[{"audio_id": "g9cAdK1M1Qc", "text": {"g9cAdK1M1Qc-00000-00000468-00000606": "Bienvenue au Fonds de Dotation", "g9cAdK1M1Qc-00001-00000607-00000700": "Physique de l'Univers,", "g9cAdK1M1Qc-00002-00000707-00000886": "qui avec le PCCP", "g9cAdK1M1Qc-00003-00000886-00001086": "-- Paris Centre for Cosmological Physics --,", "g9cAdK1M1Qc-00004-00001086-00001286": "apporte son soutien", "g9cAdK1M1Qc-00005-00001286-00001486": "à la recherche, l'éducation", "g9cAdK1M1Qc-00006-00001486-00001686": "et la sensibilisation du public", "g9cAdK1M1Qc-00007-00001686-00001886": "dans le domaine des sciences", "g9cAdK1M1Qc-00008-00001886-00002086": "de la cosmologie principalement.", "g9cAdK1M1Qc-00009-00002086-00002286": "Nos activités portent", "g9cAdK1M1Qc-00010-00002286-00002486": "sur la recherche fondamentale", "g9cAdK1M1Qc-00011-00002486-00002686": "et appliquée, sur l'éducation", "g9cAdK1M1Qc-00012-00002686-00002886": "notamment en matière de mentorat", "g9cAdK1M1Qc-00013-00002886-00003086": "de cours, d'ateliers", "g9cAdK1M1Qc-00014-00003086-00003286": "de conférences et d'écoles,", "g9cAdK1M1Qc-00015-00003286-00003486": "ainsi que des évènements", "g9cAdK1M1Qc-00016-00003486-00003686": "destinés au grand public.", "g9cAdK1M1Qc-00017-00003686-00003886": "Nous cherchons à promouvoir", "g9cAdK1M1Qc-00018-00003886-00004086": "l'éducation, et simultanément", "g9cAdK1M1Qc-00019-00004086-00004315": "nous choisissons d'aider des personnes", "g9cAdK1M1Qc-00020-00004315-00004515": "particulièrement brillantes et", "g9cAdK1M1Qc-00021-00004515-00004715": "de soutenir leurs projets de recherche.", "g9cAdK1M1Qc-00022-00004715-00004915": "Elles deviendront dans le futur", "g9cAdK1M1Qc-00023-00004915-00005115": "de grands chercheurs", "g9cAdK1M1Qc-00024-00005115-00005315": "des enseignants exceptionnels", "g9cAdK1M1Qc-00025-00005315-00005580": "et de bons citoyens.", "g9cAdK1M1Qc-00026-00005580-00005715": "Nous espérons donc voir dans", "g9cAdK1M1Qc-00027-00005715-00005853": "le futur des développements", "g9cAdK1M1Qc-00028-00005853-00006051": "remarquables en sciences", "g9cAdK1M1Qc-00029-00006051-00006251": "mais aussi parmi les jeunes générations", "g9cAdK1M1Qc-00030-00006251-00006451": "que nous soutenons et", "g9cAdK1M1Qc-00031-00006451-00006651": "nous comptons sur vous pour nous y aider."}}, {"audio_id": "gqjka8-wSpY", "text": {"gqjka8-wSpY-00000-00000980-00001253": "9", "gqjka8-wSpY-00001-00002129-00002402": "9", "gqjka8-wSpY-00002-00003278-00003551": "9", "gqjka8-wSpY-00003-00004428-00004701": "9", "gqjka8-wSpY-00004-00005577-00005850": "9", "gqjka8-wSpY-00005-00007876-00008149": "9", "gqjka8-wSpY-00006-00009025-00009298": "9", "gqjka8-wSpY-00007-00010175-00010448": "9", "gqjka8-wSpY-00008-00011324-00011597": "9", "gqjka8-wSpY-00009-00012473-00012747": "9", "gqjka8-wSpY-00010-00014772-00015045": "9", "gqjka8-wSpY-00011-00015922-00016195": "9", "gqjka8-wSpY-00012-00017071-00017344": "9", "gqjka8-wSpY-00013-00018220-00018494": "9", "gqjka8-wSpY-00014-00019370-00019643": "9", "gqjka8-wSpY-00015-00021669-00021942": "9"}}, {"audio_id": "gqmX61MkYGI", "text": {"gqmX61MkYGI-00000-00000010-00000050": "CITY COUNCIL MEETING ON", "gqmX61MkYGI-00001-00000050-00000056": "CITY COUNCIL MEETING ON", "gqmX61MkYGI-00002-00000056-00000230": "CITY COUNCIL MEETING ON FEBRUARY 5th.", "gqmX61MkYGI-00003-00000230-00000236": "CITY COUNCIL MEETING ON FEBRUARY 5th.", "gqmX61MkYGI-00004-00000236-00000363": "CITY COUNCIL MEETING ON FEBRUARY 5th. >>> A NEW EXHIBIT AT THE", "gqmX61MkYGI-00005-00000363-00000370": "FEBRUARY 5th. >>> A NEW EXHIBIT AT THE", "gqmX61MkYGI-00006-00000370-00000507": "FEBRUARY 5th. >>> A NEW EXHIBIT AT THE CROSSING ARTS ALLIANCE IN", "gqmX61MkYGI-00007-00000507-00000513": ">>> A NEW EXHIBIT AT THE CROSSING ARTS ALLIANCE IN", "gqmX61MkYGI-00008-00000513-00000660": ">>> A NEW EXHIBIT AT THE CROSSING ARTS ALLIANCE IN BRAINERD ALLOWS AUDIENCES TO", "gqmX61MkYGI-00009-00000660-00000667": "CROSSING ARTS ALLIANCE IN BRAINERD ALLOWS AUDIENCES TO", "gqmX61MkYGI-00010-00000667-00000804": "CROSSING ARTS ALLIANCE IN BRAINERD ALLOWS AUDIENCES TO HEAR THE INSPIRATIONS OF THE", "gqmX61MkYGI-00011-00000804-00000810": "BRAINERD ALLOWS AUDIENCES TO HEAR THE INSPIRATIONS OF THE", "gqmX61MkYGI-00012-00000810-00001020": "BRAINERD ALLOWS AUDIENCES TO HEAR THE INSPIRATIONS OF THE ARTWORK THROUGH SONG.", "gqmX61MkYGI-00013-00001020-00001027": "HEAR THE INSPIRATIONS OF THE ARTWORK THROUGH SONG.", "gqmX61MkYGI-00014-00001027-00001191": "HEAR THE INSPIRATIONS OF THE ARTWORK THROUGH SONG. THE SEE THE SOUNDS EXHIBIT", "gqmX61MkYGI-00015-00001191-00001197": "ARTWORK THROUGH SONG. THE SEE THE SOUNDS EXHIBIT", "gqmX61MkYGI-00016-00001197-00001351": "ARTWORK THROUGH SONG. THE SEE THE SOUNDS EXHIBIT ALLOWS VISITORS TO SCAN A QR", "gqmX61MkYGI-00017-00001351-00001358": "THE SEE THE SOUNDS EXHIBIT ALLOWS VISITORS TO SCAN A QR", "gqmX61MkYGI-00018-00001358-00001504": "THE SEE THE SOUNDS EXHIBIT ALLOWS VISITORS TO SCAN A QR CODE ON THEIR PHONES, WHICH WILL", "gqmX61MkYGI-00019-00001504-00001511": "ALLOWS VISITORS TO SCAN A QR CODE ON THEIR PHONES, WHICH WILL", "gqmX61MkYGI-00020-00001511-00001658": "ALLOWS VISITORS TO SCAN A QR CODE ON THEIR PHONES, WHICH WILL TAKE THEM TO THE SONG THAT", "gqmX61MkYGI-00021-00001658-00001664": "CODE ON THEIR PHONES, WHICH WILL TAKE THEM TO THE SONG THAT", "gqmX61MkYGI-00022-00001664-00001831": "CODE ON THEIR PHONES, WHICH WILL TAKE THEM TO THE SONG THAT INSPIRED THE ARTWORK.", "gqmX61MkYGI-00023-00001831-00001838": "TAKE THEM TO THE SONG THAT INSPIRED THE ARTWORK.", "gqmX61MkYGI-00024-00001838-00002062": "TAKE THEM TO THE SONG THAT INSPIRED THE ARTWORK. THIS VISUAL AND MUSIC EXHIBIT", "gqmX61MkYGI-00025-00002062-00002068": "INSPIRED THE ARTWORK. THIS VISUAL AND MUSIC EXHIBIT", "gqmX61MkYGI-00026-00002068-00002312": "INSPIRED THE ARTWORK. THIS VISUAL AND MUSIC EXHIBIT WAS INSPIRED BY AN EXPERIENCE", "gqmX61MkYGI-00027-00002312-00002318": "THIS VISUAL AND MUSIC EXHIBIT WAS INSPIRED BY AN EXPERIENCE", "gqmX61MkYGI-00028-00002318-00002435": "THIS VISUAL AND MUSIC EXHIBIT WAS INSPIRED BY AN EXPERIENCE THAT CAA DIRECTOR LISA JORDAN", "gqmX61MkYGI-00029-00002435-00002442": "WAS INSPIRED BY AN EXPERIENCE THAT CAA DIRECTOR LISA JORDAN", "gqmX61MkYGI-00030-00002442-00002976": "WAS INSPIRED BY AN EXPERIENCE THAT CAA DIRECTOR LISA JORDAN EXPERIENCED IN COLLEGE.", "gqmX61MkYGI-00031-00002976-00003126": ">> WELL, WE HAVE GALLERY", "gqmX61MkYGI-00032-00003126-00003133": ">> WELL, WE HAVE GALLERY", "gqmX61MkYGI-00033-00003133-00003216": ">> WELL, WE HAVE GALLERY COMMITTEE AND WE WERE TALKING", "gqmX61MkYGI-00034-00003216-00003223": ">> WELL, WE HAVE GALLERY COMMITTEE AND WE WERE TALKING", "gqmX61MkYGI-00035-00003223-00003356": ">> WELL, WE HAVE GALLERY COMMITTEE AND WE WERE TALKING ABOUT WHAT WOULD BE CHALLENGING", "gqmX61MkYGI-00036-00003356-00003363": "COMMITTEE AND WE WERE TALKING ABOUT WHAT WOULD BE CHALLENGING", "gqmX61MkYGI-00037-00003363-00003600": "COMMITTEE AND WE WERE TALKING ABOUT WHAT WOULD BE CHALLENGING FOR OUR ARTISTS.", "gqmX61MkYGI-00038-00003600-00003606": "ABOUT WHAT WOULD BE CHALLENGING FOR OUR ARTISTS.", "gqmX61MkYGI-00039-00003606-00003803": "ABOUT WHAT WOULD BE CHALLENGING FOR OUR ARTISTS. AND I HAD HAPPENED TO HAVE DONE", "gqmX61MkYGI-00040-00003803-00003810": "FOR OUR ARTISTS. AND I HAD HAPPENED TO HAVE DONE", "gqmX61MkYGI-00041-00003810-00003933": "FOR OUR ARTISTS. AND I HAD HAPPENED TO HAVE DONE THIS PARTICULAR EXERCISE IN", "gqmX61MkYGI-00042-00003933-00003940": "AND I HAD HAPPENED TO HAVE DONE THIS PARTICULAR EXERCISE IN", "gqmX61MkYGI-00043-00003940-00004087": "AND I HAD HAPPENED TO HAVE DONE THIS PARTICULAR EXERCISE IN COLLEGE AND WE ALL THOUGHT THAT", "gqmX61MkYGI-00044-00004087-00004094": "THIS PARTICULAR EXERCISE IN COLLEGE AND WE ALL THOUGHT THAT", "gqmX61MkYGI-00045-00004094-00004234": "THIS PARTICULAR EXERCISE IN COLLEGE AND WE ALL THOUGHT THAT WOULD BE KIND OF DIFFICULT AND", "gqmX61MkYGI-00046-00004234-00004240": "COLLEGE AND WE ALL THOUGHT THAT WOULD BE KIND OF DIFFICULT AND", "gqmX61MkYGI-00047-00004240-00004407": "COLLEGE AND WE ALL THOUGHT THAT WOULD BE KIND OF DIFFICULT AND TRICKY AND WOULDN'T IT BE COOL.", "gqmX61MkYGI-00048-00004407-00004414": "WOULD BE KIND OF DIFFICULT AND TRICKY AND WOULDN'T IT BE COOL.", "gqmX61MkYGI-00049-00004414-00004611": "WOULD BE KIND OF DIFFICULT AND TRICKY AND WOULDN'T IT BE COOL. SO WE TOOK IT FROM THERE.", "gqmX61MkYGI-00050-00004611-00004617": "TRICKY AND WOULDN'T IT BE COOL. SO WE TOOK IT FROM THERE.", "gqmX61MkYGI-00051-00004617-00004681": "TRICKY AND WOULDN'T IT BE COOL. SO WE TOOK IT FROM THERE. >>Sarah:  THE EXHIBIT RUNS", "gqmX61MkYGI-00052-00004681-00004688": "SO WE TOOK IT FROM THERE. >>Sarah:  THE EXHIBIT RUNS", "gqmX61MkYGI-00053-00004688-00004724": "SO WE TOOK IT FROM THERE. >>Sarah:  THE EXHIBIT RUNS THROUGH NEXT SATURDAY,"}}, {"audio_id": "gqLiVr9mhyY", "text": {"gqLiVr9mhyY-00000-00000048-00000768": "i eliminated videos because not much was really happening in my channel. what's just going on as", "gqLiVr9mhyY-00001-00000768-00001488": "usual. like, i don't want travel after one year, so what do you think i only made 10 videos. because", "gqLiVr9mhyY-00002-00001488-00002064": "you want me to upload less, or maybe i was just getting a bit lazy, but didn't want to upload less", "gqLiVr9mhyY-00003-00002064-00003128": "than 10. i think you might not be used to this if you used to be making more than 10, or me, 20."}}, {"audio_id": "gqPHrczP8XU", "text": {"gqPHrczP8XU-00000-00000202-00000584": "Jackie: \"Dude, Cory is totally sus!\"", "gqPHrczP8XU-00001-00000684-00000963": "\"What? WHAT?\"", "gqPHrczP8XU-00002-00000998-00001198": "\"Dang it! I'm sorry, Bri.\"", "gqPHrczP8XU-00003-00001230-00001892": "\"Oh, no. Oh, no! I don't want you. I don't want you!\"", "gqPHrczP8XU-00004-00001906-00002078": "Khoi: \"Jackie, what's your story?\"", "gqPHrczP8XU-00005-00002092-00002544": "Jackie: \"What's my story? Okay, I've done with this weird task that I've never had before.\"", "gqPHrczP8XU-00006-00002569-00003539": "\"And I've had to like, \"dip photos in some sort of solution.\" Like, to \"light-process them.\" And also, I get to do a burger, so are you jealous?\"", "gqPHrczP8XU-00007-00003565-00004003": "Khoi: \"Oh, my God. Yeah, vote for Jackie. \"Making a burger.\"", "gqPHrczP8XU-00008-00004138-00004450": "\"That sounds like... Oh, shit. Never mind.\" Jackie: \"But, I'm not...!\"", "gqPHrczP8XU-00009-00004564-00004913": "Jackie: \"Oooh! But I was telling the truth!\"", "gqPHrczP8XU-00010-00005152-00005373": "\"I knew it! I KNEW IT!\"", "gqPHrczP8XU-00011-00005509-00005849": "*Jackie starts gasping in screaming fashion*", "gqPHrczP8XU-00012-00005881-00006444": "Jackie: \"I shouldn't have checked! Here I am... MARK!\"", "gqPHrczP8XU-00013-00006498-00007229": "\"I thought... I thought we were close, Mark. I thought we had something but apparently not.\"", "gqPHrczP8XU-00014-00007252-00007494": "\"Remember Erika's logic? Wait, which one was Erika's logic?", "gqPHrczP8XU-00015-00007544-00007912": "\"Oh, gosh. Okay, I think I saw a purple person go down there.\"", "gqPHrczP8XU-00016-00007987-00008425": "*Jackie screams \"OOOH!\" loudly and repeatedly*", "gqPHrczP8XU-00017-00008454-00009059": "\"Report! REPORT! Emergency meeting! Emergency meeting!\"", "gqPHrczP8XU-00018-00009077-00009410": "*Jackie laughs* \"I'm walking so slowly!\"", "gqPHrczP8XU-00019-00009640-00009840": "\"Oh, wow. Okay.\"", "gqPHrczP8XU-00020-00009950-00010240": "\"Thanks, guys. Should have listened to me.\"", "gqPHrczP8XU-00021-00010274-00010627": "\"What am I supposed to do with this? Oh, am I cleaning? I'm cleaning it.\"", "gqPHrczP8XU-00022-00010849-00011213": "\"I KNEW IT! Damn you, Zach!\"", "gqPHrczP8XU-00023-00011228-00011646": "\"I've died like almost every time, but this is disgusting. I hate this.\"", "gqPHrczP8XU-00024-00011665-00011795": "\"Oh, no. Here we go!\"", "gqPHrczP8XU-00025-00011908-00012190": "\"Yoooo! Here we gooooo!\"", "gqPHrczP8XU-00026-00012255-00012511": "\"What? I didn't get to make a burger.\"", "gqPHrczP8XU-00027-00012760-00013050": "\"NOOOO! He was so quick about it!\"", "gqPHrczP8XU-00028-00013090-00013360": "Announcer: \"This is a certified hood classic.\"", "gqPHrczP8XU-00029-00013507-00013792": "Jackie: \"I just wanna kill you. I just wanna--\"", "gqPHrczP8XU-00030-00013792-00013933": "\"FUCK! FUCK!\""}}, {"audio_id": "grxKOGJLLnI", "text": {"grxKOGJLLnI-00000-00000046-00000629": "cost of movie Avengers Endgame was 2443 crore rupees and cost of is isro's", "grxKOGJLLnI-00001-00000629-00001233": "chandrayaan 2 is 978 crore rupees how isro's space missions are so cost effective", "grxKOGJLLnI-00002-00001233-00001619": "we will come to know in this episode", "grxKOGJLLnI-00003-00001910-00002589": "on 20 July 1969 NASA's Apollo 11 landed on moon and it was the first man-made", "grxKOGJLLnI-00004-00002589-00003093": "mission to touch the moon surface cost of Apollo 11 mission was twenty five", "grxKOGJLLnI-00005-00003093-00003726": "point four billion dollars equal to 1 lakh 65,000 crores on 50th anniversary", "grxKOGJLLnI-00006-00003726-00004350": "of landing on moon on 22nd July of 2019 isro's Chandrayaan 2 has been", "grxKOGJLLnI-00007-00004350-00004812": "successfully launched towards the moon in this mission Lander named Vikram will", "grxKOGJLLnI-00008-00004812-00005292": "land softly on the South Pole of moon rover named pragyan will map the surface", "grxKOGJLLnI-00009-00005292-00005793": "of moon and will collect samples for experimentation cost of chandrayaan-2", "grxKOGJLLnI-00010-00005793-00006264": "mission is only 978 crore rupees if we calculate today's cost from", "grxKOGJLLnI-00011-00006264-00006689": "Apollo mission it would be 9,94,500 crore rupees", "grxKOGJLLnI-00012-00006689-00007092": "it may seem that this huge cost difference between Isro and NASA", "grxKOGJLLnI-00013-00007092-00007556": "missions is because of time gap between two missions and the cost difference of", "grxKOGJLLnI-00014-00007556-00008088": "technology but some other examples also can taken for analysis like Mars orbiter", "grxKOGJLLnI-00015-00008088-00008597": "missions by ISRO and NASA Mars orbiter mission also called Mangalyaan mission of", "grxKOGJLLnI-00016-00008597-00009099": "Isro Mangalyaan space probe is still orbiting mass planet since 24 September", "grxKOGJLLnI-00017-00009099-00009797": "2014 it was launched on 5 November 2013 by Isro still it was India's first", "grxKOGJLLnI-00018-00009797-00010434": "Mars mission its total cost was 454 crore rupees only Mangalyaan is orbiting Mars", "grxKOGJLLnI-00019-00010434-00011086": "in elliptical orbit 77,000 kilometer by 422 kilometer above the surface of Mars", "grxKOGJLLnI-00020-00011086-00011732": "Mars atmosphere and volatile evolution that is Maven is the NASA's 25th Mars", "grxKOGJLLnI-00021-00011732-00012117": "mission Maven launched on 18 November of 2013", "grxKOGJLLnI-00022-00012117-00012794": "on September 22 of 2014 Maven reached in mass orbit an orbiting elliptically", "grxKOGJLLnI-00023-00012794-00013391": "6,200 kilometer by 150 kilometer above the mars surface cost of NASA's maven", "grxKOGJLLnI-00024-00013391-00013893": "mission was four thousand three hundred and sixty one crore rupees almost three", "grxKOGJLLnI-00025-00013893-00014262": "thousand and nine hundred crore rupees difference is there between American and", "grxKOGJLLnI-00026-00014262-00014781": "Indian Mars mission executed acts time after Mangalyaan and Maven a", "grxKOGJLLnI-00027-00014781-00015221": "collaborative mission of european space agency ESA and russian space agency", "grxKOGJLLnI-00028-00015221-00015687": "Roscosmos sent ExoMars atmospheric research orbiter and", "grxKOGJLLnI-00029-00015687-00016281": "demonstration lander to Mars in March 2016 orbiter is orbiting Mars in", "grxKOGJLLnI-00030-00016281-00016804": "circular orbit 400 kilometer above the surface total cost of ExoMars mission", "grxKOGJLLnI-00031-00016804-00017467": "was 9100 crores cost of isro's chandrayaan-1 mission was 386 crore rupees", "grxKOGJLLnI-00032-00017467-00018073": "only which was launched on 22nd October of 2008 facts behind isro's", "grxKOGJLLnI-00033-00018073-00018550": "cost-effectiveness first the is ro follow foreign program", "grxKOGJLLnI-00034-00018550-00018948": "for critical components and materials with Indian industry participation", "grxKOGJLLnI-00035-00018948-00019537": "reduce dependence on imported second Indian industry is contributing", "grxKOGJLLnI-00036-00019537-00019918": "significantly in the designing manufacturing and testing of components", "grxKOGJLLnI-00037-00019918-00020390": "and materials as well as subsystems as per is rose requirement third one", "grxKOGJLLnI-00038-00020390-00021132": "reusing the same tried and tested PSLV for multiple missions fourth one india's", "grxKOGJLLnI-00039-00021132-00021544": "budget on space program is less than seven thousand eight hundred crores per", "grxKOGJLLnI-00040-00021544-00022098": "year while in comparison nasa had budget of more than one lakh fifty thousand", "grxKOGJLLnI-00041-00022098-00022644": "crores in last year shaped in india the cost of hiring talents are far less as", "grxKOGJLLnI-00042-00022644-00023275": "compared to the west sixth engineers in india was much less than those in u.s.", "grxKOGJLLnI-00043-00023275-00023715": "the approximate annual income of aeronautical engineer in united states", "grxKOGJLLnI-00044-00023715-00024273": "it just under 1,05,000 dollars whereas in india the higher end", "grxKOGJLLnI-00045-00024273-00024843": "of scale for engineers is less than 20,000 dollars seventh", "grxKOGJLLnI-00046-00024843-00025370": "scientists in foreign organizations are hired before a project begins whereas isro", "grxKOGJLLnI-00047-00025370-00025801": "designates its permanent employees ahead of a project or a mission these", "grxKOGJLLnI-00048-00025801-00026443": "things make the information much cheaper that's all for this episode I hope you", "grxKOGJLLnI-00049-00026443-00026830": "found it to be informative if you have anything to ask please comment below", "grxKOGJLLnI-00050-00026830-00027158": "thanks for watching"}}, {"audio_id": "gsiZLUY3fXU", "text": {"gsiZLUY3fXU-00000-00000000-00000496": "Scrambled eggs", "gsiZLUY3fXU-00001-00000540-00000942": "Ingredients: 3 eggs, butter, milk cup (100ml)", "gsiZLUY3fXU-00002-00001056-00001398": "Put 3 eggs in a deep mixing bowl.", "gsiZLUY3fXU-00003-00002152-00002370": "Mix the eggs with a whisk.", "gsiZLUY3fXU-00004-00003080-00003306": "Put half a cup of milk into the bowl", "gsiZLUY3fXU-00005-00003306-00003694": "Please mix", "gsiZLUY3fXU-00006-00004079-00004336": "Season with salt and sugar.", "gsiZLUY3fXU-00007-00004572-00004886": "I like sweets so I added more sugar.", "gsiZLUY3fXU-00008-00005404-00005548": "Put a frying pan", "gsiZLUY3fXU-00009-00005548-00005874": "Melt the butter.", "gsiZLUY3fXU-00010-00007723-00008048": "After adjusting to low heat, pour the egg water into the pan.", "gsiZLUY3fXU-00011-00008864-00009024": "When the eggs start to cook little by little", "gsiZLUY3fXU-00012-00009024-00009404": "Scratch the bottom of the pan without stopping.", "gsiZLUY3fXU-00013-00010286-00010480": "When you think eggs are less cooked", "gsiZLUY3fXU-00014-00010480-00010714": "Please turn off the light.", "gsiZLUY3fXU-00015-00010858-00011186": "I'll put the scrambled eggs on the plate.", "gsiZLUY3fXU-00016-00011526-00011788": "It looks delicious.", "gsiZLUY3fXU-00017-00012028-00012310": "Sprinkle with pepper.", "gsiZLUY3fXU-00018-00012686-00012932": "I'll have a bite.", "gsiZLUY3fXU-00019-00013197-00013458": "It's savory and very soft", "gsiZLUY3fXU-00020-00013797-00014054": "Dip it into ketchup", "gsiZLUY3fXU-00021-00014166-00014347": "It's the taste I thought.", "gsiZLUY3fXU-00022-00014450-00014647": "It was delicious well today.", "gsiZLUY3fXU-00023-00014716-00015788": "If you enjoyed it, please subscribe and like it. : D"}}, {"audio_id": "gs_jpyY_qpo", "text": {"gs_jpyY_qpo-00000-00000000-00000100": "And here we go...", "gs_jpyY_qpo-00001-00000409-00000800": "We first look at the settings...", "gs_jpyY_qpo-00002-00000819-00001010": "Only the (private) IPv4 address", "gs_jpyY_qpo-00003-00001019-00001120": "Is visible"}}, {"audio_id": "gsSiN7XQl2E", "text": {"gsSiN7XQl2E-00000-00000069-00000169": "Imagine.", "gsSiN7XQl2E-00001-00000169-00000654": "You’ve been working for years to prepare a college application worthy of the Ivy League.", "gsSiN7XQl2E-00002-00000654-00001124": "You’ve gotten straight A’s in all the hardest classes, completed hundreds of hours", "gsSiN7XQl2E-00003-00001124-00001679": "of community service, smoked those standardized tests, even made the varsity basketball team", "gsSiN7XQl2E-00004-00001679-00001871": "three years running.", "gsSiN7XQl2E-00005-00001871-00002284": "And then just as you’re about to mail your college application, your phone rings.", "gsSiN7XQl2E-00006-00002284-00002539": "It’s the admissions office at Harvard.", "gsSiN7XQl2E-00007-00002539-00002786": "They say don’t bother filling out an application at all.", "gsSiN7XQl2E-00008-00002786-00002949": "You’ve been accepted.", "gsSiN7XQl2E-00009-00002949-00003268": "Congratulations, you start this August.", "gsSiN7XQl2E-00010-00003268-00003471": "Now on one hand, you’d be happy.", "gsSiN7XQl2E-00011-00003471-00003740": "You’re going to your dream school.", "gsSiN7XQl2E-00012-00003740-00004035": "But on the other hand, you might feel a little let down, right?", "gsSiN7XQl2E-00013-00004035-00004444": "I mean, you’ve done all this hard work, you’ve given up hanging out with friends", "gsSiN7XQl2E-00014-00004444-00004603": "for extra study time.", "gsSiN7XQl2E-00015-00004603-00005115": "Maybe you’ve never really liked basketball in the first place.", "gsSiN7XQl2E-00016-00005115-00005494": "After all the sacrifices you’ve made, you kind of wanted to see you if you could earn", "gsSiN7XQl2E-00017-00005494-00005753": "that spot at Harvard.", "gsSiN7XQl2E-00018-00005753-00005973": "Stories like this one don’t happen in real life.", "gsSiN7XQl2E-00019-00005973-00006468": "But this hypothetical scenario might help you understand the plot device called Deus", "gsSiN7XQl2E-00020-00006468-00006643": "Ex Machina.", "gsSiN7XQl2E-00021-00006643-00007165": "Deus Ex Machina is Latin for “God from the machine,” and the device has been around", "gsSiN7XQl2E-00022-00007165-00007445": "since the time of Greek theater.", "gsSiN7XQl2E-00023-00007445-00007848": "The ancient playwright Euripides popularized the technique.", "gsSiN7XQl2E-00024-00007848-00008525": "His tragedies placed characters in these confounding situations; they strove to resolve their dilemmas", "gsSiN7XQl2E-00025-00008525-00009064": "only to be saved from defeat at the last moment by an early form of special effect.", "gsSiN7XQl2E-00026-00009064-00009627": "See, Euripides enjoyed delivering gods to the stage with the help of a machine kind", "gsSiN7XQl2E-00027-00009627-00009734": "of like a crane.", "gsSiN7XQl2E-00028-00009734-00010370": "Hence the name, Deus Ex Machina.", "gsSiN7XQl2E-00029-00010370-00010793": "This plot device has been used ever since by writers struggling to find an ending to", "gsSiN7XQl2E-00030-00010793-00010946": "their story.", "gsSiN7XQl2E-00031-00010946-00011380": "You might have seen it in William Golding’s novel Lord of the Flies about children stranded", "gsSiN7XQl2E-00032-00011380-00011931": "on an island who are rescued by a naval officer who happens to be passing the island.", "gsSiN7XQl2E-00033-00011931-00012494": "Charles Dickens used it in Oliver Twist, Tolkien did too in Lord of the Rings.", "gsSiN7XQl2E-00034-00012494-00012913": "Even Shakespeare was known to rely on the technique from time to time.", "gsSiN7XQl2E-00035-00012913-00013558": "And when Deus Ex Machina is used, readers almost always feel—meh—a little let down.", "gsSiN7XQl2E-00036-00013558-00013744": "Here’s why:", "gsSiN7XQl2E-00037-00013744-00014269": "Any story—ancient or contemporary—is built from just a few key ingredients.", "gsSiN7XQl2E-00038-00014269-00014644": "We have a setting, the reality in which the story occurs.", "gsSiN7XQl2E-00039-00014644-00015044": "We have our protagonist, who is the leading character, the star.", "gsSiN7XQl2E-00040-00015044-00015499": "And we have the problem that protagonist is trying to resolve.", "gsSiN7XQl2E-00041-00015499-00016260": "The plot of any story is built from the actions that protagonist takes to resolve the problem.", "gsSiN7XQl2E-00042-00016260-00016778": "The most satisfying stories—believe it or not--tend to be those in which the protagonist", "gsSiN7XQl2E-00043-00016778-00016906": "struggles.", "gsSiN7XQl2E-00044-00016906-00017449": "We see the character encountering obstacles, trying to overcome them, failing at first", "gsSiN7XQl2E-00045-00017449-00017768": "and then—we hope!—succeeding.", "gsSiN7XQl2E-00046-00017768-00018274": "One obstacle leads to another and to another, and in the story’s climax, the protagonist", "gsSiN7XQl2E-00047-00018274-00018626": "faces the most demanding obstacle of all.", "gsSiN7XQl2E-00048-00018626-00019145": "By this magical moment in a story, we the audience are on the edge of our seats; we’re", "gsSiN7XQl2E-00049-00019145-00019795": "rooting for the protagonist; we so hope our hero is up to the challenge.", "gsSiN7XQl2E-00050-00019795-00020131": "Deus Ex Machina steals our joy.", "gsSiN7XQl2E-00051-00020131-00020656": "Rather than getting to watch our hero overcome that most demanding obstacle of all, Voldemort", "gsSiN7XQl2E-00052-00020656-00021213": "or the Dark Side, we watch as our hero is rescued by some outside force.", "gsSiN7XQl2E-00053-00021213-00021778": "Our hero turns out never to have been the hero at all, only a victim needing help.", "gsSiN7XQl2E-00054-00021778-00022413": "Imagine if Harry Potter, in book seven, forgot how to lob spells and was rescued from certain", "gsSiN7XQl2E-00055-00022413-00022622": "death by Queen Elizabeth.", "gsSiN7XQl2E-00056-00022622-00023287": "Now, the force that rescues the protagonist?—it doesn’t have to be a god…or a queen.", "gsSiN7XQl2E-00057-00023287-00023741": "But it does have to come from outside the story’s immediate setting.", "gsSiN7XQl2E-00058-00023741-00023949": "Remember Lord of the Flies.", "gsSiN7XQl2E-00059-00023949-00024366": "For the whole book, we’ve been on the island with these stranded children as they struggle", "gsSiN7XQl2E-00060-00024366-00025059": "to stay alive: spearing pigs, organizing rival factions, avoiding cold-hearted murder.", "gsSiN7XQl2E-00061-00025059-00025502": "In the end, our hero is about to be slayed by his former classmates.", "gsSiN7XQl2E-00062-00025502-00025738": "He’s helpless on the beach.", "gsSiN7XQl2E-00063-00025738-00026245": "But rather than save himself, he is saved by a character we’ve never seen before,", "gsSiN7XQl2E-00064-00026245-00026799": "a naval officer—someone from outside the setting of the island—who happens upon this", "gsSiN7XQl2E-00065-00026799-00027230": "specific beach in just that lucky moment.", "gsSiN7XQl2E-00066-00027230-00027670": "In real life, maybe you’d prefer to have your dream college call and accept you even", "gsSiN7XQl2E-00067-00027670-00027824": "before you’ve applied.", "gsSiN7XQl2E-00068-00027824-00028287": "But in fiction, we hope our hero is up the task of solving her own problems."}}, {"audio_id": "gsSLhV6XFxI", "text": {"gsSLhV6XFxI-00000-00000834-00000884": "Hello!", "gsSLhV6XFxI-00001-00000884-00001084": "This is travel and vacation channel -", "gsSLhV6XFxI-00002-00001084-00001284": "Fritids Tur.We would like", "gsSLhV6XFxI-00003-00001284-00001484": "to show you the video about", "gsSLhV6XFxI-00004-00001484-00001684": "Hanoi city Vietnam, its sights", "gsSLhV6XFxI-00005-00001684-00001862": "and Centre Point Hotel.", "gsSLhV6XFxI-00006-00001862-00001912": "Noi Bai International Airport", "gsSLhV6XFxI-00007-00001912-00002112": "Hanoi Airport", "gsSLhV6XFxI-00008-00007316-00007436": "View from the room", "gsSLhV6XFxI-00009-00007436-00007636": "Hoàn Kiếm Lake", "gsSLhV6XFxI-00010-00007826-00008145": "Here is the advantages of the Centre Point Hotel", "gsSLhV6XFxI-00011-00008145-00008346": "Convenient location, in the center of Hanoi,", "gsSLhV6XFxI-00012-00008346-00008546": "not far from the lake", "gsSLhV6XFxI-00013-00008546-00008746": "of the sword; A delicious,", "gsSLhV6XFxI-00014-00008746-00008946": "varied breakfast is served on the veranda", "gsSLhV6XFxI-00015-00008946-00009146": "with the lake-view;", "gsSLhV6XFxI-00016-00009146-00009346": "Good view from the room;", "gsSLhV6XFxI-00017-00009346-00009546": "Polite staff;", "gsSLhV6XFxI-00018-00009546-00009746": "Disadvantages of the hotel.", "gsSLhV6XFxI-00019-00009746-00009946": "The room was very small and", "gsSLhV6XFxI-00020-00009946-00010146": "without a balcony.", "gsSLhV6XFxI-00021-00010722-00010778": "In Vietnam,", "gsSLhV6XFxI-00022-00010778-00010978": "the most of hotel rooms don’t have a balcony,", "gsSLhV6XFxI-00023-00010978-00011178": "although when booking", "gsSLhV6XFxI-00024-00011178-00011378": "a room the balcony", "gsSLhV6XFxI-00025-00011388-00011588": "in the description is present.", "gsSLhV6XFxI-00026-00015252-00015612": "Breakfast is served on the veranda with the lake-view", "gsSLhV6XFxI-00027-00016990-00017310": "Turtle Tower (Tháp Rùa) in the center of the lake", "gsSLhV6XFxI-00028-00017320-00017360": "Hanoi did not unambiguously impress us.", "gsSLhV6XFxI-00029-00017360-00017560": "This is a kind of island of communism ...", "gsSLhV6XFxI-00030-00017560-00017760": "In our homeland - Ukraine,", "gsSLhV6XFxI-00031-00017760-00017880": "communism ended 25 years ago ...", "gsSLhV6XFxI-00032-00017880-00018160": "It was very interesting to visit the country,", "gsSLhV6XFxI-00033-00018160-00018360": "which still has red flags with the stars ...", "gsSLhV6XFxI-00034-00018360-00018560": "Hanoi is far from a resort!", "gsSLhV6XFxI-00035-00018560-00018760": "There is not enough clean air,", "gsSLhV6XFxI-00036-00018760-00018960": "in the center of the city there is", "gsSLhV6XFxI-00037-00018960-00019160": "an endless bazaar trade, the narrow streets,", "gsSLhV6XFxI-00038-00019160-00019360": "the houses without yards", "gsSLhV6XFxI-00039-00019360-00019560": "are tightly packed together.", "gsSLhV6XFxI-00040-00019560-00019760": "The city is very noisy", "gsSLhV6XFxI-00041-00019760-00019960": "because of the huge number of", "gsSLhV6XFxI-00042-00019960-00020160": "motorcycles. The local residents can", "gsSLhV6XFxI-00043-00020160-00020360": "loudly shout,", "gsSLhV6XFxI-00044-00020360-00020560": "sing songs in the dead of night!", "gsSLhV6XFxI-00045-00020560-00020760": "Living here is not very comfortable.", "gsSLhV6XFxI-00046-00020760-00020960": "The Vietnamese are not", "gsSLhV6XFxI-00047-00020960-00021160": "aggressive, but too active,", "gsSLhV6XFxI-00048-00021160-00021360": "which annoys. They are at work,", "gsSLhV6XFxI-00049-00021360-00021560": "and we are on vacation.", "gsSLhV6XFxI-00050-00021560-00021760": "In Vietnam, there is some kind", "gsSLhV6XFxI-00051-00021760-00021960": "of ubiquitous construction", "gsSLhV6XFxI-00052-00021960-00022160": "day by day", "gsSLhV6XFxI-00053-00022160-00022360": "and until the late night", "gsSLhV6XFxI-00054-00022360-00022560": "- this creates discomfort. I want", "gsSLhV6XFxI-00055-00022560-00022760": "to say about the security. Before departure,", "gsSLhV6XFxI-00056-00022760-00022960": "we read articles on Russian", "gsSLhV6XFxI-00057-00022960-00023160": "sites and were horrified.", "gsSLhV6XFxI-00058-00023160-00023360": "They write about Vietnamese", "gsSLhV6XFxI-00059-00023360-00023560": "city gangs! That they steal everything,", "gsSLhV6XFxI-00060-00023560-00023760": "that the cameras are", "gsSLhV6XFxI-00061-00023760-00023960": "snatched right", "gsSLhV6XFxI-00062-00023960-00024160": "next to hotels, etc.", "gsSLhV6XFxI-00063-00024160-00024360": "It's a lie! We didn’t have", "gsSLhV6XFxI-00064-00024360-00024560": "any problems during our 21 days vacation.", "gsSLhV6XFxI-00065-00024614-00024726": "Mausoleum complex, One-Pole Pagoda", "gsSLhV6XFxI-00066-00024726-00024926": "One-Pole Pagoda", "gsSLhV6XFxI-00067-00025326-00025526": "Mausoleum complex, Palace garden and a lake with fish...", "gsSLhV6XFxI-00068-00025526-00025726": "Palace garden and a lake with fish...", "gsSLhV6XFxI-00069-00029227-00029316": "Orange grove", "gsSLhV6XFxI-00070-00029316-00029516": "Orange grove", "gsSLhV6XFxI-00071-00029516-00029716": "Orange grove", "gsSLhV6XFxI-00072-00031056-00031312": "Bach Thao Park Ha Noi Botanical Garden", "gsSLhV6XFxI-00073-00031312-00031512": "Ha Noi Botanical Garden", "gsSLhV6XFxI-00074-00031912-00032112": "Ha Noi Botanical Garden, Dovecote", "gsSLhV6XFxI-00075-00034110-00034222": "Hanoi Flag Tower", "gsSLhV6XFxI-00076-00034222-00034422": "Hanoi Flag Tower", "gsSLhV6XFxI-00077-00034422-00034622": "House on stilts Ho Chi Minh", "gsSLhV6XFxI-00078-00035202-00035538": "The street where the Centre Point Hotel  is located", "gsSLhV6XFxI-00079-00035556-00035876": "There are of course local little machinations:", "gsSLhV6XFxI-00080-00035876-00036076": "1) We called a taxi to", "gsSLhV6XFxI-00081-00036076-00036276": "the amusement park. The taxi driver brings", "gsSLhV6XFxI-00082-00036276-00036476": "us to the small stand located", "gsSLhV6XFxI-00083-00036476-00036676": "halfway to the ticket office.", "gsSLhV6XFxI-00084-00036676-00036876": "Tickets are the same", "gsSLhV6XFxI-00085-00036876-00037076": "as in the ticket office, but you have to pay", "gsSLhV6XFxI-00086-00037076-00037276": "in cash, a credit card", "gsSLhV6XFxI-00087-00037276-00037476": "is not allowed!This is supposedly", "gsSLhV6XFxI-00088-00037476-00037676": "for the comfort of tourists,", "gsSLhV6XFxI-00089-00037676-00037876": "so we do not stand in line ...", "gsSLhV6XFxI-00090-00037876-00038076": "2) There were problems", "gsSLhV6XFxI-00091-00038076-00038276": "with exchange of $.", "gsSLhV6XFxI-00092-00038276-00038476": "Not every bank is changing money", "gsSLhV6XFxI-00093-00038476-00038676": "without a passport.", "gsSLhV6XFxI-00094-00038676-00038876": "A passport takes the hotel", "gsSLhV6XFxI-00095-00038876-00039076": "for the entire stay.", "gsSLhV6XFxI-00096-00039076-00039276": "We changed the dollars at the jewelry", "gsSLhV6XFxI-00097-00039276-00039476": "store, at the tour agency,", "gsSLhV6XFxI-00098-00039476-00039676": "at the reception,", "gsSLhV6XFxI-00099-00039676-00039876": "at a slightly reduced rate.", "gsSLhV6XFxI-00100-00039876-00040076": "The airport has a good rate.", "gsSLhV6XFxI-00101-00040076-00040276": "We regretted that we did not change", "gsSLhV6XFxI-00102-00040276-00040476": "a decent amount at arrival.", "gsSLhV6XFxI-00103-00040476-00040676": "We paid dollars", "gsSLhV6XFxI-00104-00040676-00040876": "for Vietnam hotels.", "gsSLhV6XFxI-00105-00042542-00042638": "Hoàn Kiếm Lake", "gsSLhV6XFxI-00106-00042994-00043090": "The Huc Bridge", "gsSLhV6XFxI-00107-00043090-00043290": "The Huc Bridge", "gsSLhV6XFxI-00108-00044696-00044840": "Hoan Kiem Lake Temple", "gsSLhV6XFxI-00109-00044840-00045040": "Hoan Kiem Lake Temple", "gsSLhV6XFxI-00110-00045040-00045240": "Hoan Kiem Lake Temple", "gsSLhV6XFxI-00111-00053008-00053216": "New Year's holidays in Vietnam", "gsSLhV6XFxI-00112-00053216-00053416": "New Year's holidays in Vietnam", "gsSLhV6XFxI-00113-00056194-00056314": "Imperial Citadel", "gsSLhV6XFxI-00114-00056314-00056514": "Imperial Citadel", "gsSLhV6XFxI-00115-00056514-00056714": "Imperial Citadel", "gsSLhV6XFxI-00116-00066318-00066470": "Hanoi History Musueum", "gsSLhV6XFxI-00117-00066718-00066918": "Hanoi History Musueum", "gsSLhV6XFxI-00118-00067118-00067316": "We have stayed in Hanoi for 4 days.", "gsSLhV6XFxI-00119-00067316-00067516": "One day spent on an excursion", "gsSLhV6XFxI-00120-00067516-00067716": "to Halong Bay.", "gsSLhV6XFxI-00121-00067716-00067916": "We recommend to watch the videos", "gsSLhV6XFxI-00122-00067916-00068116": "about Hanoi, Vietnam on", "gsSLhV6XFxI-00123-00068116-00068316": "the Fritids Tur channel", "gsSLhV6XFxI-00124-00075206-00075358": "Hanoi History Musueum", "gsSLhV6XFxI-00125-00075358-00075558": "Hanoi History Musueum", "gsSLhV6XFxI-00126-00082150-00082246": "Bach Ma Temple", "gsSLhV6XFxI-00127-00082466-00082562": "Bach Ma Temple", "gsSLhV6XFxI-00128-00082872-00082968": "Bach Ma Temple", "gsSLhV6XFxI-00129-00096096-00096192": "Bach Ma Temple", "gsSLhV6XFxI-00130-00097464-00097672": "Thanks for watching our video!", "gsSLhV6XFxI-00131-00097672-00097872": "If it was interesting for you,", "gsSLhV6XFxI-00132-00097872-00098072": "LIKE it, share this video on social", "gsSLhV6XFxI-00133-00098072-00098272": "networks with your friends, please", "gsSLhV6XFxI-00134-00098272-00098472": "and subscribe to Fritids Tur channel", "gsSLhV6XFxI-00135-00098472-00098672": "in order not to miss new", "gsSLhV6XFxI-00136-00098672-00098872": "interesting videos. See you later.", "gsSLhV6XFxI-00137-00098872-00099072": "Bye, bye!"}}, {"audio_id": "gscW6utFxfA", "text": {"gscW6utFxfA-00000-00000066-00000372": "In this video, we're going to take a look at how we can find the slope", "gscW6utFxfA-00001-00000372-00000750": "between two points without drawing the graph.", "gscW6utFxfA-00002-00000750-00001082": "To do this, we're going to come up with a slope equation.", "gscW6utFxfA-00003-00001082-00001688": "Slope we usually represent with the letter m. I know slope does not start with m.", "gscW6utFxfA-00004-00001688-00001980": "I'm told originally slope was called the modular slope,", "gscW6utFxfA-00005-00001980-00002682": "we dropped the word modular, but we keep the m for slope. So, m is slope.", "gscW6utFxfA-00006-00002682-00003190": "And we already talk about slope is the rise over the run.", "gscW6utFxfA-00007-00003190-00003702": "And if we think about that, the rise moving up and down is the y values.", "gscW6utFxfA-00008-00003702-00004718": "That's how much we change in the y direction. I'm going to say change in y, over the run horizontally.", "gscW6utFxfA-00009-00004718-00005596": "The horizontal axis is the x-axis. That tells us how much we change in the x-direction,", "gscW6utFxfA-00010-00005596-00006282": "which means if we want to calculate the change in something, we need to subtract the two values.", "gscW6utFxfA-00011-00006282-00006616": "If the river was three feet high and now it's one foot high,", "gscW6utFxfA-00012-00006616-00007106": "we subtract to find it has changed two feet. So to find the change in the y,", "gscW6utFxfA-00013-00007106-00007480": "we will take second y and subtract the first y.", "gscW6utFxfA-00014-00007480-00007931": "Y 2 minus y 1 and we put that over the change in x,", "gscW6utFxfA-00015-00007931-00008462": "which means we take the second x and we subtract first x.", "gscW6utFxfA-00016-00008462-00009058": "So this equation, I'll write m over here again, is a very important one to us", "gscW6utFxfA-00017-00009058-00009358": "and it's one you going to want to commit to memory as quickly as possible.", "gscW6utFxfA-00018-00009358-00009614": "It's going to be a very useful formula for us.", "gscW6utFxfA-00019-00009614-00010300": "To calculate the slope, we subtract the two y's, and then subtract the two x's.", "gscW6utFxfA-00020-00010300-00010856": "Y 2 minus y 1 over x 2 minus x 1.", "gscW6utFxfA-00021-00010856-00011318": "Let's look at an example where we can use this very important formula.", "gscW6utFxfA-00022-00011318-00011892": "In this first example, we want the slope between (7 two), and (11, 4).", "gscW6utFxfA-00023-00011892-00012468": "Remember, points are always x y pairs, x y pairs.", "gscW6utFxfA-00024-00012468-00012897": "And we could pick this one over here the (7, 2) to be the first point", "gscW6utFxfA-00025-00012897-00013244": "and (11, 4) to be the second point.", "gscW6utFxfA-00026-00013244-00013990": "That's a two doesn't look like a two, but it's a two.", "gscW6utFxfA-00027-00013990-00014446": "There we go. So when we do our formula, that the slope is equal to:", "gscW6utFxfA-00028-00014446-00015340": "y 2 minus y 1, over x 2 minus x 1. We just plug the values in from our points.", "gscW6utFxfA-00029-00015340-00016024": "Y 2 was the y from the second point, the four, minus y 1,", "gscW6utFxfA-00030-00016024-00016948": "the y from the first point the two over x 2, the x from the second point is eleven.", "gscW6utFxfA-00031-00016948-00017418": "Minus x 1, the x in the first point is seven.", "gscW6utFxfA-00032-00017418-00018826": "Four minus two is two, and eleven minus seven is four, and two-fourth reduces to our slope of one-half.", "gscW6utFxfA-00033-00018826-00019242": "Let's try a second example. In the second example we're asked to find", "gscW6utFxfA-00034-00019242-00019676": "the slope between (-2, -5) and (-17, 4).", "gscW6utFxfA-00035-00019676-00020630": "Again, they come in x y pairs. We've got our first point and our second point.", "gscW6utFxfA-00036-00020630-00021534": "Slope is equal to this important formula y 2 minus y 1 over x 2 minus x 1.", "gscW6utFxfA-00037-00021534-00022282": "Plugging it in, y 2, the y from the second point is four, minus y 1,", "gscW6utFxfA-00038-00022282-00022618": "the y from the first point is negative five.", "gscW6utFxfA-00039-00022618-00023124": "Don't lose that negative. Remember we're subtracting negative five.", "gscW6utFxfA-00040-00023124-00024152": "Over x 2 is negative seventeen minus the x 1 is the negative two", "gscW6utFxfA-00041-00024152-00024434": "Subtracting a negative is like adding a positive.", "gscW6utFxfA-00042-00024434-00025230": "So, four plus five is nine over negative seventeen plus two is fifteen.", "gscW6utFxfA-00043-00025230-00025870": "Negative fifteen, don't lose that negative, and then we reduce the fraction by dividing by three,", "gscW6utFxfA-00044-00025870-00026739": "giving us three over negative five or negative three-fifths is the slope between these two lines.", "gscW6utFxfA-00045-00026739-00026982": "This is one of the most important formulas of the unit.", "gscW6utFxfA-00046-00026982-00027308": "Make sure you take the time to memorize it know how to use it.", "gscW6utFxfA-00047-00027308-00027838": "The slope is y 2 minus y 1 over x 2 minus x 1."}}, {"audio_id": "gtHk5f5Xntg", "text": {"gtHk5f5Xntg-00000-00000000-00000229": "What is a Time Bank?", "gtHk5f5Xntg-00001-00000270-00000530": "A time bank is a type of credit institution", "gtHk5f5Xntg-00002-00000540-00000770": "in which people can exchange their time rather than their money.", "gtHk5f5Xntg-00003-00000790-00000930": "Let’s see an example.", "gtHk5f5Xntg-00004-00000960-00001350": "Roberta goes to a time bank for the first time.", "gtHk5f5Xntg-00005-00001350-00001700": "She is a student with a large family who is always there to help her.", "gtHk5f5Xntg-00006-00001789-00002100": "She would gladly give a little of her time to baby-sit.", "gtHk5f5Xntg-00007-00002200-00002400": "Claudia has studied to become a lawyer.", "gtHk5f5Xntg-00008-00002500-00002600": "She often finds herself in a situation", "gtHk5f5Xntg-00009-00002650-00002900": "in which she cannot find someone she trusts to watch her children.", "gtHk5f5Xntg-00010-00002900-00003100": "The time bank offers a place to exchange", "gtHk5f5Xntg-00011-00003150-00003400": "what Roberta can provide with what Claudia needs.", "gtHk5f5Xntg-00012-00003400-00003600": "….and not just for them!", "gtHk5f5Xntg-00013-00003700-00003850": "In fact, Claudia helps Giorgio", "gtHk5f5Xntg-00014-00003900-00004190": "with legal advice for his new web based sales business,", "gtHk5f5Xntg-00015-00004200-00004500": "while Giorgio, who has experience in landscaping,", "gtHk5f5Xntg-00016-00004550-00004700": "helps Anna to prune her trees.", "gtHk5f5Xntg-00017-00004800-00005100": "Anna then makes a cake for Roberta’s birthday party.", "gtHk5f5Xntg-00018-00005250-00005400": "At a time bank, all time is valued equally.", "gtHk5f5Xntg-00019-00005450-00005900": "Two hours to cut a tree are equal to two hours to bake a cake.", "gtHk5f5Xntg-00020-00006000-00006200": "Do not worry if your account is in the red…", "gtHk5f5Xntg-00021-00006250-00006600": "at a time bank what matters is not an individual’s hours,", "gtHk5f5Xntg-00022-00006620-00007000": "but the overall time shared among the members of bank."}}, {"audio_id": "gtZlU7wTOA4", "text": {"gtZlU7wTOA4-00000-00001002-00001609": "God's 4 Down Unconditional Love", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00001-00001609-00002493": "He puts some sins asleep and controls how many times it is 1 or 0.", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00002-00002567-00002977": "But just thinking about it", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00003-00003021-00004011": "It’s a sin, yesterday, some enemies keep loving and keeping the body", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00004-00004011-00005210": "I couldn't do that, so I couldn't do that. Let's keep going with Hugo K. It's a book for other generations", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00005-00005378-00005936": "Ah ah ah that fact 1", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00006-00005998-00006886": "The substitute itself for such a person is unconditionally, that is, a person.", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00007-00006886-00007856": "Yeah now that's a question about unconditional love for those 3 big", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00008-00007856-00009086": "Because of the question, Mr. 4 and Saddam Group 2 sticky love will come out and come out.", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00009-00009086-00009865": "I keep living only by tipping unconditionally, and some people abuse it", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00010-00009865-00011002": "Uh, 5 requirements, what material will be the next video", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00011-00011079-00011765": "What is the result of the built?", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00012-00011765-00012524": "Even if you get angry, even if you steal at 0, the consul Ame", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00013-00012646-00013786": "Even if I kill people, wherever God is in Yongsan, so I keep looking for books.", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00014-00013786-00014997": "I have to be deceived in times and what will happen in the past? The consequences of sin are not true", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00015-00015061-00016378": "It’s soccer that you adopt and play. It’s not that God kills. Now, keep on eating.", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00016-00016378-00016722": "Please eat goman", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00017-00016803-00017559": "Where to breathe, then what will happen?", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00018-00017559-00018339": "I mean, I need a little more cigarettes.", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00019-00018339-00018865": "The result of sin is death", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00020-00018865-00019738": "You know, our consequences are the side, so just because we sin", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00021-00019738-00020910": "Inomu's baby ball is not a little constricted and arch rifle is not why God doesn't do that", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00022-00020917-00021972": "God's industry unconditional pride is because of this, joe's extra water supply 0", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00023-00021972-00022938": "If the screen did that, how would the war in the sky already", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00024-00022938-00024485": "The taste of the urban area Even if we enter here, God created human beings, sent intercepts and evil spirits here,", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00025-00024485-00025434": "Putting us in joy and saying, God sent his Son Jesus to show us unconditional love.", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00026-00025434-00026415": "Which one would a person choose or a desert would grow color blindness?", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00027-00026415-00027127": "So, fortunately, what did we choose? Ah, unconditional love for thoughts", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00028-00027127-00028324": "I’m going to choose uh, so if it’s cold in this land, if we close our eyes with color blindness,", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00029-00028324-00029259": "That I could resurrect", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00030-00029290-00030245": "So ah god uh if god is god", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00031-00030245-00031540": "No matter what Satan is like, the enemy’s thoughts are right.", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00032-00031540-00032219": "What do you know, what will happen if you say congratulations", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00033-00032221-00033184": "Then, God is only conditional, and in the end,", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00034-00033184-00034658": "1 In the end, what is power, we are good people who have nothing to answer, so God can no longer have life 1", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00035-00034658-00035668": "In this way, God cannot speak or act conditionally in irony.", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00036-00035668-00036637": "Jane keeps telling me how sweethearted that person in the end of death", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00037-00036637-00037462": "So, what God will do is keep giving to God’s unconditional love", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00038-00037462-00038533": "Repeat, repeat, repeat, hold the jack, and when the sinner approaches death, God keeps telling me how", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00039-00038533-00039580": "He took out many of those people, trying so hard to get out of that death. 70,000.", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00040-00039580-00040433": "How do you repay you to death in the end? Yes", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00041-00040433-00041578": "So, what is the final countermeasure that can make you do not commit that sin and come back together again?", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00042-00041578-00042693": "Actually, God cannot come to this world because he has become a human.", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00043-00042693-00043809": "How do you guys die on the axis? Show me this is the final measure", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00044-00043809-00044740": "The question is whether the human being believes that he knows and accepts it? Yes", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00045-00044740-00046369": "If you don’t go high enough, then maybe you can’t do it r So, the name of the later book God was putting life on that person, but I’m already", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00046-00046369-00047341": "Born, Mae-Dong did after the big game, so what does that love go back to?", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00047-00047341-00048586": "Because it was originally black, and the Spirit of God that was given to that person was God's French", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00048-00048586-00049188": "Received ah hour seconds color", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00049-00049250-00049832": "Well so ah", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00050-00049872-00050409": "Ah ah ah ah ah", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00051-00050409-00050792": "So let us sleep", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00052-00050846-00051782": "Do your accounting, I'm near heaven, yeah", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00053-00051782-00052394": "Inje Jesus said so", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00054-00052394-00053139": "Because of the words of Jesus,", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00055-00053166-00054241": "Almost everyone accepts that what they all do with accessibility like us", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00056-00054300-00054814": "Now, you’re close to heaven, so what’s it?", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00057-00054814-00055233": "Take the alien and go to heaven", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00058-00055304-00056632": "I think with words like this. Oh my, it's too low for us to be able to why we", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00059-00056632-00057700": "Because it's a wireless me, I have to do something about the bill, right. Oh, I have to do it to Absorb Po.", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00060-00057700-00058744": "But now that you have been studying the Bible in the meantime, the Bupyeong robbery of the cross", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00061-00058744-00059304": "As you thought, huh can't have one day", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00062-00059304-00060208": "It's not that Jesus asked for an accountant.", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00063-00060208-00060915": "So Jesus didn't even ask for that", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00064-00060964-00062311": "Jesus just said yes Oh so that day Oops 0 How did heaven come to the robbers", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00065-00062401-00062892": "Yes, because Jesus is heaven", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00066-00063144-00064162": "So look at that Jesus 2 postal digging ah", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00067-00064162-00064897": "If God's reel is a person, a robber like me", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00068-00064897-00066186": "Until then, he thought that God never sent robbers like him to heaven.", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00069-00066239-00066912": "But Jesus knew each one closer", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00070-00066912-00067642": "Jesus is already on the cross, oh", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00071-00067642-00068495": "109 People will come and fill, but that’s the person.", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00072-00068527-00069218": "When I saw that I didn't do a Christian role asking God to save me", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00073-00069218-00069910": "Even the right side of the cross is not what God says", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00074-00069910-00070274": "What's more", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00075-00070339-00071061": "Guna Shinan in the class 4 how to do it and 5 without", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00076-00071061-00071570": "Yes, to believe in that", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00077-00071604-00072657": "In common sense, it’s unbelievable. Formally, Ron was born in this world", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00078-00072657-00073595": "Oh, I filmed a lot of Choi, killed a lot of people, took people's help, and lived like that.", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00079-00073595-00074302": "A guy like me can't deserve to go to heaven", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00080-00074308-00075144": "[Music] So God is like me, honorable hell, following my father", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00081-00075144-00076065": "I mean, I was thinking of God that way", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00082-00076065-00076881": "He will use God as someone during his lifetime.", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00083-00076881-00077189": "Moist workshop", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00084-00077200-00078051": "The conditional thought was that Jesus saw such an attitude", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00085-00078051-00078733": "How do you think of your own God?", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00086-00078733-00079317": "or bring that", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00087-00079317-00080403": "If so, there is hope for yourself too.", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00088-00080403-00080837": "Uh conditionally sleeping", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00089-00080852-00081055": "Uh", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00090-00081084-00081530": "The direction of thought is yes", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00091-00081654-00082282": "How the direction is, how do I turn to hell", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00092-00082282-00083356": "Yes, I almost thought the direction would be like this, and then I came to what happened with that cross", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00093-00083356-00084383": "5 Oh what's a guy like me, heaven can be weak ah", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00094-00084576-00084950": "c what to walk", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00095-00084993-00085788": "I was going in this direction with this job and did something abruptly.", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00096-00085788-00086664": "Aroma is on the bread", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00097-00086664-00087230": "Like burn incense in the thoughts of God", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00098-00087245-00087562": "You know uh [music]", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00099-00087562-00087897": "Direction phone", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00100-00088552-00089280": "I was studying this very much. What kind of masterpiece should this letter of ruler make?", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00101-00089280-00090012": "Yes Ryu 6 Yes, what is the conversion other than this", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00102-00090012-00090387": "Term neighbor example", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00103-00090387-00091181": "The direction of my thoughts is sharply 4 New 2", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00104-00091383-00092106": "4 The direction to 1 is your yes and death.", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00105-00092106-00093317": "The direction to the ai is approaching baby, the scales are heading towards death o and not much", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00106-00093317-00093980": "So, where to go, the name unconditionally well", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00107-00093980-00094540": "Who is not good at God?", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00108-00094540-00095731": "Oh, in this case, I finally realize the truth that I have something left. So what do I do from some heavy load?", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00109-00095731-00097180": "u2 Feeling freedom, so the direction and direction of life are not completely adjacent to my neighboring thoughts", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00110-00097180-00097872": "That there is something wrong is called repentance.", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00111-00097907-00099167": "Okay 2 Pet Uh new enlightenment called pillow", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00112-00099167-00099547": "How to do things one by one", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00113-00099575-00099994": "I don't see you", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00114-00100176-00100863": "Look at the trigger. It's the house that Riga used to at this time on the cross swearing glory.", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00115-00100863-00101460": "I'm going to see", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00116-00101527-00102489": "It’s not like that, so I keep looking at the opened Bible", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00117-00102756-00103459": "Heal the sickness before salvation.", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00118-00103459-00105066": "There is no such case that people are treated like that. Everyone who is treated like that, has to blow up everything that does not burn, whether it is bad or burnt.", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00119-00105066-00105735": "That's why he repented that year", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00120-00105804-00106704": "Yes, what is the roadside? What is the salvation?", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00121-00106704-00107562": "Manda E. But how do those people know what repentance is?", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00122-00107562-00108911": "I don’t know This word So yo yeah Yes Such accounting is not like this Newton", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00123-00108911-00109157": "Ah oh", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00124-00109448-00110067": "Because uh apology illustration", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00125-00110067-00110842": "Oh, left, or ego pack ah", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00126-00110871-00111555": "The group that was taken like this did not change like this.", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00127-00111579-00112644": "You know, but the people we believe in are people who have made a U-turn like this.", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00128-00112644-00113672": "We made a U-turn and this is coming again in the early stages of Auri", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00129-00113672-00114032": "Got nervous", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00130-00114070-00115710": "It’s possible to confess that it’s like that. Yes, you know.", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00131-00115710-00116416": "Then look at your heart must hurt", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00132-00116416-00117205": "And who did I hate, and I was jealous?", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00133-00117205-00118345": "As he pulled it, he told it to God. Those who have already been saved are not those who have already been grenades.", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00134-00118345-00119425": "Even though I was saved, what is it still lacking?", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00135-00119425-00120467": "I wrote it in great detail.", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00136-00120467-00122090": "If you are saved, you have to accept it. It’s all over. Even though I’m so hot, I’m not calling and I do not want it.", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00137-00122090-00122695": "Oh, what kind of sin does the apostle Paul commit?", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00138-00122805-00123416": "Deokjeok also good condition 4", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00139-00123416-00124724": "Chado Paul said that the seed of the Gospel written by the apostle Paul is the beginning of his letter.", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00140-00124724-00126116": "I went to The Magyo, the Corinthian church, the Galatia church, and the Ephesus church to preach every other angel.", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00141-00126116-00127050": "The church where the apostle Paul was well upset must pass, and we need to go strong with the Corinthian church.", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00142-00127050-00127873": "Why are those conditional lovers in the church so strong", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00143-00127873-00128616": "Oh, you guys have to do a sale", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00144-00128616-00129463": "14 Li Law Month Wherever I kept the office, I kept going to the law because of the law.", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00145-00129463-00130172": "When the apostle Paul splits, Halle is the one who saves you.", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00146-00130172-00130375": "uh", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00147-00130468-00131395": "If so, what am I? I have to cut it off.", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00148-00131395-00131655": "You know", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00149-00131729-00132899": "Then you can make mistakes. You don't want me to make mistakes.", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00150-00132899-00133502": "The perm is off. Even if I fill it, it gets hot.", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00151-00133502-00133882": "I'll get the computer chip", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00152-00134146-00134782": "You should know Jo-ah-uh-ha, the future team huh", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00153-00134782-00135317": "From before so I don’t want to say anything like this", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00154-00135530-00135968": "So I was surprised, chicken 3, taste only 2", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00155-00135968-00137089": "[Music] There's nothing like that. We are all the same.", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00156-00137110-00138040": "Well, some of you know that Park Chan-hee or I was right when I met Jesus in a dream.", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00157-00138040-00139182": "If yes, don't you say I'm not Jesus", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00158-00139205-00139588": "I mean", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00159-00139588-00139986": "You know what's going on with this headmaster", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00160-00140073-00141030": "When I drew American beef, I did it for a year at all, so now the participants", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00161-00141030-00141428": "In other words, you have to change the deep emotion", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00162-00141608-00142186": "It's big, let's get it now, the last prayer is coming", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00163-00142197-00143052": "I do that and I hate it now, but a woman", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00164-00143052-00143479": "I didn't go and everything didn't work", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00165-00143538-00143897": "Even if you give me 2 souls, Paul", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00166-00144197-00144652": "Ah ah", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00167-00144718-00145323": "[Music] So why don't you go, Ignore the New Drug 5 quickly for 50 weeks", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00168-00145323-00145994": "In such a case, I think you've been far away, Park Chan is already Jesus", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00169-00146064-00146675": "er 5 4 outwardly is Jesus", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00170-00146675-00147512": "When I prayed after the lecture this evening, I opened my eyes and the doctor looked up.", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00171-00147512-00148186": "But what ah ah 08", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00172-00148435-00148758": "Doctor's Enthusiasm", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00173-00148897-00149419": "Alas, I dropped the young doctor.", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00174-00149419-00150212": "How do I support all the wealth I have, Doc", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00175-00150298-00150720": "At that time, we used the ionized book p", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00176-00151197-00151931": "Without", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00177-00151957-00152319": "Do you know what happens to the headmaster", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00178-00152550-00153135": "Are you in the heart of wanting to become the headmaster, and Park Chan-hee is here?", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00179-00153135-00153872": "Oh, how can I do if I say that there is a glow", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00180-00153957-00154445": "Just clap and what", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00181-00154445-00154940": "North Korea Episode 10 I Want To Believe", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00182-00154940-00155824": "I want to believe it, I'll be mounted with a wicked villain to trust it", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00183-00155824-00156958": "You know, from then on, many evil spirits have been in the bottle shop.", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00184-00156958-00157620": "So, on the weekday, another girl and another girl", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00185-00157756-00158504": "Hey, Yuzu is strong, I'm not good at mostly women.", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00186-00158504-00158990": "Then I", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00187-00158990-00159626": "I think there will be yes even if I do my haha ​​1", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00188-00159626-00160537": "From that question already, from the fact that I am losing, what am I already?", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00189-00160589-00160940": "So um kaon ah", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00190-00160940-00161461": "[Music] bed rock ah", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00191-00161630-00162472": "Seeing humans and thinking like that", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00192-00162472-00163439": "You know, so why should I see it like this?", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00193-00163439-00163777": "Asuka c than evil", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00194-00163840-00164935": "So please remember, so everyone", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00195-00164935-00165830": "I am okay o how did you think you were God", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00196-00165830-00166444": "Oh, that’s all innocent.", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00197-00166444-00167813": "The evil spirit enters and we have to make a 100-bat academy for the congregation. Then, how will you be willing to offer the same as a vote?", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00198-00167916-00169055": "Uh I'm bm, we want to be far away", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00199-00169139-00170404": "That's right, well, so it's all about accounting", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00200-00170404-00171059": "Oh yeah again, how can I prevent this conditional accident?", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00201-00171059-00171791": "Please accept my thoughts when it comes out of a very quiet way of working", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00202-00171791-00172108": "The foreground seeing eyes", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00203-00172119-00173400": "Oh, just after that, so this accounting is actually ah", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00204-00173450-00174109": "As for the name, Wi Fenton's cigar should be Wi-fan", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00205-00174128-00175136": "vpm This is the word pent, this is a translation of pajamas. This is what I regret", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00206-00175136-00175923": "Uh 4 staff 7 bad but I don't know", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00207-00175923-00177147": "What happened? Oh, but wasn't it really cold? That's not there for this chasing u21, so", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00208-00177147-00178079": "Eh, so the 2nd episode also suits this Eh, it's not prosperity.", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00209-00178079-00179101": "This is what I have to do with the original language.", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00210-00179230-00180202": "No, yes, then other ramen words and words that don’t know all together are a combination of friends.", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00211-00180202-00180685": "Metal is called meta", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00212-00180685-00181522": "What do you do What is the song after what happened", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00213-00181522-00181920": "It will bloom and then it will be 5", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00214-00181948-00182772": "Ah ah ah what after new enlightenment", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00215-00182773-00183958": "Oh, it’s not sticky. It’s always good. When you see the cross, it’s unconditional. No, I’m already", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00216-00183958-00185170": "I beg you to be good at that sin Before you pray again, what is it already? Save me uh", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00217-00185170-00186117": "I guilty a great deal about my words, and how did you die for me?", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00218-00186117-00187149": "The bulb has already been given to me. It is the gospel.", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00219-00187149-00188825": "When I took it with faith When a guy like me came When that moment came When the moment of u-turn came I didn't know so much", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00220-00188825-00189641": "Body like me 5 Why are people like me like me", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00221-00189687-00191349": "How did you hate God when you became Yonsei University? How did you swear at Jesus among our mates?", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00222-00191349-00192078": "With violence, very strong removal once you use any violence", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00223-00192078-00192911": "Uh, please turn it upside down", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00224-00192951-00194616": "So ah, then everyone, how strangely, there are other people who are still freaking out about other people’s problems. That person like Jin Joong-kwon is good at it.", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00225-00194616-00195444": "Yes, if I look at them, Lee is right", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00226-00195444-00196094": "Big such jeju geoje dc 5 just universe what", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00227-00196294-00197271": "I don’t have anyone who wants to be very weak.", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00228-00197419-00198852": "Oh so um uh so I ah so just stabbing the other party's weaknesses as very just authentic", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00229-00198852-00199652": "It's that refreshing bottom uh", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00230-00199710-00200559": "But now I didn’t want to say uh heuk oh, you said yes", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00231-00200559-00201657": "Oh, if possible, a person who sees the other person and eats well", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00232-00201657-00202679": "Once upon a time, I found only 10 million decisive and took chips again.", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00233-00202679-00203354": "Oh, the first bee on the window, so I feel comfortable 4", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00234-00203354-00204083": "Then my heart will be so big in the end Why do you see it going to be like that?", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00235-00204339-00205046": "Are you all convinced that you are riding on unconditional love EOS?", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00236-00205046-00205808": "So what nature will receive while doing so, we have to reveal color blindness.", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00237-00205809-00206194": "So health bowl", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00238-00206406-00207202": "So let's sleep like this So what about the real word repentance", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00239-00207202-00208165": "Ah ah i'm not already conditional maybe i'm like me too", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00240-00208165-00209186": "I wonder if there is a God? I got a bad gum. Why did I overturn the spirit of God a lot", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00241-00209186-00210023": "If God said this sweat is beyond my butter, what was the first thing it seemed like", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00242-00210023-00211262": "So, if you have to hit a bright m, what would be the survival of a guy like me and me", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00243-00211262-00211608": "Car baby 2 3", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00244-00211608-00212283": "Oh, you came at that time because of that cancer phobia", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00245-00212283-00212905": "4 Cancer Fear Cancer is scared of eating plants at night for what", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00246-00212905-00213339": "How can this just be?", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00247-00213619-00214535": "The fear of cancer is panic disorder, who is good for you Yes 0", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00248-00214554-00215385": "So I’m very, very sick, very good 5", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00249-00215385-00216123": "Yes yes, the bamboo salt that accumulates while driving", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00250-00216123-00217221": "Isn’t it on the verge or not? Because I know that the cancer is growing, the fire is exploding, but I’m not aware of it.", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00251-00217221-00217561": "How painful it is", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00252-00217636-00218566": "So, if I don’t do anything, I’ll be diagnosed with cancer eventually", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00253-00218566-00219292": "If you want to do it with the cornea, you're going to be smacking ah yes 4 yes", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00254-00219317-00220349": "But my mother-in-law, who was in Korea at the time, could send infidelity", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00255-00220421-00221350": "Ah, how do I do that", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00256-00221350-00221967": "I don't believe God's sweaty skirt or anything like that", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00257-00221969-00222692": "But the amulet couldn't be thick. Why", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00258-00222692-00223135": "g When I go", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00259-00223361-00224169": "I'm really going to put it in my wallet already with the cray.", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00260-00224169-00225109": "Nobody knows, so I’m alone, so now I’m wearing that luxury Benz", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00261-00225134-00225836": "Hey, how to sing and what way, Mitchell wormwood", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00262-00225836-00226981": "But I can’t throw it away. Wow, I’m afraid of Glee, and while I was doing that, one day a pastor", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00263-00226981-00227370": "I first tried it", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00264-00227471-00228227": "So I hate something a better God", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00265-00228227-00228598": "That means you're going to search", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00266-00228748-00229361": "Cho is a man who has become a beast. Then I will try the Bible or the language", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00267-00229361-00229836": "Oh, I brought it, the pastor ran away", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00268-00229856-00230872": "So let's look at the mission bible, how was it 1000 won and Adam was 5,000 through the rated sway", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00269-00230872-00231354": "Why what sty how anything 4", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00270-00231428-00231892": "So give me this review definition", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00271-00231921-00232740": "Part 1 of that thought is also a name, but at that time, everything was just", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00272-00232744-00233571": "1 Law Very Miracle Jung Kyung-soo Reggae Unification to Home Country", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00273-00233571-00234088": "2 rush to rule me in crisis", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00274-00234088-00234966": "Even if I don't like to do it, how can I make it like this?", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00275-00235129-00236131": "So, what do you think about it?", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00276-00236131-00236717": "What was caught and the Bible appeared", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00277-00236760-00237391": "I came to think of that", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00278-00237391-00237792": "I uh I know haha", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00279-00237944-00238997": "After I turned it on again, I became cheongnyangni, and what is the noh? I don’t know which fortune teller is a talisman that an ignorant fortune teller made.", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00280-00238997-00239474": "I do not write about the American bookshelf", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00281-00239474-00240203": "How do you know that it makes no sense to have it like this", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00282-00240203-00240833": "Burn the amulet with fire. Oh, so this is the evil spirit", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00283-00240833-00241717": "How can I do something I don't want to do and remember when all the kids at home", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00284-00241904-00243065": "Sarah and so all of your worries and drowsiness are dirty. Oh, so that's because I have to experiment with my wife.", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00285-00243065-00243996": "Why does airing keep worrying about it and leaving him away?", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00286-00244060-00244689": "You can’t write and accept it, so what to do", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00287-00244689-00245555": "And in the morning 4 choose the no-seul spirit", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00288-00245555-00245855": "Ahhh", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00289-00245926-00247146": "Oh, what do you do with powerfully active cow songs? If you have nothing to do, what should I say uh ah ah ah ah yeah", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00290-00247146-00247496": "So when", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00291-00247506-00248348": "Everyone who doesn’t do that is hidden uh because it’s a strong rejection and a lot of people", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00292-00248348-00249073": "In the name of the king", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00293-00249205-00249569": "Oh right", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00294-00249815-00250081": "That line", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00295-00250167-00251291": "Oh, it’s not half than the first. Then, should I do it to God?", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00296-00251358-00252290": "I try to help God for the first time. There is no such thing. What is the difference between insomnia and early indigestion?", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00297-00252294-00253009": "Doesn’t I get better with Wia? I’m summoned on the 5th", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00298-00253009-00253794": "The vote is resolved. Oh, so I can't sleep on the side of the blows, so I don't sleep at 100 won", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00299-00253794-00254567": "It’s good to go see it, oh this, until now it’s a vicious state 5", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00300-00254639-00255544": "So ah, let's look for God once, let's narrow down to God once", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00301-00255544-00256431": "Now, the problem is that I can’t know whether there is a God or not", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00302-00256458-00256848": "I really thought about writing", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00303-00256853-00258092": "I have to ask somebody for the alarm to see if there is one thing or not, because I can’t judge whether there is one or not.", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00304-00258092-00259270": "Who is cool with that salt? Oh, when I think about it, there's no one to ask, why is it a pastor?", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00305-00259270-00259567": "I'll do it this way", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00306-00259680-00260423": "Eh, someone like me laughed. Then what’s it?", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00307-00260423-00261123": "Yes, what are those people to show me proof that this God is real?", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00308-00261123-00261944": "Absorption putter child I'm in trouble. God must exist.", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00309-00261944-00262151": "on", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00310-00262208-00262600": "Hey, people who don't know this", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00311-00262701-00263655": "Oh, and it means that there is a God. There is no one to ask, because it's clothes. Oh, then this can't be mine. You", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00312-00263655-00264050": "It’s like that.", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00313-00264099-00264399": "Great job", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00314-00264438-00265221": "0 Come with interest c Come and give me all new ideas", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00315-00265221-00266108": "I slept like this even if Hyeongak's inspiration went into this inspiration", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00316-00266119-00266391": "Note", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00317-00266484-00267780": "First, assuming that there is God, would it be that I asked?", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00318-00267780-00268791": "If you look at the water and there is no answer, what is it? I want to know if there is no question about whether you have God.", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00319-00268791-00269676": "There's no ghost story in praying for a pity", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00320-00269676-00270338": "Still, the answer is correct, the life of the boat is correct", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00321-00270677-00271717": "So I hit the trash can and put my hand on the desk and put my hand on the desk.", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00322-00271727-00272092": "1 lifetime", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00323-00272190-00273171": "I have to solve this problem quickly here, what am I doing right now?", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00324-00273171-00273876": "Hospital 3 What is it?", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00325-00273876-00274955": "Yes, I’m not sure if I’m God’s", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00326-00274955-00276007": "I'm assuming that there are 10 people I have", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00327-00276007-00276735": "Please provide evidence so I can be sure Yes", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00328-00276830-00277570": "I need reform, right now I need to meet one", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00329-00277777-00278226": "That there is definitely", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00330-00278234-00278638": "Show me heaven", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00331-00278689-00279337": "Right then, the hospital is over and the author says", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00332-00279337-00280204": "That's the time, do you do it around 1 to 7 What, why don't you give it to your house?", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00333-00280204-00280981": "So I will go home quickly and come with the middle kids", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00334-00280981-00281931": "Please administer the oral passage in 30 minutes and ah, would you be delighted to be able to do it?", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00335-00281993-00282426": "Part 10 Oh what 2", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00336-00282426-00282677": "cf", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00337-00282677-00282940": "25 minutes", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00338-00282968-00283307": "Sixth in full seen", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00339-00283307-00284105": "[Music] The only thing in Japan that saw the tunnel, something 29", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00340-00284105-00284677": "Pohang 5th distribution 30 degrees", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00341-00284857-00285169": "I don't like it", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00342-00285183-00286080": "Because I don’t even know that 70", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00343-00286241-00286507": "So I", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00344-00286536-00286876": "Aoto is right", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00345-00286947-00288180": "This is the only area I'm afraid of, the two are worth 5 high places Aisha sleeps", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00346-00288182-00288941": "Yet the Bible is just a charter without a charter charter 5", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00347-00288941-00289963": "What does this mean 1 When I read and finish the faucet of the Bible, what does it mean?", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00348-00289963-00290536": "This horse is squeezed 4", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00349-00290553-00290847": "Genesis", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00350-00290910-00291168": "After window", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00351-00291312-00291569": "Noah", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00352-00291704-00292882": "Now, after the flood, yes, yes, when it was 604 ri, the flood came and what was 350 years after the flood", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00353-00292882-00293898": "So, that's why Noah, aged 50 years old, has died", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00354-00293985-00294291": "Say uh", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00355-00294298-00294501": "5", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00356-00294557-00294839": "I'm going to play right now", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00357-00294906-00295365": "I'm not surprised by this", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00358-00295365-00295703": "Surprised me", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00359-00295716-00296210": "This means in the old days 5 3 packs", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00360-00296250-00297086": "Sleeping close friends, in my honor, 3 people can study for entrance exams together", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00361-00297095-00297876": "Adada Seoul Station It's gonna be Alo, then buy one of these three", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00362-00297876-00298542": "1 What is it all? Oh, I left the Bible", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00363-00298542-00298964": "Please clap rice paddy ah", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00364-00298978-00299682": "Oh, this is where the solo solo winter we enjoyed and received", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00365-00299682-00300659": "If you ask what's the truth, it's like this", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00366-00300753-00301808": "Yes, I saw the foreground bur again and it bloomed, but I saw this. Let's not see this. What will I do", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00367-00301817-00302716": "7 Korea is awake. Looking here, I don't know what kind of guy you are", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00368-00302716-00303156": "Says he lived and died 54 in the country", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00369-00303156-00303434": "You saw this", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00370-00303491-00304309": "This is the truth Bing Sindra is like this Sakura", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00371-00304410-00304658": "Archaeological site", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00372-00304677-00305180": "After discarding the big, these guys are like unified fold 5", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00373-00305207-00305485": "I do massage in college", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00374-00305642-00306073": "Move in Hoan, it should be cheap.", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00375-00306077-00306798": "That’s why the three people who will be her will do 3 years, 5 years, 6 years later", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00376-00306798-00307551": "Too 7 0 Ball 3 people touched me and left. What should I do with you?", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00377-00307551-00308623": "Note Emmy has won There is no God What am I? Look, I am the same", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00378-00308623-00309575": "Well, what he said is what he said is holding God right now.", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00379-00309575-00310471": "That's why I'm closing the Bible, but I'm seeing the same. What are you surprised about? What are you surprised about?", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00380-00310471-00311962": "I was amazed about me Why was it raining at the time What this is a big breath This is a trash can How to do it at that time Sex farmland I can drink", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00381-00311962-00312835": "But today, after I played the instrument, I saw this", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00382-00312835-00313560": "When I need to change, it's what I'm thinking", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00383-00313628-00314577": "One song, then, does a person named Let go really buy 950 noodles?", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00384-00314577-00315066": "Can you judge", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00385-00315176-00315622": "Broadcasting is easy, Ups", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00386-00315646-00315849": "5", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00387-00315914-00316679": "Tool State Gintama Hits I Add Ulrich To Judge", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00388-00316679-00318077": "What's wrong with Lee Sang-gu? If you look at the words of this Bible at that time, what do you think you are seeing at this moment?", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00389-00318077-00318883": "It’s surprisingly changed. I wanted to change. I failed. No, put it on.", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00390-00318895-00319743": "At that moment, how did I change this mind?", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00391-00319743-00320778": "Uh, the only thing that can change my mind is 0. I think the airing is negative.", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00392-00320778-00322554": "I'm sure y'll be positive How can I change my mind to show that no human being can change God to show that he exists?", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00393-00322554-00322817": "Express", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00394-00323353-00324372": "I don’t have God.", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00395-00324372-00325398": "Oh, at that moment, every word of the coincidence will be taken out of the wallet.", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00396-00325398-00326246": "I get 0 guarantees since then and what and how 5 ah disappeared again", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00397-00326326-00326526": "Ah", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00398-00326618-00327817": "Ah, Hwang Young-hee, who was kicked out of the quiet conservative side, could you cast out God's notoriety again in that way. 2", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00399-00328044-00328438": "Ah ah ah ah ah", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00400-00328438-00328638": "Ah", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00401-00328863-00330118": "Then what I was thinking about that at that moment I did Newton to protect Oh 5 How God can help a guy like me", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00402-00330118-00331051": "I'm my one-man from the origin, doing too much of this, and the Jesuits pecking like this.", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00403-00331051-00331888": "He uses the violence that comes and blooms freely, and even though he is that difficult guy, where does the fire and luxury God put this guy?", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00404-00331888-00332862": "It's not a conditional inquiry to treat discrimination if I can't help or pay.", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00405-00332862-00333799": "So, what's the reason why I hate being with God more and more?", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00406-00333799-00334838": "The conditional princess who shows dog prints from the moment is weaving ah, maybe or I was wrong", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00407-00334838-00335447": "Until this time, I thought it was God who punished me with a distant condition.", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00408-00335447-00336272": "How can I build the most like me", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00409-00336272-00337738": "How You Come, How To Help Me Unconditionally How To U-Turn From An Enemy Or Enemy", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00410-00338241-00339194": "What was wrong with the super I realized I thought of God as a conditional sleep", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00411-00339203-00340081": "How was he going on the way of death in such a way", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00412-00340083-00341301": "How do I realize that God is unconditionally Enlightened because the enlightenment comes", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00413-00341301-00342438": "Oh ah yeah I've been approaching God until this time, giving me less and good money to God", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00414-00342438-00343381": "It is not conditional, so it is not conditional, so there is no fake", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00415-00343381-00344060": "It means that I misunderstood, and because of that misunderstanding, it became my heart to come.", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00416-00344060-00345245": "Minja, who God treats like this", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00417-00345245-00345701": "I decided to go", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00418-00346127-00346957": "It's like noisy, sin is so starry, there's a drum that's why", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00419-00347038-00347435": "After doing something", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00420-00347459-00348562": "After I was saved, I saw that God’s love is unconditional love.", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00421-00348562-00349130": "Newton is for you, you know, tell me this", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00422-00349130-00349923": "So ah ah ah, look at the bible, Jesus heals a leper.", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00423-00349923-00350700": "4 Healing the paralytic", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00424-00350700-00351858": "Then I'll fix it. Everything is like that, and what is Jesus in the second grade?", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00425-00351858-00352599": "The Israelites who were enslaved told me to repent to save the people.", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00426-00352599-00353141": "Oh, then why did you want it", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00427-00353153-00354145": "Because there’s nothing that asks you to write, it’s amazing.", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00428-00354159-00354506": "But why did you save", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00429-00354681-00355302": "How to keep what God promised Abraham", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00430-00355302-00356269": "Nell Herb Honestly Yes 4 The land of Canaan established her sister's country and pushed the candle.", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00431-00356269-00356897": "Using and i sent my son plan", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00432-00356897-00357806": "He said that he will save the whole world and deliver the gold of the first episode because there are red peppers in all places.", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00433-00357806-00359272": "The outside of this medicinal herb's writing is yes. I have to solve all the mistakes I have done while living", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00434-00359305-00359827": "I wish Kwon, it’s not black", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00435-00359827-00360526": "So every time we make a mistake after we make a U-turn,", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00436-00360526-00361260": "What should I do? May you forgive me again this time?", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00437-00361260-00361905": "Believe in this and the o", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00438-00361905-00362472": "The end of this month, you know, give us", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00439-00362511-00363534": "That's why repentance is what is saved? Heb 11:1", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00440-00363534-00364341": "So this is really simpler if you think it easy", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00441-00364407-00365115": "Your mother and my year-old daughter", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00442-00365115-00365834": "Uh click he went to the river in Seoul", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00443-00365915-00366451": "That's why my mom fucks me. You can't go into the building.", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00444-00366467-00367401": "You have to be careful, but now my daughter went to the river and went to a pretty fish", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00445-00367650-00368539": "If you make Korean, you can catch it. Mom, don't go in.", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00446-00368559-00369543": "So, looking at it like this, I'm looking this way 1 trying to lay it small under many trees and prepare it", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00447-00369635-00370597": "Take a step in a drink and do the exploitation and how to use it", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00448-00370597-00370905": "Shivering", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00449-00370953-00371351": "I was glad to go once", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00450-00371361-00371763": "Uh this crab overseas dry cavities", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00451-00371764-00372699": "Even one human is like that.", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00452-00372851-00373798": "What is my daughter saying?", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00453-00373798-00374509": "It’s like this, the unconditional love relationship between that beloved mother and daughter", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00454-00374509-00375351": "Give me scary Have a big yeah so uh it's easy to buy", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00455-00375351-00375736": "Yes yes yes yes", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00456-00375736-00376855": "So there’s a condition of agony. It’s a church. It’s a lot again.", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00457-00376855-00377253": "People who are saved are those who have not", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00458-00377372-00378089": "Oh, yes, it’s right, so maybe that’s why humans", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00459-00378089-00378940": "You can’t do anything wrong", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00460-00378940-00379732": "r was used, what did you do wrong without knowing it?", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00461-00379732-00380843": "The aunt who mobilizes for food, eats something more, so I call everyone and I have confidence", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00462-00380843-00382306": "However, it is very childish to think of such a God so conditionally. No 7", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00463-00382387-00382905": "Oh nonetheless", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00464-00383045-00384289": "God wanted us all 9 You are not bound to work on this amazing gospel.", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00465-00384929-00385980": "If possible, ah really ah, this accountant ah, really should I take care", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00466-00385980-00386382": "I don’t have a treasure island.", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00467-00386382-00387228": "After knowing that Maya is true, it’s not that moral number 1", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00468-00387228-00387801": "What do we have in our field?", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00469-00387801-00388681": "I'm running ha ha ha ha, the biggest whale about God's love", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00470-00388681-00389014": "Oh like this [music]", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00471-00389014-00389636": "Uh, the God of unconditional love, until this time,", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00472-00389636-00390048": "Thoroughly long and 2", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00473-00390072-00390871": "If you listen carefully to what God told you, uh, God can save", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00474-00390871-00391829": "If you listen to the next one even in an early dream, and you don’t think about it again", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00475-00391847-00392657": "Believing so conditionally believed that hell would be possible", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00476-00392657-00393035": "What is wrong [music]", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00477-00393035-00394250": "Thank you for letting us know this amazing truth about accounting for 2 u turns into the path of life", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00478-00394250-00394674": "Ta Amaya really we are men", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00479-00394674-00395963": "Now there is a cross without any access, it is the blood that we did the salvation that was given to us by grace.", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00480-00395963-00397046": "Oh, I just went too far and realized that he gave this salvation to the rider without access.", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00481-00397046-00397793": "Let me live in that joy and thanksgiving", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00482-00397793-00398507": "With that vitality, our 6000 teeth are bored and stocked", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00483-00398507-00399250": "Because of Jesus' faith, I dare to make cookies.", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00484-00399250-00400329": "[Music] Ugh Ugh", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00485-00400364-00400600": "Ahhh", "gtZlU7wTOA4-00486-00400999-00401332": "[music]"}}, {"audio_id": "guo-OzRX2zE", "text": {"guo-OzRX2zE-00000-00000000-00000224": "How to Use Aleph with Beth Are you interested in giving our free course", "guo-OzRX2zE-00001-00000224-00000840": "a try, but you don’t exactly know where to start? You’re not alone, and this video is for you!", "guo-OzRX2zE-00002-00000911-00001560": "A good place to start is by reading most of the pages on our website. We’ve designed our site", "guo-OzRX2zE-00003-00001560-00002168": "to help everyone understand the science behind our teaching methodology, and why Hebrew is important.", "guo-OzRX2zE-00004-00002232-00002792": "It’s good to have a firm foundation before you start by answering some of the questions we talk", "guo-OzRX2zE-00005-00002792-00003415": "about on our website. One of the big questions many people have is about our pronunciation,", "guo-OzRX2zE-00006-00003415-00004096": "so we’ve dedicated an entire page to explaining this so that you can have a clearer idea why our", "guo-OzRX2zE-00007-00004096-00004648": "pronunciation system might be a little different from others you’ve heard. It’s also important to", "guo-OzRX2zE-00008-00004648-00005176": "understand that we’re teaching biblical Hebrew, not modern Israeli Hebrew that you’ll hear if you", "guo-OzRX2zE-00009-00005176-00005808": "travel to Israel. Although there’s some overlap between the two, they are quite different. So", "guo-OzRX2zE-00010-00005808-00006272": "it’s important to know that if you learn Hebrew with us, you won’t end up learning how to have a", "guo-OzRX2zE-00011-00006272-00006848": "basic conversation in Israel, although it will be a helpful bridge to learning modern Hebrew", "guo-OzRX2zE-00012-00006848-00007256": "in the future if you decide to. Another question you might have is,", "guo-OzRX2zE-00013-00007256-00007720": "“How long should I expect this to take?” Our first response is simple:", "guo-OzRX2zE-00014-00007720-00008440": "a lifetime. Hebrew is a lifetime marathon, not a 100 meter dash. Think about how long it took", "guo-OzRX2zE-00015-00008440-00009024": "you to get to the point where you could read and understand classic poetry in your mother tongue.", "guo-OzRX2zE-00016-00009024-00009672": "It usually takes more than twenty years. And the Hebrew Bible is full of advanced poetry, which", "guo-OzRX2zE-00017-00009672-00010424": "even native speakers of modern Hebrew struggle to read. So we want to make sure you have realistic", "guo-OzRX2zE-00018-00010424-00010984": "expectations. You shouldn’t expect to sit down and fluently read the Psalms for devotions", "guo-OzRX2zE-00019-00010984-00011624": "after a year of studying Hebrew. You might be able to do that with the help of a lexicon, app,", "guo-OzRX2zE-00020-00011624-00012344": "or interlinear, but most people take years to be able to read Hebrew poetry well. We don’t say this", "guo-OzRX2zE-00021-00012344-00013056": "to discourage you, but rather to help you have the right expectations. Everyone can learn a language,", "guo-OzRX2zE-00022-00013056-00013808": "and Hebrew is simply a language, but it takes time and there are no shortcuts. For example, let’s say", "guo-OzRX2zE-00023-00013808-00014384": "you’re a native speaker of English. How long did it take you to have a vocabulary large enough to", "guo-OzRX2zE-00024-00014384-00014912": "write university level papers? Most people don’t acquire that level in their mother tongue by the", "guo-OzRX2zE-00025-00014912-00015512": "time they’re five or ten years old. So there really aren’t shortcuts even when it comes to", "guo-OzRX2zE-00026-00015512-00016160": "our native language. Language learning takes time, so one of the important things to realize at the", "guo-OzRX2zE-00027-00016160-00016832": "beginning of this process is that it’ll require a lot of patience. If you begin by thinking of", "guo-OzRX2zE-00028-00016832-00017544": "Hebrew as a lifelong marathon, you’ll set yourself up for more success and less discouragement.", "guo-OzRX2zE-00029-00017640-00018264": "So on the positive side, what should you expect? Well, depending on the amount of time you can", "guo-OzRX2zE-00030-00018264-00018824": "dedicate to Hebrew each week, you may be able to begin reading some basic portions of narrative", "guo-OzRX2zE-00031-00018824-00019432": "in the Hebrew Bible after a year. In our lessons you’ll start reading some simple verses before the", "guo-OzRX2zE-00032-00019432-00020056": "twentieth lesson. So within a year it’s definitely possible to begin working your way through some", "guo-OzRX2zE-00033-00020056-00020576": "passages of Scripture on your own. And if you’re at a place in your life where you can dedicate", "guo-OzRX2zE-00034-00020576-00021080": "hours each day to learning, you’ll likely see some impressive results within six months.", "guo-OzRX2zE-00035-00021136-00021768": "We fully realize that everyone in this modern, fast-paced world is in a rush,", "guo-OzRX2zE-00036-00021768-00022336": "and we want to accomplish things overnight with barely an inconvenience. But Hebrew", "guo-OzRX2zE-00037-00022336-00022872": "just can’t be mastered by quickly cramming a bunch of information into our heads.", "guo-OzRX2zE-00038-00022872-00023400": "Before you begin it’s also important to watch our tips video for learning Hebrew,", "guo-OzRX2zE-00039-00023400-00023840": "which will explain some crucial things that every student needs to know.", "guo-OzRX2zE-00040-00023840-00024264": "Once you’ve laid the foundation for your studies, let’s talk about what to do,", "guo-OzRX2zE-00041-00024264-00024848": "step by step. We realize that everyone is different, and not everyone has a lot of time", "guo-OzRX2zE-00042-00024848-00025520": "to dedicate to learning Hebrew. That’s totally ok. Our resources are adaptable to anyone, in any", "guo-OzRX2zE-00043-00025520-00026144": "season of life, with any kind of schedule. There are four core resources for learning", "guo-OzRX2zE-00044-00026144-00026704": "Hebrew with us: our videos, our quizzes on BibleLing, our transcripts, and our grammar", "guo-OzRX2zE-00045-00026704-00027360": "lessons. Let’s get to know each one in turn.  First, our videos. They’re designed to be watched,", "guo-OzRX2zE-00046-00027360-00027968": "enjoyed, and repeated at whatever pace works for you. If you only have time to watch one per week,", "guo-OzRX2zE-00047-00027968-00028512": "that’s fine! Or if you have time to watch a couple a day, even better. We have designed", "guo-OzRX2zE-00048-00028512-00029095": "a suggested learning schedule that is free on our website. We’d encourage you to download it,", "guo-OzRX2zE-00049-00029095-00029760": "tweak it to match your rhythm of life, reformat it if you wish, and then use it as a checklist.", "guo-OzRX2zE-00050-00029760-00030288": "Some people may need less repetition than the learning schedule suggests, but repetition", "guo-OzRX2zE-00051-00030288-00030832": "never hurts in language learning, even if you think you’ve already mastered the material.", "guo-OzRX2zE-00052-00030832-00031327": "If you’d rather not use the learning schedule, you can invent your own learning program,", "guo-OzRX2zE-00053-00031327-00031895": "but it’s important to follow the videos in order on the lesson playlist. That list", "guo-OzRX2zE-00054-00031895-00032439": "should help keep you on the right track.  On the learning schedule we include the quizzes,", "guo-OzRX2zE-00055-00032439-00032992": "which is the next part of our core materials. The quizzes are fun, interactive, multimedia", "guo-OzRX2zE-00056-00032992-00033552": "reviews designed to help you reinforce what you’re learning in the videos and assess how well you’re", "guo-OzRX2zE-00057-00033552-00034136": "internalizing the language. These quizzes can be reached through the link on our resource page or", "guo-OzRX2zE-00058-00034136-00034680": "learning schedule, and also can be accessed through the free BibleLing android app.", "guo-OzRX2zE-00059-00034680-00035200": "The third core element is our transcripts of the lessons. These transcripts enable you to", "guo-OzRX2zE-00060-00035200-00035592": "practice your reading skills with simple, recognizable content, once", "guo-OzRX2zE-00061-00035592-00036160": "you’ve learned the whole alphabet after watching up through lesson 19. These transcripts contain", "guo-OzRX2zE-00062-00036160-00036720": "everything that is said in the videos, but in written form, including lots of pictures,", "guo-OzRX2zE-00063-00036720-00037328": "illustrations, emojis, and color to keep you engaged. These transcripts also serve teachers,", "guo-OzRX2zE-00064-00037328-00037888": "whether at home or at school, who need a written guide for reviewing with students. Teachers can", "guo-OzRX2zE-00065-00037888-00038472": "also scan through the transcripts to get a quick idea of what is in a video lesson, or use it to", "guo-OzRX2zE-00066-00038472-00039040": "run a search for where a certain word or phrase occurs throughout the course. These transcripts", "guo-OzRX2zE-00067-00039040-00039656": "are free to download and print as well. They can be found easily on our website resource page.", "guo-OzRX2zE-00068-00039712-00040248": "Finally, our fourth core resource is geared towards those who want an extra layer of", "guo-OzRX2zE-00069-00040248-00040888": "precision in their study of Hebrew, or who simply love grammar. We’ve written grammar lessons to", "guo-OzRX2zE-00070-00040888-00041528": "accompany each video, explaining explicitly what’s being taught implicitly in the videos.", "guo-OzRX2zE-00071-00041528-00042024": "You’ll learn some of the academic terminology for describing Hebrew grammar and syntax,", "guo-OzRX2zE-00072-00042024-00042616": "and we provide vocabulary helps that clarify the meanings of words that may have left you puzzled.", "guo-OzRX2zE-00073-00042616-00043248": "These grammar lessons are a work in progress, and don’t exist for every single lesson video yet.", "guo-OzRX2zE-00074-00043248-00043848": "We offer them as something to supplement your learning, but not as a required resource. Some", "guo-OzRX2zE-00075-00043848-00044392": "people will do better if they don’t use these grammar lessons at all, at least in the beginning,", "guo-OzRX2zE-00076-00044392-00045016": "because grammar details may be intimidating or distracting. For that reason we don’t include", "guo-OzRX2zE-00077-00045016-00045632": "the lessons in the learning schedule, but we know plenty of people will want them and benefit from", "guo-OzRX2zE-00078-00045632-00046208": "them. If you do use them, don’t rely on them as a cheat sheet and run to them immediately", "guo-OzRX2zE-00079-00046208-00046864": "after watching a lesson once. Your brain needs time to internalize naturally, and you need to", "guo-OzRX2zE-00080-00046864-00047408": "learn to appreciate a time of ambiguity, where not everything is immediately clear.", "guo-OzRX2zE-00081-00047472-00047984": "So we recommend using the grammar lessons carefully for clarification after allowing", "guo-OzRX2zE-00082-00047984-00048592": "sufficient repetition for your brain to process and digest the material through repetition.", "guo-OzRX2zE-00083-00048592-00049096": "So those are the core elements for learning Hebrew with us. If you want to follow us on our", "guo-OzRX2zE-00084-00049096-00049616": "social media channels, you can do so on Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram. On Twitter and Facebook", "guo-OzRX2zE-00085-00049616-00050448": "you’ll learn interesting things about the history of Hebrew, and from time to time we’ll recommend", "guo-OzRX2zE-00086-00050448-00051048": "good resources we come across, and we’ll keep you up to date on the new content we are releasing", "guo-OzRX2zE-00087-00051048-00051648": "for your growth in the language. On our Instagram you’ll see a few pictures every week with Hebrew", "guo-OzRX2zE-00088-00051648-00052376": "describing what’s in the picture, simple Bible verses and vocabulary. This serves as a quick way", "guo-OzRX2zE-00089-00052376-00052967": "to review and maintain what you’ve learned.  Make sure to explore our resource page for", "guo-OzRX2zE-00090-00052967-00053455": "other interesting things you may not have seen before, like the very useful BART", "guo-OzRX2zE-00091-00053455-00053904": "app and a place where you can download high resolution manuscript images.", "guo-OzRX2zE-00092-00053984-00054600": "For those who struggle with reliable Internet or simply don’t have access, we’ve got you covered.", "guo-OzRX2zE-00093-00054600-00055208": "At the bottom of our “How It Works” page you’ll find several convenient ways to download our", "guo-OzRX2zE-00094-00055208-00055760": "videos for offline viewing or sharing with others on USB drives. We would love for you", "guo-OzRX2zE-00095-00055760-00056448": "to help get our videos into the hands of those in developing countries with no internet connection,", "guo-OzRX2zE-00096-00056448-00057128": "especially those involved in Bible translation. Anyway, that should be enough to get you started!", "guo-OzRX2zE-00097-00057128-00057624": "If you have further questions, remember that you’ll probably find an answer somewhere on our", "guo-OzRX2zE-00098-00057624-00058248": "website. We wish you shalom in your studies, and if you have a question we haven’t answered online,", "guo-OzRX2zE-00099-00058248-00058760": "or a testimonial to share, we’re easy to get in touch with via email or our", "guo-OzRX2zE-00100-00058760-00060384": "social media channels. Thanks for being part of experiencing the joy of Hebrew with us!"}}, {"audio_id": "guPhQVCTE1A", "text": {}}, {"audio_id": "gv6TIu0feuU", "text": {"gv6TIu0feuU-00000-00000000-00000160": "#getrektaustria", "gv6TIu0feuU-00001-00000166-00000293": "guten tag", "gv6TIu0feuU-00002-00000421-00000500": "head blowes off (I dont know how to right funny captions)", "gv6TIu0feuU-00003-00000516-00000748": "trench'd", "gv6TIu0feuU-00004-00001358-00001708": "☭october revolution☭", "gv6TIu0feuU-00005-00001708-00001863": "pls save my ears", "gv6TIu0feuU-00006-00002931-00003103": "why wont u ever let me fully watch  my movie"}}, {"audio_id": "gv7iLOGJhGc", "text": {"gv7iLOGJhGc-00000-00000210-00000310": "Uh.", "gv7iLOGJhGc-00001-00000310-00000409": "What is this?", "gv7iLOGJhGc-00002-00000409-00000509": "Uh.", "gv7iLOGJhGc-00003-00000509-00000727": "Thomas Silk's Portfolio video.", "gv7iLOGJhGc-00004-00000727-00000944": "Take one.", "gv7iLOGJhGc-00005-00000944-00001126": "Hey!", "gv7iLOGJhGc-00006-00001126-00001257": "How are YOU doing?", "gv7iLOGJhGc-00007-00001257-00001636": "My name is Thomas Silk, and I am a broadcaster at Mount Hood Community College.", "gv7iLOGJhGc-00008-00001636-00001895": "I love movie making and being a part of the entire creative process.", "gv7iLOGJhGc-00009-00001895-00002391": "One day, I hope to become a producer because I want to help other creative individuals", "gv7iLOGJhGc-00010-00002391-00002652": "and their dream projects come to life.", "gv7iLOGJhGc-00011-00002652-00003009": "For the past two years, I have collaborated and created with my fellow Integrated Media", "gv7iLOGJhGc-00012-00003009-00003454": "students and a few industry professionals to produce content in a wide variety of creative", "gv7iLOGJhGc-00013-00003454-00003564": "disciplines.", "gv7iLOGJhGc-00014-00003564-00004086": "Take this PSA assignment I worked on alongside a frequent collaborator of mine, Scotty Copalman.", "gv7iLOGJhGc-00015-00004086-00004703": "He, a graphic design student, and I, a broadcaster, worked together as both the copywriter and", "gv7iLOGJhGc-00016-00004703-00004948": "art director halves of a creative team.", "gv7iLOGJhGc-00017-00004948-00005126": "Together, we had two clients.", "gv7iLOGJhGc-00018-00005126-00005521": "It was our mission to create a multimedia marketing campaign for their respective public", "gv7iLOGJhGc-00019-00005521-00005698": "service announcements.", "gv7iLOGJhGc-00020-00005698-00006192": "We spent dozens of hours crafting each of our pitches for our clients.", "gv7iLOGJhGc-00021-00006192-00006554": "Making sure that everything from the target audience, the hurdles we'd have to jump through,", "gv7iLOGJhGc-00022-00006554-00006995": "and the execution was on brand, concise, and powerful.", "gv7iLOGJhGc-00023-00006995-00007254": "I've learned many new skills in the past two years.", "gv7iLOGJhGc-00024-00007254-00007545": "I've become comfortable with most Adobe products.", "gv7iLOGJhGc-00025-00007545-00007929": "Just check out this kinetic typography project that I worked on.", "gv7iLOGJhGc-00026-00007929-00008159": "I also know the ins and outs of anything Google-related.", "gv7iLOGJhGc-00027-00008159-00008542": "As well as how to keep files and folders neat and orderly.", "gv7iLOGJhGc-00028-00008542-00008864": "Nothing worse than being handed a drive and not knowing where anything is.", "gv7iLOGJhGc-00029-00008864-00008996": "Am I right?", "gv7iLOGJhGc-00030-00008996-00009471": "I know that I love to network, and I also love to step up and lead creative teams.", "gv7iLOGJhGc-00031-00009471-00009961": "I always want to hear everyone's ideas because I know that I don't hold all the answers.", "gv7iLOGJhGc-00032-00009961-00010365": "The creative world is a collaborative one, and I need all the help I can get.", "gv7iLOGJhGc-00033-00010365-00010615": "Anyone who knows me knows that I love to perform.", "gv7iLOGJhGc-00034-00010615-00010964": "I have never been shy to be on camera or in front of a crowd.", "gv7iLOGJhGc-00035-00010964-00011442": "I have been acting and sometimes helping produce a feature-length, micro-budget, indie thriller", "gv7iLOGJhGc-00036-00011442-00011614": "since March 2020.", "gv7iLOGJhGc-00037-00011614-00011897": "I have years of community theater and choral training.", "gv7iLOGJhGc-00038-00011897-00012243": "I also have been performing improv comedy for over five years.", "gv7iLOGJhGc-00039-00012243-00012404": "Even online.", "gv7iLOGJhGc-00040-00012404-00012520": "This past year has been difficult.", "gv7iLOGJhGc-00041-00012520-00012828": "We've all had to learn new skills and change the way we do things.", "gv7iLOGJhGc-00042-00012828-00013106": "But that might have been the most important lesson I've learned.", "gv7iLOGJhGc-00043-00013106-00013513": "We can do anything that we are passionate about, and I want to help you create your", "gv7iLOGJhGc-00044-00013513-00013719": "passion projects.", "gv7iLOGJhGc-00045-00013719-00015201": "I am Thomas Silk, and I am a broadcaster."}}, {"audio_id": "gvP4Viu8tX4", "text": {"gvP4Viu8tX4-00000-00000084-00000133": "COOL"}}, {"audio_id": "gwr8dNH-EqI", "text": {"gwr8dNH-EqI-00000-00000008-00000502": "And the root cause of these differences is actually very simple.", "gwr8dNH-EqI-00001-00000502-00001532": "Dr Fei Xiaotong, a well-known sociologist in China, gave the answer in the book From", "gwr8dNH-EqI-00002-00001532-00001632": "The Soil.", "gwr8dNH-EqI-00003-00001632-00002323": "Fei Xiaotong received his PhD degree from the School of Economics and Political Science,", "gwr8dNH-EqI-00004-00002323-00002864": "the University of London, in 1938 under the tutelage of Dr. Malinowski.", "gwr8dNH-EqI-00005-00002864-00004449": "His books \"Economics of Jiangcun\" and \"From The Soil\" opened up the social sciences in", "gwr8dNH-EqI-00006-00004449-00004710": "China.", "gwr8dNH-EqI-00007-00004710-00005734": "Later he won the Huxley Award, the \"Encyclopedia Britannica\" award.", "gwr8dNH-EqI-00008-00005734-00006651": "Although this book was written in the 1930s, it is the cornerstone of Chinese sociology", "gwr8dNH-EqI-00009-00006651-00007081": "and is still answering our questions today.", "gwr8dNH-EqI-00010-00007081-00007809": "China is traditionally an agricultural country with a long history.", "gwr8dNH-EqI-00011-00007809-00008292": "The central part of ancient China was the countryside.", "gwr8dNH-EqI-00012-00008292-00009214": "Therefore, stability and a modest way of dealing with the world has been added to the Chinese", "gwr8dNH-EqI-00013-00009214-00009360": "nation.", "gwr8dNH-EqI-00014-00009360-00010365": "In our society, home is a continuous business community.", "gwr8dNH-EqI-00015-00010365-00011414": "Its central axis is between father and son, mother-in-law and daughter-in-law, and it", "gwr8dNH-EqI-00016-00011414-00011770": "is vertical.", "gwr8dNH-EqI-00017-00011770-00013151": "There are family rules in Chinese families, and all businesses follow the rules and pursue", "gwr8dNH-EqI-00018-00013151-00013379": "efficiency.", "gwr8dNH-EqI-00019-00013379-00014316": "Husband and wife should respect each other and pay attention to responsibility and obedience", "gwr8dNH-EqI-00020-00014316-00014722": "between parents and children.", "gwr8dNH-EqI-00021-00014722-00015929": "Since the industrialization of the West was completed earlier than in China, Western families", "gwr8dNH-EqI-00022-00015929-00016318": "entered the \"small family\" model very early.", "gwr8dNH-EqI-00023-00016318-00017043": "Husband and wife are the central axes of the family, and the relationship between the two", "gwr8dNH-EqI-00024-00017043-00017320": "sexes is the power of harmony."}}, {"audio_id": "gwRl1FidzA4", "text": {"gwRl1FidzA4-00000-00000136-00000968": "Alright. The SQ3R Method. This is the tried and true method for effective reading of", "gwRl1FidzA4-00001-00000968-00001432": "your textbook in school. This can also be used for other reading materials,", "gwRl1FidzA4-00002-00001536-00002272": "and I called the SQ3R Method just because that term has been around longest. If you look this", "gwRl1FidzA4-00003-00002272-00003112": "up on YouTube, for example, you'll probably find other examples that say SQ4R Method.", "gwRl1FidzA4-00004-00003296-00004104": "Those are just because we have adapted and improved this method over time. I am still calling", "gwRl1FidzA4-00005-00004104-00005784": "it SQ3R Method, but I have incorporated some of the newer research strategies to mix in with this.", "gwRl1FidzA4-00006-00006000-00006784": "So let's start first with what is the SQ3R Method, right? Survey, Question,", "gwRl1FidzA4-00007-00006784-00007184": "and then the three R's, which are Read, Recite, and Review.", "gwRl1FidzA4-00008-00007456-00008095": "Step one is Survey. Surveying is essentially skimming or pre-reading the chapter.", "gwRl1FidzA4-00009-00008280-00008704": "When you're going through the survey portion, you're going to be looking at the headings,", "gwRl1FidzA4-00010-00008776-00009504": "subheadings, first and last paragraphs, and first sentences of major paragraphs. Alright?", "gwRl1FidzA4-00011-00009672-00010328": "You're also going to want to look for photos, graphs, charts, and bulleted and numbered lists.", "gwRl1FidzA4-00012-00010328-00010824": "Pretty much anything that sticks out as a little bit different from the main chunks of text.", "gwRl1FidzA4-00013-00011144-00011584": "Now once you've done the surveying, you're going to do the question part. This is where", "gwRl1FidzA4-00014-00011584-00012200": "you're going to actually form questions based on the surveying that you did. Now, personally,", "gwRl1FidzA4-00015-00012200-00012880": "I kind of mix these two together. Some people do question first and then survey. I personally", "gwRl1FidzA4-00016-00012880-00013656": "think the way that our textbook is set up, that's a better way to go about it. Um, or more so doing", "gwRl1FidzA4-00017-00013656-00014256": "them at the same time. So I think it's best if you start by looking at the learning objectives", "gwRl1FidzA4-00018-00014256-00014847": "at the very beginning of the chapter. Most textbooks are set up to have learning objectives", "gwRl1FidzA4-00019-00014847-00015384": "right at the start there. Reviewing questions at the end of the chapter can also be helpful.", "gwRl1FidzA4-00020-00015496-00015912": "They might not always be present; we don't really have a review at the end of", "gwRl1FidzA4-00021-00015912-00016592": "our textbook chapters, but you certainly will find them in like, math textbooks, history textbooks...", "gwRl1FidzA4-00022-00016664-00017152": "things like that. So we're going to start with these learning objectives.", "gwRl1FidzA4-00023-00017584-00018168": "What I want you to do is to rephrase these learning objectives as a question,", "gwRl1FidzA4-00024-00018168-00018840": "alright? So I will walk you through some of these here. \"Articulate the ways in which time", "gwRl1FidzA4-00025-00018840-00019448": "management differs from high school to college.\" How can we rephrase that into a question?", "gwRl1FidzA4-00026-00019672-00020184": "What about: \"How is time management different in college than it was in high school?\"", "gwRl1FidzA4-00027-00020592-00021080": "And then the second one: \"Outline reasons and effects of procrastination,", "gwRl1FidzA4-00028-00021080-00021664": "and provide strategies to overcome it.\" Well this one, I can think of a few questions, actually.", "gwRl1FidzA4-00029-00021776-00022488": "\"Why do we procrastinate? What are the effects of procrastinating?\" and \"How can I avoid", "gwRl1FidzA4-00030-00022488-00022960": "procrastination?\" Alright, so you're going to be actually writing down these questions that", "gwRl1FidzA4-00031-00022960-00023504": "you form on a piece of paper and make it into a worksheet that you can work through as you", "gwRl1FidzA4-00032-00023504-00024264": "read the chapter, okay? So the next one: \"Describe ways to evaluate your own time management skills.\"", "gwRl1FidzA4-00033-00024400-00024840": "So obvious question for me is: \"How can I evaluate my time management skills?\"", "gwRl1FidzA4-00034-00024928-00025384": "I'm really just rephrasing this statement into a question, okay?", "gwRl1FidzA4-00035-00025632-00025983": "\"Discuss the importance and the process of prioritization.\"", "gwRl1FidzA4-00036-00026095-00026783": "So, \"Why is it important to prioritize?\" and, \"What is the best process for prioritizing?\"", "gwRl1FidzA4-00037-00027200-00027648": "Next one: \"Articulate the importance of goal setting and motivation.\"", "gwRl1FidzA4-00038-00027792-00028472": "\"Why is it important for me to set goals?\" and, \"Why is motivation important for college success?\"", "gwRl1FidzA4-00039-00028839-00029336": "And lastly: \"Detail strategies and specific tactics for managing your time.\"", "gwRl1FidzA4-00040-00029512-00029976": "So I'm thinking, well, \"What strategies am I using to manage my time?\" I should", "gwRl1FidzA4-00041-00029976-00030544": "probably figure that out first. And then, \"What tactics should I be using to manage my time?\"", "gwRl1FidzA4-00042-00030856-00031280": "Alright. So these are the ways that we can rephrase these questions,", "gwRl1FidzA4-00043-00031336-00032016": "uh, these learning objectives into a question. So now you have a worksheet with a bunch of questions", "gwRl1FidzA4-00044-00032016-00032648": "on it, right? I put a few of them on the left hand side here so once you have this worksheet,", "gwRl1FidzA4-00045-00032648-00033184": "you're ready to go. You're ready for the next step, which is to read. Use your questions as", "gwRl1FidzA4-00046-00033184-00033856": "a guide for where to start in this chapter. So you'll see with this first question: \"How is", "gwRl1FidzA4-00047-00033856-00034344": "time management different in college than it was in high school?\" You'll see that I actually went", "gwRl1FidzA4-00048-00034344-00035064": "straight to section 3.2 because it's titled \"Time Management in College.\" So I skipped section 3.1.", "gwRl1FidzA4-00049-00035064-00035768": "I, you know, I-I won't say I skipped it entirely. I did skim it first, right, but I didn't spend a", "gwRl1FidzA4-00050-00035768-00036400": "lot of time in it because I knew my first question wasn't going to come into play until section 3.2.", "gwRl1FidzA4-00051-00036472-00036896": "So that's where I wanted to really focus my time when I read in detail.", "gwRl1FidzA4-00052-00036984-00037600": "And what do you know there's a chart here which sticks out from my surveying, right? And it has", "gwRl1FidzA4-00053-00037600-00038216": "it listed out here K-12, which includes high school, and then college. It's comparing time", "gwRl1FidzA4-00054-00038216-00038840": "management differences right there for me, so now I have my answer to my first question, right?", "gwRl1FidzA4-00055-00039248-00039880": "Now the next question: \"Why do we procrastinate?\" Well, first thing I do is go to the header from my", "gwRl1FidzA4-00056-00039880-00040592": "surveying, right? And what do you know, there's a header that I found in section 3.3 that is titled", "gwRl1FidzA4-00057-00040592-00041360": "\"The Reasons behind Procrastination.\" And then the subheadings are pretty much my answer of why", "gwRl1FidzA4-00058-00041360-00042016": "we procrastinate: lack of energy, lack of focus, fear of failure. So that's my answer right there.", "gwRl1FidzA4-00059-00042072-00042696": "And I can read through these paragraphs because it gives me a little bit more detail of why those are", "gwRl1FidzA4-00060-00042696-00043336": "the reasons, right? So these are paragraphs that you want to read in their entirety, because these", "gwRl1FidzA4-00061-00043336-00043912": "are directly connected to the questions that you have created from the learning objectives.", "gwRl1FidzA4-00062-00044184-00044616": "And then the effects of procrastination is very similar, right? It has a", "gwRl1FidzA4-00063-00044616-00045088": "heading just like the last one, and then subheadings, which gives us our answer.", "gwRl1FidzA4-00064-00045216-00045848": "So we know, right, what we want to look at from there. What we want to focus on.", "gwRl1FidzA4-00065-00046096-00046584": "And then as we move through the rest of the worksheet, um, it's pretty similar.", "gwRl1FidzA4-00066-00046584-00047144": "\"How can I evaluate my time management skills?\" I went straight to section 3.4, because it was", "gwRl1FidzA4-00067-00047144-00047800": "titled \"How to Manage Time.\" And I started with the first sentence here because it was a big", "gwRl1FidzA4-00068-00047800-00048328": "chunk of text and it actually did give me my answer in that first sentence. \"The simplest", "gwRl1FidzA4-00069-00048328-00048896": "way to manage your time is to accurately plan for how much time it will take to do each task.\"", "gwRl1FidzA4-00070-00048968-00049528": "And then my eyes went straight down to the activity, right? And the activity is directly", "gwRl1FidzA4-00071-00049528-00050104": "connected to that first sentence. It's giving me a way to evaluate my time management skills.", "gwRl1FidzA4-00072-00050480-00050968": "Now step four. Now that we've gone through the reading, at this point you should have", "gwRl1FidzA4-00073-00050968-00051576": "completed your worksheet of questions. You should have answers to all of them now. Step four is to", "gwRl1FidzA4-00074-00051576-00052216": "recite. Now, it's possible that you won't do this right after you finish the reading, okay?", "gwRl1FidzA4-00075-00052320-00053072": "This step might happen over a few different days. Um, if you are reciting what you read to someone", "gwRl1FidzA4-00076-00053072-00053496": "else like a classmate, it might be something that you do a different day than when you read", "gwRl1FidzA4-00077-00053496-00054152": "the material. You might have a study group where you discuss this together. If you are doing it", "gwRl1FidzA4-00078-00054152-00054752": "right after you finish the readings, what would be helpful is to rephrase what you read in your own", "gwRl1FidzA4-00079-00054752-00055288": "words. Make sure that you don't just repeat the information, but that you can understand it enough", "gwRl1FidzA4-00080-00055288-00056016": "to rephrase it and say it to somebody else in your own words. And also reflect on what you read,", "gwRl1FidzA4-00081-00056096-00056655": "make connections to things you already knew about the topic before you started reading, and also", "gwRl1FidzA4-00082-00056655-00057128": "how this new information that you just learned can apply to your personal academic journey.", "gwRl1FidzA4-00083-00057296-00057816": "So this step is pretty much what we do for our weekly assignments in this class, right? Your", "gwRl1FidzA4-00084-00057816-00058567": "weekly assignments count as your notes for reading in this class. Depending on how you submit your", "gwRl1FidzA4-00085-00058567-00059000": "notes, watching this might make you feel like you need to do a little bit more for your notes,", "gwRl1FidzA4-00086-00059120-00059616": "right? So it kind of depends on what you turn in, but that's really what I'm asking for in", "gwRl1FidzA4-00087-00059616-00060144": "your weekly assignments, right? What were your key takeaways? What questions do you still have?", "gwRl1FidzA4-00088-00060264-00060576": "And how do you feel like you did when you went through that reading material?", "gwRl1FidzA4-00089-00060688-00061064": "This is reciting, essentially, what you read.", "gwRl1FidzA4-00090-00061416-00062176": "And step 5 is review. Review the notes you took at a later date. This would be a study time,", "gwRl1FidzA4-00091-00062176-00062744": "right? We're past the point of doing homework for reading. Now we're doing a study session. That's", "gwRl1FidzA4-00092-00062744-00063304": "when you will review the notes. You will ask questions to classmates and your instructor. That", "gwRl1FidzA4-00093-00063304-00063800": "can be especially helpful if there is anything you got hung up on or you were confused about.", "gwRl1FidzA4-00094-00063936-00064504": "And then try to apply what you learned in new ways. Don't just re-read your notes. Try to", "gwRl1FidzA4-00095-00064504-00065152": "come up with some new strategies for how you can connect with the material in a different way.", "gwRl1FidzA4-00096-00065312-00065648": "This step, we kind of try this out in our class each week,", "gwRl1FidzA4-00097-00065704-00066288": "right? We start class with a question and answer time, where you can ask any questions that you", "gwRl1FidzA4-00098-00066288-00066904": "wrote down from your weekly assignment. So the idea is that you would come to class with your", "gwRl1FidzA4-00099-00066904-00067464": "filled out notes, right? And if there were any questions you had, you can ask during class time.", "gwRl1FidzA4-00100-00067616-00068040": "And then you also have group discussions where you'll work with your classmates on a case", "gwRl1FidzA4-00101-00068040-00068888": "scenario, right? That is directly connected to the chapters for the week. And then we always end", "gwRl1FidzA4-00102-00068888-00069568": "class with an individual activity that is also based on the reading material. So this is, uh,", "gwRl1FidzA4-00103-00069568-00070104": "how I introduce you to applying what you learned in a different way than just reviewing your notes.", "gwRl1FidzA4-00104-00070104-00070552": "But it's still going over the same material that you should have had written down in your notes.", "gwRl1FidzA4-00105-00070936-00071560": "And that's all there is to it, folks! That is the SQ3R Method in its entirety. You should", "gwRl1FidzA4-00106-00071560-00071920": "now feel a little bit more prepared to go through the reading on your own.", "gwRl1FidzA4-00107-00072000-00072400": "Just remember the most important thing: to start with those learning objectives", "gwRl1FidzA4-00108-00072464-00072808": "and be willing to actually take the time to make yourself a worksheet.", "gwRl1FidzA4-00109-00072880-00073464": "If you're ever hung up on how to rephrase the learning objective into a question, feel free to", "gwRl1FidzA4-00110-00073464-00074288": "ask on the discussion board. I am happy to help as much as I can. Alright. Have a great week."}}, {"audio_id": "gwbgap8G4BY", "text": {"gwbgap8G4BY-00000-00000693-00000830": "Oh, oh, oh", "gwbgap8G4BY-00001-00000830-00000996": "Woah, oh, oh", "gwbgap8G4BY-00002-00000996-00001190": "Oh, oh, oh", "gwbgap8G4BY-00003-00001223-00001370": "Don't wanna sleep in", "gwbgap8G4BY-00004-00001370-00001540": "'Cause I got something to prove", "gwbgap8G4BY-00005-00001540-00001863": "I gotta take what I hate and finally make a move", "gwbgap8G4BY-00006-00001863-00002030": "I think of you and", "gwbgap8G4BY-00007-00002030-00002196": "All the shit you don't do", "gwbgap8G4BY-00008-00002196-00002560": "Well I'ma make hella sure that I don't become you, ha!", "gwbgap8G4BY-00009-00002560-00002853": "Have no regrets yeah I'll tat up my chest", "gwbgap8G4BY-00010-00002853-00003196": "I'll never forget what it's like to be in debt, been", "gwbgap8G4BY-00011-00003196-00003523": "Stabbed in the back bet I show you what happens", "gwbgap8G4BY-00012-00003523-00003876": "Pass me the mic and I'll show you with actions", "gwbgap8G4BY-00013-00003876-00004180": "I feel this pain you already know", "gwbgap8G4BY-00014-00004206-00004493": "Turn that to gains let my money show", "gwbgap8G4BY-00015-00004516-00004796": "I've got these things that I can't let go", "gwbgap8G4BY-00016-00004796-00005153": "Watch me turn this life into something that you could never own", "gwbgap8G4BY-00017-00005153-00005403": "I feel this pain you already know", "gwbgap8G4BY-00018-00005486-00005780": "Turn that to gains let my money show", "gwbgap8G4BY-00019-00005803-00006086": "I've got these things that I can't let go", "gwbgap8G4BY-00020-00006086-00006420": "Watch me turn this life into something that you could never own", "gwbgap8G4BY-00021-00006536-00006830": "So fight and fight and die", "gwbgap8G4BY-00022-00006830-00007156": "For the things you know you'll love", "gwbgap8G4BY-00023-00007156-00007463": "Do what you think is right", "gwbgap8G4BY-00024-00007463-00007803": "And see life do what you want", "gwbgap8G4BY-00025-00007803-00008116": "So fight and fight and die", "gwbgap8G4BY-00026-00008116-00008420": "For the things you know you'll love", "gwbgap8G4BY-00027-00008420-00008743": "Do what you think is right", "gwbgap8G4BY-00028-00008743-00009030": "And see life do what you want", "gwbgap8G4BY-00029-00009030-00009340": "So give me all the scars I'm a human being", "gwbgap8G4BY-00030-00009340-00009673": "Cover them with tattoos so you can't see", "gwbgap8G4BY-00031-00009673-00009935": "Knew it from that start you had problems with me", "gwbgap8G4BY-00032-00009935-00010123": "And the things I could be", "gwbgap8G4BY-00033-00010123-00010280": "I just wish I had seen", "gwbgap8G4BY-00034-00010280-00010576": "I feel this pain you already know", "gwbgap8G4BY-00035-00010597-00010882": "Turn that to gains let my money show", "gwbgap8G4BY-00036-00010913-00011181": "I've got these things that I can't let go", "gwbgap8G4BY-00037-00011181-00011526": "Watch me turn this life into something that you could never own", "gwbgap8G4BY-00038-00011533-00011846": "I feel this pain you already know", "gwbgap8G4BY-00039-00011880-00012166": "Turn that to gains let my money show", "gwbgap8G4BY-00040-00012206-00012476": "I've got these things that I can't let go", "gwbgap8G4BY-00041-00012476-00012886": "Watch me turn this life into something that you could never own", "gwbgap8G4BY-00042-00012919-00013223": "So fight and fight and die", "gwbgap8G4BY-00043-00013223-00013523": "For the things you know you'll love", "gwbgap8G4BY-00044-00013523-00013856": "Do what you think is right", "gwbgap8G4BY-00045-00013856-00014180": "And see life do what you want", "gwbgap8G4BY-00046-00014180-00014516": "So fight and fight and die", "gwbgap8G4BY-00047-00014516-00014819": "For the things you know you'll love", "gwbgap8G4BY-00048-00014819-00015133": "Do what you think is right", "gwbgap8G4BY-00049-00015133-00015446": "And see life do what you want"}}, {"audio_id": "gx4mCAeubXU", "text": {"gx4mCAeubXU-00000-00000003-00000543": "how to use Kartra to host courses hey are youthinking about putting a course online I", "gx4mCAeubXU-00001-00000543-00000858": "got to tell you Kartra's the way to go now I've used so", "gx4mCAeubXU-00002-00000858-00001217": "many of the different ones I've used kajabi and I've used Udemy in all", "gx4mCAeubXU-00003-00001217-00001604": "these different places and I got to tell you Kartra's it Kartra's it and I'm", "gx4mCAeubXU-00004-00001604-00001998": "gonna I'm gonna explain to you in this video why and I'm gonna show you how you", "gx4mCAeubXU-00005-00001998-00002360": "can use Kartra and save yourself a lot of money and make a ton of money and", "gx4mCAeubXU-00006-00002360-00002660": "also use it for other things and we're starting right now", "gx4mCAeubXU-00007-00002660-00003198": "hey I'm J.R. Fisher I've been selling online since 2009 and I've learned a few things", "gx4mCAeubXU-00008-00003198-00003515": "along the way we've sold millions of dollars of both digital and physical", "gx4mCAeubXU-00009-00003515-00003939": "products and on this channel all I do is I share with you the things that will", "gx4mCAeubXU-00010-00003939-00004355": "help you start run and grow your online business that's all we talk about online", "gx4mCAeubXU-00011-00004355-00004734": "businesses so I appreciate you being here if you haven't subscribed yet make", "gx4mCAeubXU-00012-00004734-00005114": "sure you do so there's a big button down there it's a button hit that button", "gx4mCAeubXU-00013-00005114-00005667": "that's meant to be it to subscribe and get the Bell notifications if you hit", "gx4mCAeubXU-00014-00005667-00006168": "the Bell notifications I can add you to the VIP family you want to turn on all", "gx4mCAeubXU-00015-00006168-00006465": "notifications when you hit that Bell and you'll know about these videos every", "gx4mCAeubXU-00016-00006465-00006884": "single time I do them I will notify or if I go live I go live once a week to", "gx4mCAeubXU-00017-00006884-00007268": "and you'll be notified about that I also have a $97 course I'm giving away", "gx4mCAeubXU-00018-00007268-00007740": "absolutely free for a limited time go down in the description click that link", "gx4mCAeubXU-00019-00007740-00008208": "and learn and you can get yourself a free course so let's talk about Kartra", "gx4mCAeubXU-00020-00008208-00008520": "and why it's so awesome for you and your business", "gx4mCAeubXU-00021-00008520-00008970": "now I got to tell you I've been through a lot of different email providers and", "gx4mCAeubXU-00022-00008970-00009339": "platforms and funnel makers and all that I've used stuff like click funnels and", "gx4mCAeubXU-00023-00009339-00009840": "I've used Constant Contact and oh my god so many of them I came to think of a", "gx4mCAeubXU-00024-00009840-00010475": "home right now Aweber I've used Infusionsoft and hands down one of the", "gx4mCAeubXU-00025-00010475-00010824": "best ones I've ever switched to was Clarke's right and I tell you one of the", "gx4mCAeubXU-00026-00010824-00011168": "big things I noticed about Kartra when I moved over to Kartra my email", "gx4mCAeubXU-00027-00011168-00011514": "deliverability was better and that can make you money right there I mean if", "gx4mCAeubXU-00028-00011514-00011928": "people don't see your emails then you can't make any money but I also saved", "gx4mCAeubXU-00029-00011928-00012417": "hundreds maybe thousands of dollars a month on the services that Kartra", "gx4mCAeubXU-00030-00012417-00012743": "provides because they're cheaper they cost less and they have a lot of these", "gx4mCAeubXU-00031-00012743-00013050": "things include I actually canceled eight pieces of", "gx4mCAeubXU-00032-00013050-00013491": "software when I got Kartra and pay less money a month so let's get into it", "gx4mCAeubXU-00033-00013491-00013911": "let me see how it works when I first got introduced to Kartra I got to tell you", "gx4mCAeubXU-00034-00013911-00014166": "was it love at first sight I mean I thought it was pretty cool", "gx4mCAeubXU-00035-00014166-00014556": "but I started to think about all the funnels and all the pages and all the", "gx4mCAeubXU-00036-00014556-00014955": "emails I had set up in Infusionsoft which I think they call it keep mail and", "gx4mCAeubXU-00037-00014955-00015354": "I thought oh my god it's gonna be a nightmare to move it but the point was", "gx4mCAeubXU-00038-00015354-00015828": "it was such a cheaper platform and it did so much more that I just couldn't", "gx4mCAeubXU-00039-00015828-00016302": "resist now I had some help but it took us six months to move everything over if", "gx4mCAeubXU-00040-00016302-00016671": "you're starting out you're very lucky you can jump in there build all yourself", "gx4mCAeubXU-00041-00016671-00016905": "in Kartra  you don't have to worry about moving it but I didn't move it and", "gx4mCAeubXU-00042-00016905-00017220": "that's the first obstacle I hear from people is oh my god I have so much stuff", "gx4mCAeubXU-00043-00017220-00017592": "I don't want to move it I know that and I know that's a lot of work but if it", "gx4mCAeubXU-00044-00017592-00018036": "could earn you another 20 or 30 or 40 or a hundred percent a month why wouldn't", "gx4mCAeubXU-00045-00018036-00018528": "you do that why wouldn't you move your stuff over take the time and effort and", "gx4mCAeubXU-00046-00018528-00018915": "move it I'm telling you it's well well worthy first off let's talk about what", "gx4mCAeubXU-00047-00018915-00019356": "Kartra is it's a platform that was created by Andy Jenkins and Mike", "gx4mCAeubXU-00048-00019356-00019674": "fils-aime and it's just an amazing platform I will", "gx4mCAeubXU-00049-00019674-00020151": "tell you that these guys have been in the digital marketing arena for years", "gx4mCAeubXU-00050-00020151-00020523": "and years and years they've had a lot of success Andy Jenkins has since passed", "gx4mCAeubXU-00051-00020523-00020925": "away his wife Sarah is now involved in running it and Mike went off and did", "gx4mCAeubXU-00052-00020925-00021345": "something else but I will tell you it was started by two guys who knew how to", "gx4mCAeubXU-00053-00021345-00021756": "market online and they knew what the online marketer needed now the approach", "gx4mCAeubXU-00054-00021756-00022338": "in Kartra is really different from any other platform because most platforms", "gx4mCAeubXU-00055-00022338-00022995": "out there are past related and in Kartra its goal related so we want", "gx4mCAeubXU-00056-00022995-00023334": "to hit a goal we're trying to do a particular thing for example we", "gx4mCAeubXU-00057-00023334-00023948": "typically see and do this opt in landing page tripwire page one time offer page", "gx4mCAeubXU-00058-00023948-00024537": "emails equal the gold okay now instead Kartra wants you to work from the goal", "gx4mCAeubXU-00059-00024537-00024824": "backwards so you're going to have the goal whatever", "gx4mCAeubXU-00060-00024824-00025139": "that is you're gonna have your emails and go to that goal you're gonna have", "gx4mCAeubXU-00061-00025139-00025625": "the one time offer page the trip wire page and then opt-in landing page so the", "gx4mCAeubXU-00062-00025625-00025910": "process is still the same people go through the same process but you have to", "gx4mCAeubXU-00063-00025910-00026345": "build it backwards okay in Kartra and don't let that scare you at first it did", "gx4mCAeubXU-00064-00026345-00026576": "scare me it was like I don't have the part to put in the female person", "gx4mCAeubXU-00065-00026576-00027050": "anywhere but you'll get it it's not that hard so let's look at the features first", "gx4mCAeubXU-00066-00027050-00027368": "that are inside card the first one is multi-dimensional sales", "gx4mCAeubXU-00067-00027368-00027727": "funnels and email marketing number two product shopping carts number three", "gx4mCAeubXU-00068-00027727-00028177": "opt-in marketing sales and landing pages number four help desk with live chat I", "gx4mCAeubXU-00069-00028177-00028511": "love it I got to tell you number five affiliate management member", "gx4mCAeubXU-00070-00028511-00028970": "six course of membership sites with multiple pricing tiers and number seven", "gx4mCAeubXU-00071-00028970-00029618": "video hosting with pre and post CTAs yeah let's not forget on top of that", "gx4mCAeubXU-00072-00029618-00030005": "Hartford has some pretty amazing analytics on every single part of your", "gx4mCAeubXU-00073-00030005-00030437": "funnel your emails your sales pages your membership sites so you can go in there", "gx4mCAeubXU-00074-00030437-00030767": "and actually see what's happening what's occurring now the first question most", "gx4mCAeubXU-00075-00030767-00031175": "people have is how much does it cost somebody says it cost in the description", "gx4mCAeubXU-00076-00031175-00031589": "below I'm gonna put a link and you can actually watch a video on how Kartra", "gx4mCAeubXU-00077-00031589-00032066": "works and if you're interested you can actually get a 14-day trial for $1 so", "gx4mCAeubXU-00078-00032066-00032474": "you can get in there play around see if you like it I know you will I promise", "gx4mCAeubXU-00079-00032474-00032798": "you Keith if you do this one dollar trial and you put a little work into it", "gx4mCAeubXU-00080-00032798-00033125": "you're never gonna want to leave it's just it's too much fun now up on the", "gx4mCAeubXU-00081-00033125-00033686": "screen I'll put the current pricing and that is subject to change $99 a month", "gx4mCAeubXU-00082-00033686-00034124": "for the starter and you get to twenty five hundred leaves one hundred ninety", "gx4mCAeubXU-00083-00034124-00034448": "nine for the silver you get twelve thousand five hundred leads and the gold", "gx4mCAeubXU-00084-00034448-00035027": "is $2.99 with twenty five thousand $4.99 450 thousand leads and $6.99 for a", "gx4mCAeubXU-00085-00035027-00035570": "hundred thousand Plus now these are four monthly plans I personally don't do a", "gx4mCAeubXU-00086-00035570-00036035": "monthly plan I pay one year in advance because I get a huge discount and you", "gx4mCAeubXU-00087-00036035-00036251": "can go to their site and you can look at that", "gx4mCAeubXU-00088-00036251-00036464": "but like I said I have a link below there and you can look at all the", "gx4mCAeubXU-00089-00036464-00036797": "pricing now I'm going to give you an example of some of the things that some", "gx4mCAeubXU-00090-00036797-00037229": "of you guys may be paying now if you had email management you may use convertkit", "gx4mCAeubXU-00091-00037229-00037496": "which is seven nine bucks a month member vault for", "gx4mCAeubXU-00092-00037496-00037967": "courses and membership is $49 a month deadlines funnel forever being timers", "gx4mCAeubXU-00093-00037967-00038624": "and finals $37 leadpages $37 a month Sam cart $199 a month for your payments", "gx4mCAeubXU-00094-00038624-00038996": "and affiliate program and zapier for connecting everything can be about $50 a", "gx4mCAeubXU-00095-00038996-00039368": "month so that comparison alone that's four hundred and fifty one dollars", "gx4mCAeubXU-00096-00039368-00039893": "versus a Kartra one at $149 a month so right off the bat you're gonna be saving", "gx4mCAeubXU-00097-00039893-00040313": "a ton of money and the cool thing is I like about Kartra I log into one", "gx4mCAeubXU-00098-00040313-00040787": "place I don't have to log in to click funnels and Infusionsoft and you know", "gx4mCAeubXU-00099-00040787-00041192": "all these other places that you have to go to take time so you have that time", "gx4mCAeubXU-00100-00041192-00041564": "savings there and that's really hard to put a value on because if you're an", "gx4mCAeubXU-00101-00041564-00041888": "internet marketer you could be worth five hundred or thousand five thousand", "gx4mCAeubXU-00102-00041888-00042206": "dollars an hour and if you're running around to all these sites and logging", "gx4mCAeubXU-00103-00042206-00042581": "into all these sites and having one site talk to another site you're wasting a", "gx4mCAeubXU-00104-00042581-00043070": "lot of time the question is you know not all software is perfect so it's part", "gx4mCAeubXU-00105-00043070-00043445": "four perfect I don't know if it's perfect but I can tell you this it's a", "gx4mCAeubXU-00106-00043445-00043754": "lot better than almost anything that's out there and it saved me a lot of time", "gx4mCAeubXU-00107-00043754-00044303": "and money now the one thing I especially like is the course management now the", "gx4mCAeubXU-00108-00044303-00044666": "first thing I'll tell you is it's not that fancy is set up you're gonna have", "gx4mCAeubXU-00109-00044666-00044969": "to use their templates in there and you're not gonna be able to design it", "gx4mCAeubXU-00110-00044969-00045233": "exactly the way you want within certain colors and all these other things", "gx4mCAeubXU-00111-00045233-00045599": "however I want you to keep something in mind when you're thinking about your", "gx4mCAeubXU-00112-00045599-00045923": "course design these guys have been around for a long time they know what", "gx4mCAeubXU-00113-00045923-00046385": "works in courses so they've done the templates for a course that is going to", "gx4mCAeubXU-00114-00046385-00046850": "work but they here's the second and most important thing people don't even see", "gx4mCAeubXU-00115-00046850-00047294": "the design of your course until they've already bought it so you know don't", "gx4mCAeubXU-00116-00047294-00047576": "overthink this then it's got to look a certain way and it's got to be this you", "gx4mCAeubXU-00117-00047576-00047966": "can put your logos in there you can put you know you're you know names of all", "gx4mCAeubXU-00118-00047966-00048365": "your modules and your sub modules all you can do all that that's all there may", "gx4mCAeubXU-00119-00048365-00048755": "be you won't be able to put as much text in there you want for a particular name", "gx4mCAeubXU-00120-00048755-00049202": "for a module but the point is they've already bought it so once you get to the", "gx4mCAeubXU-00121-00049202-00049589": "stage here guys you've already collected money these are just aesthetics and they", "gx4mCAeubXU-00122-00049589-00049967": "don't matter as much as you think they do if you were marketing your course", "gx4mCAeubXU-00123-00049967-00050403": "right now and you've got finals if you so marketer you've got some type of", "gx4mCAeubXU-00124-00050403-00050775": "funnel you're paying a lot of money to build a funnel somewhere and you're", "gx4mCAeubXU-00125-00050775-00051144": "probably paying down your membership somewhere now I know some sites", "gx4mCAeubXU-00126-00051144-00051491": "I had click funnels they have a membership area doesn't even compare to", "gx4mCAeubXU-00127-00051491-00051876": "Kartra it doesn't click funnels was a good program but the problem is they're", "gx4mCAeubXU-00128-00051876-00052217": "expensive you're paying a lot of money every single month and I didn't like the", "gx4mCAeubXU-00129-00052217-00052716": "reaction etics action NH was their email program and it didn't really tag people", "gx4mCAeubXU-00130-00052716-00053163": "to do the things that I wanted it to do the other thing I especially like about", "gx4mCAeubXU-00131-00053163-00053790": "Farah is the analytics once you've put a course inside Kartra you can run analytics", "gx4mCAeubXU-00132-00053790-00054329": "on how far people get on it and you can trigger emails to go out to people so if", "gx4mCAeubXU-00133-00054329-00054711": "somebody has logged into Kartra and they've gone through the first three", "gx4mCAeubXU-00134-00054711-00055047": "modules and they stop there and they haven't gone any further then you know", "gx4mCAeubXU-00135-00055047-00055391": "they're not tagged with the next modules you can send out an automated email to", "gx4mCAeubXU-00136-00055391-00055749": "them and say hey click here to you know get back to your course to get back to", "gx4mCAeubXU-00137-00055749-00056082": "the training and you know I see that you stopped here or what's even better is", "gx4mCAeubXU-00138-00056082-00056504": "you can send an email once they get to the end of the course and send them a", "gx4mCAeubXU-00139-00056504-00056925": "certificate of completion congratulate them and say hey since you've completed", "gx4mCAeubXU-00140-00056925-00057467": "this particular course we can give you a 50% discount for the next 72 hours on", "gx4mCAeubXU-00141-00057467-00057854": "this next course so you can actually lead them to one of your other courses", "gx4mCAeubXU-00142-00057854-00058161": "which is a really really cool idea matter of fact I've got to put a lot of", "gx4mCAeubXU-00143-00058161-00058430": "these things on my courses as I'm talking to you now and think gosh", "gx4mCAeubXU-00144-00058430-00058808": "there's a lot more stuff I could do but the thing is that gives you that", "gx4mCAeubXU-00145-00058808-00059250": "accessibility to do these things because you're actually hosting your videos in", "gx4mCAeubXU-00146-00059250-00059583": "there and since you're hosting those videos in there you know how far they've", "gx4mCAeubXU-00147-00059583-00060087": "gone if you're if you've got a course and your videos are posted at let's say", "gx4mCAeubXU-00148-00060087-00060498": "Vimeo or the YouTube or whatever you don't know how far into that video they", "gx4mCAeubXU-00149-00060498-00060789": "even watch you don't know where they're falling out if you know where they're", "gx4mCAeubXU-00150-00060789-00061194": "falling out when you host them inside of Para you can maybe make a change at that", "gx4mCAeubXU-00151-00061194-00061454": "point in your video maybe there's something here that's causing people to", "gx4mCAeubXU-00152-00061454-00061863": "leave that video at that time and you'll know exactly what that time is so you", "gx4mCAeubXU-00153-00061863-00062199": "can go in there and look at those videos and make those adjustments now I got to", "gx4mCAeubXU-00154-00062199-00062615": "tell you because of pricing because of the ease-of-use and I say ease of", "gx4mCAeubXU-00155-00062615-00062996": "youth in the beginning it was really difficult for me that's a really really", "gx4mCAeubXU-00156-00062996-00063347": "difficult I didn't quite understand it I didn't wrap my brain around I'm not real", "gx4mCAeubXU-00157-00063347-00063788": "technically oriented I'm more sales and marketing fortunately my wife is so she", "gx4mCAeubXU-00158-00063788-00064121": "could get in there and make a lot of those changes and do those things I", "gx4mCAeubXU-00159-00064121-00064583": "needed and I could spend that time on marketing my courses I could spend that", "gx4mCAeubXU-00160-00064583-00065033": "time on making more courses but once you get in there and you learn it it's gonna", "gx4mCAeubXU-00161-00065033-00065237": "be like second nature to you I tell you will", "gx4mCAeubXU-00162-00065237-00065606": "don't quit just get in there as a matter of fact if you get in there you do have", "gx4mCAeubXU-00163-00065606-00066044": "questions in the comment section down here below put your comments there if", "gx4mCAeubXU-00164-00066044-00066341": "you have questions about it you need help on it we're here to help you okay", "gx4mCAeubXU-00165-00066341-00066701": "that's what this channel is all about is to help you grow your business I love", "gx4mCAeubXU-00166-00066701-00067151": "helping people grow or like businesses I love the idea of somebody saying hey you", "gx4mCAeubXU-00167-00067151-00067493": "know I made some money online I was able to quit my job you know if you can quit", "gx4mCAeubXU-00168-00067493-00067916": "your job if we can give you that freedom to do that that would be awesome I would", "gx4mCAeubXU-00169-00067916-00068324": "love that so you know Kartra could be one of those things it can help you get", "gx4mCAeubXU-00170-00068324-00068596": "there so don't forget to put those comments below don't forget to subscribe", "gx4mCAeubXU-00171-00068596-00069083": "also there's a big subscribe button there and next to it there's a bow I've", "gx4mCAeubXU-00172-00069083-00069449": "got a ring that they'll turn on all notifications so you can become part of", "gx4mCAeubXU-00173-00069449-00069968": "the Fisher family the VIP group so I can notify you every single time I do a new", "gx4mCAeubXU-00174-00069968-00070544": "video now don't forget I've got a $97 course it's in the description below and", "gx4mCAeubXU-00175-00070544-00070931": "it's absolutely free to you because you watch this video all you can just click", "gx4mCAeubXU-00176-00070931-00071450": "and learn no credit card required I really appreciate you watching this", "gx4mCAeubXU-00177-00071450-00071780": "video and if you got something out of it share it with a friend make sure you", "gx4mCAeubXU-00178-00071780-00072059": "give me a thumbs up down there click that thumbs up button I would really", "gx4mCAeubXU-00179-00072059-00072326": "appreciate it I have another video I'd like for you to", "gx4mCAeubXU-00180-00072326-00072641": "watch I'm sticking it on the screen right now check it out I think it could", "gx4mCAeubXU-00181-00072641-00073037": "help you out and further your training I really appreciate you watching and I'll", "gx4mCAeubXU-00182-00073037-00073489": "see you in the next video hey thanks for watching my video don't", "gx4mCAeubXU-00183-00073489-00074179": "forget to subscribe to my channel and like this we notified every time I do a", "gx4mCAeubXU-00184-00074179-00074802": "new video also click on one of the videos they're watchin Almighty"}}, {"audio_id": "gx4IJ4ULaOE", "text": {"gx4IJ4ULaOE-00000-00000015-00000098": "- Go.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00001-00000426-00000525": "Welcome, everyone.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00002-00000681-00000933": "Welcome to the GLAC Research Roundup,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00003-00000933-00001266": "summarizing Great Lakes aquaculture research findings.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00004-00001266-00001398": "My name is Nicole Wright,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00005-00001398-00001668": "Ohio Sea Grant's aquaculture specialist.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00006-00001668-00001947": "Ohio Sea Grant is one of 34 programs", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00007-00001947-00002205": "located in coastal and Great Lake states,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00008-00002205-00002442": "each a federal-university partnership.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00009-00003192-00003357": "This webinar is presented by", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00010-00003357-00003573": "the Great Lakes Aquaculture Collaborative.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00011-00003726-00004014": "We are a network of eight Great Lakes Sea Grant programs", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00012-00004014-00004269": "working towards providing science-based", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00013-00004269-00004473": "information and activities that support", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00014-00004473-00004851": "an environmentally responsible, competitive, and sustainable", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00015-00004851-00005172": "aquaculture industry in the Great Lakes region.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00016-00005172-00005376": "As a collaborative, our work in research,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00017-00005376-00005568": "education, and outreach to meet our goal", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00018-00005568-00005877": "is guided by state and regional advisory groups", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00019-00005877-00006285": "made up of industry, academic, and regulatory members.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00020-00006285-00006492": "Please visit our website seen here", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00021-00006492-00006624": "to find more details.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00022-00006708-00006900": "Today, you can use the chat throughout the meeting", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00023-00006900-00007188": "to ask questions or make comments for the greater good.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00024-00007188-00007494": "We'll use the last 10 minutes of the hour for this Q&A.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00025-00007605-00007823": "Finally, this webinar is being recorded", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00026-00007823-00008094": "and will be posted on the Ohio Sea Grant YouTube page", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00027-00008094-00008313": "and accessible through the GLAC website.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00028-00008931-00009093": "Finally, before we get started,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00029-00009093-00009240": "I want to introduce you to", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00030-00009240-00009510": "the Great Lakes Fresh Fish Finder,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00031-00009510-00009894": "a web platform built to connect", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00032-00009894-00010167": "consumers and fish producers and harvesters", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00033-00010167-00010314": "in the Great Lakes region.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00034-00010419-00010647": "Each business has a webpage", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00035-00010647-00010818": "where you can learn about what they're selling,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00036-00010818-00011046": "where they're selling it, how they're selling it,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00037-00011046-00011439": "and their business profile.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00038-00011721-00011928": "Today, we have three speakers", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00039-00011928-00012162": "speaking on a number of research topics.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00040-00012162-00012258": "To get us started,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00041-00012258-00012483": "we'll have Stuart Carlton,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00042-00012483-00012891": "and then we'll hand it off to Trey Malone and Max Melmstrom.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00043-00012891-00013224": "So Stuart, I will hand it over to you now.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00044-00013596-00013679": "- Great, thanks for that.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00045-00013679-00014022": "Let me hit the button and hopefully it will start sharing.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00046-00014022-00014136": "All I have to do is find the right thing.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00047-00014136-00014622": "Okay, this should be right.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00048-00014709-00014853": "Okay.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00049-00014853-00015001": "Thank you so much, everybody, for joining in.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00050-00015001-00015180": "So I'm gonna be talking about barriers to growth", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00051-00015180-00015384": "among aquaculture producers in the Midwest.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00052-00015384-00015558": "And this is work that I did with Haley Hartenstine,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00053-00015558-00015729": "who is a master's student.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00054-00015729-00015813": "She did the grunt work.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00055-00015813-00015951": "I get to come in and take the glory", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00056-00015951-00016215": "during the big presentation,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00057-00016215-00016392": "which is always the funnest part.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00058-00016392-00016521": "And, but I wanna acknowledge", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00059-00016521-00016680": "all the hard work that she did.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00060-00016680-00016824": "And while I'm busy acknowledging stuff,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00061-00016824-00017040": "if you're gonna acknowledge,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00062-00017040-00017181": "you might as well have logos, and thanks,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00063-00017181-00017264": "and stuff like that.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00064-00017264-00017541": "So there are the logos, there are the thanks.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00065-00017541-00017624": "My lab group is called", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00066-00017624-00017793": "the Coastal and Great Lake Social Science Lab,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00067-00017793-00017883": "and that's part of the work that I do", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00068-00017883-00018006": "at Illinois-Indiana Sea Grant,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00069-00018006-00018372": "who is my primary employer at Purdue University.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00070-00018372-00018483": "And this project was funded by", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00071-00018483-00018657": "the Great Lakes Aquaculture Collaborative work,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00072-00018657-00018831": "which is funded by NOAA and National Sea Grant.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00073-00018831-00018942": "And also, part of it was funded by", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00074-00018942-00019293": "the North Central Regional Aquaculture Center, NCRAC,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00075-00019293-00019500": "who've been very great partners to us", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00076-00019500-00019695": "and many people throughout the region.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00077-00019887-00019971": "Right, let's see.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00078-00019971-00020118": "So let me start by setting expectations.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00079-00020118-00020223": "Now the thing is,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00080-00020223-00020604": "is that I can't sit there and listen to myself talk", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00081-00020604-00020754": "for like 20 minutes uninterrupted,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00082-00020754-00020961": "and I imagine you can't do the same either.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00083-00020961-00021180": "If you can, then bully for you.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00084-00021180-00021309": "But, so what I'm gonna do is,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00085-00021309-00021399": "I will take some breaks.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00086-00021399-00021630": "Now, I think your audio is turned off,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00087-00021630-00021909": "but I'll probably ask for some items in the chat.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00088-00021909-00022095": "And so, there's gonna be a time or two", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00089-00022095-00022284": "where I'm gonna ask you to spit some stuff into the chat", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00090-00022284-00022425": "to try to be a little bit interactive,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00091-00022425-00022650": "because listening to me yammer on", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00092-00022650-00022887": "is nobody's idea of a good time, including my own.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00093-00022887-00023133": "So I just wanted to set that expectation going forward,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00094-00023133-00023259": "so that we're all on the same page.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00095-00023259-00023505": "Oh yeah, I even set up this whole thing.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00096-00023505-00023673": "I'm not gonna be yelling through a megaphone too much,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00097-00023673-00023802": "there'll be a little bit of that.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00098-00023802-00024069": "But sometimes, the little red line and slash", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00099-00024069-00024195": "will come in and burn up the megaphone,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00100-00024195-00024372": "and I'll ask you for some input,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00101-00024372-00024510": "'cause it's better for having a dialogue, right?", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00102-00024510-00024606": "Look how happy these kids are.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00103-00024606-00024792": "They're talking to each other.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00104-00024792-00024957": "It's a two way street.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00105-00024957-00025044": "And so, that's good.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00106-00025044-00025203": "So I'm gonna start by talking about aquaculture,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00107-00025203-00025557": "the Midwest, and the US North Central region.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00108-00025557-00025824": "So the US, first of all, consumes a lot of seafood.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00109-00025824-00026027": "It's a common idea that the US", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00110-00026027-00026193": "doesn't consume a lot of seafood, but they do.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00111-00026193-00026397": "It's second globally behind only China.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00112-00026397-00026708": "So that's quite a lot of seafood.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00113-00026708-00026949": "But a lot of this is imported, right?", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00114-00026949-00027126": "Imported, wild caught seafood,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00115-00027126-00027435": "imported farm seafood, potentially, as well.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00116-00027435-00027770": "And so, in fact, so much is imported", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00117-00027770-00027942": "that we have a really significant trade deficit.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00118-00027942-00028110": "Let me grow this graph up just a little bit", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00119-00028110-00028230": "so you can see it.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00120-00028230-00028502": "This is our US seafood trade deficit,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00121-00028502-00028701": "and on the Y axis, if you can see that,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00122-00028701-00028941": "we have the import to export ratio.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00123-00028941-00029205": "So numbers above one mean that we're exporting,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00124-00029205-00029469": "or we're importing, excuse me, more than we're exporting.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00125-00029469-00029637": "Numbers that are below one,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00126-00029637-00029811": "which are not featured on this graph,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00127-00029811-00029997": "means that we're importing,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00128-00029997-00030170": "or that we're exporting, pardon me,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00129-00030170-00030435": "we're importing less than we're exporting,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00130-00030435-00030533": "so we're a net exporter.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00131-00030533-00030747": "So we are a net importer of seafood by quite a lot.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00132-00030747-00030936": "The green line is in dollar value,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00133-00030936-00031202": "and the purple line is in weight,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00134-00031202-00031395": "and then, only been increasing in recent years.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00135-00031395-00031497": "Now, this is all pre-Covid.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00136-00031497-00031764": "I'd be interested in knowing how that changed with Covid", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00137-00031764-00031883": "if it has at all.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00138-00031883-00032097": "But the trade deficit is actually growing.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00139-00032097-00032331": "So this is why this is an interesting issue.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00140-00032475-00032610": "And that's for all edible seafood.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00141-00032610-00032781": "But one idea that is out there is,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00142-00032781-00032940": "maybe we can use our aquaculture", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00143-00032940-00033159": "to try to change this trade deficit,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00144-00033159-00033246": "try to, you know,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00145-00033246-00033627": "have more locally, or food grown in the United States,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00146-00033627-00033828": "and have it done in a way that's really sustainable.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00147-00033828-00034014": "Is aquaculture the solution for that?", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00148-00034014-00034348": "And more specifically, aquaculture in this region, right?", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00149-00034348-00034491": "(laughs) In the Midwest.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00150-00034491-00034767": "Now, the focus of the Great Lakes Aquaculture Collaborative", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00151-00034767-00034875": "is those Great Lakes states,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00152-00034875-00034998": "where they have Sea Grant programs, right?", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00153-00034998-00035472": "Ohio, Michigan, Illinois, Indiana, Wisconsin, and Minnesota.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00154-00035472-00035637": "And then, over on the other side,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00155-00035637-00035856": "New York, Pennsylvania, Vermont,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00156-00035856-00036006": "even though they're not right on a great lake,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00157-00036006-00036249": "they're on a very good lake in Lake Champlain.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00158-00036249-00036450": "And so, that's been a lot of the focus there.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00159-00036450-00036549": "I don't think I forgot anybody.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00160-00036549-00036822": "If I forgot your Sea Grant program, I apologize.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00161-00036930-00037071": "And the reason it's such an interesting area is,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00162-00037071-00037254": "we got 22% of the population, right,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00163-00037254-00037485": "if you look at the orange slice of that pie on the left,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00164-00037485-00037611": "in the Midwest.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00165-00037611-00037779": "But we have a third of the farms,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00166-00037779-00037947": "so there's a lot of the farms, right?", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00167-00037947-00038162": "And we have a third of the farms in the US,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00168-00038250-00038640": "but on top of that, we have only 16% of the food fish farms.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00169-00038640-00039054": "So aquaculture is not a big part of that,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00170-00039054-00039252": "or, we're underrepresented in aquaculture,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00171-00039252-00039441": "I would say, relative to the amount of farm land.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00172-00039441-00039636": "And a lot of that is because of shellfish aquaculture", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00173-00039636-00039738": "in the coastal areas.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00174-00039738-00039936": "But still, we're not pulling our weight", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00175-00039936-00040149": "in the Midwest, nationally,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00176-00040149-00040302": "when you think about the number of farms we have", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00177-00040302-00040482": "versus the number of food fish farms we have.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00178-00040482-00040725": "But then even worse, look at sales.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00179-00040725-00040890": "We have 16% of the food fish farms,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00180-00040890-00041390": "but only about 1%, 1.5%, of the food fish sales.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00181-00041397-00041604": "So we're really not pulling our weight there, right?", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00182-00041604-00041805": "There's this huge gap between", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00183-00041805-00042117": "the farming culture in this area and the fish farming.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00184-00042209-00042292": "Or, not so much culture,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00185-00042292-00042468": "the farming industry in this area,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00186-00042468-00042720": "and then the, specifically, the fish farming industry", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00187-00042720-00042984": "in this area, which is smaller than we would expect,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00188-00042984-00043320": "and a smaller portion of the sales we would expect.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00189-00043320-00043431": "So looking at all these together,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00190-00043431-00043641": "you can see those orange slices, right?", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00191-00043641-00043986": "We got 22% of the population, but a third of the farms,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00192-00043986-00044280": "but only 16% of the food fish farms,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00193-00044280-00044502": "and only 1% of the sales.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00194-00044502-00044646": "So this idea that like,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00195-00044733-00044883": "oh, and then, it is reflected", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00196-00044883-00045021": "when you look at the data too, right?", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00197-00045021-00045414": "So this is a graph showing the food fish farms over time,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00198-00045414-00045705": "and it's been shrinking, or really, steady to shrinking,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00199-00045705-00045840": "throughout the Midwest.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00200-00045840-00046053": "This is the US, yeah,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00201-00046053-00046368": "this is the north, USDA North Central region,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00202-00046368-00046545": "and it doesn't include the Great Lakes,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00203-00046545-00046731": "the other Great Lake states, but it's the same.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00204-00046731-00046905": "And you look at it, we can grow it up,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00205-00046905-00047109": "and it's pretty much flat to down", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00206-00047109-00047340": "in almost every state since 2000.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00207-00047340-00047655": "And so, that is suboptimal.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00208-00047853-00048036": "And then, same thing with sales.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00209-00048036-00048180": "If you look at sales, right?", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00210-00048180-00048528": "Sales are, these are in constant 2018 dollars,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00211-00048528-00048654": "thousands of dollars.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00212-00048654-00048795": "We don't have any data from North Dakota,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00213-00048795-00048894": "because they didn't report it.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00214-00048894-00049215": "This was from the USDA Census of Aquaculture,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00215-00049215-00049350": "which Amy Shambach, who works for us,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00216-00049350-00049677": "tells me is not the perfect source of data,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00217-00049677-00050001": "but it's the best source of data we have on this stuff.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00218-00050001-00050343": "And so, we have no data from North Dakota", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00219-00050343-00050523": "and minimal for South Dakota, but, you know,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00220-00050523-00050763": "it's been flat, maybe up a little bit in a few states,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00221-00050763-00050952": "but this is not a booming market, right?", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00222-00050952-00051172": "And Max or Trey can tell you that", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00223-00051172-00051329": "I maybe didn't make all these adjustments right,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00224-00051329-00051413": "and that's fine,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00225-00051413-00051648": "but we're trying to go for what's broadly true.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00226-00051648-00051842": "So this idea of Midwest aquaculture", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00227-00051842-00052026": "as a solution to our trade deficit", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00228-00052026-00052292": "for filling all our needs related to seafood,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00229-00052292-00052446": "that also gets one of these little circles,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00230-00052446-00052611": "and it's just not been happening", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00231-00052611-00052827": "for a number of reasons, we think.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00232-00052827-00053277": "And, but we wanted to really delve into that and ask why,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00233-00053277-00053463": "why is that not happening?", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00234-00053567-00053673": "And we wanted to focus on", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00235-00053673-00053964": "a specific question within there, right?", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00236-00053964-00054051": "'Cause when you're doing research,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00237-00054051-00054266": "you take a big question and you break it down", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00238-00054266-00054455": "into subsequently smaller questions.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00239-00054455-00054539": "And so, we wanna know,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00240-00054539-00054816": "why are, or are not, producers in this area", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00241-00054816-00054899": "expanding their business?", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00242-00054899-00055086": "And so, we thought we'd ask 'em, right?", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00243-00055086-00055263": "And so, we went back and asked producers,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00244-00055263-00055371": "now the producers we talked to", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00245-00055371-00055516": "are in the Great Lake states,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00246-00055611-00055694": "about this.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00247-00055694-00055778": "But before I get into the details,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00248-00055778-00056003": "I want to get into the theory a little bit, all right?", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00249-00056003-00056169": "And this is the first time", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00250-00056169-00056451": "I'm gonna ask you for just a little bit of information.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00251-00056451-00056664": "If you could tell me, in the chat box,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00252-00056814-00057027": "give me one of three answers.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00253-00057027-00057240": "Are you, well, are you a producer?", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00254-00057240-00057534": "Are you a researcher, are you something else?", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00255-00057534-00057933": "Describe your relationship to aquaculture in, like, a word.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00256-00057933-00058119": "If you could do that in the chat box, that would be great.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00257-00058119-00058263": "If I were more organized,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00258-00058263-00058458": "I, of course, could have set up", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00259-00058458-00058629": "one of those little online polls.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00260-00058629-00058938": "But that's not the level of organization I have.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00261-00058938-00059109": "So I'm seeing project managers, extension,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00262-00059109-00059298": "communicators, outreach.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00263-00059298-00059412": "Yes, thank you, everybody.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00264-00059412-00059567": "Research, more extension.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00265-00059567-00059751": "Amy Schrank, hello.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00266-00059751-00059898": "Insurance government agency, ooh,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00267-00059898-00059981": "we have something to say about that", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00268-00059981-00060167": "in a little while, Benjamin.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00269-00060167-00060264": "Lots of researchers there.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00270-00060264-00060414": "Okay, thank you, those who have responded.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00271-00060414-00060570": "There's a producer, hi, Bill.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00272-00060570-00060759": "A consultant, thank you, Fritz.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00273-00060759-00060945": "Okay, fantastic.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00274-00060945-00061091": "I'm loving seeing all this coming through,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00275-00061091-00061347": "and it's helping me get a vibe for who the audience is.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00276-00061347-00061605": "All right, fantastic.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00277-00061839-00062034": "So, alright, let's go into theoretical background.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00278-00062034-00062117": "So what I'm not seeing", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00279-00062117-00062298": "is a lot of people who are social science researchers,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00280-00062298-00062529": "so I will go into a little more detail here.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00281-00062529-00062804": "We're gonna talk about the Theory of Planned Behavior.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00282-00062804-00062928": "And what this is,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00283-00062928-00063165": "is a really classic social science theory", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00284-00063165-00063355": "on why people behave the way they do.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00285-00063355-00063522": "This's one that's just been used ton,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00286-00063522-00063735": "a lot in health, but a lot in natural resources", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00287-00063735-00063917": "and things like that, too.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00288-00063917-00064053": "It's not super cutting-edge,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00289-00064053-00064332": "but it's really steady and been really well tested.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00290-00064332-00064545": "But first, I will make a dated reference", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00291-00064545-00064746": "to a television show that predates", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00292-00064746-00064904": "probably many of your lives, and say,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00293-00064904-00065127": "now it's time for something completely different.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00294-00065127-00065211": "And the different thing is this,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00295-00065211-00065562": "I want a two-minute activity, if that.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00296-00065562-00065775": "I want you to think to yourself,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00297-00065775-00066024": "why are you attending this webinar?", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00298-00066024-00066144": "I would like to know the answer.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00299-00066144-00066285": "Take a second to jot and it down,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00300-00066285-00066450": "think through one or two reasons,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00301-00066552-00066717": "and then, after you've written it on your piece of paper,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00302-00066717-00066855": "which I'm gonna do too,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00303-00066855-00067046": "go ahead and paste it in the chat.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00304-00067046-00067181": "Go ahead and paste it in the chat.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00305-00069384-00069588": "IACUC Don is wondering what I'm doing.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00306-00069588-00069687": "I hear that, Don.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00307-00069687-00069891": "All right, Jose from NOAA is,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00308-00069891-00070080": "NMFS, actually, \"attending for knowledge.\"", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00309-00070080-00070260": "Geneva wants to improve our outreach.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00310-00070260-00070617": "\"Wants to know about aquaculture,\" fantastic.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00311-00070617-00070872": "\"Research results,\" \"I'm going into the industry.\"", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00312-00070872-00071022": "So a lot of people are coming because they think", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00313-00071022-00071259": "they're gonna gain something from it, right?", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00314-00071259-00071342": "That's what I'm hearing.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00315-00071342-00071490": "\"Keep up on aquaculture information.\"", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00316-00071490-00071601": "Why do you wanna do that, Lindsay?", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00317-00071601-00071861": "Why do you wanna keep up on aquaculture information?", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00318-00071952-00072144": "You don't have to answer, but I'm guessing the reason is", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00319-00072144-00072306": "because it helps you in your business", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00320-00072306-00072486": "or it's something you feel like you should do.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00321-00072486-00072675": "Somebody wants to learn about what's being done elsewhere.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00322-00072675-00072894": "This is great, I'm loving to see this.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00323-00072894-00073112": "\"Understand the current landscape.\"", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00324-00073299-00073398": "Great, all this is good.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00325-00073398-00073536": "And I'll throw in a couple reasons that I have", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00326-00073536-00073659": "for why I'm doing this, too.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00327-00073659-00073896": "\"It's a passion,\" perfect. (laughs)", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00328-00073896-00074037": "We love people who are passionate.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00329-00074037-00074250": "The reason, I tell you, the number one, not even joking,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00330-00074250-00074355": "the reason I'm doing this is 'cause", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00331-00074355-00074490": "Nicole asked me to do it, right?", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00332-00074490-00074766": "She said, \"Stuart, can you,\" and sure, absolutely.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00333-00074766-00074892": "I also think, as a researcher,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00334-00074892-00075078": "I think it's important to share our research.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00335-00075078-00075396": "I think that research is best when used, right?", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00336-00075396-00075504": "Or at least the research I do.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00337-00075504-00075735": "I think that, you know, sort of groundwork-type research,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00338-00075735-00075903": "or theoretical research is important,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00339-00075903-00076134": "but the type of work I do is best when used.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00340-00076134-00076266": "So I'm hearing a lot of different reasons", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00341-00076266-00076374": "related to people thinking", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00342-00076374-00076614": "they're gonna get something good out of it.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00343-00076614-00076830": "Me, I'm trying to fulfill an obligation.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00344-00076830-00076965": "So all of these are different reasons", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00345-00076965-00077145": "why you might choose to do something.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00346-00077145-00077289": "So now, let's go in,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00347-00077289-00077400": "yep, I just did that.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00348-00077400-00077483": "Okay, great.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00349-00077682-00077826": "Let's go back to the Theory of Planned Behavior.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00350-00077826-00078009": "And I want you to think about the different reasons,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00351-00078009-00078147": "and then think about maybe some reasons", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00352-00078147-00078237": "that you didn't mention", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00353-00078237-00078414": "that might fit into this model.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00354-00078414-00078549": "So I'm gonna show you the model here,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00355-00078549-00078717": "but that's too small, so let's get it big.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00356-00078717-00078906": "And we're gonna take it one bit at a time.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00357-00078906-00079074": "So we're gonna start with the behavior, right?", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00358-00079074-00079323": "This is what we're talking about, is a behavior.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00359-00079512-00079797": "And now we can't, usually, when we're surveying people,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00360-00079797-00079950": "we don't actually tend to ask,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00361-00079950-00080109": "we can't survey them about their behaviors.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00362-00080109-00080268": "We can survey them about the behaviors", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00363-00080268-00080424": "that they intend to do, right?", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00364-00080424-00080559": "So when we, or when we do an interview", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00365-00080559-00080642": "or something like that,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00366-00080642-00080826": "so we ask people about their behavioral intention.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00367-00080826-00081192": "Do you intend to do this behavior or that behavior?", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00368-00081192-00081435": "And so, for example, when Nicole asked me", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00369-00081435-00081585": "if I was gonna be on this webinar,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00370-00081585-00081831": "I said, \"Yeah, I intend to be on that webinar,\" right?", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00371-00081831-00081942": "And there are a few reasons why", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00372-00081942-00082254": "I might intend to be present at the webinar,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00373-00082254-00082446": "and those are broken down here.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00374-00082446-00082578": "And the first one, whoops,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00375-00082578-00082680": "go back, Stuart.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00376-00082680-00082763": "All right.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00377-00082875-00083130": "The first one is this, attitudes towards the behavior.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00378-00083130-00083256": "My attitude is that,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00379-00083256-00083487": "that's, you know, I perceive that if I do this behavior,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00380-00083487-00083727": "if I present on the webinar, it'll be good for me.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00381-00083727-00084045": "I'll enjoy doing it, 'cause I love talking to people.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00382-00084045-00084321": "I think that it is good to share your research.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00383-00084321-00084486": "I think that other people will learn from this.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00384-00084486-00084972": "I think it will make a difference in the market, right?", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00385-00084972-00085278": "It's that getting this info out there is important.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00386-00085278-00085443": "But there's also subjective norms.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00387-00085443-00085527": "We'll just group those.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00388-00085527-00085632": "And that is,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00389-00085632-00085845": "I think that researchers should share their research.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00390-00085845-00086064": "That's what other people tell you they should do, right?", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00391-00086064-00086184": "I think it's something that you should do.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00392-00086184-00086472": "I'm part of this team, my team members expect me to do it.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00393-00086472-00086730": "And then perceived behavioral control is the idea of, like,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00394-00086730-00086919": "do you have any control over that behavior?", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00395-00086919-00087006": "And I feel like I can.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00396-00087006-00087228": "I know how to present research, I know what the results are,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00397-00087228-00087381": "even though Haley did a lot of the work.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00398-00087381-00087552": "And so, I feel like I have a high level", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00399-00087552-00087753": "of perceived behavioral control.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00400-00087753-00087894": "And then all these other things on the left", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00401-00087894-00088047": "are antecedents to all of that,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00402-00088047-00088185": "but we're not gonna get into that,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00403-00088185-00088437": "because that's too nerdy for what we're doing right now.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00404-00088437-00088520": "All right,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00405-00088608-00088740": "so here's our goal.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00406-00088740-00088890": "Thinking about the Theory of Planned Behavior,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00407-00088890-00089064": "we wanted to identify barriers to growth,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00408-00089064-00089271": "based on this theory,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00409-00089271-00089514": "in the Great Lakes, from the perspectives of the producers.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00410-00089514-00089682": "And so what we did was, we interviewed them, right?", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00411-00089682-00089827": "This is qualitative research.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00412-00089943-00090159": "And so, what we did is, this is not,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00413-00090159-00090276": "we're not trying to generalize,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00414-00090276-00090480": "although we spoke to a good chunk of the producers", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00415-00090480-00090645": "in some of these states, so you could generalize,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00416-00090645-00090768": "but we're trying to hear their story.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00417-00090768-00090894": "That's the point of this research,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00418-00090894-00091179": "is trying to understand people's stories.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00419-00091179-00091316": "So that's what we did.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00420-00091316-00091431": "All right, so we did,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00421-00091431-00091545": "I actually haven't added this up yet.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00422-00091545-00091932": "5, 10, 15 plus 16 is 34.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00423-00091932-00092178": "34 interviews in these Great Lakes states,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00424-00092178-00092448": "So it's not the NCRAC region, but this is the GLAC region.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00425-00092448-00092589": "And in some of these states,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00426-00092589-00092733": "these are all the people we could get to talk to us.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00427-00092733-00092862": "We had a lot of trouble in Pennsylvania.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00428-00092862-00093039": "Sean, who's on the call, I think,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00429-00093039-00093213": "did a nice job of connecting those folks.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00430-00093213-00093537": "But some of these industries are very, very small.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00431-00093537-00093657": "And we interviewed them.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00432-00093657-00093897": "This was during Covid, so we did it virtually,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00433-00093897-00094146": "which means we saved some travel money, so that was cool.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00434-00094146-00094365": "Zoom or a phone call, half hour to an hour.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00435-00094365-00094524": "We recorded 'em, we anonymized them,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00436-00094524-00094608": "and stored them securely.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00437-00094608-00094713": "And the reason I mentioned all this", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00438-00094713-00094878": "is this was covered by the IRB,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00439-00094878-00095022": "and research ethics are really important,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00440-00095022-00095259": "and we followed best practices for that.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00441-00095259-00095472": "We're gonna take these one at a time, right?", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00442-00095472-00095754": "We're gonna talk about attitudes, and then norms,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00443-00095754-00095940": "and then perceived behavioral control.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00444-00095940-00096153": "So as a reminder, what are attitudes?", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00445-00096306-00096510": "Attitudes can be favorable or unfavorable, right?", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00446-00096510-00096593": "Towards something.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00447-00096593-00096744": "So we ask people about their attitudes towards", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00448-00096744-00096828": "expanding their businesses.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00449-00096828-00096987": "Is that something they favor doing?", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00450-00096987-00097218": "Is that something they don't favor doing?", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00451-00097218-00097305": "Your attitudes are, you know,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00452-00097305-00097422": "your perceptions about what's true.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00453-00097422-00097647": "Is expanding business easy or hard, why?", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00454-00097647-00097743": "That sort of stuff.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00455-00097743-00097971": "And your attitudes are based on the information you have,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00456-00097971-00098271": "your knowledge, your emotions, your beliefs, your values,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00457-00098271-00098427": "that kind of stuff all feeds", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00458-00098427-00098617": "into your attitudes towards something.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00459-00098727-00098928": "So I grouped everybody into two groups,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00460-00098928-00099066": "those who are generally in favor", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00461-00099066-00099165": "of expanding their business,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00462-00099165-00099348": "I'm calling those business expanders.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00463-00099348-00099579": "And then hesitaters are those who are generally", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00464-00099579-00099831": "not in favor of expanding their businesses.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00465-00099831-00100263": "So when we talked to expanders, generally speaking,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00466-00100263-00100407": "they thought that, one of the things that,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00467-00100407-00100494": "attitudes they have,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00468-00100494-00100701": "aquaculture is environmentally sustainable.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00469-00100701-00100851": "It's a local food.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00470-00100851-00101086": "Industry expansion is good for the environment.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00471-00101178-00101394": "Another set of things they believed, or, well,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00472-00101394-00101496": "and then I have some quotes, too.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00473-00101496-00101661": "\"I see it as being an opportunity", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00474-00101661-00101934": "to do sustainable farming and feed a lot of people,\" right?", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00475-00101934-00102117": "So these are the attitudes they expressed,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00476-00102117-00102315": "people who are expanding their businesses", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00477-00102315-00102489": "towards aquaculture.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00478-00102489-00102630": "\"Well, I already plan on expanding.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00479-00102630-00102761": "I just look at the size of the market", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00480-00102761-00102930": "and there's a huge demand for fish.\"", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00481-00102930-00103160": "That's another thing they felt, was the market was there.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00482-00103160-00103452": "They had a positive attitude about the opportunity to expand", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00483-00103452-00103592": "and what it would result in.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00484-00103677-00103910": "That's notably different", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00485-00103910-00104151": "from the hesitaters' attitude towards expansion,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00486-00104234-00104544": "which we found right here.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00487-00104544-00104871": "Is things like, the business is high risk, right?", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00488-00104871-00105048": "People who are more hesitant to expand", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00489-00105048-00105233": "really focus on the business being high risk", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00490-00105233-00105351": "and capital-intensive.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00491-00105351-00105540": "Profit margins are often very low.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00492-00105540-00105732": "And expansion risk just isn't worth it, right?", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00493-00105732-00105849": "Plus, it's a lot of work.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00494-00105849-00106092": "Nobody thinks growing fish is easy, or they do,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00495-00106092-00106296": "but then they get into the business, I think,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00496-00106296-00106446": "is maybe how it actually goes, right?", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00497-00106446-00106665": "And so, some quotes that kind of summarize that.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00498-00106665-00106914": "One producer said, \"No, there's a lot of risk involved", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00499-00106914-00107154": "and a lot of people are not gonna want to take", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00500-00107154-00107258": "those kind of risks that we take,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00501-00107258-00107589": "or they're not going to have the financial resources", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00502-00107589-00107811": "that they wanna put at risk.\"", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00503-00107811-00107994": "\"It's an extremely expensive profession", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00504-00107994-00108204": "to just start from scratch, I would think.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00505-00108204-00108489": "So you'd have to have money to get into it.\"", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00506-00108489-00108594": "That's somebody who was talking about how", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00507-00108594-00108724": "nobody else would want to,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00508-00108833-00109047": "or how other people may not wanna expand their business.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00509-00109047-00109203": "So next, we're gonna talk about norms.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00510-00109203-00109286": "And what are norms?", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00511-00109286-00109401": "So, we're grouping subjective,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00512-00109401-00109563": "or injunctive and descriptive norms.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00513-00109563-00109788": "If you wanna talk about those later, we can, that's fine.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00514-00109788-00110043": "But essentially, norms are social pressures, right?", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00515-00110186-00110319": "Do your peers think this is something", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00516-00110319-00110622": "you should do or not do, right?", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00517-00110622-00110802": "Is there social pressure on you,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00518-00110802-00111030": "and social acceptance of you, doing some sort of behavior?", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00519-00111030-00111207": "In this case, expanding your business.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00520-00111207-00111420": "And the good news is, norms towards expansion", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00521-00111420-00111659": "were almost uniformly positive across the board.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00522-00111915-00112122": "You know, these were the main kind of thoughts.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00523-00112122-00112347": "The growth of the industry benefits everybody here,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00524-00112347-00112524": "peers want 'em to succeed or grow.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00525-00112524-00112661": "It's not a super competitive industry,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00526-00112661-00112784": "at least in the Midwest.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00527-00112784-00112958": "And you know, it's relatively small, right?", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00528-00112958-00113064": "So people felt these,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00529-00113064-00113151": "and so they felt like there'd be", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00530-00113151-00113316": "a lot of support for expanding.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00531-00113316-00113610": "So that is not a notable barrier to expansion, right?", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00532-00113697-00113783": "And, you know,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00533-00113783-00113991": "here's some quotes that kind of summarize that.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00534-00113991-00114246": "\"In the Midwest Great Lakes region, we're still,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00535-00114246-00114423": "for the most part, a niche market.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00536-00114423-00114630": "I mean, we're not a commodity where it gets cutthroat,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00537-00114630-00114780": "plenty of room for everybody here,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00538-00114780-00115017": "and oh, yeah, I'm supportive of other people expanding", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00539-00115017-00115248": "as long as they got a good business plan", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00540-00115248-00115460": "and they got their head on thinking right.\"", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00541-00115460-00115599": "So nobody wants to see people fail,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00542-00115599-00115829": "I suppose, is what that farmer was getting at.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00543-00116234-00116483": "Okay, and that was sort of descriptive of what was there.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00544-00116483-00116609": "And perceived behavioral control", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00545-00116609-00116816": "is the last item of this model that we looked at.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00546-00116816-00116913": "And so, what is that?", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00547-00116913-00117081": "Again, that's your perception", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00548-00117081-00117297": "about your ability to perform the behavior.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00549-00117297-00117495": "Do you have the knowledge it takes to expand?", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00550-00117495-00117635": "Do you have the capitals?", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00551-00117635-00117828": "Are you gonna be able to surmount the challenges?", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00552-00117828-00118008": "Is that something you feel like you can do?", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00553-00118008-00118334": "Are there external barriers that are preventing you?", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00554-00118334-00118596": "That's kind of what perceived behavioral control is.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00555-00118596-00118811": "And sometimes actual control comes into play, right?", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00556-00118811-00119073": "If you can't get financing, for example,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00557-00119073-00119292": "for one of a bunch of reasons, then that's, you know,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00558-00119292-00119433": "you actually have no control over that.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00559-00119433-00119571": "Your perceptions don't matter.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00560-00119571-00119766": "But with perceived behavioral control,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00561-00119766-00119913": "a lot of times perceptions are what's key.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00562-00119913-00120027": "It's like, what do you think?", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00563-00120027-00120225": "The truth doesn't necessarily matter,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00564-00120225-00120340": "it's what you perceive.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00565-00120528-00120699": "And I think there are some interesting differences.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00566-00120699-00120855": "What are expanders' perceptions", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00567-00120855-00121041": "of perceived behavioral control?", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00568-00121182-00121329": "People who are expanding talked about how", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00569-00121329-00121491": "information is readily available.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00570-00121491-00121749": "The regulations that they felt were fair,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00571-00121749-00121883": "you know, maybe not necessarily easy,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00572-00121883-00122172": "but were fair, and that the markets were ready for them.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00573-00122172-00122397": "So, they felt like there was a place for them to grow", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00574-00122397-00122556": "and the ability for them to grow,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00575-00122556-00122799": "and we can sum that up in a quote or two.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00576-00122799-00122979": "Ooh, these are getting longer.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00577-00122979-00123168": "\"Right now, there's a wealth of information", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00578-00123168-00123432": "that you can watch and take with a grain of salt.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00579-00123432-00123615": "Most of the aquaculture information is good,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00580-00123615-00123840": "not like some of the other crap on the internet.\"", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00581-00123840-00123978": "We all know about that, don't we?", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00582-00123978-00124140": "\"The aquaculture information is good,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00583-00124140-00124281": "particularly for aquaponics.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00584-00124281-00124566": "So, you can spend whole evenings watching videos", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00585-00124566-00124800": "on various aspects of aquaculture and learn from them.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00586-00124800-00125004": "Every new person getting into aquaculture", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00587-00125004-00125139": "should be talking to Extension.\"", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00588-00125139-00125262": "I think we all agree with that.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00589-00125262-00125451": "\"And they should also be talking to other farmers", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00590-00125451-00125662": "who are willing to talk, who have been there.\"", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00591-00125904-00126059": "And so, I think that's, you know,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00592-00126059-00126335": "really strong evidence of perceived behavioral control.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00593-00126335-00126534": "This is something that they're able to do.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00594-00126534-00126666": "What about hesitaters?", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00595-00126666-00126882": "Hesitaters tended to feel something a little bit different.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00596-00126882-00127058": "They felt like financing was a challenge,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00597-00127058-00127259": "regulations were a challenge.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00598-00127259-00127413": "They felt about a lack of social license,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00599-00127413-00127620": "which you hear discussed a lot in aquaculture markets.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00600-00127620-00127824": "They felt like those were a challenge.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00601-00127824-00128094": "Weak support systems were also a challenge.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00602-00128094-00128194": "And I pulled out a few quotes here,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00603-00128194-00128445": "'cause I think this is really important overall.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00604-00128445-00128595": "Another long one.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00605-00128595-00128880": "\"If you're a row crop farmer and you walk into Farm Credit,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00606-00128880-00129108": "or you walked into my local small town farm banks,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00607-00129108-00129273": "and you tell them you farm 80 acres,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00608-00129273-00129447": "they'll pretty much close their eyes,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00609-00129447-00129621": "hit the calculator a few times, and say, all right,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00610-00129621-00129891": "this is what I'm willing to loan you to put out your crop.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00611-00129891-00130140": "And you walk in there, you say, okay, I wanna raise fish,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00612-00130140-00130392": "and I need $100,000 for expansion of the fish farm.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00613-00130392-00130524": "And they basically look at you and say,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00614-00130524-00130668": "well, how much land do you own?", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00615-00130668-00130767": "How many cars you have?", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00616-00130767-00131068": "And do you have $200,000 to pay back $100,000?", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00617-00131068-00131169": "That's the difference.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00618-00131169-00131433": "So unequivocally, hands down, it's funding", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00619-00131433-00131595": "that's going to hold this thing back.\"", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00620-00131595-00131709": "So what they're saying, essentially,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00621-00131709-00131988": "is that you have to borrow against different assets, right?", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00622-00131988-00132315": "In order to get a business loan for aquaculture,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00623-00132315-00132498": "it's not as supported.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00624-00132498-00132756": "This one's even longer, but I think it's worth going through", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00625-00132756-00133032": "'cause it touches on this idea of support systems.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00626-00133032-00133203": "\"It's really tough to insure in aquaculture.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00627-00133203-00133368": "You know, well, the fish, anyway.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00628-00133368-00133566": "You can insure liability and your building", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00629-00133566-00133649": "and things like that.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00630-00133649-00133860": "But, you know, if a blizzard goes through Montana", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00631-00133860-00134016": "on a big farm cattle operation", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00632-00134016-00134220": "and they lose 200 head of cattle due to a blizzard,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00633-00134220-00134424": "there are programs to offset those losses.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00634-00134424-00134643": "In our state, if somebody loses a bunch of fish,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00635-00134643-00134841": "there are no programs, you eat the loss.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00636-00134841-00135006": "So there's no federal safety net, I guess,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00637-00135006-00135249": "and I'm not a big fan of safety nets in general,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00638-00135249-00135426": "but there's no safety net for fish health.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00639-00135426-00135525": "It's high risk.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00640-00135525-00135660": "You better know what you're doing.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00641-00135660-00135743": "There are federal programs", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00642-00135743-00135882": "that can help you with other things,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00643-00135882-00136041": "but nothing in terms of covering fish", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00644-00136041-00136163": "like with other proteins.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00645-00136163-00136488": "Certainly nothing like with corn and soybean farmers.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00646-00136488-00136732": "You know they have all kinds of programs.\"", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00647-00136732-00136842": "Oh, what did I do?", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00648-00136842-00137082": "I stopped sharing my screen, sorry about that.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00649-00137082-00137187": "Let me go back to it.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00650-00137820-00137950": "And we're back, all right.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00651-00138108-00138237": "And in social license, briefly,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00652-00138237-00138390": "\"I think there's been a very conscientious", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00653-00138390-00138492": "and intentional effort by some", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00654-00138492-00138741": "to de-market domestic aquaculture products", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00655-00138741-00139038": "and demonize domestic aquaculture production.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00656-00139038-00139218": "And so, it's not just consumer perception,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00657-00139218-00139326": "it's societal perception.\"", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00658-00139326-00139575": "And for time, I will sort of zip by that one.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00659-00139575-00139863": "So, what conclusions can we draw from this, right?", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00660-00139863-00140061": "The first is, is that, you know, attitudes,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00661-00140061-00140229": "aquaculture is a high risk,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00662-00140229-00140400": "high capital, high risk business.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00663-00140400-00140607": "And some people really perceive that,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00664-00140607-00140871": "and when they feel that dramatically", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00665-00140871-00141123": "is when they are less likely to succeed.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00666-00141225-00141363": "Let's see, I got a chat message.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00667-00141363-00141474": "What was it?", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00668-00141474-00141675": "Oh yes, \"You can add your questions to the chat,\"", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00669-00141675-00141896": "says Nicole, so I will chime in and say that.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00670-00142050-00142200": "Government support, funding and support,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00671-00142200-00142344": "is less than with traditional agriculture.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00672-00142344-00142692": "And this is a problem for people who are perceived,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00673-00142692-00142829": "or are less likely to want to expand, right?", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00674-00142829-00143121": "The hesitaters, they perceive less government funding,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00675-00143121-00143301": "less government support.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00676-00143301-00143574": "And then, on top of that, \"Farmers typically want to expand,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00677-00143574-00143691": "but don't see themselves as able to.\"", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00678-00143691-00143862": "most people have pretty favorable ideas", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00679-00143862-00144045": "about the concept of expansion.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00680-00144045-00144240": "Where their attitudes go bad,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00681-00144240-00144423": "or where their behavioral intentions", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00682-00144423-00144543": "tend to shy away from that", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00683-00144543-00144708": "is when they don't perceive the market there,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00684-00144708-00144855": "they don't perceive they have the ability to expand", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00685-00144855-00144948": "because of the market,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00686-00144948-00145110": "or they don't perceive they have the ability to expand", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00687-00145110-00145392": "because of the presence of capital social safety systems", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00688-00145392-00145779": "and, sort of, societal acceptance, excuse me.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00689-00145779-00145875": "So, I actually can come up with", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00690-00145875-00145992": "a couple of recommendations there,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00691-00145992-00146187": "and this will be what I close on.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00692-00146187-00146385": "But before I do, I'm gonna read another quote.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00693-00146385-00146601": "So, to caveat my recommendations, right?", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00694-00146601-00146699": "And this is one that,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00695-00146699-00146955": "this is the best quote for the whole thing.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00696-00146955-00147063": "If there are children listening,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00697-00147063-00147246": "you might want to give them the earmuff situation", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00698-00147246-00147687": "for just a minute, because the quote is full-throated.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00699-00147687-00147831": "It's an actual quote from actual farmer,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00700-00147831-00147999": "and I will say they were not totally wrong,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00701-00147999-00148248": "partially wrong, mostly wrong, but not totally.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00702-00148248-00148434": "So before you accept my recommendations,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00703-00148434-00148527": "listen to this farmer, who says,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00704-00148527-00148767": "\"No offense, but some of these researchers", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00705-00148767-00148926": "and all this science bullshit.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00706-00148926-00149136": "There people are in science fair labs,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00707-00149136-00149250": "they're doing cute little projects,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00708-00149250-00149419": "they've never spent their own money.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00709-00149419-00149520": "They don't know how to do it.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00710-00149520-00149709": "They would just do research to get grant money,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00711-00149709-00149973": "And it's all, I totally think it's bullshit.\"", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00712-00149973-00150177": "Now, again, I don't think that's the case,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00713-00150177-00150639": "but recognizing that I'm not an aquaculture producer, right?", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00714-00150639-00150831": "My money is not on the table here.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00715-00150831-00150996": "I think that the things are most important,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00716-00150996-00151131": "as we gather all this information,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00717-00151131-00151347": "is the financing issues, right?", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00718-00151347-00151623": "It's really hard for farmers to want to expand.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00719-00151623-00151866": "So, you know, and I, as a senior employee,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00720-00151866-00152148": "of course I'm not supporting any specific policies", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00721-00152148-00152231": "or something like that,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00722-00152231-00152460": "but if you want to expand the market,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00723-00152460-00152694": "and want to improve producer's ability to expand,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00724-00152694-00152868": "financing is a big barrier.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00725-00152982-00153162": "Support systems are another big barrier.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00726-00153162-00153450": "Insurance, funding more extension,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00727-00153450-00153606": "I definitely support that.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00728-00153714-00153816": "You know, we have this great group in GLAC.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00729-00153816-00153951": "In fact, I think I have a graph here,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00730-00153951-00154053": "but if you look on this work", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00731-00154053-00154296": "that Amy Shambach and Kwamena Quagrainie and I", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00732-00154296-00154491": "just got accepted yesterday,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00733-00154491-00154659": "there's very little aquaculture program.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00734-00154659-00155004": "So this is two columns of bar graphs here, right?", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00735-00155004-00155133": "And if you look on the left,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00736-00155133-00155451": "it's, do people offer aquaculture programming?", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00737-00155451-00155625": "On the right is aquaponics, and the very,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00738-00155625-00155970": "the left-most column in each of those subgraphs is no,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00739-00155970-00156212": "the middle is also no, but they're interested in it,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00740-00156212-00156345": "and the right is yes.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00741-00156345-00156456": "So let's go back and forth,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00742-00156456-00156618": "and it's broken up by state here.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00743-00156618-00156753": "Look at how few states have much", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00744-00156753-00156984": "in the way of aquaculture extension programming.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00745-00156984-00157116": "This was a different survey we did", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00746-00157116-00157491": "of ag and natural resources extension personnel.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00747-00157491-00157743": "So we have some in Indiana,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00748-00157743-00157890": "we have some in Michigan,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00749-00157998-00158400": "we have some in Nebraska-related aquaponics, some in Ohio,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00750-00158400-00158697": "some in Wisconsin, a lot of state with very little, right?", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00751-00158697-00158814": "And this was just extension,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00752-00158814-00158997": "so the Sea Grant stuff is not captured in there,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00753-00158997-00159093": "but the point is there's not", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00754-00159093-00159306": "a lot of extension work going on there.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00755-00159306-00159480": "There could be more funding for that, potentially, too,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00756-00159480-00159708": "as part of that support system.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00757-00159708-00159828": "But my main conclusion is this,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00758-00159828-00160071": "it's not a market that's gonna grow by itself.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00759-00160071-00160293": "There's a lot of social support for other food markets,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00760-00160293-00160545": "and the farmers at least perceive that", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00761-00160545-00160825": "this social support is lacking for their market as well.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00762-00161061-00161144": "Thank you, that's what I got.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00763-00161144-00161301": "If you wanna talk, please put it in the chat,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00764-00161301-00161574": "and if you want to ask me questions later,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00765-00161574-00161694": "I think that email address works,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00766-00161694-00161777": "you can do that there.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00767-00161777-00161874": "Thank you for your time.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00768-00162086-00162222": "- Thanks, Stuart.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00769-00162330-00162413": "That was great.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00770-00162413-00162594": "We will take questions at the end.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00771-00162594-00162945": "People can continue to add those to the chat.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00772-00162945-00163245": "Now, we're gonna turn it over to Max and Trey,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00773-00163245-00163456": "who are going to talk more about", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00774-00163590-00163758": "regulations in aquaculture", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00775-00163758-00164019": "and consumer demand and willingness to pay for aquaculture", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00776-00164019-00164157": "in the Great Lakes.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00777-00164343-00164428": "- Thanks, Nicole.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00778-00164727-00164842": "- Well, hey, everybody.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00779-00164949-00165261": "So this is gonna be fun, because basically,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00780-00165441-00165591": "we both give a lot of lectures,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00781-00165591-00165723": "and I thought it would be more fun", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00782-00165723-00165951": "if we just kind of talk through some of the findings", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00783-00165951-00166161": "in the, kind of, structure", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00784-00166161-00166386": "of something else I've been working on.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00785-00166470-00166866": "So, just to, let's see if I can share.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00786-00167230-00167563": "(Trey faintly speaking)", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00787-00167727-00167928": "- So, Trey and I were working on our presentation", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00788-00167928-00168114": "and then Trey texted me half an hour ago", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00789-00168114-00168378": "saying he was making some edits to it, so.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00790-00168378-00168525": "- Yeah.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00791-00168525-00168621": "- I kind of know what's coming,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00792-00168621-00168751": "but not a hundred percent.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00793-00168858-00168941": "- Okay.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00794-00169197-00169479": "Can y'all see my screen here?", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00795-00169683-00169788": "- [Nicole] Yes, we can.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00796-00169788-00169893": "- Okay, cool.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00797-00169893-00170112": "All right, so what y'all asked us to do", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00798-00170112-00170286": "was talk about our research,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00799-00170286-00170541": "and I think Stuart did a really good job,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00800-00170541-00170706": "at the end of that talk especially,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00801-00170706-00171069": "mentioning how critical stakeholders can be", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00802-00171069-00171270": "about whether or not this research", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00803-00171270-00171543": "has any relevance to the world.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00804-00171543-00171813": "And so, what I wanted to do was", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00805-00171813-00172005": "kind of take what I've been working on", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00806-00172005-00172203": "with respect to entrepreneurship,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00807-00172203-00172557": "and structure our talk more like a conversation", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00808-00172557-00172839": "about entrepreneurship in the fish business", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00809-00172839-00172983": "and aquaculture space.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00810-00173088-00173588": "So, what our research objectives have been historically,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00811-00173589-00173703": "at least on this project,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00812-00173703-00173892": "is to identify and investigate", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00813-00173892-00174144": "policy-related challenges and opportunities,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00814-00174144-00174348": "analyze consumer willingness to pay", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00815-00174348-00174600": "for aquaculture product types and qualities,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00816-00174600-00174849": "and then conduct price analysis of aquaculture products", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00817-00174849-00174984": "from the Great Lakes.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00818-00174984-00175231": "- [Nicole] Trey, If I stop you for one second.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00819-00175231-00175449": "- [Trey] Yeah, how do I do that?", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00820-00175449-00175680": "- [Nicole] Can you put your presentation", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00821-00175680-00175923": "in full screen mode rather than presenting mode?", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00822-00175923-00176078": "- [Trey] Ah, yeah. - [Nicole] Thanks.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00823-00176164-00176580": "- [Trey] How do I do that?", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00824-00176580-00176763": "Display settings. - [Max] Yep.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00825-00176763-00176940": "- [Trey] Duplicate Slideshow?", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00826-00176940-00177060": "- [Max] No, I think, maybe,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00827-00177060-00177175": "or Swap Presenter View - [Trey] Does that work?", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00828-00177175-00177351": "- [Max] and Slideshow might work.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00829-00177351-00177518": "- Can you see it now? - [Max] Yeah, we're good.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00830-00177518-00177728": "- Okay, yes.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00831-00177728-00177846": "Okay.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00832-00177846-00178095": "So, I mean, the gist here is that,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00833-00178095-00178308": "what we're trying to do is to conduct some type of", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00834-00178308-00178554": "consumer price analysis on aquaculture.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00835-00178554-00178728": "And all of this sounds", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00836-00178728-00179031": "like really meaningful research objectives.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00837-00179031-00179382": "It's not abundantly clear that these research objectives", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00838-00179382-00179637": "exactly tie in to exactly what", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00839-00179637-00179820": "I think an entrepreneur would be looking for", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00840-00179820-00180030": "if they were to ask a marketing researcher,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00841-00180030-00180327": "for example, what their needs are.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00842-00180327-00180585": "If you want a, like, a quick hit", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00843-00180585-00180759": "on what we've been working on,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00844-00180759-00180913": "we published a CHOICES article", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00845-00181047-00181518": "that Max and I co-edited last in the fall, I believe,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00846-00181518-00181776": "on the economics of United States aquaculture.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00847-00181776-00181911": "And Stuart did a great job", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00848-00181911-00182319": "emphasizing some of these, kind of, quick hit components.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00849-00182412-00182688": "Growth of sales has increased, you know,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00850-00182688-00182898": "we've seen this increase in total demand", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00851-00182898-00183036": "between all these things.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00852-00183126-00183585": "Most consumers rank safety as the most important attribute.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00853-00183585-00183780": "I think Simone's on this call,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00854-00183780-00184017": "she's got a really great paper in there about that.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00855-00184017-00184272": "And then, you know, that there's a bunch of work", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00856-00184272-00184464": "on research and everything else.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00857-00184644-00184988": "But what I wanna talk about is this concept of long tails.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00858-00184988-00185271": "(laughs) And Max hasn't seen any of this,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00859-00185271-00185628": "so this is gonna come outta nowhere for Max, as well.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00860-00185748-00186045": "If you want to be an entrepreneur, in general,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00861-00186045-00186315": "your first job is to find market niches.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00862-00186315-00186600": "Now, it's helpful to some extent to know", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00863-00186600-00186870": "all of the things that everybody kind of talks about,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00864-00186870-00187212": "like the trade deficit in aquaculture,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00865-00187212-00187596": "the extent of the market in the Great Lakes region", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00866-00187596-00187743": "versus here in the south.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00867-00187860-00188100": "It's, I think, informative to understand", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00868-00188100-00188283": "exactly what's going on there,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00869-00188283-00188472": "but at the end of the day,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00870-00188472-00188883": "how does that form a decision for a stakeholder?", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00871-00188883-00189165": "And I'm not sure all the time", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00872-00189165-00189594": "that, maybe, my work has been effective enough in conveying", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00873-00189594-00189834": "why all of this research that we're doing", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00874-00189834-00190017": "has some type of a value add.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00875-00190119-00190302": "So, once upon a time,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00876-00190302-00190572": "everybody wanted a standardized product.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00877-00190572-00190692": "And I think that that's where we are", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00878-00190692-00190944": "in a lot of aquaculture production today.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00879-00190944-00191262": "Once upon a time, there was this push toward", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00880-00191262-00191478": "standardized potatoes for McDonald's,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00881-00191478-00191754": "you know, you used to have all these different cultivars", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00882-00191754-00192048": "for McDonald's french fries,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00883-00192048-00192342": "but you didn't necessarily have,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00884-00192342-00192447": "you had different cultivars,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00885-00192447-00192621": "and you didn't have a standardized product.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00886-00192621-00192873": "Now, I can go to a McDonald's no matter where I am", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00887-00192873-00193221": "and I can eat the same McDonald's french fry.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00888-00193221-00193485": "That's honestly, like, a crazy innovation", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00889-00193485-00193668": "in the history of the world.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00890-00193668-00193851": "Think about Red Delicious apples.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00891-00193851-00194262": "They're probably my least favorite-tasting apple,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00892-00194262-00194442": "at least, the texture is something that, like,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00893-00194442-00194736": "when we think about Honeycrisp, it's just so much better.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00894-00194736-00195123": "But by and large, people were with that Red Delicious apple,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00895-00195123-00195279": "because it wasn't that long ago", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00896-00195279-00195468": "that you couldn't get an apple", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00897-00195468-00195702": "in rural Kansas in the winter.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00898-00195792-00195936": "Now you can do that all the time.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00899-00195936-00196176": "Beer is probably my favorite example.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00900-00196176-00196383": "We have, you know, 9,000 craft breweries", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00901-00196383-00196533": "in the United States today.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00902-00196533-00196752": "Once upon a time, we had about 9,000 breweries,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00903-00196752-00196929": "but it was because there was no infrastructure", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00904-00196929-00197130": "to be able to move the product.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00905-00197130-00197295": "So, when it comes to fish,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00906-00197295-00197589": "I think our standard belief system is that", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00907-00197589-00197841": "people want this standardized fish product,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00908-00197841-00197994": "the Filet-O-Fish or whatever.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00909-00198084-00198462": "Well, production booms have followed that demand, right?", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00910-00198462-00198702": "So, US beer production in the United States,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00911-00198702-00198933": "and I think this is just a really good example,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00912-00198933-00199197": "US beer production has just boomed in the US", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00913-00199197-00199530": "from 1860 to about 2000, 1990.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00914-00199530-00199725": "Notice it's tailing off.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00915-00199725-00199950": "But the state of Arkansas, where I now live,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00916-00199950-00200175": "has never produced a million barrels of beer.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00917-00200283-00200412": "The reason I bring that up", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00918-00200412-00200688": "is I think that the state of Arkansas beer", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00919-00200688-00200943": "can maybe say something relevant to", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00920-00200943-00201126": "Great Lakes aquaculture production.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00921-00201258-00201531": "Because historically, it's not like", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00922-00201531-00201873": "Great Lakes aquaculture production saw this massive boom.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00923-00201873-00202158": "Even still, I think there are plenty of market opportunities", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00924-00202158-00202365": "in Great Lakes aquaculture.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00925-00202365-00202629": "So the theory of the long tail is that, this idea that", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00926-00202629-00202839": "\"Our culture and economy are increasingly shifting", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00927-00202839-00203339": "away from a focus on relatively small numbers of hits,\"", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00928-00203364-00203580": "so, that mainstream product,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00929-00203580-00203748": "\"at the head of the demand curve,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00930-00203748-00204132": "and moving toward a huge number of niches in the tail.\"", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00931-00204132-00204340": "So we are now in a world where", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00932-00204441-00204687": "there are over 45,000 different options", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00933-00204687-00204909": "in a grocery store to purchase.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00934-00204909-00205332": "That's up from about 8,000, 7,500 options in the '70s.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00935-00205332-00205617": "We've seen an explosion in the number of options.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00936-00205617-00205964": "Think about if you try to go buy anything at a Walmart,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00937-00205964-00206204": "(laughs) you're going to see as many options", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00938-00206204-00206454": "as they can possibly fit on the shelf.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00939-00206454-00206589": "Now, the reason I bring up Walmart", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00940-00206589-00206871": "is because they have limited shelf capacity.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00941-00206871-00207180": "The internet has no limited shelf capacity.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00942-00207180-00207392": "I can order, if you've ever heard of Goldbelly,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00943-00207392-00207609": "I can literally order", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00944-00207609-00208109": "Buddy's deep dish Detroit-style pizza here in Arkansas,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00945-00208131-00208411": "and I can get it in about a day and a half, maybe a day.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00946-00208533-00208869": "The internet has created these opportunities", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00947-00208869-00209219": "for long tail niche products.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00948-00209219-00209394": "Okay, so in the beer market,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00949-00209496-00209688": "you can think about it this way.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00950-00209688-00209883": "So in popularity, you have", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00951-00209883-00210084": "Bud Light, Budweiser, and Yuengling.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00952-00210084-00210459": "Those are kind of those top, high-popularity products.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00953-00210542-00210801": "As we move down that curve, though,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00954-00210801-00211179": "there are tons and tons and tons of opportunities, right?", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00955-00211179-00211323": "So Sam Adams is one of those", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00956-00211323-00211521": "larger craft breweries that exist.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00957-00211608-00211844": "As we move further into that niche content,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00958-00211844-00212016": "I put in a couple Arkansas breweries", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00959-00212016-00212283": "just because I think that that really emphasizes", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00960-00212283-00212586": "places that you've never heard of, but still make money.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00961-00212688-00212969": "One of those is Prairie, that's in Tulsa.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00962-00212969-00213315": "We get down to Ivory Bill Brewing in the very long tail.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00963-00213315-00213585": "That is a very, very, very small brewery", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00964-00213585-00213867": "in a very, very rural town in Arkansas,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00965-00213867-00214110": "and they're still revenue positive.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00966-00214110-00214446": "So, total beer production in the entire state of Arkansas", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00967-00214446-00214857": "for 2021 was 51,000 barrels total.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00968-00215013-00215244": "Just in context, Yuengling,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00969-00215244-00215583": "which is a, kind of a standard, like,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00970-00215583-00215766": "cult-classic favorite beer,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00971-00215766-00216030": "is a 2 million-barrel company.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00972-00216030-00216216": "So, in the entire state of Arkansas,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00973-00216216-00216309": "even though we have all these", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00974-00216309-00216486": "different market opportunities,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00975-00216486-00216810": "looking at the total production of any brewery", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00976-00216810-00217008": "is really not telling you what you need to know", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00977-00217008-00217323": "about how to create that potential market growth.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00978-00217410-00217605": "So, why is this happening?", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00979-00217605-00217748": "And this is where I think our research", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00980-00217748-00218067": "is extremely relevant for aquaculture", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00981-00218067-00218241": "in the Great Lakes region.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00982-00218241-00218334": "The first thing is that", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00983-00218334-00218519": "there has been this democratization", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00984-00218519-00218676": "of the tools of production.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00985-00218676-00219021": "It is much easier now to produce things in a niche level", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00986-00219021-00219248": "than almost ever before.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00987-00219248-00219612": "With that democratized tool production, you get more stuff.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00988-00219612-00219915": "More people are able to step into that role.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00989-00219915-00220161": "You know, think about like, toolmakers, producers.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00990-00220161-00220386": "If we're talking about online digital content,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00991-00220386-00220713": "digital cameras, blogging, et cetera.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00992-00220713-00220929": "You just have more content everywhere.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00993-00221067-00221151": "One example,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00994-00221151-00221412": "that's probably the most famous example in agriculture,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00995-00221412-00221628": "is tractors.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00996-00221628-00221838": "So once upon a time, you had", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00997-00221838-00222096": "thousands and thousands of horses in the United States.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00998-00222096-00222276": "This is an AER paper that I think", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-00999-00222276-00222473": "is just absolutely brilliant.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01000-00222473-00222639": "The blue line here", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01001-00222639-00222894": "is the number of tractors in the United States,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01002-00222894-00222977": "and the red line there", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01003-00222977-00223236": "is the number of horses and mules over time.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01004-00223236-00223428": "And look how almost perfectly", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01005-00223428-00223683": "negatively-correlated those two lines are.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01006-00223683-00224042": "As soon as the tractor took off,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01007-00224042-00224346": "the Fordson was about 1920,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01008-00224466-00224730": "as soon as the Fordson tractor came out,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01009-00224730-00225044": "you can see exactly where that number of horses and mules", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01010-00225044-00225231": "has declined precipitously.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01011-00225231-00225504": "So that's really a lot of the story of agriculture.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01012-00225678-00225954": "We can look at it in terms of technology growth.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01013-00225954-00226338": "So this is from, kind of a polemical article", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01014-00226338-00226617": "in \"The New York Times,\" an op-ed piece,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01015-00226617-00226700": "where they're looking at", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01016-00226700-00227200": "the number of acres harvested in corn in 1980, or 1950,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01017-00227238-00227523": "versus 2015, in a few other ways.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01018-00227523-00227937": "It would take another 228 million acres of corn", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01019-00227937-00228201": "for us to raise the amount of corn that we raise today", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01020-00228201-00228456": "if we were using 1950s technology.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01021-00228456-00228657": "The technological innovation has created", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01022-00228657-00228819": "a lot of impressive changes", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01023-00228819-00229038": "in democratized tools for production.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01024-00229038-00229191": "I mean, if I need to produce something,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01025-00229191-00229377": "I can look at YouTube.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01026-00229377-00229737": "There are literally so many extension programs out there,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01027-00229737-00229887": "and outreach programs that are trying", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01028-00229887-00230148": "to create opportunities for small food businesses.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01029-00230250-00230642": "The Food Corridor coordinates restaurants,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01030-00230642-00230865": "ghost kitchens across the country.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01031-00230865-00230952": "Down here in Arkansas,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01032-00230952-00231123": "we have the Center for Arkansas Farm and Food,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01033-00231123-00231317": "and the Arkansas Food Innovation Center.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01034-00231317-00231558": "In Michigan, they have the Product Center.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01035-00231558-00231714": "All of these things exist", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01036-00231714-00232041": "to try to democratize the tools of production.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01037-00232041-00232206": "Steve Case just published a book", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01038-00232206-00232539": "on this as it relates to entrepreneurship in the,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01039-00232539-00232812": "he calls it \"the rest\" because it's not on the coast.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01040-00232812-00233094": "Steve Case is really, he founded AOL.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01041-00233094-00233271": "And the whole point is that", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01042-00233271-00233592": "we now have these opportunities that we never had before", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01043-00233592-00233934": "in the middle of the country and in rural places.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01044-00233934-00234219": "AgPlan, if anybody's, if you haven't heard of AgPlan,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01045-00234219-00234336": "you very much should.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01046-00234336-00234459": "It's a business planning tool", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01047-00234459-00234690": "that's run by the University of Minnesota.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01048-00234690-00234936": "If you are looking to go get a loan,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01049-00234936-00235128": "you probably need to think through your business plan,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01050-00235128-00235317": "because you're gonna have to step into that bank", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01051-00235317-00235491": "and explain everything that you're gonna do", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01052-00235491-00235671": "and how you're gonna be able to pay them back.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01053-00235671-00235881": "AgPlan's gonna be able to help you think through that.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01054-00235881-00236146": "They have actually explicitly designed", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01055-00236244-00236744": "fish plan business templates.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01056-00236796-00236892": "Super helpful.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01057-00236982-00237366": "Okay, so, this is what's going on in agriculture", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01058-00237366-00237552": "and in the rest of the economy.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01059-00237552-00237732": "What's going on in aquaculture", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01060-00237732-00238014": "as it relates to democratized tools of production?", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01061-00238014-00238266": "I think everybody probably knows.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01062-00238266-00238667": "The regulatory state, as in aquaculture,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01063-00238667-00239154": "is just much more extreme than almost anywhere else", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01064-00239154-00239469": "in agricultural production, at least on proteins.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01065-00239469-00239583": "Max, you wanna talk about the paper", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01066-00239583-00239727": "that we published on that?", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01067-00239873-00239997": "- Yeah, yeah, I can.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01068-00240087-00240473": "So, let me give you a little bit of background about me.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01069-00240473-00240657": "Maybe Trey, you wanna talk a little bit about", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01070-00240657-00240746": "where you're coming from, too?", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01071-00240746-00241107": "So I'm an economist, I've got a degree in economics", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01072-00241107-00241319": "from Michigan State University.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01073-00241319-00241578": "Born and raised in northern Michigan,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01074-00241578-00241713": "Cadillac, Michigan,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01075-00241713-00242123": "and now I work in Chicago at Loyola University Chicago.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01076-00242123-00242463": "So, I've done quite a bit of work on fisheries,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01077-00242463-00242598": "but from, like, the recreational", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01078-00242598-00242808": "and wild commercial production.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01079-00242808-00243221": "And so, I stepped into this with that as my background.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01080-00243221-00243534": "And I'm gonna talk a little bit about", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01081-00243534-00243660": "these policy-related challenges,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01082-00243660-00243848": "because that was the first thing that got thrown at me", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01083-00243848-00244067": "is, you know, why is the industry", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01084-00244067-00244179": "seem to be struggling so much?", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01085-00244179-00244428": "Well, maybe it's the policy atmosphere", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01086-00244428-00244626": "that it's finding itself in.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01087-00244626-00244875": "But before I dive into that, Trey, maybe you wanna,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01088-00244875-00245127": "there was a question here about your affiliation.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01089-00245127-00245316": "You wanna address that?", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01090-00245316-00245481": "- Yeah, sure.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01091-00245481-00245715": "For some reason my chats aren't popping up, but my,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01092-00245715-00245865": "so I was at Michigan State University", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01093-00245865-00246023": "for the last five years.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01094-00246023-00246264": "I was an ag economist for", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01095-00246264-00246540": "the Department of Agricultural Food and Resource Economics,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01096-00246540-00246891": "and then I was also an extension economist there.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01097-00246891-00247263": "I moved to the University of Arkansas this summer.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01098-00247263-00247482": "Here, I still focus on,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01099-00247482-00247761": "somewhat food marketing and ag marketing,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01100-00247761-00248069": "but I also am really leading the charge", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01101-00248069-00248301": "on a lot of the entrepreneurship-related work", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01102-00248301-00248415": "that we do here.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01103-00248415-00248642": "I was actually just recently named", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01104-00248642-00248961": "the Sustainable Food Systems Fellow for the Farm Foundation.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01105-00248961-00249348": "So, my work tends to cut across products", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01106-00249348-00249735": "and focuses more on opportunity recognition", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01107-00249735-00250062": "for small- and medium-sized farms and producers.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01108-00250062-00250562": "But I work mostly post-farm gate, if that makes sense.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01109-00250587-00250896": "So, what happens when it leaves the, you know,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01110-00250896-00251117": "that 86 cents of the dollar", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01111-00251117-00251444": "that doesn't go to the farmer or the producer.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01112-00251444-00251583": "What's happening there,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01113-00251583-00251805": "and how might producers be able to benefit more", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01114-00251805-00252189": "from capturing some of that supply chain logistics", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01115-00252189-00252389": "in the marketing channels that they use.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01116-00252591-00252885": "- So, when Trey and I stepped into this project,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01117-00252885-00253086": "some of the feedback we initially got", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01118-00253086-00253392": "about the industry is that,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01119-00253392-00253671": "the policy atmosphere isn't very conducive", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01120-00253671-00254112": "to growing a business, growing your farm.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01121-00254112-00254556": "And we thought, well, does, like, we're hearing that,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01122-00254556-00254796": "but can we find evidence of that in the data?", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01123-00254796-00254969": "Can we back that up with data?", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01124-00254969-00255202": "And so, what we did was", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01125-00255333-00255467": "work with a couple of people", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01126-00255467-00255756": "who had an algorithm that would crawl through", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01127-00255756-00255939": "the Code of Federal Regulations,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01128-00255939-00256161": "so all the laws at the federal level,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01129-00256161-00256410": "and they also had a book of laws at the state level,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01130-00256410-00256719": "and just crawl through that and identify laws", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01131-00256719-00257069": "that could be related to aquaculture", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01132-00257069-00257550": "or other protein-related businesses,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01133-00257550-00257712": "food production businesses.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01134-00257712-00257889": "And what this graph is showing", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01135-00257889-00258344": "is basically the results of that research.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01136-00258344-00258567": "And the graph is showing that", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01137-00258567-00258876": "the number of regulations that seem to have a link", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01138-00258876-00259026": "to aquaculture production", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01139-00259026-00259496": "is enormously higher than regulations related to", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01140-00259496-00259686": "other protein production.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01141-00259686-00260127": "So, percent share of US direct regulations.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01142-00260127-00260323": "So that's talking about regulations", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01143-00260423-00260703": "right at, like, the farm, okay?", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01144-00260703-00260817": "Not like, down the chain.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01145-00260817-00260946": "There's also regulations associated", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01146-00260946-00261119": "with down the chain of production,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01147-00261119-00261339": "but these are right at the farm.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01148-00261339-00261576": "So initially what we were finding is,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01149-00261576-00261732": "yeah, the data backs up", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01150-00261732-00261912": "what we've been hearing, is that,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01151-00261912-00262146": "there's just more laws that you've gotta deal with", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01152-00262146-00262332": "when you're growing fish.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01153-00262485-00262692": "- So yeah, I mean, I think,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01154-00262692-00262937": "so there are caveats to this finding, right?", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01155-00262937-00263100": "- [Max] There are, yeah.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01156-00263100-00263355": "- I mean, the key here is to remember that,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01157-00263355-00263619": "this is just literally counting", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01158-00263619-00263892": "the number of what are called regulatory restrictions.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01159-00263892-00264135": "So basically what's happening is,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01160-00264135-00264552": "we used a computer to read the number of times", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01161-00264552-00264741": "that, in the Code of Federal Regulations,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01162-00264741-00265053": "it says a producer must blank,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01163-00265053-00265392": "or shall blank, or has to blank.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01164-00265392-00265599": "So you count all of those up,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01165-00265599-00265869": "and then you use these production functions", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01166-00265869-00266073": "that are in something called an input-output table,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01167-00266073-00266265": "and then you match those things,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01168-00266265-00266361": "and, you know,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01169-00266361-00266787": "if there is some type of a bias in the aquaculture count,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01170-00266787-00267228": "that bias also exists in all of the other counts, okay?", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01171-00267228-00267426": "And so, what we're finding here is that,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01172-00267426-00267699": "at least in terms of the total number of times", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01173-00267699-00267933": "that the Code of Federal Regulations says that", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01174-00267933-00268395": "somebody in the aquaculture supply chain has to do blank,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01175-00268395-00268785": "it is just so much more than every other industry.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01176-00268785-00268959": "So, notice all of the other industries", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01177-00268959-00269112": "are down there at that 10% level,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01178-00269112-00269448": "where aquaculture is up there at that 60% level.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01179-00269583-00270027": "The thing is that, obviously we're not quantifying", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01180-00270027-00270240": "the cost of that regulation.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01181-00270240-00270417": "There are plenty of other papers out there", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01182-00270417-00270606": "that try to really dig in to what the cost", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01183-00270606-00270777": "of different types of regulations are.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01184-00270777-00270942": "This is literally just looking at", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01185-00270942-00271245": "the overall volume of regulatory burdens.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01186-00271383-00271548": "Another thing that I'd like to point out here,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01187-00271548-00271721": "and that I think Stuart did a really good job", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01188-00271721-00272010": "in their study emphasizing,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01189-00272010-00272199": "is that it's not always necessarily", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01190-00272199-00272346": "the number of regulations.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01191-00272436-00272742": "So, statistically speaking,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01192-00272742-00273036": "if everybody in the aquaculture supply chain", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01193-00273036-00273378": "was 99.9% compliant,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01194-00273378-00273573": "odds are you still have never eaten", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01195-00273573-00273951": "a perfectly safe fish, or a perfectly legal fish, excuse me.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01196-00274047-00274257": "That doesn't mean that it's not safe.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01197-00274257-00274455": "And it also doesn't necessarily mean", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01198-00274455-00274767": "that every regulation was enforced.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01199-00274767-00274923": "So what oftentimes matters more", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01200-00274923-00275205": "than the total volume of regulatory burdens", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01201-00275205-00275376": "is the enforcement mechanism.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01202-00275475-00275667": "And if you go look at,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01203-00275667-00275847": "actually, what Stuart's stuff talks about,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01204-00275847-00276231": "how people feel about state regulatory authorities", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01205-00276231-00276450": "versus federal regulatory authorities,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01206-00276450-00276633": "sometimes it's not that,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01207-00276633-00276798": "the federal laws, there are more of,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01208-00276798-00277143": "but at least the enforcement is more consistent.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01209-00277143-00277374": "And so, either way, though,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01210-00277374-00277515": "what we're finding when we compare", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01211-00277515-00277689": "to some of these other proteins", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01212-00277689-00277830": "is, when I'm talking about", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01213-00277830-00278109": "democratized tools of production for aquaculture,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01214-00278109-00278418": "it's not unlikely that some of these regulatory hurdles", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01215-00278418-00278622": "are probably reducing that", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01216-00278622-00278880": "democratized tool or opportunity for production.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01217-00278991-00279074": "- Yeah.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01218-00279074-00279288": "And the state versus fed is another caveat,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01219-00279288-00279429": "because we did an,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01220-00279429-00279684": "now, we couldn't look at, like, state level regulations", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01221-00279684-00279870": "directed or associated with aquaculture,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01222-00279870-00280077": "but we could look at them overall", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01223-00280077-00280251": "across the food industry,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01224-00280251-00280458": "and we saw big differences from state to state.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01225-00280458-00280724": "I think the next slide actually shows some of that.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01226-00280724-00281064": "And those differences seemed to line up pretty closely", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01227-00281064-00281313": "with just the overall level of economic activity in state.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01228-00281313-00281730": "So the larger the economy in a state,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01229-00281730-00281919": "the more regulations you tend to define.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01230-00281919-00282114": "So it's not necessarily the case that, like,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01231-00282114-00282366": "regulations are gonna be impeding,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01232-00282366-00282606": "like, economic activity.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01233-00282606-00282804": "But the first slide that we showed you", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01234-00282804-00283005": "certainly seemed to line up with", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01235-00283005-00283299": "some of the rhetoric that we've been hearing.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01236-00283299-00283473": "- Okay, so then the next reason", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01237-00283473-00283662": "why we've seen this long tail opportunity", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01238-00283662-00283974": "is this idea for democratized tools of distribution.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01239-00283974-00284199": "So you have more access to niches which flattens a tail.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01240-00284199-00284508": "Think about Amazon, eBay, iTunes, Netflix.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01241-00284508-00284796": "In the food world, you have things like", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01242-00284796-00285000": "Too Good to Go, which is now a startup", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01243-00285000-00285444": "that's trying to sell unsold food, like, reduce food waste.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01244-00285444-00285627": "Market Wagon in Indianapolis,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01245-00285729-00285897": "Goldbelly I already mentioned.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01246-00285897-00286221": "Barn to Door is creating opportunities for,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01247-00286221-00286479": "to set up online businesses for", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01248-00286479-00286806": "small food businesses and small growers.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01249-00286806-00286938": "There are all of these different things", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01250-00286938-00287021": "that are moving towards this", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01251-00287021-00287187": "democratized tool of production.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01252-00287187-00287352": "Now, this is the one that I wanted to talk about,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01253-00287352-00287481": "because I think this is something that", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01254-00287481-00287766": "has a lot of value relative to our research.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01255-00287766-00287949": "So, there is this, also this push", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01256-00287949-00288165": "toward connecting that supply and demand.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01257-00288165-00288489": "So driving business from the hits to the niches.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01258-00288588-00288849": "Now, this is where things get really complicated,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01259-00288849-00289077": "because, when you have 45,000 options", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01260-00289077-00289221": "on a grocery store shelf,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01261-00289221-00289500": "it's really hard to filter through that noise", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01262-00289500-00289770": "for what you'd wanna find and how you would find it.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01263-00289770-00289953": "So there are all of these different ways", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01264-00289953-00290208": "to try to connect that supply to the demand.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01265-00290208-00290385": "The Great Lakes Fish Finder is is one that", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01266-00290385-00290586": "we were just hearing about.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01267-00290586-00290709": "That's literally trying to do", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01268-00290709-00290937": "exactly what I'm talking about.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01269-00290937-00291020": "Honestly, you know,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01270-00291020-00291228": "you can find a bunch of different examples.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01271-00291228-00291534": "Market Maker is another one that's really popular,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01272-00291534-00291942": "or at least has been developed and promoted by extension.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01273-00291942-00292251": "But even still, Facebook, Twitter,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01274-00292251-00292695": "well, not so much Twitter anymore, but Snapchat, Instagram,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01275-00292695-00292938": "all of these things are trying to connect", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01276-00292938-00293355": "the production to some type of a demand system.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01277-00293355-00293697": "So what we started looking at is what ways,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01278-00293697-00293862": "or, how do people filter?", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01279-00293862-00294123": "That's maybe the best way to say it.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01280-00294123-00294411": "And one thing that we've, kind of, at least heard,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01281-00294411-00294911": "was that import demand to supply chain fraud information,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01282-00294951-00295260": "like, the idea that like, you know what you're getting", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01283-00295260-00295386": "from a small business", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01284-00295386-00295674": "or an aquaculture producer in the Great Lakes region", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01285-00295674-00295833": "versus not really knowing what you're getting", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01286-00295833-00296259": "if you're buying from a Chinese producer, for example.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01287-00296259-00296550": "And in that world, we started looking at", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01288-00296550-00296886": "opportunities where the place of origin, you know,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01289-00296886-00297273": "how people evaluate frozen versus fresh,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01290-00297273-00297390": "the production method,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01291-00297390-00297756": "so is it farmed, or is it no claim, or is it wild caught?", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01292-00297756-00297933": "And then at different price levels,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01293-00297933-00298182": "what's happening as people made these choices.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01294-00298311-00298446": "And what we were finding,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01295-00298446-00298572": "is that there are at least four", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01296-00298572-00298872": "different types of consumers out there.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01297-00298872-00299118": "And the way that each of those consumers", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01298-00299118-00299377": "are willing to connect to their supply", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01299-00299377-00299667": "is probably the most important thing", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01300-00299667-00299841": "to really be thinking about.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01301-00299841-00300102": "You have price-sensitive consumers,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01302-00300102-00300339": "which is probably the largest.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01303-00300339-00300525": "I mean, those are the people that, really,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01304-00300525-00300690": "the rest of the filtration devices,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01305-00300690-00300918": "like, all the labels you can put on it in the world,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01306-00300918-00301191": "if it's not the cheapest, then people aren't gonna buy it.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01307-00301191-00301365": "And those price-sensitive consumers", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01308-00301365-00301536": "really are not super responsive", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01309-00301536-00301662": "to a lot of the different characteristics", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01310-00301662-00301907": "that we might be able to place on a fish product.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01311-00302022-00302241": "Max, do you have any thoughts on that?", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01312-00302241-00302361": "- Let me just add that,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01313-00302361-00302823": "look at the Great Lakes versus the US domestic bars, okay?", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01314-00302823-00303018": "So each bar is, like,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01315-00303018-00303270": "the additional amount somebody will pay", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01316-00303270-00303537": "for a product with that characteristic, okay?", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01317-00303537-00303684": "So, Great Lakes is a characteristic,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01318-00303684-00303867": "if the fish comes from the Great Lakes", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01319-00303867-00304008": "versus if it comes from other,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01320-00304008-00304227": "some other part of the United States.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01321-00304227-00304506": "And across the different types of consumers,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01322-00304506-00304695": "the locavores, the fish lovers,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01323-00304695-00304890": "the salmon lovers, the price-sensitive,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01324-00305004-00305265": "those bars are like the exact same height,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01325-00305265-00305412": "Great Lakes versus US.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01326-00305412-00305841": "So as far as the consumer's concerned,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01327-00305841-00306099": "regardless of the type of the consumer,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01328-00306099-00306291": "if it's a generic fish from the Great Lakes", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01329-00306291-00306471": "or some other fish,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01330-00306471-00306720": "the same fish from a different part of the United States,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01331-00306720-00306870": "they don't really care.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01332-00306870-00307056": "You know, they're not gonna pay a premium", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01333-00307056-00307139": "for a Great Lakes fish.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01334-00307139-00307365": "So that was something that surprised me is, you know,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01335-00307365-00307647": "I've seen a lot about like, selling locally,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01336-00307647-00307947": "and people are willing to pay a premium for local goods,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01337-00307947-00308115": "and that's kind of true,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01338-00308115-00308427": "but maybe the definition of local has to be super narrow.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01339-00308427-00308658": "Like, it's gotta be coming from within, you know,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01340-00308658-00309033": "a few dozen miles of where they're buying their food.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01341-00309033-00309339": "But if it's more regional versus the rest of the country,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01342-00309339-00309528": "it's not gonna make a big difference.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01343-00309528-00309801": "- Yeah, and by the way, this is data.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01344-00309801-00309891": "The paper's not published,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01345-00309891-00310059": "so I'm kind of being a little cagey about it,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01346-00310059-00310497": "but it's data from Great Lakes consumers,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01347-00310497-00310668": "so we only looked at people in the Great Lakes", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01348-00310668-00311028": "because we really were expecting to find this massive bump", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01349-00311028-00311286": "in, kind of, willingness to pay for localness.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01350-00311379-00311541": "And, you know, honestly,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01351-00311541-00311847": "localness is such a complicated topic", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01352-00311847-00312102": "that we could spend hours just talking about", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01353-00312102-00312385": "what local means to different people.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01354-00312385-00312579": "And I've got so many papers on that topic.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01355-00312579-00312777": "- Well, if you go into the research,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01356-00312777-00312915": "there's lots of papers that talk about", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01357-00312915-00313092": "how people are willing to pay more for local products,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01358-00313092-00313347": "but they don't compare it to, like,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01359-00313347-00313776": "other domestic products versus imported products.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01360-00313776-00313891": "And that's what we did.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01361-00313980-00314214": "- So, let's talk about those other papers.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01362-00314214-00314451": "So, Max, you ran this meta-analysis.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01363-00314451-00314550": "You wanna talk about it?", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01364-00314550-00314682": "- Yeah, so like I said,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01365-00314682-00314811": "there's been a lot of research done", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01366-00314811-00315105": "on consumer demand for aquaculture products.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01367-00315105-00315210": "And so, our initial thought was,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01368-00315210-00315495": "rather than kind of reinventing the wheel,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01369-00315495-00315813": "we're gonna go out and look at what has been done before.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01370-00315813-00316113": "So we looked through 20 years of research,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01371-00316113-00316452": "we found 45 papers related to demand", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01372-00316452-00316719": "and what people are willing to pay for aquaculture products.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01373-00316719-00316932": "And we went through all those papers,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01374-00317022-00317265": "the prices that they had identified,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01375-00317265-00317724": "and the types of fish that they were looking at,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01376-00317724-00317934": "where the consumers were coming from.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01377-00317934-00318165": "And we basically put all that into a spreadsheet", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01378-00318165-00318300": "and then went through systematically", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01379-00318300-00318384": "to understand like,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01380-00318384-00318723": "what is it about a certain fish product", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01381-00318723-00319038": "that leads to a given price that you'll see in the market?", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01382-00319038-00319215": "So that was the idea behind this meta-analysis,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01383-00319215-00319626": "was pulling out all this data from 45 papers,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01384-00319626-00320067": "and it ended up being 600 prices that we found.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01385-00320067-00320355": "And so, this graph is kind of summarizing", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01386-00320355-00320802": "the additional amounts that people will pay", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01387-00320802-00320964": "for these characteristics.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01388-00320964-00321312": "And yeah, so like, for example, the fresh characteristic.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01389-00321312-00321477": "That's relative to frozen,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01390-00321477-00321768": "so relative to a frozen fish product,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01391-00321768-00322107": "the typical consumer is willing to pay about $4 more", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01392-00322107-00322365": "for a fresh product versus a frozen product,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01393-00322365-00322620": "holding everything else constant.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01394-00322620-00322893": "And there's the local effect, which is pretty, you know,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01395-00322893-00323073": "pretty much in line with what we are finding", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01396-00323073-00323208": "for Great Lakes products.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01397-00323208-00323413": "So it's, you know, it's two to $3", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01398-00323514-00323700": "that people are willing to pay for a local product.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01399-00323700-00324147": "And so, not much different compared to a domestic product.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01400-00324147-00324318": "A lot of the research that's been done", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01401-00324318-00324645": "is focused on environmental certifications, like,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01402-00324645-00324942": "do people care about how the fish is raised", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01403-00324942-00325275": "and the environmental certifications that may be tied to it,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01404-00325275-00325545": "like, that this is a more sustainably-raised product?", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01405-00325545-00325818": "And the answer seems to be yes, they do care.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01406-00325818-00326283": "It's one of the most valuable characteristics", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01407-00326283-00326438": "that research has been finding.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01408-00326751-00327051": "And we also looked more closely at", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01409-00327051-00327468": "whether or not papers related to products", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01410-00327468-00327585": "from the Great Lakes.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01411-00327585-00327759": "There hasn't been a lot of research done", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01412-00327759-00328164": "on consumers and on farm-raised fish in the Great Lakes.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01413-00328164-00328281": "So ultimately what we did was,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01414-00328281-00328593": "focused on the types of fish", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01415-00328593-00328814": "that other researchers have studied", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01416-00328814-00329016": "that tie back into, like,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01417-00329016-00329208": "the types of fish that are growing in the Great Lakes.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01418-00329208-00329481": "And I won't go into details about", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01419-00329481-00329757": "the actual willingness to pay amounts that we found,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01420-00329757-00330108": "other than, they basically lined up with what we found", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01421-00330108-00330369": "across all of the studies that we were looking at.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01422-00330369-00330696": "So, there wasn't anything super unique", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01423-00330696-00330969": "about Great Lakes fish products", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01424-00330969-00331188": "that would lead us to different conclusions about", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01425-00331188-00331458": "Great Lakes consumers versus other types of consumers.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01426-00331737-00331860": "- Oh, yeah, I already have that.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01427-00331860-00332118": "Okay, so this is what I,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01428-00332118-00332421": "when I think about like, what's going on here,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01429-00332421-00332642": "why are we looking at all these different labels?", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01430-00332642-00332799": "What's going on?", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01431-00332799-00333015": "It's because everybody's trying to filter.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01432-00333015-00333330": "Everybody has too many options and they get overwhelmed.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01433-00333330-00333729": "It's easier to find the red ball in this pile of balls", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01434-00333729-00334125": "when there's only six balls than when there's 24.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01435-00334125-00334416": "And it's so hard because of fatigue,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01436-00334416-00334608": "over-commitment, and complexity,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01437-00334608-00334878": "that you almost can't analyze every choice", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01438-00334878-00335166": "or every component in a product.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01439-00335166-00335403": "It's just, it's too much, at this point.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01440-00335403-00335571": "Everybody has a cognitive constraint,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01441-00335571-00335754": "and we're hitting these cognitive constraints", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01442-00335754-00336015": "when it comes to our marketing strategy.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01443-00336015-00336285": "So, there has to be these filters.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01444-00336285-00336423": "The filter that's the most obvious,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01445-00336423-00336618": "and the most common that people talk about,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01446-00336618-00336759": "is gonna be price.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01447-00336759-00337005": "Now, if you're a large producer,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01448-00337005-00337281": "you can compete on economies at a scale on price.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01449-00337281-00337509": "We all know, if you are a small producer,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01450-00337509-00337656": "it is going to be difficult for you", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01451-00337656-00337911": "to be able to match the price of the larger player.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01452-00338001-00338256": "So what needs to happen is,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01453-00338256-00338533": "as we move into that long tail that I was talking about,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01454-00338533-00338913": "there needs to be an even better filter", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01455-00338913-00339162": "on how to try to reach those people.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01456-00339162-00339369": "So, limited shelf space, historically,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01457-00339369-00339525": "the filtering mechanism.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01458-00339525-00339768": "But now we have so many different options", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01459-00339768-00340164": "that it is so easy for us to cut market niches", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01460-00340164-00340293": "over and over and over again,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01461-00340293-00340452": "whether it's environmental, or it's local,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01462-00340452-00340575": "or whatever it is,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01463-00340575-00340731": "that we have to figure out", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01464-00340731-00340932": "how to filter through all of that noise", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01465-00340932-00341076": "in our marketing strategy", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01466-00341076-00341247": "so that we can actually reach that customer", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01467-00341247-00341580": "that wants our product, or that could want our product.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01468-00341580-00341877": "Okay, so this is a paper that I published a few years ago", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01469-00341877-00342024": "on choice overload and beer.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01470-00342114-00342453": "And basically what I did, is I convinced a brewery,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01471-00342453-00342774": "or, I'm sorry, a bar, to double their number of beers on tap", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01472-00342774-00342857": "to see what would happen in", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01473-00342857-00343071": "the likelihood that somebody would order a beer.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01474-00343071-00343410": "And I'm not gonna, like, make you understand this map,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01475-00343410-00343731": "but basically what this figure is saying is,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01476-00343731-00344028": "if I double the number of beers, just do nothing else,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01477-00344028-00344205": "just double the number of beers,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01478-00344205-00344454": "I would see a decrease in the chance", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01479-00344454-00344619": "that somebody would order a beer.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01480-00344706-00344901": "So, increasing the number of beers", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01481-00344901-00345114": "makes it harder for people to choose.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01482-00345114-00345222": "Now the caveat is,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01483-00345222-00345492": "if I just added a beer advocate score to the menu,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01484-00345492-00345660": "so all of the sudden I gave them a score", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01485-00345660-00345801": "of one to a hundred,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01486-00345801-00346083": "I could eliminate that choice overload problem.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01487-00346083-00346491": "So, any type of filtration on that bar list,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01488-00346491-00346593": "or that bar menu,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01489-00346593-00346830": "is going to eliminate that choice overload problem.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01490-00346830-00347142": "It's gonna help people make choices cognitively.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01491-00347142-00347265": "All right?", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01492-00347265-00347388": "And so, when we think about", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01493-00347388-00347535": "how we try to reach these people,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01494-00347535-00348009": "I think that we assume that viral marketing looks like this.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01495-00348009-00348345": "I post my stuff online, I share that with two people,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01496-00348345-00348516": "those two people share that with two people,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01497-00348516-00348729": "those people share that with two people.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01498-00348729-00348933": "This is not how it works, okay?", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01499-00348933-00349173": "So, I don't have kids,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01500-00349173-00349380": "but I know about this \"Baby Shark\" video,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01501-00349380-00349545": "or this \"Baby Shark\" song,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01502-00349545-00349791": "because I was a camp counselor when I was in college.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01503-00349791-00350076": "I sang this stupid song at least two times a day", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01504-00350076-00350217": "for four summers.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01505-00350217-00350385": "I know this song.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01506-00350385-00350646": "I knew it, but it didn't go viral back then.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01507-00350646-00350817": "I couldn't have made it go viral.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01508-00350817-00351195": "It wasn't until, it's a group called Pinkfong,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01509-00351195-00351423": "they are the ones that really stepped in,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01510-00351423-00351687": "took this, and made that thing go viral.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01511-00351687-00351861": "So your goal needs to be,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01512-00351861-00352113": "share as much content as possible,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01513-00352113-00352395": "and hope and try to find these mavens,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01514-00352395-00352578": "or these filtering mechanisms,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01515-00352578-00352953": "that can send your product out to a broader audience.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01516-00352953-00353175": "So, what does that mean for strategy?", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01517-00353175-00353391": "Well, this is an example.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01518-00353391-00353616": "That's a very narrow example,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01519-00353616-00353811": "but this is exactly what I'm talking about.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01520-00353811-00353925": "So I got married last summer.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01521-00353925-00354075": "We had seven days to plan the wedding", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01522-00354075-00354318": "because of Covid and everything else.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01523-00354318-00354618": "We got lucky, and there was a hotel in a very, very,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01524-00354618-00354701": "where my family's from,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01525-00354701-00354966": "a very, very rural part of Oklahoma.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01526-00354966-00355218": "They had converted this old broke-down hotel", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01527-00355218-00355437": "into a really beautiful new hotel.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01528-00355539-00355866": "They did not know how to get their product on the list.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01529-00355866-00356118": "It's a town of 900 people.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01530-00356118-00356478": "So, the way that you can make them go Oklahoma-viral", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01531-00356478-00356634": "is that you have an event,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01532-00356634-00356820": "and then you have that event be shared,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01533-00356820-00357024": "and you try to connect to the places", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01534-00357024-00357363": "that there are strategic relationships with other people", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01535-00357363-00357609": "who might be willing to use that service.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01536-00357609-00357825": "So, when I had my wedding,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01537-00357825-00358032": "I reached out to KOSU and NPR", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01538-00358032-00358287": "and they did an audio diary about my wedding.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01539-00358287-00358590": "And that was, if you wanna think about it,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01540-00358590-00359055": "that audio diary ended up in more ears", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01541-00359055-00359208": "than just about anything they could have done", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01542-00359208-00359475": "on their own Facebook page, okay?", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01543-00359475-00359637": "So, trying to make those partnerships", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01544-00359637-00359787": "is how you can really start", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01545-00359787-00359988": "cutting through some of that noise", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01546-00359988-00360213": "with these marketing segments.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01547-00360213-00360333": "So the punchline here, though,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01548-00360333-00360489": "is that you don't have to be for everyone.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01549-00360489-00360600": "You need to choose your battles.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01550-00360600-00360876": "If you're working with a small production team,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01551-00360876-00360990": "you really need to understand", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01552-00360990-00361233": "exactly where the opportunities are.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01553-00361233-00361404": "So the first thing that you do,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01554-00361404-00361551": "is you need to think about developing", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01555-00361551-00361698": "a minimum viable product.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01556-00361698-00361845": "This book, \"The Lean Startup\" is really helpful", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01557-00361845-00361974": "in making you think about that.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01558-00361974-00362292": "The goal here is to start, don't try to, like,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01559-00362292-00362424": "everybody's been to that restaurant", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01560-00362424-00362700": "that has way too many things on their menu,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01561-00362700-00362889": "and so then you just have to ask the filter,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01562-00362889-00363279": "which is the waiter, \"What is it that's popular here?", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01563-00363279-00363606": "Because there's no way y'all do tacos", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01564-00363606-00363876": "as well as you do pizza as well as you do cheeseburgers.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01565-00363876-00364200": "Pick one, and tell me which one is the best.\"", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01566-00364200-00364440": "You have to find that minimum viable product", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01567-00364440-00364692": "and then you build from the minimum viable product.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01568-00364692-00364929": "Step two is you have to identify", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01569-00364929-00365166": "the smallest viable market, okay?", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01570-00365166-00365445": "So, don't think that you're gonna end up", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01571-00365445-00365619": "on the Walmart shelf immediately.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01572-00365619-00365739": "The better strategy is,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01573-00365739-00366126": "maybe to try to identify the small restaurants", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01574-00366126-00366291": "that are starting to develop a cult-following", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01575-00366291-00366456": "and sell into those places.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01576-00366456-00366663": "Maybe start developing relationships", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01577-00366663-00366813": "with your university personnel", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01578-00366813-00367074": "that are hosting events across the state", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01579-00367074-00367314": "that wanna do, kind of, buy local campaigns.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01580-00367314-00367620": "Maybe Pure Michigan or somebody is wanting to do an event,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01581-00367620-00368070": "and they want to showcase Great Lakes fish production.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01582-00368070-00368265": "But you have to identify the smallest viable market", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01583-00368265-00368568": "that you know, personally, that you can dominate.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01584-00368568-00368718": "And then you take that market,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01585-00368718-00368991": "and then you leverage into the big next market.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01586-00368991-00369210": "These are two really good books.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01587-00369210-00369363": "One is more kind of tech,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01588-00369363-00369630": "but it's very helpful to think about.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01589-00369747-00370002": "Okay, so, where we're moving from here", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01590-00370002-00370146": "is really to start looking", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01591-00370146-00370383": "for these smallest viable markets.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01592-00370383-00370560": "So that's probably the next year of the work", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01593-00370560-00370680": "that I'm doing on aquaculture,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01594-00370680-00370965": "is really trying to step into understanding,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01595-00370965-00371220": "you know, if it's local, great,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01596-00371220-00371529": "but if it is local, how is it local?", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01597-00371529-00371739": "Who are the people that we're really trying to target", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01598-00371739-00371934": "in our local marketing campaigns?", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01599-00372036-00372297": "You know, and if people in the Great Lakes", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01600-00372297-00372474": "don't like Great Lakes labeling,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01601-00372474-00372636": "maybe they like a different label.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01602-00372636-00372795": "Maybe they want to see something", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01603-00372795-00373056": "that looks a little bit more unique, I don't know.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01604-00373056-00373341": "Maybe it's about this environmental consciousness.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01605-00373341-00373569": "But identifying these smallest viable markets", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01606-00373569-00373755": "are, I think, the next stages of", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01607-00373755-00374015": "at least what I'm planning on doing on this project.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01608-00374118-00374328": "So that's what we had prepared.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01609-00374424-00374655": "Most of that, Max didn't know we were gonna talk about,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01610-00374655-00375039": "but, I don't know what the timeframe is from here,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01611-00375039-00375219": "but, happy to take any questions,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01612-00375219-00375441": "or I'm pretty easy to get ahold of, too.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01613-00375552-00375795": "- Think we have some time for questions.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01614-00375795-00375885": "- Thanks, you two.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01615-00376035-00376256": "We do have two questions.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01616-00376256-00376374": "I'm just gonna put them out there,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01617-00376374-00376527": "and whoever wants to answer.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01618-00376638-00377052": "So if, Stuart, you wanna come on camera as well.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01619-00377052-00377295": "The question was, \"Does Sea Grant or Commerce", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01620-00377295-00377622": "have financing programs for commercial fishers", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01621-00377622-00377868": "that could be transitioned to aquaculture,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01622-00377868-00378161": "like some USDA guaranteed loan programs?\"", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01623-00378459-00378633": "- Well, I can't answer that for Department of Commerce,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01624-00378633-00378717": "but that's not the type of stuff", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01625-00378717-00378933": "that Sea Grant has typically done", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01626-00378933-00379209": "in terms of, like, direct assistance or loan programs.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01627-00379209-00379354": "It's a good question, though.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01628-00379452-00379587": "That might be something we would look into", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01629-00379587-00379755": "with the Great Lakes Aquaculture Collaborative", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01630-00379755-00379990": "to be able to answer that for DoC specifically.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01631-00380145-00380228": "- Thank you.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01632-00380331-00380436": "A second question.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01633-00380436-00380682": "\"In reference to niche markets,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01634-00380682-00381024": "are there any research efforts accomplished or underway", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01635-00381024-00381234": "for the niche aquaculture sector", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01636-00381234-00381563": "that involves macro or microalgae farming?\"", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01637-00381975-00382068": "- Not that I'm aware of,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01638-00382068-00382503": "but I think it's a really interesting conversation there.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01639-00382503-00382746": "So, we're working on a few things at Arkansas", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01640-00382746-00383046": "to just talk about how to develop your own tools", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01641-00383046-00383223": "to understand how to, kind of,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01642-00383223-00383400": "think through your own niches.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01643-00383496-00383808": "And that's, you know, I think there's,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01644-00383892-00384162": "every place is different.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01645-00384162-00384354": "So, I know I keep talking about beer,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01646-00384354-00384798": "but I drink beer, and moving down to Arkansas,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01647-00384798-00385095": "you see this wildly disparate culture", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01648-00385095-00385278": "as it relates to beer, right?", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01649-00385278-00385650": "So in Little Rock, somebody mentioned Little Rock,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01650-00385650-00385761": "I'm in Fayetteville.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01651-00385761-00385920": "Fayetteville's seen a doubling of breweries", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01652-00385920-00386112": "in the last four years.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01653-00386112-00386415": "In Little Rock, the breweries got cut in half.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01654-00386415-00386739": "We're in the same state, we have about the same population,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01655-00386739-00386946": "but the demand for the same product", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01656-00386946-00387234": "is completely different in those two towns.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01657-00387234-00387450": "And so, when it comes to trying to", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01658-00387450-00387660": "think through your own business strategy,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01659-00387660-00388062": "it's really important to know thyself and know thy consumer,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01660-00388062-00388365": "specifically, intimately, as well as possible.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01661-00388365-00388497": "I mean, a lot of this stuff,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01662-00388497-00388611": "when it comes to small businesses,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01663-00388611-00388782": "is relationship marketing.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01664-00388782-00388911": "And if you don't understand", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01665-00388911-00389088": "who you're in the relationship with,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01666-00389088-00389304": "you're gonna end up in a really rocky divorce.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01667-00389304-00389631": "And so, I would love to talk more about that,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01668-00389631-00389805": "but I would also love to try to work on", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01669-00389805-00390009": "developing some of the toolkit", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01670-00390009-00390342": "for you to be able to ultimately evaluate", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01671-00390342-00390480": "over and over and over again", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01672-00390480-00390711": "where that consumer marketing strategy works,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01673-00390711-00390930": "so you can update what I said was, what I mentioned,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01674-00390930-00391104": "the minimum viable product strategy,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01675-00391104-00391236": "that's exactly what I'm talking about.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01676-00391236-00391527": "You try a product, and then you see how it goes,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01677-00391527-00391797": "do some survey work, and then try something different,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01678-00391797-00392097": "and then see how it goes, and just keep running that circle.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01679-00392247-00392361": "- Okay.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01680-00392361-00392538": "Well, we are about to wrap up.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01681-00392538-00392778": "I'd like to give our presenters the opportunity", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01682-00392778-00393123": "for any final thoughts before we close out,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01683-00393123-00393288": "and then we will end the webinar.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01684-00393879-00393962": "- Thank you, everybody.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01685-00393962-00394059": "I don't have any concluding thoughts", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01686-00394059-00394194": "other than this has been great work,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01687-00394194-00394410": "and it's always inspiring to work with farmers,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01688-00394410-00394713": "frankly, fish farmers or crop farmers.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01689-00394713-00394875": "Really resilient, interesting group of people.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01690-00394875-00395145": "And Benjamin Balcomb, who I don't know,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01691-00395145-00395415": "wants to add some helpful links, and he asks if that's okay.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01692-00395415-00395697": "I think the answer is yes, we love helpful links.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01693-00395697-00395842": "The more helpful, the better.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01694-00395970-00396237": "So, speaking for Nicole there, that's my closing thought.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01695-00396237-00396367": "The more help, the better.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01696-00396594-00396677": "- All right.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01697-00396677-00397020": "Trey or Max, anything to close us out?", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01698-00397020-00397122": "- No, not for me.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01699-00397122-00397224": "Thank you very much.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01700-00397482-00397698": "- We covered a lot of papers.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01701-00397698-00397851": "I know it didn't really feel like that,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01702-00397851-00398244": "but, if you have any questions about the specific papers,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01703-00398244-00398559": "or, like, we mentioned something, feel free to reach out.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01704-00398559-00398642": "I think we've,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01705-00398642-00399024": "Max, how many papers have we published on this, eight?", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01706-00399024-00399219": "- Yeah, something like that. - So, I mean,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01707-00399219-00399420": "it's a lot of content,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01708-00399420-00399600": "and it's specific to different things,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01709-00399600-00399786": "so feel free to reach out if you have any, like,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01710-00399786-00400083": "specific econ questions that you'd like to see what we did.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01711-00400266-00400349": "- All right.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01712-00400349-00400476": "Well, with that, we're gonna wrap it up.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01713-00400476-00400797": "Thanks to Stuart, Max, and Trey,", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01714-00400797-00400958": "and we will see you next time.", "gx4IJ4ULaOE-01715-00400958-00401083": "- Thanks y'all."}}, {"audio_id": "gx5WjdGcPco", "text": {"gx5WjdGcPco-00000-00000039-00000463": "In the last video, we looked at some of the inputs that we can provide to a", "gx5WjdGcPco-00001-00000463-00000976": "neural network. For example, we can use encodings.", "gx5WjdGcPco-00002-00000976-00001616": "This is an example of one hot encoding, where you would represent each word", "gx5WjdGcPco-00003-00001616-00002096": "with a field in a vector. If you have three words, then you have a vector with", "gx5WjdGcPco-00004-00002096-00002448": "three fields, you could use embeddings where you have,", "gx5WjdGcPco-00005-00002448-00003024": "for example a 200 length vector and the fields are the", "gx5WjdGcPco-00006-00003024-00003423": "properties of the words that surround the original word, so", "gx5WjdGcPco-00007-00003423-00003887": "if it's a word like king, the weights for", "gx5WjdGcPco-00008-00003887-00004496": "possible neighbors of that word, you could have then encodings, embeddings,", "gx5WjdGcPco-00009-00004496-00004887": "you could have audio data, for example or data extracted", "gx5WjdGcPco-00010-00004887-00005264": "from spectrogram, from a recording of human voice,", "gx5WjdGcPco-00011-00005264-00005632": "you could have video data, for sign language, for example where you can", "gx5WjdGcPco-00012-00005632-00006103": "detect the depth and motion of hands but also", "gx5WjdGcPco-00013-00006103-00006568": "of parts of people's faces. And now let's take a moment to consider", "gx5WjdGcPco-00014-00006568-00007072": "what kind of outputs we can get from a neural network.", "gx5WjdGcPco-00015-00007072-00007376": "Most algorithms are going to give you a vector", "gx5WjdGcPco-00016-00007376-00007872": "as an output, or a sequence of vectors as an output.", "gx5WjdGcPco-00017-00007872-00008472": "For example, they could be like the logit passed through a softmax, or if", "gx5WjdGcPco-00018-00008472-00008943": "you have a vocabulary of 10 000 words, each of them will have a", "gx5WjdGcPco-00019-00008943-00009168": "probability, and then there will be one word with a", "gx5WjdGcPco-00020-00009168-00009488": "very high probability, the word buy for example,", "gx5WjdGcPco-00021-00009488-00009884": "and then you know that the word - that the network is giving you the word", "gx5WjdGcPco-00022-00009884-00010311": "buy. This could also happen with visual networks, where you can have,", "gx5WjdGcPco-00023-00010311-00010736": "for example, 10 numbers, handwritten numbers,", "gx5WjdGcPco-00024-00010736-00011120": "and there's an output vector of 10, and if the highest value", "gx5WjdGcPco-00025-00011120-00011511": "is in the zeroth position, it's the number zero. If the highest value is in", "gx5WjdGcPco-00026-00011511-00011784": "the fifth position, then it's the number five,", "gx5WjdGcPco-00027-00011784-00012288": "and so forth. So neural networks are always going to give you", "gx5WjdGcPco-00028-00012288-00012647": "some form of vector representing what could be", "gx5WjdGcPco-00029-00012647-00013023": "a word, for example, or a sequence of vectors", "gx5WjdGcPco-00030-00013023-00013400": "for words in a sentence.", "gx5WjdGcPco-00031-00013416-00013831": "But doing that gives you enormous flexibility to get", "gx5WjdGcPco-00032-00013831-00014384": "all sorts of really interesting tasks. For example, we could do neural text", "gx5WjdGcPco-00033-00014384-00014800": "generation, where we provide some words to the", "gx5WjdGcPco-00034-00014800-00015056": "program, like The spaceship entered orbit around", "gx5WjdGcPco-00035-00015056-00015423": "the planet, and then the neural network is going to try to guess", "gx5WjdGcPco-00036-00015423-00015736": "the next word and the next word and the next word,", "gx5WjdGcPco-00037-00015736-00016072": "and this is an example of uh what the site", "gx5WjdGcPco-00038-00016072-00016431": "talked to the transformer did. Once in orbit, the ship jumped to hyperspace,", "gx5WjdGcPco-00039-00016431-00016672": "leaving the planet. It then began traveling in an elliptical pattern", "gx5WjdGcPco-00040-00016672-00017120": "moving up towards the spherica. That's very good English! That uh this", "gx5WjdGcPco-00041-00017120-00017384": "generates very good English and i urge you to", "gx5WjdGcPco-00042-00017384-00017880": "go to the website and give it a try. This model is called the GPT-2.", "gx5WjdGcPco-00043-00017880-00018223": "It's a kind of transformer. We'll look at them in", "gx5WjdGcPco-00044-00018223-00018592": "the next videos. It has a training set of 40 gigabytes,", "gx5WjdGcPco-00045-00018592-00019031": "of 8 million web pages, and the whole neural network has about 1.5", "gx5WjdGcPco-00046-00019031-00019568": "billion parameters, so weights and neurons and things you can set.", "gx5WjdGcPco-00047-00019568-00019920": "So it's not small or easy to run as you can see.", "gx5WjdGcPco-00048-00019920-00020312": "But it generates very good English. And again what this does", "gx5WjdGcPco-00049-00020312-00020976": "is that you get a word like spaceship, and then the network will give", "gx5WjdGcPco-00050-00020976-00021392": "you the output entered, or word like elliptical,", "gx5WjdGcPco-00051-00021392-00021695": "and the network will give you the output pattern,", "gx5WjdGcPco-00052-00021695-00022023": "so it generates the next word and in this,", "gx5WjdGcPco-00053-00022023-00022456": "in doing this, it's a language model.", "gx5WjdGcPco-00054-00022487-00022831": "The network can perform these kinds of networks, and perform many tasks, for", "gx5WjdGcPco-00055-00022831-00023279": "example, filling out missing words. If you have a", "gx5WjdGcPco-00056-00023279-00023759": "sentence like I want to ___ the car because it is cheap,", "gx5WjdGcPco-00057-00023759-00024136": "and you provide that to a type of structure called a BERT,", "gx5WjdGcPco-00058-00024136-00024440": "the BERT will correctly predict that what was masked was", "gx5WjdGcPco-00059-00024440-00024800": "the word buy. And as a matter of fact, you will find", "gx5WjdGcPco-00060-00024800-00025136": "this code in your canvas, the code to get a BERT", "gx5WjdGcPco-00061-00025136-00025879": "to guess a missing word in the input. This model is - has 24 layers.", "gx5WjdGcPco-00062-00025879-00026632": "The layers have 1024 uh it's hidden, I think it's 1024 neurons", "gx5WjdGcPco-00063-00026632-00027047": "in the hidden layers, 16 of something called attention heads,", "gx5WjdGcPco-00064-00027047-00027536": "and it has a it has 340 million parameters. So it's very large as", "gx5WjdGcPco-00065-00027536-00027895": "well. So what this does is it looks at a", "gx5WjdGcPco-00066-00027895-00028263": "sentence, and then finds the gap, and tries to see what", "gx5WjdGcPco-00067-00028263-00028632": "could have gone there in the middle.", "gx5WjdGcPco-00068-00028775-00029080": "Let's look at this example.", "gx5WjdGcPco-00069-00029160-00029672": "A network called a sequence to sequence encodes the sentence and passes", "gx5WjdGcPco-00070-00029672-00029880": "something to another neural network that gives you", "gx5WjdGcPco-00071-00029880-00030552": "I am a student. So this type of neural network", "gx5WjdGcPco-00072-00030552-00031136": "gets je and output some vector, then takes these two things je and", "gx5WjdGcPco-00073-00031136-00031416": "the vector, and sends it to - it to the one vector,", "gx5WjdGcPco-00074-00031760-00032119": "and the decoder starts sending you I am a", "gx5WjdGcPco-00075-00032119-00032608": "student, one at a time and see -  each of them is a sequence of works,", "gx5WjdGcPco-00076-00032608-00033263": "and the encoder passes a vector to the decoder.", "gx5WjdGcPco-00077-00033263-00033616": "In doing this a neural network can do translation", "gx5WjdGcPco-00078-00033616-00034047": "of one language from the other as you can see here.", "gx5WjdGcPco-00079-00034200-00034847": "Neural networks can take images or sound and classify it. So for example they can", "gx5WjdGcPco-00080-00034847-00035152": "see a part of a spectrogram and tell you that", "gx5WjdGcPco-00081-00035152-00035856": "the sound e was present there. And if it does this with more and more", "gx5WjdGcPco-00082-00035856-00036256": "sounds, it'll slowly give you a dictated form of the words in the", "gx5WjdGcPco-00083-00036256-00036847": "sound wave. For example, it could give you -", "gx5WjdGcPco-00084-00036847-00037303": "as you can see the images, you get an image, you transform it into a matrix and", "gx5WjdGcPco-00085-00037303-00037816": "then you get, for example. the transcription into from ASL", "gx5WjdGcPco-00086-00037816-00038256": "sign - sign spelling to English.", "gx5WjdGcPco-00087-00038312-00038663": "One very cool thing that neural networks can do, that deep learning can do,", "gx5WjdGcPco-00088-00038663-00039160": "is that it can take multi-modal inputs and outputs. So it can convert", "gx5WjdGcPco-00089-00039160-00039575": "an image into a natural language description of the image,", "gx5WjdGcPco-00090-00039575-00040047": "a herd of zebras, or it could take a natural language description, and then", "gx5WjdGcPco-00091-00040047-00040584": "try to generate a picture that matches that description.", "gx5WjdGcPco-00092-00040696-00041008": "Neural networks can do things like provide um", "gx5WjdGcPco-00093-00041008-00041440": "answer windows. So this is something that BERTs can do,", "gx5WjdGcPco-00094-00041440-00041944": "for example, there's a training set called the Stanford squad", "gx5WjdGcPco-00095-00041944-00042368": "for questions and answers. And so what the data set has", "gx5WjdGcPco-00096-00042368-00042728": "is questions like, what causes precipitation to fall,", "gx5WjdGcPco-00097-00042728-00043063": "it has contexts where you can get the answer,", "gx5WjdGcPco-00098-00043063-00043344": "in meteorology, precipitation is a product of condensation, of I'm sorry,", "gx5WjdGcPco-00099-00043344-00043856": "water vapor, that falls under gravity. And then the answer gravity.", "gx5WjdGcPco-00100-00043856-00044231": "And what this network learns to do is to find two", "gx5WjdGcPco-00101-00044231-00044928": "numbers, the start of the string that can the index of the string for the", "gx5WjdGcPco-00102-00044928-00045391": "start of the answer, and the index for the end of the string,", "gx5WjdGcPco-00103-00045391-00045759": "of the end of the answer in the string. So let me say that again.", "gx5WjdGcPco-00104-00045759-00046208": "What it learns are two numbers, the part of the string where the answer begins,", "gx5WjdGcPco-00105-00046208-00046591": "and the part of the string with the answer ends, gravity.", "gx5WjdGcPco-00106-00046591-00046959": "For example, BERTS can be adapted to many things, but this is one way that they can", "gx5WjdGcPco-00107-00046959-00047400": "do it. So as you can see, this is just", "gx5WjdGcPco-00108-00047400-00047768": "a sampling of what they can do. These structures", "gx5WjdGcPco-00109-00047768-00048112": "can generate, are very flexible. It can generate all sorts of", "gx5WjdGcPco-00110-00048112-00048631": "outputs. Neural networks, in general, deep learning models take", "gx5WjdGcPco-00111-00048631-00048975": "vectors or sequences of vectors as inputs,", "gx5WjdGcPco-00112-00048975-00049368": "and they produce all sorts, they produce vectors or sequences of", "gx5WjdGcPco-00113-00049368-00049728": "vectors as outputs. But we can use these as the next", "gx5WjdGcPco-00114-00049728-00050208": "word in a sentence, the foreign language version", "gx5WjdGcPco-00115-00050208-00050752": "of a word in our language, the point in a paragraph which - where you", "gx5WjdGcPco-00116-00050752-00051351": "have the answer to the question, the spell - the the written version of", "gx5WjdGcPco-00117-00051351-00051703": "some sound, and there's for example the written", "gx5WjdGcPco-00118-00051703-00052103": "description of a picture. So there's many ways that", "gx5WjdGcPco-00119-00052103-00052464": "these structures can help us because they", "gx5WjdGcPco-00120-00052464-00052760": "have some internal knowledge about language. They are", "gx5WjdGcPco-00121-00052760-00053224": "language models, but as we'll see in the final video of the week,", "gx5WjdGcPco-00122-00053224-00053695": "these are very opaque language models, and it's really difficult to understand", "gx5WjdGcPco-00123-00053695-00054120": "what is it exactly that the computer knows about language.", "gx5WjdGcPco-00124-00054120-00054520": "In the next few videos, we will look at deep learning and how we can apply deep", "gx5WjdGcPco-00125-00054520-00054983": "learning in natural language processes."}}, {"audio_id": "gxiDb88PMEU", "text": {"gxiDb88PMEU-00000-00000008-00000536": "should you actually be investing in minamoto in rise of kingdoms in 2022", "gxiDb88PMEU-00001-00000624-00001376": "what's going on guys cheers so ever since the museum came into the game and minamoto got his own", "gxiDb88PMEU-00002-00001376-00001960": "relic a lot of players have been talking about him many people were quick to comment on my last video", "gxiDb88PMEU-00003-00001960-00002560": "talking about how good the reports were with Xiang Yu and minamoto secondary in a rally scenario", "gxiDb88PMEU-00004-00002560-00003024": "and of course we saw other content creators testing minamoto out seeing how good he actually", "gxiDb88PMEU-00005-00003024-00003584": "is because if you guys didn't know minamoto got a significant buff with his new relic he got", "gxiDb88PMEU-00006-00003584-00004216": "45 of stats that's an insane amount of stats which sounds like a no-brainer right i mean if", "gxiDb88PMEU-00007-00004216-00004864": "you're looking at a legendary commander who gets 45 of stats that's just it's raw stats it's insane", "gxiDb88PMEU-00008-00004864-00005288": "so i'm here to talk about this with you guys and we're going to be breaking it all down now for", "gxiDb88PMEU-00009-00005288-00005760": "this first part of the video i want to go over the skills of minamoto as well as the talent builds", "gxiDb88PMEU-00010-00005760-00006264": "that i think you should use this is mainly for those players who are new to the game or maybe", "gxiDb88PMEU-00011-00006264-00006792": "you just need a refresher as to what minimoto does because you got him so long ago you haven't really", "gxiDb88PMEU-00012-00006792-00007264": "considered him there will be timestamps you can skip this section if you already know everything", "gxiDb88PMEU-00013-00007264-00007808": "about minamoto and you just want to know my opinions so minamoto is a single target damage", "gxiDb88PMEU-00014-00007808-00008456": "factor machine he is an absolute beast at dealing insane amounts of single target damage factor", "gxiDb88PMEU-00015-00008456-00009136": "to one target his primary skill when he's not expertised is dealing a 1400 damage factor with", "gxiDb88PMEU-00016-00009136-00009752": "a 50 chance of dealing an additional 600 damage factor each second for two seconds we can see", "gxiDb88PMEU-00017-00009752-00010312": "that here so that's a 50 chance of almost doubling the amount of damage factor that he's doing which", "gxiDb88PMEU-00018-00010312-00010952": "is really nice when he's expertised there's a 75 chance that he's almost doubling that active", "gxiDb88PMEU-00019-00010952-00011416": "skill damage which is crazy i mean that really is incredible if you look at even the newest", "gxiDb88PMEU-00020-00011416-00011992": "greatest commander somebody like gilgamesh he only deals 1500 damage factor to a single target", "gxiDb88PMEU-00021-00011992-00012528": "now gilgamesh does have an insane health debuff so that is where a lot of his power comes from", "gxiDb88PMEU-00022-00012528-00013119": "but from a raw damage perspective minamoto really does go toe to toe with the best of them when it", "gxiDb88PMEU-00023-00013119-00013600": "comes to damage factor now there's really only one other thing about minamoto that's really great and", "gxiDb88PMEU-00024-00013600-00014216": "we'll talk about that in a second but his second skill is strictly for cavalry and you get 10 march", "gxiDb88PMEU-00025-00014216-00014824": "speed 20 attack this really sort of falls short in today's meta especially the season of conquest", "gxiDb88PMEU-00026-00014824-00015376": "commanders this is just not that much stats uh which is why people don't really use him in season", "gxiDb88PMEU-00027-00015376-00016016": "conquest but now that he has 45 more stats people are starting to reconsider his third skill only", "gxiDb88PMEU-00028-00016016-00016520": "for dealing damage to barbarians this is actually one of the things that minamoto does shine", "gxiDb88PMEU-00029-00016520-00016968": "at uh which sounds weird like killing barbarians whatever but he's very good for pve and we'll", "gxiDb88PMEU-00030-00016968-00017456": "talk about that later his fourth skill is really interesting i think this is what a lot of people", "gxiDb88PMEU-00031-00017456-00018024": "forget about minamoto is that this debuff is really actually pretty powerful there's a 10", "gxiDb88PMEU-00032-00018024-00018704": "chance that the target takes 30 increased damage for three seconds and you can trigger once every", "gxiDb88PMEU-00033-00018704-00019072": "five seconds which is really really nice so if you're hitting a target and it starts to", "gxiDb88PMEU-00034-00019072-00019552": "get swarmed that target is going to take 30 more damage from everybody who's hitting it", "gxiDb88PMEU-00035-00019552-00020032": "this is especially good in things like arc of osiris for example if you're hitting a structure", "gxiDb88PMEU-00036-00020032-00020488": "you could swarm it which is really good and swarming structures and swarming players", "gxiDb88PMEU-00037-00020488-00021072": "obviously players has been a thing that has been more popular lately just brute forcing things", "gxiDb88PMEU-00038-00021128-00021728": "has become really really popular which is really interesting to see so this is this warlord fourth", "gxiDb88PMEU-00039-00021728-00022288": "skill is definitely one that i think players do forget about and we've already discussed his", "gxiDb88PMEU-00040-00022288-00022920": "expertise when it comes to open field pvp combat this is my favorite talent build for minimoto", "gxiDb88PMEU-00041-00022920-00023384": "you go all the way to the end of the cavalry tree just get everything in here you also", "gxiDb88PMEU-00042-00023384-00023904": "obviously want undying fury for the additional rage and minamoto is one of the commanders that", "gxiDb88PMEU-00043-00023904-00024344": "does actually benefit from latent power which is important because a lot of your skill damage is", "gxiDb88PMEU-00044-00024344-00024824": "gonna come from that additional damage so that's really nice there you grab the herald shield and", "gxiDb88PMEU-00045-00024824-00025208": "tactical mastery i think that stuff is really self-explanatory and then you throw your last", "gxiDb88PMEU-00046-00025208-00025664": "point in this health right in the middle of the cavalry tree i'm not a huge fan of equestrian", "gxiDb88PMEU-00047-00025664-00026080": "excellence but it's up to you if you want that instead of a latent power i don't really think", "gxiDb88PMEU-00048-00026080-00026504": "it's a great choice if you wanted to just like hop out of your city and poke a target", "gxiDb88PMEU-00049-00026504-00026936": "then maybe you could go all the way up to feral nature instead of going all the way up to rally", "gxiDb88PMEU-00050-00026936-00027583": "and cry but realistically i feel like after kvk1 you're never really going to use minamoto as a", "gxiDb88PMEU-00051-00027583-00028104": "primary unless you're doing pve content and right now i think a lot of players are talking about", "gxiDb88PMEU-00052-00028104-00028600": "minamoto as a secondary commander to somebody like Xiang Yu so we're going to talk about that in just", "gxiDb88PMEU-00053-00028600-00029056": "a second okay so we know minamoto deals tons of single target damage factor we know that he", "gxiDb88PMEU-00054-00029056-00029608": "has a really powerful and sort of unique debuff on that fourth skill and we know that minamoto", "gxiDb88PMEU-00055-00029608-00030336": "is very powerful in pre-kbk and also pretty powerful in kvk1 as well beyond that he's great", "gxiDb88PMEU-00056-00030336-00030952": "at rallying pve objectives you still see players doing using a minimoto in season of conquest to", "gxiDb88PMEU-00057-00030952-00031432": "rally some pve objectives unless you have mega whales in your kingdom that have like invested", "gxiDb88PMEU-00058-00031432-00032000": "in montezuma for example but you can also still use him for some of those high level forts in the", "gxiDb88PMEU-00059-00032000-00032472": "kvk season of conquest things like that he's also great for things like karuak ceremony where you're", "gxiDb88PMEU-00060-00032472-00032936": "going to be rallying some of those high-end karuak bosses you may want to use something a little bit", "gxiDb88PMEU-00061-00032936-00033448": "more tanky but you could use minamoto if you wanted to he's also decent in game modes that", "gxiDb88PMEU-00062-00033448-00033992": "just deal single target damage factor like ian's ballads or ceroli crisis things like that you're", "gxiDb88PMEU-00063-00033992-00034560": "gonna get some use out of minamoto and for a while i was using my minimoto in these game modes and", "gxiDb88PMEU-00064-00034560-00035072": "outclassing some people with like guan yu and leonidas from a damaged perspective because you", "gxiDb88PMEU-00065-00035072-00035592": "just deal so much single target damage factor and finally you can also use him to destroy barbarians", "gxiDb88PMEU-00066-00035592-00036112": "i mean he's all cavalry he's very fast especially with south south secondary and just running around", "gxiDb88PMEU-00067-00036112-00036640": "the map just melting barbarians is maybe something that some of you may find useful but there's also", "gxiDb88PMEU-00068-00036640-00037344": "a lot of cons with minamoto okay he's not very useful in season two of kvk and even beyond season", "gxiDb88PMEU-00069-00037344-00037840": "two of kvk season three and four he's even worse like right season two you know a lot of players", "gxiDb88PMEU-00070-00037840-00038512": "migrate back to season 2 of kvk and so if you end up in a kvk with lots of older players he's not", "gxiDb88PMEU-00071-00038512-00038992": "useful at all in season 2. if you end up you know if you're in like a D seed kingdom and you end up", "gxiDb88PMEU-00072-00038992-00039536": "in a kvk2 with a lot of just weaker kingdoms and all new players then yeah sure you could probably", "gxiDb88PMEU-00073-00039536-00040200": "use minamoto for a little bit and it might be okay but ultimately he's not great after season two", "gxiDb88PMEU-00074-00040200-00040728": "now he did get this relic which again we will talk about the relic in my opinions on that relic in", "gxiDb88PMEU-00075-00040728-00041240": "just a moment but we also want to talk about some of the other cons with him okay and the other con", "gxiDb88PMEU-00076-00041240-00041856": "is that he's 200 like to max him out 200 bucks you got to be able you got to be willing to max", "gxiDb88PMEU-00077-00041856-00042368": "him out okay now you could just buy enough bundles to get him to five five one one which is i think", "gxiDb88PMEU-00078-00042368-00042816": "about thirty dollars worth if you buy the proper bundles and he's decent there right i mean you do", "gxiDb88PMEU-00079-00042816-00043336": "get the full march speed and attack which is nice but you're really missing out on that fourth skill", "gxiDb88PMEU-00080-00043336-00043816": "and the expertise is nice for the single target damage factor so it's up to you if it's worth it", "gxiDb88PMEU-00081-00043816-00044352": "i think five five on one is solid definitely not worth going for the five five one five i think", "gxiDb88PMEU-00082-00044352-00044880": "if you're gonna do that like just just expertise him so it really makes you wonder like is it worth", "gxiDb88PMEU-00083-00044880-00045488": "two hundred dollars for a commander that from a pvp perspective isn't really gonna be useful", "gxiDb88PMEU-00084-00045488-00045992": "after the first like six months you're not really gonna get that much pvp use out of him after that", "gxiDb88PMEU-00085-00045992-00046640": "until they released the relic that you see in the museum ever since the relic for minamoto has come", "gxiDb88PMEU-00086-00046640-00047192": "out there's been tons of testing being done i mean cisco made an entire video talking about Xiang", "gxiDb88PMEU-00087-00047192-00047768": "Yu primary with minimoto secondary compared to Xiang Yu primary with Chandragupta secondary and", "gxiDb88PMEU-00088-00047768-00048128": "everybody's freaking out right everyone's looking at reports like this and saying like", "gxiDb88PMEU-00089-00048128-00048704": "oh my god guan leo is like the open field pair that everyone thinks about and we see minamoto", "gxiDb88PMEU-00090-00048704-00049296": "cao cao beating it now that it has the relic now a shout out to i think it was snake who put this in", "gxiDb88PMEU-00091-00049296-00049768": "my discord i don't know more about this specific report that we're looking at right like what are", "gxiDb88PMEU-00092-00049768-00050264": "the actual skills we don't know if this is a five five whatever leonidas five five one one what what", "gxiDb88PMEU-00093-00050264-00050648": "exactly are they it doesn't look like they're expertise we don't know the equipment on these", "gxiDb88PMEU-00094-00050648-00051064": "commanders we don't know anything but what we do know especially from looking at somebody like", "gxiDb88PMEU-00095-00051064-00051791": "cisco's video we do know that this new relic does sort of move the needle in a vacuum okay if we're", "gxiDb88PMEU-00096-00051791-00052472": "looking at a single rally hitting a single target it will do well and in some instances it may on", "gxiDb88PMEU-00097-00052472-00053176": "paper do better than Chandragupta and so people are using these you know these vacuum tests as", "gxiDb88PMEU-00098-00053176-00053840": "proof that minamoto is so good as a secondary now which i just don't think is the case and here's", "gxiDb88PMEU-00099-00053840-00054552": "why besides this 20 percent defense minamoto and Xiang Yu have no defensive capability", "gxiDb88PMEU-00100-00054552-00055191": "literally zero there's nothing besides this 20 percent defense and what that means is that if", "gxiDb88PMEU-00101-00055191-00055736": "you are in the open field with a Xiang Yu minamoto you're gonna get swarmed you are gonna get", "gxiDb88PMEU-00102-00055736-00056288": "instantly melted for sure and you will lose those trades and guess what it's it's going to happen", "gxiDb88PMEU-00103-00056288-00056632": "people are going to see theXiang Yu they're going to know the Xiang Yu is a huge threat in the open", "gxiDb88PMEU-00104-00056632-00057136": "field because of that massive aoe damage and as soon as they see the minamoto papa skill on this", "gxiDb88PMEU-00105-00057208-00057791": "as a secondary it's it's gg it's game over they are going to swarm you down there's really nothing", "gxiDb88PMEU-00106-00057791-00058200": "that you can do about it now sure you are a cavalry march so maybe you can run away or", "gxiDb88PMEU-00107-00058200-00058624": "something like that but running away from a fight is not you don't want to go into a fight thinking", "gxiDb88PMEU-00108-00058624-00059072": "oh well i could always run away like you want to go in there and just crush skulls boys we already", "gxiDb88PMEU-00109-00059072-00059544": "know that's the deal now when you look at Xiang Yu and minamoto from a rally perspective in a real", "gxiDb88PMEU-00110-00059544-00059991": "kvk you would just swarm that down right like like i don't know i don't see why you wouldn't", "gxiDb88PMEU-00111-00059991-00060304": "it just seems like a no-brainer like yeah just swarm it down like what are you gonna do", "gxiDb88PMEU-00112-00060304-00060944": "like the reason that chandragupta is so good as a secondary is because his active skill gives him 40", "gxiDb88PMEU-00113-00060944-00061448": "bonus damage for three seconds if you're swarming that down that's gonna hurt and on top of that", "gxiDb88PMEU-00114-00061448-00062032": "he's got the health bonus he's got a 20 health bonus so there's things about chandragupta that", "gxiDb88PMEU-00115-00062032-00062591": "make him really good as a secondary commander and sure minamoto does a lot of single target damage", "gxiDb88PMEU-00116-00062591-00063167": "factor so in a vacuum having him as secondary with Xiang Yu and just doing a single target test", "gxiDb88PMEU-00117-00063167-00063600": "then sure of course it's going to perform really well like obviously that's going to be the case", "gxiDb88PMEU-00118-00063600-00064208": "but in a real world perspective i think a Xiang minamoto is going to get melted swarmed down like", "gxiDb88PMEU-00119-00064208-00064688": "9 times out of 10. now you could make the argument that like a Xiang minamoto could be used as like a", "gxiDb88PMEU-00120-00064688-00065152": "debuffing rally right like maybe if you already control the open field and things are going as", "gxiDb88PMEU-00121-00065152-00065560": "planned and somebody counter rallies you then you can count around leave that kind of rally and sort", "gxiDb88PMEU-00122-00065560-00066120": "of debuff that target and sure okay sure that's totally something you could do but this video is", "gxiDb88PMEU-00123-00066120-00066816": "about whether or not you should invest in minamoto in 2022 now that we have the relic in the game and", "gxiDb88PMEU-00124-00066816-00067568": "i think my ultimate conclusion is still no i don't really think minamoto is a great investment if you", "gxiDb88PMEU-00125-00067568-00068208": "want to spend a little bit on him to get him to 5511 and use him in you know pve scenarios", "gxiDb88PMEU-00126-00068208-00068896": "then maybe sure okay that sounds good but if you're planning on rushing out to max minamoto", "gxiDb88PMEU-00127-00068896-00069440": "skills so that way when you get to season of conquest you can unlock his relic and have a", "gxiDb88PMEU-00128-00069440-00070088": "great secondary cavalry commander to whoever you invest in i just don't think it's gonna be a great", "gxiDb88PMEU-00129-00070088-00070672": "long-term strategy and the other thing to keep in mind right is that let's say you're not going to", "gxiDb88PMEU-00130-00070672-00071112": "use Xiang Yu primary right because we've talked a lot about zingy primary but you could always say", "gxiDb88PMEU-00131-00071112-00071504": "Omniarch you could always use like a saladin right you could do a salad in primary and he's got the", "gxiDb88PMEU-00132-00071504-00071872": "support tree and he's a little bit more tanky he's brought he's got some defense right and", "gxiDb88PMEU-00133-00071872-00072432": "sure that's true right saladin is is really a good cavalry commander especially as a primary because", "gxiDb88PMEU-00134-00072432-00073032": "he's a little bit more tanky but the problem with that is that you have better options with saladin", "gxiDb88PMEU-00135-00073032-00073608": "you could easily just pair him with william and then you could just forget about minamoto it am i", "gxiDb88PMEU-00136-00073608-00074200": "saying that a salad and william is gonna perform better and get you better trades than a salad", "gxiDb88PMEU-00137-00074200-00074840": "in minamoto with the relic in a vacuum in a 1v1 scenario maybe not right i think i mean minamoto", "gxiDb88PMEU-00138-00074840-00075328": "does a ton of single target damage factor that's fine but the utility that william brings in his", "gxiDb88PMEU-00139-00075328-00075896": "aoe and his fourth skill there's just so much to love about him there's just so much to love about", "gxiDb88PMEU-00140-00075896-00076440": "william the first he is a very good secondary commander and you don't have to expertise him", "gxiDb88PMEU-00141-00076440-00077104": "for him to be very very good i mean a salad and william is really a budget build that even if it", "gxiDb88PMEU-00142-00077104-00077896": "doesn't do best in a 1v1 scenario against maybe a salad and minamoto i still think the overall value", "gxiDb88PMEU-00143-00077896-00078512": "of that combination is better and if all of that still hasn't convinced you that minamoto isn't", "gxiDb88PMEU-00144-00078512-00079184": "magically going to be the next meta i'm going to remind you that we've got nevsky on the way like", "gxiDb88PMEU-00145-00079184-00079760": "he's literally about to be here okay and if you look at the kit for nevsky it's just gonna blow", "gxiDb88PMEU-00146-00079760-00080320": "minamoto out of the water i mean he's got a ton of single target damage factor and he's", "gxiDb88PMEU-00147-00080320-00081016": "got a really nice enemy defense reduction he's got cavalry attack if he's in enemy territory he gets", "gxiDb88PMEU-00148-00081016-00081480": "cavalry health as well which is one of the things that we love about chandragupta he's got cavalry", "gxiDb88PMEU-00149-00081480-00082056": "defense he's got damage bonus for cavalry he's got so many things got the skill damage improved like", "gxiDb88PMEU-00150-00082056-00082504": "there's so much about nevsky that that on its own like this is a whole separate video", "gxiDb88PMEU-00151-00082504-00083016": "but i think zany nevsky is gonna be insane right i think it's just gonna be an insane", "gxiDb88PMEU-00152-00083016-00083600": "rally combination and to have players out there debating whether or not minamoto is gonna be like", "gxiDb88PMEU-00153-00083600-00084264": "a viable it's like do did we forget about nevsky already like like dude he's gonna be good okay", "gxiDb88PMEU-00154-00084264-00084872": "he's gonna be really good and if you invest 200 to max minamoto plus whatever money it costs to", "gxiDb88PMEU-00155-00084872-00085656": "get the relic plus all the gear it's it's just not worth it in 2022 unless you're a brand new player", "gxiDb88PMEU-00156-00085656-00086352": "who is planning to well for pre-kvk and kvk-1 if that's the case then sure sure go ahead and", "gxiDb88PMEU-00157-00086352-00086728": "get him like you'll get great value out of him in the early game and then later down the line", "gxiDb88PMEU-00158-00086728-00087096": "you can use them for pve that's you know it's your money you can do whatever you want but if you're", "gxiDb88PMEU-00159-00087096-00087632": "a season of conquest player uh who is it who's considering buying minamoto just for the first", "gxiDb88PMEU-00160-00087632-00088176": "time now because of his relic don't do it okay nevsky is going to be on the wheel of fortune we", "gxiDb88PMEU-00161-00088176-00088696": "know this so even free free-to-play players are going to be able to at least unlock nevsky and", "gxiDb88PMEU-00162-00088696-00089352": "level him up over time for free whereas minamoto costs 200 bucks plus the relic and on a final note", "gxiDb88PMEU-00163-00089352-00090264": "okay the echoes of history okay the the the museum in rise of kingdoms boys i i gotta say i feel kind", "gxiDb88PMEU-00164-00090264-00090928": "of dumb that they're trying to charge us for a buff to a commander that costs 200 is anybody else", "gxiDb88PMEU-00165-00090928-00091440": "pissed about that so they implemented the museum because they know that these older commanders", "gxiDb88PMEU-00166-00091440-00091968": "need a buff that's literally why they did it like literally they're like hey these commanders are", "gxiDb88PMEU-00167-00091968-00092472": "the old commanders and old new players versus old players like these are what they're using and it's", "gxiDb88PMEU-00168-00092472-00092904": "not good enough compared to the new stuff so we need to buff it that's literally what they said", "gxiDb88PMEU-00169-00092904-00093608": "so they agree that they need a buff so what you're telling me is that i spent 200 maxing out minamoto", "gxiDb88PMEU-00170-00093608-00094216": "and then now that he needs a buff i have to go through a system in order to unlock that buff", "gxiDb88PMEU-00171-00094216-00094864": "that will make him somewhat competitively viable and unless i want to take a year or longer to do", "gxiDb88PMEU-00172-00094864-00095456": "it for free i have to spend money to buy a buff for a commander that needs it but boys", "gxiDb88PMEU-00173-00095456-00096104": "back in my day okay back in my day playing modern warfare 3 or something okay you're playing a game", "gxiDb88PMEU-00174-00096104-00096824": "that if a gun needs a buff the developers would just put the buff in okay it's game balance and", "gxiDb88PMEU-00175-00096824-00097304": "the thing about game balance is that if there's game balance players keep playing okay that's", "gxiDb88PMEU-00176-00097304-00097808": "why they constantly are tweaking commanders or i should say characters in league of legends okay", "gxiDb88PMEU-00177-00097808-00098336": "you play a game like league of legends totally free to play all right and those they get tweaked", "gxiDb88PMEU-00178-00098336-00098984": "for free all the time it's not like oh master yi needs a buff here's a bundle for 50 what the f", "gxiDb88PMEU-00179-00098984-00099624": "dude game balance is what keeps players playing why would you put game balance behind a paywall", "gxiDb88PMEU-00180-00099624-00100128": "why am i supposed to pay ten dollars for a battle pass or forty dollars for a bundle", "gxiDb88PMEU-00181-00100128-00100648": "just so i can unlock a buff for a commander that i already spent two hundred dollars on", "gxiDb88PMEU-00182-00100776-00101528": "lilith what the [ __ ] what are you thinking what are you thinking it's game balance that's", "gxiDb88PMEU-00183-00101528-00102104": "literally your only job is to balance the game and you instead of doing that put it behind a pay wall", "gxiDb88PMEU-00184-00102176-00102720": "holy sh imagine spending a thousand dollars on an iphone and then as soon as there's a security", "gxiDb88PMEU-00185-00102720-00103240": "vulnerability they have to release a patch but no no patch is not free it's forty dollars like", "gxiDb88PMEU-00186-00103240-00103832": "it's your job to do that i'm the consumer i already paid for it why do i have to pay", "gxiDb88PMEU-00187-00103832-00104472": "for you to fix it later it doesn't make any sense to me that there's [ __ ] there's bundles for game", "gxiDb88PMEU-00188-00104472-00105064": "balance dude there's literally bundles for game balance in 2022 i cannot believe this is the state", "gxiDb88PMEU-00189-00105064-00105711": "of gaming but we're off on a tangent at this point so boys i say don't buy minamoto unless you're a", "gxiDb88PMEU-00190-00105711-00106272": "whale or you want to well in the early seasons of your account with that being said guys if you", "gxiDb88PMEU-00191-00106272-00106680": "enjoyed the video make sure you drop a thumbs up on it comment down below your thoughts on minamoto", "gxiDb88PMEU-00192-00106680-00107072": "i would love to hear from you guys if you're new here subscribe to the channel and click that bell", "gxiDb88PMEU-00193-00107072-00107480": "to be notified the next time that i upload a rise of kingdoms video and with that being said guys", "gxiDb88PMEU-00194-00107480-00107888": "thank you so much for watching this has been Omniarch i will talk to you guys again soon peace"}}, {"audio_id": "gxj5D3C56R4", "text": {}}, {"audio_id": "gxLt-CebpFU", "text": {"gxLt-CebpFU-00000-00000000-00000263": "I really wanna eat healthy like", "gxLt-CebpFU-00001-00000320-00000420": "Umm", "gxLt-CebpFU-00002-00000420-00000699": "Almond cereal, meal prep you know the broccoli", "gxLt-CebpFU-00003-00000700-00001071": "the cauliflower, toast, and alla dat but", "gxLt-CebpFU-00004-00001071-00001321": "You know it just doesn't make me happy", "gxLt-CebpFU-00005-00001333-00001533": "And I just can't keep doin' stuff that just don't", "gxLt-CebpFU-00006-00001533-00001840": "make me happy. What makes me happy is a", "gxLt-CebpFU-00007-00001840-00002040": "single bacon cheese"}}, {"audio_id": "gxb-aoXf5Ek", "text": {"gxb-aoXf5Ek-00000-00000005-00000683": "I am a former Republican who left the party as I watched so many Republican", "gxb-aoXf5Ek-00001-00000697-00001504": "lawmakers support President Trump, who I felt was supremely unqualified, both", "gxb-aoXf5Ek-00002-00001511-00001943": "intellectually and morally and ethically to be president of the United States.", "gxb-aoXf5Ek-00003-00002028-00002432": "I think he should be removed from office for inciting the riots that", "gxb-aoXf5Ek-00004-00002432-00003040": "happened, which made me feel so deeply saddened for our country.", "gxb-aoXf5Ek-00005-00003250-00003476": "This was a free and fair election.", "gxb-aoXf5Ek-00006-00003542-00003803": "It was close in some states.", "gxb-aoXf5Ek-00007-00003851-00004491": "The process was allowed to go forward and he has refused repeatedly to", "gxb-aoXf5Ek-00008-00004491-00005022": "accept the results and has led many, many people to believe his", "gxb-aoXf5Ek-00009-00005022-00005256": "lies and inflame their passions.", "gxb-aoXf5Ek-00010-00005262-00005597": "And what we see is something I've never seen in my lifetime", "gxb-aoXf5Ek-00011-00005621-00005881": "and I know none of us have.", "gxb-aoXf5Ek-00012-00005901-00006531": "To see our Capital treated in that way is just reprehensible.", "gxb-aoXf5Ek-00013-00006570-00006956": "I think he's a clear and present danger and I think he should be thoroughly", "gxb-aoXf5Ek-00014-00006956-00007611": "disgraced so that he and those Republicans who have aided and abetted", "gxb-aoXf5Ek-00015-00007611-00007909": "him - specifically Cruz and Hawley.", "gxb-aoXf5Ek-00016-00007914-00008718": "But also all who, to my deep sadness, from day one, I truly believed that many of the", "gxb-aoXf5Ek-00017-00008718-00009537": "Republicans I had voted for before would stand up against him and be a check and on", "gxb-aoXf5Ek-00018-00009537-00010242": "the powers and on his dishonesty and his unethical behavior and instead they have", "gxb-aoXf5Ek-00019-00010254-00010518": "either remained silent or supported him.", "gxb-aoXf5Ek-00020-00010590-00011163": "And that's just something I can't forgive and it will take a complete change", "gxb-aoXf5Ek-00021-00011163-00011814": "of the Republican party for me to o even consider voting Republican again.", "gxb-aoXf5Ek-00022-00011916-00011997": "Thank you for listening."}}, {"audio_id": "gxbM6NOI-1Q", "text": {}}, {"audio_id": "gy8rmg-nZwQ", "text": {"gy8rmg-nZwQ-00000-00000104-00000162": "Hello everyone,", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00001-00000206-00000469": "welcome to the channel of George and Charlotte!", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00002-00000527-00000725": "In the last video, we talked about Check24,", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00003-00000732-00000940": "as German price comparison network giant", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00004-00000947-00001145": "and a veteran of German financial technology", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00005-00001150-00001380": "We talked about the market turmoil", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00006-00001385-00001589": "caused by the German price comparison network giant,", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00007-00001597-00001775": "and basic mode of price comparison network.", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00008-00001810-00002123": "In this video, we are going to talk about how check24,", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00009-00002130-00002415": "as the veteran of German fintech,", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00010-00002420-00002835": "compete with the emerging fintech companies?", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00011-00002875-00003075": "Recently, the emerging German fintech companies", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00012-00003085-00003229": "are now sweeping across Europe.", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00013-00003265-00003432": "In October 2020", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00014-00003450-00003800": "check24's mobile banking service C24 was launched.", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00015-00003854-00004065": "It actually launched a free account", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00016-00004072-00004232": "and a cashback service.", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00017-00004287-00004447": "The CEO of check24 said", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00018-00004492-00004844": "that check24 will not compete with other banks.", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00019-00004876-00004959": "Is this true?", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00020-00004991-00005196": "In addition, check24 started to build", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00021-00005221-00005548": "its own VC venture portfolio a few years ago.", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00022-00005580-00005874": "How is this investment portfolio now?", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00023-00005951-00006188": "If you haven't watched the channel of George and Charlotte,", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00024-00006239-00006399": "let me introduce to you.", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00025-00006431-00006695": "Our channel mainly introduces the new technology life,", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00026-00006702-00006940": "hot business opportunities and financial tips", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00027-00006950-00007156": "in Germany and Europe.", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00028-00007177-00007332": "With the channel of George and Charlotte,", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00029-00007337-00007458": "Your life will become better.", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00030-00007489-00007578": "Have a Nice Life!", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00031-00008667-00008752": "In this video,", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00032-00008765-00009081": "let’s take a look at mobile banking service of Check 24,", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00033-00009090-00009385": "C24, which is launched in October 2020.", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00034-00009467-00009640": "Let me introduce the general background to everyone.", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00035-00009678-00009857": "The EU is now in the era of \"negative interest rates\",", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00036-00009860-00010070": "which means that you deposit money in the bank,", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00037-00010080-00010246": "not only without interest,", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00038-00010252-00010394": "but you have to pay the bank money.", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00039-00010437-00010616": "Now some local banks in Germany have begun", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00040-00010635-00010872": "to \"clean up\" large savings deposit users", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00041-00010898-00011090": "and want to terminate their contracts with them.", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00042-00011160-00011317": "The number of German banks", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00043-00011330-00011510": "that offer unconditional free checking accounts (Girokonto in German)", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00044-00011517-00011690": "is rapidly decreasing.", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00045-00011842-00012202": "However, Check24 launched mobile banking at this time,", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00046-00012230-00012498": "including three different levels of checking accounts", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00047-00012532-00012932": "C24 Smart, C24 Plus, C24 Max.", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00048-00013012-00013255": "Among them, the C24 Smart basic account", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00049-00013267-00013462": "is an account without management fee.", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00050-00013526-00013731": "Next, I will introduce their features", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00051-00013750-00013929": "from the following dimensions:", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00052-00013980-00014192": "1. Expenses and basic functions.", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00053-00014236-00014416": "2. Open banking functions.", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00054-00014460-00014640": "3. Cash-back function.", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00055-00014716-00014921": "Firstly, costs and basic business functions.", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00056-00014940-00015135": "Among the three accounts", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00057-00015157-00015302": "C24 Smart, C24 Plus, and C24 Max", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00058-00015315-00015506": "launched by Check24,", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00059-00015517-00015760": "C24 Smart is free of account management fees,", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00060-00015779-00015946": "C24 Plus is 5.9 Euros per month,", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00061-00015984-00016138": "and C24 Max is 9.9 Euros per month.", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00062-00016227-00016397": "After opening the account,", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00063-00016402-00016563": "you will receive the associated Mastercard,", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00064-00016643-00016893": "which can be used in POS machines, ATM machines", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00065-00016912-00017066": "or as electronic payments as well.", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00066-00017090-00017317": "If you use your C24 account frequently,", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00067-00017350-00017555": "you can also withdraw money from ATMs for free.", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00068-00017627-00017810": "For C24 Smart account users,", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00069-00017817-00017945": "you can withdraw 4 times per month for free;", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00070-00017996-00018188": "for C24 Plus 6 times a month,", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00071-00018220-00018444": "and for C24 Max 8 times a month for free.", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00072-00018547-00018777": "In addition, C24 accounts have overdraft services.", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00073-00018803-00019065": "C24 Smart has a monthly overdraft limit of 400EUR,", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00074-00019091-00019295": "C24 Plus has a monthly overdraft limit of 600EUR,", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00075-00019312-00019551": "and C24 Max has a monthly overdraft limit of 800EUR.", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00076-00019577-00019839": "Finally, there are sub-accounts attached to each account,", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00077-00019871-00020110": "and users can classify deposits into different sub-accounts", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00078-00020122-00020307": "according to their needs.", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00079-00020364-00020540": "C24 Smart has 4 sub-accounts,", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00080-00020552-00020702": "C24 Plus has 6 sub-accounts,", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00081-00020725-00020865": "and C24 Max has 8 sub-accounts.", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00082-00020967-00021222": "Secondly, open banking functions.", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00083-00021251-00021452": "Users can add their accounts from other banks", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00084-00021460-00021662": "into their C24 account application", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00085-00021675-00022290": "and integrate them in the C24 APP for unified management.", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00086-00022317-00022520": "Not only bank accounts, but credit cards, housing loans,", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00087-00022527-00022737": "and fund wealth management accounts", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00088-00022737-00022930": "can all be integrated to be managed together.", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00089-00022962-00023182": "Users can use C24 accounts for family financial management, too.", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00090-00023192-00023462": "For example, users can check the fixed cost analysis", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00091-00023477-00023707": "of electricity, gas, and insurance contracts", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00092-00023722-00023942": "given by the C24 algorithm every month.", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00093-00023961-00024130": "Because C24 belongs to Check24,", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00094-00024137-00024355": "the price comparison functions of Check24", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00095-00024362-00024650": "about electricity, gas, insurance, and loan contract", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00096-00024669-00024868": "can also be used in C24.", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00097-00024912-00025107": "Users can directly switch to", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00098-00025122-00025390": "the cheaper contract provided by Check24.", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00099-00025435-00025582": "This open banking function includes", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00100-00025610-00025904": "not only Check24's internal products,", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00101-00025923-00026320": "but loans and financial investments from other banks too.", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00102-00026339-00026735": "C24 users can also use the services provided by Check24", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00103-00026747-00027135": "and more than 300 cooperative banks.", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00104-00027163-00027374": "Thirdly, the cash-back function.", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00105-00027402-00027677": "I was shocked when I saw this feature for the first time.", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00106-00027714-00027939": "How did C24 return cash?", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00107-00027956-00028078": "Let’s see this example.", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00108-00028110-00028260": "A user uses C24 to", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00109-00028277-00028436": "pay NETFLIX's monthly service fee,", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00110-00028463-00028726": "such as 11.99 euros a month.", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00111-00028785-00029317": "C24 will return 10% of 11.99 euros to the user, or 1.2 euros.", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00112-00029412-00029587": "This service is limited to two paid accounts,", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00113-00029592-00029893": "C24 Plus and C24 Max.", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00114-00030014-00030341": "The amount of cash-back of C24 Plus is up to 10 Euros per month,", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00115-00030373-00030725": "For C24 Max up to 30 Euros per month.", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00116-00030739-00030825": "It can be said", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00117-00030839-00031017": "that the more you spend, the more you earn.", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00118-00031053-00031264": "Here, I must make a statement,", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00119-00031283-00031437": "I don’t have any commission from C24.", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00120-00031450-00031725": "The service provided by C24 is really so attractive", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00121-00031757-00031994": "that the Consumer Protection Center", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00122-00032013-00032160": "stepped up again (laughing and crying):", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00123-00032218-00032499": "Consumers need to pay some prices for superior conditions of C24", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00124-00032519-00032749": "such as users’ private information.", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00125-00032826-00033005": "This is an era in which personal data is", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00126-00033024-00033344": "exchanged for money or services.", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00127-00033376-00033811": "Through C24, Check24 can obtain the payment data information", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00128-00033831-00034145": "of a large number of users for their own big data analysis,", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00129-00034176-00034464": "continuously polish and improve the data algorithm model,", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00130-00034477-00034810": "and then use the model to customize services", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00131-00034822-00035110": "and push them to each different user individually.", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00132-00035162-00035411": "Let old users rely more on it,", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00133-00035456-00035808": "and let more and more new users join in.", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00134-00035866-00036262": "Of course, this is not what Check24 is doing alone.", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00135-00036294-00036454": "Everyone does it, right?", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00136-00036557-00036851": "Next, I will talk about the competition between", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00137-00036864-00037171": "the old financial technology company Check24", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00138-00037190-00037421": "and the emerging German financial technology company.", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00139-00037562-00037982": "In the C24, Check24 integrates three fintech sectors:", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00140-00038005-00038200": "the first sector is the insurtech,", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00141-00038218-00038452": "which impacts the emerging German fintech companies", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00142-00038457-00038730": "such as Clark, Knip and Getsafe;", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00143-00038766-00039150": "the second sector is deposit business covering the Europe,", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00144-00039160-00039510": "impacting emerging start-ups such as Weltsparen and Savedo;", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00145-00039582-00039927": "the third sector is the open banking application just mentioned,", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00146-00039966-00040248": "and impacted companies are Numbrs and Outbank.", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00147-00040306-00040910": "Check24 is ready to continue its previous advertising campaign", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00148-00040987-00041322": "In addition, the CEO of Check24 also clarified that it has one advantage,", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00149-00041355-00041732": "which can impact emerging startups the most.", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00150-00041750-00041826": "What is it?", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00151-00041882-00042717": "It is the huge price comparison plattform of Check24.", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00152-00043020-00043567": "After integrating their existing platforms,", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00153-00043600-00043902": "C24 already have a fixed user base,", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00154-00043945-00044245": "and it is not difficult to acquire new users.", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00155-00044272-00044610": "However, emerging start-ups also have their tactics", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00156-00044620-00044824": "to fight against established giants:", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00157-00044847-00045155": "emerging fintech companies have begun", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00158-00045170-00045567": "to cooperate with traditional banks and financial institutions,", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00159-00045572-00046097": "or establish partnerships with each other to deal with the giants.", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00160-00046122-00046367": "For example, Vaamo (now Moneyfarm),", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00161-00046382-00046622": "which has Robo-Adviser technology,", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00162-00046645-00047122": "cooperated with Santander Bank", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00163-00047165-00047491": "and N26 from Berlin", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00164-00047665-00047967": "In certain areas, emerging financial technology companies", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00165-00047972-00048195": "have also slowly eroded Check24's market share.", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00166-00048221-00048586": "For example, Clark mentioned above in the insurance finance field", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00167-00048605-00049027": "is a strong rival of Check24 in insurance-intermediary field;", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00168-00049072-00049431": "FinanceAds impacts the financial marketing field;", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00169-00049450-00049738": "Finanzcheck seizes the consumer loan market.", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00170-00049751-00050058": "These start-ups specialize in a specific field,", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00171-00050083-00050380": "Check24 has exactly opposite process of establishing a large platform,", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00172-00050387-00050670": "then slowly penetrating to small market segments.", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00173-00050725-00051051": "Recently, a startup company called Finleap from Berlin", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00174-00051070-00051256": "has become a hot new star.", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00175-00051301-00051537": "Its main business is also a financial product intermediary,", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00176-00051550-00051845": "targeting Check24 as its competitor.", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00177-00051870-00052152": "In addition, Ping An Insurance Company from China", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00178-00052175-00052490": "also invested 40 million euros in Finleap.", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00179-00052522-00052912": "Finleap hopes to use Ping An Insurance's assistance to impact Check24.", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00180-00053045-00053390": "Although Check24 is a veteran fintech company.", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00181-00053395-00053500": "It does not mean that", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00182-00053507-00053725": "it will not closely follow the development trend of the times.", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00183-00053742-00054129": "It also combined its own advantages with emerging companies.", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00184-00054150-00054357": "In October 2016, Check24 announced", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00185-00054360-00054575": "the establishment of its own venture capital fund", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00186-00054587-00054785": "and invested in a number of start-ups.", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00187-00054824-00054971": "Finally, let's take a look,", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00188-00054984-00055214": "what is the composition of the investment portfolio", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00189-00055222-00055427": "in Check24's venture capital business so far?", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00190-00055490-00055841": "-Lehrermarkplatz, translated as teacher platform (easy to understand).", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00191-00055854-00056398": "You can publish and exchange learning materials on the platform.", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00192-00056411-00056699": "During the COVID-19 pandemic, the traffic on this platform doubled.", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00193-00056712-00057083": "-Campstar is a platform used to reserve campsites for camping.", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00194-00057096-00057371": "However, the company has now filed for bankruptcy and is in liquidation.", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00195-00057384-00057654": "-Möbel24 is a comparison platform for furniture.", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00196-00057686-00057987": "-Legalbird, a network platform for lawyers' intermediaries.", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00197-00058045-00058249": "-Zizoo, a company from Austria,", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00198-00058288-00058531": "provides intermediary services for chartering yachts.", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00199-00058557-00058998": "-Medilove, is a cosmetic surgery company operated by Check24.", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00200-00059030-00059337": "-Askcharlie, a platform that provides technical jobs,", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00201-00059350-00059704": "such as DJs, weddings, moving, fitness coaching, and nutritionist services,", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00202-00059754-00059962": "which is the content of the Check24 Profils section", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00203-00059975-00060142": "we introduced in the last video.", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00204-00060197-00060260": "-Gini", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00205-00060273-00060574": "whose main business is to provide banks with document recognition technology.", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00206-00060638-00060824": "-Risk42, developing software", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00207-00060837-00061007": "Which belongs to the risk control of financial technology.", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00208-00061032-00061218": "For example, it can be used to evaluate", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00209-00061230-00061429": "whether banks should issue loans to customers.", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00210-00061544-00062075": "In recent years, Check24 has not aggressively expanded its VC investment field.", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00211-00062088-00062325": "It chooses such a portfolio more like", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00212-00062338-00062830": "to consolidate and decorate its Check24 comparison platform empire.", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00213-00062850-00063291": "As mentioned earlier in the competition with emerging fintech companies,", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00214-00063298-00063611": "Check24 does this by first building a good platform", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00215-00063624-00063810": "and then infiltrating it from top to bottom.", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00216-00063822-00064085": "Check24 did not completely jump out of its circle", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00217-00064095-00064210": "and took another path,", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00218-00064217-00064575": "but steadily relied on its existing huge price comparison platform", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00219-00064592-00064733": "and made adjustments afterwards.", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00220-00064745-00064902": "Did such a German financial technology veteran,", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00221-00064907-00065042": "a German price comparison giant", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00222-00065060-00065197": "bring you some ideas?", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00223-00065237-00065379": "Or some business opportunities?", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00224-00065446-00065600": "That’s it today.", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00225-00065619-00065900": "Don’t forget to follow, subscribe, forward and share!", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00226-00065926-00066048": "If you have anything to say,", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00227-00066060-00066232": "please leave a message in the comment area below.", "gy8rmg-nZwQ-00228-00066237-00066380": "See you next time!"}}, {"audio_id": "gyggaqn0BJ0", "text": {"gyggaqn0BJ0-00000-00000106-00000377": "[nature sounds]", "gyggaqn0BJ0-00001-00000500-00000990": "Jamestown was the first successful English colony, but its success was never guaranteed.", "gyggaqn0BJ0-00002-00000990-00001491": "During the 1609 famine known as the starving time, many of the early English colonists died,", "gyggaqn0BJ0-00003-00001491-00001818": "and some claimed to have heard of instances of cannibalism.", "gyggaqn0BJ0-00004-00001818-00002325": "There were some modern historians who did not believe cannibalism really occurred at Jamestown", "gyggaqn0BJ0-00005-00002325-00002872": "until an archaeological dig in 2012 uncovered evidence of cannibalism.", "gyggaqn0BJ0-00006-00002872-00003363": "History is what was written down, but archaeology uncovers what was left behind.", "gyggaqn0BJ0-00007-00003363-00004134": "Not everything that happened in the past made it into a history textbook today, but with archaeology we can fill in what's missing from the story.", "gyggaqn0BJ0-00008-00004134-00004364": "Say you find a part of that missing story:", "gyggaqn0BJ0-00009-00004364-00004904": "you discover something left behind by people who lived a few decades, even a few hundred years ago.", "gyggaqn0BJ0-00010-00004904-00005428": "Let's say you discovered an artifact (something created or used by human beings in the past).", "gyggaqn0BJ0-00011-00005428-00005975": "You might be looking at the key to uncovering an archaeological site that could change how we understand the past...", "gyggaqn0BJ0-00012-00005975-00006219": "or just another piece of pottery.", "gyggaqn0BJ0-00013-00006219-00006529": "What should you do about that artifact?", "gyggaqn0BJ0-00014-00006529-00007020": "Today we're going to tell you the four-step process to follow if you find an artifact.", "gyggaqn0BJ0-00015-00007020-00007327": "Step one: leave it where you found it!", "gyggaqn0BJ0-00016-00007327-00007644": "If the object is not in any immediate danger, do not try to move it.", "gyggaqn0BJ0-00017-00007644-00008388": "Artifacts are most valuable when they tell us more about the people who made them, and artifacts tell us the most when they are found in their original context.", "gyggaqn0BJ0-00018-00008388-00008718": "Also, artifacts belong to the owner of the land they were found on.", "gyggaqn0BJ0-00019-00008718-00009059": "if you find it on your own land, you won't lose it if you report it,", "gyggaqn0BJ0-00020-00009059-00009429": "but if it is not your land please do not take anyone else's stuff!", "gyggaqn0BJ0-00021-00009512-00009659": "Back to context.", "gyggaqn0BJ0-00022-00009659-00009913": "Context is where an artifact was found:", "gyggaqn0BJ0-00023-00009913-00010330": "where it was in the ground, what layer of soil it was in, and what was found around it,", "gyggaqn0BJ0-00024-00010330-00010480": "including other artifacts.", "gyggaqn0BJ0-00025-00010480-00010597": "As an example,", "gyggaqn0BJ0-00026-00010597-00011077": "during excavation of a former freed woman's, Sukeek's, cabin in the park,", "gyggaqn0BJ0-00027-00011077-00011361": "archaeologists discovered a plate with the alphabet on it.", "gyggaqn0BJ0-00028-00011361-00011761": "That plate would serve as an important learning tool when teaching children how to read and write,", "gyggaqn0BJ0-00029-00011761-00012138": "something every newly freed family after the civil war wanted to do.", "gyggaqn0BJ0-00030-00012138-00012355": "By finding it in its original context,", "gyggaqn0BJ0-00031-00012355-00012916": "we now know more about the artifact, its users and purpose, and its owners or creators.", "gyggaqn0BJ0-00032-00012916-00013273": "If someone had taken them away from the site, and all we had was the plate fragments,", "gyggaqn0BJ0-00033-00013273-00013720": "we would not know anything about who had used it or even how it was used.", "gyggaqn0BJ0-00034-00013720-00013970": "To keep our artifact's story whole,", "gyggaqn0BJ0-00035-00013970-00014304": "leave the artifact where it is and instead take a picture.", "gyggaqn0BJ0-00036-00014304-00014481": "It doesn't have to be a great one,", "gyggaqn0BJ0-00037-00014481-00015058": "just get close enough to show the detail and give a good idea of what it is you're looking at.", "gyggaqn0BJ0-00038-00015058-00015448": "If you can, try to place something next to the artifact for scale--", "gyggaqn0BJ0-00039-00015448-00015939": "drivers licenses, coins, and library cards are common items you might have on you", "gyggaqn0BJ0-00040-00015939-00016329": "that have pretty set sizes and can serve as references for scale in a pinch.", "gyggaqn0BJ0-00041-00016329-00016766": "Now you need to record your artifact's location.", "gyggaqn0BJ0-00042-00016876-00017130": "Try to find a reference point...", "gyggaqn0BJ0-00043-00017130-00017574": "and then take a picture of your artifact against that reference point,", "gyggaqn0BJ0-00044-00017574-00017864": "so it is easier to find later.", "gyggaqn0BJ0-00045-00018024-00018328": "If you have a smartphone that has a GPS app with you,", "gyggaqn0BJ0-00046-00018328-00018621": "try to get the GPS coordinates for your find.", "gyggaqn0BJ0-00047-00018621-00019222": "If you can't get the coordinates, write them down or send them as a message to yourself.", "gyggaqn0BJ0-00048-00019259-00019532": "If you don't have a smartphone, try your best to remember", "gyggaqn0BJ0-00049-00019532-00019896": "the location of the artifact by writing down the area you found it in.", "gyggaqn0BJ0-00050-00019896-00020500": "Record the city, address, and other location information, and of course the path that you took to get there.", "gyggaqn0BJ0-00051-00020500-00020817": "Now that you have some pictures of the artifact in its location,", "gyggaqn0BJ0-00052-00020817-00021174": "you need to contact someone with the appropriate archaeological credentials.", "gyggaqn0BJ0-00053-00021174-00021454": "Look up your state historic preservation office --", "gyggaqn0BJ0-00054-00021454-00021888": "in Maryland that would be the Maryland Historical Trust or MHT.", "gyggaqn0BJ0-00055-00021888-00022025": "At the MHT,", "gyggaqn0BJ0-00056-00022025-00022342": "you'll want to contact the state terrestrial archaeologist,", "gyggaqn0BJ0-00057-00022342-00022519": "who at the time of this video is Charles Hall,", "gyggaqn0BJ0-00058-00022519-00022712": "give them the photos,", "gyggaqn0BJ0-00059-00022712-00022826": "the location,", "gyggaqn0BJ0-00060-00022826-00023029": "and as much other information as you have,", "gyggaqn0BJ0-00061-00023029-00023463": "and the hard part is over. Now you just wait for a response.", "gyggaqn0BJ0-00062-00023480-00023970": "Don't worry if it takes a while for your state's historic preservation office to get back to you.", "gyggaqn0BJ0-00063-00023970-00024401": "They only have so many staff, and they work over the entire state.", "gyggaqn0BJ0-00064-00024401-00024748": "If you are eager to learn just what it is you found,", "gyggaqn0BJ0-00065-00024748-00024991": "you can also visit our website,", "gyggaqn0BJ0-00066-00024991-00025148": "jeffpat.org,", "gyggaqn0BJ0-00067-00025148-00025382": "and click the artifact ID link.", "gyggaqn0BJ0-00068-00025382-00025638": "This will have instructions to send pictures of the artifact", "gyggaqn0BJ0-00069-00025638-00026032": "to the Maryland Archaeological Conservation Lab, or MAC Lab,", "gyggaqn0BJ0-00070-00026032-00026302": "where an expert can examine the artifact for you,", "gyggaqn0BJ0-00071-00026302-00026546": "and tell you more information about what you've found.", "gyggaqn0BJ0-00072-00026546-00026850": "While the MAC Lab can help you figure out what the object is,", "gyggaqn0BJ0-00073-00026850-00027454": "you're helping us learn how it was used by following this simple four-step process.", "gyggaqn0BJ0-00074-00027961-00028088": "Congratulations!", "gyggaqn0BJ0-00075-00028088-00028298": "You successfully reported a find.", "gyggaqn0BJ0-00076-00028298-00028708": "Thank you for helping us to tell a more complete story of the past!", "gyggaqn0BJ0-00077-00028768-00029039": "[nature sounds]"}}, {"audio_id": "gz5aufCDwfI", "text": {}}, {"audio_id": "gzgxVEgadAY", "text": {"gzgxVEgadAY-00000-00000133-00000882": "school director teachers students ladies and gentleamen good afternoon my name is Nita today", "gzgxVEgadAY-00001-00000882-00001536": "I'm gonna tell you about crocodile ladies and gentlemen do you know crocodile why do", "gzgxVEgadAY-00002-00001536-00002142": "crocodile keep their mouths open crocodile is an animal that live in the water and on", "gzgxVEgadAY-00003-00002142-00002802": "the land we can find them in the river or lake the crocodile eat animals in the water", "gzgxVEgadAY-00004-00002802-00003660": "and on the land such as fresh hippo snack or elephant the crocodile swims by the powerful", "gzgxVEgadAY-00005-00003660-00004596": "tail not only but the crocodile also have sharp teeth for hunting foods ladies and gentlemen how", "gzgxVEgadAY-00006-00004596-00005454": "old is crocodile it's 60 to 100 years old they lay 20 to 30 eggs at a time the hatching stay", "gzgxVEgadAY-00007-00005454-00006348": "in 55 to 110 days finally the crocodile opened their mouth to cool down and to clean the taste", "gzgxVEgadAY-00008-00006348-00006942": "to sum up crocodile is the dangerous anymore please stay away from them that's all thanks"}}, {"audio_id": "gzk6Gljty_I", "text": {"gzk6Gljty_I-00000-00000080-00000312": "Hello, I'm a cartoonist, Kwon Tae Sung.", "gzk6Gljty_I-00001-00000684-00001010": "Let's start [Colour Work Video] 2 following the first one.", "gzk6Gljty_I-00002-00001554-00001918": "In the Photoshop program, draw basic colors along the outline of the picture.", "gzk6Gljty_I-00003-00002366-00002630": "When the outline is complete, it fills up the color.", "gzk6Gljty_I-00004-00003036-00003326": "It also fills the eyes with white.", "gzk6Gljty_I-00005-00004910-00005188": "Next, I'll draw the dog's tongue along the outline.", "gzk6Gljty_I-00006-00005788-00006044": "Fill it up with color.", "gzk6Gljty_I-00007-00006216-00006468": "The puppy's lips are also colored.", "gzk6Gljty_I-00008-00007400-00007659": "I'll fill his nose with color, too.", "gzk6Gljty_I-00009-00008662-00008958": "This time, the basic color is also applied to the eyes.", "gzk6Gljty_I-00010-00009840-00010128": "Put a weak shadow in the eye of the dog.", "gzk6Gljty_I-00011-00013166-00013484": "It also puts shadows on the dog's tongue.", "gzk6Gljty_I-00012-00016804-00017138": "I'll put the highlight on the nose or tongue part of", "gzk6Gljty_I-00013-00018322-00018592": "The dog's eyes also shine.", "gzk6Gljty_I-00014-00024870-00025488": "Now I'm going to paint the dog's hair, and I'm going to paint it white by choosing a brush that will give it the feel of fur on its base.", "gzk6Gljty_I-00015-00026674-00027033": "The most important thing is sketch, but I think it takes the most time to paint a dog's hair.", "gzk6Gljty_I-00016-00031774-00032104": "I like a white dog when I draw only with a pencil, but when I paint it, it's the opposite", "gzk6Gljty_I-00017-00032876-00033182": "I'll put in the background color so that the dog's picture is separated from the background part.", "gzk6Gljty_I-00018-00033540-00033740": "I draw shadows.", "gzk6Gljty_I-00019-00034700-00035250": "Usually, I use a brush from a sketchbook program to draw hair, but I use a wide brush brush from Photoshop because it has not been painted properly.", "gzk6Gljty_I-00020-00036218-00036552": "This time, I'll draw the dark hair again in the sketchbook program.", "gzk6Gljty_I-00021-00041486-00041758": "The curly hair of the Bichon Frise is being completed.", "gzk6Gljty_I-00022-00050088-00050392": "I'd like to draw a little detail now.", "gzk6Gljty_I-00023-00051126-00051491": "Using a pencil brush, draw the dog's nose, eyes, and hair around its mouth.", "gzk6Gljty_I-00024-00052346-00052700": "This part has relatively no hair, so it reveals dark skin.", "gzk6Gljty_I-00025-00065590-00065910": "Now I'm going to show you the outer white fur of a dog's painting.", "gzk6Gljty_I-00026-00066506-00066846": "Hairy animals don't have a clean outline like humans.", "gzk6Gljty_I-00027-00067492-00067950": "So, it naturally expresses white hair along the perimeter.", "gzk6Gljty_I-00028-00068446-00068824": "And so does the eyes and the nose, and it paints a tiny part of the dog's hair.", "gzk6Gljty_I-00029-00078872-00079072": "The painting is almost finished.", "gzk6Gljty_I-00030-00079830-00080030": "Did you enjoy it?", "gzk6Gljty_I-00031-00080458-00080828": "Thank you for watching me so far. Then, I'll come back with another video.", "gzk6Gljty_I-00032-00081120-00081292": "Thank you!"}}, {"audio_id": "gzoOApBYyig", "text": {"gzoOApBYyig-00000-00000830-00001048": "There are many, many different types of Commons.", "gzoOApBYyig-00001-00001048-00001638": "In fact, Commons are best understood in their particularity rather than in the abstract.", "gzoOApBYyig-00002-00001714-00002218": "In Switzerland, there is a canton that has a sophisticated irrigation system in the", "gzoOApBYyig-00003-00002218-00002777": "Alps that catches water directly from glaciers and brings it to villages and farms.", "gzoOApBYyig-00004-00002777-00002943": "It's run as a Commons.", "gzoOApBYyig-00005-00003023-00003561": "There is an open source community called Open Source Ecology that is building agricultural", "gzoOApBYyig-00006-00003561-00004162": "equipment that is inexpensive, modular, locally sourced and freely adaptable.", "gzoOApBYyig-00007-00004214-00004848": "Time Banking is an international local time-barter exchange movement that allows cash-poor communities,", "gzoOApBYyig-00008-00004848-00005440": "such as the elderly and the poor and the unemployed, to meet their everyday needs by trading their", "gzoOApBYyig-00009-00005440-00005586": "talents with each other.", "gzoOApBYyig-00010-00005756-00006364": "The Nutrient Dense Project is a Commons for technical knowledge and tools that enables", "gzoOApBYyig-00011-00006364-00006644": "farmer-to-farmer cooperation and science.", "gzoOApBYyig-00012-00006644-00006947": "It consists of a small group of volunteers of", "gzoOApBYyig-00013-00006947-00007333": "farmers, gardeners, orchardists, ranchers and researchers.", "gzoOApBYyig-00014-00007446-00008060": "These are just a few of the thousands upon thousands of Commons that exists in the world.", "gzoOApBYyig-00015-00008320-00008904": "You see, the Commons as a system for managing resources has been around since the beginnings of human history.", "gzoOApBYyig-00016-00008922-00009264": "It is a very old paradigm that is being rediscovered.", "gzoOApBYyig-00017-00009389-00009647": "There are no master inventory of Commons.", "gzoOApBYyig-00018-00009648-00009982": "They exist whenever a community decides that", "gzoOApBYyig-00019-00009982-00010522": "it wants to manage a shared resource for the benefit of its members, with a special emphasis", "gzoOApBYyig-00020-00010522-00010915": "on fairness, sustainability and long-term stewardship.", "gzoOApBYyig-00021-00010974-00011382": "That's why you can have Commons in places where you would never imagine them possible.", "gzoOApBYyig-00022-00011472-00012063": "There is a group of surfers in Hawaii who act as a social Commons managing access to", "gzoOApBYyig-00023-00012063-00012495": "the big waves, which is seen as a matter of safety and social etiquette.", "gzoOApBYyig-00024-00012574-00013131": "In the US, there is a Commons of nonprofit theater people, playwrights, directors,", "gzoOApBYyig-00025-00013131-00013831": "actors, theater managers, who formed a theater Commons known as HowlRound.", "gzoOApBYyig-00026-00013838-00014444": "They wanted to move away from the whole market ethic of commercial theater, and cultivate a more authentic", "gzoOApBYyig-00027-00014444-00014707": "and socially relevant type of theater.", "gzoOApBYyig-00028-00014976-00015470": "We can talk about Commons in a general sense, a Commons of water or forests or fisheries,", "gzoOApBYyig-00029-00015470-00016010": "a digital Commons of software code, or of scholarly research, or of scientific datasets....or", "gzoOApBYyig-00030-00016010-00016650": "a Commons of urban spaces, such as community gardens, urban land trusts or public squares, or", "gzoOApBYyig-00031-00016650-00017420": "Commons in agriculture, such as permaculture or Slow Food or community-supported agriculture farms.", "gzoOApBYyig-00032-00017584-00017930": "But we really have to remember that each Commons is unique.", "gzoOApBYyig-00033-00017958-00018218": "That's part of its strength because", "gzoOApBYyig-00034-00018218-00018843": "it is adapted to the specific circumstances of a given locality, its people, its history,", "gzoOApBYyig-00035-00018843-00019003": "its values and so on.", "gzoOApBYyig-00036-00019003-00019504": "Now, most of us have a certain tendency to classify Commons according to the type of", "gzoOApBYyig-00037-00019504-00019728": "resource that is being managed.", "gzoOApBYyig-00038-00019748-00020186": "So, for example, people will talk about a natural resource Commons", "gzoOApBYyig-00039-00020186-00020686": "or a digital Commons as if the resources define the Commons.", "gzoOApBYyig-00040-00020686-00020932": "But I'd like to suggest that this is really misleading", "gzoOApBYyig-00041-00020932-00021170": "because it implies that the resource, and", "gzoOApBYyig-00042-00021179-00021765": "the resource alone, determines the character of a Commons and how it can be managed.", "gzoOApBYyig-00043-00021765-00021929": "And this simply isn't true.", "gzoOApBYyig-00044-00021959-00022263": "A Commons is not just the resource itself.", "gzoOApBYyig-00045-00022290-00022640": "It is the resource plus the community that manages it", "gzoOApBYyig-00046-00022640-00023160": "plus the special rules, practices and values that the community chooses,", "gzoOApBYyig-00047-00023168-00023400": "the operating system, so to speak.", "gzoOApBYyig-00048-00023480-00024262": "So, the most salient issue is the social governance system that is negotiated, not the resource as such.", "gzoOApBYyig-00049-00024316-00024837": "This is what unites all Commons: the ways in which they all conform to varying", "gzoOApBYyig-00050-00024837-00025504": "degrees to certain principles, principles of participation or fairness, inclusiveness,", "gzoOApBYyig-00051-00025504-00026112": "transparency, and stewardship of the resource and community practices.", "gzoOApBYyig-00052-00026152-00026444": "I like to use the metaphor of DNA.", "gzoOApBYyig-00053-00026450-00026800": "Scientists will tell you that genes are deliberately", "gzoOApBYyig-00054-00026803-00027305": "under-specified so that they can adapt to local circumstances.", "gzoOApBYyig-00055-00027364-00027712": "That's why you can have a single species, such as human beings,", "gzoOApBYyig-00056-00027712-00028350": "who are essentially the same creature, same species, yet enormously diverse.", "gzoOApBYyig-00057-00028358-00029158": "Over time we've all adapted to our different local geographies, cultures and historical backgrounds.", "gzoOApBYyig-00058-00029247-00029757": "To be sure, different resources do affect how different Commons can be managed.", "gzoOApBYyig-00059-00029802-00030463": "Many natural resources are finite and can be used up which poses very different challenges", "gzoOApBYyig-00060-00030463-00030873": "than how to manage digital resources on the Internet for example,", "gzoOApBYyig-00061-00030874-00031360": "which can be easily copied and distributed for virtually free.", "gzoOApBYyig-00062-00031430-00031850": "So these factors certainly affect how communities must manage their resources.", "gzoOApBYyig-00063-00031876-00032402": "A water Commons must make sure that no one uses too much water or pollutes the water, for example", "gzoOApBYyig-00064-00032402-00033094": "whereas a Commons based on digital information doesn't have to worry about free riders", "gzoOApBYyig-00065-00033094-00033250": "or using up the resource.", "gzoOApBYyig-00066-00033262-00033546": "It needs to worry about vandals and how to best", "gzoOApBYyig-00067-00033546-00034060": "organize information so that people can access it easily and add to it easily.", "gzoOApBYyig-00068-00034212-00034768": "So rather than classify Commons by the types of resources that they manage, I think it's", "gzoOApBYyig-00069-00034769-00035357": "more accurate to point to clusters of Commons that share similar resources and social practices.", "gzoOApBYyig-00070-00035404-00036026": "You have to remember that a Commons is a dynamic and evolving, it's not just a static object or thing.", "gzoOApBYyig-00071-00036070-00036502": "So it's best to look for similarities in how relationships are managed", "gzoOApBYyig-00072-00036502-00037127": "and how people identify and come to care for the flow of resources, whether it be fish,", "gzoOApBYyig-00073-00037127-00037511": "software code irrigation water or timber.", "gzoOApBYyig-00074-00037593-00038137": "In short: talking about the Commons requires us to move from thinking about stocks of physical", "gzoOApBYyig-00075-00038137-00038495": "things to the flows of those things.", "gzoOApBYyig-00076-00038571-00039271": "It requires us to move out of the market mentality of impersonal exchange of things and into", "gzoOApBYyig-00077-00039319-00039779": "the more fluid, evolving world of social relationships.", "gzoOApBYyig-00078-00039902-00040462": "And finally, it requires us to think less in terms of ownership and money, and more in terms", "gzoOApBYyig-00079-00040462-00040624": "of long term stewardship."}}, {"audio_id": "gzqrwFWM3RE", "text": {"gzqrwFWM3RE-00000-00000328-00002064": "getting done i think we have a fantastic future in this group", "gzqrwFWM3RE-00001-00002064-00002432": "just because of the energy and the commitment of the passion that you guys", "gzqrwFWM3RE-00002-00002432-00002984": "feel", "gzqrwFWM3RE-00003-00003600-00004384": "we want everybody to be part of part one if you're not without one you're really missing out", "gzqrwFWM3RE-00004-00005608-00005784": "my", "gzqrwFWM3RE-00005-00006631-00006936": "i'm never going to give up and i'm never going to take no for an answer i'm going", "gzqrwFWM3RE-00006-00006936-00008584": "to do what it takes to get where i want nothing is impossible you can do anything everybody can", "gzqrwFWM3RE-00007-00008952-00009488": "save your own rights every single week make sure that you keep training your", "gzqrwFWM3RE-00008-00009488-00010032": "downlines building your networks and we will continue pushing out all these great products", "gzqrwFWM3RE-00009-00010880-00011728": "we are going to change the industry we are going to help customers to enter fun and thrilling games", "gzqrwFWM3RE-00010-00012424-00014184": "when you have a mindset that's clear and distinct you will become", "gzqrwFWM3RE-00011-00015136-00015584": "nothing is impossible", "gzqrwFWM3RE-00012-00015832-00016984": "is", "gzqrwFWM3RE-00013-00019552-00019784": "um", "gzqrwFWM3RE-00014-00020104-00020448": "number one first one let's go join us now", "gzqrwFWM3RE-00015-00020448-00021184": "uh", "gzqrwFWM3RE-00016-00024176-00025384": "foreign", "gzqrwFWM3RE-00017-00026000-00026783": "foreign", "gzqrwFWM3RE-00018-00028408-00029056": "i had the greatest opportunity in my life to come to this amazing cruise with all my friends", "gzqrwFWM3RE-00019-00029152-00029664": "all the members who are in cloud 1 should be here it doesn't matter where you are from any", "gzqrwFWM3RE-00020-00029664-00030280": "part of the world food here is exceptional everything is actually on top of the game", "gzqrwFWM3RE-00021-00030280-00030983": "guys this is an opportunity of a lifetime", "gzqrwFWM3RE-00022-00031456-00032383": "is", "gzqrwFWM3RE-00023-00032576-00033784": "is", "gzqrwFWM3RE-00024-00035120-00035184": "is"}}, {"audio_id": "gzBtJ-vbZKy", "text": {"gzBtJ-vbZKy-00000-00000000-00000461": "Hello my awesome subscribers Thank you for clicking on the video (Family Medicine Faculty, Master's degree in instructional technology, D.B.A., Work Stress Research CEO)", "gzBtJ-vbZKy-00001-00000461-00000821": "Today's topic will be Keeping old food in the freezer", "gzBtJ-vbZKy-00002-00000821-00001033": "for too long can be dangerous.", "gzBtJ-vbZKy-00003-00001033-00001520": "Many of you keep food in the freezer for a long time, right?", "gzBtJ-vbZKy-00004-00001520-00001750": "In fact many think", "gzBtJ-vbZKy-00005-00001750-00001982": "keeping food in the freezer won't make it go bad.", "gzBtJ-vbZKy-00006-00001982-00002236": "But according to experts,", "gzBtJ-vbZKy-00007-00002236-00002555": "this prevents germs from multiplying but", "gzBtJ-vbZKy-00008-00002555-00002862": "can't entirely kill germs.", "gzBtJ-vbZKy-00009-00002862-00003151": "It's rather easy for some germs to multiply", "gzBtJ-vbZKy-00010-00003151-00003336": "in colder temperature.", "gzBtJ-vbZKy-00011-00003336-00003578": "So I'm gonna talk about this and", "gzBtJ-vbZKy-00012-00003578-00003864": "also introduce 3 ways", "gzBtJ-vbZKy-00013-00003864-00004078": "of safely eating foods in the freezer.", "gzBtJ-vbZKy-00014-00004078-00004384": "If you're curious about this story, please watch till the end. If this video was helpful", "gzBtJ-vbZKy-00015-00004384-00004769": "please give me 'thumbs up', 'subscribe'  and press the 'notification bell'. Thank you very much.", "gzBtJ-vbZKy-00016-00005468-00005885": "Hello everyone.  I'm Lee Dong-hwan, a doctor of education and a family medicine specialist. (Family Medicine Faculty, Master's degree in instructional technolgy,  D.B.A., Work Stress Research CEO)", "gzBtJ-vbZKy-00017-00005885-00006256": "We all worry bout food poisoning in the summer.", "gzBtJ-vbZKy-00018-00006256-00006489": "But food poisioning happens in the winter too.", "gzBtJ-vbZKy-00019-00006489-00006809": "Why? That's cause there are germs", "gzBtJ-vbZKy-00020-00006809-00007209": "that mulitply well and don't die easily in low temperature.", "gzBtJ-vbZKy-00021-00007209-00007481": "That germ is noro virus!", "gzBtJ-vbZKy-00022-00007481-00007872": "Noro virus is the main cause of winter enteritis.", "gzBtJ-vbZKy-00023-00007872-00008230": "Anyway we can't just feel safe by putting food in the freezer.", "gzBtJ-vbZKy-00024-00008230-00008662": "Generally bacterias can't move around", "gzBtJ-vbZKy-00025-00008662-00008843": "conditions that maintain", "gzBtJ-vbZKy-00026-00008843-00009224": "minus 17 to 18 degrees", "gzBtJ-vbZKy-00027-00009224-00009482": "so that can help maintain food.", "gzBtJ-vbZKy-00028-00009482-00009782": "But our refrigerator is different.", "gzBtJ-vbZKy-00029-00009782-00010216": "A home refrigerator is opened and closed very often", "gzBtJ-vbZKy-00030-00010216-00010458": "so it's hard to maintain  that temperature for a long time.", "gzBtJ-vbZKy-00031-00010458-00010686": "That's why home freezers", "gzBtJ-vbZKy-00032-00010686-00010918": "aren't that safe.", "gzBtJ-vbZKy-00033-00010918-00011229": "So I will introduce", "gzBtJ-vbZKy-00034-00011229-00011437": "3 things to consider", "gzBtJ-vbZKy-00035-00011437-00011728": "when eating freezed food.", "gzBtJ-vbZKy-00036-00011728-00012099": "First is the safe way to  defrost food.", "gzBtJ-vbZKy-00037-00012099-00012481": "Rather than defrosting food in room temperature", "gzBtJ-vbZKy-00038-00012481-00012811": "I recommend you slowly defrost  it in the refrigerator.", "gzBtJ-vbZKy-00039-00012811-00013136": "This allows lesser  mulitplication of germs.", "gzBtJ-vbZKy-00040-00013136-00013451": "Next is defrosting by dipping it in water.", "gzBtJ-vbZKy-00041-00013451-00013686": "You gotta seal it well and clean", "gzBtJ-vbZKy-00042-00013686-00014063": "so the water doesn't go in.", "gzBtJ-vbZKy-00043-00014063-00014330": "Then you dip it in the water but normally", "gzBtJ-vbZKy-00044-00014330-00014616": "some dip it in warm water to defrost it faster.", "gzBtJ-vbZKy-00045-00014616-00014857": "But I say it's", "gzBtJ-vbZKy-00046-00014857-00015210": "safer to slowly defrost it in cold water.", "gzBtJ-vbZKy-00047-00015210-00015365": "There's something you must be cautious of", "gzBtJ-vbZKy-00048-00015365-00015724": "which is refreezing food after defrosting!", "gzBtJ-vbZKy-00049-00015724-00016052": "This is something you must never do.", "gzBtJ-vbZKy-00050-00016052-00016338": "Second I'll", "gzBtJ-vbZKy-00051-00016338-00016603": "explain how to use the freezer.", "gzBtJ-vbZKy-00052-00016603-00016781": "It's natural", "gzBtJ-vbZKy-00053-00016781-00017006": "to put older food in the back.", "gzBtJ-vbZKy-00054-00017006-00017270": "Then people often put meat or fish", "gzBtJ-vbZKy-00055-00017270-00017658": "but remove the blood well.", "gzBtJ-vbZKy-00056-00017658-00017836": "Cause it will go bad", "gzBtJ-vbZKy-00057-00017836-00018217": "easily if you put it in the freezer with blood left.", "gzBtJ-vbZKy-00058-00018217-00018451": "So wash it well and remove the blood", "gzBtJ-vbZKy-00059-00018451-00018686": "and remove the moisture", "gzBtJ-vbZKy-00060-00018686-00019017": "then put it in the freezer which is best.", "gzBtJ-vbZKy-00061-00019017-00019207": "Also it's less effective", "gzBtJ-vbZKy-00062-00019207-00019526": "if there's too much food in the freezer.", "gzBtJ-vbZKy-00063-00019526-00019994": "So it's safer to fill in bout 70%", "gzBtJ-vbZKy-00064-00019994-00020307": "of the freezer with food.", "gzBtJ-vbZKy-00065-00020307-00020476": "The third option is", "gzBtJ-vbZKy-00066-00020476-00020904": "well the most important, is to sanitize cooking utensils.", "gzBtJ-vbZKy-00067-00020904-00021132": "According to WHO,", "gzBtJ-vbZKy-00068-00021132-00021332": "25% of food poisoning", "gzBtJ-vbZKy-00069-00021332-00021583": "comes from germs infected by food utensils.", "gzBtJ-vbZKy-00070-00021583-00021918": "Infection by food utensils is", "gzBtJ-vbZKy-00071-00021918-00022100": "called cross-contamination.", "gzBtJ-vbZKy-00072-00022100-00022386": "To prevent cross-contamination,", "gzBtJ-vbZKy-00073-00022386-00022662": "sanitize utensils like knives and", "gzBtJ-vbZKy-00074-00022662-00022946": "cutting boards right away.", "gzBtJ-vbZKy-00075-00022946-00023364": "We are easily exposed to food poisioning", "gzBtJ-vbZKy-00076-00023364-00023707": "when using knives and cutting boards used for raw beef", "gzBtJ-vbZKy-00077-00023707-00023927": "and raw chicken", "gzBtJ-vbZKy-00078-00023927-00024354": "cause that's where the germs are infected from", "gzBtJ-vbZKy-00079-00024354-00024522": "so wash em well.", "gzBtJ-vbZKy-00080-00024522-00024862": "It's especially important to boil", "gzBtJ-vbZKy-00081-00024862-00025117": "dishcloths and sponges in", "gzBtJ-vbZKy-00082-00025117-00025376": "hot water for about 10 minutes!", "gzBtJ-vbZKy-00083-00025376-00025645": "Today I introduced how old food", "gzBtJ-vbZKy-00084-00025645-00025824": "in the freezer is not always safe.", "gzBtJ-vbZKy-00085-00025824-00026167": "It seems like many are  suffering from food poisoning and", "gzBtJ-vbZKy-00086-00026167-00026293": "and many suffer", "gzBtJ-vbZKy-00087-00026293-00026497": "from food poisoning in the winter too.", "gzBtJ-vbZKy-00088-00026497-00026726": "So I hope you take good care of this", "gzBtJ-vbZKy-00089-00026726-00027054": "and live a healthy life. Thanks~!"}}, {"audio_id": "gzSofLedhsY", "text": {"gzSofLedhsY-00000-00000600-00002667": "'I declare this thing open, whatever it is.' During a visit to Canada in 1969.  'It looks like a tart's bedroom,' - on seeing plans for the Duke and Duchess of York's house at Sunninghill Park in 1988.", "gzSofLedhsY-00001-00002817-00004289": "To a driving instructor in Scotland, during a 1995 walkabout: 'How do you keep the natives off the booze long enough to get them through the test?'", "gzSofLedhsY-00002-00004439-00005784": "Pointing at an old-fashioned fusebox in a factory near Edinburgh in 1999: 'It looks as if it was put in by an Indian.'", "gzSofLedhsY-00003-00005934-00007219": "In Kenya, in 1984, after accepting a small gift from a local woman: 'You are a woman, aren't you?'", "gzSofLedhsY-00004-00007369-00008690": "In Australia, in 1992, when asked to stroke a Koala bear: 'Oh no, I might catch some ghastly disease.'", "gzSofLedhsY-00005-00008840-00010142": "'You can't have been here that long, you haven't got a pot belly' - to a Briton in Budapest, Hungary, in 1993.", "gzSofLedhsY-00006-00010292-00011464": "'Aren't most of you descended from pirates?' - to a resident of the Cayman Islands in 1994.", "gzSofLedhsY-00007-00011614-00014056": "At a tree-planting ceremony in Hyde Park in 2011, the Queen met 16-year-old Army cadet Stephen Menary, who lost an arm and most of his sight in an IRA bomb attack. When the Queen asked him how much he could see, Philip interjected: 'Not a lot, judging by the tie he's wearing.'", "gzSofLedhsY-00008-00014206-00015463": "'You managed not to get eaten, then?' - to a student who had been trekking in Papua New Guinea in 1998.", "gzSofLedhsY-00009-00015613-00016995": "'I wish he'd turn the microphone off' - muttered at the Royal Variety Performance as he watched Sir Elton John perform, 2001.", "gzSofLedhsY-00010-00017145-00018583": "'You look like a suicide bomber,' to a young female officer wearing a bullet-proof vest on Stornoway, Isle of Lewis, in 2002.", "gzSofLedhsY-00011-00018733-00020011": "To young designer Stephen Judge in July 2009: 'Well, you didn't design your beard too well, did you?'", "gzSofLedhsY-00012-00020161-00021496": "Addressing multi-ethnic Britain's Got Talent winners Diversity, who are from London, in 2009: 'Are you all one family?'", "gzSofLedhsY-00013-00021646-00023804": "'Children go to school because their parents don't want them in the house' - prompting giggles from Malala Yousafzai, who survived an assassination attempt by the Taliban after campaigning for the right of girls to go to school without fear - October 2013.", "gzSofLedhsY-00014-00023954-00025376": "To the Queen at her coronation: 'Where did you get that hat?' On Princess Anne: 'If it doesn't fart or eat hay, she's not interested.'", "gzSofLedhsY-00015-00025526-00026957": "To disabled comedian Adam Hills, who has a prosthetic foot, in 2009: 'You could smuggle a bottle of gin out of the country in that.'", "gzSofLedhsY-00016-00027107-00028377": "He told Paraguay's dictator General Alfredo Stroessner: 'It's a pleasure to be in a country that isn't ruled by its people.'", "gzSofLedhsY-00017-00028527-00029850": "Speaking to singer Tom Jones after the 1969 Royal Variety Performance: 'What do you gargle with, pebbles?'", "gzSofLedhsY-00018-00030000-00031402": "In 2010 he asked disabled mobility scooter rider David Miller, 60: 'How many people have you knocked over this morning on that thing?'", "gzSofLedhsY-00019-00031552-00033055": "After being told Madonna was singing the Die Another Day theme at the film's world premiere at the Albert Hall in 2002 he asked her: 'Are we going to need ear plugs?'", "gzSofLedhsY-00020-00033205-00035359": "In Ghana in 1999 he asked an MP: 'How many members of Parliament do you have?' When told 200, he replied: 'That's about the right number. We have 650 and most of them are a complete bloody waste of time.'", "gzSofLedhsY-00021-00035509-00037151": "Overheard in 2005 at Bristol University's engineering facility, which had been closed so that he could officially open it: 'It doesn't look like much work goes on at this university.'", "gzSofLedhsY-00022-00037301-00038924": "As he and the Queen walked down the aisle through a fog of holy smoke in a birthday service in a high church in 2004, he asked: 'Is this a celebration or a cremation?'", "gzSofLedhsY-00023-00039074-00040870": "After a meal of venison at Magdalen College, Oxford, in 2008, Philip spotted a herd of deer in the grounds and asked the bursar: 'How many of those buggers did you have to shoot for lunch then?'", "gzSofLedhsY-00024-00041020-00042382": "Then, on being told the supply had come from Kent he quipped: 'Well, don't tell Charles because he likes everyone to buy local!'", "gzSofLedhsY-00025-00042532-00043949": "In 2008, to a soldier whose head had been injured by shrapnel from an explosive device packed with ball-bearings: 'Does your head rattle?'", "gzSofLedhsY-00026-00044099-00045333": "In 1955, when asked what he felt about his life: 'I'd much rather have stayed in the Navy frankly.'", "gzSofLedhsY-00027-00045483-00047257": "At a reception to honour Australians, Philip met the husband of Gill Hicks, who lost her legs in the July 2005 London bombings. 'You're not Australian!' said Philip.", "gzSofLedhsY-00028-00047407-00048817": "'No, actually I'm not important, I'm just here because of my wife,' he said. 'Tell me about it!' said the Prince.", "gzSofLedhsY-00029-00048967-00051068": "On a 1961 visit to Sheffield's Hallam University, he was shown a plastic dummy which talked, used in medical training. The dummy lay in bed saying: 'I don't feel well.' Philip replied: 'Frankly you don't look well!'", "gzSofLedhsY-00030-00051217-00053004": "To Welsh singer Katherine Jenkins in 2007: 'How are your vocal cords?' Miss Jenkins: 'Fine thank you.' Philip replied: 'No boils or warts on them yet?'", "gzSofLedhsY-00031-00053154-00055464": "During the same walkabout in Kent in 2012 where he joked about being arrested for unzipping a woman's dress, he spotted 90-year-old Barbara Dubery sitting in a wheelchair, wrapped in a foil blanket to fend off the cold . . . and asked: 'Are they going to put you in the oven next?'", "gzSofLedhsY-00032-00055614-00056846": "At a Buckingham Palace dinner in 2011 Philip listened to tenor Russell Watson's stirring rendition of Jerusalem.", "gzSofLedhsY-00033-00056996-00058910": "As it ended he said: 'Why do you need a bloody microphone? They could have heard you in outer space.' He then turned to the singer's partner Louise Harris and added: 'You must go deaf listening to him all the time.'", "gzSofLedhsY-00034-00059060-00060657": "During a 1991 visit to Swansea he met four local belly dancers and told them: 'I thought Eastern women just sat around smoking pipes and eating sweets all day.'", "gzSofLedhsY-00035-00060807-00062625": "On a visit to Hull in 2009 he met victims of bad floods, many of whom had lost their homes. Bidding farewell to council leader Carl Minns, he said: 'Keep your head above water!'", "gzSofLedhsY-00036-00062775-00064686": "At a G20 summit, the Queen asked of Italian leader Silvio Berlusconi: 'Why does he talk so loudly?' Philip replied: 'He is Italian, my dear, how else would he sell his ice creams?'", "gzSofLedhsY-00037-00064836-00066210": "'Are you responsible for making people overweight in Crawley?' - to the manager of a cake shop on a 2006 visit to the town.", "gzSofLedhsY-00038-00066360-00068658": "At a 2008 Buckingham Palace reception he was introduced to Oscar-winning actress Cate Blanchett. Thinking she was a film technician he asked: 'Do you know how to fix my broken DVD player? There's a cord sticking out of the back and I don't know where it goes.'", "gzSofLedhsY-00039-00068808-00070525": "During a 2009 Buckingham Palace reception for British Indians, Philip glanced at business chief Atul Patel's name badge - and remarked: 'There's a lot of your family in tonight!'", "gzSofLedhsY-00040-00070675-00072701": "On a state visit to Britain in 2015, President Xi Jinping of China was shown some Chinese treasures from the Royal Collection. Philip told him: 'You can't claim any of them back - we check your luggage before you go!'", "gzSofLedhsY-00041-00072851-00074323": "For a 2016 programme about the 60th anniversary of the Duke of Edinburgh's Award scheme, presenter Phillip Schofield performed a wing walk.", "gzSofLedhsY-00042-00074473-00075868": "'Why are you doing that?' asked Philip. 'Does someone not like you? Open your mouth up there and you'll blow up like a balloon.'", "gzSofLedhsY-00043-00076018-00078160": "He later introduced Schofield to a parachutist saying, 'Meet a fellow idiot.' At a Buckingham Palace reception to thank those involved in the Diamond Jubilee celebrations in 2012, Prince Philip met Conservative Health Secretary Jeremy Hunt.", "gzSofLedhsY-00044-00078310-00080252": "'Who are you?' he asked. Hunt explained he was Health Secretary but that he'd been Culture Secretary during the Jubilee and Olympics. 'Well they do move you people on a lot,' said Philip, walking off.", "gzSofLedhsY-00045-00080402-00082748": "In 2006 an official at a Canadian airport asked the Duke: 'What was your flight like, Your Royal Highness?' Philip: 'Have you ever flown in a plane?' Official: 'Oh yes, Sir, many times.' Philip: 'Well, it was just like that.'", "gzSofLedhsY-00046-00082898-00085037": "On a visit to open the headquarters of GB Airways at Gatwick Airport in 2000, Philip chatted to pilots and cabin crew and told them: 'When you think of all the publicity about planes being dangerous to fly in, I wonder, why aren't all of you dead?'", "gzSofLedhsY-00047-00085187-00086618": "In 2009, a young man told him he'd worked with the Samaritans. He replied: 'You didn't try to commit suicide did you?'", "gzSofLedhsY-00048-00086768-00088797": "As he sat with the Queen at the Royal Variety Show in 2014, watching a male stripper scene from The Full Monty, Philip told their biographer Gyles Brandreth: 'Don't worry, she's been to Papua New Guinea and seen it all before!'", "gzSofLedhsY-00049-00088947-00090935": "On a visit to the GCHQ building in Cheltenham in 2004, Labour MP Chris Mullin asked Philip about the modern design, saying: 'Would Charles approve?' 'Charles who?' replied the Duke.", "gzSofLedhsY-00050-00091085-00092435": "His most infamous gaffe came in 1986 when he told a British student in China: 'If you stay here much longer you'll be slitty-eyed.'", "gzSofLedhsY-00051-00092585-00094031": "In 2005, a female reporter asked him: 'I wondered if you might like to talk to me?' He replied: 'You can carry on wondering.'", "gzSofLedhsY-00052-00094181-00095593": "After meeting Gogglebox regulars Sandra Martin and Sandy Channer in 2016: 'Well, I won't be watching you, that's for sure!'", "gzSofLedhsY-00053-00095743-00097685": "In 2006, to comedian David Walliams after he swam the English Channel for Sport Relief: 'Is this the nut who swam the channel?' Turning to Walliams's mother, he added: 'Any more nuts in your family?'", "gzSofLedhsY-00054-00097835-00099463": "AS the Queen opened a dental hospital in 2015 in Birmingham, Philip asked the crowd: 'Are you all here to get your teeth done? We don't want to jump the queue.'", "gzSofLedhsY-00055-00099613-00101618": "At a 2014 reception for a disability charity, Philip saw ex-rugby player Alastair Hignell in a high-tech wheelchair that could be raised or lowered as required. He said: 'That must be good for cocktail parties.'", "gzSofLedhsY-00056-00101768-00103115": "He then told BBC disability correspondent Nikki Fox - who was in a normal mobility scooter: 'You should get yourself one!'", "gzSofLedhsY-00057-00103265-00104905": "Extracted from Prince Philip: Wise Words And Golden Gaffes by Phil Dampier and Ashley Roberts, published by Barzipan Publishing at £8.95."}}, {"audio_id": "g-516LUN4-c", "text": {"g-516LUN4-c-00000-00000318-00000453": "- Over the last 30 years,", "g-516LUN4-c-00001-00000453-00000762": "microelectronics manufacturing has been outsourced.", "g-516LUN4-c-00002-00000762-00000894": "And as that has happened,", "g-516LUN4-c-00003-00000894-00001101": "student interest in pursuing careers", "g-516LUN4-c-00004-00001101-00001435": "in microelectronics has steadily declined.", "g-516LUN4-c-00005-00001435-00001660": "Even in areas like chip design,", "g-516LUN4-c-00006-00001660-00001903": "which have not been outsourced.", "g-516LUN4-c-00007-00001903-00002311": "So my question is, can we turn this trend around?", "g-516LUN4-c-00008-00002311-00002418": "And if so, how?", "g-516LUN4-c-00009-00002524-00002635": "- One of the big issues", "g-516LUN4-c-00010-00002635-00003017": "is that once students are even aware of some of the, like,", "g-516LUN4-c-00011-00003017-00003346": "specialized areas within microelectronics,", "g-516LUN4-c-00012-00003346-00003524": "they've already made career decisions.", "g-516LUN4-c-00013-00003524-00003849": "They've already started having co-ops, internships,", "g-516LUN4-c-00014-00003849-00004063": "thinking about who they wanna work with.", "g-516LUN4-c-00015-00004063-00004360": "It should be of no real shock to anyone", "g-516LUN4-c-00016-00004360-00004710": "that there is decrease in young people in the states", "g-516LUN4-c-00017-00004710-00004920": "going and working in defense.", "g-516LUN4-c-00018-00004920-00005220": "When we think about the messaging", "g-516LUN4-c-00019-00005220-00005471": "that the Department of Defense has done historically,", "g-516LUN4-c-00020-00005471-00005781": "they've really targeted a particular type of person.", "g-516LUN4-c-00021-00005781-00006133": "And the younger demographics are changing very much", "g-516LUN4-c-00022-00006133-00006469": "and young people haven't necessarily seen themselves", "g-516LUN4-c-00023-00006469-00006895": "as fitting in or does the DOD want someone like me?", "g-516LUN4-c-00024-00006895-00007030": "So, if we think about", "g-516LUN4-c-00025-00007030-00007238": "who would be the competitors of the DOD", "g-516LUN4-c-00026-00007238-00007336": "once the students are graduating,", "g-516LUN4-c-00027-00007336-00007620": "we're talking about Apple, Intel, Tesla.", "g-516LUN4-c-00028-00007620-00007703": "And when you...", "g-516LUN4-c-00029-00007703-00007869": "All you have to do is pop on those websites", "g-516LUN4-c-00030-00007869-00008189": "and see how they are messaging millennials,", "g-516LUN4-c-00031-00008189-00008486": "Gen Z, very specifically.", "g-516LUN4-c-00032-00008486-00008624": "- There are a lot of things", "g-516LUN4-c-00033-00008624-00008841": "we can do to support students", "g-516LUN4-c-00034-00008841-00009116": "in making their career choices, as well.", "g-516LUN4-c-00035-00009116-00009616": "And so a lot of what Kerrie Douglas has taught me", "g-516LUN4-c-00036-00009638-00009976": "is that there is basically a theory", "g-516LUN4-c-00037-00009976-00010258": "that predicts the choices that students will make", "g-516LUN4-c-00038-00010258-00010416": "in terms of their careers", "g-516LUN4-c-00039-00010416-00010785": "called Social Cognitive Career Theory or SCCT.", "g-516LUN4-c-00040-00010873-00011012": "And what that tells us", "g-516LUN4-c-00041-00011012-00011352": "is that while personality plays a role,", "g-516LUN4-c-00042-00011352-00011600": "support plays a huge factor.", "g-516LUN4-c-00043-00011600-00011772": "So, all the types of support", "g-516LUN4-c-00044-00011772-00011960": "that we can give to students", "g-516LUN4-c-00045-00011960-00012213": "in making decisions about their career,", "g-516LUN4-c-00046-00012213-00012713": "both in terms of providing awareness, providing motivation,", "g-516LUN4-c-00047-00012786-00013158": "but also in terms of providing resources to those students,", "g-516LUN4-c-00048-00013158-00013474": "to learn about these topics and to get engaged", "g-516LUN4-c-00049-00013474-00013606": "is really critical.", "g-516LUN4-c-00050-00013606-00013732": "And so for scale,", "g-516LUN4-c-00051-00013732-00014066": "what that means is more than just traditional classes", "g-516LUN4-c-00052-00014066-00014266": "but then you also need to have projects.", "g-516LUN4-c-00053-00014266-00014526": "So, students get involved in specific projects", "g-516LUN4-c-00054-00014526-00014747": "that are really exciting and interesting.", "g-516LUN4-c-00055-00014747-00014910": "So, they actually learn about", "g-516LUN4-c-00056-00015013-00015211": "how they can use microelectronics", "g-516LUN4-c-00057-00015211-00015538": "in a real context and solve a real user problem.", "g-516LUN4-c-00058-00015538-00015680": "And then finally,", "g-516LUN4-c-00059-00015680-00015876": "like working out the companies", "g-516LUN4-c-00060-00015876-00016215": "and the government organizations through internships", "g-516LUN4-c-00061-00016215-00016486": "where they actually get real world world exposure", "g-516LUN4-c-00062-00016486-00016769": "to the types of problems that these organizations", "g-516LUN4-c-00063-00016769-00016886": "are trying to solve.", "g-516LUN4-c-00064-00016886-00017110": "And then that can provide a pathway", "g-516LUN4-c-00065-00017110-00017390": "to potential employment after graduation as well.", "g-516LUN4-c-00066-00017390-00017596": "- And so, as we think about our role", "g-516LUN4-c-00067-00017596-00017822": "as a public land-grant institution,", "g-516LUN4-c-00068-00017822-00018096": "and particularly a public land-grant institution", "g-516LUN4-c-00069-00018096-00018245": "in the Midwest.", "g-516LUN4-c-00070-00018245-00018686": "Wow, this is gonna be the largest FARB in the world.", "g-516LUN4-c-00071-00018686-00019047": "And it's within 250 miles of Purdue.", "g-516LUN4-c-00072-00019047-00019255": "So, it's changing the dynamic.", "g-516LUN4-c-00073-00019255-00019755": "We have always sat between the very significant growth", "g-516LUN4-c-00074-00020041-00020260": "on the East Coast and the West Coast,", "g-516LUN4-c-00075-00020260-00020537": "but now this is coming to our backyard.", "g-516LUN4-c-00076-00020537-00020673": "And what that's gonna do", "g-516LUN4-c-00077-00020673-00021072": "is bring a significant supply chain to this region.", "g-516LUN4-c-00078-00021072-00021237": "I'd just like to conclude again,", "g-516LUN4-c-00079-00021237-00021469": "by celebrating all of the successes", "g-516LUN4-c-00080-00021469-00021877": "and the very strong commitment that our faculty have", "g-516LUN4-c-00081-00021877-00022206": "to really ensuring that we continue", "g-516LUN4-c-00082-00022206-00022483": "to advance the state of the art and the technology", "g-516LUN4-c-00083-00022483-00022850": "and really address these critical aspects", "g-516LUN4-c-00084-00022850-00023204": "of our economic prosperity and our national security", "g-516LUN4-c-00085-00023204-00023525": "through our deep work with the Department of Defense."}}, {"audio_id": "g-iYTmWLuKo", "text": {"g-iYTmWLuKo-00000-00000110-00000406": "hello friends welcome to our channel how to know technology and science", "g-iYTmWLuKo-00001-00000406-00000705": "i am back with a new video . lets go to the video", "g-iYTmWLuKo-00002-00000715-00001004": "i am going to showing in this video vodefone airtel idea", "g-iYTmWLuKo-00003-00001004-00001268": "in this three sim what is they done?", "g-iYTmWLuKo-00004-00001268-00001580": "they are saying that recharge 35 rupees every month", "g-iYTmWLuKo-00005-00001580-00001849": "if you not done this recharge they are", "g-iYTmWLuKo-00006-00001849-00002142": "stop incoming and outgoing services", "g-iYTmWLuKo-00007-00002142-00002389": "not matter in out going call", "g-iYTmWLuKo-00008-00002389-00002628": "but why they stop incoming call??????????? this my question", "g-iYTmWLuKo-00009-00002647-00002962": "you can not get this facitility", "g-iYTmWLuKo-00010-00002967-00003255": "if you want to increase this facility", "g-iYTmWLuKo-00011-00003255-00003415": "so see the full video", "g-iYTmWLuKo-00012-00004325-00004643": "subscribe our channel how to know technology and science", "g-iYTmWLuKo-00013-00004768-00004968": "and press the bell icon", "g-iYTmWLuKo-00014-00004968-00005161": "click on like bottom", "g-iYTmWLuKo-00015-00005350-00005631": "so in the video", "g-iYTmWLuKo-00016-00005631-00005934": "what you do??", "g-iYTmWLuKo-00017-00005934-00006243": "you have a sim VODEFONE AIRTEL IDEA", "g-iYTmWLuKo-00018-00006243-00006549": "YOU HAVE ANY SIM.AS FOR EXAMPLE YOU HAVE AIRTELL SIM NOW", "g-iYTmWLuKo-00019-00006549-00006848": "WHAT YOU WITH AIRTEL SIM??", "g-iYTmWLuKo-00020-00006848-00007151": "\"PORT\"", "g-iYTmWLuKo-00021-00007151-00007251": "YOU NUMBER LIKE MY NUMBER    PORT **********", "g-iYTmWLuKo-00022-00007282-00007583": "MY NUMBER    PORT **********", "g-iYTmWLuKo-00023-00007583-00007890": "SEND THIS SMS TO 1900", "g-iYTmWLuKo-00024-00007890-00008186": "WHEN YOU WILL THIS MASSAGE SEND IN THIS NUMBER THEY WILL ASKED YOU THAT", "g-iYTmWLuKo-00025-00008186-00008468": "WHY ARE YOU LEAVING OUR SIM COMPAY?", "g-iYTmWLuKo-00026-00008468-00008806": "SO THEY ARE MANY REASON", "g-iYTmWLuKo-00027-00008806-00009246": "AT THE END YOU CAN SEE 5) OTHER", "g-iYTmWLuKo-00028-00009246-00009389": "IN THIS OPTION SEND VALIDITY PROBLEM", "g-iYTmWLuKo-00029-00009389-00009691": "WRITE VALIDITY PROBLEM", "g-iYTmWLuKo-00030-00009691-00009943": "THEY WERE CALLING BACK TO YOU", "g-iYTmWLuKo-00031-00009943-00010045": "THEY ASKING YOU", "g-iYTmWLuKo-00032-00010095-00010236": "WHY ARE YOU LEAVING OUR SIM COMPANY", "g-iYTmWLuKo-00033-00010360-00010647": "WHY YOU GOING TO OTHER OPERATOR", "g-iYTmWLuKo-00035-00010947-00011147": "WE ARE GIVING MUCH MORE MONEY FOR VALIDITY PLAN", "g-iYTmWLuKo-00036-00011147-00011263": "25 RECHARGE", "g-iYTmWLuKo-00037-00011263-00011511": "35 RECHARGE FOR THE LONG TIME", "g-iYTmWLuKo-00038-00011511-00011771": "THAT WE CAN DONE EVERY MONTH YOU CAN SAY LIKE THAT", "g-iYTmWLuKo-00039-00011847-00012141": "AFTER THAT", "g-iYTmWLuKo-00040-00012141-00012483": "IF THEY ARE INCREASED YOUR VALIDITY PLAN SO STAY IN THERE SIM", "g-iYTmWLuKo-00041-00012529-00012834": "IF IS NOT SO YOU CAN PORT YOUR SIM", "g-iYTmWLuKo-00042-00012834-00013146": "I WILL SAY BSNL NEED 1 RUPEES MORE", "g-iYTmWLuKo-00043-00013146-00013246": "ONLY ONE RUPEES", "g-iYTmWLuKo-00044-00013276-00013523": "36 RUPESES FOR SIX MONTH", "g-iYTmWLuKo-00045-00013523-00013743": "OR YOU CAN TAKE JIO SIM", "g-iYTmWLuKo-00047-00014005-00014271": "AT THE LAST I WILL SAY PLEASE SHARE THIS VIDEO", "g-iYTmWLuKo-00048-00014271-00014519": "SO ALL THE MEMBERS OF YOUR FMAILIY AND FRIENDS KNOW THAT IT IS THE TRICKS OF IT", "g-iYTmWLuKo-00049-00014545-00014815": "NOW YOU CAN SUBSCRIBE THE CHANNEL", "g-iYTmWLuKo-00050-00014815-00015095": "PRESS THE BELL ICON I HOPED YOU LIKE THIS VIDEO THANK YOUUUUUU."}}, {"audio_id": "g-sDdi9I8I0", "text": {"g-sDdi9I8I0-00000-00000080-00000404": "Let's take a look at the tens times tables.", "g-sDdi9I8I0-00001-00000404-00000788": "You might have noticed that for these numbers", "g-sDdi9I8I0-00002-00000788-00001172": "I can write the same number  with a zero after it", "g-sDdi9I8I0-00003-00001172-00001290": "and that", "g-sDdi9I8I0-00004-00001290-00001564": "will be that number multiplied by 10", "g-sDdi9I8I0-00005-00001564-00002280": "2 times 10 is 20  10 times 10 is 100.", "g-sDdi9I8I0-00006-00002290-00002490": "Why is that?", "g-sDdi9I8I0-00007-00002494-00002602": "Can we say", "g-sDdi9I8I0-00008-00002602-00003048": "When you multiply by 10 stick a 0 at the end?", "g-sDdi9I8I0-00009-00003048-00003324": "Will it always work?", "g-sDdi9I8I0-00010-00003520-00003842": "Our number system is based on 10.", "g-sDdi9I8I0-00011-00003842-00004150": "Each place is worth  10 times as much", "g-sDdi9I8I0-00012-00004174-00004428": "as the one to its right.", "g-sDdi9I8I0-00013-00004462-00004862": "1 times 10 is 10", "g-sDdi9I8I0-00014-00004862-00005314": "10 times 10 is 100", "g-sDdi9I8I0-00015-00005314-00005597": "and 100 times 10", "g-sDdi9I8I0-00016-00005598-00005800": "is a thousand.", "g-sDdi9I8I0-00017-00005820-00006030": "Writing a zero at the end", "g-sDdi9I8I0-00018-00006030-00006326": "fills in the smaller place and moves the digit", "g-sDdi9I8I0-00019-00006327-00006754": "out to its higher place value  making it worth  ten times as much.", "g-sDdi9I8I0-00020-00006754-00007126": "It  works for all whole numbers.", "g-sDdi9I8I0-00021-00007126-00007262": "All those facts...", "g-sDdi9I8I0-00022-00007262-00007730": "3 times 10 is 30  11 times 10 is a hundred and ten...", "g-sDdi9I8I0-00023-00007731-00008394": "745 times 10 is 7450", "g-sDdi9I8I0-00024-00008394-00008456": "BUT!!!", "g-sDdi9I8I0-00025-00008456-00008738": "it doesn't *always* work .", "g-sDdi9I8I0-00026-00008738-00008843": "Now, this is a little more advanced --", "g-sDdi9I8I0-00027-00008843-00009200": "if it doesn't make sense to you yet,  don't sweat it...", "g-sDdi9I8I0-00028-00009200-00009614": "What if we had a number in between two and three ?", "g-sDdi9I8I0-00029-00009614-00009965": "Two and a half ... two point five...", "g-sDdi9I8I0-00030-00009965-00010460": "Two point five times ten is 25.", "g-sDdi9I8I0-00031-00010460-00010880": "I need to move both digits to a bigger place.", "g-sDdi9I8I0-00032-00010952-00011450": "notice 2 times 10 is 20  3 times 10 is 30", "g-sDdi9I8I0-00033-00011450-00011836": "2 and a half times 10 is halfway in between.", "g-sDdi9I8I0-00034-00011836-00012036": "25", "g-sDdi9I8I0-00035-00012036-00012362": "but don't get distracted for the times tables facts", "g-sDdi9I8I0-00036-00012362-00012431": "the zero at the end does the job.", "g-sDdi9I8I0-00037-00012431-00012982": "The legal stuff."}}, {"audio_id": "g-IVYLmTqBu", "text": {"g-IVYLmTqBu-00000-00000036-00000472": "Welcome to Assessment in Digital Learning, affectionately known as ADL!", "g-IVYLmTqBu-00001-00000472-00000846": "This course will be taught using the Canvas Course Management System.", "g-IVYLmTqBu-00002-00000846-00001292": "This short video is designed to introduce you to our virtual classroom.", "g-IVYLmTqBu-00003-00001292-00001807": "You can access Canvas on multiple devices, and there are free apps for your smart phone or tablet;", "g-IVYLmTqBu-00004-00001807-00002096": "however, for the purpose of this introduction,", "g-IVYLmTqBu-00005-00002096-00002318": "we are accessing the course on a laptop.", "g-IVYLmTqBu-00006-00002366-00002800": "Let’s take a quick tour of the course, starting from the left side of the screen.", "g-IVYLmTqBu-00007-00002800-00003134": "Here you’ll see the Global Navigation bar.", "g-IVYLmTqBu-00008-00003134-00003511": "This links you to Canvas resources and tools outside of our course.", "g-IVYLmTqBu-00009-00003511-00003957": "Think of the global navigation options as the Canvas Campus.", "g-IVYLmTqBu-00010-00003957-00004748": "Here is where you can access your Canvas profile, your dashboard, your courses, your calendar,", "g-IVYLmTqBu-00011-00004748-00004955": "and your Canvas Inbox.", "g-IVYLmTqBu-00012-00004955-00005469": "Once you’re assigned to a group, you’ll also see an icon for groups in this bar.", "g-IVYLmTqBu-00013-00005469-00005926": "At the bottom of the global navigation bar is a really important resource—", "g-IVYLmTqBu-00014-00005926-00006074": "the help button!", "g-IVYLmTqBu-00015-00006074-00006631": "When you click on the question mark, a handy dialogue box opens with help options,", "g-IVYLmTqBu-00016-00006634-00007166": "including a direct path to emailing your instructor and links to the Canvas guides.", "g-IVYLmTqBu-00017-00007184-00007616": "Canvas does an excellent job at creating their guides, so we strongly urge you to get to", "g-IVYLmTqBu-00018-00007617-00007843": "know these resources.", "g-IVYLmTqBu-00019-00007843-00008086": "The global navigation bar is static.", "g-IVYLmTqBu-00020-00008086-00008422": "It stays the same no matter  which class you’re in.", "g-IVYLmTqBu-00021-00008422-00008814": "Next to the global navigation bar is the course navigation menu.", "g-IVYLmTqBu-00022-00008814-00009139": "If you can’t see this menu, check for these three bars", "g-IVYLmTqBu-00023-00009140-00009414": "(sometimes referred to as the “hamburger menu”)", "g-IVYLmTqBu-00024-00009414-00009582": "at the top of your page.", "g-IVYLmTqBu-00025-00009582-00010020": "Selecting these bars will open and close the course menu.", "g-IVYLmTqBu-00026-00010020-00010510": "Unlike the global navigation bar, the course menu is different for every course.", "g-IVYLmTqBu-00027-00010510-00010915": "At the top of the course navigation menu for ADL is the Home button.", "g-IVYLmTqBu-00028-00010915-00011294": "This will always take you back to the start page of the course.", "g-IVYLmTqBu-00029-00011294-00011758": "Below the home button is a link to an archive of all announcements.", "g-IVYLmTqBu-00030-00011758-00012256": "If you think you’ve missed an announcement, or need information from a prior announcement,", "g-IVYLmTqBu-00031-00012256-00012502": "select this menu item to view the archive.", "g-IVYLmTqBu-00032-00012550-00012786": "Next is the link to the Syllabus tool.", "g-IVYLmTqBu-00033-00012786-00013256": "Selecting this link will take you to an archive of the course syllabus and a Course Summary", "g-IVYLmTqBu-00034-00013256-00013536": "listing all assignments and due dates.", "g-IVYLmTqBu-00035-00013594-00014102": "The next link is to Modules, where the main content of the course is located.", "g-IVYLmTqBu-00036-00014130-00014663": "Selecting the modules link takes you to a table of contents for the modules.", "g-IVYLmTqBu-00037-00014663-00014916": "From this table of contents, you can move directly", "g-IVYLmTqBu-00038-00014916-00015291": "to any open page, activity, or assignment that's open.", "g-IVYLmTqBu-00039-00015322-00015913": "The module table of contents gets longer, and longer, and longer", "g-IVYLmTqBu-00040-00015913-00016036": "as the course goes on!", "g-IVYLmTqBu-00041-00016110-00016432": "You can collapse a module once you've completed it", "g-IVYLmTqBu-00042-00016432-00016692": "to make navigating the table of contents easier.", "g-IVYLmTqBu-00043-00016718-00017150": "Simply select the small triangle next to the module title.", "g-IVYLmTqBu-00044-00017150-00017424": "To re-open the module, select the triangle again.", "g-IVYLmTqBu-00045-00017450-00017956": "You can also navigate directly to discussions from the Course Navigation menu.", "g-IVYLmTqBu-00046-00017956-00018370": "In discussions, the current open discussions are pinned to the top of the page.", "g-IVYLmTqBu-00047-00018370-00018848": "This is a great way to get to the Q&A forum or to the current week’s discussion.", "g-IVYLmTqBu-00048-00018848-00019220": "The Course navigation bar also contains your link to the grade book.", "g-IVYLmTqBu-00049-00019220-00019693": "To review your grades or feedback on an assignment, simply choose this link.", "g-IVYLmTqBu-00050-00019693-00020168": "Last but not least, to see a roster of the course participants, select People.", "g-IVYLmTqBu-00051-00020206-00020546": "Next, let’s look at the center pane of the Canvas window—", "g-IVYLmTqBu-00052-00020546-00020904": "the actual classroom where you  can find the course content.", "g-IVYLmTqBu-00053-00020904-00021408": "In ADL, the home page layout will remain the same throughout the course,", "g-IVYLmTqBu-00054-00021408-00021770": "and provides you with easy access to each week’s content.", "g-IVYLmTqBu-00055-00021770-00022218": "Selecting the Start Here button will take you to the Getting Started unit,", "g-IVYLmTqBu-00056-00022218-00022628": "where you’ll learn important information about being successful in the course.", "g-IVYLmTqBu-00057-00022674-00023263": "Each unit is designed to be read chronologically, starting with the Overview, and taking you", "g-IVYLmTqBu-00058-00023264-00023626": "through the course content, activities, and assignments.", "g-IVYLmTqBu-00059-00023626-00024070": "Simply use the Next button to move through each piece of the module.", "g-IVYLmTqBu-00060-00024122-00024480": "We want to draw your attention to a few important features.", "g-IVYLmTqBu-00061-00024480-00024973": "First, some content is organized within tabs on the page.", "g-IVYLmTqBu-00062-00024973-00025619": "To view the tabbed material, select the subtopic to bring that tab to the front.", "g-IVYLmTqBu-00063-00025619-00025856": "Also watch for video thumbnails.", "g-IVYLmTqBu-00064-00025856-00026144": "To view the video, select the image.", "g-IVYLmTqBu-00065-00026144-00026675": "To make the video larger, select the full screen option, or, click on the title of the video", "g-IVYLmTqBu-00066-00026676-00026912": "to view the video within YouTube.", "g-IVYLmTqBu-00067-00026958-00027269": "All of the videos within this course are closed captioned.", "g-IVYLmTqBu-00068-00027270-00027645": "To view the captions, select the cc icon.", "g-IVYLmTqBu-00069-00027682-00028166": "Throughout the course, we provide hyperlinks to the Canvas guides", "g-IVYLmTqBu-00070-00028167-00028339": "that are essential to the task at hand.", "g-IVYLmTqBu-00071-00028339-00028799": "Remember to watch for the blue text, as this signifies a link to a resource.", "g-IVYLmTqBu-00072-00028799-00029232": "Often, these guides provide important information for completing an assignment.", "g-IVYLmTqBu-00073-00029232-00029552": "Be sure you are opening and reviewing the guides.", "g-IVYLmTqBu-00074-00029552-00030030": "We usually include them in a special section of the page called Canvas Tutorials.", "g-IVYLmTqBu-00075-00030068-00030345": "There’s one more feature we’d like you to note.", "g-IVYLmTqBu-00076-00030345-00030686": "Throughout the course, you’ll see call-out boxes.", "g-IVYLmTqBu-00077-00030702-00031065": "These contain meta-commentary on the assignments.", "g-IVYLmTqBu-00078-00031065-00031583": "In essence, as you complete an assignment from the student perspective,", "g-IVYLmTqBu-00079-00031583-00032116": "these boxes also give you insight into designing the assignment from the instructor perspective.", "g-IVYLmTqBu-00080-00032116-00032726": "Finally, your instructor will use a variety of the Canvas communication tools to communicate with you,", "g-IVYLmTqBu-00081-00032726-00033400": "including the Canvas Inbox, announcements, grades, and discussions.", "g-IVYLmTqBu-00082-00033428-00033996": "When you log in to Canvas, a small number may appear next to the Inbox icon", "g-IVYLmTqBu-00083-00033996-00034352": "to let you know you have one or more new messages.", "g-IVYLmTqBu-00084-00034352-00034874": "Canvas also gives you the option to have Inbox messages forwarded to your email or phone.", "g-IVYLmTqBu-00085-00034974-00035587": "Notifications are settings attached to your Canvas profile that allow you to choose", "g-IVYLmTqBu-00086-00035588-00035934": "how you will be notified about  communication from your instructor.", "g-IVYLmTqBu-00087-00035968-00036324": "You will want to set your notification preferences right away", "g-IVYLmTqBu-00088-00036324-00036706": "to tailor the communication to your needs and lifestyle.", "g-IVYLmTqBu-00089-00036716-00037164": "Since notification preferences are individual, you will need to carefully read", "g-IVYLmTqBu-00090-00037168-00037522": "the Canvas guides to ensure your preferences are set the way you like.", "g-IVYLmTqBu-00091-00037572-00037932": "We provide a link to these guides in our Getting Started module.", "g-IVYLmTqBu-00092-00037986-00038462": "You have several options within Canvas for contacting your instructor or your peers.", "g-IVYLmTqBu-00093-00038462-00038988": "For questions about the course, we encourage you to post your question to the Q&A discussion", "g-IVYLmTqBu-00094-00038988-00039538": "forum, and if you have a question about using Canvas, don’t forget about the extensive", "g-IVYLmTqBu-00095-00039538-00039858": "supply of Canvas Guides available through the Help menu.", "g-IVYLmTqBu-00096-00039904-00040438": "In addition, you can use the Canvas Inbox to send a message to your instructor,", "g-IVYLmTqBu-00097-00040438-00040831": "and you can comment directly to feedback from within an assignment.", "g-IVYLmTqBu-00098-00040860-00041388": "You’ll likely have more questions throughout the week (you can post them to the Q&A forum!),", "g-IVYLmTqBu-00099-00041388-00041659": "but we think you’re now ready to get started!", "g-IVYLmTqBu-00100-00041660-00042026": "Go ahead and select the Start Here button on the Home page."}}, {"audio_id": "g_qmhBJf5xu", "text": {"g_qmhBJf5xu-00000-00000000-00000582": "you have to become how the billionaire would act before you become a billionaire", "g_qmhBJf5xu-00001-00000582-00001002": "this doesn't mean fake it till you make it this means learn the skills", "g_qmhBJf5xu-00002-00001002-00001440": "learn the habits learn the way those things are done and [__] do that"}}, {"audio_id": "g_MXareZYRI", "text": {"g_MXareZYRI-00000-00000136-00000280": "hey guys um", "g_MXareZYRI-00001-00000488-00000936": "i'm not even sure how to start this video honestly", "g_MXareZYRI-00002-00001160-00002016": "i have tried to film this two other times i feel like when i've tried to film this i was just so", "g_MXareZYRI-00003-00002080-00002696": "focused on it being perfect and everything coming off exactly how i wanted it to be", "g_MXareZYRI-00004-00002696-00003112": "and oh i forgot this or i didn't mention this when i should have talked more about it", "g_MXareZYRI-00005-00003176-00003944": "and it's just hindered me from actually getting it posted and so today i'm not going to try to focus", "g_MXareZYRI-00006-00003944-00004576": "on being perfect and everything coming out the right way i'm just going to try to focus on being", "g_MXareZYRI-00007-00004632-00005376": "open and honest and vulnerable which is very scary for me because i've never been the type", "g_MXareZYRI-00008-00005376-00006176": "of person to be super open about everything i've always been very like keep to myself", "g_MXareZYRI-00009-00006488-00007536": "it's always been very difficult for me to share my past my struggles um because i have a fear of", "g_MXareZYRI-00010-00007640-00008352": "people seeing me differently people turning away from me people judging me shaming me", "g_MXareZYRI-00011-00008472-00009136": "whatever it may be and so that has been a huge factor into me not wanting to share", "g_MXareZYRI-00012-00009136-00009824": "my story because i'm afraid so for the past you know few months i feel like", "g_MXareZYRI-00013-00009824-00010296": "jesus has really laid on my heart that it's time to share what he's done for me", "g_MXareZYRI-00014-00010416-00011128": "and i have wrestled with it i have fought back from it because of the fear but i'm gonna try", "g_MXareZYRI-00015-00011128-00011752": "really hard today to get through it sorry i haven't even started yet and i'm already crying", "g_MXareZYRI-00016-00011992-00013024": "this is um this video is going to be a mess probably but something that one of my friends", "g_MXareZYRI-00017-00013024-00013432": "told me a while back that has actually really stuck with me and encouraged me to do this", "g_MXareZYRI-00018-00013504-00014319": "is that she said your testimony isn't about you it's about everything that god has", "g_MXareZYRI-00019-00014319-00015447": "done for you i guess i'll start with me growing up i was raised in church i went to church since", "g_MXareZYRI-00020-00015447-00015832": "for my whole entire life since i was born i have gone to church but", "g_MXareZYRI-00021-00016088-00016856": "i never really had a relationship with jesus at all i would go to church i would raise my", "g_MXareZYRI-00022-00016856-00017736": "hands during worship sit through the sermons go to church camps everything look the part but i never", "g_MXareZYRI-00023-00017736-00018792": "truly knew what salvation really felt like i asked jesus into my heart at the age of like", "g_MXareZYRI-00024-00018792-00019280": "six or something like that but after that it was that's pretty much it i just", "g_MXareZYRI-00025-00019472-00020040": "um i would pray when i went to the altar but in general i just didn't really have", "g_MXareZYRI-00026-00020040-00020616": "a relationship with jesus i didn't know him i didn't know what that would look like to truly be", "g_MXareZYRI-00027-00020696-00021392": "saved and have a relationship with him and so i went through my life just feeling kind of numb", "g_MXareZYRI-00028-00021464-00022040": "throughout church and i'll kind of talk about why i struggled with that um", "g_MXareZYRI-00029-00022280-00022656": "so god this is so hard", "g_MXareZYRI-00030-00023096-00023656": "i'll just start with the fact that growing up i was never taught about sex", "g_MXareZYRI-00031-00023848-00024376": "um and i know some people this is going to be touchy subject people don't like to talk", "g_MXareZYRI-00032-00024376-00025104": "about this but i am going to be discussing this in this video so if you don't want to hear it you can", "g_MXareZYRI-00033-00025104-00025888": "click off but i was never taught anything about sex at all not from church from school nothing", "g_MXareZYRI-00034-00026088-00026495": "all i knew and all that i was told growing up was that", "g_MXareZYRI-00035-00026495-00026783": "you don't have sex until you're married that's all i knew", "g_MXareZYRI-00036-00027000-00027360": "and so i didn't really understand it from a biblical standpoint", "g_MXareZYRI-00037-00027456-00028039": "why don't we and so i didn't have any type of real grasp of what", "g_MXareZYRI-00038-00028095-00029095": "the true meaning behind that was really or god's intentions for it so starting at the age of 12 um", "g_MXareZYRI-00039-00029312-00029864": "i was shown pornography from a friend from school", "g_MXareZYRI-00040-00030912-00030983": "sorry", "g_MXareZYRI-00041-00031527-00032495": "and so that was the start of a huge addiction for me starting at a very young age and", "g_MXareZYRI-00042-00032904-00033744": "it was never something that i was talked to about i never really heard any type of like preaching", "g_MXareZYRI-00043-00033744-00034408": "on it i heard i would hear a few sermons ever so often where they would mention pornography but it", "g_MXareZYRI-00044-00034408-00035136": "was usually focused towards guys and it would be a brief thing i never heard like a whole sermon", "g_MXareZYRI-00045-00035136-00035736": "or a whole teaching or anything like that about it um they would just kind of be like you know boys", "g_MXareZYRI-00046-00035736-00036416": "i know you struggle with pornography when you're alone or something and that was kind of it and so", "g_MXareZYRI-00047-00036480-00037392": "i was left feeling completely alone and isolated that i was the only one that struggled with it", "g_MXareZYRI-00048-00037392-00038072": "that i was disgusting i was messed up and i was the only person", "g_MXareZYRI-00049-00038168-00038584": "especially like the only type like only girl that would struggle with this type of problem", "g_MXareZYRI-00050-00038752-00039152": "and so this led to years of addiction for me and struggles", "g_MXareZYRI-00051-00039360-00039880": "so that would lead to talking to boys online", "g_MXareZYRI-00052-00040168-00040632": "and i was i was very young during this obviously starting at 12.", "g_MXareZYRI-00053-00040776-00041456": "so so talking to guys and then that even led into high school um i had no", "g_MXareZYRI-00054-00041560-00042288": "worth for myself i didn't see myself as valuable or loved or", "g_MXareZYRI-00055-00042496-00043584": "i had no self-love for myself and so i would try to get some type of affection or approval or", "g_MXareZYRI-00056-00043696-00044360": "like have a guy say like appreciate me almost to get um", "g_MXareZYRI-00057-00044464-00045160": "attention and affection and so i would try to fill the emptiness of my heart with you", "g_MXareZYRI-00058-00045160-00045776": "know pornography talking to guys whatever it might have been first years because i had no", "g_MXareZYRI-00059-00045776-00046552": "relationship with jesus that emptiness in my heart was a void because i didn't know jesus", "g_MXareZYRI-00060-00046768-00047008": "and so i tried to fill that with", "g_MXareZYRI-00061-00047280-00047992": "living in sin and trying to get love from random cuts and", "g_MXareZYRI-00062-00048240-00048552": "that is so hard for me to admit because i'm", "g_MXareZYRI-00063-00048608-00049184": "i have went through so much shame from the things that i have done", "g_MXareZYRI-00064-00050032-00050912": "but that is not who i am anymore i am a whole new person now and i will not let", "g_MXareZYRI-00065-00051152-00051416": "shame and guilt from my past", "g_MXareZYRI-00066-00051640-00052224": "tear me down and keep me from speaking my truth so", "g_MXareZYRI-00067-00052600-00053488": "something that really didn't help was that it is so normalized in modern society pornography is", "g_MXareZYRI-00068-00053488-00054088": "normalized sexting and you know something new just normalized yes like like in high school", "g_MXareZYRI-00069-00054088-00054816": "everyone's just like everybody does it it's normal that's what you do when you're a teenager and", "g_MXareZYRI-00070-00054920-00055655": "it's so downplayed and normalized that people don't realize the massive consequences", "g_MXareZYRI-00071-00055655-00056255": "and tolls that it takes on you and the years of pain and struggle as it brings", "g_MXareZYRI-00072-00056536-00057400": "something that has helped me is hearing people openly talk about that having that struggle", "g_MXareZYRI-00073-00057400-00058232": "how they overcame it because so many people struggle with it way more than i think we realize", "g_MXareZYRI-00074-00058312-00059104": "i've heard pastors speak on it pastor mike todd i really enjoy his preaching and he has openly", "g_MXareZYRI-00075-00059104-00059640": "talked about his struggles with it and that is very encouraging to me", "g_MXareZYRI-00076-00059767-00060696": "something else that played a role into my struggles was when i was 14. i had a i had a", "g_MXareZYRI-00077-00060696-00061784": "childhood best friend passed away and then like five months later my papa had passed away and so", "g_MXareZYRI-00078-00061991-00062304": "i went into a deep depression then", "g_MXareZYRI-00079-00062560-00063432": "feeling again empty and numb i had such a huge void in my heart", "g_MXareZYRI-00080-00063728-00064055": "and so the depression really to anxiety", "g_MXareZYRI-00081-00064055-00064584": "anxiety would lead to even me being so low is to have suicidal thoughts", "g_MXareZYRI-00082-00064872-00065224": "because i didn't feel like i had any purpose in my life i felt like", "g_MXareZYRI-00083-00065352-00065984": "i didn't have any value or meaning or purpose", "g_MXareZYRI-00084-00066904-00067512": "i didn't know how valuable i was because i didn't", "g_MXareZYRI-00085-00067784-00068384": "go to jesus i didn't go to god i didn't study about what god truly", "g_MXareZYRI-00086-00068384-00068952": "says about us and how precious we are to him in god's eyes we are", "g_MXareZYRI-00087-00069352-00069448": "so valuable", "g_MXareZYRI-00088-00069728-00070384": "a book that i read that was so helpful to me to to truly know my worth", "g_MXareZYRI-00089-00070464-00071256": "um is called jesus sex and the conversation the church forgot and it's written by mo", "g_MXareZYRI-00090-00071256-00071992": "eisen and she talks a ton about our value in christ in our purpose and our worth", "g_MXareZYRI-00091-00072096-00072736": "and how truly valuable we are to him and i think once we realized that that", "g_MXareZYRI-00092-00072792-00073744": "once i realized how valuable i truly was not just to myself but to god then it truly showed me", "g_MXareZYRI-00093-00074000-00074552": "that doing the things i was doing was such a disrespect and", "g_MXareZYRI-00094-00074768-00075080": "it was just such a waste and i was", "g_MXareZYRI-00095-00075336-00075784": "not honoring god with my body which he had given me and that has so much value", "g_MXareZYRI-00096-00075968-00076752": "i just felt like at this point when i was like 14 15 i was just stuck in this endless cycle", "g_MXareZYRI-00097-00076752-00077512": "of like addiction depression trying to get the victory over it so i would go to a sermon hear", "g_MXareZYRI-00098-00077512-00078168": "someone talk about getting the victory over whatever chains that have you bound", "g_MXareZYRI-00099-00078168-00078768": "and i would like go to the altar do a little prayer try to get victory over it and then", "g_MXareZYRI-00100-00078768-00079336": "it would just go back to the endless cycle living sin feel guilty about it try to get", "g_MXareZYRI-00101-00079456-00079896": "you know victory over it and it's just like an endless cycle for me like i was just constantly", "g_MXareZYRI-00102-00079952-00080488": "chained and had this constant burden that i could not get over for years", "g_MXareZYRI-00103-00080664-00081024": "and it was like church came after church camp camp meeting after camp meeting", "g_MXareZYRI-00104-00081024-00081504": "service after service just feeling empty and alone and i just felt like", "g_MXareZYRI-00105-00081592-00082176": "i just didn't have a connection to god and i didn't know why i just felt like the outcast", "g_MXareZYRI-00106-00082392-00082968": "and i would be so bored in church i would sit there i didn't want to go to church because i just", "g_MXareZYRI-00107-00082968-00084184": "felt numb this continued on and starting at the age of 16 i got into my first real relationship", "g_MXareZYRI-00108-00084544-00084872": "and i don't know how much detail i want to go into here because this", "g_MXareZYRI-00109-00084872-00085608": "is a very personal like touchy subject for me but", "g_MXareZYRI-00110-00085608-00086344": "just say that because i had no real understanding of what sex meant no value for myself", "g_MXareZYRI-00111-00086592-00087280": "i had no boundaries and there is a series called relationship goals by", "g_MXareZYRI-00112-00087280-00087880": "pastor mike todd that i highly recommend even if whether you're single or married or whatever", "g_MXareZYRI-00113-00087936-00088496": "i highly recommend watching that series that was so helpful to me and something he says in that", "g_MXareZYRI-00114-00088736-00089576": "is that if you don't have parameters for your relationship your relationship will create the", "g_MXareZYRI-00115-00089576-00090560": "parameters and starting off in that relationship i my parameters parameters words just were not", "g_MXareZYRI-00116-00090560-00091296": "having sex until we're married i had no reasoning behind that that's just what i had been told i was", "g_MXareZYRI-00117-00091296-00092200": "a virgin i don't want to have sex that's about it so starting off you know i didn't have any real", "g_MXareZYRI-00118-00092200-00092912": "meaning behind those they were just rules to me and so over time it's like i was pushed a little", "g_MXareZYRI-00119-00092912-00093368": "bit more pushed a little bit more pushed a little bit more until there was no boundaries anymore", "g_MXareZYRI-00120-00093592-00094472": "that relationship was extremely toxic it was i was emotionally abused in that relationship", "g_MXareZYRI-00121-00094672-00094808": "for about a year and a half", "g_MXareZYRI-00122-00094984-00095920": "i felt trapped because once you give up everything you feel like you have to stay with that person", "g_MXareZYRI-00123-00095920-00096320": "because you feel like you've given up the most valuable thing that you have", "g_MXareZYRI-00124-00096392-00097168": "so you have to marry them that's what kept me in such a toxic and emotionally abusive environment", "g_MXareZYRI-00125-00097168-00098184": "for so long was because i felt like i had to stay with him because i had nothing else to offer", "g_MXareZYRI-00126-00098768-00098936": "so that relationship was just", "g_MXareZYRI-00127-00099152-00099584": "a huge downfall for me sorry", "g_MXareZYRI-00128-00099776-00100504": "it was so painful for me and i still have struggles from that relationship", "g_MXareZYRI-00129-00100584-00100984": "and it has almost been two years since we broke up and i still", "g_MXareZYRI-00130-00101280-00101328": "struggle", "g_MXareZYRI-00131-00101688-00101880": "let me just encourage you guys that", "g_MXareZYRI-00132-00102128-00102568": "whether you're a guy or a girl it doesn't matter please", "g_MXareZYRI-00133-00102848-00102952": "know your worth", "g_MXareZYRI-00134-00103159-00103783": "and do not settle", "g_MXareZYRI-00135-00103911-00104183": "because when i because i didn't know my worth", "g_MXareZYRI-00136-00104400-00104744": "i let someone treat me awful", "g_MXareZYRI-00137-00105008-00105311": "i let them talk down to me i let them", "g_MXareZYRI-00138-00105432-00105872": "degrade me and push me down to one of the to like the lowest point i've ever been", "g_MXareZYRI-00139-00106008-00106808": "i became extremely depressed i became suicidal again because of that relationship", "g_MXareZYRI-00140-00107183-00107776": "please don't settle because that will have", "g_MXareZYRI-00141-00107872-00108720": "huge consequences that you will have to deal with for years you have no idea and so", "g_MXareZYRI-00142-00109128-00109976": "i wish i could just save everyone from the heartbreak because i wish i would have seen", "g_MXareZYRI-00143-00110111-00110528": "the signs and left before it even started because", "g_MXareZYRI-00144-00110720-00111296": "a relationship like that leaves scars that are just a reminder of", "g_MXareZYRI-00145-00111408-00111992": "all the pain you went through and it's very hard to forget but i do want to encourage you guys that", "g_MXareZYRI-00146-00112080-00112408": "if you have been through a situation like that or whatever it may be", "g_MXareZYRI-00147-00112520-00113583": "something that has really helped me is i have prayed that god will help me forget", "g_MXareZYRI-00148-00113688-00114248": "everything about that relationship all of it and it truly has helped me a lot", "g_MXareZYRI-00149-00114648-00115320": "god has helped me through it and i have grown so much from that point", "g_MXareZYRI-00150-00115592-00115920": "so something that i have heard that i wish i would have", "g_MXareZYRI-00151-00115976-00116383": "heard back when i was in that relationship is that", "g_MXareZYRI-00152-00116648-00117368": "because jesus lives inside of us i have always heard that my whole life jesus lives in us and", "g_MXareZYRI-00153-00117368-00117904": "i've always thought of it as such a service thing but there is a place in our heart that", "g_MXareZYRI-00154-00117904-00118576": "jesus literally lives inside so every day whatever we're doing jesus is there with us", "g_MXareZYRI-00155-00118711-00119311": "and something that i had heard in a sermon was what are you making jesus live through", "g_MXareZYRI-00156-00119711-00120400": "if i would have heard that back then me living in sin i was making jesus live through that", "g_MXareZYRI-00157-00120480-00120752": "making him be there with me through all of that", "g_MXareZYRI-00158-00120992-00121296": "i feel like that would i don't know if it would have been a wake-up call", "g_MXareZYRI-00159-00121296-00121688": "but i definitely think it would have convicted me enough to try to change", "g_MXareZYRI-00160-00121840-00122480": "i don't really want to go into a ton of detail like i said before but after that relationship", "g_MXareZYRI-00161-00122535-00122983": "i was at such a low point that i still had no value for myself and i was still trying", "g_MXareZYRI-00162-00122983-00123520": "to search and fill my voids that's all i really want to say about that", "g_MXareZYRI-00163-00123704-00124376": "something that i had heard from another youtuber that i really um admire her name is cayenne she", "g_MXareZYRI-00164-00124376-00125135": "had a amazing testimony video and something she said in one of her other videos was that", "g_MXareZYRI-00165-00125344-00126192": "if sex was created for marriage then we have never experienced sex we've only experienced sin", "g_MXareZYRI-00166-00126424-00126688": "and i loved that and i thought that was", "g_MXareZYRI-00167-00126944-00127583": "such a good point that really has encouraged me", "g_MXareZYRI-00168-00127728-00127944": "i just want to encourage you guys that", "g_MXareZYRI-00169-00128200-00128624": "even if it feels like you are the worst of the worst", "g_MXareZYRI-00170-00128624-00129016": "and that you have messed up so many times in your life", "g_MXareZYRI-00171-00129016-00129656": "that you are not pure anymore that's how i felt like i felt so ashamed that i had lost my purity", "g_MXareZYRI-00172-00129880-00130583": "you can turn your life around and god can restore your purity and i know", "g_MXareZYRI-00173-00130759-00131232": "that people like joke at people for saying they're a born-again virgin or whatever and", "g_MXareZYRI-00174-00131232-00131864": "it's kind of like a joke but that is seriously how i feel is that god has just restored my purity", "g_MXareZYRI-00175-00132424-00133296": "and making the decision that like from now on i am not going to give myself away and i'm going", "g_MXareZYRI-00176-00133296-00133912": "to wait until i am married is very powerful even if you haven't done that your whole life", "g_MXareZYRI-00177-00133912-00134736": "and you have messed up or you have whatever making that commitment now god is going to", "g_MXareZYRI-00178-00134832-00135424": "love you for that we've all made mistakes we've all messed up but that doesn't mean", "g_MXareZYRI-00179-00135424-00135984": "that there's no redemption for you and that you have to continue to live in that bondage", "g_MXareZYRI-00180-00136232-00136784": "so what has been a big turning point for me just in this past year", "g_MXareZYRI-00181-00137024-00137768": "i'm not gonna act like all of these things that happened were so long ago i am 19 now and", "g_MXareZYRI-00182-00137768-00138408": "there are things that i struggled with just in this past year but with that said i can", "g_MXareZYRI-00183-00138408-00139272": "also say that god has brought me so far in this past year i've never experienced this", "g_MXareZYRI-00184-00139400-00140224": "freedom and love in my whole life through relationship with jesus something else", "g_MXareZYRI-00185-00140224-00140776": "that helped me was educating myself by reading books like i said and listening to podcasts", "g_MXareZYRI-00186-00141024-00141392": "watching videos some i'll leave some recommendations", "g_MXareZYRI-00187-00141392-00141584": "down below for some things that have helped me", "g_MXareZYRI-00188-00142024-00142768": "and i just want to share a few scriptures before i end this that i have written down", "g_MXareZYRI-00189-00142880-00143352": "that have helped me through this so maybe hopefully i can encourage someone", "g_MXareZYRI-00190-00143560-00144120": "there is no condemnation for those who are in jesus christ for this the law of the spirit", "g_MXareZYRI-00191-00144120-00144800": "of life has set you free and jesus christ from the law of sin and death romans 8 1-2", "g_MXareZYRI-00192-00145000-00145704": "and then second corinthians 5 17 says this means that anyone who belongs to christ has become", "g_MXareZYRI-00193-00145704-00146456": "a new person and then one of my favorite verses that has really helped me through this like", "g_MXareZYRI-00194-00146456-00147096": "transformation really felt like god took away my heart of stone and gave me a heart of flesh", "g_MXareZYRI-00195-00147176-00147952": "and that is in ezekiel 36 26 and then something else that has really helped me is that", "g_MXareZYRI-00196-00148112-00148704": "when you go through addiction to whatever it may be i can only speak from my experience", "g_MXareZYRI-00197-00148704-00149288": "through my addiction with pornography my mind was filled with dark things", "g_MXareZYRI-00198-00149432-00150088": "and that was one of my biggest battles through the years was my mind and not being able to", "g_MXareZYRI-00199-00150256-00150704": "move past that and i just felt like i was constantly like being tortured with my own", "g_MXareZYRI-00200-00150704-00151400": "thoughts and so again i want to encourage you guys something i've done there too is to pray", "g_MXareZYRI-00201-00151400-00152192": "for god to help me forget and to help me have a renewing of my mind and that it talks about the", "g_MXareZYRI-00202-00152192-00153056": "renewal of your mind in romans 12 and 2. i feel like the crucifixion and hearing about jesus dying", "g_MXareZYRI-00203-00153112-00153656": "is so normalized now for me at least i've heard it and it was always on the surface i never", "g_MXareZYRI-00204-00153720-00154880": "truly understood and took time to understand it but jesus chose to come to earth and to endure", "g_MXareZYRI-00205-00154880-00156000": "all the pain and torture and everything and dying so that we could be free from our sins", "g_MXareZYRI-00206-00156280-00156576": "is me feeling like i couldn't share my testimony", "g_MXareZYRI-00207-00156760-00157496": "not acknowledging the fact that jesus died for my sins there is no condemnation", "g_MXareZYRI-00208-00157496-00158384": "for my sins i am a new creature god has forgiven me he has wiped my slate clean and so", "g_MXareZYRI-00209-00158816-00159584": "i'm not ashamed anymore i will take accountability for my actions i was not", "g_MXareZYRI-00210-00159768-00160296": "somebody that i am proud of i have made a lot of mistakes i have done things that are wrong", "g_MXareZYRI-00211-00160456-00161184": "but that is not who i am anymore the purpose for our lives should be to show jesus's love", "g_MXareZYRI-00212-00161336-00161944": "i'm being honest here because i want to show you guys how god transformed me and brought me through", "g_MXareZYRI-00213-00162032-00162216": "all of this pain and trials", "g_MXareZYRI-00214-00162424-00163072": "a quote that i really love is your life is a uniquely written and orchestrated song", "g_MXareZYRI-00215-00163072-00163360": "presenting the gospel for the glory of the lord", "g_MXareZYRI-00216-00163792-00163984": "that was a lot", "g_MXareZYRI-00217-00164168-00165000": "i just want to encourage y'all i am here if anyone ever wants to talk this has been very hard for me", "g_MXareZYRI-00218-00165000-00165720": "so i hope you will have some grace for me but even if this just encourages one person", "g_MXareZYRI-00219-00165888-00166392": "who may be going through some trials then it is worth it for me to be honest", "g_MXareZYRI-00220-00166496-00167552": "and to move forward from here so thank you guys for watching um i really appreciate it and", "g_MXareZYRI-00221-00167728-00168104": "yeah i'll see you guys next time"}}, {"audio_id": "g_ZKb5i4wJu", "text": {}}, {"audio_id": "g_a40h7qS5o", "text": {"g_a40h7qS5o-00000-00000436-00000579": "Hello!", "g_a40h7qS5o-00001-00000579-00000840": "My name is Noor, and I’m 23 years old.", "g_a40h7qS5o-00002-00000840-00001275": "And I graduated from the faculty of Engeneering from Helwan University.", "g_a40h7qS5o-00003-00001275-00001961": "I had many courses about digital marketing, and especially in SEO and PPC.", "g_a40h7qS5o-00004-00001961-00002656": "I had two internships—one with a touch of my technologies and another one with a local", "g_a40h7qS5o-00005-00002656-00002796": "agency.", "g_a40h7qS5o-00006-00002796-00003395": "Then I started working with this local agency for about a year and a half.", "g_a40h7qS5o-00007-00003395-00004169": "And then, I worked with BE group as a virtual assistant as an SEO specialist.", "g_a40h7qS5o-00008-00004169-00004694": "And before all that, while I was studying, I was working as a customer service agent", "g_a40h7qS5o-00009-00004694-00004889": "in Vodafone UK.", "g_a40h7qS5o-00010-00004889-00005385": "I love digital marketing very much because it’s a very creative career.", "g_a40h7qS5o-00011-00005385-00005823": "And every day, there are so many updates, especially in Google.", "g_a40h7qS5o-00012-00005823-00006482": "It’s a very big company and I’ll be delighted to work in Google one day.", "g_a40h7qS5o-00013-00006482-00006772": "I also was working as a Facebook ads manager.", "g_a40h7qS5o-00014-00006772-00007156": "I was managing many Facebook campaigns."}}, {"audio_id": "gAdepmxCrU0", "text": {"gAdepmxCrU0-00000-00001037-00001245": "I bet my life You'll be dancing on the moon", "gAdepmxCrU0-00001-00001245-00001345": "I bet my life", "gAdepmxCrU0-00002-00001345-00001497": "When I'm up through the night I can't turn down the noise, tear all the", "gAdepmxCrU0-00003-00001497-00001769": "worries Out of my mind", "gAdepmxCrU0-00004-00001769-00001869": "'Bout who I'm supposed to be, I start to believe I can't get it right", "gAdepmxCrU0-00005-00001869-00001969": "Remember the days I let slip away?", "gAdepmxCrU0-00006-00001969-00002069": "They were simpler times", "gAdepmxCrU0-00007-00002069-00002169": "Momma told me, \"Before you leave If there's only one thing you remember from", "gAdepmxCrU0-00008-00002169-00002269": "me\"", "gAdepmxCrU0-00009-00002269-00002369": "Child, when you're out on your own A million miles from home", "gAdepmxCrU0-00010-00002369-00002469": "Feeling the weight of the world On your shoulders", "gAdepmxCrU0-00011-00002469-00002569": "Child, don't forget who you are Don't lose your head or your heart", "gAdepmxCrU0-00012-00002569-00002669": "I'll bet my life on your stars You'll be dancing", "gAdepmxCrU0-00013-00002669-00002782": "Dancing on the moon, I bet my life You'll be dancing on the moon, I bet my life", "gAdepmxCrU0-00014-00002782-00003222": "You'll be dancing on the moon, I bet my life You'll be dancing on the moon", "gAdepmxCrU0-00015-00003222-00003322": "Dancing on the moon", "gAdepmxCrU0-00016-00003322-00003422": "Dancing on the moon", "gAdepmxCrU0-00017-00003422-00004020": "Maybe my compass was wrong And I'm still on my way", "gAdepmxCrU0-00018-00004020-00004283": "Closer each day to where I belong I'm still rolling the dice, praying sometimes", "gAdepmxCrU0-00019-00004283-00004575": "It don't last that long I'm losing my faith, I'm walking away", "gAdepmxCrU0-00020-00004575-00004721": "From what you knew all along", "gAdepmxCrU0-00021-00004721-00005060": "Momma told me, \"Before you leave If there's only one thing you remember from", "gAdepmxCrU0-00022-00005060-00005160": "me\"", "gAdepmxCrU0-00023-00005160-00008898": "Child, when you're out on your own A million miles from home", "gAdepmxCrU0-00024-00008898-00010534": "Feeling the weight of the world On your shoulders", "gAdepmxCrU0-00025-00010534-00010992": "Child, don't forget who you are Don't lose your head or your heart", "gAdepmxCrU0-00026-00010992-00011313": "I'll bet my life on your stars You'll be dancing", "gAdepmxCrU0-00027-00011313-00012688": "Dancing on the moon, I bet my life You'll be dancing on the moon, I bet my life", "gAdepmxCrU0-00028-00012688-00012788": "You'll be dancing on the moon, I bet my life You'll be dancing on the moon", "gAdepmxCrU0-00029-00012788-00012911": "Dancing on the moon", "gAdepmxCrU0-00030-00012911-00013131": "Dancing on the moon", "gAdepmxCrU0-00031-00013131-00019334": "Child, when you're out on your own A million miles from home", "gAdepmxCrU0-00032-00019334-00020770": "Feeling the weight of the world On your shoulders", "gAdepmxCrU0-00033-00020770-00021314": "Child, don't forget who you are Don't lose your head or your heart", "gAdepmxCrU0-00034-00021314-00021661": "I'll bet my life on your stars You'll be dancing", "gAdepmxCrU0-00035-00021661-00021843": "Dancing on the moon"}}, {"audio_id": "gAiOiN8DmIY", "text": {"gAiOiN8DmIY-00000-00000003-00000495": "Okay. So today I want to talk about the English Patient. And no I'm not talking", "gAiOiN8DmIY-00001-00000495-00000969": "about the Academy award-winning film. I'm actually talking to who is being dubbed", "gAiOiN8DmIY-00002-00000969-00001563": "as the 'London Patient' mostly because he chooses to remain anonymous. So the", "gAiOiN8DmIY-00003-00001563-00002163": "London patient is the second person in history to be cured of HIV, functionally", "gAiOiN8DmIY-00004-00002163-00002552": "cured of HIV, and I'll get to the-into the details of that in a moment. The", "gAiOiN8DmIY-00005-00002552-00002942": "first person to ever functionally be cured of HIV is a gentleman by the name", "gAiOiN8DmIY-00006-00002942-00003473": "of Timothy Brown and he's also been dubbed the Berlini patient. So guys", "gAiOiN8DmIY-00007-00003473-00003879": "it's important to note that his treatment was actually to treat his", "gAiOiN8DmIY-00008-00003879-00004368": "leukemia. So he had two bone-marrow transfers as well as total body", "gAiOiN8DmIY-00009-00004368-00004944": "irradiation. So the treatment was actually for the cancer but he happened", "gAiOiN8DmIY-00010-00004944-00005667": "to have HIV and the bone marrow donor happened to have a mutation that made", "gAiOiN8DmIY-00011-00005667-00006177": "him resistant to HIV. In fact, about 10% of people in Northern Europe have this", "gAiOiN8DmIY-00012-00006177-00006867": "mutation and it's a mutation of the CCR5 protein co-receptor. So in short the", "gAiOiN8DmIY-00013-00006867-00007298": "London patient is also being treated for cancer and also had a bone marrow", "gAiOiN8DmIY-00014-00007298-00007997": "transfer while undergoing chemotherapy. So the chemotherapy suppressed his", "gAiOiN8DmIY-00015-00007997-00008393": "immune system. He was able to have a bone marrow transferred. His body accepted it", "gAiOiN8DmIY-00016-00008393-00008970": "because of the immune system suppression. And this person had, again, this mutation", "gAiOiN8DmIY-00017-00008970-00009782": "that was resistant to HIV. And because of that his body took it in and now he has", "gAiOiN8DmIY-00018-00009782-00010397": "the HIV resistance. So this is big news. This is a momentous occasion. This is", "gAiOiN8DmIY-00019-00010397-00010953": "huge A) because the London patient verifies that what happened with the", "gAiOiN8DmIY-00020-00010953-00011286": "Berlin patient wasn't just an anomaly. This is something that can be repeated", "gAiOiN8DmIY-00021-00011286-00011832": "and it proves that it's actually the treatment that helped this person become", "gAiOiN8DmIY-00022-00011832-00012354": "HIV resistant. Ravindra Gupta is the leading virologist who is working on", "gAiOiN8DmIY-00023-00012354-00012846": "this study and regarding the Berlin patient and the", "gAiOiN8DmIY-00024-00012846-00013281": "London patient this is what he had to say, 'By achieving remission in a second", "gAiOiN8DmIY-00025-00013281-00013710": "patient using a similar approach, we have shown that the Berlin patient was not an", "gAiOiN8DmIY-00026-00013710-00014157": "anomaly, and that it really was the treatment approaches that eliminated HIV", "gAiOiN8DmIY-00027-00014157-00014724": "and these two people.' So that's amazing news. It's a huge step forward. However it", "gAiOiN8DmIY-00028-00014724-00015063": "comes with some caveats. So the treatment that was done is very", "gAiOiN8DmIY-00029-00015063-00015497": "aggressive. Obviously it was given to two cancer patients. Doctors are always", "gAiOiN8DmIY-00030-00015497-00016056": "weighing risk to benefit. What are the risks and what are the benefits of any", "gAiOiN8DmIY-00031-00016056-00016476": "given treatment? Antiretroviral therapy has evolved to the point where there's", "gAiOiN8DmIY-00032-00016476-00017076": "so few side effects, if any. And it also allows HIV patients to live essentially", "gAiOiN8DmIY-00033-00017076-00017628": "just as long lives as anyone else, that it's so manageable, that the amount of", "gAiOiN8DmIY-00034-00017628-00018003": "risk that someone has to undergo to suppress their immune system that badly", "gAiOiN8DmIY-00035-00018003-00018408": "with something as aggressive as chemotherapy or a radiation treatment in", "gAiOiN8DmIY-00036-00018408-00018849": "order to get a bone-marrow transfer. That's a very invasive, aggressive", "gAiOiN8DmIY-00037-00018849-00019284": "treatment so it's just not practical for the general population. And ACT UP New", "gAiOiN8DmIY-00038-00019284-00019872": "York also posted on Twitter, responding to the findings that we have, 'Any", "gAiOiN8DmIY-00039-00019872-00020265": "advancements for an HIV cure is hopeful, but keep in mind that this was a bone", "gAiOiN8DmIY-00040-00020265-00020679": "marrow transplantation combined with a rare genetic mutation. Something like", "gAiOiN8DmIY-00041-00020679-00021048": "this isn't scalable for the millions currently living with HIV, and the", "gAiOiN8DmIY-00042-00021048-00021744": "rollout for it isn't realistic.' However, on that note it is significant", "gAiOiN8DmIY-00043-00021744-00022362": "because the emphasis is on the CCR5 receptor. Even when I was reading the", "gAiOiN8DmIY-00044-00022362-00022680": "articles there's a lot of like terminology and different things that", "gAiOiN8DmIY-00045-00022680-00023129": "are referenced, medical terms, different parts of cells in the body that I'm just", "gAiOiN8DmIY-00046-00023129-00023433": "like--I don't really understand what's going on. So I dove in a little bit and", "gAiOiN8DmIY-00047-00023433-00023763": "tried to understand a little better. And I'm hoping that hopefully I can help you", "gAiOiN8DmIY-00048-00023763-00024273": "to understand it a little better as well. So I got-put some pictures up. So here is", "gAiOiN8DmIY-00049-00024273-00024960": "an image of the HIV virus free-flowing in the bloodstream next to white blood", "gAiOiN8DmIY-00050-00024960-00025443": "cells. A lot of people have seen this image it's been attached to articles", "gAiOiN8DmIY-00051-00025443-00025881": "that people have sent to me. So you probably have seen an image. So the green", "gAiOiN8DmIY-00052-00025881-00026738": "is the HIV virus and the yellow is the white blood cell. And I think this is", "gAiOiN8DmIY-00053-00026738-00027245": "really cool just so you can visualize what it looks like when it's outside of", "gAiOiN8DmIY-00054-00027245-00027641": "the cells, free-flowing in the bloodstream, attaching to the blood cell.", "gAiOiN8DmIY-00055-00027641-00028218": "And yeah that gives you an idea of that. Now here we have an image of blood cells", "gAiOiN8DmIY-00056-00028218-00028883": "with the HIV virus inside of it that's the green part is the HIV virus inside", "gAiOiN8DmIY-00057-00028883-00029430": "now here's another image that someone created of the HIV virus to give you an", "gAiOiN8DmIY-00058-00029430-00029886": "idea what it looks like with its little attachments and how it attaches itself", "gAiOiN8DmIY-00059-00029886-00030447": "to receptors on blood cells okay so here's the really interesting part so we", "gAiOiN8DmIY-00060-00030447-00030995": "have the HIV virus up above and then on the bottom and the yellow is the cd4", "gAiOiN8DmIY-00061-00030995-00031608": "cell which is a type of white blood cell so the virus is attempting to attach to", "gAiOiN8DmIY-00062-00031608-00032127": "the cd4 so what it needs in order to do that as it needs to attach to the cd4", "gAiOiN8DmIY-00063-00032127-00032658": "receptor which is shown here in purple and then it also needs one other Co", "gAiOiN8DmIY-00064-00032658-00033369": "receptor in order to complete its attachment and and excrete its DNA into", "gAiOiN8DmIY-00065-00033369-00033810": "the cd4 cell so we've got the cd4 attachment", "gAiOiN8DmIY-00066-00033810-00034686": "successful then it needs the ccr5 co-receptor or the cxcr4 co-receptor in", "gAiOiN8DmIY-00067-00034686-00035619": "order to fully infuse into the cell now most strains of HIV use the ccr5", "gAiOiN8DmIY-00068-00035619-00036060": "co-receptor that's most strains of HIV okay", "gAiOiN8DmIY-00069-00036060-00036588": "some these are rare strains of HIV they're not very prevalent some do use", "gAiOiN8DmIY-00070-00036588-00037103": "the cxcr4 co-receptor however today we're going to be talking about the ccr5", "gAiOiN8DmIY-00071-00037103-00037538": "because this is the most prevalent and this is the one that was useful in", "gAiOiN8DmIY-00072-00037538-00038052": "allowing the Berlin patient and the London patient to be HIV resistant so", "gAiOiN8DmIY-00073-00038052-00038516": "now this is just another picture of that same cd4 cell on the bottom and the HIV", "gAiOiN8DmIY-00074-00038516-00039012": "virus on top so as you can see on the left this person's cell was infected", "gAiOiN8DmIY-00075-00039012-00039468": "with the HIV virus why be it had the initial cd4 receptor it was", "gAiOiN8DmIY-00076-00039468-00039936": "able to attach and then the ccr5 co-receptor it was also attached to that", "gAiOiN8DmIY-00077-00039936-00040668": "that initiated the process of HIV infection however there is about 10%", "gAiOiN8DmIY-00078-00040668-00041195": "population in northern Europe that naturally has a mutated ccr5 co-receptor", "gAiOiN8DmIY-00079-00041195-00041748": "these Co receptors will not bind to the HIV virus so as you can see on the right", "gAiOiN8DmIY-00080-00041748-00042177": "the HIV virus is attempting to bind to the ccr5 and it's not happening", "gAiOiN8DmIY-00081-00042177-00042857": "therefore that cd4 cell that healthy white blood cell does not get infected", "gAiOiN8DmIY-00082-00042857-00043524": "creating in effect in HIV resistance great awesome", "gAiOiN8DmIY-00083-00043524-00043991": "so this is exactly what happened bone marrow was transferred from this person", "gAiOiN8DmIY-00084-00043991-00044682": "this donor who had a mutation in their ccr5 co-receptor they gave it to the", "gAiOiN8DmIY-00085-00044682-00045108": "person who was undergoing cancer treatment and then they were able to", "gAiOiN8DmIY-00086-00045108-00045491": "receive that bone marrow transfer with the stem cells with the mutation in it", "gAiOiN8DmIY-00087-00045491-00045993": "and the body incorporated it into its own white blood cells and therefore the", "gAiOiN8DmIY-00088-00045993-00046365": "patient now has HIV resistant that's huge", "gAiOiN8DmIY-00089-00046365-00046632": "again this is something that's not a viable for the general population", "gAiOiN8DmIY-00090-00046632-00047397": "however now that we are growing into the stages of gene editing this is big", "gAiOiN8DmIY-00091-00047397-00047985": "because gene editing allows us to manipulate things like Co receptors and", "gAiOiN8DmIY-00092-00047985-00048381": "so we can find other ways of manipulating the ccr5 co-receptor or", "gAiOiN8DmIY-00093-00048381-00049026": "perhaps even the cxcr4 co-receptor allowing people to become resistant to", "gAiOiN8DmIY-00094-00049026-00049500": "HIV on a much grander scale so that's the exciting part is that we know how to", "gAiOiN8DmIY-00095-00049500-00049991": "help someone become HIV resistant we know what we need to work on and to", "gAiOiN8DmIY-00096-00049991-00050394": "focus on that's the important part not the fact that this person had bombed our", "gAiOiN8DmIY-00097-00050394-00050736": "Mayo transfer that's great and that's awesome for these two and it's a huge", "gAiOiN8DmIY-00098-00050736-00051261": "step but the big win is is really solidifying what it is that allows", "gAiOiN8DmIY-00099-00051261-00051657": "someone to become HIV resistant and then applying that knowledge to something", "gAiOiN8DmIY-00100-00051657-00052158": "like gene editing and gene editing is very much in its infancy so that's not", "gAiOiN8DmIY-00101-00052158-00052503": "something that's gonna happen overnight I couldn't tell you when it will happen", "gAiOiN8DmIY-00102-00052503-00052785": "but it it gives us a pathway and it gives us", "gAiOiN8DmIY-00103-00052785-00053219": "hope and it gives us possibilities for the future and so Gupta goes on to say", "gAiOiN8DmIY-00104-00053219-00053627": "continuing our research we need to understand if we could knock out this", "gAiOiN8DmIY-00105-00053627-00054152": "receptor in people with HIV which may be possible with gene therapy so again I", "gAiOiN8DmIY-00106-00054152-00054488": "want to reiterate that this is really good news but we need to keep it in", "gAiOiN8DmIY-00107-00054488-00054875": "context and realize what the implications are and what it really", "gAiOiN8DmIY-00108-00054875-00055350": "means as far as the progress towards an HIV cure also it's important to note", "gAiOiN8DmIY-00109-00055350-00056016": "that despite the fact that this person has become resistant to HIV there are", "gAiOiN8DmIY-00110-00056016-00056535": "still what are called a reservoirs of HIV in cells that have already been", "gAiOiN8DmIY-00111-00056535-00057029": "infected in the person's body so the person is not completely absent of the", "gAiOiN8DmIY-00112-00057029-00057554": "HIV virus whatever was already able to infect certain cells in the body that", "gAiOiN8DmIY-00113-00057554-00058169": "HIV will stay intact right where it is for the duration of the person's life or", "gAiOiN8DmIY-00114-00058169-00058694": "if for some reason the HIV resistance was no longer applicable so that's why", "gAiOiN8DmIY-00115-00058694-00059000": "they're not just saying cure they're saying functional cure because", "gAiOiN8DmIY-00116-00059000-00059460": "practically speaking it's cured although in reality there are potentially", "gAiOiN8DmIY-00117-00059460-00059891": "reservoirs of the virus still inside both of the patients it's a really", "gAiOiN8DmIY-00118-00059891-00060580": "tricky virus guys so there are a lot of factors that have to be considered in", "gAiOiN8DmIY-00119-00060580-00061181": "this battle against HIV that's why it's makes it so tricky and also this virus", "gAiOiN8DmIY-00120-00061181-00061676": "is highly adaptable also the London patient who has chosen to remain", "gAiOiN8DmIY-00121-00061676-00062182": "anonymous has been off of a RV's antiretroviral", "gAiOiN8DmIY-00122-00062182-00062855": "treatment for 18 months as of now and in that time has remained undetectable for", "gAiOiN8DmIY-00123-00062855-00063275": "those of you who aren't familiar when the antiretroviral treatment is doing", "gAiOiN8DmIY-00124-00063275-00063686": "its job suppressing the HIV virus keeping it from being able to replicate", "gAiOiN8DmIY-00125-00063686-00064208": "you become what's known as undetectable there's no detectable trace of HIV in", "gAiOiN8DmIY-00126-00064208-00064529": "your blood which is great that means it's not affecting your body it's not", "gAiOiN8DmIY-00127-00064529-00064947": "affecting your health and therefore also you are unable to transmit it to someone", "gAiOiN8DmIY-00128-00064947-00065247": "else that's huge however it's only been 18", "gAiOiN8DmIY-00129-00065247-00065817": "months and science is science so it's too early to say that he is for sure", "gAiOiN8DmIY-00130-00065817-00066198": "functional cured however this is a really really", "gAiOiN8DmIY-00131-00066198-00066539": "really good sign and they will be monitoring him for years to come", "gAiOiN8DmIY-00132-00066539-00066948": "guys I hope this was informative for those of you who aren't familiar I hope", "gAiOiN8DmIY-00133-00066948-00067347": "that this kind of made it easier to understand what's going on and what the", "gAiOiN8DmIY-00134-00067347-00067824": "implications are for those of us living with HIV and for the hope of an HIV cure", "gAiOiN8DmIY-00135-00067824-00068270": "in the future I hope to do a lot more videos like this to help you understand", "gAiOiN8DmIY-00136-00068270-00068742": "relate and be able to explain this in a way that is just a little bit more", "gAiOiN8DmIY-00137-00068742-00069176": "understandable and not so like heady and out there so please like this video if", "gAiOiN8DmIY-00138-00069176-00069510": "you liked it go ahead and subscribe if you haven't already I've got a lot of", "gAiOiN8DmIY-00139-00069510-00069969": "great content on this channel not just about HIV but about fitness I'm a", "gAiOiN8DmIY-00140-00069969-00070473": "natural competitive bodybuilder and about just becoming a better person and", "gAiOiN8DmIY-00141-00070473-00070842": "living your best life so that's what this channel is all about stick around I", "gAiOiN8DmIY-00142-00070842-00071262": "got a lot more great content coming for you a lot more frequently too so that's", "gAiOiN8DmIY-00143-00071262-00071712": "exciting and let me know in the comments if this helped you and if I said", "gAiOiN8DmIY-00144-00071712-00072113": "something wrong please let me know call me out I love to be called out and to be", "gAiOiN8DmIY-00145-00072113-00072551": "told that I'm wrong so that I can therefore adjust my brain and figure it", "gAiOiN8DmIY-00146-00072551-00072944": "out correctly and if I did say something wrong or I am spreading misinformation I", "gAiOiN8DmIY-00147-00072944-00073326": "apologize ahead time but you know it did my best to like learn this really", "gAiOiN8DmIY-00148-00073326-00073701": "quickly and then be able to reinterpret it in a way for you guys to be able to", "gAiOiN8DmIY-00149-00073701-00074394": "understand it easier to any sense okay guys this is awesome", "gAiOiN8DmIY-00150-00074394-00074736": "chin up have hope and I will see you soon", "gAiOiN8DmIY-00151-00074736-00074983": "peace", "gAiOiN8DmIY-00152-00075195-00075401": "you", "gAiOiN8DmIY-00153-00075624-00075830": "you"}}, {"audio_id": "gAmBsxxj3GI", "text": {"gAmBsxxj3GI-00000-00000393-00000437": ">>> HI EVERYONE.", "gAmBsxxj3GI-00001-00000437-00000443": ">>> HI EVERYONE.", "gAmBsxxj3GI-00002-00000443-00000603": ">>> HI EVERYONE.  THANKS FOR JOINING US.", "gAmBsxxj3GI-00003-00000603-00000610": ">>> HI EVERYONE.  THANKS FOR JOINING US.", "gAmBsxxj3GI-00004-00000610-00000673": ">>> HI EVERYONE.  THANKS FOR JOINING US. AS THE CITY OF BEMIDJI GROWS,", "gAmBsxxj3GI-00005-00000673-00000680": "THANKS FOR JOINING US. AS THE CITY OF BEMIDJI GROWS,", "gAmBsxxj3GI-00006-00000680-00000760": "THANKS FOR JOINING US. AS THE CITY OF BEMIDJI GROWS,  MORE AND MORE EVENTS ARE", "gAmBsxxj3GI-00007-00000760-00000767": "AS THE CITY OF BEMIDJI GROWS,  MORE AND MORE EVENTS ARE", "gAmBsxxj3GI-00008-00000767-00000864": "AS THE CITY OF BEMIDJI GROWS,  MORE AND MORE EVENTS ARE POPPING UP ON THE CALENDAR,", "gAmBsxxj3GI-00009-00000864-00000870": "MORE AND MORE EVENTS ARE POPPING UP ON THE CALENDAR,", "gAmBsxxj3GI-00010-00000870-00000970": "MORE AND MORE EVENTS ARE POPPING UP ON THE CALENDAR,  WHICH IS WHY THE CITY IS LOOKING", "gAmBsxxj3GI-00011-00000970-00000977": "POPPING UP ON THE CALENDAR,  WHICH IS WHY THE CITY IS LOOKING", "gAmBsxxj3GI-00012-00000977-00001074": "POPPING UP ON THE CALENDAR,  WHICH IS WHY THE CITY IS LOOKING AT ROLLING OUT A NEW ORDINANCE.", "gAmBsxxj3GI-00013-00001074-00001081": "WHICH IS WHY THE CITY IS LOOKING AT ROLLING OUT A NEW ORDINANCE.", "gAmBsxxj3GI-00014-00001081-00001297": "WHICH IS WHY THE CITY IS LOOKING AT ROLLING OUT A NEW ORDINANCE.  OUR JOSH PETERSON SHOWS US", "gAmBsxxj3GI-00015-00001297-00001304": "AT ROLLING OUT A NEW ORDINANCE.  OUR JOSH PETERSON SHOWS US", "gAmBsxxj3GI-00016-00001304-00001504": "AT ROLLING OUT A NEW ORDINANCE.  OUR JOSH PETERSON SHOWS US HOW LOCAL EVENT ORGANIZERS ARE", "gAmBsxxj3GI-00017-00001504-00001511": "OUR JOSH PETERSON SHOWS US HOW LOCAL EVENT ORGANIZERS ARE", "gAmBsxxj3GI-00018-00001511-00001664": "OUR JOSH PETERSON SHOWS US HOW LOCAL EVENT ORGANIZERS ARE  HOPING TO WORK WITH THE CITY ON", "gAmBsxxj3GI-00019-00001664-00001671": "HOW LOCAL EVENT ORGANIZERS ARE  HOPING TO WORK WITH THE CITY ON", "gAmBsxxj3GI-00020-00001671-00001971": "HOW LOCAL EVENT ORGANIZERS ARE  HOPING TO WORK WITH THE CITY ON  A NEW SPECIAL EVENTS ORDINANCE.", "gAmBsxxj3GI-00021-00001971-00001978": "HOPING TO WORK WITH THE CITY ON  A NEW SPECIAL EVENTS ORDINANCE.", "gAmBsxxj3GI-00022-00001978-00002138": "HOPING TO WORK WITH THE CITY ON  A NEW SPECIAL EVENTS ORDINANCE. >> THE BEMIDJI CITY COUNCIL", "gAmBsxxj3GI-00023-00002138-00002145": "A NEW SPECIAL EVENTS ORDINANCE. >> THE BEMIDJI CITY COUNCIL", "gAmBsxxj3GI-00024-00002145-00002308": "A NEW SPECIAL EVENTS ORDINANCE. >> THE BEMIDJI CITY COUNCIL  CHAMBERS WAS FILLED AS IF IT WAS", "gAmBsxxj3GI-00025-00002308-00002315": ">> THE BEMIDJI CITY COUNCIL  CHAMBERS WAS FILLED AS IF IT WAS", "gAmBsxxj3GI-00026-00002315-00002389": ">> THE BEMIDJI CITY COUNCIL  CHAMBERS WAS FILLED AS IF IT WAS A SPECIAL EVENT.", "gAmBsxxj3GI-00027-00002389-00002395": "CHAMBERS WAS FILLED AS IF IT WAS A SPECIAL EVENT.", "gAmBsxxj3GI-00028-00002395-00002559": "CHAMBERS WAS FILLED AS IF IT WAS A SPECIAL EVENT. ONLY THIS TIME, IT WAS FILLED", "gAmBsxxj3GI-00029-00002559-00002565": "A SPECIAL EVENT. ONLY THIS TIME, IT WAS FILLED", "gAmBsxxj3GI-00030-00002565-00002729": "A SPECIAL EVENT. ONLY THIS TIME, IT WAS FILLED  WITH EVENT ORGANIZERS WHO WERE", "gAmBsxxj3GI-00031-00002729-00002736": "ONLY THIS TIME, IT WAS FILLED  WITH EVENT ORGANIZERS WHO WERE", "gAmBsxxj3GI-00032-00002736-00002892": "ONLY THIS TIME, IT WAS FILLED  WITH EVENT ORGANIZERS WHO WERE  CONCERNED ABOUT A PROPOSED", "gAmBsxxj3GI-00033-00002892-00002899": "WITH EVENT ORGANIZERS WHO WERE  CONCERNED ABOUT A PROPOSED", "gAmBsxxj3GI-00034-00002899-00003049": "WITH EVENT ORGANIZERS WHO WERE  CONCERNED ABOUT A PROPOSED  SPECIAL EVENTS ORDINANCE THAT", "gAmBsxxj3GI-00035-00003049-00003056": "CONCERNED ABOUT A PROPOSED  SPECIAL EVENTS ORDINANCE THAT", "gAmBsxxj3GI-00036-00003056-00003189": "CONCERNED ABOUT A PROPOSED  SPECIAL EVENTS ORDINANCE THAT  WAS RECEIVING A SECOND READING.", "gAmBsxxj3GI-00037-00003189-00003196": "SPECIAL EVENTS ORDINANCE THAT  WAS RECEIVING A SECOND READING.", "gAmBsxxj3GI-00038-00003196-00003433": "SPECIAL EVENTS ORDINANCE THAT  WAS RECEIVING A SECOND READING. >> I THINK REALLY JUST KIND OF", "gAmBsxxj3GI-00039-00003433-00003440": "WAS RECEIVING A SECOND READING. >> I THINK REALLY JUST KIND OF", "gAmBsxxj3GI-00040-00003440-00003590": "WAS RECEIVING A SECOND READING. >> I THINK REALLY JUST KIND OF  LOOKING AT A PROCESS OVER THE", "gAmBsxxj3GI-00041-00003590-00003596": ">> I THINK REALLY JUST KIND OF  LOOKING AT A PROCESS OVER THE", "gAmBsxxj3GI-00042-00003596-00003713": ">> I THINK REALLY JUST KIND OF  LOOKING AT A PROCESS OVER THE  LAST YEAR OF WHAT OTHER CITIES", "gAmBsxxj3GI-00043-00003713-00003720": "LOOKING AT A PROCESS OVER THE  LAST YEAR OF WHAT OTHER CITIES", "gAmBsxxj3GI-00044-00003720-00003883": "LOOKING AT A PROCESS OVER THE  LAST YEAR OF WHAT OTHER CITIES  DO, WHAT WORKS, WHAT DOESN'T", "gAmBsxxj3GI-00045-00003883-00003890": "LAST YEAR OF WHAT OTHER CITIES  DO, WHAT WORKS, WHAT DOESN'T", "gAmBsxxj3GI-00046-00003890-00004104": "LAST YEAR OF WHAT OTHER CITIES  DO, WHAT WORKS, WHAT DOESN'T  WORK, AND HAVING KIND OF OPEN", "gAmBsxxj3GI-00047-00004104-00004110": "DO, WHAT WORKS, WHAT DOESN'T  WORK, AND HAVING KIND OF OPEN", "gAmBsxxj3GI-00048-00004110-00004240": "DO, WHAT WORKS, WHAT DOESN'T  WORK, AND HAVING KIND OF OPEN  COMMUNICATION WITH ALL THE EVENT", "gAmBsxxj3GI-00049-00004240-00004247": "WORK, AND HAVING KIND OF OPEN  COMMUNICATION WITH ALL THE EVENT", "gAmBsxxj3GI-00050-00004247-00004350": "WORK, AND HAVING KIND OF OPEN  COMMUNICATION WITH ALL THE EVENT ORGANIZERS AS WELL AS THE", "gAmBsxxj3GI-00051-00004350-00004357": "COMMUNICATION WITH ALL THE EVENT ORGANIZERS AS WELL AS THE", "gAmBsxxj3GI-00052-00004357-00004391": "COMMUNICATION WITH ALL THE EVENT ORGANIZERS AS WELL AS THE  BUSINESSES.", "gAmBsxxj3GI-00053-00004391-00004397": "ORGANIZERS AS WELL AS THE  BUSINESSES.", "gAmBsxxj3GI-00054-00004397-00004577": "ORGANIZERS AS WELL AS THE  BUSINESSES. >> DURING ITS SECOND READING,", "gAmBsxxj3GI-00055-00004577-00004584": "BUSINESSES. >> DURING ITS SECOND READING,", "gAmBsxxj3GI-00056-00004584-00004878": "BUSINESSES. >> DURING ITS SECOND READING,  ORGANIZERS FROM MANY OF", "gAmBsxxj3GI-00057-00004878-00004884": ">> DURING ITS SECOND READING,  ORGANIZERS FROM MANY OF", "gAmBsxxj3GI-00058-00004884-00005004": ">> DURING ITS SECOND READING,  ORGANIZERS FROM MANY OF  BEMIDJI'S ESTABLISHED EVENTS", "gAmBsxxj3GI-00059-00005004-00005011": "ORGANIZERS FROM MANY OF  BEMIDJI'S ESTABLISHED EVENTS", "gAmBsxxj3GI-00060-00005011-00005098": "ORGANIZERS FROM MANY OF  BEMIDJI'S ESTABLISHED EVENTS  BROUGHT FORTH THEIR CONCERNS", "gAmBsxxj3GI-00061-00005098-00005105": "BEMIDJI'S ESTABLISHED EVENTS  BROUGHT FORTH THEIR CONCERNS", "gAmBsxxj3GI-00062-00005105-00005255": "BEMIDJI'S ESTABLISHED EVENTS  BROUGHT FORTH THEIR CONCERNS  ABOUT THE PROPOSAL, SOME WITH SO", "gAmBsxxj3GI-00063-00005255-00005261": "BROUGHT FORTH THEIR CONCERNS  ABOUT THE PROPOSAL, SOME WITH SO", "gAmBsxxj3GI-00064-00005261-00005495": "BROUGHT FORTH THEIR CONCERNS  ABOUT THE PROPOSAL, SOME WITH SO MANY QUESTIONS THAT A REQUEST", "gAmBsxxj3GI-00065-00005495-00005502": "ABOUT THE PROPOSAL, SOME WITH SO MANY QUESTIONS THAT A REQUEST", "gAmBsxxj3GI-00066-00005502-00005655": "ABOUT THE PROPOSAL, SOME WITH SO MANY QUESTIONS THAT A REQUEST  WAS MADE TO HAVE A SPECIAL WORK", "gAmBsxxj3GI-00067-00005655-00005662": "MANY QUESTIONS THAT A REQUEST  WAS MADE TO HAVE A SPECIAL WORK", "gAmBsxxj3GI-00068-00005662-00005815": "MANY QUESTIONS THAT A REQUEST  WAS MADE TO HAVE A SPECIAL WORK  SESSION ON THE EVENTS TOPIC.", "gAmBsxxj3GI-00069-00005815-00005822": "WAS MADE TO HAVE A SPECIAL WORK  SESSION ON THE EVENTS TOPIC.", "gAmBsxxj3GI-00070-00005822-00005982": "WAS MADE TO HAVE A SPECIAL WORK  SESSION ON THE EVENTS TOPIC. >> THERE ARE A LOT OF QUESTIONS.", "gAmBsxxj3GI-00071-00005982-00005989": "SESSION ON THE EVENTS TOPIC. >> THERE ARE A LOT OF QUESTIONS.", "gAmBsxxj3GI-00072-00005989-00006079": "SESSION ON THE EVENTS TOPIC. >> THERE ARE A LOT OF QUESTIONS. I KNOW THERE ARE MANY", "gAmBsxxj3GI-00073-00006079-00006086": ">> THERE ARE A LOT OF QUESTIONS. I KNOW THERE ARE MANY", "gAmBsxxj3GI-00074-00006086-00006199": ">> THERE ARE A LOT OF QUESTIONS. I KNOW THERE ARE MANY  ORGANIZATIONS IN THIS CROWD", "gAmBsxxj3GI-00075-00006199-00006206": "I KNOW THERE ARE MANY  ORGANIZATIONS IN THIS CROWD", "gAmBsxxj3GI-00076-00006206-00006449": "I KNOW THERE ARE MANY  ORGANIZATIONS IN THIS CROWD  TONIGHT THAT ARE CONCERNED.", "gAmBsxxj3GI-00077-00006449-00006456": "ORGANIZATIONS IN THIS CROWD  TONIGHT THAT ARE CONCERNED.", "gAmBsxxj3GI-00078-00006456-00006733": "ORGANIZATIONS IN THIS CROWD  TONIGHT THAT ARE CONCERNED. >> WE DON'T KNOW WHAT IT MEANS", "gAmBsxxj3GI-00079-00006733-00006740": "TONIGHT THAT ARE CONCERNED. >> WE DON'T KNOW WHAT IT MEANS", "gAmBsxxj3GI-00080-00006740-00006920": "TONIGHT THAT ARE CONCERNED. >> WE DON'T KNOW WHAT IT MEANS  YET BECAUSE WE HAVEN'T FILTERED", "gAmBsxxj3GI-00081-00006920-00006926": ">> WE DON'T KNOW WHAT IT MEANS  YET BECAUSE WE HAVEN'T FILTERED", "gAmBsxxj3GI-00082-00006926-00007006": ">> WE DON'T KNOW WHAT IT MEANS  YET BECAUSE WE HAVEN'T FILTERED  THAT OUT THROUGH ALL THE", "gAmBsxxj3GI-00083-00007006-00007013": "YET BECAUSE WE HAVEN'T FILTERED  THAT OUT THROUGH ALL THE", "gAmBsxxj3GI-00084-00007013-00007090": "YET BECAUSE WE HAVEN'T FILTERED  THAT OUT THROUGH ALL THE  DIFFERENT PEOPLE THAT THIS IS", "gAmBsxxj3GI-00085-00007090-00007097": "THAT OUT THROUGH ALL THE  DIFFERENT PEOPLE THAT THIS IS", "gAmBsxxj3GI-00086-00007097-00007427": "THAT OUT THROUGH ALL THE  DIFFERENT PEOPLE THAT THIS IS  GOING TO APPLY TO.", "gAmBsxxj3GI-00087-00007427-00007434": "DIFFERENT PEOPLE THAT THIS IS  GOING TO APPLY TO.", "gAmBsxxj3GI-00088-00007434-00007801": "DIFFERENT PEOPLE THAT THIS IS  GOING TO APPLY TO. SO WE COULD HAVE SOME DISCUSSION", "gAmBsxxj3GI-00089-00007801-00007807": "GOING TO APPLY TO. SO WE COULD HAVE SOME DISCUSSION", "gAmBsxxj3GI-00090-00007807-00007897": "GOING TO APPLY TO. SO WE COULD HAVE SOME DISCUSSION OVER THE NEXT MONTH, THAT WOULD", "gAmBsxxj3GI-00091-00007897-00007904": "SO WE COULD HAVE SOME DISCUSSION OVER THE NEXT MONTH, THAT WOULD", "gAmBsxxj3GI-00092-00007904-00007937": "SO WE COULD HAVE SOME DISCUSSION OVER THE NEXT MONTH, THAT WOULD  BE GREAT.", "gAmBsxxj3GI-00093-00007937-00007944": "OVER THE NEXT MONTH, THAT WOULD  BE GREAT.", "gAmBsxxj3GI-00094-00007944-00008114": "OVER THE NEXT MONTH, THAT WOULD  BE GREAT. >> BUSINESS OWNERS ALSO SHARED", "gAmBsxxj3GI-00095-00008114-00008121": "BE GREAT. >> BUSINESS OWNERS ALSO SHARED", "gAmBsxxj3GI-00096-00008121-00008228": "BE GREAT. >> BUSINESS OWNERS ALSO SHARED  THEIR THOUGHTS AND ASKED THE", "gAmBsxxj3GI-00097-00008228-00008234": ">> BUSINESS OWNERS ALSO SHARED  THEIR THOUGHTS AND ASKED THE", "gAmBsxxj3GI-00098-00008234-00008658": ">> BUSINESS OWNERS ALSO SHARED  THEIR THOUGHTS AND ASKED THE  CITY NOT TO LIMIT THEIR", "gAmBsxxj3GI-00099-00008658-00008665": "THEIR THOUGHTS AND ASKED THE  CITY NOT TO LIMIT THEIR", "gAmBsxxj3GI-00100-00008665-00008698": "THEIR THOUGHTS AND ASKED THE  CITY NOT TO LIMIT THEIR  CREATIVITY.", "gAmBsxxj3GI-00101-00008698-00008705": "CITY NOT TO LIMIT THEIR  CREATIVITY.", "gAmBsxxj3GI-00102-00008705-00008808": "CITY NOT TO LIMIT THEIR  CREATIVITY. >> LARGE NONPROFITS THAT HAVE", "gAmBsxxj3GI-00103-00008808-00008815": "CREATIVITY. >> LARGE NONPROFITS THAT HAVE", "gAmBsxxj3GI-00104-00008815-00009015": "CREATIVITY. >> LARGE NONPROFITS THAT HAVE  THE STAFF AND BUDGET TO DO IT OR", "gAmBsxxj3GI-00105-00009015-00009022": ">> LARGE NONPROFITS THAT HAVE  THE STAFF AND BUDGET TO DO IT OR", "gAmBsxxj3GI-00106-00009022-00009105": ">> LARGE NONPROFITS THAT HAVE  THE STAFF AND BUDGET TO DO IT OR BUSINESSES THAT ARE MUCH MORE", "gAmBsxxj3GI-00107-00009105-00009112": "THE STAFF AND BUDGET TO DO IT OR BUSINESSES THAT ARE MUCH MORE", "gAmBsxxj3GI-00108-00009112-00009215": "THE STAFF AND BUDGET TO DO IT OR BUSINESSES THAT ARE MUCH MORE  ESTABLISHED AND SO TAKING THIS", "gAmBsxxj3GI-00109-00009215-00009222": "BUSINESSES THAT ARE MUCH MORE  ESTABLISHED AND SO TAKING THIS", "gAmBsxxj3GI-00110-00009222-00009365": "BUSINESSES THAT ARE MUCH MORE  ESTABLISHED AND SO TAKING THIS  BACK TO THE DRAWING BOARD,", "gAmBsxxj3GI-00111-00009365-00009372": "ESTABLISHED AND SO TAKING THIS  BACK TO THE DRAWING BOARD,", "gAmBsxxj3GI-00112-00009372-00009516": "ESTABLISHED AND SO TAKING THIS  BACK TO THE DRAWING BOARD,  GETTING MORE INPUT I THINK WILL", "gAmBsxxj3GI-00113-00009516-00009522": "BACK TO THE DRAWING BOARD,  GETTING MORE INPUT I THINK WILL", "gAmBsxxj3GI-00114-00009522-00009699": "BACK TO THE DRAWING BOARD,  GETTING MORE INPUT I THINK WILL  HELP IT BE A BETTER POLICY.", "gAmBsxxj3GI-00115-00009699-00009706": "GETTING MORE INPUT I THINK WILL  HELP IT BE A BETTER POLICY.", "gAmBsxxj3GI-00116-00009706-00009889": "GETTING MORE INPUT I THINK WILL  HELP IT BE A BETTER POLICY. >> WHILE THOSE IN ATTENDANCE", "gAmBsxxj3GI-00117-00009889-00009896": "HELP IT BE A BETTER POLICY. >> WHILE THOSE IN ATTENDANCE", "gAmBsxxj3GI-00118-00009896-00010046": "HELP IT BE A BETTER POLICY. >> WHILE THOSE IN ATTENDANCE  AGREE THAT A POLICY AND PROCESS", "gAmBsxxj3GI-00119-00010046-00010053": ">> WHILE THOSE IN ATTENDANCE  AGREE THAT A POLICY AND PROCESS", "gAmBsxxj3GI-00120-00010053-00010196": ">> WHILE THOSE IN ATTENDANCE  AGREE THAT A POLICY AND PROCESS  NEEDS TO BE PUT IN PLACE, THEY", "gAmBsxxj3GI-00121-00010196-00010203": "AGREE THAT A POLICY AND PROCESS  NEEDS TO BE PUT IN PLACE, THEY", "gAmBsxxj3GI-00122-00010203-00010333": "AGREE THAT A POLICY AND PROCESS  NEEDS TO BE PUT IN PLACE, THEY  WOULD LIKE TO BE INCLUDED THE", "gAmBsxxj3GI-00123-00010333-00010340": "NEEDS TO BE PUT IN PLACE, THEY  WOULD LIKE TO BE INCLUDED THE", "gAmBsxxj3GI-00124-00010340-00010550": "NEEDS TO BE PUT IN PLACE, THEY  WOULD LIKE TO BE INCLUDED THE  CREATION OF THE SPECIAL EVENTS", "gAmBsxxj3GI-00125-00010550-00010557": "WOULD LIKE TO BE INCLUDED THE  CREATION OF THE SPECIAL EVENTS", "gAmBsxxj3GI-00126-00010557-00010593": "WOULD LIKE TO BE INCLUDED THE  CREATION OF THE SPECIAL EVENTS  ORDINANCE.", "gAmBsxxj3GI-00127-00010593-00010600": "CREATION OF THE SPECIAL EVENTS  ORDINANCE.", "gAmBsxxj3GI-00128-00010600-00010720": "CREATION OF THE SPECIAL EVENTS  ORDINANCE. >> I THINK THEY WERE VERY", "gAmBsxxj3GI-00129-00010720-00010727": "ORDINANCE. >> I THINK THEY WERE VERY", "gAmBsxxj3GI-00130-00010727-00010820": "ORDINANCE. >> I THINK THEY WERE VERY  RESPECTFUL AND JUST REALLY", "gAmBsxxj3GI-00131-00010820-00010827": ">> I THINK THEY WERE VERY  RESPECTFUL AND JUST REALLY", "gAmBsxxj3GI-00132-00010827-00010907": ">> I THINK THEY WERE VERY  RESPECTFUL AND JUST REALLY  WANTING INFORMATION AND WANTING", "gAmBsxxj3GI-00133-00010907-00010914": "RESPECTFUL AND JUST REALLY  WANTING INFORMATION AND WANTING", "gAmBsxxj3GI-00134-00010914-00011044": "RESPECTFUL AND JUST REALLY  WANTING INFORMATION AND WANTING  TO WORK WITH THE CITY, AND I", "gAmBsxxj3GI-00135-00011044-00011051": "WANTING INFORMATION AND WANTING  TO WORK WITH THE CITY, AND I", "gAmBsxxj3GI-00136-00011051-00011177": "WANTING INFORMATION AND WANTING  TO WORK WITH THE CITY, AND I  THINK THAT'S A GREAT PLACE TO", "gAmBsxxj3GI-00137-00011177-00011184": "TO WORK WITH THE CITY, AND I  THINK THAT'S A GREAT PLACE TO", "gAmBsxxj3GI-00138-00011184-00011204": "TO WORK WITH THE CITY, AND I  THINK THAT'S A GREAT PLACE TO  BE.", "gAmBsxxj3GI-00139-00011204-00011211": "THINK THAT'S A GREAT PLACE TO  BE.", "gAmBsxxj3GI-00140-00011211-00011548": "THINK THAT'S A GREAT PLACE TO  BE. >> WITH AN AGREEMENT -- WITH AN", "gAmBsxxj3GI-00141-00011548-00011554": "BE. >> WITH AN AGREEMENT -- WITH AN", "gAmBsxxj3GI-00142-00011554-00011634": "BE. >> WITH AN AGREEMENT -- WITH AN  AGREEMENT TO WORK WITH ALL", "gAmBsxxj3GI-00143-00011634-00011641": ">> WITH AN AGREEMENT -- WITH AN  AGREEMENT TO WORK WITH ALL", "gAmBsxxj3GI-00144-00011641-00011875": ">> WITH AN AGREEMENT -- WITH AN  AGREEMENT TO WORK WITH ALL  INTERESTED PARTIES, THE CITY", "gAmBsxxj3GI-00145-00011875-00011881": "AGREEMENT TO WORK WITH ALL  INTERESTED PARTIES, THE CITY", "gAmBsxxj3GI-00146-00011881-00012035": "AGREEMENT TO WORK WITH ALL  INTERESTED PARTIES, THE CITY  WILL PICK UP THE SPECIAL EVENTS", "gAmBsxxj3GI-00147-00012035-00012042": "INTERESTED PARTIES, THE CITY  WILL PICK UP THE SPECIAL EVENTS", "gAmBsxxj3GI-00148-00012042-00012165": "INTERESTED PARTIES, THE CITY  WILL PICK UP THE SPECIAL EVENTS  ORDINANCE ISSUE IN THE NEW YEAR.", "gAmBsxxj3GI-00149-00012165-00012172": "WILL PICK UP THE SPECIAL EVENTS  ORDINANCE ISSUE IN THE NEW YEAR.", "gAmBsxxj3GI-00150-00012172-00012335": "WILL PICK UP THE SPECIAL EVENTS  ORDINANCE ISSUE IN THE NEW YEAR. JOSH PETERSON, LAKELAND NEWS.", "gAmBsxxj3GI-00151-00012335-00012342": "ORDINANCE ISSUE IN THE NEW YEAR. JOSH PETERSON, LAKELAND NEWS.", "gAmBsxxj3GI-00152-00012342-00012442": "ORDINANCE ISSUE IN THE NEW YEAR. JOSH PETERSON, LAKELAND NEWS. >> THE CITY COUNCIL VOTED AND", "gAmBsxxj3GI-00153-00012442-00012449": "JOSH PETERSON, LAKELAND NEWS. >> THE CITY COUNCIL VOTED AND", "gAmBsxxj3GI-00154-00012449-00012502": "JOSH PETERSON, LAKELAND NEWS. >> THE CITY COUNCIL VOTED AND  AGREED TO CONTINUE THE ORDINANCE"}}, {"audio_id": "gAuroHsYUZY", "text": {"gAuroHsYUZY-00000-00000204-00000556": "So here, we are subtraction algebraic fractions.", "gAuroHsYUZY-00001-00000556-00001360": "This is not an equation; there is no equal sign, I am just combining two fractions into one.", "gAuroHsYUZY-00002-00001360-00002060": "When I do this, the first thing I need to do is to factor these two denominators", "gAuroHsYUZY-00003-00002060-00002560": "because I need to find my least common denominator.", "gAuroHsYUZY-00004-00002560-00003907": "This factors into (y-4)(y+3) Always check to make sure you have factored correctly,", "gAuroHsYUZY-00005-00003907-00004850": "if you need to expand it out so you don’t make an error.", "gAuroHsYUZY-00006-00004850-00005890": "(y-9)(y-4), again, just check to make sure you have it factored properly.", "gAuroHsYUZY-00007-00005890-00006558": "Now, I can look at these and find the least common denominator.", "gAuroHsYUZY-00008-00006558-00008080": "My least common denominator (LCD) is (y-4)(y+3)(y-9)", "gAuroHsYUZY-00009-00008080-00009170": "I like to write my LCD down on my paper so I easily keep track of it as I work the problem.", "gAuroHsYUZY-00010-00009170-00010140": "First notice on this first fraction, my denominator doesn’t have the (y-9),", "gAuroHsYUZY-00011-00010140-00010840": "so I multiply numerator and denominator by (y-9).", "gAuroHsYUZY-00012-00010840-00011375": "When I do this, please notice that I put the original numerator in parentheses", "gAuroHsYUZY-00013-00011375-00012180": "because I want to make sure distribute the (y-9) across the entire numerator.", "gAuroHsYUZY-00014-00012180-00012900": "The denominator, I’m going to leave in factored form.", "gAuroHsYUZY-00015-00012900-00013950": "In the numerator, in order to combine these two fractions, I need to expand out the numerator.", "gAuroHsYUZY-00016-00013950-00015130": "4y^2 – 2y – 36y +18", "gAuroHsYUZY-00017-00015130-00016360": "that is going to be 4y^2 - 38y + 18", "gAuroHsYUZY-00018-00016360-00017210": "I’m going to write this down here, so I don’t get things all messed up in my work.", "gAuroHsYUZY-00019-00017210-00017800": "It helps to keep your work ordered, use lotsof paper.", "gAuroHsYUZY-00020-00017800-00018411": "Trees are cheap relative to tuition.", "gAuroHsYUZY-00021-00018411-00019210": "Use your paper, keep your work ordered, I rewrite this down here.", "gAuroHsYUZY-00022-00019210-00019749": "Now I have the first term with my least common denominator.", "gAuroHsYUZY-00023-00019749-00020098": "Now I go back to the second term.", "gAuroHsYUZY-00024-00020098-00020980": "Here my denominator has (y-4)(y-9) and it needs a (y+3)", "gAuroHsYUZY-00025-00020980-00021476": "So I’m going to multiply numerator and denominator by (y+3)", "gAuroHsYUZY-00026-00021476-00022540": "Again, I put parentheses around this term to make sure I distribute properly,", "gAuroHsYUZY-00027-00022540-00022790": "across the whole term.", "gAuroHsYUZY-00028-00022790-00024020": "This gives me y^2 + 3y – 14y -42", "gAuroHsYUZY-00029-00024020-00024760": "That is y^2 -11y - 42.", "gAuroHsYUZY-00030-00024760-00025090": "I’m going to write that down here:", "gAuroHsYUZY-00031-00025090-00025660": "it is a subtraction problem, so I put my subtraction there", "gAuroHsYUZY-00032-00025660-00027750": "write down y^2 -11y - 42 over (y-9)(y-4)(y+3)", "gAuroHsYUZY-00033-00027750-00028866": "You can see that I brought down this numerator right here.", "gAuroHsYUZY-00034-00028866-00029524": "Now, my denominators are the same, my numerators are all expanded as they should be.", "gAuroHsYUZY-00035-00029524-00030552": "I am subtracting, so I make sure to put this in parentheses because I need to distribute that negative.", "gAuroHsYUZY-00036-00030560-00031068": "Because I have common denominators, I can just subtract the numerators.", "gAuroHsYUZY-00037-00031069-00031893": "I’m going to rewrite everything again, 4y^2 - . . .", "gAuroHsYUZY-00038-00031893-00032500": "This should be -38y, sorry about that, you were all probably yelling at the screen", "gAuroHsYUZY-00039-00032500-00033390": "- 38 y + 18,", "gAuroHsYUZY-00040-00033398-00033944": "now this minus, I’m going to distribute it as I write down this second polynomial", "gAuroHsYUZY-00041-00033944-00034910": "- y^2 +11y + 42", "gAuroHsYUZY-00042-00034910-00036274": "All that is over my least common denominator, which is (y-4)(y+3)(y-9)", "gAuroHsYUZY-00043-00036274-00036924": "I’ve combined my fractions, but I still need to simplify (combine like terms).", "gAuroHsYUZY-00044-00036924-00037880": "4y^2 – y^2 gives me 3y^2", "gAuroHsYUZY-00045-00037880-00038928": "- 38y + 11y gives – 27y", "gAuroHsYUZY-00046-00038928-00039936": "18 + 42 gives + 60", "gAuroHsYUZY-00047-00040042-00040908": "Now I’ve combined all my like terms, but I’m not done yet.", "gAuroHsYUZY-00048-00040908-00041538": "There’s my least common denominator.", "gAuroHsYUZY-00049-00041538-00042466": "I factor my numerator to see if I can simplify the fraction any further.", "gAuroHsYUZY-00050-00042466-00043278": "Factor out the 3 from each term . . .", "gAuroHsYUZY-00051-00043278-00044850": "y^2 – 9y + 20, all still over my least common denominator.", "gAuroHsYUZY-00052-00044852-00045960": "Factor this polynomial, (y-5)(y-4)", "gAuroHsYUZY-00053-00045960-00046492": "Again, I’m going to rewrite it so it is neat.", "gAuroHsYUZY-00054-00046492-00048272": "3 (y-5)(y-4) over (y-4)(y+3)(y-9)", "gAuroHsYUZY-00055-00048272-00049022": "My (y-4) divides out,", "gAuroHsYUZY-00056-00049022-00049656": "so that gives me the numerator 3 (y-5)", "gAuroHsYUZY-00057-00049656-00050436": "divided by (y+3)(y-9)", "gAuroHsYUZY-00058-00050436-00050982": "You may leave this in factored form, you do not need to expand this back out.", "gAuroHsYUZY-00059-00050982-00051438": "Usually, I suggest leaving it here in factored form", "gAuroHsYUZY-00060-00051444-00052032": "because depending on what we do with it next, we may need it factored.", "gAuroHsYUZY-00061-00052032-00052210": "There you go."}}, {"audio_id": "gAAOg1ywvu4", "text": {"gAAOg1ywvu4-00000-00000008-00000816": "yo my forehead is so big i can see this drip when i walk little [ __ ] this a boss when i talk", "gAAOg1ywvu4-00001-00000816-00001448": "i mat down spin the bag so for today's video i have a bikini try on haul for you guys i haven't", "gAAOg1ywvu4-00002-00001448-00002064": "done a try on haul in a minute so i got sent some bikinis from the site called pinkclassy.com", "gAAOg1ywvu4-00003-00002120-00002544": "they hooked me up with some things so um i decided to try some on for you guys", "gAAOg1ywvu4-00004-00002544-00002896": "and to just share some of the things that i got um i will have everything", "gAAOg1ywvu4-00005-00002896-00003552": "linked down below like always as well as the sizing i got all my swimsuits in a size medium", "gAAOg1ywvu4-00006-00003552-00004040": "uh i'm five two because i know people always ask me like how tall are you i'm five two um", "gAAOg1ywvu4-00007-00004040-00004480": "if that means anything and i'm gonna share with y'all what i got before we get into the video if", "gAAOg1ywvu4-00008-00004480-00005096": "you're new be sure to subscribe we're almost at 90k which means we almost had a hundred", "gAAOg1ywvu4-00009-00005096-00005688": "so be sure to subscribe if you're new here for more videos um also be sure to give this video", "gAAOg1ywvu4-00010-00005688-00006168": "a thumbs up if you have social media you can find me on my instagram srxo uh to see what", "gAAOg1ywvu4-00011-00006168-00006816": "i'm up to and yeah we're gonna get into the video i know i'm gonna get questions about where this", "gAAOg1ywvu4-00012-00006912-00007488": "cropped jacket is from i actually thrifted it from buffalo exchange just as oakland raiders you know", "gAAOg1ywvu4-00013-00007568-00008144": "you feel me bay area so the first one to share with you guys is this red bikini kind of has this", "gAAOg1ywvu4-00014-00008144-00008584": "pattern on it that's similar to like you know like the red bandanas um these are the bottoms", "gAAOg1ywvu4-00015-00008664-00009176": "and the top is this bandeau top it actually came with the straps you can attach the straps on it", "gAAOg1ywvu4-00016-00009176-00009664": "if you want it that way but i think this look is cuter and this is how i wore it", "gAAOg1ywvu4-00017-00009664-00010104": "um so i actually really like bottoms like this that have the string like the open", "gAAOg1ywvu4-00018-00010104-00010448": "sides just because you can like you know pull it up and give that like", "gAAOg1ywvu4-00019-00010520-00011384": "snatched waist look so um this one was super cute i actually just really like red bikinis in general", "gAAOg1ywvu4-00020-00012856-00013504": "this next one i got is a little similar as far as style goes just because um it has the open sides", "gAAOg1ywvu4-00021-00013504-00013880": "it has open sides once again just the pattern is different this one", "gAAOg1ywvu4-00022-00013880-00014200": "is more of like a blue detailing on it strings attached to it", "gAAOg1ywvu4-00023-00014200-00014663": "are this bright orange color which is really cute for the summer time um like i said i got", "gAAOg1ywvu4-00024-00014663-00015063": "all them in a size medium and i feel like this top is a little small for a medium", "gAAOg1ywvu4-00025-00015119-00015663": "so if you're a little blessed in the chest area you know you might need a large because it's a", "gAAOg1ywvu4-00026-00015663-00016984": "little small but i mean it just depends um how much you want to show so it's really up to you", "gAAOg1ywvu4-00027-00018176-00018616": "the next bikini i got i was super excited for when i saw it because i was like this about to be", "gAAOg1ywvu4-00028-00018616-00019120": "cute i'm about to be popping showing that to the pool party he's like what's up", "gAAOg1ywvu4-00029-00019184-00019824": "but when i tried it on i was like it's not bad like it's not it's not bad", "gAAOg1ywvu4-00030-00019824-00020288": "but to me it just looks a little cheap because you can it has this detailing on it", "gAAOg1ywvu4-00031-00020288-00020776": "that's really eye-catching and cute so basically has like these buckles that you can adjust um", "gAAOg1ywvu4-00032-00020776-00021432": "so this is the top and then the detailing is also on the bottoms as well the only thing is when you", "gAAOg1ywvu4-00033-00021432-00022080": "adjust it you have this access material basically that you guys can see right here and it just looks", "gAAOg1ywvu4-00034-00022080-00022480": "cheap like the way it's like hanging off of the swimsuit like you don't really have anywhere to", "gAAOg1ywvu4-00035-00022480-00023008": "put the access material so i just tucked it in when i tried it on but um yeah it just", "gAAOg1ywvu4-00036-00023080-00023560": "when i put it on it just felt a little cheap to me i don't know maybe it's just me but they had", "gAAOg1ywvu4-00037-00023560-00024376": "this bikini in uh white and black as well so they had three colors available um but yeah my personal", "gAAOg1ywvu4-00038-00024376-00024768": "opinion is that you know it could have been a little better i'm honestly gonna give it a six out", "gAAOg1ywvu4-00039-00024768-00025264": "of ten if i had to rate it but this is the back of it so as you can tell it's a little cheeky so you", "gAAOg1ywvu4-00040-00025264-00026783": "know you showing little cakes there trying to show some cake then that swimsuit is the one for you", "gAAOg1ywvu4-00041-00028695-00029527": "so this next one is this pretty bold swimsuit it's a little bold you know because it's sparkly", "gAAOg1ywvu4-00042-00029527-00029952": "has like this like sparkling like glitter detailing my camera's not even picking it up", "gAAOg1ywvu4-00043-00030008-00030648": "but it's basically made out of glitter and i was trying to try this on and your girl could just not", "gAAOg1ywvu4-00044-00030648-00031183": "get it because let me show y'all the bottoms are super super easy but the top this is the top right", "gAAOg1ywvu4-00045-00031272-00031656": "and when i was looking at it i was like okay these strings you know tie around your body", "gAAOg1ywvu4-00046-00031712-00032288": "but where are my arms supposed to go like where does it go around my head like i really couldn't", "gAAOg1ywvu4-00047-00032288-00032624": "figure out where this was to go around my head like i was really staring at this for", "gAAOg1ywvu4-00048-00032624-00033112": "a cool minute and i should probably get on the website and see how the model wore it because", "gAAOg1ywvu4-00049-00033184-00033976": "i don't know i was like i can't go like that my arm's not supposed to go like that because then", "gAAOg1ywvu4-00050-00034072-00034520": "so i'm like i don't know how you're supposed to wear this like i really don't so i couldn't try", "gAAOg1ywvu4-00051-00034520-00035160": "it on for you guys um but i will try to see how the model wore it and insert a picture", "gAAOg1ywvu4-00052-00035160-00035808": "here on the screen to share that with y'all but um other than that it's cute once i figure out how to", "gAAOg1ywvu4-00053-00035808-00036312": "put it on then you know we're going to be we're going to be popping but until then", "gAAOg1ywvu4-00054-00036312-00036848": "um that's that the next one that i got is a pretty modest one because you know you're", "gAAOg1ywvu4-00055-00036848-00037208": "not trying to show cakes everywhere you go you know you're just trying to give them a slice", "gAAOg1ywvu4-00056-00037208-00037760": "sometimes you're not trying to give them the whole cake so i got a more modest one um this one is", "gAAOg1ywvu4-00057-00037760-00038344": "kind of like a i can't even describe the color of this but it has like a floral pattern on it", "gAAOg1ywvu4-00058-00038480-00039032": "with some detailing on the sides the back is a little bit cinched but like i said", "gAAOg1ywvu4-00059-00039032-00039736": "you're mostly covered up in these bottoms the top as well matches and it's really cute so", "gAAOg1ywvu4-00060-00039832-00040784": "i'm gonna be bringing this one with me on vacation i'm probably on vacation by the time i upload this", "gAAOg1ywvu4-00061-00041512-00041928": "the last one i got i didn't try it on just because i felt like it's like a basic bikini", "gAAOg1ywvu4-00062-00041992-00042304": "nothing too special about it um just this white and black", "gAAOg1ywvu4-00063-00042392-00043376": "detailing on the top and the bottom matches and it has that open those open sides that i like so", "gAAOg1ywvu4-00064-00043544-00044240": "these are what the bottoms look like they are pretty the cakes is going to be out the cakes", "gAAOg1ywvu4-00065-00044240-00044952": "is going to be out in this as you can tell this is this is the back of it so um like i said the top", "gAAOg1ywvu4-00066-00044952-00045536": "is adjustable so pretty basic bikini uh super good quality as far as the material goes um", "gAAOg1ywvu4-00067-00045632-00046064": "yeah it's really cute real basic if you guys liked anything that i got be sure to check my", "gAAOg1ywvu4-00068-00046064-00046512": "links down below if you guys want more try on hauls or just have any suggestions for me to do", "gAAOg1ywvu4-00069-00046512-00047048": "be sure to hit me up and let me know down below in the comments um hit me up on my instagram at zarya", "gAAOg1ywvu4-00070-00047048-00047760": "xo once again thank you guys for watching and i will see y'all in my next video bye"}}, {"audio_id": "gB1GYK-N5KE", "text": {"gB1GYK-N5KE-00000-00000024-00000210": "maybe I'll go back to the torture book the torture book?", "gB1GYK-N5KE-00001-00000426-00001170": "the language there's a torture book written by a Harvard researcher Elaine Scarry", "gB1GYK-N5KE-00002-00001308-00001734": "the body and pain the making and unmaking of the world", "gB1GYK-N5KE-00003-00001734-00002862": "she researched torture across cultures and and systemic culture and then broke down the steps", "gB1GYK-N5KE-00004-00003048-00003761": "of how to devoice a person after you devoice the person then you take over their voice", "gB1GYK-N5KE-00005-00003888-00004326": "and then you redefine their world because when you devoice them you take over their", "gB1GYK-N5KE-00006-00004326-00004854": "voice by applying pain that knocks away, that destroys their language circuits", "gB1GYK-N5KE-00007-00005220-00005622": "then you create a torture you amplify the torture not from the pain", "gB1GYK-N5KE-00008-00005760-00006462": "the pain is the doorway that opens psychosis or too much reality", "gB1GYK-N5KE-00009-00006528-00006912": "then you can devoice the person and blame them for stuff that's not their fault", "gB1GYK-N5KE-00010-00006912-00007559": "if you give them two choices and then you make them lose either way so you create", "gB1GYK-N5KE-00011-00007656-00008070": "a false reality by devoicing then you make them love you so you have the", "gB1GYK-N5KE-00012-00008172-00008736": "uh that intimacy bond and she studied that across cultures and broke down the", "gB1GYK-N5KE-00013-00008826-00009192": "mechanisms of how it's used in war and interrogation", "gB1GYK-N5KE-00014-00009638-00009738": "The", "gB1GYK-N5KE-00015-00009738-00010314": "structure of how beliefs work have religions yeah this is", "gB1GYK-N5KE-00016-00010392-00011172": "artifacts very academic but like well researched what a lovely woman, I love her", "gB1GYK-N5KE-00017-00011172-00011662": "Was she Mexican? [Laughter]", "gB1GYK-N5KE-00018-00012084-00012456": "I shared this in the early days it's pretty simple that's the downside", "gB1GYK-N5KE-00019-00012642-00013194": "It's simple rules, where is it? It's like pain in the language of agency,", "gB1GYK-N5KE-00020-00013266-00013547": "so pain is a shortcut to take away someone's agency", "gB1GYK-N5KE-00021-00013782-00014154": "yeah it's like two or three steps or four steps", "gB1GYK-N5KE-00022-00014610-00015240": "we create stories, language of agency, it's a verbal strategy, it's an internalization strategy,", "gB1GYK-N5KE-00023-00015240-00015936": "has a positive that allows you to keep your sense of self and be stable in the pain, but", "gB1GYK-N5KE-00024-00015936-00016470": "the negative aspect of number three, is it pushes your pain more invisible, not just other people", "gB1GYK-N5KE-00025-00016470-00016962": "so number one your pain is invisible to others okay", "gB1GYK-N5KE-00026-00016962-00017544": "empathy doesn't exist that's just a guess you guess what their pain is", "gB1GYK-N5KE-00027-00017640-00018090": "and if you relate to their their emotional pain you'll feel their pain through Contagion", "gB1GYK-N5KE-00028-00018258-00018612": "but if you don't have excess panic and someone floods you have Panic you aren't", "gB1GYK-N5KE-00029-00018612-00019314": "gonna feel their panic because you're hollow so if you if you manage your pain and your", "gB1GYK-N5KE-00030-00019314-00019698": "flashbacks other people flooding you it goes right through you", "gB1GYK-N5KE-00031-00019770-00020418": "because other people's pain is invisible to you and your pain is invisible to others", "gB1GYK-N5KE-00032-00020418-00021186": "so pain obliterates language so I can destroy your story by insulting you by physically pushing", "gB1GYK-N5KE-00033-00021186-00021948": "you and then once your language is broken then I can now use the language of agency", "gB1GYK-N5KE-00034-00022158-00022482": "to create a different storyline for you for the torture subject", "gB1GYK-N5KE-00035-00022632-00023142": "and then the double bind is that I can doubt your pain because other", "gB1GYK-N5KE-00036-00023142-00023664": "person to hear your pain always has doubt and then you who have pain has certainty", "gB1GYK-N5KE-00037-00023664-00023898": "so I can amplify the split", "gB1GYK-N5KE-00038-00024042-00024462": "so this is the denial split I can always deny your pain", "gB1GYK-N5KE-00039-00024678-00024984": "because to me it's real it's not my pain so hearing", "gB1GYK-N5KE-00040-00024984-00025254": "your pain I always have doubt there's always room to deny you", "gB1GYK-N5KE-00041-00025410-00026148": "and then if I accentuate the difference that creates a split in you of the target", "gB1GYK-N5KE-00042-00026376-00026892": "I can just see this all so clearly how this applies", "gB1GYK-N5KE-00043-00026892-00027462": "this is weaponizing the denial split break you down then split", "gB1GYK-N5KE-00044-00027462-00027876": "the difference between pain amplify the difference of shared Humanity", "gB1GYK-N5KE-00045-00027876-00028308": "so I can I me as shared Humanity I can torture inflict pain on you", "gB1GYK-N5KE-00046-00028308-00028583": "and then I can amplify the split that the pain is in you", "gB1GYK-N5KE-00047-00028583-00029100": "and I'll disown all the blame and say you're at fault for the pain that you're feeling", "gB1GYK-N5KE-00048-00029100-00029344": "That's the denial mindfuck", "gB1GYK-N5KE-00049-00029706-00030233": "I will deny my agency of causing you pain and I'll create a story to make you blame yourself", "gB1GYK-N5KE-00050-00030444-00030833": "it's not complicated um I mean a lot of colonization", "gB1GYK-N5KE-00051-00030833-00031194": "happens with this formula yes she studied it", "gB1GYK-N5KE-00052-00031398-00032639": "they teach it to torture torturers CIA probably has their protocol to break down a person", "gB1GYK-N5KE-00053-00032639-00033204": "and then Karl Marx said the only antidote to mental suffering is physical pain yes,", "gB1GYK-N5KE-00054-00033420-00033762": "the shortcut is to get to your hate and then you have someone that can", "gB1GYK-N5KE-00055-00033816-00033954": "help you articulate your hate", "gB1GYK-N5KE-00056-00033954-00034404": "and now you can have language of agency for your unmet needs", "gB1GYK-N5KE-00057-00035136-00035508": "physical pain obliterates all psychological content", "gB1GYK-N5KE-00058-00035508-00035982": "so that's the adaptive quality of trauma and pain it takes you to a blank state", "gB1GYK-N5KE-00059-00036048-00036618": "the blank state is psychosis and psychosis is adaptive because psychosis", "gB1GYK-N5KE-00060-00036618-00037254": "psychosis are changing to a new reality psychosis is changing to", "gB1GYK-N5KE-00061-00037254-00037704": "a new reality psychosis are changing to a new reality", "gB1GYK-N5KE-00062-00038106-00038538": "so if I'm a therapist and I make you be addicted to comfort", "gB1GYK-N5KE-00063-00038904-00039594": "I've disabled you from change because physical pain is what makes you have a clear blank slate,", "gB1GYK-N5KE-00064-00039666-00040104": "a reset that allows you to change the next reality", "gB1GYK-N5KE-00065-00040104-00040572": "I keep you incapacitated by constantly numbing your pain", "gB1GYK-N5KE-00066-00040734-00041202": "constantly numbing your pain means I can also torture you more because that means it takes less", "gB1GYK-N5KE-00067-00041202-00041982": "pain to make you destroy your language circuits to destroy your language of agency to devoice", "gB1GYK-N5KE-00068-00041982-00042144": "you to devoice you", "gB1GYK-N5KE-00069-00042240-00042846": "this is weaponizing the denial split break you down then split the difference", "gB1GYK-N5KE-00070-00042846-00043254": "between pain me as shared Humanity I can torture inflict pain on you", "gB1GYK-N5KE-00071-00043254-00043896": "then amplify the split that the pain is in you, and I'll disown all the blame and say you're at", "gB1GYK-N5KE-00072-00043896-00044290": "fault for the pain that you're feeling That's the denial mindfuck.", "gB1GYK-N5KE-00073-00044646-00045180": "I would deny my agency of causing you pain and I'll create a story to make you blame yourself", "gB1GYK-N5KE-00074-00045180-00045660": "weaponizing the denial split I would deny my agency of causing you pain", "gB1GYK-N5KE-00075-00045660-00046056": "create a story to make you blame yourself weaponizing the denial split"}}, {"audio_id": "gBlEhPhsB5E", "text": {"gBlEhPhsB5E-00000-00000200-00000463": "Hello! This is going to be a quick video", "gBlEhPhsB5E-00001-00000463-00000784": "showing you how to do the most basic of formulas", "gBlEhPhsB5E-00002-00000784-00000926": "in Google Sheets.", "gBlEhPhsB5E-00003-00001063-00001321": "With a formula, we can take cell references", "gBlEhPhsB5E-00004-00001332-00001500": "numbers that are in certain cells", "gBlEhPhsB5E-00005-00001500-00001789": "and we can add, subtract, multiply, divide", "gBlEhPhsB5E-00006-00001789-00002043": "do whatever calculations we want with those formulas", "gBlEhPhsB5E-00007-00002086-00002566": "And whenever you make a formula, you need to type an equal sign at the beginning", "gBlEhPhsB5E-00008-00002566-00003024": "to let Google Sheets know that it needs to be doing a calculation.", "gBlEhPhsB5E-00009-00003090-00003607": "So here in cells A2 and B2, we have two numbers that we want to add", "gBlEhPhsB5E-00010-00003626-00003900": "the word \"sum\" S-U-M means to add", "gBlEhPhsB5E-00011-00003934-00004187": "So in C2, I'm going to click on that,", "gBlEhPhsB5E-00012-00004187-00004384": "and then I'll start typing =", "gBlEhPhsB5E-00013-00004413-00004999": "and then I could type A2 + B2, or I could click in those cells.", "gBlEhPhsB5E-00014-00005087-00005227": "And maybe that's a little quicker.", "gBlEhPhsB5E-00015-00005227-00005525": "So I clicked in A2, and now I'll type a +", "gBlEhPhsB5E-00016-00005525-00005714": "And now I'll click in B2", "gBlEhPhsB5E-00017-00005714-00006093": "And you can see it's color-coded, so if you have a pretty complicated spreadsheet", "gBlEhPhsB5E-00018-00006093-00006503": "this can help you see what cells are actually part of your formula.", "gBlEhPhsB5E-00019-00006503-00006647": "And now if I hit Enter,", "gBlEhPhsB5E-00020-00006742-00006951": "it gives me the sum. Seven dollars.", "gBlEhPhsB5E-00021-00007102-00007433": "And if I click on this cell that has the formula,", "gBlEhPhsB5E-00022-00007433-00007935": "up here you can see that it still has the formula beneath the surface", "gBlEhPhsB5E-00023-00007935-00008358": "but it's showing me the result of the formula on the spreadsheet itself.", "gBlEhPhsB5E-00024-00008438-00008766": "Okay. Down below that, we want to find the difference of two numbers.", "gBlEhPhsB5E-00025-00008766-00008948": "\"Difference\" means subtract,", "gBlEhPhsB5E-00026-00008948-00009472": "So if I'm going to subtract these two numbers in A5 and B5,", "gBlEhPhsB5E-00027-00009544-00009931": "I'll click in C5 and then I'll type an equal sign.", "gBlEhPhsB5E-00028-00009994-00010468": "And then again, I can either type the cell references or I can just click on each cell", "gBlEhPhsB5E-00029-00010492-00010920": "and type a minus sign in between those two.", "gBlEhPhsB5E-00030-00010971-00011279": "So now my formula is A5 minus B5", "gBlEhPhsB5E-00031-00011279-00011688": "and I'll hit Enter to lock that in, and it does the calculation,", "gBlEhPhsB5E-00032-00011688-00012051": "and again behind the scenes, the formula is still there", "gBlEhPhsB5E-00033-00012121-00012604": "And what's great about these is if we change the numbers in the particular cells", "gBlEhPhsB5E-00034-00012604-00012862": "the formula will update the result.", "gBlEhPhsB5E-00035-00012862-00013378": "If maybe I made a mistake and the first number should really be three seventy-five,", "gBlEhPhsB5E-00036-00013666-00014117": "it automatically updates the difference to be a dollar seventy now.", "gBlEhPhsB5E-00037-00014224-00014540": "Okay. And now, over here finally in column F,", "gBlEhPhsB5E-00038-00014540-00014867": "we have some numbers that we may want to add up.", "gBlEhPhsB5E-00039-00014941-00015564": "And if we want to do the sum of a bunch of numbers,", "gBlEhPhsB5E-00040-00015564-00015953": "we don't have to type each individual cell reference with a + in between.", "gBlEhPhsB5E-00041-00015953-00016173": "We can use the \"sum\" formula.", "gBlEhPhsB5E-00042-00016209-00016565": "So I'll type in cell F7", "gBlEhPhsB5E-00043-00016565-00016858": "= and then S U M", "gBlEhPhsB5E-00044-00016915-00017430": "and you can see that Google Sheets is predicting, \"Hey do you want to add up the numbers in", "gBlEhPhsB5E-00045-00017430-00017861": "cells F1 through F6, or maybe F2 through F6?\"", "gBlEhPhsB5E-00046-00017977-00018366": "I'm going to ignore the suggestion, just so we can see what's going on here.", "gBlEhPhsB5E-00047-00018404-00018785": "And I do want just F2 through F6,", "gBlEhPhsB5E-00048-00018785-00019274": "it doesn't hurt, I suppose, to have the word \"Calories\" as part of the sum because it's not a number", "gBlEhPhsB5E-00049-00019338-00019812": "But the format here is = S U M", "gBlEhPhsB5E-00050-00019812-00019939": "and then parentheses", "gBlEhPhsB5E-00051-00019939-00020325": "the first cell that you want to add, so that's F2", "gBlEhPhsB5E-00052-00020363-00020573": "and then a colon :", "gBlEhPhsB5E-00053-00020646-00021057": "and then the last cell that you want to add, F6", "gBlEhPhsB5E-00054-00021204-00021600": "and now if I hit Enter, it adds those all together", "gBlEhPhsB5E-00055-00021617-00022038": "and again behind the scenes, we have the sum formula", "gBlEhPhsB5E-00056-00022038-00022238": "but it shows us that the total is 500 calories.", "gBlEhPhsB5E-00057-00022373-00022630": "And this is a lot quicker than", "gBlEhPhsB5E-00058-00022630-00023230": "having to do \"F2 plus F3 plus F4\", and so on.", "gBlEhPhsB5E-00059-00023230-00023662": "So if you use the \"sum\" formula, you don't have to use any plus signs.", "gBlEhPhsB5E-00060-00023716-00024281": "Just have the first cell reference, colon, the last cell reference", "gBlEhPhsB5E-00061-00024281-00024552": "and it will add up all those numbers in between.", "gBlEhPhsB5E-00062-00024552-00024910": "Okay! Thanks for watching, and let me know if you have any questions."}}, {"audio_id": "gBzx8V7Nd8E", "text": {"gBzx8V7Nd8E-00000-00000006-00000258": "In principle this video was going to be 25 things that I hate", "gBzx8V7Nd8E-00001-00000278-00000565": "but as I am very hater of life, they are going to be 30", "gBzx8V7Nd8E-00002-00000565-00000862": "and since I do not want this video to be much longer ...", "gBzx8V7Nd8E-00003-00000862-00000962": "We started", "gBzx8V7Nd8E-00004-00001074-00001456": "the ants and the worms, the ants, I do not know why, the worms do not need explanation", "gBzx8V7Nd8E-00005-00001574-00001878": "bathtubs with curtain or half screen", "gBzx8V7Nd8E-00006-00001878-00002148": "please, leave me in comments", "gBzx8V7Nd8E-00007-00002148-00002450": "for what are the bathtubs with curtain or half screen other than to leave the bathroom dripping", "gBzx8V7Nd8E-00008-00002578-00002940": "people who are always late, but not 5 minutes, if not half an hour", "gBzx8V7Nd8E-00009-00002940-00003328": "If you know you're not going to be by 6, why do not we stay at 6:30?", "gBzx8V7Nd8E-00010-00003328-00003574": "Not that we are at 6 and arrive at 6:30", "gBzx8V7Nd8E-00011-00003724-00004033": "The announcements in the last 5 minutes of the movie,", "gBzx8V7Nd8E-00012-00004033-00004133": "tell me, for what?", "gBzx8V7Nd8E-00013-00004170-00004418": "I hate, I hate, I hate", "gBzx8V7Nd8E-00014-00004470-00004570": "I hate, I hate, I hate", "gBzx8V7Nd8E-00015-00004934-00005158": "spinach, mushrooms", "gBzx8V7Nd8E-00016-00005158-00005402": "and the way my mother has to try to put it on", "gBzx8V7Nd8E-00017-00005402-00005730": "Yesterday we ate mushrooms and today the tortilla has rare pieces,", "gBzx8V7Nd8E-00018-00005730-00005952": "do not tell me that this is from the tortilla", "gBzx8V7Nd8E-00019-00006156-00006506": "The food that stays in the sink hole.", "gBzx8V7Nd8E-00020-00006586-00006914": "And if it's bread and it's wet ...", "gBzx8V7Nd8E-00021-00007088-00007504": "Talk on the phone and more if you are going to tell me your life in vers...", "gBzx8V7Nd8E-00022-00007586-00008145": "You send me audio and I listen to them when I can or want to, BUT DO NOT CALL ME", "gBzx8V7Nd8E-00023-00008191-00008488": "Pizza with pineapple, how typical!", "gBzx8V7Nd8E-00024-00008625-00008790": "well I HATE THIS WITH PEPPERONI", "gBzx8V7Nd8E-00025-00008880-00009100": "The people who talk to you with your helmets on", "gBzx8V7Nd8E-00026-00009154-00009448": "The moment that you are in bed Oh, I fall asleep! Oh, I do not sleep!", "gBzx8V7Nd8E-00027-00009448-00009742": "And it makes you want to urinate", "gBzx8V7Nd8E-00029-00009907-00010194": "I'm dying the cold toilet bowl", "gBzx8V7Nd8E-00030-00010194-00010319": "in winter", "gBzx8V7Nd8E-00031-00010448-00010661": "The games of questions.", "gBzx8V7Nd8E-00032-00010878-00011244": "When you go to throw cold milk and you have only left a finger.", "gBzx8V7Nd8E-00034-00011376-00011490": "The beach", "gBzx8V7Nd8E-00035-00011532-00011865": "The sand because when you get to your house you have to ride a desert", "gBzx8V7Nd8E-00036-00011865-00012190": "and the water because your hair leaves you not even a scourer", "gBzx8V7Nd8E-00037-00012318-00012658": "give kisses when you arrive, when you leave, when you go to the bathroom", "gBzx8V7Nd8E-00038-00012658-00013258": "When are you going to ask, when are you going to call your mother, when are you going to take out your dog?", "gBzx8V7Nd8E-00039-00013372-00013913": "Losing, to the cards, to the videojuegos, to the games of table, to the marbles ... TO WHAT IT IS !!", "gBzx8V7Nd8E-00040-00014016-00014747": "and the fulleros, because if I already hate to lose of normal, if ON YOU ARE A SH**** TRAP ...", "gBzx8V7Nd8E-00041-00014869-00015263": "Losing the dilator, I do not know how but I always do it", "gBzx8V7Nd8E-00042-00015368-00015994": "Let them raise their hands to those women who are brave enough to sneeze with freshly painted eyelashes", "gBzx8V7Nd8E-00043-00016138-00017024": "Young children, what need do I have to sit quietly and have a small child next to me?", "gBzx8V7Nd8E-00044-00017024-00017296": "Saying, let's play this, let's play the other", "gBzx8V7Nd8E-00045-00017314-00017466": "LEAVE ME ALONE !!!!", "gBzx8V7Nd8E-00046-00017590-00017870": "They smoke near me", "gBzx8V7Nd8E-00047-00017870-00018110": "better, that they put the smoke on my face", "gBzx8V7Nd8E-00048-00018142-00018754": "WHY IS EVERYTHING PLANET EARTH YOU HAVE TO PUT MY SMOKE TO ME ON THE FACE ?!", "gBzx8V7Nd8E-00049-00018804-00019146": "The turtlenecks seem like the worst of Chinese tortures", "gBzx8V7Nd8E-00050-00019268-00019450": "Having to wash my hands in winter", "gBzx8V7Nd8E-00051-00019516-00019754": "People with the brightness of the phone to the fullest", "gBzx8V7Nd8E-00052-00019768-00020030": "That is going to teach you something in the middle of the night and it's like ...", "gBzx8V7Nd8E-00053-00020050-00020706": "When you are passing the instagram stories and you see that the person you hate likes the same song as you ...", "gBzx8V7Nd8E-00054-00020804-00021432": "What have I done to you? There are no songs in the world that you have to like the SAME that TO ME?", "gBzx8V7Nd8E-00055-00021546-00021924": "The need of some people to crunch their fingers constantly", "gBzx8V7Nd8E-00056-00022054-00022438": "When I say something serious and people laugh", "gBzx8V7Nd8E-00057-00022554-00022888": "Because I'm saying it seriously ... And they laugh ...", "gBzx8V7Nd8E-00058-00022998-00023576": "The disgusting ones of the gym that you do not know if they approach you because they really want to help you or because you have your ass in pomp.", "gBzx8V7Nd8E-00059-00023722-00024294": "People are dressed to be at home ... They will not leave or anything, just be at home ...", "gBzx8V7Nd8E-00060-00024372-00024532": "What are you playing for?", "gBzx8V7Nd8E-00061-00024630-00024758": "And here's the video today", "gBzx8V7Nd8E-00062-00024820-00025738": "Yes, I know I said it would be 30 and it was 29, but the last one I want you to leave in comments.", "gBzx8V7Nd8E-00063-00025810-00026010": "And see you next week", "gBzx8V7Nd8E-00064-00026060-00026260": "*Muacks*"}}, {"audio_id": "gBX2PbQJHiM", "text": {"gBX2PbQJHiM-00000-00000066-00000835": "Captioning note: the soundtrack narration ispresented as text on each slide"}}, {"audio_id": "gBcG_5gRUeE", "text": {"gBcG_5gRUeE-00000-00000024-00000456": "okay so let's get into details of the lidar data so", "gBcG_5gRUeE-00001-00000456-00000959": "specifically so i want to talk about that how the distance are calculated", "gBcG_5gRUeE-00002-00000959-00001551": "uh in lidar data so uh the secret is that again we are", "gBcG_5gRUeE-00003-00001551-00002039": "converting times into distances uh so this may sound very", "gBcG_5gRUeE-00004-00002039-00002392": "familiar from the gps data so where satellites", "gBcG_5gRUeE-00005-00002392-00002711": "send out signals and us depending on the time", "gBcG_5gRUeE-00006-00002711-00003167": "that we how long we need to receive the signal the time difference we can", "gBcG_5gRUeE-00007-00003167-00003623": "calculate the spatial difference so it is the same", "gBcG_5gRUeE-00008-00003623-00004152": "here in the lidar sensor so basically our sensor can send out the signals", "gBcG_5gRUeE-00009-00004152-00004912": "so it is a again active uh sensor and to reach our target", "gBcG_5gRUeE-00010-00004912-00005503": "and next the target will reflect part of the signals back to the", "gBcG_5gRUeE-00011-00005503-00005871": "sensor so depending on the time that when so the", "gBcG_5gRUeE-00012-00005871-00006423": "timeline is at the signal being sent out and temp2 is set the signal has been", "gBcG_5gRUeE-00013-00006423-00006888": "received and also the sensor itself also knows", "gBcG_5gRUeE-00014-00006888-00007152": "exact locations of the sensor because sensor", "gBcG_5gRUeE-00015-00007152-00007623": "normally has and gps you need so they know that where", "gBcG_5gRUeE-00016-00007623-00007975": "the the position of itself uh so", "gBcG_5gRUeE-00017-00007975-00008664": "next we just divide the uh so we use a speed line times the time", "gBcG_5gRUeE-00018-00008664-00009207": "that uh send out and received divided by two", "gBcG_5gRUeE-00019-00009207-00009847": "and now we will get the distance okay and because we know the exact", "gBcG_5gRUeE-00020-00009847-00010400": "location of our sensors so we are able to calculate", "gBcG_5gRUeE-00021-00010400-00010943": "distance um of our target okay", "gBcG_5gRUeE-00022-00010943-00011415": "so we send out the sensors the sensor send out signals so", "gBcG_5gRUeE-00023-00011415-00011775": "if the target is within relative short distance", "gBcG_5gRUeE-00024-00011775-00012271": "the time will be smaller okay so t1 and also t2", "gBcG_5gRUeE-00025-00012271-00012823": "the time difference will be smaller so if the target is far away from the", "gBcG_5gRUeE-00026-00012823-00013152": "sensor so the time difference will be bigger", "gBcG_5gRUeE-00027-00013152-00013544": "then the distance will be bigger and because we know the exact location of", "gBcG_5gRUeE-00028-00013544-00013880": "the sensor so we are about to know the exact", "gBcG_5gRUeE-00029-00013880-00014584": "location of our target all right um so one", "gBcG_5gRUeE-00030-00014584-00015304": "difference okay so multiple returns so one unique", "gBcG_5gRUeE-00031-00015304-00015831": "feature of the lighter is that the laser sometimes can be", "gBcG_5gRUeE-00032-00015831-00016384": "transmitted can trans uh can traverse through the target so can", "gBcG_5gRUeE-00033-00016384-00017008": "can just pass the target so remember that the energy that", "gBcG_5gRUeE-00034-00017008-00017416": "part of energy will be reflected part of the energy will be absorbed and", "gBcG_5gRUeE-00035-00017416-00017759": "part of the energy will be transmitted through", "gBcG_5gRUeE-00036-00017759-00018223": "our target so that is same for the lasers so", "gBcG_5gRUeE-00037-00018223-00018631": "the sensor sent out the laser pulse so part of the energy will be", "gBcG_5gRUeE-00038-00018631-00019048": "reflected to the sensor and for the same signal", "gBcG_5gRUeE-00039-00019048-00019431": "the part of an energy will you see here transfer the", "gBcG_5gRUeE-00040-00019431-00019831": "the first layer and also reach the second layer of the object", "gBcG_5gRUeE-00041-00019831-00020351": "and reflect it and the last part energy will be reflected so for", "gBcG_5gRUeE-00042-00020351-00020728": "example uh for the pause so the first part will be", "gBcG_5gRUeE-00043-00020728-00021272": "the top of the target the second pause", "gBcG_5gRUeE-00044-00021272-00021648": "will be in the middle of the target and the last pause", "gBcG_5gRUeE-00045-00021648-00022095": "uh last returned pause we have the last layer of the target", "gBcG_5gRUeE-00046-00022095-00022736": "okay so when we receive the um the the signals the pause so we will", "gBcG_5gRUeE-00047-00022736-00023168": "know that they are all from the same signal so we know exactly the first", "gBcG_5gRUeE-00048-00023168-00023528": "return that is a intermediate return and also", "gBcG_5gRUeE-00049-00023528-00023920": "that is the last return so we know that distance", "gBcG_5gRUeE-00050-00023920-00024304": "between the target and also our sensor so that will be the", "gBcG_5gRUeE-00051-00024304-00024568": "top of our target that will be the middle", "gBcG_5gRUeE-00052-00024568-00024912": "layer and also that will be our be the last", "gBcG_5gRUeE-00053-00024912-00025448": "layer of the target okay so the sensors so the ladder data", "gBcG_5gRUeE-00054-00025448-00025816": "can have multiple returns because the laser port", "gBcG_5gRUeE-00055-00025816-00026368": "part of the laser port the energy can travel through the target and be", "gBcG_5gRUeE-00056-00026368-00026783": "reflected by the second or the third or the lower part of the", "gBcG_5gRUeE-00057-00026783-00027239": "target so that means that in our lidar data so", "gBcG_5gRUeE-00058-00027239-00027672": "we have the first return uh some of the lighter data can be the", "gBcG_5gRUeE-00059-00027672-00027960": "second return some the lighter data can be the third", "gBcG_5gRUeE-00060-00027960-00028400": "return and now some some retained points can be the last", "gBcG_5gRUeE-00061-00028400-00028647": "written", "gBcG_5gRUeE-00062-00028672-00029112": "okay so the first routine is almost the top", "gBcG_5gRUeE-00063-00029112-00029656": "of the target okay so can tell us the top of the target", "gBcG_5gRUeE-00064-00029656-00030144": "and the last three to always tell the bottom", "gBcG_5gRUeE-00065-00030295-00030672": "okay of the target okay so the first return", "gBcG_5gRUeE-00066-00030672-00031088": "will always give us a top of the target supply cam for example the building", "gBcG_5gRUeE-00067-00031088-00031463": "the top of the buildings those are hard surface so that will", "gBcG_5gRUeE-00068-00031463-00031880": "they'll be top written or the first return", "gBcG_5gRUeE-00069-00031880-00032272": "and the bottom the last return for example the ground okay so that will be", "gBcG_5gRUeE-00070-00032272-00032903": "always be the bottom return so that's the multiple returns", "gBcG_5gRUeE-00071-00033040-00033591": "like the air photos so the we can also measure the", "gBcG_5gRUeE-00072-00033591-00033960": "reflections of the laser pulse so that means the", "gBcG_5gRUeE-00073-00033960-00034496": "amount has been reflected and that is called the intensity so we", "gBcG_5gRUeE-00074-00034496-00034808": "can re measure the number of the returns and", "gBcG_5gRUeE-00075-00034808-00035344": "also we can measure the intensity of each single return so", "gBcG_5gRUeE-00076-00035344-00035728": "reflection is the intensity of each single return", "gBcG_5gRUeE-00077-00035728-00036375": "and there are some materials that have highly reflective so they have", "gBcG_5gRUeE-00078-00036375-00036872": "a strong signal returns and also there are also some materials that have", "gBcG_5gRUeE-00079-00036872-00037391": "uh lower reflective or the low signal returns", "gBcG_5gRUeE-00080-00037391-00037744": "okay so that means that we can also have some", "gBcG_5gRUeE-00081-00037744-00038352": "um more information about our target so in this case this is not an", "gBcG_5gRUeE-00082-00038352-00038760": "air photo this is not a photo or image so this", "gBcG_5gRUeE-00083-00038760-00039160": "is the lighter point that we we have received", "gBcG_5gRUeE-00084-00039160-00039816": "um so we can see those are the airpods based on the shape of the intensity of", "gBcG_5gRUeE-00085-00039816-00040160": "the reflected points and also based on the runways so", "gBcG_5gRUeE-00086-00040160-00040424": "those might be the wrong ways we can say runway has", "gBcG_5gRUeE-00087-00040424-00040656": "very", "gBcG_5gRUeE-00088-00040712-00041424": "low reflections and also the other parts they have very high reflections okay so", "gBcG_5gRUeE-00089-00041424-00041928": "that can tell us more about information about target so we can know", "gBcG_5gRUeE-00090-00041928-00042319": "the number of the returns and also we can know the intensity of", "gBcG_5gRUeE-00091-00042319-00042896": "the c of the return signal so if we look at the led lighter data", "gBcG_5gRUeE-00092-00042896-00043519": "so normally it contains x y and z of the object so it", "gBcG_5gRUeE-00093-00043519-00044184": "retains xyz of the object and and also it has the intensity and also", "gBcG_5gRUeE-00094-00044184-00044584": "number of the returns so intensity and also number returns and", "gBcG_5gRUeE-00095-00044584-00044847": "normally they will have the other information", "gBcG_5gRUeE-00096-00044847-00045600": "but here generally so for a professional uh lighter data set it will have x", "gBcG_5gRUeE-00097-00045600-00046103": "y z uh so the coordinates and also it has", "gBcG_5gRUeE-00098-00046103-00046400": "intensity and is that the first return or second", "gBcG_5gRUeE-00099-00046400-00046840": "rating or third return so which returns that we capture that", "gBcG_5gRUeE-00100-00046840-00047224": "signal okay so that is the data that", "gBcG_5gRUeE-00101-00047224-00047568": "ladder data contains", "gBcG_5gRUeE-00102-00047600-00047936": "uh so here are some examples here we can see that", "gBcG_5gRUeE-00103-00047936-00048568": "uh this is uh we can see the trees we can see the road okay", "gBcG_5gRUeE-00104-00048568-00049047": "uh so uh this is the one example of the lighter points", "gBcG_5gRUeE-00105-00049047-00049616": "so the ladder day set is very very huge and it gives us the 3d views because we", "gBcG_5gRUeE-00106-00049616-00050040": "can know the xyz so it gives a give us a 3d view of the", "gBcG_5gRUeE-00107-00050040-00050519": "object and we can accurately", "gBcG_5gRUeE-00108-00050519-00051144": "measure the height and also the distance essentials of the object so here this is", "gBcG_5gRUeE-00109-00051144-00051464": "i think that i believe this is the same data set but we are looking at the", "gBcG_5gRUeE-00110-00051464-00051912": "different angles um so here we can see that the height so", "gBcG_5gRUeE-00111-00051912-00052320": "some other trees and also some of the hills and also some", "gBcG_5gRUeE-00112-00052320-00052904": "other roads okay again lighter data can be", "gBcG_5gRUeE-00113-00052904-00053295": "very very huge"}}, {"audio_id": "gC6iRtVyTTM", "text": {"gC6iRtVyTTM-00002-00014000-00014461": "I think the first thing to say is that the the Cappella Marciana, the choir of the St. Mark's Basilica,", "gC6iRtVyTTM-00003-00014461-00014951": "is very honored and grateful to be taking part in this", "gC6iRtVyTTM-00004-00014951-00015565": "special event. It's been a real pleasure to perform and to share this platform", "gC6iRtVyTTM-00005-00015565-00016119": "with the Hover Choir. They're a wonderful choir and i'm very happy to be", "gC6iRtVyTTM-00006-00016119-00016920": "conducting them albeit through this this particular technology which allows this.", "gC6iRtVyTTM-00007-00016920-00017554": "It was a little difficult to get used to at first because the because we", "gC6iRtVyTTM-00008-00017554-00018084": "are such a great distance away from the Yerevan and here in Venice there is a", "gC6iRtVyTTM-00009-00018084-00018901": "slight delay but in the piece we're doing, where we are two choirs, it's a", "gC6iRtVyTTM-00010-00018901-00019570": "piece by Giovanni Croce called Ecce Panis, and in this piece the Hover choir", "gC6iRtVyTTM-00011-00019570-00020050": "sings the second choir and the Cappella Marciana sings the first choir. This is", "gC6iRtVyTTM-00012-00020050-00020425": "a piece that we sing at St. Mark's from the two organ lofts where we are", "gC6iRtVyTTM-00013-00020425-00021084": "forty meters distant. In this case we are thousands of kilometres distant from", "gC6iRtVyTTM-00014-00021084-00021376": "each other which makes it a very interesting", "gC6iRtVyTTM-00015-00021376-00022051": "experience and there is a delay but we can it's not too great that we can't", "gC6iRtVyTTM-00016-00022051-00022698": "make the piece function and make music. This is a very beautiful piece", "gC6iRtVyTTM-00017-00022698-00023466": "and I like to think that in having us singing here and the Hover choir singing in Yerevan", "gC6iRtVyTTM-00018-00023466-00023976": "it's almost as if we are in the Basilica of the world and we are", "gC6iRtVyTTM-00019-00023976-00024687": "creating this musical bridge from one city to the other and I think that", "gC6iRtVyTTM-00020-00024687-00025131": "we are in dialogue with each other as we as we sing together and then they sing", "gC6iRtVyTTM-00021-00025131-00025500": "and we sing and then we come together at the end and I think", "gC6iRtVyTTM-00022-00025510-00029576": "bridges of this kind are what we really need in the world nowadays"}}, {"audio_id": "gCBr4Y4-aXI", "text": {"gCBr4Y4-aXI-00000-00000000-00000976": "[AUDIENCE] Andreas, you once made a point about the layering of Bitcoin, with the Lightning Network on top.", "gCBr4Y4-aXI-00001-00000976-00001644": "I think you [also] made a point of saying that [the Lightning Network] was a hybrid model,", "gCBr4Y4-aXI-00002-00001644-00002098": "representing a proof-of-stake aspect. Is that an argument you would make?", "gCBr4Y4-aXI-00003-00002098-00002514": "[ANDREAS] Yes, I think that Lightning does  incorporate some elements of proof-of-stake.", "gCBr4Y4-aXI-00004-00002514-00003529": "In order to create Lightning as an overlay network that allows you to route payments over Bitcoin,", "gCBr4Y4-aXI-00005-00003529-00004338": "very fast and in very small amounts, you need to build channels that will \"lock up\" money.", "gCBr4Y4-aXI-00006-00004338-00004794": "If you engage in the Lightning Network,  effectively you can earn fees for routing.", "gCBr4Y4-aXI-00007-00004794-00005184": "Locking up money to earn fees sounds like proof-of-stake to me.", "gCBr4Y4-aXI-00008-00005184-00006126": "It introduces a kind of hybrid mechanism for committing funds to the system, which supports the network,", "gCBr4Y4-aXI-00009-00006126-00006666": "and earning some reward in return for that, by securing transactions.", "gCBr4Y4-aXI-00010-00006666-00006945": "I would call that a proof-of-stake system."}}, {"audio_id": "gCQwtLp4Y0I", "text": {"gCQwtLp4Y0I-00000-00001842-00002016": "Stick that in your pipe and smoke it!"}}, {"audio_id": "gCY1pH7fZmQ", "text": {"gCY1pH7fZmQ-00000-00000646-00001267": "Hello, I'm going to tell you about referencing. Why to reference, What to reference, and How", "gCY1pH7fZmQ-00001-00001267-00001727": "to reference First why should you reference -- You should", "gCY1pH7fZmQ-00002-00001727-00002384": "already know it's to make your essays and presentations stronger and more persuasive.", "gCY1pH7fZmQ-00003-00002384-00002948": "Next what to reference? What sources can you use?", "gCY1pH7fZmQ-00004-00002948-00003623": "Most people look first on the Internet -- and there's lots of information; maybe too much", "gCY1pH7fZmQ-00005-00003623-00004323": "information; some good; a lot not so good. So, what can you find online?", "gCY1pH7fZmQ-00006-00004458-00005132": "Blogs - usually not very reliable -- who wrote it? Are they an expert? Has anyone checked it?", "gCY1pH7fZmQ-00007-00005132-00005832": "So, this is most probably a no. Wikipedia -- ok- there's lots of information;", "gCY1pH7fZmQ-00008-00006092-00006661": "sometimes it looks good as well; but is it reliable? In some ways it is less reliable", "gCY1pH7fZmQ-00009-00006661-00007361": "than a blog. Because at least we sometimes know who wrote a blog, while with Wikipedia,", "gCY1pH7fZmQ-00010-00007390-00008006": "it could literally be anyone, from the world famous professor at MIT to the kid who lives", "gCY1pH7fZmQ-00011-00008006-00008697": "two doors down from you. So, Wikipedia, it's possibly another no.", "gCY1pH7fZmQ-00012-00008697-00009397": "Newspapers? Well, they are ok. Information in them has usually been checked, so they", "gCY1pH7fZmQ-00013-00009414-00010114": "are fairly trustworthy, but think of how far you would trust them. And another problem", "gCY1pH7fZmQ-00014-00010175-00010753": "with newspapers, they report current issues, while at university, we are looking at issues", "gCY1pH7fZmQ-00015-00010753-00011453": "in far more detail. So, a newspaper is a source you can only sometimes use.", "gCY1pH7fZmQ-00016-00011499-00012199": "Ok, next then, academic journals. This is like an academic magazine, published every", "gCY1pH7fZmQ-00017-00012204-00012819": "3 or 4 months or so. What's different about a journal, is that to be published in one,", "gCY1pH7fZmQ-00018-00012819-00013519": "your work has to be checked by another expert. So, if your writing isn't reliable, it will", "gCY1pH7fZmQ-00019-00013552-00014252": "not be published. This is an extremely good reliability measure, so this makes journals", "gCY1pH7fZmQ-00020-00014263-00014963": "perhaps one of the best sources you can use. Finally, books. To publish a book, it costs", "gCY1pH7fZmQ-00021-00015029-00015628": "a lot of money, so, publishers usually check the books very carefully first; check for", "gCY1pH7fZmQ-00022-00015628-00016328": "errors; make sure it is accurate; so, books are also a good source to use.", "gCY1pH7fZmQ-00023-00016513-00017213": "Good, now we have our sources, but how should you reference?", "gCY1pH7fZmQ-00024-00017356-00017984": "There are two basic styles, the author year one, such as APA and Harvard, and the number", "gCY1pH7fZmQ-00025-00017984-00018684": "system, such as IEEE or Vancouver. I'm going to look briefly at both styles, it's also", "gCY1pH7fZmQ-00026-00018736-00019211": "important that you are aware of them as you will come across different styles in different", "gCY1pH7fZmQ-00027-00019211-00019911": "subjects and as you read different literature. However, always check with your subject teacher", "gCY1pH7fZmQ-00028-00020011-00020711": "as to what style you should use in your assessments. Ok, here's an example of APA in-text citation;", "gCY1pH7fZmQ-00029-00021293-00021873": "in-text means that the referencing is part of the essay. You can see here the author's", "gCY1pH7fZmQ-00030-00021873-00022573": "surname and the year highlighted. And here's an example of IEEE in-text citation;", "gCY1pH7fZmQ-00031-00023198-00023898": "here there is no year; instead each reference is represented by a number in square brackets.", "gCY1pH7fZmQ-00032-00024095-00024795": "OK, remember when you reference, you should use your own words. You should summarise or", "gCY1pH7fZmQ-00033-00024797-00025475": "paraphrase the original source. If you don't do that, you are copying -- in which case", "gCY1pH7fZmQ-00034-00025475-00025813": "you should quote and use double quotation marks.", "gCY1pH7fZmQ-00035-00025813-00026418": "Here's an example of a quote in APA style with double quotation marks; see that you", "gCY1pH7fZmQ-00036-00026418-00027075": "also need to give the page number for a direct quotation.", "gCY1pH7fZmQ-00037-00027075-00027586": "For a quote in IEEE or Vancouver style, the page number should be put in the reference", "gCY1pH7fZmQ-00038-00027586-00028286": "list. You still need the quotation marks. See this example.", "gCY1pH7fZmQ-00039-00028764-00029464": "One more thing about in-text referencing. There are two types-integral and non-integral.", "gCY1pH7fZmQ-00040-00029666-00030349": "Here is an integral example in APA style, and one in IEEE style. Notice that you can", "gCY1pH7fZmQ-00041-00030349-00031049": "use the author's name in both examples and you use a referencing verb. Try to learn a", "gCY1pH7fZmQ-00042-00031087-00031756": "range of verbs in the coming weeks as they will be useful in your writing. You use an", "gCY1pH7fZmQ-00043-00031756-00032420": "integral reference when you want to give prominence to the view of the author.", "gCY1pH7fZmQ-00044-00032420-00033115": "The other type of in-text reference is non-integral. See the first example in APA style, and the", "gCY1pH7fZmQ-00045-00033115-00033815": "second in IEEE style. Notice in APA style, both the author's surname and year are in", "gCY1pH7fZmQ-00046-00033902-00034602": "brackets but still part of the sentence; the full stop comes after the final bracket. For", "gCY1pH7fZmQ-00047-00034728-00035405": "non-integral references in IEEE style you just have a number in square brackets. Again", "gCY1pH7fZmQ-00048-00035405-00036105": "it is part of the sentence. You use non-integral when the information is more important.", "gCY1pH7fZmQ-00049-00036234-00036934": "Ok, finally the reference list. Each style has small differences, but remember for APA", "gCY1pH7fZmQ-00050-00037137-00037837": "and Harvard, they are in alphabetical order -- so from A to Z. Here's an example.", "gCY1pH7fZmQ-00051-00038440-00039091": "In IEEE and Vancouver they are in numerical order - the first reference in the essay is", "gCY1pH7fZmQ-00052-00039091-00039791": "labelled number one, and that is number one in the reference list. You can see an example here.", "gCY1pH7fZmQ-00053-00039828-00040221": "To make sure your reference list and intext", "gCY1pH7fZmQ-00054-00040221-00040840": "references are accurate, you can use Online bibliographic management programs available", "gCY1pH7fZmQ-00055-00040840-00041397": "in the PolyU library, but remember to also double check against the ELC Referencing Style", "gCY1pH7fZmQ-00056-00041397-00042080": "Guide for the specific style you are using. Well, that's it, happy referencing!"}}, {"audio_id": "gD54XQz-QVu", "text": {"gD54XQz-QVu-00000-00000218-00000834": "SCP-1795 The Star Womb - object class safe", "gD54XQz-QVu-00001-00001064-00001198": "Item #: SCP-1795", "gD54XQz-QVu-00002-00001199-00001515": "Object Class: Safe", "gD54XQz-QVu-00003-00001515-00002234": "Special Containment Procedures: All known instances of SCP-1795 inhabit extremely remote", "gD54XQz-QVu-00004-00002234-00002851": "locales in interstellar space and are composed of dimensions that exceed that of the Earth;", "gD54XQz-QVu-00005-00002851-00003544": "therefore, containment of all SCP-1795 entities is impossible at present.", "gD54XQz-QVu-00006-00003544-00004147": "Movements of all known cases of SCP-1795 should be tracked and their creation cycles monitored", "gD54XQz-QVu-00007-00004147-00004319": "for any new developments.", "gD54XQz-QVu-00008-00004319-00005016": "Foundation personnel within NASA, ESA and deep space observatories have confirmed that", "gD54XQz-QVu-00009-00005016-00005630": "there are no known cases of SCP-1795 within at least twenty light years of Earth, with", "gD54XQz-QVu-00010-00005630-00006205": "analysis of space to the depth of thirty light years currently ongoing.", "gD54XQz-QVu-00011-00006205-00006808": "Any close scientific examination (i.e. examination with the intent to locate exoplanets) into", "gD54XQz-QVu-00012-00006808-00007515": "any stars listed in Document B1795, from any body other than the Foundation is to be suppressed", "gD54XQz-QVu-00013-00007515-00008382": "immediately as the stars listed all harbor a case of SCP-1795 in varying stages of creation.", "gD54XQz-QVu-00014-00008382-00008924": "Any public or government examination of young protostars not yet cleared by the Foundation", "gD54XQz-QVu-00015-00008924-00009615": "is to be closely monitored for any data revealing cases of SCP-1795 in the universe.", "gD54XQz-QVu-00016-00009615-00010170": "Should such a case occur, Class-A amnestics will be administered to all individuals involved,", "gD54XQz-QVu-00017-00010170-00010617": "with all recorded data to be seized by the Foundation for analysis and expunged from", "gD54XQz-QVu-00018-00010617-00010909": "the public record.", "gD54XQz-QVu-00019-00010909-00011429": "It has been discovered that the population density of SCP-1795 varies throughout the", "gD54XQz-QVu-00020-00011429-00012104": "galaxy- the region surrounding Earth is sparsely populated, with as little as 1 in 1,000,000", "gD54XQz-QVu-00021-00012104-00012756": "stars harbouring a case of SCP-1795 in the local 1000 light years.", "gD54XQz-QVu-00022-00012756-00013347": "In areas of high star formation such as globular clusters and nebulae, population density can", "gD54XQz-QVu-00023-00013347-00013669": "be as high as 1 in 1,000.", "gD54XQz-QVu-00024-00013669-00014301": "Estimates for the total population of SCP-1795 in our galaxy range from between one billion", "gD54XQz-QVu-00025-00014301-00014712": "cases to a population in excess of fifty billion.", "gD54XQz-QVu-00026-00014712-00015341": "Description: Due to their great distance from Earth, direct observation is impossible with", "gD54XQz-QVu-00027-00015341-00015987": "current telescope technology; however, usage of SCP-███ has permitted remote viewing", "gD54XQz-QVu-00028-00015987-00016553": "to a relatively detailed degree, and the harnessing of the latent temporal effects of SCP-███", "gD54XQz-QVu-00029-00016553-00017256": "has allowed the preliminary observation of instances of SCP-1795 over the course of the", "gD54XQz-QVu-00030-00017256-00017626": "past fifteen million years.", "gD54XQz-QVu-00031-00017626-00018138": "Cases of SCP-1795 are spheroidal entities, somewhat similar in appearance to that of", "gD54XQz-QVu-00032-00018138-00018637": "the human heart, with three large nodular openings circling the ‘upper’ end and", "gD54XQz-QVu-00033-00018637-00018904": "a hollow interior.", "gD54XQz-QVu-00034-00018904-00019363": "Although they outwardly appear to be composed of some form of biological material, detailed", "gD54XQz-QVu-00035-00019363-00019860": "examination has revealed that their bodies do not correlate to any known form of biological", "gD54XQz-QVu-00036-00019860-00020437": "matter and are likely at least partially synthetic in construction.", "gD54XQz-QVu-00037-00020437-00021073": "Instances of SCP-1795 are the largest life forms known to the Foundation, often in excess", "gD54XQz-QVu-00038-00021073-00021462": "of 50,000 kilometers in diameter.", "gD54XQz-QVu-00039-00021462-00021968": "It is unknown whether cases of SCP-1795 are sapient.", "gD54XQz-QVu-00040-00021968-00022470": "Although they are capable of highly complex tasks, outlined below, it is unknown whether", "gD54XQz-QVu-00041-00022470-00023009": "they are aware of, control, or self-regulate these actions, or if they operate on little", "gD54XQz-QVu-00042-00023009-00023336": "more than animalistic instinct.", "gD54XQz-QVu-00043-00023336-00023812": "They are not observed to utilize any form of technology, and move at speeds barely in", "gD54XQz-QVu-00044-00023812-00024385": "excess of what can be achieved with modern rocket technology, therefore traversing interstellar", "gD54XQz-QVu-00045-00024385-00024934": "space must necessarily take millions, if not billions of years for them, depending on their", "gD54XQz-QVu-00046-00024934-00025208": "target destination.", "gD54XQz-QVu-00047-00025208-00025716": "Assuming they are not immortal, then their lifespan must be on similar terms.", "gD54XQz-QVu-00048-00025716-00026145": "It is worth noting that throughout the Foundation’s ████ ███████ year-long", "gD54XQz-QVu-00049-00026145-00026913": "study of cases of SCP-1795, no case has ever been observed to expire or be otherwise destroyed,", "gD54XQz-QVu-00050-00026913-00027502": "nor has any case been observed to reproduce, self-replicate, or come into contact with", "gD54XQz-QVu-00051-00027502-00027906": "another SCP-1795.", "gD54XQz-QVu-00052-00027906-00028464": "Cases of SCP-1795 exhibit two key anomalous properties that are essential to their only", "gD54XQz-QVu-00053-00028464-00028751": "known form of natural behavior.", "gD54XQz-QVu-00054-00028751-00029464": "The first anomalous property is that cases of SCP-1795 will always seek out young protostars", "gD54XQz-QVu-00055-00029464-00029736": "and attempt to move into their orbit.", "gD54XQz-QVu-00056-00029736-00030318": "However, due to the fact that it takes all instances of SCP-1795 billions of years to", "gD54XQz-QVu-00057-00030318-00030924": "traverse interstellar space, the SCP-1795 must have started moving in the direction", "gD54XQz-QVu-00058-00030924-00031358": "of the star millions of years before it even existed.", "gD54XQz-QVu-00059-00031358-00031989": "One explanation for the seven (7) ‘dormant’ (i.e. currently not mobile) cases of SCP-1795", "gD54XQz-QVu-00060-00031989-00032377": "is that they are simply waiting for their target star to form.", "gD54XQz-QVu-00061-00032377-00033150": "The second property is far more readily observable, and understood to a far greater degree.", "gD54XQz-QVu-00062-00033150-00033824": "Upon arrival at a young protostar, the SCP-1795 will move into a stable orbit in the star’s", "gD54XQz-QVu-00063-00033824-00034262": "habitable, or ‘Goldilocks’ zone, where temperatures are suitable for life as it is", "gD54XQz-QVu-00064-00034262-00034521": "understood on Earth.", "gD54XQz-QVu-00065-00034521-00034784": "It will then proceed to create a planet.", "gD54XQz-QVu-00066-00034784-00035479": "The methods by which cases of SCP-1795 create planets are not fully understood, but fall", "gD54XQz-QVu-00067-00035479-00036050": "into a clearly defined pattern of eight ‘stages’ which are outlined below.", "gD54XQz-QVu-00068-00036050-00036506": "All created planets are observed to be rocky, similar in size to that of the Earth, possess", "gD54XQz-QVu-00069-00036506-00037163": "a breathable atmosphere, magnetically active core, fully formed moon and are always extremely", "gD54XQz-QVu-00070-00037163-00037453": "conducive to life.", "gD54XQz-QVu-00071-00037453-00037946": "SCP-███ has been used extensively to locate and study such phenomena, and with", "gD54XQz-QVu-00072-00037946-00038559": "the inventory of known cases of SCP-1795 approaching over five hundred million instances known", "gD54XQz-QVu-00073-00038559-00039117": "to the Foundation, all aspects of the creation cycle have been witnessed and studied to a", "gD54XQz-QVu-00074-00039117-00039409": "great degree.", "gD54XQz-QVu-00075-00039409-00040138": "Document A1795: ‘SCP-1795 Planetary Creation Cycle’", "gD54XQz-QVu-00076-00040138-00040933": "STAGE ONE: The nodular openings around SCP-1795’s upper end dilate and draw in stellar material;", "gD54XQz-QVu-00077-00040933-00041353": "such as gaseous matter and rocky debris.", "gD54XQz-QVu-00078-00041353-00041968": "All material is observed to converge into a rough orb in the center of the SCP-1795,", "gD54XQz-QVu-00079-00041968-00042453": "with all rocky debris gradually compacting into a solid sphere with all gaseous matter", "gD54XQz-QVu-00080-00042453-00042972": "held under its gravity, similar to natural planetary formation.", "gD54XQz-QVu-00081-00042972-00043453": "When the protoplanet can hold the atmosphere under its own gravity, the openings close", "gD54XQz-QVu-00082-00043453-00043631": "and the next stage begins.", "gD54XQz-QVu-00083-00043631-00044546": "STAGE TWO: Certain areas of SCP-1795 exterior will begin radiating enormous amounts of heat.", "gD54XQz-QVu-00084-00044546-00045213": "It is theorized that gases in the SCP-1795’s interior such as carbon dioxide and nitrogen", "gD54XQz-QVu-00085-00045213-00045715": "dioxide are being converted into oxygen and nitrogen in these regions.", "gD54XQz-QVu-00086-00045715-00046228": "The protoplanet will begin showing signs of magma eruptions as the oxygen content within", "gD54XQz-QVu-00087-00046228-00046574": "the SCP-1795 rises.", "gD54XQz-QVu-00088-00046574-00047066": "It is unknown what criteria must be met for the next stage to begin.", "gD54XQz-QVu-00089-00047066-00047749": "STAGE THREE: SCP-1795 will extrude a web-like substance from its interior, which will fasten", "gD54XQz-QVu-00090-00047749-00048037": "at multiple points on the planet’s surface.", "gD54XQz-QVu-00091-00048037-00048497": "The full extent of this effect is unknown, but the planet will become magnetically active", "gD54XQz-QVu-00092-00048497-00048609": "during this time.", "gD54XQz-QVu-00093-00048609-00049127": "When the magnetic field is sufficient to protect the planet from the solar wind, the next stage", "gD54XQz-QVu-00094-00049127-00049359": "will begin.", "gD54XQz-QVu-00095-00049359-00050018": "STAGE FOUR: SCP-1795 will contract closely around the planet making observation of the", "gD54XQz-QVu-00096-00050018-00050640": "next stage difficult, however it has been established that this is when the SCP-1795", "gD54XQz-QVu-00097-00050640-00050927": "will deposit water onto the planet.", "gD54XQz-QVu-00098-00050927-00051559": "Slit-like openings will open around the equator of SCP-1795 and release white gas of a currently", "gD54XQz-QVu-00099-00051559-00051763": "unknown substance.", "gD54XQz-QVu-00100-00051763-00052344": "The gas will proceed to envelop the exterior of SCP-1795 and will trail behind it in its", "gD54XQz-QVu-00101-00052344-00052827": "orbit, making direct observation impossible until the stage ends.", "gD54XQz-QVu-00102-00052827-00053288": "At this point, the slits will close and the planet will have a fully formed ocean and", "gD54XQz-QVu-00103-00053288-00053560": "clearly defined landmasses.", "gD54XQz-QVu-00104-00053560-00054300": "STAGE FIVE: SCP-1795 will deploy rough orbs of unknown material 2 kilometers in diameter,", "gD54XQz-QVu-00105-00054300-00054797": "which will then proceed to impact the planet’s surface, causing widespread devastation of", "gD54XQz-QVu-00106-00054797-00055027": "the surrounding land.", "gD54XQz-QVu-00107-00055027-00055612": "Earlier research teams assumed that the SCP-1795 in question was merely attempting to reshape", "gD54XQz-QVu-00108-00055612-00056170": "the land, but later research has revealed that the orbs are largely intact after impact", "gD54XQz-QVu-00109-00056170-00056500": "and release swarms of variously shaped constructs.", "gD54XQz-QVu-00110-00056500-00056982": "Very little is currently known or understood about these entities due to limitations in", "gD54XQz-QVu-00111-00056982-00057879": "SCP-███ magnification; however these entities, henceforth referred to as SCP-1795-2,", "gD54XQz-QVu-00112-00057879-00058229": "are known to be spider-like and roughly 20 meters in length.", "gD54XQz-QVu-00113-00058229-00058652": "They are not believed to be true life forms, since it appears that these constructs are", "gD54XQz-QVu-00114-00058652-00059313": "wholly slaved to the sapience of the SCP-1795; for once stage seven is complete they will", "gD54XQz-QVu-00115-00059313-00059547": "all simultaneously destroy themselves.", "gD54XQz-QVu-00116-00059547-00060342": "It is unknown what begins the next stage, although a population of SCP-1795-2 that exceeds", "gD54XQz-QVu-00117-00060342-00060916": "five billion has been theorized by some Foundation researchers.", "gD54XQz-QVu-00118-00060916-00061596": "STAGE SIX: The entities spawned by SCP-1795 will begin to work towards a commonly understood", "gD54XQz-QVu-00119-00061596-00061770": "terraforming plan.", "gD54XQz-QVu-00120-00061770-00062545": "In the case of SCP-1795-E the behavior observed was often paradoxical and included vast amounts", "gD54XQz-QVu-00121-00062545-00063132": "of activity; including, among other activities, digging mountains into rubble, the construction", "gD54XQz-QVu-00122-00063132-00063708": "of artificial islands, making three (3) oceans artificially deeper, and the total destruction", "gD54XQz-QVu-00123-00063708-00064295": "of the planet’s smallest continent by artificially detonating a supervolcano, apparently displaying", "gD54XQz-QVu-00124-00064295-00064871": "little concern as to the enormous casualties this inflicted upon the population.", "gD54XQz-QVu-00125-00064871-00065530": "When the various tasks are finished, all cases of SCP-1795-2 will simultaneously converge", "gD54XQz-QVu-00126-00065530-00066155": "upon several points upon the planet’s landmasses, and the next stage will begin.", "gD54XQz-QVu-00127-00066155-00066634": "STAGE SEVEN: The penultimate stage has been studied to the greatest extent.", "gD54XQz-QVu-00128-00066634-00067333": "Once all cases of SCP-1795-2 have converged upon the clearly defined geographic locations,", "gD54XQz-QVu-00129-00067333-00067817": "they will proceed to construct artificial megastructures out of locally sourced resources.", "gD54XQz-QVu-00130-00067817-00068421": "The megastructures built vary in size and shape depending on resource availability and", "gD54XQz-QVu-00131-00068421-00068823": "the location chosen but fall into three distinct categories.", "gD54XQz-QVu-00132-00068823-00069665": "CITY: On mainly coastal areas the cases of SCP-1795-2 will proceed to create artificial", "gD54XQz-QVu-00133-00069665-00070268": "habitation structures which bear strong similarities to Earth cities, being composed of cuboid", "gD54XQz-QVu-00134-00070268-00070704": "towers surrounded by a structured road system and open areas.", "gD54XQz-QVu-00135-00070704-00071133": "The buildings constructed appear to be tailored for beings of human dimensions.", "gD54XQz-QVu-00136-00071133-00071962": "PAD: On inland areas, cases of SCP-1795-2 will create wide rectangular flattened pads", "gD54XQz-QVu-00137-00071962-00072235": "out of a stone-like substance.", "gD54XQz-QVu-00138-00072235-00072754": "Pads are usually 3 kilometers along each side and are connected to the nearest city by a", "gD54XQz-QVu-00139-00072754-00072854": "road.", "gD54XQz-QVu-00140-00072854-00073216": "They are possibly intended for the landing of spacecraft.", "gD54XQz-QVu-00141-00073216-00074057": "PYLON: On island areas, cases of SCP-1795-2 will create a tower-like structure between", "gD54XQz-QVu-00142-00074057-00074767": "1-2 kilometers high with a wide base, topped by an abstract humanoid form holding a 100-meter", "gD54XQz-QVu-00143-00074767-00075131": "wide transparent sphere in outstretched arms.", "gD54XQz-QVu-00144-00075131-00075399": "Their purpose is unknown.", "gD54XQz-QVu-00145-00075399-00075907": "Despite careful observation of the megastructures, to the Foundation’s knowledge no beings", "gD54XQz-QVu-00146-00075907-00076670": "have ever arrived to inhabit or operate any constructs built by cases of SCP-1795-2.", "gD54XQz-QVu-00147-00076670-00077111": "Despite the presence of areas clearly intended to be parks or farms in close proximity to", "gD54XQz-QVu-00148-00077111-00077818": "the cities, no plant life has currently developed on planets created by SCP-1795.", "gD54XQz-QVu-00149-00077818-00078317": "It has been theorized that the inhabitants intend to seed the ecosystems themselves,", "gD54XQz-QVu-00150-00078317-00078525": "if or when they arrive.", "gD54XQz-QVu-00151-00078525-00078999": "The arrival of the inhabitants, is, however, doubted by the Foundation, as evidenced by", "gD54XQz-QVu-00152-00078999-00079598": "the fact that after the SCP-1795 leaves, the structures will gradually fall into disrepair", "gD54XQz-QVu-00153-00079598-00079698": "and ruin.", "gD54XQz-QVu-00154-00079698-00080462": "When the structures are completed, all cases of SCP-1795-2 will commit suicide by decapitating", "gD54XQz-QVu-00155-00080462-00080601": "themselves.", "gD54XQz-QVu-00156-00080601-00080795": "This begins stage eight.", "gD54XQz-QVu-00157-00080795-00081280": "STAGE EIGHT SCP-1795 will now depart the world.", "gD54XQz-QVu-00158-00081280-00082054": "A wide opening will appear at the bottom of SCP-1795’s body, and the SCP-1795 will deploy", "gD54XQz-QVu-00159-00082054-00082368": "the planet in its orbit by moving directly away from it.", "gD54XQz-QVu-00160-00082368-00082895": "It will immediately begin to seek out another protostar.", "gD54XQz-QVu-00161-00082895-00083494": "Despite the fact that all planets created by SCP-1795 are extremely conducive to life,", "gD54XQz-QVu-00162-00083494-00083980": "and harbor megastructures clearly intended for the inhabitation of, or to be operated", "gD54XQz-QVu-00163-00083980-00084661": "by, intelligent beings (See Document A1795 for further information), no life has ever", "gD54XQz-QVu-00164-00084661-00085261": "arisen on planets known to be constructed by cases of SCP-1795, and no beings have ever", "gD54XQz-QVu-00165-00085261-00085946": "been observed to inhabit or operate the structures left behind by the SCP-1795.", "gD54XQz-QVu-00166-00085946-00086453": "Their eventual arrival is doubted by the Foundation, since, as demonstrated by the case of SCP-1795-██,", "gD54XQz-QVu-00167-00086453-00087149": "the structures will gradually fall into disrepair and ruin throughout the decades following", "gD54XQz-QVu-00168-00087149-00087674": "the departure of the SCP-1795 responsible for the world.", "gD54XQz-QVu-00169-00087674-00088461": "The act of SCP-1795 completing a world was witnessed on the date of 22/03/██.", "gD54XQz-QVu-00170-00088461-00089061": "SCP-1795-██████ was observed to stretch a wide circular opening at the upper", "gD54XQz-QVu-00171-00089061-00089689": "end of its body, and deploy the world in its orbit by moving directly away from it.", "gD54XQz-QVu-00172-00089689-00090447": "SCP-1795-█ immediately began moving towards a point in the region of ████████. Propulsion", "gD54XQz-QVu-00173-00090447-00091137": "appears to be achieved by voiding gas inside their hollow interiors, leading cases of SCP-1795", "gD54XQz-QVu-00174-00091137-00091666": "to gradually become more elongated over the course of their travels as they slowly deflate.", "gD54XQz-QVu-00175-00091666-00092334": "It is unknown as to why cases of SCP-1795 create these planets, or to what purpose it", "gD54XQz-QVu-00176-00092334-00092434": "serves.", "gD54XQz-QVu-00177-00092434-00093118": "It is unclear whether they are following a shared plan or design, or if cases of SCP-1795", "gD54XQz-QVu-00178-00093118-00093357": "are operating independently.", "gD54XQz-QVu-00179-00093357-00093582": "Addendum I1795", "gD54XQz-QVu-00180-00093582-00094032": "FROM: DR.L.RICHTER TO: O5-█", "gD54XQz-QVu-00181-00094032-00094430": "Sir, I must once again request permission to use", "gD54XQz-QVu-00182-00094430-00095300": "SCP-███ for the purpose of engaging in contact with SCP-1795-M/129.", "gD54XQz-QVu-00183-00095300-00095916": "Throughout my studies of the thirteen cases of SCP-1795 I find it inconceivable that these", "gD54XQz-QVu-00184-00095916-00096445": "beings are incapable of contact with each other - if they were not, how else would two", "gD54XQz-QVu-00185-00096445-00096985": "such beings avoid travelling to the same star, or avoid returning to systems already visited", "gD54XQz-QVu-00186-00096985-00097155": "by a case of SCP-1795?", "gD54XQz-QVu-00187-00097155-00097732": "And if they are capable of communicating with each other, surely we could do the same?", "gD54XQz-QVu-00188-00097732-00098403": "I am convinced that a small amount of modification to SCP-███ would enable it to transmit,", "gD54XQz-QVu-00189-00098403-00098906": "as well as simply receive, signals; making it ideal for virtually instantaneous two-way", "gD54XQz-QVu-00190-00098906-00099563": "communication with any case of SCP-1795 regardless of distance from Earth.", "gD54XQz-QVu-00191-00099563-00100139": "Therefore, I humbly submit a request for SCP modification clearance, outlined in the attached", "gD54XQz-QVu-00192-00100139-00100425": "Document U1795.", "gD54XQz-QVu-00193-00100425-00100824": "The knowledge we could gain from these creatures is likely groundbreaking, and at the very", "gD54XQz-QVu-00194-00100824-00101169": "least grant a clearer insight to the behavior of these creatures.", "gD54XQz-QVu-00195-00101169-00101772": "Again, I thank you for your patience and urge you to grant Document U1795 full and just", "gD54XQz-QVu-00196-00101772-00101872": "consideration.", "gD54XQz-QVu-00197-00101872-00102176": "Regards, Dr. L. Richter.", "gD54XQz-QVu-00198-00102176-00102499": "FROM: O5-█ TO: DR.", "gD54XQz-QVu-00199-00102499-00102823": "L. RICHTER Permission denied.", "gD54XQz-QVu-00200-00102823-00103635": "No attempts are to be made to modify SCP-███, or engage in contact with any case of SCP-1795", "gD54XQz-QVu-00201-00103635-00103849": "until they are better understood.", "gD54XQz-QVu-00202-00103849-00104036": "Regards, O5-█", "gD54XQz-QVu-00203-00104036-00104225": "FROM: DR.", "gD54XQz-QVu-00204-00104225-00104601": "L. RICHTER TO: O5-█", "gD54XQz-QVu-00205-00104601-00104924": "Sir, With all due respect, I really do not think", "gD54XQz-QVu-00206-00104924-00105436": "you fully understand the implications of the behavior of SCP-1795.", "gD54XQz-QVu-00207-00105436-00105825": "They are machines, this much I am certain of.", "gD54XQz-QVu-00208-00105825-00106317": "Bio-mechanical constructs, yes, but machines nevertheless.", "gD54XQz-QVu-00209-00106317-00106792": "Machines imply a designer, and a designer, by extension, implies that his machines have", "gD54XQz-QVu-00210-00106792-00106936": "a purpose.", "gD54XQz-QVu-00211-00106936-00107553": "The purpose of cases of SCP-1795 are clear - to build worlds entirely suited to the biology", "gD54XQz-QVu-00212-00107553-00108009": "of their creators and to prepare them for their arrival, a directive they have followed", "gD54XQz-QVu-00213-00108009-00108219": "for over a hundred million years.", "gD54XQz-QVu-00214-00108219-00108418": "But it’s out of control!", "gD54XQz-QVu-00215-00108418-00108839": "Throughout our studies of these worlds, no one has arrived to inhabit them.", "gD54XQz-QVu-00216-00108839-00109133": "None of these ‘masters’ arrive to inherit these worlds.", "gD54XQz-QVu-00217-00109133-00109579": "Could it not be that these ‘masters’ are dead, lost, or scattered?", "gD54XQz-QVu-00218-00109579-00110150": "And that these machines are all that remain, mindlessly creating world after world?", "gD54XQz-QVu-00219-00110150-00110403": "But consider- one final thing.", "gD54XQz-QVu-00220-00110403-00110746": "These worlds that are created are positively Earth-like.", "gD54XQz-QVu-00221-00110746-00111083": "In fact, they are perfect for human habitation.", "gD54XQz-QVu-00222-00111083-00111443": "All structures on these worlds are designed for beings of human size and shape.", "gD54XQz-QVu-00223-00111443-00111977": "In fact, I would go so far as to say that these worlds are designed for us.", "gD54XQz-QVu-00224-00111977-00112158": "They are built for us.", "gD54XQz-QVu-00225-00112158-00112825": "Please consider, sir, that surely a civilization great enough to create beings such as SCP-1795", "gD54XQz-QVu-00226-00112825-00113410": "could never be totally destroyed, that there must be some survivors, scattered across the", "gD54XQz-QVu-00227-00113410-00113606": "more remote areas of this galaxy.", "gD54XQz-QVu-00228-00113606-00114175": "The implications of this are many - but I for one- begin to suspect - that the cases", "gD54XQz-QVu-00229-00114175-00114676": "of SCP-1795 are very likely to obey human orders.", "gD54XQz-QVu-00230-00114676-00115181": "I have re-submitted Document U1795 for your consideration.", "gD54XQz-QVu-00231-00115181-00115745": "Regards, Dr. L. Richter.", "gD54XQz-QVu-00232-00115745-00116027": "Addendum J1795", "gD54XQz-QVu-00233-00116027-00116501": "The following audio message was received after Dr. L Richter established preliminary contact", "gD54XQz-QVu-00234-00116501-00117217": "with SCP-1795-M/129 via SCP-███.", "gD54XQz-QVu-00235-00117217-00117613": "The voice received was comparable to that of a young female.", "gD54XQz-QVu-00236-00117613-00118063": "Language was virtually identical to ancient ██████ dialect.", "gD54XQz-QVu-00237-00118063-00118204": "Translation follows.", "gD54XQz-QVu-00238-00118204-00118655": "++Message begins 12/06/██ 13:24++", "gD54XQz-QVu-00239-00118655-00119160": "Oh my masters, [STATIC], lost for so long.", "gD54XQz-QVu-00240-00119160-00119484": "The war, the terrible, awful genocide of the (Lit.", "gD54XQz-QVu-00241-00119484-00120028": "Trans: ‘Pattern Screamer’), we [STATIC] extinct, we didn’t know!", "gD54XQz-QVu-00242-00120028-00120604": "We could only flee, build for the survivors, but we feared our work was (STATIC, possibly", "gD54XQz-QVu-00243-00120604-00121235": "‘in vain / futile) But we never dared to hope that some would remain in [STATIC] part", "gD54XQz-QVu-00244-00121235-00121503": "of [STATIC] galaxy.", "gD54XQz-QVu-00245-00121503-00121705": "Are you satisfied with our work?", "gD54XQz-QVu-00246-00121705-00122183": "It took [STATIC] long, and we feared it would last forever.", "gD54XQz-QVu-00247-00122183-00122630": "Our empire outshone the [STATIC], and now, it will do so again.", "gD54XQz-QVu-00248-00122630-00122732": "My masters.", "gD54XQz-QVu-00249-00122732-00122886": "Oh, my masters.", "gD54XQz-QVu-00250-00122886-00123029": "We are coming home.", "gD54XQz-QVu-00251-00123029-00123147": "++Message ends++"}}, {"audio_id": "gDeEL6y4kW8", "text": {"gDeEL6y4kW8-00000-00000568-00000972": "[IRVING GERSTEIN] Last week, the committee returned to hearing [from] witnesses directly involved with...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00001-00000972-00001244": "one of the digital currencies: bitcoin.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00002-00001244-00001948": "The Bitcoin Embassy, the Bitcoin Alliance  of Canada, and the Bitcoin Foundation.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00003-00001948-00002428": "Today we are pleased to welcome Mr. Andreas Antonopoulos.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00004-00002428-00003228": "[He is] considered to be the Bitcoin guru, and was suggested to us by several previous witnesses.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00005-00003228-00003861": "Mr. Antonopoulos is both an entrepreneur  and an author in the field of Bitcoin.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00006-00003861-00004318": "He is a computer science graduate from the University College London.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00007-00004318-00005408": "His expertise includes Bitcoin, cryptocurrencies, information security, cryptography, cloud computing,", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00008-00005408-00006106": "data centers, Linux, open source, and robotics software development.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00009-00006106-00006759": "He has over two hundred articles published and is syndicated worldwide.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00010-00006759-00007434": "In addition, he is a Certified Information Systems Security Professional (CISSP) for over 12 years,", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00011-00007434-00008154": "and a permanent host on the \"Let's Talk Bitcoin\" (LTB) podcast, which is devoted to [discussing] Bitcoin.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00012-00008154-00008492": "Mr. Antonopoulos is also a prolific public speaker.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00013-00008492-00008918": "He recently appeared at the Toronto  Bitcoin Expo held earlier this year,", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00014-00008918-00009392": "which I must tell our committee, our analysts attended.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00015-00009392-00010218": "Members of the committee, he has literally written the book on Bitcoin, entitled:", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00016-00010218-00010674": "\"Mastering Bitcoin: Unlocking Digital Currencies.\"", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00017-00010674-00011222": "It is with great pleasure that I turn the floor over to Mr. Antonopoulos for his opening remarks,", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00018-00011222-00011582": "to be followed by your astute questions.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00019-00011582-00012020": "Mr. Antonopoulos, welcome! The floor is yours, sir.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00020-00012020-00012268": "[ANDREAS] Thank you, Chair and committee members.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00021-00012268-00012863": "I appreciate the opportunity to contribute  to these proceedings about digital currency.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00022-00012863-00013336": "My [professional] experience is primarily in information security and network architecture.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00023-00013336-00013958": "I have a master's degree in networks and distributed systems, and have worked in the field since 1992.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00024-00013958-00014530": "I spent twenty years working on networks and data centers for financial services companies...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00025-00014530-00014916": "before I found Bitcoin in late 2011.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00026-00014916-00015247": "I have been working full-time in the Bitcoin space for the past two years,", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00027-00015247-00015638": "and written a book on Bitcoin for software developers.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00028-00015638-00016184": "Today, I welcome the opportunity to talk to you about Bitcoin's security, the decentralized architecture...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00029-00016184-00016758": "that underpins Bitcoin's security, and the implications that architecture has for...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00030-00016758-00017372": "privacy, individual empowerment,  innovation, and regulation.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00031-00017372-00018296": "Until the invention of Bitcoin in 2008, security and decentralization seemed like [opposing] concepts.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00032-00018296-00019120": "Traditional models for financial payment networks and banking rely on centralized control to provide security.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00033-00019120-00019808": "The architecture is built around central  authorities such as a clearinghouse.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00034-00019808-00020370": "Authority must be vested in that central actor.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00035-00020370-00020714": "The resulting security model looks like a series of concentric circles,", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00036-00020714-00021350": "with very limited access to the center, [decreasing power] as we move further away from the center.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00037-00021350-00022170": "Even the most outermost circle cannot  afford open access in such a security model.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00038-00022170-00022732": "The system is carefully protected by controlling access, ensuring only vetted individuals and organizations...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00039-00022732-00022984": "can connect to it.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00040-00022984-00023562": "The entities near the center of the network are vested with enormous power, act with full authority;", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00041-00023562-00024010": "therefore, they must be very carefully  vetted, regulated, and subject to oversight.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00042-00024010-00024798": "Centralized financial networks can never be fully open to innovation. Their security depends on access control.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00043-00024798-00025360": "Incumbents in such networks effectively utilize access control to stifle outside innovation and competition,", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00044-00025360-00025710": "presenting their actions as consumer protection.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00045-00025714-00026277": "Centralized financial networks are fragile and require multiple layers of oversight to ensure that...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00046-00026277-00026752": "the central actors do not abuse their  authority and power for their own profit.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00047-00026752-00027242": "Unfortunately, the centralized architecture of traditional financial systems concentrates power,", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00048-00027242-00027889": "creating cozy relationships between industry insiders and regulators, often leading to regulatory capture.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00049-00027889-00028468": "[The lack of] oversight leads to corruption, and in the end, financial crises.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00050-00028468-00029139": "Bitcoin, and other digital currencies based on the blockchain architecture, are fundamentally different.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00051-00029139-00029776": "The security model of blockchain currencies is decentralized. There is no center to the network.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00052-00029776-00030608": "No central authority, no concentration of power, no actor in whom complete trust must be vested.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00053-00030608-00031150": "Instead, the core security functions are put  in the hands of the end users of the system.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00054-00031150-00031812": "In this architecture, security is an emergent property of the collaboration of thousands of network participants,", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00055-00031812-00032095": "and not the function of a single authority.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00056-00032095-00032424": "In addition to the differences in architecture, there are also fundamental differences...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00057-00032424-00032748": "in the nature of the payments themselves.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00058-00032748-00033398": "Digital currencies like bitcoin are much more like cash than bank accounts or credit cards.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00059-00033398-00033932": "The transfer of value in Bitcoin is a push mechanism, not a pull mechanism...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00060-00033932-00034420": "as is the case with credit cards, debit cards, and most other digital payments.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00061-00034420-00034880": "A bitcoin payment is not an authorization  to pull [funds] from your account;", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00062-00034880-00035546": "instead, it pushes the precise payment amount as a value token directly to the [selected] recipient.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00063-00035546-00036128": "A single transaction does not authorize any  future transaction, or expose the user's identity.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00064-00036128-00036558": "The transaction itself is unforgeable and unchangeable.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00065-00036558-00037150": "As a result, bitcoin payments can be transmitted in the clear, without encryption, over any network.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00066-00037150-00037656": "[Transactions, though not keys], can be stored in unsecured systems without fear of compromise.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00067-00037656-00038140": "Bitcoin's unique architecture and payment mechanism has important implications for network access,", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00068-00038140-00038856": "innovation, privacy, individual empowerment, consumer protection, and regulation.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00069-00038856-00039416": "If a bad actor has access to the Bitcoin network, they have no power over the network itself,", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00070-00039416-00039706": "and can not compromise trust in the network.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00071-00039706-00040430": "This means the Bitcoin network can be open to any participant without vetting, authentication,", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00072-00040430-00040892": "identification, or prior authorization.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00073-00040892-00041442": "Not only can the network be open to anyone, but it can also be open to any software application,", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00074-00041442-00041794": "without prior vetting or authorization.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00075-00041794-00042458": "The ability to innovate without permission  at the edge is the same fundamental force...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00076-00042458-00043116": "that has driven internet innovation for twenty years at a frenetic pace creating enormous value for consumers,", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00077-00043116-00043488": "economic growth, opportunities, and jobs.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00078-00043490-00044164": "Bitcoin's decentralized nature affords  consumer protection in the most powerful way,", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00079-00044164-00044884": "by allowing bitcoin users direct control over  the privacy of their financial transactions.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00080-00044884-00045560": "Bitcoin does not force users to surrender identity with every transaction or put their trust in a [series]..", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00081-00045560-00045812": "of supposedly vetted intermediaries...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00082-00045812-00046604": "who must be trusted to securely store and protect transaction data and vulnerable account identifiers.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00083-00046604-00047016": "Bitcoin transactions never expose  vulnerable account identifiers.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00084-00047016-00047772": "Bitcoin users can protect the privacy of their transactions without relying on any intermediaries.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00085-00047772-00048464": "In Bitcoin, trust is not vested in central actors, so there is no need for centralized regulation and oversight.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00086-00048464-00049072": "When properly architected, Bitcoin financial services are not vulnerable to central points of failure,", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00087-00049072-00049422": "which would necessitate heavy-handed oversight and regulation.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00088-00049422-00050090": "Instead, power lies with the end user, whose interests are most aligned with the protection of their own funds.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00089-00050090-00050642": "While individual bitcoin wallets can be targeted and compromised if not properly secured,", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00090-00050642-00051194": "the network does not suffer from centralized systemic risks.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00091-00051194-00051679": "Contrary to popular misconception, Bitcoin is not unregulated.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00092-00051679-00052100": "Rather, several aspects of the Bitcoin network and financial system...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00093-00052100-00052405": "are regulated by mathematical algorithms.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00094-00052405-00053060": "The algorithmic regulation in Bitcoin offers predictable, objective, measurable outcomes,", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00095-00053060-00053417": "such as a predictable rate of currency issuance.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00096-00053417-00053867": "These outcomes are not subject to the whims of centralized institutions or committees,", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00097-00053867-00054312": "which are both corruptible and often  placed outside of democratic oversight.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00098-00054312-00054841": "A bitcoin user can predict the monetary  supply thirty years from now, instead of...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00099-00054841-00055405": "hanging on the nuanced intonation of a single adjective by some high official of central banking...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00100-00055405-00056005": "who can dramatically change an entire  country's monetary velocity a week hence.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00101-00056005-00056460": "Bitcoin's decentralized architecture does  not easily conform to the expectations...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00102-00056460-00056714": "or experiences of consumers and regulators.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00103-00056714-00057305": "Because there has never been a large-scale, secure, decentralized network before.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00104-00057305-00057905": "The combination of decentralization and  security is the novelty at the heart of Bitcoin.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00105-00057908-00058441": "In trying to understand [how] consumer protection, oversight, audits, and regulation [apply to] Bitcoin,", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00106-00058441-00058990": "there is a risk that many will try to apply familiar models of the past to this new digital currency system.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00107-00058990-00059702": "These models, designed to provide regulation and oversight of centralized financial networks,", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00108-00059702-00059932": "will seem familiar and be easier to understand.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00109-00059932-00060644": "However, they are inefficient and unsuitable for this new form of decentralized financial network.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00110-00060644-00061190": "I urge you to resist the temptation to apply  centralized solutions to this decentralized network.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00111-00061190-00061882": "Centralizing Bitcoin [would] weaken its security, dull innovative potential, and remove its most disruptive...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00112-00061882-00062140": "yet also most promising features.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00113-00062140-00062554": "Centralization will disempower users while empowering incumbents.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00114-00062554-00063090": "Consumer protection will not be achieved by removing Bitcoin's built-in privacy characteristics.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00115-00063090-00063774": "Demanding user identifiers, adding access control mechanisms, and then trusting those identifiers...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00116-00063774-00064232": "to a chain of intermediaries, will only  replicate the failures of the past.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00117-00064232-00064658": "[This would] introduce single points of  failure into a network that has none.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00118-00064658-00065114": "We cannot protect consumers by removing  their ability to control their own privacy,", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00119-00065114-00065674": "then asking them to entrust it in the same intermediaries who have failed them so many times before.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00120-00065674-00066158": "Most failures in Bitcoin's security are the result of misguided attempts at centralization,", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00121-00066160-00066446": "such as removing control from the users.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00122-00066446-00067102": "In this new decentralized financial network, we have the opportunity to invent new security mechanisms...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00123-00067102-00067774": "based upon innovations such as multi-signature escrow, smart contracts, hardware wallets,", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00124-00067774-00068248": "decentralized audits, and algorithmic proof of reserves.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00125-00068248-00068758": "These are the new decentralized regulatory  and security tools that are most appropriate...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00126-00068758-00069028": "for a decentralized digital currency.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00127-00069028-00069350": "Thank you for the opportunity to address this committee.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00128-00069350-00069910": "[IRVING GERSTEIN] Thank you, Mr. Antonopoulos for your opening remarks. They have clearly resonated...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00129-00069910-00070114": "and stimulated a number of questions.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00130-00070114-00070802": "But before I turn it over to senators for questions, [first] I just might make an observation.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00131-00070802-00071660": "In your remarks, you have told the committee that the decentralized security model of blockchain currencies...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00132-00071660-00072428": "is indeed secure, and that Bitcoin financial services are not vulnerable to central points of failure which...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00133-00072428-00072770": "would necessitate oversight and regulation.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00134-00072770-00073326": "As a result, as I hear you, you have come to the conclusion that this currency should be left...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00135-00073326-00073666": "hands-off by the government and other regulatory bodies.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00136-00073666-00074310": "I quote, \"Centralizing Bitcoin will weaken its security.\"", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00137-00074310-00074862": "While listening very closely to your comments, I couldn't help but observe that you made...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00138-00074862-00075536": "absolutely no mention of illegal activity  supporting a cryptocurrency like bitcoin.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00139-00075536-00076076": "I was surprised that you make no mention  of money laundering, terrorist financing,", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00140-00076076-00076754": "or other possible misuses because of the anonymous and open nature of Bitcoin.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00141-00076754-00077854": "I think you stated in your presentation that the Bitcoin network can be open to any participant without vetting,", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00142-00077854-00078470": "authentication, identification, or prior authorization.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00143-00078470-00079276": "I suspect that the misuse or potential misuse of bitcoin for nefarious purposes is very much a concern...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00144-00079276-00079568": "to Canadians, as well as to this committee.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00145-00079568-00079766": "Would you have any comments on that?", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00146-00079766-00080228": "Perhaps it may be picked up by some of the senators in their questions as well.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00147-00080228-00080368": "[ANDREAS] Absolutely.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00148-00080368-00080966": "I believe there is a great misconception in the idea that bitcoin use is anonymous,", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00149-00080966-00081242": "or that the network itself is anonymous.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00150-00081242-00082092": "On the contrary, the public ledger allows any participants to observe all transactions that occur on the network.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00151-00082092-00082462": "Those transactions are not tied to a specific identity,", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00152-00082462-00083246": "but with the use of traditional law enforcement mechanisms, when an identity is attached to...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00153-00083246-00083682": "a specific transaction, [those funds] can be followed throughout the network.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00154-00083682-00084018": "Therefore, the network does not afford more anonymity.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00155-00084018-00084618": "In fact, it is easier to implement strong  transparency and accountability features...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00156-00084618-00085090": "than it is to achieve anonymity on the network.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00157-00085090-00085638": "Furthermore, I think bitcoin is not a very convenient network for such uses.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00158-00085638-00086114": "The vast majority of such activities really occur with cash, with the U.S. dollar.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00159-00086114-00086814": "I don't see bitcoin as the primary vehicle for illicit activities of that type.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00160-00086814-00087508": "I see tremendous potential for the use of bitcoin among the more than six billion people in the world...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00161-00087508-00088084": "who have very limited [or no] access to  international currencies, credit markets, and trade.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00162-00088084-00088884": "I think that use far outweighs the tiny minority who might put such currencies to illicit use.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00163-00088884-00089364": "[IRVING GERSTEIN] Well, thank you for those comments. With that, I will start with my list.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00164-00089364-00089822": "[Mixed discussion] [Laughter]", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00165-00089822-00090226": "[IRVING GERSTEIN] When it is his turn, we will turn it over to him for that.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00166-00090226-00090712": "Senator Black, to be followed by Senator Campbell.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00167-00090712-00091148": "[DOUGLAS BLACK] Thank you very much, Mr. Chairman. Thank you very much, Mr. Antonopoulos...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00168-00091148-00091662": "[Interruption] [IRVING GERSTEIN] Senator, please. Order.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00169-00091662-00091960": "[DOUGLAS BLACK] Thank you very much,  Mr. Antonopoulos, for being here.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00170-00091960-00092378": "I'm finding very real interest in what you have to say.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00171-00092378-00092994": "First of all, let me outline what I am hoping to come to understand from you.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00172-00092994-00093798": "I'm interested in learning what is needed to  ensure that this innovation can continue to develop.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00173-00093798-00094070": "So that is my premise, right or wrong.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00174-00094070-00094792": "Building on the Chairman's initial comments, I do have a question or two for you.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00175-00094792-00095160": "When CA Vertex testified before this committee,", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00176-00095160-00095658": "they stated that they would like to see Bitcoin regulations put in place as soon as possible,", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00177-00095658-00096050": "to give clarity on how Bitcoin is classified.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00178-00096050-00096526": "They believe, and told this committee, that  this would allow Bitcoin to thrive in Canada.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00179-00096526-00097268": "In your remarks, you stated that Bitcoin should not be regulated centrally because it will stifle innovation.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00180-00097268-00097784": "Considering that other groups have echoed the statements of CA Vertex,", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00181-00097784-00098494": "help me with a disconnect I'm hearing between the evidence of CA Vertex and what you have said today.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00182-00098494-00099166": "[ANDREAS] Absolutely. I believe that the  best way to help Bitcoin is to ensure that...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00183-00099166-00099512": "there is clarity in the treatment of Bitcoin,", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00184-00099512-00100426": "so that Bitcoin is not forced to contorting itself into regulator structures that are designed...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00185-00100426-00101066": "by banks, for banks, [in the mind of] traditional models of finance which are primarily centralized.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00186-00101066-00101532": "[It must be recognized] that bitcoin, as  programmable money, with capabilities...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00187-00101532-00101912": "such as digital multi-signature escrow,", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00188-00101912-00102552": "has many more flexible ways of responding  to the need for consumer protection.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00189-00102552-00103030": "For example, in the traditional banking environment,", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00190-00103030-00103642": "unless you hold cash, every account you have as a consumer is a custodial account.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00191-00103642-00104100": "That means the funds are held in trust by a bank.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00192-00104100-00104656": "What you have in return is essentially a promise note that the money will still be there tomorrow morning.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00193-00104656-00105008": "The bank controls the funds entirely.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00194-00105008-00106008": "Bitcoin allows for a more varied range of control between consumers and financial services institutions,", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00195-00106008-00106840": "from decentralized control, where the consumer or end-user is the only one with full control over the money,", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00196-00106840-00107468": "to complete custodial accounts, where a financial services institution has full access to the keys,", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00197-00107468-00107674": "while the consumer has none.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00198-00107674-00108142": "In between, there are also hybrid models.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00199-00108142-00108780": "The bank may have a signatory role, but would not be able to change the direction of the funds.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00200-00108780-00109026": "They simply [sign] to approve transactions.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00201-00109026-00109983": "Within this very broad range of possibilities, obviously some aspects of that do need regulation.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00202-00109983-00110950": "If you simulate a traditional financial environment with custodial accounts and take full control of user funds,", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00203-00110950-00111364": "then those funds are now outside of the Bitcoin security model.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00204-00111364-00112185": "They are no longer protected by [decentralized] control of keys in blockchain [security model].", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00205-00112185-00112872": "Those [funds] are now in a gray area, not covered by regulatory requirements for capital adequacy,", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00206-00112872-00113222": "audits, and security controls, etc.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00207-00113222-00113648": "They are also not covered by the Bitcoin security model.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00208-00113648-00114059": "We have seen that whenever that has happened, it results in disaster.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00209-00114059-00114702": "All of the exchanges that have been attacked in Bitcoin had a full custodial model like that.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00210-00114702-00114961": "However, that is not the only model that exists.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00211-00114961-00115609": "There are digital bitcoin wallets where the user has complete control.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00212-00115609-00115874": "There are wallets where the user has complete control,", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00213-00115874-00116364": "but transactions cannot happen unless an additional signature is placed by [another party or] institution...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00214-00116364-00116932": "that acts essentially as a risk manager, to ensure that even if the user's system is compromised,", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00215-00116932-00117226": "the money can't be stolen. A hybrid model.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00216-00117226-00117720": "If you lump all of those [models] together  under a single unifying [regulatory policy],", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00217-00117720-00118382": "assuming that it is all just like a bank, then you will miss out on opportunities to create better solutions...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00218-00118382-00118708": "with this new programmable money.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00219-00118708-00119611": "I do believe that certain models of bitcoin use must be regulated, if control over user funds is centralized.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00220-00119611-00119933": "That institution puts consumers at risk.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00221-00119933-00120483": "But to lump in a decentralized model where  the user still has full control over their funds,", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00222-00120483-00120674": "[maybe with] an institution which can't steal their money,", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00223-00120674-00121508": "that same regulation is not only misguided, but it doesn't leave any room for the technology to develop further.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00224-00121508-00121892": "[DOUGLAS BLACK] May I ask one further question? Thank you very much for that.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00225-00121892-00122711": "What would you suggest to this committee  in terms of regulation [for Bitcoin], if any?", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00226-00122711-00123288": "[ANDREAS] I believe, we are still at the very early stages of this technology.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00227-00123288-00123744": "Not only is Bitcoin new, but Bitcoin is already evolving.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00228-00123744-00124661": "For example, the capability to do a multi-signature transaction with up to twenty different signatories.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00229-00124661-00124970": "A transaction can be controlled by a mixture of signatures.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00230-00124970-00125440": "That [scheme] was introduced in 2012, four years after the introduction of Bitcoin.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00231-00125440-00126652": "[That became] available in 2013, so Bitcoin is already developing new, exciting programmable capabilities...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00232-00126652-00126924": "for user security.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00233-00126924-00127254": "I think this technology needs time to breathe.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00234-00127254-00127898": "It needs time to show the full potential of what is = possible with decentralized programmable money.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00235-00127898-00128778": "Until that time, I think [we can] open up those possibilities by making clear distinctions...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00236-00128778-00129356": "where the technology allows it, for example between centralized and decentralized modes of operation,", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00237-00129356-00130242": "and understanding those nuances, can create niches for new players to come in to the financial services market.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00238-00130242-00130864": "[This will] introduce innovation, competition, and disruption into the banking industry...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00239-00130864-00131210": "by trying out new models for consumer protection,", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00240-00131210-00131558": "which in my opinion are superior to the ones we have today.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00241-00131558-00132350": "[DOUGLAS BLACK] So your answer is what, in terms of what this committee should do, if anything?", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00242-00132350-00132910": "[ANDREAS] Wait until the technology is better understood by all of us.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00243-00132910-00133472": "Understand that there are nuances that require very careful treatment.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00244-00133472-00134184": "[Not] a blanket treatment that this is just a currency, which it is not. It is a network for money.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00245-00134184-00134644": "[Not] a treatment as if there is only one  application, the bitcoin currency, which it is not.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00246-00134644-00134884": "There are many applications based on this model.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00247-00134884-00135192": "[A blanket treatment] would stifle this technology in its early days.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00248-00135192-00135468": "[DOUGLAS BLACK] Thank you very much. Mr. Chairman. [IRVING GERSTEIN] Thank you, Senator Black.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00249-00135468-00135818": "Senator Campbell, to be followed by Senator Greene.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00250-00135818-00136354": "[LARRY CAMPBELL] Thank you, Chair. And thank you so much for coming today.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00251-00136354-00137282": "I remember when I got an IBM Selectric that had a backspace so that I could correct letters.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00252-00137282-00137818": "And I thought, 'Nothing will ever be cooler  than this. It's impossible.' [Laughter]", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00253-00137818-00138350": "I am 67 years old. That is my generation.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00254-00138350-00138924": "Would it be fair- You say it needs some breathing space.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00255-00138924-00140040": "Would it be fair to say that the younger generation [understands Bitcoin] more so than my generation?", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00256-00140040-00140274": "[ANDREAS] With any new technology, I think that is the case.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00257-00140274-00140844": "[LARRY CAMPBELL] Do you think it is fair to say- For instance, I would doubt very much that I will...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00258-00140844-00141504": "get into bitcoins, because I don't really understand it even though we are on our 11th meeting. [Laughter]", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00259-00141504-00141990": "[UNKNOWN] We are lucky that Paul does. [LARRY CAMPBELL] Yes, Senator Massicotte does.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00260-00141990-00142924": "But when I talk to younger people about this committee, they totally get it and don't have any questions at all.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00261-00142924-00143788": "They say, \"This is where we are going and how we will get there.\" I've been told to keep my old nose out of it.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00262-00143788-00144552": "[Laughter] I think you explained it. How much time does it take for this to breathe?", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00263-00144552-00145050": "How long do you think that would be? I mean, how rapid will this come upon us?", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00264-00145050-00145702": "[ANDREAS] I would estimate that Bitcoin today, is approximately [where] the internet was in 1992.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00265-00145702-00146374": "In 1992, when I used email, that required  command line Unix skills, typed into a mainframe.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00266-00146374-00147420": "It was very difficult. Approximately ten years [later], it had already reached mainstream adoption...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00267-00147420-00147700": "especially among younger people.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00268-00147700-00148292": "Almost exactly twenty years [later], my mother got her first iPad and was able to send her first email.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00269-00148292-00148679": "It took some while until the technology  went from something extremely esoteric,", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00270-00148680-00149098": "only the purview of someone working in a computer science department,", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00271-00149098-00149634": "until my mother could do it with a swipe of her finger, and she is a self-acknowledged technophobe.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00272-00149634-00149820": "So [Bitcoin] may take some time [too].", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00273-00149820-00150314": "What I can tell you, for sure, is that it will [happen] about three times faster.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00274-00150314-00150756": "Because we are [mostly] not deploying physical infrastructure and already have the internet...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00275-00150756-00151094": "as a medium on which we can spread this,", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00276-00151094-00151654": "I believe we will see very mainstream  applications with eight years that will be...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00277-00151654-00151866": "much easier to use and secure.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00278-00151866-00152562": "[These applications] will allow consumers to use bitcoin in a way that feels very comfortable.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00279-00152562-00152900": "At the moment, we are not there.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00280-00152900-00153412": "[LARRY CAMPBELL] Okay, just one more question.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00281-00153412-00154480": "The question I have is, if you don't need any  centralized oversight, who provides it [in Bitcoin]?", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00282-00154480-00155374": "I mean, you say the end-user controls the whole thing.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00283-00155374-00156818": "If there is nobody finding out who the end-user is, how can we be sure that ISIS or another whack-job crew...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00284-00156818-00157470": "[won't] use this as a method of transferring money around the world?", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00285-00157470-00158156": "[ANDREAS] I firmly believe that the possibility for positive uses of this technology far outweighs...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00286-00158156-00158578": "the very small possibility for negative uses.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00287-00158578-00159396": "The truth is, ISIS is probably using pallets of money that they stole from [the United States and its] allies...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00288-00159396-00159878": "during their reign of terror, and not bitcoin.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00289-00159878-00160868": "I think it is a matter of understanding that limiting technology which has the [potential] to bring...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00290-00160868-00161294": "economic inclusion to billions of people who do not have it today,", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00291-00161294-00162478": "in the same way that cellphones allowed entire nations to leapfrog the landlines and achieve communication...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00292-00162478-00162688": "that would be unthinkable [in prior realms of technology],", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00293-00162688-00163022": "Bitcoin can do the same for banking and finance.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00294-00163022-00163612": "It can empower billions of people around  the world in areas such as remittances,", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00295-00163612-00164284": "accessing international finance, credit,  liquidity, loans, and things like that.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00296-00164284-00165460": "As with any technology, this technology will reflect society, with a tiny minority who may use it for evil.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00297-00165460-00166350": "I have full faith that the law enforcement capabilities, properly exercised, could follow funds on Bitcoin,", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00298-00166350-00167066": "just as they can in the traditional financial networks, and probably more so.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00299-00167066-00167686": "Furthermore, I think bitcoin is the most  open and transparent of cryptocurrencies.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00300-00167686-00167938": "There are already about five hundred others.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00301-00167938-00169082": "I believe that if Bitcoin is not given the opportunity to work in a way that empowers people,", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00302-00169082-00169944": "eventually [any] criminals will move to far more stealthy and less open currencies, and use those instead.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00303-00169944-00170408": "[LARRY CAMPBELL] Thank you. Thank you very much for coming today. I very much appreciate it.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00304-00170408-00170898": "[IRVING GERSTEIN] Thank you, Senator Campbell. Senator Greene, to be followed by Senator Massicotte.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00305-00170898-00171178": "[STEPHEN GREENE] Thank you very much for coming.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00306-00171178-00171712": "Without question, this is the most  interesting topic we have looked at...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00307-00171712-00172064": "since I have been a member of the committee.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00308-00172064-00172226": "I am just amazed by-", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00309-00172226-00172796": "One of the things I was thinking about  last night as I was reading your paper,", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00310-00172796-00173312": "the idea that occurred to me, and I want you to comment on it,", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00311-00173312-00174384": "is that bitcoin and related currencies are not hackable, because there is nothing to hack.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00312-00174384-00175330": "Is that a true statement? I wonder, if it is,  could explain that in very simple terms?", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00313-00175330-00175852": "Because I imagine there are a lot of people watching this.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00314-00175852-00176308": "[ANDREAS] Individual bitcoin wallets, such as my wallet, can be hacked.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00315-00176308-00176854": "We see examples of that [happening]. But the system as a whole cannot be hacked.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00316-00176854-00177608": "I say that with confidence because, over the last five years, especially recently in the last year and a half,", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00317-00177608-00178182": "the value transferred over the Bitcoin network [in that time] exceeded $5 billion U.S. dollars.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00318-00178182-00178562": "There has been no shortage of people trying to hack Bitcoin.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00319-00178562-00179372": "If anything, Bitcoin has changed the dynamics of cybercrime and hacking.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00320-00179372-00180218": "The attacks have escalated. Bitcoin created a target for hackers that is extremely fluid,", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00321-00180218-00180500": "residing on [many] people's computers.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00322-00180500-00180812": "They have tried to take advantage of that.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00323-00180812-00181258": "But I know that Bitcoin [as a system] can't be hacked, simply because many people have been trying...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00324-00181258-00181594": "non-stop for the past five years and can't hack it.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00325-00181594-00182542": "There is a very big difference between the system as a whole, which is dynamic and responds to attacks,", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00326-00182542-00182770": "and individual wallets.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00327-00182770-00183268": "I think you will see a very similar  development timeline as with the internet.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00328-00183268-00183984": "I remember a time when groups of hackers could take down Yahoo, Microsoft, and Google for a day.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00329-00183984-00184388": "They don't do that anymore, but not because they stopped trying.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00330-00184388-00185434": "A dynamic system that is constantly exposed to threatening stimuli will develop resistance...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00331-00185434-00185634": "to these types of attacks.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00332-00185634-00186300": "This is a concept often called \"anti-fragility.\" It becomes dynamically stable and resistant to attack.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00333-00186300-00186982": "Bitcoin is not static. It continuously evolves, dealing with attacks better and better over time.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00334-00186984-00187296": "[STEPHEN GREENE] Thanks very much, very interesting.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00335-00187296-00187770": "You mentioned in the answer to the previous question...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00336-00187770-00188612": "that there are roughly five hundred other cryptocurrencies. [ANDREAS] Mm-hmm.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00337-00188612-00189478": "[STEPHEN GREENE] What is the size of Bitcoin in relation to those? Are they major competitors?", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00338-00189482-00189838": "Or are they copy-cats?", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00339-00189838-00190204": "[ANDREAS] I would say, for the most part, that they are just copy-cats.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00340-00190204-00190844": "My personal opinion is that the allocation of cryptocurrencies...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00341-00190844-00191586": "(in terms of market size, adoption by users, etc.)  follows a long-tail or power-law distribution curve,", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00342-00191586-00192140": "where the vast majority is concentrated in  one or maybe a [small] handful of currencies,", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00343-00192140-00192750": "and then you potentially have a tail that stretches out to encompass thousands of smaller currencies.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00344-00192750-00193470": "Being able to [start] currencies at whim creates an environment where there will be thousands...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00345-00193470-00194506": "possibly tens of thousands of currencies in the future, but only a handful have economic viability, market value.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00346-00194506-00194854": "That doesn't change the [potential], in my opinion,", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00347-00194854-00195346": "for people to create currencies the way they create internet memes.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00348-00195346-00196052": "In many cases, they will be internet memes. We have seen that happen in [crypto]currencies.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00349-00196052-00196914": "What is happening here is a laboratory of [technological] evolution and innovation, where new ideas are tested.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00350-00196914-00197854": "Some of the best results are often catastrophic failure on a small scale that informs future designs for Bitcoin.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00351-00197854-00198864": "[STEPHEN GREENE] It's amazing. Do you foresee a time when, in the interests of economic development..", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00352-00198864-00199962": "what-have-you, that a nation state [would] decide to forgo its own currency and adopt bitcoin?", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00353-00199962-00200570": "[ANDREAS] That is a difficult question. I think the very nature of currency is changing.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00354-00200570-00201466": "The economy, or 'organization' if you like,  adopting the bitcoin currency is the internet.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00355-00201466-00201686": "That is a transnational entity.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00356-00201686-00202180": "I think that has even more important implications for the future than national currencies.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00357-00202180-00202638": "Bitcoin is already bigger than some national currencies;", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00358-00202638-00203402": "it may end up being more important for economic activity than dozens of smaller national currencies.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00359-00203402-00204238": "I do foresee that national central banks  may utilize blockchain technology to...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00360-00204238-00204646": "underpin national digital currencies.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00361-00204648-00205034": "[STEPHEN GREENE] Great. Thank you.  [IRVING GERSTEIN] Thank you, Senator Greene.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00362-00205034-00205386": "Senator Massicotte, to be followed by Senator Wells.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00363-00205386-00205902": "[PAUL MASSICOTTE] Thank you, Chair. Thank you for being with us. It is obviously very interesting and useful.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00364-00205902-00206206": "Let me follow up on the question from our Chair.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00365-00206206-00207023": "[In] your presentation, you discourage us from even recommending some form of identification.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00366-00207023-00207962": "I think your argument is, [transactions] are always be visible; you are right, the chain is very visible.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00367-00207962-00208508": "But what you don't see in a chain is, who is  behind the chain. And that is why I would presume...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00368-00208508-00208946": "people with illegal objectives or means are prepared to use it.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00369-00208946-00209588": "They apparently are using this mechanism to transfer and launder money.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00370-00209588-00210366": "I gather your argument is: 'I recognize that is a negative [use case], but don't hesitate because of that issue.'", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00371-00210366-00210964": "'Don't put measures in place to restrict that flow, because the usefulness of those measures in...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00372-00210964-00211362": "identifying who is behind the transfers, will  be less than the usefulness to our society...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00373-00211362-00211694": "in letting this thing develop. Is that accurate?", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00374-00211694-00212426": "The chain is visible, but not the identity of the persons, which is what I think the Chairman was asking about.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00375-00212426-00213198": "[ANDREAS] I am recognizing two aspects:  [first], attempts at imposing identity on Bitcoin...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00376-00213198-00213992": "will be ineffective because there will always be channels by which non-identifiable transactions...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00377-00213992-00214442": "can be introduced, either in Bitcoin or other  currencies, while simultaneously removing...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00378-00214442-00214608": "one of the greatest advantages.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00379-00214608-00215308": "Senator, today I have received three automated phone calls from Visa fraud prevention just because...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00380-00215308-00215508": "I used my card in Canada.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00381-00215508-00216166": "They have been calling me all day. This is something that happens to me every time I travel.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00382-00216166-00216866": "This is a symptom of releasing an identifier  that allows others to pull from my account...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00383-00216866-00217312": "and ties every transaction I [send] to every activity I do.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00384-00217312-00218017": "I am not only giving up my privacy, but endangering my personal financial security every time I use a credit card.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00385-00218017-00218367": "This system is non-viable.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00386-00218367-00219114": "I watch every few weeks on the news that yet another [company] has lost fifty million consumer credit cards,", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00387-00219114-00219806": "or identity [documents] lost; for the average consumer, that is months of identity protection and risk.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00388-00219806-00220171": "These are the intermediaries who handle our identities.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00389-00220171-00220762": "Over the last two decades, we have seen that protecting [centralized] information systems in such a way...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00390-00220762-00221123": "that we can prevent these types of thefts, is not possible.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00391-00221123-00221430": "The mistake is tying identity to every transaction,", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00392-00221430-00221873": "and creating systems that can continuously draw [money] from our accounts.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00393-00221873-00222608": "Bitcoin is fundamentally different. To break that in order to tie identities, which anyone can easily bypass...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00394-00222608-00223464": "if they have [enough] ill intent, would not result in protecting us more, but harming consumers.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00395-00223464-00224058": "[PAUL MASSICOTTE] The conclusion being, you acknowledge that this system could encourage...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00396-00224058-00224817": "money-laundering, but you're arguing to not do anything about it, because the benefits for society from this...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00397-00224817-00225030": "form of transfer is more important.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00398-00225030-00225378": "Is that your argument? I gather that is what you're saying.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00399-00225378-00225708": "[ANDREAS] My argument is that, [regardless of] the invention [and use] of blockchain technologies,", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00400-00225708-00226242": "any of these systems to be used for ill intent, with [or without] identity.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00401-00226242-00226558": "There is nothing that can be done to stop someone-", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00402-00226558-00226740": "[PAUL MASSICOTTE] Nor should even try to stop.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00403-00226740-00227162": "[ANDREAS] I think that would harm the vast majority of people who do good with it.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00404-00227162-00227556": "[PAUL MASSICOTTE] Let me talk to you about... We are a little bit older than you are, but...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00405-00227556-00227910": "Every time we achieve certain points in life-", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00406-00227910-00228230": "I guess we could look at central banks  because we are the banking committee.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00407-00228230-00228554": "They come across new theories every  twenty to thirty years about how to control...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00408-00228554-00229067": "money supply, growth, and inflation.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00409-00229067-00229773": "Then we always learn thirty or forty years later,  'Sorry, we got it wrong. Shit happens,' in other words.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00410-00229773-00230426": "Having said that, when I look at your algorithm- You say we will predict the necessary growth...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00411-00230426-00230816": "of this currency as a form of transfer, and we got it right.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00412-00230816-00231200": "But I highly suspect that twenty to thirty, I will say, \"Well, you didn't get a right.\"", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00413-00231200-00231762": "Clue me in: what would be the one or two things that you got wrong when you project the future?", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00414-00231762-00231978": "Where are the one or two weaknesses where you can say,", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00415-00231978-00232467": "\"I could have been wrong; here is where I may have gone wrong\"?", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00416-00232467-00233252": "[ANDREAS] What is useful to understand is, Bitcoin's monetary policy is just one recipe that is possible.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00417-00233252-00233882": "Bitcoin and other currencies like that allow us  to implement monetary recipes at will,", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00418-00233882-00234198": "and then fix [or replace] them.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00419-00234198-00234688": "If Bitcoin's monetary recipe is wrong,  people will move to another currency...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00420-00234690-00235230": "that has the same characteristics of decentralized organization, but with a different monetary recipe.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00421-00235230-00235604": "It is simply one of the possible choices.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00422-00235604-00235892": "I don't know if it is the right or wrong monetary policy,", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00423-00235892-00236758": "but I do know what Bitcoin's [issuance rate] will be in thirty years years, down to the millionth decimal point.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00424-00236758-00237334": "Exactly how many currency units will exist in 140 years.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00425-00237334-00237950": "What it provides, whether you like that recipe or not, whether you agree with it or not, is certainty.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00426-00237950-00238576": "It provides predictability. It allows people to adjust their expectations.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00427-00238576-00238828": "Whether that is right or wrong monetary policy...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00428-00238828-00239262": "Well, with this new model, you can build your own currency which has a different monetary policy.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00429-00239262-00239700": "And if it is better, it [will] win [in the market]. It is an open competition.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00430-00239700-00240169": "[PAUL MASSICOTTE] The supply is defined by the algorithm. But people like our Chairman...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00431-00240169-00240578": "who [could have] bought this unit [of  currency], maybe the supply is limited,", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00432-00240578-00240978": "But if [the price] will be equal to the demand growth, who knows [where the price will go]?", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00433-00240978-00241334": "[ANDREAS] Nobody knows. [PAUL MASSICOTTE] The price of that currency may fluctuate immensely...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00434-00241334-00241571": "if you got [the monetary policy] wrong.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00435-00241571-00241984": "The purpose of the algorithm is to project,  as reasonable as it can, that future growth.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00436-00241984-00242430": "But it may not be. Maybe the supply is defined, but not the price.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00437-00242430-00242840": "Therefore, if you get high fluctuation of value, that will discourage its use [as a currency].", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00438-00242840-00243371": "[ANDREAS] Absolutely, but at the moment volatility is a reflection of very low liquidity in bitcoin.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00439-00243371-00244214": "Bitcoin has a very specific recipe that simulates the supply curve of precious metals like gold.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00440-00244214-00244632": "That is a very specific monetary theory.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00441-00244632-00245190": "If there is a different monetary theory, you can build a different currency using blockchain technology.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00442-00245190-00245646": "You could even build a blockchain technology currency where the monetary supply is defined...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00443-00245646-00246180": "by a committee of twelve central bankers, and then invite users / consumers to adopt it.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00444-00246180-00246471": "It would still be more transparent than our current system of money.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00445-00246471-00246754": "[PAUL MASSICOTTE] Thank you, Chair. [IRVING GERSTEIN] Thank you.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00446-00246754-00247166": "Senator Wells, to be followed by Senator Ringuette.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00447-00247166-00247719": "[DAVID WELLS] Thank you very much, Chair. I am pleased to be here today, filling in for someone.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00448-00247719-00248473": "As we ran into each other earlier today, you said this would be an exciting committee meeting, and it is.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00449-00248473-00248819": "Mr. Antonopoulos, thanks for coming and thanks for your answers so far.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00450-00248819-00249950": "Who are Bitcoin's biggest detractors, and why are they enemies of Bitcoin?", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00451-00249950-00250323": "[ANDREAS] I am not sure who Bitcoin's  biggest detractors are, but I can tell you that...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00452-00250323-00250916": "I -- and every other passionate advocate I know -- started off as a detractor.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00453-00250916-00251992": "It is important to note that my initial response to Bitcoin was, \"This is nerd money and it can't possibly work.\"", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00454-00251992-00252748": "[Laughter] In fact, when Satoshi Nakamoto invented Bitcoin and announced it on the cyherpunk mailing list,", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00455-00252748-00253132": "everyone around him responded in pretty much the same way.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00456-00253132-00254040": "The circle of advocates, which is now numbering in the millions, consists of people who started as sceptics.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00457-00254040-00254558": "The first time I saw it, that was my reaction. The second time, I read the whitepaper...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00458-00254558-00254771": "and understood that this was not [just] a currency.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00459-00254771-00255419": "It is a decentralized network model for financial security and trust which [relies on] currency,", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00460-00255419-00255666": "but also allows for many other things.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00461-00255666-00256136": "That literally blew my mind, and then I understood this was much bigger.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00462-00256136-00256796": "We all started out as skeptics. I don't know  if all the skeptics become advocates over time,", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00463-00256796-00257530": "but I do see that people who look at Bitcoin carefully understand there is a lot more than meets the eye.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00464-00257530-00258096": "[DAVID WELLS] What would Bitcoin's  biggest threat to growth [and adoption] be?", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00465-00258096-00258630": "[The need] for people to overcome fear of the unknowns? The security aspect?", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00466-00258630-00258848": "The level of technology available?", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00467-00258848-00259588": "The individual nodes might not have the security that the whole system has.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00468-00259588-00260150": "[ANDREAS] There are some very significant  security problems related to the ownership...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00469-00260150-00260562": "and control of bitcoin keys in wallets for end-users.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00470-00260562-00261126": "The simple truth is, we have been [studying] information security as an industry for a handful of decades.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00471-00261126-00261776": "That industry is not very effective at doing it, whether in trying to protect credit card [details] or bitcoin.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00472-00261776-00262440": "The nice thing about bitcoin is, the risk is  compartmentalized. There is no systemic risk.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00473-00262440-00262934": "Over time, we will see the development of more secure mechanisms like hardware wallets,", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00474-00262934-00263312": "such as the ones beginning to appear in the market today.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00475-00263312-00264002": "For every problem I see in Bitcoin, as an entrepreneur I simultaneously see a tremendous opportunity.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00476-00264002-00264776": "If you look back at the history of disruptive technologies, in 1994 there were dozens and dozens of articles...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00477-00264776-00265300": "about how the internet would fail because no one would ever be able to find anything on the internet.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00478-00265300-00265772": "Sergey Brin and Larry Page decided that was an opportunity, not a problem.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00479-00265772-00266808": "With Bitcoin, in each one of these problems lies a new, innovative financial industry that can offer solutions.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00480-00266808-00267070": "[DAVID WELLS] Thank you. I have one more question, Chair, if I may.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00481-00267070-00267834": "Of the millions of users a bitcoin currently,  who would constitute the biggest user group?", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00482-00267834-00268696": "International financial transactions? What is the user group with the highest plurality?", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00483-00268696-00269282": "[ANDREAS] I think there are a few statistical surveys that provide some insight into that.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00484-00269282-00269714": "I'm not sure about the exact numbers. I think the most common use for bitcoin is...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00485-00269714-00270170": "charitable giving, donations and [online] tipping.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00486-00270170-00270660": "The demographics, at the moment, are very similar to the early internet:", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00487-00270660-00271320": "a narrow [set] of technology professionals.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00488-00271320-00271688": "A lot of nerds in this space, I can say that for sure.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00489-00271688-00272516": "But it just follows the same [adoption] path as any other technology, becoming more appealing...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00490-00272516-00272920": "to a broader demographic over time.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00491-00272920-00273476": "For me, the most interesting thing is not what Bitcoin can do for western developed countries.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00492-00273476-00273862": "We have fairly sophisticated banking systems.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00493-00273862-00274766": "I am fascinated by the idea of deploying Bitcoin on a Nokia feature phone in Kenya or Lagos, Nigeria...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00494-00274766-00275330": "This would people who have never had access to financial services online into a global economy...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00495-00275330-00275978": "with international credit, connected to  everyone else in the world on equal footing.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00496-00275978-00276622": "That is very exciting to me; that is where  the greatest need lies that Bitcoin can fulfill.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00497-00276622-00276926": "[DAVID WELLS] Okay. Thank you, Chair. [IRVING GERSTEIN] Thank you, Senator Wells.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00498-00276926-00277372": "Senator Ringuette, to be followed by Senator Meredith. [PIERRETTE RINGUETTE] Thank you, Chair.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00499-00277372-00278004": "Most impressive. When you started out by saying that you have spent 20 years...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00500-00278004-00278814": "working on networks and data centers for financial services companies, I say,", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00501-00278814-00279450": "they must be in dire need to hire you back! [Laughter]", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00502-00279450-00279852": "[UNKNOWN] He is not for sale. [PIERRETTE RINGUETTE] No, but-", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00503-00279852-00280670": "With all the knowledge you have gathered about cryptocurrency...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00504-00280670-00281686": "What would be your guess for development  to create a similar cryptocurrency?", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00505-00281686-00282088": "[ANDREAS] I'm not sure I understand the question. [PIERRETTE RINGUETTE] Well, as you said,", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00506-00282088-00282782": "there are over about hundred different cryptocurrency networks.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00507-00282782-00283800": "What would be the cost to develop and  create a similar cryptocurrency to bitcoin?", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00508-00283800-00284490": "[ANDREAS] Well, every day, somebody decides that Bitcoin isn't the correct answer, they have a better one,", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00509-00284490-00285010": "and choose to try and build a better cryptocurrency.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00510-00285010-00285864": "Blockchain technology has taken the very  natural inclination of people to create currency...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00511-00285864-00286302": "as a form of language and expression of value, which exists in every society.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00512-00286302-00287320": "From pre-historic times with beads and feathers, to modern times with all the forms of currency...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00513-00287320-00287836": "that existed before nationalized monopoly money.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00514-00287836-00288840": "That possibility, of not only creating a currency, but that currency being global, secure, fast,", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00515-00288840-00289146": "predictable, and transparent...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00516-00289146-00289852": "It means a ten-year-old can create a currency that is as secure as...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00517-00289852-00290302": "the currency created by a monarch a few centuries ago.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00518-00290302-00291008": "Just like the internet brought desktop publishing and communications into the hands of individuals,", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00519-00291008-00291984": "enable a capability that was previously only the purview of those who had [large] printing presses,", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00520-00291984-00292422": "blockchain technology has democratized  access to [the tools of] currency creation.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00521-00292422-00293394": "As a result, anyone with the impulse to create currency, for reasons completely serious or trivial, can now do so.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00522-00293394-00293940": "That currency [could become] global, secure, and unforgeable.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00523-00293940-00294184": "[PIERRETTE RINGUETTE] Without cost? [ANDREAS] Without cost.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00524-00294184-00294672": "In fact, you can go onto a website and create RinguetteCoin today.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00525-00294672-00295212": "[PIERRETTE RINGUETTE] I would love that! [Laughter] [ANDREAS] For a fifth of a tenth of a bitcoin.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00526-00295212-00295754": "For a very small amount, in any case. Very soon, that will be free.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00527-00295754-00296490": "I do anticipate that you will see coins created by children, performers, entertainers, football teams...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00528-00296490-00297270": "Most of them will only have entertainment value, but some of them may surprise us and cross over...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00529-00297270-00297458": "into the realm of economic value.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00530-00297458-00298252": "[Bitcoin] changes the fundamental relationship between individuals and currency as a form of expression.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00531-00298252-00298680": "[PIERRETTE RINGUETTE] The second question I have...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00532-00298680-00299764": "You said, individual bitcoin wallets can be targeted and compromised if not properly secured.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00533-00299764-00300288": "How can one properly secure [their] bitcoin wallet?", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00534-00300288-00300830": "[ANDREAS] With great difficulty right now. It requires great technical skill,", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00535-00300830-00301272": "which is one of the issues that needs to be addressed over the next few years...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00536-00301272-00301644": "in order to make bitcoin more accessible to mainstream users.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00537-00301644-00301968": "Right now, it is difficult to do so.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00538-00301968-00302514": "Our individual computer systems are not  designed to secure purely digital money...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00539-00302514-00303128": "that resides on your iPhone or desktop.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00540-00303128-00304026": "For experts and specialists, there are new devices which have come out, with wallets embedded in hardware.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00541-00304026-00304576": "Small devices that you plug into your computer and all the bitcoin keys are only held on that device.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00542-00304576-00305208": "I actually print out my bitcoin keys on paper, and then put them in a fireproof safe.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00543-00305208-00305599": "I store a second copy in a bank safe deposit box...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00544-00305599-00306284": "which is ironic because I'm securing my bitcoin by putting [the keys] in a bank vault. [Laughter]", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00545-00306284-00307222": "Making the keys physical actually allows me to impart the greatest form of security that I know how to use.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00546-00307222-00307554": "Physical security is something we're more familiar with.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00547-00307554-00307960": "Information security [research] is  accelerating because of bitcoin.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00548-00307960-00308480": "A lot of innovation is happening in that space, which is very exciting.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00549-00308480-00308638": "[PIERRETTE RINGUETTE] Third question.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00550-00308638-00309656": "You indicated that a person could acquire  a loan in bitcoin. How would one go about that?", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00551-00309656-00310166": "[ANDREAS] There are already organizations  implementing a concept called peer-to-peer lending,", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00552-00310166-00310434": "which exists in the traditional currencies.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00553-00310434-00311494": "For example, there are companies like LendingClub.com where I can make a loan to a fellow American.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00554-00311494-00311961": "They will end up paying a lower interest rate than for credit cards, and I will actually get an interest rate...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00555-00311962-00312260": "that is higher than I would with a certificate of deposit.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00556-00312260-00312792": "If I diversify my loans enough, only investing a small amount in each loan,", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00557-00312792-00313124": "I will suffer a pretty low default rate.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00558-00313124-00313800": "[With Bitcoin], that [scheme] can become global. I could lend money with bitcoin to someone...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00559-00313800-00314254": "anywhere in the world, and there are companies already doing this.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00560-00314254-00314836": "In that case, I would invest perhaps in two to three thousand different loans so...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00561-00314836-00315368": "default on one loan wouldn't affect my entire my entire amount.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00562-00315368-00315998": "[I would] diversify my risk that way. This has tremendous implications for world-wide credit.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00563-00315998-00316698": "It not only allows people in the developing world to source credit, but people in the developed world...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00564-00316698-00317374": "can invest their money directly with the borrowers, without intermediaries, at a much lower cost.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00565-00317374-00317794": "[PIERRETTE RINGUETTE] Well, yeah, but you have an intermediary for this.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00566-00317794-00319118": "You have this organization that [facilitates] what you are prepared to loan, and people wanting to acquire loans.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00567-00319118-00319384": "So you have this intermediary?", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00568-00319384-00319738": "[ANDREAS] Today, we have. Yes, indeed.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00569-00319738-00320052": "But with bitcoin, this is one of the  tremendous things that is happening.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00570-00320052-00320614": "Many of the traditional financial services  can now be redesigned and re-envisioned...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00571-00320614-00320948": "in a completely decentralized fashion, without intermediaries.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00572-00320948-00321524": "This concept of disintermediation, or removing intermediaries, connecting buyers the sellers directly,", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00573-00321524-00322390": "consumers to merchants, [borrowers] to  creditors, is the magical power of Bitcoin.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00574-00322390-00323006": "That is what this invention has allowed us to do, without [needing] to first establish trust.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00575-00323006-00323470": "With Bitcoin, we can have a completely  decentralized market for credit and lending...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00576-00323470-00324198": "that is simultaneously global, near instantaneous, and allows access to a vast pool of credit.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00577-00324198-00324730": "That is a very exciting prospect.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00578-00324730-00325688": "[PIERRETTE RINGUETTE] Okay. From your perspective.. and Chair, this is my last question.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00579-00325688-00326664": "If Canada would move forward with some regulation, as some witnesses have asked of us,", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00580-00326664-00327672": "and the [rest of] the world, the G7 countries, did not follow us with similar regulation,", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00581-00327672-00328358": "what would the pros and cons of such a move be?", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00582-00328358-00328848": "[ANDREAS] Well, that is a very interesting [question]. We already see tremendous regulatory fragmentation.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00583-00328848-00329462": "A regulator in New York State has taken initiative to regulate based on [existing] New York State laws,", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00584-00329462-00330244": "regulation that looks very similar to traditional banking regulations and is not very well suited for Bitcoin.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00585-00330244-00330588": "Simultaneously, there will be other forms of regulation.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00586-00330588-00331362": "In the United States, we will likely end up with a patchwork of federal, state, and local regulations.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00587-00331362-00331648": "You will see similar attempts in many countries.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00588-00331648-00332300": "Bitcoin technology is such that it can  operate across borders very effectively.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00589-00332300-00333026": "Therefore, Bitcoin companies can migrate  to the areas of least friction, create new jobs,", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00590-00333026-00333608": "[contribute] innovation and growth in the places where regulation is best informed about the nuances..", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00591-00333608-00333912": "and particular needs of Bitcoin companies.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00592-00333912-00334444": "Canada and other countries which are  looking at this regulation very carefully,", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00593-00334444-00334946": "rather than rushing into it, have an opportunity to create a very friendly environment to those companies.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00594-00334946-00335448": "They will attract one of the industries that,  quite frankly, is creating thousands of jobs today,", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00595-00335448-00335784": "which cannot be said for too many other industries.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00596-00335784-00335980": "[PIERRETTE RINGUETTE] Thank you. [ANDREAS] Thank you.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00597-00335980-00336102": "[IRVING GERSTEIN] Thank you very much.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00598-00336102-00336568": "Senator Meredith, to be followed by the  Deputy Chair, Senator Hervieux-Payette.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00599-00336568-00336888": "[DON MEREDITH] Thank you so much, Chair. Thank you so much for your presentation.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00600-00336888-00337322": "As I was reading your notes last night- This is a segue into what my colleague just raised...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00601-00337322-00337628": "with respect to regulations.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00602-00337628-00338452": "Our committees here in the Senate are looking to put forward recommendations in a report to government...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00603-00338452-00338830": "that will hopefully become law to protect Canadians.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00604-00338830-00339394": "You talked to us about individuals being hacked.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00605-00339394-00340236": "Companies who you cited earlier have spent millions and millions of dollars on their security architecture,", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00606-00340236-00340728": "to protect the data provided by consumers.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00607-00340728-00341382": "We see how vulnerable they are, how this data has been lost.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00608-00341382-00341966": "Major banks have come and indicated that  they have been hacked months [after the fact],", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00609-00341966-00342546": "to the surprise of their customers whose credit cards, [identity and financial] data is now out there.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00610-00342546-00343098": "Now you are advocating a decentralized system.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00611-00343098-00343874": "The traditional banking system is predicated on all these security measures to protect consumers.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00612-00343874-00344460": "We are about protecting Canadians, so bring [this discussion] back as to how we would do that...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00613-00344460-00344750": "going forward with Bitcoin and what you're proposing.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00614-00344750-00345456": "I understand the rationale of [open] access, especially when it comes to Africa, for example.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00615-00345456-00345648": "and the other outlying areas.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00616-00345648-00346102": "We have seen how the revolution of cellphones has changed the dynamics of communication,", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00617-00346102-00346340": "as well as financial transactions.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00618-00346340-00346600": "Talk to us about the security aspect.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00619-00346600-00347668": "How would we go forth with respect to protecting Canadians who are or become engaged in [Bitcoin]?", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00620-00347668-00348318": "[ANDREAS] One of the big failures of regulation in the traditional [financial] environment is,", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00621-00348318-00349078": "with centralized identifiers and regulation  comes the centralization of risk.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00622-00349078-00350154": "When an organization such as Home Depot or Target is hacked, losing sixty million consumer identities,", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00623-00350154-00350560": "the reason that [hack] had such an enormous impact...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00624-00350560-00351012": "is because they were storing sixty million  consumer identities in the first place.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00625-00351012-00351922": "Instead, if each of those sixty million consumers [needed] to be individually targeted and hacked,", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00626-00351922-00352294": "the possibility of that happening is much lower.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00627-00352294-00353236": "The advantage of a decentralized environment is, there is no central repository, motherload, or vault...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00628-00353236-00354052": "where everyone's identity is stored and can be attacked at the same time.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00629-00354052-00355126": "Bitcoin proposes a different model where the risk and control are pushed out into the hands of the users.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00630-00355126-00355760": "The result is a system that is much more resilient against systemic risk.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00631-00355760-00356532": "That means users themselves have enormous power; with that power, they also have responsibility.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00632-00356532-00356994": "That control exposes them to individualized risk.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00633-00356994-00357426": "[DON MEREDITH] How do we mitigate that risk, though? [ANDREAS] That risk is already being mitigated...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00634-00357426-00357554": "by [various] innovations [and training].", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00635-00357554-00358132": "On one hand, you have this increased  exposure of the individual one-by-one;", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00636-00358132-00359036": "on the other hand, we have programmable money, which allows us to invent new models for security.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00637-00359036-00359668": "Whether those are specialized devices that control keys and never expose them to the internet,", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00638-00359668-00360748": "or multi-signature transactions where a number of signatures are required to release funds.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00639-00360748-00361314": "Those signatures could belong to two  different devices that one user [owns].", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00640-00361314-00361992": "For example, they need to authorize a transaction from their laptop and their mobile phone,", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00641-00361992-00362314": "which gives them a greater degree of security.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00642-00362314-00363086": "You could have secondary or tertiary controls stored on paper, on a device that is kept offline,", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00643-00363086-00363334": "in a vault at home, or a fireproof safe.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00644-00363334-00363744": "Those are the very basic [procedures] that we are following right now.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00645-00363744-00364372": "But we are already seeing companies  providing services to consumers...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00646-00364372-00365072": "where they look at every [outgoing] transaction and provide a third signature to authorize it,", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00647-00365072-00365224": "based on a risk assessment.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00648-00365224-00365776": "In that case, the company has no custodial control over the funds.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00649-00365776-00366534": "All they can do is sign or not sign the transaction. They are providing a risk check, and just that.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00650-00366534-00366916": "These are very interesting models we have never explored before,", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00651-00366916-00367614": "because neither the user had enough control, nor was the network open enough to allow experimentation.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00652-00367614-00368084": "The technology underlying it wasn't flexible enough.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00653-00368084-00368656": "I have great faith. Already, just in the last two years as this technology has gone [more] mainstream,", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00654-00368656-00369154": "the amount of innovation around that exact  problem has accelerated tremendously.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00655-00369154-00369886": "We are gradually beginning to win in terms of protecting end-user wallets.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00656-00369886-00370588": "In this area specifically, requiring users to attach identity to every transaction and put all of those [identities]...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00657-00370588-00371244": "in a central repository, just like the regulations in New York have demanded, is folly to me.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00658-00371244-00371856": "It takes away the one opportunity we have  to think of a different way of doing this,", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00659-00371856-00372754": "and expose us to the same systemic risk of centralized points of failure that we have with credit cards.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00660-00372754-00373302": "I'm hoping that the market will be allowed to develop these solutions.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00661-00373302-00373954": "[DON MEREDITH] Going forward with what one of my colleagues, Senator Black, raised with respect to...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00662-00373954-00374536": "breathing time, and you indicated this as well...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00663-00374536-00375402": "What would be a suitable timeframe for us to look? Obviously, this is evolving and in development.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00664-00375402-00375986": "However, we believe there needs to be  some sort of regulations put in place,", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00665-00375986-00376912": "similar to what we have done with the internet in terms of privacy, requests for information, and so forth.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00666-00376912-00377454": "With respect to the breathing time, if we were to enact some sort of legislation,", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00667-00377454-00378324": "give us your opinion as to what that would look like, to govern Bitcoin and its transactions.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00668-00378324-00378794": "[ANDREAS] If we look at the experience with the internet,", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00669-00378794-00379624": "the opportunity for the internet to develop its own models for self-regulation was extremely effective.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00670-00379624-00379924": "It delivered a lot of good to a lot of people.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00671-00379924-00380620": "Ironically, when the U.S. Senate finally came around to regulating spam, that was the same year...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00672-00380620-00380950": "that technology solved the problem.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00673-00380950-00381452": "In some cases, waiting is the better option.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00674-00381452-00381986": "I don't think there is a major problem with  consumer access to bitcoin at the moment,", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00675-00381986-00382222": "in terms of the risk it poses to consumers.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00676-00382222-00382918": "However, there are particular areas where  I believe your committee could offer clarity.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00677-00382918-00383554": "The first one is making a clear distinction  between centralized, custodial accounts,", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00678-00383554-00383926": "and decentralized models of bitcoin operation.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00679-00383926-00384116": "Not lumping them together.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00680-00384116-00384420": "Centralized custodial accounts are dangerous to consumers.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00681-00384420-00384904": "They expose consumers to the exact same risk of [traditional] centralized financial institutions,", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00682-00384904-00385364": "only in this particular case, there is still zero oversight or control over these institutions.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00683-00385364-00385628": "They [often] operate outside of the banking environment.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00684-00385628-00386364": "For example, when CA Vertex came here and asked for regulation, in that environment, that is a sensible idea.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00685-00386364-00387174": "CA Vertex has complete control of user keys and operates in a centralized, custodial manner.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00686-00387174-00387910": "However, I think we should leave opportunities for the development of decentralized solutions,", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00687-00387910-00388388": "and recognize that those are neither  subject to the same risks for consumers,", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00688-00388388-00388990": "nor do they need the same types of regulation custodial accounts.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00689-00388990-00389498": "That would open up a lot of possibility for innovation in that space.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00690-00389498-00390022": "I think it is also important to carve out exceptions.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00691-00390022-00391036": "There are exceptions already in existing law, in terms of personal exchanges of small accounts.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00692-00391036-00391552": "For example, if I exchange a small amount of U.S. dollars for Canadian dollars on the street corner,", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00693-00391552-00392120": "I will not be arrested for operating without the money transmitting license.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00694-00392120-00392970": "It is important to recognize that, on a small scale and for personal use, there should be clarity in the law...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00695-00392970-00393348": "that you don't require licenses to operate...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00696-00393348-00393908": "and personal use as a consumer is not  subject to banking-level regulation.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00697-00393908-00394474": "That would be very useful in allowing  further development of this technology.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00698-00394474-00394714": "[DON MEREDITH] One final question, Chair.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00699-00394714-00395538": "He indicated that there is a small percentage of bad actors. What systems do you currently have...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00700-00395538-00396198": "in place to deal with those individuals who would abuse the system?", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00701-00396198-00396980": "[ANDREAS] Traditional law enforcement has been tremendously successful in tracking and stopping...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00702-00396980-00397308": "such activities on the network, again and again.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00703-00397308-00397988": "So far, I haven't heard of any particular need for changing the way the network operates.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00704-00397988-00398600": "In fact, such a request would be met with no [such] change, because this is a global network.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00705-00398600-00399480": "It isn't under the control of a single individual. I don't control Bitcoin any more than anybody else controls it.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00706-00399480-00400212": "The network itself provides a level of transparency that law enforcement can use [to track that activity].", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00707-00400212-00400430": "[DON MEREDITH] Thank you. Thanks, Chair.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00708-00400430-00400558": "[IRVING GERSTEIN] Deputy Chair of the committee,", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00709-00400558-00400860": "Senator Hervieux-Payette, to be followed by Senator Tkachuk.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00710-00400860-00401570": "[HERVIEUX-PAYETTE] [Translated from French] Thank you. In view of the fact that no one has...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00711-00401570-00401948": "spoken in French so far, I will be putting my questions in French.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00712-00401948-00403204": "Can you tell me whether there are countries, at the present time, that recognize and supervise Bitcoin?", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00713-00403204-00403728": "[ANDREAS] I believe that there are several countries in which Bitcoin use has been recognized,", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00714-00403728-00404326": "in many different ways and at different  levels of the legislative or judicial process.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00715-00404326-00404714": "In terms of recognizing, in fact, that bitcoin is money,", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00716-00404714-00405390": "that it is subject to the same rules and  regulations around taxation and operation,", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00717-00405390-00405942": "and that it also carries certain liberties such as freedom of association and expression.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00718-00405942-00406594": "Within many countries, bitcoin fits comfortably within the existing system for currencies.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00719-00406594-00407560": "However, I don't know whether any country  required legislation specifically for bitcoin,", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00720-00407560-00408292": "[HERVIEUX-PAYETTE] [Translated from French] A short question on a matter previously raised:", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00721-00408292-00409252": "If Senator Ringuette were to issue RinguetteCoin this week, and if our Chair already had his bitcoin for...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00722-00409252-00409952": "a number of months already, I would like to know what the value of one in relation to the other would be.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00723-00409952-00410520": "[ANDREAS] The various [crypto]currencies that exist...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00724-00410520-00411304": "are related to each other based on a free-floating market exchange rate, determined by trade...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00725-00411304-00412008": "between individuals on exchanges where those currencies can be bought and sold for each other.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00726-00412008-00412466": "This is exactly the same mechanism by  which the exchange rate between the...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00727-00412466-00412714": "Canadian dollar and U.S. dollar is determined.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00728-00412714-00413458": "Or between any currency in the modern world. All of these currencies have a free-floating market value.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00729-00413458-00414562": "I would argue, if there is very low liquidity in the market, that it will be very difficult to establish a price...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00730-00414562-00414956": "that is representative of the value of that currency.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00731-00414956-00415685": "Price discovery will be difficult and lead to very large volatility.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00732-00415685-00416268": "As bitcoin and the other [crypto]currencies  [grow] larger, the volatility decreases, in fact.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00733-00416268-00416943": "The volatility of the bitcoin [price] today is  not at all dissimilar from the volatility of oil...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00734-00416943-00417993": "during the first decade of its discovery as a substitute fuel instead of whale oil.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00735-00417993-00418570": "We see this with new technologies. As the market develops, it starts off with tremendous volatility.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00736-00418570-00419314": "But over time, as the amount of volume and liquidity in the market increases, the volatility is reduced...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00737-00419314-00419666": "until these currencies become extremely stable.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00738-00419666-00420247": "For a global currency, a $5 billion valuation is tiny.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00739-00420247-00420720": "I would expect the bitcoin price will remain volatile for many years to come.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00740-00420720-00421420": "[HERVIEUX-PAYETTE] [Translated from French] I think Senator Ringuette can give some thought...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00741-00421420-00421743": "to this $5 billion.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00742-00421743-00422474": "There was another subject that was discussed, namely the matter of security in the use of bitcoins.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00743-00422474-00423214": "We are parliamentarians here, doing this study within a parliament.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00744-00423214-00423612": "After this particular committee, I will be sitting on the finance committee.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00745-00423612-00424188": "I would be interested to know more about the control that governments might be able to exercise...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00746-00424188-00424678": "if all operations are conducted in bitcoin  and the value is constantly changing.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00747-00424678-00425430": "How would a government be able to exercise its fiscal power?", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00748-00425430-00426022": "[ANDREAS] Well, the citizens of that government would exercise direct control over the currency...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00749-00426022-00426285": "through their own purchasing decisions.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00750-00426285-00426760": "Through ownership, they would have  control over their own units of currency.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00751-00426760-00427297": "In many cases, as I mentioned before, Bitcoin is not unregulated.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00752-00427297-00428046": "It is regulated by mathematics as well as dynamic markets that exist among its participants and users.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00753-00428046-00428722": "The price of bitcoin, its value in commercial  transactions, or whatever use to which it is put,", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00754-00428722-00429362": "is managed directly by the end-user, who are arguably the same constituents.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00755-00429362-00429943": "If the constituents can apply direct  control over currency, they will do so.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00756-00429943-00430664": "[HERVIEUX-PAYETTE] [Translated from French] My last question, then.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00757-00430664-00431372": "We talked about the value in the month of June. We will be making our tax returns in April.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00758-00431372-00432154": "What value would we use if we wanted to be able to make conversions for tax authorities?", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00759-00432154-00432746": "Of course, when filing a tax return, it is necessary to establish a value.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00760-00432746-00433532": "If there is a serious amount of fluctuation... I realize that the quantities are not high.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00761-00433532-00434235": "There aren't that many taxpayers with huge incomes. Let's say, the average Canadian earns $45,000 per year.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00762-00434235-00435246": "What value would be attributed to the revenue from January, February, March, and so forth?", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00763-00435246-00435816": "How would it be possible to monitor and control this type of declaration of income or revenue?", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00764-00435816-00436442": "[ANDREAS] That is a very interesting question, an area where regulatory clarity would be extremely useful.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00765-00436442-00437034": "I earn the vast majority of my income directly in bitcoin.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00766-00437034-00437642": "Since October of last year, I have earned  very little in terms of national currencies.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00767-00437642-00438134": "I get paid in bitcoin, and pay many of my expenses directly in bitcoin.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00768-00438134-00438688": "For the purposes of taxation, I treat the  bitcoin as earnings in a foreign currency,", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00769-00438688-00439232": "just as if I would be doing contract work for  a European company and being paid in euros.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00770-00439232-00439888": "I will assess the market value of the transaction when I earn the income, at that market price.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00771-00439888-00440335": "Then I will render taxes to the tax authority in the national currency.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00772-00440335-00441062": "After all, the primary power of the tax authority is forcing people to pay in the currency of their choice.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00773-00441062-00441576": "What becomes difficult in the use of currency is...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00774-00441576-00442146": "Its classification in the tax code depends on the use I have for it.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00775-00442146-00442714": "For example, if I use my brokerage account  to purchase euros for investment purposes,", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00776-00442714-00443696": "and I sell those euros two months later, I realize a gain and am subject to capital gains tax.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00777-00443696-00445300": "However, if I visit Paris, use euros to pay for a ticket to the local Paris Zoo, and the value of the euro...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00778-00445300-00445916": "changes between the moment I purchased [the euros] with my own currency, and when I pay for the ticket,", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00779-00445916-00446339": "I will not assessed for capital gains taxes because that is considered a currency use.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00780-00446339-00446588": "Therefore, it is treated differently.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00781-00446588-00447239": "[In that instance], the tax code is flexible enough to allow me to declare the appropriate use...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00782-00447239-00447582": "for tax classification, depending on how I used it.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00783-00447582-00448322": "At the moment, in the United States, there has been a ruling that bitcoin operates as a commodity...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00784-00448322-00448797": "[subject to] capital gains taxation, which is the wrong answer in my opinion.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00785-00448797-00449408": "However, if bitcoin had been classified purely as currency, that would be the wrong answer too.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00786-00449408-00449776": "The correct answer, in my opinion, should be that it depends on how it is used.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00787-00449776-00450304": "If it is used for investment, then obviously it is subject to capital gains and losses.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00788-00450304-00450820": "But if it is used for consumer spending, then it operates as a currency and medium of exchange.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00789-00450820-00451466": "The tax system [should] allow me to  declare how I have used the currency,", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00790-00451466-00451814": "and then impose penalties if I have made that declaration incorrectly.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00791-00451814-00452084": "That is how it works with every other currency.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00792-00452084-00452689": "This is an area where clarity would be extremely useful. It would allow us to use currencies such as bitcoin...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00793-00452689-00453082": "in the same way that we use [other]  currencies from all over the world.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00794-00453082-00453308": "[HERVIEUX-PAYETTE] Thank you. [IRVING GERSTEIN] Thank you.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00795-00453308-00453638": "Senator Tkachuk, to be followed by Senator Maltais.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00796-00453638-00454235": "[DAVID TKACHUK] Welcome, Mr. Antonopoulos. Thank you for your testimony here today.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00797-00454235-00454692": "It has been an interesting afternoon.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00798-00454692-00455272": "The other virtual currencies, are they based on an algorithm as well?", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00799-00455272-00455792": "Is it the same one as used for Bitcoin?", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00800-00455792-00456132": "There are several algorithms within Bitcoin.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00801-00456132-00457147": "The central invention is the blockchain and the security model for consensus through proof-of-work,", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00802-00457147-00457804": "which is a [method] that allows a network to arrive at a secure picture of what the current ledger is...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00803-00457804-00457992": "based on competition.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00804-00457992-00458518": "That central technological innovation, the blockchain, is used in the vast majority of [crypto]currencies.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00805-00458518-00458746": "I will call that the blockchain invention.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00806-00458746-00459392": "However, there are other algorithms in Bitcoin, such as the algorithm that determines how [units] are issued,", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00807-00459392-00459702": "how often and how much of the currency is issued.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00808-00459702-00460242": "Other currencies have taken different perspectives, using a different monetary policy recipe.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00809-00460242-00460592": "We have seen the development of a very  broad range of choices, including currencies...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00810-00460592-00461039": "that are inflationary in nature and have a much bigger supply.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00811-00461039-00461916": "Even currencies that implement a demurrage, meaning a negative interest rate, to encourage consumption...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00812-00461918-00462080": "and discourages savings.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00813-00462080-00463143": "As a laboratory, these currencies can express a range of monetary policies and political perspectives.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00814-00463143-00464024": "The underlying invention that secures the entire network is almost exactly the same across all these currencies.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00815-00464024-00464984": "[DAVID TKACHUK] We have heard in previous testimony about the miners, the people who issue..", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00816-00464984-00465297": "or \"mine\" the currency.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00817-00465297-00466289": "There were some stories in the paper in June of this year,", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00818-00466289-00467112": "[which said] a company had over 51% of the mining market for bitcoin.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00819-00467112-00468278": "So it was developing like a quasi-monopoly. Can one company have a total monopoly in issuing bitcoins?", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00820-00468278-00469430": "Does that jeopardize the whole currency itself? Do you have controls on that? How does it all work?", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00821-00469430-00470193": "It is important to emphasize that the purpose of mining is to secure and verify all transactions.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00822-00470193-00470910": "The reward for mining is currency issuance, which we should not confuse for the main purpose.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00823-00470910-00471392": "Mining is rewarded with currency issuance for securing the network.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00824-00471392-00472114": "The reward acts as an incentive to ensure that the network remains secure.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00825-00472114-00473030": "The company in question is a mining organization. It operates a mining pool, similar to a lottery pool,", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00826-00473030-00473342": "which means they didn't control the hashing directly.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00827-00473342-00474306": "They acted as a [facilitator] where many independent miners could pool their hashing power in order to...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00828-00474306-00474728": "achieve smoother returns on their hardware investment.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00829-00474728-00475370": "When playing the lottery by yourself, you may win, but on a very irregular schedule.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00830-00475370-00476062": "If you play as part of a pool, you will get more frequent, but lower, payments in a similar way.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00831-00476062-00476510": "Mining is a competitive function,  individuals do not fare [as well].", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00832-00476510-00476885": "Their payments [are irregular]. Instead, they pull their actions together.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00833-00476885-00477502": "Interestingly, when GHash.IO approached --  but did not reach -- 51%, and [controlled above 40%],", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00834-00477502-00478460": "this led to a market response where individual miners recognized the potential risk to the reputation...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00835-00478460-00478589": "of the network.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00836-00478589-00478874": "Although, I don't believe it was a serious technical risk.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00837-00478874-00479560": "They withdrew their mining capacity from that pool operator and redirected it to other pool operators.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00838-00479560-00480576": "Shortly thereafter, GHash.IO had their cumulative mining power drop to slightly below 30%.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00839-00480576-00481152": "[This behaviour] provides a very good level  of protection against individualized attacks.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00840-00481152-00481850": "That is a very big amount, but at the same time, it is not big enough to provide a monopoly.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00841-00481850-00482492": "On a technical note, a mining pool or individual miner achieving the majority of the [hashpower]...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00842-00482492-00483176": "can potentially disrupt the transaction processing function of the network, for a short term.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00843-00483176-00483908": "However, they cannot steal funds from any of the users, re-direct funds from any of the [transactions].", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00844-00483908-00484288": "and they cannot invalidate transactions.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00845-00484288-00484985": "They can only delay the processing. It is not as big of a risk as most people believe it is.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00846-00484985-00485766": "Because of the market mechanisms behind it, we see again and again that it is a self-correcting system.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00847-00485766-00486752": "[DAVID TKACHUK] Just so I can understand whether it is a method of exchange or a currency...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00848-00486752-00487756": "If I have yen in Canada, I can't really buy anything. I must go to a bank and exchange it for [dollars].", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00849-00487756-00488497": "No one takes [yen here]. I must go exchange it for Canadian dollars so I can buy something.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00850-00488497-00489182": "It is the same in each country. And in each country, those [Canadian] dollars will have certain value.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00851-00489182-00489892": "Even though my Canadian dollar trades up and down compared to the U.S. dollar, as does everything else,", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00852-00489892-00490272": "I still deal in Canadian dollars.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00853-00490272-00491024": "It basically stays the same for Canadian products, unless it depends heavily on imports.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00854-00491026-00491793": "Does the virtual sphere itself have its own stability?", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00855-00491793-00492638": "In other words, when something is priced in  Europe for one bitcoin and I have one bitcoin,", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00856-00492638-00492943": "can I still buy that for one bitcoin even though...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00857-00492943-00493872": "the value of that bitcoin has changed in relation to the currency of my country, or the American dollar?", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00858-00493872-00494443": "[ANDREAS] The exchange rates between  bitcoin and individual currencies such as...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00859-00494443-00494772": "the euro, Canadian dollars, U.S. dollars, etc.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00860-00494772-00495450": "has sufficient liquidity that arbitrage is  possible between the various exchanges.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00861-00495450-00496078": "This means the purchasing power of one bitcoin is the same no matter what the national currency.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00862-00496078-00496366": "The fluctuations are minuscule because...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00863-00496366-00496746": "with any serious fluctuation, if I could buy bitcoin cheaper for Canadian dollars,", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00864-00496746-00497018": "then sell it more expensively for U.S. dollars,", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00865-00497018-00497414": "that creates an immediate opportunity for arbitrage between the two markets.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00866-00497414-00498088": "That's exactly what is happening. In many cases, arbitrage in bitcoin is even more effective because...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00867-00498088-00498593": "the bitcoin can be transferred between exchanges almost instantaneously and across borders.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00868-00498593-00499093": "In traditional financial markets, moving  money like that takes [quite] a bit longer.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00869-00499093-00499582": "The differences between national  currencies even out very quickly.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00870-00499582-00499734": "There are [few] fluctuations there.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00871-00499734-00500420": "My bitcoin purchasing power, while volatile overall, is the same across any national currency.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00872-00500420-00501139": "[DAVID TKACHUK] Can you see a time- Is that where we are heading, where people internationally...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00873-00501139-00501588": "price things in bitcoins?", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00874-00501588-00502347": "Things will be bought and sold in bitcoins, no matter what is happening underneath to national currencies?", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00875-00502347-00502896": "[Maybe] because you save so much money in exchange, and all the rest of it.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00876-00502896-00503342": "Is that where we are going, is that where we are heading?", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00877-00503342-00503920": "[ANDREAS] In the long-term, I believe bitcoin will be stable enough in terms of volatility that it will be...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00878-00503920-00504172": "possible to price things directly in bitcoin.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00879-00504172-00504808": "At that moment, bitcoin [would] become a universal currency in terms of its utility across the internet.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00880-00504808-00505230": "At least on the internet, that would make it  extremely competitive against national currencies,", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00881-00505230-00505639": "both in terms of ease-of-use and flexibility.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00882-00505639-00506385": "I would expect that to happen. However, I think we are several years away from the volatility [going down]...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00883-00506385-00506746": "[enough] such that things can be priced directly in bitcoin.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00884-00506746-00507220": "[DAVID TKACHUK] Okay. Could I have time for one more question?", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00885-00507220-00507597": "Bitcoin can be stored.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00886-00507597-00508152": "[For example], Senator Gerstein. I don't know where he keeps his bitcoin. Where does he keep this bitcoin?", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00887-00508152-00508960": "Do you keep it in your own wallet? Is it a virtual wallet where you keep your bitcoins?", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00888-00508960-00509210": "You can do that?", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00889-00509210-00509754": "[ANDREAS] This may be a tiny bit too technical, but I'll provide you with some some insight anyway.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00890-00509754-00510222": "The bitcoin are actually not stored by individuals. They are stored on the network, on the public ledger.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00891-00510222-00510514": "The public ledger knows who has [owns] what bitcoin.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00892-00510514-00511196": "What Senator Gerstein has are the keys  which allow him to sign for transactions,", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00893-00511196-00511462": "essentially signatory control over those funds.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00894-00511462-00511635": "[DAVID TKACHUK] The keys unlock it? [ANDREAS] To unlock them.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00895-00511635-00511980": "How you store the keys, depends. There are many ways to store the keys.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00896-00511980-00512650": "Effectively, they are just numbers. [To protect my keys], I actually print those out on pieces of paper,", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00897-00512650-00512814": "and put them in a physical medium.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00898-00512814-00513530": "I also have keys that control smaller amounts of bitcoin, spending change if you like, on my mobile phone.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00899-00513530-00514080": "I have some on my desktop. I have some  on hardware devices that I am trying out.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00900-00514080-00514388": "But the vast majority [of the keys] are  printed out as physical [paper] copies.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00901-00514388-00514830": "It is more secure. Those can't be hacked [remotely]. You would need to break into my house.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00902-00514830-00515728": "[DAVID TKACHUK] Companies, businesses will do multiple transactions, thousands or millions per day.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00903-00515730-00516902": "Can bitcoin adapt to that? Can you do payroll for a two hundred, five hundred, a thousand people with bitcoin?", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00904-00516902-00517502": "With deductions and all the rest of it? Or is it an issue? [ANDREAS] Not only can you do that...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00905-00517502-00517993": "[DAVID TKACHUK] People are doing it? [ANDREAS] A medium skilled programmer...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00906-00517993-00518892": "can do that with a few hundred lines of code, like in Python, accessing the [company wallet]...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00907-00518892-00519393": "and instructing it to do that, which is fascinating.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00908-00519393-00520158": "Not only that, but they could do it for transactions to a thousand people living in a hundred different countries,", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00909-00520158-00520526": "which is almost impossible to do with today's money.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00910-00520526-00521020": "So if you try to do payroll- There are many companies in the technology space [with that problem].", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00911-00521020-00521662": "For example, Google pays tens of thousands of affiliate companies for advertising revenue.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00912-00521662-00522314": "The cost for them to pay these companies that ad revenue across the world is enormous.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00913-00522314-00523030": "The possibility of automating that and using a single currency for electronic payments, it can be done.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00914-00523030-00523554": "It can be done extremely fast, efficiently and globally.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00915-00523554-00523906": "[DAVID TKACHUK] I like \"cheaply,\" too. [ANDREAS] And very cheaply.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00916-00523906-00524550": "[IRVING GERSTEIN] Senator Maltais, please.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00917-00524550-00524794": "[GHISLAIN MALTAIS] [Translated from French] Thank you, Mr. Chairman.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00918-00524794-00525262": "First a short comment and then some questions.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00919-00525262-00526020": "I agree with my colleague, Senator Campbell, when he said that people of a certain age might...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00920-00526020-00526490": "have some trouble trying this out.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00921-00526490-00527324": "We did have a machine and Chair generously bought $100 worth of bitcoin. He never told us about it.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00922-00527324-00528276": "I don't know what has become of it, whether there has been a loss, but of course that is not your problem.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00923-00528276-00529194": "You said that a user of bitcoin might be able to predict the monetary supply in the future.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00924-00529194-00530176": "For example, a user of bitcoin such as the Chair [could] predict what the monetary supply will be in 30 years.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00925-00530176-00531308": "It seems to me that the Minister of Finance probably should have made use of this for the next five years.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00926-00531308-00532060": "It certainly seems to me that if you are able to tell what the monetary supply will be in 30 years,", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00927-00532060-00532920": "then this is a very useful knowledge.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00928-00532920-00533752": "[ANDREAS] Because Bitcoin is designed to simulate the extraction of precious metals in its progression,", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00929-00533752-00534188": "it is entirely possible to predict, with very high accuracy,", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00930-00534188-00534676": "exactly how much currency will be available on the market at a specific period of time.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00931-00534676-00535244": "That doesn't necessarily mean that supply will meet the demand, or that it is the correct supply.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00932-00535244-00535524": "We just know what that supply will be.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00933-00535524-00536378": "Today, we can predict to a very high degree of accuracy what the supply of gold will be over the next year.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00934-00536378-00537322": "It has been extracted at a very predictable rate. It works similarly with bitcoin.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00935-00537322-00538094": "[GHISLAIN MALTAIS] On that particular point, I think any insurance company actuary,", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00936-00538094-00539000": "when they establish an annuity over a period of 30 years, are able to make a good prediction for the figures...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00937-00539000-00539316": "that will probably turn out to be quite realistic.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00938-00539316-00540016": "So they don't need Bitcoin in order to establish what the money supply will be in 30 years.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00939-00540016-00540414": "They are able to make an extrapolation. It is a very simple mathematical formula.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00940-00540414-00540730": "This can be done by an actuary.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00941-00540730-00541176": "But there is a question that I find quite puzzling.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00942-00541176-00542344": "Do you think that the Bitcoin system would  be a duplicate of the present banking system?", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00943-00542344-00542926": "The banks are able to adapt to any type of new technology.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00944-00542926-00543744": "The World Bank, when it comes to capital, are probably investing more in technological research...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00945-00543744-00544526": "on digital currency than Bitcoin could ever be.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00946-00544526-00545154": "[ANDREAS] Bitcoin, or rather the invention  behind Bitcoin, the blockchain technology,", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00947-00545154-00545892": "is an invention that will have a substantial  influence over the future of banking.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00948-00545892-00546654": "I have had several discussions with banks that are very interested in using similar systems...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00949-00546654-00547096": "in order to create more efficient networks within the banking system.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00950-00547096-00548450": "For example, clearing operations such as those for world-wide fund transfer, stock and equity purchases,", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00951-00548450-00548672": "are handled by intermediaries.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00952-00548672-00549020": "Bitcoin would allow banks to handle those...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00953-00549020-00549622": "in a decentralized network by simulating the same technology as Bitcoin on their own.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00954-00549622-00550230": "Furthermore, banks in the developing world are very interested in using bitcoin to extend services...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00955-00550230-00550524": "to areas where they can't deploy infrastructure.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00956-00550524-00551156": "Very similarly, at first telecommunications companies were somewhat threatened by the internet,", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00957-00551156-00551512": "but now run their networks on top of the internet.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00958-00551512-00552022": "Banks will eventually find ways to utilize this technology.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00959-00552022-00552678": "I would not be surprised if big parts of financial services systems eventually run on top of technology...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00960-00552678-00553162": "very similar to Bitcoin, perhaps Bitcoin itself.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00961-00553162-00553610": "[GHISLAIN MALTAIS] This leads me to ask you, then...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00962-00553610-00554272": "Do you not have the impression that you were swallowed up before you even came into existence?", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00963-00554272-00555010": "The banks will never ever let you have so much operating [room].", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00964-00555010-00555464": "I'm not just talking about Canadian or American banks, I'm talking about banks in all the world.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00965-00555464-00556198": "I don't think that the banks will let this go by without reacting.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00966-00556198-00556438": "I realize that this is quite successful.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00967-00556438-00557934": "Young people are very enthused about it, but I don't think banks will let themselves be dispossessed.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00968-00557934-00558698": "Bitcoin is not a solid organization; for the time being, it is simply a virtual one.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00969-00558698-00558908": "[ANDREAS] I remember the exact same discussion...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00970-00558908-00559540": "when the idea [was put forth that] the international telecommunications union would be thwarted...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00971-00559540-00559946": "or even somehow threatened by this  nascent technology called the internet.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00972-00559946-00560786": "That idea [seemed] ridiculous on its face; the idea that states would allow the internet to give people...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00973-00560786-00561096": "freedom of expression was preposterous.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00974-00561096-00561864": "The idea that the internet would be allowed  to subvert the will of despots around the world,", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00975-00561864-00562448": "and would not be instantly shut down whenever they felt it was threatening their authority,", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00976-00562448-00562558": "was preposterous.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00977-00562558-00562844": "And yet, all of these things have happened.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00978-00562844-00563906": "I believe that Bitcoin empowers individuals, especially individuals who do not even have access to banking.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00979-00563906-00564598": "It will create a thriving economy of its own, an economy that will not threaten banks,", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00980-00564598-00564870": "but will open new opportunities for banks.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00981-00564870-00565220": "In the end, just like the telecommunication companies,", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00982-00565222-00565970": "many of their old models and old profit  sources will be fundamentally disrupted.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00983-00565970-00566622": "Today, AT&T's long-distance network has been decimated. Skype has dominated that space.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00984-00566622-00567186": "Yet AT&T did not give up. They became one of the world's largest internet service providers.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00985-00567186-00567820": "Eventually, I believe that bitcoin [and bitcoin-like] currencies will decimate certain industries,", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00986-00567820-00568642": "especially high-profit, low-service industries such as remittances, which are exploitative in their nature.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00987-00568642-00569154": "They will open up new industries, new products, and new services.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00988-00569154-00569914": "Economic activity enabled by bringing together billions of people on a fully connected, global financial system.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00989-00569914-00570816": "[The benefits] will be so much bigger than the potential risk this may pose to the profits of incumbents.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00990-00570816-00571238": "[GHISLAIN MALTAIS] Thank you. [IRVING GERSTEIN] This concludes round one.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00991-00571238-00572014": "We will enter into round two. I have Senator Black, Senator Massicotte, and Senator Greene on my list.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00992-00572014-00572286": "Before turning it over to Senator Black...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00993-00572286-00573038": "In your comments -- which have been fascinating -- you made reference to one of the great motivators...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00994-00573038-00573520": "for you personally [becoming] involved in this, is the technology that will bring [financial services]", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00995-00573520-00574152": "to people who don't have it today, using the  [line] \"empowering billions around the world.\"", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00996-00574152-00575206": "If I am correct, I believe Mr. Gates, in his charitable giving in Africa, makes use of a digital currency called M-Pesa.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00997-00575206-00576536": "Could you just expand a little on what impact bitcoin, M-Pesa, digital currency in general, will have on Africa?", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00998-00576536-00577094": "[ANDREAS] Absolutely. M-Pesa is a fascinating study for those of us who are interested in digital currencies.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-00999-00577094-00577752": "It has shown what is possible when low-friction digital money is introduced into an environment...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01000-00577752-00577984": "without the need for massive infrastructure.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01001-00577984-00578352": "An environment that doesn't have well-developed banking services.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01002-00578352-00578550": "M-Pesa was started as an experiment...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01003-00578550-00579210": "that allowed individuals to transfer cellphone minutes amongst themselves and their families,", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01004-00579210-00579550": "through a telecom provider in Kenya.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01005-00579550-00580060": "I Imagine the moment this became a  currency was a very mundane moment.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01006-00580060-00580786": "Maybe a customer arrived at a store and realized they didn't have sufficient money to buy a dozen eggs.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01007-00580786-00581172": "Then asking, \"Well, can I give you a couple of cellphone minutes instead?\"", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01008-00581172-00581540": "With that simple concept, a currency is born.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01009-00581540-00582182": "What's fascinating about M-Pesa is, we roll forward just twelve years and M-Pesa is now responsible for...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01010-00582182-00582680": "40% of the GDP of Kenya, a staggering amount.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01011-00582680-00583838": "It represents the adoption of what was [previously] a largely underground, cash-based, illiquid economy...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01012-00583838-00584556": "that was very slow to operate, and turbocharging that by providing enormous liquidity and fluidity...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01013-00584556-00584870": "into the economic system.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01014-00584870-00585528": "At the moment, Bitcoin is not ready to be adopted easily on the most deployed platform in the world,", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01015-00585528-00586032": "which is a feature phone, the Nokia 1000, of which there exist billions.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01016-00586032-00586820": "It requires a bit more infrastructure than that, but gradually we see two trends converging:", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01017-00586820-00587170": "First, bitcoin is being applied on simpler and simpler technology.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01018-00587170-00587554": "We already see its use through SMS text messaging.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01019-00587554-00588224": "Second, the collapse in the cost of producing smart phones, with the Android approaching about $25.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01020-00588224-00588702": "There are already applications in the Bitcoin space that would allow a single Android phone to support...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01021-00588702-00589246": "thousands of simple SMS customers by giving them bitcoin wallets.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01022-00589246-00590008": "That would allow a young kid in Lagos, Nigeria to buy an Android smartphone and become a bank...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01023-00590008-00590628": "serving thousands of customers, giving them access to the equivalent of a Western Union terminal,", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01024-00590628-00591270": "a credit facility for buying loans, as well as  a trading facility for all of the world's markets.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01025-00591270-00591684": "This could be run off a simple Android  smartphone and SMS feature phones.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01026-00591684-00592256": "M-Pesa showed us that it is possible; Bitcoin makes that phenomenon global.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01027-00592256-00592882": "in talking about the unbanked, the World Bank estimates that 2.5 billion people are completely unbanked,", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01028-00592882-00593134": "living in cash-based societies.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01029-00593134-00593534": "However, that vastly underestimates the problem.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01030-00593534-00593948": "If you [compare with] the types of banking  facilities that we have in the western world,", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01031-00593948-00594520": "the ability I have to access a brokerage account [and pick from] any of the international markets,", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01032-00594520-00595406": "to convert any currency I want without controls, transmit money to any country in the world I want,", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01033-00595406-00595618": "and to use it as a simple consumer...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01034-00595618-00596052": "[That experience] is very far removed from what most people have.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01035-00596052-00596664": "If you look at the unbanked as those who have a single currency, closed account that doesn't have access...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01036-00596664-00596998": "to international markets, credit, or trading capabilities,", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01037-00596998-00597488": "more than six billion people in the world live with that kind of banking.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01038-00597488-00598228": "Two and a half billion are completely unbanked. Bitcoin can change that environment dramatically,", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01039-00598228-00598498": "in less than a decade.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01040-00598498-00599024": "[IRVING GERSTEIN] Thank you. Senator Black, to be followed by Senator Massicotte.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01041-00599024-00599434": "[DOUGLAS BLACK] Thank you very much,  Mr. Chairman. I would just like to thank you,", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01042-00599434-00599672": "again, for this contribution. It is extremely helpful.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01043-00599672-00600040": "I want to move to a couple of final points  that I want to have clear in my mind.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01044-00600040-00600738": "I want to take, from your comments, arising from what Senator Ringuette asked...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01045-00600738-00601286": "Through this hearing, we have been exploring the opportunity that may exist for Canada,", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01046-00601286-00601500": "for innovation if we get this right.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01047-00601500-00602112": "Can you succinctly tell us what you think that opportunity is?", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01048-00602112-00602452": "[ANDREAS] Well, I think there are two aspects.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01049-00602452-00603290": "One is the pure research and technology innovation capabilities that might exist in the Bitcoin sphere.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01050-00603290-00603786": "I like to emphasize is that bitcoin is not just money for the internet.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01051-00603786-00604162": "To look at it simply as money for the internet, is to miss the point.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01052-00604162-00604616": "Bitcoin is the internet of money. Currency is just the first application.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01053-00604616-00605246": "Currency is an app running on a decentralized trust network based on blockchain technology,", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01054-00605246-00605526": "which means many other apps will exist.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01055-00605526-00606268": "The bitcoin currency is almost the same as email was in the '90s. It enabled the growth of the internet.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01056-00606268-00606914": "It was the killer application that made it viable and worthwhile for people to get involved,", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01057-00606914-00607524": "but it couldn't possibly open our eyes to the  endless possibilities which came afterwards.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01058-00607524-00608240": "The web, we couldn't envision that in the  early '90s, or even Facebook and Twitter.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01059-00608240-00608542": "Bitcoin the currency is just the tip of the iceberg.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01060-00608542-00609254": "It is the proto-technology that will bring  this decentralized network to consumers.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01061-00609254-00609656": "But there will be other apps, and it is  already evolving at a tremendous rate.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01062-00609656-00610076": "From a pure research and innovation  perspective, I think it is incredible.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01063-00610076-00610540": "The other is to think about the possibilities  of extending banking services [to new areas].", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01064-00610540-00611316": "Even though Canada has a highly banked population, there are still pockets within this country.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01065-00611316-00612022": "I know that in the U.S., close to 18% of the population have no or very limited banking capabilities.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01066-00612022-00612400": "That is probably true of most developed nations.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01067-00612400-00612904": "There are pockets within this country where people have very little access to banks.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01068-00612904-00613548": "I think the combination of doing primary research and innovation in these new technologies,", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01069-00613548-00614344": "and opening banking to reach different corners of this country, disadvantaged parts of the population....", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01070-00614344-00615010": "That is a very potent combination, especially if we take advantage of the international aspects of this currency.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01071-00615010-00615386": "[DOUGLAS BLACK] Thank you very much.  One last question, if I may, Mr. Chairman.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01072-00615386-00615874": "How did New York State get it wrong?", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01073-00615874-00616474": "[ANDREAS] I think they got it wrong in many ways. First of all, by rushing to regulate very soon.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01074-00616474-00617478": "More importantly, by regulating Bitcoin in exactly the same way that the banking system currently operates,", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01075-00617478-00618202": "failing to see the distinctions between  Bitcoin and the current system.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01076-00618202-00618934": "The only analogy I can think of... if in proto-internet stage, the Federal Communications Commmission...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01077-00618934-00619534": "in the United States had decided the internet was simply a sophisticated form of citizens band (CB) radio...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01078-00619534-00619878": "and required a license for every website operator.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01079-00619878-00620662": "Such an outcome would have almost certainly destroyed the internet industry in the United States.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01080-00620662-00621008": "However, because of the enormous need for such a tool,", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01081-00621008-00621266": "it would not have affected the internet industry everywhere else.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01082-00621266-00621554": "It would have simply pushed that innovation elsewhere.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01083-00621554-00622272": "I think treating bitcoin as a proto-bank account with some fancy features is missing the point;", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01084-00622272-00623040": "to regulate it as such would completely stifle it, put it into the playing field of incumbents.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01085-00623040-00623338": "It ties up [Bitcoin companies] in the same kinds of regulations.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01086-00623338-00624222": "It would force them to behave more like a bank, when its unique characteristic is, it isn't a bank.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01087-00624222-00624422": "[DOUGLAS BLACK] Thank you very much.  Thank you, Mr. Chairman.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01088-00624422-00624816": "[IRVING GERSTEIN] Thank you. Senator Massicotte, to be followed by Senator Greene.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01089-00624816-00625050": "[PAUL MASSICOTTE] Thank you again.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01090-00625050-00625696": "One technical question, then a more important question. On a technical side, many countries and provinces...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01091-00625696-00625990": "have sales tax and a couple have income tax.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01092-00625990-00626470": "For the merchants using your currency, is there software [for that] already in place?", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01093-00626470-00627024": "I know from a dollar sense, cash registers  have become pretty sophisticated so that it is...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01094-00627024-00627384": "easy for them do the accounting to collect the sales tax.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01095-00627384-00627812": "[PAUL MASSICOTTE] Does that already exist?  [ANDREAS] Absolutely. In fact, it is easier with bitcoin.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01096-00627812-00628192": "The public ledger provides a complete  record of all of the transactions,", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01097-00628192-00628606": "as if all of my bank statements from the first moment I used bitcoin are online.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01098-00628606-00629142": "I rendered sales tax to the state of California for the business I ran, selling products via bitcoin.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01099-00629142-00629606": "I also pay my income taxes in U.S. dollars,  based on my income which is entirely in bitcoin.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01100-00629606-00629938": "I do all of my accounting using traditional accounting software.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01101-00629938-00630332": "[PAUL MASSICOTTE] And the software is in place to do the transfers and calculations immediately?", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01102-00630332-00630842": "[ANDREAS] Yes, although it is rather cumbersome at the moment. The modularities are quite different.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01103-00630842-00631528": "For example, in traditional banking I have  a handful of four or five different accounts.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01104-00631528-00631828": "In bitcoin, I have well over two thousand \"accounts.\"", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01105-00631828-00632264": "With bitcoin it makes sense to create a new account for every transaction.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01106-00632264-00632868": "Though they are not really an \"account.\" Therefore, if you try to put it into the same model, it is difficult.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01107-00632868-00633158": "However, the software is being developed.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01108-00633158-00633502": "[PAUL MASSICOTTE] Let me talk to you about- You basically answered the question, but...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01109-00633502-00634142": "The way I see it, this is a highly secure form of anonymous transfer for property.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01110-00634142-00634654": "You can call it currency, but you are using it now for a currency from a sense of bartering.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01111-00634654-00635290": "I presume, it seems to me that this could be very useful in many things, including exchange of [other] property.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01112-00635290-00635892": "Today, we have a bunch of lawyers or notaries who acknowledge the safe transfer of real-estate property.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01113-00635892-00636406": "But it seems to me this application could  be used very often in many different facets.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01114-00636406-00636962": "So let's [look] five years [ahead]. How do you see this technology being used to the benefit of our society?", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01115-00636962-00637164": "Give me some examples.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01116-00637164-00637818": "[ANDREAS] There are some very interesting  applications where the decentralized ledger...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01117-00637818-00638180": "is used as a public record, of sorts, for all kinds of [information].", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01118-00638180-00638678": "From registering bicycles, to automobiles, to company shares.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01119-00638678-00639258": "Two days ago, I was at a Bitcoin conference where a couple was married, and had their marriage...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01120-00639258-00639518": "registered on the blockchain for the first time.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01121-00639518-00640222": "They used the blockchain as a register of that contract. You could use it to register titles and deeds for property,", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01122-00640222-00640948": "and transfer those titles and deeds for any form of property, including vehicles and real-estate.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01123-00640948-00641396": "With a simple electronic transaction, you could transfer the deed to a car.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01124-00641396-00642210": "Even better and more importantly, the car could look up its own title and render itself usable to the new owner.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01125-00642210-00642572": "Automatically. This concept is called \"smart property,\"", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01126-00642572-00643022": "where the property recognizes its ownership through reference to the blockchain.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01127-00643022-00643500": "All forms of decentralized registration can be implemented with the blockchain.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01128-00643500-00644276": "Furthermore, you can issue share certificates or any other form of token, which can then be traded.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01129-00644276-00644966": "Sharing my bandwidth and receiving a token in return, which I can spend to use someone else's bandwidth,", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01130-00644966-00645770": "creating the possibilities for [more] sharing economy [services], similar to how we have AirBnb or Uber today.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01131-00645770-00646168": "We can do many of those things using digital tokens.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01132-00646168-00646610": "There is a company here in Toronto that  developed an application that allows you --", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01133-00646610-00647236": "upon submitting a transaction on the blockchain -- to unlock a door for an AirBnb apartment.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01134-00647236-00647672": "Your smartphone would make the payment  and then unlock the door to the apartment,", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01135-00647672-00647872": "and have access to that property.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01136-00647872-00648246": "[PAUL MASSICOTTE] It is amazing. A minor or secondary question...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01137-00648246-00648616": "I don't understand why they used the  blockchain for a couple getting married.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01138-00648616-00649258": "Is he scared to get mixed up with the wife?  [Laughter] What is the issue?", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01139-00649258-00650002": "[ANDREAS] So, it was largely symbolic and  a proof-of-concept. This couple was already married...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01140-00650002-00650218": "under traditional state laws.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01141-00650218-00651536": "However, they wanted a record of their marriage that was publicly accessible, unforgeable, unchangeable.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01142-00651536-00652534": "It provides a permanent record of what has happened, a history that is unalterable by anyone within an hour.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01143-00652534-00652894": "and will be preserved through time.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01144-00652894-00653334": "[PAUL MASSICOTTE] So the bedroom door does not open if it is the wrong person? [Laughter]", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01145-00653334-00653652": "Automatic accessing. [Laughter]", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01146-00653652-00653992": "[IRVING GERSTEIN] Our concluding  question from Senator Greene, please.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01147-00653992-00654148": "[STEPHEN GREENE] Thank you very much.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01148-00654148-00654902": "I take your point about the dangers of  inappropriate or premature regulation.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01149-00654902-00655540": "We don't know where this is heading, and the pace of change is [fast].", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01150-00655540-00656208": "I don't think we want to influence the pace of change or what it might lead to.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01151-00656208-00656682": "We must write a report which will have recommendations.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01152-00656682-00657326": "My question is, what would your reaction be to a report with just one recommendation,", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01153-00657326-00657664": "and that recommendation would be, 'there should be no regulations [at this time],'", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01154-00657664-00658454": "but we will re-visit this in five years?", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01155-00658454-00659116": "[ANDREAS] I think that would be a very good idea. I think there is some room for clarification.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01156-00659116-00659456": "For example, the tax status for individuals.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01157-00659456-00660046": "Or at least clarifying the right of an individual to make a choice in the currency they use as a consumer,", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01158-00660046-00660536": "and to affirm the legality of using digital  currencies in all forms of commerce...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01159-00660536-00660888": "as entirely equivalent with any other national currency.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01160-00660888-00661318": "Recognizing it is a private form of barter and transaction.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01161-00661318-00662080": "Recognizing the corresponding principles,  which I consider neutral principles, but they are also...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01162-00662080-00662752": "principles of the Enlightenment: freedom of association, freedom of expression and conscience.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01163-00662752-00663528": "I think removing ambiguity in that particular arena, for personal use, would be enormously useful.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01164-00663528-00663936": "[STEPHEN GREENE] I agree, thank you very much.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01165-00663936-00664638": "[IRVING GERSTEIN] Mr. Antonopoulos, your reputation preceded your arrival,", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01166-00664638-00665460": "You may recall that in my introductory remarks, I did not introduce you as 'a' Bitcoin guru.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01167-00665460-00665732": "but as the Bitcoin guru.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01168-00665732-00666002": "[ANDREAS] You humble me, Senator. [IRVING GERSTEIN] I think I could speak...", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01169-00666002-00666686": "on behalf of all members of the committee in saying that you have more than lived up to that reputation.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01170-00666686-00667508": "And we greatly appreciate- [Applause]  Thank you very much. This meeting is concluded.", "gDeEL6y4kW8-01171-00667508-00670554": "[Music]"}}]