[{"audio_id": "ijVSsmkFf4A", "text": {"ijVSsmkFf4A-00000-00000231-00001032": "hi friends today we are going to play a quiz on child development and pedagogy in english", "ijVSsmkFf4A-00001-00001032-00001792": "medium quiz number 16 the first question is asking the student who got first rank", "ijVSsmkFf4A-00002-00001792-00002560": "in the state to speak about his experience is called i think it's introspection method", "ijVSsmkFf4A-00003-00002808-00003408": "because examining the one horns thoughts and feelings", "ijVSsmkFf4A-00004-00003608-00004272": "is comes under introspection method okay next question the teacher cannot", "ijVSsmkFf4A-00005-00004272-00005016": "estimate the following by studying developmental principles i think optional", "ijVSsmkFf4A-00006-00005232-00006008": "we will learn we will read options also learning readiness of the children capacities", "ijVSsmkFf4A-00007-00006008-00006431": "of the children socioeconomic background of the children individual differences in the", "ijVSsmkFf4A-00008-00006431-00007208": "children i think option number two we are wrong the right option is social economic", "ijVSsmkFf4A-00009-00007208-00007759": "background of the children we cannot estimate by studying the developmental principles", "ijVSsmkFf4A-00010-00007944-00008512": "i think studying of developmental principles means we only study about the developmental", "ijVSsmkFf4A-00011-00008512-00009056": "principles but we cannot estimate the socio-economic backgrounds of the children", "ijVSsmkFf4A-00012-00009248-00009984": "and the third question is during child development this stage is called a period of exploration", "ijVSsmkFf4A-00013-00010040-00011096": "exploration period means it comes under early childhood in early childhood the children is more", "ijVSsmkFf4A-00014-00011096-00012024": "excited to explore any things you have you're right next question fourth question the important", "ijVSsmkFf4A-00015-00012104-00012800": "physical factors that affects the person's personality", "ijVSsmkFf4A-00016-00012800-00013319": "first option attitudes internal characteristics external characteristics and", "ijVSsmkFf4A-00017-00013519-00014463": "endocrine language glands okay fourth option is a physical factor that affects personality of a", "ijVSsmkFf4A-00018-00014463-00015584": "person glands yeah next question fifth question okay five out of ten we have", "ijVSsmkFf4A-00019-00015640-00016488": "a student know the answers to both questions given in the examination but only one has to be answered", "ijVSsmkFf4A-00020-00016600-00017120": "the conflict faced by the students in this situation", "ijVSsmkFf4A-00021-00017352-00018104": "i think once again we will read the question a student now the answers to both questions given", "ijVSsmkFf4A-00022-00018104-00019016": "in the examination he knows the both answers but only he have to answer any one question so he is", "ijVSsmkFf4A-00023-00019112-00019832": "this approach is called approach and approach yeah because he know the answers for both questions", "ijVSsmkFf4A-00024-00019960-00020688": "but he can't able to answer because there is even rules and regulations to answer any one question", "ijVSsmkFf4A-00025-00020688-00021360": "anyone answer only so this is the conflict faced by the student is called approach and approach", "ijVSsmkFf4A-00026-00021536-00022280": "in the next sixth question it's a student's chronological age is eight eight years", "ijVSsmkFf4A-00027-00022280-00023192": "and the mentality is ten years his iq is called okay once we will go for the iq formula okay", "ijVSsmkFf4A-00028-00023280-00024240": "in this iq formula we will open the calculator mental age by chronological age into 100 mental", "ijVSsmkFf4A-00029-00024240-00025344": "age is given in the question 10 and divided by chronological age is 8 and into 100 okay", "ijVSsmkFf4A-00030-00025344-00026295": "we have got the answer 125 and we will choose 125 answer okay option mental age by chronological age", "ijVSsmkFf4A-00031-00026295-00026960": "into 100 mental age is 10 okay chronologically age is eight", "ijVSsmkFf4A-00032-00027016-00027952": "mental age by chronological age into 100 125 okay right answer next the author of the book heredity", "ijVSsmkFf4A-00033-00028080-00028872": "genius you know we will find through google okay a heredity genius book is written by", "ijVSsmkFf4A-00034-00028936-00029904": "francis galton okay francis colton okay right answer next a child wants to copy in the exams", "ijVSsmkFf4A-00035-00029960-00030816": "but he hasn't done it as copying is immoral the child's stage of morality in this case is", "ijVSsmkFf4A-00036-00030888-00031176": "okay this question came from theory of moral development", "ijVSsmkFf4A-00037-00031424-00032368": "written by colebrook i think yeah level three level three post conventional", "ijVSsmkFf4A-00038-00032368-00033352": "morality level 3 stage 5 social contact or legislative orientation doing what is right", "ijVSsmkFf4A-00039-00033352-00034544": "even if it is against the law because the law is to restrict you okay you will go for fifth state", "ijVSsmkFf4A-00040-00034824-00035384": "and there are six say six stages in model development we will go for the fifth stage okay", "ijVSsmkFf4A-00041-00035472-00036432": "post conventional level next question teaching aptitude test okay it's in use isn't it also okay", "ijVSsmkFf4A-00042-00036432-00037488": "it is mean to access the following aptitude means holistic occasional aesthetic and interpersonal", "ijVSsmkFf4A-00043-00037608-00038368": "okay occasional because teaching okay next question a girl wanted", "ijVSsmkFf4A-00044-00038368-00039312": "to go for the higher studies but due to family customs her parents did not agree to send her", "ijVSsmkFf4A-00045-00039312-00040216": "to another place for studies the obstacle faced by the girl this is also one type of clone conflict", "ijVSsmkFf4A-00046-00040216-00040752": "and she's interested to go for the higher studies but their family members and parents did not", "ijVSsmkFf4A-00047-00040752-00041512": "agree to send her to another city or another place okay we will read the options social", "ijVSsmkFf4A-00048-00041584-00042472": "environment obstacle and second option mental obstacle and physical environment obstacle and", "ijVSsmkFf4A-00049-00042472-00043120": "physical obstacle okay we will uh answer this question through elimination method okay first", "ijVSsmkFf4A-00050-00043120-00043824": "we will eliminate the mental obstacle the option number two and the fourth option the physical", "ijVSsmkFf4A-00051-00043824-00044696": "obstacle we will eliminate the both options and i think the answer is based on environment is a", "ijVSsmkFf4A-00052-00044696-00045656": "social environment or physical environment we will go for the social environment okay fourth option", "ijVSsmkFf4A-00053-00045744-00046576": "is right the obstacle faced by the girl is social environment obstacle next we will see the result", "ijVSsmkFf4A-00054-00046688-00047368": "your 90 percent we have got the answers the link is in description you also can pay play the quiz", "ijVSsmkFf4A-00055-00047504-00048144": "free of cost and don't go for the duplicate links and i will copy this", "ijVSsmkFf4A-00056-00048224-00049184": "quiz link and i will paste in the description okay copy thank you for watching"}}, {"audio_id": "ijY4oU0NfaI", "text": {"ijY4oU0NfaI-00000-00000000-00000200": "HI EVERYONE", "ijY4oU0NfaI-00001-00000200-00005237": "this is bank nifty 1 minute chart, 11.16am sell call generated so red color candle appeared", "ijY4oU0NfaI-00002-00005237-00008587": "red color candle sell trend buy trend green color candle", "ijY4oU0NfaI-00003-00008587-00012440": "Anyone can trade by just watching this chart", "ijY4oU0NfaI-00004-00012440-00014609": "100 point profit given in single candle", "ijY4oU0NfaI-00005-00014609-00017374": "bank nifty 39000 PE Put option", "ijY4oU0NfaI-00006-00017374-00019689": "For chart subscription details Whatsapp - 9488462166"}}, {"audio_id": "ikXE-7XrOmY", "text": {"ikXE-7XrOmY-00000-00000072-00000672": "eight niche market examples with untapped business potential updated", "ikXE-7XrOmY-00001-00000672-00001016": "hey guys have you ever heard of saying jack of all trades master of none", "ikXE-7XrOmY-00002-00001080-00001488": "well that's what happens if you don't have a good niche okay you're not good at any of them", "ikXE-7XrOmY-00003-00001488-00001992": "so you really need to master one thing and in this video i'm going to show you eight niches", "ikXE-7XrOmY-00004-00001992-00002592": "that you have got to check out because there's so much money to be made and it's not that hard to do", "ikXE-7XrOmY-00005-00002592-00002944": "at the end of this video you're going to have that information you're going to have the ability", "ikXE-7XrOmY-00006-00002944-00003376": "to attack one of those markets and make a bunch of money so let's get going hey if you haven't", "ikXE-7XrOmY-00007-00003376-00003752": "subscribed so far make sure you hit that subscribe button down there don't forget to do that", "ikXE-7XrOmY-00008-00003752-00004152": "turn it from red to gray and don't forget to ring the bell turn on all bell notifications so you're", "ikXE-7XrOmY-00009-00004152-00004656": "notified each and every time i do a new video or i go live don't forget to give me a thumbs up in", "ikXE-7XrOmY-00010-00004656-00005056": "this video okay it helps the algorithm i would really appreciate it so let's check them out", "ikXE-7XrOmY-00011-00005056-00005520": "what are these eight niches okay i'm excited to share them with you before we get too deep into", "ikXE-7XrOmY-00012-00005520-00005976": "this though let's talk about what a niche is okay i don't want to not define that before i", "ikXE-7XrOmY-00013-00005976-00006480": "give you a niche and you don't know what it is a niche is nothing more than a particular market an", "ikXE-7XrOmY-00014-00006480-00007288": "area of interest okay so each niche can be broken down into more and more different categories okay", "ikXE-7XrOmY-00015-00007288-00007968": "so let's say you were selling shoes okay so that's that's that's a really broad nice shoes okay and", "ikXE-7XrOmY-00016-00007968-00008544": "then you break it down to women okay so we break it down to women and then we break it down to", "ikXE-7XrOmY-00017-00008544-00009064": "women who do athletic type things so now we're talking about athletic shoes", "ikXE-7XrOmY-00018-00009128-00009712": "so we could break it down even further and say women who have athletic shoes who are between the", "ikXE-7XrOmY-00019-00009712-00010272": "age of 18 and 24 because that style is going to be a lot more different than a 65 year old woman", "ikXE-7XrOmY-00020-00010272-00010744": "who's into athletics okay so what we want to do is keep breaking down that niche to where it's very", "ikXE-7XrOmY-00021-00010744-00011168": "specific and that way you're going to call out those customers and you're going to get more sales", "ikXE-7XrOmY-00022-00011168-00011888": "the first category is conscious customers now according to a survey done by ibm 6 out of 10", "ikXE-7XrOmY-00023-00011888-00012456": "consumers said they would change their spending habits based on their conscious consumerism and", "ikXE-7XrOmY-00024-00012456-00012912": "what does that mean that means that maybe they want to go vegan maybe they want to go without", "ikXE-7XrOmY-00025-00012912-00013447": "chemicals in their household and use all natural maybe they're into all organic but these conscious", "ikXE-7XrOmY-00026-00013447-00014040": "consumers are a huge niche in the market right now and what i'd like to do is show you a few examples", "ikXE-7XrOmY-00027-00014040-00014463": "now of companies that are going after that niche let's check out the first one here which is", "ikXE-7XrOmY-00028-00014463-00015080": "bees wrap okay they're looking to replace plastic wrap with options made from beeswax", "ikXE-7XrOmY-00029-00015080-00015608": "this is a natural alternative to food storage and it's not only environmentally friendly but it's", "ikXE-7XrOmY-00030-00015608-00016096": "also more cost effective for consumers because it's reusable they can use it over and over again", "ikXE-7XrOmY-00031-00016176-00016696": "more niche products ideas would be like reusable drinking straws cruelty free cosmetics", "ikXE-7XrOmY-00032-00016696-00017376": "a vegan friendly apparel and products of the same vegan friendly apparel and other like products", "ikXE-7XrOmY-00033-00017376-00018024": "let's check out our next category now number two is health and wellness now this is a category", "ikXE-7XrOmY-00034-00018024-00018528": "that's been big forever i mean it's been big forever but it's even gotten bigger so let's check", "ikXE-7XrOmY-00035-00018528-00019568": "it out now in 2020 health and wellness reached a 3.31 trillion dollar sales which is huge but if", "ikXE-7XrOmY-00036-00019568-00020048": "you think about it in 2020 you know some things happened there there were people that were a", "ikXE-7XrOmY-00037-00020048-00020528": "little concerned about germs and health and their wellness and all that but it also goes into their", "ikXE-7XrOmY-00038-00020528-00020976": "spirituality too so let's check out an example of somebody who has targeted this health and", "ikXE-7XrOmY-00039-00020976-00021448": "wellness and what they did we're going to look at happiness abscess let's go check it out now okay", "ikXE-7XrOmY-00040-00021448-00021912": "so they found their place in health and wellness niche through selling scents its products contain", "ikXE-7XrOmY-00041-00021912-00022464": "specific combination of scents that improve your state of well-being and happiness each scent", "ikXE-7XrOmY-00042-00022464-00023328": "is developed by a neurologist wow and packaged in a soap tin candle or perfume customers can", "ikXE-7XrOmY-00043-00023328-00023912": "enjoy anytime they need a lift okay pretty cool stuff the product opportunities of this niche are", "ikXE-7XrOmY-00044-00023912-00024600": "endless food and beverage and personal beauty skin care immunity digital products like ebooks recipes", "ikXE-7XrOmY-00045-00024600-00025016": "even though you don't have to be an expert to start a business in this niche it's really", "ikXE-7XrOmY-00046-00025016-00025464": "a good idea to team up with a professional to develop safe products for your consumers", "ikXE-7XrOmY-00047-00025464-00026168": "there's everything from melatonin infused gummies to you know mushroom infused coffees to all kinds", "ikXE-7XrOmY-00048-00026168-00026760": "of stuff that work in this niche number three pet owners oh my gosh pet owners my wife has", "ikXE-7XrOmY-00049-00026760-00027272": "a channel on youtube you can check it out it's the furry family coach but her name is jessica", "ikXE-7XrOmY-00050-00027272-00028016": "elfisher so you can check that out but the pet area is huge guys in 2020 alone there was 99", "ikXE-7XrOmY-00051-00028016-00028632": "billion dollars sold for pet owners uh that's a huge market and it's growing and growing growing", "ikXE-7XrOmY-00052-00028632-00029120": "and the way we actually look at our animals now and the way we did 20 30 50 years ago", "ikXE-7XrOmY-00053-00029120-00029552": "is hugely different they are family members now they are family members to almost all of us", "ikXE-7XrOmY-00054-00029552-00030016": "we look at them differently in the united states not so much in third world countries but in the", "ikXE-7XrOmY-00055-00030016-00030512": "us we've kind of figured that out that they're probably one of the most helpful things for our", "ikXE-7XrOmY-00056-00030512-00031056": "health and wellness and mental stability is to have a good animal around so we want to take care", "ikXE-7XrOmY-00057-00031056-00031527": "of them and we want to treat them like a family member now check out this site only natural pet", "ikXE-7XrOmY-00058-00031583-00032152": "only natural pet is a great niche business example of this market it sells everything", "ikXE-7XrOmY-00059-00032152-00032752": "including natural food flea and tick repellent outdoor gear toys beds and much more a pet owner", "ikXE-7XrOmY-00060-00032752-00033440": "can come into its website and find anything they need for their pup while most people own fish or", "ikXE-7XrOmY-00061-00033440-00034072": "dogs or cats there's also unique pets like horses lizards turtles even chickens each come with their", "ikXE-7XrOmY-00062-00034072-00034544": "own potential opportunities and keep in mind there's also a lot of ancillary products like", "ikXE-7XrOmY-00063-00034640-00035008": "pet cameras to check on your animals i know we have them to check on our animals", "ikXE-7XrOmY-00064-00035008-00035512": "photos that are customizable to t-shirts and hats and the such uh organic food for your pet there's", "ikXE-7XrOmY-00065-00035512-00036112": "so many areas that you could sell in the pet arena number four travelers travelers are huge wasn't so", "ikXE-7XrOmY-00066-00036112-00036680": "much in 2020 however now it's coming back and it's coming back real strong and people are looking for", "ikXE-7XrOmY-00067-00036680-00037232": "more economical ways to travel something that doesn't use up as much energy that type of thing", "ikXE-7XrOmY-00068-00037232-00037680": "but travel industry is huge right now guys and there's so many ancillary products you can sell to", "ikXE-7XrOmY-00069-00037680-00038152": "this industry let's check out this site now called nomadic let's run over there real quick it's a", "ikXE-7XrOmY-00070-00038152-00038576": "luggage brand geared towards travelers especially digital nomads which i know a bunch of those", "ikXE-7XrOmY-00071-00038576-00039304": "people who prioritize functionality you can see this audience focus represented across the entire", "ikXE-7XrOmY-00072-00039304-00039776": "business from its product to its copywriting there's all kinds of products including say", "ikXE-7XrOmY-00073-00039776-00040328": "smartphone accessories and technology that help you be more productive while on the road", "ikXE-7XrOmY-00074-00040328-00040648": "athletic clothing that's more comfortable i know when i was a kid it was a big thing", "ikXE-7XrOmY-00075-00040648-00041032": "if somebody went on a flight they got all dressed up to go on a flight that's not the case anymore", "ikXE-7XrOmY-00076-00041032-00041528": "okay people want to be more comfortable they even have things like scratch maps for people to keep", "ikXE-7XrOmY-00077-00041528-00041944": "track of all the places that they've visited so there's a lot of different products you could sell", "ikXE-7XrOmY-00078-00041944-00042480": "to this market the next category i want to talk about is home owners this category has changed", "ikXE-7XrOmY-00079-00042480-00043008": "dramatically over the years it's not what it used to be but it creates a heck of an opportunity for", "ikXE-7XrOmY-00080-00043008-00043376": "somebody who wants to make some money now as you can see from this chart right here", "ikXE-7XrOmY-00081-00043448-00043904": "home ownership's been all over the place it looks like its peak was in 2005", "ikXE-7XrOmY-00082-00043904-00044432": "uh and that was right before the 2008 bubble right where everybody lost their home and then it was at", "ikXE-7XrOmY-00083-00044432-00045104": "its low it looks like around 200 2015 2016 but you can see the increase now the definition of", "ikXE-7XrOmY-00084-00045104-00045600": "being a homeowner is also changing homes are increasingly turned into investment properties", "ikXE-7XrOmY-00085-00045600-00046248": "or shared spaces that generate additional passive income thanks to companies like airbnb or vrbo", "ikXE-7XrOmY-00086-00046320-00046936": "that paved a way for august to launch its own line of keyless entry and home security products", "ikXE-7XrOmY-00087-00046936-00047488": "for homeowners one of the main features is guest access allowing host to grant access to renters", "ikXE-7XrOmY-00088-00047488-00048112": "for specified time periods so here's their site right here here's their site right here august and", "ikXE-7XrOmY-00089-00048112-00048768": "it has an explanation of how their product works it says smart locks are an upgrade to existing", "ikXE-7XrOmY-00090-00048768-00049376": "door lock and have added features such as keyless entry guest access and automatic lock and unlock", "ikXE-7XrOmY-00091-00049376-00049896": "features now there's so many other products you can sell to homeowners it can be security cameras", "ikXE-7XrOmY-00092-00049896-00050488": "it could be no drill blinds that go into a home to customize it all kinds of things that people are", "ikXE-7XrOmY-00093-00050488-00050952": "using maybe to rent out their home where they didn't do that before so this is also a huge", "ikXE-7XrOmY-00094-00050952-00051424": "market the next area i want to tell you about is work from home work from home is amazing i'm able", "ikXE-7XrOmY-00095-00051424-00052040": "to do it my wife's able to do it and when polled 80 of companies said that they are going to let", "ikXE-7XrOmY-00096-00052040-00052591": "their employees work from home at least part of the time and a lot of those companies said 47", "ikXE-7XrOmY-00097-00052591-00053064": "percent that said that full time they could work from home because they understand it's actually to", "ikXE-7XrOmY-00098-00053064-00053496": "their benefit if they can get the same work done they don't have to supply a desk and a computer", "ikXE-7XrOmY-00099-00053496-00053967": "and lighting and air conditioning and all those things an office rental for an employee they're", "ikXE-7XrOmY-00100-00053967-00054528": "going to actually save money now this next site is pretty cool because i work in coffee shops and i'm", "ikXE-7XrOmY-00101-00054528-00054944": "always out in them you know working on my computer and so forth but this place here took it a step", "ikXE-7XrOmY-00102-00054944-00055352": "further this is called freelancer at work and it's an example of a company serving this niche", "ikXE-7XrOmY-00103-00055352-00055944": "market of freelancers with products that can help attract potential clients they sell laptop decals", "ikXE-7XrOmY-00104-00055944-00056552": "that advertise what you do wherever you choose to work from that's a pretty cool idea keeping these", "ikXE-7XrOmY-00105-00056552-00057152": "remote workers motivations and lifestyles in mind can help you identify product ideas and help them", "ikXE-7XrOmY-00106-00057208-00057688": "and the companies that employ them achieve their goals now there's so many other products they", "ikXE-7XrOmY-00107-00057688-00058167": "could be you know toys for your desk right they could be stuff like that they could be decor for", "ikXE-7XrOmY-00108-00058167-00058664": "the home they could be supplies that help you work in a coffee shop maybe it's a stand for", "ikXE-7XrOmY-00109-00058664-00059160": "the computer or your phone or whatever there's so many different items you can sell to these people", "ikXE-7XrOmY-00110-00059160-00059760": "who actually work from home or a coffee shop the next category is locals yeah locals a lot of big", "ikXE-7XrOmY-00111-00059760-00060296": "businesses are actually focusing on locals now people who are self-identifying in their town", "ikXE-7XrOmY-00112-00060296-00060855": "now i know we're moving to taxes soon and we're going to be at austin austin's a huge tech town", "ikXE-7XrOmY-00113-00060855-00061488": "and people want to identify all kinds of sayings on hats and shirts and you know whatever posters", "ikXE-7XrOmY-00114-00061488-00061984": "uh wall hangings that have to do with austin are hugely popular so are they for san diego", "ikXE-7XrOmY-00115-00061984-00062560": "and los angeles people are actually wanting to self-identify with their town now so you can sell", "ikXE-7XrOmY-00116-00062560-00063055": "products for locals now here's another cool thing a lot of people may not live in the town they want", "ikXE-7XrOmY-00117-00063055-00063536": "to live in but they want to represent that town so you can sell to them too and number eight the", "ikXE-7XrOmY-00118-00063536-00064176": "last one i want to tell you about is people who are self-sufficient self-sufficient people now we", "ikXE-7XrOmY-00119-00064176-00064824": "own a company called survival cave food been in existence for over 10 years and we certainly do", "ikXE-7XrOmY-00120-00064824-00065248": "sell to people who want to be self-sufficient we sell survival food and those people want to have", "ikXE-7XrOmY-00121-00065248-00065712": "food in case an emergency comes up they have a food supply and they don't have to worry about", "ikXE-7XrOmY-00122-00065712-00066136": "it that's another area that you could get into and hey if you want to sell survival cave food check", "ikXE-7XrOmY-00123-00066136-00066768": "out our site right there survivalcave food and you could maybe become a retailer of our products too", "ikXE-7XrOmY-00124-00066768-00067192": "so there you have it eight niches that you can make a lot of money in", "ikXE-7XrOmY-00125-00067192-00067664": "starting right now i hope you enjoyed this video if you got something out of it give me a comment", "ikXE-7XrOmY-00126-00067664-00068016": "below let me know what you thought of it maybe you have a question about starting your business", "ikXE-7XrOmY-00127-00068016-00068440": "i've sold millions of dollars in both digital and physical products online i'll be happy to", "ikXE-7XrOmY-00128-00068440-00068840": "help you out and answer any questions you may have or maybe you had some success that you just", "ikXE-7XrOmY-00129-00068840-00069256": "want to tell the rest of us about we would love to hear it put it in that comment section below", "ikXE-7XrOmY-00130-00069256-00069632": "thank you so much for watching this video don't forget to subscribe hit that big subscribe", "ikXE-7XrOmY-00131-00069632-00070120": "button down there don't forget to what ring the bell turn on all bell notifications so you're", "ikXE-7XrOmY-00132-00070120-00070560": "notified each and every time i do a new video and upload it or i go live which i do often", "ikXE-7XrOmY-00133-00070560-00070992": "give me a thumbs up if you don't mind it really helps the youtube algorithm and i also i have", "ikXE-7XrOmY-00134-00070992-00071568": "a prize for you and that prize is a course below it's a 97 value course you can get absolutely free", "ikXE-7XrOmY-00135-00071568-00072032": "for a limited time so hurry up and do it there's a link below you can grab that any of the things", "ikXE-7XrOmY-00136-00072032-00072456": "i talk about in this video i have links below so you can also check those out thank you so much for", "ikXE-7XrOmY-00137-00072456-00073040": "watching this video and i'll see you in the next one hey thanks for watching my video don't forget", "ikXE-7XrOmY-00138-00073040-00073624": "to subscribe to my channel and click that little bell right here so you can be notified every time", "ikXE-7XrOmY-00139-00073624-00074384": "i do a new video also click on one of those videos there keep watching on my channel", "ikXE-7XrOmY-00140-00074680-00074730": "you"}}, {"audio_id": "ilduD_LuQSY", "text": {"ilduD_LuQSY-00000-00000000-00004350": "music"}}, {"audio_id": "ilTf4YL6srk", "text": {"ilTf4YL6srk-00000-00085902-00086102": "hi"}}, {"audio_id": "infPmDpAKNc", "text": {"infPmDpAKNc-00000-00000416-00000736": "There's one thing I really like about US legislation.", "infPmDpAKNc-00001-00000736-00001379": "It start out with: \"This is the purpose of why we drafted this legislation\"", "infPmDpAKNc-00002-00001380-00001993": "That is almost never in legislation that we do federally or provincially in Canada.", "infPmDpAKNc-00003-00001993-00002579": "One of the problems we have I think in Canada is that we never actually had an innovation policy.", "infPmDpAKNc-00004-00002580-00003166": "Get the individuals who would be doing it involved in the decision making.", "infPmDpAKNc-00005-00003166-00003773": "So, get those scientists at the meetings, get the private sectors at the meetings.", "infPmDpAKNc-00006-00003773-00004456": "So we set great lofty public policy goals, but we don't follow through with the execution and it's the execution that matters.", "infPmDpAKNc-00007-00004456-00005213": "To make sure that we are going in the direction we originally intended, and if the world suddenly changed, that we'll maybe account for that and fix the policy on the fly."}}, {"audio_id": "inxyuuJuoTQ", "text": {"inxyuuJuoTQ-00000-00000466-00000752": "What means solidarity to you?", "inxyuuJuoTQ-00001-00000780-00001410": "I believe solidarity starts on the small scale, in the familly, at the workplace.", "inxyuuJuoTQ-00002-00001410-00001986": "At the moment, we perceive solidarity is necessary on the big scale, too.", "inxyuuJuoTQ-00003-00001988-00002536": "For people who left everything behind and are coming to us, looking for shelter.", "inxyuuJuoTQ-00004-00002536-00002684": "To me this is solidarity.", "inxyuuJuoTQ-00005-00002700-00003026": "Keeping everything in sight", "inxyuuJuoTQ-00006-00003026-00003392": "and preferably not thinking about yourself only.", "inxyuuJuoTQ-00007-00003429-00003906": "Offering one's assistance.", "inxyuuJuoTQ-00008-00003946-00004456": "Being concerned with and accepting other people.", "inxyuuJuoTQ-00009-00004478-00004720": "How can you show solidarity towards other people?", "inxyuuJuoTQ-00010-00004762-00005220": "You can help by giving refugees lessons in German or by donating for charity.", "inxyuuJuoTQ-00011-00005270-00005492": "Or just by giving a hand yourself.", "inxyuuJuoTQ-00012-00005506-00005706": "Schooling, language lessons.", "inxyuuJuoTQ-00013-00005722-00006078": "We must stop identifying those people as foreigners or strangers", "inxyuuJuoTQ-00014-00006078-00006468": "and start identifying them as human beings that are coming here.", "inxyuuJuoTQ-00015-00006484-00007168": "And we must get to know them in person instead of just hearing from them on the internet or the news.", "inxyuuJuoTQ-00016-00007168-00007504": "Connect actively, no matter how.", "inxyuuJuoTQ-00017-00007530-00008048": "Many people who come here are traumatized, and we must try to allay their fears", "inxyuuJuoTQ-00018-00008048-00008382": "and to show them that they are welcome here.", "inxyuuJuoTQ-00019-00008422-00008686": "What are possible limits to solidarity?", "inxyuuJuoTQ-00020-00008720-00008998": "Basically I am quite open.", "inxyuuJuoTQ-00021-00008998-00009528": "There's different kinds of people, and it's the same here.", "inxyuuJuoTQ-00022-00009528-00009870": "So no, I do not have any reservations whatsoever.", "inxyuuJuoTQ-00023-00009890-00010140": "I can't see any limits to solidarity, quite the contrary:", "inxyuuJuoTQ-00024-00010140-00010690": "We must see how the municipalities can be reconditioned", "inxyuuJuoTQ-00025-00010690-00011010": "in order to find appropriate accommodation.", "inxyuuJuoTQ-00026-00011050-00011230": "Sure there are limits --", "inxyuuJuoTQ-00027-00011240-00011440": "but where?", "inxyuuJuoTQ-00028-00011650-00012436": "Maybe when I get the feeling that my willingness to help is being abused."}}, {"audio_id": "ine-yCi_VJY", "text": {"ine-yCi_VJY-00000-00000000-00000270": "Joe the Puppet: So, you drag (bleeped) all the way across your face", "ine-yCi_VJY-00001-00000270-00000420": "To see what?", "ine-yCi_VJY-00002-00000420-00000570": "Mutant Enemy: Just in time, Este.", "ine-yCi_VJY-00003-00000869-00001203": "*Welcome to Middle of Nowhere*", "ine-yCi_VJY-00004-00001203-00001386": "Joe: Just tell me, ME.", "ine-yCi_VJY-00005-00001386-00001603": "Mutant Enemy: If I tell you, you won't believe this, Este, I swear.", "ine-yCi_VJY-00006-00001603-00001720": "Joe: (Groans) Ok.", "ine-yCi_VJY-00007-00002100-00002270": "Mutant Enemy: JOE!", "ine-yCi_VJY-00008-00002270-00002453": "Take a good hard look over there.", "ine-yCi_VJY-00009-00002520-00002653": "Joe: I don't see anything.", "ine-yCi_VJY-00010-00002653-00002753": "Mutant Enemy: Just watch, homie.", "ine-yCi_VJY-00011-00002853-00002986": "Who do you see, hoes?", "ine-yCi_VJY-00012-00002986-00003086": "Joe: NOBODY!", "ine-yCi_VJY-00013-00003086-00003220": "Mutant Enemy: Chill the (bleeped) out!", "ine-yCi_VJY-00014-00003770-00004036": "Joe: Just... Just (bleeped) tell me, please!", "ine-yCi_VJY-00015-00004036-00004120": "Nope.avi", "ine-yCi_VJY-00016-00004120-00004320": "Joe: Motherfu-", "ine-yCi_VJY-00017-00004320-00004420": "Whitty: What the hell?!", "ine-yCi_VJY-00018-00004420-00004536": "Mutant Enemy: You made it!", "ine-yCi_VJY-00019-00004703-00005036": "Evil Dashie: I ain't about to get beaten to death by some angry patrol car.", "ine-yCi_VJY-00020-00005036-00005153": "Are you sure about that?", "ine-yCi_VJY-00021-00005153-00005220": "What?!", "ine-yCi_VJY-00022-00005220-00005453": "Countach: Gotcha, b**ch!"}}, {"audio_id": "inNRihjIZnI", "text": {"inNRihjIZnI-00000-00001191-00001786": "this is ATT 1170 use psychological foundations and its technology", "inNRihjIZnI-00001-00001786-00002252": "my 25 you 551 series learning", "inNRihjIZnI-00002-00002252-00002594": "this clip will provide you with a historical overview of three schools", "inNRihjIZnI-00003-00002594-00002936": "learning classical conditioning pavlov", "inNRihjIZnI-00004-00002936-00003260": "operant conditioning BF skinner and", "inNRihjIZnI-00005-00003260-00003688": "observational learning Albert Wenger as you review", "inNRihjIZnI-00006-00003688-00004002": "learning theories begin to consider might apply", "inNRihjIZnI-00007-00004002-00004379": "individual situations these may be online learning", "inNRihjIZnI-00008-00004379-00004785": "online gaming social communities or even online addictions", "inNRihjIZnI-00009-00004785-00005132": "here the guiding questions for this video", "inNRihjIZnI-00010-00005132-00005604": "describe the major story of classical conditioning few pavlov's work", "inNRihjIZnI-00011-00005604-00005937": "and how my classical conditioning be applied to the digital world", "inNRihjIZnI-00012-00005937-00006315": "describe the major theory of operant conditioning", "inNRihjIZnI-00013-00006315-00006630": "Skinner in what ways is operant conditioning", "inNRihjIZnI-00014-00006630-00007192": "visible online environments and finally how does observation a learning apply", "inNRihjIZnI-00015-00007192-00007772": "in digital environments learning could be considered a relatively permanent", "inNRihjIZnI-00016-00007772-00008134": "change in organisms behavior due to experience", "inNRihjIZnI-00017-00008134-00008446": "so by definition experience is key to learning", "inNRihjIZnI-00018-00008446-00008829": "we learn by association in our minds naturally killer", "inNRihjIZnI-00019-00008829-00009167": "connect events that occur in sequence because the associate them", "inNRihjIZnI-00020-00009167-00009640": "simpler animals can learn simple associations such as China dots", "inNRihjIZnI-00021-00009640-00009953": "well living at my dogs but expose kids to learn", "inNRihjIZnI-00022-00009953-00010367": "so this week oldest above learning associative learning", "inNRihjIZnI-00023-00010367-00010711": "there may be two stimuli as in classical conditioning or", "inNRihjIZnI-00024-00010711-00011161": "a response its consequences operant conditioning", "inNRihjIZnI-00025-00011161-00011487": "conditioning is the process learning these associations", "inNRihjIZnI-00026-00011487-00011843": "in classical conditioning associate to stimuli", "inNRihjIZnI-00027-00011843-00012279": "to learn to anticipate events for example we learn that every time we play", "inNRihjIZnI-00028-00012279-00012375": "online poker", "inNRihjIZnI-00029-00012375-00012855": "we might win so variable schedule results means to go back to stick is my", "inNRihjIZnI-00030-00012855-00012934": "twenty again", "inNRihjIZnI-00031-00012934-00013428": "and operant conditioning we associate a response and its consequences so we can", "inNRihjIZnI-00032-00013428-00013612": "shape the behaviors that we want", "inNRihjIZnI-00033-00013612-00014147": "for example texting a friend usually has a positive consequence that you received", "inNRihjIZnI-00034-00014147-00014590": "text in return is your social rewards so this means we learn the texting is a", "inNRihjIZnI-00035-00014590-00014718": "positive experience", "inNRihjIZnI-00036-00014718-00015182": "and finally observational learning is when we learn from others experiences", "inNRihjIZnI-00037-00015182-00015294": "and examples", "inNRihjIZnI-00038-00015294-00015616": "there is evidence to show that some behavior", "inNRihjIZnI-00039-00015616-00016036": "including violent behavior increases as a result watching certain violent video", "inNRihjIZnI-00040-00016036-00016096": "games", "inNRihjIZnI-00041-00016096-00016640": "tough on performs classic experiments using", "inNRihjIZnI-00042-00016640-00017039": "dog salivating two times in order to demonstrate classical conditioning", "inNRihjIZnI-00043-00017039-00017429": "and Watson's followed the work have loved his work", "inNRihjIZnI-00044-00017429-00017882": "argued that a vote is biologically influence most human behaviors mainly", "inNRihjIZnI-00045-00017882-00018100": "just a bunch of conditioned responses", "inNRihjIZnI-00046-00018100-00018413": "for his work influence I cards collège for", "inNRihjIZnI-00047-00018413-00018798": "really the first half of the 20th century and focused on behaviorism", "inNRihjIZnI-00048-00018798-00019190": "both pavlov and Watson did not like the idea", "inNRihjIZnI-00049-00019190-00019628": "mental concepts such as consciousness awareness they believed that the basic", "inNRihjIZnI-00050-00019628-00019869": "laws governing with the same for all animals", "inNRihjIZnI-00051-00019869-00020406": "dogs or humans do you agree those view for dog owners", "inNRihjIZnI-00052-00020406-00021027": "may or may not agree let's take a more detailed look at classical conditioning", "inNRihjIZnI-00053-00021027-00021397": "but tough love did was he cared various neutral stimuli", "inNRihjIZnI-00054-00021397-00021732": "such as the belt on with food in the mouth to see if the dog would begin", "inNRihjIZnI-00055-00021732-00021965": "salivating to the neutral stimulus alone", "inNRihjIZnI-00056-00021965-00022365": "and after several times a placing food in the mouth with a belt on", "inNRihjIZnI-00057-00022365-00022688": "the dog began salivating to just the tunnel on", "inNRihjIZnI-00058-00022688-00023130": "you think is the examples where this would apply the digital world", "inNRihjIZnI-00059-00023130-00023526": "here some terms to remember", "inNRihjIZnI-00060-00023526-00023943": "the unconditioned response would be salivating in response to food in the", "inNRihjIZnI-00061-00023943-00023987": "mouth", "inNRihjIZnI-00062-00023987-00024371": "which happens automatically without any warning and the unconditioned stimulus", "inNRihjIZnI-00063-00024371-00024636": "would be the food in the mouth a trigger salvation", "inNRihjIZnI-00064-00024636-00025008": "after learning occurs we have a conditioned response", "inNRihjIZnI-00065-00025008-00025397": "which means the salvation is triggered by the Belltown and the conditioned", "inNRihjIZnI-00066-00025397-00025461": "stimulus", "inNRihjIZnI-00067-00025461-00025864": "is the actual Belltown that used to be relevant to the animal now", "inNRihjIZnI-00068-00025864-00026564": "causes a conditioned response", "inNRihjIZnI-00069-00027252-00027543": "some people might argue that we're conditioned response to technology", "inNRihjIZnI-00070-00027543-00027978": "do you agree applications love this", "inNRihjIZnI-00071-00027978-00028381": "are basically the use it or lose it phenomenon in acquisition which is the", "inNRihjIZnI-00072-00028381-00028574": "first stage a classical conditioning", "inNRihjIZnI-00073-00028574-00029113": "camby derive the behavior and we elicit a conditioned response", "inNRihjIZnI-00074-00029113-00029583": "extinction means that we have diminished the condition response basically we", "inNRihjIZnI-00075-00029583-00030079": "stock practicing with stopped responding to that some stimulus", "inNRihjIZnI-00076-00030079-00030489": "pates recovery means that after a rest period have been extinguished response", "inNRihjIZnI-00077-00030489-00030658": "we can actually we generate that was", "inNRihjIZnI-00078-00030658-00031010": "learned response generalization", "inNRihjIZnI-00079-00031010-00031400": "means our tendency to respond to stimuli that are similar to the conditioned", "inNRihjIZnI-00080-00031400-00031482": "stimulus", "inNRihjIZnI-00081-00031482-00031839": "for example of a toddler who started for moving cars", "inNRihjIZnI-00082-00031839-00032239": "might also respond the same two trucks and motorcycles whatever's in street", "inNRihjIZnI-00083-00032239-00032694": "and discrimination can happen pavlov's dogs learn to respond to a particular", "inNRihjIZnI-00084-00032694-00032785": "time", "inNRihjIZnI-00085-00032785-00033201": "not other times so that's a learned ability to distinguish between the", "inNRihjIZnI-00086-00033201-00033364": "Commission stimulus and other", "inNRihjIZnI-00087-00033364-00033717": "irrelevant stimuli I'm not really sure my animals can do that", "inNRihjIZnI-00088-00033717-00034038": "have 11 Watson", "inNRihjIZnI-00089-00034038-00034353": "work early behaviorists and the underestimate the importance", "inNRihjIZnI-00090-00034353-00034704": "overconfident processes our thoughts perceptions", "inNRihjIZnI-00091-00034704-00035096": "our feelings and expectations", "inNRihjIZnI-00092-00035096-00035425": "in classical conditioning treatments ignore cognition have some", "inNRihjIZnI-00093-00035425-00035679": "limited success", "inNRihjIZnI-00094-00035679-00036092": "we now know that animals Tassie to learn is constrained by its biology", "inNRihjIZnI-00095-00036092-00036559": "and there is a definite difference between pigeons and people some", "inNRihjIZnI-00096-00036559-00036792": "practical applications a classical conditioning", "inNRihjIZnI-00097-00036792-00037242": "might be or a drug counselor advises and Adam addicts to steer clear", "inNRihjIZnI-00098-00037242-00037564": "settings that are associated with previous drug use we're using an", "inNRihjIZnI-00099-00037564-00037740": "aversive in negative experience", "inNRihjIZnI-00100-00037740-00038154": "related to using they can reverse people's positive associations with them", "inNRihjIZnI-00101-00038154-00038432": "let's move on to", "inNRihjIZnI-00102-00038432-00038984": "operant conditioning BF skinner scare designed an operant chamber called the", "inNRihjIZnI-00103-00038984-00039153": "skinner box where basically he", "inNRihjIZnI-00104-00039153-00039583": "chain route to shape its behavior and press a lever to get a food reward", "inNRihjIZnI-00105-00039583-00040090": "he called this learning process shaping where reinforcers such as food gradually", "inNRihjIZnI-00106-00040090-00040141": "guide", "inNRihjIZnI-00107-00040141-00040489": "the actions you want or to decide behavior and if you've ever tried to", "inNRihjIZnI-00108-00040489-00040763": "train your animals you know what this is", "inNRihjIZnI-00109-00040763-00041051": "the train your bills on the organisms pre-existing naturally-occurring", "inNRihjIZnI-00110-00041051-00041183": "behaviors such as", "inNRihjIZnI-00111-00041183-00041624": "eating in online shopping for example online gaming", "inNRihjIZnI-00112-00041624-00041997": "where progressively order for continuing to play or buy with points or other", "inNRihjIZnI-00113-00041997-00042077": "rewards", "inNRihjIZnI-00114-00042077-00042508": "some in the principles reinforcement in operant conditioning urs follows", "inNRihjIZnI-00115-00042508-00042851": "positive reinforcer is reward that strengthens", "inNRihjIZnI-00116-00042851-00043297": "frequency the behavior negative reinforcer means for removing something", "inNRihjIZnI-00117-00043297-00043358": "negative", "inNRihjIZnI-00118-00043358-00043804": "in order to strengthen the desired behavior a primary reinforcer", "inNRihjIZnI-00119-00043804-00044262": "something like food it's a biological need and a secondary enforcers", "inNRihjIZnI-00120-00044262-00044621": "something it gains its power to its association that we learn", "inNRihjIZnI-00121-00044621-00045128": "primary reinforcer continuous reinforcement was reported every time it", "inNRihjIZnI-00122-00045128-00045405": "occurs such as a video game when we get points", "inNRihjIZnI-00123-00045405-00045753": "and partial or intermittent is a desired response", "inNRihjIZnI-00124-00045753-00046103": "that increases greater persistence and resistance to extinction", "inNRihjIZnI-00125-00046103-00046803": "in the long run", "inNRihjIZnI-00126-00047163-00047471": "reinforcement schedules can vary in classical conditioning", "inNRihjIZnI-00127-00047471-00047869": "the fixed ratio means we reinforce the behavior after a certain number of", "inNRihjIZnI-00128-00047869-00047956": "responses", "inNRihjIZnI-00129-00047956-00048352": "correct responses and the variable means we reinforce after an unpredictable", "inNRihjIZnI-00130-00048352-00048393": "number", "inNRihjIZnI-00131-00048393-00048888": "responses fixed interval schedule means you reinforce the first response and", "inNRihjIZnI-00132-00048888-00049055": "then after a fixed time period", "inNRihjIZnI-00133-00049055-00049408": "versus a variable interval where you reinforce the response", "inNRihjIZnI-00134-00049408-00049787": "after varying time intervals and there are different results for it each", "inNRihjIZnI-00135-00049787-00050403": "fifties Skinner didn't consider", "inNRihjIZnI-00136-00050403-00050730": "really that cognitive processes could affect learning and behavior", "inNRihjIZnI-00137-00050730-00051040": "we now know that we can develop cognitive maps", "inNRihjIZnI-00138-00051040-00051412": "and mental representations over surroundings and that we move beyond", "inNRihjIZnI-00139-00051412-00051593": "things like reward and punishment", "inNRihjIZnI-00140-00051593-00051965": "so that learning in human beings is a very complex process", "inNRihjIZnI-00141-00051965-00052351": "what are the applications of operant conditioning", "inNRihjIZnI-00142-00052351-00052657": "well in schools we have things like reward and punishment", "inNRihjIZnI-00143-00052657-00053026": "in businesses we have employee performance rewards", "inNRihjIZnI-00144-00053026-00053382": "and consumer behavior such as collecting Aeroplan points", "inNRihjIZnI-00145-00053382-00053713": "rewards and also in drug use and abuse", "inNRihjIZnI-00146-00053713-00054025": "rewards and punishment are a factor in treatment of that", "inNRihjIZnI-00147-00054025-00054420": "skinner's belief that a good education needs immediate rewards", "inNRihjIZnI-00148-00054420-00054760": "might be evident in any kind of web-based learning where we can get", "inNRihjIZnI-00149-00054760-00055317": "immediate feedback for correct responses finally lets you want observational", "inNRihjIZnI-00150-00055317-00055402": "learning", "inNRihjIZnI-00151-00055402-00055869": "is an important one given our other social media bender was a pioneer in", "inNRihjIZnI-00152-00055869-00056114": "social learning and observation a learning", "inNRihjIZnI-00153-00056114-00056611": "he did a famous bob dole experiment that showed that kids would learn to violent", "inNRihjIZnI-00154-00056611-00056686": "saddam", "inNRihjIZnI-00155-00056686-00057292": "after witnessing an aggressive outbursts he also said that antisocial models have", "inNRihjIZnI-00156-00057292-00057435": "anti social effects", "inNRihjIZnI-00157-00057435-00057827": "prosocial models can also have prosocial affects", "inNRihjIZnI-00158-00057827-00058217": "so let's think of some love the an implications for this", "inNRihjIZnI-00159-00058217-00058582": "in kids watching TV and violent TV violent movies", "inNRihjIZnI-00160-00058582-00059094": "hear this its questions for this video", "inNRihjIZnI-00161-00059094-00059607": "first how this technology condition us to respond in certain ways", "inNRihjIZnI-00162-00059607-00059929": "what rewards reinforce our responses", "inNRihjIZnI-00163-00059929-00060351": "technology isn't operant conditioning and how do you think exposure to", "inNRihjIZnI-00164-00060351-00060519": "violence a virtual reality", "inNRihjIZnI-00165-00060519-00060832": "changes are learning experience and perception what is actually real"}}, {"audio_id": "inOMwQjGFHE", "text": {"inOMwQjGFHE-00000-00001448-00001648": "Some funny stuff for entertain", "inOMwQjGFHE-00001-00002688-00003278": "I'm coming to you on big little-tractor, cabriolet...", "inOMwQjGFHE-00002-00003492-00003692": "Use the Force!", "inOMwQjGFHE-00003-00004110-00004428": "Probably little fan :-)", "inOMwQjGFHE-00004-00004938-00005268": "Look, Police on the right  place!", "inOMwQjGFHE-00005-00006090-00006434": "Cute animal :-)", "inOMwQjGFHE-00006-00006800-00007072": "More animals...", "inOMwQjGFHE-00007-00010856-00011152": "exemplary good drivers!", "inOMwQjGFHE-00008-00017090-00017334": "For reciprocate:", "inOMwQjGFHE-00009-00018200-00018494": "Now I missing only the rainbow and unicorns", "inOMwQjGFHE-00010-00018806-00019630": "Thanks for watching, like and share if you enjoy the video. :-)"}}, {"audio_id": "inX9x8WWiHM", "text": {"inX9x8WWiHM-00000-00000672-00000784": "Hello guys", "inX9x8WWiHM-00001-00000784-00000956": "Here speks Revolta once again", "inX9x8WWiHM-00002-00001052-00001214": "now we have a championship game", "inX9x8WWiHM-00003-00001264-00001506": "if i´m not mistaken, i´m already a champion", "inX9x8WWiHM-00004-00001520-00001752": "as you can see i have 11 advantage points", "inX9x8WWiHM-00005-00001810-00002032": "and miss playing the game today 3 points", "inX9x8WWiHM-00006-00002084-00002304": "tomorrow game 6 points", "inX9x8WWiHM-00007-00002338-00002550": "and the match the day after tomorrow 9 points", "inX9x8WWiHM-00008-00002556-00002714": "that´s why i´m already champion", "inX9x8WWiHM-00009-00002780-00002876": "unfortunately", "inX9x8WWiHM-00010-00002880-00003172": "i´ve already been eliminated from the champions and the cup", "inX9x8WWiHM-00011-00003256-00003386": "as you can see", "inX9x8WWiHM-00012-00003415-00003614": "the tactic i´m going to use is going to be", "inX9x8WWiHM-00013-00003614-00003746": "3-1-3n-1-2", "inX9x8WWiHM-00014-00003758-00004026": "he will play in 3-2-2-1-2", "inX9x8WWiHM-00015-00004132-00004284": "i´m going to play in the middle", "inX9x8WWiHM-00016-00004284-00004474": "because he has no DMC", "inX9x8WWiHM-00017-00004790-00004932": "as you can see here", "inX9x8WWiHM-00018-00005008-00005212": "let me select the opponent", "inX9x8WWiHM-00019-00005474-00006000": "in last season i win the league, i win the champions league and i was in 3 on cup", "inX9x8WWiHM-00020-00006018-00006256": "this season i will win the league", "inX9x8WWiHM-00021-00006286-00006602": "and i was eliminated in the other competitions", "inX9x8WWiHM-00022-00006788-00007031": "the tactical orders i´m going to use", "inX9x8WWiHM-00023-00007031-00007194": "team mentality= attaking", "inX9x8WWiHM-00024-00007206-00007417": "Focus passing= midex, passing style= mixed", "inX9x8WWiHM-00025-00007418-00007659": "force counter-attacks= off, pressing style= low", "inX9x8WWiHM-00026-00007666-00007931": "Tackling style= hard, Marking style= zonal,", "inX9x8WWiHM-00027-00007931-00008120": "Play offside trap= On", "inX9x8WWiHM-00028-00008198-00008357": "i will play Offside trap on because", "inX9x8WWiHM-00029-00008357-00008671": "i´m playing on counter-attack, and whenever you play in counter-attack", "inX9x8WWiHM-00030-00008672-00008926": "you must have offside trap On", "inX9x8WWiHM-00031-00009250-00009776": "if you guys play with Hard tackling style", "inX9x8WWiHM-00032-00009826-00010094": "the defenses with the maximum morale", "inX9x8WWiHM-00033-00010094-00010254": "not to do on penalties", "inX9x8WWiHM-00034-00010442-00010662": "and the game will start and you can see", "inX9x8WWiHM-00035-00010662-00010874": "he does not have DMC", "inX9x8WWiHM-00036-00011236-00011400": "and i´ll try to explore this", "inX9x8WWiHM-00037-00011410-00011644": "because he´s playing a lot by the wings", "inX9x8WWiHM-00038-00011654-00011962": "i will start with more ball possession", "inX9x8WWiHM-00039-00012256-00012586": "and the opponent tries to leave for the attack but loses the ball", "inX9x8WWiHM-00040-00012684-00012784": "Maczkowiak", "inX9x8WWiHM-00041-00012936-00013152": "Boateng passes to Karim", "inX9x8WWiHM-00042-00013200-00013320": "Jadidi", "inX9x8WWiHM-00043-00013676-00013823": "and the pass failed", "inX9x8WWiHM-00044-00015332-00015562": "ball intercepted and Karim gets the ball back", "inX9x8WWiHM-00045-00015576-00015834": "Silva da Rosa passes to Prelle", "inX9x8WWiHM-00046-00015935-00016073": "Prelle runs", "inX9x8WWiHM-00047-00016187-00016295": "crosses", "inX9x8WWiHM-00048-00016326-00016475": "Jadidi miss the pass", "inX9x8WWiHM-00049-00017426-00017724": "one more attack, Silva da Rosa what is going to do.... Passes to Prelle", "inX9x8WWiHM-00050-00017724-00018030": "Prelle passes to Karim and shots against defender", "inX9x8WWiHM-00051-00018278-00018422": "my team is pushing hard", "inX9x8WWiHM-00052-00018520-00018794": "Barrasa recover the ball and pass to Silva da Rosa", "inX9x8WWiHM-00053-00018794-00019016": "Makzkowiak tries to overtake", "inX9x8WWiHM-00054-00019056-00019328": "and Score GOALLLLLLLL \"Makzkowiak\"", "inX9x8WWiHM-00055-00019392-00019506": "and 1-0", "inX9x8WWiHM-00056-00019702-00019990": "Prelle crosses", "inX9x8WWiHM-00057-00019990-00020106": "and ball intercepted", "inX9x8WWiHM-00058-00021014-00021270": "Barrasa try to pass to Boateng but misses", "inX9x8WWiHM-00059-00021670-00021790": "as you can see", "inX9x8WWiHM-00060-00021834-00022008": "we have much more ball possession", "inX9x8WWiHM-00061-00022056-00022192": "but we have few shots", "inX9x8WWiHM-00062-00022222-00022434": "let´s make the attack more effective", "inX9x8WWiHM-00063-00022526-00022736": "we do not need more ball possission anymore", "inX9x8WWiHM-00064-00022780-00023008": "dammit my mistake and i select defense", "inX9x8WWiHM-00065-00023436-00023674": "no 1-1", "inX9x8WWiHM-00066-00023854-00024196": "Silva da Rossa passes to Prelle passes to Barrasa", "inX9x8WWiHM-00067-00024306-00024406": "Great GOALLLLLLLL", "inX9x8WWiHM-00068-00024520-00024570": "2-1", "inX9x8WWiHM-00069-00025820-00025974": "and i´m going to go on the counter-attack", "inX9x8WWiHM-00070-00026058-00026205": "Silva da Rosa", "inX9x8WWiHM-00071-00026360-00026638": "passes to Maczkowiak and Goalllllllllllllllllllllll", "inX9x8WWiHM-00072-00026719-00026821": "3-1", "inX9x8WWiHM-00073-00027524-00027695": "corner but intercepted ball", "inX9x8WWiHM-00074-00027829-00027941": "let´s do this", "inX9x8WWiHM-00075-00028294-00028430": "play to the middle", "inX9x8WWiHM-00076-00028538-00028638": "middle", "inX9x8WWiHM-00077-00039070-00039600": "Goal Boateng scores, as you can see play in the middle is working", "inX9x8WWiHM-00078-00039892-00040188": "i was thinking here", "inX9x8WWiHM-00079-00040256-00040440": "My goalkeeper is playing poorly", "inX9x8WWiHM-00080-00040546-00040760": "let´s make the attack more effective now", "inX9x8WWiHM-00081-00040798-00041118": "i was thinking if he did not improve the grade, i´ll have to", "inX9x8WWiHM-00082-00041174-00041376": "ball intercepted,", "inX9x8WWiHM-00083-00041444-00041564": "i will have to press higher", "inX9x8WWiHM-00084-00041660-00041842": "i´ll wait until 60 minutes", "inX9x8WWiHM-00085-00042612-00042846": "no, he does not get better, let´s try this", "inX9x8WWiHM-00086-00043129-00043288": "high pressure", "inX9x8WWiHM-00087-00043622-00043764": "let´s see what happens", "inX9x8WWiHM-00088-00043989-00044275": "Cobert with long pass, large demarcation", "inX9x8WWiHM-00089-00044275-00044412": "Silva kick ball over the beam", "inX9x8WWiHM-00090-00045836-00045936": "ball intercepted", "inX9x8WWiHM-00091-00047282-00047530": "lets see if the goalkeeper better the grade", "inX9x8WWiHM-00092-00047720-00047938": "Van Roy is playing poorly", "inX9x8WWiHM-00093-00049240-00049342": "offside", "inX9x8WWiHM-00094-00050450-00050592": "everything is tired", "inX9x8WWiHM-00095-00051867-00052184": "Prelle assist Boatend and  shoots over the bar", "inX9x8WWiHM-00096-00052202-00052302": "what a failure", "inX9x8WWiHM-00097-00052560-00052893": "what a failure and my goalkeeper  continue playing poorly", "inX9x8WWiHM-00098-00052904-00053091": "not confident", "inX9x8WWiHM-00099-00053296-00053424": "let´s put it here", "inX9x8WWiHM-00100-00053591-00053938": "is tired but let´s put it here number 6", "inX9x8WWiHM-00101-00054354-00054686": "Englesson will join the game", "inX9x8WWiHM-00102-00054788-00055005": "Englesson will join", "inX9x8WWiHM-00103-00055064-00055190": "here", "inX9x8WWiHM-00104-00055317-00055424": "this one", "inX9x8WWiHM-00105-00055667-00055767": "by Pedrosa", "inX9x8WWiHM-00106-00056394-00056590": "Maczkowiak makes an Hat-trick", "inX9x8WWiHM-00107-00058081-00058365": "Cobert passes the ball to Barrasa", "inX9x8WWiHM-00108-00058466-00058676": "Barrasa passes to Karim passes to boateng", "inX9x8WWiHM-00109-00058679-00059016": "and Maczkowiak makes an POKER", "inX9x8WWiHM-00110-00059108-00059294": "Maczkowiak score 4 Goals", "inX9x8WWiHM-00111-00059428-00059710": "is not over yet, Maczkowiak is unstoppable today", "inX9x8WWiHM-00112-00059710-00059817": "failed the pass", "inX9x8WWiHM-00113-00060175-00060338": "and the game is over", "inX9x8WWiHM-00114-00060459-00060624": "1 more great win", "inX9x8WWiHM-00115-00061016-00061327": "best player in the field with a score of 10 and Man-of-the-Match Maczkowiak", "inX9x8WWiHM-00116-00062028-00062208": "i want to thank the fans", "inX9x8WWiHM-00117-00063367-00063560": "it was a good game", "inX9x8WWiHM-00118-00063916-00064146": "we are already champions of league", "inX9x8WWiHM-00119-00064307-00064637": "these last games are for", "inX9x8WWiHM-00120-00064804-00065020": "to place the reserves", "inX9x8WWiHM-00121-00065174-00065336": "to rotate squad", "inX9x8WWiHM-00122-00065621-00065826": "the classification here", "inX9x8WWiHM-00123-00065948-00066126": "Silva da Rosa best goal scorer", "inX9x8WWiHM-00124-00066128-00066306": "Maczkowiak too", "inX9x8WWiHM-00125-00066434-00066734": "and it was like today´s game, i hope you enjoyed it", "inX9x8WWiHM-00126-00066738-00066950": "Leave you Like (Thumbs Up)", "inX9x8WWiHM-00127-00066954-00067338": "Subscribe to continue to see my season that is almost over", "inX9x8WWiHM-00128-00067360-00067660": "i hope you enjoyed the video, i hoje you see  us the next time.", "inX9x8WWiHM-00129-00067660-00067876": "thank you and Cya"}}, {"audio_id": "jo8jzrzVlU4", "text": {"jo8jzrzVlU4-00000-00000000-00000620": "Hello folks. Still on the subject of abiogenesis, or life's", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00001-00000620-00000980": "origins, in this presentation we think of a prebiotic", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00002-00000980-00001300": "selection of molecules and metabolic pathways", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00003-00001300-00001650": "that could communicate with increasing sophistication.", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00004-00001650-00002080": "This chemical evolution produced greater complexity", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00005-00002080-00002434": "and diversity. We'll also see why we think that life", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00006-00002434-00002666": "might have begun in an RNA world,", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00007-00002666-00002909": "in which RNA served both catalytic", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00008-00002909-00003109": "and information storage functions,", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00009-00003109-00003305": "before these functions were separated,", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00010-00003305-00003629": "eventually making the transition to a DNA world.", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00011-00003629-00003890": "Let's start by looking at an unusual molecule", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00012-00003890-00004146": "that can actually replicate itself.", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00013-00004146-00004454": "We've seen the tidal pool model for catalyzed", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00014-00004454-00004748": "polymer synthesis, perhaps fueled by prebiotic", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00015-00004748-00004922": "atmospheric sources of free energy.", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00016-00004922-00005258": "We also considered that polymers synthesized in tidal", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00017-00005258-00005672": "pools are more in tune with a primordial soup scenario.", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00018-00005673-00006009": "Despite catalytic minerals common to tidal pool", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00019-00006009-00006406": "sediments and deep sea vents surfaces,we seem to", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00020-00006406-00006672": "need an alternative route to the origins", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00021-00006672-00006962": "of replicating polymers. The possibility that life", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00022-00006962-00007373": "originated in an RNA world seems increasingly likely.", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00023-00007373-00007644": "So let's continue our discussion with this in mind.", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00024-00007644-00007978": "A fascinating possibility is that there existed among", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00025-00007978-00008268": "early organic molecules, some with a capacity", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00026-00008268-00008466": "to self-replicate.", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00027-00008466-00008906": "Amino adenosine triacid ester or AATE, is an organic", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00028-00008907-00009233": "molecule that can indeed catalyze its own replication.", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00029-00009233-00009502": "The reaction rate depends only on the concentration", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00030-00009502-00009812": "of the AATE, and it proceeds as follows:", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00031-00009812-00010198": "an amino acid triacid ester binds another molecule", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00032-00010198-00010474": "of amino adenosine, and the two amino adenosines,", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00033-00010474-00010788": "now in opposite orientations, can attract and bind", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00034-00010788-00011058": "a second ester. After bond rearrangements,", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00035-00011058-00011454": "the molecule separates into two molecules of AATE,", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00036-00011454-00011554": "as shown here.", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00037-00011554-00011988": "Could AATE-like molecules have been the progenitors of", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00038-00011988-00012234": "auto-catalyzed polymer replication", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00039-00012234-00012425": "in the absence of a primordial soup?", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00040-00012425-00012801": "Could replication of a prebiotic AATE-like molecule", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00041-00012801-00012969": "have led to an RNA world?", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00042-00012969-00013263": "Well to date, experiments with prebiotic chemistries", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00043-00013263-00013672": "haven't produced a self-replicating molecule like AATE.", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00044-00013672-00013996": "But the possibility is all the more intriguing because the", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00045-00013996-00014396": "triacid includes adenosine, one of the nucleotide bases.", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00046-00014396-00014712": "What if larger molecules, polymers of bases or", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00047-00014712-00015096": "nucleotides, had evolved that retained auto-catalytic", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00048-00015096-00015480": "properties inherent in something like AATE.  A short", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00049-00015481-00015803": "RNA molecule like the one shown on the left here", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00050-00015803-00016094": "can fold into intricate three-dimensional shapes", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00051-00016094-00016290": "through hydrogen bonding much as we've seen", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00052-00016291-00016513": "transfer RNA is due today.", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00053-00016513-00016789": "In fact most RNAs are at least in part folded", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00054-00016789-00017224": "into tertiary structures. On the right, RNA is catalyzing", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00055-00017224-00017496": "its own replication. Could these activities have been", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00056-00017496-00017830": "precursors to ribozymes and ribonucleoprotein", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00057-00017830-00018122": "catalysts that we know exists today?", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00058-00018122-00018362": "In our complex human society,", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00059-00018362-00018714": "we define communication by its specificity.", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00060-00018714-00018996": "Without careful choice of words, our speech would be", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00061-00018996-00019432": "mere babble! In biochemical terms molecules also talk.", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00062-00019432-00019794": "During prebiotic chemical or metabolic evolution,", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00063-00019794-00020122": "chemical selection necessarily favored", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00064-00020122-00020402": "increasing specificity of molecular interactions", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00065-00020402-00020738": "in a challenging environment resulting in", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00066-00020738-00021030": "molecular communication and complexity.", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00067-00021030-00021294": "Remember that complexity is one of the properties of life.", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00068-00021294-00021554": "Replicated polymers are in fact more stable if", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00069-00021554-00021786": "they're protected in some way. The protection of", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00070-00021787-00022099": "monomer linkages could come for example, from", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00071-00022099-00022364": "hydrogen bond-mediated folding, as in the case", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00072-00022364-00022606": "of the nucleic acids the RNA we just saw.", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00073-00022606-00022878": "It could come from interactions between polymers", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00074-00022878-00023262": "like other RNAs or short Oligopeptides even, or from", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00075-00023262-00023540": "interactions between polymers and aggregate", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00076-00023540-00023884": "structures that might enclose a safe space...", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00077-00023884-00024072": "or finally, from some combination", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00078-00024072-00024192": "of all of these interactions.", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00079-00024193-00024509": "Protected polymers are in fact more stable", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00080-00024509-00024675": "than unprotected polymers.", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00081-00024675-00024949": "The prebiotic selection of stable populations", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00082-00024949-00025429": "of polymers is sort of a prebiotic homeostasis if you will,", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00083-00025435-00025764": "brought about by a primitive form of increasingly", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00084-00025764-00026016": "specific intermolecular communication.", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00085-00026016-00026374": "Homeostasis remember, is another of those properties of life.", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00086-00026374-00026726": "Specific high-affinity interactions are inherently", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00087-00026726-00027048": "protective. In a prebiotic world protected stable", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00088-00027050-00027292": "metabolic chemistries must have formed,", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00089-00027292-00027492": "or become part of molecular assemblies", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00090-00027498-00027744": "that would be targets of selection during chemical", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00091-00027744-00028050": "or metabolic evolution. We saw one such assembly", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00092-00028050-00028389": "in the biofilm mineral complex that might have trapped", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00093-00028391-00028635": "alkaline vent emissions,  and it may have been", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00094-00028635-00028900": "the origin of a proton motive force that would", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00095-00028900-00029186": "drive metabolic selection. Let's look at some other", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00096-00029186-00029518": "candidates for semipermeable enclosures that could", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00097-00029519-00029835": "have grown along with metabolic chemistries. We're going", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00098-00029835-00030020": "to be talking about some of these early compartments", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00099-00030020-00030286": "in the context of the general stickiness of things...,", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00100-00030286-00030576": "that is, a tendency of molecules to come together", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00101-00030576-00030822": "and stick to each other anyway.  So let's look at these.", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00102-00030824-00031210": "Protein microspheres and coacervates are", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00103-00031210-00031498": "self-assembled structures that like the alkaline vent", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00104-00031499-00031820": "biofilms, could have trapped prebiotic metabolic", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00105-00031820-00032070": "chemistries. Proteinoid microspheres and coacervates", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00106-00032070-00032338": "shown here have some interesting properties,", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00107-00032338-00032624": "in addition to being semipermeable compartments.", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00108-00032624-00032926": "They include catalytic properties, an ability to", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00109-00032926-00033252": "accumulate environmental molecules, to get larger...", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00110-00033252-00033774": "to grow and even to divide. These are obviously similar", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00111-00033774-00033964": "to other properties of life, aren't they?", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00112-00033964-00034238": "Liposomes shown here, may not have formed", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00113-00034238-00034506": "prebiotically, but must have taken over from", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00114-00034506-00034852": "any membrane functions of earlier protocell structures", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00115-00034852-00035132": "that might have been microspheres or coacervates.", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00116-00035132-00035456": "Pathways to increasingly sophisticated molecular", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00117-00035456-00035848": "communication and cellular complexity would likely", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00118-00035848-00036128": "have involved macromolecular aggregates like these.", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00119-00036128-00036378": "And achieving more effective sophisticated", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00120-00036378-00036654": "communication requires coordination,", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00121-00036654-00036936": "which is essentially the capacity of the cell", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00122-00036936-00037236": "to make chemical decisions, or of a protocell to make", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00123-00037236-00037558": "chemical decisions.  Let's see what the coordination of", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00124-00037558-00037874": "communication might look like at a molecular level.", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00125-00037874-00038168": "Coordination requires an efficient system to", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00126-00038168-00038536": "process, store and retrieve chemical information.", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00127-00038536-00038836": "And efficiency implies catalysis so that the", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00128-00038837-00039139": "coordination and intermolecular communication", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00129-00039139-00039506": "that occurs is rapid and accurate. So all of these cellular", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00130-00039506-00039838": "processes shown here must have been catalyzed.", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00131-00039839-00040075": "Here's a reminder of what information storage,", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00132-00040075-00040348": "retrieval and processing looks like today.", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00133-00040348-00040714": "Information stored in DNA is transcribed to RNA", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00134-00040714-00040908": "and then translated into proteins.", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00135-00040908-00041280": "RNAs, but mostly proteins, now serve an enzymatic", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00136-00041280-00041516": "or catalytic functions. Proteins are also involved in", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00137-00041516-00041704": "forming and maintaining cell structure.", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00138-00041705-00042006": "But what might all this have looked like in a prebiotic", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00139-00042006-00042250": "world? That's really what we're talking about here.", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00140-00042250-00042554": "Here's that cartoon of self-replicating RNA.", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00141-00042554-00042880": "Assume a folded primitive ribozyme", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00142-00042881-00043237": "(that is, catalytic RNA), and a source of monomer", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00143-00043237-00043644": "precursors. Then autocatalysis might replicate the same", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00144-00043644-00044018": "or very similar RNA molecules. How might we get from", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00145-00044018-00044298": "somewhat limited RNA structures possible with only 4", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00146-00044300-00044548": "different monomers, the 4 nucleotides,", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00147-00044548-00044840": "to diverse structures made possible by polymers", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00148-00044840-00045144": "containing the 20 different amino acid monomers.", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00149-00045144-00045318": "In other words how do we move", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00150-00045318-00045586": "from the self-replication of an RNA world", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00151-00045590-00045938": "to the RNA based catalysis of peptide bond formation", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00152-00045938-00046146": "and polypeptide synthesis? In other words,", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00153-00046146-00046410": "what are the roots of the evolution of translation", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00154-00046410-00046744": "as we know it today? Imagine a self-replicating RNA", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00155-00046744-00047044": "that can also recognize and bind uniquely to a", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00156-00047044-00047387": "particular amino acid. Now, imagine different", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00157-00047388-00047694": "amino acids binding specifically to differently folded", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00158-00047694-00048012": "prebiotic RNAs, and further because of their", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00159-00048012-00048308": "unique shapes, that two such structures could also bind", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00160-00048308-00048618": "to each other.  Might they catalyze the formation", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00161-00048618-00048846": "of a peptide linkage between the two amino acids,", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00162-00048846-00049206": "as shown here? Could these be the first RNAs with more", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00163-00049206-00049598": "than one or alternative catalytic functions? And what", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00164-00049598-00049890": "sort of evidence might support these conjectures?", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00165-00049890-00050272": "Would a direct interaction, that is binding between", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00166-00050272-00050564": "amino acids with RNAs have been the predecessor to", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00167-00050564-00050836": "transfer RNAs... and their role in delivering specific", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00168-00050837-00051170": "amino acids to the ribosome during translation.", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00169-00051170-00051424": "There is no obvious binding chemistry between today's", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00170-00051424-00051904": "amino acids and RNAs (or any nucleic acid), but there", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00171-00051904-00052274": "may be a less obvious legacy of bindings that might", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00172-00052274-00052648": "have occurred on a prebiotic earth. This has to do with", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00173-00052648-00052926": "the fact that with a very few exceptions, the genetic", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00174-00052926-00053204": "code you may remember, is universal, which means", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00175-00053204-00053472": "that any structural relationship between RNA", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00176-00053472-00053748": "and amino acids must have been selected early,", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00177-00053748-00054060": "at the start that is, of cellular life on Earth", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00178-00054060-00054412": "So here's the argument. The code is indeed universal", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00179-00054412-00054734": "or nearly so. There is a correlation between the chemical", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00180-00054734-00054974": "properties of amino acids and their codons.", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00181-00054974-00055288": "So for example, charged or polar amino acids are", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00182-00055288-00055644": "encoded by triplet codons with more guanine bases.", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00183-00055644-00056012": "Codons for uncharged amino acids more often contain", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00184-00056012-00056400": "a middle uracil. These correlations also mean that any", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00185-00056400-00056752": "early binding of amino acids to specifically folded RNAs", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00186-00056752-00057074": "would have been replaced in evolution by enzyme-", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00187-00057074-00057358": "catalyzed covalent attachment of the amino acid", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00188-00057358-00057696": "to the correct tRNA that we see today using, remember,", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00189-00057696-00057944": "aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases,", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00190-00057944-00058298": "along with the use of an RNA with information", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00191-00058298-00058604": "dictating a correct order of amino acids to be linked in a", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00192-00058604-00058882": "polypeptide, in other words, a messenger RNA.", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00193-00058882-00059039": "And this is illustrated here.", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00194-00059039-00059357": "We begin with self-replicating RNAs producing", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00195-00059357-00059687": "populations of variant but related RNA sequences.", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00196-00059688-00060076": "Some of these RNAs can bind specific amino acids.", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00197-00060076-00060471": "Another RNA evolves which would contain sequences", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00198-00060471-00060754": "that could form hydrogen bonds with amino acid-bound", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00199-00060754-00061079": "RNAs (remember anticodon-codon relationships)", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00200-00061079-00061376": "we have today. This start of codon-anticodon", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00201-00061376-00061616": "interactions between tRNAs and an mRNA", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00202-00061616-00061902": "would have been selected because it achieves", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00203-00061902-00062178": "the capacity for information storage and retrieval", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00204-00062178-00062578": "which of course adds another layer of complexity to life.", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00205-00062579-00062934": "So even before the entry of DNA into our RNA world,", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00206-00062934-00063164": "it's possible to imagine the selection", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00207-00063164-00063426": "of the defining features of the genetic code,", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00208-00063426-00063670": "and mechanisms of translation (that is, protein", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00209-00063670-00064017": "synthesis) that now characterizes all life on the planet.", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00210-00064017-00064362": "And all of this would have happened Before the LUCA,", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00211-00064362-00064729": "the Last Universal Common Ancestor of us all, since all", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00212-00064729-00065091": "cells and all organelles perform translation in", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00213-00065091-00065494": "the same way. In this ongoing scenario, the ability of", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00214-00065494-00065790": "of RNAs to catalyze peptide bond formation would", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00215-00065790-00066151": "lead eventually to diverse proteins. Many would", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00216-00066152-00066444": "become enzymes with catalytic functions, that would", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00217-00066444-00066826": "even have to include a takeover of RNA autocatalysis", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00218-00066826-00067073": "by primitive RNA polymerase enzymes.", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00219-00067073-00067425": "What's next would be a scenario for the transition", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00220-00067425-00067820": "from the RNA world to a DNA world. This is basically", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00221-00067820-00068116": "a separation of information storage from the expression,", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00222-00068117-00068313": "or processing of that information", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00223-00068313-00068513": "to make the working molecules of life.", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00224-00068513-00068787": "This cartoon summarizes the transition from", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00225-00068787-00069029": "an RNA world to a DNA world.", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00226-00069029-00069361": "Well..., there's not really any experimental", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00227-00069361-00069728": "basis for this transition yet. We might speculate", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00228-00069728-00069906": "that viruses played a role.", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00229-00069906-00070238": "When RNA viruses inject their RNA into infected cells,", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00230-00070238-00070602": "there RNA is either directly translated into viral proteins,", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00231-00070602-00070898": "or depending on the virus, may first be replicated", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00232-00070898-00071306": "by RNA replicases before the RNA is translated. If", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00233-00071306-00071682": "retroviruses that reverse transcribe their RNA into DNA", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00234-00071682-00071956": "evolved from such RNA viruses, this may have", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00235-00071956-00072308": "played a role in the transition from an RNA world to", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00236-00072308-00072714": "a DNA world. Of course since all existing cells replicate", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00237-00072714-00073042": "and store genetic information in DNA, and express the", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00238-00073042-00073318": "genetic information as messenger RNA,  and because", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00239-00073319-00073635": "all cells translate genetic information in mRNAs", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00240-00073635-00073898": "into polypeptides, the pathway we refer to as", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00241-00073899-00074233": "the Central Dogma must have been in place by the time", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00242-00074233-00074523": "LUCA appeared. As we suggested,", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00243-00074523-00074887": "intermolecular communication is in fact prebiotic, and", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00244-00074888-00075136": "began with the accumulation of stably replicated", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00245-00075137-00075367": "polymers and redundant catalytic syntheses.", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00246-00075367-00075678": "These events led to prebiotic metabolic chemistries or", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00247-00075678-00075980": "biochemical pathways. The branching of interconnected", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00248-00075980-00076276": "biochemical pathways contributes to the complexity", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00249-00076276-00076580": "of living things along with the coordination of those", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00250-00076580-00076960": "reactions and pathways. This coordination is", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00251-00076961-00077209": "accomplished by what should be familiar feedback", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00252-00077209-00077488": "controls and controls on gene expression. Here are two", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00253-00077488-00077748": "evolutionary scenarios that might have added new", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00254-00077748-00078012": "biochemical reactions to an existing pathway", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00255-00078012-00078300": "in a cell or even in a protocell, that is before life.", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00256-00078300-00078638": "Cells that rely on a source of say, molecule D,", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00257-00078638-00078970": "would die if the environment became depleted of D.", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00258-00078970-00079232": "But what if a few cells that evolved an ability", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00259-00079232-00079654": "to make D on their own, say using C, molecue C", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00260-00079654-00079904": "as a precursor. They might not use this ability", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00261-00079904-00080192": "as long as D is plentiful in the environment.", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00262-00080192-00080498": "But if concentrations of D should drop, those cells", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00263-00080500-00080760": "that could use C as a precursor to make D", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00264-00080760-00081068": "would prove more fit and would survive, eventually", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00265-00081068-00081388": "dominating a population in a D-poor  environment.", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00266-00081388-00081630": "This could happen and it does when genes for", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00267-00081630-00082004": "enzymes that carry out related reactions are duplicated,", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00268-00082004-00082318": "and one copy suffers a genetic experiment in which", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00269-00082318-00082524": "non-deleterious mutations accumulate,", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00270-00082524-00082828": "one of which could encode this new enzymatic activity", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00271-00082828-00083126": "that goes on used until circumstances demand.", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00272-00083127-00083333": "Here is another pathway that could lead", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00273-00083333-00083586": "to an expansion of biochemical potential.", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00274-00083586-00083960": "In cells using a from the environment, a mutation,", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00275-00083960-00084206": "in an allele or duplicated genes, might result", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00276-00084206-00084422": "in an enzymatic activity that could convert", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00277-00084423-00084767": "molecule A to B. Here, B is not present", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00278-00084767-00085072": "in the environment to begin with. If B is not lethal", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00279-00085072-00085408": "to the cell, the cell might survive until circumstances", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00280-00085408-00085686": "make B a useful commodity in the cell.", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00281-00085686-00086044": "Once again at that point, the cell shown here on the right", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00282-00086044-00086344": "has a survival advantage over the one on the left.", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00283-00086344-00086718": "Our consideration of how life began on Earth was", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00284-00086718-00087004": "intentionally placed at the end of this series of lectures.", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00285-00087006-00087436": "So let's recap the essentials. First the opposing", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00286-00087438-00087714": "notions for life's origin entertained here,", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00287-00087714-00088110": "all address events that presage life under best-guess", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00288-00088110-00088504": "hypothetical conditions. The first cells had..., and were", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00289-00088504-00088814": "defined by all of the properties of life all chemical and", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00290-00088815-00089137": "metabolic evolution is driven by prebiotic conditions", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00291-00089137-00089408": "that may have led from a less regulated RNA-based", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00292-00089408-00089756": "metabolism to greater biochemical complexity.", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00293-00089756-00090144": "This evolutionary trajectory that started prebiotically,", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00294-00090144-00090474": "continued in early cells and in fact does so today.", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00295-00090474-00090774": "The combined information and catalytic properties of", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00296-00090774-00091174": "RNA gave way eventually to a separation of functions", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00297-00091174-00091430": "and increased use of protein enzymes rather", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00298-00091430-00091748": "than primitive ribozymes. RNA gives up its function", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00299-00091748-00092048": "as the genetic molecule to DNA, thereafter serving", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00300-00092048-00092320": "both catalytic and information storage functions", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00301-00092320-00092684": "in translating genetic information into protein. These", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00302-00092684-00093000": "pathways achieve a milestone after first cells arise.", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00303-00093000-00093320": "The universal common ancestor (LUCA) must already", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00304-00093320-00093548": "have escaped the RNA world! it must already", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00305-00093548-00093852": "have been replicating DNA and transcribing it into RNA,", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00306-00093852-00094124": "and translating that RNA (message RNA)", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00307-00094124-00094420": "into polypeptides..., all on ribosomes,", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00308-00094420-00094714": "behind a semipermeable phospholipid bilayer.", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00309-00094714-00094994": "For the same reasons, whether a heterotroph or", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00310-00094994-00095336": "more likely an autotroph, LUCA must have used ATP", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00311-00095336-00095812": "to power cellular work. Cellular evolution after LUCA,", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00312-00095812-00096128": "continues to select complexities of metabolism", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00313-00096128-00096396": "that enable to spread and survival of life", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00314-00096397-00096575": "from wherever it started.", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00315-00096575-00096853": "As i noted, these events began", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00316-00096853-00097131": "before there were cells, but continue as evolutionary", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00317-00097131-00097451": "motifs that resulted in speciation and the", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00318-00097451-00097712": "expanding diversity of life thereafter.", "jo8jzrzVlU4-00319-00097713-00098129": "And with that we end this presentation."}}, {"audio_id": "joib-qgsRJ8", "text": {"joib-qgsRJ8-00000-00000024-00000351": "(soft upbeat music)", "joib-qgsRJ8-00001-00000351-00000525": "- [Cami] So I got into cake baking", "joib-qgsRJ8-00002-00000525-00000771": "when I was about nine or 10 years old.", "joib-qgsRJ8-00003-00000771-00000960": "I had an Easy Bake Oven.", "joib-qgsRJ8-00004-00000960-00001326": "I used that thing until it was no longer safe to use.", "joib-qgsRJ8-00005-00001326-00001653": "And then eventually, I asked for baking supplies", "joib-qgsRJ8-00006-00001653-00001932": "and pans and spatulas and all kinds of things", "joib-qgsRJ8-00007-00001932-00002172": "for Christmas and for my birthday.", "joib-qgsRJ8-00008-00002172-00002613": "I really just started to watch videos and YouTube videos", "joib-qgsRJ8-00009-00002613-00002856": "and all kinds of things to really learn how", "joib-qgsRJ8-00010-00002856-00003066": "to get better at it.", "joib-qgsRJ8-00011-00003066-00003306": "Whenever I was about 15 or 16,", "joib-qgsRJ8-00012-00003306-00003654": "I kind of began to get a little bit more serious about it,", "joib-qgsRJ8-00013-00003654-00004125": "really try to learn more and do more with what I knew.", "joib-qgsRJ8-00014-00004125-00004452": "From there, I really just kind of started baking cakes", "joib-qgsRJ8-00015-00004452-00004890": "for my friends and for family celebrations and for holidays.", "joib-qgsRJ8-00016-00004890-00005178": "People would start asking me to make things for them", "joib-qgsRJ8-00017-00005178-00005412": "and I would just do it for free as like a little favor.", "joib-qgsRJ8-00018-00005412-00005619": "And I just enjoyed it. So I thought it was fun.", "joib-qgsRJ8-00019-00005619-00005823": "And then eventually I was like,", "joib-qgsRJ8-00020-00005823-00006060": "\"Okay, I think I can make some profit off of this.", "joib-qgsRJ8-00021-00006060-00006210": "I need to stop giving them away", "joib-qgsRJ8-00022-00006210-00006420": "and more like make this into a business.\"", "joib-qgsRJ8-00023-00006420-00006648": "And that's kind of how it evolved.", "joib-qgsRJ8-00024-00006648-00006861": "It's definitely really picked up.", "joib-qgsRJ8-00025-00006861-00007188": "It's been very challenging and overwhelming at times", "joib-qgsRJ8-00026-00007188-00007481": "because I do take my schooling very seriously.", "joib-qgsRJ8-00027-00007481-00007791": "I really just try to make sure that I'm giving time to both.", "joib-qgsRJ8-00028-00007791-00008076": "And seeing people's faces once they receive something", "joib-qgsRJ8-00029-00008076-00008268": "that they thought of to begin with", "joib-qgsRJ8-00030-00008268-00008472": "and just seeing it all like lay out like that", "joib-qgsRJ8-00031-00008472-00008682": "is something that made me stick with it.", "joib-qgsRJ8-00032-00008817-00008970": "I will always love baking,", "joib-qgsRJ8-00033-00008970-00009321": "and I hope that it will always be a fun passion of mine", "joib-qgsRJ8-00034-00009321-00009501": "and a hobby that could eventually turn", "joib-qgsRJ8-00035-00009501-00009687": "into something bigger one day.", "joib-qgsRJ8-00036-00009784-00010084": "(soft upbeat music)"}}, {"audio_id": "joxzxqRa2bk", "text": {"joxzxqRa2bk-00000-00000256-00000404": "Ladies and gentlemen, hello", "joxzxqRa2bk-00001-00000404-00000636": "So it's time for mid month aka crippling depression", "joxzxqRa2bk-00002-00000636-00000686": "Aaaaaaaaaand", "joxzxqRa2bk-00003-00000686-00000800": "KLab has", "joxzxqRa2bk-00004-00000800-00000850": "uhhhhhh", "joxzxqRa2bk-00005-00000853-00000984": "blessed us", "joxzxqRa2bk-00006-00001036-00001306": "with another premium banner believe it or not ladies and gentlemen", "joxzxqRa2bk-00007-00001306-00001372": "Now", "joxzxqRa2bk-00008-00001432-00001807": "These are all characters I don't really care for much", "joxzxqRa2bk-00009-00001832-00001912": "I don't", "joxzxqRa2bk-00010-00001912-00002174": "necessarily need any of them on this account", "joxzxqRa2bk-00011-00002186-00002604": "I think the cooles- the one with the coolest gameplay is definitely Retsu", "joxzxqRa2bk-00012-00002684-00002862": "Followed by Amagai", "joxzxqRa2bk-00013-00002898-00003098": "Followed by Makoto", "joxzxqRa2bk-00014-00003158-00003261": "Or MakOTO", "joxzxqRa2bk-00015-00003261-00003461": "or however his name is pronounced", "joxzxqRa2bk-00016-00003461-00003765": "Retsu- Retsu's killer is kinda bad?", "joxzxqRa2bk-00017-00003847-00004310": "but I think it doesn't really affect her that much with her skills and uhhhhhh", "joxzxqRa2bk-00018-00004336-00004386": "and stats", "joxzxqRa2bk-00019-00004434-00004766": "I did touch upon that killer in my previous video", "joxzxqRa2bk-00020-00004766-00004908": "which very few people watched :(", "joxzxqRa2bk-00021-00004908-00005050": "You should watch that btw", "joxzxqRa2bk-00022-00005050-00005186": "uhh it's a good video", "joxzxqRa2bk-00023-00005270-00005370": "I think", "joxzxqRa2bk-00024-00005482-00005598": "Link in the description?", "joxzxqRa2bk-00025-00005598-00005690": "Eh-ehm! Anyway", "joxzxqRa2bk-00026-00005732-00005782": "So", "joxzxqRa2bk-00027-00005830-00006030": "As I've said, out of the three", "joxzxqRa2bk-00028-00006030-00006174": "I probably", "joxzxqRa2bk-00029-00006232-00006390": "idk, i i i'll take any of them", "joxzxqRa2bk-00030-00006434-00006502": "Fillers", "joxzxqRa2bk-00031-00006520-00006786": "This is actually a very good filler pool for me", "joxzxqRa2bk-00032-00006838-00006895": "It's amazing", "joxzxqRa2bk-00033-00006954-00007154": "It's the best filler pool in months", "joxzxqRa2bk-00034-00007186-00007236": "I", "joxzxqRa2bk-00035-00007264-00007366": "Do not have", "joxzxqRa2bk-00036-00007466-00007526": "Isshin", "joxzxqRa2bk-00037-00007544-00007744": "I do not have", "joxzxqRa2bk-00038-00007831-00008156": "No not this Isshin, the other one. I have speed Isshin", "joxzxqRa2bk-00039-00008170-00008230": "hehe", "joxzxqRa2bk-00040-00008248-00008374": "I do not have purple Isshin", "joxzxqRa2bk-00041-00008506-00008672": "I do not have mayuri", "joxzxqRa2bk-00042-00008680-00008782": "Believe it or not", "joxzxqRa2bk-00043-00008792-00009040": "While I'd be happy with any of the three new characters", "joxzxqRa2bk-00044-00009040-00009362": "The character I want the most from this banner is actually...", "joxzxqRa2bk-00045-00009388-00009478": "*drumroll*", "joxzxqRa2bk-00046-00009478-00009584": "Of course............", "joxzxqRa2bk-00047-00009584-00009740": "*more drumroll*", "joxzxqRa2bk-00048-00009756-00009940": "Kuchiki Rukia", "joxzxqRa2bk-00049-00010118-00010718": "Though it'd be nice to have a banner character cuz I only- on this account I only have", "joxzxqRa2bk-00050-00010814-00011026": "Two bonuses for the point event", "joxzxqRa2bk-00051-00011096-00011170": "and that's...", "joxzxqRa2bk-00052-00011290-00011350": "never fun", "joxzxqRa2bk-00053-00011388-00011486": "That being said", "joxzxqRa2bk-00054-00011550-00011750": "I'm only doing the discounted multis", "joxzxqRa2bk-00055-00011750-00012218": "Anniversary is right around the corner, so I do not suggest you go deep on this banner", "joxzxqRa2bk-00056-00012274-00012324": "Unless", "joxzxqRa2bk-00057-00012446-00012716": "One of these characters is somehow your favourite?", "joxzxqRa2bk-00058-00012716-00012766": "*visible confusion*", "joxzxqRa2bk-00059-00012766-00013056": "They're premium characters, you can get them from tickets (kappa), so", "joxzxqRa2bk-00060-00013196-00013396": "Don't waste your orbs.", "joxzxqRa2bk-00061-00013558-00013608": "Seriously.", "joxzxqRa2bk-00062-00013676-00013726": "Don't.", "joxzxqRa2bk-00063-00013782-00013832": "Alright", "joxzxqRa2bk-00064-00013990-00014088": "we're getting cucked now", "joxzxqRa2bk-00065-00014452-00014940": "Best case scenario I get three Rukias in this multi and the three banner characters in the next", "joxzxqRa2bk-00066-00014974-00015174": "KLab: *hysterical laughter*", "joxzxqRa2bk-00067-00015390-00015496": "I mean", "joxzxqRa2bk-00068-00015613-00015813": "That wasn't a best case scenario", "joxzxqRa2bk-00069-00015813-00015946": "That was a f*cking joke", "joxzxqRa2bk-00070-00015966-00016310": "Second and last multi will give us", "joxzxqRa2bk-00071-00016438-00016506": "A four star!", "joxzxqRa2bk-00072-00016512-00016712": "#yay", "joxzxqRa2bk-00073-00017220-00017500": "I know I'm starting to end a lot of my videos like this", "joxzxqRa2bk-00074-00017566-00017890": "But I have nothing else to say other than... Thank you KLab."}}, {"audio_id": "jozHt7bFHiY", "text": {"jozHt7bFHiY-00000-00000000-00000200": "new movies 2023"}}, {"audio_id": "joJc7z39_qQ", "text": {"joJc7z39_qQ-00000-00000000-00000070": "Welcome to my channel JOSTV HOW TO MAKE COLOR ART SUNDAY using kinemaster pro app to your mobile phone", "joJc7z39_qQ-00001-00001610-00002038": "So, what's guiz my name is joselitosumile from south poblacion medina mis.or", "joJc7z39_qQ-00002-00031488-00031960": "Thank you for watching and don't forget to click subscribe button bell", "joJc7z39_qQ-00003-00031960-00032160": "Thank you for watching don't forget to like /share this video tutorial and click subscribe button bell para ma notify mo ang susunod kung apload"}}, {"audio_id": "j0iIJx2nuNY", "text": {"j0iIJx2nuNY-00000-00000484-00001205": "So Chris could you just - on that slide could you just explain what the", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00001-00001205-00002353": "different headings mean the upper bound it's and so on this is the high high", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00002-00002353-00002893": "intake estimate so the second cop Oh it should say points of departures", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00003-00002893-00003329": "they're my fault we've changed from reference doses to points of departures", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00004-00003329-00003814": "it's still in micrograms per kilogram for body weight per day and the unit's", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00005-00003814-00004298": "there because that would match the exposure data so the third column is the", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00006-00004298-00005030": "the high intake estimates as calculated here except is it only above a certain", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00007-00005030-00005253": "level", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00008-00006336-00006804": "last three the last three values are just means they don't reflect the 95th", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00009-00006804-00007593": "card the high-end values in the fourth column are the biomonitoring so those", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00010-00007593-00007833": "are from the in Haines two thousand five and six", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00011-00007833-00008442": "they are the population average I mean population estimates for the 99th", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00012-00008442-00008982": "percentile that's using the population weights the sampling weights in in", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00013-00008982-00009647": "Haines I had a question is that for women for pregnant women yeah", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00014-00010710-00011408": "it's remarkably close and then the last two columns are simply the ratios of", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00015-00011408-00011853": "what should be the points of departure there in the second column over the", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00016-00011853-00012510": "corresponding exposure columns the suggestion was to get rid of what I was", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00017-00012510-00012839": "trying to do with the folds higher and lower what you see there's actually the", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00018-00012839-00013158": "calculation but I think you should recognize that those numbers are two", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00019-00013158-00013503": "minute think we should emphasize that many sit you know significant digits", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00020-00013503-00013893": "we're not we're trying to de-emphasize significant digits here but at least it", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00021-00013893-00015036": "is the actual ratio so I think Andres if you want to pick up on what yeah yeah so", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00022-00015036-00015483": "so normally you would demand since you are here these these comparisons are", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00023-00015483-00016041": "direct comparisons between what what was given in these animal studies to the", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00024-00016041-00016701": "animals and what human exposures are so for you you would expect a margin of", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00025-00016701-00017219": "exposure to be between hundred anything between hundred and thousand maybe", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00026-00017219-00017814": "depending on the uncertainties behind it the severity of the endpoint etcetera", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00027-00017814-00018516": "etcetera so what what this shows is you know one one thing sticks out that's dhp", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00028-00018516-00019104": "that there's a this is a margin of exposure of around ten that is", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00029-00019104-00019801": "definitely not good news and so on you know you can read the data yourself", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00030-00019892-00021525": "you're not concerned about the other ones above that HP that's BP BP I would", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00031-00021525-00021995": "say even the DEP is actually interesting to me because I've been thinking that we", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00032-00021995-00022518": "know the exposure there is so high but now that estimate for a point of", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00033-00022518-00023297": "departure is very rough that was based on what was that film", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00034-00026804-00027489": "but it looks it's interesting that the three banned chemicals DBP BBP and de HP", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00035-00027489-00028005": "have the lower ones and it's like another order of magnitude up for the", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00036-00028005-00028704": "the interim bans well I don't know about the last three I shouldn't look at those", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00037-00028704-00029514": "numbers but in DI so those are actually based on the head macaque you calculated", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00038-00029514-00030189": "the high intake estimate so those on the median well on the on the modeling", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00039-00030189-00030804": "column right elaborate column we could look at that CIN P looks you know that's", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00040-00030804-00031373": "kind of that region where we might be worried", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00041-00032033-00032593": "what's your worry factor I mean factor 10 versus factor with a thousand versus", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00042-00032593-00033184": "the facts of 10,000 I'm not sure I mean factor of ten yeah I can see", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00043-00033184-00033891": "where as a worry factor factor thousand andreas help me yeah that's sort of a", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00044-00033891-00034306": "metaphor for consideration I mean we can't do this in detail now it would we", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00045-00034306-00035318": "we would need more material for that but I'd say yeah that would be one there B", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00046-00035318-00035849": "that would be the gray area so we have worry non worried just agree that you'd", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00047-00035849-00036194": "call that the grayer yeah well what sticks out here is as", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00048-00036194-00036983": "Chris said that the permanently banned salads there seems to be seems to be a", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00049-00036983-00038863": "failure a system failure which shines through here very clearly InP as well", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00050-00038863-00039472": "which one that's one we don't have looking at the last column that's where", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00051-00039472-00040256": "we're only looking at the biomonitoring in date the other okay what I think is", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00052-00040256-00041246": "gonna be very curious is ya know P median or mean is or to the high-end by", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00053-00041246-00041728": "a Montreal be curious to see what that comes up with because that means you", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00054-00041728-00042700": "very narrow distribution or there is a very large number sitting out there find", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00055-00042700-00043181": "you 50% on the other table if you want to look at I don't know if it's", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00056-00043181-00044128": "interesting is the median estimates but with this now you can do considerations", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00057-00044128-00044671": "along the following lines for example hoga please correct me if i'm wrong the", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00058-00044671-00045756": "InP is proposed to such a de HP right so should that be the", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00059-00045756-00046491": "case you can't expect the exposures for di NP to go up probably I don't know I'm", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00060-00046491-00047130": "not speculation but the concern would be that they then reach reach the zone", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00061-00047130-00048594": "where you would be come concerned about too small a margin of exposure whereas", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00062-00048594-00049215": "for example that it these numbers would indicate that that's there's little and", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00063-00049215-00050294": "sign with di DP at the moment this is very curious because only basically", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00064-00050294-00051113": "shows there's only one if you go by andreas initial differentiation its HP", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00065-00051113-00052040": "which is shows up as being concern and", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00066-00052165-00052674": "there's a very big difference between well that's what this way there is there", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00067-00052674-00053049": "are much greater differences in terms of the margin of exposure between the", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00068-00053049-00053769": "modeling and the biomonitoring median which could probably be due to the fact", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00069-00053769-00054602": "that again how representative our median is of the total reality of what's out", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00070-00054602-00055304": "there or is it still biased because we have to use exposure factors and we have", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00071-00055304-00056364": "to there's a little bit more uncertainty in those values I know it", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00072-00056364-00056930": "we should probably that's probably a point for our report to say that so", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00073-00056930-00057602": "maybe a call for the other competent authorities in the US looking at DEP to", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00074-00057602-00058395": "say well something should be done I mean this is something that I guess is beyond", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00075-00058395-00059511": "the competency of CPSC or the jurisdiction of CPS yes yes deah dear to", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00076-00059511-00060261": "be this number here for dhp is more troubling in the high end numbers for", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00077-00060261-00060920": "any of ya even even with median exposures the margin of exposure is", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00078-00060920-00061466": "insufficient in fact I would I would say that for the median a number of less", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00079-00061466-00062504": "than 10,000 is a worry number dealing with the median value HP is really an", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00080-00062504-00063675": "issue thousand is your worry number then but that was for the high-end 95th", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00081-00063675-00064172": "percentile we're now talking about the means yeah I mean I'm still there then", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00082-00064172-00065022": "bbp gets close oh no that's 147 no it'sit's d HP which is a which is an", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00083-00065022-00066260": "issue and rightly so Andres is saying that this is total exposure which", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00084-00066422-00067067": "requires some other agencies to start thinking about what the heck to do", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00085-00067861-00068554": "that's the the the three permanently banned where we see the numbers here we", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00086-00068554-00069817": "now need to consider the interim banned I NPS for the 3-band we're still not", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00087-00069817-00070361": "going to change the recommendations oh", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00088-00070823-00071886": "good you what do you the one that recommended di NP go up onto the band", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00089-00071886-00072586": "category do you still feel that way feel that way doesn't seem to support it I", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00090-00072586-00073017": "just brought it up for discussion maybe we can switch to the 95th percentile", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00091-00073017-00073567": "again well we don't we don't know about our calculated out values what you're", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00092-00073567-00073998": "doing euros with any aims at this point I'll explain it to you on the upper", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00093-00073998-00075216": "margin slide right now for the InP we have margin of exposure looking at the", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00094-00075216-00076281": "biomonitoring date of 1850 - it's in the forest but if we assume that dhp is", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00095-00076281-00076845": "totally replaced by di NP we would assume that the exposure to the InP will", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00096-00076845-00077536": "rise significantly because you would have to zero out 375 and put it down", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00097-00077536-00078379": "into a line for the InP this of course would make the margin of exposure", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00098-00078379-00078798": "considerably smaller fatigue and hidden if you're saying one to one equivalent", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00099-00078798-00079242": "exams a replacement but that's what we have to assume when somebody says it", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00100-00079242-00079986": "doing something else these are these are the issues we have to take into account", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00101-00079986-00080219": "yeah", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00102-00080301-00081085": "so di NP is is still in the woods or play are still in playing field - for", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00103-00081085-00081510": "two reasons in the morning we again discussed concerning the hazard", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00104-00081510-00082087": "yesterday study clearly showed that the InP has to be regarded as reproductive", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00105-00082087-00082855": "toxicant and the front is Raptor so as it is clear and unlike here where we", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00106-00082855-00083485": "have a factor of 10 importance between d HP and di NP the other studies are all", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00107-00083485-00084184": "studies suggested there is only a factor of 2.5 to 3 point 8 in potency so we", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00108-00084184-00084864": "have to beware that these point of departures are not the conservative ones", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00109-00084864-00085255": "want to have a table with both do we want to select the more conservative", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00110-00085255-00086257": "ones can I suggest we use Bernie's criteria to consider the InP and go", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00111-00086257-00086818": "through it one by one so adversity let's shall we start with", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00112-00086818-00087718": "adversity we have three well the the reason why the InP was put into into the", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00113-00087718-00088087": "interim Rabanne I think well at least speaking from", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00114-00088087-00088558": "European perspective at that time there were very few data available for di and", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00115-00088558-00089323": "P that has changed substantially we have three well conducted animal studies for", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00116-00089323-00089737": "the InP two of them offer calibre normally", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00117-00089737-00090265": "required for for regulatory purposes because the numbers of animals per dose", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00118-00090265-00090706": "group are sufficiently high and that's the bull back study from Denmark and", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00119-00090706-00091495": "what Rebecca cruel presented us yesterday then the third one is Hana at", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00120-00091495-00092410": "our but I think that's a smaller smaller study but in in all these studies we we", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00121-00092410-00093106": "do see an effect on on a GD and the chloral study at post natal day 14", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00122-00093106-00093838": "there's no doubt the effects of the pyaare well the InP is not as potent as", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00123-00093838-00094503": "some of the other solids nevertheless with with there's a common thread to", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00124-00094503-00095155": "throughout all these three studies at sufficiently high doses you see an", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00125-00095155-00095875": "effect on landmarks of male sexual differentiation but indicative of", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00126-00095875-00096598": "androgen insufficiency in fetal life well what what you see in the bull Burke", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00127-00096598-00097171": "study is increased multinucleate gana sites and nipple retention at 600", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00128-00097171-00097753": "milligrams per kilogram and above yeah increased testicular testosterone", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00129-00097753-00098527": "content yeah an EGD at 900 milligrams per kilogram and in Hannah's study it's", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00130-00098527-00098926": "decreased fetal testosterone at 500 milligrams per kilogram per day and then", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00131-00098926-00099550": "effects on gene expression and as I remember in the cool study which was", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00132-00099550-00100237": "presented yesterday it was decreased testosterone expression but I don't", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00133-00100237-00101263": "think they saw it was decreased well they measured testosterone levels yeah", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00134-00101263-00102106": "go back without measured testosterone production which is different but there", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00135-00102106-00102724": "was two hours after in the cruel study there was also an effect well we can say", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00136-00102724-00103726": "that so they that they saw no effect on a GD no in the in the shorter time point", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00137-00103726-00104469": "no effect on a GED but at personated a 14 doubles that is like number", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00138-00104953-00105360": "that's like number 25", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00139-00105529-00108338": "how are you 16 at 7400 ppm okay okay the the all of these specially clue land and", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00140-00108338-00108961": "bull back are extremely well conducted very high standards the outcome of both", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00141-00108961-00109483": "of them is comparable considering that one used the Wistar at the other one", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00142-00109483-00110368": "Sprague Dawley they're talking about effects that indicate clear adversity so", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00143-00110368-00111224": "well we've already covered also the sort of quality standards out of good quality", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00144-00111224-00111694": "we have the other criterion is for fulfill T's effects were seen", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00145-00111694-00112273": "independently and several studies conducted in different laboratories", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00146-00112495-00113438": "these criteria are are fulfilled adversity relevance to the human well in", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00147-00113438-00114191": "the absence of anything to the contrary the default position is always to assume", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00148-00114191-00114866": "relevance for the human which in this case we should do we have three sets of", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00149-00114866-00115367": "these criteria fulfilled so adversity relevance to the human and their Co high", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00150-00115367-00116555": "quality now we're moving into the area of risk assessment and and I think what", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00151-00116555-00117193": "we see here from these numbers that ask exposure stand currently in the US", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00152-00117193-00117784": "margin of exposure considerations would suggest that the InP is currently not in", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00153-00117784-00118441": "the zone where the amber light begins to however following what Holga said I also", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00154-00118441-00119053": "would have the concern that since this is slated as a replacement for de HP the", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00155-00119053-00119420": "concern is then that this will change exposure will go up and we're", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00156-00119420-00120332": "consequently will have a reduced margin of exposure for my in my mind that would", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00157-00120332-00121525": "be justification enough to say let's make di NP permanent particularly", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00158-00121525-00121772": "exposure could go up to orders of magnitude", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00159-00121772-00124007": "I think that becomes don't want to speculate without the product guys on", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00160-00124007-00125074": "our on your site are they what would the product guys to say well I mean there's", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00161-00125074-00125683": "there's a general trend de HP's going down di n P productions going up and", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00162-00125683-00126175": "it's reflected at least than the German Expo biomonitoring data on whether it's", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00163-00126175-00126727": "a one-to-one I mean they're both general-purpose plasticizers I'm sure", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00164-00126727-00127208": "the uses overlap might not be a hundred percent and I don't know if it's a", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00165-00127208-00127816": "one-to-one plus things are always changing I mean the InP you know there's", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00166-00127816-00128854": "also d PHP and the IDP might well D PHP I know is going up to so it's a", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00167-00128854-00129538": "complicated picture if you say it can go up one to two orders of magnitude if it", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00168-00129538-00129913": "goes up one order of magnitude our margin of exposure now is already less", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00169-00129913-00130429": "than three orders of magnitude true mm-hmm that's those are the kinds of", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00170-00130429-00130911": "broad swipes we're trying to do at this stage right", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00171-00131323-00131712": "Andreas you'd be willing to write up a summary", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00172-00131712-00132333": "of what you just said about di NP that's what happened when do you want it now", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00173-00132333-00133728": "I'll be fine I think it might be important for us to make some kind of a", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00174-00133728-00134398": "declaration in there whether our concern is strictly limited to the possibility", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00175-00134398-00134961": "that it will increase if something else is decreased or another way of saying", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00176-00134961-00135382": "that is I think we have no obligation to say how close we are to concern right", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00177-00135382-00136140": "now nothing changes and then we become even more concerned if the levels go up", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00178-00136140-00136737": "because of more widespread use I think it's important to find that information", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00179-00136737-00137166": "now because I'd hate to put something out and find out you know we're off base", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00180-00137166-00137823": "because of a new direction being taken by industry we would be kind of an", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00181-00137823-00138532": "embarrassing moment but even so I mean the discussion about a margin of", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00182-00138532-00139234": "exposure of three orders of magnitude talking about pregnant women I don't", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00183-00139234-00139542": "think we should be down in a margin of exposure or one or two orders of", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00184-00139542-00140388": "magnitude I think three so we're there now we're in the we're in the gray", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00185-00140388-00141090": "region now Brent from what from taking andreas criteria we're in the gray area", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00186-00141090-00141849": "right now we're not in the you know the the area of ultimate concern it's a gray", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00187-00141849-00142573": "area we got to be really careful we should clearly say that and this said", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00188-00142573-00143067": "like like Bernie said I totally agree with what Bernie said we should say to", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00189-00143067-00143785": "state very clearly that the concern is or this movement this change in exposure", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00190-00143785-00144452": "should should this be a replacement for for DEHP", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00191-00144911-00145362": "well that raises the question would we recommend banning if we knew for sure", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00192-00145362-00146430": "the level was going to increase if it's gonna increase fight for it back let's", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00193-00146430-00146944": "say we let's make the the ultimate assumption and use huggers point that", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00194-00146944-00147973": "increase goes Super Cub went to 375 that pushes it over into what Andrea says is", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00195-00147973-00148669": "the region of great concern correct the right concern I do not know but it will", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00196-00148669-00149383": "be qualified like that it'll be in the area an exposure factor around ten nine", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00197-00149383-00150085": "or ten would that raise your antennas up very high that would raise my antennas", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00198-00150085-00150588": "up very high is then it would be in de HP right range where we are concerned", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00199-00150588-00151137": "right so therefore it depends upon whether or not this is truly again we", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00200-00151137-00151679": "need that other information to help us make it make a wise decision", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00201-00151787-00152257": "the other thing Russ today this morning we were talking and you said something", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00202-00152257-00152584": "that you are aware of some of the chemicals that there are some really", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00203-00152584-00152961": "high levels based on medication use of whatever so it might be interesting also", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00204-00152961-00153457": "for you to take a peek at the at the high exposure estimates here relative to", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00205-00153457-00153859": "what you know about extreme values because those extreme drives may not be", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00206-00153859-00154297": "represented in this population study as far as I know the extreme values it", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00207-00154297-00155098": "would be for the for the butyl primarily there are examples through medications", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00208-00155098-00155751": "where people have a thousandfold higher exposures butyl dibutyl phthalate for di", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00209-00155751-00156366": "npm i don't think it's used in that circumstance ho there may no better but", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00210-00156366-00157048": "i don't think it is um dep is many any pian medication is it", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00211-00157048-00157597": "how about in in medical products are they substituting di NP for deh peters", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00212-00157597-00158373": "soften plastics no but it doesn't matter medical products", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00213-00158373-00158871": "or a totally different issue because the risk-benefit issue is highly significant", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00214-00158871-00159822": "you know I don't want a metal pipe put down my stomach when I'm but what I'm", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00215-00159822-00160191": "saying though and even if you're in dialysis I mean you're under credit", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00216-00160191-00160779": "critical care at that particular I think I think there is but the risk-benefit", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00217-00160779-00161349": "issue is but to the person is getting it yeah I think there is benefit issues", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00218-00161349-00161661": "come into play when you're dealing with medical products and we have to keep", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00219-00161661-00162042": "that out of the conversation for the time being but what about just a more", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00220-00162042-00162462": "general conversation about it knowledge of things that more are more extreme", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00221-00162462-00163020": "than what's here by monitoring population study if we are aware of", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00222-00163020-00163536": "studies that had whether it's medication or other sources I think we ought to", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00223-00163536-00164034": "take that into account here just this stuff but I wouldn't wanna make a", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00224-00164034-00164502": "decision on the DI NP based upon medical uses it's not it's not part of the I", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00225-00164502-00165077": "think the equation at this point in time different risk different risk issues", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00226-00165483-00165900": "another thing about what I think we should consider with each one of these", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00227-00165900-00166434": "reviews that we do and the recommendation that's within it is to", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00228-00166434-00166807": "make a statement of whether or not this regulatory action if followed would", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00229-00166807-00167388": "change the exposure of children and we're directly responsive to the charge", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00230-00167388-00167913": "mm-hmm that's what I think we should make the statement that we would expect", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00231-00167913-00168873": "this would have a significant decrease in risk to children as of a decrease in", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00232-00168873-00169671": "exposure to this valley at a fair statement we want to use them the", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00233-00169671-00170262": "biomonitoring estimates for infants those kinds of statements this is now", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00234-00170262-00170865": "these are values for pregnant women the infant's ends up being higher in some", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00235-00170865-00171092": "cases", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00236-00171154-00172150": "I first thought Chris would be know that information we can have it back in the", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00237-00172150-00172607": "in the text where we described the information but if we begin to put that", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00238-00172607-00172849": "up bury them within this recommendation", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00239-00172849-00173309": "then people are going to look to compare those numbers from one decision to", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00240-00173309-00173754": "another and we're going to be held accountable for very small differences", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00241-00173754-00174274": "and in fact they may be less important than something else that is driving our", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00242-00174274-00175639": "recommendation oh my first thought up to others misspoken it looks like bbp is", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00243-00175639-00175975": "the one that has a higher infant value the others are sort of about sort of", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00244-00175975-00176752": "comparable I would I would say hoager you comfortable that the biomonitoring", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00245-00176752-00177964": "data captures the di NP in terms of the metabolites that were measured and in", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00246-00177964-00178871": "the studies Chris and me looked at I am pretty confident that biomonitoring data", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00247-00178871-00179485": "captures the exposure to di NP because exposure estimates were based on", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00248-00179485-00180535": "oxidized di NP metabolites not the mono ester but I think this data is reliable", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00249-00180535-00181070": "although it is based on only one metabolite in Germany on Europe we used", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00250-00181070-00181761": "three different oxidized metabolites but it pretty much confirms the data", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00251-00183237-00184253": "discussion of di NP where are we with it well we have andreas writing up a", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00252-00184253-00185229": "summary for us which you know we will revisit it's the station boat outline", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00253-00185229-00185832": "acceptable to the committee yeah so the the in broad outline is this", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00254-00185832-00186317": "acceptable to the committee this consideration accordingly to the", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00255-00186317-00187119": "criteria so the recommendation in for di NP would be to make it partly to suggest", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00256-00187119-00188037": "a permanent ban is that consensus I have one question for Mike Mike you you did", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00257-00188037-00189246": "the InP evaluation a couple of years ago did you and you modeled or the exposure", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00258-00189246-00189936": "by sucking on the non toys or something the biomonitoring or daily intake we", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00259-00189936-00190470": "calculated here is it in the same region that you calculated it in your model or", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00260-00190470-00191082": "did you calculate higher daily highlight higher intakes because in contrast to", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00261-00191082-00191795": "the time you studied the ing we now have a point of departure yeah well we", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00262-00191795-00192495": "estimated I think for teethers and toys on the order of a few micrograms per", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00263-00192495-00193383": "kilogram per day just from mouth of course at the time there wasn't any", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00264-00193383-00193773": "buyer well the bio monitoring data was were", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00265-00193773-00194727": "negative so but it was probably in it was inadequate as well so you know so", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00266-00194727-00195228": "the you know modeling levels of microgram per kilogram per day that it's", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00267-00195228-00195992": "probably I mean I think we were definitely below 27 unless you're", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00268-00195992-00196543": "looking at you know upper bounds or something okay oh if that's the night", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00269-00196543-00197047": "it's a median it's a median on the modeling okay", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00270-00197047-00197674": "in the 95th on the biomonitoring well that that would fit in with what we had", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00271-00197674-00198237": "for the children for just mouthing", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00272-00198612-00199404": "mouthing of what mouthing teethers and toys okay", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00273-00199443-00200440": "well for I mean we did up to 36 months you know by year but that you know", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00274-00200440-00200938": "roughly to an order of magnitude without looking it up it was you know a few", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00275-00200938-00201622": "micrograms per kilogram per day in the upper bounds you know I just might be", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00276-00201622-00202999": "around 27 something like that I will know more when confirm it versus is the", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00277-00202999-00203875": "oral route or the the intestine route as to major route of uptake to the InP well", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00278-00203875-00204657": "I have the wrap is it right let me confirm that", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00279-00207057-00208706": "so I'm dust cosmetic says even lipsticks I can't see right did you go back", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00280-00209613-00209819": "you", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00281-00209928-00210448": "Deerling be the bottom yet it's indirect", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00282-00212521-00213254": "food in the model because you had unlimited data or is it there because", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00283-00213254-00213910": "you had negative data no these are the numbers where we looked at the ones that", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00284-00213910-00214733": "did not we did not include concentrations in this yeah yeah but", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00285-00214733-00216101": "actually I can maybe go back to the spreadsheets it might be okay so let's", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00286-00216101-00217534": "look at ingestion food and we can look at di n P don't have di n P here don't", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00287-00217534-00218291": "have data therefore it falls out of the equation therefore it isn't unknown", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00288-00218291-00218996": "factor if we assume that the IDP replaces d HP we would have to assume", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00289-00218996-00219608": "that something would add up on the direct ingestion route that is foot", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00290-00219608-00221661": "stuff pointed out I would assume paste I", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00291-00221694-00222458": "think based on on you on the bursar data I would expect that they compared to the", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00292-00222458-00223004": "biomonitoring data underestimate the exposure because you don't have any data", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00293-00223004-00223885": "on di and P in foot stuff but I would I would expect an underestimation for di n", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00294-00223885-00224898": "P what was the reason again because we know from fasting studies for example", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00295-00224898-00225598": "human bio monitoring data that di NP the major source of exposure is contaminated", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00296-00225598-00226250": "foot stuff like for example with DEA I mean the food data that we have or is", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00297-00226250-00226969": "is old and it might not have CIA data there's no food they do yeah which is", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00298-00226969-00227542": "one of one of the things we need to consider in the modeling is I mean I", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00299-00227542-00228035": "made a matrix of you know these are the scenarios and these are the phthalates", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00300-00228035-00228569": "where there's data and you know if you don't see di and P in food you have to", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00301-00228569-00229028": "say you know ask these are older studies were they even looking for it and they", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00302-00229028-00229846": "probably weren't we have to prune asterisk next to and say void of this", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00303-00229846-00230648": "data well if so either yeah well that's is not available for true comparison", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00304-00230648-00231121": "with the biomonitoring data and so therefore if it's low it can be", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00305-00231121-00231605": "artificially low if it's high well then is even a different story saying here's", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00306-00231605-00232052": "another there are other routes of exposure there where there is data that", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00307-00232052-00232532": "one is concerned about well yeah it's it's exactly why I did that I was", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00308-00232532-00233060": "looking for where you know is it low because it's lower as a low cuz there's", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00309-00233060-00234254": "a gap in the data yeah I think it might be the appropriate time to comment on", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00310-00234254-00234848": "what we're doing or what it sounds like we're doing there's some of us in the", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00311-00234848-00235382": "room and some listeners may decide that chap decided this afternoon.the", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00312-00235382-00235913": "recommend banning di NP and I don't think that would be the right conclusion", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00313-00235913-00236858": "no we are discussing data on example chemicals but we're also shaking down", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00314-00236858-00237332": "the system we may decide after three or four of these that we want to take a", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00315-00237332-00237946": "slightly different approach in which case we we helped helped ourselves by", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00316-00237946-00238634": "exploring the system that we're about to use with live examples so to speak but I", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00317-00238634-00238980": "would sure not want to see in the newspaper that", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00318-00238980-00239894": "chap decided to recommend that EMP should be banned because we're not", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00319-00239894-00240441": "voting we're going through an exercise and we're seeing how well this system", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00320-00240441-00240698": "fits that we've been working on for some months", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00321-00240698-00241326": "is that fair Mike absolutely and I wouldn't want anyone to in the audience", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00322-00241326-00242304": "to get the impression that this is the final answer and you know I we in the", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00323-00242304-00242889": "last chap there were certain issues like is this mechanism relevant to humans and", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00324-00242889-00243108": "that that they would have these like straw", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00325-00243108-00243567": "they kept voting and if they kept coming back and voting again and you know would", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00326-00243567-00244230": "it change up and down and you know it's not final till its final I think it's", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00327-00244230-00244791": "more fundamental than that I think that's right we're discussing the", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00328-00244791-00245304": "framework for coming up to decision and looking at the variables and the", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00329-00245304-00245763": "information we have available us to make the decision also some of the variables", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00330-00245763-00246342": "that we want to consider in making the decision so the discussion team today is", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00331-00246342-00247173": "purely you know a group of scientists others sitting around trying to decide", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00332-00247173-00247467": "how we were going to approach finalization of the problem rather than", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00333-00247467-00248121": "even deliberating about an individual chemical present time yeah but I still", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00334-00248121-00248610": "want to emphasize that I think is important andreas that you capture yes", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00335-00248610-00249071": "you know this in writing so that when we come back again we don't go back to", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00336-00249071-00249642": "square one that we say this is what we talked about and do we have agreement on", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00337-00249642-00250239": "that or not do we want to modify it or not because eventually and sooner rather", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00338-00250239-00251157": "than later we are going to have to vote up or down so can i after this I totally", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00339-00251157-00251846": "agree with everything that's been said before the problem I think we are facing", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00340-00251846-00252451": "is this that we have to for the first time on this topic I have", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00341-00252451-00253046": "to develop and come up with a set of criteria that is that is plausible and", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00342-00253046-00253657": "transparent and this has not been done before and the way that's been handled", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00343-00253657-00254107": "in Europe and so far here in the US as well was on the basis of criteria that", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00344-00254107-00255042": "well to put it politely were opaque we are now for the very first time a group", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00345-00255042-00255706": "that has to face up to this and develop first of all a set of plausible criteria", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00346-00255706-00256138": "and then apply them and that's what we are wholeheartedly agreed that is what", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00347-00256138-00256615": "we are tentatively trying to do this afternoon and this is by no means a", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00348-00256615-00257191": "final decision but we're playing well trying out a set of criteria that Bernie", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00349-00257191-00258132": "has developed and and see how where that gets us no more but no less and along", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00350-00258132-00258681": "those lines the issue of the different routes the different sources are still", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00351-00258681-00259485": "off for grabs because we still need to consider more calculations and the fact", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00352-00259485-00260019": "that we have not dealt with the transfer between the mother and child issue", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00353-00260019-00260365": "either I think effectively we're just looking", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00354-00260365-00260821": "at the mother we're looking at the children there's gonna be a crossover at", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00355-00260821-00261459": "some point where some of the phthalates who could go from in utero from mothers", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00356-00261459-00261955": "of child and even after the child's born and we have to consider all those things", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00357-00261955-00262482": "too so we have a lot of work in terms of assembling information to do not the", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00358-00262482-00262956": "fact that we're at a point where we don't know pretty much where we're", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00359-00262956-00263358": "heading but coming up with the different routes of exposure are going to be an", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00360-00263358-00263764": "interesting process of elimination because even though we have inhalation", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00361-00263764-00264186": "we have dermal whatever we still don't have that transfer between mother and", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00362-00264186-00264681": "fetus or mother and child which i think is going to be an interesting set of", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00363-00264681-00264981": "discussions", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00364-00265426-00266060": "keep in mind that you know this report needs to be finalized in very short", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00365-00266060-00266738": "order so if we're going to take into account what you just said you need to", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00366-00266738-00267176": "have that finalized fairly soon and that's why I said it because I don't", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00367-00267176-00267677": "want us do any more analyses and adults besides price and women of childbearing", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00368-00267677-00268079": "areas if we're going to do any additional analyses it will be I assume", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00369-00268079-00269093": "on the transfer of of satellites between mother and fetus in utero or mother and", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00370-00269093-00269597": "child after gestation meaning breast feeding and things of that sort that's", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00371-00269597-00270002": "where I think we should spend our time because I think that's the only place", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00372-00270002-00270595": "we're gonna get any real new information that can help make a decision", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00373-00271216-00271680": "I could just maybe you guys don't want to talk about this at this point but I'm", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00374-00271680-00272041": "sitting here thinking about sort of the approach that we're talking about here I", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00375-00272041-00272374": "mean this isn't the only approach we're gonna use we're gonna look at other", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00376-00272374-00272661": "things as well like the hazard index and things like that", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00377-00272661-00273238": "but in terms of the points of departures these are largely based on Noelle's they", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00378-00273238-00273568": "are based on Noelle's if I had my choice I'd much rather see", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00379-00273568-00274280": "the points of departures being lower confidence intervals on benchmark dose", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00380-00274365-00274795": "willing to assume that lower confidence interval and a benchmark dose could be", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00381-00274795-00275617": "an order of magnitude lower yeah well I mean the Noelle's are not not the the", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00382-00275617-00276103": "best way of having a point of departure it is what we have here so if we're", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00383-00276103-00276643": "starting to add up things like how many orders of magnitude or you know or", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00384-00276643-00276932": "important pregnancy", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00385-00277061-00277567": "population I would even want to include something about variation in the", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00386-00277567-00277989": "estimate of the points of departure so I think we could easily get to three", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00387-00277989-00278746": "orders of magnitude that would be other pieces there that should add another", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00388-00278746-00279217": "order magnitude I would I would agree with you I mean these numbers important", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00389-00279217-00279727": "at this stage are the principles not not the precise numbers and I would you know", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00390-00279727-00280460": "considering the harsh critique that is level that no else I would also prefer", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00391-00280460-00281454": "benchmarks lower confident yeah sure as far as we as far as that is possible but", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00392-00281454-00282090": "this is a detail I mean important other principles now first for both of you", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00393-00282090-00282889": "does it matter which one you use will the relative differences be the same no", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00394-00282889-00283363": "the the benchmark procedure has if has an advantage with Noelle's poor data", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00395-00283363-00283938": "quality is rewarded by having a higher Noelle with benchmark a lower confidence", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00396-00283938-00284494": "amid poor data qualities give gives you a lower estimate", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00397-00284494-00284992": "so that's that's why the advocates of the benchmark approach emphasize that", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00398-00284992-00285502": "and they're very various are the problems with no else so too depending", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00399-00285502-00285871": "on the experimental design that really not fixed number so they're always", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00400-00285871-00286420": "treated as if they were etcetera so I mean we do have part of our criterion", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00401-00286420-00286810": "that you're writing about as far as quality of the studies and things so it", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00402-00286810-00287230": "hopefully the you know we would have quality studies so that the very the", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00403-00287230-00287797": "variability would be but it's still the choice of the doses may not have been", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00404-00287797-00288244": "done based on trying to find a point of departure I don't I don't think any of", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00405-00288244-00288973": "the studies that I reviewed were done in a way that designed to develop or to", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00406-00288973-00290065": "come up with the benchmark those know only one for dhp possibly I don't know I", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00407-00290065-00290503": "mean that leads too far for this afternoon I mean this is a detail we", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00408-00290503-00290980": "need to look at it if possible we should use it if not then the reason I'm mystic", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00409-00290980-00291355": "was no else I agree it's it's a it's my new ship but the reason I was thinking", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00410-00291355-00291646": "about that I'm thinking how many orders of magnitude really should we be", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00411-00291646-00292096": "comparing should it be two three four and it made it me think about well I", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00412-00292096-00292318": "think there ought to be at least an order of magnitude because of that", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00413-00292318-00292911": "distinction other factors that may provide other", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00414-00293723-00294791": "okay yeah let's go back up to the the top or the top to DMP and dep the no", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00415-00294791-00295799": "wells for those both of those the the developmental talk studies are there", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00416-00295799-00296492": "isn't much information what's their they weren't really designed to determine", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00417-00296492-00297188": "noel but the studies showed no effects basically but didn't determine and no", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00418-00297188-00298019": "well we we took the the dose 750 milligrams per kilogram we plugged in as", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00419-00298019-00298936": "a noel arbitrarily but at that that dose for both of those they're basically", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00420-00298936-00299860": "isn't any effect now dep given the exposure has a much", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00421-00299860-00300859": "different margin of exposure number then does DMV", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00422-00301657-00302161": "would say the the quality of this point of departure that's gone into that is", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00423-00302161-00302632": "also rather poor poor poor well what just to remind us what were the end", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00424-00302632-00305014": "points that's based on there weren't any there were no effects roll over so but", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00425-00305014-00305658": "again what what do we do with the the DEP where there's it's a high exposure", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00426-00305658-00306646": "phthalates in humans I think there's some correlations e in the Swan paper", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00427-00306646-00307276": "mm-hmm kind of situation where we need more data and so if we put it in a", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00428-00307276-00307891": "situation where we're trying to push those kinds of studies to come around it", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00429-00307891-00308715": "is a high exposure data important to have that point of departure nail down", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00430-00308715-00309904": "maybe very conservative and again the the the animal data you don't really", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00431-00309904-00310131": "know", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00432-00311366-00312138": "how would you interpret the epidemiology there the almond papers very difficult", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00433-00312138-00312444": "to say what was going on there what hairdressers are exposed to", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00434-00312444-00313080": "precisely we don't know probably a mixture of DBP and DEP I guess no idea", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00435-00313080-00313821": "we have one data where the DEP metabolites were very high in the urine", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00436-00313821-00314457": "and she aggregated by simply adding up and then found associations with a DD", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00437-00314457-00315276": "index and with MEP alone so alone as well as the aggregate right it's yeah", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00438-00315276-00315864": "sure okay but that's you know it's it's um you know single study about a hundred", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00439-00315864-00316605": "infants with prenatal exposures measured in the mothers here and the occupational", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00440-00316605-00317193": "studies you're referring to are you know I've included them but they don't have", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00441-00317193-00317694": "specific biomarkers of exposure plus there's confounding by Co exposures", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00442-00317694-00318324": "that's right that's right and the follow-up studies wanna tell which one", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00443-00318324-00318993": "the the we're talking about in 2005 study Swann at all and then 2008 to", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00444-00318993-00319347": "follow up yeah they were they were consistent you know basically I think", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00445-00319347-00319961": "the 2005 I can look at it I think eighty-five infants in 2008 had a", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00446-00319961-00320697": "hundred maybe hundred and five so it wasn't tremendously larger and remind us", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00447-00320697-00321036": "what's the relation precisely between the original study and the follow-up", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00448-00321036-00321716": "where they follow up new individuals included yeah they added additional in", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00449-00321716-00322353": "infants so would you therefore the same cohort same exposure metric same timing", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00450-00322353-00322869": "of exposure same way in which they measured outcome so I guess this doesn't", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00451-00322869-00323481": "really fully qualify as a as a new independently reproduced study but what", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00452-00323481-00323883": "you how would you say how far I described it as basically a second", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00453-00323883-00324416": "analysis from the same study right okay", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00454-00324545-00325183": "it's not completely independent as yeah what you're getting at yeah and Russ how", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00455-00325183-00325850": "much well okay I mean I know I've read your your text I think there's no doubt", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00456-00325850-00326605": "that stuff like that needs to be reproduced but how much white can we put", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00457-00326605-00328180": "on it now I'd say some some weight I don't how much further do okay then", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00458-00328180-00328547": "shall we apply our system the criteria and see", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00459-00328547-00328988": "well I wouldn't ignore it basically so I would give it some weight I agree with", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00460-00328988-00329420": "Andrew we should see how it fits with the criteria if it if it's got some", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00461-00329420-00329891": "weight it does have a little weight medium or high weight that you have to", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00462-00329891-00330500": "have some degree of confidence it means your confidence is Oh medium or high", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00463-00330500-00331316": "medium the worst possible of course there's a truth you know I need more", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00464-00331316-00332136": "stubborn you comment yeah just to fill out the three sides here for MP", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00465-00332136-00332774": "regarding reproductive data in humans and animals there were no studies", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00466-00332774-00333454": "available for review on DMV in humans and for animal data there were no single", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00467-00333454-00333754": "or multiple generation reproductive studies in animals that were available", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00468-00333754-00334478": "for review so essentially there were no studies like the MP and for DEP there", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00469-00334478-00334981": "are well-designed at least one well-designed reproductive study there", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00470-00334981-00336006": "are some studies in humans but there was an NTP continuous breeding study in mice", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00471-00336006-00336618": "in which the dose levels were different from males to females about", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00472-00336618-00337077": "about five hundred twenty five hundred and forty five hundred milligrams per", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00473-00337077-00337913": "kilogram per day and the Noel for females was forty eight hundred", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00474-00337913-00338616": "milligrams per kilogram per day there were adverse effects reproductive", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00475-00338616-00339800": "effects but not resembling these alec syndrome and the little no whale in the", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00476-00339800-00340427": "weanlings was about 250 to 270 milligrams per kilogram per day", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00477-00340427-00341453": "primarily a body weight effect and oh it than oil for adult female rats in that", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00478-00341453-00342103": "reproductive study about 250 to 270 milligrams per kilogram per day", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00479-00342341-00342902": "no male reproductive effects there were there was a decrease in sperm count and", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00480-00342902-00343241": "sperm quality", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00481-00345837-00347198": "is dose level 5 is it clear in any way by what mechanism or totally in", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00482-00347288-00348810": "determinate but ok then if we apply those criteria adversity first I mean", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00483-00348810-00349482": "these effect you're describing would we cluster mas adverse doing both of these", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00484-00349482-00349695": "chemicals at the same time or one at a time", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00485-00349695-00350409": "I think DMP is falling by the wayside let's shall we focus on DDP may I", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00486-00350409-00350853": "suggest that we focus on DEP but they go back to DMP with the idea of the World", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00487-00350853-00351297": "Health Organization saying at first here we can make some kind of assumptions", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00488-00351297-00352587": "about it reference dose even very I mean you know to get us as I would suggest", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00489-00352587-00353151": "that we take the MPD to completion okay so that it forces us with the system to", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00490-00353151-00353781": "deal with the chemical force there are no data and decide what statement we're", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00491-00353781-00354699": "going to make when there are no data to determine risk we should I think we", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00492-00354699-00355214": "should try to come up with a conservative estimate for reference dose", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00493-00355214-00355611": "that's what we did I mean we I don't know if that's conservative but we we", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00494-00355611-00356337": "chose the are there's similarities between DEP and why that would connect", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00495-00356337-00356840": "us to say whatever DEP yes DMP we would", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00496-00356879-00357669": "yeah structurally though are there comparison together I think it's", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00497-00357669-00358131": "important to keep in mind to the biomonitoring data between the two I", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00498-00358131-00358839": "mean there's extremely large difference human exposure so apart from the hazard", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00499-00358839-00359069": "side", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00500-00359071-00360239": "usually in verily fairly not detectable right I mean generally D or m MP the", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00501-00360239-00360752": "fact that DEP and DMV Louis the molecular weight phthalates would you", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00502-00360752-00361892": "expect there to be a similar reason to group um toxicity", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00503-00361892-00362336": "yeah the backbone thing yeah I I would think so", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00504-00362336-00362927": "but I I don't have never seen data suggesting that the same way that's been", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00505-00362927-00363716": "done with the c4 to c6 it's there any data that would give give reason for", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00506-00363716-00364274": "concern any hints I can't detect anything from what I hear you're saying", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00507-00364274-00364987": "there's no well just that DEP causes reproductive effects in adult mice", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00508-00364987-00365933": "OD MP don't have any did so no you're saying that both based on the RFD or", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00509-00365933-00366518": "point of departure and the exposure no I think we need to separate this out the", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00510-00366518-00367070": "RFDS it's guesswork but first we need to see is there any evidence quite", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00511-00367070-00367718": "independent from quantitating potency in terms of molarity or whatever is there", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00512-00367718-00368342": "any hint any evidence in the literature that would make us getting slightly", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00513-00368342-00368990": "concerned about DMP I can't detect anything no developmental talks mainly", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00514-00368990-00369503": "because it wasn't tested it's not crying well was tested but it found no effects", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00515-00369503-00369940": "okay then no that's that's that's different yeah", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00516-00369940-00371293": "so the cry first criterion adversity is clearly not fulfilled wouldn't you say", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00517-00371953-00372722": "that has an impact on the second criterion human relevance well no case", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00518-00372722-00373220": "to answer yeah it doesn't apply relevance is that there is minor", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00519-00373220-00374179": "exposure yeah so no further no further", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00520-00374188-00375035": "action flows from this my concern about this way of thinking though is then it", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00521-00375035-00375611": "seems like that these are the kinds of situations that that sort of pushed well", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00522-00375611-00376013": "not to continue to study some of these chemicals I think I'd rather have it the", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00523-00376013-00376426": "other way around where the burden is on", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00524-00376492-00376886": "in this case I'm not so worried cuz the exposure is so low but if the exposure", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00525-00376886-00377525": "jumped up two levels of DEP but there is some some data right but it's didn't", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00526-00377525-00378047": "show any effect it sound like there's zero yeah then the next question would", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00527-00378047-00378461": "be according to Chris I'm just following on from what you said a couple of", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00528-00378461-00378887": "minutes ago the next question then would be okay if we have poor data or very", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00529-00378887-00379619": "little data and I don't show my is there anything in the chemical structure that", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00530-00379619-00380051": "would make us conclude AHA looks slightly similar to one where we have", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00531-00380051-00380602": "more data and we where we are concerned but I can't see that fulfilled either", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00532-00380602-00380989": "Olga would you agree", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00533-00383513-00384305": "what a statement of this kind for a chemical where we have one study but", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00534-00384305-00384813": "it's an adequate study that generally falls below the threshold for making a", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00535-00384813-00385374": "risk decision because generally you'd like to see at least the teratology", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00536-00385374-00385982": "studies the developmental talk studies in a rodent and a non rodent tradition", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00537-00385982-00386702": "since the 1950s so I would call this a marginal database that does not show any", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00538-00386702-00387495": "hazard but acknowledges that there are data but it's it's marginal being only", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00539-00387495-00388186": "one study not replicated anyplace else oh that's better than no day to", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00540-00388186-00388872": "discredit bad but it's still a little below the threshold for being able to", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00541-00388872-00389333": "say with more confidence that it's been studied in more than one species perhaps", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00542-00389333-00389954": "more you have one side and the results are negative that's the case here one", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00543-00389954-00391020": "dose one study worse one dose may be easy to pick one dose of anything in", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00544-00391020-00391647": "straw that you control from the termite is okay now picking one low dose know it", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00545-00391647-00393083": "but it is a dose that with other phthalates it's clearly toxic look you", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00546-00393083-00393824": "would you want to say on the basis of that we need more data for DMP there", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00547-00393824-00394652": "reason to say more testing required we we can't say that because we don't have", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00548-00394652-00395180": "any authority to require anything well we could say that more data would be", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00549-00395180-00395999": "needed to follow more fully characterize the hazard this might represent yes but", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00550-00395999-00396621": "that's different from saying for example there are hints we there are marginal", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00551-00396621-00396992": "concerns and it would be good to have more data", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00552-00396992-00397752": "you see my point not in this ballpark with DMP wouldn't use my word marginal", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00553-00397752-00398435": "to relate to anything other than the the data that are available amount of data", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00554-00398435-00399119": "available to determine hazard is below the threshold as in this case if you", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00555-00399119-00400290": "expose rats to deh p DB p bv p di NP - the dose that they exposed EMP you would", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00556-00400290-00401073": "have had the full effect fat rat phthalate syndrome so in that case your", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00557-00401073-00401766": "your concern is is diminished yeah sure it's not a DAT P and it was done in us", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00558-00401766-00402372": "in a study in which they also expose rats to D HP at 750 milligrams per", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00559-00402372-00402896": "kilogram per day positive control yes", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00560-00403280-00404042": "well it was a reasonable screen but it's not a definitive study right", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00561-00404848-00405370": "would not be particularly high so the tentative conclusion for TMP would", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00562-00405370-00406351": "therefore be no further no further proposals not a not an interim ban", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00563-00406351-00407671": "nothing this time my concern is that then that means when there's no data", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00564-00407671-00408622": "then that's the good thing action in this case there there are data limited", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00565-00408622-00409414": "data I mean you know well but there's limited data in the context but I think", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00566-00409414-00409839": "we should keep keep in mind with what Bernie said in that this is an exercise", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00567-00409839-00410331": "and we're not voting or making a final decision yet so when we get to some of", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00568-00410331-00411004": "the other chemicals for which it really is no data to kind of see how we handle", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00569-00411004-00411825": "that and then we may come back and revisit etho or or not but this isn't", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00570-00411825-00412558": "isn't our final it's more of a kind of an exercise that's right just because", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00571-00412558-00412977": "there's no data and it doesn't let people off the hook and burn and I'll", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00572-00412977-00413737": "put together a recommendation for this one and DEP as well yeah for further", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00573-00413737-00414667": "consideration question is what can you recommend with no data well I I'm going", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00574-00414667-00415120": "I'm trying to get to the I think the thrust of Chris's argument is that no", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00575-00415120-00415714": "data is better well this this is an opportunity for us to make a statement", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00576-00415714-00416104": "about the absence of data even though we're not going to recommend interim ban", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00577-00416104-00416675": "or ban mm-hmm it isn't I really do hate to give the message that it's it's it's", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00578-00416675-00417241": "probably a good choice not to have data because they don't say anything well I", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00579-00417241-00417648": "agree with Chris fully that we shouldn't pass up the opportunity to make a", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00580-00417648-00418110": "statement that risk can't be judged with the small amount of data available on", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00581-00418110-00418358": "this count", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00582-00418464-00419281": "what do we recommend because it's got to be you know otherwise you know it's", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00583-00419281-00420091": "pie-in-the-sky it's like godmother and apple pie yeah it's still a damning", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00584-00420091-00420574": "statement to point out that there aren't enough data to make a risk judgment or", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00585-00420574-00421414": "to even know what the hazard is well it's a criticism of the people who own", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00586-00421414-00421978": "this chemical it's a criticism but I don't know if it's due its criticism of", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00587-00421978-00422506": "the sponsor of this chemical or it's a criticism of the system just wiring yes", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00588-00422506-00423025": "I would say it's more of a criticism of the system but you know we're going back", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00589-00423025-00423360": "to Tosca then you know look at industrial chemicals yeah", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00590-00423360-00423975": "chemicals being used in consumer products which is the great black hole I", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00591-00423975-00425068": "nanoparticles is such a mess I think the salad industry in general would be well", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00592-00425068-00425608": "served if more of the chemicals to which people were exposed had data behind them", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00593-00425608-00426712": "I agree and this is an opportunity for them to leave a message saying that so", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00594-00426712-00427150": "we can do that one by one or we can make it in a more general statement but every", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00595-00427150-00427555": "time one of these is identified as enough of a concern that it's banned", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00596-00427555-00428209": "it's a signal to the world that somebody didn't do their homework they should", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00597-00428209-00428707": "have anticipated that absence of an adequate database to protect human", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00598-00428707-00429145": "health and they could have done something about it but they haven't so", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00599-00429145-00429862": "the issue becomes this then that the absence the data doesn't make you bother", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00600-00429862-00430351": "yourself with the issue but question becomes is when is it sufficient now", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00601-00430351-00430792": "data to say no further action is necessary and it's chemical because it's", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00602-00430792-00431072": "not going to be a significant health concern", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00603-00431072-00431568": "I mean those those are issues we have to grapple with on all counts because bands", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00604-00431568-00432518": "interim bands and no further action should be our three criteria no three", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00605-00432518-00433176": "are three recommendations you mean yeah I'm sorry three I agree sorry Phil for", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00606-00433176-00433928": "me the threshold is to merit ology studies to developmental talk studies", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00607-00433928-00434360": "preferably in two different species a rodent and a non rodent and both well", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00608-00434360-00434850": "designed with adequate statistical power to be able to defect to detect an effect", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00609-00434850-00435447": "and to not have confounders that would mask an effect so that's that's my", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00610-00435447-00435872": "threshold okay that's fair it's good I", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00611-00436091-00437217": "guess I could put that in the commentary on my piece of the report it fit with", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00612-00437217-00437997": "Andreas I couldn't agree more guys are the experts", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00613-00437997-00438453": "yes and I'm you know I'm just I just hum it but I just made a comment on my", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00614-00438453-00438927": "threshold for Phil's part first of all for the reproductive studies is", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00615-00438927-00439616": "different they never asked for a reproductive studying in a non rodent", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00616-00439616-00440222": "yet but so the first there is a threshold in each area just like there's", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00617-00440222-00440585": "a threshold in the epidemiology area and maybe that's something that we need to", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00618-00440585-00440939": "comment on in each of our three sections", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00619-00441577-00442096": "yeah and it's it's a it's an issue that I grappled with in my section because", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00620-00442096-00442822": "there's a lot of studies relating to phthalates and in utero exposures but", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00621-00442822-00443501": "many of them were not designed to do to provide data that that Byrne would", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00622-00443501-00444176": "consider adequate mm-hmm they simply weren't so if we want to", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00623-00444176-00445031": "generate the kind of data that Chris needs many times we just wouldn't have", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00624-00445031-00446126": "it if we use Burns criteria so let me throw it into my ol park as well as", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00625-00446126-00446919": "huggers ballpark what do we consider is de minimis exposures beyond which", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00626-00446919-00447592": "there's no reason to think about in terms either biomonitoring numbers or in", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00627-00447592-00448292": "terms of calculated values or anyone or a number of routes of entry into the", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00628-00448292-00448789": "body clearly this question can't be answered without any information about", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00629-00448789-00449288": "the potency of the chemical in question well actually sure it has to have both", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00630-00449288-00449746": "those parts to it if it doesn't then it's a it's a it's a futile exercise but", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00631-00449746-00450167": "I think both of them have to put together this is an extremely low", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00632-00450167-00450926": "exposure is it a de minimis risk is what the issue without any information to you", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00633-00450926-00451751": "yeah I agree totally agree EP yeah well let Byrne and I will put together a", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00634-00451751-00452306": "recommendation for DEP and DM me and then at their next mm-hmm", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00635-00452306-00452978": "session we will discuss those and modify change but have we discussed DEP to the", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00636-00452978-00454294": "end no we can okay so DEP as I said in the same same boat same", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00637-00454294-00455485": "group did the same study one dose one study no effects but but in contrast to", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00638-00455485-00456427": "DMP we have now although imperfect but some hints indications from epidemiology", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00639-00456427-00457138": "but really distinguishes dep from DMV yes and and the exposure i'd say - yeah", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00640-00457138-00457482": "and the exposure differences", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00641-00457525-00458398": "thousand full difference the human evidence would raise concerns about", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00642-00458398-00458959": "adversity would you agree would raise concerns it does not prove", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00643-00458959-00459446": "adversity but it raises some concerns yes and and not just I mean the the", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00644-00459446-00460063": "endpoint was a GD but in the report or maybe in that smaller front section it's", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00645-00460063-00460475": "the recent studies in the last year showing associations between AGG and", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00646-00460475-00461030": "semen quality and adult men infertility and hypospadias you know it wasn't in", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00647-00461030-00461914": "the Swan study but basically supporting potentially that a GD is a surrogate for", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00648-00461914-00462479": "other developmental effects in the reproductive tract or fertility measures", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00649-00462479-00462955": "later in life so though there are three studies that were you know they're done", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00650-00462955-00463321": "on a different population they were just looking at do two boys with hypospadias", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00651-00463321-00463936": "have shorter AGD yes do men in an infertility clinic or men with", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00652-00463936-00464647": "infertility have shorter AGD than men with proven fertility yes and is there a", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00653-00464647-00465296": "relationship with semen quality and yes so I think that that adds more to it", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00654-00465296-00465982": "than just this is an anatomical marker that that it is associated with with", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00655-00465982-00466519": "function and development but then clearly the looking at the weight of", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00656-00466519-00467210": "evidence data quality of studies etc etc we have also short faults only only one", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00657-00467210-00467893": "one or two observations and I think according to Bernie's criteria this", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00658-00467893-00468545": "morning that would fall short of a recommendation for a permanent ban but", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00659-00468545-00469235": "the question is would it qualify for recommending an interim ban until", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00660-00469235-00470084": "further data are available proof margin of exposures just about three orders of", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00661-00470084-00471377": "magnitude I have a problem with this one because I am on the fence there's only", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00662-00471377-00472976": "one just there's only one human study right oh how I just can't well it's it's", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00663-00472976-00473513": "something we need to ya jobs into you know we're playing we're thinking a lot", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00664-00473513-00474460": "more I'm also unsure about it I don't know Oh based on based on read studies", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00665-00474460-00475052": "and the two dates and roaming rates and backbone chain length paradigm in rats", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00666-00475052-00475913": "that says backbone chain lengths from three carbons is a beautiful tonight to", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00667-00475913-00476510": "six carbons that's the dhp how I would say it could go from a three to seven", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00668-00476510-00477062": "including di and P we have the hotspot of activity", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00669-00477062-00478046": "so from these studies we thinking here we would expect that DEP if at all would", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00670-00478046-00478733": "be very very very weak other hand of course if we see that the exposure is", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00671-00478733-00479693": "very very high that would kind of level it out we have not", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00672-00479693-00480760": "real proven hockstader to wait the Osher in terms of risk or related to the", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00673-00480760-00481799": "hazard you have the human data and we have some indication that at very high", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00674-00481799-00482576": "doses we might see some effects that remind us of the effects that can be", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00675-00482576-00483020": "observed in afternoon syndrome I'm just citing from what you wrote down from the", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00676-00483020-00483943": "NTP report high doses df/de pf1 parental males had 32 percent increased prostate", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00677-00483943-00484349": "weight 30 percent decreased sperm concentration increased rates of", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00678-00484349-00485156": "dullness burns so at very high concentrations we might expect to see", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00679-00485156-00485474": "some effects indicating into this direction we put again which would again", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00680-00485474-00486080": "fit into the picture of well we're on the tail end of the whole tensor of the", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00681-00486080-00487093": "phthalates and VRD yesterday that may be the backbone paradigm might not be", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00682-00487093-00488116": "applicable in total to the humans that's a question yeah it's a question again", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00683-00488257-00489460": "meaning me more and more toward not wanting action is I couldn't stand", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00684-00489460-00489946": "weight of evidence I don't think there's enough weight to do", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00685-00490414-00491022": "but again this is all we're all speculating at this point I'm but this", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00686-00491022-00491468": "is good this is good conversation because this there's gonna be others", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00687-00491468-00492201": "would you obvious give you a little more information on the reproductive studies", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00688-00492201-00492735": "because there is a second study beyond the NTP study and it's one reported by a", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00689-00492735-00493545": "few G it's a two generation reproductive study in rats in amounts to provide one", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00690-00493545-00494151": "over one thousand and fourteen hundred milligrams per kilogram per day and they", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00691-00494151-00495368": "saw nothing Oh buddy by the NTP mostly dose levels ranging from 250 to five", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00692-00495368-00495837": "forty five hundred milligrams per kilogram per day or they saw the things", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00693-00495837-00496332": "that are consistent with what were reported in humans that was in mice and", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00694-00496332-00497241": "then buddy in bats reasonably well designed it's a 2005 study it's not in", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00695-00497241-00498429": "1946 study oh nothing their their highest Osten reached that's", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00696-00498429-00499376": "right still it's lower yep it's with holger's argument that should we change", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00697-00501643-00503038": "lack of information on that one be a point of departure kilogram per day Noel", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00698-00504199-00504929": "if we can talk about identifying a point of departure for that oh well we're told", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00699-00504929-00506068": "me going back to the criteria I'm very uncomfortable fine - yes we don't have", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00700-00506068-00506489": "an updated to make a decision yes Paul what I'm I'm not at that", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00701-00506489-00506882": "question yet I'm still back at the question is it is for reproductive", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00702-00506882-00507289": "effects there's there a threshold of data here and because there are two", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00703-00507289-00507643": "multi-generational reproductive studies in two different species there probably", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00704-00507643-00508018": "is a threshold of reproductive data here but that doesn't answer the question of", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00705-00508018-00509453": "the phthalate syndrome and the existence of the human data and I also might point", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00706-00509453-00509924": "out that in the Fucci study they say they observed decreased serum", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00707-00509924-00510662": "testosterone levels and increased trayless burns but they did did not", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00708-00510662-00511189": "consider it as significant so again this is just free thinking allowed a hint", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00709-00511189-00512297": "that we might be at the lower end of activity yeah I hope that you know if we", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00710-00512297-00512900": "write this up we take the information from Russ's part we take information", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00711-00512900-00513416": "when Chris and hold yours part on terms of exposure and we take apart from the", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00712-00513416-00513893": "repro - art from the developmental and put together into a document that we can", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00713-00513893-00514379": "share with everyone and then we go over this again then I think we have it all", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00714-00514379-00514925": "in front of us and we can say okay there's this is what we have what are we", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00715-00514925-00515365": "going to do with it it's helpful for to me they have", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00716-00515365-00515963": "something in black and white in front of me too rather than just hearing tidbits", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00717-00515963-00516571": "from different people that I can't assimilate and keep my brain well for", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00718-00516571-00517307": "DMP we can write the complete paragraph but for the EP I think we need to figure", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00719-00517307-00518065": "out where do we where do we come down on this as is that this is worse than no", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00720-00518065-00518558": "data because we have a lot of exposure and we have a rapport with information", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00721-00518558-00519035": "in animals and humans yeah but it's the question is is it enough to recommend a", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00722-00519035-00519728": "regulatory action and identify that this one is a close call and this is one", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00723-00519728-00520192": "where we may need more data and more sophisticated studies - yeah my feeling", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00724-00520192-00520631": "is right now now it's leading to me to say we need more sophisticated studies", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00725-00520631-00521539": "to reduce the uncertainty and maybe find hovers point of you know very we can", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00726-00521539-00522014": "make a statement of that kind I think it was a reasonable way to think about this", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00727-00522014-00523907": "this one's very interesting so dibp bv p DB p eh p o di BP is on the interim", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00728-00523907-00525503": "right Oh No or is it Europe isn't is it yes it's included right oh it's not", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00729-00525503-00526019": "included but it it's labeled a reproductive agent category 2 and", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00730-00526019-00526423": "therefore it is forbidden in cosmetics that's right but it's not on the interim", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00731-00526423-00526648": "and", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00732-00526657-00527552": "through because it's an isoform which was not taken to account they've made a", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00733-00527552-00527977": "statement about its hazard but they haven't", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00734-00528001-00529045": "officially labeled 2000 is 2009", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00735-00529903-00530725": "though the DVP and BBP and dhp were finished right partly the band ones were", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00736-00530725-00531625": "finished yeah so the interim band the NOP that one", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00737-00531625-00532033": "next yeah we unfortunately we can't we don't", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00738-00532033-00533674": "have the high exposure modeling intake yet those for the last three how soon is", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00739-00533674-00534394": "Monday help us today we're trying to figure out what we can do yet this", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00740-00534394-00535072": "afternoon or tomorrow morning otherwise we won't be together again for another", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00741-00535072-00535668": "one what about noon tomorrow right", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00742-00535668-00536208": "okay I'll try to have something by tomorrow morning good", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00743-00536208-00537262": "okay all right well that's that's true for all the last three correct yeah the", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00744-00537262-00537799": "last three are in the same category we have the median estimates but we don't", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00745-00537799-00538444": "have the high exposure modeling estimates correct yes the only one", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00746-00538444-00538923": "remain then is dibp dibp", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00747-00539504-00540683": "that one has no exposure where there's very low exposure and in the Swan study", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00748-00540683-00541381": "there was an association with shortened age indeed with mi bebe", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00749-00542308-00542756": "that's some tab light so it's the di Biasi", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00750-00542756-00543184": "it's the intermediate so it's the dibp okay all right", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00751-00543184-00543853": "bullies knew all these acronyms give me a little confused after a while", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00752-00543916-00544570": "Edie is the same Swan paper that the MEP", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00753-00545485-00546370": "should we start with the hazard for the I II P what are the experimental data", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00754-00546370-00547443": "like the IDP the IDP do ya BP right oh", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00755-00547515-00548949": "the third oh sorry yeah that dibp there are two studies by Salem fade one in", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00756-00548949-00550356": "2006 was a really big study supposed in gestation day six to twenty and they saw", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00757-00550356-00550783": "increase in male fetuses with undescended testes at five hundred", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00758-00550783-00551929": "milligrams per kilogram per day another study in 2008 somewhat smaller study", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00759-00551929-00552691": "reduced male AGD and proce natal day one increased nipple retention those are at", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00760-00552691-00553432": "250 milligrams per kilogram per day also delayed onset of puberty and increased", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00761-00553432-00553933": "hypo speediest undescended testes and that was at 500 milligrams per kilogram", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00762-00553933-00554782": "per day those were the two studies that really were of sufficient magnitude to", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00763-00554782-00556074": "determine a Nowell Nowell and based on the more conservative of the two studies", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00764-00556074-00556884": "a no well was chosen of 125 milligrams per kilogram per day", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00765-00558223-00558686": "and there were you know there are other studies that that weren't of what we", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00766-00558686-00559309": "would call sufficient magnitude but found basically the same effects at the", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00767-00559309-00560234": "same similar concentration or doses I feel pretty confident in that Noel is in", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00768-00560234-00561046": "the ballpark or the developmental talks so we have good quality studies or", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00769-00561046-00561838": "reasonable quality reasonable quality yes adversity yes relevance to humans", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00770-00561838-00562138": "fulfilled", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00771-00563034-00563717": "reproductive studies on dibp there are no animal studies that are multi that", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00772-00563717-00564134": "either are single generation or multi-generational reproductive studies", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00773-00564134-00564724": "so there are non generational studies for animals we looked at histologically", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00774-00564724-00565517": "for adverse effects on the testes but no no product no generation data who had a", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00775-00565517-00566330": "study looking for testicular effects in male adolescent rats given the IBP", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00776-00566330-00566824": "for up to seven days at dose levels ranging from 100 to 1000 milligrams per", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00777-00566824-00567305": "kilogram per day and there was a significant increase in testa's weights", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00778-00567305-00567853": "increasing that appetite appetite ik spermatogenic cells disorganization and", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00779-00567853-00568443": "reduced by mentum filaments in sertoli cells at those levels of 500 and higher", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00780-00568443-00569153": "well there no effect level here would be 300 milligrams per kilogram per day in", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00781-00569153-00569684": "this non reproductive study and there was another and that's the study that's", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00782-00569684-00570892": "reported in 2010 the other study was one reported by Hajj in 1954 and it was the", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00783-00570892-00571358": "effects of dibp in a four-month subchronic study in rats", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00784-00571358-00572416": "and the dose levels were 67 738 or 509 5960 milligrams per kilogram per day", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00785-00572416-00572894": "absolute and relative test us weights were significantly decreased at the high", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00786-00572894-00573457": "dose level so then no L was 738 milligrams per kilogram per day", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00787-00573457-00574169": "that's just weight fluctuates with changes in body weight so it's very in a", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00788-00574169-00575437": "study that 1954 rats were not very homogeneous very difficult to rule", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00789-00575845-00576406": "toxicity is generally like decreased weight gain in a formal study that", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00790-00576406-00577117": "wouldn't be uncommon to find a change in my intestines weight it was not", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00791-00577117-00577700": "reflected it you know would not be reflected in fucked it is nothing in a", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00792-00577700-00578393": "reproductive static oh it it's a signal it's data on the right organ but it's", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00793-00578393-00579080": "not very definitive information study by Zoo would be more definitive so I think", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00794-00579080-00579578": "the answer here is there are there are no reproductive studies there are two", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00795-00579578-00580132": "other studies where authors looked at the test this as part of another study", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00796-00580243-00581954": "very happy The Swan paper plus we have the harness at all study 2011 from a", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00797-00581954-00582617": "Grace group terminating the relative potency factors for several their lights", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00798-00582617-00583394": "on fetal testes endpoints including testosterone reduction and test take the", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00799-00583394-00584159": "gene expression and they found that the IBP reduced fetal testicular", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00800-00584159-00584584": "testosterone production with a similar potency to DEHP", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00801-00584584-00585415": "and they found that the IVP was even slightly more potent than the EP with", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00802-00585415-00587486": "using star and sip 11:18 expression levels Abramson anise Earl Grey it mean", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00803-00587486-00588125": "that this point of departure could be five thousand which is why in case two V", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00804-00588125-00589277": "with different point of departures also this study is not cannot be used to", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00805-00589277-00589711": "derive a noble or a point of departure it can be used to compare the relative", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00806-00589711-00589992": "potencies", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00807-00590353-00591238": "so with that justify altering that point of departure now okay so that's the", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00808-00591238-00591431": "point so we originally said we were gonna work", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00809-00591431-00591961": "through this exercise using our case three estimates for reference doses", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00810-00591961-00592648": "which turned into points of departures to consider other cases like other", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00811-00592648-00593429": "rationale for coming up with a value one of those where you really feel", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00812-00593429-00594361": "comfortable doing too high or based upon the real the data that we've just looked", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00813-00594361-00595340": "at and what you summarized this is why k-stew we decided to have a point of", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00814-00595340-00596007": "departure comparable to dhp I feel comfortable or uncomfortable with this", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00815-00596007-00596634": "point of departure here but we have in case three here with this point of", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00816-00596634-00597390": "departure is a different approach we base it on Studies on literature data", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00817-00597390-00597807": "and we have to be aware that these are all studies from possibly different", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00818-00597807-00598290": "groups different authors different years and different study designs okay then", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00819-00598290-00598913": "let me let me cut to the chase straight away so we have point of departure", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00820-00598913-00599501": "similar to the HP from a study well suggested in a study that's really not", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00821-00599501-00600157": "set up for deriving point of departure then you require a higher margin of", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00822-00600157-00600696": "safety of around thousand maybe you can't I don't know but we are getting", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00823-00600696-00601369": "with that one into the gray zone here although the exposures are low mm-hmm", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00824-00601376-00602253": "your point of departure becomes oh where what's the how does the value change is", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00825-00602253-00603042": "reduced by a factor of ten well if you if you twenty a hundred five thousand", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00826-00603042-00603780": "yeah fifty its factor fifty right so factor fifty so we're in you're right", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00827-00603780-00604646": "we're in the gray zone absolutely crazy so to summarize adversity relevance to", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00828-00604646-00605579": "human hmm salad syndrome and risk assessment gives borderline so what do", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00829-00605579-00607187": "we do with that quite a lot of criteria fulfilled if let me start it off is", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00830-00607187-00607796": "there anything on this in the space of evidence that would lead us to argue it", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00831-00607796-00608267": "falls a little short of proposing a permanent ban so which would then", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00832-00608267-00609121": "consequently lead us to propose an interim ban anything so quite a bit of", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00833-00609121-00609451": "discrepancy between what the point of departure is so again if that could be", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00834-00609451-00609823": "studied a little further to where you could really come down on a point of", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00835-00609823-00610844": "departure that would make it a clearer picture this thing is interim if you had", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00836-00610844-00611312": "to make a decision now you're leaning because it's in the gray area but with", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00837-00611312-00611867": "the fact that there is uncertainty but the some of the studies have been moving", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00838-00611867-00612833": "toward meeting the Craig the criteria that andreas but you have to remember", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00839-00612833-00613390": "too you have the human data so with I mean if we kind of think about keeping", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00840-00613390-00613967": "the bar consistent as we go through these if with DEP we didn't have the", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00841-00613967-00614621": "animal data and we had that same Swan study and we were approaching a grey", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00842-00614621-00615428": "zone with the IBP we have the same Swan study plus we have some animal data plus", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00843-00615428-00616208": "you know we have the exposure data so the bar is moving I think as we're going", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00844-00616208-00617188": "from chemical from DEP to in this case dibp because we have more information", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00845-00617269-00618655": "I didn't say that on the same wavelength that we're thinking you're saying I", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00846-00618655-00619367": "would say either an interim ban or a ban I would want to review especially the", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00847-00619367-00619907": "tox data more to have more on that but I would say it I'm at a minimum the the", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00848-00619907-00620521": "interim ban just given that where the bar was for DEP and that single human", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00849-00620521-00621194": "study and the lack really of animal studies whereas here we have more but", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00850-00621194-00621683": "the major difference in between here is holger's and Chris's comes in hunger in", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00851-00621683-00622202": "terms of DEP we're talking about low toxicity and every everywhere we're", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00852-00622202-00622696": "constantly coming up with that number where we're coming down with Chris's", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00853-00622696-00623231": "point was that we're talking about uncertainty with respect to what the", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00854-00623231-00623713": "point of departure is but there is ya with diabetes", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00855-00623713-00624263": "even though it's you know it's moving me more towards the interim ban and", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00856-00624263-00624653": "finalize it once you get a better point of departure you know it's it's", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00857-00624653-00624833": "definitely moved me in that direction too", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00858-00624833-00625598": "yeah plus looking at enhanced data we have to be aware that the body burdens", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00859-00625598-00626029": "nearly tripled in the last eight years", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00860-00626035-00626673": "yes we have to assume that it's coming on to the market as a replacement for", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00861-00626673-00627498": "Diane BP so the numbers show that exposures rose from geometric means of", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00862-00627498-00628151": "2.54 to 7.22 and that's overall percentiles that's in micrograms price", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00863-00628151-00628966": "of replacement of what for what fried for diet and beautiful delayed and", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00864-00629373-00630226": "that's a process that already took place in Europe it was the 1.9 here is is that", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00865-00630226-00630802": "reflecting the it's the increase over time or no no I", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00866-00630802-00631971": "would assume that data from today would be higher how did this so how did your", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00867-00631971-00632428": "app handle this I mean they replaced a with being and reached it and reach into", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00868-00632428-00633220": "the issue I mean I'm not sure I understand you're replacing one with", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00869-00633220-00634450": "another and no testing had been done prior to the replacement now in Europe", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00870-00634450-00635171": "dibp is labeled but until 2009 we saw the process in in the biomonitoring data", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00871-00635171-00635868": "that the replacement processor to place because the NBP was labeled in 2004", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00872-00635868-00636850": "thoughts for it I also want to make some comments about how we derived the no", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00873-00636850-00637453": "well so we set the bar which will be described in in my section of the 30", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00874-00637453-00638107": "page document about how we chose the study that defined the no L which I've", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00875-00638107-00638946": "just given you the the study but there are other studies if and as I think", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00876-00638946-00639436": "holter just referred to if if you were to go to the Hannah study and if you", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00877-00639436-00640291": "were to choose the effect that they show that sip 11 a expression was decreased", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00878-00640291-00640867": "significantly at a hundred milligrams per kilogram per day then the no L would", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00879-00640867-00642169": "be fifty different yeah but that study was not designed to develop a no L by my", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00880-00642169-00642398": "criteria", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00881-00643051-00643580": "the meaning if properly tested we would with that endpoint probably get to Noel", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00882-00643580-00644221": "that's even lower yes yeah had they done it yeah which push syringe with the", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00883-00644221-00644780": "modulus exposure consideration into the grade zone here we have quite a lot of", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00884-00644780-00645346": "criteria fulfilled why I mean in my mind now this is between interim ban and", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00885-00645346-00646052": "permanent somewhere it's not and and you know I could write that up is you know", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00886-00646052-00646546": "if we if we set these standards for choosing the study that's going to", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00887-00646546-00647129": "determine though well this is what we're going to get if we go to other studies", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00888-00647129-00647681": "and use other criteria this is what we're going to have and now we're in a", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00889-00647681-00648623": "different area in terms of our recommendation what do we feel do these", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00890-00648623-00649240": "criteria make sense this seems what do you what do you think I think they're", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00891-00649240-00649775": "fruitful no very fruitful I mean if you if you if you believe that you know the", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00892-00649775-00650456": "the the rat phthalate syndrome starts with changes in gene expression and", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00893-00650456-00651017": "testosterone synthesis decrease in that then funnels down to all the other", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00894-00651017-00651748": "changes then you know SIP 11a is a very important initial change and there's no", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00895-00651748-00652717": "reason why you can select that to determine your Noel I'm happy with our", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00896-00652717-00653546": "discussion I think we've made the thing that I think we haven't really addressed", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00897-00653546-00654238": "yet is we haven't thought of them as a set we've we've thought of them as a", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00898-00654238-00654721": "status in terms of the hazardous but", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00899-00654754-00655580": "then go from this to hazard index or do we try to accumulate something here well", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00900-00655580-00655990": "I think we have to do both and it's not mutually exclusive but we have to do", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00901-00655990-00656664": "this exercise here then derive additional information", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00902-00656664-00657444": "additional criteria from consideration of cumulative expert they'll also tell", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00903-00657444-00658071": "you it also leans toward the idea of doing more complex mixture studies if", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00904-00658071-00658605": "you're gonna do this aggregation that you're suggesting and I agree with you", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00905-00658605-00659199": "know it's it's better to look at the groups in total when you're thinking", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00906-00659199-00659808": "about how you doing directly yeah it makes more sense because that's what", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00907-00659808-00660399": "we're gonna be living with each day so based on hollow criteria I would propose", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00908-00660399-00661578": "to propose the IPP for a permanent then I would agree with that who would like", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00909-00661578-00662826": "to write that one up for our subsequent discussion it's d IB P P yep the one we", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00910-00662826-00663978": "just discussed the write-ups for for the I mean they're gonna contain different", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00911-00663978-00664488": "components right so you'll certainly one of few lines or someone's gonna have", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00912-00664488-00665214": "ongoing human studies exact lines on the talks a few lines on the exposure to", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00913-00665214-00665754": "something that gather we can all look at and then say that's that's it or modify", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00914-00665754-00666393": "it at this stage is can be pretty rough yes something yep yeah but I would", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00915-00666393-00667026": "recommend that every one of our reviews has the same element so that we we agree", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00916-00667026-00667689": "on the format the template for this and then we'll use exactly the same template", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00917-00667689-00668181": "even if in some cases it's it see the relevance might be assumed or its known", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00918-00668181-00668802": "or we may have some blanks here but if we all use the same template then we're", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00919-00668802-00669536": "not creating new words and new concepts from one chemical to another do have", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00920-00669536-00670427": "issues though we're doing this right now total absence of information about the", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00921-00670427-00671140": "levels that lead to exposures in kids toys based upon chemical structure and", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00922-00671140-00671767": "based upon toxicology based upon studies but it's not addressing the fundamental", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00923-00671767-00672419": "question of the kids toys again we have to somewhere in that have to factor it", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00924-00672419-00673048": "in and it's it's it's it's the issue that we have to grapple with although we", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00925-00673048-00673573": "can rake them and make recommendations about other agencies dealing with the", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00926-00673573-00673996": "total exposure issues we still have this other burning issue that we will", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00927-00673996-00674573": "eventually fill in the gap but I don't lose that thought it's this point in", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00928-00674573-00675088": "time but I'm just trying to get us one step closer yeah I agree that having", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00929-00675088-00675463": "recommendations we can modify these add to them", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00930-00675463-00675953": "well the question I have is we say we're gonna do a permanent band based for what", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00931-00675953-00676696": "you know just for toys for the chemical itself I'm not sure where I'm again a", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00932-00676696-00677213": "little bit in confusion about what you mean well we can't get we can't ignore", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00933-00677213-00677771": "the charge here's our remit you know we can't pontificate about a general ban of", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00934-00677771-00678275": "course it has to be in in cap racks and toys as defined by the Act that's", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00935-00678275-00678634": "because we're making recommendations of CPSC and that's that that's the only", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00936-00678634-00679096": "thing I want us to remind ourselves that we have to constantly go back to throw", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00937-00679096-00679850": "back to that question so as we see as we see the levels of that maybe a", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00938-00679850-00680432": "qualitative statement these are bad effects you know those you may be very", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00939-00680432-00680998": "minor to children's toys yes bad chemicals in children's toys but the", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00940-00680998-00681828": "CPSC is only can deal with factor X Y or Z not abcdefg", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00941-00682129-00682549": "I would suggest again trying to achieve consistency and what we're going to", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00942-00682549-00683140": "write down that there would be six pieces to this one in addition to the", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00943-00683140-00683701": "name of the chemical but nature of the adverse effects second would be the", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00944-00683701-00684259": "relevance to humans third would be the weight of evidence fourth would be risk", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00945-00684259-00685003": "to arrest consideration it would be the recommendation itself and the sixth one", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00946-00685003-00685479": "would be would this recommendation affect exposure of children", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00947-00685479-00686317": "phalates to this specific talent oh that we have that answer every time even", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00948-00686317-00686701": "today's discussion we I wrote it down on the first one but I don't have an answer", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00949-00686701-00687382": "to that under last three oh I I didn't ask myself for the rest of you that", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00950-00687382-00688060": "question and that that will come as you've got the analyses but you're close", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00951-00688060-00688393": "to finishing up and getting to us because I think the main thing to get to", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00952-00688393-00689332": "us or this analysis eventually will be the differentiation either as percent of", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00953-00689332-00690259": "exposure of the exposure that right from kids toys versus other routes and by", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00954-00690259-00690793": "route of entry to it could be kids toys by incidental digestion it could be done", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00955-00690793-00691387": "by a direct ingestion through sucking it could be a whole host of issues we have", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00956-00691387-00692260": "to figure out the body burden now it's due to the kids toys but we have to be", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00957-00692260-00692695": "aware that probably also for the IPP there's a lack of data on the exposure", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00958-00692695-00693472": "side because the IPP I think has only been regularly measured as an isoform", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00959-00693472-00694138": "not in a sunbeam MVP for a couple of years so we have to be very probably the", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00960-00694138-00694973": "data is very many more but something we have to talk about", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00961-00695900-00696790": "you tackle the dibp take lit I'll get your arms around it write up a paragraph", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00962-00696790-00698221": "thank you think we'll break for today and tomorrow we'll come back and tackle", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00963-00698221-00699845": "the remaining phthalates and phthalates substitutes thank you all so tomorrow", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00964-00699845-00700192": "we're gonna meet at 9:00", "j0iIJx2nuNY-00965-00701415-00702167": "Mike let's meet at 8:30 tomorrow okay so we're gonna meet at 8:30"}}, {"audio_id": "j0jRsd9beV8", "text": {"j0jRsd9beV8-00000-00000758-00001506": "For the purposes of working on your research paper assignment,  you may want to find scholarly articles that have appeared in law reviews.", "j0jRsd9beV8-00001-00002235-00002868": "The best database that the Library has for doing that is called Nexis Uni.  From the", "j0jRsd9beV8-00002-00002868-00003362": "Library homepage we'll navigate to that by going to the databases and articles", "j0jRsd9beV8-00003-00003362-00003650": "tab,", "j0jRsd9beV8-00004-00003695-00004873": "then we'll go alphabetically, and choose the database here.  Off-campus you'd be", "j0jRsd9beV8-00005-00004873-00005305": "challenged for your Odin credential at this point, and once you type it in", "j0jRsd9beV8-00006-00005305-00005921": "you're going to be right here at the database page. Nexis Uni includes a lot", "j0jRsd9beV8-00007-00005921-00006608": "of material: law reviews,  legal news,  newspapers,  full text of magazines,  some", "j0jRsd9beV8-00008-00006608-00007061": "news transcripts,  company information,  financial information -  kind of a", "j0jRsd9beV8-00009-00007061-00007634": "hodge podge of information types. To the left of the search box that we saw", "j0jRsd9beV8-00010-00007634-00008261": "on the front page, you can click on this all Nexis Uni and then you have", "j0jRsd9beV8-00011-00008261-00008819": "content collections so you can choose to focus what you're searching", "j0jRsd9beV8-00012-00008819-00009170": "for. We'll say law reviews and also legal", "j0jRsd9beV8-00013-00009170-00009710": "news.  Legal news of course won't be scholarly law review articles, but there", "j0jRsd9beV8-00014-00009710-00010379": "may be very interesting events that will be sufaced by choosing legal news.  I'm", "j0jRsd9beV8-00015-00010379-00010704": "going to use for example", "j0jRsd9beV8-00016-00010720-00011140": "that I'm choosing to write a paper exploring what some of the issues", "j0jRsd9beV8-00017-00011140-00011769": "are with work-for-hire and joint authors in the book publishing field.", "j0jRsd9beV8-00018-00011815-00012307": "My search statement is going to look like this...", "j0jRsd9beV8-00019-00012575-00013028": "What i'm doing here is putting phrases in quotes, telling the search", "j0jRsd9beV8-00020-00013028-00013535": "engine these three words have to be in this order and right next to each other,", "j0jRsd9beV8-00021-00013535-00014138": "'and' signals to the search engine that all three of these terms", "j0jRsd9beV8-00022-00014138-00014756": "have to be there.  Then just click the search button at the bottom to execute", "j0jRsd9beV8-00023-00014756-00015533": "the search.  Now we're looking at the results of a search and we can click on", "j0jRsd9beV8-00024-00015533-00016529": "the title of the article and it will come up and here we are looking at the", "j0jRsd9beV8-00025-00016529-00017044": "full text of the article with the terms that we've used in our search", "j0jRsd9beV8-00026-00017044-00017720": "highlighted. You can return to the  list of results just up here on the", "j0jRsd9beV8-00027-00017720-00018503": "upper right; clicking on results list will take you back to the other articles", "j0jRsd9beV8-00028-00018503-00019192": "that you've found from your search.  If  you have any more questions from this", "j0jRsd9beV8-00029-00019192-00019881": "video or any other library questions please don't hesitate to ask."}}, {"audio_id": "j0jYuDtz1zo", "text": {"j0jYuDtz1zo-00000-00000721-00001127": "Congress Wants to Take Away Obama’s Pension After They Made Shocking Discovery", "j0jYuDtz1zo-00001-00001127-00001569": "Now, this has to be the best news we’ve heard in a long time.", "j0jYuDtz1zo-00002-00001569-00002023": "Congress has now officially put Barack Hussein Obama on notice that his generous Tax Payer", "j0jYuDtz1zo-00003-00002023-00002454": "funded pension would be taken away if he keeps living like the life of the high rolling,", "j0jYuDtz1zo-00004-00002454-00002672": "jet-setting elitist that he thinks he is.", "j0jYuDtz1zo-00005-00002672-00003175": "It’s being reported that Congress is taking a second look at and might be canceling his", "j0jYuDtz1zo-00006-00003175-00003467": "$400,000 taxpayer-funded pension.", "j0jYuDtz1zo-00007-00003467-00003836": "The bill which was introduced while Obama was still in office would forfeit the pension", "j0jYuDtz1zo-00008-00003836-00004242": "if any former president made more than $200,000 per year.", "j0jYuDtz1zo-00009-00004242-00004680": "Of course because Obama saw what was coming when it came to his own pocketbook he vetoed", "j0jYuDtz1zo-00010-00004680-00004780": "it.", "j0jYuDtz1zo-00011-00004780-00004992": "But under President Trump the reality is different.", "j0jYuDtz1zo-00012-00004992-00005328": "$400,000 just to give a speech?", "j0jYuDtz1zo-00013-00005328-00005761": "A speech that most certainly involved the word “I” at least 60% of the time?", "j0jYuDtz1zo-00014-00005761-00005919": "Are you kidding me?", "j0jYuDtz1zo-00015-00005919-00006153": "Come on people, this is a no-brainer.", "j0jYuDtz1zo-00016-00006153-00006523": "There is no reason why we the taxpayers need to be paying these bums a pension for the", "j0jYuDtz1zo-00017-00006523-00006688": "rest of their lives.", "j0jYuDtz1zo-00018-00006688-00007040": "Even presidents who weren’t rich when elected to the office leave rich after eight years", "j0jYuDtz1zo-00019-00007040-00007420": "of cheating and stealing from the hard-working people of this country.", "j0jYuDtz1zo-00020-00007420-00007718": "Here is more on this via USA Today:", "j0jYuDtz1zo-00021-00007718-00008107": "“WASHINGTON — Last year, then-president Barack Obama vetoed a bill that would have", "j0jYuDtz1zo-00022-00008107-00008704": "curbed the pensions of former presidents if they took outside income of $400,000 or more.", "j0jYuDtz1zo-00023-00008704-00009232": "So now that former president Barack Obama has decided to accept $400,000 for an upcoming", "j0jYuDtz1zo-00024-00009232-00009659": "Wall Street speech, the sponsors of that bill say they’ll reintroduce that bill in hopes", "j0jYuDtz1zo-00025-00009659-00009852": "that President Trump will sign it.", "j0jYuDtz1zo-00026-00009852-00010525": "“The Obama hypocrisy on this issue is revealing,” said Rep. Jason Chaffetz, R-Utah, chairman", "j0jYuDtz1zo-00027-00010525-00010960": "of the House Oversight and Government Reform Committee and sponsor of the 2016 bill.", "j0jYuDtz1zo-00028-00010960-00011153": "“His veto was very self-serving.”", "j0jYuDtz1zo-00029-00011153-00011801": "Chaffetz and Sen. Joni Ernst, R-Iowa, the sponsor of the companion Senate bill, say", "j0jYuDtz1zo-00030-00011801-00012221": "they will re-introduce the Presidential Allowance Modernization Act this month.", "j0jYuDtz1zo-00031-00012221-00012887": "The bill would cap presidential pensions at $200,000, with another $200,000 for expenses.", "j0jYuDtz1zo-00032-00012887-00013505": "But those payments would be reduced dollar-for-dollar once their outside income exceeds $400,000.", "j0jYuDtz1zo-00033-00013505-00013905": "The issue isn’t a partisan one — or at least, it wasn’t last year.", "j0jYuDtz1zo-00034-00013905-00014315": "The bill passed both the House and Senate with no opposition, and no veto threat had", "j0jYuDtz1zo-00035-00014315-00014512": "come from the White House.", "j0jYuDtz1zo-00036-00014512-00014946": "So when Obama’s veto came one Friday night last July — on the last day for him to sign", "j0jYuDtz1zo-00037-00014946-00015311": "or veto the legislation — it took lawmakers by surprise.", "j0jYuDtz1zo-00038-00015311-00015600": "It was the 11th of Obama’s 12 vetoes.", "j0jYuDtz1zo-00039-00015600-00015972": "At the time, Obama argued that the bill would have “unintended consequences” and “impose", "j0jYuDtz1zo-00040-00015972-00016430": "onerous and unreasonable burdens” on former presidents by requiring them to immediately", "j0jYuDtz1zo-00041-00016430-00016764": "lay off staff and find new office space.", "j0jYuDtz1zo-00042-00016764-00017160": "Republican leaders did not call up the bill for a veto override, which would have required", "j0jYuDtz1zo-00043-00017160-00017476": "a two-thirds majority in both chambers.", "j0jYuDtz1zo-00044-00017476-00017746": "Democrats say they won’t necessarily oppose changes.", "j0jYuDtz1zo-00045-00017746-00018330": "Rep. Elijah Cummings, D-Md., the top Democrat on Chaffetz’s committee, was a co-sponsor", "j0jYuDtz1zo-00046-00018330-00018478": "of the original bill.", "j0jYuDtz1zo-00047-00018478-00018892": "“Cummings definitely supports the concept, and if we can work out the technical issues", "j0jYuDtz1zo-00048-00018892-00019283": "with the bill that arose late in the last Congress, we expect he would strongly support", "j0jYuDtz1zo-00049-00019283-00019662": "it again,” said spokeswoman Jennifer Hoffman Werner.", "j0jYuDtz1zo-00050-00019662-00019948": "Trump has not taken a position on the legislation.", "j0jYuDtz1zo-00051-00019948-00020387": "But during the campaign, he said he’d take a close look at pensions for elected officials", "j0jYuDtz1zo-00052-00020387-00020586": "— especially members of Congress.", "j0jYuDtz1zo-00053-00020586-00021045": "“The first thing I’m going to do is tell you that if I’m elected president, I’m", "j0jYuDtz1zo-00054-00021045-00021449": "accepting no salary, OK?” he said at a town hall in 2015.", "j0jYuDtz1zo-00055-00021449-00021894": "“They get benefits that nobody else can even think about, OK.", "j0jYuDtz1zo-00056-00021894-00022086": "And they don’t like to talk about it.", "j0jYuDtz1zo-00057-00022086-00022277": "But we’ll work on that.”", "j0jYuDtz1zo-00058-00022277-00022756": "Under the Former Presidents Act, the nation’s five living former presidents — Jimmy Carter,", "j0jYuDtz1zo-00059-00022756-00022856": "George H.W.", "j0jYuDtz1zo-00060-00022856-00023369": "Bush, Bill Clinton, George W. Bush and Obama — get a pension equal to the salary of a", "j0jYuDtz1zo-00061-00023369-00023946": "current cabinet secretary: $207,800 in 2017.", "j0jYuDtz1zo-00062-00023946-00024551": "They also get $150,000 to pay staff, and “suitable office space, appropriately furnished and", "j0jYuDtz1zo-00063-00024551-00024651": "equipped.”", "j0jYuDtz1zo-00064-00024651-00025392": "In 2015, the entire benefit package ranged from $430,000 for Carter to $1.1 million for", "j0jYuDtz1zo-00065-00025392-00025586": "George W. Bush.", "j0jYuDtz1zo-00066-00025586-00026098": "With Obama joining the club as of Jan. 20, the 2017 spending bill approved by the House", "j0jYuDtz1zo-00067-00026098-00026664": "Wednesday contained nearly $3.9 million for all the former presidents through Sept. 30", "j0jYuDtz1zo-00068-00026664-00027012": "— a $588,000 annual increase.", "j0jYuDtz1zo-00069-00027012-00027518": "Obama spokesman Kevin Lewis said the former president had no comment on the legislation.", "j0jYuDtz1zo-00070-00027518-00027964": "Obama has already shown he has considerable potential to raise money in his post-presidential", "j0jYuDtz1zo-00071-00027964-00028064": "career.", "j0jYuDtz1zo-00072-00028064-00028512": "He and his wife Michelle have signed a publishing deal for two separate books, which the Financial", "j0jYuDtz1zo-00073-00028512-00028820": "Times reported was worth at least $65 million.", "j0jYuDtz1zo-00074-00028820-00029289": "And the Wall Street speech — a health care conference planned by investment firm Cantor", "j0jYuDtz1zo-00075-00029289-00029733": "Fitzgerald in September — will reportedly net him another $400,000.", "j0jYuDtz1zo-00076-00029733-00030292": "“President Obama will deliver speeches from time to time,” said Eric Schultz, a former", "j0jYuDtz1zo-00077-00030292-00030568": "White House spokesman who continues to advise Obama.", "j0jYuDtz1zo-00078-00030568-00031078": "“Some of those speeches will be paid, some will be unpaid, and regardless of venue or", "j0jYuDtz1zo-00079-00031078-00031594": "sponsor, President Obama will be true to his values, his vision, and his record.”", "j0jYuDtz1zo-00080-00031594-00032100": "Obama has said he also plans to use his post-presidency to work on a range of issues through his presidential", "j0jYuDtz1zo-00081-00032100-00032265": "center in Chicago.", "j0jYuDtz1zo-00082-00032265-00032675": "On Wednesday, he unveiled the design of that center and said he would donate $2 million", "j0jYuDtz1zo-00083-00032675-00032994": "to a summer jobs program for Chicago youth.", "j0jYuDtz1zo-00084-00032994-00033221": "A spokesman for President George H.W.", "j0jYuDtz1zo-00085-00033221-00033646": "Bush said he does not oppose changes to the law, and expects that Congress will likely", "j0jYuDtz1zo-00086-00033646-00033765": "take some action.", "j0jYuDtz1zo-00087-00033765-00034271": "“At age 93, he recognizes that any change to the act would have a greater impact on", "j0jYuDtz1zo-00088-00034271-00034593": "the other former presidents,” said spokesman Jim McGrath.", "j0jYuDtz1zo-00089-00034593-00035044": "“For the sake of future occupants of the office, he does think some consideration should", "j0jYuDtz1zo-00090-00035044-00035460": "be given to the public role former presidents play — and we are told that very positive", "j0jYuDtz1zo-00091-00035460-00035836": "conversations addressing that and other matters have taken place.”", "j0jYuDtz1zo-00092-00035836-00036509": "The bill would cap presidential pensions at $200,000, with another $200,000 for expenses.", "j0jYuDtz1zo-00093-00036509-00036999": "But those payments would be reduced dollar-for-dollar once their outside income exceeds $400,000.", "j0jYuDtz1zo-00094-00036999-00037507": "I think too many people, including all of the former presidents who are still with us", "j0jYuDtz1zo-00095-00037507-00037994": "don’t fully grasp the notion that we as a nation are for all intent and purpose, broke.", "j0jYuDtz1zo-00096-00037994-00038290": "And just like they have all told us in the past that we had to “live without” it’s", "j0jYuDtz1zo-00097-00038290-00038702": "about damn time they start setting an example like in the way President Trump is doing so", "j0jYuDtz1zo-00098-00038702-00040011": "by donating his full presidential salary."}}, {"audio_id": "j0swOYScVGc", "text": {}}, {"audio_id": "j0R270Zn9jA", "text": {"j0R270Zn9jA-00000-00000621-00004480": "[Music]", "j0R270Zn9jA-00001-00004611-00005040": "NARRATOR: Men have come to this place  andmen have gone from this place", "j0R270Zn9jA-00002-00005040-00005218": "according to the rivers.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00003-00005262-00005784": "Men's fortunes haverisen and fallen as the rivers rose and fell,", "j0R270Zn9jA-00004-00005848-00006328": "for we hold this land only as we hold the waters to man's timing", "j0R270Zn9jA-00005-00006640-00006903": "and direct them to man's purpose.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00006-00006944-00007837": "[Music]", "j0R270Zn9jA-00007-00007872-00008102": "This is the West, U.S.A.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00008-00008140-00008537": "Seventeen states where limitedrainfall makes existence", "j0R270Zn9jA-00009-00008537-00008752": "dependent on water conservation.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00010-00008844-00009312": "The problem is to get water fromwhere it falls to where it will do the most good.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00011-00009408-00009765": "Unless the natural supply is moved to suit man", "j0R270Zn9jA-00012-00009765-00010136": "hewill be plagued with alternate floods and drought.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00013-00010288-00010629": "A hundred years ago our people in the West tackledthe problem of", "j0R270Zn9jA-00014-00010629-00010800": "bringing the water to the land.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00015-00010888-00011547": "Irrigation two thousand miles east andwest, two thousand miles north and south.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00016-00011664-00012111": "Irrigation developments built by pioneersto water their farms,", "j0R270Zn9jA-00017-00012111-00012375": "by communities to water their valleys,", "j0R270Zn9jA-00018-00012375-00012912": "and by federal reclamation whenneeds called for larger, more complex systems.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00019-00013072-00013536": "By wise development of our river basins, we have made them support more people.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00020-00013632-00014104": "The West has reclaimed twenty-two millionirrigated acres from the desert.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00021-00014176-00014556": "Six million acres on reclamation projects alone.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00022-00014556-00014897": "Homes for a quarter of a million farm families,", "j0R270Zn9jA-00023-00014897-00015303": "and for every farm family, several families in town.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00024-00015371-00015656": "The same water that gives life to thirsty acres", "j0R270Zn9jA-00025-00015719-00016108": "produces power to process the products of thoseacres", "j0R270Zn9jA-00026-00016108-00016352": "and spark general industrial expansion.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00027-00016448-00016939": "New resources, new wealth, new  markets tomake America strong", "j0R270Zn9jA-00028-00016939-00017132": "and keep America free.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00029-00017264-00017520": "Water for the Earth, water for power,", "j0R270Zn9jA-00030-00017592-00017865": "water for work and play.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00031-00017865-00018212": "Reclamation wateris all these.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00032-00018212-00018668": "There was always the promise of gold in western hills,", "j0R270Zn9jA-00033-00018668-00019093": "yet the West can neveryield more wealth than its water will allow.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00034-00019280-00019805": "In an irrigation system office the manager istalking with an irrigation farmer.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00035-00019805-00019951": "MANAGER: If you ask me", "j0R270Zn9jA-00036-00019968-00020315": "the future of not only the West, but of the wholecountry", "j0R270Zn9jA-00037-00020315-00020563": "depends largely on a couple of things.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00038-00020864-00021246": "It depends on making the best use of the waterwe've already got", "j0R270Zn9jA-00039-00021246-00021504": "and how much more water we can put to use.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00040-00021504-00021942": "FARMER: Yes, I know there's a lot we irrigators can do to make every drop count,", "j0R270Zn9jA-00041-00021942-00022232": "but you fellas have to deliver it to us  beforewe can use it.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00042-00022232-00022562": "You know, we used to sort of take, uh, water for granted,", "j0R270Zn9jA-00043-00022562-00022779": "but the way the whole West has been growing,", "j0R270Zn9jA-00044-00022779-00023070": "it looks like we're going to have trouble finding enough to go around.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00045-00023070-00023334": "- You'reright, because here in the West", "j0R270Zn9jA-00046-00023334-00023584": "agriculture and industry too, to a large extent,", "j0R270Zn9jA-00047-00023584-00023834": "can grow only as fast as we get the water.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00048-00023834-00024123": "- But it isn't entirely a matter of finding new water.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00049-00024123-00024508": "We can gain a lotby just making better use of what we have.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00050-00024508-00024833": "- You're putting your finger on one of irrigation'sbiggest problems.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00051-00024833-00025075": "Do you realize that on many irrigation projects", "j0R270Zn9jA-00052-00025075-00025481": "about half the water supply is lost before it ever reaches the farm turnout--", "j0R270Zn9jA-00053-00025481-00025800": "wasted through seepage, transpiration by weeds,", "j0R270Zn9jA-00054-00025800-00026077": "andinefficient operation all along the line?", "j0R270Zn9jA-00055-00026077-00026348": "You might say that for every river we put to work,", "j0R270Zn9jA-00056-00026348-00026655": "we lose theequivalent of another one nearly as big.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00057-00026655-00027078": "- Hmm. That means about half of the  developed western rivers arelost,", "j0R270Zn9jA-00058-00027078-00027245": "that's as far as irrigation is concerned.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00059-00027245-00027497": "- That's right. Put them all together and you'd have", "j0R270Zn9jA-00060-00027497-00027801": "one of the world's biggest rivers with dams, canals, and ditches", "j0R270Zn9jA-00061-00027801-00028008": "already built to put its water to work.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00062-00028027-00028349": "Millions and millions of dollars spent to make the water available", "j0R270Zn9jA-00063-00028349-00028584": "and not a drop going on a farm.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00064-00028584-00028765": "Lost River, you might call it.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00065-00028765-00029127": "- That's a good name for it, and to think whole rivers lost", "j0R270Zn9jA-00066-00029127-00029454": "when thecountry is so critically short of irrigation water.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00067-00029454-00029820": "- But much of this tremendous loss can be savedthrough good management", "j0R270Zn9jA-00068-00029820-00030030": "with the backing of you irrigators.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00069-00030045-00030323": "Saving this water is the quickest andcheapest way", "j0R270Zn9jA-00070-00030323-00030495": "we can increase western irrigation", "j0R270Zn9jA-00071-00030495-00030862": "and grow more food and fiber to meet the country'ssoaring needs.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00072-00030862-00031254": "Now suppose we take just a few minutes to talk about some of the things we can do", "j0R270Zn9jA-00073-00031254-00031777": "right here on our own system to  recover our share of that lost river.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00074-00031777-00032192": "Water conservation reallystarts on the watershed above the dam.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00075-00032240-00032559": "In order to plan our season's operations properly", "j0R270Zn9jA-00076-00032559-00032784": "we have to know what the runoff will be", "j0R270Zn9jA-00077-00032784-00033225": "so we use snow surveys coordinated by the SoilConservation Service,", "j0R270Zn9jA-00078-00033225-00033428": "the state, and other groups.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00079-00033448-00033740": "Precipitation measurements and long-rangeweather forecasts", "j0R270Zn9jA-00080-00033740-00033846": "from the Weather Bureau,", "j0R270Zn9jA-00081-00033928-00034184": "and data on stream flow and water table levels", "j0R270Zn9jA-00082-00034184-00034470": "on the watershed from the U.S. Geological Survey.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00083-00034598-00034973": "Reforestation and watershed protection by theForest Service and others", "j0R270Zn9jA-00084-00034973-00035216": "helps to protect our source of water.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00085-00035216-00035622": "- Yeah, and it helps keep the soilon the land, too. That's where it belongs,", "j0R270Zn9jA-00086-00035622-00035773": "not in our reservoirs.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00087-00035859-00036165": "- Even with a clean reservoir, we have our problems.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00088-00036165-00036635": "Seepage, for instance, can occur in spite of the best engineeringand construction.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00089-00036673-00037089": "Sometimes we have to grout by forcing  a mixture of cement, sand, and water", "j0R270Zn9jA-00090-00037089-00037351": "down through the holes to stop underground leaks.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00091-00037569-00037963": "Operation of the gates at the reservoir takes alot of careful management.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00092-00037963-00038400": "The trick is to keep an adequate supply flowing without any unnecessarywaste.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00093-00038423-00038751": "This is often complicated by  downstream power plants,", "j0R270Zn9jA-00094-00038751-00039088": "flood control, and navigation, as well as irrigation but", "j0R270Zn9jA-00095-00039088-00039295": "irrigation is the main job.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00096-00039295-00039661": "- That's fine. You conserve the water that goesthrough the valves", "j0R270Zn9jA-00097-00039661-00040057": "but what about the surplus water that spills from the reservoir?", "j0R270Zn9jA-00098-00040057-00040486": "- Surplus watercan be saved by diverting it into spreading basins.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00099-00040486-00040888": "It percolates down through the gravel to recharge the underground water basin.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00100-00040984-00041320": "- Diversion dams are not as spectacular as storagedams,", "j0R270Zn9jA-00101-00041320-00041560": "but their operation is just as important.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00102-00041560-00041712": "- You bet it is.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00103-00041712-00042057": "Gates need to be set frequently to meet changing demands.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00104-00042057-00042426": "A lot of water may be wasted by gates which aren't adjusted often enough", "j0R270Zn9jA-00105-00042426-00042704": "because they're hard to operate or hard to get to.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00106-00042984-00043584": "Modern, power-operated gates cost money but they pay off in water saved.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00107-00043696-00044016": "Proper management includes continuous and accurate measurement", "j0R270Zn9jA-00108-00044016-00044400": "so the gate tender knows how much is going down the ditch at all times.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00109-00044455-00044846": "[Music]", "j0R270Zn9jA-00110-00044896-00045304": "Good management includes things like keeping sluice gates in good working order", "j0R270Zn9jA-00111-00045304-00045696": "so that it will be a simple matter to sluice out silt from behind the diversion dam.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00112-00045776-00046191": "This ought to be done regularly to prevent silt from getting into the canal.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00113-00046200-00046545": "[Music]", "j0R270Zn9jA-00114-00046572-00046966": "But it's below the diversion dam, in the canals and laterals,", "j0R270Zn9jA-00115-00046966-00047235": "where we really get back some of that lost river.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00116-00047400-00047779": "As common a thing as overloading a canal canwaste a lot of water", "j0R270Zn9jA-00117-00047779-00048137": "and lead to even more serious trouble if the ditch breaks.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00118-00048137-00048392": "- I know, butsometimes overloading can't be helped.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00119-00048392-00048670": "For instance, in case of a sudden rain.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00120-00048670-00049215": "- Sure, but protectionagainst overloading can be provided by flashboardwasteways.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00121-00049215-00049602": "They serve as automatic safety valves  byspilling excess water", "j0R270Zn9jA-00122-00049602-00049750": "before it can do any damage.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00123-00049776-00050141": "- Grass spillways do the same thing.  We ought tohave more of them.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00124-00050157-00050499": "- It's even better to have small, regulatory reservoirs.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00125-00050499-00050928": "Then, when we're faced withan overload we have some place to save the water.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00126-00050984-00051304": "Keeping high water out of the canal prevents a lot of seepage.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00127-00051512-00052045": "- Seepage. That's one of our biggest water wasters. It causes all kinds of damage.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00128-00052045-00052508": "We lose not only the water, we lose the land that's waterlogged, too.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00129-00052610-00052976": "- Yes, and it pays to make our canals sound and watertight.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00130-00052976-00053489": "There are a lot of ways of doing it. Concrete is long-lasting.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00131-00053489-00053829": "It is widely used on irrigation projects.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00132-00053829-00054191": "Mortar is sometimessprayed pneumatically over wire mesh reinforcing.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00133-00054391-00054824": "- Gravel blanketing seems to be working out pretty well on the south main canal over our way.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00134-00054944-00055376": "- Under some conditions, gravel blanketing is a simple and inexpensive way to stop leaks.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00135-00055448-00055991": "Silt settles in the gravel, forming aseal.  Grouted riprap is sometimes used.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00136-00056136-00056688": "Where soil conditions are right, compacted earth is satisfactory even on large main canals.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00137-00056832-00057248": "Leaky banks can sometimes be sealed by jetting them with oil", "j0R270Zn9jA-00138-00057248-00057899": "or mixtures of clay and water. The oil or clay penetrates the soil and forms a watertight curtain.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00139-00057933-00058221": "[Music]", "j0R270Zn9jA-00140-00058328-00058615": "- I notice a lot of asphalt being usedlately.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00141-00058615-00059065": "- Asphalt membranes, properly applied, are doing well in many localities.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00142-00059065-00059279": "Asphalt is sprayed on the sub grade.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00143-00059391-00059678": "Then, it is blanketed with earth or gravel.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00144-00059812-00060015": "- It mustbe awfully tough stuff.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00145-00060073-00060189": "- It sure is.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00146-00060244-00060567": "It took a lot of laboratory research to develop a material", "j0R270Zn9jA-00147-00060567-00060806": "to stand up under all extremes of temperature.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00148-00060855-00061448": "In an oven, or in ice water, and tough enough to stand pressure and pounding without breaking.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00149-00061483-00061683": "[Music]", "j0R270Zn9jA-00150-00061704-00062216": "- A lot of us don't realize how much work is goingon all the time in labs and in the field", "j0R270Zn9jA-00151-00062216-00062579": "to find better ways of operating and maintaining ourprojects.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00152-00062579-00062844": "All we see is the benefit we get from it.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00153-00062984-00063411": "- It's just as important to have tight structures as to havetight canals.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00154-00063411-00063816": "It's mighty poor economy tokeep any kind of leaky structures in service.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00155-00064000-00064399": "- I guess there's no method of ditch lining that'salways best for all purposes.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00156-00064430-00064941": "- Nope. It's a matter of determining which one best meets a particularsituation.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00157-00064981-00065283": "There's another big water thief: Weeds.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00158-00065321-00065459": "[Music]", "j0R270Zn9jA-00159-00065504-00066132": "Weeds, brush, and trees take a large toll of water if we don't keep fighting them all the time.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00160-00066132-00066760": "They not only steal water but clog up the canals and laterals, cut down the flow, and force us", "j0R270Zn9jA-00161-00066760-00067017": "to overload canals to meet your needs.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00162-00067049-00067391": "Sometimesthe growth will stop the whole show if it isn't checked.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00163-00067462-00067992": "One acre of stuff like this uses enough water to irrigate two acres of average crops.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00164-00068020-00068220": "[Music]", "j0R270Zn9jA-00165-00068256-00068568": "We have to use everything in the book to keep 'em under control.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00166-00068672-00068953": "Drag lines where the going is really tough.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00167-00068980-00069268": "[Music]", "j0R270Zn9jA-00168-00069304-00069576": "Dredges which leave a clean canal behind them.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00169-00069616-00069921": "[Music]", "j0R270Zn9jA-00170-00069960-00070592": "And other types of earth-moving equipment. It's a strange kind of amphibious warfare", "j0R270Zn9jA-00171-00070592-00071348": "with chains dragged in the water to destroy moss and water weeds, discs to cut underwater growth,", "j0R270Zn9jA-00172-00071456-00072032": "chemicals to kill moss in the water, sprays to kill brush and weeds on the bank,", "j0R270Zn9jA-00173-00072216-00072728": "weed burners to burn 'em out, and just plain mowing 'em down.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00174-00072888-00073183": "The menace can be met by more peaceful methods too,", "j0R270Zn9jA-00175-00073183-00073455": "like shaping the banks and sowing them to grass.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00176-00073478-00073850": "[Music]", "j0R270Zn9jA-00177-00073880-00074083": "- While we're on the subject of ditch banks,", "j0R270Zn9jA-00178-00074083-00074297": "I'd like to know what we can do about gophers.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00179-00074352-00074709": "- Well, one way is just trap them one at a time,", "j0R270Zn9jA-00180-00074709-00074982": "butit's often a tedious and discouraging business.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00181-00075152-00075388": "A faster way is to get 'em down in theirrunways", "j0R270Zn9jA-00182-00075388-00075639": "with a poison gas like calcium cyanide.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00183-00075704-00076112": "That's mass murder from the gopher's point of view, but you have to be careful.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00184-00076192-00076576": "The stuff is as poisonous to the poisoner as it is to the gophers.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00185-00076704-00077112": "One shot kills every gopher it reaches within a hundred feet or so.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00186-00077160-00079351": "[Music]", "j0R270Zn9jA-00187-00079656-00080016": "A gopher hole along a canal bank may look pretty innocent,", "j0R270Zn9jA-00188-00080016-00080328": "but once water starts running through it, you're in for trouble.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00189-00080356-00080988": "[Music]", "j0R270Zn9jA-00190-00081016-00081198": "CHARLIE: Ditch Rider Seven calling headquarters,", "j0R270Zn9jA-00191-00081198-00081424": "DitchRider Seven calling headquarters. Come in, please.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00192-00081696-00081967": "OPERATOR: This is headquarters. What is it, Charlie? Over.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00193-00082012-00082422": "- There's a break starting on west lateral at about mile four plus three hundred.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00194-00082422-00082610": "Looks like it started from a gopher hole.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00195-00082610-00082837": "It's bad now, and it's getting worse, over.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00196-00082864-00083022": "- We'll send somebody right out.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00197-00083022-00083248": "You run upto the heading and shut off the water, over.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00198-00083304-00083481": "- Roger. Ditch Rider Seven out.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00199-00083503-00084930": "[Music]", "j0R270Zn9jA-00200-00084968-00085277": "- Yes, all three trucks. Load them up and getthem out there quick.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00201-00085324-00085513": "Headquarters over and out.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00202-00085552-00085924": "[Music]", "j0R270Zn9jA-00203-00085952-00086160": "Load up number four dozer and send it right out.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00204-00086176-00086925": "[Music]", "j0R270Zn9jA-00205-00086952-00087162": "MANAGER: Some years ago, a break like that", "j0R270Zn9jA-00206-00087162-00087430": "would probablymean a ditch out of service for several days,", "j0R270Zn9jA-00207-00087472-00087690": "washing out the crops around the break,", "j0R270Zn9jA-00208-00087690-00087935": "whileother ones farther down  the canal were going dry.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00209-00087952-00088255": "Some folks thought we shouldn't put moneyin a two-way radio.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00210-00088281-00088500": "Wouldn't you say it was money well spent?", "j0R270Zn9jA-00211-00088500-00088831": "Thanks to radio communication, we'll have water flowing again", "j0R270Zn9jA-00212-00088831-00088957": "before evening.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00213-00088957-00089308": "[Music]", "j0R270Zn9jA-00214-00089328-00089592": "FARMER: But of course you don't have thatkind of an emergency every day.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00215-00089721-00089976": "- Oh, We use radio for other things beside emergencies.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00216-00090048-00090330": "You'd be surprised how it speeds up routineoperations.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00217-00090330-00090533": "Let's go over and listen for a while.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00218-00091104-00091302": "OPERATOR: Headquarters calling Ditch Rider Three,", "j0R270Zn9jA-00219-00091302-00091600": "Headquarters calling Ditch Rider Three, come in please.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00220-00091618-00091791": "ED: This is Ditch Rider Three.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00221-00091821-00092220": "- Ed, Charlie Johnson, turnout number seven one, just called,", "j0R270Zn9jA-00222-00092220-00092464": "thinks heisn't getting the full head of water he ordered.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00223-00092464-00092637": "Can you take care of it? Over.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00224-00092687-00093208": "- I'm just about therenow. I'll check it. Ditch Rider Three, over and out.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00225-00093328-00093664": "MANAGER: That radio enables us to give muchbetter service to our water users", "j0R270Zn9jA-00226-00093664-00093933": "and what's more important, it saves water.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00227-00093999-00094264": "Whenwater supplies are tight or the main canals and", "j0R270Zn9jA-00228-00094264-00094633": "laterals are not too big, you've got to figureall the angles.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00229-00094693-00095161": "Here in this district the ditch rider keeps in close touch with all his users.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00230-00095202-00095484": "Whenever he knows he's going to have a littleextra water,", "j0R270Zn9jA-00231-00095484-00095770": "he tries to find someone who can  makegood use of it.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00232-00095821-00096105": "FARMER: It all goes to show that the closer we work together,", "j0R270Zn9jA-00233-00096105-00096293": "the more efficient operationwe have", "j0R270Zn9jA-00234-00096293-00096483": "and the less water we waste.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00235-00096483-00096616": "- Sure it does.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00236-00096616-00096963": "For example, you like a constant head of waterwhen you irrigate.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00237-00096963-00097289": "We have a better chance to give it to you if you'll notify us promptly", "j0R270Zn9jA-00238-00097289-00097512": "whenyou want the water and when you want it turned off.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00239-00097568-00097896": "The more advanced notice you give us, the betterchance we have", "j0R270Zn9jA-00240-00097896-00098193": "of adjusting your deliveries to fit in with your neighbors.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00241-00098193-00098520": "We don't like tofluctuate the head of water in our canals either.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00242-00098520-00098765": "Such fluctuations waste a lot of water.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00243-00098829-00099177": "And thereare plenty of other ways  we're losing that lost river.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00244-00099177-00099584": "For example, I know of places where goodcrop land is being destroyed", "j0R270Zn9jA-00245-00099584-00099778": "by laterals with too much drop.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00246-00099852-00100244": "Soil is carried on down the system to clog up the works somewhere else.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00247-00100244-00100524": "- Can't checks and drops stop that cutting?", "j0R270Zn9jA-00248-00100524-00100977": "- Well, we put ina lot of new checks under the Rehabilitationand Betterment Program,", "j0R270Zn9jA-00249-00100977-00101377": "but we still need plentymore to make every drop of water count.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00250-00101377-00101696": "- Say, I've heard something about  underground pipe systems.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00251-00101696-00101797": "What about 'em?", "j0R270Zn9jA-00252-00101870-00102247": "- They're going in for concrete pipe in a big way in some areas.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00253-00102247-00102600": "The initial costis sometimes high, but once they're in", "j0R270Zn9jA-00254-00102600-00103002": "your seepage, evaporation, and weed problems are done,", "j0R270Zn9jA-00255-00103002-00103320": "so faras the distribution system is concerned anyway.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00256-00103320-00103696": "- And underground pipe systems let you farm all yourland.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00257-00103696-00104009": "Where land is valuable, that can be important.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00258-00104080-00104426": "- But mostly water conservation is a lot oflittle things,", "j0R270Zn9jA-00259-00104426-00104783": "like replacing old leaky wooden turnouts, for example.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00260-00104783-00105183": "We've been putting inmodern concrete structures as fast as we can,", "j0R270Zn9jA-00261-00105248-00105513": "using labor-saving techniques like movableforms", "j0R270Zn9jA-00262-00105513-00105752": "and pre-fabricated parts wherever possible.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00263-00105920-00106245": "Some new type turnouts have built-in watermeasuring features", "j0R270Zn9jA-00264-00106245-00106621": "which make it easier to deliver exactly the right amount of water", "j0R270Zn9jA-00265-00106621-00106727": "into the farm ditch.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00266-00106836-00107122": "With some structures,  the ditch rider calculates the flow", "j0R270Zn9jA-00267-00107122-00107533": "by measuringthe depth of water or checking it on a staff gauge.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00268-00107555-00108158": "[Music]", "j0R270Zn9jA-00269-00108200-00108374": "Others are equipped with meters", "j0R270Zn9jA-00270-00108374-00108647": "which readdirectly in terms of the rate of delivery", "j0R270Zn9jA-00271-00108711-00108991": "or even calculate the total volume delivered.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00272-00109032-00109345": "Thismakes it as simple as reading your electric meter.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00273-00109364-00109571": "[Music]", "j0R270Zn9jA-00274-00109592-00109830": "You know after you get the water past the turnout", "j0R270Zn9jA-00275-00109830-00110156": "there are lots of things we fellows can do to save water,", "j0R270Zn9jA-00276-00110156-00110469": "like using siphons for better control.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00277-00110561-00110894": "We'reworking out a lot of new wrinkles with the help of the state colleges", "j0R270Zn9jA-00278-00110894-00111311": "and the Soil ConservationService. A couple of fellows in this district have", "j0R270Zn9jA-00279-00111311-00111521": "installed farm pipe systems.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00280-00111521-00111737": "That's an efficientway to handle water.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00281-00111811-00112178": "- I've been thinking about buying one of those portable sprinkler systems.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00282-00112178-00112594": "- Yes, they do a good job and save  water undercertain conditions.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00283-00112594-00113024": "Especially where soil is lightand the land is too irregular to grade properly.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00284-00113168-00113692": "- Leveling is pretty important. A rough field sure does take more water and more labor", "j0R270Zn9jA-00285-00113692-00114224": "than a level field. Some of us leveled our old fields down a couple of years ago and", "j0R270Zn9jA-00286-00114224-00114404": "it certainly has paid off.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00287-00114491-00114815": "- A well-prepared fieldwith clean head ditches and wasteways", "j0R270Zn9jA-00288-00114815-00115057": "means higher production with lower costs.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00289-00115162-00115528": "There's no sense inletting valuable water spill onto the roadside", "j0R270Zn9jA-00290-00115528-00115705": "or into your neighbor's field.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00291-00115727-00116006": "- But drainagewater isn't necessarily wasted, is it?", "j0R270Zn9jA-00292-00116056-00116196": "- By no means.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00293-00116196-00116648": "Reuse of drainage water is one ofthe most valuable conservation measures we have.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00294-00116648-00117018": "With the right kind of farm wasteway, surfacewaste can be collected", "j0R270Zn9jA-00295-00117018-00117162": "and used on lower ground.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00296-00117376-00117656": "- But suppose there's no place to use it on lower ground.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00297-00117735-00118135": "- In that case, sometimes they pump it back into the irrigation ditch", "j0R270Zn9jA-00298-00118135-00118687": "or they can run the drain into a river so that the water can be diverted farther downstream.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00299-00118716-00119356": "[Music]", "j0R270Zn9jA-00300-00119408-00119840": "- I'm beginning to see how it all adds up. Alittle water saved here and a little water", "j0R270Zn9jA-00301-00119840-00120280": "saved there on any kind of a project, no matter how big it is or who operates it.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00302-00120280-00120761": "- A lot of water users and irrigation districts are already doing a fine job.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00303-00120761-00121041": "It's a job for all of us to keep on hammering at.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00304-00121079-00121424": "Saving LostRiver is a matter of plugging little leaks.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00305-00121672-00122059": "On the watershed, at the main dam and reservoir,", "j0R270Zn9jA-00306-00122103-00122649": "at the diversion dam, stopping seepage, improving operations, and", "j0R270Zn9jA-00307-00122649-00122957": "fighting weeds along the canals andlaterals,", "j0R270Zn9jA-00308-00123000-00123399": "delivering the right amount of water to the farm turnout at the right time,", "j0R270Zn9jA-00309-00123441-00123904": "efficient useof water on the farm itself, and last but not least,", "j0R270Zn9jA-00310-00123904-00124464": "reusing water again and again as long as there is a drop we can put back to work.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00311-00124696-00124996": "NARRATOR: Yes, as the manager and the irrigator agree,", "j0R270Zn9jA-00312-00124996-00125603": "theWest must save Lost River. Its power, its food, its homes,", "j0R270Zn9jA-00313-00125603-00125920": "and its purchasing power have largelycome about", "j0R270Zn9jA-00314-00125920-00126292": "where water has been brought to dry, but fertile acres.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00315-00126292-00126735": "Water is wealth. It isthe difference between desert and field,", "j0R270Zn9jA-00316-00126816-00127285": "cactus and fruit, jackrabbits and good beef cattle,", "j0R270Zn9jA-00317-00127358-00127800": "Through the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation alone, the American people have invested", "j0R270Zn9jA-00318-00127800-00128256": "about two billiondollars to harness western waters and put them to work.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00319-00128344-00128651": "We reap returns in food and fiber.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00320-00128677-00129263": "[Music]", "j0R270Zn9jA-00321-00129296-00129808": "In a more healthful diet, more than half a billion dollars worth of farm produce each year,", "j0R270Zn9jA-00322-00129896-00130237": "hundreds of millions of dollars worth ofpurchasing power,", "j0R270Zn9jA-00323-00130237-00130756": "linking east and south andmidwest  and north into the nationwide", "j0R270Zn9jA-00324-00130756-00130965": "network of reclamation benefits.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00325-00131054-00131271": "All these from western rivers.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00326-00131358-00131969": "We can nearly double this wealth if we save lost river and put its waters to work.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00327-00131969-00132632": "More prosperity, greater security from wiser, better, moreeconomical use", "j0R270Zn9jA-00328-00132632-00132867": "of our precious water resources.", "j0R270Zn9jA-00329-00132887-00133837": "[Music]"}}, {"audio_id": "j0a9Tqp6-uk", "text": {}}, {"audio_id": "j125cqN8eky", "text": {"j125cqN8eky-00000-00000010-00000063": "14 MILLION FOR RENOVATIONS OF AN", "j125cqN8eky-00001-00000063-00000070": "14 MILLION FOR RENOVATIONS OF AN", "j125cqN8eky-00002-00000070-00000407": "14 MILLION FOR RENOVATIONS OF AN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL IN RED LAKE.", "j125cqN8eky-00003-00000407-00000413": "14 MILLION FOR RENOVATIONS OF AN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL IN RED LAKE.", "j125cqN8eky-00004-00000413-00000523": "14 MILLION FOR RENOVATIONS OF AN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL IN RED LAKE. >> DENNIS: MINNESOTA LIEUTENANT", "j125cqN8eky-00005-00000523-00000530": "ELEMENTARY SCHOOL IN RED LAKE. >> DENNIS: MINNESOTA LIEUTENANT", "j125cqN8eky-00006-00000530-00000864": "ELEMENTARY SCHOOL IN RED LAKE. >> DENNIS: MINNESOTA LIEUTENANT GOVERNORENER MICHELLE FISCHBACH", "j125cqN8eky-00007-00000864-00000870": ">> DENNIS: MINNESOTA LIEUTENANT GOVERNORENER MICHELLE FISCHBACH", "j125cqN8eky-00008-00000870-00001010": ">> DENNIS: MINNESOTA LIEUTENANT GOVERNORENER MICHELLE FISCHBACH JOINED FORMER REPUBLICAN", "j125cqN8eky-00009-00001010-00001017": "GOVERNORENER MICHELLE FISCHBACH JOINED FORMER REPUBLICAN", "j125cqN8eky-00010-00001017-00001231": "GOVERNORENER MICHELLE FISCHBACH JOINED FORMER REPUBLICAN GOVERNOR TIM PAWLENTY'S CAMPAIGN", "j125cqN8eky-00011-00001231-00001237": "JOINED FORMER REPUBLICAN GOVERNOR TIM PAWLENTY'S CAMPAIGN", "j125cqN8eky-00012-00001237-00001458": "JOINED FORMER REPUBLICAN GOVERNOR TIM PAWLENTY'S CAMPAIGN AS HIS RUNNING MATE ON THURSDAY.", "j125cqN8eky-00013-00001458-00001464": "GOVERNOR TIM PAWLENTY'S CAMPAIGN AS HIS RUNNING MATE ON THURSDAY.", "j125cqN8eky-00014-00001464-00001594": "GOVERNOR TIM PAWLENTY'S CAMPAIGN AS HIS RUNNING MATE ON THURSDAY. FISCHBACH CONFIRMED SHE WAS", "j125cqN8eky-00015-00001594-00001601": "AS HIS RUNNING MATE ON THURSDAY. FISCHBACH CONFIRMED SHE WAS", "j125cqN8eky-00016-00001601-00001768": "AS HIS RUNNING MATE ON THURSDAY. FISCHBACH CONFIRMED SHE WAS OFFERED THE SPOT BEFORE SHE LEFT", "j125cqN8eky-00017-00001768-00001775": "FISCHBACH CONFIRMED SHE WAS OFFERED THE SPOT BEFORE SHE LEFT", "j125cqN8eky-00018-00001775-00001901": "FISCHBACH CONFIRMED SHE WAS OFFERED THE SPOT BEFORE SHE LEFT THE STATE SENATE LAST WEEK AFTER", "j125cqN8eky-00019-00001901-00001908": "OFFERED THE SPOT BEFORE SHE LEFT THE STATE SENATE LAST WEEK AFTER", "j125cqN8eky-00020-00001908-00002062": "OFFERED THE SPOT BEFORE SHE LEFT THE STATE SENATE LAST WEEK AFTER MONTHS OF RESISTING HER NEW", "j125cqN8eky-00021-00002062-00002068": "THE STATE SENATE LAST WEEK AFTER MONTHS OF RESISTING HER NEW", "j125cqN8eky-00022-00002068-00002228": "THE STATE SENATE LAST WEEK AFTER MONTHS OF RESISTING HER NEW POSITION IN DEMOCRATIC GOVERNOR", "j125cqN8eky-00023-00002228-00002235": "MONTHS OF RESISTING HER NEW POSITION IN DEMOCRATIC GOVERNOR", "j125cqN8eky-00024-00002235-00002385": "MONTHS OF RESISTING HER NEW POSITION IN DEMOCRATIC GOVERNOR MARK DAYTON'S ADMINISTRATION.", "j125cqN8eky-00025-00002385-00002392": "POSITION IN DEMOCRATIC GOVERNOR MARK DAYTON'S ADMINISTRATION.", "j125cqN8eky-00026-00002392-00002542": "POSITION IN DEMOCRATIC GOVERNOR MARK DAYTON'S ADMINISTRATION. DAYTON ISN'T SEEKING REELECTION,", "j125cqN8eky-00027-00002542-00002549": "MARK DAYTON'S ADMINISTRATION. DAYTON ISN'T SEEKING REELECTION,", "j125cqN8eky-00028-00002549-00002719": "MARK DAYTON'S ADMINISTRATION. DAYTON ISN'T SEEKING REELECTION, AND FISCHBACH'S ENTRY ADDS A", "j125cqN8eky-00029-00002719-00002726": "DAYTON ISN'T SEEKING REELECTION, AND FISCHBACH'S ENTRY ADDS A", "j125cqN8eky-00030-00002726-00002872": "DAYTON ISN'T SEEKING REELECTION, AND FISCHBACH'S ENTRY ADDS A SURPRISE TWIST TO THE WIDE OPEN", "j125cqN8eky-00031-00002872-00002879": "AND FISCHBACH'S ENTRY ADDS A SURPRISE TWIST TO THE WIDE OPEN", "j125cqN8eky-00032-00002879-00003159": "AND FISCHBACH'S ENTRY ADDS A SURPRISE TWIST TO THE WIDE OPEN RACE FOR GOVERNOR THIS FALL AND", "j125cqN8eky-00033-00003159-00003166": "SURPRISE TWIST TO THE WIDE OPEN RACE FOR GOVERNOR THIS FALL AND", "j125cqN8eky-00034-00003166-00003326": "SURPRISE TWIST TO THE WIDE OPEN RACE FOR GOVERNOR THIS FALL AND RAISES THE UNUSUAL PROSPECT OF", "j125cqN8eky-00035-00003326-00003333": "RACE FOR GOVERNOR THIS FALL AND RAISES THE UNUSUAL PROSPECT OF", "j125cqN8eky-00036-00003333-00003429": "RACE FOR GOVERNOR THIS FALL AND RAISES THE UNUSUAL PROSPECT OF LIEUTENANT GOVERNOR SERVING", "j125cqN8eky-00037-00003429-00003436": "RAISES THE UNUSUAL PROSPECT OF LIEUTENANT GOVERNOR SERVING", "j125cqN8eky-00038-00003436-00003580": "RAISES THE UNUSUAL PROSPECT OF LIEUTENANT GOVERNOR SERVING UNDER GOVERNORS FROM DIFFERENT", "j125cqN8eky-00039-00003580-00003586": "LIEUTENANT GOVERNOR SERVING UNDER GOVERNORS FROM DIFFERENT", "j125cqN8eky-00040-00003586-00003616": "LIEUTENANT GOVERNOR SERVING UNDER GOVERNORS FROM DIFFERENT PARTIES.", "j125cqN8eky-00041-00003616-00003623": "UNDER GOVERNORS FROM DIFFERENT PARTIES.", "j125cqN8eky-00042-00003623-00003713": "UNDER GOVERNORS FROM DIFFERENT PARTIES. THIS HAPPENED AT LEAST TWICE IN", "j125cqN8eky-00043-00003713-00003720": "PARTIES. THIS HAPPENED AT LEAST TWICE IN", "j125cqN8eky-00044-00003720-00003970": "PARTIES. THIS HAPPENED AT LEAST TWICE IN MINNESOTA HISTORY, IN THE 1950'S", "j125cqN8eky-00045-00003970-00003977": "THIS HAPPENED AT LEAST TWICE IN MINNESOTA HISTORY, IN THE 1950'S", "j125cqN8eky-00046-00003977-00004190": "THIS HAPPENED AT LEAST TWICE IN MINNESOTA HISTORY, IN THE 1950'S AND 60'S BEFORE THE STATE", "j125cqN8eky-00047-00004190-00004197": "MINNESOTA HISTORY, IN THE 1950'S AND 60'S BEFORE THE STATE", "j125cqN8eky-00048-00004197-00004367": "MINNESOTA HISTORY, IN THE 1950'S AND 60'S BEFORE THE STATE ELECTED ITS TOP EXECUTIVE BRANCH", "j125cqN8eky-00049-00004367-00004374": "AND 60'S BEFORE THE STATE ELECTED ITS TOP EXECUTIVE BRANCH", "j125cqN8eky-00050-00004374-00004507": "AND 60'S BEFORE THE STATE ELECTED ITS TOP EXECUTIVE BRANCH OFFICIALS UNDER A COMBINED", "j125cqN8eky-00051-00004507-00004514": "ELECTED ITS TOP EXECUTIVE BRANCH OFFICIALS UNDER A COMBINED", "j125cqN8eky-00052-00004514-00004587": "ELECTED ITS TOP EXECUTIVE BRANCH OFFICIALS UNDER A COMBINED TICKET.", "j125cqN8eky-00053-00004587-00004594": "OFFICIALS UNDER A COMBINED TICKET.", "j125cqN8eky-00054-00004594-00004778": "OFFICIALS UNDER A COMBINED TICKET. PAWLENTY TOUTED THE ADDITION OF", "j125cqN8eky-00055-00004778-00004784": "TICKET. PAWLENTY TOUTED THE ADDITION OF", "j125cqN8eky-00056-00004784-00004911": "TICKET. PAWLENTY TOUTED THE ADDITION OF FISCHBACH TO HIS CAMPAIGN,", "j125cqN8eky-00057-00004911-00004918": "PAWLENTY TOUTED THE ADDITION OF FISCHBACH TO HIS CAMPAIGN,", "j125cqN8eky-00058-00004918-00005305": "PAWLENTY TOUTED THE ADDITION OF FISCHBACH TO HIS CAMPAIGN, STRESSING HER LEGISLATIVE", "j125cqN8eky-00059-00005305-00005311": "FISCHBACH TO HIS CAMPAIGN, STRESSING HER LEGISLATIVE", "j125cqN8eky-00060-00005311-00005488": "FISCHBACH TO HIS CAMPAIGN, STRESSING HER LEGISLATIVE EXPERTISE FROM 22 YEARS SPENT IN", "j125cqN8eky-00061-00005488-00005495": "STRESSING HER LEGISLATIVE EXPERTISE FROM 22 YEARS SPENT IN", "j125cqN8eky-00062-00005495-00005605": "STRESSING HER LEGISLATIVE EXPERTISE FROM 22 YEARS SPENT IN THE STATE SENATE."}}, {"audio_id": "j14r0jgmyj0", "text": {"j14r0jgmyj0-00000-00001002-00002456": "SO, I URGENTLY IMPLIED THAT YOU WOULD  MEET ME AT THAT  THE PARTY YOU DID NOT MENTION", "j14r0jgmyj0-00001-00002560-00003236": "I LOVE IT WHEN YOU WEAR  YOUR TUXEDO OR HAIR IN SUCH A WAY", "j14r0jgmyj0-00002-00003378-00003814": "THAT IT MAKES ME STOP TO LOOK", "j14r0jgmyj0-00003-00003858-00004932": "I CANNOT REMEMBER A DAY WHEN YOU STOPPED  YOUR NUISANCE OF BEING A GENTLEMAN", "j14r0jgmyj0-00004-00004988-00006150": "BUBBLES IN MY TEA IS NOT MY BATHTUB  WITHOUT MY RAZOR  I LOVE RADIOS", "j14r0jgmyj0-00005-00006412-00007820": "SO, YOU EXPRESS MY WAY OF FORTUNE SO, I EXPRESS MY WAY OF KNOWING NOTHING", "j14r0jgmyj0-00006-00007894-00008858": "YOU EXPRESS YOUR WHITE TUXEDO I EXPRESS HIS BLACK COTTON SWAG", "j14r0jgmyj0-00007-00008986-00009954": "NOT SKIN TONE BUT A HAG I LOVE RIPPING COLORS OF EYES IN YOUR LASER", "j14r0jgmyj0-00008-00010006-00010688": "LAIC I LOVE GREEN BUT THAT IS JUST FOR SHOW", "j14r0jgmyj0-00009-00010756-00011910": "I LOVE YOUR NUISANCE OF YOUR MOUSTACHE; HIS BALD CAP AS TATTED AS THEY COME", "j14r0jgmyj0-00010-00012370-00013747": "I NEVER WANTED TO HEAR ANOTHER VOICE  LIKE YOURS NOT TILL THE COLD WATER", "j14r0jgmyj0-00011-00013747-00014697": "CAME BY  YOUR ASKED ME TO MENTION YOUR VOICE", "j14r0jgmyj0-00012-00014716-00015578": "LIKE YOUR VIDEO ON THE RADIO YOU NEVER ASKED ME NO QUESTIONS", "j14r0jgmyj0-00013-00015732-00016564": "NOT TO BE ANSWERED HIS VOICE RADIANT LIKE GEOMETRY", "j14r0jgmyj0-00014-00016762-00017046": "ON A TRIGONOMETRIC STAIR"}}, {"audio_id": "j1zcVpIKHvA", "text": {"j1zcVpIKHvA-00000-00000036-00000642": "the Air Force's highly classified B-21 Raider was revealed in Palmdale California on Friday evening", "j1zcVpIKHvA-00001-00000642-00001188": "marking the pentagon's First new American bomber in more than 30 years and the latest upgrade to", "j1zcVpIKHvA-00002-00001188-00001782": "the U.S military's nuclear Triad amid Rising tensions with China a nuclear-capable bat wing", "j1zcVpIKHvA-00003-00001782-00002256": "plane that will become a central component of the U.S effort to counter China's military buildup", "j1zcVpIKHvA-00004-00002256-00002856": "when it enters service around 2027. stage hands at Northrop grumman's facility pulled a massive", "j1zcVpIKHvA-00005-00002856-00003420": "sheet draped over the aircraft revealing the muted white long narrow and Sleek B21 beneath", "j1zcVpIKHvA-00006-00003420-00003936": "it the new aircraft is a significant update to the pentagon's nuclear Arsenal the Triad", "j1zcVpIKHvA-00007-00003936-00004506": "of land sea and air weapons that can deliver a nuclear payload prior to Friday's ceremony the", "j1zcVpIKHvA-00008-00004506-00005022": "public had only seen artist renderings of the aircraft the Northrop Grumman developed B-21", "j1zcVpIKHvA-00009-00005022-00005460": "is capable of carrying conventional bombs and missiles as well as nuclear Munitions", "j1zcVpIKHvA-00010-00005460-00006030": "the defense manufacturer was awarded the contract for the aircraft in 2015. Northrop", "j1zcVpIKHvA-00011-00006030-00006558": "rum and also makes the B2 the last generation of bomber that bears more than a passing resemblance", "j1zcVpIKHvA-00012-00006558-00007152": "to the B-21 that aircraft which first flew in the 1980s has been a backbone U.S projection", "j1zcVpIKHvA-00013-00007152-00007704": "for decades it was one of the first major aircraft designed as a flying wing that didn't have a tail", "j1zcVpIKHvA-00014-00007704-00008220": "an approach that gained prominence during World War II with aircraft developed for Germany by", "j1zcVpIKHvA-00015-00008220-00008796": "the Horton Brothers the B-21 was named for the U.S Army Air Force's Doolittle Raiders whose", "j1zcVpIKHvA-00016-00008796-00009342": "surprise attack against Japan during World War II boosted American morale Austin said during", "j1zcVpIKHvA-00017-00009342-00009810": "his speech that there were family members of the the little Raiders present in the audience many", "j1zcVpIKHvA-00018-00009810-00010308": "of the details such as the size payload and Technology of the aircraft have not been made", "j1zcVpIKHvA-00019-00010308-00010908": "public but the B-21 according to an Air Force fact sheet was designed to accommodate mandar", "j1zcVpIKHvA-00020-00010908-00011424": "unmanned operations a reflection of the increasing Reliance on unmanned aircraft by the U.S military", "j1zcVpIKHvA-00021-00011424-00012024": "and the future of the pilot specialty the service has not fully delivered on or explained what the", "j1zcVpIKHvA-00022-00012024-00012636": "that unmanned concept or capability would look like defense experts told military.com prior to", "j1zcVpIKHvA-00023-00012636-00013062": "the rollout that it is unlikely we'd see a fully autonomous bomber anywhere in the near future", "j1zcVpIKHvA-00024-00013062-00013547": "there will always be the need to have a human to occupy an aircraft for a variety of reasons", "j1zcVpIKHvA-00025-00013547-00013980": "Dave deptula a retired Air Force Lieutenant General and Dean of the non-profit Mitchell", "j1zcVpIKHvA-00026-00013980-00014562": "Institute for Aerospace power told military.com on Friday and there's enormous potential for", "j1zcVpIKHvA-00027-00014562-00015036": "unmanned aircraft in the future but we have yet to build one that provides the capability like", "j1zcVpIKHvA-00028-00015036-00015654": "the B-21 the Raider was built with an open system architecture which makes it easier to modify also", "j1zcVpIKHvA-00029-00015654-00016163": "making it easier to integrate new weapons that haven't even been invented yet Austin said and", "j1zcVpIKHvA-00030-00016163-00016722": "the b-21's edge will last for decades to come because of the bomber's role as part of the U.S", "j1zcVpIKHvA-00031-00016722-00017274": "nuclear Arsenal and the design elements that make it stealthy the B-21 program has been shrouded in", "j1zcVpIKHvA-00032-00017274-00017826": "secrecy with Friday's ceremony a long-awaited glimpse of the aircraft last year the U.S Air", "j1zcVpIKHvA-00033-00017826-00018342": "Force released a rendering of the B-21 1 showing the long-range stealth bomber taking off from", "j1zcVpIKHvA-00034-00018342-00018822": "Edwards Air Force Base California where it will someday be tested before taking on worldwide", "j1zcVpIKHvA-00035-00018822-00019530": "operations the Pentagon plans to build 100 B-21 so far six of which are in development the average", "j1zcVpIKHvA-00036-00019530-00020094": "unit cost for each bomber is around 700 million dollars according to an Air Force fact sheet"}}, {"audio_id": "j1JKXMrwm3c", "text": {"j1JKXMrwm3c-00000-00000092-00000554": "In this video we're gonna talk a little bit about how your eye works, and give", "j1JKXMrwm3c-00001-00000554-00000992": "you a chance to try some interesting eye physiology tests to see some of the", "j1JKXMrwm3c-00002-00000992-00001628": "different functions of your eyes. First of all", "j1JKXMrwm3c-00003-00001628-00002357": "you can try a blind spot test. All you need for this is essentially two little", "j1JKXMrwm3c-00004-00002357-00002768": "objects that are a particular distance apart. You can find all this information", "j1JKXMrwm3c-00005-00002768-00003176": "on the internet or in a lab book. You can see there's a cross and a circle, and", "j1JKXMrwm3c-00006-00003176-00004251": "this video will explain how they work to do the blind spot test. What you want to", "j1JKXMrwm3c-00007-00004251-00005696": "do is stare at the circle. Keep staring at the circle as you bring your book slowly", "j1JKXMrwm3c-00008-00005696-00006726": "toward you. Somewhere the cross will disappear, sometimes it only partially", "j1JKXMrwm3c-00009-00006726-00007379": "disappears, but it will disappear. To do the other eye you do the same thing, but", "j1JKXMrwm3c-00010-00007379-00007911": "this time, you close the left eye, you keep the right one open and you stare at", "j1JKXMrwm3c-00011-00007911-00008429": "the cross. Stare, stare, stare, stare and wait for the circle to disappear", "j1JKXMrwm3c-00012-00008429-00008856": "or partially disappear. You may have to hold it a little further out to the side", "j1JKXMrwm3c-00013-00008856-00009190": "but it will work.", "j1JKXMrwm3c-00014-00009654-00010255": "Afterimages are a little bit different, there are positive afterimages", "j1JKXMrwm3c-00015-00010255-00010768": "where you see pretty much exactly the same thing that you just saw.", "j1JKXMrwm3c-00016-00010768-00011116": "You might be really familiar this if you're even a little bit light-sensitive. If you", "j1JKXMrwm3c-00017-00011116-00011452": "catch a bright light, and you look away from it, what do you see? Well you see a", "j1JKXMrwm3c-00018-00011452-00011872": "flash of the bright light again. That would be a positive afterimage. In fact,", "j1JKXMrwm3c-00019-00011872-00012298": "positive afterimages are important when we're using things like moving pictures", "j1JKXMrwm3c-00020-00012298-00012859": "on film, because film is a bunch of small images broken up with lines inbetween", "j1JKXMrwm3c-00021-00012859-00013282": "them, as it is on a film reel, and the main reason that the lines don't appear", "j1JKXMrwm3c-00022-00013282-00013822": "to us is because our brain maintains the image of each piece just a little bit", "j1JKXMrwm3c-00023-00013822-00014412": "longer, so the afterimage covers up the lines, which is really interesting.", "j1JKXMrwm3c-00024-00014412-00014932": "Negative afterimages, though, are when your eye gets fatigued. The nerves in", "j1JKXMrwm3c-00025-00014932-00015481": "your eye get fatigued, and because of that, it shifts the way that your cones", "j1JKXMrwm3c-00026-00015481-00016126": "catch different colors. So why don't you try something, stare at this flag", "j1JKXMrwm3c-00027-00016126-00016594": "specifically there's a small white dot in the center of it. Stare really", "j1JKXMrwm3c-00028-00016594-00016984": "intently at that white dot. You want to keep staring at it and focus, focus, focus", "j1JKXMrwm3c-00029-00016984-00017509": "on it, stay really focused, so much so that your eyes start, to, oh my, get", "j1JKXMrwm3c-00030-00017509-00018055": "really, really tired of staring at this funny-looking green striped and yellow", "j1JKXMrwm3c-00031-00018055-00018655": "colored flag, but you have to keep staring and focus, focus, focus, focus, focus as", "j1JKXMrwm3c-00032-00018655-00018964": "hard as you can at that white dot in the center, and as soon as you think you are", "j1JKXMrwm3c-00033-00018964-00019626": "completely and utterly focused on that white dot in the center, now,", "j1JKXMrwm3c-00034-00019626-00020151": "blink a couple of times. If you did it right, you might now see a properly colored", "j1JKXMrwm3c-00035-00020151-00020884": "American flag with red stripes and a blue background for the stars, if not, go", "j1JKXMrwm3c-00036-00020884-00021223": "back and try it again, and maybe even pause on that flag a little bit longer.", "j1JKXMrwm3c-00037-00021223-00021776": "The key to it, is when you get to the white, to relax a little bit before you move on.", "j1JKXMrwm3c-00038-00021776-00022354": "Here's another one to try so do the same thing", "j1JKXMrwm3c-00039-00022354-00022906": "stare very, very, very intently, in this case, at the black dot on the rainbow. The", "j1JKXMrwm3c-00040-00022906-00023359": "rainbow should look kinda weird to you, like it's not quite the right colors, but", "j1JKXMrwm3c-00041-00023359-00023815": "your goal is still to stare at that black dot. Stare at it very, very", "j1JKXMrwm3c-00042-00023815-00024451": "carefully, focus in on the dot, and on the rainbow. It might even start to get wavy", "j1JKXMrwm3c-00043-00024451-00024915": "and funky, but it is important to stay really, really focused on trying to keep", "j1JKXMrwm3c-00044-00024915-00025462": "your eyes in one spot for at least 30 seconds, or sometimes 30 to 45 seconds,", "j1JKXMrwm3c-00045-00025462-00025878": "but that is what you have to do to get them to fatigue. Once the nerves get", "j1JKXMrwm3c-00046-00025878-00026334": "really tired of staring at same thing, that's when it makes the colors", "j1JKXMrwm3c-00047-00026334-00026830": "happen, and so I'm about ready, keep staring, and keep staring, now when you", "j1JKXMrwm3c-00048-00026830-00027286": "blink, you should see a rainbow in the colors you expect, the red on the outside", "j1JKXMrwm3c-00049-00027286-00027886": "all the way down to the purple on the inside. Isn't that cool? Here's the really", "j1JKXMrwm3c-00050-00027886-00028416": "cool thing about it, think about the colors that you saw. So the flag started", "j1JKXMrwm3c-00051-00028416-00029149": "out greenish and became a reddish, and yellowish and became bluish. Where are", "j1JKXMrwm3c-00052-00029149-00029587": "those on this color wheel? Oh hey, they're right across from each other. It's", "j1JKXMrwm3c-00053-00029587-00029982": "because the colors that you see when you see a negative afterimage are", "j1JKXMrwm3c-00054-00029982-00030489": "complementary, meaning they are across the color wheel from each other, so the", "j1JKXMrwm3c-00055-00030489-00030966": "whole way the color wheel is setup, is actually to our physiology, and not", "j1JKXMrwm3c-00056-00030966-00031611": "because of some other random way of setting up colors. Next, we'll talk about", "j1JKXMrwm3c-00057-00031611-00032122": "colorblindness. You have multiple kinds of cones that pick up different", "j1JKXMrwm3c-00058-00032122-00032466": "wavelengths of color and when they pick up those different wavelengths your", "j1JKXMrwm3c-00059-00032466-00032841": "brain typically puts them together to see the entire spectrum of colors but", "j1JKXMrwm3c-00060-00032841-00033265": "for some people the cones don't pick up different wavelengths the same way and", "j1JKXMrwm3c-00061-00033265-00033903": "so they'll see two colors as pretty much the same thing which is a little bit", "j1JKXMrwm3c-00062-00033903-00034531": "funky this is a genetic disorder is carried on the X chromosome so men have", "j1JKXMrwm3c-00063-00034531-00034918": "an X chromosome in a Y chromosome and if their x chromosome has the gene for", "j1JKXMrwm3c-00064-00034918-00035281": "colorblindness they are always colorblind because they don't have any", "j1JKXMrwm3c-00065-00035281-00035719": "other way to fix it women however would need two genes for", "j1JKXMrwm3c-00066-00035719-00036106": "colorblindness so they are less likely to be colorblind but more likely to pass", "j1JKXMrwm3c-00067-00036106-00036910": "it on to a son here's one of the major tests for color blindness can you see in", "j1JKXMrwm3c-00068-00036910-00037390": "this image the different colors the outside of the circle is mostly sort of", "j1JKXMrwm3c-00069-00037390-00038445": "a reddish brown and on the inside there's a seven and a four in green if", "j1JKXMrwm3c-00070-00038445-00038953": "it all looks the same to you you might be color blind and if not then you're", "j1JKXMrwm3c-00071-00038953-00039295": "okay and you can see all the different colors this is one of the many tests", "j1JKXMrwm3c-00072-00039295-00039799": "that are used here's another this one's even more", "j1JKXMrwm3c-00073-00039799-00040567": "obvious where you can see the 12 right in the middle of the green circle so", "j1JKXMrwm3c-00074-00040567-00040888": "code blindness can be a major problem for people especially when they're", "j1JKXMrwm3c-00075-00040888-00041239": "trying to navigate a world that use this color as a major distinguisher of things", "j1JKXMrwm3c-00076-00041239-00041635": "for example there are colorblind modes and many video games because you have to", "j1JKXMrwm3c-00077-00041635-00042129": "tell apart the different colors to be able to see things also traffic lights", "j1JKXMrwm3c-00078-00042129-00042616": "if you think how traffic lights are set up they are red and green for", "j1JKXMrwm3c-00079-00042616-00042925": "stop-and-go which are the two colors most people cannot tell apart if you're", "j1JKXMrwm3c-00080-00042925-00043699": "colorblind but they are always in the same place on the traffic signal so even", "j1JKXMrwm3c-00081-00043699-00044038": "if you can't tell if it is red or green you know if it's the top or the bottom", "j1JKXMrwm3c-00082-00044038-00044938": "whether you should stop or go next you're going to try a test for near", "j1JKXMrwm3c-00083-00044938-00045457": "point accommodation which is the idea that your lens has to shift so you can", "j1JKXMrwm3c-00084-00045457-00045901": "see things that are very very close to you and it can get harder and harder to", "j1JKXMrwm3c-00085-00045901-00046549": "squeeze that part of the lens as you get older and older this is why many older", "j1JKXMrwm3c-00086-00046549-00046920": "people have to hold something out so they can read their eyes cannot", "j1JKXMrwm3c-00087-00046920-00047455": "accommodate something coming very close to them check out this video to see how", "j1JKXMrwm3c-00088-00047455-00047823": "this might work and you can test it", "j1JKXMrwm3c-00089-00048471-00049430": "look at it with just one eye trying to keep the point of that pencil and focus", "j1JKXMrwm3c-00090-00049430-00049875": "until the point that pencil starts to get kind of fuzzy", "j1JKXMrwm3c-00091-00049875-00050301": "so the near point accommodation is how far it is at this point all I need to do", "j1JKXMrwm3c-00092-00050301-00051260": "is bring it up to my face you'd say well that much string is how far that is I", "j1JKXMrwm3c-00093-00051260-00052035": "can measure that with a regular old ruler in centimeters and say that pen", "j1JKXMrwm3c-00094-00052035-00053229": "was about 17 centimeters from my face when I lost focus on it which if I look", "j1JKXMrwm3c-00095-00053229-00053966": "in my book says that I should be about 40 years old which I definitely am the", "j1JKXMrwm3c-00096-00054170-00054692": "last test that you can try on your own is an astigmatism test an astigmatism", "j1JKXMrwm3c-00097-00054692-00055203": "occurs when the lens is shaped in such a way so that it has difficulty focusing", "j1JKXMrwm3c-00098-00055203-00055704": "light and not just like that is a there near or far the way you are farsighted", "j1JKXMrwm3c-00099-00055704-00056187": "or nearsighted but really any light that comes in so stigmatism can make a lot of", "j1JKXMrwm3c-00100-00056187-00056763": "things seem blurry and throw things a little bit out of proportion this is an", "j1JKXMrwm3c-00101-00056763-00057327": "astigmatism test if you do not have an astigmatism all the lines look about the", "j1JKXMrwm3c-00102-00057327-00057738": "same they are the same darkness they're the same thickness and they look like", "j1JKXMrwm3c-00103-00057738-00058374": "they're sitting in the same plane if you do have an astigmatism and especially if", "j1JKXMrwm3c-00104-00058374-00058809": "you can remove your corrective lenses and you look at this you might notice", "j1JKXMrwm3c-00105-00058809-00059213": "that some lines are darker than others for me I have a very strong astigmatism", "j1JKXMrwm3c-00106-00059213-00059883": "lines 12 and 6 are very dark and lines 9 and 3 are very light and very fuzzy and", "j1JKXMrwm3c-00107-00059883-00060450": "the other ones around it are each all a little bit different as it goes I can", "j1JKXMrwm3c-00108-00060450-00060747": "try it with both of my different eyes and I think I have more of an", "j1JKXMrwm3c-00109-00060747-00061182": "astigmatism in my right eye than my left because my left it's a little bit", "j1JKXMrwm3c-00110-00061182-00061551": "clearer and a little bit easier and my right eye the whole thing is like a", "j1JKXMrwm3c-00111-00061551-00062037": "carnival if it looks like a very boring set of lines to you you probably", "j1JKXMrwm3c-00112-00062037-00062757": "don't have an astigmatism your lab book also suggests doing an actual eye test", "j1JKXMrwm3c-00113-00062757-00063114": "in which you would stand 20 feet away from an eye chart and done and see how", "j1JKXMrwm3c-00114-00063114-00063504": "good your eyes are and if you have the opportunity to try something like that", "j1JKXMrwm3c-00115-00063504-00063870": "feel free you could print something out off of the internet and see how good", "j1JKXMrwm3c-00116-00063870-00064302": "your vision is most people get this tested on a somewhat regular basis you", "j1JKXMrwm3c-00117-00064302-00064785": "need to get your eyes tested anytime you get or update your driver's license so", "j1JKXMrwm3c-00118-00064785-00065124": "they'll test it in that manner and other time so most people are familiar with", "j1JKXMrwm3c-00119-00065124-00065655": "this test but it's always good to have a sense of how your vision is and how it", "j1JKXMrwm3c-00120-00065655-00066066": "works which is what this video is all about testing your eyes and your eye", "j1JKXMrwm3c-00121-00066066-00066437": "physiology hope you enjoyed it"}}, {"audio_id": "j1OJqGwD8N8", "text": {"j1OJqGwD8N8-00002-00000557-00000657": "Kawasaki z900 2020", "j1OJqGwD8N8-00003-00016251-00016351": "Z900 use dohc engine 4 cylinder 948cm 16 valve, fuel injection.", "j1OJqGwD8N8-00004-00016605-00016705": "Power 125 ps/9500 rpm ,torque 98,6 nm /7700 rpm.", "j1OJqGwD8N8-00005-00017420-00017470": "Front tire 120/70zr17 m/c (58w)", "j1OJqGwD8N8-00006-00017470-00017520": "Rear tire 180/55ZR17M/C (73W)", "j1OJqGwD8N8-00007-00017596-00017704": "LxWxH : 2070 x 825 x 1080 mm"}}, {"audio_id": "j1VrQlEAX5U", "text": {"j1VrQlEAX5U-00000-00000108-00000659": "before we dive into pivot table there is one more thing to be checked and that is", "j1VrQlEAX5U-00001-00000659-00000959": "is the data consistent in each column", "j1VrQlEAX5U-00002-00001019-00001576": "we will start with the simple data with just four rows but in real life you'll", "j1VrQlEAX5U-00003-00001576-00002039": "have thousands of rows and it is impractical to scroll all those rows to", "j1VrQlEAX5U-00004-00002039-00002450": "check whether there are any mistakes in them in this video we will see how to", "j1VrQlEAX5U-00005-00002450-00002932": "use pivot table as an audit tool to check quality of the input data", "j1VrQlEAX5U-00006-00003064-00003739": "a 2 column table i'm just going to create a pivot table now we will see pivot table", "j1VrQlEAX5U-00007-00003739-00004230": "in detail later but whenever you drag drop something in values area if it's a", "j1VrQlEAX5U-00008-00004230-00004954": "number it calculates it so in this case it summed up all the four numbers now we", "j1VrQlEAX5U-00009-00004954-00005347": "know that there are numbers in the second column as well but when I drag", "j1VrQlEAX5U-00010-00005347-00005898": "and drop this column it does a count so many people get confused as to why daz", "j1VrQlEAX5U-00011-00005898-00006541": "pivot table behave differently when I know that both the columns have the same", "j1VrQlEAX5U-00012-00006541-00007170": "kind of data but now you will notice the difference in amount 2 column there is", "j1VrQlEAX5U-00013-00007170-00007353": "one cell which is empty", "j1VrQlEAX5U-00014-00007353-00007939": "that means it is not numeric type whatever excel is trying to calculate", "j1VrQlEAX5U-00015-00007939-00008374": "things in the value area it goes through the entire column and checks whether all", "j1VrQlEAX5U-00016-00008374-00008977": "the cells have numbers in them even if a single cell is not a number it could be", "j1VrQlEAX5U-00017-00008977-00009703": "empty text or something else then it resorts to count instead of sum that is", "j1VrQlEAX5U-00018-00009703-00010197": "not a bug in fact it is an audit finding which highlights the fact that", "j1VrQlEAX5U-00019-00010197-00010854": "in that column data is not consistent so this is a very simple way of checking", "j1VrQlEAX5U-00020-00010854-00011221": "quality of numeric columns but that's not all", "j1VrQlEAX5U-00021-00011310-00011940": "let's take some more complicated data and see how this works at this point of", "j1VrQlEAX5U-00022-00011940-00012465": "time the data looks good but but there are hundreds of rows of data and I'm not", "j1VrQlEAX5U-00023-00012465-00013013": "going to scroll down to check the quality here is a nice innovative new", "j1VrQlEAX5U-00024-00013013-00013406": "method of using pivot table for data quality auditor", "j1VrQlEAX5U-00025-00013531-00014041": "let's create a pivot table and this time I'm not going to work on the values area", "j1VrQlEAX5U-00026-00014131-00014609": "i'm going to put a column in The Row area", "j1VrQlEAX5U-00027-00014609-00015190": "what does this do it goes through the actual column every cell and then find", "j1VrQlEAX5U-00028-00015190-00015731": "the unique values from that column and puts them in different rows the column", "j1VrQlEAX5U-00029-00015731-00016318": "which is drag drop here is sorted in the natural order if it's if it is text it", "j1VrQlEAX5U-00030-00016318-00016700": "will be in alphabetical order if it is number it will be in ascending order and", "j1VrQlEAX5U-00031-00016700-00017243": "so on but notice that here apart from having the countries in alphabetical", "j1VrQlEAX5U-00032-00017243-00017734": "order it has something else there on the top it has number which shouldn't be", "j1VrQlEAX5U-00033-00017734-00017848": "there at all", "j1VrQlEAX5U-00034-00017848-00018268": "and then there is some kind of logical through here that is an error there is a", "j1VrQlEAX5U-00035-00018268-00018809": "date and there is a blank this is our when you drag proper field into Row area", "j1VrQlEAX5U-00036-00018809-00019298": "and look at the top or bottom portion you can quickly check quality of data", "j1VrQlEAX5U-00037-00019298-00019787": "now we know that there are some problems there but there is one more piece of", "j1VrQlEAX5U-00038-00019787-00019990": "information which is important", "j1VrQlEAX5U-00039-00019990-00020462": "how many times have these mistakes happen if it's a one-off mistake", "j1VrQlEAX5U-00040-00020462-00020812": "you may ignore it if it has happened to many times you need to take corrective", "j1VrQlEAX5U-00041-00020812-00021353": "action now how do we do that we need to put something in the values area which", "j1VrQlEAX5U-00042-00021353-00022025": "will get counted we know that numeric column it does a sum but in this case we", "j1VrQlEAX5U-00043-00022025-00022165": "want to come", "j1VrQlEAX5U-00044-00022165-00022731": "so naturally you will feel like dragging and dropping country column here which", "j1VrQlEAX5U-00045-00022731-00023362": "works in most cases but the blank section does not sure number now why is", "j1VrQlEAX5U-00046-00023362-00023995": "this happening because private table is using the count function internally and", "j1VrQlEAX5U-00047-00023995-00024306": "as you know count function does not count blank cells", "j1VrQlEAX5U-00048-00024414-00024960": "what does that mean I can't use the country column to count the number of", "j1VrQlEAX5U-00049-00024960-00025209": "empty cells in the country column", "j1VrQlEAX5U-00050-00025209-00025525": "ok so we remove it", "j1VrQlEAX5U-00051-00025525-00026073": "now we need to add some other column for counting the problem is i'm not sure", "j1VrQlEAX5U-00052-00026073-00026713": "which column has no empty cells in it because if a column has empty cells in", "j1VrQlEAX5U-00053-00026713-00027247": "it my count itself is going to go wrong and I don't want to waste time checking", "j1VrQlEAX5U-00054-00027247-00027547": "which column is suitable for counting", "j1VrQlEAX5U-00055-00027616-00027916": "so here is a best practice you should learn", "j1VrQlEAX5U-00056-00028077-00028657": "whenever we get data we should add a column our own column and let's call", "j1VrQlEAX5U-00057-00028657-00028902": "that column counter", "j1VrQlEAX5U-00058-00028902-00029443": "now we know that this column is only going to be used for counting things and", "j1VrQlEAX5U-00059-00029443-00029889": "because of that we want to make sure one drag drop into value area guaranteed", "j1VrQlEAX5U-00060-00029889-00030481": "gives me called that means i don't want the number here i want text which takes", "j1VrQlEAX5U-00061-00030481-00030805": "to put here doesn't matter because we're just counting it we just want to make", "j1VrQlEAX5U-00062-00030805-00031312": "sure not a single cell is empty so i'm going to choose a text called a now the", "j1VrQlEAX5U-00063-00031312-00031783": "problem is it went into the first cell and I have to copy that across the range", "j1VrQlEAX5U-00064-00031783-00032380": "which is also painful because this is a table we can make use of the facility of", "j1VrQlEAX5U-00065-00032380-00032911": "tableware if you put a formula then table copies the formula automatically", "j1VrQlEAX5U-00066-00032911-00033406": "without worrying about empty cells in that Justin columns so that's how we got", "j1VrQlEAX5U-00067-00033406-00033592": "our counter column", "j1VrQlEAX5U-00068-00033592-00034102": "now refresh the pivot table and then use the counter column for counting and that", "j1VrQlEAX5U-00069-00034102-00034402": "tells us that there are 13 blank cells", "j1VrQlEAX5U-00070-00034504-00034885": "whether you want to take any action or depends on the business situation", "j1VrQlEAX5U-00071-00034952-00035450": "now we're going to keep the counter column constant and just change to", "j1VrQlEAX5U-00072-00035450-00035965": "another column this column seems to be clean so we're moving", "j1VrQlEAX5U-00073-00036054-00036561": "in this case it looks ok but don't be very sure till you see the bottom", "j1VrQlEAX5U-00074-00036561-00037107": "portion as well so after numbers there is Tex that is date and of course blacks", "j1VrQlEAX5U-00075-00037107-00037725": "dates can be very tricky unless all the dates are correctly specified grouping", "j1VrQlEAX5U-00076-00037725-00038178": "features of Excel pivot table do not work so it's very important to audit", "j1VrQlEAX5U-00077-00038178-00038478": "date columns so i hope you got the idea", "j1VrQlEAX5U-00078-00038570-00038993": "like this when you get raw data before we start analyzing it", "j1VrQlEAX5U-00079-00038993-00039494": "you must put one column at a time into Row area and look at the top and bottom", "j1VrQlEAX5U-00080-00039494-00039802": "to check the quality of the data", "j1VrQlEAX5U-00081-00039802-00040312": "although this may sound like an extra step it is absolutely worth the time and", "j1VrQlEAX5U-00082-00040312-00040716": "effort we are spending on it because unless you're sure that your data is", "j1VrQlEAX5U-00083-00040716-00041209": "accurate you cannot be sure that your output or analysis reports record"}}, {"audio_id": "j27N4_VAXDI", "text": {"j27N4_VAXDI-00000-00000000-00000200": "Mon Jatona Pirit Ki"}}, {"audio_id": "j2DW2oiIZ9y", "text": {"j2DW2oiIZ9y-00000-00001040-00001826": "Hello and welcome to this course about the importance of an effective communication in the workplace.", "j2DW2oiIZ9y-00001-00001884-00002223": "In the workplace, poor communication leads to lack of team", "j2DW2oiIZ9y-00002-00002223-00002880": "cohesion, conflict, and failure to meet corporate goals. As a leader, it is your", "j2DW2oiIZ9y-00003-00002880-00003282": "responsibility to encourage communication among employees and to", "j2DW2oiIZ9y-00004-00003282-00003610": "creates a trusted work environment.", "j2DW2oiIZ9y-00005-00003724-00004296": "Communication is important for three main reasons.  It enhances employee", "j2DW2oiIZ9y-00006-00004296-00004788": "engagement and motivation. It improves collaboration and productivity.", "j2DW2oiIZ9y-00007-00004788-00005190": "It creates loyal relationships among staff.", "j2DW2oiIZ9y-00008-00005266-00005826": "If you constantly communicates with your staff members, they will feel part of the group and will be more", "j2DW2oiIZ9y-00009-00005828-00006312": "encouraged to share their thoughts and ideas that will make the team grow.", "j2DW2oiIZ9y-00010-00006398-00006845": "We all think differently and a strong leader should have the ability to", "j2DW2oiIZ9y-00011-00006845-00007331": "understand this concept. This means that you should never pretend to know what", "j2DW2oiIZ9y-00012-00007331-00007836": "your employees think without asking them. Try to have open and honest", "j2DW2oiIZ9y-00013-00007836-00008340": "conversations with your subordinates to understand what and how they think.", "j2DW2oiIZ9y-00014-00008496-00008964": "Each member of your team is valuable and important, and people would do more for", "j2DW2oiIZ9y-00015-00008964-00009416": "you when you make them feel important and considered.", "j2DW2oiIZ9y-00016-00009514-00010052": "When instructions are not clear or are given to the wrong person, mistakes and confusion are more", "j2DW2oiIZ9y-00017-00010052-00010548": "likely to happen and this will lead to the failure of your team.", "j2DW2oiIZ9y-00018-00010656-00010906": "A constant communication with your subordinates,", "j2DW2oiIZ9y-00019-00010906-00011076": "will help you to better understand their", "j2DW2oiIZ9y-00020-00011076-00011380": "talents and how they can be more productive.", "j2DW2oiIZ9y-00021-00011404-00011852": "Moreover, if you give them clear directions on what they have to do", "j2DW2oiIZ9y-00022-00011852-00012040": "this will reduce the turnaround time for", "j2DW2oiIZ9y-00023-00012048-00012524": "a project and you will be on the road to the success of your team.", "j2DW2oiIZ9y-00024-00012566-00013118": "Tell your staff how they are doing regularly. it is a positive thing to reward staff members", "j2DW2oiIZ9y-00025-00013118-00013600": "by showing your true appreciation. This will encourage them to improve their", "j2DW2oiIZ9y-00026-00013600-00014086": "work performance because they know you appreciate their work.", "j2DW2oiIZ9y-00027-00014200-00014712": "When your subordinates make a mistake, try first to understand whether that mistake is due", "j2DW2oiIZ9y-00028-00014712-00015163": "to a lack of training or due to other reasons. Having open and honest", "j2DW2oiIZ9y-00029-00015163-00015604": "discussions with your staff will help you to create loyal relationships and", "j2DW2oiIZ9y-00030-00015604-00015956": "you will win the support of your team.", "j2DW2oiIZ9y-00031-00016136-00016646": "Communicating is important and how you communicate is the key for your success.", "j2DW2oiIZ9y-00032-00016646-00017220": "Make your team feel important and they will make you feel important, too.", "j2DW2oiIZ9y-00033-00017300-00017552": "Thank you for joining this course.", "j2DW2oiIZ9y-00034-00017554-00017742": "Be a good leader today", "j2DW2oiIZ9y-00035-00017752-00018080": "and be a great leader tomorrow."}}, {"audio_id": "j2Vr3Wsb7Z4", "text": {"j2Vr3Wsb7Z4-00000-00000029-00000079": "Varin and papa", "j2Vr3Wsb7Z4-00001-00000079-00000129": "pretend", "j2Vr3Wsb7Z4-00002-00000140-00000190": "play", "j2Vr3Wsb7Z4-00003-00000190-00000240": "under", "j2Vr3Wsb7Z4-00004-00001067-00001123": "the tree", "j2Vr3Wsb7Z4-00005-00001353-00001633": "Varin and papa pretend play under the tree"}}, {"audio_id": "j34na-1KzS0", "text": {"j34na-1KzS0-00000-00012881-00021976": "How to  Get ahead", "j34na-1KzS0-00001-00021976-00022801": "in Life 2019"}}, {"audio_id": "j37nl1IgKq8", "text": {"j37nl1IgKq8-00000-00000022-00000213": "- Hi, Bama students, welcome back.", "j37nl1IgKq8-00001-00000213-00000365": "Just remember we're all in this together.", "j37nl1IgKq8-00002-00000365-00000515": "- Students, want to let you know that even though", "j37nl1IgKq8-00003-00000515-00000700": "we're not together physically on campus,", "j37nl1IgKq8-00004-00000700-00000861": "that we're still all members", "j37nl1IgKq8-00005-00000861-00001050": "of The University of Alabama family.", "j37nl1IgKq8-00006-00001050-00001356": "- Hey, everybody, joining you from my make-shift office", "j37nl1IgKq8-00007-00001356-00001670": "at home, trusty sidekick.", "j37nl1IgKq8-00008-00001670-00001832": "And, just wanted to let you know", "j37nl1IgKq8-00009-00001832-00001932": "that we're all here for you.", "j37nl1IgKq8-00010-00001932-00002199": "Reach out, if you need any help", "j37nl1IgKq8-00011-00002199-00002370": "and keep your brain stimulated.", "j37nl1IgKq8-00012-00002370-00002453": "- We miss you.", "j37nl1IgKq8-00013-00002453-00002722": "I hope you miss us a little bit too,", "j37nl1IgKq8-00014-00002722-00003024": "but, we're all getting very fluent in Zoom.", "j37nl1IgKq8-00015-00003024-00003247": "So, please stay in touch with your professors", "j37nl1IgKq8-00016-00003247-00003384": "and stay in touch with us.", "j37nl1IgKq8-00017-00003384-00003563": "We're all here to support you.", "j37nl1IgKq8-00018-00003563-00003872": "- I wish you well during this difficult time.", "j37nl1IgKq8-00019-00003872-00003964": "We're good here.", "j37nl1IgKq8-00020-00003964-00004109": "The campus is beautiful.", "j37nl1IgKq8-00021-00004109-00004288": "Wash your hands, take care of yourself", "j37nl1IgKq8-00022-00004288-00004428": "and see you in the fall.", "j37nl1IgKq8-00023-00004589-00004697": "(Pom Poms shaking)", "j37nl1IgKq8-00024-00004697-00004817": "(Lucy laughs)", "j37nl1IgKq8-00025-00004817-00005109": "(Pom Poms shaking)", "j37nl1IgKq8-00026-00005332-00005592": "- Finish this semester strong and Roll Tide.", "j37nl1IgKq8-00027-00005592-00005675": "- Roll Tide.", "j37nl1IgKq8-00028-00005675-00005765": "- Roll Tide."}}, {"audio_id": "j3f1yel6EzM", "text": {"j3f1yel6EzM-00000-00000000-00000200": "new invention in technology you don't want to miss"}}, {"audio_id": "j3pBaJ2bcC0", "text": {"j3pBaJ2bcC0-00000-00000257-00000363": "My name is Jason Mitchell,", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00001-00000363-00000529": "and I'm a developer at Valve.", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00002-00000529-00000738": "Today, some colleagues and I would like to share with you", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00003-00000738-00001099": "the details of the player movement in Half-Life: Alyx.", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00004-00001099-00001448": "Traversing space is a fundamental challenge in VR generally,", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00005-00001448-00001593": "and we have spent considerable effort", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00006-00001593-00001767": "on our locomotion system.", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00007-00001767-00001898": "We'd like to take this opportunity", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00008-00001898-00002050": "to talk about some of our early prototypes", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00009-00002050-00002248": "and some of the more interesting things", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00010-00002248-00002425": "we learned along the way.", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00011-00002425-00002635": "In Half-Life Alyx, we decided to support", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00012-00002635-00002916": "three different types of player locomotion:", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00013-00002916-00003331": "Blink teleport, shift teleport, and continuous locomotion.", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00014-00003434-00003661": "Continuous locomotion is the most similar", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00015-00003661-00004011": "to traditional WASD mouse and keyboard controls.", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00016-00004011-00004184": "This allows players to move smoothly", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00017-00004184-00004472": "through the environment without teleporting.", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00018-00004472-00004603": "In both teleport modes,", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00019-00004603-00004796": "the player uses a targeting interface", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00020-00004796-00005124": "to select the location where they would like to move.", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00021-00005124-00005377": "In blink teleport, the screen turns black,", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00022-00005377-00005612": "the player is moved to the target location,", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00023-00005612-00005816": "and the screen fades back up from black", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00024-00005816-00006006": "with the player at the new position.", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00025-00006006-00006271": "This all takes place in a fraction of a second.", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00026-00006271-00006462": "Shift teleport is similar,", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00027-00006462-00006625": "except the screen doesn't go black,", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00028-00006625-00006973": "and the player is rapidly moved to the selected location.", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00029-00006973-00007162": "Today, we're going to dive into the details", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00030-00007162-00007390": "of the blink and shift teleport modes.", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00031-00007750-00007995": "Since we already shipped blink teleport in The Lab,", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00032-00007995-00008282": "it was a natural place for us to start our development.", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00033-00008282-00008488": "The Lab had a combination of specifically authored", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00034-00008488-00008732": "teleportation locations and room-scale spaces,", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00035-00008732-00008955": "which was where we started our prototypes.", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00036-00008955-00009159": "While the targeting reticle worked well in The Lab,", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00037-00009159-00009354": "it turned out to be distracting to players", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00038-00009354-00009620": "in the more realistic environments of our game.", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00039-00009620-00009770": "In order to present an indicator", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00040-00009770-00009957": "that was more physically grounded in the world,", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00041-00009957-00010164": "we began experimenting with showing the player's feet", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00042-00010164-00010316": "at the target location.", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00043-00010316-00010516": "This had the added benefit of enabling the player", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00044-00010516-00010674": "to select the desired orientation", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00045-00010674-00010893": "at the teleport destination.", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00046-00010893-00011117": "The presentation of the feet implied the volume", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00047-00011117-00011289": "that the player's body would occupy,", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00048-00011289-00011417": "which was especially important", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00049-00011417-00011592": "when moving to cover during combat.", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00050-00011700-00011872": "We also experimented with presenting", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00051-00011872-00012049": "the visualization of player footprints,", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00052-00012049-00012336": "not just at the destination, but along the current path.", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00053-00012336-00012523": "Players had a great reaction to this", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00054-00012523-00012756": "because it allowed them to visualize themselves moving", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00055-00012756-00012904": "over and around obstacles,", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00056-00012903-00013115": "as well as understand why some desired movements", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00057-00013116-00013205": "may not be valid.", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00058-00013375-00013522": "Those virtual footsteps you see", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00059-00013522-00013840": "are a visual representation of our pathing system.", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00060-00013840-00013999": "Initially, we tried repurposing", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00061-00013999-00014186": "our existing nav mesh system,", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00062-00014186-00014526": "which is the same one our AI uses to navigate.", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00063-00014526-00014835": "In practice, however, this proved to be too rigid.", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00064-00014835-00015193": "The nav mesh system precomputes all possible movement paths.", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00065-00015193-00015316": "And while that's efficient,", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00066-00015316-00015594": "it didn't support the locomotion and interaction desires", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00067-00015594-00015769": "of our players or our designers,", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00068-00015769-00016041": "who were building very dynamic environments.", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00069-00016041-00016277": "So this led us to our next series of tests,", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00070-00016277-00016640": "using the well-known ASTAR system to build routes.", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00071-00016640-00016865": "Our ASTAR-based teleport pathing approach", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00072-00016865-00017047": "was successful in that it freed players", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00073-00017047-00017309": "from having to micromanage their teleport targeting.", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00074-00017309-00017556": "But ultimately, it was too computationally intensive,", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00075-00017556-00017828": "so we had to explore more efficient solutions.", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00076-00017828-00018010": "During these early experiments,", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00077-00018010-00018256": "two things became pretty clear to us.", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00078-00018256-00018431": "First, players have a strong tendency", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00079-00018431-00018570": "to focus on the destination,", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00080-00018570-00018688": "and the rest of their environment", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00081-00018688-00018863": "is seen as a potential obstacle", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00082-00018863-00019078": "to them getting where they want to go.", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00083-00019078-00019267": "Second, players imagine themselves", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00084-00019267-00019497": "to have super-human speed and agility.", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00085-00019497-00019705": "Playtesters would happily tell us that, yes,", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00086-00019705-00019858": "in fact, they could reach that spot", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00087-00019858-00019965": "by squeezing through a gap,", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00088-00019965-00020335": "catapulting over an object, or sliding under an obstacle.", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00089-00020335-00020631": "Ultimately, our initial tests and playtesters' desires", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00090-00020631-00020791": "led us to the system we have today,", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00091-00020791-00021002": "the main goals of which are to ensure", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00092-00021002-00021141": "that the end player position", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00093-00021141-00021360": "is a valid place for the player's body", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00094-00021360-00021572": "and that the path to get there is viable.", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00095-00021671-00021835": "To get to this point, we had to solve", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00096-00021835-00022017": "a whole variety of problems.", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00097-00022017-00022228": "Some of the more interesting ones are things like", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00098-00022228-00022517": "how player height has an impact on pathing.", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00099-00022517-00022770": "Also, building player trust in the system", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00100-00022770-00023073": "and keeping players grounded in the world just using audio.", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00101-00023308-00023478": "When we talk about a viable path,", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00102-00023478-00023748": "we mean one where the representation of the player's body", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00103-00023748-00024042": "in the virtual environment stays intact.", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00104-00024042-00024338": "Players obviously can't squeeze in between jail bars", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00105-00024338-00024549": "or fit into a tiny mouse hole", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00106-00024549-00024844": "or do things like jump hundreds of feet up onto ledges.", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00107-00024844-00025102": "But they can crawl, turn, or contort,", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00108-00025102-00025276": "or engage in their environment in a way", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00109-00025276-00025476": "that stays true to their physical shape.", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00110-00025560-00025788": "Traditional video games put the world in front of you,", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00111-00025788-00026002": "and, as a player, you have expectations", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00112-00026001-00026339": "about your ability to navigate and act on the world.", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00113-00026339-00026501": "But movement in VR generates", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00114-00026501-00026700": "so many more player expectations", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00115-00026700-00027000": "because the world completely envelops the player.", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00116-00027000-00027222": "Players actually lean around corners.", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00117-00027222-00027563": "They even get down on the floor to try to peek under doors.", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00118-00027563-00027727": "It turns out that the height at which", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00119-00027727-00028055": "players view the virtual environment is very important.", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00120-00028055-00028291": "We as humans are strongly attuned to the perspective", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00121-00028291-00028491": "that our height gives us on the real world,", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00122-00028492-00028674": "and it was essential that we preserve this", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00123-00028674-00028941": "in the virtual environment in Half-Life Alyx.", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00124-00028941-00029108": "The result of this is that the extent", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00125-00029108-00029355": "of each player's virtual body is subtly different", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00126-00029355-00029620": "due to the variation of their real-world height.", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00127-00029620-00029839": "And this affects the way paths are computed.", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00128-00029839-00030145": "In fact, early on, we would get hard-to-reproduce bugs", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00129-00030145-00030485": "from players banging their virtual head on low-hanging pipes", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00130-00030485-00030733": "'cause they were unable to teleport through certain areas.", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00131-00030733-00030880": "And it was only later that we realized", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00132-00030880-00031189": "all those bugs were coming from our taller colleagues.", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00133-00031307-00031576": "At the time, our system required players to crouch down", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00134-00031576-00031883": "to the minimum height along their desired teleport path.", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00135-00031883-00032020": "But players frequently failed", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00136-00032020-00032208": "to notice that or understand it.", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00137-00032208-00032364": "They were focused on their goal,", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00138-00032364-00032519": "not realizing that, halfway through their path,", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00139-00032519-00032774": "there was an obstacle they needed to crouch under", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00140-00032774-00032938": "during their movement.", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00141-00032938-00033080": "So to solve this, we decided", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00142-00033080-00033263": "on a standard minimum body size,", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00143-00033263-00033388": "which was used to validate", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00144-00033388-00033575": "the middle portions of the teleport path", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00145-00033575-00033767": "and only required that the start and end positions", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00146-00033767-00034099": "could support the actual presence of the full-size player.", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00147-00034376-00034557": "At the core of all Half-Life games", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00148-00034557-00034714": "is a particular mix of story,", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00149-00034714-00034937": "puzzle, and combat experiences.", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00150-00034937-00035176": "In order for the combat experiences in particular", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00151-00035176-00035300": "to succeed in VR,", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00152-00035300-00035551": "it was essential that we built players' trust", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00153-00035551-00035723": "in the teleport system.", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00154-00035723-00035942": "Ultimately, we wanted the teleport interface", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00155-00035942-00036170": "to fade into the background, enabling players", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00156-00036170-00036432": "to concentrate fully on the combat scenarios.", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00157-00036432-00036576": "This meant that the teleport system", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00158-00036576-00036789": "had to perform a player's desired movement", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00159-00036789-00037143": "even if they were performing quick and coarse gestures.", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00160-00037143-00037369": "During development, we discovered two key elements", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00161-00037369-00037586": "that were essential to gaining players' trust:", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00162-00037586-00037834": "Prioritizing movement along the floor", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00163-00037834-00038034": "and, under certain conditions, moving players", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00164-00038034-00038257": "only partially along their desired paths.", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00165-00038343-00038483": "If you think about a traditional", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00166-00038483-00038642": "first-person control scheme,", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00167-00038642-00039016": "you have forward, back, left, right, strafing.", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00168-00039016-00039235": "All of these movements happen in a plane.", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00169-00039235-00039408": "When the player wants to leave the plane,", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00170-00039408-00039556": "they have to do something explicit,", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00171-00039556-00039752": "like jump or climb a ladder.", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00172-00039752-00039905": "Prioritizing the floor", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00173-00039905-00040209": "is the teleportation version of that concept.", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00174-00040209-00040487": "In combat, the player's focus is, as you would expect,", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00175-00040487-00040713": "on the enemy and not on the environment.", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00176-00040713-00040998": "Playtesting has shown us that players teleport targeting", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00177-00040998-00041268": "becomes frantic and imprecise in these situations.", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00178-00041268-00041425": "And even under these conditions,", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00179-00041425-00041695": "our system needs to match player expectations.", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00180-00041695-00041937": "Typically, players want to stay in contact with the floor", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00181-00041937-00042190": "and move out of danger, not jump up and down", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00182-00042190-00042337": "on all the objects in their environment", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00183-00042337-00042479": "in the middle of a battle.", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00184-00042479-00042754": "Floor prioritization achieves this.", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00185-00042754-00042932": "Another way that our teleportation system", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00186-00042932-00043075": "achieves reliable results,", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00187-00043075-00043290": "even when used quickly and imprecisely,", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00188-00043290-00043571": "is by moving players partially along their desired path", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00189-00043571-00043738": "in certain cases.", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00190-00043738-00043821": "In the heat of battle,", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00191-00043821-00044061": "players focus on quickly repositioning themselves", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00192-00044061-00044205": "for tactical advantage.", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00193-00044205-00044340": "Instead of requiring the player", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00194-00044340-00044630": "to precisely specify a valid teleport destination,", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00195-00044630-00044904": "partial movement moves the player as close as possible", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00196-00044904-00045202": "to the desired location along the valid movement path.", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00197-00045202-00045388": "As a result, players don't have to shift", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00198-00045388-00045555": "their mental focus away from their enemy", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00199-00045555-00045738": "in order to move during battle.", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00200-00045738-00045960": "Another variation of partial movement", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00201-00045960-00046122": "occurs at drop-offs.", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00202-00046122-00046335": "Heights are very impactful in VR,", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00203-00046335-00046504": "and dropping into a new environment,", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00204-00046504-00046671": "especially one that was not visible", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00205-00046671-00046826": "prior to committing to the teleport,", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00206-00046826-00047015": "can be very disorienting.", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00207-00047015-00047256": "To address this, we also perform partial movement", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00208-00047256-00047397": "when a player's end position", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00209-00047397-00047652": "is not visible from their starting position.", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00210-00047652-00047794": "The result is a movement up to", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00211-00047794-00048017": "the edge of the cliff or the drop-down,", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00212-00048017-00048163": "creating a natural pause", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00213-00048163-00048375": "that allows the player to view the terrain below", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00214-00048375-00048678": "and make a better informed decision about how to proceed.", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00215-00048678-00048791": "While we want the locomotion system", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00216-00048791-00048998": "to become effectively invisible,", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00217-00048998-00049240": "it's also important that the player's subconscious", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00218-00049240-00049493": "remains aware of their presence in the virtual world.", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00219-00049493-00049721": "Sounds are used as a constant, subtle reminder", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00220-00049721-00049906": "of the player's presence in the game.", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00221-00050060-00050273": "Teleporting in The Lab and SteamVR", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00222-00050273-00050511": "is supported with a relatively abstract sound.", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00223-00050511-00050660": "But that's not consistent", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00224-00050660-00050891": "with the more grounded realism of Half-Life", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00225-00050891-00051063": "or with the visual and haptic cues", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00226-00051063-00051317": "we are providing players in Half-Life: Alyx.", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00227-00051317-00051548": "So rather than a simple, abstract", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00228-00051548-00051711": "teleport confirmation sound,", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00229-00051711-00052024": "we use audio to describe the player's locomotion", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00230-00052024-00052144": "after they teleport.", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00231-00052315-00052570": "This isn't something that's limited to teleporting.", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00232-00052754-00052946": "We use sound to describe and support", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00233-00052946-00053131": "all kinds of body movement.", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00234-00053131-00053480": "For example, a player moving their arm to grab ammo,", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00235-00053480-00053665": "crouching, turning, and twisting", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00236-00053665-00053860": "are all movements supported with sound.", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00237-00054017-00054198": "When we were developing this technology,", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00238-00054198-00054351": "we began with just playing", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00239-00054351-00054580": "some basic Half-Life footstep sounds", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00240-00054580-00054733": "after each teleportation.", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00241-00054830-00054929": "Players responded well,", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00242-00054929-00055225": "so we experimented with using the distance traveled", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00243-00055225-00055428": "to drive footstep volume and timing.", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00244-00055697-00055887": "They also started providing feedback", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00245-00055887-00056146": "that they expected to hear a louder, heavier sound", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00246-00056146-00056429": "when they teleported from a high to a low area,", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00247-00056429-00056749": "effectively jumping down in virtual space.", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00248-00056749-00056988": "This kind of feedback convinced us that players", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00249-00056988-00057341": "were feeling as if they had a physical presence in VR.", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00250-00057341-00057649": "They began to expect their weight to impact the environment", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00251-00057649-00057829": "and hear the results.", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00252-00057829-00057973": "We implemented that feature", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00253-00057973-00058194": "and iterated based on further feedback.", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00254-00058421-00058623": "Now that the game is in the hands of customers,", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00255-00058624-00058767": "it's exciting to see that players", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00256-00058767-00058987": "who prefer different styles of VR locomotion", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00257-00058987-00059122": "have been able to select the option that's", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00258-00059122-00059308": "most comfortable for them.", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00259-00059308-00059438": "Interestingly, the fact that we implemented", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00260-00059438-00059677": "multiple locomotion systems together", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00261-00059677-00059811": "meant that each of them were stronger", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00262-00059811-00060048": "because they could borrow ideas from each other.", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00263-00060048-00060375": "For example, the fluidity of continuous locomotion", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00264-00060375-00060676": "influenced the design of the teleport system.", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00265-00060676-00060917": "Likewise, the audio cues that we developed", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00266-00060917-00061145": "to summarize the player movement during teleports", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00267-00061145-00061405": "were integrated back into the continuous locomotion mode", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00268-00061405-00061642": "to provide the same kind of player feedback.", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00269-00061642-00061851": "So in the end, no matter which", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00270-00061851-00062064": "locomotion method players select,", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00271-00062064-00062234": "they'll be able to move confidently", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00272-00062234-00062494": "through the complex environments of Half-Life: Alyx.", "j3pBaJ2bcC0-00273-00062700-00063201": "(((NO-SYSTEMS)))"}}, {"audio_id": "j3t9U17uXUg", "text": {"j3t9U17uXUg-00000-00000212-00000296": "I regret it so much", "j3t9U17uXUg-00001-00000316-00000448": "I should have helped", "j3t9U17uXUg-00002-00001022-00001222": "It's very stressful", "j3t9U17uXUg-00003-00001222-00001390": "and it can probably lead to depression", "j3t9U17uXUg-00004-00001390-00001520": "if you are depressed", "j3t9U17uXUg-00005-00001536-00001886": "you would probably thinking of ending your life!", "j3t9U17uXUg-00006-00004314-00004622": "FFFA provides two types of products to our beneficiaries", "j3t9U17uXUg-00007-00004644-00004892": "One of them we called it - ready to eat meals", "j3t9U17uXUg-00008-00004914-00005198": "distributed in a packeted", "j3t9U17uXUg-00009-00005216-00005382": "does not need to be refrigerated", "j3t9U17uXUg-00010-00005382-00005516": "has a long life span.", "j3t9U17uXUg-00011-00005516-00005728": "with a variety of menus", "j3t9U17uXUg-00012-00005768-00005968": "We also provides frozen meals", "j3t9U17uXUg-00013-00006042-00006242": "and soon we will be introducing", "j3t9U17uXUg-00014-00006264-00006636": "an innovative concept by placing vending machines", "j3t9U17uXUg-00015-00006666-00006959": "for those who have registered with us", "j3t9U17uXUg-00016-00006978-00007118": "will go to the vending machines", "j3t9U17uXUg-00017-00007118-00007364": "that will be at the void decks of rental houses", "j3t9U17uXUg-00018-00008128-00008454": "Of All many stories that I come across", "j3t9U17uXUg-00019-00008482-00008838": "this is the closest to my heart", "j3t9U17uXUg-00020-00008870-00009070": "He is a professional", "j3t9U17uXUg-00021-00009094-00009350": "but he suffered a disease", "j3t9U17uXUg-00022-00009378-00009630": "flesh eating bacteria", "j3t9U17uXUg-00023-00009694-00010164": "when he lost his teaching job", "j3t9U17uXUg-00024-00010188-00010296": "and his family", "j3t9U17uXUg-00025-00010364-00010614": "2 or 3 days before", "j3t9U17uXUg-00026-00010614-00010760": "fasting month", "j3t9U17uXUg-00027-00010858-00011060": "he requested for dates", "j3t9U17uXUg-00028-00011068-00011268": "and pocky biscuit", "j3t9U17uXUg-00029-00011268-00011586": "I laughed at his request.", "j3t9U17uXUg-00030-00011806-00012060": "Very hard to say...", "j3t9U17uXUg-00031-00012330-00012724": "He died 2 days after", "j3t9U17uXUg-00032-00012760-00012960": "and i regret it", "j3t9U17uXUg-00033-00013984-00014184": "Based on that incident", "j3t9U17uXUg-00034-00014206-00014466": "whenever a person request something from me", "j3t9U17uXUg-00035-00014510-00014758": "I will never rest", "j3t9U17uXUg-00036-00014758-00014966": "until i tried and managed to fulfil the request.", "j3t9U17uXUg-00037-00016690-00017150": "Its Sad...we have become disabled", "j3t9U17uXUg-00038-00017200-00017464": "because we have no leg", "j3t9U17uXUg-00039-00017464-00017582": "to think about it", "j3t9U17uXUg-00040-00017602-00017802": "when I lost my leg", "j3t9U17uXUg-00041-00017844-00018254": "as if I am worthless", "j3t9U17uXUg-00042-00018278-00018450": "and i am unable to work.", "j3t9U17uXUg-00043-00018468-00018616": "I am shocked", "j3t9U17uXUg-00044-00018644-00019036": "on why he should face that situation", "j3t9U17uXUg-00045-00019134-00019650": "having unstable income", "j3t9U17uXUg-00046-00019676-00019864": "It is so stressful", "j3t9U17uXUg-00047-00019896-00020130": "and may lead to depression", "j3t9U17uXUg-00048-00020274-00020748": "you would probably thinking of jumping down.", "j3t9U17uXUg-00049-00020874-00021074": "I spoke to him that", "j3t9U17uXUg-00050-00021142-00021368": "FFFA will provide you a box", "j3t9U17uXUg-00051-00021376-00021576": "of our ready to eat meals", "j3t9U17uXUg-00052-00021630-00021766": "What do you think you want to eat", "j3t9U17uXUg-00053-00021766-00021860": "Just eat", "j3t9U17uXUg-00054-00021860-00022048": "What is high on sugar, don't eat", "j3t9U17uXUg-00055-00022184-00022318": "Sometimes, we will not understand", "j3t9U17uXUg-00056-00022318-00022522": "our family members' thoughts", "j3t9U17uXUg-00057-00022522-00022748": "It is a big burden to them", "j3t9U17uXUg-00058-00022810-00022994": "When I heard about him", "j3t9U17uXUg-00059-00022994-00023148": "I felt that", "j3t9U17uXUg-00060-00023322-00023522": "it is our duty", "j3t9U17uXUg-00061-00023542-00023742": "as a community member", "j3t9U17uXUg-00062-00023742-00023878": "to help him.", "j3t9U17uXUg-00063-00023878-00024212": "We should never give up", "j3t9U17uXUg-00064-00024232-00024482": "and should not blame our fate", "j3t9U17uXUg-00065-00024518-00024862": "this is a test in our life", "j3t9U17uXUg-00066-00024904-00025396": "I would like to thank Free Food For All", "j3t9U17uXUg-00067-00025592-00026060": "for the food distribution", "j3t9U17uXUg-00068-00026430-00026792": "It really helps to lift my burden", "j3t9U17uXUg-00069-00026868-00027206": "What I see from the food they gave me", "j3t9U17uXUg-00070-00027339-00027576": "It is a healthy food", "j3t9U17uXUg-00071-00027758-00027958": "Food is important", "j3t9U17uXUg-00072-00027983-00028188": "and needed by everyone.", "j3t9U17uXUg-00073-00028222-00028692": "I humbly hope and request", "j3t9U17uXUg-00074-00028726-00029014": "for everyone & community", "j3t9U17uXUg-00075-00029032-00029554": "our campaigns is to help our less fortunate society", "j3t9U17uXUg-00076-00029588-00029788": "Please help us", "j3t9U17uXUg-00077-00029827-00030072": "by becoming our sponsors", "j3t9U17uXUg-00078-00030072-00030198": "or volunteers", "j3t9U17uXUg-00079-00030238-00030582": "or share the words around."}}, {"audio_id": "j3PxcSevXuc", "text": {"j3PxcSevXuc-00000-00000488-00001044": "most students need to score a smart score of 100 which means", "j3PxcSevXuc-00001-00001044-00001623": "that they earned a medal, or they've gotten 100 percent on a certain standard", "j3PxcSevXuc-00002-00001623-00002121": "and once they reach 100 percent on the IXL standard they can cross it off", "j3PxcSevXuc-00003-00002121-00002435": "of their spreadsheet so they each have editing powers of their own spreadsheets", "j3PxcSevXuc-00004-00002435-00002852": "so they strike through a skill that they've mastered and then they move", "j3PxcSevXuc-00005-00002852-00003264": "down the spreadsheet to the next skill until they have mastered, until they've", "j3PxcSevXuc-00006-00003264-00003797": "striked through all of the standards on the -- on the page. (Student) if you keep on getting", "j3PxcSevXuc-00007-00003797-00003867": "it right", "j3PxcSevXuc-00008-00003867-00004293": "and you get to 100 percent, you can scratch it off and keep moving down until you really learn", "j3PxcSevXuc-00009-00004293-00004800": "how to keep doing it until you get a hundred and you master it fully. (Off camera) Ok, and then what do you", "j3PxcSevXuc-00010-00004800-00005100": "move on to? You would do whatever you want", "j3PxcSevXuc-00011-00005423-00006098": "so once a student has mastered every substandard within a standard they can", "j3PxcSevXuc-00012-00006098-00006533": "grab an ipad they plan out three different problems an easy, medium, and", "j3PxcSevXuc-00013-00006533-00007006": "hard problem and they make a video explaining how to do that", "j3PxcSevXuc-00014-00007006-00007186": "substandard of a given standard"}}, {"audio_id": "j431ES_OuKc", "text": {"j431ES_OuKc-00000-00000000-00001300": "In the great state of Ohio, you have lost more than 300,000 manufacturing jobs between 1994 and 2015.", "j431ES_OuKc-00001-00001300-00002200": "31% of all manufacturing jobs in Ohio, but it's not just Ohio.", "j431ES_OuKc-00002-00002200-00003000": "In my state, all over this country, people saw their factories and decent-paying jobs shut down.", "j431ES_OuKc-00003-00003000-00003500": "Plants moved to Mexico, China. People hired at desperately low wages.", "j431ES_OuKc-00004-00003500-00003900": "And those products brought back to America.", "j431ES_OuKc-00005-00004000-00004200": "I will tell you a brief story.", "j431ES_OuKc-00006-00004200-00004900": "In the early 1990s, I went to the Maquiladora area in Mexico.", "j431ES_OuKc-00007-00004900-00005200": "and I'll never forget what I saw", "j431ES_OuKc-00008-00005200-00005700": "What I saw there were all of these brand new state-of-the-art factories", "j431ES_OuKc-00009-00005700-00006000": "American factories, some European factories.", "j431ES_OuKc-00010-00006000-00006900": "and I said I wanna talk to the workers. I wanna visit the homes of the workers who work in those factories.", "j431ES_OuKc-00011-00006900-00007900": "The only problem was I could not visit the homes of the workers who worked in those factories because they did not have homes", "j431ES_OuKc-00012-00007900-00008200": "They lived in cardboard shacks.", "j431ES_OuKc-00013-00008200-00008600": "then making twenty-five cents an hour", "j431ES_OuKc-00014-00009000-00009200": "I remember it like it was yesterday", "j431ES_OuKc-00015-00009200-00009900": "filthy water. They had one lightbulb strung up connected to some electric outlet some place.", "j431ES_OuKc-00016-00009900-00010300": "Those were the people who were working in those factories.", "j431ES_OuKc-00017-00010300-00010900": "They were exploited people. Millions of people in Mexico had to leave their farms,", "j431ES_OuKc-00018-00010900-00011300": "come into the big cities, become unemployed", "j431ES_OuKc-00019-00011300-00011900": "We are going, together, to end these disastrous trade agreements,", "j431ES_OuKc-00020-00011900-00012500": "which have cost this country millions of decent-paying jobs.", "j431ES_OuKc-00021-00012500-00013300": "We are gonna create trade agreements that work for workers, not just the CEOs of large corporations."}}, {"audio_id": "j4hAifSHmCA", "text": {"j4hAifSHmCA-00000-00000000-00000561": "Hallo, Annyeonghaseyo yorobun, Anyyeonghaseyo Chingudel", "j4hAifSHmCA-00001-00000902-00000994": "what is this", "j4hAifSHmCA-00002-00001029-00001405": "I have a gift from Talk Talk Korea", "j4hAifSHmCA-00003-00001699-00002499": "spechless, I received notification sms pajak from Bea Cukai", "j4hAifSHmCA-00004-00002499-00002759": "for some payment", "j4hAifSHmCA-00005-00002759-00002990": "got this gift", "j4hAifSHmCA-00006-00002990-00003190": "forgot to fill out the form", "j4hAifSHmCA-00007-00003190-00003345": "let's open", "j4hAifSHmCA-00008-00006381-00006632": "WOOOOOWWWWW", "j4hAifSHmCA-00009-00006918-00007404": "got a doll from KOCIS", "j4hAifSHmCA-00010-00007404-00008149": "hope it gets big Kocnuni", "j4hAifSHmCA-00011-00008149-00008349": "oke, and more things", "j4hAifSHmCA-00012-00008492-00008827": "from KOCIS", "j4hAifSHmCA-00013-00010000-00010517": "like a pin or bros", "j4hAifSHmCA-00014-00014290-00015116": "I will continue to use this for Korea's event in Indonesia", "j4hAifSHmCA-00015-00016353-00017018": "I got calender 2023 KOCIS", "j4hAifSHmCA-00016-00017383-00017765": "It's already March, still got the calendar", "j4hAifSHmCA-00017-00017837-00018072": "can I got ticket to Korea :(", "j4hAifSHmCA-00018-00018125-00018282": "even 5th prize", "j4hAifSHmCA-00019-00018467-00018705": "wooowwww", "j4hAifSHmCA-00020-00019368-00020545": "In this calendar, are photos of the participants Talk Talk Korea 2022", "j4hAifSHmCA-00021-00020590-00020895": "just got it, so just found out"}}, {"audio_id": "j4okQqLckkg", "text": {"j4okQqLckkg-00000-00000070-00000756": "the Gmail app is easy to find and access a student will want to go to the app", "j4okQqLckkg-00001-00000756-00001590": "portal I'm going to tap on that right now once you're in the app portal there", "j4okQqLckkg-00002-00001590-00002364": "are a list of apps and I am just going to search for Gmail notice it'll pop up", "j4okQqLckkg-00003-00002364-00003059": "I'm going to tap on it it's going to talk about installing it I will continue", "j4okQqLckkg-00004-00003059-00003939": "and then it should begin installation on my iPad notice I have the Gmail app here", "j4okQqLckkg-00005-00003939-00004437": "I'm going to tap to open it it prompts me to sign in at the bottom", "j4okQqLckkg-00006-00004437-00005332": "I will use my school gmail account and sign in", "j4okQqLckkg-00007-00005355-00005932": "and then you're gonna probably want to allow notifications and you will be able", "j4okQqLckkg-00008-00005932-00006253": "to use Gmail"}}, {"audio_id": "j4BezDzNp7u", "text": {"j4BezDzNp7u-00000-00000019-00000247": "Hello, digital nomad type!", "j4BezDzNp7u-00001-00000247-00000600": "I guess it doesn't matter anymore whether or not you like the term digital nomad because", "j4BezDzNp7u-00002-00000600-00000868": "it does look like it's here to stay.", "j4BezDzNp7u-00003-00000868-00001196": "So, welcome to Nomads Like Us!", "j4BezDzNp7u-00004-00001196-00001320": "My name is Jay Carter.", "j4BezDzNp7u-00005-00001320-00001614": "I guess I'm also a digital nomad.", "j4BezDzNp7u-00006-00001614-00001805": "Probably at least a little bit like you.", "j4BezDzNp7u-00007-00001805-00002323": "I started this little bootstrapped project called Nomads Like Us because, you know, as", "j4BezDzNp7u-00008-00002323-00002882": "filled with excitement and opportunity and adventure the nomadic or semi-nomadic lifestyle", "j4BezDzNp7u-00009-00002882-00003174": "can be, I know it has its challenges as well.", "j4BezDzNp7u-00010-00003174-00003785": "For instance: \"Where can I get a solid, productive day of work done?\" or \"Who can hook me up", "j4BezDzNp7u-00011-00003785-00004134": "with a great set of digs that I can rent for a month or more?\"", "j4BezDzNp7u-00012-00004134-00004740": "But most importantly and probably most challenging of all: \"How do I build and maintain a social", "j4BezDzNp7u-00013-00004740-00005037": "life and counter those solo nomad blues?\"", "j4BezDzNp7u-00014-00005037-00005742": "\"How do I turn brief encounters with other nomadic sorts into lasting, meaningful friendships?\"", "j4BezDzNp7u-00015-00005742-00006081": "Well, that's what we're here for.", "j4BezDzNp7u-00016-00006081-00006515": "It's not that there's a lack of resources out there for nomads but what we don't have", "j4BezDzNp7u-00017-00006515-00007036": "is an integrated system that uses our collective knowledge and reach to solve our challenges", "j4BezDzNp7u-00018-00007036-00007206": "together.", "j4BezDzNp7u-00019-00007206-00007754": "That's why, right here, in this little space, we're building a sort of operating system", "j4BezDzNp7u-00020-00007754-00007873": "for nomads.", "j4BezDzNp7u-00021-00007873-00008285": "And I honest to goodness want you to build it with us.", "j4BezDzNp7u-00022-00008285-00008870": "For now, you'll notice the platform has a forum, some social networking features, a", "j4BezDzNp7u-00023-00008870-00009528": "Slack team that you can join as well as a place that we can share our stories.", "j4BezDzNp7u-00024-00009528-00009955": "It's nothing revolutionary just yet, but it is all free.", "j4BezDzNp7u-00025-00009955-00010366": "Coming down the pipe, though, we're building what I think are some pretty rad tools to", "j4BezDzNp7u-00026-00010366-00010645": "help us tackle our common challenges.", "j4BezDzNp7u-00027-00010645-00010854": "And I can't wait to share them with you.", "j4BezDzNp7u-00028-00010854-00011200": "In the meantime, what's here is yours to use and to share.", "j4BezDzNp7u-00029-00011200-00011460": "And please do share.", "j4BezDzNp7u-00030-00011460-00011577": "Thanks for popping by.", "j4BezDzNp7u-00031-00011577-00011771": "I hope you'll make a habit of it.", "j4BezDzNp7u-00032-00011771-00011908": "Take it easy, sisters and brothers."}}, {"audio_id": "j5eRGo2zZ44", "text": {"j5eRGo2zZ44-00000-00000096-00000664": "okay so let's first introduce some um commonly used and vector data analysis", "j5eRGo2zZ44-00001-00000736-00001400": "um the one is called buffer so the buffer means that we can create a buffer", "j5eRGo2zZ44-00002-00001400-00002392": "polygons around any input feature to a specific distance okay around any type of input feature", "j5eRGo2zZ44-00003-00002392-00003144": "so here you can the input feature can be points let me polyline and those can be polygons", "j5eRGo2zZ44-00004-00003247-00004232": "and the you have to specify the distance okay it's like five kilometers uh 10 miles etc and for", "j5eRGo2zZ44-00005-00004232-00004984": "the output you can choose whether or not you want dissolve the output so if you don't want dissolve", "j5eRGo2zZ44-00006-00004984-00005840": "the output so for each single input it has its own unique buffers so those buffers will be separate", "j5eRGo2zZ44-00007-00006008-00006904": "if you choose to dis uh dissolve and if those buffers that they touch this these shears", "j5eRGo2zZ44-00008-00006904-00007664": "boundaries then they will be dissolved as one buffer okay so depending on the scenarios that", "j5eRGo2zZ44-00009-00007664-00008424": "uh what you want so you can choose either dissolve or non-dissolve okay so that is buffer", "j5eRGo2zZ44-00010-00008568-00009088": "so since we're talking about dissolve so dissolve actually have can be another separate", "j5eRGo2zZ44-00011-00009088-00010000": "tool so that will aggregate features based on the specific attributes okay uh so for example here", "j5eRGo2zZ44-00012-00010000-00010616": "we have the population for each single county however if you don't want the publisher of", "j5eRGo2zZ44-00013-00010616-00011384": "state but if you want have a publishing for state you can dissolve based on the state id", "j5eRGo2zZ44-00014-00011464-00012136": "okay you can dissolve based on state id and next so all the counties that belong to the same state", "j5eRGo2zZ44-00015-00012192-00012928": "will be one um single feature okay so other countries that belong to the same state will be", "j5eRGo2zZ44-00016-00012928-00013688": "a single feature and you can specify that how do you want to aggregate those attributes so you can", "j5eRGo2zZ44-00017-00013688-00014912": "either calculate the average the mean the maximum the minimal essentials so that is dissolved select", "j5eRGo2zZ44-00018-00015000-00015512": "we have talked about slack in the previous lectures that we can select the attribute and also", "j5eRGo2zZ44-00019-00015512-00016416": "select the spatial locations however so here the select is in a spatial analysis so that means that", "j5eRGo2zZ44-00020-00016536-00017200": "you can select features from input based on either spatial query or non-spatial query", "j5eRGo2zZ44-00021-00017392-00017736": "and you can store them into an output feed", "j5eRGo2zZ44-00022-00017904-00018712": "okay so here is the difference so that in this slide you can save the selection into a new", "j5eRGo2zZ44-00023-00018712-00019472": "feature into a separate feature so that is a slack in the data analysis so it's not a simple query", "j5eRGo2zZ44-00024-00019472-00020256": "that will make the query the result of the query will be saved as a new output feature class", "j5eRGo2zZ44-00025-00020592-00021248": "okay uh so let's see some examples uh so here if we want if we are going to use those uh spatial", "j5eRGo2zZ44-00026-00021248-00022088": "analysis so we can either go to the tools that beneath the analysis and you can type uh", "j5eRGo2zZ44-00027-00022192-00022752": "that on the name of that analysis for example if i want create buffer so i just type buffer", "j5eRGo2zZ44-00028-00023064-00023712": "okay and here there are different types of buffers but the the first one is the one that we have been", "j5eRGo2zZ44-00029-00023712-00024384": "used in this lecture so the buffer analysis all if you go to the toolbox here and if you", "j5eRGo2zZ44-00030-00024440-00025224": "click this drop down list and here architects pro listed those most commonly used special analysis", "j5eRGo2zZ44-00031-00025224-00026400": "for example the buffer is here um and also select is not listed here dissolve i think uh is listed", "j5eRGo2zZ44-00032-00026400-00027000": "here so you can if you want to use buffer or the dissolve dissolve you can use those two here okay", "j5eRGo2zZ44-00033-00027000-00027520": "or you can just search in this search box okay so for the buffer let's say we create buffer", "j5eRGo2zZ44-00034-00027720-00028239": "let's see what we want create buffer for each single mass routine so here", "j5eRGo2zZ44-00035-00028239-00028808": "let's see the input feature will be the master team 2019 that is projected", "j5eRGo2zZ44-00036-00029000-00029832": "and for this output feature so um they are give you this name but however let's let's give it a", "j5eRGo2zZ44-00037-00029832-00030864": "more specific name so let's say we call this one as a buffer and we want to create this one as 50", "j5eRGo2zZ44-00038-00030864-00031768": "kilometers okay so let's put that into the name and also in this distance field let's choose 50", "j5eRGo2zZ44-00039-00031952-00032544": "and let's choose kilometers okay and do you want dissolve", "j5eRGo2zZ44-00040-00032544-00033232": "or not so let's say we don't want to dissolve okay and next let's write", "j5eRGo2zZ44-00041-00033520-00033896": "okay uh so now you can see we have those tiny circles that", "j5eRGo2zZ44-00042-00033896-00034624": "being created around each single point of the masculine shooting instance so if you zoom in", "j5eRGo2zZ44-00043-00034984-00035632": "okay you can see that for example here we have three points and for each seamless", "j5eRGo2zZ44-00044-00035688-00036584": "point we have a separate buffer okay and if we right click open this attribute table", "j5eRGo2zZ44-00045-00036704-00037016": "okay and we can see that for each single instance so", "j5eRGo2zZ44-00046-00037088-00037536": "we also have the original information like number of people being killed and also injured", "j5eRGo2zZ44-00047-00037624-00038544": "original fid okay so that is a primary key on this mass routine points and also we can see the", "j5eRGo2zZ44-00048-00038544-00039704": "lengths and areas and also distance okay distance this is 50 kilometers so that is the five 50 000", "j5eRGo2zZ44-00049-00039704-00040640": "meters okay so that is the buffer analysis and if we go to the catalog and we can see that again so", "j5eRGo2zZ44-00050-00040640-00041264": "this is geodatabase that created for this project so all the result is saved in this geodatabase", "j5eRGo2zZ44-00051-00041448-00042312": "let's next let's try the dissolve so if we go to this toolbox window so let's choose the dissolve", "j5eRGo2zZ44-00052-00042408-00042936": "so here let's say suppose we only have a county population and we want to dissolve", "j5eRGo2zZ44-00053-00042936-00043584": "the population based on the state see how that will look like so let's click dissolve", "j5eRGo2zZ44-00054-00043688-00044080": "and for this input feature let's choose the county population", "j5eRGo2zZ44-00055-00044336-00045008": "okay and the output factor will be counting population dissolve which is fine", "j5eRGo2zZ44-00056-00045008-00045768": "so and the dissolve field so that is a based on which field you are going to dissolve your result", "j5eRGo2zZ44-00057-00045768-00046080": "so let's say we want to dissolve by the state", "j5eRGo2zZ44-00058-00046296-00046928": "okay by the state and that's how do you want to calculate the field so let's see if we want to", "j5eRGo2zZ44-00059-00046928-00047584": "calculate the total population and we want the sum so here you can see you can calculate mean", "j5eRGo2zZ44-00060-00047776-00048680": "standard deviation in centers let's say calculate the sum okay so basically what we are going to do", "j5eRGo2zZ44-00061-00048680-00049264": "is that so suppose that we don't have the state population so we are going to merge", "j5eRGo2zZ44-00062-00049264-00049960": "all the counties based on their state name and we are also going to calculate the total population", "j5eRGo2zZ44-00063-00049960-00050584": "so we are sum up all the populations and let's see how that looks like so let's write", "j5eRGo2zZ44-00064-00050880-00051312": "okay so now we can see we have this county publishing dissolve", "j5eRGo2zZ44-00065-00051376-00051672": "and if we open the attribute table", "j5eRGo2zZ44-00066-00051920-00052448": "okay so now we have the 32 records and also we have the total population", "j5eRGo2zZ44-00067-00052688-00053384": "okay and so if you really want to compare the dissolved population against the state population", "j5eRGo2zZ44-00068-00053496-00054352": "and which actually we can try so here right now on my map that the green maps are dissolved from the", "j5eRGo2zZ44-00069-00054352-00055240": "county and also orange ones those are the original state population so if i select both layers", "j5eRGo2zZ44-00070-00055336-00056408": "and if i go to the map and also choose explore explore and i click see if i click on the map", "j5eRGo2zZ44-00071-00056816-00057472": "okay and also make sure in the explore you choose to explore the visible layers so let's", "j5eRGo2zZ44-00072-00057472-00058288": "say we check the virginia so let's click virginia identify and now you can see uh it retained result", "j5eRGo2zZ44-00073-00058288-00058984": "from the dissolved so where the population is this and if you look at the population from state", "j5eRGo2zZ44-00074-00059520-00060360": "okay access pro crashed okay so here i just restart arcgis pro and like you can see that", "j5eRGo2zZ44-00075-00060360-00061079": "lecture 7 is still there so it is automatically saved so now i'm just reopening this project", "j5eRGo2zZ44-00076-00061272-00062112": "and uh hopefully everything will still be saved so if we go to my folders and lecture seven and also", "j5eRGo2zZ44-00077-00062112-00062936": "geodatabase so uh all the analysis are still saved okay so let's let's drag the publishing dissolved", "j5eRGo2zZ44-00078-00063128-00064584": "and also the publishing of the state", "j5eRGo2zZ44-00079-00064967-00065592": "so we are going to compare uh the population so let's go to its plan let's just compare for", "j5eRGo2zZ44-00080-00065592-00065984": "virginia", "j5eRGo2zZ44-00081-00066472-00067384": "okay we can move this window a little bit bigger", "j5eRGo2zZ44-00082-00067616-00068368": "okay uh let's see the population for virginia so from the state population so that is this number", "j5eRGo2zZ44-00083-00068728-00069600": "and from this dissolved so that is almost the same number okay great so lastly let's try this select", "j5eRGo2zZ44-00084-00069600-00070184": "so if you remember that if we go to the analysis uh let's remove this dissolved one", "j5eRGo2zZ44-00085-00070264-00070680": "so let's say we want select two states so let's say we want select virginia", "j5eRGo2zZ44-00086-00070736-00071800": "uh and also let's see maryland okay we want select two states um so in this most commonly", "j5eRGo2zZ44-00087-00071800-00072544": "used uh analysis you can see that select was not there is not there right it's not there so let's", "j5eRGo2zZ44-00088-00072544-00073504": "go to toolbox and let's select uh choose select type select s-e-l-e-c-t okay so that is select", "j5eRGo2zZ44-00089-00073736-00074384": "so this select is different from the one that we used earlier", "j5eRGo2zZ44-00090-00074464-00074992": "okay so it is different from the map selection because in this map selection you only select", "j5eRGo2zZ44-00091-00075048-00075880": "the data and it will show you the selected result but in this select in this geoprocessing it it", "j5eRGo2zZ44-00092-00075880-00076592": "will allow you to select here let's say select state population and it will save the result", "j5eRGo2zZ44-00093-00076592-00077328": "into a new uh feature class or into a new speech of data so first let's say we want select virginia", "j5eRGo2zZ44-00094-00077584-00078584": "and let's choose a new expression here let's say we want the state name it calls virginia", "j5eRGo2zZ44-00095-00079032-00079416": "okay and we can write you can also use sql code", "j5eRGo2zZ44-00096-00079736-00080184": "okay and now you can see this is success and also virginia has been selected", "j5eRGo2zZ44-00097-00080240-00080896": "uh for some reason they are using the same color so if i uncheck state population and you can see", "j5eRGo2zZ44-00098-00080896-00081832": "virginia is here so that you stand alone um uh ship file or the feature class and if i go to", "j5eRGo2zZ44-00099-00081832-00082600": "the catalog you can see that here i do have the virginia at the standalone single feature class", "j5eRGo2zZ44-00100-00082600-00083280": "or polygon so let's repeat this selection so here let's say we want select maryland as well", "j5eRGo2zZ44-00101-00083280-00084336": "so let's here we just see maryland and in the query we can choose the name equals maryland", "j5eRGo2zZ44-00102-00084696-00084800": "and now we write", "j5eRGo2zZ44-00103-00085112-00085848": "okay so now you can see maryland is now added to the map so again if we go to the catalog", "j5eRGo2zZ44-00104-00085904-00086464": "and we can see we have our second polygon that is maryland being selected", "j5eRGo2zZ44-00105-00086464-00086944": "as a separate polygon feature in our geodatabase"}}, {"audio_id": "j5EgXTHUbqM", "text": {"j5EgXTHUbqM-00000-00004352-00005372": "[Drunk:] Hi! It, it was a tough one. I really need to say that, because, who the fuck", "j5EgXTHUbqM-00001-00005373-00006408": "came up with the idea of 10 episodes? 10 different things you should or", "j5EgXTHUbqM-00002-00006408-00007397": "shouldn't say to people in wheelchairs. Really, I made up my mind all night for the last", "j5EgXTHUbqM-00003-00007398-00008781": "episode. I'm gonna tell you ah it wasn't an easy one. I really had no idea what to", "j5EgXTHUbqM-00004-00008781-00009992": "say and what to... which advice  I could give you, really, really ah make me", "j5EgXTHUbqM-00005-00009996-00011772": "feel... wasted me, I'm so wasted. But you know... and yes after my second one it was there", "j5EgXTHUbqM-00006-00011772-00013694": "I had it, you guys always ask me \"what do you do when you drink and", "j5EgXTHUbqM-00007-00013694-00014947": "drive, drive and drink.?\"  It's a  tough one, you know, it's not easy.", "j5EgXTHUbqM-00008-00014947-00017117": "But  as you can see: It works fine. Really fine. Yeah.  Because you know", "j5EgXTHUbqM-00009-00017117-00018062": "as a powered wheelchair driver, you always have to take care you have", "j5EgXTHUbqM-00010-00018062-00019152": "one hand for the drink and one hand for the stick. The stick, you know?", "j5EgXTHUbqM-00011-00019152-00020531": "I need one hand, I need one hand to go and I can use the other one to drink. So basically", "j5EgXTHUbqM-00012-00020531-00021411": "it's not that difficult. But for other people in wheelchairs or I mean for", "j5EgXTHUbqM-00013-00021411-00022413": "people in normal wheelchairs,  they need both hands,  they need both hands", "j5EgXTHUbqM-00014-00022413-00023715": "to walk, to drive, so if they wanna drink they need just to drive first  and drink later or", "j5EgXTHUbqM-00015-00023715-00025049": "drink later, you can drive first.  Whatever you want. So and so,", "j5EgXTHUbqM-00016-00025049-00026377": "but basically  it's difficult for them and you as the normal one you can you can walk", "j5EgXTHUbqM-00017-00026377-00027252": "and drink yeah like I can, so we are equal.", "j5EgXTHUbqM-00018-00027287-00028474": "Imagine  you got only one leg and then  you can't walk anymore,", "j5EgXTHUbqM-00019-00028474-00029313": "because one leg is one leg yeah to less, I mean you you need two legs", "j5EgXTHUbqM-00020-00029313-00030081": "to walk,  if you have one leg only, you need two sticks for a  chance to walk", "j5EgXTHUbqM-00021-00030081-00030747": "and then  you can't walk and drink anymore, because it's...  you need it give me a chance", "j5EgXTHUbqM-00022-00030747-00032181": "to walk like wheelchair drivers in normal wheelchairs.  Don't get", "j5EgXTHUbqM-00023-00032181-00033286": "caught by the police because it's complicated. But anyway,  they can't take away a license,", "j5EgXTHUbqM-00024-00033286-00034122": "because my life makes you use a chair, it's  my disability,", "j5EgXTHUbqM-00025-00034122-00034665": "they can't take away  my disability.", "j5EgXTHUbqM-00026-00034761-00035535": "And I think at least, I haven't tried, but you", "j5EgXTHUbqM-00027-00035535-00036701": "know, no I think ... Sooo, don't drink and drive! I mean walk and go", "j5EgXTHUbqM-00028-00036701-00037650": "drink and go, walk and... anyhow, you know, it's just it's complicated oh yeah", "j5EgXTHUbqM-00029-00037650-00039059": "It's difficult really... and it's beer, it's not the best one,", "j5EgXTHUbqM-00030-00039059-00040319": "beer... I actually don't like beer, yeah, It's ok,", "j5EgXTHUbqM-00031-00040395-00041143": "don't drink and drive with cars, okay? Cars and drinking is a bad", "j5EgXTHUbqM-00032-00041143-00042202": "combination, so, yeah that's  the last one from the daily \"how to talk to", "j5EgXTHUbqM-00033-00042202-00043042": "people with wheelchairs\",   not all people would drink as much as I do, and normally", "j5EgXTHUbqM-00034-00043042-00044403": "I don't drink neither, I hope it's correct... Teal did it, she did the 50 grands,", "j5EgXTHUbqM-00035-00044403-00045148": "congratulations  the last time, we're all looking forward to \"My gimpy life\", second season,", "j5EgXTHUbqM-00036-00045148-00046680": "I think it's gonna be awesome,  and yeah if you suscribe to my channel", "j5EgXTHUbqM-00037-00046722-00047788": "mabacherTV,  I know it's not on the shirt, but you know you can find it on YouTube and", "j5EgXTHUbqM-00038-00047788-00048930": "I put the link anywhere. So that's for now, I guess i will come back with", "j5EgXTHUbqM-00039-00048930-00049897": "something different. We will see you again and... but for now I'm enjoying the", "j5EgXTHUbqM-00040-00049897-00050754": "sunny weather finally closed in Europe it was not a good time, the weather wasn't ok,", "j5EgXTHUbqM-00041-00051520-00052817": "So thanks for watching \"How to talk to people in a wheelchair\",  and really don't do it!", "j5EgXTHUbqM-00042-00052817-00053552": "See ya next time. Thanks!"}}, {"audio_id": "j5X6FJNCdtc", "text": {"j5X6FJNCdtc-00000-00000064-00000463": "Hi everybody! My name is Nikki Moreno and", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00001-00000287-00000600": "I'm one of the TAs that works for the", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00002-00000463-00000775": "GEP.", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00003-00000600-00000976": "Today, I will be helping you use the", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00004-00000775-00001216": "Small Exon Finder and I'm going to tell", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00005-00000976-00001263": "you all about how to use it, when to use", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00006-00001216-00001600": "it,", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00007-00001263-00001855": "and why we use it. In your project, if you", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00008-00001600-00001943": "find yourself having to annotate a gene", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00009-00001855-00002192": "on a contig,", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00010-00001943-00002319": "that means you're going to have to map", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00011-00002192-00002600": "the gene onto", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00012-00002319-00002711": "a target species using specific", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00013-00002600-00002911": "coordinates.", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00014-00002711-00003088": "That is typically done hand in hand with", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00015-00002911-00003392": "BLAST and depending on", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00016-00003088-00003615": "what information you want will also", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00017-00003392-00003800": "dictate which BLAST program you're going", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00018-00003615-00004055": "to use.", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00019-00003800-00004128": "I think analogies are a great way to", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00020-00004055-00004448": "explain", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00021-00004128-00004536": "a certain process, especially when it's a", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00022-00004448-00004864": "bit unclear", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00023-00004536-00005064": "as to why you're doing something. In this", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00024-00004864-00005368": "case when you are using", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00025-00005064-00005703": "the search engine, BLAST,", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00026-00005368-00005944": "it's a lot like taking a full page", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00027-00005703-00006152": "and trying to find an identical page", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00028-00005944-00006408": "within a whole bookcase.", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00029-00006152-00006559": "Now, with a whole page, you can probably", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00030-00006408-00006808": "throw some pictures on it", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00031-00006559-00006928": "or there might be a lot of text so it's", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00032-00006808-00007320": "very easy", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00033-00006928-00007495": "to find a page that is identical", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00034-00007320-00007679": "to the one that you're using in the", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00035-00007495-00007895": "search.", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00036-00007679-00007984": "So let's think: maybe you weren't given a", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00037-00007895-00008232": "whole page", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00038-00007984-00008440": "to look through this database. Let's say", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00039-00008232-00008711": "you were given a couple words;", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00040-00008440-00008864": "some letters. In the case of gene", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00041-00008711-00009088": "annotating, what if your", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00042-00008864-00009304": "exon you're trying to find is only three", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00043-00009088-00009504": "amino acids long ?", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00044-00009304-00009688": "Using BLAST may give you too many hits", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00045-00009504-00009815": "and several of those hits may have high", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00046-00009688-00010072": "e-values.", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00047-00009815-00010215": "So, the solution to this problem is using", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00048-00010072-00010496": "the Small Exon Finder", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00049-00010215-00010568": "so that way it limits the amount of", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00050-00010496-00010911": "places", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00051-00010568-00011175": "you have to look on that actual database.", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00052-00010911-00011384": "Usually, your internal coding exons are", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00053-00011175-00011607": "going to span a larger genomic region", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00054-00011384-00011888": "than your terminal coding exons", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00055-00011607-00012015": "but sometimes that's not always the case.", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00056-00011888-00012311": "Looking at the example", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00057-00012015-00012360": "for the gene sima, we can see that there", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00058-00012311-00012839": "are", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00059-00012360-00013063": "many smaller internal coding exons so", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00060-00012839-00013416": "this is a perfect example of when you", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00061-00013063-00013680": "would use the Small Exon Finder.", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00062-00013416-00013863": "One might ask themselves, \"why not just", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00063-00013680-00014136": "use BLAST and narrow the search", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00064-00013863-00014359": "sub-range?\" This is something you could do", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00065-00014136-00014400": "but Small Exon Finder is a very powerful", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00066-00014359-00014719": "tool", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00067-00014400-00014816": "that uses phasing and canonical or", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00068-00014719-00015000": "non-canonical", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00069-00014816-00015144": "donor and acceptor sites in order to", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00070-00015000-00015416": "pinpoint which matches", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00071-00015144-00015616": "are vital or not. Whereas BLAST, only", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00072-00015416-00015823": "gives information on similarity of", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00073-00015616-00016095": "search, likelihood of encountering the", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00074-00015823-00016359": "same sequence and the Open Reading Frame.", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00075-00016095-00016456": "You can use BLAST and Small Exon Finder", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00076-00016359-00016751": "together", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00077-00016456-00016840": "by using one of them to locate the", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00078-00016751-00017048": "potential", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00079-00016840-00017256": "area that you want to look at and then", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00080-00017048-00017592": "using the other tool to verify", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00081-00017256-00017912": "the actual location of your small exon.", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00082-00017592-00018151": "As I was mentioning before,", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00083-00017912-00018336": "there are advantages to using the Small", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00084-00018151-00018664": "Exon Finder but there are also", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00085-00018336-00018904": "disadvantages. Such as, when you", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00086-00018664-00018984": "populate results from the Small Exon", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00087-00018904-00019144": "Finder,", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00088-00018984-00019312": "you might have a result that has the", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00089-00019144-00019351": "correct number of amino acids and", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00090-00019312-00019623": "correct", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00091-00019351-00019872": "phasing, but it has the incorrect amino", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00092-00019623-00020176": "acid sequence. Or", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00093-00019872-00020368": "maybe, it has a similar amino acid", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00094-00020176-00020648": "sequence and correct phasing but there's", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00095-00020368-00020856": "an incorrect number of amino acids", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00096-00020648-00021048": "When you run into these problems you're,", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00097-00020856-00021312": "able to actually use RNA-seq and", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00098-00021048-00021664": "Prediction Tracks to your advantage", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00099-00021312-00021720": "and that information can help you", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00100-00021664-00021951": "consider", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00101-00021720-00022200": "whether or not you found the CDS in", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00102-00021951-00022200": "question.", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00103-00022351-00022776": "So, before we start with our example,", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00104-00022623-00023031": "before you can start finding", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00105-00022776-00023151": "exons, you gotta find the Small Exon", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00106-00023031-00023400": "Finder!", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00107-00023151-00023592": "Pretty much every single project is", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00108-00023400-00023687": "going to use it as long as you're trying", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00109-00023592-00023943": "to annotate", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00110-00023687-00024079": "genes and you run into the problem of a", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00111-00023943-00024359": "small CDS", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00112-00024079-00024536": "but today's example is going to be used", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00113-00024359-00024831": "with the Pathways Project", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00114-00024536-00025104": "so i'm going to click 'Pathways' and", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00115-00024831-00025351": "that'll take us to a lovely Pathways", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00116-00025104-00025464": "page where we have all these resources", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00117-00025351-00025688": "and tools.", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00118-00025464-00025904": "At the bottom we see the 'Small Exon", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00119-00025688-00026191": "Finder' so I'm going to click that", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00120-00025904-00026247": "and I'm brought to a screen where I can", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00121-00026191-00026552": "change", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00122-00026247-00026616": "my 'Coding Exon Type'. I can identify a", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00123-00026552-00026927": "'Start'", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00124-00026616-00027047": "and 'End position'. I can identify the", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00125-00026927-00027352": "'Strand',", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00126-00027047-00027824": "'CDS Size' and with the", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00127-00027352-00028047": "'Coding Exon Type', this bottom part of the", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00128-00027824-00028304": "Small Exon Finder is going to change. So,", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00129-00028047-00028608": "with an initial exon,", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00130-00028304-00028952": "we get 'Donor Site' and 'Donor Phase'. With an", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00131-00028608-00029144": "internal exon, we get 'Donor Site',", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00132-00028952-00029447": "'Acceptor Phase','Donor Phase',", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00133-00029144-00029744": "and with a terminal exon we get", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00134-00029447-00029816": "an 'Acceptor Phase' so all three of those", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00135-00029744-00030168": "will change", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00136-00029816-00030400": "depending on what CDS you're trying to", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00137-00030168-00030400": "find.", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00138-00030424-00030800": "So now that we've talked a little bit", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00139-00030591-00031072": "about the Small Exon Finder,", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00140-00030800-00031263": "or SEF for short, we can go ahead and", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00141-00031072-00031303": "introduce what our example is going to", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00142-00031263-00031600": "be,", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00143-00031303-00031688": "which will be the gene called unc-13 in", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00144-00031600-00032000": "contig12", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00145-00031688-00032256": "of Dosophila mojavensis.", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00146-00032000-00032416": "By the time you've decided to use the", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00147-00032256-00032656": "Small Exon Finder,", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00148-00032416-00032744": "you should have already gained a lot of", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00149-00032656-00033072": "information", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00150-00032744-00033303": "about your gene using the", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00151-00033072-00033503": "Gene Record Finder but for the sake of", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00152-00033303-00033736": "this example, we're going to go ahead and", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00153-00033503-00034032": "do that together.", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00154-00033736-00034184": "So go back to the 'Pathways' page and when", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00155-00034032-00034488": "you're there, there's going to be", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00156-00034184-00034952": "'Gene Record Finder' as a resource", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00157-00034488-00035328": "and you're going to type in unc-13...", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00158-00034952-00035608": "And here we go! What makes this gene", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00159-00035328-00035703": "really good, as far as an example, is if", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00160-00035608-00036000": "you scroll down", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00161-00035703-00036191": "and you check out the first CDS, (1_2126_0) one", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00162-00036000-00036488": "underscore two one two six", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00163-00036191-00036624": "underscore zero, we see that the first", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00164-00036488-00036912": "CDS is actually", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00165-00036624-00037056": "only two amino acids long. If you try to", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00166-00036912-00037280": "do the search in BLAST,", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00167-00037056-00037536": "you'll get a result that says that there", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00168-00037280-00037824": "was 'no sequence similarity found'", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00169-00037536-00037863": "which is another good indicator, in this", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00170-00037824-00038072": "case,", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00171-00037863-00038256": "by the fact that this is only two amino", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00172-00038072-00038575": "acids long AND you're getting that", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00173-00038256-00038816": "as a pop-up, that you want to use a Small", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00174-00038575-00038960": "Exon Finder to figure out where the CDS", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00175-00038816-00039256": "is.", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00176-00038960-00039375": "As I mentioned before, if you are", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00177-00039256-00039528": "annotating a gene,", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00178-00039375-00039712": "you should have already collected", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00179-00039528-00039880": "information on that gene and", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00180-00039712-00040072": "by using BLAST, you would have already", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00181-00039880-00040416": "located where that gene is", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00182-00040072-00040519": "in your target species, but for the sake", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00183-00040416-00040831": "of this example,", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00184-00040519-00041128": "we can just go to the 'GEP UCSC Genome", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00185-00040831-00041128": "Browser Gateway.'", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00186-00041152-00041952": "Click on 'D.mojavensis',", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00187-00041512-00042231": "which is down here", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00188-00041952-00042272": "and we're going to change the Assembly", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00189-00042231-00042672": "to", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00190-00042272-00042928": "'September 2008 (GEP/Dot)' and type in unc-", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00191-00042672-00042928": "13", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00192-00043000-00043408": "and we know it's in contig12", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00193-00043575-00044000": "and here we are, exactly where we need to", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00194-00043816-00044312": "be.", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00195-00044000-00044656": "So what we saw earlier was that", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00196-00044312-00045008": "isoform PG used that first", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00197-00044656-00045240": "CDS and if we zoom in", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00198-00045008-00045240": "here,", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00199-00045319-00045840": "we can tell that some of our prediction", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00200-00045584-00046088": "tracks are predicting a very small", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00201-00045840-00046240": "exon in this area and we also see that", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00202-00046088-00046552": "the Top Hat Junctions", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00203-00046240-00046791": "shows that there should be some type of", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00204-00046552-00046928": "intronic region here that would have", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00205-00046791-00047312": "connected", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00206-00046928-00047519": "this CDS to the first CDS.", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00207-00047312-00047719": "So now is a good time to start gathering", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00208-00047519-00047919": "the information you need in order to use", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00209-00047719-00048191": "the Small Exon Finder.", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00210-00047919-00048319": "As I mentioned before, the Prediction", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00211-00048191-00048752": "Tracks and the Top", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00212-00048319-00049040": "Hat Junctions also give way to", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00213-00048752-00049072": "the idea that the first CDS is going to", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00214-00049040-00049391": "be", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00215-00049072-00049503": "in that section. We can also use RNA-seq", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00216-00049391-00049775": "to our advantage", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00217-00049503-00049808": "to see that yes it's probably going to", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00218-00049775-00050056": "be", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00219-00049808-00050159": "in this area as well. So the next thing", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00220-00050056-00050552": "we need to do is", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00221-00050159-00050880": "set up boundaries for our search area", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00222-00050552-00050944": "and I'm going to intuitively pick the", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00223-00050880-00051255": "beginning", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00224-00050944-00051664": "of the adjacent gene", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00225-00051255-00052183": "and the beginning of where it looks like", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00226-00051664-00052512": "the second exon starts for unc-13.", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00227-00052183-00052824": "Before I can actually establish the", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00228-00052512-00053008": "left-handed side for our 'Start Position',", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00229-00052824-00053136": "I need to know the phasing for the", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00230-00053008-00053383": "acceptor site", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00231-00053136-00053567": "for exon two so I know what the donor", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00232-00053383-00053900": "site phasing should be for", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00233-00053567-00054191": "exon 1. We know that", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00234-00053900-00054327": "unc-13 is on the bottom strand so we're", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00235-00054191-00054683": "going to go ahead and flip", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00236-00054327-00055048": "those bases and when I look into this", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00237-00054683-00055320": "area, I know that", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00238-00055048-00055591": "the exon starts at (21,915) twenty one", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00239-00055320-00055944": "thousand nine fifteen.", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00240-00055591-00056232": "Now, a previous BLAST search showed that", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00241-00055944-00056416": "this exon was on open reading frame", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00242-00056232-00056839": "-1.", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00243-00056416-00057144": "So, if I zoom in closer,", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00244-00056839-00057416": "I can see that the phasing for this exon", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00245-00057144-00057520": "is actually phase 0, which means the", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00246-00057416-00057944": "donor site", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00247-00057520-00058320": "for exon 1 has to be phase 0 as well.", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00248-00057944-00058695": "We're going to go ahead and use 21,915", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00249-00058320-00058695": "as the 'Start Position'", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00250-00058783-00059488": "and we know that the strand is minus,", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00251-00059112-00059727": "the CDS size is going to be", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00252-00059488-00059879": "2, we are going to go ahead and leave", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00253-00059727-00060183": "the donor site alone", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00254-00059879-00060320": "and let the donor phase be 0. Now, all", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00255-00060183-00060679": "we have to do is find", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00256-00060320-00060904": "an 'End Position' for our search.", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00257-00060679-00061127": "So, looking for an 'End Position' we're", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00258-00060904-00061479": "just going to zoom out and find the", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00259-00061127-00061727": "adjacent gene. Your end position", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00260-00061479-00061872": "also does not have to be exactly where", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00261-00061727-00062216": "that adjacent gene", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00262-00061872-00062495": "is. If you have", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00263-00062216-00062536": "enough confidence and evidence to show", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00264-00062495-00062824": "that", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00265-00062536-00063079": "it could be prior to the adjacent gene,", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00266-00062824-00063655": "then go ahead and use that.", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00267-00063079-00063655": "I'm just going to use the number 23,720.", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00268-00063888-00064200": "So we have that there and the last thing", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00269-00064120-00064767": "I need to do", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00270-00064200-00065032": "is just to upload my sequence file", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00271-00064767-00065191": "which is contig12 and I have that in a", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00272-00065032-00065560": "text document", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00273-00065191-00065976": "and now i'm ready to find my results.", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00274-00065560-00066320": "Okay and what do you know we", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00275-00065976-00066464": "actually have one that is MT just as", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00276-00066320-00066792": "we were hoping to find", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00277-00066464-00067088": "so let's go ahead and see if these", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00278-00066792-00067327": "coordinates agree with what the browser", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00279-00067088-00067327": "says.", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00280-00067368-00068176": "So I'm going to enter in 'Contig12',", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00281-00067712-00068495": "paste that in and add my hyphen", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00282-00068176-00068495": "and let's see what happens.", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00283-00068544-00069248": "And look, it actually put us", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00284-00068848-00069544": "exactly where the RNA-seq", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00285-00069248-00069776": "and the Predictions Track lined up for", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00286-00069544-00070072": "that little area.", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00287-00069776-00070304": "When trying to use the Small Exon Finder,", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00288-00070072-00070527": "it's always good practice to confirm", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00289-00070304-00070704": "these locations with BLAST or to just", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00290-00070527-00070968": "use BLAST in general", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00291-00070704-00071256": "to your advantage so that way you can be", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00292-00070968-00071527": "more confident in what your answer is.", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00293-00071256-00071616": "But, that pretty much brings this example", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00294-00071527-00071856": "to a close.", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00295-00071616-00071944": "Thank you so much for joining me today", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00296-00071856-00072456": "and have", "j5X6FJNCdtc-00297-00071944-00072456": "a wonderful time annotating genes!"}}, {"audio_id": "j6dNATmz1YU", "text": {"j6dNATmz1YU-00000-00000012-00000212": "(dramatic music)", "j6dNATmz1YU-00001-00000212-00000361": "- [Female] This is our second family weekend.", "j6dNATmz1YU-00002-00000361-00000556": "Our son Garrett's a freshman,", "j6dNATmz1YU-00003-00000556-00000714": "so it's our first time with him.", "j6dNATmz1YU-00004-00000714-00000954": "- Our nephew goes here, and we just came out here", "j6dNATmz1YU-00005-00000954-00001177": "to celebrate and enjoy the game", "j6dNATmz1YU-00006-00001177-00001393": "and enjoy all the festivities.", "j6dNATmz1YU-00007-00001393-00001626": "- It's a great way for all of us to get involved", "j6dNATmz1YU-00008-00001626-00001887": "and kind of experience what our son has been experiencing", "j6dNATmz1YU-00009-00001887-00002046": "for the last six weeks.", "j6dNATmz1YU-00010-00002046-00002293": "- We are so impressed with how we've been treated", "j6dNATmz1YU-00011-00002293-00002602": "and the red carpet being rolled out for all of us.", "j6dNATmz1YU-00012-00002602-00002720": "We just love it.", "j6dNATmz1YU-00013-00002720-00002867": "- [Announcer] Good morning everybody!", "j6dNATmz1YU-00014-00002867-00003084": "Welcome to Bryant Denny Stadium.", "j6dNATmz1YU-00015-00003084-00003276": "It's the Alabama Crimson Tide", "j6dNATmz1YU-00016-00003276-00003628": "and the Ragin' Cajuns of the University of Louisiana.", "j6dNATmz1YU-00017-00003628-00003913": "- [Reporter] Kick is blocked by Alabama.", "j6dNATmz1YU-00018-00003913-00004116": "An easy touchdown, Henry Ruggs", "j6dNATmz1YU-00019-00004116-00004415": "and Tua laid it in beautifully.", "j6dNATmz1YU-00020-00004415-00004675": "Waddle to the 25, cuts inside to the 20.", "j6dNATmz1YU-00021-00004675-00004977": "He'll outrace the defense to the back of the near side.", "j6dNATmz1YU-00022-00004977-00005372": "All the way in, touchdown 62 yards!", "j6dNATmz1YU-00023-00005372-00005533": "This one in the books.", "j6dNATmz1YU-00024-00005533-00005780": "The Crimson Tide 56.", "j6dNATmz1YU-00025-00005780-00005995": "The Ragin' Cajuns 14."}}, {"audio_id": "j62xsecKCx8", "text": {"j62xsecKCx8-00000-00000516-00001016": "DURING A RECENT INTERVIEW, CNO DISCUSSED THE IMPORTANCE OF TEAMWORK AND TRUSTING YOUR SHIPMATES", "j62xsecKCx8-00001-00001016-00001276": "TO HELP ELIMINATE SEXUAL ASSAULT IN OUR NAVY.", "j62xsecKCx8-00002-00001276-00001805": "\"I THINK YOU CAN INCREASE THE TRUST OF YOUR SHIPMATES BY FIRST OF ALL RESPECTING YOURSELF", "j62xsecKCx8-00003-00001805-00002063": "AND RESPECT OTHERS AND DEMANDING THAT.", "j62xsecKCx8-00004-00002063-00002631": "GET OVER THE STIGMA THAT SEXUAL ASSAULT IS SOMETHING THAT HAPPENS TO SOMEBODY ELSE AND", "j62xsecKCx8-00005-00002631-00002899": "IT IS SOMETHING LIKE A DISEASE OR SOMETHING.", "j62xsecKCx8-00006-00002899-00002999": "THAT'S NOT THE CASE.", "j62xsecKCx8-00007-00002999-00003243": "THIS IS REAL AND IT IS HAPPENING IN THE FLEET.", "j62xsecKCx8-00008-00003243-00003343": "SO WE NEED TO INTERVENE.", "j62xsecKCx8-00009-00003343-00003968": "WE NEED TO HAVE THE COURAGE TO STAND UP AND SAY ENOUGH OF THIS AND GET RID OF SEXUAL HARRASSMENT.", "j62xsecKCx8-00010-00003968-00004307": "IT'S AN UNDERLYING AND CONTRIBUTING FACTOR.\"", "j62xsecKCx8-00011-00004307-00004748": "FOR MORE INFORMATION ABOUT SEXUAL ASSAULT PREVENTION AND RESPONSE, VISIT THE NAVY'S", "j62xsecKCx8-00012-00004748-00004926": "SAPR PROGRAM WEBSITE.", "j62xsecKCx8-00013-00004926-00005264": "FROM THE DEFENSE MEDIA ACTIVITY, I'M PETTY OFFICER TYRELL MORRIS."}}, {"audio_id": "j6jxU6oxRpI", "text": {"j6jxU6oxRpI-00000-00000100-00000300": "Auto!", "j6jxU6oxRpI-00001-00000300-00002336": "Where to?", "j6jxU6oxRpI-00002-00002390-00002590": "Town. Kairali Sree", "j6jxU6oxRpI-00003-00002637-00002711": "We are not the ones", "j6jxU6oxRpI-00004-00002805-00002902": "Where is the driver?", "j6jxU6oxRpI-00005-00002954-00003037": "Went somewhere", "j6jxU6oxRpI-00006-00003183-00003327": "Could you call?", "j6jxU6oxRpI-00007-00003327-00003527": "It's kind of urgent", "j6jxU6oxRpI-00008-00003844-00003894": "No?", "j6jxU6oxRpI-00009-00003894-00004094": "Went there", "j6jxU6oxRpI-00010-00004094-00004248": "How long will they take to be back?", "j6jxU6oxRpI-00011-00004248-00004389": "Don't know", "j6jxU6oxRpI-00012-00004933-00005104": "Kairali Sree", "j6jxU6oxRpI-00013-00005599-00005692": "Kairali?", "j6jxU6oxRpI-00014-00005692-00005859": "Kairali Sree - the theatre", "j6jxU6oxRpI-00015-00005859-00006009": "Theatre? Kairali?", "j6jxU6oxRpI-00016-00006009-00006094": "Go straight", "j6jxU6oxRpI-00017-00006094-00006209": "I know that. Will you take me?", "j6jxU6oxRpI-00018-00006209-00006259": "No, I am on another ride", "j6jxU6oxRpI-00019-00006259-00006347": "Okay"}}, {"audio_id": "j6zNFwOaEv4", "text": {"j6zNFwOaEv4-00000-00000000-00000489": "What you see there has been planted about 2 years ago at Finca Yantza in Zamora-Chinchipe, Ecuador.", "j6zNFwOaEv4-00001-00000489-00001000": "Before it was a depleted pasture steep hill area.", "j6zNFwOaEv4-00002-00001407-00001859": "Guadua angustifolia mansa (not thorny guadua type)", "j6zNFwOaEv4-00003-00002148-00002768": "This bamboo is endemic to south america and specifically to the region of Ecuador.", "j6zNFwOaEv4-00004-00002768-00003454": "Thats why its sometimes also called \"Caña de Guayaquil\" because its from the region of the city of Guayaquil.", "j6zNFwOaEv4-00005-00003803-00004305": "This one has very small thorns.", "j6zNFwOaEv4-00006-00004493-00004693": "The other bamboo which has huge / long thorns is called Guadua angustifolia brava.", "j6zNFwOaEv4-00007-00005699-00005869": "Its locally mainly used for construction purpose.", "j6zNFwOaEv4-00008-00006305-00006492": "There are so many other uses for this bamboo.", "j6zNFwOaEv4-00009-00006492-00007164": "Thinking from a holistic point of view.", "j6zNFwOaEv4-00010-00007600-00008146": "Those bamboo mats, are about 2 years old.", "j6zNFwOaEv4-00011-00008766-00009171": "The soil as you might know is red clay. Ultisol - red clay with high mineral content.", "j6zNFwOaEv4-00012-00009171-00010394": "Which is not really special or great soil but this is what we have here.", "j6zNFwOaEv4-00013-00010394-00011302": "Red clay soil.", "j6zNFwOaEv4-00014-00011302-00011657": "The bamboo is thriving as you can see.", "j6zNFwOaEv4-00015-00011657-00012897": "The soil too.  We are creating new soil. Soil cover.", "j6zNFwOaEv4-00016-00012897-00013978": "Slowly we are getting new top soil thanks to the guadua bamboo."}}, {"audio_id": "j6A6R64Su9u", "text": {"j6A6R64Su9u-00000-00001713-00002184": "At Beenleigh Special School, staff believe that communication for every learner is a", "j6A6R64Su9u-00001-00002184-00002409": "right not a choice.", "j6A6R64Su9u-00002-00002409-00002974": "The school ensures every student can communicate to show their skills, knowledge and understanding", "j6A6R64Su9u-00003-00002976-00003306": "of the Australian Curriculum key learning areas.", "j6A6R64Su9u-00004-00003354-00004014": "To achieve this, the school has embedded differentiation strategies by using augmentative and alternative", "j6A6R64Su9u-00005-00004014-00004390": "communication tools—or AAC for short.", "j6A6R64Su9u-00006-00004390-00005168": "Five years into this project, Beenleigh Special School is well-known for using AAC as a differentiation tool.", "j6A6R64Su9u-00007-00005168-00005710": "This successful strategy is boosting staff capability, student academic achievement and", "j6A6R64Su9u-00008-00005710-00006056": "the personal and social capability of every learner."}}, {"audio_id": "j6JaF5O530g", "text": {"j6JaF5O530g-00000-00000000-00000446": "Recently, there has been a big change in mom otter latte.", "j6JaF5O530g-00001-00000599-00000787": "Bulging", "j6JaF5O530g-00002-00000813-00001000": "Huge belly", "j6JaF5O530g-00003-00001135-00001324": "Prominent nipples", "j6JaF5O530g-00004-00001324-00001557": "Judging from all the signs,", "j6JaF5O530g-00005-00001557-00002000": "Latte seems to be pregnant with a second baby.", "j6JaF5O530g-00006-00002148-00002838": "Today, let's see how the pregnant latte spends her day!", "j6JaF5O530g-00007-00002965-00003397": "The start of the day begins with a weight measurement.", "j6JaF5O530g-00008-00003397-00003872": "We predict the due date through her weight change.", "j6JaF5O530g-00009-00004375-00004600": "Dolce, why are you going up there?LOL", "j6JaF5O530g-00010-00004600-00004858": "←Latte", "j6JaF5O530g-00011-00005370-00005691": "Finally, Latte is on the scale.", "j6JaF5O530g-00012-00005691-00006144": "Indeed, how much does she weigh?", "j6JaF5O530g-00013-00006542-00007074": "She gained 800 grams from her usual weight!", "j6JaF5O530g-00014-00007485-00007702": "It's a high-energy food for Latte", "j6JaF5O530g-00015-00007702-00007868": "Salmon                                            Abalone", "j6JaF5O530g-00016-00007868-00008227": "I cut it into small pieces for her smooth digestion.", "j6JaF5O530g-00017-00008951-00009319": "Gourmet latte checks the food with its hands first.", "j6JaF5O530g-00018-00009704-00010162": "She loves salmon to the point of tears.", "j6JaF5O530g-00019-00010647-00011048": "Dolce eats abalone first.", "j6JaF5O530g-00020-00011175-00011590": "Dolce and Latte eat side by side.", "j6JaF5O530g-00021-00011840-00012241": "Mocha eats it well, too!", "j6JaF5O530g-00022-00012880-00013294": "Latte: I've had enough of salmon", "j6JaF5O530g-00023-00013819-00014242": "Thank you Latte for eating abalone evenly.", "j6JaF5O530g-00024-00014666-00014943": "Now that they're full, let's take a nap!", "j6JaF5O530g-00025-00014943-00015200": "Dolce : Honey, sleep tight", "j6JaF5O530g-00026-00015200-00015622": "Dolce, a friendly husband, grooms Latte's hair.", "j6JaF5O530g-00027-00016335-00016775": "Mocha also enjoys a sweet nap.", "j6JaF5O530g-00028-00016900-00017300": "Chubby grape jelly", "j6JaF5O530g-00029-00017300-00017746": "Dad Dolce sleeps last.", "j6JaF5O530g-00030-00018655-00018923": "Mom otter Latte", "j6JaF5O530g-00031-00019100-00019340": "And Daughter Mocha", "j6JaF5O530g-00032-00019733-00020000": "And dad otter dolce...", "j6JaF5O530g-00033-00020060-00020521": "They are all doing well and healthy."}}, {"audio_id": "j75lGCHA5nI", "text": {"j75lGCHA5nI-00000-00000300-00000597": "It's a sound car we need to wait", "j75lGCHA5nI-00001-00000738-00001101": "In this video I will share How to prepare to AWS Cloud Practitioner", "j75lGCHA5nI-00002-00003003-00003203": "Welcome my name is Mario Ponciano", "j75lGCHA5nI-00003-00003203-00003360": "I'm a Software Developer", "j75lGCHA5nI-00004-00003360-00003500": "and in love with Technology", "j75lGCHA5nI-00005-00003500-00003713": "I've worked in many projects", "j75lGCHA5nI-00006-00003713-00003900": "but today our conversation is", "j75lGCHA5nI-00007-00003900-00004467": "How to prepare for AWS Cloud Practitioner", "j75lGCHA5nI-00008-00004471-00004604": "I'm leaving all the links on description", "j75lGCHA5nI-00009-00004604-00004998": "If you have any questions feel free to leave your comment", "j75lGCHA5nI-00010-00005101-00005201": "Well", "j75lGCHA5nI-00011-00005325-00005585": "Learn Cloud is fundamental", "j75lGCHA5nI-00012-00005629-00005892": "All systems are converging to this", "j75lGCHA5nI-00013-00005959-00006102": "this has even been a long time", "j75lGCHA5nI-00014-00006289-00006643": "and the interesting thing about learning AWS", "j75lGCHA5nI-00015-00006643-00006873": "You will still maintain employability", "j75lGCHA5nI-00016-00006917-00007200": "because companies are looking for this", "j75lGCHA5nI-00017-00007250-00007547": "and will still acquire new knowledge", "j75lGCHA5nI-00018-00007547-00008001": "The AWS Cloud Practitioner is an excellent way to start", "j75lGCHA5nI-00019-00008034-00008518": "because it will give you the foundation for entering in the Cloud's world", "j75lGCHA5nI-00020-00008518-00008915": "So, if you don't know anything about the services and architecture", "j75lGCHA5nI-00021-00008915-00009269": "The AWS certification will be the excellent begging for you.", "j75lGCHA5nI-00022-00009302-00009970": "If  you are planning to get certified of architect or developer, you are making the right choice to start here", "j75lGCHA5nI-00023-00009970-00010624": "because if certified on the Cloud Practitioner,   you will have 50% discount on the next certification", "j75lGCHA5nI-00024-00010784-00011501": "this certification cost 100USD and when we make the dollar conversion it's a little bit high in Brazil", "j75lGCHA5nI-00025-00011701-00016586": "So, 50% discount next time then in addition to having knowledge, there is also a cost benefit in it", "j75lGCHA5nI-00026-00012402-00012802": "how I prepared myself for the certification? Well I will break down in 3-steps", "j75lGCHA5nI-00027-00012802-00013528": "first Touchpoint, second Study Material and third practice exams", "j75lGCHA5nI-00028-00013528-00013776": "What is the touchpoint in this context?", "j75lGCHA5nI-00029-00013776-00014901": "the Touchpoint, I agreed with a friend that he was also seeking the certification of at least once a week 15 minutes discuss a little bit about the certification", "j75lGCHA5nI-00030-00014901-00015348": "know if you have any questions, understand where you are standing", "j75lGCHA5nI-00031-00015348-00016029": "you know, having that person who gives encouragement, I am this kind of person, who likes to talk, and in my case this was excellent.", "j75lGCHA5nI-00032-00016029-00016469": "Because every week, I had someone to see what I had done", "j75lGCHA5nI-00033-00016486-00016683": "This was good", "j75lGCHA5nI-00034-00016683-00017280": "This way you can align the knowledge and expectations and where you are stuck", "j75lGCHA5nI-00035-00017357-00017484": "The second", "j75lGCHA5nI-00036-00017484-00017701": "It is the STUDY MATERIAL", "j75lGCHA5nI-00037-00017701-00017948": "I am a visual learner", "j75lGCHA5nI-00038-00017948-00018431": "I learn so much  through seeing things like videos and pictures", "j75lGCHA5nI-00039-00018431-00018835": "So, I found two excellent courses on *UDEMY*", "j75lGCHA5nI-00040-00018838-00019202": "Amazon has official courses, but I search in the udemy.com", "j75lGCHA5nI-00041-00019202-00019426": "and I found two excellent courses", "j75lGCHA5nI-00042-00019426-00019609": "The first was the Stephane Maarek", "j75lGCHA5nI-00043-00019609-00019980": "The second was the Neal Davis", "j75lGCHA5nI-00044-00020003-00020210": "Okay, what the difference between them?", "j75lGCHA5nI-00045-00020277-00020910": "Well, In my case, I got the Stephane Mareek course to prepare for the certification", "j75lGCHA5nI-00046-00020924-00021101": "and Neal Davis course to review points", "j75lGCHA5nI-00047-00021101-00021701": "Stephane Mareek get the hands dirty, you know,  makes a hands-on course", "j75lGCHA5nI-00048-00021701-00022098": "So, if don't know CLOUD, this is excellent and the best  way to learn", "j75lGCHA5nI-00049-00022098-00022562": "because you will be able to configure and prepare a service", "j75lGCHA5nI-00050-00022562-00023159": "and he says, look this service you can buy, and he shows up how to use,  if you won't to buy..", "j75lGCHA5nI-00051-00023159-00023530": "Well, I liked the training and the resource delivered by him", "j75lGCHA5nI-00052-00023530-00024010": "As, I didn't have AWS experience before, his training helped me visualize how AWS works", "j75lGCHA5nI-00053-00024057-00024691": "I am sharing a quickly video how is his course on the UDEMY", "j75lGCHA5nI-00054-00027190-00027203": "Going back", "j75lGCHA5nI-00055-00027203-00027500": "The second was the Neal Davis", "j75lGCHA5nI-00056-00027500-00028198": "Neal Davis  I guess the course structure is more close to Architecture", "j75lGCHA5nI-00057-00028201-00028875": "As he has more diagrams and it's good to remember during the certification exam", "j75lGCHA5nI-00058-00028875-00029472": "Sometimes you see questions like \"How to use Cloud Trail in a specific scenario?\"", "j75lGCHA5nI-00059-00029472-00029702": "So, if you remember the diagram, it will help you", "j75lGCHA5nI-00060-00029706-00030020": "The diagram in my case was very good", "j75lGCHA5nI-00061-00030023-00030507": "In my case, I took the diagrams during the review to remember a few points", "j75lGCHA5nI-00062-00032002-00032202": "Practice Exams", "j75lGCHA5nI-00063-00032202-00032569": "The practice exams is your thermometer", "j75lGCHA5nI-00064-00032582-00033119": "If you want to know your kownledge and  progress for the exam, the practice exam is excellent for that", "j75lGCHA5nI-00065-00033196-00033810": "when you have reached an average 80% on the simulated score", "j75lGCHA5nI-00066-00033867-00034207": "you can schedule a test,  you will pass", "j75lGCHA5nI-00067-00034257-00034524": "well, based on  my experience, I was able to pass on that", "j75lGCHA5nI-00068-00034524-00035011": "when I got the average of 80%,  I scheduled  the test and passed", "j75lGCHA5nI-00069-00035058-00035335": "Well,  the practice exams", "j75lGCHA5nI-00070-00035368-00036082": "The Stephane Mareek and Neal Davis, both, have practice exams on Udemy Platform, that you can take", "j75lGCHA5nI-00071-00036082-00036760": "there are 6 exams that simulate the exam,  you can see test timer and it's very interesting", "j75lGCHA5nI-00072-00036760-00037310": "each exam has 65 questions as well as the test exam", "j75lGCHA5nI-00073-00037360-00037814": "So, I took the practice exam, If I wasn't very well", "j75lGCHA5nI-00074-00037831-00038051": "I need to learn one a  little more about VPC", "j75lGCHA5nI-00075-00038051-00038555": "So,  I would go there in the review and looked Neal Davis or Stephane Maarek", "j75lGCHA5nI-00076-00038555-00038705": "and that helped me a lot.", "j75lGCHA5nI-00077-00038752-00039469": "to be honest I did around 1250 practice exam questions, I did a lot of them", "j75lGCHA5nI-00078-00039476-00040500": "to fell prepared, as I had just a around a month for the test, so, the practice exams helped me a lot", "j75lGCHA5nI-00079-00040500-00041031": "so to summarize these were the three points that I used to prepare", "j75lGCHA5nI-00080-00041101-00041401": "Touchpoint, call with a friend around 15 minutes", "j75lGCHA5nI-00081-00041401-00041761": "Study Material (Video's courses) on Udemy", "j75lGCHA5nI-00082-00041835-00042068": "and Practice Exams", "j75lGCHA5nI-00083-00042068-00042225": "were these 3 points", "j75lGCHA5nI-00084-00042225-00042902": "I hope it helps you and that you like the video, if you have any questions feel free to leave your comment", "j75lGCHA5nI-00085-00042969-00043683": "if you have another process to prepare for the certification or found different course, please leave your comment", "j75lGCHA5nI-00086-00043683-00044240": "It will help me in my next certification and also you can help others", "j75lGCHA5nI-00087-00044244-00044801": "Appreciate your attention, Thank you, see you in the next video"}}, {"audio_id": "j7rKQ9x8Gay", "text": {"j7rKQ9x8Gay-00000-00000003-00000357": "hey everybody I find myself getting bullied in comments and I know I've", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00001-00000357-00000783": "opened myself to a whole nother group of people and that's fine and I'm an adult", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00002-00000783-00001134": "and like if I have to block you that's what I'm gonna do because I don't have", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00003-00001134-00001512": "to allow you to hang out in my pool like most of my viewers you know like", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00004-00001512-00001880": "bullying or shit-talking or like harassing people it's never going", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00005-00001880-00002294": "anywhere in the community and I'll just block you everywhere as many different", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00006-00002294-00003230": "you know profiles as you can create who is a youtuber here on the platform just", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00007-00003230-00003702": "did her video the dark side of Jake Paul with Shane Dawson and she's been getting", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00008-00003702-00005264": "a few things to say so make sure that you stay tuned what is up everybody this", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00009-00005264-00005721": "is Chris from the rewired soul where we talk about the problem but focus on the", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00010-00005721-00006046": "solution and if you're new to my channel my channel is all about mental health", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00011-00006046-00006419": "sometimes I take things from the YouTube community or just pop culture in general", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00012-00006419-00006806": "your try to teach you how to improve your mental health but also a mental", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00013-00006806-00007245": "health advocate so I try to decrease the stigma increase awareness and all that", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00014-00007245-00007563": "kind of stuff so if it needs that make sure you subscribe and ring that", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00015-00007563-00008054": "notification bell because I make a ton of videos so let's break it down real", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00016-00008054-00008375": "quick for those of you who are in a cave and you don't know what's going on with", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00017-00008375-00008739": "the scene Dawson series about Jay Paul basically Shane Dawson is doing a series", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00018-00008739-00009192": "about Jay Paul she believes that Jake might be a sociopath in his first", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00019-00009192-00009665": "episode he talked with commentary youtuber by the name of I'm Albert in", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00020-00009665-00010077": "this second episode we talked with Kati Morton who has almost a half a million", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00021-00010077-00010452": "subscribers she's a licensed Marriage and Family Therapist if you watch the", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00022-00010452-00010821": "videos on link up in the info card I sang her praises she's a very smart", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00023-00010821-00011271": "well-educated woman and like she she knows her stuff when it comes to mental", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00024-00011271-00011607": "health and therapy and things like that so that's one of the reason she's so", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00025-00011607-00012302": "popular on the platform now in the video she she talks about sociopaths in a not", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00026-00012302-00012786": "so kind way and basically I was just going through in", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00027-00012786-00013238": "Serbia today I follow Katie on Instagram and I saw her story and I'm like god I", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00028-00013238-00013619": "need to talk about this so what I'm gonna do I'm gonna play you a majority", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00029-00013619-00014028": "of her Instagram story no comeback no more breaking apart okay hey everybody I", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00030-00014028-00014358": "had a video alive today and I want to talk a little bit about it because I've", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00031-00014358-00014727": "gotten a few comments not a ton but just a few comments that I think it's kind of", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00032-00014727-00015213": "important to address your concerns now those comments that I received were", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00033-00015213-00015555": "people saying that they were like disappointed that I would say that", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00034-00015555-00015972": "people that sociopaths or people with antisocial personality disorder can't be", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00035-00015972-00016319": "fixed and that's not really what I'm saying what I'm saying is they don't", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00036-00016319-00016713": "care to be and that's because if you listen to a whole video you have to", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00037-00016713-00017106": "understand that people who are sociopaths don't feel bad about", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00038-00017106-00017541": "themselves they don't want to get better and so it's not really that we're saying", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00039-00017541-00017832": "they're unfixable and they're terrible and bull you should stay away from them", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00040-00017832-00018144": "it's just like they don't really feel bad and for those of us who are not", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00041-00018144-00018618": "sociopaths that's really hard for us to understand because we feel bad about it", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00042-00018618-00018981": "but just keep in mind that they don't and I know that that's kind of difficult", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00043-00018981-00019317": "to understand but I don't know all um you can swipe up here to watch the video", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00044-00019317-00019662": "and listen but I'd love to hear your thoughts and also a lot of people are", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00045-00019662-00019998": "talking about sociopaths and Psychopaths mean different words one's born with it", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00046-00019998-00020373": "one's created and I know that there's a lot of information online that supports", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00047-00020373-00020691": "that but diagnostically speaking from a clinician standpoint there is no", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00048-00020691-00021153": "difference and that's just all I have to say about but as always you have every", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00049-00021153-00021504": "right to have your own opinion my opinion is not the one and only thing", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00050-00021504-00021840": "that is important that's why I love to have conversations with you in the", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00051-00021840-00022209": "comments but I hope you found today's video interesting I did a ton of", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00052-00022209-00022581": "research I read a bunch of books about this topic so I hope you like it hey", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00053-00022581-00022923": "everybody I find myself getting bullied in comments and I know I've opened", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00054-00022923-00023343": "myself to a whole nother group of people and that's fine and I'm an adult and", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00055-00023343-00023685": "like if I have to block you that's what I'm gonna do because I don't have to", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00056-00023685-00024147": "allow you to hang out in my pool because this is my pool but just to address the", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00057-00024147-00024633": "people that are like how dare you talk about sociopaths as they are and like", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00058-00024633-00024978": "dehumanize them I'm not dehumanizing them what I'm doing is telling people", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00059-00024978-00025392": "what to look out for because if you haven't recognized this sociopaths", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00060-00025392-00025860": "sociopathy you're antisocial or antisocial personality disorder", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00061-00025860-00026287": "they don't have empathy for other people and often utilize other people to", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00062-00026287-00026818": "further their own gain which can be really hurtful to a lot of us and that", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00063-00026818-00027225": "means that if there's only four percent of the population four percent of", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00064-00027225-00027643": "population otherwise known as one and twenty five people have this I don't", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00065-00027643-00028111": "want any of us to fall victim to their manipulation and sure those people that", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00066-00028111-00028375": "can make them sound like they're bad people but if you're using people for", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00067-00028375-00028752": "your own gain and not in a thoughtful manner and if you're not helping people", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00068-00028752-00029058": "in a loving manner that I'm sorry but I'm gonna protect the ninety six percent", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00069-00029058-00029500": "of people who might be negatively affected and if you are the four percent", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00070-00029500-00029853": "then you should get help but we know statistically speaking that those with", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00071-00029853-00030291": "antisocial personality disorder don't get help and when they do get help they", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00072-00030291-00030543": "actually use the information that it would gain from a therapist such as", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00073-00030543-00031036": "myself as a way to hurt others and this isn't meant to stigmatize other mental", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00074-00031036-00031338": "illnesses you guys know me I've been putting out videos forever about all", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00075-00031338-00031803": "sorts of mental illnesses and so if you feel upset or hurt by that that actually", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00076-00031803-00032319": "means you're not a sociopath and just know that we need to be more aware we", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00077-00032319-00032634": "need to talk about it more nobody talks about it that's really the whole goal of", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00078-00032634-00033150": "the video is just to educate and let you know that's it just know that like most", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00079-00033150-00033597": "of my viewers you know like bullying or shit-talking or like harassing people is", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00080-00033597-00033912": "never going anywhere in the community and I'll just block you everywhere", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00081-00033912-00034408": "as many different you know profiles you can create because that's just not nice", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00082-00034408-00034927": "and I think overall I'm just upset that people would think that I would want to", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00083-00034927-00035308": "stigmatize mental illness more that just shows you don't know me and I think", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00084-00035308-00035800": "that's sad to me and disappointing because I have like a thousand videos to", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00085-00035800-00036174": "prove the opposite thing", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00086-00037788-00043724": "because I definitely understand while I was watching the video you know it's so", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00087-00043724-00044807": "difficult yesterday about me to", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00088-00046724-00047613": "everybody all right understand here's the thing on the same day so yesterday", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00089-00047613-00048435": "Kati Morton posted a video on her channel is his sociopath doctor Kent", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00090-00048435-00048795": "Kiehl published a book in 2014 of his findings from doing research on male", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00091-00048795-00049227": "inmates and I know yes it's just males and yes these are only people in prisons", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00092-00049227-00049677": "now he was able to compare the brains using structural MRI data of inmates who", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00093-00049677-00050139": "had scored high on hair psychopathy checklist meaning that they were already", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00094-00050139-00050505": "Psychopaths that's what that checklist tells us and he compared those brains", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00095-00050505-00050748": "with those who did not score high on that", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00096-00050748-00051326": "checklist so they're not a sociopath what they found was astounding", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00097-00051326-00051888": "sociopaths showed reduced gray matter in the orbital frontal cortex amygdala", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00098-00051888-00052560": "hippocampus insula temporal lobe and the int anterior and the posterior cingulate", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00099-00052560-00053504": "meaning that the entire paralimbic circuitry was impaired rewired soulless", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00100-00053504-00053922": "because I talked about how science has proven neuroplasticity on how it can", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00101-00053922-00054375": "rewire our brain so Katie through her extensive research she learned that", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00102-00054375-00055067": "sociopaths actually have different brain chemistry than the average person so", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00103-00055067-00055419": "like when you look at that when you look at that I look at it in the realm of", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00104-00055419-00055904": "mental illness like this person's brain is not functioning properly right with", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00105-00055904-00056271": "these different parts of the brain interacting with each other and how", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00106-00056271-00056682": "there's decreased grey matter grey matter like they're not experiencing", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00107-00056682-00057171": "empathy in the same way that somebody should right so what I would say what I", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00108-00057171-00057507": "would argue is that we need to do more researchers to see how we could fix that", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00109-00057507-00057879": "you know because I don't like the idea like every one of these people you know", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00110-00057879-00058203": "obviously every human being has a mother and a father right a lot of them have", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00111-00058203-00058541": "brothers sisters you know and stuff like that so even criminals like I'm of the", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00112-00058541-00058812": "belief that criminals should be rehabilitated but if people are", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00113-00058812-00059337": "biologically different where their brain cannot empathize or how the conscience", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00114-00059337-00059705": "you know the good and bad and stuff like that like I think we need to fund some", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00115-00059705-00059949": "research to figure out how do we fix that", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00116-00059949-00060408": "you know lock it away forever and then they're separated from the families and", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00117-00060408-00060755": "all that kind of stuff so again when I can see where some of some of the people", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00118-00060755-00061113": "were kind of offended or disagree was she said like I'm the drug addict an", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00119-00061113-00061599": "alcoholic in recovery okay watching her video with shame about", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00120-00061599-00062192": "yo paths like so many addicts so many people in active addiction have", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00121-00062192-00062724": "sociopaths sociopathic tendencies right like everything I did was to get I would", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00122-00062724-00063258": "manipulate Allah I would cheat steal I not only did it to get and use drugs or", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00123-00063258-00063699": "get and drink alcohol I also did it you know to women I did it to friends and", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00124-00063699-00064095": "family otherwise I would say exactly what they needed to hear so I could get", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00125-00064095-00064602": "what I wanted right but I am six years clean and sober if you ask anybody who", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00126-00064602-00065180": "knows me I am rehabilitated so like I don't believe that people are lost", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00127-00065180-00065583": "causes when it comes to the sociopaths though it's difficult because we know", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00128-00065583-00065877": "their brains are different and I don't know if science has gotten there but I", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00129-00065877-00066618": "don't think anybody's lost cause okay now now the pro Katie Borden side I get", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00130-00066618-00067251": "it I get what she's saying okay for those of you who don't know I I'll link", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00131-00067251-00067650": "down in the description below shameless plug I wrote a book called", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00132-00067650-00068106": "caught in the crossfire a book for anybody who's been affected by a drug", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00133-00068106-00068445": "addict or an alcoholic right because most people they want to know how do I", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00134-00068445-00068814": "help them how do I help this person but in the book I explain why sometimes you", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00135-00068814-00069204": "got to cut that person out of your life right anyway so I get what Katie's", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00136-00069204-00069657": "saying like it's tough and like as mental health professionals we got to", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00137-00069657-00070134": "tell you that tough stuff that isn't always so nice and it's not so warm and", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00138-00070134-00070350": "fuzzy and lovey-dovey and stuff like that", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00139-00070350-00070776": "like for me personally I did not get clean and sober and people until people", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00140-00070776-00071340": "cut ties with me they had to let me go my mom was ready to let me die because I", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00141-00071340-00071715": "was killing myself and refusing to get help you know what I mean so so like", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00142-00071715-00072039": "it's difficult like now that I'm in recovery and I've worked at treatment", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00143-00072039-00072369": "centers and things like that I have to tell people when they get so blind you", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00144-00072369-00072975": "gotta cut your best friend out of your life you gotta cut your mom we have to", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00145-00072975-00073362": "tell people that and that's where I see exactly where Katie Morton's coming from", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00146-00073362-00074082": "like in her Instagram story she stays that you know one out of every 25 people", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00147-00074082-00074657": "right or socio so review on this is trying to protect", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00148-00074657-00075230": "the majority of people and yes like it's true so as mental health professionals", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00149-00075230-00075701": "we are stuck in this tricky situation you know so I will say this like Katie", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00150-00075701-00076076": "ended her video by saying like those of you who follow me and you know me like", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00151-00076076-00076646": "you know better than that right okay this is where I talk about how you know", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00152-00076646-00077063": "people have like black and white thinking this is a symptom of borderline", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00153-00077063-00077486": "personality disorder but a lot of people struggle with black my thinking even", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00154-00077486-00077684": "though you don't have borderline personality disorder", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00155-00077684-00078026": "that's all Katie saying those things like my brain because I struggle with", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00156-00078026-00078635": "black I think you wanted me to put Katie from the whole good pile into the call", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00157-00078635-00079352": "myself down and say wait wait look what does she believe who is she as a person", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00158-00079352-00079985": "and let me tell you one of my favorite videos by Kati Morton which as many", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00159-00079985-00080509": "views as should have is she made a video dedicated to the fact that California", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00160-00080509-00081323": "years ago California passed a bill to get a ton a ton of funding for mental", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00161-00081323-00081725": "health right to help the homeless in California to provide better mental", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00162-00081725-00082130": "health care they got a ton of money but what they're doing is is they didn't do", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00163-00082130-00082466": "anything with that money another reallocating that money and Katie took", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00164-00082466-00083087": "time on her channel to stray away from her normal content and basically do some", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00165-00083087-00083801": "mental health advocacy right there shows me as a person who Kati Morton is and me", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00166-00083801-00084311": "and her we're fighting the same fight to try to get more awareness out there to", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00167-00084311-00084773": "help people get better mental healthcare and all that kind of stuff so so please", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00168-00084773-00085157": "if you're watching this like like if you don't know Katie Morton very well like", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00169-00085157-00085469": "goes check out some of our videos you'll learn to understand her as a person I", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00170-00085469-00085952": "hope my video and my voice on the subject kind of offered you some insight", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00171-00085952-00086351": "and like I said I'm torn on it like I don't know if I would necessarily have", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00172-00086351-00086774": "worded it the way she did Shane Dawson is", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00173-00086774-00087336": "so is his hand true you know so there might have been things cut out but I", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00174-00087336-00087902": "know Katie loves all people and hopes for the best but like she said it's very", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00175-00087902-00088347": "hard with sociopaths because they might just be pretending to get help so in my", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00176-00088347-00088704": "opinion we need to fund research and see how we can help those people you know", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00177-00088704-00089007": "what I mean but anyways let me know your thoughts down in the comment below", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00178-00089007-00089430": "comment section below I hope this offered you a new point of view", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00179-00089430-00089754": "alright but that's all I got for you if you like this video please give it a", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00180-00089754-00090048": "thumbs up and if you're new I'm always making videos to help you out with your", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00181-00090048-00090324": "mental and emotional well-being make sure you subscribe and bring that", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00182-00090324-00090677": "notification up huge thank you to everybody supporting the channel over on", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00183-00090677-00091082": "patreon I actually have a shirt that says mental health increase awareness", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00184-00091082-00091494": "decrease the stigma boom click on the rewind soul merch shop if you want to", "j7rKQ9x8Gay-00185-00091494-00092024": "grab yourself one alright thanks so much for watching I'll see you next time"}}, {"audio_id": "j7OP_RXJgs4", "text": {"j7OP_RXJgs4-00000-00000168-00000612": "As we’ve already discussed, “privacy” is a slippery concept.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00001-00000612-00001053": "It’s hard to pin down and provide any exact definition for it that doesn’t immediately", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00002-00001053-00001521": "suffer from numerous counter-examples or logical inconsistencies or similar.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00003-00001521-00001785": "But we’re not giving up so easily!", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00004-00001785-00002202": "Just because the concept of “privacy” can’t be defined in some simple and straightforward", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00005-00002202-00002661": "way doesn’t mean that we can’t learn an awful lot about it by looking at how it’s", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00006-00002661-00003007": "been approached and discussed in different times and places.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00007-00003007-00003436": "After all, every legal system in the world protects at least some aspects of privacy.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00008-00003436-00004018": "And yes, the law might never be entirely satisfactory, in terms of staying relevant and up-to-date", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00009-00004018-00004282": "with all the latest technological developments.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00010-00004282-00004798": "But an overview of the way legal privacy protections have grown and expanded over time, and the", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00011-00004798-00005309": "resulting ripples this has caused in related legal and conceptual research, might allow", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00012-00005309-00005848": "us to better appreciate which way privacy is currently headed: its general thrust and", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00013-00005848-00006023": "direction, right here and right now.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00014-00006023-00006242": "So, let’s do that!", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00015-00006242-00006697": "However, before that, a few small things we need to get out of the way, just to make sure", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00016-00006697-00006951": "we’re all starting from the same place.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00017-00006951-00007364": "The first is to say a few words about how and why the law grows and develops and changes", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00018-00007364-00007476": "over time.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00019-00007476-00007976": "Well, the simple answer is that the law develops to deal with those things that people in society", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00020-00007976-00008152": "are concerned about.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00021-00008152-00008643": "Not just anything, of course, but the sorts of things that enough people are concerned", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00022-00008643-00009182": "enough about, and that don’t come into obvious conflict with already existing law.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00023-00009182-00009706": "So, for instance, it used to be that not enough people were concerned enough for there to", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00024-00009706-00010315": "be laws safeguarding the well-being of children, and so children tended to be abused and exploited", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00025-00010315-00010634": "and put to work in dangerous factories and so on.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00026-00010634-00011122": "As time went on, however, enough people became concerned enough with the well-being of children", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00027-00011122-00011593": "that many countries began implementing laws forbidding child abuse, child exploitation,", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00028-00011593-00011850": "child labor, and so on.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00029-00011850-00011996": "And it’s not just in the past.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00030-00011996-00012404": "We’re currently living through these sorts of developments right now too.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00031-00012404-00012863": "For instance, an increasing number of people are becoming increasingly concerned about", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00032-00012863-00013294": "the climate, and so there’s a push for this to be reflected in the law.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00033-00013294-00013823": "However, doing so often clashes with existing laws, such as laws on the legal rights and", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00034-00013823-00014134": "responsibilities of corporations and such.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00035-00014134-00014281": "Where will this all end?", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00036-00014281-00014381": "Who knows?", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00037-00014381-00014816": "But like in the case of child labor, there’s a good chance our children or grandchildren", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00038-00014816-00015350": "will look back on the current developments under way as long overdue and morally necessary,", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00039-00015350-00015651": "whatever they ultimately wind up being.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00040-00015651-00016197": "Now, so far this should all be pretty obvious to everybody: the law changes in ways that", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00041-00016197-00016455": "reflect a society’s concerns.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00042-00016455-00016940": "Slowly and reactively, sure, and sometimes also insufficiently, but it still tracks,", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00043-00016940-00017439": "in some sense, the sorts of things that people in a society tend to be most concerned about.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00044-00017439-00017915": "So, that’s the “why”, but what about the “how”?", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00045-00017915-00018148": "How does the law develop over time?", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00046-00018148-00018745": "Well, very basically, we could say that the two major forces at play are legislation and", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00047-00018745-00019131": "precedent, so let’s talk a little about each.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00048-00019131-00019723": "Legislation is what happens when lawmakers, such as elected politicians, develop new laws", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00049-00019723-00019884": "for their country.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00050-00019884-00020356": "This happens in most legal systems in the world, but is the fundamental and primary", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00051-00020356-00020848": "source of all law in so-called “civil law” or “Roman law” systems, which is what", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00052-00020848-00021312": "we find in most of the non-English-speaking and non-Islamic world.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00053-00021312-00021784": "In these civil law systems, lawmakers first develop legislation, and then the courts hear", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00054-00021784-00022276": "cases relevant to that legislation and try to decide the cases in accordance with it.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00055-00022276-00022729": "They have quite a lot of freedom to interpret how the legislation applies to any individual", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00056-00022729-00023250": "case, but, for the very same reason, the final court decisions don’t usually hold that", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00057-00023250-00023637": "much weight for other related cases in the future.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00058-00023637-00024187": "Precedent, on the other hand, is when courts are required to take prior court decisions", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00059-00024187-00024845": "into account, especially those decisions that were made in the higher courts of a country.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00060-00024845-00025364": "And although civil law systems will also sometimes put a little weight on how prior cases have", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00061-00025364-00025938": "been decided, it’s an absolutely fundamental and primary source of the law in so-called", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00062-00025938-00026420": "“common-law” systems, which is what we find in most of the English-speaking world.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00063-00026420-00026858": "In these common law systems, courts not only interpret existing legislation in a way that", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00064-00026858-00027452": "is strongly binding, or at least highly persuasive, on future cases, but they also have the ability", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00065-00027452-00027993": "to develop entire areas of law where there is no legislation of any kind, merely by looking", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00066-00027993-00028493": "at the precedents set by relevant previous court cases.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00067-00028493-00028948": "On the one hand, this makes the courts in common-law systems far more powerful players", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00068-00028948-00029412": "in actually developing the law, compared to the courts in civil-law systems, where they", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00069-00029412-00029602": "only apply it.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00070-00029602-00030089": "On the other hand, it can also sometimes leave common-law court decisions a little more uncertain", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00071-00030089-00030463": "and open to interpretation than in civil-law systems.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00072-00030463-00030989": "In fact, when reading common-law case reports, you can often vaguely hint the outline of", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00073-00030989-00031510": "some sort of general legal principle, which arises out of all the cited cases collectively,", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00074-00031510-00031985": "rather than from any single case, but only really exists in the minds of the judges and", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00075-00031985-00032519": "legal scholars and others working on interpreting the meanings of the precedents in this way.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00076-00032519-00033045": "It can sometimes be almost like poetry: you only really intuit glimpses of the real meaning", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00077-00033045-00033463": "somewhere behind the words of the case reports you’re reading.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00078-00033463-00033803": "OK, so legislation and precedent.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00079-00033803-00034402": "Civil-law systems emphasize legislation, while common-law systems emphasize both legislation", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00080-00034402-00034567": "and precedent.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00081-00034567-00035059": "Now, in both cases, the law still needs to develop in accordance with the major concerns", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00082-00035059-00035227": "in society.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00083-00035227-00035725": "But the way those concerns feed into the law differs for each source of the law, in a rather", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00084-00035725-00035978": "interesting way.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00085-00035978-00036500": "When it comes to legislation, in both civil- and common-law systems, the question is how", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00086-00036500-00036941": "lawmakers keep track of what people in a society are concerned enough about, so that they know", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00087-00036941-00037306": "what sorts of things to develop legislation for.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00088-00037306-00037922": "Well, sometimes, of course, they’re elected on a specifically profiled political platform,", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00089-00037922-00038286": "so you can expect that if they gain enough political power, then they’ll start developing", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00090-00038286-00038669": "legislation on their specific profile issues.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00091-00038669-00039199": "Other times, societal concerns come up organically, in a way that no one party or politician is", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00092-00039199-00039634": "profiled for or against, but which still needs to be dealt with.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00093-00039634-00040086": "Like the development of a new and potentially quite harmful technology or similar.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00094-00040086-00040612": "So, for instance, think social media, and all the current concerns lawmakers around", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00095-00040612-00041100": "the world have about it, despite it not really being any sort of concern for anybody around", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00096-00041100-00041311": "20 years ago.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00097-00041311-00041700": "But either way, whether they’re profiled toward some specific piece of legislation", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00098-00041700-00042378": "or not, lawmakers will spend a lot of time looking at legal scholarly work, so research", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00099-00042378-00042659": "done by legal researchers.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00100-00042659-00043233": "This could be, for instance, academic articles, where legal scholars argue for one point or", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00101-00043233-00043666": "another, like that two existing pieces of legislation are in conflict and so need to", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00102-00043666-00044180": "be revised, or that some specific court case proves that there is some missing legislation", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00103-00044180-00044441": "that needs to be developed, or similar.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00104-00044441-00044844": "The politicians probably don’t read these articles themselves (after all, they were", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00105-00044844-00045406": "elected to lead, not to read) but they will typically have various advisory committees", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00106-00045406-00045946": "and specialist hearings and so on, so their legal advisor nerds can bring them up to speed.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00107-00045946-00046613": "Now, when it comes to precedent, the tracking of societal concerns is a little different.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00108-00046613-00047053": "Because precedent is binding, or at least persuasive, in common-law systems, there is", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00109-00047053-00047619": "a crucial need to publish reports of all cases that provide some sort of precedent, for future", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00110-00047619-00047774": "cases to rely on.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00111-00047774-00048326": "These will generally include lengthy reasoning, by the court, about why it has reached a specific", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00112-00048326-00048676": "decision, and on the basis of what prior precedents.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00113-00048676-00049116": "These case reports are then pored over and picked apart by legal scholars, as they look", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00114-00049116-00049604": "to, for example, develop a view of the hidden underlying general legal principles that arise", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00115-00049604-00050078": "from a collection of precedents, or maybe point out how some specific court’s decision", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00116-00050078-00050503": "is actually in conflict with other precedents that the case may not have considered, or", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00117-00050503-00050650": "similar.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00118-00050650-00051287": "And this has a substantial corrective impact on the work of the courts: in their decisions,", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00119-00051287-00051784": "common-law courts will often cite legal research when deciding cases, as a way of backing up", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00120-00051784-00051926": "their reasoning.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00121-00051926-00052332": "In common-law systems, there is, in other words, a sort of symbiotic back-and-forth", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00122-00052332-00052663": "between court decisions and legal research.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00123-00052663-00053088": "The court decisions form the basis for what the research focuses on, while the research", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00124-00053088-00053471": "can then often become the basis for subsequent court decisions.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00125-00053471-00053701": "And on and on it goes.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00126-00053701-00054398": "So, as I hope you can see, in both cases, in both legislation and precedent, legal research", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00127-00054398-00054755": "has a large impact on the way the law develops.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00128-00054755-00054929": "And the legal scholars themselves?", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00129-00054929-00055233": "Well, here comes a crucial point.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00130-00055233-00055814": "When legal scholars are doing basic work, on a wide-ranging and contentious topic like", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00131-00055814-00056408": "privacy, well, then they tend to be quite concerned with what the concept of “privacy”", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00132-00056408-00056570": "really means.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00133-00056570-00057139": "And for this, more often than not, they will turn to philosophers, and their research.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00134-00057139-00057645": "Now, philosophers typically work on developing strong, robust concepts, but don’t usually", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00135-00057645-00058003": "care all that much about their application in practice.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00136-00058003-00058430": "Instead, it’s normally the legal scholars who take the philosophical definitions and", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00137-00058430-00058980": "work with them to try to kind of translate them into possible real legal applications,", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00138-00058980-00059527": "whether in the form of explicit legislation or implicit precedent principles.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00139-00059527-00060107": "And personally, as a philosopher by background, I have to say: this is kind of neat!", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00140-00060107-00060645": "After all, who would’ve thought that abstract and complex philosophy might actually be so", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00141-00060645-00061157": "practically relevant to, well, all of us?", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00142-00061157-00061585": "Not only that, but this is also where it starts to get really interesting!", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00143-00061585-00062133": "You see, once the law develops, a sort of feedback effect can happen here.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00144-00062133-00062583": "Because the law is a sort of baseline for everybody in a society, this means that legal", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00145-00062583-00063204": "scholars, and, yes, even philosophers, will often have stuff to say about new legal developments,", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00146-00063204-00063516": "whether we’re talking about legislation or precedent.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00147-00063516-00063982": "So not only does philosophical research on some concept occasionally dictate the form", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00148-00063982-00064497": "of some real-world legal development, but the legal development will then itself become", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00149-00064497-00064945": "the focus of new philosophical and legal research on the same concept.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00150-00064945-00065612": "So, perhaps I define “privacy” some way, publish my definition in legal-ish philosophy", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00151-00065612-00066038": "journals, influence a bunch of legal scholars, who then use my definition of “privacy”", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00152-00066038-00066570": "to suggest new legislation or some new interpretation of precedent, which then kind of trickles", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00153-00066570-00067156": "up to lawmakers or courts who apply it in practice, which then gives me more real-world", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00154-00067156-00067457": "cases to reflect on in my conceptual work.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00155-00067457-00067951": "It’s sort of like if you tell your friend that you have this great idea for a Finnish", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00156-00067951-00068388": "tango cover band, and then she takes your idea and runs with it, and creates her own", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00157-00068388-00068998": "hugely successful Finnish tango cover band, playing all the most famous songs, like “Satumaa”", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00158-00068998-00069529": "or “Suo sana vain”, but in a slightly new and different way, and you then use her", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00159-00069529-00069964": "band’s success to revise and refine your understanding of what Finnish tango is really", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00160-00069964-00070444": "all about, and come with a new and improved idea for an even better Finnish tango cover", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00161-00070444-00070544": "band.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00162-00070544-00071079": "Really, the virtuous-circle possibilities are almost endless!", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00163-00071079-00071789": "OK, so the law develops in a way that mirrors major concerns in society, and philosophers", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00164-00071789-00072351": "and legal scholars play a big role in how the law, whether in legislation or in precedent,", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00165-00072351-00072812": "develops its concepts, which directly determines what specific sorts of cases the resulting", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00166-00072812-00073193": "legal developments will actually apply to.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00167-00073193-00073629": "And then that very same legal development forms a new baseline for further conceptual", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00168-00073629-00074224": "and legal research on the topic, which again feeds into legal developments, and so on.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00169-00074224-00074351": "Noice!", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00170-00074351-00074868": "So, with that out of the way, let’s now talk about legal privacy protections throughout", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00171-00074868-00075025": "history.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00172-00075025-00075294": "And I’m going to start with English common law.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00173-00075294-00075408": "Why England?", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00174-00075408-00075949": "Well, first because it’s one of the world’s longest-standing continuous legal systems,", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00175-00075949-00076402": "and therefore gives us a broader historical scope than almost any other country from which", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00176-00076402-00076852": "to investigate the development of legal privacy protections over time.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00177-00076852-00077377": "But also because it forms the historical basis for United States common law.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00178-00077377-00077576": "And why is US law so important?", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00179-00077576-00077766": "Again, two reasons.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00180-00077766-00078316": "First, because specific legal developments in the US during the 20th century led to by", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00181-00078316-00078825": "far the most extensive privacy research, by both legal scholars and philosophers, that", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00182-00078825-00079034": "the world has so far seen.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00183-00079034-00079538": "And second, because no matter where in the world you live today, US privacy law still", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00184-00079538-00080082": "impacts you, in the way that it, for instance, regulates the behavior of multinational tech", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00185-00080082-00080568": "conglomerates, like when Facebook stores and processes data from your account in giant", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00186-00080568-00081121": "server farms on American soil, regardless where in the world you happen to be located.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00187-00081121-00081448": "Alright, let’s get started!", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00188-00081448-00082089": "Now, if we begin with English law, we can see early development of legal protections", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00189-00082089-00082776": "of personal physical space and goods, in relation to law on trespass, nuisance and harassment.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00190-00082776-00083170": "Further down the line, English law developed protections against revealing some sorts of", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00191-00083170-00083367": "information about others.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00192-00083367-00083750": "If the information was false, it would be covered by defamation law, while if it was", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00193-00083750-00084205": "true it might be covered by blackmail law, or perhaps confidentiality law.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00194-00084205-00084701": "I’m gonna dwell on this last one a little, because it provides a great example of how", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00195-00084701-00085087": "English legal privacy protections have developed over time.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00196-00085087-00085705": "To start with, in 1576, English courts recognized the need to protect all communication between", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00197-00085705-00086187": "a lawyer and their client, so that your lawyer couldn’t be forced to testify against you", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00198-00086187-00086364": "in court.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00199-00086364-00086802": "Similar protections were established three years later, between spouses.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00200-00086802-00087480": "Quite a bit later, in 1741, a case involving Jonathan Swift (of Gulliver’s Travels) found", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00201-00087480-00087973": "that even if you sent a letter to somebody else, and it was, so to say, their physical", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00202-00087973-00088397": "property, they still couldn’t publish the contents of that letter, as it remained your", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00203-00088397-00088497": "property.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00204-00088497-00088935": "Basically, it was still your ideas and words, so others couldn’t just use those however", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00205-00088935-00089193": "they saw fit.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00206-00089193-00089682": "More importantly, the eighteenth century also saw the development of various so-called “duties", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00207-00089682-00089875": "of non-disclosure”.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00208-00089875-00090354": "This area of the law started small but eventually grew, over the centuries, to a prohibition", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00209-00090354-00090809": "on any of a number of different recognized confidential relationships.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00210-00090809-00091250": "So, this would be things like that business partners couldn’t steal ideas from each", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00211-00091250-00091475": "other and present as their own.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00212-00091475-00091957": "Or that academic journals couldn’t publish lectures submitted by a diligent student taking", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00213-00091957-00092351": "notes, without the lecturer’s express consent to publish.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00214-00092351-00092687": "Or that a photographer couldn’t use the negatives from a private photo shoot with", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00215-00092687-00093235": "a paying client for the sake of making and selling Christmas cards in his shop.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00216-00093235-00093829": "But the really big case, the arguably most important privacy case in world history, was", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00217-00093829-00094175": "Prince Albert v Strange, from 1849.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00218-00094175-00094510": "So, here’s how the case went.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00219-00094510-00094975": "Prince Albert and his family, including his wife Queen Victoria, had made a number of", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00220-00094975-00095402": "drawings and etchings for their own personal use and amusement.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00221-00095402-00095947": "They commissioned a royal printer to make copies of these, and without the printer’s", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00222-00095947-00096483": "knowledge, one of his employees took some of the copies for himself.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00223-00096483-00096891": "He sold them, and they eventually made their way into the hands of the defendant, Mr. Strange,", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00224-00096891-00097426": "who wanted to not only exhibit them, but had also printed a catalog describing them to", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00225-00097426-00097626": "potential buyers.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00226-00097626-00098044": "The queen and her husband sued for the prevention of the exhibition and the publication of the", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00227-00098044-00098218": "catalog.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00228-00098218-00098644": "Since the case wasn’t very obviously covered by previous precedent, but kind of fit in", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00229-00098644-00099351": "under a general-principle expansion of various previous cases, the court claimed an “original", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00230-00099351-00099875": "and independent jurisdiction”, and found in the royal family’s favor, arguing that", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00231-00099875-00100198": "“privacy is the right invaded”.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00232-00100198-00100623": "Now, this is worth pausing for a moment to reflect on.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00233-00100623-00101219": "I didn’t mention it yet, but there is not, nor has there ever been, any general right", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00234-00101219-00101382": "to privacy in English law.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00235-00101382-00101891": "There have been numerous attempts to legislate one in Parliament over the years, but it’s", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00236-00101891-00102057": "never come to be.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00237-00102057-00102636": "So for the court, in Prince Albert, to argue that “privacy is the right invaded” was", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00238-00102636-00103208": "really quite a surprising statement, and one that would later come to have a pivotal impact", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00239-00103208-00103711": "on US privacy law, a fact I’ll return to in a moment.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00240-00103711-00104156": "Staying in England for now, various legal developments in the 20th century help to illustrate", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00241-00104156-00104629": "some really very central features of legal protections of privacy.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00242-00104629-00105110": "One important case was that of Kaye v Robertson, from 1991.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00243-00105110-00105573": "In this case, the well-known actor Gordon Kaye was recovering in hospital after a serious", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00244-00105573-00105763": "traffic accident.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00245-00105763-00106211": "After several days on life-support, followed by a period in intensive care, he was moved", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00246-00106211-00106330": "to a private room.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00247-00106330-00107008": "A journalist from the tabloid newspaper Sunday Sport then surreptitiously gained access to", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00248-00107008-00107602": "Kaye’s room and interviewed and took photos of him, before being removed by hospital security.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00249-00107602-00108058": "Kaye couldn’t remember the whole thing just 15 minutes later.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00250-00108058-00108625": "Through friends, he tried to stop the tabloid from publishing the interview, by suing them,", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00251-00108625-00109180": "on the basis of malicious falsehood, libel, passing off, and trespass to the person.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00252-00109180-00109680": "The court, however, disagreed with all the claims, except malicious falsehood, which", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00253-00109680-00110210": "meant that the tabloid was only prohibited from making any statement that Kaye had consented", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00254-00110210-00110768": "to the interview or photos, but no prohibition otherwise on their publication.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00255-00110768-00111278": "The judges did argue that the case clearly showed there was a need to legislate privacy", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00256-00111278-00111668": "protections in the UK, but that their hands were tied.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00257-00111668-00112316": "Now, what this case really shows, is that legal privacy protections often tend to clash", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00258-00112316-00112888": "with legal protections of other societal values, such as freedom of speech and freedom of the", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00259-00112888-00113016": "press.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00260-00113016-00113519": "In fact, this is a recurring feature of privacy, and one we can see popping up again and again", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00261-00113519-00114127": "in the UK legal context, whether it’s about the now-defunct Murdoch-owned tabloid News", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00262-00114127-00114644": "of the World hacking into teenage murder victim Milly Dowler’s phone voicemail after she", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00263-00114644-00115229": "was reported missing, or various Premier League footballers using the English court system", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00264-00115229-00115793": "to stop tabloids from publishing details about their intimate and illicit affairs.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00265-00115793-00116344": "In all these cases, the question typically boils down to: how much is protecting privacy", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00266-00116344-00116846": "worth, how much is public interest in the details of the situation worth, and which", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00267-00116846-00117176": "one should win out in this particular case?", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00268-00117176-00117715": "Now, if we zoom out from England for a moment and look at Europe, there are two primary", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00269-00117715-00118008": "sources of legal privacy protections.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00270-00118008-00118495": "One is the European Convention on Human Rights, and its article 8, which provides another", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00271-00118495-00119090": "nice illustration of the balancing act that legal privacy protections must play.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00272-00119090-00119635": "Article 8 states that every person has a “right to respect for her private and family life,", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00273-00119635-00120100": "her home and her correspondence”, and that no authority can interfere with this right", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00274-00120100-00120620": "except “as is in accordance with the law and is necessary in a democratic society in", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00275-00120620-00121085": "the interests of national security, public safety or the economic well-being of the country,", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00276-00121085-00121490": "for the prevention of disorder or crime, for the protection of health or morals, or for", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00277-00121490-00121778": "the protection of the rights and freedoms of others”.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00278-00121778-00122258": "In other words, just like in the English tabloid cases, at the level of the Council of Europe,", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00279-00122258-00122711": "which includes far more countries than just the European Union, the fundamental right", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00280-00122711-00123426": "to privacy is explicitly balanced against various other values and interests in society.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00281-00123426-00123948": "And if we zoom back in a little, this time to the European Union, then we get the General", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00282-00123948-00124355": "Data Protection Regulation, or GDPR, from 2018.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00283-00124355-00124754": "I take it most of you are familiar with this, and I’ll have a lot more to say about it", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00284-00124754-00125314": "in the next video, when we discuss privacy and data security, but at this stage it’s", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00285-00125314-00125527": "worth noting just two things.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00286-00125527-00126217": "First, that the GDPR, as a legal EU instrument, must be implemented in full in all EU member", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00287-00126217-00126317": "states.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00288-00126317-00126657": "So it has real force of law, in other words.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00289-00126657-00127226": "And second, the GDPR has already had a large-scale impact on the way that many of the multinational", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00290-00127226-00127759": "tech conglomerates work, given that it regulates, among many other things, the transfer of any", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00291-00127759-00128310": "personal data about EU citizens and denizens to anywhere else outside the EU, including", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00292-00128310-00128513": "the US.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00293-00128513-00128999": "So yeah, there’s a whole patchwork of legal privacy protections in England, and they’ve", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00294-00128999-00129490": "developed and multiplied over time, but there is no general right to privacy in the country.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00295-00129490-00129899": "Well, there is a general right to privacy according to the European Convention on Human", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00296-00129899-00130453": "Rights (of which the UK is, even after Brexit, still a signatory), but how this right is", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00297-00130453-00130920": "interpreted varies somewhat between countries, and is stymied by the fact that the European", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00298-00130920-00131486": "Court of Human Rights in Strasbourg has an insane backlog of cases, on the latest count", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00299-00131486-00131977": "upward of some 60,000 or so still waiting to be heard.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00300-00131977-00132471": "And then, in the European Union, the GDPR has been a monumental development in legal", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00301-00132471-00132674": "privacy protections these past few years.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00302-00132674-00133100": "But, as I already said before, that’s something I’ll talk more about in the next video.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00303-00133100-00133447": "OK, that’s England and Europe out of the way.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00304-00133447-00134069": "Now let’s rewind, all the way back to 1849 and Prince Albert v Strange.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00305-00134069-00134502": "First and foremost, and as I already mentioned, US common law was, at the time, still citing", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00306-00134502-00134817": "English court cases as precedent.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00307-00134817-00135302": "And as regards Prince Albert, the result of the case was that two young legal scholars", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00308-00135302-00135940": "wrote an article, in 1890, called “The Right to Privacy”, which would change US privacy", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00309-00135940-00136114": "law forever.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00310-00136114-00136691": "The authors, Samuel Warren and Louis Brandeis, were what we today might call, well, a tad", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00311-00136691-00137002": "hysterical about technological developments.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00312-00137002-00137265": "Basically, they worried about two things.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00313-00137265-00137725": "First, they worried about the flourishing of so-called “yellow papers”, basically", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00314-00137725-00138188": "the tabloids of the late 19th century, and the way that these papers printed gossip and", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00315-00138188-00138384": "rumors with abandon.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00316-00138384-00139040": "Second, they worried about the recent development, in 1888, of Eastman Dry Plate Company’s", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00317-00139040-00139612": "so-called “Kodak” camera, a new technology that allowed point-and-shoot photography at", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00318-00139612-00140166": "an affordable price, and which completely revolutionized media access to photography.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00319-00140166-00140698": "And, more importantly, which all of a sudden made covert photography possible in a way", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00320-00140698-00140919": "it had never been before.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00321-00140919-00141472": "Therefore, in the view of Warren and Brandeis, these two factors taken together had jointly", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00322-00141472-00141959": "“invaded the sacred precincts of private and domestic life; and … threaten to make", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00323-00141959-00142375": "good the prediction that ‘what is whispered in the closet shall be proclaimed from the", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00324-00142375-00142821": "house-tops’ ”. More interesting for us here, however, was", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00325-00142821-00143274": "that they reached a conclusion not that we needed to legislate some sort of new right", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00326-00143274-00143927": "to privacy, but rather that its existence was already implied by existing precedent,", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00327-00143927-00144222": "in particular Prince Albert v Strange.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00328-00144222-00144813": "In their view, what had originally served as a primitive notion of a right to life,", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00329-00144813-00145341": "had over time expanded to include various rights about more than just the physical being", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00330-00145341-00145510": "of a person.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00331-00145510-00145946": "These included protections from assault, as opposed to just from battery, from nuisance,", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00332-00145946-00146498": "and from slander and libel, as well as protections of both tangible and intangible property,", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00333-00146498-00146839": "such as trademarks, and literary and artistic works.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00334-00146839-00147419": "A legal right to privacy was then, they argued, only the next stage of this natural expansion", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00335-00147419-00147582": "of the common law.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00336-00147582-00148102": "All the courts needed to do was to recognize this, and voilà, a legal general right to", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00337-00148102-00148451": "privacy would be established in the US!", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00338-00148451-00148905": "They then went on to analyze what this sort of right to privacy would look like, in some", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00339-00148905-00149463": "detail, and thereby wrote the first real philosophical article on the concept of privacy; what it", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00340-00149463-00149854": "was, why it was valuable, how to protect it within the legal system of the time, and so", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00341-00149854-00149958": "on.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00342-00149958-00150551": "Now, the US courts were initially somewhat slow to adopt Warren and Brandeis’s recommendations,", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00343-00150551-00150837": "but they started doing so increasingly over time.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00344-00150837-00151495": "By the mid-20th century, there were already hundreds of cases either directly or indirectly", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00345-00151495-00151720": "inspired by Warren and Brandeis.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00346-00151720-00152315": "In 1960, legal scholar William Prosser took the many cases, and grouped them all into", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00347-00152315-00152531": "four basic categories.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00348-00152531-00152647": "1.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00349-00152647-00152920": "Intrusion into a person’s seclusion or solitude.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00350-00152920-00153325": "So, basically, bothering others in their private space.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00351-00153325-00153437": "2.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00352-00153437-00153739": "Public disclosure of embarrassing private facts.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00353-00153739-00154157": "At least when not coupled with a threat, since then it would become about blackmail rather", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00354-00154157-00154332": "than just privacy.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00355-00154332-00154439": "3.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00356-00154439-00154984": "Publicity which places a person in a false light, that is, which gives an incorrect (and", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00357-00154984-00155387": "probably harmful) impression of somebody, like by quoting them selectively and out of", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00358-00155387-00155523": "context.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00359-00155523-00155660": "And 4.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00360-00155660-00155841": "Appropriation of a person’s likeness.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00361-00155841-00156255": "So, for instance, using someone’s photo, without their consent, for some stupid ad", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00362-00156255-00156490": "campaign or similar.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00363-00156490-00157040": "Interestingly, in publishing this taxonomy of privacy cases, Prosser was trying to describe,", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00364-00157040-00157545": "in a systematic way, how privacy case law had developed up to that point.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00365-00157545-00158111": "But the effect of his publication was a different one: it basically set in stone the way in", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00366-00158111-00158484": "which all privacy cases were considered from then on.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00367-00158484-00158958": "In other words, after Prosser, the courts all referred back to his four-part taxonomy", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00368-00158958-00159255": "when considering any relevant privacy case.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00369-00159255-00159814": "Now, once again, this is where it starts getting really interesting.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00370-00159814-00160375": "Both Warren and Brandeis, and Prosser, show how conceptual research can impact legal practice,", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00371-00160375-00160636": "in quite significant ways.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00372-00160636-00161252": "But the truly bizarre twist in this entire story belongs to the US Supreme Court.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00373-00161252-00161737": "OK, so for those of you who don’t know, the Supreme Court in the United States has", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00374-00161737-00162312": "one main focus: to protect and apply the US Constitution to the various cases it hears.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00375-00162312-00162603": "And it has enormous power in doing so.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00376-00162603-00163170": "For instance, not only do all its cases constitute binding precedent in US common law, it also", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00377-00163170-00163664": "has the ability to, for instance, nullify existing legislation, if it finds that the", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00378-00163664-00164002": "legislation is in conflict with the US Constitution.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00379-00164002-00164520": "The Court consists of nine justices, who decide cases by simple majority, for or against.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00380-00164520-00165062": "As I’m sure you can appreciate, given its immense power, there’s a reason why both", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00381-00165062-00165521": "Democrats and Republicans are so obsessed with strategizing about how to get their own", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00382-00165521-00165977": "“progressive” or “conservative” nominations onto the Court.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00383-00165977-00166176": "But back to privacy.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00384-00166176-00166362": "This is where it starts getting weird.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00385-00166362-00167083": "You see, in 1965, the Supreme Court heard a very important case: Griswold v Connecticut.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00386-00167083-00167488": "The case concerned a state law in Connecticut making it illegal to provide contraceptives", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00387-00167488-00167665": "to married couples.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00388-00167665-00168073": "The Court found that the state law was in conflict with the US Constitution and its", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00389-00168073-00168544": "amendments, but in doing so, the different justices based their reasoning on completely", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00390-00168544-00168703": "different chains of logic.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00391-00168703-00169229": "So, Justice Douglas, writing for the court, argued that this sort of right to a “zone", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00392-00169229-00169820": "of privacy” emanated from several constitutional amendments: the First, concerning freedom", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00393-00169820-00170375": "of speech, the Third, concerning the protection of an individual’s home, the Fourth, concerning", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00394-00170375-00170888": "protection against unreasonable searches and seizures, and the Fifth, concerning protection", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00395-00170888-00171238": "against abuse of government authority in legal procedures.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00396-00171238-00171820": "Alright, already here it’s a bit conceptually unclear, but fair enough.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00397-00171820-00172425": "But then, in concurring opinions, Justice Goldberg argued instead that privacy emanated", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00398-00172425-00172897": "from the Ninth amendment, which states that “the enumeration in the Constitution, of", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00399-00172897-00173511": "certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people”.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00400-00173511-00174003": "And Justices Harlan and White, also concurring, argued that it was based on the Fourteenth", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00401-00174003-00174272": "amendment, about due process.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00402-00174272-00174571": "So, conceptually, this was a complete mess.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00403-00174571-00175030": "None of the Justices seemed to be able to agree on what a constitutional right to privacy", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00404-00175030-00175392": "came from, even if they agreed it existed.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00405-00175392-00175965": "And, as if this wasn’t problematic enough, the Supreme Court then went on to expand its", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00406-00175965-00176574": "conception of privacy numerous times, like in Eisenstadt v Baird in 1972, arguing that", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00407-00176574-00177029": "this right to privacy protected the contraceptive and sexual choices of all individuals, regardless", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00408-00177029-00177175": "of their marital status.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00409-00177175-00177757": "Or in the landmark 1973 case Roe v Wade, which found that the same sort of principle applied", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00410-00177757-00178250": "to the choice of having an abortion (although, obviously, we need to note that in 2022 the", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00411-00178250-00178724": "Supreme Court overturned Roe v Wade as precedent, so it no longer applies).", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00412-00178724-00179364": "Or, more important for present purposes, the 1977 case of Whalen v Roe (no relation to", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00413-00179364-00179570": "the Roe in Roe v Wade).", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00414-00179570-00180032": "The case concerned New York state laws that required the collection and storage of information", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00415-00180032-00180497": "about certain sorts of drug prescriptions, including the name of the prescribing doctor,", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00416-00180497-00180858": "the pharmacy dispensing the drug, the name and dosage of the drug, and the name, address,", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00417-00180858-00181120": "and age of the patient receiving it.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00418-00181120-00181640": "In its ruling in the case, the Supreme Court recognized a dual nature of its conception", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00419-00181640-00182255": "of privacy, arguing that one aspect of it concerned “the individual interest in avoiding", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00420-00182255-00182870": "disclosure of personal matters”, while the other concerned “the interest in independence", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00421-00182870-00183302": "in making certain kinds of important decisions”.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00422-00183302-00183476": "And there you have it.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00423-00183476-00184029": "Privacy, starting from something like an extremely limited English legal protection prohibiting", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00424-00184029-00184557": "lawyers from being forced to testify against their own clients in court, had, through Warren", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00425-00184557-00185161": "and Brandeis, Prosser, and Supreme Court case law, come to mean both a protection against", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00426-00185161-00185627": "having certain forms of personal information divulged to others, as well as a protection", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00427-00185627-00186080": "from interference with making certain kinds of important life decisions.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00428-00186080-00186607": "Now, this is where we leave the law, and move to philosophy.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00429-00186607-00187082": "Because after this, the privacy philosophers went a little crazy.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00430-00187082-00187301": "As did several legal scholars.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00431-00187301-00187778": "Essentially, you could say they all broke into two general camps: one camp thought that", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00432-00187778-00188360": "the latter, “important-life-decisions” type of privacy was warranted and conceptually", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00433-00188360-00188891": "appropriate, and another camp whose members argued that it was fundamentally mistaken,", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00434-00188891-00189251": "and proof only of the Supreme Court’s conceptual confusion.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00435-00189251-00189778": "In their view, these sorts of decisions were perhaps about autonomy, or liberty, or something", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00436-00189778-00190037": "similar, but definitely not privacy.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00437-00190037-00190488": "And so, the debates between the two camps rocked back and forth for years, with numerous", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00438-00190488-00190925": "philosophers adding their own suggested definitions of “privacy” to the discussion.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00439-00190925-00191397": "Now, I won’t bore you with all the details about this, but suffice it to say that the", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00440-00191397-00192013": "Supreme Court view of privacy, with its shaky conceptual foundations and slowly expanding", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00441-00192013-00192544": "definition, manages to nicely illustrate one very central and crucial question regarding", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00442-00192544-00192734": "the concept of “privacy”.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00443-00192734-00193265": "And that is just this: When we define an emotionally loaded and important", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00444-00193265-00193699": "concept, such as “privacy”, who decides what the definition should and should not", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00445-00193699-00193930": "cover?", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00446-00193930-00194466": "For most philosophers of privacy, the answer is probably “well, just use my definition”.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00447-00194466-00194677": "But let’s see if we can’t do better than that.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00448-00194677-00195091": "Alright, first and foremost, let’s talk about how we define concepts.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00449-00195091-00195638": "Let’s say I define the concept “chair” as “four-legged wooden seating furniture", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00450-00195638-00195776": "for one person”.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00451-00195776-00196005": "Alright, now how about this?", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00452-00196005-00196399": "It looks like a chair, but it’s not wooden, it’s metal.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00453-00196399-00196633": "Now, what is the appropriate response to this?", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00454-00196633-00197072": "Actually, it turns out, there are two equally valid responses.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00455-00197072-00197625": "The first possibility is to say “Oh, right, I guess I need to go and change my definition,", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00456-00197625-00198063": "into something else, like ‘four-legged seating furniture for one person’ ”. Then it covers", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00457-00198063-00198539": "both wood, and metal, and plastic, and any other possible materials.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00458-00198539-00199034": "But perhaps then we run into other issues, which require further revisions of our definition,", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00459-00199034-00199500": "like a three-legged chair, or a throne (“is it really a chair?”), or similar.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00460-00199500-00199933": "Alright, so that’s one way of responding to our definition running into a perceived", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00461-00199933-00200121": "counter-example.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00462-00200121-00200610": "But the other way we could respond would be, as philosophers tend to call it, to bite the", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00463-00200610-00201226": "bullet, and respond with a simple “sorry, that’s not a chair, because it’s not wooden”.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00464-00201226-00201589": "If somebody were to question this conclusion, we could simply respond by saying something", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00465-00201589-00202119": "like that most people use most of their concepts in very sloppy and irresponsible ways, and", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00466-00202119-00202533": "so the fact that our definition isn’t to everybody’s taste makes little or no difference.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00467-00202533-00202942": "It might still be a stronger and more coherent definition than the common one.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00468-00202942-00203460": "So, basically, everyone who disagrees with the definition can get lost.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00469-00203460-00203970": "And this, in a nutshell, summarizes what is going on between the two privacy camps.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00470-00203970-00204404": "On the one hand, there are philosophers and legal scholars who argue that the Supreme", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00471-00204404-00204983": "Court expansion of privacy is correct, and that privacy is, basically, whatever people", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00472-00204983-00205137": "think it is.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00473-00205137-00205403": "Do people have incoherent views about it?", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00474-00205403-00205523": "No problem!", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00475-00205523-00206080": "We can just throw different incompatible definitions together, neatly separated by an “or”.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00476-00206080-00206626": "So, then, privacy might be defined as being all about personal information or all about", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00477-00206626-00206875": "important life decisions (or both).", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00478-00206875-00207232": "Let’s call this a “wide” definition of privacy.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00479-00207232-00207830": "The most extreme example of this is probably legal scholar Daniel Solove’s lucid 2006", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00480-00207830-00208356": "article “A Taxonomy of Privacy”, where he lists not two but sixteen separate ways", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00481-00208356-00208594": "in which privacy can be harmed.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00482-00208594-00208804": "What is privacy, in Solove’s view?", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00483-00208804-00209352": "As his article has it, any or all of the sixteen options he presents.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00484-00209352-00209785": "On the other hand, those who argue that the Supreme Court expansion of privacy is wrong,", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00485-00209785-00210278": "and that privacy is really only about personal information, and nothing else, will typically", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00486-00210278-00210606": "defend their definitions with a sort of dismissive shrug.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00487-00210606-00210757": "“You don’t like my definition?", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00488-00210757-00211094": "Well, sucks to be you, get over it.”", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00489-00211094-00211430": "Especially if they have good solid arguments to support that their definition really does", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00490-00211430-00211890": "solve some other problems, or provides a better way of approaching specific issues.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00491-00211890-00212188": "Let’s call this a “narrow” definition of privacy.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00492-00212188-00212784": "Now, I hope you all understand that I’m oversimplifying what is, in reality, a rather", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00493-00212784-00213046": "nuanced and complex debate.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00494-00213046-00213479": "But I think that even if I’m oversimplifying, I’m still highlighting an important fundamental", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00495-00213479-00213951": "difference in how different philosophers and legal scholars think about concepts and their", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00496-00213951-00214063": "definitions.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00497-00214063-00214585": "Either they are far more flexible and permissive, with an attendant risk of developing a clumsy", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00498-00214585-00215086": "and possibly somewhat incoherent but very wide definition of privacy.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00499-00215086-00215580": "Or they are far more strict and limited, with an attendant risk of developing a precise", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00500-00215580-00216073": "and coherent narrow definition of privacy, but one that is too far removed from the way", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00501-00216073-00216684": "the term is actually used in society, so as to render it largely irrelevant.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00502-00216684-00216848": "And what’s better?", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00503-00216848-00217056": "Honestly, who knows?", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00504-00217056-00217677": "A concept that balloons and expands too much can become too all-encompassing, thereby dissolving", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00505-00217677-00217908": "into some sort of vague meaninglessness.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00506-00217908-00218452": "But a concept that is kept restricted in the face of other people’s conflicting views", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00507-00218452-00218782": "risks becoming completely irrelevant.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00508-00218782-00218900": "How do we solve this?", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00509-00218900-00219131": "Well, I wish I knew.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00510-00219131-00219419": "Fortunately, though, I don’t think we need to.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00511-00219419-00220002": "I mean, we might be drawn more to wide or to narrow approaches, but I don’t think", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00512-00220002-00220523": "we will ever establish which one is ultimately better, or more true, because we don’t know", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00513-00220523-00220884": "how we would ever properly assess something like that.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00514-00220884-00221213": "On the other hand, this probably doesn’t matter so much, because we’ve already made", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00515-00221213-00221789": "significant progress on a number of other fronts, which are worth summarizing.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00516-00221789-00222378": "First of all, the concept of “privacy” is hotly contested, by many people, and this", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00517-00222378-00222882": "has real-life implications, for instance in legal cases that may find that privacy, on", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00518-00222882-00223406": "some specific legal definition, has not been threatened or harmed, even if you might very", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00519-00223406-00223588": "much feel that it has.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00520-00223588-00223887": "Like Kaye v Robertson.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00521-00223887-00224269": "Understanding this, we can appreciate that influencing how definitions of privacy are", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00522-00224269-00224885": "developed, in philosophical and legal research, can have very big real-life implications,", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00523-00224885-00225138": "and so are worth taking seriously.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00524-00225138-00225635": "Second, we can also appreciate that no matter which definition of “privacy” we’re", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00525-00225635-00226087": "presented with, the historical thrust of the concept so far indicates that it will continue", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00526-00226087-00226688": "to change and develop over time, not least as new technologies are developed and launched", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00527-00226688-00226842": "into the world.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00528-00226842-00227388": "In other words, the concept of “privacy” is always in some state of flux, and we probably", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00529-00227388-00227814": "won’t ever be able to pin it down completely.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00530-00227814-00228311": "Third, we know that whatever your definition of privacy might be, it will typically always", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00531-00228311-00228800": "need to be balanced against other societal values and interests, like freedom of the", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00532-00228800-00229356": "press, or the ability of a government to undertake reasonable criminal investigations.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00533-00229356-00229851": "How far these various values and interests trump the others obviously remains an open", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00534-00229851-00230348": "question, and may well vary a lot from one individual case to another.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00535-00230348-00230785": "But that any proposed protection of privacy will typically need to be balanced against", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00536-00230785-00231102": "something else, that holds true regardless.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00537-00231102-00231605": "Finally, although this sort of lack of any clear and determinate definition of “privacy”", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00538-00231605-00232203": "might be seen as deeply dissatisfying, I don’t actually think having a clear and universally", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00539-00232203-00232728": "agreed definition is at all necessary to make progress on various privacy issues in our", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00540-00232728-00232846": "own societies today.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00541-00232846-00233378": "I could say a lot more about this, but I will leave it for the two following videos in this", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00542-00233378-00233478": "series.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00543-00233478-00233881": "In the first of these, we’ll discuss, in far more practical detail than what I’ve", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00544-00233881-00234334": "done here, how privacy and data security intersect with each other, and what the implications", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00545-00234334-00234482": "of this are.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00546-00234482-00234948": "Then, after that, we will talk about the relationships between the two general components of the", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00547-00234948-00235292": "Supreme Court’s definition: privacy and autonomy.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00548-00235292-00235790": "And, as we will see there, I don’t think we need precise definitions, of either term", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00549-00235790-00236190": "in either case, to make substantial progress on these issues.", "j7OP_RXJgs4-00550-00236190-00236461": "I look forward to continuing our conversation!"}}, {"audio_id": "j865_DnqSa8", "text": {"j865_DnqSa8-00000-00000000-00000500": "Meditation music"}}, {"audio_id": "j8krVGIhVZQ", "text": {"j8krVGIhVZQ-00000-00000000-00000050": "Spring sunshine. Out walking.  Bliss. Meet Sox.", "j8krVGIhVZQ-00001-00000903-00001080": "That is Sox in", "j8krVGIhVZQ-00002-00001080-00001216": "amongst the flowers.", "j8krVGIhVZQ-00003-00001378-00001600": "It's a beautiful day and", "j8krVGIhVZQ-00004-00001600-00001714": "he's so cute.", "j8krVGIhVZQ-00005-00001788-00002032": "This is a thirteen-year-old dog that", "j8krVGIhVZQ-00006-00002296-00002442": "thinks he's a flower I think.", "j8krVGIhVZQ-00007-00002564-00002670": "Hey there Sox.", "j8krVGIhVZQ-00008-00002788-00002900": "Hey, we going to the damn and", "j8krVGIhVZQ-00009-00002912-00002986": "you get wet.", "j8krVGIhVZQ-00010-00003132-00003188": "Come on.", "j8krVGIhVZQ-00011-00003410-00003472": "Nope!", "j8krVGIhVZQ-00012-00003472-00003647": "He's so obedient.", "j8krVGIhVZQ-00013-00003660-00003834": "All right.", "j8krVGIhVZQ-00014-00003834-00004015": "This is Susan from", "j8krVGIhVZQ-00015-00004046-00004206": "a creative has a dog!", "j8krVGIhVZQ-00016-00004234-00004348": "Who likes flowers."}}, {"audio_id": "j8GdasMhtEy", "text": {"j8GdasMhtEy-00000-00000000-00000186": "Welcome to the Life As Usual video blog,", "j8GdasMhtEy-00001-00000186-00000441": "where each video blog teaches you one tool", "j8GdasMhtEy-00002-00000441-00000756": "about self-awareness, execution, or", "j8GdasMhtEy-00003-00000756-00000938": "direction that helps you become a more", "j8GdasMhtEy-00004-00000938-00001191": "impactful leader.This week I want to", "j8GdasMhtEy-00005-00001191-00001437": "talk about one tool you can use that", "j8GdasMhtEy-00006-00001437-00001734": "leverages the friends you have and your", "j8GdasMhtEy-00007-00001734-00001914": "embarrassment to help you get something", "j8GdasMhtEy-00008-00001914-00002259": "done. And a tool i'm talking about is", "j8GdasMhtEy-00009-00002259-00004170": "external accountability.", "j8GdasMhtEy-00010-00004416-00004644": "It's very simple to apply external", "j8GdasMhtEy-00011-00004644-00004848": "accountability all you have to do is", "j8GdasMhtEy-00012-00004848-00005130": "tell your one friend, that talks a lot,", "j8GdasMhtEy-00013-00005130-00005262": "the thing you really want to accomplish.", "j8GdasMhtEy-00014-00005262-00005607": "And by doing that you set the stakes for", "j8GdasMhtEy-00015-00005607-00005850": "yourself. Instead of being able to say", "j8GdasMhtEy-00016-00005850-00006192": "\"nah I don't really want to do that\" by", "j8GdasMhtEy-00017-00006192-00006384": "having it out in public you give", "j8GdasMhtEy-00018-00006384-00006651": "yourself one more layer to stop you from", "j8GdasMhtEy-00019-00006651-00006972": "clocking out. Building something that", "j8GdasMhtEy-00020-00006972-00007145": "you want to build by having your friends", "j8GdasMhtEy-00021-00007145-00007565": "or your social network have some buy-in", "j8GdasMhtEy-00022-00007565-00007686": "into what you wanted.", "j8GdasMhtEy-00023-00007686-00007902": "It's a lot harder to quit something when", "j8GdasMhtEy-00024-00007902-00008028": "you know all your friends are looking", "j8GdasMhtEy-00025-00008028-00008225": "for you to accomplish it. This tool is a", "j8GdasMhtEy-00026-00008225-00008472": "great thing to have in your toolbox when", "j8GdasMhtEy-00027-00008472-00008618": "you're not quite sure how you want to", "j8GdasMhtEy-00028-00008618-00008886": "accomplish your goal but you sure that", "j8GdasMhtEy-00029-00008886-00009047": "you want to have buy-in from the people", "j8GdasMhtEy-00030-00009048-00009252": "you. Use this as much as possible to", "j8GdasMhtEy-00031-00009252-00009450": "leverage your paranoia to make sure you", "j8GdasMhtEy-00032-00009450-00009693": "get something done.My name is Adam", "j8GdasMhtEy-00033-00009693-00009872": "Thomas and thanks for watching the Life", "j8GdasMhtEy-00034-00009872-00011076": "As Usual Video Blog"}}, {"audio_id": "j8KYZMjekwk", "text": {"j8KYZMjekwk-00000-00000418-00000668": "Bangla"}}, {"audio_id": "j8LqorJg10I", "text": {"j8LqorJg10I-00000-00000000-00001048": "[Music]", "j8LqorJg10I-00001-00001048-00001264": "Our next speaker is Georgie Keynes from", "j8LqorJg10I-00002-00001264-00001416": "Keyneton Station.", "j8LqorJg10I-00003-00001416-00001623": "Georgie is a sixth generation farmer", "j8LqorJg10I-00004-00001623-00001839": "managing her family's property at Keyneton.", "j8LqorJg10I-00005-00001839-00001944": "She works on the property with her", "j8LqorJg10I-00006-00001944-00002171": "husband Toby and her parents.", "j8LqorJg10I-00007-00002171-00002407": "The property runs merino ewes with a", "j8LqorJg10I-00008-00002407-00002664": "proportion mated to Border Leicester rams", "j8LqorJg10I-00009-00002664-00002871": "to turn off first cross ewes.", "j8LqorJg10I-00010-00002871-00003000": "They have a focus on pushing their", "j8LqorJg10I-00011-00003000-00003176": "lambing percentages to get as many lambs", "j8LqorJg10I-00012-00003176-00003335": "on the ground as possible,", "j8LqorJg10I-00013-00003335-00003528": "making sure all of their ewes on the", "j8LqorJg10I-00014-00003528-00003903": "property are performing the best that they can.", "j8LqorJg10I-00015-00003903-00004103": "Georgie is also the executive officer for", "j8LqorJg10I-00016-00004103-00004296": "Barossa Improved Grazing Group, which is", "j8LqorJg10I-00017-00004296-00004479": "a farmer network aiming to improve the", "j8LqorJg10I-00018-00004479-00004767": "land, livestock, businesses and people", "j8LqorJg10I-00019-00004767-00005039": "components of local grazing businesses.", "j8LqorJg10I-00020-00005039-00005239": "Georgie and her family are also one of", "j8LqorJg10I-00021-00005239-00005543": "the Red Meat and Wool Growth Programs Focus Farms.", "j8LqorJg10I-00022-00005543-00005679": "I'd like to welcome Georgie to talk", "j8LqorJg10I-00023-00005679-00005888": "about adoption of AgTech on her", "j8LqorJg10I-00024-00005888-00006096": "property, thanks Georgie.", "j8LqorJg10I-00025-00006096-00006415": "[Applause]", "j8LqorJg10I-00026-00006479-00006640": "Thanks Jody and thanks very much for", "j8LqorJg10I-00027-00006640-00006935": "having me here today. This is our", "j8LqorJg10I-00028-00006935-00007151": "property Keyneton Station. As Jody said I'm", "j8LqorJg10I-00029-00007151-00007328": "the sixth generation.", "j8LqorJg10I-00030-00007328-00007535": "I farm the business with my husband Toby.", "j8LqorJg10I-00031-00007535-00007768": "I managed to squeeze him and bring him", "j8LqorJg10I-00032-00007768-00007984": "back into our family business. He's a", "j8LqorJg10I-00033-00007984-00008240": "boilermaker by trade, so fantastic", "j8LqorJg10I-00034-00008240-00008543": "for our business.", "j8LqorJg10I-00035-00008543-00008776": "And we run the business with my parents", "j8LqorJg10I-00036-00008887-00009112": "We run about 3000ha in", "j8LqorJg10I-00037-00009112-00009271": "Keyneton which is the other side of the", "j8LqorJg10I-00038-00009271-00009512": "Barossa Valley on the eastern side.", "j8LqorJg10I-00039-00009512-00010048": "We basically run 3000 merino ewes up here.", "j8LqorJg10I-00040-00010368-00010664": "We focus on having as many lambs on the", "j8LqorJg10I-00041-00010664-00011015": "ground as possible, like these guys here.", "j8LqorJg10I-00042-00011015-00011240": "That was last year in one of our", "j8LqorJg10I-00043-00011240-00011471": "smaller mobs that didn't", "j8LqorJg10I-00044-00011471-00011640": "obviously lamb down that many to that ewe.", "j8LqorJg10I-00045-00011640-00011776": "But it looked pretty good for the", "j8LqorJg10I-00046-00011776-00012143": "photo. Our real focus is", "j8LqorJg10I-00047-00012143-00012264": "getting as many lambs on the ground as", "j8LqorJg10I-00048-00012264-00012431": "possible.", "j8LqorJg10I-00049-00012431-00012695": "So we want to make sure that we get our ewes", "j8LqorJg10I-00050-00012695-00012919": "running as well as they possibly can and", "j8LqorJg10I-00051-00012919-00013159": "getting the most out of them.", "j8LqorJg10I-00052-00013159-00013384": "So of our 3000 ewes we", "j8LqorJg10I-00053-00013384-00013680": "lamd down about a 1000 to Border Leicester", "j8LqorJg10I-00054-00013680-00013919": "first cross lambs.", "j8LqorJg10I-00055-00013919-00014103": "We also have a block in the southeast so", "j8LqorJg10I-00056-00014103-00014287": "the ewe portion goes down there and grows", "j8LqorJg10I-00057-00014287-00014575": "out from September and then gets sold on.", "j8LqorJg10I-00058-00014575-00014719": "And the wether portion we've just", "j8LqorJg10I-00059-00014719-00014887": "started running through our feed lot.", "j8LqorJg10I-00060-00014887-00015015": "The first year that we've done that this", "j8LqorJg10I-00061-00015015-00015200": "year and it worked really well.", "j8LqorJg10I-00062-00015312-00015615": "So those Border Leicesters,", "j8LqorJg10I-00063-00015615-00015840": "we use them so we're actually trying to", "j8LqorJg10I-00064-00015840-00016031": "increase that", "j8LqorJg10I-00065-00016031-00016256": "to about 1500 over the next couple of years.", "j8LqorJg10I-00066-00016256-00016536": "We see them as a really", "j8LqorJg10I-00067-00016536-00016968": "good release valve for our business.", "j8LqorJg10I-00068-00016968-00017119": "If we're getting a tough year we can get", "j8LqorJg10I-00069-00017119-00017440": "rid of them early and move them on.", "j8LqorJg10I-00070-00017440-00017680": "And we're looking at keeping our 2000 ewes", "j8LqorJg10I-00071-00017680-00017991": "that are mated to merinos as well.", "j8LqorJg10I-00072-00017991-00018256": "We also have some cattle, but they are", "j8LqorJg10I-00073-00018256-00018408": "mostly running our avenue range", "j8LqorJg10I-00074-00018408-00018647": "block in the southeast. And just the", "j8LqorJg10I-00075-00018647-00018836": "heifers come back up here.", "j8LqorJg10I-00076-00019015-00019168": "So this is the sort of country that", "j8LqorJg10I-00077-00019168-00019391": "we're dealing with. To the western end", "j8LqorJg10I-00078-00019391-00019608": "of the property is the high rainfall", "j8LqorJg10I-00079-00019608-00019847": "area, sort of 500ml rainfall.", "j8LqorJg10I-00080-00019847-00020336": "We pasture about 150 ha of that", "j8LqorJg10I-00081-00020336-00020640": "and then the rest of the property is", "j8LqorJg10I-00082-00020640-00020824": "sort of a couple of 1000ha", "j8LqorJg10I-00083-00020824-00021056": "which is", "j8LqorJg10I-00084-00021056-00021463": "sort of unarable but, rolling hills", "j8LqorJg10I-00085-00021463-00021680": "and that feed base is basically just", "j8LqorJg10I-00086-00021680-00021903": "what's out there. So a bit of native,", "j8LqorJg10I-00087-00021903-00022024": "a little bit of", "j8LqorJg10I-00088-00022024-00022256": "falaris, and then your barley grass", "j8LqorJg10I-00089-00022256-00022503": "and all of that sort of stuff as well.", "j8LqorJg10I-00090-00022503-00022687": "And then another 1000 hectares that", "j8LqorJg10I-00091-00022687-00022959": "we've got is this country, which is", "j8LqorJg10I-00092-00022959-00023287": "native hills, pasture, so very rocky, very", "j8LqorJg10I-00093-00023287-00023608": "steep. Sort of half a DSE per hectare", "j8LqorJg10I-00094-00023608-00023752": "out there.", "j8LqorJg10I-00095-00023752-00024000": "We sort of get down 500mil", "j8LqorJg10I-00096-00024000-00024271": "rainfall here sort of 400mil here, down to", "j8LqorJg10I-00097-00024271-00024584": "about 300 to 250 out here, and obviously", "j8LqorJg10I-00098-00024584-00024856": "with the last few years it's been about half that.", "j8LqorJg10I-00099-00024856-00025080": "We run a ewe containment lot. This is", "j8LqorJg10I-00100-00025080-00025296": "our ewes in there at the moment.", "j8LqorJg10I-00101-00025296-00025536": "The last couple of years we've run", "j8LqorJg10I-00102-00025536-00025887": "all 3000 ewes through there for", "j8LqorJg10I-00103-00025887-00026151": "three to four months through the summer.", "j8LqorJg10I-00104-00026151-00026448": "We really rely on that to make", "j8LqorJg10I-00105-00026448-00026616": "sure that our ewes stay on condition score 3,", "j8LqorJg10I-00106-00026616-00026792": "so that we can get as many lambs", "j8LqorJg10I-00107-00026792-00026919": "on the ground,", "j8LqorJg10I-00108-00026919-00027063": "and look after our countryside because", "j8LqorJg10I-00109-00027063-00027272": "it's pretty fragile.", "j8LqorJg10I-00110-00027272-00027487": "That's a key component of our", "j8LqorJg10I-00111-00027487-00027760": "business but obviously very expensive.", "j8LqorJg10I-00112-00027760-00027936": "Component of the business for the fodder", "j8LqorJg10I-00113-00027936-00028143": "that we run through there.", "j8LqorJg10I-00114-00028143-00028407": "We shear eight monthly which really", "j8LqorJg10I-00115-00028407-00028600": "stuffs around the system, but if we go", "j8LqorJg10I-00116-00028600-00028856": "for that year, then we get too long", "j8LqorJg10I-00117-00028856-00029039": "and we have a real problem with staple", "j8LqorJg10I-00118-00029039-00029216": "strength, so we've gone to that eight", "j8LqorJg10I-00119-00029216-00029400": "monthly shearing just to make sure that", "j8LqorJg10I-00120-00029400-00029775": "we can maintain the staple strength.", "j8LqorJg10I-00121-00029775-00030016": "As jody said the other side of", "j8LqorJg10I-00122-00030016-00030192": "me is the Barossa Improved Grazing Group.", "j8LqorJg10I-00123-00030192-00030383": "I'm the executive officer", "j8LqorJg10I-00124-00030383-00030680": "so that's really helped to expand ideas", "j8LqorJg10I-00125-00030680-00030936": "particularly for the Barossa region.", "j8LqorJg10I-00126-00030936-00031112": "And also get involved with that", "j8LqorJg10I-00127-00031112-00031287": "with the networking and", "j8LqorJg10I-00128-00031287-00031480": "learning about lots of different ideas", "j8LqorJg10I-00129-00031480-00031651": "going on around the region.", "j8LqorJg10I-00130-00031863-00032143": "So one of the first things that we did,", "j8LqorJg10I-00131-00032143-00032560": "probably eight years ago. We took on a", "j8LqorJg10I-00132-00032560-00032895": "ram stud that we took on from somebody else.", "j8LqorJg10I-00133-00032895-00033207": "And that really got us into the eID space.", "j8LqorJg10I-00134-00033207-00033392": "We've since gotten out of that ram stud", "j8LqorJg10I-00135-00033392-00033560": "it was just way too much work for the", "j8LqorJg10I-00136-00033560-00033775": "amount of effort that we put in and we", "j8LqorJg10I-00137-00033775-00033904": "worked out we could actually make more", "j8LqorJg10I-00138-00033904-00034183": "from our commercial side of things.", "j8LqorJg10I-00139-00034183-00034368": "That as how we got", "j8LqorJg10I-00140-00034368-00034504": "into it we'd, certainly been looking at", "j8LqorJg10I-00141-00034504-00034775": "doing it for quite a while.", "j8LqorJg10I-00142-00034775-00034968": "But now we use", "j8LqorJg10I-00143-00034968-00035143": "these little tags here.", "j8LqorJg10I-00144-00035143-00035383": "This one's the eID tag", "j8LqorJg10I-00145-00035383-00035568": "there is a management tag that goes with", "j8LqorJg10I-00146-00035568-00035792": "that but we have since stopped using", "j8LqorJg10I-00147-00035792-00036000": "them because we didn't find that we", "j8LqorJg10I-00148-00036000-00036151": "needed to correlate both numbers and it", "j8LqorJg10I-00149-00036151-00036383": "was just too much information. So we just", "j8LqorJg10I-00150-00036383-00036639": "stick with the straight eID tag if they", "j8LqorJg10I-00151-00036639-00036831": "lose it that's just bad luck and we lose", "j8LqorJg10I-00152-00036831-00037087": "their information but in a commercial", "j8LqorJg10I-00153-00037087-00037239": "side of things we just don't worry too", "j8LqorJg10I-00154-00037239-00037543": "much about that that's just a bit of bad luck.", "j8LqorJg10I-00155-00037543-00037783": "This is a red", "j8LqorJg10I-00156-00037783-00038063": "tag ewe so she's a mated to a crossbred.", "j8LqorJg10I-00157-00038063-00038256": "We have found that we want to keep using", "j8LqorJg10I-00158-00038256-00038504": "that visual tag because you can see if", "j8LqorJg10I-00159-00038504-00038648": "the ewes in the mob without having to", "j8LqorJg10I-00160-00038648-00038856": "run them through the auto draft.", "j8LqorJg10I-00161-00038856-00039000": "We still find that that's really", "j8LqorJg10I-00162-00039000-00039119": "valuable", "j8LqorJg10I-00163-00039119-00039272": "because occasionally we'll get you know", "j8LqorJg10I-00164-00039272-00039463": "ewes jump in and out, and you can", "j8LqorJg10I-00165-00039463-00039639": "visually see straight away", "j8LqorJg10I-00166-00039639-00039856": "that there's a problem.", "j8LqorJg10I-00167-00039856-00040127": "So we use the eID tags.", "j8LqorJg10I-00168-00040127-00040360": "We do have an auto draft", "j8LqorJg10I-00169-00040360-00040672": "but we basically use it for weights", "j8LqorJg10I-00170-00040672-00040831": "particularly for our feedlot. We run", "j8LqorJg10I-00171-00040831-00040975": "through the crossbred wethers and our", "j8LqorJg10I-00172-00040975-00041295": "merino wethers now they all go through the feedlots.", "j8LqorJg10I-00173-00041295-00041592": "So we weigh the", "j8LqorJg10I-00174-00041592-00041895": "lambs at weaning", "j8LqorJg10I-00175-00041895-00042136": "and we get a growth", "j8LqorJg10I-00176-00042136-00042312": "rate for them pretty much through the", "j8LqorJg10I-00177-00042312-00042551": "time that the wethers are on the place.", "j8LqorJg10I-00178-00042551-00042783": "And also the ewe lambs, that's also", "j8LqorJg10I-00179-00042783-00042936": "become quite important. So we've been", "j8LqorJg10I-00180-00042936-00043216": "splitting mobs into fats and skinnies", "j8LqorJg10I-00181-00043216-00043536": "and then they run out across the", "j8LqorJg10I-00182-00043536-00043680": "improved pastures but obviously the", "j8LqorJg10I-00183-00043680-00043912": "skinnier ones get the better pastures.", "j8LqorJg10I-00184-00043912-00044072": "so that helps us.", "j8LqorJg10I-00185-00044072-00044239": "And later on down the track if we're", "j8LqorJg10I-00186-00044239-00044360": "looking to sell something we'll", "j8LqorJg10I-00187-00044360-00044536": "obviously sell off the bottom ones or", "j8LqorJg10I-00188-00044536-00044704": "the top ones depending on what the", "j8LqorJg10I-00189-00044704-00044856": "markets are doing so it just gives us", "j8LqorJg10I-00190-00044856-00045080": "that flexibility to really target what", "j8LqorJg10I-00191-00045080-00045192": "we're doing.", "j8LqorJg10I-00192-00045192-00045336": "And we've found it really beneficial for", "j8LqorJg10I-00193-00045336-00045495": "the ewe lambs as well because you've got the", "j8LqorJg10I-00194-00045495-00045648": "younger ones that are", "j8LqorJg10I-00195-00045648-00045895": "not putting on as much weight,", "j8LqorJg10I-00196-00045895-00046095": "so you can really push them by", "j8LqorJg10I-00197-00046095-00046272": "looking at their average daily gains and", "j8LqorJg10I-00198-00046272-00046456": "that sort of thing.", "j8LqorJg10I-00199-00046456-00046727": "We also use it for preg scanning.", "j8LqorJg10I-00200-00046727-00046887": "As Nathan was saying, making sure you get", "j8LqorJg10I-00201-00046887-00047063": "rid of those passengers", "j8LqorJg10I-00202-00047063-00047295": "our ewes are joined for five weeks,", "j8LqorJg10I-00203-00047295-00047712": "and anything that's dry goes off the place.", "j8LqorJg10I-00204-00047712-00047983": "And anything that doesn't rear a lamb, as", "j8LqorJg10I-00205-00047983-00048104": "we've brought a", "j8LqorJg10I-00206-00048104-00048224": "little bit more property, so we've been", "j8LqorJg10I-00207-00048224-00048416": "trying to build up our stocking numbers.", "j8LqorJg10I-00208-00048416-00048680": "So we've been keeping them on for a", "j8LqorJg10I-00209-00048680-00048848": "year, but we'll make sure that we've got", "j8LqorJg10I-00210-00048848-00048992": "the information recorded there. So if", "j8LqorJg10I-00211-00048992-00049119": "they come through again we know that", "j8LqorJg10I-00212-00049119-00049295": "they're twice haven't reared, so they're", "j8LqorJg10I-00213-00049295-00049536": "off the place as well.", "j8LqorJg10I-00214-00049536-00049843": "And we're also looking at doing", "j8LqorJg10I-00215-00049843-00050200": "early and late preg scanning this year.", "j8LqorJg10I-00216-00050200-00050416": "So we've got the ewes in containment.", "j8LqorJg10I-00217-00050416-00050600": "Rather than", "j8LqorJg10I-00218-00050600-00050783": "having to separate and have 50 million", "j8LqorJg10I-00219-00050783-00050904": "different mobs, if we've got the", "j8LqorJg10I-00220-00050904-00051127": "information in the eID tag, we'll know", "j8LqorJg10I-00221-00051127-00051367": "the earlies and lates. We'll be able", "j8LqorJg10I-00222-00051367-00051527": "to let the earlies out of containment a", "j8LqorJg10I-00223-00051527-00051815": "little bit earlier, three weeks earlier,", "j8LqorJg10I-00224-00051815-00052191": "and we'll be able to split them up that way.", "j8LqorJg10I-00225-00052191-00052408": "So we just do that. We use", "j8LqorJg10I-00226-00052408-00052648": "Cousins. Josh just puts the machine on", "j8LqorJg10I-00227-00052648-00052815": "the preg scanning machine and it just", "j8LqorJg10I-00228-00052815-00052972": "all does it really simply.", "j8LqorJg10I-00229-00052972-00053136": "You just have to make sure that you've got tags", "j8LqorJg10I-00230-00053136-00053303": "and everything. If there's one missing", "j8LqorJg10I-00231-00053303-00053455": "it stuffs him up a lot so he's got to be", "j8LqorJg10I-00232-00053455-00053655": "a bit careful about that.", "j8LqorJg10I-00233-00053655-00053832": "We use it for fleece weighing, we've", "j8LqorJg10I-00234-00053832-00053960": "developed a", "j8LqorJg10I-00235-00053960-00054151": "video with Sheep Connect SA,", "j8LqorJg10I-00236-00054151-00054415": "which is up on the web. So you can look", "j8LqorJg10I-00237-00054415-00054600": "at that but we use that for", "j8LqorJg10I-00238-00054600-00054712": "splitting up", "j8LqorJg10I-00239-00054712-00054887": "ewe hoggetts so putting them into either", "j8LqorJg10I-00240-00054887-00055312": "the crossbred mob or the merino mob or the culls.", "j8LqorJg10I-00241-00055312-00055520": "They get put into those respective mobs", "j8LqorJg10I-00242-00055520-00055720": "based on the fleece", "j8LqorJg10I-00243-00055720-00055951": "character and the sheep classing", "j8LqorJg10I-00244-00055951-00056160": "and then on the weight and then the", "j8LqorJg10I-00245-00056160-00056327": "fleece weight so that all sort of gets", "j8LqorJg10I-00246-00056327-00056520": "put together into a bit of an index that", "j8LqorJg10I-00247-00056520-00056848": "we use to separate them into our hoggets.", "j8LqorJg10I-00248-00056848-00057039": "We don't use that information, the fleece", "j8LqorJg10I-00249-00057039-00057263": "weight anymore but we probably should", "j8LqorJg10I-00250-00057263-00057432": "going further.", "j8LqorJg10I-00251-00057432-00057591": "Something that I think we need to look", "j8LqorJg10I-00252-00057591-00057767": "at with keeping some older ewes to keep", "j8LqorJg10I-00253-00057767-00058000": "building up our flock numbers.", "j8LqorJg10I-00254-00058000-00058232": "And then status, so as I said if", "j8LqorJg10I-00255-00058232-00058520": "they're twins or singles or if", "j8LqorJg10I-00256-00058520-00058775": "they've not reared a lamb", "j8LqorJg10I-00257-00058775-00058960": "then we put that all in there as", "j8LqorJg10I-00258-00058960-00059112": "well so we've got quite a bit of", "j8LqorJg10I-00259-00059112-00059287": "information in there.", "j8LqorJg10I-00260-00059287-00059975": "we use Tru-Test, XR, and also the panel reader.", "j8LqorJg10I-00261-00060044-00060275": "When we had the ram stud we had a", "j8LqorJg10I-00262-00060275-00060444": "computer-based program that sat in my", "j8LqorJg10I-00263-00060444-00060684": "laptop and then we bought the autodraft", "j8LqorJg10I-00264-00060684-00060836": "and I tried to get them all to speak to", "j8LqorJg10I-00265-00060836-00060996": "each other, I had mobs of sheep in the", "j8LqorJg10I-00266-00060996-00061163": "yards and I couldn't get anything to", "j8LqorJg10I-00267-00061163-00061324": "speak to each other on the phone and it", "j8LqorJg10I-00268-00061324-00061515": "was just horrible.", "j8LqorJg10I-00269-00061515-00061708": "Pressure from Dad going 'come on my we", "j8LqorJg10I-00270-00061708-00061987": "got this happening', so we just canned all", "j8LqorJg10I-00271-00061987-00062196": "of that and just went to the whole", "j8LqorJg10I-00272-00062196-00062412": "shebang with the same company. I think", "j8LqorJg10I-00273-00062412-00062636": "for us that was important with just one", "j8LqorJg10I-00274-00062636-00062963": "phone call to one person and they fix", "j8LqorJg10I-00275-00062963-00063227": "it all up. We've got the number for", "j8LqorJg10I-00276-00063227-00063508": "James Ellis and for Tru-Test in the box", "j8LqorJg10I-00277-00063508-00063651": "in the case,", "j8LqorJg10I-00278-00063651-00063827": "and anybody can pick up a phone call and", "j8LqorJg10I-00279-00063827-00064060": "call them and it's really, really helpful!", "j8LqorJg10I-00280-00064060-00064236": "Quite often it's such a little", "j8LqorJg10I-00281-00064236-00064387": "thing that you just can't work out and", "j8LqorJg10I-00282-00064387-00064515": "they'll just go 'you just have to push", "j8LqorJg10I-00283-00064515-00064715": "this button or you know put this", "j8LqorJg10I-00284-00064715-00065039": "input in there and it will work'.", "j8LqorJg10I-00285-00065039-00065475": "We've found it to be really beneficial", "j8LqorJg10I-00286-00065475-00065739": "I've got a little video. This is weighing our", "j8LqorJg10I-00287-00065739-00065972": "wether lambs the other day. So we've got", "j8LqorJg10I-00288-00065972-00066179": "a three-way draft.", "j8LqorJg10I-00289-00066179-00066403": "My husband made the v-race out the back", "j8LqorJg10I-00290-00066403-00066596": "here. It's a little bit short.", "j8LqorJg10I-00291-00066596-00066824": "I think it needs to be sort of two sheep long.", "j8LqorJg10I-00292-00066824-00067075": "rather than the one.", "j8LqorJg10I-00293-00067075-00067236": "This is just...", "j8LqorJg10I-00294-00067236-00067436": "animal runs in.", "j8LqorJg10I-00295-00067436-00067636": "Picks up the tag and then it's", "j8LqorJg10I-00296-00067636-00067924": "weighing based on flicking it out", "j8LqorJg10I-00297-00067924-00068155": "which way the weight goes.", "j8LqorJg10I-00298-00068155-00068339": "So this was just to take off the bottoms", "j8LqorJg10I-00299-00068339-00068675": "from our wether lambs that went off on the", "j8LqorJg10I-00300-00068675-00068908": "truck the other day.", "j8LqorJg10I-00301-00068908-00069100": "We chose this.", "j8LqorJg10I-00302-00069100-00069284": "It's an electronic system. It runs off a", "j8LqorJg10I-00303-00069284-00069379": "little", "j8LqorJg10I-00304-00069379-00069627": "12 volt battery at the top there.", "j8LqorJg10I-00305-00069627-00069860": "We chose it because it's light.", "j8LqorJg10I-00306-00069860-00070003": "We can move it in and out that's probably a", "j8LqorJg10I-00307-00070003-00070148": "problem with our system, that we have to", "j8LqorJg10I-00308-00070148-00070396": "move in and out a lot. But I can do it by", "j8LqorJg10I-00309-00070396-00070563": "myself and", "j8LqorJg10I-00310-00070563-00070700": "the other thing about the battery is", "j8LqorJg10I-00311-00070700-00070900": "that it's really, really quiet so you've", "j8LqorJg10I-00312-00070900-00071067": "got no air guns going off and all the", "j8LqorJg10I-00313-00071067-00071227": "rest of it. Just have to remember to", "j8LqorJg10I-00314-00071227-00071372": "charge the battery.", "j8LqorJg10I-00315-00071372-00071644": "Which is a bit of a problem sometimes.", "j8LqorJg10I-00316-00071644-00071924": "But it's a one-person job,", "j8LqorJg10I-00317-00071924-00072132": "it used to be a two-person job to", "j8LqorJg10I-00318-00072132-00072324": "draft the sheep, but I can do it by", "j8LqorJg10I-00319-00072324-00072427": "myself.", "j8LqorJg10I-00320-00072427-00072636": "The sheep get used to it, they run in", "j8LqorJg10I-00321-00072636-00072851": "and out really easily and yeah it's", "j8LqorJg10I-00322-00072851-00073275": "actually a very stressless job to do.", "j8LqorJg10I-00323-00073275-00073651": "We we really like it.", "j8LqorJg10I-00324-00073651-00073860": "And the next thing that we bought is", "j8LqorJg10I-00325-00073860-00074091": "the Combi Clamp. So we did this with", "j8LqorJg10I-00326-00074091-00074275": "we joined one of Chris's Livestock", "j8LqorJg10I-00327-00074275-00074539": "Enterprise Courses and", "j8LqorJg10I-00328-00074539-00074820": "got the money for the AgTech Rebate and", "j8LqorJg10I-00329-00074820-00075132": "purchased a Combi Clamp. I'll just", "j8LqorJg10I-00330-00075132-00075403": "show it. This is the ewes running through.", "j8LqorJg10I-00331-00075403-00075663": "We were vaccinating and drenching ewes", "j8LqorJg10I-00332-00075663-00075903": "into the feedlot yesterday.", "j8LqorJg10I-00333-00075903-00076096": "So my husband, Toby, standing on there.", "j8LqorJg10I-00334-00076096-00076312": "We're weighing them so we don't", "j8LqorJg10I-00335-00076312-00076400": "have a", "j8LqorJg10I-00336-00076400-00076567": "a stick reader there at the moment", "j8LqorJg10I-00337-00076567-00076696": "but in the past we have put a", "j8LqorJg10I-00338-00076696-00076936": "stick reader on it with lambs.", "j8LqorJg10I-00339-00077144-00077312": "We made sure that we got one with scales", "j8LqorJg10I-00340-00077312-00077575": "on it so we can do both practices at the", "j8LqorJg10I-00341-00077575-00077808": "same time.", "j8LqorJg10I-00342-00077808-00077975": "And everything else is just in that.", "j8LqorJg10I-00343-00077975-00078336": "We made sure also that we got", "j8LqorJg10I-00344-00078336-00078536": "the tray that holds everything. We had", "j8LqorJg10I-00345-00078536-00078703": "one in the past in a different business", "j8LqorJg10I-00346-00078703-00078872": "and we didn't get any of that stuff but", "j8LqorJg10I-00347-00078872-00079175": "it was really important to do it.", "j8LqorJg10I-00348-00079263-00079584": "So we find that it's really easy.", "j8LqorJg10I-00349-00079584-00079927": "It does take two people to do it because", "j8LqorJg10I-00350-00079927-00080120": "you have to stand on the thing to make", "j8LqorJg10I-00351-00080120-00080432": "it work. So if I'm out", "j8LqorJg10I-00352-00080432-00080591": "the back or bringing another mob of", "j8LqorJg10I-00353-00080591-00080800": "sheep up you have to sort of hop off and", "j8LqorJg10I-00354-00080800-00081000": "race up and follow the sheep up, so it's", "j8LqorJg10I-00355-00081000-00081232": "easier having two people. But yesterday", "j8LqorJg10I-00356-00081232-00081375": "he did do it for a little bit just with", "j8LqorJg10I-00357-00081375-00081527": "the good the dogs sitting at the back", "j8LqorJg10I-00358-00081527-00081824": "there for a bit without me.", "j8LqorJg10I-00359-00081824-00082136": "We can sort of do about 500", "j8LqorJg10I-00360-00082136-00082408": "in two hours yesterday.", "j8LqorJg10I-00361-00082408-00082663": "So they flick through reasonably quickly. We love", "j8LqorJg10I-00362-00082663-00082896": "using it for weaning, so the ewes and the", "j8LqorJg10I-00363-00082896-00083175": "lambs just come up in one pass,", "j8LqorJg10I-00364-00083175-00083344": "and that works really well. It takes a", "j8LqorJg10I-00365-00083344-00083496": "little bit longer but it's not stressful.", "j8LqorJg10I-00366-00083496-00083648": "You don't have lambs getting crushed in", "j8LqorJg10I-00367-00083648-00083879": "the race or anything like that.", "j8LqorJg10I-00368-00083879-00084072": "And we get growth rates on the lambs", "j8LqorJg10I-00369-00084072-00084351": "really easily. That works really,", "j8LqorJg10I-00370-00084351-00084667": "really well. It is a bit bulky and heavy", "j8LqorJg10I-00371-00084667-00084944": "it does take us sort of 10 to 15 minutes", "j8LqorJg10I-00372-00084944-00085248": "to put in with the way bars and everything.", "j8LqorJg10I-00373-00085248-00085408": "So again that's a problem, something that", "j8LqorJg10I-00374-00085408-00085536": "we need to look to", "j8LqorJg10I-00375-00085536-00085760": "incorporate everything into our yard,", "j8LqorJg10I-00376-00085760-00086127": "when we improve our yards, but it", "j8LqorJg10I-00377-00086127-00086448": "is again a very easy machine to use", "j8LqorJg10I-00378-00086448-00086655": "and there's no technology with it.", "j8LqorJg10I-00379-00086655-00086863": "Just standing, hopping on, hopping off.", "j8LqorJg10I-00380-00086863-00087103": "So yeah a really good one. We really like", "j8LqorJg10I-00381-00087103-00087312": "it as well.", "j8LqorJg10I-00382-00087312-00087479": "One other thing that we use in terms of", "j8LqorJg10I-00383-00087479-00087784": "AgTech is AgriWebb.", "j8LqorJg10I-00384-00087784-00088112": "A computer-based and phone-based", "j8LqorJg10I-00385-00088112-00088303": "sort of notebook.", "j8LqorJg10I-00386-00088303-00088591": "And we have had that since Toby and I've been", "j8LqorJg10I-00387-00088591-00088760": "managing the business for the last two", "j8LqorJg10I-00388-00088760-00088887": "or three years.", "j8LqorJg10I-00389-00088887-00089003": "And we really love it.", "j8LqorJg10I-00390-00089003-00089303": "My Dad and Toby and I we're all", "j8LqorJg10I-00391-00089303-00089567": "running the farm, so we're all inputting", "j8LqorJg10I-00392-00089567-00089760": "bits and pieces. And you get an idea of", "j8LqorJg10I-00393-00089760-00089991": "where everything is. I'm hopeless with", "j8LqorJg10I-00394-00089991-00090248": "numbers as well so it's at the tip of my", "j8LqorJg10I-00395-00090248-00090536": "on my phone looking at the livestock numbers.", "j8LqorJg10I-00396-00090536-00090815": "Paddock hectares, all the rest of it.", "j8LqorJg10I-00397-00090815-00091160": "This is just a map of our farm so you've got,", "j8LqorJg10I-00398-00091160-00091432": "all the paddocks. These green bits", "j8LqorJg10I-00399-00091432-00091672": "are sort of the vegetation areas.", "j8LqorJg10I-00400-00091672-00091855": "We've got all our pipelines. So we drive", "j8LqorJg10I-00401-00091855-00092079": "along and map up the pipeline, so we know", "j8LqorJg10I-00402-00092079-00092232": "and then if somebody else comes onto the", "j8LqorJg10I-00403-00092232-00092400": "place they know.", "j8LqorJg10I-00404-00092400-00092544": "One other thing I found the other day is baits.", "j8LqorJg10I-00405-00092544-00092744": "We've done fox baiting and now", "j8LqorJg10I-00406-00092744-00092920": "everybody knows where the fox baits are.", "j8LqorJg10I-00407-00092920-00093112": "Dad used to do it and we had no idea", "j8LqorJg10I-00408-00093112-00093303": "where anything was. It was a bit scary so", "j8LqorJg10I-00409-00093303-00093455": "that's a really beneficial thing that", "j8LqorJg10I-00410-00093455-00093639": "we've used. I just took a photo of it and", "j8LqorJg10I-00411-00093639-00093791": "sent it to everybody and just said this", "j8LqorJg10I-00412-00093791-00093987": "is where the fox baits are.", "j8LqorJg10I-00413-00093987-00094360": "Really, really good. Really easy", "j8LqorJg10I-00414-00094360-00094600": "to use once you work out how to use it.", "j8LqorJg10I-00415-00094600-00094832": "Just basically flicking things where it", "j8LqorJg10I-00416-00094832-00095024": "needs to go. We also use it for weed", "j8LqorJg10I-00417-00095024-00095215": "management. So a lot of the time if we're", "j8LqorJg10I-00418-00095215-00095360": "riding through the paddock we'll find", "j8LqorJg10I-00419-00095360-00095520": "we've got silverleaf nightshade in a lot", "j8LqorJg10I-00420-00095520-00095751": "of little spots, just little isolated", "j8LqorJg10I-00421-00095751-00095896": "plants. If you're riding through the", "j8LqorJg10I-00422-00095896-00096136": "paddock you just stop you map it", "j8LqorJg10I-00423-00096136-00096384": "right where you are, and you know", "j8LqorJg10I-00424-00096384-00096536": "that either you can come back and find", "j8LqorJg10I-00425-00096536-00096672": "it or someone else can come back and", "j8LqorJg10I-00426-00096672-00096920": "find it when they're spraying.", "j8LqorJg10I-00427-00096920-00097063": "The other really beneficial thing that I", "j8LqorJg10I-00428-00097063-00097239": "use it for is treatment. So when you're", "j8LqorJg10I-00429-00097239-00097479": "filling out your NVD you've got, you can", "j8LqorJg10I-00430-00097479-00097687": "just flick onto the mob look through and", "j8LqorJg10I-00431-00097687-00097912": "find exactly when you", "j8LqorJg10I-00432-00097912-00098120": "drenched or vaccinated or treated those", "j8LqorJg10I-00433-00098120-00098296": "animals and with the dates. So you've got", "j8LqorJg10I-00434-00098296-00098463": "all that information there. And shearing", "j8LqorJg10I-00435-00098463-00098624": "you can work out exactly when the date", "j8LqorJg10I-00436-00098624-00098851": "was, put it all on there.", "j8LqorJg10I-00437-00098851-00099220": "It's very, very easy tool to use.", "j8LqorJg10I-00438-00099220-00099320": "And we've got it everywhere.", "j8LqorJg10I-00439-00099320-00099584": "There are a lot more", "j8LqorJg10I-00440-00099584-00099736": "reports and things that you can do in it,", "j8LqorJg10I-00441-00099736-00099920": "that I haven't really played with too", "j8LqorJg10I-00442-00099920-00100224": "much yet. I have just started", "j8LqorJg10I-00443-00100224-00100479": "using it for a little bit of pasture management.", "j8LqorJg10I-00444-00100479-00100679": "But I haven't delved into that too", "j8LqorJg10I-00445-00100679-00100896": "much at the moment. We're still on just a", "j8LqorJg10I-00446-00100896-00101103": "very basic plan, this is basically all we", "j8LqorJg10I-00447-00101103-00101272": "use it for. There's other bits and pieces", "j8LqorJg10I-00448-00101272-00101432": "that you can use it for, but we haven't", "j8LqorJg10I-00449-00101432-00101639": "really found any benefit in that for us", "j8LqorJg10I-00450-00101639-00101872": "as our business.", "j8LqorJg10I-00451-00101872-00102087": "Oh sorry one other bit,", "j8LqorJg10I-00452-00102087-00102360": "before I started with AgriWebb, there's", "j8LqorJg10I-00453-00102360-00102679": "also a program called Nature Maps on", "j8LqorJg10I-00454-00102679-00102824": "just on the web.", "j8LqorJg10I-00455-00102824-00103031": "It's an SA based", "j8LqorJg10I-00456-00103031-00103200": "program that you can go in and you can", "j8LqorJg10I-00457-00103200-00103359": "do a lot of measuring. If you can find", "j8LqorJg10I-00458-00103359-00103535": "your property. I've also found that", "j8LqorJg10I-00459-00103535-00103831": "really beneficial. So it brings up", "j8LqorJg10I-00460-00103831-00104007": "all the different cadastral information", "j8LqorJg10I-00461-00104007-00104303": "and that's really beneficial too.", "j8LqorJg10I-00462-00104303-00104479": "And one other thing in terms of pasture", "j8LqorJg10I-00463-00104479-00104768": "management. So we saw 150 ha of", "j8LqorJg10I-00464-00104768-00104935": "sort of forage", "j8LqorJg10I-00465-00104935-00105216": "pastures with cereals and ryegrasses and", "j8LqorJg10I-00466-00105216-00105431": "clovers. Trying to extend our grazing", "j8LqorJg10I-00467-00105431-00105600": "years so we have early mid and late", "j8LqorJg10I-00468-00105600-00105783": "varieties all in one.", "j8LqorJg10I-00469-00105783-00105951": "And I use a plate meter. So I did a", "j8LqorJg10I-00470-00105951-00106135": "pasture principles course and that plate", "j8LqorJg10I-00471-00106135-00106375": "meter has been fantastic. I go out every", "j8LqorJg10I-00472-00106375-00106488": "Monday", "j8LqorJg10I-00473-00106488-00106807": "do 10 or 15 plonks.", "j8LqorJg10I-00474-00106807-00106968": "In every one of our pastures and then", "j8LqorJg10I-00475-00106968-00107151": "that helps me set up the rotations for", "j8LqorJg10I-00476-00107151-00107351": "the you know a week or two weeks and", "j8LqorJg10I-00477-00107351-00107568": "gives me a good idea about", "j8LqorJg10I-00478-00107568-00107911": "how much, how many kilos are in there", "j8LqorJg10I-00479-00107911-00108127": "in the pasture. So that's another really", "j8LqorJg10I-00480-00108127-00108368": "beneficial tool as well. it sort of cost", "j8LqorJg10I-00481-00108368-00108616": "about $800 I think but the", "j8LqorJg10I-00482-00108616-00108783": "amount that I use it and just so that", "j8LqorJg10I-00483-00108783-00109064": "you know definitely how many kilos", "j8LqorJg10I-00484-00109064-00109200": "you've got in front of you rather than", "j8LqorJg10I-00485-00109200-00109344": "just guessing.", "j8LqorJg10I-00486-00109344-00109500": "I'm not very good at guessing.", "j8LqorJg10I-00487-00109500-00109735": "One other thing we've got is we're", "j8LqorJg10I-00488-00109735-00110040": "looking at using the CIBO labs which is a", "j8LqorJg10I-00489-00110040-00110375": "remote sensing to tell you how many", "j8LqorJg10I-00490-00110375-00110559": "kilos of pasture you've got. So we're doing", "j8LqorJg10I-00491-00110559-00110688": "that through BIGG, so that'll be", "j8LqorJg10I-00492-00110688-00110872": "interesting to see how that goes rather", "j8LqorJg10I-00493-00110872-00111031": "than having to plonk it, go out there and", "j8LqorJg10I-00494-00111031-00111207": "plonk it.", "j8LqorJg10I-00495-00111207-00111383": "Two other things that we use in our", "j8LqorJg10I-00496-00111383-00111648": "business, Xero and Figured. Fantastic", "j8LqorJg10I-00497-00111648-00111911": "budgeting and financial tools.", "j8LqorJg10I-00498-00111911-00112175": "I wouldn't be able to run our business", "j8LqorJg10I-00499-00112175-00112383": "without it and it was kind of a handover", "j8LqorJg10I-00500-00112383-00112679": "of Dad handing over to me and I just", "j8LqorJg10I-00501-00112679-00112824": "took it and ran with it. It was a", "j8LqorJg10I-00502-00112824-00113000": "really easy handover.", "j8LqorJg10I-00503-00113000-00113264": "And I use it for tracking livestock and", "j8LqorJg10I-00504-00113264-00113488": "once you get your", "j8LqorJg10I-00505-00113488-00113640": "head around it, it probably takes three", "j8LqorJg10I-00506-00113640-00113824": "months of really using it flat out to", "j8LqorJg10I-00507-00113824-00113944": "get your head around it. But now that", "j8LqorJg10I-00508-00113944-00114096": "I've got my head around it it's", "j8LqorJg10I-00509-00114096-00114375": "fantastic. I absolutely love it.", "j8LqorJg10I-00510-00114375-00114568": "And these are just a couple of ideas", "j8LqorJg10I-00511-00114568-00114711": "that we really want to get involved with", "j8LqorJg10I-00512-00114711-00114975": "in the future. Water monitoring. Big water", "j8LqorJg10I-00513-00114975-00115175": "problems out our way with all of our", "j8LqorJg10I-00514-00115175-00115359": "dams drying up.", "j8LqorJg10I-00515-00115359-00115648": "And big reticulation systems. So getting some", "j8LqorJg10I-00516-00115648-00115792": "flow meters and water monitoring", "j8LqorJg10I-00517-00115792-00116079": "information would be really beneficial.", "j8LqorJg10I-00518-00116079-00116279": "Flock profiling: for our sheep flock.", "j8LqorJg10I-00519-00116279-00116464": "we're about to start buying rams again", "j8LqorJg10I-00520-00116464-00116640": "so being able to benchmark where we're", "j8LqorJg10I-00521-00116640-00116824": "at and improving that.", "j8LqorJg10I-00522-00116824-00117007": "Sheep yards: shearing shed, all on the", "j8LqorJg10I-00523-00117007-00117192": "wish list obviously. We're running sort", "j8LqorJg10I-00524-00117192-00117472": "of 50 year old yards and 100-200 year", "j8LqorJg10I-00525-00117472-00117696": "old shearing shed at the moment.", "j8LqorJg10I-00526-00117696-00117903": "Virtual fencing: will be a game changer", "j8LqorJg10I-00527-00117903-00118096": "for our business when that all comes in", "j8LqorJg10I-00528-00118096-00118383": "for sheep. It'll be fantastic.", "j8LqorJg10I-00529-00118383-00118527": "I cannot wait for that to happen, we'll be", "j8LqorJg10I-00530-00118527-00118783": "able to just monitor our grazing,", "j8LqorJg10I-00531-00118783-00118992": "particularly throughout our hills.", "j8LqorJg10I-00532-00118992-00119168": "And walk over weighing.", "j8LqorJg10I-00533-00119168-00119327": "My husband wants all the information", "j8LqorJg10I-00534-00119327-00119479": "from the wethers all the time but when", "j8LqorJg10I-00535-00119479-00119592": "you bring them into the yards that", "j8LqorJg10I-00536-00119592-00119751": "obviously", "j8LqorJg10I-00537-00119751-00119944": "it takes a couple of kilos off each time so", "j8LqorJg10I-00538-00119944-00120159": "that would be really beneficial.", "j8LqorJg10I-00539-00120159-00120368": "Thank you", "j8LqorJg10I-00540-00120368-00120488": "[Applause]", "j8LqorJg10I-00541-00120488-00120683": "[Music]", "j8LqorJg10I-00542-00120683-00121520": "[Captions - esmedia.com.au]"}}, {"audio_id": "j8VhPxgrdOE", "text": {"j8VhPxgrdOE-00000-00000008-00000552": "you guys have no idea how many raffles i have to enter just to get this babies you get me", "j8VhPxgrdOE-00001-00001296-00001680": "but before we start the unboxing i just want to say thank you to all the people who's been", "j8VhPxgrdOE-00002-00001680-00002144": "watching my channel and tuning in i appreciate you so much guys i've been away in the sneaker", "j8VhPxgrdOE-00003-00002144-00002600": "game for so long but since lap down last year i started collecting again and i've", "j8VhPxgrdOE-00004-00002600-00003152": "noticed that the sneaker game is so different now there's a lot of bots it's hard to even", "j8VhPxgrdOE-00005-00003152-00003688": "cup those easy cups that used to happen before you know i've been taking else like sheffield", "j8VhPxgrdOE-00006-00003688-00004448": "united lately but i think my luck is changing on 2021 because we got a w fam we got a w", "j8VhPxgrdOE-00007-00004448-00005064": "this is my first ever done this year and this is the colorway i really wanted out of the whole pack", "j8VhPxgrdOE-00008-00005064-00005576": "and i'm really excited to show this to you and let's unbox it together so this is my first ever", "j8VhPxgrdOE-00009-00005576-00006208": "win in snickers and stuff and this came all the way from sweden so it's super sweet and it took", "j8VhPxgrdOE-00010-00006208-00006800": "so long i think it's almost a week because of brexit from there's so many delays when it comes", "j8VhPxgrdOE-00011-00006800-00007376": "to goods coming in in the country and sneakers are also one of them so let's do this unboxing guys", "j8VhPxgrdOE-00012-00007600-00008048": "drum roll yo i got it in one go this time", "j8VhPxgrdOE-00013-00008496-00009240": "just do it typical nike box and we have white paper inside are the shoes fam", "j8VhPxgrdOE-00014-00009336-00010064": "wow wow wow look at that one yo what do you think of these babies so this came out on january 14", "j8VhPxgrdOE-00015-00010064-00010640": "2021 along with other dance there's some dank laws which are the red and gray ones", "j8VhPxgrdOE-00016-00010640-00011168": "the unlv and the black ones but the black ones are delay and they're coming tomorrow i think", "j8VhPxgrdOE-00017-00011168-00011624": "there's so many downs releasing that day they're calling it the dunk day for some other people", "j8VhPxgrdOE-00018-00011624-00012144": "it's the l day because they've been losing just like me but like i said i'm lucky with this one", "j8VhPxgrdOE-00019-00012144-00012744": "so let's look at the details of the shoe it's a very simple color blocking using only three colors", "j8VhPxgrdOE-00020-00012744-00013408": "but it's really really sick so let's start with the soul nothing crazy it's a typical down sb soul", "j8VhPxgrdOE-00021-00013408-00013952": "similar to jordan ones as well yeah you heard that right guys i said jordan once if you see there's", "j8VhPxgrdOE-00022-00013952-00014584": "a lot of similarities because it's the same team that designed the jordan one in 1985 it's also the", "j8VhPxgrdOE-00023-00014584-00015263": "same team who designed the nike sb's so we have a white leather toe box which is kind of smooth with", "j8VhPxgrdOE-00024-00015263-00015952": "preparations and then on the toe guard we have the blue or baby blue whatever you want to call it or", "j8VhPxgrdOE-00025-00015952-00016560": "coast and in the middle side of the shoe we have the baby blue tick or the nike logo we also have a", "j8VhPxgrdOE-00026-00016560-00017152": "white midsole and at the back of the shoe we have the nike writing stitch in gold and we have this", "j8VhPxgrdOE-00027-00017152-00017808": "baby blue panel running all the way from the top of the ice day all the way around the hill cup i", "j8VhPxgrdOE-00028-00017808-00018296": "think that's one of the major difference when it comes to jordan ones inside of the shoe we", "j8VhPxgrdOE-00029-00018296-00018856": "have a gold or yellow insole and you have the nike logo written in baby blue it's also baby", "j8VhPxgrdOE-00030-00018856-00019480": "blue padding inside and they have extra padding also have a leather i stay which is in baby blue", "j8VhPxgrdOE-00031-00019480-00020032": "and we have a baby blue laces it's a lot of baby blue there fam also has a white tongue and on the", "j8VhPxgrdOE-00032-00020032-00020576": "top of the tongue we have the baby blue label and the nike logo written in gold and we also", "j8VhPxgrdOE-00033-00020576-00021080": "have the gold lace tips so that's it really when it comes to the shoes they're super simple and", "j8VhPxgrdOE-00034-00021080-00021728": "super clean one of the most sought after downs in 2021 and i must say i really like them that's it", "j8VhPxgrdOE-00035-00021728-00022192": "for the detailed look let's talk about the resale prediction of the shoe like i said i got the shoes", "j8VhPxgrdOE-00036-00022192-00022808": "from sneakers and stuff and it cost me 96 pounds including delivery and according to stockx the", "j8VhPxgrdOE-00037-00022808-00023616": "resale value of the shoe flat weights around 230 to 340 pounds so you already have a profit if you", "j8VhPxgrdOE-00038-00023616-00024144": "want to sell the shoes that's why it's such a sought after shoe because of the resale value", "j8VhPxgrdOE-00039-00024144-00024824": "if you guys check the recent load dunk releases all of them are going up in value so i assume this", "j8VhPxgrdOE-00040-00024824-00025432": "will do the same as well so rest assured guys your money is safe even if you want to keep them on the", "j8VhPxgrdOE-00041-00025432-00025912": "long run but like i said if you want to resell your pair right now you already know building", "j8VhPxgrdOE-00042-00025912-00026488": "up your money so happy days to you guys to all the resellers out there but really these are so clean", "j8VhPxgrdOE-00043-00026488-00027152": "and i really like them and let me know if you guys hop or you've been taking else just like me so", "j8VhPxgrdOE-00044-00027152-00027639": "hopefully your luck will change there's gonna be a lot of releases this year we're only on january", "j8VhPxgrdOE-00045-00027639-00029583": "so don't lose hope soon you're gonna have a w just like me guys so this is asiatic signing out peace", "j8VhPxgrdOE-00046-00029856-00029864": "you"}}, {"audio_id": "j8Y3Oo45GGk", "text": {"j8Y3Oo45GGk-00000-00000069-00000496": "It’s a journey through Australia’s past and the history of its people, from the 1800s to", "j8Y3Oo45GGk-00001-00000498-00000574": "the present.", "j8Y3Oo45GGk-00003-00000601-00001034": "The old Customs House building in Melbourne is home to Australia’s largest immigration", "j8Y3Oo45GGk-00004-00001036-00001126": "museum.", "j8Y3Oo45GGk-00007-00001166-00001579": "This is where visitors can hear stories about people from all over the world, who’ve", "j8Y3Oo45GGk-00008-00001581-00001901": "migrated to Australia during the past 200 years.", "j8Y3Oo45GGk-00011-00001941-00002460": "It’s an opportunity for Australians to learn about our history and our national", "j8Y3Oo45GGk-00012-00002462-00002580": "identity.", "j8Y3Oo45GGk-00013-00002582-00002958": "Immigration has shaped Australia’s identity.", "j8Y3Oo45GGk-00014-00002960-00003483": "People who have migrated have brought their culture and customs, and that’s really", "j8Y3Oo45GGk-00015-00003485-00004015": "changed and sculpted the face of Australia and who we are today.", "j8Y3Oo45GGk-00017-00004045-00004413": "The museum re-creates the real-life stories of people who have made the long journey to", "j8Y3Oo45GGk-00018-00004415-00004938": "a new life in Australia, through a rich mix of moving images, memories and memorabilia.", "j8Y3Oo45GGk-00019-00004940-00005423": "The range of exhibitions includes personal stories, community galleries and a timeline", "j8Y3Oo45GGk-00020-00005425-00005599": "of Australian migration history.", "j8Y3Oo45GGk-00023-00005641-00006131": "There is also information on how people travelled to Australia, so we have a replica of", "j8Y3Oo45GGk-00024-00006133-00006293": "a ship that you can walk through.", "j8Y3Oo45GGk-00026-00006322-00006693": "From the reasons people made the long the journey to Australia, to their moment of", "j8Y3Oo45GGk-00027-00006695-00007195": "arrival in a strange new country, and the impact on indigenous communities, exhibitions", "j8Y3Oo45GGk-00028-00007198-00007468": "examine the many dimensions of migration.", "j8Y3Oo45GGk-00029-00007470-00008067": "Australia has relied on immigration to nation-build and populate the country for the", "j8Y3Oo45GGk-00030-00008198-00008625": "past 200 years, so the museum looks at reasons why people migrate, their motivation, we", "j8Y3Oo45GGk-00031-00008627-00008940": "also look at personal stories.", "j8Y3Oo45GGk-00034-00008998-00009260": "2009 is a particularly appropriate time to visit.", "j8Y3Oo45GGk-00037-00009318-00009658": "This year Australia celebrates the 60th anniversary of citizenship.", "j8Y3Oo45GGk-00039-00009688-00010236": "Since 1949, more than four million people have chosen to become Australian citizens.", "j8Y3Oo45GGk-00042-00010298-00010713": "It’s a great place to learn about citizenship, we have lots of information.", "j8Y3Oo45GGk-00043-00010715-00011048": "Citizenship and migration are intrinsically linked.", "j8Y3Oo45GGk-00045-00011090-00011658": "The Immigration Museum is located in Melbourne's CBD, and is open daily."}}, {"audio_id": "j9wKJw3eIEM", "text": {"j9wKJw3eIEM-00000-00000056-00000752": "Study online! Record a video in a Canvas Discussion on your smartphone.", "j9wKJw3eIEM-00001-00000936-00001439": "1. Go to your Canvas student app.", "j9wKJw3eIEM-00002-00001439-00001848": "2. Tap Modules.", "j9wKJw3eIEM-00003-00002336-00003086": "3. Tap the Canvas Discussion.", "j9wKJw3eIEM-00004-00003086-00003496": "4. Tap Reply.", "j9wKJw3eIEM-00005-00003952-00004416": "5. Tap View More to read the instructions.", "j9wKJw3eIEM-00006-00005016-00005784": "6. Tap Message.", "j9wKJw3eIEM-00007-00005928-00006528": "7. Move the toolbar to the left to see the camera icon.", "j9wKJw3eIEM-00008-00007000-00007280": "8. Tap the camera icon.", "j9wKJw3eIEM-00009-00007648-00008684": "9. Tap the circle to change your camera view", "j9wKJw3eIEM-00010-00008684-00009248": "10. Tap the red button and speak.", "j9wKJw3eIEM-00011-00009952-00010376": "11. Tap the red button to stop recording.", "j9wKJw3eIEM-00012-00010968-00011384": "12. Tap Use Video.", "j9wKJw3eIEM-00013-00012008-00012784": "13. Tap Send.", "j9wKJw3eIEM-00014-00013032-00013880": "Good job! You know how to record a video in a Canvas Discussion on your phone."}}, {"audio_id": "jq6_kG3in1Q", "text": {"jq6_kG3in1Q-00000-00000550-00000626": "Just because I'm", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00001-00000626-00000983": "discussing violence and have a bias on it does not mean I condone it.", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00002-00001036-00001350": "This video's content about violence is for educational purposes.", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00003-00001380-00001676": "It is not meant to be looked at as a means to further violence.", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00004-00001780-00002020": "There seems to be a common misconception that just", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00005-00002020-00002296": "because you use violence, your cause is suddenly less noble.", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00006-00002326-00002753": "That if you weren't pulling a martin Luther King Jr or a Gandhi, why bother?", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00007-00002813-00003110": "And while I could go over, why such nonviolent forms of protest", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00008-00003110-00003320": "are ineffective, that is for another video.", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00009-00003350-00003660": "In this video, however, I'm going over political violence,", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00010-00003660-00003990": "specifically the difference between left and right wing extremist violence.", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00011-00004050-00004456": "First of all, violence will always be part of politics because it's not about", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00012-00004456-00004820": "whether or not you use violence, but instead who you permit to use it.", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00013-00004863-00005120": "For an authorian, this might be the police or the state.", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00014-00005156-00005443": "For anarchists, this would be protesters, militias and the like.", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00015-00005496-00005846": "No matter if it's consciously or not, yours and everyone else's politics", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00016-00005846-00006160": "permit the use of violence to some group or peoples that are preferred.", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00017-00006200-00006546": "The details of political violence can vary based on political affiliation.", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00018-00006609-00006973": "Right wing extremist violence goes after groups of people whom have characteristics", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00019-00006973-00007133": "that cannot be changed.", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00020-00007133-00007480": "This can include LGBTQ people, ethnic minorities, and women.", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00021-00007543-00007923": "It should be said that the reason such people are targeted is because of fascism.", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00022-00007963-00008243": "Characteristically, fascism will firstly target non-whites;", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00023-00008290-00008416": "some examples of this targeting", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00024-00008416-00008816": "of non-whites includes the Trail of Tears, putting Japanese-Americans and Mexican", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00025-00008816-00008970": "asylum seekers in concentration", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00026-00008970-00009283": "camps, and discriminate incarceration of people of color.", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00027-00009356-00009800": "After such nonwhite specific violence, fascists then move on to LGBTQ+ people.", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00028-00009833-00009933": "The lavender scare", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00029-00009933-00010273": "and shaming of homosexuals under Nazi Germany are examples of this.", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00030-00010346-00010650": "While the toll of right wing violence is more than I can go over in this video,", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00031-00010673-00010940": "the more general metric I want to look at here is lethality.", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00032-00010996-00011320": "I've already said in previous videos that right wing extremist violence has", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00033-00011320-00011683": "accounted for around two thirds of all extremist fatalities in the United States.", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00034-00011703-00011970": "But what's even more interesting is that in 2018,", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00035-00011993-00012356": "the far right accounted for all extremist fatalities in the U.S.", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00036-00012390-00012733": "and that really goes over the two problems of right wing extremist violence:", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00037-00012766-00012866": "high fatalities", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00038-00012866-00013186": "and their tendency to go after groups with characteristics they cannot change.", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00039-00013250-00013346": "Now, at this point,", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00040-00013346-00013650": "you've probably heard of left wing extremist violence because of Antifa,", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00041-00013680-00013769": "and that seems to have turned", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00042-00013769-00014023": "a lot of people off from the left because they instantly equivocate", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00043-00014023-00014333": "their violence with the right wing trying to make the claim that if right wing", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00044-00014333-00014669": "violence is bad, then left wing violence is just as bad, right?", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00045-00014716-00014900": "Well, not exactly.", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00046-00014900-00015216": "As I said before, all politics use violence in one way or another.", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00047-00015250-00015510": "It's the characteristics of said violence that are important.", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00048-00015546-00015719": "Firstly, let's go over fatalities.", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00049-00015719-00016080": "If we go to the graph I showed earlier, we can see that the left made up 3% of", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00050-00016080-00016470": "all fatalities in the same time period, meaning that left wing extremist violence", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00051-00016470-00016863": "had a fatality rate of almost 24 times less than right wing extremist violence.", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00052-00016910-00017063": "The other characteristic that makes leftwing", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00053-00017063-00017283": "violence different is who they go after.", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00054-00017283-00017506": "Unlike extremist right wing violence, leftist", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00055-00017506-00017853": "violence goes after groups of people for characteristics they can change,", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00056-00017883-00018253": "such as bigoted or fascist rhetoric and placement on the capitalist hierarchy.", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00057-00018300-00018576": "Additionally, leftist violence is usually used as a defense", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00058-00018576-00018870": "against right wing violence that is being used as an offense.", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00059-00018916-00019160": "For instance, Antifa saved the lives of many people,", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00060-00019160-00019693": "including some religious figures during Unite the Right in Charlottesville.", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00061-00020040-00020183": "Anyways, it's about time I", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00062-00020183-00020556": "make a part two to my video “Left vs Right Wing Extremist Violence”.", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00063-00020576-00020763": "Some of you didn't seem to like the first part.", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00064-00020763-00021216": "Now that what I've said since 2019 has become more obvious recently in 2020,", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00065-00021216-00021480": "this is exactly what I will be going over in this video.", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00066-00021486-00021553": "In part one,", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00067-00021553-00021913": "the main point I wanted to make was about how all politics are in some form", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00068-00021913-00022223": "about violence, and that the immensely lethal violence of the right", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00069-00022240-00022540": "does not compare to the more protective violence of the left.", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00070-00022573-00022850": "That video happened to be a bit more controversial than the other content", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00071-00022850-00023040": "I was uploading at the time, which I assume is", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00072-00023040-00023373": "because it was harder for people to believe my points back in 2019", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00073-00023373-00023513": "when I posted the video.", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00074-00023513-00023896": "Now, being in the 2020s, the decade where all the quiet things are said out", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00075-00023896-00024196": "loud, I'd like to highlight the rhetoric of the far right as of recent", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00076-00024210-00024530": "that has made my points in part one just that much more obvious.", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00077-00024543-00024610": "If it was hard", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00078-00024610-00024926": "for people to believe that the far right could be more lethal than the far left,", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00079-00024926-00025120": "I think it is only appropriate that we go over", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00080-00025120-00025330": "what the different sides think about violence.", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00081-00025353-00025630": "You see, when a right winger has access to a means for violence,", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00082-00025653-00025750": "their thoughts usually tend", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00083-00025750-00026156": "to veer towards fantasies of vigilantism and killing their political opponents.", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00084-00026160-00026363": "This has become very obvious in an infamous", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00085-00026366-00026663": "turning Point USA Convention, where one of the viewers asked", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00086-00026663-00026936": "a pretty ballsy question of the presenter, Charlie Kirk.", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00087-00027016-00027270": "But I want to ask you something a little bit out of the ordinary,", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00088-00027370-00027733": "so prepare yourself.", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00089-00027763-00028213": "At this point, we're living under a corporate and medical fascism.", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00090-00028256-00028446": "This is tyranny.", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00091-00028446-00028683": "When do we get to use the guns?", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00092-00028706-00028973": "No, and no I'm not - that's not a joke.", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00093-00028973-00029089": "I'm not saying it like that.", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00094-00029089-00029300": "I mean, literally, where's the line?", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00095-00029303-00029643": "How many elections are they going to steal before we kill these people?", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00096-00029643-00030086": "Now, Charlie Kirk walks this back, obviously, as a political grifter,", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00097-00030086-00030180": "he has to.", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00098-00030180-00030426": "Or else he threatens legal action or getting on a government", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00099-00030426-00030600": "watch list or some shit like that.", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00100-00030600-00030903": "Notice, however, the way he walks this back: saying that aggression", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00101-00030903-00031226": "is something the left wants right wingers to do to make them look bad.", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00102-00031246-00031630": "I find this point absolutely hilarious because what's really happening", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00103-00031630-00031843": "is entirely contrary to this point.", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00104-00031846-00032130": "It is not the left trying to agitate the right to make them look bad.", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00105-00032130-00032430": "Moreover, the recent politics of the right has been formed in a way", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00106-00032430-00032580": "to get the right wing angry.", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00107-00032580-00032763": "They're more politically invested that way.", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00108-00032763-00032933": "And when they're more politically invested,", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00109-00032933-00032970": "they play", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00110-00032970-00033330": "very neatly into the hands of grifters who want to make money or gain power", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00111-00033343-00033760": "off of the Qanon movement, the far right, the three percenters, etc., etc..", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00112-00033780-00034106": "Now, I don't personally believe that Charlie Kirk pushes violence", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00113-00034106-00034320": "as much as some of his other right wing counterparts,", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00114-00034320-00034646": "but they do play on the same team and he's doing public damage control", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00115-00034646-00034723": "in this interview.", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00116-00034723-00035116": "Its purpose, at least at that moment, was to clean up his colleagues mess.", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00117-00035116-00035276": "Unsuccessfully, of course.", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00118-00035276-00035700": "Nobody, not that I know of, is buying his backtracking rhetoric in that clip.", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00119-00035750-00036083": "So what do I mean when I say the far right has been pushing a more aggressive", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00120-00036083-00036243": "and anger inducing agenda?", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00121-00036243-00036530": "Well, firstly, there was the focus on the Kyle Rittenhouse trial.", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00122-00036533-00036796": "I'm not going to go over the exact details for the sake of brevity,", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00123-00036796-00036993": "but Kyle Rittenhouse was a teenager who had killed", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00124-00036993-00037203": "multiple people with a rifle he’d brought over", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00125-00037203-00037520": "state lines, claiming self-defense being the reason for his murder.", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00126-00037523-00037823": "A lot of the right at the time was watching the case intently, hiding", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00127-00037823-00038070": "behind the thin veneer of being pro-Second Amendment,", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00128-00038070-00038280": "which I imagine some believed in good faith.", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00129-00038280-00038376": "But considering what", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00130-00038376-00038693": "I've seen of the far right's violence, the smelled more like coded language", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00131-00038693-00039010": "given to them by more extreme right wingers to develop a good faith", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00132-00039010-00039263": "sounding argument to cover for Rittenhouse’s activities.", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00133-00039266-00039450": "When Rittenhouse was eventually found innocent", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00134-00039450-00039740": "on all charges, users on the right wing forum, “The Donald", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00135-00039760-00040046": "dot Win” found it as a precedent to kill without consequences.", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00136-00040050-00040463": "Meanwhile, the Proud Boys called for stacking up bodies like cordwood", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00137-00040470-00040570": "after the verdict.", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00138-00040570-00040870": "They were even right wingers outside a courthouse cosplaying as Rittenhouse", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00139-00040873-00041066": "not too long after the verdict as well.", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00140-00041066-00041390": "These violent actions are not outliers provoked by the ruling, though.", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00141-00041390-00041573": "If anything, they are the norm.", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00142-00041573-00041863": "One far right group called the “Three Percenters” was infiltrated", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00143-00041863-00042056": "by a journalist who reported that they were asked", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00144-00042056-00042176": "if they would be willing to kill people", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00145-00042176-00042463": "from Antifa and BLM in their intake interview.", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00146-00042463-00042746": "While there are infiltrators and plenty of evidence to prove", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00147-00042746-00042990": "these groups are preparing to commit premeditated murder,", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00148-00042993-00043250": "don't hold your breath in regards to these groups being cracked down", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00149-00043250-00043583": "on by American law enforcement, as they too are in on the violence.", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00150-00043590-00043830": "One report from NPR claims that the police have been found", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00151-00043830-00044106": "on the rosters of a far right group called the Oath Keepers.", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00152-00044110-00044226": "I also mentioned in my video", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00153-00044226-00044566": "on police that they've been investigated in the past by the FBI for white", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00154-00044570-00044943": "nationalists infiltrating their ranks, whom they've nicknamed “Ghost Skins”.", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00155-00044946-00045150": "Clearly, their efforts have not had an effect", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00156-00045150-00045426": "on the clear far right biases of the police in America.", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00157-00045450-00045743": "Now, this kind of violence isn't just exclusive to America.", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00158-00045746-00046140": "In Canada, a Qanon influencer, Romana Didulo, has declared herself", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00159-00046140-00046570": "as the Queen of Canada, instructing her 70,000 followers to go “duck hunting”,", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00160-00046570-00046930": "which is code meaning health care workers, politicians, and journalists.", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00161-00046933-00047170": "The groups are either doing some serious LARPing", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00162-00047170-00047286": "or are getting more serious", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00163-00047286-00047640": "about their agenda, with followers embracing a flag to symbolize their queen,", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00164-00047640-00047940": "along with photos of firearms being shared, some followers even claiming", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00165-00047940-00048200": "they would be more than happy to quarter these “duck hunters”.", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00166-00048210-00048363": "I focused a lot on the right here,", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00167-00048363-00048663": "but I imagine that leaves some people asking: “What has the radical left done", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00168-00048663-00049010": "during these times?” Surely they can't be that tame, right?", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00169-00049033-00049293": "Well, the largest left wing firearms organization,", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00170-00049293-00049686": "the Socialist Rifle Association, has a subreddit where a particular post made", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00171-00049686-00049940": "after the Rittenhouse verdict was embraced quite heavily.", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00172-00049950-00050323": "The post said: “We are NOT a militia”, which is quite", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00173-00050323-00050533": "the opposite of the right's reaction to this verdict.", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00174-00050536-00050770": "Many on this SRA subreddit are claiming that,", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00175-00050780-00051136": "while they did get guns after this verdict, it was for self-defense", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00176-00051136-00051429": "as they feel more threatened by the rise of far right extremism.", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00177-00051450-00051893": "Keep this in mind: when the left gets firearms, it's for protective force.", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00178-00051903-00052196": "When the right gets firearms, it's for offensive force.", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00179-00052213-00052446": "Many leftists in these recent years have been talking about", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00180-00052446-00052786": "not only past revolutions, but what the patterns of revolution are.", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00181-00052790-00052853": "Since America", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00182-00052853-00053233": "has become an unstable tinderbox waiting to be lit, people are anticipating", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00183-00053233-00053613": "more systematically changing and radical action to be on the horizon.", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00184-00053633-00053790": "And I want to end you with this.", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00185-00053790-00054150": "America has had a growing population of people who have become disillusioned", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00186-00054150-00054413": "with the electoral system in this country. I can't blame them.", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00187-00054416-00054823": "They've realized more over time that this country is a de facto aristocracy.", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00188-00054833-00055096": "However, this loss of faith within the two party system", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00189-00055096-00055410": "has only temporarily led people to depressive inaction.", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00190-00055410-00055726": "It is instead birthed the likes of many vigilantes.", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00191-00055729-00056063": "The high stakes events of the Rittenhouse trial, the modern BLM movement,", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00192-00056063-00056490": "the COVID pandemic and so on have led for the match of vigilantism to be lit.", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00193-00056503-00056756": "It will soon touch the tinderbox that is America.", "jq6_kG3in1Q-00194-00056760-00057179": "And from there, we have some very interesting events to witness unfold."}}, {"audio_id": "jqwZiHiOc-U", "text": {"jqwZiHiOc-U-00000-00001034-00001527": "What advice can I offer to parents or professionals?", "jqwZiHiOc-U-00001-00001527-00001734": "Really, it depends on the child.", "jqwZiHiOc-U-00002-00001734-00001894": "You really have to ask the child", "jqwZiHiOc-U-00003-00001894-00002187": "and work with that individual child.", "jqwZiHiOc-U-00004-00002187-00002504": "Just observe the kid.", "jqwZiHiOc-U-00005-00002504-00002837": "I think often we label children very quickly.", "jqwZiHiOc-U-00006-00002837-00003164": "But you really need to do more than one or two tests.", "jqwZiHiOc-U-00007-00003164-00003334": "Do in-depth testing.", "jqwZiHiOc-U-00008-00003334-00003586": "Just like sometimes you have a bad day,", "jqwZiHiOc-U-00009-00003586-00003757": "the same is true with testing.", "jqwZiHiOc-U-00010-00003757-00004010": "One day they may score differently than another day.", "jqwZiHiOc-U-00011-00004010-00004224": "So do a lot of analysis.", "jqwZiHiOc-U-00012-00004224-00004560": "And in looking at that child's educational setting,", "jqwZiHiOc-U-00013-00004560-00004764": "I think you should give them different options", "jqwZiHiOc-U-00014-00004764-00004987": "and try different approaches.", "jqwZiHiOc-U-00015-00004987-00005114": "If something doesn't work,", "jqwZiHiOc-U-00016-00005114-00005377": "try something else that may work.", "jqwZiHiOc-U-00017-00005377-00005574": "The same thing we went through with my daughter.", "jqwZiHiOc-U-00018-00005574-00005914": "In one classroom situation, in testing,", "jqwZiHiOc-U-00019-00005914-00006144": "she didn't feel good about it.", "jqwZiHiOc-U-00020-00006144-00006340": "She was very anxious with testing,", "jqwZiHiOc-U-00021-00006340-00006470": "and felt she was different.", "jqwZiHiOc-U-00022-00006470-00006706": "And other days, she would do very well on testing.", "jqwZiHiOc-U-00023-00006706-00006904": "The same with intelligence testing.", "jqwZiHiOc-U-00024-00006904-00007280": "She did not do well. Does that mean she is failing?", "jqwZiHiOc-U-00025-00007280-00007590": "No, she may need some different options for testing.", "jqwZiHiOc-U-00026-00007590-00007770": "She has different needs.", "jqwZiHiOc-U-00027-00007770-00008000": "So you really have to look at the child", "jqwZiHiOc-U-00028-00008000-00008367": "and find what different options work best.", "jqwZiHiOc-U-00029-00008367-00008704": "Maybe one year something works, and one or two years later", "jqwZiHiOc-U-00030-00008704-00008887": "you have to change what you're doing.", "jqwZiHiOc-U-00031-00008887-00009207": "So what's important is that parents do look at the child", "jqwZiHiOc-U-00032-00009207-00009420": "and ask the child, \"Oh, you don't think", "jqwZiHiOc-U-00033-00009420-00009654": "that's working for you?\" Ask.", "jqwZiHiOc-U-00034-00009654-00009890": "And I did not ask a lot in the beginning,", "jqwZiHiOc-U-00035-00009890-00010194": "but maybe I'm asking too much now.", "jqwZiHiOc-U-00036-00010194-00010487": "But I think conversations with the child are important.", "jqwZiHiOc-U-00037-00010487-00010604": "Don't make them feel like,", "jqwZiHiOc-U-00038-00010604-00010734": "\"Oh, there's something wrong with me.\"", "jqwZiHiOc-U-00039-00010734-00010934": "Be careful how you approach it."}}, {"audio_id": "jqeUwWlCALQ", "text": {"jqeUwWlCALQ-00000-00000100-00007884": "Yes, and here we are at our video thought of the day.", "jqeUwWlCALQ-00001-00007884-00009502": "It's a Friday once again and as every Friday I", "jqeUwWlCALQ-00002-00009502-00012504": "shaved my beard with this fantastic, electric blue razor, only 8 euros, very cheap, very", "jqeUwWlCALQ-00003-00012504-00012704": "great.", "jqeUwWlCALQ-00004-00012704-00016051": "It's a Friday once again and as every Friday I've seen my favorite broadcast on Cinema", "jqeUwWlCALQ-00005-00016051-00017345": "conducted on the firs channel here that is RaiUno.", "jqeUwWlCALQ-00006-00017345-00018418": "A great program on Friday night,", "jqeUwWlCALQ-00007-00018418-00021245": "we talk about the films released this week that are commented by critics in the studio", "jqeUwWlCALQ-00008-00021245-00021397": "and in connection", "jqeUwWlCALQ-00009-00021397-00021798": "and also by actors and people leaving theaters.", "jqeUwWlCALQ-00010-00021798-00022100": "Then the ranking is also read", "jqeUwWlCALQ-00011-00022100-00023436": "of takings, in short, all these things here and that I have also been repeating for several", "jqeUwWlCALQ-00012-00023436-00023536": "Fridays.", "jqeUwWlCALQ-00013-00023536-00024403": "But the most important thing about this program is that the host, Marzullo precisely,", "jqeUwWlCALQ-00014-00024403-00025244": "recites both at the opening and at the end, but also during the broadcast, a cult phrase", "jqeUwWlCALQ-00015-00025244-00026117": "invented by him and doing this: Cinema is dream, Cinema is culture, Cinema is freedom.", "jqeUwWlCALQ-00016-00026117-00026451": "Great truth in my opinion.", "jqeUwWlCALQ-00017-00026451-00027006": "And then as every Friday I was also thinking about the 30th episode", "jqeUwWlCALQ-00018-00027006-00027652": "of my musical series on It's a Friday once again, my series but above all of the maestro", "jqeUwWlCALQ-00019-00027652-00028007": "on It's a Friday once again.", "jqeUwWlCALQ-00020-00028007-00028585": "As I don't know if I do this video before or after, I believe that", "jqeUwWlCALQ-00021-00028585-00029544": "then I will have uploaded this thirtieth episode, even if right now I don't know what music", "jqeUwWlCALQ-00022-00029544-00029714": "is about yet", "jqeUwWlCALQ-00023-00029714-00029883": "will be based.", "jqeUwWlCALQ-00024-00029883-00030588": "Then I also thought about the continuation of my tribute to Maestro Angelo Badalamenti,", "jqeUwWlCALQ-00025-00030588-00031080": "birthday which was March 22 and turned 85 as you know.", "jqeUwWlCALQ-00026-00031080-00031268": "The first part of the", "jqeUwWlCALQ-00027-00031268-00032366": "tribute was a tribute on Lost Roads based on four pieces by the master but vi", "jqeUwWlCALQ-00028-00032366-00033703": "I invite you to see the video-thought dedicated to him, even if it is a bit long, there are", "jqeUwWlCALQ-00029-00033703-00033803": "many", "jqeUwWlCALQ-00030-00033803-00033903": "preview inside.", "jqeUwWlCALQ-00031-00033903-00034338": "While this second part of this year I consider it one", "jqeUwWlCALQ-00032-00034338-00035043": "sort of continuation of last year's tribute because this second part is based on pieces", "jqeUwWlCALQ-00033-00035043-00035216": "from non-Lynchian films.", "jqeUwWlCALQ-00034-00035216-00035656": "And the second part of last year's tribute was also based on", "jqeUwWlCALQ-00035-00035656-00035769": "pieces from non-Lynchian films.", "jqeUwWlCALQ-00036-00035769-00035963": "But this year's non-Lynchian films are not non-films", "jqeUwWlCALQ-00037-00035963-00036501": "Lynchians of last year, there are still other films and maybe I also tell you the first", "jqeUwWlCALQ-00038-00036501-00036638": "one, which they are", "jqeUwWlCALQ-00039-00036638-00036777": "almost sure it should be Holy Smoke.", "jqeUwWlCALQ-00040-00036777-00036877": "I played two pieces from this film then", "jqeUwWlCALQ-00041-00036877-00037146": "when I have loaded them I will insert the previews.", "jqeUwWlCALQ-00042-00037146-00037758": "So if you are interested I invite you to subscribe to the channel", "jqeUwWlCALQ-00043-00037758-00038702": "so stay up to date on this tribute, i mean the keyboard channel.", "jqeUwWlCALQ-00044-00038702-00038969": "But take a ride in", "jqeUwWlCALQ-00045-00038969-00039949": "general, it may be that you may also be interested in something else, especially to whom", "jqeUwWlCALQ-00046-00039949-00040275": "he just doesn't know me.", "jqeUwWlCALQ-00047-00040275-00040817": "And then I also thought of a piece, which you may have already seen yesterday, which", "jqeUwWlCALQ-00048-00040817-00040917": "was", "jqeUwWlCALQ-00049-00040917-00041528": "Best Friends from Fire Walk with Me, this track that I wanted to dedicate to lara Flynn", "jqeUwWlCALQ-00050-00041528-00041628": "Boyle ma", "jqeUwWlCALQ-00051-00041628-00042334": "in short, also to Moira Kelly, that is the two actresses who played Donna Hayward in", "jqeUwWlCALQ-00052-00042334-00042434": "Twin Peaks.", "jqeUwWlCALQ-00053-00042434-00043153": "But I dedicated it more to Moira Kelly because I discovered just a few days ago that", "jqeUwWlCALQ-00054-00043153-00043841": "her birthday is also in March, but in general I dedicated it to the character of Donna.", "jqeUwWlCALQ-00055-00043841-00043941": "Then", "jqeUwWlCALQ-00056-00043941-00044342": "among other things it concerns Lara Flynn Boyle also last year I dedicated two pieces", "jqeUwWlCALQ-00057-00044342-00044442": "to her, which were Harold's", "jqeUwWlCALQ-00058-00044442-00044542": "Theme and Just You and I.", "jqeUwWlCALQ-00059-00044542-00044642": "But somehow you already saw them in yesterday's video-thoughts that", "jqeUwWlCALQ-00060-00044642-00044742": "it was dedicated to Lara Flynn Boyle for her 52 years.", "jqeUwWlCALQ-00061-00044742-00045056": "So I don't know if I even put them in", "jqeUwWlCALQ-00062-00045056-00045639": "this video thought the previews of her but in the case of her they are in yesterday's", "jqeUwWlCALQ-00063-00045639-00045794": "video dedicated to her.", "jqeUwWlCALQ-00064-00045794-00045894": "A", "jqeUwWlCALQ-00065-00045894-00046308": "beautiful track Best Friends, not very well known I think and always by Badalamenti and", "jqeUwWlCALQ-00066-00046308-00046438": "that you can listen to", "jqeUwWlCALQ-00067-00046438-00046569": "in Fire Walk with Me.", "jqeUwWlCALQ-00068-00046569-00047468": "Yes, I didn't think of anything about the rest, as I always do if somebody should come", "jqeUwWlCALQ-00069-00047468-00047593": "to me", "jqeUwWlCALQ-00070-00047593-00047975": "another thing in mind I add it in description.", "jqeUwWlCALQ-00071-00047975-00048261": "Have a great day again, see you tomorrow!"}}, {"audio_id": "jqE7jBLI7yo", "text": {"jqE7jBLI7yo-00000-00000121-00000281": "- Hi, everybody, I'm Phillip Goodman.", "jqE7jBLI7yo-00001-00000281-00000405": "- I'm Sabrina Carstensen.", "jqE7jBLI7yo-00002-00000405-00000567": "- And we are from the Nevada Real Estate Group", "jqE7jBLI7yo-00003-00000567-00000781": "at Keller Williams Group One Inc Reno, Nevada.", "jqE7jBLI7yo-00004-00000781-00001006": "Today, Sabrina and I are gonna take a look back", "jqE7jBLI7yo-00005-00001006-00001291": "at the May 2019 real estate market activity", "jqE7jBLI7yo-00006-00001291-00001550": "in Minden and Gardnerville, Nevada.", "jqE7jBLI7yo-00007-00001550-00001814": "- If this is your first time watching our market reports,", "jqE7jBLI7yo-00008-00001814-00001980": "please hit the subscribe button", "jqE7jBLI7yo-00009-00001980-00002202": "and the notification bell below.", "jqE7jBLI7yo-00010-00002202-00002377": "- We'll be putting out a lot more market reports", "jqE7jBLI7yo-00011-00002377-00002521": "and other great content this summer", "jqE7jBLI7yo-00012-00002521-00002695": "that you won't want to miss.", "jqE7jBLI7yo-00013-00002695-00002875": "- And if this is your first time", "jqE7jBLI7yo-00014-00002875-00003071": "be sure to watch the past market reports", "jqE7jBLI7yo-00015-00003071-00003300": "so you can see how the market has been trending.", "jqE7jBLI7yo-00016-00003300-00003458": "- That sounds like a great idea.", "jqE7jBLI7yo-00017-00003458-00003689": "All right, are you ready to look inside MLS", "jqE7jBLI7yo-00018-00003689-00003883": "and tour our featured property?", "jqE7jBLI7yo-00019-00003883-00004071": "- I am, let's do it.", "jqE7jBLI7yo-00020-00004071-00004338": "(dramatic beat)", "jqE7jBLI7yo-00021-00004793-00004885": "- [Phillip] We have pulled the data", "jqE7jBLI7yo-00022-00004885-00005049": "from the Multiple Listing Service", "jqE7jBLI7yo-00023-00005049-00005418": "for Minden, May 2019 and Gardnerville Of course.", "jqE7jBLI7yo-00024-00005418-00005838": "And that's on top, on the bottom May 2018.", "jqE7jBLI7yo-00025-00005838-00006031": "Tell us what happened Sabrina.", "jqE7jBLI7yo-00026-00006031-00006267": "- [Sabrina] 80 homes sold in May 2019.", "jqE7jBLI7yo-00027-00006267-00006736": "About a 20% increase from last month and last year.", "jqE7jBLI7yo-00028-00006736-00007140": "The median sold price also rose over last month to $415,000.", "jqE7jBLI7yo-00029-00007350-00007765": "Looking at the average price sold it is over 500,000", "jqE7jBLI7yo-00030-00007765-00008265": "thanks to the sale of 1245 Centerville, a $3.8 million sale.", "jqE7jBLI7yo-00031-00008458-00008847": "This ranch compound featured a total of 17 buildings,", "jqE7jBLI7yo-00032-00008847-00009347": "17 bedrooms, 13 bathrooms, garages for 12 cars", "jqE7jBLI7yo-00033-00009363-00009776": "and 8155 square feet of living.", "jqE7jBLI7yo-00034-00009913-00010025": "- [Phillip] Too much to clean.", "jqE7jBLI7yo-00035-00010025-00010108": "- [Sabrina] Right.", "jqE7jBLI7yo-00036-00010108-00010387": "And when you take the property out of the equation,", "jqE7jBLI7yo-00037-00010387-00010782": "the average price is still closer to $460,000.", "jqE7jBLI7yo-00038-00010782-00011144": "Even with that $62,000 manufactured home", "jqE7jBLI7yo-00039-00011144-00011377": "that also sold in May.", "jqE7jBLI7yo-00040-00011377-00011534": "Much like pockets of South Reno,", "jqE7jBLI7yo-00041-00011534-00011803": "this shows the caliber of homes in this area.", "jqE7jBLI7yo-00042-00011803-00011934": "- [Phillip] And unlike parts of Reno", "jqE7jBLI7yo-00043-00011934-00012108": "you still have really wonderful homes", "jqE7jBLI7yo-00044-00012108-00012399": "between 250 and 350,000.", "jqE7jBLI7yo-00045-00012399-00012538": "- [Sabrina] Precisely.", "jqE7jBLI7yo-00046-00012538-00013038": "Percent of as received at 98.39% for May is still steady", "jqE7jBLI7yo-00047-00013044-00013372": "from last month's 98.7%.", "jqE7jBLI7yo-00048-00013372-00013516": "- [Phillip] And to see that April report", "jqE7jBLI7yo-00049-00013516-00013676": "where we sourced some of these figures,", "jqE7jBLI7yo-00050-00013676-00013941": "click the link you see in the upper right corner now.", "jqE7jBLI7yo-00051-00014030-00014227": "Our featured property this month for Gardenville", "jqE7jBLI7yo-00052-00014227-00014502": "is 1321 Silver Linden.", "jqE7jBLI7yo-00053-00014502-00014753": "Tell us about this quaint little home Sabrina.", "jqE7jBLI7yo-00054-00014753-00015118": "- [Sabrina] This charming, charming house is $398,500,", "jqE7jBLI7yo-00055-00015338-00015463": "2030 square feet,", "jqE7jBLI7yo-00056-00015622-00016097": "sits on .12 acres and was built in 2005.", "jqE7jBLI7yo-00057-00016097-00016541": "This home is across from Lampe Park, downtown Gardnerville.", "jqE7jBLI7yo-00058-00016695-00016929": "- [Phillip] Hard to see because of the mild cloud cover", "jqE7jBLI7yo-00059-00016929-00017165": "but that is a tremendous view of the Sierras", "jqE7jBLI7yo-00060-00017165-00017289": "looking at the front door.", "jqE7jBLI7yo-00061-00017289-00017596": "- [Sabrina] On a clear day it is phenomenal.", "jqE7jBLI7yo-00062-00017596-00017754": "- [Phillip] And best part of all,", "jqE7jBLI7yo-00063-00017754-00017893": "no neighbors across the street,", "jqE7jBLI7yo-00064-00017893-00018088": "free soccer games every Saturday.", "jqE7jBLI7yo-00065-00018088-00018343": "- [Sabrina] I love the way you think.", "jqE7jBLI7yo-00066-00018343-00018614": "This home features an open floor plan,", "jqE7jBLI7yo-00067-00018614-00018959": "the kitchen leads nicely into the living room.", "jqE7jBLI7yo-00068-00018959-00019044": "The backside of the kitchen", "jqE7jBLI7yo-00069-00019044-00019285": "has a little built in bookshelf", "jqE7jBLI7yo-00070-00019285-00019443": "where you can have a little reading knack", "jqE7jBLI7yo-00071-00019443-00019719": "or to store some of your china.", "jqE7jBLI7yo-00072-00019719-00020149": "The sizable master suite has an en suite bathroom.", "jqE7jBLI7yo-00073-00020149-00020307": "And if you look back there", "jqE7jBLI7yo-00074-00020307-00020704": "you can see a nice walk in closet.", "jqE7jBLI7yo-00075-00020704-00021047": "It's a pretty sizable if I do say so myself.", "jqE7jBLI7yo-00076-00021047-00021227": "- And to see listings by the Nevada Real Estate Group,", "jqE7jBLI7yo-00077-00021227-00021562": "click the link you see in the upper right corner now.", "jqE7jBLI7yo-00078-00021562-00021835": "Well, there's your look back at the May 2019", "jqE7jBLI7yo-00079-00021835-00022111": "real estate market activity in Minden and Gardnerville.", "jqE7jBLI7yo-00080-00022111-00022318": "If you have any questions about the numbers we've discussed", "jqE7jBLI7yo-00081-00022318-00022423": "or if you're ready to tour", "jqE7jBLI7yo-00082-00022423-00022629": "that incredible property with Sabrina.", "jqE7jBLI7yo-00083-00022629-00022742": "You can contact her,", "jqE7jBLI7yo-00084-00022742-00022982": "her information is in the YouTube description below.", "jqE7jBLI7yo-00085-00022982-00023199": "Hopefully you found this information helpful and if you did,", "jqE7jBLI7yo-00086-00023199-00023539": "please give it a share and a like on your social media too.", "jqE7jBLI7yo-00087-00023539-00023680": "For the Nevada Real Estate Group", "jqE7jBLI7yo-00088-00023680-00023914": "at Keller Williams Group One Inc in Reno, Nevada,", "jqE7jBLI7yo-00089-00023914-00024009": "I'm Philip Goodman.", "jqE7jBLI7yo-00090-00024009-00024156": "- I'm Sabrina Carstensen.", "jqE7jBLI7yo-00091-00024156-00024267": "- We'll see you next month.", "jqE7jBLI7yo-00092-00024267-00024351": "- Bye.", "jqE7jBLI7yo-00093-00024862-00025129": "(dramatic beat)"}}, {"audio_id": "jqGuYbs5BJ8", "text": {"jqGuYbs5BJ8-00000-00000020-00000819": "Let’s get a fresh diagram, exactly the same as before. How do we actually use it?", "jqGuYbs5BJ8-00001-00000819-00001140": "Let’s say we get the sentence: “Moo.”", "jqGuYbs5BJ8-00002-00001140-00001639": "We can already see that it starts with a capital letter and ends with a full stop,", "jqGuYbs5BJ8-00003-00001639-00002060": "but let’s run it through the automaton to see what happens.", "jqGuYbs5BJ8-00004-00002060-00002620": "Beginning from the start state (which is '1'), we take each character in turn,", "jqGuYbs5BJ8-00005-00002620-00002900": "following the transition for each one.", "jqGuYbs5BJ8-00006-00002900-00003620": "The first character ‘M’ is uppercase, so we follow the ‘U’ transition to State 3.", "jqGuYbs5BJ8-00007-00003620-00004320": "Then we have a lowercase ‘o’, so we follow the ‘L’ transition which loops around and back to State 3.", "jqGuYbs5BJ8-00008-00004320-00004920": "Another lowercase ‘o’, so again we follow the ‘L’ transition back to State 3.", "jqGuYbs5BJ8-00009-00004920-00005640": "And lastly we have a full stop so we follow the ‘S’ transition to State 4.", "jqGuYbs5BJ8-00010-00005740-00006220": "So, we’ve gone through the string of letters and ended up at State 4.", "jqGuYbs5BJ8-00011-00006220-00006820": "Remember from before that this is an accepting state because it has two circles.", "jqGuYbs5BJ8-00012-00006820-00007340": "Since we ended up in an accepting state, the sentence “Moo.” is accepted;", "jqGuYbs5BJ8-00013-00007340-00008000": "it does indeed start with a capital letter and end with a full stop."}}, {"audio_id": "jqNtkq0tp3k", "text": {"jqNtkq0tp3k-00000-00000000-00000303": "BPM: 150 K3Y: E MINOR"}}, {"audio_id": "jrnHmX5963k", "text": {"jrnHmX5963k-00000-00000293-00000642": "The pandemic is in the news,", "jrnHmX5963k-00001-00000642-00000957": "it is chronicling the world, and not only has it done that,", "jrnHmX5963k-00002-00000957-00001240": "but it has shaken the world economy today.", "jrnHmX5963k-00003-00001240-00001290": "We believe we are forcibly moving towards a new world order.", "jrnHmX5963k-00005-00001589-00001886": "Because this situation has shown that the order in which we were was a military order,", "jrnHmX5963k-00006-00002008-00002265": "a neo-liberal order, a market order, to the detriment of rights, of citizenship,", "jrnHmX5963k-00007-00002265-00002315": "to the detriment of health, of education, etc.", "jrnHmX5963k-00009-00002588-00002638": "We believe that we are moving towards a new world order.", "jrnHmX5963k-00011-00002864-00003050": "We have seen that the world economy is now in recession,", "jrnHmX5963k-00012-00003096-00003395": "a recession whose consequences will be much more serious at the beginning of 2021.", "jrnHmX5963k-00013-00003395-00003698": "You see the price of the dollar, the price of oil has fallen,", "jrnHmX5963k-00014-00003698-00003863": "and all the countries that had calculated their budgets", "jrnHmX5963k-00015-00003944-00003994": "on the basis of oil prices are now completely wrong.", "jrnHmX5963k-00017-00004342-00004672": "I take as an example, our neighbors, Nigeria, which had adopted its budget", "jrnHmX5963k-00018-00004684-00004909": "on the basis of the price of oil it was going to sell in the world,", "jrnHmX5963k-00019-00005034-00005084": "at the time oil was at its lowest between $75 and $80.", "jrnHmX5963k-00021-00005371-00005421": "Today the price of oil in Nigeria is $20-$22.", "jrnHmX5963k-00023-00005745-00006035": "This means that the Nigerian economy is going to be totally destabilized.", "jrnHmX5963k-00024-00006058-00006108": "Nigeria's public services will be totally unrealizable because the budget will not be enough.", "jrnHmX5963k-00026-00006405-00006704": "And what is going to be available as cash and cash equivalents", "jrnHmX5963k-00027-00006704-00006754": "are going to be directed towards the global response to the pandemic.", "jrnHmX5963k-00029-00007015-00007265": "This means that yes,", "jrnHmX5963k-00030-00007265-00007502": "it is already necessary to start a deep reflection", "jrnHmX5963k-00031-00007548-00007886": "on the corona virus and this is why we have also recommended that African", "jrnHmX5963k-00032-00007886-00007936": "countries put together a Think Tank.", "jrnHmX5963k-00034-00008022-00008348": "Will this be done by the African Union,", "jrnHmX5963k-00035-00008360-00008554": "will it be carried at the regional level with sub-regional structures such as ECOWAS, SADEC and SEMA.", "jrnHmX5963k-00036-00008627-00008882": "But today, we cannot neglect reflection on the post-corona virus,", "jrnHmX5963k-00037-00008882-00009098": "because a new world will emerge.", "jrnHmX5963k-00039-00009214-00009314": "The question now is whether, in this new world,", "jrnHmX5963k-00040-00009355-00009653": "Africa will seize the opportunity to reposition itself", "jrnHmX5963k-00041-00009653-00009765": "and show all those who titillate it by making it believe", "jrnHmX5963k-00042-00009800-00010106": "that it was a small continent with small countries.", "jrnHmX5963k-00043-00010106-00010223": "But that suddenly we realize", "jrnHmX5963k-00044-00010293-00010523": "that there are no small countries and no big countries.", "jrnHmX5963k-00045-00010523-00010573": "There are no small continents and no big continents.", "jrnHmX5963k-00047-00010792-00011032": "Will Africa, take advantage of a new order?", "jrnHmX5963k-00048-00011119-00011333": "To close these ranks, to strengthen Africanism,", "jrnHmX5963k-00049-00011462-00011562": "to put forward these intelligences and these resources", "jrnHmX5963k-00050-00011602-00011871": "so that Think Tanks, research centres, can be set up together.", "jrnHmX5963k-00051-00011982-00012275": "And to pursue the reflection that will allow us to deserve", "jrnHmX5963k-00052-00012275-00012575": "Africa's place in the new world order that is about to take shape."}}, {"audio_id": "jrDBWm7urEQ", "text": {"jrDBWm7urEQ-00000-00000218-00000418": "Seems legit", "jrDBWm7urEQ-00001-00001334-00001534": "Hmm", "jrDBWm7urEQ-00002-00001637-00001837": "Clearly nothing's wrong", "jrDBWm7urEQ-00003-00002136-00002336": "This is fine", "jrDBWm7urEQ-00004-00002514-00002714": "NO", "jrDBWm7urEQ-00005-00002881-00003081": "I'm dead", "jrDBWm7urEQ-00006-00003187-00003387": "This is bad", "jrDBWm7urEQ-00007-00003387-00003587": "MY SHIP", "jrDBWm7urEQ-00008-00004212-00004412": "hmm physics yes", "jrDBWm7urEQ-00009-00004940-00005140": "i'm outta here", "jrDBWm7urEQ-00010-00006218-00006418": "seems normal", "jrDBWm7urEQ-00011-00006469-00006669": "is that the bridge", "jrDBWm7urEQ-00012-00007032-00007232": "that's the bridge", "jrDBWm7urEQ-00013-00007731-00007931": "maybe if i summon it somewhere else", "jrDBWm7urEQ-00014-00007931-00008131": "yes", "jrDBWm7urEQ-00015-00008365-00008565": "not there", "jrDBWm7urEQ-00016-00009214-00009414": "there", "jrDBWm7urEQ-00017-00010932-00011132": "seems fixed", "jrDBWm7urEQ-00018-00011999-00012199": "stairs are fine", "jrDBWm7urEQ-00019-00013500-00013700": "both sides are fine", "jrDBWm7urEQ-00020-00014232-00014432": "this is where the glitch happened", "jrDBWm7urEQ-00021-00014578-00014778": "seems fine now...", "jrDBWm7urEQ-00022-00015379-00015579": "building is fine", "jrDBWm7urEQ-00023-00015668-00015868": "except that very annoying panel", "jrDBWm7urEQ-00024-00016721-00016921": "yeah...", "jrDBWm7urEQ-00025-00017680-00018080": "this room that doesn't need to exist is fine"}}, {"audio_id": "jrHPaIewDII", "text": {"jrHPaIewDII-00000-00000063-00000273": "Hi, my name is Skylar.", "jrHPaIewDII-00001-00000273-00000444": "I use she/they prronouns.", "jrHPaIewDII-00002-00000444-00000723": "I'm a junior and an international student,", "jrHPaIewDII-00003-00000723-00001098": "and I'm majoring in psychology and education and French.", "jrHPaIewDII-00004-00001098-00001474": "I just got off the plane, and I'm finally in Boston.", "jrHPaIewDII-00005-00001474-00001848": "To get back on campus, I had to travel a lot.", "jrHPaIewDII-00006-00001848-00002184": "I went from Beijing, China, to Singapore,", "jrHPaIewDII-00007-00002184-00002628": "and stayed there for more than 14 days in self-quarantine,", "jrHPaIewDII-00008-00002628-00003060": "then from Singapore to Los Angeles, then to Boston.", "jrHPaIewDII-00009-00003060-00003549": "And tomorrow, I finally get to move back on campus.", "jrHPaIewDII-00010-00003549-00003911": "I spent my fall semester in Tibet and in Beijing", "jrHPaIewDII-00011-00003911-00004362": "doing internships while taking Mount Holyoke classes remotely", "jrHPaIewDII-00012-00004362-00004653": "at night because of the time difference.", "jrHPaIewDII-00013-00004653-00005022": "I'm so excited to finally move back on campus", "jrHPaIewDII-00014-00005022-00005274": "after more than six months.", "jrHPaIewDII-00015-00005274-00005718": "I miss the campus, and I miss my friends so much.", "jrHPaIewDII-00016-00005718-00005958": "I know the experience for the spring semester", "jrHPaIewDII-00017-00005958-00006324": "is going to be quite different because of the pandemic,", "jrHPaIewDII-00018-00006324-00006618": "but I really look forward to it."}}, {"audio_id": "jrWC_OKPVzM", "text": {"jrWC_OKPVzM-00000-00000587-00000824": "Rohan, what are we doing today?", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00001-00000964-00001201": "Today, We’re on a date with nurses.", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00002-00001224-00001461": "huhuhuhu..(Laughs) (Shows off his otaku power)", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00003-00001584-00001911": "Just hearing the nurse say that... (Stop it...)", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00004-00001911-00002042": "sexy..(?) lets go", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00005-00002245-00002462": "Yuka danced here…right?(When she was high school student)", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00006-00002462-00002559": "don’t..haha", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00007-00002559-00002716": "danced in front of your mom and dad.", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00008-00002716-00003209": "Yeah... And it was quite a sexy dance. (Do you have any movies from back then!?)", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00009-00003209-00003606": "Sendai~ my hair...(It was cold and the wind was strong...)", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00010-00003787-00003963": "It's cool. Cool. (-5 degrees Celsius)", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00011-00004010-00004164": "It's so cool. Hey!", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00012-00004164-00004260": "It's too loud.", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00013-00004567-00004854": "Since we're here, shouldn't we go to Sendai Observatory?", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00014-00004891-00005171": "Oh, there? (Hesitating)", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00015-00005171-00005398": "I've been there when I was a student.", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00016-00005398-00005532": "Why? (Nervous)", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00017-00005562-00005695": "On a date...", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00018-00005695-00006016": "hahahaha(Laughs)Rohan's dad?", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00019-00006456-00006763": "\"And the nurses’friends We’re seeing for the first time in 3 years\"", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00020-00006896-00007127": "you guys~haha", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00021-00007127-00007377": "“there was so happy to see sungchan. She says “shut up to Sungchan” as soon as she saw himHaha”", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00022-00007377-00007774": "Hey, how have you been? Yuka, how have you been?", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00023-00008008-00008194": "\"Maguri looks so happy to see you\".", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00024-00008194-00008331": "Shh! Your voice is too loud lol", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00025-00008588-00008865": "\"It's been such a long time since we've reunited.", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00026-00009005-00009215": "(What is this? Is it a puppy or what?)", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00027-00009215-00009376": "Rohan is filming it.", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00028-00009662-00009899": "(Introducing it to Rohan) This is nurse 1.", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00029-00009899-00009976": "nurse 1.", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00030-00009976-00010240": "And nurse 2...Can you give me some injection? Ring gel.", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00031-00010240-00010480": "(Sungchan keeps asking for sap when they meet each other)", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00032-00010704-00011000": "It's Meguri. Do you remember?", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00033-00011277-00011614": "They are from Kyoto, Yuka 2 with the same name.", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00034-00011614-00011725": "It's meguli..", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00035-00011725-00012022": "(They're sensitive to coughing…… crazy sungchan haha)", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00036-00012318-00012769": "Take your presents. (Yuka prepared a present)", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00037-00012916-00013103": "Why? Thank you.", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00038-00013103-00013360": "Old man hahaha", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00039-00013360-00013710": "It's been a while since the four of us gathered. Yeah~", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00040-00013750-00013853": "Do you like it Rohan?", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00041-00014304-00014577": "\"Sugnchan looks so happy\".", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00042-00014901-00015021": "Dad's bad breath...", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00043-00015151-00015475": "Sugoi... Early education is amazing.", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00044-00015779-00016052": "\"They're so good at playing\".", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00045-00016376-00016573": "(Let's pick one)", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00046-00016573-00016770": "(Rohan encourages people to react)", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00047-00016770-00016883": "ha.., okay. Sit down.", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00048-00016883-00017023": "(yes..mother..)", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00049-00017023-00017430": "It's okay if you don't prepare our presents that much, so don't pay attention...", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00050-00017430-00017804": "\"They don't put pressure on each other\".", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00051-00017804-00018051": "It bothers me! (Can you just tell me?)", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00052-00018051-00018298": "Your outfit looks pretty good. The size is...LOL", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00053-00018358-00018471": "We finally met.", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00054-00018471-00018675": "What do you think, Yuka?", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00055-00018675-00018765": "I'm so happy.", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00056-00018765-00019039": "No, not you.", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00057-00019039-00019239": "Look at this. what is it?", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00058-00019239-00019529": "It's the nurse's hand. The wound...", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00059-00019529-00019803": "“there washed hands so much that hands are splitting\".", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00060-00019803-00020090": "\"Thank you to nurses and medical staff who work hard everywhere in the world\".", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00061-00020293-00020497": "“there still look close to each other.", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00062-00020653-00020897": "Nurse 2's hat.", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00063-00021718-00021941": "Now.. You have an H heart.", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00064-00022105-00022228": "A person with a big heart.", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00065-00022228-00022445": "You just look like a perv.", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00066-00022445-00022669": "(Anyone can tell he's just a perv)", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00067-00022839-00022972": "It's snowing.", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00068-00023016-00023149": "It's snowing a lot.", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00069-00023583-00023713": "I can see all the pores.", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00070-00023733-00023863": "Where are we going now?", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00071-00023863-00024003": "Huh? Uh... Mother (Korean restaurant)", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00072-00024003-00024371": "I'm going to go to Korean food. (The weather is brutal)", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00073-00024611-00024928": "Cute... (meguli is filming a video)", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00074-00024928-00025228": "It's very Kawaii.Nice, nice, nice.", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00075-00025228-00025505": "He's an erosive cameraman. LOL", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00076-00025799-00026032": "Meguri, let's go to Pachinko. You always go there.", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00077-00026032-00026206": "Let's go. x2 (she accept anything)", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00078-00026373-00026593": "\"Let's go to the game center before we eat\".", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00079-00026593-00026813": "\"I pray earnestly for...\"", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00080-00026813-00027040": "(hitomi..?)", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00081-00027040-00027200": "(oh..shi..)", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00082-00027337-00027604": "\"Sungchan, who keeps disappearing, what are you doing?\"", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00083-00028371-00028471": "I'll do it for you.", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00084-00028525-00028702": "I don't know if it'll work because it's been a while.", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00085-00028702-00028995": "“he studied on YouTube for this\".", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00086-00028995-00029202": "\"How good is he?\"", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00087-00029719-00029976": "Okay! It was 1,500 yen. (Eventually, 16,000 won)", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00088-00030250-00030470": "“we going to take sticker photos\"", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00089-00030503-00030747": "Huh? Yuka and Meguri are like this, too?", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00090-00031798-00031901": "(Where are you looking at?)", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00091-00033219-00033573": "(Sorry I couldn't protect you Editing is up to me...)", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00092-00034107-00034217": "Look at me.", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00093-00034234-00034387": "There's a beautiful girl.", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00094-00034387-00034657": "\"A Japanese sticker photo that goes beyond fraud.\"", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00095-00034657-00034864": "I'm scared.", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00096-00035071-00035248": "Wow, that's cruel. Scary.", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00097-00035248-00035425": "Rohan what do you think about the sticker picture?", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00098-00035425-00035535": "Cheating.", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00099-00035598-00035869": "\"And Rohan who is being led by others\".", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00100-00037033-00037237": "“we had a lot of fun and finally had dinner\".", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00101-00038548-00038818": "\"These days, fresh vegetables that crazy about rohan LOL\"", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00102-00039159-00039402": "\"I'll take pictures whenever we have time\".", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00103-00039402-00039679": "(The point of laughter is out of this world...)", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00104-00040510-00040734": "(Sorry for not protecting you part 2)", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00105-00040734-00041037": "Let's eat something clean.", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00106-00041077-00041334": "It's good. It's so good.", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00107-00041451-00041781": "\"It's been a while since rohan had Korean food\".", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00108-00042202-00042472": "\"Have a cool drink today...\"", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00109-00042472-00042742": "\"Rohan even eats snacks\".", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00110-00042909-00043266": "\"After a noisy dinner\"", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00111-00043420-00043650": "“rohan found another game center on my way home\".", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00112-00043933-00044037": "Look at this", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00113-00044931-00045208": "(Rohan, aren't you too excited?)(Laughs)", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00114-00045208-00045478": "\"Is he the son of Yuka and Sungchan?”", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00115-00046156-00046406": "(No way.. What's wrong with you?)", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00116-00046406-00046686": "\"And the coffee shop you stopped by\".", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00117-00046793-00046940": "cute~", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00118-00047070-00047280": "Rohan, I'm filming right now.", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00119-00047280-00047474": "What do you think? It's been a while since we met.", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00120-00047474-00047600": "I'm so happy.", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00121-00047600-00047704": "I've gotten older.", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00122-00047704-00047831": "I didn't eat it.", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00123-00047831-00048051": "Hey, you ate the most.LOL", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00124-00048051-00048224": "Forever 18 years old...", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00125-00048224-00048511": "already an old lady saying that haha", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00126-00048681-00048968": "what? rohan Look ahead.", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00127-00048968-00049209": "Rohan, what are you doing?", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00128-00049763-00049969": "Rohan say bye bye", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00129-00050070-00050146": "What about kisses?", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00130-00050266-00050343": "He kissed", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00131-00050376-00050517": "(Rohan, you...It's unfamiliar)", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00132-00050517-00050750": "Meguri... Please!", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00133-00051101-00051334": "Let's collect 1,000 yen each.", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00134-00051341-00051594": "Day 1 is over. See you tomorrow.", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00135-00051791-00051935": "\"Next morning\".", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00136-00052091-00052352": "\"The place where we promised to get together\".", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00137-00052419-00052539": "\"I started to see you two\".", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00138-00052826-00053012": "I was so surprised.", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00139-00053012-00053259": "(Why are you making a fuss?)", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00140-00053526-00053833": "You guys were late. You told me to come by 11:30.", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00141-00053833-00054027": "(Current time is 11:20pm I'm being criticized for coming 10 minutes earlier)", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00142-00054027-00054137": "\"Let's go eat lunch\".", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00143-00054360-00054617": "\"Today's Taiwanese food decisions for lunch\"", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00144-00055201-00055368": "I'll eat a lot.", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00145-00055408-00055745": "Yuka... That's cutting pizza. Pizza...Hahaha", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00146-00055745-00055935": "Rohan needs to eat it.", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00147-00055935-00056112": "(Let's grow strong, Rohan)", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00148-00056433-00056636": "Yuka is so cute. right?", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00149-00056636-00056843": "she's always cute, right? Look", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00150-00056843-00057097": "\"You look so pretty today\".", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00151-00057173-00057414": "huh? who is there?", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00152-00057520-00057724": "yeah..cute..cute…", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00153-00058098-00058191": "eat this", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00154-00058191-00058421": "Yes... Mother... (Rohan, grow strong)", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00155-00059355-00059669": "\"After having such a loud lunch,\"", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00156-00059759-00060016": "(And sungchan keeps pushing for weird dances...)", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00157-00060016-00060543": "The second day starts in Taiwan!", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00158-00060543-00060707": "\"Shall we start the 2nd day?\"", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00159-00060780-00060944": "\"Since we ate, let's go for dessert\".", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00160-00061044-00061274": "Do you really say Iced Americano is ahah? Yes, we will", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00161-00061274-00061488": "“we’ll laugh no matter what...\"\"", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00162-00061781-00061955": "You don't like sweet things?", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00163-00061955-00062165": "I can't drink sweet drinks.", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00164-00062165-00062399": "oh really?! but..", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00165-00062399-00062582": "What's your choice for that drink?", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00166-00062582-00062766": "(Caramel latte lol)", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00167-00062916-00063006": "ice cream?", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00168-00063029-00063216": "Arigato Gozaimasu (Sungchan’s Japanese test)", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00169-00063216-00063366": "(Getting compliments for this)", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00170-00063366-00063530": "What's your Kansai dialect?", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00171-00063530-00063640": "Okini~ (meaning thank you)", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00172-00063640-00063843": "What? Hahaha okini~", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00173-00063843-00064180": "I learned how to thank my friends.", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00174-00064180-00064404": "You can't say \"My do.. My do!”", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00175-00064604-00064788": "Sisu in \"Jagin\"? (Old joke about eating sushi in Ginza)", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00176-00064788-00065018": "(Nice nurses 1 and 2 who laugh at such jokes)", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00177-00065018-00065178": "That my chest is big...", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00178-00065178-00065428": "\"My Twist\" is dark... (Saying it backwards)", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00179-00065428-00065592": "(You like things like this)(Laughs)", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00180-00065592-00065892": "Look. you so happy. Happy!", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00181-00065892-00066132": "As expected, Yamanashi power...", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00182-00066132-00066399": "I'm sure it's Yamashina. (Yuka...?)", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00183-00066399-00066593": "You do it little by little, too. LOL", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00184-00066593-00066910": "\"After talking for a long time, we move to the next location\".", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00185-00067083-00067387": "\"I'm on my way to sled, but I'm getting Blizzard\".", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00186-00067387-00067540": "Look to the side. snow", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00187-00068044-00068291": "Wow, look at the height. (Over the waist)", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00188-00068451-00068705": "\"The two went on patrol for a while due to the huge amount of snow\".", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00189-00069259-00069736": "\"There's too much snow, so we gave up playing with Rohan...\"\"", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00190-00069829-00070220": "\"I was wondering why you were late. Did you play like this again?\"", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00191-00071621-00071798": "Hurry up and ride it, you punks.", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00192-00071931-00072228": "“we move to a shopping mall in Blizzard\".", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00193-00072228-00072322": "What do you think, Rohan?", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00194-00072449-00072746": "\"It's a relief that you're at a shopping mall”", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00195-00073903-00074174": "(there don't shop for it)", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00196-00074174-00074424": "(What are you doing?)", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00197-00074424-00074577": "(If you do this here…)", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00198-00074821-00075118": "\"Since we are here, we going to shopping for rohan”", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00199-00075118-00075311": "\"I knew the taste of nurses...\"\"", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00200-00075505-00075642": "cute~", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00201-00075662-00075879": "(Sungchan shakes it off, too)", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00202-00075969-00076196": "(Play with Rohan...)", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00203-00076196-00076382": "(You're doing it right, right?)", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00204-00077624-00077951": "\"The loudest...No, you guys look happy haha.\"", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00205-00078298-00078558": "\"As expected, Japanese ideas...\"\"", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00206-00078558-00078685": "It's my first time seeing it.", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00207-00078885-00079095": "\"To a shopping mall restaurant for dinner\".", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00208-00079803-00080063": "“Rohan’s dad looks exhausted\"", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00209-00080063-00080570": "Mom! Mom! (Is Rohan’s mom changing?)", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00210-00080607-00080824": "Players, please (come to the sports park)", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00211-00081411-00081751": "\"Like that, Yuka just practiced her vocalization and dropped out.”", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00212-00082142-00082365": "\"Sugnchan who thinks you're weak for a girl...\"\"", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00213-00083443-00083603": "(This bitxx is like this here too...)", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00214-00084387-00084661": "(Yuka 2 is doing pretty well…)", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00215-00084661-00084964": "(Yuka 1 is falling down)", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00216-00085171-00085568": "(Yuka 1, 2 are fainting rice cake lol Who said to do this?)", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00217-00085782-00086015": "How was the Sendai trip?", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00218-00086015-00086506": "It was fun. It was fun.(Grandma..?) hahaha", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00219-00086506-00086723": "\"Thank you for watching until the end\".", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00220-00086723-00087087": "\"This was a date with nurses 1 and 2\".", "jrWC_OKPVzM-00221-00087087-00087357": "\"See you in the next video\""}}, {"audio_id": "jsAid-2mZLU", "text": {"jsAid-2mZLU-00000-00000035-00000254": "SUBSCRIBE NOW"}}, {"audio_id": "jsDke5sja_8", "text": {"jsDke5sja_8-00000-00000730-00001613": "we re companion Olynyk er Lana Bellini or no we re cappella hey our own", "jsDke5sja_8-00001-00001613-00002227": "Anunnaki are learn to on a bucatini or no", "jsDke5sja_8-00002-00003964-00004829": "we are a company or another Nakia wanna go panini or no we re camellia hey are", "jsDke5sja_8-00003-00004829-00005365": "another key on a bucatini", "jsDke5sja_8-00004-00008678-00009489": "we are a company an analytic er loved wanna cook panini or no we re cappella", "jsDke5sja_8-00005-00009489-00010670": "hey Yara not Iraqi are a bucatini", "jsDke5sja_8-00006-00011213-00016076": "oh sorry sorry sorry comic this saga and they work are not", "jsDke5sja_8-00007-00016076-00016417": "your package are doubly yeah"}}, {"audio_id": "jsGiOQwkf9y", "text": {"jsGiOQwkf9y-00000-00000000-00000431": "A hundred years after WW I, many have reflected on the risk of war", "jsGiOQwkf9y-00001-00000431-00000827": "returning to our continent. But in reality the next war has already begun.", "jsGiOQwkf9y-00002-00000827-00001334": "It's a culture war, an information war. We're all conscripted into it - many of us", "jsGiOQwkf9y-00003-00001334-00001739": "without our knowing. The foreign actors distorting our elections are coming from", "jsGiOQwkf9y-00004-00001739-00002294": "both Russia and the USA. Last week, Shahmir Sanni, the VoteLeave whistleblower, won", "jsGiOQwkf9y-00005-00002294-00002682": "his unfair dismissal case that exposed the activities of nine lobby groups", "jsGiOQwkf9y-00006-00002682-00003084": "seeking to undermine action on climate change and help the tax avoiders, all", "jsGiOQwkf9y-00007-00003084-00003605": "working out of 55 Tufton Street in London. We need this activity - by what we", "jsGiOQwkf9y-00008-00003605-00004017": "have called the Brexit Syndicate - called out as propaganda and not given oxygen", "jsGiOQwkf9y-00009-00004017-00004571": "by the BBC. A year ago, the Prime Minister drew attention to Russian involvement in", "jsGiOQwkf9y-00010-00004571-00004977": "British politics, but she is refusing to say whether she blocked an investigation", "jsGiOQwkf9y-00011-00004977-00005352": "into Arron Banks' Russian connections. And we have learned that the Muller", "jsGiOQwkf9y-00012-00005352-00005732": "investigation is making similar inquiries with regard to Nigel Farage.", "jsGiOQwkf9y-00013-00005732-00006153": "Welcome to the culture war! It's a war between between democracy and", "jsGiOQwkf9y-00014-00006153-00006587": "authoritarianism. Which side are you on?"}}, {"audio_id": "jsH57SZgxd8", "text": {"jsH57SZgxd8-00000-00000003-00000202": "Let's do some examples", "jsH57SZgxd8-00001-00000283-00000581": "What is what is the frequency of life that has", "jsH57SZgxd8-00002-00000633-00000884": "This value and nanometer as wavelength", "jsH57SZgxd8-00003-00000946-00001148": "wavelength equals C over", "jsH57SZgxd8-00004-00001225-00001348": "frequency", "jsH57SZgxd8-00005-00001348-00001569": "frequency equals C over lambda", "jsH57SZgxd8-00006-00001839-00002364": "The speed of light in vacuum is given and that question", "jsH57SZgxd8-00007-00002584-00003245": "The wavelength is in nanometer while the unit of the speed of light is emitted", "jsH57SZgxd8-00008-00003252-00003779": "So I know that I have to change the nanometer intermediate 3:9", "jsH57SZgxd8-00009-00003871-00004071": "6.15 nanometer", "jsH57SZgxd8-00010-00004312-00004791": "10 to the power minus 9 meters. This is the conversion factor", "jsH57SZgxd8-00011-00004834-00005438": "this will cancel this meter will cancel meted the frequency gonna be in sec minus 1 and", "jsH57SZgxd8-00012-00005619-00005819": "The answer is", "jsH57SZgxd8-00013-00005898-00006098": "10 to the power 14", "jsH57SZgxd8-00014-00006118-00006713": "SEC minus 1 that means this is how many waves will pass per one second", "jsH57SZgxd8-00015-00006775-00007031": "Which make a right answer?"}}, {"audio_id": "jsOSAsAmdqA", "text": {"jsOSAsAmdqA-00000-00000000-00000425": "what is up everybody this is Chris from the rewired soul where we talk about the", "jsOSAsAmdqA-00001-00000425-00000809": "problem but focus on the solution if you're new to my channel what I try to", "jsOSAsAmdqA-00002-00000809-00001173": "do is take different topics going on in the YouTube community trying to see what", "jsOSAsAmdqA-00003-00001173-00001484": "we can learn from so make sure you subscribe and bring that notification", "jsOSAsAmdqA-00004-00001484-00001980": "belt because I promise you this channel looks at these different stories from a", "jsOSAsAmdqA-00005-00001980-00002463": "much different angle alright and follow me over on Instagram and Twitter at the", "jsOSAsAmdqA-00006-00002463-00003008": "rewired soul and for all of my loyal rewired soldiers out there sorry for the", "jsOSAsAmdqA-00007-00003008-00003495": "informal video I'm actually about to take off and head out to Los Angeles", "jsOSAsAmdqA-00008-00003495-00003861": "my good buddy Erin from the YouTube channel for the love of tech by the way", "jsOSAsAmdqA-00009-00003861-00004121": "if you like tech check out his channel and I'll link it down in the description", "jsOSAsAmdqA-00010-00004121-00004455": "below he couldn't make it to the event so he gave me his ticket so I will be", "jsOSAsAmdqA-00011-00004455-00004971": "going to fix on it if any other creators are going come up say hi my goal this", "jsOSAsAmdqA-00012-00004971-00005607": "year is to meet Liam lush love that man anyways before I took off I wanted to do", "jsOSAsAmdqA-00013-00005607-00006230": "a quick update so my channel I do do commentary and I cover news and things", "jsOSAsAmdqA-00014-00006230-00006636": "like that but my primary goal is to see what we can learn from it and there's", "jsOSAsAmdqA-00015-00006636-00007118": "definitely a valuable lesson to be learned from this but I also think in", "jsOSAsAmdqA-00016-00007118-00007598": "order for a channel to have integrity that covers these stories you need to", "jsOSAsAmdqA-00017-00007598-00008064": "post updates as soon as possible especially when there are serious", "jsOSAsAmdqA-00018-00008064-00008499": "allegations of sexual assault in my opinion in the YouTube community there", "jsOSAsAmdqA-00019-00008499-00009143": "are far too many not all but there are far too many commentary channels draw", "jsOSAsAmdqA-00020-00009143-00009678": "the channels news channels who do not update stories like once you ring a bell", "jsOSAsAmdqA-00021-00009678-00010264": "like we have to update it but anyways we're following up on the cold Carrigan", "jsOSAsAmdqA-00022-00010264-00010809": "sexual assault allegations against Austin McBroom from the ACE family", "jsOSAsAmdqA-00023-00010809-00011414": "alright so yesterday I made a video titled can we trust Kol Kerrigan's", "jsOSAsAmdqA-00024-00011414-00011892": "allegations of the ace family and yeah this is a tricky subject like I said", "jsOSAsAmdqA-00025-00011892-00012360": "like this topic is very close to home I personally know many women who have been", "jsOSAsAmdqA-00026-00012360-00012872": "victims of sexual assault but I in that video I bring up other subjects or", "jsOSAsAmdqA-00027-00012872-00013340": "situations like suazo or alak-hul oka where these were false", "jsOSAsAmdqA-00028-00013340-00013854": "accusations and it actually led to Alec coloca taking his own life well this", "jsOSAsAmdqA-00029-00013854-00014433": "story is developing very quickly all right so first thing is there is a", "jsOSAsAmdqA-00030-00014433-00014877": "youtuber by the name of John Swan and he released the tweet I'll link it down in", "jsOSAsAmdqA-00031-00014877-00015465": "the description below but he he kind of takes the responsibility of looking at", "jsOSAsAmdqA-00032-00015465-00016038": "screenshots like very closely to see if they were edited in any other way or in", "jsOSAsAmdqA-00033-00016038-00016515": "any way at all and it looks like the screenshots that Cole Carrigan shared", "jsOSAsAmdqA-00034-00016515-00017283": "might have been faked all right and you know again like you know this is John", "jsOSAsAmdqA-00035-00017283-00017838": "Swan Tobias on that investigation he's not a forensic scientist neither am i", "jsOSAsAmdqA-00036-00017838-00018384": "but I do want all the information to be out there well anyways yesterday or", "jsOSAsAmdqA-00037-00018384-00018828": "maybe this morning a statement was released from one of the women who was", "jsOSAsAmdqA-00038-00018828-00019182": "supposedly involved in this situation where Cole was talking about it and she", "jsOSAsAmdqA-00039-00019182-00019614": "released this over on Instagram it says to speak on this video that Cole", "jsOSAsAmdqA-00040-00019614-00020004": "Carrigan posted some of you have already figured out that I'm the other girl", "jsOSAsAmdqA-00041-00020004-00020361": "they're talking about in the video I feel like this was made for the wrong", "jsOSAsAmdqA-00042-00020361-00020622": "reasons and this wasn't cold story to share", "jsOSAsAmdqA-00043-00020622-00021098": "Cole even texted me saying we could potentially get paid $100,000 from this", "jsOSAsAmdqA-00044-00021098-00021510": "following the claim that dramaalert was paid five hundred thousand dollars swipe", "jsOSAsAmdqA-00045-00021510-00021993": "right to see text I wasn't aware Amanda or Cole were in contact with dramaalert", "jsOSAsAmdqA-00046-00021993-00022458": "to anonymously one-hour story but I was aware of Cole's video being made and I", "jsOSAsAmdqA-00047-00022458-00022926": "only wanted it to be factual if it was ever going to be posted I wanted to say", "jsOSAsAmdqA-00048-00022926-00023351": "that all submit Broome is not to blame in the situation and did not rape me or", "jsOSAsAmdqA-00049-00023351-00023795": "anyone I'm currently handling this situation in my own way I brought this", "jsOSAsAmdqA-00050-00023795-00024204": "to social media to address the false accusation this isn't what I wanted", "jsOSAsAmdqA-00051-00024204-00024751": "there's several sides to every story and this isn't how I wanted to tell mine", "jsOSAsAmdqA-00052-00024751-00025392": "then here's a screenshot of the text from pull and it says hey sorry I didn't", "jsOSAsAmdqA-00053-00025392-00025898": "hear you out you caught me off guard texted me and I overreacted says yeah I", "jsOSAsAmdqA-00054-00025898-00026388": "get it no worries there's some stuff blacked out it says even proof but the", "jsOSAsAmdqA-00055-00026388-00026852": "point of this not to upload the video or video the", "jsOSAsAmdqA-00056-00026852-00027231": "point of this is to scare them into paying us off because they paid Rommel", "jsOSAsAmdqA-00057-00027231-00027843": "or $500,000 so I'm sure they would pay me a hundred thousand or more not to say", "jsOSAsAmdqA-00058-00027843-00028407": "stuff and then I would split that with you guys if you help me and send me all", "jsOSAsAmdqA-00059-00028407-00028958": "the receipts that I need all right so this does not look good for cold", "jsOSAsAmdqA-00060-00028958-00029349": "Kerrigan and in a second we're going to talk about the importance of", "jsOSAsAmdqA-00061-00029349-00029888": "understanding the human brain and bias and confirmation bias okay but anyways", "jsOSAsAmdqA-00062-00029888-00030624": "Austin McBroom just tweeted this out this morning and it says if you have not", "jsOSAsAmdqA-00063-00030624-00031050": "heard I have recently been the victim of extortion defamation and slander I knew", "jsOSAsAmdqA-00064-00031050-00031458": "this was a cold world but never did I foresee something that's disturbing upon", "jsOSAsAmdqA-00065-00031458-00031860": "me thank you all my ace family members for all of your concerns and thank you", "jsOSAsAmdqA-00066-00031860-00032361": "to those who know my character and my heart I don't wish this upon anyone and", "jsOSAsAmdqA-00067-00032361-00032787": "I can only hope that those responsible for this learn from their mistakes and", "jsOSAsAmdqA-00068-00032787-00033036": "become better people my family and I are dealing with this", "jsOSAsAmdqA-00069-00033036-00033441": "matter privately and taking legal action bullying extortion slander and", "jsOSAsAmdqA-00070-00033441-00033876": "defamation of character is something I will not stand for and I can compromise", "jsOSAsAmdqA-00071-00033876-00034608": "that justice will be or I can promise that justice will be served all right so", "jsOSAsAmdqA-00072-00034608-00035103": "here's what we need to take away from this all right I highly recommend I", "jsOSAsAmdqA-00073-00035103-00035528": "highly recommend that everybody pick up a copy of this book predictably", "jsOSAsAmdqA-00074-00035528-00035946": "irrational by Dan Ariely I've been really just diving into the", "jsOSAsAmdqA-00075-00035946-00036572": "psychology and neuroscience as to why we as people are just so damn irrational", "jsOSAsAmdqA-00076-00036572-00036993": "and this book by Dan Ariely is just so phenomenal I highly suggest that you", "jsOSAsAmdqA-00077-00036993-00037605": "check it out all right but here's the issue our brains are wired okay they are", "jsOSAsAmdqA-00078-00037605-00038351": "wired to confirm what we already feel is true all right and this is especially", "jsOSAsAmdqA-00079-00038351-00038969": "bad when we like or dislike a person because we'll believe just about", "jsOSAsAmdqA-00080-00038969-00039534": "anything so Kolk arrogance situation all right if those texts are real now we're", "jsOSAsAmdqA-00081-00039534-00040063": "shared about him trying to get paid off mm like think about this for a second in", "jsOSAsAmdqA-00082-00040063-00040556": "Cole's mind because keemstar came out and showed like the full context of", "jsOSAsAmdqA-00083-00040556-00040888": "those tax said that he was being sarcastic and joking and like I think", "jsOSAsAmdqA-00084-00040888-00041186": "anybody can tell like I'm not a huge fan of Kings Tucker you could tell that that", "jsOSAsAmdqA-00085-00041186-00041606": "was a joke right but in Cole's mind because he wanted", "jsOSAsAmdqA-00086-00041606-00042263": "that payoff his mind made him believe that King star actually got paid five", "jsOSAsAmdqA-00087-00042263-00042911": "hundred thousand dollars which then skewed Cole's motivation to try to get", "jsOSAsAmdqA-00088-00042911-00043750": "paid off as well a hundred grand all right now from the statement from Leslie", "jsOSAsAmdqA-00089-00043750-00044369": "like it sounds like something sounds like something happened okay and as much", "jsOSAsAmdqA-00090-00044369-00045035": "as I'm not a fan of keemstar as a person it seems like he really tries to do his", "jsOSAsAmdqA-00091-00045035-00045686": "job better than he has done in the past and I have to respect that anyways", "jsOSAsAmdqA-00092-00045686-00046076": "go watch the new drama alert but like it sounds like something happened but you", "jsOSAsAmdqA-00093-00046076-00046427": "can't just go around running stories especially when it comes to something as", "jsOSAsAmdqA-00094-00046427-00046832": "serious a sexual assault until all the facts and everything are out so it", "jsOSAsAmdqA-00095-00046832-00047138": "sounds like something happened and this is what I was talking about in my video", "jsOSAsAmdqA-00096-00047138-00047422": "yesterday when something like this happens it needs to go to the proper", "jsOSAsAmdqA-00097-00047422-00047927": "authorities it has to we cannot do the court of public opinion we cannot do you", "jsOSAsAmdqA-00098-00047927-00048269": "know mob justice and everything like that like reading through the comments", "jsOSAsAmdqA-00099-00048269-00048899": "on my video yesterday like this is one of the issues is that the the pendulum", "jsOSAsAmdqA-00100-00048899-00049594": "has swung so far where it's like believe everything that you hear but we have to", "jsOSAsAmdqA-00101-00049594-00049966": "be careful because this can destroy lives this can end lives like there was", "jsOSAsAmdqA-00102-00049966-00050416": "somebody who left like five comments on my video yesterday right and I tried so", "jsOSAsAmdqA-00103-00050416-00050927": "hard to word it in and be empathetic and say hey let's chill and like just bring", "jsOSAsAmdqA-00104-00050927-00051316": "up like both sides of this person's like all I hear is that you're you're being a", "jsOSAsAmdqA-00105-00051316-00051824": "rape sympathizer and it's like no like I'm trying to use biological part of the", "jsOSAsAmdqA-00106-00051824-00052279": "brain rather than my emotional part of the brain it's a lot easier for us to", "jsOSAsAmdqA-00107-00052279-00052724": "run around and just be extremely emotional but if any of you have lived", "jsOSAsAmdqA-00108-00052724-00052922": "more than five minutes you know that running off", "jsOSAsAmdqA-00109-00052922-00053514": "emotions purely is never a good idea so talking about cold Carrigan's", "jsOSAsAmdqA-00110-00053514-00053852": "confirmation bias we need to talk about the confirmation bias of the community", "jsOSAsAmdqA-00111-00053852-00054326": "like I don't know because all the facts aren't out there but it sounds like", "jsOSAsAmdqA-00112-00054326-00054719": "Austin McBroom is a cheater all right that's what it sounds like", "jsOSAsAmdqA-00113-00054719-00055397": "okay we'll probably see more come out soon all right and Austin McBroom a lot", "jsOSAsAmdqA-00114-00055397-00055763": "of people don't like him there was recently I think the most recent thing", "jsOSAsAmdqA-00115-00055763-00055985": "was like they were jet skiing and their pool and screwing up their neighbors", "jsOSAsAmdqA-00116-00055985-00056408": "yards and things like that but listen very carefully this is what confirmation", "jsOSAsAmdqA-00117-00056408-00056980": "bias comes in again just because you don't like somebody doesn't mean that", "jsOSAsAmdqA-00118-00056980-00057587": "you can believe every negative thing about them and I just I just make these", "jsOSAsAmdqA-00119-00057587-00057941": "videos because I hope people start to understand right like look at what", "jsOSAsAmdqA-00120-00057941-00058541": "happened to James Charles it went from him being a shitty friend promoting", "jsOSAsAmdqA-00121-00058541-00059126": "sugarbear hair to like 10 minutes later being accused of being a sexual predator", "jsOSAsAmdqA-00122-00059126-00059467": "all right like somebody can be a bad friend and", "jsOSAsAmdqA-00123-00059467-00059963": "not be a sexual predator okay so I'm like Austin McBroom can be a cheater and", "jsOSAsAmdqA-00124-00059963-00060541": "a cocky asshole but that doesn't mean that he's a rapist all right like we", "jsOSAsAmdqA-00125-00060541-00061019": "need to start separating these things we can't just believe everything on the", "jsOSAsAmdqA-00126-00061019-00061511": "basis that we don't like somebody so we're gonna believe everything all right", "jsOSAsAmdqA-00127-00061511-00061973": "tonight is the democratic debates all right so getting into politics real", "jsOSAsAmdqA-00128-00061973-00062501": "quick this is how Russia hacked our election last time okay", "jsOSAsAmdqA-00129-00062501-00063166": "like they knew how to play into confirmation bias people will share any", "jsOSAsAmdqA-00130-00063166-00063815": "headline that confirms what they always already believe all right so here's my", "jsOSAsAmdqA-00131-00063815-00064397": "message to all of you slow down and use the logical part of your brain do not", "jsOSAsAmdqA-00132-00064397-00064870": "run off of your emotions this is what separates us from the rest of the", "jsOSAsAmdqA-00133-00064870-00065219": "mammals all right and rest of the animals out there we have a prefrontal", "jsOSAsAmdqA-00134-00065219-00065750": "cortex okay that helps us with logical decision-making and when we run off", "jsOSAsAmdqA-00135-00065750-00066104": "emotions we not using that alright but anyways I", "jsOSAsAmdqA-00136-00066104-00066433": "gotta head out to Los Angeles make sure you're following me over on Instagram", "jsOSAsAmdqA-00137-00066433-00066973": "and Twitter after rewired Seoul for updates and wish me luck getting a", "jsOSAsAmdqA-00138-00066973-00067454": "picture with Leon watch tweet at him and say yo Leon mush go go go meet Chris", "jsOSAsAmdqA-00139-00067454-00068029": "from the rewired soul but anyways yeah I I will try to upload while I'm out of", "jsOSAsAmdqA-00140-00068029-00068441": "town from my hotel room depending on the internet and everything like that but", "jsOSAsAmdqA-00141-00068441-00068931": "anyways that's all I got I'll see you next time"}}]