070712-00071072": "changing climate i encourage you to take", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00301-00070944-00071120": "a look at that if you're interested in", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00302-00071072-00071439": "the", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00303-00071120-00071607": "in the topic and all aspects of", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00304-00071439-00071816": "infrastructure affected by climate", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00305-00071607-00072088": "change certainly water resources", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00306-00071816-00072088": "infrastructure", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00307-00072120-00072760": "with all the kinds of water resources", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00308-00072360-00073063": "infrastructure we design operate manage", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00309-00072760-00073200": "and that includes the water resources", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00310-00073063-00073504": "infrastructure that", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00311-00073200-00073792": "we focus on ecological engineering are", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00312-00073504-00073944": "impacted i'll hear a picture of hoover", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00313-00073792-00074280": "dam", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00314-00073944-00074583": "lake mead it's impounded by hoover dam", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00315-00074280-00074888": "the uh tower water intakes uh", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00316-00074583-00075127": "near the dam uh the", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00317-00074888-00075216": "there are two intakes uh the first of", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00318-00075127-00075416": "which the", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00319-00075216-00075639": "the highest of which has been daylighted", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00320-00075416-00075944": "uh hoover dam or the lake mead excuse me", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00321-00075639-00076000": "has been at about half capacity for", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00322-00075944-00076344": "quite", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00323-00076000-00076592": "uh a few years now uh and", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00324-00076344-00076648": "uh it's thought that it will never be at", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00325-00076592-00077112": "full", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00326-00076648-00077407": "elevation again uh the", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00327-00077112-00077576": "intense storms intense intense", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00328-00077407-00077695": "increasing intensity of hurricanes is", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00329-00077576-00078032": "affecting", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00330-00077695-00078072": "uh storage and uh dams uh here a photo", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00331-00078032-00078383": "with", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00332-00078072-00078695": "puerto rico where uh a dam almost failed", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00333-00078383-00078920": "2017 due to", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00334-00078695-00079144": "storms not previously storm intensities", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00335-00078920-00079368": "not previously encountered", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00336-00079144-00079536": "this is a picture of of course coastal", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00337-00079368-00079816": "infrastructure", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00338-00079536-00080112": "a picture of coastal new jersey", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00339-00079816-00080424": "following superstorm sandy in 2012", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00340-00080112-00080576": "uh where uh large amounts of", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00341-00080424-00080776": "infrastructure", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00342-00080576-00080951": "completely inundated by the storm surge", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00343-00080776-00081288": "this has changed", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00344-00080951-00081568": "at least changed somewhat practices uh", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00345-00081288-00081656": "for how we zone how we build what we", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00346-00081568-00082048": "insure", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00347-00081656-00082351": "how we build uh", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00348-00082048-00082463": "so you know again coastal impacts quite", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00349-00082351-00082807": "significant", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00350-00082463-00083024": "uh inland uh with", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00351-00082807-00083136": "storms like 55 inches of water in", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00352-00083024-00083424": "houston", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00353-00083136-00083456": "uh or uh here a picture on the left uh", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00354-00083424-00083832": "in", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00355-00083456-00084063": "from nashville tennessee uh previously", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00356-00083832-00084200": "unencountered uh you know 500 year", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00357-00084063-00084656": "storms that", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00358-00084200-00084656": "created vast amounts of flooding", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00359-00084672-00085336": "flooded the grand old opry and of course", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00360-00085032-00085512": "flooded a water and wastewater water", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00361-00085336-00085663": "supply and wastewater treatment plants", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00362-00085512-00086056": "along the river", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00363-00085663-00086151": "uh here in tennessee and in 2017 in", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00364-00086056-00086360": "houston i think", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00365-00086151-00086560": "from memory something like 55 plants", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00366-00086360-00086839": "were completely inundated", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00367-00086560-00086992": "and it took them many weeks to get some", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00368-00086839-00087151": "of them many weeks to get back into", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00369-00086992-00087288": "service and of course during that time", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00370-00087151-00087488": "there's a lot of raw sewage being", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00371-00087288-00087807": "discharged", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00372-00087488-00088112": "transportation infrastructure from", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00373-00087807-00088336": "flooding from wildfires", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00374-00088112-00088488": "wildfires affect all sorts of", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00375-00088336-00088695": "infrastructure of course professor", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00376-00088488-00088895": "welton has been working in", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00377-00088695-00089000": "california with the impacts of the", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00378-00088895-00089336": "wildfires there", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00379-00089000-00089583": "on on drinking water systems on", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00380-00089336-00089776": "uh on the water quality drinking water", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00381-00089583-00090016": "quality and systems that were", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00382-00089776-00090168": "able to maintain functioning but with", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00383-00090016-00090336": "with impacts to their quality of the", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00384-00090168-00090760": "water", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00385-00090336-00090760": "this photo on the bottom right is uh", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00386-00090832-00091560": "shows uh the aftermath of flooding of", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00387-00091160-00091816": "an intense storm cell in pittsburgh", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00388-00091560-00091983": "uh created flooding unexperienced in a", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00389-00091816-00092183": "particular valley", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00390-00091983-00092344": "trapping many people in their cars and", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00391-00092183-00092592": "and resulting in four", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00392-00092344-00092704": "deaths from that one event so you know", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00393-00092592-00092992": "these are serious", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00394-00092704-00092992": "serious impacts", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00395-00093016-00093360": "and on other kinds of infrastructure uh", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00396-00093295-00093639": "buildings", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00397-00093360-00093856": "energy systems uh cold region", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00398-00093639-00094168": "infrastructure", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00399-00093856-00094472": "uh and so", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00400-00094168-00094824": "as we look ahead uh", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00401-00094472-00095024": "this uh piece of information from global", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00402-00094824-00095432": "infrastructure basel", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00403-00095024-00095519": "uh that i came across uh approximately", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00404-00095432-00095688": "75", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00405-00095519-00095912": "of infrastructure will be in place by", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00406-00095688-00096183": "2050 does not exist today so we do", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00407-00095912-00096360": "we change out infrastructure we surface", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00408-00096183-00096424": "infrastructure more frequently than you", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00409-00096360-00096775": "might think", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00410-00096424-00097063": "and uh and so that you can just", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00411-00096775-00097192": "points to the urgency for us to uh be", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00412-00097063-00097519": "considering", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00413-00097192-00097607": "adaptive adaptation adaptive planning", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00414-00097519-00098000": "and design", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00415-00097607-00098000": "as we as we work today", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00416-00098007-00098360": "and there are a host of uh questions", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00417-00098183-00098751": "that uh that we", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00418-00098360-00099112": "need to think about in in this adaptable", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00419-00098751-00099295": "uh engineering uh design", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00420-00099112-00099432": "what what does such design look like", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00421-00099295-00099624": "what kind of research do we need to", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00422-00099432-00099951": "support that kind of design", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00423-00099624-00100295": "how do we maximize performance while", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00424-00099951-00100607": "minimizing cost and regret so", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00425-00100295-00100888": "i regret we mean here you know do we we", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00426-00100607-00101119": "always design for the 500-year event", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00427-00100888-00101207": "the thousand-year event that we that", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00428-00101119-00101495": "might happen", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00429-00101207-00101656": "you know in the today's 500-year event", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00430-00101495-00101848": "might be more frequently occurring in", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00431-00101656-00102007": "the future do we design for that", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00432-00101848-00102248": "well in general that's pretty expensive", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00433-00102007-00102503": "to do how can we", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00434-00102248-00102695": "implement designs that can move us", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00435-00102503-00102800": "toward a higher standard but maybe not", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00436-00102695-00103007": "go all the way and", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00437-00102800-00103224": "and make it adaptable so we can modify", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00438-00103007-00103495": "it with time as more data become", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00439-00103224-00103648": "more data and knowledge become available", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00440-00103495-00103935": "how to factor the safety that we", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00441-00103648-00104103": "consider today how adequate are they do", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00442-00103935-00104391": "they need to be updated", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00443-00104103-00104455": "uh how will are cost benefit analyses be", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00444-00104391-00104864": "affected", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00445-00104455-00105072": "by uh changing environmental conditions", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00446-00104864-00105255": "so just to look at some specific kinds", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00447-00105072-00105579": "of needs just as examples", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00448-00105255-00105783": "uh in in the water domain with climatic", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00449-00105579-00106159": "non-stationarity that is you know an", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00450-00105783-00106367": "an ever-changing climate uh", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00451-00106159-00106479": "implications for water do we need to", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00452-00106367-00106711": "update", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00453-00106479-00106872": "intensity duration frequency curves and", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00454-00106711-00107000": "and how we design for storm water", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00455-00106872-00107224": "management", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00456-00107000-00107376": "uh we need more monitoring to understand", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00457-00107224-00107552": "what goes on at the local level and be", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00458-00107376-00107872": "able to adapt to it", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00459-00107552-00108232": "and here's one example of how climate is", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00460-00107872-00108511": "uh impacting uh water quality", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00461-00108232-00108648": "uh right in the great lakes region uh", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00462-00108511-00109128": "which purdue is part", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00463-00108648-00109432": "uh that uh here in uh western lake erie", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00464-00109128-00109591": "uh lake erie has", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00465-00109432-00109832": "uh and and western lake erie in", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00466-00109591-00110040": "particular has uh periodic", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00467-00109832-00110208": "algal blooms in the summer those are", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00468-00110040-00110648": "increasing in frequency", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00469-00110208-00111024": "and scope as the surface waters warm", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00470-00110648-00111352": "uh the the problem is uh the of", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00471-00111024-00111583": "algal blooms is uh uh", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00472-00111352-00111848": "stimulated by large amounts of nutrient", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00473-00111583-00112016": "runoff from agricultural lands and", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00474-00111848-00112272": "uh and there are efforts underway to try", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00475-00112016-00112488": "to understand and and mitigate that but", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00476-00112272-00112608": "that the problems exacerbated by warmer", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00477-00112488-00113000": "waters", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00478-00112608-00113416": "that uh encourage uh more frequent", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00479-00113000-00113608": "uh uh and larger scope algal blooms and", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00480-00113416-00113728": "uh these algae when they grow up they", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00481-00113608-00114040": "died the algal", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00482-00113728-00114320": "uh the algae emit", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00483-00114040-00114383": "uh algal toxins it caused uh it's caused", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00484-00114320-00114567": "toledo", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00485-00114383-00114688": "on a number of occasions to shut off", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00486-00114567-00114872": "their intakes", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00487-00114688-00115152": "water intakes drinking water intakes", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00488-00114872-00115464": "from from lake erie for periods of weeks", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00489-00115152-00115655": "it's very very disruptive", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00490-00115464-00115928": "of course many many research needs with", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00491-00115655-00116255": "respect to buildings", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00492-00115928-00116464": "designing buildings for sustainability", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00493-00116255-00116664": "over the life cycle and ability to", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00494-00116464-00116896": "to change to adapt to changing", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00495-00116664-00117367": "conditions", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00496-00116896-00117728": "and considering changes in loads in in", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00497-00117367-00118055": "in with respect to", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00498-00117728-00118408": "wind loads snow loads", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00499-00118055-00118735": "amount of rain water and and what that", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00500-00118408-00119024": "implies for storm water management", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00501-00118735-00119383": "in and around buildings effects on", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00502-00119024-00119383": "materials that go into buildings", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00503-00119440-00119767": "for energy systems the picture on the", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00504-00119655-00120016": "left here", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00505-00119767-00120255": "from half of manhattan blacked out after", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00506-00120016-00120535": "superstorm sandy", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00507-00120255-00120688": "because of inundation of a lot of", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00508-00120535-00121000": "subsurface", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00509-00120688-00121144": "uh uh power supply infrastructure", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00510-00121000-00121359": "uh there have been some significant", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00511-00121144-00121664": "changes made in new york city uh", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00512-00121359-00122040": "in response to that uh the", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00513-00121664-00122415": "the um 2017", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00514-00122040-00122632": "uh hurricane uh in puerto rico that uh", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00515-00122415-00122840": "wiped out power infrastructure across", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00516-00122632-00123128": "essentially the entire island", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00517-00122840-00123200": "uh and and thinking about uh they've", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00518-00123128-00123367": "been working", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00519-00123200-00123535": "uh thinking about how to you know", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00520-00123367-00123624": "rebuild the infrastructure in a more", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00521-00123535-00124088": "resilient", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00522-00123624-00124359": "way and i mentioned effects on materials", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00523-00124088-00124472": "um how to changes in temperature and", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00524-00124359-00124759": "precipitation affect", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00525-00124472-00124800": "materials strengths and lifetimes a", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00526-00124759-00125072": "photo", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00527-00124800-00125264": "here from the from the dc metro of", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00528-00125072-00125472": "deformation of railroad tracks under", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00529-00125264-00125632": "extreme heat", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00530-00125472-00125824": "how well do we understand this problem", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00531-00125632-00126048": "what kind of monitoring do we", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00532-00125824-00126383": "need to be doing to understand how", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00533-00126048-00126383": "materials are responding", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00534-00126391-00126711": "and many needs with respect to", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00535-00126615-00126879": "transportation", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00536-00126711-00127024": "actually the transportation community", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00537-00126879-00127383": "has really been working", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00538-00127024-00127552": "hard on responding to changing climate", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00539-00127383-00128015": "conditions", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00540-00127552-00128240": "and been leaders in thinking about how", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00541-00128015-00128567": "designs design parameters need to change", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00542-00128240-00128567": "about adaptive design", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00543-00128600-00128911": "the network service interruptions just", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00544-00128815-00129248": "one example", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00545-00128911-00129464": "from phoenix uh when the temperature", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00546-00129248-00129576": "gets above i think it's 118 degrees", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00547-00129464-00129864": "fahrenheit", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00548-00129576-00129935": "uh that takeoffs and landings have to be", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00549-00129864-00130183": "ceased", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00550-00129935-00130279": "uh air density is a function of", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00551-00130183-00130479": "temperature", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00552-00130279-00130600": "and if the air density isn't high enough", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00553-00130479-00130959": "uh it", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00554-00130600-00131160": "is you know unsafe", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00555-00130959-00131376": "for landings and takeoff so there's", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00556-00131160-00131520": "disruptions to air travels an example of", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00557-00131376-00131696": "an impact", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00558-00131520-00131984": "so many important research questions", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00559-00131696-00131984": "here and", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00560-00132024-00132488": "i mentioned the how does changing", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00561-00132328-00132744": "climate conditions play into cost", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00562-00132488-00132912": "benefit decision making", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00563-00132744-00133055": "what are the limits of current design", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00564-00132912-00133152": "guidance we build a fair amount of", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00565-00133055-00133455": "conservatism", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00566-00133152-00133712": "into our design guidance today", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00567-00133455-00133888": "how adequate is the conservatism that's", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00568-00133712-00134055": "already built in we need to understand", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00569-00133888-00134448": "that", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00570-00134055-00134448": "for particular kinds of infrastructure", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00571-00134479-00134879": "some infrastructure we think about", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00572-00134767-00135184": "responding", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00573-00134879-00135567": "designing for extreme events others for", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00574-00135184-00135848": "uh more day-to-day experience", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00575-00135567-00136112": "in terms of climate what what", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00576-00135848-00136479": "infrastructure is the greatest risk", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00577-00136112-00136640": "many questions so just some examples of", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00578-00136479-00136776": "uh research at carnegie mellon", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00579-00136640-00136976": "i'll go through these kind of quickly", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00580-00136776-00137303": "just to give a a sense of", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00581-00136976-00137488": "uh some things we're doing uh i've", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00582-00137303-00137615": "been working for the past couple years", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00583-00137488-00137840": "on", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00584-00137615-00138015": "uh assessing and forecasting uh", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00585-00137840-00138184": "near-term climate change in particular", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00586-00138015-00138264": "locations we'll say a few words about", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00587-00138184-00138496": "that", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00588-00138264-00138615": "uh some work my colleague costa samaras", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00589-00138496-00138944": "has been doing", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00590-00138615-00139064": "on uh regional precipitation trends on", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00591-00138944-00139303": "stormwater", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00592-00139064-00139503": "design and some some completed work from", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00593-00139303-00139600": "a couple years ago on urban heat island", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00594-00139503-00139767": "effect", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00595-00139600-00140015": "uh we've also done work on drinking", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00596-00139767-00140503": "water systems and sustainability the los", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00597-00140015-00140832": "angeles water supply and other topics", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00598-00140503-00140976": "so just a a quick overview of some work", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00599-00140832-00141128": "we're doing here to assess regional", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00600-00140976-00141376": "climate change", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00601-00141128-00141624": "uh as engineers you know we work on", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00602-00141376-00141944": "projects in particular locations", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00603-00141624-00142144": "and we're interested in", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00604-00141944-00142336": "as we think about future conditions at a", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00605-00142144-00142655": "particular location", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00606-00142336-00142832": "uh being able to make as accurate of", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00607-00142655-00143120": "forecasts as we can for that particular", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00608-00142832-00143360": "location so that we can", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00609-00143120-00143496": "we can we can we can accommodate future", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00610-00143360-00143888": "conditions", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00611-00143496-00144103": "and so we're going to talk a bit", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00612-00143888-00144312": "about global climate models and how they", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00613-00144103-00144520": "can be downscaled", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00614-00144312-00144752": "for regional forecasts but those are", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00615-00144520-00144848": "generally on a 100 kilometer by 100", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00616-00144752-00145160": "kilometer", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00617-00144848-00145464": "grid cell and if we're working", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00618-00145160-00145808": "in west lafayette or pittsburgh or", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00619-00145464-00145936": "chicago or some specific location we're", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00620-00145808-00146224": "a lot more interested in", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00621-00145936-00146312": "uh we're interested in having um an", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00622-00146224-00146503": "accurate", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00623-00146312-00146703": "exact forecast as we can for that", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00624-00146503-00146976": "particular location", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00625-00146703-00147127": "and uh and engineers like to work with", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00626-00146976-00147376": "uh data", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00627-00147127-00147536": "the intensity duration frequency curves", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00628-00147376-00147736": "we have now for example for", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00629-00147536-00147840": "for storms are developed from historical", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00630-00147736-00148144": "data", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00631-00147840-00148336": "and so this work we've been looking at", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00632-00148144-00148600": "how we can utilize uh trends in", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00633-00148336-00148815": "historical data to forecast near-term", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00634-00148600-00149015": "say 1-20 year climate conditions in", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00635-00148815-00149479": "particular locations", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00636-00149015-00149703": "and given the dynamics in the atmosphere", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00637-00149479-00149944": "for longer term forecasts", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00638-00149703-00150088": "and the changing climate you need to you", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00639-00149944-00150272": "know you really need to think about the", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00640-00150088-00150496": "physics but uh", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00641-00150272-00150624": "and actually climate models they they uh", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00642-00150496-00150791": "the climate modelers have more", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00643-00150624-00151000": "confidence in longer term predictions", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00644-00150791-00151352": "and shorter term predictions so", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00645-00151000-00151608": "uh using data for particular locations", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00646-00151352-00151688": "is what we've been taking a look at here", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00647-00151608-00152096": "and uh", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00648-00151688-00152240": "we compiled data for some 93 cities", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00649-00152096-00152536": "across the u.s", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00650-00152240-00152903": "93 cities have continuous data records", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00651-00152536-00152991": "going back about 140 years to 1870 or", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00652-00152903-00153336": "thereabouts", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00653-00152991-00153591": "and and we", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00654-00153336-00153648": "perform linear regression analysis but", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00655-00153591-00153912": "uh", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00656-00153648-00154160": "some other kinds of uh statistical", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00657-00153912-00154455": "fitting of the data", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00658-00154160-00154648": "and looked at particular locations and", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00659-00154455-00154967": "how we might", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00660-00154648-00155167": "use the data record to uh to do some", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00661-00154967-00155503": "short-term forecasting", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00662-00155167-00155712": "so here are some uh here's the long-term", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00663-00155503-00156040": "data record for for pittsburgh", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00664-00155712-00156391": "uh and this is uh for temperature", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00665-00156040-00156552": "average annual temperature and it shows", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00666-00156391-00156896": "the data from 1870", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00667-00156552-00157079": "up to 2018 and", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00668-00156896-00157255": "the same data on every one of these but", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00669-00157079-00157496": "we've looked at", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00670-00157255-00157664": "fitting either 30-year periods or", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00671-00157496-00158000": "60-year periods or", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00672-00157664-00158284": "uh or 100-year or the full full record", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00673-00158000-00158527": "trend uh you know and interestingly", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00674-00158284-00158976": "enough it", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00675-00158527-00158976": "there a couple facets of this that", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00676-00159015-00159440": "that that are kind of intriguing if you", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00677-00159320-00159600": "look at the full data record in the", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00678-00159440-00159815": "bottom right panel", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00679-00159600-00159967": "over the full data record uh the net", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00680-00159815-00160208": "trend is down", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00681-00159967-00160367": "uh there's a a long period of cooling", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00682-00160208-00160615": "from 1960", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00683-00160367-00160832": "up to the early 1980s in pittsburgh and", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00684-00160615-00161096": "across other areas in the east", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00685-00160832-00161240": "that really dragged down that long long", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00686-00161096-00161512": "term trend and in the", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00687-00161240-00161727": "late 1800s early 1900s it was relatively", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00688-00161512-00162008": "warm period", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00689-00161727-00162176": "uh now if you if you look at the the", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00690-00162008-00162303": "graph above that in the upper right look", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00691-00162176-00162664": "at 60-year trends", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00692-00162303-00162952": "over the past 60 years it's a", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00693-00162664-00163055": "pretty uh clear trend of warming uh and", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00694-00162952-00163240": "if you look at the", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00695-00163055-00163503": "upper left over the past 30 years", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00696-00163240-00163839": "there's a trend of warming but", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00697-00163503-00164000": "you know it speaks to the uh if", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00698-00163839-00164160": "you're going to think about data for a", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00699-00164000-00164391": "particular location you need to think", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00700-00164160-00164688": "about", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00701-00164391-00164872": "which data you want to look at and and", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00702-00164688-00164952": "and in some respects the books can be", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00703-00164872-00165279": "cooked", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00704-00164952-00165367": "by uh you know which data you choose to", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00705-00165279-00165664": "present", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00706-00165367-00165800": "and which baseline you choose for uh", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00707-00165664-00165984": "comparison", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00708-00165800-00166176": "and we were looking for methods that", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00709-00165984-00166391": "didn't involve having to", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00710-00166176-00166512": "choose a baseline uh because there's", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00711-00166391-00166791": "some", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00712-00166512-00166920": "uh you know their implications of doing", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00713-00166791-00167120": "that", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00714-00166920-00167336": "here are some data for total", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00715-00167120-00167736": "precipitation for chicago and los", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00716-00167336-00167800": "angeles again going back to about 1870", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00717-00167736-00167991": "up to", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00718-00167800-00168191": "2018 you see there's a fair amount of", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00719-00167991-00168479": "scatter in the data", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00720-00168191-00168632": "these are average annual total", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00721-00168479-00168903": "precipitation", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00722-00168632-00169184": "a fair amount more precipitation in", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00723-00168903-00169536": "chicago than los angeles", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00724-00169184-00169864": "and you can see the net trend in", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00725-00169536-00170144": "chicago is up uh", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00726-00169864-00170344": "you know not dramatically up and up and", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00727-00170144-00170512": "the same for los angeles and that trend", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00728-00170344-00170832": "is down", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00729-00170512-00171120": "uh not dramatically but", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00730-00170832-00171352": "but that trend is down over the full uh", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00731-00171120-00171648": "data record", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00732-00171352-00171760": "and looking across all 93 cities on", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00733-00171648-00171927": "these", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00734-00171760-00172127": "on the leftist temperature on the right", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00735-00171927-00172432": "is precipitation", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00736-00172127-00172512": "and plotted on the y-axis is looking at", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00737-00172432-00172808": "the left", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00738-00172512-00172839": "temperature plot temperature anomaly so", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00739-00172808-00173160": "for", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00740-00172839-00173632": "each of the 93 cities looking", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00741-00173160-00173920": "from 1870 up to 1990", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00742-00173632-00173960": "looking at the average temperature over", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00743-00173920-00174255": "that", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00744-00173960-00174279": "period so that those for this graph set", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00745-00174255-00174608": "a", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00746-00174279-00174832": "set of baseline uh and then plotting the", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00747-00174608-00174944": "anomaly up or down for that particular", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00748-00174832-00175191": "city", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00749-00174944-00175584": "uh that's what's shown with all these", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00750-00175191-00175800": "yellow squiggly lines for all 93 cities", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00751-00175584-00175920": "and if you look across all 93 cities in", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00752-00175800-00176255": "the u.s", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00753-00175920-00176288": "you can see that uh not for all cities", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00754-00176255-00176584": "but", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00755-00176288-00176720": "for many of them that over the past 30", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00756-00176584-00176984": "years", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00757-00176720-00177152": "uh the the net trend in temperature has", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00758-00176984-00177296": "been up", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00759-00177152-00177455": "and that's pretty noticeable for", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00760-00177296-00177696": "precipitation", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00761-00177455-00177944": "it is the same kind of analysis", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00762-00177696-00178312": "precipitation anomaly on the y-axis", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00763-00177944-00178512": "with the average of annual precipitation", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00764-00178312-00178712": "for each city representing", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00765-00178512-00178903": "its baseline and then looking at the", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00766-00178712-00179024": "anomaly up or down for each city and", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00767-00178903-00179415": "plotting all", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00768-00179024-00179688": "the anomalies for all 93 cities they", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00769-00179415-00179936": "there is a sort of a net trend that's", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00770-00179688-00180224": "it's increased there but it's not as", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00771-00179936-00180336": "it's not as apparent as is the case for", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00772-00180224-00180648": "for temperature", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00773-00180336-00180727": "so it speaks to the the heterogeneity", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00774-00180648-00181039": "the differences", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00775-00180727-00181239": "in uh in changing climate conditions for", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00776-00181039-00181624": "particular locations across the", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00777-00181239-00181815": "united states and in addition to", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00778-00181624-00181952": "annual temperature and annual", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00779-00181815-00182344": "precipitation", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00780-00181952-00182655": "uh we looked at a bunch of other", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00781-00182344-00182967": "metrics for extremes", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00782-00182655-00183152": "for example shown here warmest daily", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00783-00182967-00183455": "maximum", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00784-00183152-00183767": "warmest daily minimum temperatures", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00785-00183455-00184096": "coldest daily max coldest daily min", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00786-00183767-00184288": "and over the full period of record so", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00787-00184096-00184655": "this would be from 1870 up to", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00788-00184288-00185103": "2018 looking uh at", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00789-00184655-00185327": "the the change the trend up or down", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00790-00185103-00185432": "in for each of these different metrics", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00791-00185327-00185712": "and plotting those", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00792-00185432-00185927": "by location across the country with the", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00793-00185712-00186296": "dark red dots representing a", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00794-00185927-00186567": "relatively large", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00795-00186296-00186648": "increasing rate so positive slope to the", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00796-00186567-00186920": "trend line", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00797-00186648-00187000": "and the the blue to dark blue", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00798-00186920-00187327": "representing", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00799-00187000-00187624": "a uh a a", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00800-00187327-00187688": "decreasing trend over that time frame", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00801-00187624-00187991": "over the full", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00802-00187688-00188167": "period of record uh and and again you", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00803-00187991-00188279": "can see the heterogeneity so if we look", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00804-00188167-00188632": "at just one of these", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00805-00188279-00188967": "warmest daily maximum temperature", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00806-00188632-00189176": "uh and upper left and", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00807-00188967-00189312": "you can see for for much of the country", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00808-00189176-00189624": "but not all", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00809-00189312-00189751": "there's been an increasing trend uh and", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00810-00189624-00190096": "in the upper midwest", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00811-00189751-00190464": "and uh kind of upper northeast", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00812-00190096-00190824": "uh warmest daily maximum temperature", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00813-00190464-00191076": "hasn't changed that much or it's even uh", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00814-00190824-00191191": "cooled a bit so they're the", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00815-00191076-00191360": "location-specific", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00816-00191191-00191688": "uh you know heterogeneity here across", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00817-00191360-00191927": "the country and looking at precipitation", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00818-00191688-00192039": "uh again at some extremes here it's a", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00819-00191927-00192464": "maximum one day", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00820-00192039-00192648": "maximum five day precipitation uh", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00821-00192464-00192776": "uh and looking over the full period of", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00822-00192648-00193024": "record", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00823-00192776-00193127": "again you can see this heterogeneity in", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00824-00193024-00193503": "the east", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00825-00193127-00193776": "uh those those those parameters", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00826-00193503-00193848": "uh those those extreme metrics have uh", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00827-00193776-00194136": "seen", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00828-00193848-00194360": "steady increases uh and some cases quite", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00829-00194136-00194712": "substantial increases over the", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00830-00194360-00195039": "uh full period of record in the west uh", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00831-00194712-00195351": "decreases as precipitation has", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00832-00195039-00195520": "declined in some areas", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00833-00195351-00195688": "so the data for all these cities are", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00834-00195520-00196048": "available", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00835-00195688-00196232": "at the repository uh at cmu and as", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00836-00196048-00196360": "the paper was published in journal", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00837-00196232-00196624": "climate and", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00838-00196360-00196744": "a second paper that we published related", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00839-00196624-00196967": "to uh", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00840-00196744-00197151": "forecasting i'll just show an example", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00841-00196967-00197655": "result from that we used a", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00842-00197151-00197927": "statistical model uh called arima", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00843-00197655-00198024": "that and looking at an example forecast", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00844-00197927-00198264": "here for", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00845-00198024-00198408": "average annual average daily minimum", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00846-00198264-00198560": "temperature in phoenix", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00847-00198408-00198776": "the data record shown with the", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00848-00198560-00198967": "historical observations", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00849-00198776-00199215": "uh the statistical fit of that with the", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00850-00198967-00199376": "light gray line and if we project that", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00851-00199215-00199679": "over 20 years", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00852-00199376-00199896": "uh with some prediction intervals uh we", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00853-00199679-00200176": "can make a forecast for a particular", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00854-00199896-00200567": "location for this particular metric", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00855-00200176-00200872": "so an example of", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00856-00200567-00201064": "how we can do some how we can analyze", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00857-00200872-00201320": "data for particular locations", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00858-00201064-00201479": "where we have a long-term data record to", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00859-00201320-00201600": "make some projections of what we might", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00860-00201479-00201903": "seek", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00861-00201600-00202167": "in the near term and", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00862-00201903-00202327": "my my colleague costa samaras working", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00863-00202167-00202712": "with lauren cook", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00864-00202327-00202784": "uh developed a published in the journal", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00865-00202712-00203055": "infrastructure", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00866-00202784-00203264": "systems here framework for incorporating", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00867-00203055-00203464": "downscaled climate output so these are", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00868-00203264-00203784": "from global climate models", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00869-00203464-00204024": "into existing engineering methods uh and", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00870-00203784-00204351": "applying that to precipitation", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00871-00204024-00204679": "uh frequency curves so these", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00872-00204351-00204807": "this is an example of the intensity", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00873-00204679-00205056": "duration frequency", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00874-00204807-00205152": "curve for particular location that we", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00875-00205056-00205528": "build and use", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00876-00205152-00205776": "in civil environmental and ecological", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00877-00205528-00205928": "engineering based on historical record", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00878-00205776-00206080": "for storms of different return", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00879-00205928-00206487": "frequencies", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00880-00206080-00206767": "and on the y-axis we have the", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00881-00206487-00206919": "total rainfall over different durations", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00882-00206767-00207096": "on the x-axis", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00883-00206919-00207232": "for storms of different return", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00884-00207096-00207711": "frequencies and", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00885-00207232-00207711": "so we use those in design and what uh", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00886-00207719-00208071": "what samaras and and students uh have", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00887-00208032-00208319": "been", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00888-00208071-00208519": "examining is the use of global climate", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00889-00208319-00208896": "models the downscaled", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00890-00208519-00208983": "uh versions that provide forecasts for", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00891-00208896-00209304": "regions", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00892-00208983-00209719": "and the regional climate model", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00893-00209304-00209928": "is uh those are physics-based climate", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00894-00209719-00210007": "models and uh they're downscaling", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00895-00209928-00210304": "approaches", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00896-00210007-00210519": "for those uh you see the grid cell size", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00897-00210304-00210871": "there 50 square kilometers that's pretty", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00898-00210519-00211048": "refined uh grid size", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00899-00210871-00211207": "they can consider in these models", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00900-00211048-00211552": "different emission scenarios", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00901-00211207-00211735": "and uh and then consider", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00902-00211552-00211952": "aggregations of results from a number of", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00903-00211735-00212088": "different models", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00904-00211952-00212528": "and then there are statistically", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00905-00212088-00212528": "downscaled climate models that", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00906-00212567-00213167": "in this case the a", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00907-00212911-00213280": "small grid cell size of 14 square", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00908-00213167-00213504": "kilometers and", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00909-00213280-00213632": "again there are different ways of doing", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00910-00213504-00213944": "that", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00911-00213632-00214135": "and different models and you can", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00912-00213944-00214328": "aggregate results from that you consider", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00913-00214135-00214592": "different emission scenarios", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00914-00214328-00214776": "so these are some tools with which", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00915-00214592-00215056": "engineers need to become", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00916-00214776-00215176": "familiar uh we've introduced some", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00917-00215056-00215592": "courses to", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00918-00215176-00215896": "introduce engineers to these tools", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00919-00215592-00215928": "not to build global climate models but", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00920-00215896-00216216": "to", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00921-00215928-00216456": "use learn learn how to use the the", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00922-00216216-00216823": "downscaled output from those models and", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00923-00216456-00217192": "how to access it how to use it and", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00924-00216823-00217423": "in this particular work they using these", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00925-00217192-00217735": "downscale models to inform", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00926-00217423-00218080": "uh future precipitation trends for", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00927-00217735-00218440": "uh particular locations and uh", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00928-00218080-00218648": "so on the for example here on the far", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00929-00218440-00218871": "left uh graph", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00930-00218648-00219048": "on the y-axis total precipitation in", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00931-00218871-00219280": "inches", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00932-00219048-00219456": "and return period for for a particular", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00933-00219280-00219767": "storm", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00934-00219456-00220064": "in years and uh", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00935-00219767-00220192": "and the uh the dark black curve", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00936-00220064-00220607": "represents the", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00937-00220192-00220928": "the current standard and if we", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00938-00220607-00220967": "uh when the they ran uh when they looked", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00939-00220928-00221216": "at the", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00940-00220967-00221407": "downscaled output for a particular", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00941-00221216-00221656": "location making projections", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00942-00221407-00221919": "into the future for the period 2040 to", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00943-00221656-00222223": "2070", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00944-00221919-00222480": "it looking uh", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00945-00222223-00222480": "running under", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00946-00222552-00223232": "a with a group of models provides a", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00947-00222928-00223488": "uh a range of results and uh looking at", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00948-00223232-00223696": "the envelope of those results with the", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00949-00223488-00223928": "uh red curve here representing the", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00950-00223696-00224248": "average of those and then the", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00951-00223928-00224407": "uh the the 75th quantile and the", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00952-00224248-00224688": "the maximum prediction you get an", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00953-00224407-00224919": "envelope of possibilities for the future", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00954-00224688-00225144": "and you can do that for uh different", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00955-00224919-00225448": "storms of different magnitude", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00956-00225144-00225648": "and uh and you get this envelope then we", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00957-00225448-00225823": "need to think about how we", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00958-00225648-00225959": "utilize this information and the", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00959-00225823-00226264": "uncertainty", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00960-00225959-00226567": "that is incorporated in it", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00961-00226264-00226935": "and then uh the third example here", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00962-00226567-00227128": "looking at the urban heat island effect", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00963-00226935-00227376": "and heat vulnerability", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00964-00227128-00227448": "uh and this was a student group that", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00965-00227376-00227807": "looked at", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00966-00227448-00227952": "um adaptation uh", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00967-00227807-00228200": "approaches for for pittsburgh", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00968-00227952-00228496": "considering how heat vulnerability is", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00969-00228200-00228856": "going to change in the future", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00970-00228496-00229007": "as we uh look at pittsburgh as", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00971-00228856-00229304": "examples they did in this project", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00972-00229007-00229592": "looking at how looking forward about how", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00973-00229304-00229792": "the number of very warm days greater 95", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00974-00229592-00229880": "fahrenheit will increase between now and", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00975-00229792-00230144": "2040.", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00976-00229880-00230280": "that's some information that you can", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00977-00230144-00230616": "extract from", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00978-00230280-00230807": "these uh downscaled climate models", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00979-00230616-00231383": "and thinking about what impacts that", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00980-00230807-00231383": "will have on heat vulnerability", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00981-00231464-00232111": "so in urban areas the uh", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00982-00231880-00232392": "it's i think most of you have heard", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00983-00232111-00232744": "about the urban heat island effect", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00984-00232392-00232976": "with all the concrete in urban areas", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00985-00232744-00233232": "the thermal mass there the absorption of", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00986-00232976-00233232": "heat the", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00987-00233271-00233911": "modified albedo urban areas", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00988-00233576-00234111": "are often several degrees higher", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00989-00233911-00234296": "in temperature than their surroundings", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00990-00234111-00234728": "we have a lot of people there", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00991-00234296-00234800": "uh and uh there are various risk factors", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00992-00234728-00235144": "related", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00993-00234800-00235488": "to uh heat uh that has", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00994-00235144-00235552": "a these extreme periods of extreme heat", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00995-00235488-00235904": "have", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00996-00235552-00236159": "a real body count uh that results from", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00997-00235904-00236440": "them in terms of uh mortality", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00998-00236159-00236528": "uh and uh a classic example that of", "ilt1e3u68Wc-00999-00236440-00236880": "chicago", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01000-00236528-00237000": "uh in the 1990s had a period of extended", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01001-00236880-00237304": "extreme heat and they had", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01002-00237000-00237488": "hundreds of people die from that", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01003-00237304-00237671": "and that occurs in the united states and", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01004-00237488-00238128": "across the world", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01005-00237671-00238359": "so the the the age of a person", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01006-00238128-00238496": "affects their vulnerability their health", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01007-00238359-00238800": "condition", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01008-00238496-00239128": "uh their uh", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01009-00238800-00239440": "income is you know often related to", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01010-00239128-00239671": "uh race in this country their so their", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01011-00239440-00239952": "inequities with respect to", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01012-00239671-00240200": "uh impacts uh their ability to afford", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01013-00239952-00240528": "air conditioning", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01014-00240200-00240631": "all these factors and uh so this group", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01015-00240528-00240967": "took a look at", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01016-00240631-00241048": "heat vulnerability and uh and and how do", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01017-00240967-00241296": "these", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01018-00241048-00241407": "factors manifest geospatially in", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01019-00241296-00241576": "pittsburgh", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01020-00241407-00241783": "what are some potential solutions to", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01021-00241576-00242016": "reduce heat vulnerability", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01022-00241783-00242088": "uh one of those solutions is cooling", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01023-00242016-00242400": "centers", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01024-00242088-00242552": "uh city major cities have those for", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01025-00242400-00242904": "people that don't have air conditioning", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01026-00242552-00243064": "periods of extreme heat and", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01027-00242904-00243240": "that this group took a look at whether", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01028-00243064-00243592": "additional cooling centers would", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01029-00243240-00243904": "be needed would they be helpful and", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01030-00243592-00244280": "they created a heap vulnerability for", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01031-00243904-00244519": "index for pittsburgh using um", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01032-00244280-00244607": "considering 13 vulnerability factors and", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01033-00244519-00244959": "then", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01034-00244607-00245231": "uh looked at uh the information for", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01035-00244959-00245359": "populations in pittsburgh and did a", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01036-00245231-00245711": "spatial distribution people", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01037-00245359-00246023": "vulnerability across the city", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01038-00245711-00246304": "and uh", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01039-00246023-00246488": "looking at heat boner this heat", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01040-00246304-00246871": "vulnerability index they developed", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01041-00246488-00247040": "normalized by area and population", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01042-00246871-00247280": "you could identify different areas of", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01043-00247040-00247648": "the city that would be", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01044-00247280-00248023": "at more risk from extreme heat", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01045-00247648-00248288": "and then they considered for", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01046-00248023-00248416": "different approaches one might take to", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01047-00248288-00248600": "mitigate that risk", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01048-00248416-00248816": "there are infrastructure modifications", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01049-00248600-00249192": "we can make in the buildings we", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01050-00248816-00249407": "design and building codes we have for", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01051-00249192-00249648": "implementation of green roofs or white", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01052-00249407-00249648": "roofs", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01053-00249719-00250480": "urban forestry to provide more shade", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01054-00250119-00250856": "reduce the urban heat island effect", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01055-00250480-00251023": "how we use land use so other kinds of", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01056-00250856-00251159": "infrastructure decisions that could be", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01057-00251023-00251704": "made", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01058-00251159-00251896": "non-structural strategies including", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01059-00251704-00252080": "public service announcements providing", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01060-00251896-00252407": "more access to", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01061-00252080-00252719": "to water for cooling for people to be", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01062-00252407-00253071": "cooled down undergoing extreme heat", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01063-00252719-00253288": "and expanded access to cooling spaces", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01064-00253071-00253383": "and they focused on this ladder in terms", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01065-00253288-00253735": "of non-structural", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01066-00253383-00253983": "solutions and pittsburgh has", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01067-00253735-00254040": "four current cooling centers uh that", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01068-00253983-00254359": "open", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01069-00254040-00254664": "in spaces like school gymnasiums and", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01070-00254359-00254823": "uh and that kind of uh thing uh in", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01071-00254664-00255000": "when periods of extreme heat are", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01072-00254823-00255223": "encountered and", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01073-00255000-00255359": "this student group undertook to analyze", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01074-00255223-00255600": "how adequate those would be", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01075-00255359-00255704": "under more extreme heat conditions where", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01076-00255600-00255983": "more people", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01077-00255704-00256096": "would need access to cooling centers and", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01078-00255983-00256383": "they identified", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01079-00256096-00256583": "locations for public spaces with air", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01080-00256383-00256759": "conditioning and potential locations for", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01081-00256583-00256928": "additional cooling centers", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01082-00256759-00257080": "and did some analysis of how many", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01083-00256928-00257216": "additional cooling centers would be", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01084-00257080-00257576": "needed", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01085-00257216-00258144": "and they presented some recommendations", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01086-00257576-00258480": "for adding more cooling centers to serve", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01087-00258144-00258704": "more demand for such space given the", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01088-00258480-00258967": "increased heat vulnerability", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01089-00258704-00259111": "and as in all the decisions we need to", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01090-00258967-00259311": "make here", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01091-00259111-00259528": "how much in this case how much heat", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01092-00259311-00259616": "vulnerability index risk do we want to", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01093-00259528-00259831": "meet", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01094-00259616-00260016": "uh and you know we encounter that same", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01095-00259831-00260192": "kind of decision", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01096-00260016-00260483": "uh when we think about future risk with", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01097-00260192-00260607": "respect to various kinds of", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01098-00260483-00260783": "infrastructure", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01099-00260607-00260967": "so these are some examples of projects", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01100-00260783-00261231": "we've been doing uh as a", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01101-00260967-00261488": "group of faculty involved with climate", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01102-00261231-00261816": "adaptation we decided to", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01103-00261488-00262016": "to make a concentrated effort", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01104-00261816-00262207": "in education and research around this we", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01105-00262016-00262383": "think it is a grand challenge for civil", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01106-00262207-00262607": "and environmental engineering", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01107-00262383-00262768": "uh and that we need to be doing more and", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01108-00262607-00263096": "uh", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01109-00262768-00263440": "so we've been developing uh research and", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01110-00263096-00263711": "and implemented a curriculum in terms of", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01111-00263440-00264088": "a number of courses to", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01112-00263711-00264352": "to examine climate change adaptation", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01113-00264088-00264559": "and just to close off here looking at", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01114-00264352-00264656": "indiana you at you all purdue have been", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01115-00264559-00265016": "leading efforts", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01116-00264656-00265328": "uh in the state for looking ahead at", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01117-00265016-00265552": "climate change in indiana and there was", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01118-00265328-00265920": "a number of reports have come out and", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01119-00265552-00266248": "excellent resources on the website", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01120-00265920-00266616": "given at the bottom here indiana", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01121-00266248-00266744": "climate you can indianaclimate.org will", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01122-00266616-00267080": "get you there or this", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01123-00266744-00267168": "purdue website so indiana has undergone", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01124-00267080-00267480": "warming since", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01125-00267168-00267664": "uh the late 1800s and you see the", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01126-00267480-00267896": "projection here for", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01127-00267664-00268056": "additional increase by five to six", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01128-00267896-00268248": "degrees fahrenheit and average annual", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01129-00268056-00268583": "temperature by 2050 the number of", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01130-00268248-00268920": "extremely hot days will increase", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01131-00268583-00269104": "there are differences across the state", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01132-00268920-00269288": "average annual precipitation has", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01133-00269104-00269640": "increased by five", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01134-00269288-00270007": "five and a half inches since 1895", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01135-00269640-00270007": "more intense rainfall is occurring", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01136-00270040-00270400": "and so wetter conditions are being", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01137-00270207-00270600": "experienced in indiana warmer and wetter", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01138-00270400-00270744": "conditions you know and that will have", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01139-00270600-00271000": "some positive effects", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01140-00270744-00271088": "uh say for agriculture as well as you", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01141-00271000-00271288": "know some", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01142-00271088-00271424": "negative effects so it's not all", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01143-00271288-00271535": "negative story", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01144-00271424-00271720": "but it's something we need to think", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01145-00271535-00271911": "about and adapt to so here's the data", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01146-00271720-00272152": "record i took this off", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01147-00271911-00272320": "the purdue website for average annual", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01148-00272152-00272488": "average temperature", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01149-00272320-00272728": "and you can see over the full period of", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01150-00272488-00273016": "record or looking at the past", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01151-00272728-00273159": "60 years uh you know they're warming", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01152-00273016-00273576": "trends either way for", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01153-00273159-00273792": "for indiana same with precipitation", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01154-00273576-00273992": "increasing precipitation over the full", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01155-00273792-00274224": "period of record or over the last 60", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01156-00273992-00274680": "years", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01157-00274224-00274872": "and then looking at how precipitation", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01158-00274680-00274992": "has increased across the state you see", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01159-00274872-00275192": "the", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01160-00274992-00275368": "the regional variability even you know", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01161-00275192-00275592": "within the state of indiana", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01162-00275368-00275904": "uh quite a bit of variability and again", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01163-00275592-00276176": "we we design for particular locations so", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01164-00275904-00276224": "we want to think about what conditions", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01165-00276176-00276600": "will be", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01166-00276224-00277000": "for for where our project is and", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01167-00276600-00277000": "not over design not under design", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01168-00277007-00277568": "this is why information for particular", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01169-00277240-00278040": "locations is so important", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01170-00277568-00278288": "so that is uh", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01171-00278040-00278400": "some that that is a quick run through", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01172-00278288-00278768": "some of the challenges we", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01173-00278400-00279024": "we face and", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01174-00278768-00279135": "the the climate is changing globally and", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01175-00279024-00279456": "across the u.s", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01176-00279135-00279624": "uh there there's heterogeneity uh", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01177-00279456-00279888": "different types and extent of change are", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01178-00279624-00280168": "occurring in different locations", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01179-00279888-00280352": "and these changes are affecting all", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01180-00280168-00280592": "kinds of infrastructure", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01181-00280352-00280792": "and leading to demand for infrastructure", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01182-00280592-00280888": "modification we are doing that we are", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01183-00280792-00281152": "adapting", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01184-00280888-00281320": "uh oftentimes in crisis and in a hurry", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01185-00281152-00281440": "and that's not a cost effective way to", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01186-00281320-00281648": "do things", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01187-00281440-00281816": "uh so we need to you know be about the", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01188-00281648-00281928": "business to much more systematically", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01189-00281816-00282159": "looking ahead", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01190-00281928-00282256": "and accounting for for the changing", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01191-00282159-00282480": "climate", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01192-00282256-00282696": "there are many basic kinds of research", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01193-00282480-00282928": "questions that need to be addressed", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01194-00282696-00283111": "and civil and environmental engineers", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01195-00282928-00283207": "and ecological engineers need to be", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01196-00283111-00283568": "prepared to lead", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01197-00283207-00283920": "in answering questions about risks and", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01198-00283568-00284272": "risks and responses and if we don't step", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01199-00283920-00284272": "up the lead you'll have all kind of", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01200-00284280-00284640": "people with you know half baked", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01201-00284455-00284944": "knowledge and ideas", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01202-00284640-00285255": "uh leaving the charge and uh", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01203-00284944-00285480": "uh just won't lead us to good places you", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01204-00285255-00285520": "know human beings there's a long history", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01205-00285480-00285831": "of", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01206-00285520-00286168": "uh ability to adapt that really", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01207-00285831-00286288": "extreme situations environmental", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01208-00286168-00286631": "conditions", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01209-00286288-00286831": "and uh and we can't adapt uh", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01210-00286631-00287064": "you know the the the world isn't going", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01211-00286831-00287248": "to end this is a slow-moving", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01212-00287064-00287376": "challenge and we are making progress on", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01213-00287248-00287664": "mitigation", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01214-00287376-00287824": "uh but adaptation the need for it is", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01215-00287664-00288080": "here today is going to increase in the", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01216-00287824-00288400": "future we can adapt and it's", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01217-00288080-00288559": "we're in a we're in a uh", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01218-00288400-00288752": "an excellent position as civil", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01219-00288559-00288807": "environmental and ecological engineers", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01220-00288752-00289192": "to", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01221-00288807-00289624": "help lead the way in adapting in a", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01222-00289192-00289952": "systematic non-crisis cost effective", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01223-00289624-00290280": "approach for the future", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01224-00289952-00290504": "and i'll end with this quote from", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01225-00290280-00290607": "mindy lover the president of series if", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01226-00290504-00290768": "you're not familiar with that", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01227-00290607-00290976": "organization as", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01228-00290768-00291216": "quite an interesting organization uh and", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01229-00290976-00291592": "i encourage you to take a look at it", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01230-00291216-00291848": "a quote from her uh that about", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01231-00291592-00291935": "the the the national challenge of", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01232-00291848-00292152": "climate change", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01233-00291935-00292280": "uh she says we've taken the issue of", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01234-00292152-00292448": "climate change", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01235-00292280-00292616": "from where only environmentalists and", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01236-00292448-00292807": "scientists care about it", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01237-00292616-00293024": "the fact is this is an issue about", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01238-00292807-00293096": "capital markets it's about economic", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01239-00293024-00293304": "futures", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01240-00293096-00293480": "about the future of our world civil", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01241-00293304-00293576": "environmental and ecological engineers", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01242-00293480-00294072": "have an important role", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01243-00293576-00294272": "play in that and i'll end here by", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01244-00294072-00294455": "thanking my colleagues faculty", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01245-00294272-00294768": "colleagues engaged in this effort", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01246-00294455-00294935": "uh and a bunch of graduate students and", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01247-00294768-00295264": "undergraduates have been involved", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01248-00294935-00295616": "on a partial list of students here", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01249-00295264-00295768": "i've been most closely involved with and", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01250-00295616-00296031": "we've had projects supported by some", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01251-00295768-00296352": "private foundations from the nsf", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01252-00296031-00296655": "and we've invested internally and", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01253-00296352-00296976": "i think with that i will end", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01254-00296655-00297296": "and thank you for your attention and", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01255-00296976-00297704": "be happy to take some questions", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01256-00297296-00298040": "very good thank you professor zeibach", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01257-00297704-00298424": "um i i will ask the students that", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01258-00298040-00298759": "or the attendees that if they have a", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01259-00298424-00299104": "question to put it into uh chat", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01260-00298759-00299328": "or if we can get you off of mute then", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01261-00299104-00299704": "you can just ask", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01262-00299328-00299704": "professor john back your question", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01263-00299728-00299983": "in real life", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01264-00300072-00300831": "i had a quick question um", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01265-00300448-00300992": "if that's okay sure timothy please um", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01266-00300831-00301192": "not to i don't want to get super", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01267-00300992-00301335": "political here but it's also pretty", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01268-00301192-00301488": "important with", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01269-00301335-00301728": "all the topics that you bring up and", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01270-00301488-00301792": "especially right now we're hearing a lot", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01271-00301728-00302024": "of", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01272-00301792-00302255": "you know solutions within the realm of", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01273-00302024-00302400": "politics worldwide and in the united", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01274-00302255-00302728": "states", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01275-00302400-00302840": "are there any policies that you've", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01276-00302728-00303207": "identified", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01277-00302840-00303207": "with that you know seem", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01278-00303240-00303583": "like they're good solutions or are there", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01279-00303464-00303904": "anything that you think", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01280-00303583-00304159": "you know we need to look", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01281-00303904-00304320": "you know for a different approach say", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01282-00304159-00304431": "you know looking at the paris agreement", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01283-00304320-00304583": "things like that", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01284-00304431-00304768": "um i was just wondering if there are any", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01285-00304583-00305120": "policies right now that are being talked", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01286-00304768-00305120": "about that really stand out to you", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01287-00305135-00305496": "well a couple of things uh yeah there's", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01288-00305344-00305783": "a there's always a lot of", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01289-00305496-00306000": "ferment with policy discussions and", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01290-00305783-00306311": "political discussions", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01291-00306000-00306504": "political misinformation grand", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01292-00306311-00306680": "standing and we're at the peak of that", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01293-00306504-00306824": "right now but um", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01294-00306680-00307000": "but you know a lot of good things have", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01295-00306824-00307344": "happened uh", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01296-00307000-00307544": "and are continuing to happen and and", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01297-00307344-00307720": "uh you know the older folks on this call", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01298-00307544-00308120": "uh professor sutherland and i", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01299-00307720-00308407": "and uh uh especially chad", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01300-00308120-00308407": "i didn't i wasn't", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01301-00308488-00308935": "um you know over our lifetimes our", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01302-00308848-00309128": "careers", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01303-00308935-00309280": "um you know honestly when i was a", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01304-00309128-00309488": "student", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01305-00309280-00309600": "uh and i got into environmental", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01306-00309488-00309911": "engineering because i", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01307-00309600-00310192": "i lived uh saw the impacts of coal", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01308-00309911-00310296": "mining and use all around me and i", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01309-00310192-00310488": "there's so", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01310-00310296-00310696": "much coal in the world i thought in my", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01311-00310488-00310759": "lifetime i will never see coal go away", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01312-00310696-00311000": "and", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01313-00310759-00311128": "and and you know that has we have we", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01314-00311000-00311464": "have moved we are moving", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01315-00311128-00311711": "rapidly away from coal and uh", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01316-00311464-00311920": "and renewal and renewable energy uh in", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01317-00311711-00311976": "the 70s when i was a student i was fired", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01318-00311920-00312120": "up about", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01319-00311976-00312344": "you know the department of energy was", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01320-00312120-00312535": "founded in the u.s in the 1970s in", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01321-00312344-00312711": "response to the oil crisis", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01322-00312535-00312872": "and i was all fired up about renewable", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01323-00312711-00313031": "energy and i thought gee this is just", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01324-00312872-00313231": "going to come so slowly because we have", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01325-00313031-00313568": "so damn much coal", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01326-00313231-00313840": "but look at how states and", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01327-00313568-00313944": "i mean even cities and states and the", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01328-00313840-00314368": "national government", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01329-00313944-00314672": "just to some extent have really um", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01330-00314368-00314904": "pushed forward on renewable energy uh", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01331-00314672-00315048": "with policies at the local state and", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01332-00314904-00315296": "federal level", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01333-00315048-00315455": "uh yes you know there there are fits and", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01334-00315296-00315768": "starts to that but", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01335-00315455-00316024": "the net trend has been forward and the", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01336-00315768-00316320": "the movement forward on renewable energy", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01337-00316024-00316511": "is it's it's there's a big momentum with", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01338-00316320-00316768": "that and it we've made a lot of progress", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01339-00316511-00317007": "we're going to continue to make progress", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01340-00316768-00317224": "so on the mitigation front yes could we", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01341-00317007-00317392": "be doing a lot more faster", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01342-00317224-00317640": "sure but you know what's politically", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01343-00317392-00318000": "feasible what's affordable", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01344-00317640-00318096": "where is the technology to make it", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01345-00318000-00318320": "affordable", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01346-00318096-00318472": "you know there are many factors that go", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01347-00318320-00318704": "into that it's not just", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01348-00318472-00318816": "blowhard politicians that are holding us", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01349-00318704-00319183": "back", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01350-00318816-00319440": "um and adaptation is here", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01351-00319183-00319728": "it has been with us we are doing it", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01352-00319440-00320048": "people might not recognize it as such", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01353-00319728-00320240": "but it is here today we're doing it as i", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01354-00320048-00320464": "said we're often doing it in a big hurry", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01355-00320240-00320640": "in response to some crisis like 55", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01356-00320464-00321007": "inches of rain or superstorm", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01357-00320640-00321176": "sandy or you know some really super", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01358-00321007-00321592": "intense hurricane", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01359-00321176-00321944": "uh and uh you know", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01360-00321592-00322111": "and we are adapting uh and", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01361-00321944-00322407": "to the extent we can we can help", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01362-00322111-00322568": "communities out to look ahead", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01363-00322407-00322783": "help them make their communities more", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01364-00322568-00322872": "resilient to do this in an affordable", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01365-00322783-00323144": "way for", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01366-00322872-00323344": "for for communities to think about the", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01367-00323144-00323616": "equity involved here", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01368-00323344-00323824": "uh to help communities think about that", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01369-00323616-00323888": "uh we're in a position to do a lot of", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01370-00323824-00324216": "good and", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01371-00323888-00324368": "and and help push forward policy so that", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01372-00324216-00324520": "that's kind of a long-winded answer but", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01373-00324368-00324631": "i i think there's a lot of room for", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01374-00324520-00324880": "optimism", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01375-00324631-00324935": "no that was that was great um but you", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01376-00324880-00325248": "actually", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01377-00324935-00325335": "touched on one uh i guess kind of", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01378-00325248-00325759": "follow-up", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01379-00325335-00326159": "question but um in terms of funding", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01380-00325759-00326455": "and funneling funds into the right areas", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01381-00326159-00326624": "there's developing new technologies and", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01382-00326455-00326920": "there's also", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01383-00326624-00327104": "developing infrastructure differently", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01384-00326920-00327407": "either producing electricity", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01385-00327104-00327735": "for example and energy sustainably", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01386-00327407-00328024": "or just living", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01387-00327735-00328152": "with less um whether that be development", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01388-00328024-00328488": "of infrastructure", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01389-00328152-00328807": "or um you know agriculture", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01390-00328488-00329144": "all of that do you have any", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01391-00328807-00329464": "you know suggestions or thoughts on", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01392-00329144-00329711": "you know where we should best funnel uh", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01393-00329464-00329840": "funds for you know mitigating the issue", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01394-00329711-00330064": "you also talked about", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01395-00329840-00330152": "co2 absorption out of the atmosphere but", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01396-00330064-00330352": "how that was", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01397-00330152-00330488": "yeah yeah extremely expensive and that", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01398-00330352-00330704": "was causing a causing", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01399-00330488-00330872": "you there are people working to bring", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01400-00330704-00331007": "the cost of that down they're good", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01401-00330872-00331200": "good opportunities for those of you", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01402-00331007-00331328": "interested in that to get involved with", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01403-00331200-00331728": "research with that", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01404-00331328-00332088": "i'll say on the the", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01405-00331728-00332552": "mitigation opportunities", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01406-00332088-00332552": "the personal lifestyle choices", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01407-00332679-00333000": "this is something that varies by", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01408-00332848-00333192": "individual person", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01409-00333000-00333311": "with values it varies by individual", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01410-00333192-00333592": "communities with", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01411-00333311-00333816": "community values it varies by individual", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01412-00333592-00334000": "communities and regions with", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01413-00333816-00334128": "particular kinds of opportunities", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01414-00334000-00334400": "available", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01415-00334128-00334535": "in and important in certain regions", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01416-00334400-00334679": "compared to others", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01417-00334535-00334904": "you think about the importance of", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01418-00334679-00335207": "agriculture in indiana", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01419-00334904-00335416": "uh compared to nevada", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01420-00335207-00335576": "you know it's two completely different", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01421-00335416-00335720": "regions with different kinds of", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01422-00335576-00335888": "opportunities", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01423-00335720-00336135": "uh and you know you don't have to worry", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01424-00335888-00336288": "so much about lack of water in indiana", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01425-00336135-00336576": "but you know you think a lot about how", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01426-00336288-00336807": "we do agriculture", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01427-00336576-00337048": "so there's not a one-size-fits-all i", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01428-00336807-00337224": "think we can look at", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01429-00337048-00337392": "you know basic knowledge and", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01430-00337224-00337520": "understanding of the climate challenge", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01431-00337392-00337824": "and think about", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01432-00337520-00337928": "where the what opportunities we have for", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01433-00337824-00338224": "where we live", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01434-00337928-00338311": "and where we work and the sector we work", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01435-00338224-00338704": "in", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01436-00338311-00338864": "uh plenty of opportunities for", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01437-00338704-00339183": "specific kinds of opportunities there's", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01438-00338864-00339183": "not a one size fits all", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01439-00339296-00339759": "and even in china where professor chad", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01440-00339576-00340120": "and i have spent some time", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01441-00339759-00340431": "uh you know even there you get a lot of", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01442-00340120-00340592": "regionally customized solutions where", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01443-00340431-00340735": "they're in a position to do one size", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01444-00340592-00340800": "fits all and they do that for some", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01445-00340735-00340983": "things", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01446-00340800-00341344": "but there's a lot of customized", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01447-00340983-00341344": "solutions and that's what we need", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01448-00341440-00341759": "you know that that's that that's the", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01449-00341607-00341896": "reality of how we'll proceed and there", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01450-00341759-00342231": "are a lot of good things happening", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01451-00341896-00342231": "at the local and regional level", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01452-00342248-00342592": "thank you very much i appreciate it we", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01453-00342376-00343031": "have time for maybe one one more", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01454-00342592-00343031": "i i want to be respectful to dave dave's", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01455-00343083-00343431": "time", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01456-00343240-00343583": "when i was an undergraduate or when i", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01457-00343431-00343935": "was an undergraduate", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01458-00343583-00344135": "uh in hydrology i felt like", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01459-00343935-00344383": "the professor said that most of the like", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01460-00344135-00344720": "the idf charts and the the parameters", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01461-00344383-00344888": "concerning hydrology you were several", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01462-00344720-00345024": "decades old", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01463-00344888-00345240": "and you were always saying like why are", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01464-00345024-00345368": "we still using these uh is there any", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01465-00345240-00345688": "chance of those being", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01466-00345368-00345783": "updated as successfully invasive", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01467-00345688-00346120": "changing climate", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01468-00345783-00346448": "yes yes well uh they are", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01469-00346120-00346704": "um they're they're not", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01470-00346448-00346840": "updated they're updated with a very", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01471-00346704-00347183": "thoughtful process", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01472-00346840-00347424": "by uh committees of professionals", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01473-00347183-00347664": "and then uh then there's a whole other", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01474-00347424-00347976": "process to get them adopted", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01475-00347664-00348272": "uh in codes and", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01476-00347976-00348424": "and then adopted legally by", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01477-00348272-00348783": "jurisdictions", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01478-00348424-00349207": "uh and so that that that process", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01479-00348783-00349455": "requires a fair amount of time and", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01480-00349207-00349592": "and and there are um professional", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01481-00349455-00349816": "discussions about", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01482-00349592-00349911": "uh you know how we have factors of", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01483-00349816-00350279": "safety built in", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01484-00349911-00350448": "are they adequate enough so all those", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01485-00350279-00350711": "factors play into making that", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01486-00350448-00350840": "a fairly slow process but but they're", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01487-00350711-00351111": "not static", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01488-00350840-00351176": "and there are groups today working on", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01489-00351111-00351479": "updating", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01490-00351176-00351616": "idf curves uh and so", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01491-00351479-00351816": "and they are they have changed for", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01492-00351616-00352159": "particular locations", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01493-00351816-00352392": "uh and and they they will change encodes", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01494-00352159-00352528": "uh in the national codes in time and", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01495-00352392-00352696": "then the national codes have to be", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01496-00352528-00352920": "adopted by localities and they're", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01497-00352696-00353248": "modified by localities", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01498-00352920-00353368": "so yes that happens and and it very", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01499-00353248-00353704": "important in it", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01500-00353368-00353959": "our professionals like you all", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01501-00353704-00354088": "uh giving your time to professional", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01502-00353959-00354283": "societies", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01503-00354088-00354592": "uh outside of the regular work time", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01504-00354283-00354752": "usually uh just like uh professor javert", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01505-00354592-00354959": "and sutherland and welton and", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01506-00354752-00355128": "and your other they give a lot of their", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01507-00354959-00355296": "time to professional societies and i", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01508-00355128-00355568": "know many of you do too", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01509-00355296-00355720": "through the student chapters of asce and", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01510-00355568-00355904": "and so forth", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01511-00355720-00356088": "but it requires people stepping forward", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01512-00355904-00356288": "to get involved to help", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01513-00356088-00356511": "help the profession move forward in that", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01514-00356288-00356631": "way and and that is happening so you you", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01515-00356511-00356992": "can feel", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01516-00356631-00357111": "optimistic about that it is a perfect", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01517-00356992-00357376": "example though", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01518-00357111-00357592": "when the 100-year flood occurs five", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01519-00357376-00357904": "times in the last decade", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01520-00357592-00358055": "the climate change is real yeah and it's", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01521-00357904-00358224": "really we know it's not really the", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01522-00358055-00358279": "100-year flood anymore but we just", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01523-00358224-00358496": "haven't", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01524-00358279-00358664": "you know on our current charts that's", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01525-00358496-00358976": "what it plots as", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01526-00358664-00359135": "but when we update it with more data you", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01527-00358976-00359504": "know what will revise our thinking about", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01528-00359135-00359504": "what constitutes a 100 year flood", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01529-00359576-00359959": "well i know that some folks may have", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01530-00359776-00360000": "class and so forth so if you need to", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01531-00359959-00360272": "drop", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01532-00360000-00360359": "off feel free to do that uh i also", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01533-00360272-00360664": "wanted to", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01534-00360359-00360688": "thank david again for giving of his time", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01535-00360664-00361007": "and", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01536-00360688-00361183": "and making some time for us uh today to", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01537-00361007-00361279": "give this excellent seminar so let's", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01538-00361183-00361464": "thank him again", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01539-00361279-00361704": "well thank you for the invitation purdue", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01540-00361464-00361752": "engineers are always leaders and and and", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01541-00361704-00361944": "uh", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01542-00361752-00362135": "are today and will in the future lead us", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01543-00361944-00362304": "into the to the climate change", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01544-00362135-00362568": "application", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01545-00362304-00362624": "very good very good see you all thank", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01546-00362568-00362792": "you", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01547-00362624-00362968": "thank you thanks for the invitation", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01548-00362792-00363055": "great to be with you all right thank you", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01549-00362968-00363376": "david", "ilt1e3u68Wc-01550-00363055-00363376": "take care"}}, {"audio_id": "ilCdbeL_KTY", "text": {"ilCdbeL_KTY-00000-00000944-00001179": "- What does teaching and learning look like", "ilCdbeL_KTY-00001-00001179-00001470": "in Internationals Network schools?", "ilCdbeL_KTY-00002-00001470-00001670": "In a traditional classroom,", "ilCdbeL_KTY-00003-00001670-00002091": "you'll see the teacher in the front of the room, talking.", "ilCdbeL_KTY-00004-00002091-00002294": "And the students,", "ilCdbeL_KTY-00005-00002294-00002480": "the ones in the front row raising their hands,", "ilCdbeL_KTY-00006-00002480-00002691": "and the ones in the back row, with their heads down,", "ilCdbeL_KTY-00007-00002691-00002830": "quite honestly, in high school,", "ilCdbeL_KTY-00008-00002830-00003079": "if we think back on our own high school experience.", "ilCdbeL_KTY-00009-00003079-00003386": "In Internationals Network, you'll walk into a classroom", "ilCdbeL_KTY-00010-00003386-00003751": "and you'll recognize an Internationals Network classroom.", "ilCdbeL_KTY-00011-00003751-00004040": "You'll see kids sitting at tables,", "ilCdbeL_KTY-00012-00004040-00004217": "you'll see them working together,", "ilCdbeL_KTY-00013-00004217-00004442": "you'll see them speaking English,", "ilCdbeL_KTY-00014-00004442-00004687": "all different varieties of English together.", "ilCdbeL_KTY-00015-00004687-00004965": "You'll hear home languages,", "ilCdbeL_KTY-00016-00004965-00005220": "you'll hear a variety of different languages.", "ilCdbeL_KTY-00017-00005220-00005529": "You'll see kids working on projects, engaged.", "ilCdbeL_KTY-00018-00005529-00006028": "You'll not always recognize who's the teacher in the room,", "ilCdbeL_KTY-00019-00006028-00006377": "because the teacher is moving around from table to table.", "ilCdbeL_KTY-00020-00006377-00006617": "You will see hands-on activities,", "ilCdbeL_KTY-00021-00006617-00006993": "you'll see student work all over the walls,", "ilCdbeL_KTY-00022-00006993-00007264": "you'll see students up in the classroom", "ilCdbeL_KTY-00023-00007264-00007704": "presenting in English and showing their work,", "ilCdbeL_KTY-00024-00007704-00008083": "and supporting each other as peer-tutors", "ilCdbeL_KTY-00025-00008083-00008349": "in their home language and in English.", "ilCdbeL_KTY-00026-00008349-00008776": "You'll go into rooms where teachers are meeting in teams,", "ilCdbeL_KTY-00027-00008776-00009217": "across disciplines and aligning their instruction.", "ilCdbeL_KTY-00028-00009217-00009557": "You'll talk to the college advisor,", "ilCdbeL_KTY-00029-00009557-00009988": "who is meeting, not just with students in AP classes,", "ilCdbeL_KTY-00030-00009988-00010195": "but with every single student", "ilCdbeL_KTY-00031-00010195-00010535": "regardless of the skills that they came into 9th grade with,", "ilCdbeL_KTY-00032-00010535-00010774": "and encouraging that student", "ilCdbeL_KTY-00033-00010774-00011248": "to prepare for a viable post-secondary pathway.", "ilCdbeL_KTY-00034-00011248-00011450": "Be it starting in Community College", "ilCdbeL_KTY-00035-00011450-00011807": "or go into a 4-year elite school.", "ilCdbeL_KTY-00036-00011807-00012154": "You will see student government in action,", "ilCdbeL_KTY-00037-00012154-00012654": "you'll see family events where parents come to the school,", "ilCdbeL_KTY-00038-00012654-00012913": "and maybe host a family night,", "ilCdbeL_KTY-00039-00012913-00013269": "or take part in family math night with their kids.", "ilCdbeL_KTY-00040-00013269-00013444": "You'll see internships,", "ilCdbeL_KTY-00041-00013444-00013615": "kids going off on internships", "ilCdbeL_KTY-00042-00013615-00013997": "to do real-life experiences and work in the community", "ilCdbeL_KTY-00043-00013997-00014142": "to improve their English.", "ilCdbeL_KTY-00044-00014299-00014586": "- The International High School for Health Sciences,", "ilCdbeL_KTY-00045-00014586-00014719": "teaching and learning,", "ilCdbeL_KTY-00046-00014719-00015052": "puts students in authentic, real world situations,", "ilCdbeL_KTY-00047-00015052-00015431": "where they have to work together as a team", "ilCdbeL_KTY-00048-00015431-00015747": "to solve some problems from their community.", "ilCdbeL_KTY-00049-00015747-00016063": "In our school, teaching is through projects.", "ilCdbeL_KTY-00050-00016063-00016356": "So students collaborate working together,", "ilCdbeL_KTY-00051-00016356-00016754": "to do something that they couldn't do by themselves.", "ilCdbeL_KTY-00052-00016754-00016919": "And the thing that makes the International", "ilCdbeL_KTY-00053-00016919-00017046": "High School for Health Sciences", "ilCdbeL_KTY-00054-00017046-00017216": "a little bit different in New York City,", "ilCdbeL_KTY-00055-00017216-00017429": "is the specific career focus", "ilCdbeL_KTY-00056-00017429-00017696": "that we have on healthcare occupations.", "ilCdbeL_KTY-00057-00017696-00017990": "So our students all have an opportunity", "ilCdbeL_KTY-00058-00017990-00018279": "to take a series of connected classes,", "ilCdbeL_KTY-00059-00018279-00018566": "that help expose them to a career.", "ilCdbeL_KTY-00060-00018566-00018799": "It's not necessarily the case that all of them", "ilCdbeL_KTY-00061-00018799-00019104": "are going to pursue pharmacy or medicine or nursing", "ilCdbeL_KTY-00062-00019104-00019281": "after they get out of high school.", "ilCdbeL_KTY-00063-00019281-00019625": "But we think that by having a sustained focus", "ilCdbeL_KTY-00064-00019625-00019948": "on what it takes to get into a particular career,", "ilCdbeL_KTY-00065-00019948-00020275": "what are the opportunities and advantages of getting", "ilCdbeL_KTY-00066-00020275-00020586": "that education and pursuing those goals after high school,", "ilCdbeL_KTY-00067-00020586-00020906": "that it motivates students to make a connection", "ilCdbeL_KTY-00068-00020906-00021172": "between the purpose of what they're doing,", "ilCdbeL_KTY-00069-00021172-00021443": "from Grade nine to 12, and where they're going to go", "ilCdbeL_KTY-00070-00021443-00021625": "after their time with us is over.", "ilCdbeL_KTY-00071-00021737-00021988": "- Okay, at Flushing International High School", "ilCdbeL_KTY-00072-00021988-00022408": "we follow the Internationals model,", "ilCdbeL_KTY-00073-00022408-00022730": "using the HELLO core principles.", "ilCdbeL_KTY-00074-00022730-00023110": "So teaching and learning follows those principles.", "ilCdbeL_KTY-00075-00023110-00023527": "The letter H represents heterogeneity,", "ilCdbeL_KTY-00076-00023527-00023787": "diversity in curriculum,", "ilCdbeL_KTY-00077-00023787-00023952": "representing all learners.", "ilCdbeL_KTY-00078-00023952-00024194": "E for experiential learning,", "ilCdbeL_KTY-00079-00024194-00024453": "hands-on project-based learning.", "ilCdbeL_KTY-00080-00024582-00024838": "L for localized autonomy.", "ilCdbeL_KTY-00081-00024838-00025068": "So we encourage our teachers and our students", "ilCdbeL_KTY-00082-00025068-00025501": "to own their work, to be responsible for the curriculum,", "ilCdbeL_KTY-00083-00025501-00025802": "for resources, for their own learning.", "ilCdbeL_KTY-00084-00025970-00026470": "Because we are an ESL, an inclusive community,", "ilCdbeL_KTY-00085-00026552-00027023": "all the classes are basically ESL classes.", "ilCdbeL_KTY-00086-00027023-00027523": "So we encourage the integration of language and the content.", "ilCdbeL_KTY-00087-00027537-00027677": "So whether you're a math teacher,", "ilCdbeL_KTY-00088-00027677-00027927": "a science, English, or history teacher,", "ilCdbeL_KTY-00089-00027927-00028198": "you are teaching your content through language.", "ilCdbeL_KTY-00090-00028198-00028477": "You're teaching language through your content.", "ilCdbeL_KTY-00091-00028477-00028783": "And then the O for HELLO,", "ilCdbeL_KTY-00092-00028783-00028942": "represents one learning for all.", "ilCdbeL_KTY-00093-00028942-00029233": "So whatever we engage our students with,", "ilCdbeL_KTY-00094-00029233-00029639": "we also try to do it for ourselves and among ourselves.", "ilCdbeL_KTY-00095-00029639-00029876": "For experiential learning,", "ilCdbeL_KTY-00096-00029876-00030113": "we are a project-based school.", "ilCdbeL_KTY-00097-00030113-00030462": "So all of our learning is hands-on.", "ilCdbeL_KTY-00098-00030462-00030752": "An example of that would be a project", "ilCdbeL_KTY-00099-00030752-00031076": "that I recently did which was based on Malala.", "ilCdbeL_KTY-00100-00031177-00031602": "She was a student, an activist in Pakistan,", "ilCdbeL_KTY-00101-00031602-00031839": "she's about 15 years old and she was shot", "ilCdbeL_KTY-00102-00031972-00032472": "because she was going to school and the Taliban in her area,", "ilCdbeL_KTY-00103-00032483-00032844": "they were against girls going to school.", "ilCdbeL_KTY-00104-00032943-00033402": "So I used that text as the base for a project", "ilCdbeL_KTY-00105-00033402-00033807": "where students were able to debate issues", "ilCdbeL_KTY-00106-00033807-00034112": "surrounding discrimination against women and girls,", "ilCdbeL_KTY-00107-00034112-00034404": "and based it in a United Nations format.", "ilCdbeL_KTY-00108-00034404-00034646": "So it was a type of assimilation,", "ilCdbeL_KTY-00109-00034646-00034792": "a model United Nations.", "ilCdbeL_KTY-00110-00034792-00035056": "And at the end of it, the goal was that", "ilCdbeL_KTY-00111-00035056-00035341": "they would be able to express themselves,", "ilCdbeL_KTY-00112-00035341-00035685": "express views that are their own views,", "ilCdbeL_KTY-00113-00035685-00036072": "express views in a way that they could use those skills", "ilCdbeL_KTY-00114-00036072-00036369": "when they graduated from our school.", "ilCdbeL_KTY-00115-00036498-00036998": "For autonomy, again, we focus a lot on student voice,", "ilCdbeL_KTY-00116-00037043-00037247": "and help the students to advocate for themselves.", "ilCdbeL_KTY-00117-00037247-00037565": "Which is something that we also do as teachers.", "ilCdbeL_KTY-00118-00037754-00038137": "For language and content integration, of course,", "ilCdbeL_KTY-00119-00038137-00038314": "the content would be,", "ilCdbeL_KTY-00120-00038314-00038678": "being able to justify a choice that they've made,", "ilCdbeL_KTY-00121-00038678-00038943": "being able to analyze different points of view,", "ilCdbeL_KTY-00122-00038943-00039250": "and doing so through the skills of the language,", "ilCdbeL_KTY-00123-00039250-00039583": "speaking, reading, listening and writing.", "ilCdbeL_KTY-00124-00039583-00039757": "And, of course, one model for all,", "ilCdbeL_KTY-00125-00039757-00040132": "whatever is practiced within our school,", "ilCdbeL_KTY-00126-00040132-00040365": "is also developed in my classroom.", "ilCdbeL_KTY-00127-00040365-00040685": "So things like being able to provide feedback to each other", "ilCdbeL_KTY-00128-00040685-00040960": "in a way that's constructive and respectful.", "ilCdbeL_KTY-00129-00041153-00041325": "Yeah, so I think those are some key ways", "ilCdbeL_KTY-00130-00041325-00041746": "that those core principles are expressed in my classroom."}}, {"audio_id": "ilICg0LqdOo", "text": {"ilICg0LqdOo-00000-00000245-00000650": "LITTLE People, Big World star Jacob Roloff’s pregnant wife Isabel revealed a rare glimpse", "ilICg0LqdOo-00001-00000650-00000893": "of her baby bump as she prepares to give birth.", "ilICg0LqdOo-00002-00000893-00001386": "The reality TV star stood in a field of yellow sunflowers in a sweet behind-the-scenes video", "ilICg0LqdOo-00003-00001386-00002041": "from a recent photoshoot.", "ilICg0LqdOo-00004-00002041-00003584": "Isabel, 25, looked stunning with her baby bump on display in a white bridal-style dress", "ilICg0LqdOo-00005-00003584-00003878": "and her auburn hair flowing around her shoulders.", "ilICg0LqdOo-00006-00003878-00004241": "The Little People, Big World star - who is expecting a boy - twirled for the camera and", "ilICg0LqdOo-00007-00004241-00004550": "rubbed her belly while flashing a huge smile.", "ilICg0LqdOo-00008-00004550-00004948": "Isabel's heartwarming posts then continued with a photo of a crib she has her eye on", "ilICg0LqdOo-00009-00004948-00005132": "for her unborn tot.", "ilICg0LqdOo-00010-00005132-00005531": "The cute Volkswagen-replica crib came complete with headlights and wheels.", "ilICg0LqdOo-00011-00005531-00006004": "The star penned: \"The amount of you who have been sending me this I think baby boy needs", "ilICg0LqdOo-00012-00006004-00006123": "this bed, don't you?\"", "ilICg0LqdOo-00013-00006123-00006572": "Later last night Isabel played her guitar and said her son was \"kicking like crazy\"", "ilICg0LqdOo-00014-00006572-00006672": "in her belly.", "ilICg0LqdOo-00015-00006672-00007193": "Jacob, 24, and Isabel announced in July that they were expecting their first child together.", "ilICg0LqdOo-00016-00007193-00007584": "Fans had speculated for months that the TV star couple might be adding a member to their", "ilICg0LqdOo-00017-00007584-00007684": "family.", "ilICg0LqdOo-00018-00007684-00008075": "Back in April, Isabel shared a black-and-white photo of herself with her hubby and their", "ilICg0LqdOo-00019-00008075-00008400": "dog as they were all cuddled up close and smiling.", "ilICg0LqdOo-00020-00008400-00008797": "The star teased in the caption: “It’s hard to imagine this life getting any sweeter.", "ilICg0LqdOo-00021-00008797-00009004": "And yet I know somehow it will.”", "ilICg0LqdOo-00022-00009004-00009270": "BABY QUESTIONS Recently, she took to her Instagram Story", "ilICg0LqdOo-00023-00009270-00009611": "and answered any pregnancy-related questions from fans.", "ilICg0LqdOo-00024-00009611-00009931": "One fan asked: “Were you kind of hoping for twins?”", "ilICg0LqdOo-00025-00009931-00010170": "Isabel answered: “I’m happy with a singleton for the first!", "ilICg0LqdOo-00026-00010170-00010542": "“Haha but I would love twins and be stoked if we were blessed with them.”", "ilICg0LqdOo-00027-00010542-00011039": "She added: “Twins run on both sides of our family, like I could type out a page of twins", "ilICg0LqdOo-00028-00011039-00011463": "on both Jacob and !’s mom and dad’s sides it’s crazy!”", "ilICg0LqdOo-00029-00011463-00011836": "Isabel had previously opened up about her fears she is \"unlovable and broken\" after", "ilICg0LqdOo-00030-00011836-00012539": "revealing depression and eating disorder battles."}}, {"audio_id": "im9yn5mY7su", "text": {"im9yn5mY7su-00000-00000321-00000643": "Wiki loves earth is an international photography competition.", "im9yn5mY7su-00001-00000643-00001068": "participants from around the world submit their best photographs of the natural environment", "im9yn5mY7su-00002-00001068-00001350": "in the protected areas of their countries.", "im9yn5mY7su-00003-00001350-00001841": "The best pictures from each country are entered into the international competition.", "im9yn5mY7su-00004-00001841-00002123": "This year Wales is competing for the first time.", "im9yn5mY7su-00005-00002123-00002632": "Our protected landscapes and the wildlife that inhabits them varies greatly, from the", "im9yn5mY7su-00006-00002632-00003279": "peaks of Snowdonia, to peat bogs, marshland, lakes, rivers and dramatic coastline.", "im9yn5mY7su-00007-00003279-00003801": "As long as your pictures are taken in a protected area such as a national park, a nature reserve", "im9yn5mY7su-00008-00003801-00004342": "or an Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty then they qualify for the competition, whether", "im9yn5mY7su-00009-00004342-00004944": "your subject is something big or something small.", "im9yn5mY7su-00010-00004944-00005385": "To take part in the competition you must upload your photographs to Wikimedia Commons via", "im9yn5mY7su-00011-00005385-00005605": "the Wales website during June.", "im9yn5mY7su-00012-00005605-00006096": "Here you can find more information about the competition and a more detailed list of locations", "im9yn5mY7su-00013-00006096-00006627": "which qualify, including National Parks, Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty and Sites of", "im9yn5mY7su-00014-00006627-00007061": "Special Scientific Interest", "im9yn5mY7su-00015-00007061-00007454": "In order to upload your photographs you will need a free Wikimedia account.", "im9yn5mY7su-00016-00007454-00007765": "You can sign up on Wikimedia Commons.", "im9yn5mY7su-00017-00007765-00008134": "Once you are signed up and have some pictures, you are ready to start sharing.", "im9yn5mY7su-00018-00008134-00008456": "Choose your files from your computer or phone.", "im9yn5mY7su-00019-00008456-00008809": "Then you confirm the licencing agreement.", "im9yn5mY7su-00020-00008809-00009224": "All the images in this competition will be openly licensed, so that they can be reused", "im9yn5mY7su-00021-00009224-00009506": "on Wikipedia and elsewhere.", "im9yn5mY7su-00022-00009506-00009870": "The next step is to describe your image.", "im9yn5mY7su-00023-00009870-00010411": "It is important that it has a descriptive name and a short description, describing the", "im9yn5mY7su-00024-00010411-00010945": "places and things captured in your photograph.", "im9yn5mY7su-00025-00010945-00011522": "Finally if there are any relevant Commons categories you can add them to your image.", "im9yn5mY7su-00026-00011522-00011961": "You can also add coordinate locations although many modern cameras and phones will do this", "im9yn5mY7su-00027-00011961-00012125": "automatically.", "im9yn5mY7su-00028-00012125-00012584": "Once you click publish your image will be shared and entered into the competition"}}, {"audio_id": "immVJ9K8k0U", "text": {"immVJ9K8k0U-00000-00000608-00001120": "i'm about to show you a wild card team for game week six with a budget of 99 million", "immVJ9K8k0U-00001-00001120-00001448": "and because the players that are performing well are going up in price", "immVJ9K8k0U-00002-00001448-00002000": "it's getting increasingly more difficult to get a good looking team together that said i think this", "immVJ9K8k0U-00003-00002000-00002544": "team looks pretty good it's pretty solid let's have a look starting with liverpool we have", "immVJ9K8k0U-00004-00002544-00003400": "allison and we have trent from man city we have harland from arsenal martinelli and jesus", "immVJ9K8k0U-00005-00003488-00004184": "from chelsea rhys james cucarella and stirling from man united rashford", "immVJ9K8k0U-00006-00004280-00004984": "from fulham we have mitrovic and we have andreas from west ham we have bowen i'm aware not many", "immVJ9K8k0U-00007-00004984-00005544": "people have him but he's down to 8.2 and i think he's a solid pick going forward from", "immVJ9K8k0U-00008-00005544-00006192": "leicester we have danny ward and we have justin from nottingham forest we have williams the game", "immVJ9K8k0U-00009-00006192-00006928": "week six starting eleven we have allison in goal we have a back line of trent james cucarella", "immVJ9K8k0U-00010-00007008-00007752": "in the middle we have bowen martinelli sterling rashford up front we have harland jesus mitrovic", "immVJ9K8k0U-00011-00007912-00008392": "the bench is danny ward andreas williams justin i'm suggesting in that order", "immVJ9K8k0U-00012-00008544-00009240": "captain for game week six for me it's between harland and sterling trent is another possibility", "immVJ9K8k0U-00013-00009312-00009776": "but it's always exciting having a someone who's attacking as a captain because you can just", "immVJ9K8k0U-00014-00009776-00010448": "keep getting more and more points so i think i'm going to go with harland to have the old mule hat", "immVJ9K8k0U-00015-00010504-00010976": "here we go for game week six which means sterling gets the vice captain's hat", "immVJ9K8k0U-00016-00010976-00011432": "there's a chance harlan to get totally rested this week i'm not expecting it but it's possible", "immVJ9K8k0U-00017-00011512-00011992": "so there we have it a 99 million budget wild card team for game week six", "immVJ9K8k0U-00018-00012056-00012384": "do let me know in the comments if you're gonna have wild card this week and if", "immVJ9K8k0U-00019-00012384-00013456": "this team is going to be any help to try and get you there thanks for watching bye"}}, {"audio_id": "imqxta-ARFg", "text": {"imqxta-ARFg-00000-00001496-00001696": "*Boom*"}}, {"audio_id": "im-Z7NER0kI", "text": {"im-Z7NER0kI-00000-00000451-00000966": "Winning this award is a dream come true. I feel very very honoured. I feel very", "im-Z7NER0kI-00001-00000966-00001719": "surprised, I feel that my book is not necessarily one that would win a", "im-Z7NER0kI-00002-00001719-00002364": "Prime Minister's award but I'm very grateful and very pleased that that the judges", "im-Z7NER0kI-00003-00002364-00002886": "saw the importance I think of the Marilinga story to Australian history"}}, {"audio_id": "imG1TAEo3vk", "text": {"imG1TAEo3vk-00000-00000022-00000421": "Important Note: dearVR is a 3D audio technology for headphones.", "imG1TAEo3vk-00001-00000426-00000829": "Any kind or brand will do, but if the output format is set to “Binaural”,", "imG1TAEo3vk-00002-00000832-00001162": "you have to use a headphone for the plugin to work properly.", "imG1TAEo3vk-00003-00001191-00001648": "Please check that your left and right earpieces are properly placed and let’s get started…", "imG1TAEo3vk-00004-00001755-00001845": "Yeah that’s right.", "imG1TAEo3vk-00005-00001858-00002481": "Use headphones for this video because we’re gonna dive into the  dearVR pro and music plugin", "imG1TAEo3vk-00006-00002489-00002731": "I’m Marlon and welcome to the white noise studio.", "imG1TAEo3vk-00007-00002739-00003519": "The Dear VR Pro And Music promise immersive 3d control which places the audio in a virtual room .", "imG1TAEo3vk-00008-00003529-00003870": "It will sound outside of what you normally hear with headphones,", "imG1TAEo3vk-00009-00003882-00004325": "The sound on headphones is between your ears and you hear it inside your head.", "imG1TAEo3vk-00010-00004346-00005161": "The plugin comes in 2 versions, the VR pro and the Vr music. The music is a simplified version of the pro version.", "imG1TAEo3vk-00011-00005175-00005915": "I will use the pro version as a stereo binaural insert effect to show how it  globally works and to let you hear how it sounds.", "imG1TAEo3vk-00012-00005933-00006391": "Now every headphone and ear is different, so results may vary when you listen.", "imG1TAEo3vk-00013-00006395-00006660": "The question is, why should use this plugin.", "imG1TAEo3vk-00014-00006700-00007125": "Image you have a sound and you want it placed here in a virtual room.", "imG1TAEo3vk-00015-00007134-00007891": "To do that with  in a mix you need to do panning, eq, add a reverb to mimic the very complicated sound spreading in a room.", "imG1TAEo3vk-00016-00007904-00008262": "Think of damping, reflections, reverb, directness and so forth.", "imG1TAEo3vk-00017-00008286-00008733": "DearVR does this all for you in a clear and understandable way.", "imG1TAEo3vk-00018-00008787-00009216": "To position your sound with dear VR you have 3 main sections.", "imG1TAEo3vk-00019-00009227-00009627": "The Position, The Reflections and the reverb", "imG1TAEo3vk-00020-00009644-00009955": "The position is, to put it very simply,", "imG1TAEo3vk-00021-00009969-00010316": "an x y and z axis where you position the sound in.", "imG1TAEo3vk-00022-00010327-00010733": "In the plugin this is displayed on a 2dimensional plane here.", "imG1TAEo3vk-00023-00010751-00011370": "Which of the axis you’re working on can be seen in the image shown and you select the axis here.", "imG1TAEo3vk-00024-00011385-00012003": "x/z is the top view y/z is the side view x/y is the rear view", "imG1TAEo3vk-00025-00012014-00012560": "You can change the position by dragging the pointer over the dimensional plane in Cartesian Mode.", "imG1TAEo3vk-00026-00013491-00014062": "The sliders can be used too, for that you need to switch polar mode over here. Then you can use the sliders.", "imG1TAEo3vk-00027-00015238-00015613": "There’s a zoom option and the distances are displayed in meters", "imG1TAEo3vk-00028-00015627-00016068": "Both Azimuth and Distance scale will change how you perceive distance.", "imG1TAEo3vk-00029-00016081-00016540": "Azimuth Scale will change the perception from more center or sideway perception", "imG1TAEo3vk-00030-00016889-00017343": "and distance scale changes the perception of less or more distance", "imG1TAEo3vk-00031-00017778-00018291": "Occlusion sets how the sound changes when it’s blocked by an object or wall.", "imG1TAEo3vk-00032-00018995-00019771": "Now reflections  is the next important thing to adjust the immersive 3d experience you will have with DearVR pro.", "imG1TAEo3vk-00033-00019815-00020615": "You can determine the distance of the reflective surface in all 3 dimensions and you set the dimensions with these 6 dials.", "imG1TAEo3vk-00034-00020637-00021068": "Think of it as if you are moving the walls of a room.", "imG1TAEo3vk-00035-00022819-00023082": "Btw are you still listening on headphones? You should.", "imG1TAEo3vk-00036-00023114-00023690": "And also make sure you subscribe to the channel to not miss out on more reviews and tutorials.", "imG1TAEo3vk-00037-00023704-00024253": "The reflections can be dampened, think of having hard surfaces or more absorbant surfaces.", "imG1TAEo3vk-00038-00024869-00025069": "reverb will add well, reverb.", "imG1TAEo3vk-00039-00025122-00025559": "There’s a whole bunch of rooms, reverbs and hall in this plugin.", "imG1TAEo3vk-00040-00025574-00025920": "These are really good sound virtual acoustic rooms.", "imG1TAEo3vk-00041-00025950-00026443": "Size can be changed, damping can be added and the gain can be changed.", "imG1TAEo3vk-00042-00028799-00029499": "Let me pay around a bit with this tik tok sound, Hard percussive sounds usually work best do demonstrate.", "imG1TAEo3vk-00043-00039023-00039802": "The DearVR Music is largely the same as the DearVR Pro, but has a few functions less.", "imG1TAEo3vk-00044-00039832-00040332": "So you can work more quickly with this the DearVR music, but less in depth.", "imG1TAEo3vk-00045-00040398-00040644": "Choose whichever one fits your workflow the best.", "imG1TAEo3vk-00046-00040671-00041053": "So can this plugin also be usable when you want to use it with speakers.", "imG1TAEo3vk-00047-00041059-00041413": "Don’t use it in binaural mode but switch to speakers.", "imG1TAEo3vk-00048-00041454-00042144": "This is the binaural and this is speakers.", "imG1TAEo3vk-00049-00042530-00042924": "You hear the sound change , all the binaural additions have been removed.", "imG1TAEo3vk-00050-00043272-00043735": "If you are using this plugin in an audiomix always check how it will sound on headphones and speakers.", "imG1TAEo3vk-00051-00043738-00044073": "This plugin does color and change the sound a lot.", "imG1TAEo3vk-00052-00044086-00044647": "This video focusses on the binaural part  but there’s a lot to dive into in dearVR pro", "imG1TAEo3vk-00053-00044653-00045247": "The plugin can do multibus, in all sorts of surround sound configurations and much more.", "imG1TAEo3vk-00054-00045285-00045579": "The plugin is not CPU light, it does use up a bit op cpu power.", "imG1TAEo3vk-00055-00045610-00046305": "I also wished the interface was rescalable, it’s just about OK on my screen but the lower fonts are a bit harder to read already.", "imG1TAEo3vk-00056-00046328-00047198": "And maybe in a future update a true 3d display like you see in 3D programs would be nice, although that would get more taxing on your computer.", "imG1TAEo3vk-00057-00047221-00047782": "If you’re somewhat intrigued check the demo or load it up if you have a plugin alliance subscription.", "imG1TAEo3vk-00058-00047784-00048106": "This is a great plugin for of course binaural", "imG1TAEo3vk-00059-00048118-00048715": ", but also great when you can visualize where you want a sound in a mix and place it there in a virtual 3d environment.", "imG1TAEo3vk-00060-00048718-00049219": "This is great in mixes, but also in post production and cinematic sounddesign.", "imG1TAEo3vk-00061-00049248-00049660": "For that you must watch the video displayed on screen right now", "imG1TAEo3vk-00062-00049674-00050061": "Don't forget to subscribe and if you have any questions, just leave a comment.", "imG1TAEo3vk-00063-00050157-00050543": "Thank you for watching I'll see you in teh next one. Bye!"}}, {"audio_id": "imQ3hkPKAz0", "text": {"imQ3hkPKAz0-00000-00000010-00000503": "THE INCIDENT REMAINS UNDER", "imQ3hkPKAz0-00001-00000503-00000510": "THE INCIDENT REMAINS UNDER", "imQ3hkPKAz0-00002-00000510-00000610": "THE INCIDENT REMAINS UNDER INVESTIGATION.", "imQ3hkPKAz0-00003-00000610-00000617": "THE INCIDENT REMAINS UNDER INVESTIGATION.", "imQ3hkPKAz0-00004-00000617-00000683": "THE INCIDENT REMAINS UNDER INVESTIGATION. >>> IN AN EFFORT TO PRESERVE", "imQ3hkPKAz0-00005-00000683-00000690": "INVESTIGATION. >>> IN AN EFFORT TO PRESERVE", "imQ3hkPKAz0-00006-00000690-00000747": "INVESTIGATION. >>> IN AN EFFORT TO PRESERVE TRIBAL HISTORY, TEN TRIBAL", "imQ3hkPKAz0-00007-00000747-00000754": ">>> IN AN EFFORT TO PRESERVE TRIBAL HISTORY, TEN TRIBAL", "imQ3hkPKAz0-00008-00000754-00000840": ">>> IN AN EFFORT TO PRESERVE TRIBAL HISTORY, TEN TRIBAL HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICES IN", "imQ3hkPKAz0-00009-00000840-00000847": "TRIBAL HISTORY, TEN TRIBAL HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICES IN", "imQ3hkPKAz0-00010-00000847-00000987": "TRIBAL HISTORY, TEN TRIBAL HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICES IN MINNESOTA HAVE BEEN AWARDED OVER", "imQ3hkPKAz0-00011-00000987-00000994": "HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICES IN MINNESOTA HAVE BEEN AWARDED OVER", "imQ3hkPKAz0-00012-00000994-00001214": "HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICES IN MINNESOTA HAVE BEEN AWARDED OVER $285,000.", "imQ3hkPKAz0-00013-00001214-00001221": "MINNESOTA HAVE BEEN AWARDED OVER $285,000.", "imQ3hkPKAz0-00014-00001221-00001428": "MINNESOTA HAVE BEEN AWARDED OVER $285,000. THE U.S. DEPUTY SECRETARY OF", "imQ3hkPKAz0-00015-00001428-00001434": "$285,000. THE U.S. DEPUTY SECRETARY OF", "imQ3hkPKAz0-00016-00001434-00001564": "$285,000. THE U.S. DEPUTY SECRETARY OF INTERIOR, DAVID BERNHARDT, ALONG", "imQ3hkPKAz0-00017-00001564-00001571": "THE U.S. DEPUTY SECRETARY OF INTERIOR, DAVID BERNHARDT, ALONG", "imQ3hkPKAz0-00018-00001571-00001708": "THE U.S. DEPUTY SECRETARY OF INTERIOR, DAVID BERNHARDT, ALONG WITH THE NATIONAL PARK SERVICE", "imQ3hkPKAz0-00019-00001708-00001714": "INTERIOR, DAVID BERNHARDT, ALONG WITH THE NATIONAL PARK SERVICE", "imQ3hkPKAz0-00020-00001714-00001838": "INTERIOR, DAVID BERNHARDT, ALONG WITH THE NATIONAL PARK SERVICE ANNOUNCED THE DISTRIBUTION", "imQ3hkPKAz0-00021-00001838-00001845": "WITH THE NATIONAL PARK SERVICE ANNOUNCED THE DISTRIBUTION", "imQ3hkPKAz0-00022-00001845-00001961": "WITH THE NATIONAL PARK SERVICE ANNOUNCED THE DISTRIBUTION EARLIER TODAY.", "imQ3hkPKAz0-00023-00001961-00001968": "ANNOUNCED THE DISTRIBUTION EARLIER TODAY.", "imQ3hkPKAz0-00024-00001968-00002242": "ANNOUNCED THE DISTRIBUTION EARLIER TODAY. SOME OF THE TRIBAL LIST STORK", "imQ3hkPKAz0-00025-00002242-00002248": "EARLIER TODAY. SOME OF THE TRIBAL LIST STORK", "imQ3hkPKAz0-00026-00002248-00002409": "EARLIER TODAY. SOME OF THE TRIBAL LIST STORK -- HIT STORK PRESERVATION", "imQ3hkPKAz0-00027-00002409-00002415": "SOME OF THE TRIBAL LIST STORK -- HIT STORK PRESERVATION", "imQ3hkPKAz0-00028-00002415-00002495": "SOME OF THE TRIBAL LIST STORK -- HIT STORK PRESERVATION OFFICES IN", "imQ3hkPKAz0-00029-00002495-00002502": "-- HIT STORK PRESERVATION OFFICES IN", "imQ3hkPKAz0-00030-00002502-00003216": "-- HIT STORK PRESERVATION OFFICES IN MINNESOTA INCLUDE THE RED LAKE", "imQ3hkPKAz0-00031-00003216-00003336": "-- HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICES", "imQ3hkPKAz0-00032-00003336-00003343": "-- HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICES", "imQ3hkPKAz0-00033-00003343-00003576": "-- HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICES IN MINNESOTA INCLUDE THE RED", "imQ3hkPKAz0-00034-00003576-00003583": "-- HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICES IN MINNESOTA INCLUDE THE RED", "imQ3hkPKAz0-00035-00003583-00003646": "-- HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICES IN MINNESOTA INCLUDE THE RED LAKE BAND OF CHIPPEWA, THE LEECH"}}, {"audio_id": "in5fb_ci7sY", "text": {"in5fb_ci7sY-00000-00001173-00001701": "The hydraulic color-code. to enhance the understanding of a", "in5fb_ci7sY-00001-00001701-00002133": "hydraulic system, a standardized color-coding of flows and pressure was", "in5fb_ci7sY-00002-00002133-00002505": "established by the joint industry conference and the American National", "in5fb_ci7sY-00003-00002505-00003032": "Standards Institute. red signifies the operating system pressure of the fluid", "in5fb_ci7sY-00004-00003032-00003450": "it is often used for the piping that extends from the pump to the pressure", "in5fb_ci7sY-00005-00003450-00004197": "relief valve to the first component that restricts the flow. blue is used to show", "in5fb_ci7sY-00006-00004197-00004560": "the fluid that is not restricted indicating there is minimal fluid", "in5fb_ci7sY-00007-00004560-00005061": "pressure. for example blue would be used in the piping for the fluid that", "in5fb_ci7sY-00008-00005061-00005711": "exhausts from an extended piston. green signifies the intake fluid that is piped", "in5fb_ci7sY-00009-00005711-00006326": "from the reservoir to the pump .yellow illustrates the controlled fluid flow", "in5fb_ci7sY-00010-00006326-00007002": "after it passes through a restriction valve orange shows the fluid that has", "in5fb_ci7sY-00011-00007002-00007379": "been reduced from the system pressure such as the fluid at the output of a", "in5fb_ci7sY-00012-00007379-00007914": "pressure regulating valve violet indicates the increased fluid pressure", "in5fb_ci7sY-00013-00007914-00008397": "as a result of the amplified system pressure. an example of this kind of", "in5fb_ci7sY-00014-00008397-00009018": "increased fluid pressure is the fluid at the output of the intensifier white is", "in5fb_ci7sY-00015-00009018-00009468": "used to show the fluid pressure in a system that has no pressure an example", "in5fb_ci7sY-00016-00009468-00009954": "is the fluid at the output of the intensifier since the pump is off there", "in5fb_ci7sY-00017-00009954-00010340": "is no fluid pressure in the system.", "in5fb_ci7sY-00018-00010340-00010737": "You have completed this activity:", "in5fb_ci7sY-00019-00010737-00011243": "The hydraulic color code."}}, {"audio_id": "inh0u9TNB7I", "text": {"inh0u9TNB7I-00000-00000069-00000488": "So you're working with your students online and it's time for their research project.", "inh0u9TNB7I-00001-00000488-00000898": "When it comes to research, do your students struggle to find the right sources?", "inh0u9TNB7I-00002-00000898-00001244": "Are research questions flooding your inbox? Maybe we can help.", "inh0u9TNB7I-00003-00001244-00001823": "An embedded librarian can work with online, face-to-face, or hybrid course using Canvas.", "inh0u9TNB7I-00004-00001823-00002299": "We can provide video tutorials, curated research guides, monitored discussion boards to post", "inh0u9TNB7I-00005-00002299-00002725": "library materials and field questions, or even offer live instruction.", "inh0u9TNB7I-00006-00002725-00003181": "Your students will have personalized access to a librarian who can be contacted by phone,", "inh0u9TNB7I-00007-00003181-00003639": "email, chat, in-person at the library, or within your Canvas course.", "inh0u9TNB7I-00008-00003639-00004032": "Embedded librarians can help improve the online research experience for everyone!", "inh0u9TNB7I-00009-00004032-00004483": "If you're interested in working with an embedded librarian this term contact me, Ross Martin", "inh0u9TNB7I-00010-00004483-00004551": "to learn more."}}, {"audio_id": "inkc4v0LNO4", "text": {"inkc4v0LNO4-00000-00001430-00001612": "Hello, and welcome back!", "inkc4v0LNO4-00001-00001612-00001955": "We're going to be using the Experimenter quite a lot in this course.", "inkc4v0LNO4-00002-00001955-00002656": "So, in Lesson 1.3, I'm going to show you how to use it to compare classifiers.", "inkc4v0LNO4-00003-00002668-00003284": "Here's a question: Is J48 better than ZeroR or OneR on the Iris dataset? Of course, we", "inkc4v0LNO4-00004-00003284-00003494": "could fire up the Explorer.", "inkc4v0LNO4-00005-00003494-00003740": "You know how to do this, so I'm not going to do it for you.", "inkc4v0LNO4-00006-00003740-00004225": "We can open the dataset, we can get the results for these three different machine learning", "inkc4v0LNO4-00007-00004225-00004903": "methods, and we can see that J48 with 96% cross-validation accuracy is better than OneR,", "inkc4v0LNO4-00008-00004903-00005092": "which is better than ZeroR.", "inkc4v0LNO4-00009-00005092-00005742": "But the question is, how reliable is this comparison? Things could change if we happened to choose", "inkc4v0LNO4-00010-00005742-00005964": "a different random number seed.", "inkc4v0LNO4-00011-00005964-00006664": "So, the Experimenter helps produce more reliable comparisons between datasets and classification", "inkc4v0LNO4-00012-00006745-00006822": "algorithms.", "inkc4v0LNO4-00013-00006822-00007181": "I'm going to fire up the Experimenter.", "inkc4v0LNO4-00014-00007181-00007783": "I'm going to open the Iris dataset and use the same three classification algorithms and", "inkc4v0LNO4-00015-00007783-00007889": "compare them.", "inkc4v0LNO4-00016-00007889-00007998": "Here we are in the Experimenter.", "inkc4v0LNO4-00017-00007998-00008294": "I'm going to create a new experiment.", "inkc4v0LNO4-00018-00008294-00008592": "I'm going to open a dataset.", "inkc4v0LNO4-00019-00008592-00009292": "I'm going to add three classification algorithms.", "inkc4v0LNO4-00020-00009539-00009706": "I can reorder these algorithms, by the way.", "inkc4v0LNO4-00021-00009706-00010236": "If I select one and go up, and select another one and go down, I can reorder them.", "inkc4v0LNO4-00022-00010236-00010584": "I'm going to go to Run and run this.", "inkc4v0LNO4-00023-00010584-00011148": "Then I'm going to go to the Analyse panel, click Experiment -- that's important -- and", "inkc4v0LNO4-00024-00011148-00011405": "then click Perform test.", "inkc4v0LNO4-00025-00011405-00011820": "Back to the slides here -- that's what I did.", "inkc4v0LNO4-00026-00011820-00012492": "I switched to the Analyse panel and clicked these things and got these results, which", "inkc4v0LNO4-00027-00012492-00012667": "look like this, actually.", "inkc4v0LNO4-00028-00012667-00013263": "Now, we can see the three figures for the three classification algorithms on the Iris", "inkc4v0LNO4-00029-00013263-00013518": "dataset.", "inkc4v0LNO4-00030-00013518-00014218": "We can see that both OneR and ZeroR are worse than J48, just looking at the numbers.", "inkc4v0LNO4-00031-00014256-00014690": "The star (*) means that ZeroR is significantly worse than J48.", "inkc4v0LNO4-00032-00014690-00015390": "The absence of a star on OneR means that we cannot be sure that OneR is significantly", "inkc4v0LNO4-00033-00015416-00016086": "worse than J48 at the 5% level of statistical significance.", "inkc4v0LNO4-00034-00016086-00016617": "In other words, J48 seems better than ZeroR, and we're pretty sure (5% level) that this is not", "inkc4v0LNO4-00035-00016617-00016716": "due to chance.", "inkc4v0LNO4-00036-00016716-00017226": "And it seems to be better than OneR, but this may be due to chance -- we can't rule it out", "inkc4v0LNO4-00037-00017226-00017529": "at the 5% level of statistical significance.", "inkc4v0LNO4-00038-00017529-00017908": "Now, I can add a bunch more datasets.", "inkc4v0LNO4-00039-00017908-00018608": "In fact, I'll just go and do that.", "inkc4v0LNO4-00040-00019090-00019415": "I'll rerun the experiment.", "inkc4v0LNO4-00041-00019415-00020115": "It'll take a little bit of time.", "inkc4v0LNO4-00042-00020237-00020852": "Then I'll analyze the results.", "inkc4v0LNO4-00043-00020852-00021147": "Over here on the slide, these are the results I get.", "inkc4v0LNO4-00044-00021147-00021801": "So I can see that at the 5% level of significance J48 is significantly better than both OneR", "inkc4v0LNO4-00045-00021801-00022052": "and ZeroR on three of the datasets.", "inkc4v0LNO4-00046-00022052-00022849": "That's looking at the stars; the star means that those methods are significantly worse than J48.", "inkc4v0LNO4-00047-00022849-00023179": "In other words J48 is significantly better than them.", "inkc4v0LNO4-00048-00023179-00023680": "It's significantly better than OneR in breast-cancer and german_credit, and it's significantly", "inkc4v0LNO4-00049-00023680-00024024": "better than ZeroR on iris and pima_diabetes datasets.", "inkc4v0LNO4-00050-00024024-00024474": "So, you can see from the table of figures and the stars where the significant results", "inkc4v0LNO4-00051-00024474-00024714": "are.", "inkc4v0LNO4-00052-00024714-00025627": "Now, what if we wanted to know whether OneR was significantly better than ZeroR.", "inkc4v0LNO4-00053-00025627-00026319": "This does not tell us on this slide, because on this slide, we're comparing everything", "inkc4v0LNO4-00054-00026319-00026470": "with J48.", "inkc4v0LNO4-00055-00026470-00026994": "If we go back to the Experimenter and select something different for the test base.", "inkc4v0LNO4-00056-00026994-00027427": "I'm selecting OneR for the test base and performing the test.", "inkc4v0LNO4-00057-00027427-00028007": "Now I've got OneR in the first column, and things are being compared with it.", "inkc4v0LNO4-00058-00028007-00028749": "Going back to the slide, having changed the test base, I can see that OneR is significantly", "inkc4v0LNO4-00059-00028749-00029300": "worse than ZeroR on the german_credit dataset, about the same on the breast-cancer dataset,", "inkc4v0LNO4-00060-00029300-00029887": "and significantly better on all the rest of the datasets.", "inkc4v0LNO4-00061-00029887-00030280": "Another thing that we can do is to change the order of the columns in this matrix.", "inkc4v0LNO4-00062-00030280-00031082": "If I go back to the Experimenter and select for the row -- currently the Dataset is selected --", "inkc4v0LNO4-00063-00031082-00031560": "I'm going to select Scheme for the row.", "inkc4v0LNO4-00064-00031560-00032144": "And for the column, currently Scheme is selected, and I'm going to select Dataset for the column.", "inkc4v0LNO4-00065-00032144-00032325": "Then perform the test again.", "inkc4v0LNO4-00066-00032325-00032794": "Now, we get the datasets going along horizontally here.", "inkc4v0LNO4-00067-00032794-00033262": "This is the list of datasets, and we get the algorithms going vertically.", "inkc4v0LNO4-00068-00033262-00034149": "So I can see whether J48 performs significantly better or worse on the iris dataset than it", "inkc4v0LNO4-00069-00034149-00034669": "does say on the breast-cancer dataset.", "inkc4v0LNO4-00070-00034669-00035049": "What we've looked at is comparing classifiers.", "inkc4v0LNO4-00071-00035049-00035328": "In statistical terms, people talk about the \"null hypothesis\",", "inkc4v0LNO4-00072-00035328-00035868": "that is, that one classifier's performance is the same as another.", "inkc4v0LNO4-00073-00035868-00036568": "The result that we observe is highly unlikely if the null hypothesis is true:", "inkc4v0LNO4-00074-00036671-00036821": "that is, we reject the null hypothesis.", "inkc4v0LNO4-00075-00036821-00037466": "We reject the hypothesis that they're the same at the 5% level of statistical significance.", "inkc4v0LNO4-00076-00037466-00037958": "So the Experimenter tells you when the null hypothesis is being rejected,", "inkc4v0LNO4-00077-00037958-00038615": "or, equivalently, we can say that A performs significantly better than B at the 5% level.", "inkc4v0LNO4-00078-00038615-00038888": "In the Experimenter, we can change the significance level.", "inkc4v0LNO4-00079-00038888-00039574": "It's common to use 5%; 1% for critical applications, maybe medical applications; perhaps 10% for", "inkc4v0LNO4-00080-00039574-00039813": "less critical applications.", "inkc4v0LNO4-00081-00039813-00039968": "We can change the comparison field.", "inkc4v0LNO4-00082-00039968-00040483": "We have used percent correct, but we can change that in the Explorer, and it's common to compare", "inkc4v0LNO4-00083-00040483-00040680": "over a set of datasets.", "inkc4v0LNO4-00084-00040680-00041283": "We might say on these datasets, method A has so many wins and so many losses over method", "inkc4v0LNO4-00085-00041283-00041824": "B, referring to the number of statistically significant times A is better than B or B", "inkc4v0LNO4-00086-00041824-00042036": "is better than A.", "inkc4v0LNO4-00087-00042036-00042374": "There's problem you ought to be aware of -- the multiple comparison problem.", "inkc4v0LNO4-00088-00042374-00042866": "If you make a large number of tests, some of them will appear to be significant just", "inkc4v0LNO4-00089-00042866-00043086": "by chance.", "inkc4v0LNO4-00090-00043086-00043321": "As usual, this is not an exact science.", "inkc4v0LNO4-00091-00043321-00043761": "The interpretation of results requires a certain amount of care.", "inkc4v0LNO4-00092-00043761-00044305": "All right. The activity associated with this lesson will ask you to do some more work with", "inkc4v0LNO4-00093-00044305-00044799": "the Experimenter in comparing datasets and the classification algorithms.", "inkc4v0LNO4-00094-00044799-00045124": "Off you go and do that, and I'll see you in the next lesson.", "inkc4v0LNO4-00095-00045124-00045360": "Bye for now!"}}, {"audio_id": "inC4E_uaNpo", "text": {"inC4E_uaNpo-00000-00000206-00000877": "In this video I'm going to show you how to add a grid in Adobe Draw.", "inC4E_uaNpo-00001-00000877-00001637": "So, I am going to start with a blank canvas because when you start a new page this is", "inC4E_uaNpo-00002-00001637-00001953": "what it's probably going to look like.", "inC4E_uaNpo-00003-00001953-00002252": "And to add a grid I go to settings.", "inC4E_uaNpo-00004-00002252-00002644": "Then I tap on add next to grids.", "inC4E_uaNpo-00005-00002644-00002879": "And then I tap graph.", "inC4E_uaNpo-00006-00002879-00003714": "And then I like to increase this grid size to at least 70.", "inC4E_uaNpo-00007-00003714-00003907": "Then tap done.", "inC4E_uaNpo-00008-00003907-00004367": "Now I have a grid and this is going to help me keep my words straight and pictures in", "inC4E_uaNpo-00009-00004367-00004673": "line.", "inC4E_uaNpo-00010-00004673-00005044": "And it just helps me with my overall sketchnotes.", "inC4E_uaNpo-00011-00005044-00005501": "And the nice thing about it is when you go export an image you won't see the grid in", "inC4E_uaNpo-00012-00005501-00005559": "the background."}}, {"audio_id": "inFjtpBkpmM", "text": {"inFjtpBkpmM-00000-00000088-00000968": "We’re celebrating the killing of a man (Laughter) because he requested,", "inFjtpBkpmM-00001-00000968-00001562": "“My death anniversary should be celebrated.”", "inFjtpBkpmM-00002-00001562-00002586": "Naraka came from a good background.", "inFjtpBkpmM-00003-00002586-00002936": "They say he’s the son of Vishnu.", "inFjtpBkpmM-00004-00002936-00004136": "But, this happened when Vishnu had taken the form  of a... a wild boar or a pig, tch.", "inFjtpBkpmM-00005-00004136-00004598": "So, he had certain tendencies.", "inFjtpBkpmM-00006-00004610-00005142": "More than that, he made certain friendship.", "inFjtpBkpmM-00007-00005143-00005882": "He became friends with Mura, who later on became his general and", "inFjtpBkpmM-00008-00005882-00006686": "they fought battles and battles, killing  thousands of people.", "inFjtpBkpmM-00009-00006686-00007204": "When first Krishna killed Mura, because  with two of them together,", "inFjtpBkpmM-00010-00007204-00007636": "there was no way to deal with Naraka.", "inFjtpBkpmM-00011-00007636-00008562": "That’s the reason why Krishna has this name Murari because he slew Mura,", "inFjtpBkpmM-00012-00008562-00009428": "who in this legend, it says that he had  magical powers in battle", "inFjtpBkpmM-00013-00009428-00009765": "and nobody could stand against him.", "inFjtpBkpmM-00014-00009765-00010251": "And once Mura was taken off,", "inFjtpBkpmM-00015-00010251-00010754": "Naraka was more of a ceremony.", "inFjtpBkpmM-00016-00010754-00011202": "So, this happens to a lot of people.", "inFjtpBkpmM-00017-00011202-00011834": "At the moment of death, they realize  their limitations.", "inFjtpBkpmM-00018-00011834-00012482": "If they realize now, life could be improved.", "inFjtpBkpmM-00019-00012482-00012926": "But most people wait till the last moment.", "inFjtpBkpmM-00020-00012926-00013136": "Naraka is one of them.", "inFjtpBkpmM-00021-00013136-00013913": "He did his life completely wrong and he realized that  at the end of his life and said,", "inFjtpBkpmM-00022-00013913-00014854": "“Today that you are killing, not me, but  all the wrongs that I did,", "inFjtpBkpmM-00023-00014854-00015172": "this must be celebrated.”", "inFjtpBkpmM-00024-00016202-00016766": "you should not celebrate the killing of  Naraka’s wrongs,", "inFjtpBkpmM-00025-00016766-00017270": "you must celebrate the killing of  all the wrongs within you.", "inFjtpBkpmM-00026-00017272-00017562": "That’s when a real Deepavali happens.", "inFjtpBkpmM-00027-00017562-00017908": "This is the entire thing.", "inFjtpBkpmM-00028-00017908-00018478": "All of us are made of the same stuff but see how differently each one has become.", "inFjtpBkpmM-00029-00018478-00019104": "So when Krishna killed Naraka,  this is the thing.", "inFjtpBkpmM-00030-00019104-00019434": "It is the contrast which made him realize,", "inFjtpBkpmM-00031-00019440-00020136": "“Both of us are same but see what I have done of myself  and what you have done to yourself.”", "inFjtpBkpmM-00032-00020136-00021228": "So, this legend about Naraka being of good birth  but going bad is significant.", "inFjtpBkpmM-00033-00021234-00021608": "What it is trying to tell you is –", "inFjtpBkpmM-00034-00021608-00022006": "even if you’re born to a pig, it’s still a very good birth.", "inFjtpBkpmM-00035-00022006-00022490": "But it all depends what you make out of yourself.", "inFjtpBkpmM-00036-00022500-00023032": "Krishna made himself god like, he made  himself into a demon.", "inFjtpBkpmM-00037-00023032-00023774": "Either you wait for life to whip you, or you whip yourself  into shape – this is the choice.", "inFjtpBkpmM-00038-00023774-00024286": "So Naraka chose that Krishna comes  and whips him up.", "inFjtpBkpmM-00039-00024286-00024684": "Krishna chose that he whip himself into shape.", "inFjtpBkpmM-00040-00024684-00024934": "That’s a big difference.", "inFjtpBkpmM-00041-00024934-00025486": "One gets worshipped as a god, another gets put down as a demon.", "inFjtpBkpmM-00042-00025486-00025716": "This is all it is.", "inFjtpBkpmM-00043-00025716-00026062": "So, tomorrow is a reminder.", "inFjtpBkpmM-00044-00026064-00026189": "Let’s light it up.", "inFjtpBkpmM-00045-00027386-00027558": "It is only the absence of light that is called Darkness.  Obliteration of Darkness is the nature of light.", "inFjtpBkpmM-00046-00027566-00027666": "May the light arise in your life, to light you up and  all that you touch on this festival of lights.", "inFjtpBkpmM-00047-00027670-00027739": "A Dazzling Diwali to you.", "inFjtpBkpmM-00048-00027739-00028118": "Love & Blessings, Sadhguru"}}]