[{"audio_id": "4a0kZX74G-0", "text": {"4a0kZX74G-0-00000-00000000-00000204": "All your burning St  Patrick's Day questions answered - World News - Breaking Video", "4a0kZX74G-0-00001-00000204-00000746": "Hi, my name is Tony me all your burning st. Patrick's Day questions answered", "4a0kZX74G-0-00002-00000803-00001459": "Every March 17th the world suddenly looks a bit green or as people down the color to celebrate st. Patrick's Day", "4a0kZX74G-0-00003-00001524-00002159": "From shamrocks and leprechauns to corned beef and green beer. Here's what you need to know about the holiday", "4a0kZX74G-0-00004-00002205-00002405": "What is st. Patrick's Day?", "4a0kZX74G-0-00005-00002435-00002941": "St. Patrick's Day is the feast day of st. Patrick. Who is the patron saint of Ireland?", "4a0kZX74G-0-00006-00002993-00003547": "In addition to its religious roots. The holiday has become synonymous with the color green", "4a0kZX74G-0-00007-00003605-00003805": "shamrocks and festive drinking", "4a0kZX74G-0-00008-00003828-00004255": "St. Patrick was a Christian missionary who converted the Irish people to Christianity", "4a0kZX74G-0-00009-00004350-00004550": "He was born in Britain in", "4a0kZX74G-0-00010-00004569-00004946": "385 ad and brought to Ireland as a slave when he was 16", "4a0kZX74G-0-00011-00005003-00005764": "Six years later he escaped to a French monastery became a priest and returned to Ireland to spread the teachings of Christianity", "4a0kZX74G-0-00012-00005889-00006151": "Legend says that he also drove the snakes out of Ireland", "4a0kZX74G-0-00013-00006216-00006369": "however", "4a0kZX74G-0-00014-00006369-00006925": "Biologists say there were never any snakes in Ireland in the first place. How do people celebrate?", "4a0kZX74G-0-00015-00007020-00007478": "Saint Patrick's Day is primarily celebrated as a religious holiday in Ireland", "4a0kZX74G-0-00016-00007539-00007882": "Thanks stores and businesses shut down for the national holiday", "4a0kZX74G-0-00017-00008018-00008416": "Traditionally the Irish go to church in the morning and pray for missionaries", "4a0kZX74G-0-00018-00008507-00008962": "Drinking dancing and music are also part of the festivities later in the day", "4a0kZX74G-0-00019-00009021-00009539": "Most of the u.s. Celebrates the occasion as a secular holiday the first st", "4a0kZX74G-0-00020-00009539-00009889": "Patrick's Day celebration in America was held in Boston in", "4a0kZX74G-0-00021-00009957-00010079": "1737", "4a0kZX74G-0-00022-00010079-00010660": "Today, there are huge parades in New York City Chicago and Savannah Georgia as well", "4a0kZX74G-0-00023-00010767-00011461": "Although the traditional meal eaten on the holiday in Ireland Islam or bacon Irish Americans eat corned beef and cabbage", "4a0kZX74G-0-00024-00011520-00011750": "Why are there shamrocks everywhere?", "4a0kZX74G-0-00025-00011814-00012109": "Legend has it that st. Patrick used a three leaf clover", "4a0kZX74G-0-00026-00012179-00012700": "Otherwise known as a shamrock to explain the concept of the Holy Trinity to pagans", "4a0kZX74G-0-00027-00012789-00013327": "Shamrocks are also the national flower emblem of Ireland. Why is everything green?", "4a0kZX74G-0-00028-00013388-00014002": "The original color of Saint Patrick's Day was actually blue but over time Green won out", "4a0kZX74G-0-00029-00014040-00014467": "The color green is a nod to Ireland's nickname the Emerald Isle", "4a0kZX74G-0-00030-00014535-00015076": "Wearing green on st. Patrick's Day is supposed to prevent you from getting pinched by a leprechaun", "4a0kZX74G-0-00031-00015165-00015652": "Leprechauns are tricky mythical fairies in Irish folklore who like to pinch anyone in sight", "4a0kZX74G-0-00032-00015716-00016201": "However, legend says that wearing green makes you invisible to these feisty creatures", "4a0kZX74G-0-00033-00016241-00016504": "The color is also politically symbolic", "4a0kZX74G-0-00034-00016551-00017170": "green is associated with the Irish nationalist movement against the English crown in the 1600s and", "4a0kZX74G-0-00035-00017220-00017420": "when Irish immigrants came to America", "4a0kZX74G-0-00036-00017466-00017771": "They wore green to show pride for their home country", "4a0kZX74G-0-00037-00017814-00018338": "Thank you for watching for the follow up subscribe to the channel yourself here"}}, {"audio_id": "4aCU7gICBdQ", "text": {"4aCU7gICBdQ-00000-00000000-00000314": "\"It's raining outside, but how's the weather in your heart?\"", "4aCU7gICBdQ-00001-00000332-00001442": "Municipalities across Japan are reaching middle-aged social recluses, trying to help them find their place in society without focusing solely on getting them into the business world.", "4aCU7gICBdQ-00002-00001468-00002796": "Japan has about 540,000 people aged 15 to 39 who, apart from dealing with small household chores, isolate themselves from the outside world for 6 months or more at a time, according to a 2016 government estimate.", "4aCU7gICBdQ-00003-00002804-00004122": "According to some testimonies, these reclusive citizens prolong withdrawals causing concern for the future when their parents grow old and become increasingly incapable of supporting them physically, financially or both.", "4aCU7gICBdQ-00004-00004148-00005230": "Already in the early 2000s, the national government had tried to help with training programs, but it was aimed only at those under 40, excluding middle-aged people.", "4aCU7gICBdQ-00005-00005232-00006206": "The capital of Hokkaido, Sapporo, is changing its approach by helping the socially withdrawn people of the city to take small steps forward, rather than forcing them into a huge leap.", "4aCU7gICBdQ-00006-00006222-00007428": "\"It's raining outside, but how's the weather in your heart?\" a male staff member asked a group of about a dozen people between 30 and 50 years at a meeting in downtown Sapporo in July.", "4aCU7gICBdQ-00007-00007442-00007973": "Organized meeting with the aim of helping isolated people to gain a foothold in everyday life.", "4aCU7gICBdQ-00008-00007981-00008922": "The staff is mainly composed of people who have suffered from a tendency to reject the outside world and who can, therefore, empathize with what the participants say, according to the group.", "4aCU7gICBdQ-00009-00008926-00009620": "A thirty-year-old woman who took part in the session said she joined because she wanted to be \"able to talk to people, even just a little bit\"", "4aCU7gICBdQ-00010-00009620-00010704": "She said that he struggled to socialize since he was a high school and considered himself \"unable to work\" when he graduated from university and entered a labor market that was tight at the time", "4aCU7gICBdQ-00011-00010704-00011310": "For the following 16 years she spent most of her days hidden in his computer and his manga", "4aCU7gICBdQ-00012-00011328-00012508": "But when her father retired, she realized how much she needed a change. At the rally, she played card games and talked to others. When she left, her \"internal weather\" had improved from \"rainy\" to \"cloudy\".", "4aCU7gICBdQ-00013-00012528-00013654": "During the one-year period, the Sapporo government received about 1,000 requests from families with a member who lived his life cut off from society. About 30% involved people over 40", "4aCU7gICBdQ-00014-00013656-00014728": "Junya Sugawara, an official from the city of Sapporo in charge of providing assistance, said that the rare link with nonprofi associations was necessary to attract the many postponements of the city.", "4aCU7gICBdQ-00015-00014738-00015562": "These people often don't have good vision of the administrative authorities, thinking that they will be forced to do things that they do not ready to do", "4aCU7gICBdQ-00016-00015562-00016970": "Japan addresses what the welfare community calls \"the 80/50 problem\", in which these isolated people reach age 50 when their parents enter the 1980s, when they are more likely to get sick or need nursing.", "4aCU7gICBdQ-00017-00016970-00018176": "This confluence of factors can put a strain on the whole family. By bringing social workers with psychiatric backgrounds to the rally, the city hopes to connect the participants with the support they need, said Sugawara.", "4aCU7gICBdQ-00018-00018182-00018978": "Local efforts to address the problem are also underway in the prefectures of Hyogo and Kumamoto, as well as in the city of Hamamatsu and elsewhere.", "4aCU7gICBdQ-00019-00018992-00020382": "The government's previous work assistance program did not necessarily meet the needs of these people, and the age limit,\" said Atsushi Tanaka, head of Letter Post Friend Consultation Network", "4aCU7gICBdQ-00020-00020390-00021142": "\"What is important is the process by which they build strength in a place they belong to and try to take the first step on their own,\" he said.", "4aCU7gICBdQ-00021-00021166-00021720": "Did you know this phenomenon? let us know in the comments", "4aCU7gICBdQ-00022-00021748-00022514": "You can find Sebastiano Serafini's music in all major digital stores and don't forget to follow him on instagram too"}}, {"audio_id": "4ae-szLJLP4", "text": {"4ae-szLJLP4-00000-00001288-00001544": "do we need to be afraid of gophers and moles in the garden", "4ae-szLJLP4-00001-00001544-00001904": "or can we take advantage of their unique skills in order to improve our soil", "4ae-szLJLP4-00002-00001968-00002320": "i'm matt coming at you from farm for all and in this video i'm going to look at some of", "4ae-szLJLP4-00003-00002320-00002952": "the techniques that i use in order to essentially herd gophers and moles around the garden so that", "4ae-szLJLP4-00004-00002952-00003552": "they can improve our heavy clay and rock filled soil while protecting my plants at the same time", "4ae-szLJLP4-00005-00003624-00004120": "let's do it why do people have such an antagonistic relationship with gophers and moles", "4ae-szLJLP4-00006-00004184-00004584": "for some it's aesthetic with all of these little mounds of soil popping up all over the lawn and", "4ae-szLJLP4-00007-00004584-00005192": "garden it can be a bit of an eyesore stay tuned to the end of the video and i hope i can convince you", "4ae-szLJLP4-00008-00005280-00005712": "to relax your prejudices just because of how beneficial these animals can be", "4ae-szLJLP4-00009-00005712-00006352": "the thing that's on more of our minds i'm sure is ah they're eating my plants i've got a solution", "4ae-szLJLP4-00010-00006352-00006936": "for that but first let's take a look at why exactly our soil conditions are creating the", "4ae-szLJLP4-00011-00006936-00007384": "conditions that are right for gophers and moles to begin with think about it you can't make", "4ae-szLJLP4-00012-00007384-00007912": "tunnels in light and airy soil just collapse if you're seeing signs of gophers and moles", "4ae-szLJLP4-00013-00008023-00008568": "what you need to understand is that you have enough soil compaction to support their tunnels", "4ae-szLJLP4-00014-00008568-00009160": "and that's ultimately the problem we're trying to solve so how exactly do gophers improve the soil", "4ae-szLJLP4-00015-00009224-00010024": "as you can see right here they do a pretty good job of relieving compaction", "4ae-szLJLP4-00016-00010024-00010656": "check out how nice and loose this is compared to even just the hard ground right next to it", "4ae-szLJLP4-00017-00010776-00011240": "because most of this decompaction is happening underground it's preserving the plant life and", "4ae-szLJLP4-00018-00011240-00011744": "mulch that's on the surface of the soil and unlike with traditional tilling you don't", "4ae-szLJLP4-00019-00011744-00012360": "end up with a very fine dusty layer of soil on the top which ends up just getting re-compacted", "4ae-szLJLP4-00020-00012360-00012984": "and even compacted worse anytime it rains or irrigation is applied the second thing that's", "4ae-szLJLP4-00021-00012984-00013647": "improved by these tunnels is water infiltration typically with hard compacted soils water just", "4ae-szLJLP4-00022-00013647-00014200": "runs off the soil surface and doesn't get down to your plant's roots where it can do some good", "4ae-szLJLP4-00023-00014200-00014808": "with these tunnels the water sinks right in gets down to the root level and ultimately recharges", "4ae-szLJLP4-00024-00014808-00015352": "groundwater just like we typically do with larger earth works like swales and ponds in this case", "4ae-szLJLP4-00025-00015352-00015960": "we're doing it on a micro level third of all roads poop a lot if you've ever kept rabbits", "4ae-szLJLP4-00026-00015960-00016456": "or guinea pigs you know that they poop a lot and you probably also know that their poop", "4ae-szLJLP4-00027-00016456-00016984": "is one of the best fertilizers that money can buy that is you can find anyone who's willing", "4ae-szLJLP4-00028-00016984-00017424": "to part with something so amazing for something as pedestrian as cash so that's what gophers and", "4ae-szLJLP4-00029-00017424-00018088": "moles do to improve soil they relieve compaction they infiltrate water and they increase fertility", "4ae-szLJLP4-00030-00018144-00018608": "but what about the elephant in the room how do we keep them from destroying our plants", "4ae-szLJLP4-00031-00018608-00019088": "first of all we can track the direction that gophers and walls are headed because every few", "4ae-szLJLP4-00032-00019088-00019784": "days a mound of soil will appear and the newest one is going to have a hole just like this one", "4ae-szLJLP4-00033-00020000-00020656": "and so we can figure out where the mole is now versus where it came from and", "4ae-szLJLP4-00034-00020656-00021168": "use that to determine the general direction that they're headed in what i've discovered is that if", "4ae-szLJLP4-00035-00021168-00021656": "they're heading towards a plant that we want to protect there are a couple of easy techniques to", "4ae-szLJLP4-00036-00021656-00022320": "encourage them to change direction for starters we want to find the hole that's heading towards", "4ae-szLJLP4-00037-00022320-00022768": "the plants we want to protect and we just want to stomp the soil back into it to refill it", "4ae-szLJLP4-00038-00022920-00023464": "and the other thing we want to do is apply our secret ingredient if you already watched my", "4ae-szLJLP4-00039-00023464-00024016": "previous video on protecting germinating peas then you already know what that secret ingredient is", "4ae-szLJLP4-00040-00024128-00024664": "urine i already explained in that other video why urine is so powerful as a deterrent for", "4ae-szLJLP4-00041-00024664-00025168": "small animals i'll go ahead and link that video at the end so you can watch it if you haven't already", "4ae-szLJLP4-00042-00025168-00025664": "it's a game changer with moles and gophers i have this young blueberry right here that", "4ae-szLJLP4-00043-00025727-00026200": "my gopher friend was heading right towards and i know it's kind of hard to tell now that we've come", "4ae-szLJLP4-00044-00026200-00026783": "in and mulched it this past weekend but i use this technique and i don't know if you can see it now", "4ae-szLJLP4-00045-00026864-00027672": "but there are all these holes here that the gopher left as it was moving away from the blueberries", "4ae-szLJLP4-00046-00027672-00028239": "so this technique totally worked to discourage him from hanging out over here next to my plants", "4ae-szLJLP4-00047-00028239-00029032": "and i've got this blueberry here some strawberries another blueberry way back there i've got a honey", "4ae-szLJLP4-00048-00029032-00029944": "berry and some multiplier onions and an almond definitely stuff that i don't want him uh not", "4ae-szLJLP4-00049-00029944-00030527": "on the roots of so let's put why this works into terms that we can understand as humans", "4ae-szLJLP4-00050-00030592-00031095": "imagine you're working on a big project maybe you're writing something big for work or working", "4ae-szLJLP4-00051-00031095-00031839": "on spreadsheets or adding video some big project and your computer crashes and you lose hours and", "4ae-szLJLP4-00052-00031839-00032527": "hours or days worth of work how eager are you to jump right back in and do that work all over again", "4ae-szLJLP4-00053-00032632-00033032": "if you're like me not very eager you need at least a couple of days to", "4ae-szLJLP4-00054-00033128-00033832": "just take a breather then you can jump back in and do it the other thing imagine you're", "4ae-szLJLP4-00055-00033832-00034736": "going on a hike and imagine you're seeing lots of signs of cougar activity or worse", "4ae-szLJLP4-00056-00034736-00035528": "there have been reports of cougar attacks on humans if you know that they're in an area how", "4ae-szLJLP4-00057-00035528-00036152": "likely are you to go hike there probably not very likely you're going to choose a safer spot that's", "4ae-szLJLP4-00058-00036152-00036560": "basically what we're accomplishing with these techniques first of all we're making it a waste", "4ae-szLJLP4-00059-00036560-00037064": "of their time to put tunnels where we don't want them we're just going to smash them in anywhere", "4ae-szLJLP4-00060-00037064-00037640": "that they put them that we don't want them by creating a clear boundary that they can smell", "4ae-szLJLP4-00061-00037712-00038120": "and learning to associate that smell with getting their tunnels smashed in", "4ae-szLJLP4-00062-00038120-00038664": "they're going to avoid anything that we've clearly designated as ours let's face it it takes a lot", "4ae-szLJLP4-00063-00038664-00039280": "of work to dig these tunnels and requires lots of food and energy to do it so they don't want", "4ae-szLJLP4-00064-00039280-00039888": "to do work that's just going to end up going to waste to reiterate gophers improve soil compaction", "4ae-szLJLP4-00065-00039952-00040736": "water infiltration and even soil fertility and we can take advantage of these unique skills", "4ae-szLJLP4-00066-00040736-00041464": "by leaning on the inherent laziness and fear of all animals while the gopher might be", "4ae-szLJLP4-00067-00041576-00042168": "annoyed and inconvenienced by our actions they at least get to live another day and we can live", "4ae-szLJLP4-00068-00042168-00042720": "in harmony with them while enjoying all of the benefits that they provide i'm matt here at farm", "4ae-szLJLP4-00069-00042720-00043280": "for all i hope this video has been helpful and thank you for watching subscribe to the channel", "4ae-szLJLP4-00070-00043280-00044176": "now for future permaculture experiments and then select one of these videos to continue the journey"}}, {"audio_id": "4aI7rSF2vsg", "text": {"4aI7rSF2vsg-00000-00000013-00000155": "Here's some disappointing news.", "4aI7rSF2vsg-00001-00000165-00000880": "The Dodge Charger, that is the muscle car that you hear driving down your street at night, eleven at night, waking you up.", "4aI7rSF2vsg-00002-00000887-00001443": "They're going to make them all EVs, but they have noise.", "4aI7rSF2vsg-00003-00001487-00001555": "End noise.", "4aI7rSF2vsg-00004-00001561-00002427": "Brian, in fact, the whole back is this pretend exhaust, which is essentially a dispersion speaker for V8 engine noise.", "4aI7rSF2vsg-00005-00002444-00002619": "And then you go to a muffler shop.", "4aI7rSF2vsg-00006-00002624-00003379": "Muffler shops will now be like an audio visual place where they put in a bigger amp to make the car louder instead of trying to modify the muffler."}}, {"audio_id": "4aLVwkH5vlA", "text": {"4aLVwkH5vlA-00000-00000000-00000200": "This is what…", "4aLVwkH5vlA-00001-00000200-00000400": "…but with a bad font…"}}, {"audio_id": "4aRB7-gPPok", "text": {"4aRB7-gPPok-00000-00000000-00006090": "🌟 🇺🇸 Costume of the Primeval Girl of the Wild for the girl — Shop GrandStart.ru 🌟"}}, {"audio_id": "4b8paunbQoo", "text": {"4b8paunbQoo-00000-00000505-00000803": ">> Here's an example.", "4b8paunbQoo-00001-00000842-00001065": "Someone sent me this article", "4b8paunbQoo-00002-00001065-00001400": "from Slate, the online magazine.", "4b8paunbQoo-00003-00001506-00001582": "Here's an example", "4b8paunbQoo-00004-00001582-00001767": "of how history actually has a", "4b8paunbQoo-00005-00001786-00001957": "practical effect,", "4b8paunbQoo-00006-00001989-00002037": "practical,", "4b8paunbQoo-00007-00002082-00002205": "right on the moment.", "4b8paunbQoo-00008-00002341-00002441": "As you're all aware,", "4b8paunbQoo-00009-00002441-00002819": "the NCAA basketball tournament", "4b8paunbQoo-00010-00002863-00003133": "kicked off last weekend,", "4b8paunbQoo-00011-00003214-00003640": "both men and women tournaments.", "4b8paunbQoo-00012-00003640-00003883": "The initial games took place", "4b8paunbQoo-00013-00003883-00004075": "in 32 different cities", "4b8paunbQoo-00014-00004097-00004191": "across the country.", "4b8paunbQoo-00015-00004280-00004481": "But none of those cities are", "4b8paunbQoo-00016-00004481-00004790": "in the state of South Carolina", "4b8paunbQoo-00017-00004801-00004893": "or Mississippi.", "4b8paunbQoo-00018-00005013-00005100": "Anyone know why?", "4b8paunbQoo-00019-00005172-00005292": "They got every other state", "4b8paunbQoo-00020-00005292-00005385": "(well, 32 of them).", "4b8paunbQoo-00021-00005415-00005575": "How come no game was played", "4b8paunbQoo-00022-00005575-00005672": "in South Carolina?", "4b8paunbQoo-00023-00005672-00005781": "They got stadiums there.", "4b8paunbQoo-00024-00005787-00005992": "South Carolina or Mississippi.", "4b8paunbQoo-00025-00006020-00006213": "I didn't know either,", "4b8paunbQoo-00026-00006213-00006349": "but here it is.", "4b8paunbQoo-00027-00006349-00006456": "The NCAA has a rule", "4b8paunbQoo-00028-00006456-00006588": "that they will not schedule", "4b8paunbQoo-00029-00006588-00006778": "tournament games in states", "4b8paunbQoo-00030-00006810-00007082": "where the Confederate flag still", "4b8paunbQoo-00031-00007082-00007246": "flies at the state", "4b8paunbQoo-00032-00007259-00007369": "capitol grounds. [laughter]", "4b8paunbQoo-00033-00007473-00007668": "And South Carolina", "4b8paunbQoo-00034-00007668-00007813": "and Mississippi are the two", "4b8paunbQoo-00035-00007813-00008071": "states that still have Confederate -- or it's what they", "4b8paunbQoo-00036-00008071-00008197": "call actually the Confederate", "4b8paunbQoo-00037-00008204-00008301": "battle flag, which is,", "4b8paunbQoo-00038-00008301-00008455": "it's a little complicated,", "4b8paunbQoo-00039-00008455-00008557": "it's a flag that was taken", "4b8paunbQoo-00040-00008557-00008609": "into battle,", "4b8paunbQoo-00041-00008609-00008720": "not the official flag.", "4b8paunbQoo-00042-00008720-00008783": "Nonetheless,", "4b8paunbQoo-00043-00008783-00009022": "it's a Confederate flag.", "4b8paunbQoo-00044-00009124-00009365": "So that's interesting.", "4b8paunbQoo-00045-00009365-00009594": "South Carolina,", "4b8paunbQoo-00046-00009594-00009757": "Mississippi have failed", "4b8paunbQoo-00047-00009757-00010059": "to remove these flags,", "4b8paunbQoo-00048-00010059-00010175": "and so they won't host these", "4b8paunbQoo-00049-00010175-00010363": "games until they do,", "4b8paunbQoo-00050-00010382-00010485": "which means money,", "4b8paunbQoo-00051-00010485-00010560": "among other things.", "4b8paunbQoo-00052-00010717-00010991": "I hate to seem like I pick", "4b8paunbQoo-00053-00010991-00011101": "on South Carolina [laughter]", "4b8paunbQoo-00054-00011162-00011357": "because I actually taught", "4b8paunbQoo-00055-00011357-00011466": "as a visiting professor", "4b8paunbQoo-00056-00011466-00011539": "there once.", "4b8paunbQoo-00057-00011539-00011641": "I have a lot of friends", "4b8paunbQoo-00058-00011641-00011730": "in South Carolina,", "4b8paunbQoo-00059-00011730-00011801": "at the University", "4b8paunbQoo-00060-00011801-00011888": "of South Carolina.", "4b8paunbQoo-00061-00011894-00012060": "They're extremely hospitable", "4b8paunbQoo-00062-00012098-00012273": "and generous", "4b8paunbQoo-00063-00012273-00012421": "to visitors like me.", "4b8paunbQoo-00064-00012515-00012651": "But there is something weird", "4b8paunbQoo-00065-00012659-00012751": "about the place [laughter],", "4b8paunbQoo-00066-00012888-00013053": "as Sinha pointed out.", "4b8paunbQoo-00067-00013138-00013351": "So this is from today.", "4b8paunbQoo-00068-00013351-00013498": "The College of Charleston,", "4b8paunbQoo-00069-00013498-00013587": "College of Charleston,", "4b8paunbQoo-00070-00013587-00013664": "a good college,", "4b8paunbQoo-00071-00013702-00013827": "has just chosen its", "4b8paunbQoo-00072-00013827-00013932": "new president.", "4b8paunbQoo-00073-00013932-00014248": "This is maybe an inside job.", "4b8paunbQoo-00074-00014248-00014421": "The new president is the current", "4b8paunbQoo-00075-00014421-00014534": "lieutenant governor", "4b8paunbQoo-00076-00014534-00014639": "of South Carolina.", "4b8paunbQoo-00077-00014710-00014812": "So he's just moved... Alright.", "4b8paunbQoo-00078-00014812-00015125": "A lot of protest has emerged", "4b8paunbQoo-00079-00015125-00015216": "about this choice", "4b8paunbQoo-00080-00015219-00015395": "because he is a leading member", "4b8paunbQoo-00081-00015395-00015481": "of the Sons", "4b8paunbQoo-00082-00015481-00015671": "of Confederate Veterans.", "4b8paunbQoo-00083-00015750-00015908": "And until recently,", "4b8paunbQoo-00084-00015908-00016101": "he ran a store in Charleston,", "4b8paunbQoo-00085-00016101-00016187": "specializing", "4b8paunbQoo-00086-00016187-00016380": "in Confederate memorabilia.", "4b8paunbQoo-00087-00016504-00016884": "And in 2010,", "4b8paunbQoo-00088-00016903-00017203": "he attended a meeting", "4b8paunbQoo-00089-00017203-00017377": "of the National Federation", "4b8paunbQoo-00090-00017377-00017533": "of Republican Women,", "4b8paunbQoo-00091-00017602-00017838": "dressed in a Confederate uniform", "4b8paunbQoo-00092-00017874-00018020": "and posed for a picture", "4b8paunbQoo-00093-00018020-00018169": "with two black people", "4b8paunbQoo-00094-00018169-00018206": "who appeared", "4b8paunbQoo-00095-00018206-00018375": "to be dressed as slaves.", "4b8paunbQoo-00096-00018611-00018663": "[background murmuring]", "4b8paunbQoo-00097-00018663-00018755": "There was criticism of that. [laughter]", "4b8paunbQoo-00098-00018825-00019080": "And this is how", "4b8paunbQoo-00099-00019080-00019150": "he responded.", "4b8paunbQoo-00100-00019150-00019379": "This is the new president", "4b8paunbQoo-00101-00019379-00019461": "of the College", "4b8paunbQoo-00102-00019461-00019657": "of Charleston.", "4b8paunbQoo-00103-00019657-00019781": "Quote, \"If somebody is trying", "4b8paunbQoo-00104-00019781-00019891": "to be politically correct", "4b8paunbQoo-00105-00019891-00020083": "and use a tunnel vision on it", "4b8paunbQoo-00106-00020083-00020298": "and hook into the slavery issue,", "4b8paunbQoo-00107-00020361-00020533": "they're on a slippery slope", "4b8paunbQoo-00108-00020533-00020699": "toward narrow-mindedness", "4b8paunbQoo-00109-00020699-00020819": "and they should extend the", "4b8paunbQoo-00110-00020819-00020976": "charity of understanding.\" [laughter]", "4b8paunbQoo-00111-00021259-00021364": "Now, if anyone turned", "4b8paunbQoo-00112-00021364-00021481": "in a sentence like that", "4b8paunbQoo-00113-00021535-00021648": "on your midterm,", "4b8paunbQoo-00114-00021681-00021902": "I'm sure that the TA circled it", "4b8paunbQoo-00115-00021902-00022035": "and warned, number one,", "4b8paunbQoo-00116-00022035-00022218": "against excessive use", "4b8paunbQoo-00117-00022218-00022338": "of cliches", "4b8paunbQoo-00118-00022380-00022491": "(tunnel vision,", "4b8paunbQoo-00119-00022491-00022615": "slippery slope, you know)", "4b8paunbQoo-00120-00022615-00022936": "as well as just the total", "4b8paunbQoo-00121-00022936-00023059": "illogic of the sentence", "4b8paunbQoo-00122-00023059-00023113": "to begin with.", "4b8paunbQoo-00123-00023195-00023279": "Anyway, alright,", "4b8paunbQoo-00124-00023279-00023321": "so the head", "4b8paunbQoo-00125-00023321-00023464": "of the local NAACP says,", "4b8paunbQoo-00126-00023482-00023565": "\"If they wanted", "4b8paunbQoo-00127-00023572-00023695": "to call it the College", "4b8paunbQoo-00128-00023695-00023887": "of the Confederacy rather", "4b8paunbQoo-00129-00023887-00024022": "than the College of Charleston,", "4b8paunbQoo-00130-00024022-00024154": "he would be a perfect fit.\"", "4b8paunbQoo-00131-00024241-00024474": "So that's what's happening", "4b8paunbQoo-00132-00024474-00024760": "in South Carolina.", "4b8paunbQoo-00133-00024768-00025029": "Alright, so last time we", "4b8paunbQoo-00134-00025029-00025269": "talked about the sort of Confederacy,", "4b8paunbQoo-00135-00025269-00025353": "the internal history", "4b8paunbQoo-00136-00025353-00025430": "of the Confederacy.", "4b8paunbQoo-00137-00025430-00025494": "And today, I want", "4b8paunbQoo-00138-00025494-00025558": "to do the same thing", "4b8paunbQoo-00139-00025558-00025670": "for the Union, the North.", "4b8paunbQoo-00140-00025730-00025910": "How did the war affect", "4b8paunbQoo-00141-00025997-00026153": "(not just on the battlefield)", "4b8paunbQoo-00142-00026153-00026352": "how did it affect political,", "4b8paunbQoo-00143-00026352-00026461": "social, intellectual,", "4b8paunbQoo-00144-00026461-00026603": "economic life", "4b8paunbQoo-00145-00026603-00026815": "in the Northern states?", "4b8paunbQoo-00146-00026929-00027068": "What was the Civil War?", "4b8paunbQoo-00147-00027068-00027214": "Was it the Second American", "4b8paunbQoo-00148-00027214-00027293": "Revolution,", "4b8paunbQoo-00149-00027293-00027442": "as the Beards called it?", "4b8paunbQoo-00150-00027526-00027747": "Was it a new birth of freedom,", "4b8paunbQoo-00151-00027747-00027870": "as Lincoln called it?", "4b8paunbQoo-00152-00027965-00028093": "Was it the end", "4b8paunbQoo-00153-00028093-00028252": "of the revolutionary tradition", "4b8paunbQoo-00154-00028252-00028341": "in America,", "4b8paunbQoo-00155-00028403-00028617": "as libertarians call it?", "4b8paunbQoo-00156-00028617-00028806": "That is, a government based", "4b8paunbQoo-00157-00028806-00028949": "on force, not consent.", "4b8paunbQoo-00158-00029055-00029200": "The way I like to think", "4b8paunbQoo-00159-00029200-00029366": "about it is, to borrow a phrase --", "4b8paunbQoo-00160-00029366-00029438": "I don't even know", "4b8paunbQoo-00161-00029438-00029526": "who said this originally.", "4b8paunbQoo-00162-00029526-00029632": "It might have been Marx,", "4b8paunbQoo-00163-00029632-00029725": "it might have been Trotsky.", "4b8paunbQoo-00164-00029725-00029801": "Someone said this:", "4b8paunbQoo-00165-00029846-00030023": "\"War is the midwife", "4b8paunbQoo-00166-00030023-00030113": "of revolution.\"", "4b8paunbQoo-00167-00030234-00030345": "War is the midwife", "4b8paunbQoo-00168-00030345-00030418": "of revolution.", "4b8paunbQoo-00169-00030418-00030552": "A very quotable phrase.", "4b8paunbQoo-00170-00030604-00030914": "Wars produce enormous changes --", "4b8paunbQoo-00171-00030914-00031095": "unanticipated, generally,", "4b8paunbQoo-00172-00031196-00031344": "but they change society", "4b8paunbQoo-00173-00031344-00031466": "in fundamental ways.", "4b8paunbQoo-00174-00031466-00031611": "Big wars, not little wars.", "4b8paunbQoo-00175-00031621-00031766": "Big wars change society", "4b8paunbQoo-00176-00031809-00032058": "and the Civil War was a big war.", "4b8paunbQoo-00177-00032203-00032412": "Now the first change I want", "4b8paunbQoo-00178-00032412-00032568": "to focus on is simply what you", "4b8paunbQoo-00179-00032568-00032843": "might call nationalization.", "4b8paunbQoo-00180-00032843-00032966": "Consolidation.", "4b8paunbQoo-00181-00033025-00033134": "When the war broke out,", "4b8paunbQoo-00182-00033154-00033449": "a magazine in London wrote,", "4b8paunbQoo-00183-00033449-00033782": "\"The war will draw", "4b8paunbQoo-00184-00033782-00033980": "together the Northern States", "4b8paunbQoo-00185-00033980-00034137": "as they never have been drawn", "4b8paunbQoo-00186-00034137-00034231": "together yet...", "4b8paunbQoo-00187-00034274-00034446": "and finally will impress them", "4b8paunbQoo-00188-00034446-00034639": "with the absolute necessity", "4b8paunbQoo-00189-00034639-00034785": "of a closer union,", "4b8paunbQoo-00190-00034820-00035021": "a stronger central power...", "4b8paunbQoo-00191-00035047-00035181": "in one word, with the duty", "4b8paunbQoo-00192-00035181-00035309": "of turning the Federal", "4b8paunbQoo-00193-00035309-00035545": "Government into a really supreme power\"", "4b8paunbQoo-00194-00035578-00035761": "and creating a sovereignty", "4b8paunbQoo-00195-00035787-00036025": "when none has existed before.", "4b8paunbQoo-00196-00036058-00036301": "And I think this is very -- this is really what", "4b8paunbQoo-00197-00036301-00036363": "does happen.", "4b8paunbQoo-00198-00036405-00036529": "Before the war,", "4b8paunbQoo-00199-00036529-00036677": "the federal government was a", "4b8paunbQoo-00200-00036677-00036873": "very weak institution.", "4b8paunbQoo-00201-00037015-00037096": "It was limited.", "4b8paunbQoo-00202-00037096-00037561": "It spent very little money.", "4b8paunbQoo-00203-00037561-00037623": "It had few... You could go", "4b8paunbQoo-00204-00037623-00037895": "through your life having little", "4b8paunbQoo-00205-00037895-00038006": "or no connection", "4b8paunbQoo-00206-00038006-00038121": "with the federal government,", "4b8paunbQoo-00207-00038121-00038289": "other than the postal service.", "4b8paunbQoo-00208-00038289-00038519": "The most important sort of function", "4b8paunbQoo-00209-00038519-00038731": "of the federal government", "4b8paunbQoo-00210-00038731-00038848": "that affected most people's", "4b8paunbQoo-00211-00038848-00038981": "lives was the post office,", "4b8paunbQoo-00212-00038981-00039211": "which was a tremendous operation", "4b8paunbQoo-00213-00039233-00039525": "in the 1830s, '40s and '50s, you know.", "4b8paunbQoo-00214-00039525-00039753": "And every town, every community", "4b8paunbQoo-00215-00039753-00039846": "had a post office.", "4b8paunbQoo-00216-00039918-00040120": "But other than that,", "4b8paunbQoo-00217-00040120-00040229": "the federal government", "4b8paunbQoo-00218-00040229-00040309": "barely existed.", "4b8paunbQoo-00219-00040309-00040434": "The real focus", "4b8paunbQoo-00220-00040434-00040637": "of political power was", "4b8paunbQoo-00221-00040637-00040719": "in the states", "4b8paunbQoo-00222-00040753-00040864": "and the localities.", "4b8paunbQoo-00223-00040891-00041389": "The federal government dealt", "4b8paunbQoo-00224-00041389-00041533": "with Native Americans.", "4b8paunbQoo-00225-00041597-00041705": "The federal government dealt", "4b8paunbQoo-00226-00041705-00041882": "with foreign powers.", "4b8paunbQoo-00227-00041945-00042185": "It didn't do a heck", "4b8paunbQoo-00228-00042185-00042333": "of a lot else.", "4b8paunbQoo-00229-00042333-00042685": "In the Civil War, the power,", "4b8paunbQoo-00230-00042708-00042863": "the role of the federal", "4b8paunbQoo-00231-00042863-00042985": "government expanded", "4b8paunbQoo-00232-00043032-00043222": "into all sorts of realms", "4b8paunbQoo-00233-00043222-00043414": "where it had never really had a", "4b8paunbQoo-00234-00043441-00043559": "presence before.", "4b8paunbQoo-00235-00043596-00043795": "And along with that,", "4b8paunbQoo-00236-00043869-00044127": "national loyalty came", "4b8paunbQoo-00237-00044127-00044303": "to override local", "4b8paunbQoo-00238-00044303-00044424": "and state loyalty.", "4b8paunbQoo-00239-00044424-00044571": "In other words,", "4b8paunbQoo-00240-00044571-00044817": "people's just identification", "4b8paunbQoo-00241-00044817-00045029": "of, you know, how they defined themselves.", "4b8paunbQoo-00242-00045029-00045162": "Yes, of course, before the war,", "4b8paunbQoo-00243-00045162-00045263": "people defined themselves", "4b8paunbQoo-00244-00045263-00045349": "as Americans.", "4b8paunbQoo-00245-00045393-00045550": "But very often it was through --", "4b8paunbQoo-00246-00045550-00045699": "local loyalty", "4b8paunbQoo-00247-00045699-00045814": "and national loyalty aren't", "4b8paunbQoo-00248-00045814-00045931": "necessarily at odds.", "4b8paunbQoo-00249-00045931-00046066": "In fact, they often reinforce", "4b8paunbQoo-00250-00046066-00046110": "each other.", "4b8paunbQoo-00251-00046184-00046441": "But this drawing together", "4b8paunbQoo-00252-00046441-00046512": "of the nation,", "4b8paunbQoo-00253-00046512-00046664": "which this London magazine", "4b8paunbQoo-00254-00046664-00046728": "pointed to,", "4b8paunbQoo-00255-00046728-00046916": "is one of the key results", "4b8paunbQoo-00256-00046992-00047119": "of the war.", "4b8paunbQoo-00257-00047119-00047382": "One of the most popular pieces", "4b8paunbQoo-00258-00047382-00047540": "of literature written during", "4b8paunbQoo-00259-00047540-00047593": "the war.", "4b8paunbQoo-00260-00047622-00047903": "This is something, I don't think --does anyone read this anymore?", "4b8paunbQoo-00261-00047903-00047998": "When I was in school,", "4b8paunbQoo-00262-00047998-00048098": "they used to read this", "4b8paunbQoo-00263-00048098-00048155": "in school.", "4b8paunbQoo-00264-00048155-00048362": "\"The Man Without a Country,\"", "4b8paunbQoo-00265-00048362-00048667": "a story by Edward Everett Hale. I don't know if...", "4b8paunbQoo-00266-00048677-00048860": "You have to be old enough", "4b8paunbQoo-00267-00048876-00048965": "to remember that story.", "4b8paunbQoo-00268-00048965-00049167": "But anyway, Hale's story,", "4b8paunbQoo-00269-00049190-00049396": "very popular in the Civil War,", "4b8paunbQoo-00270-00049472-00049862": "is about a man, a sailor who,", "4b8paunbQoo-00271-00049862-00050016": "in a fit of anger,", "4b8paunbQoo-00272-00050016-00050130": "curses the name", "4b8paunbQoo-00273-00050130-00050302": "of the United States of America.", "4b8paunbQoo-00274-00050363-00050602": "And he's on a naval ship.", "4b8paunbQoo-00275-00050602-00050770": "He's tried for this", "4b8paunbQoo-00276-00050770-00050998": "and he's sentenced to live", "4b8paunbQoo-00277-00050998-00051269": "on a ship and never hear the", "4b8paunbQoo-00278-00051269-00051451": "name \"the United States\"", "4b8paunbQoo-00279-00051451-00051543": "spoken again.", "4b8paunbQoo-00280-00051612-00051770": "And the message", "4b8paunbQoo-00281-00051770-00051961": "of the story is he loses his own", "4b8paunbQoo-00282-00051961-00052110": "sense of personal identity.", "4b8paunbQoo-00283-00052114-00052305": "Without a national loyalty,", "4b8paunbQoo-00284-00052333-00052433": "you actually have no", "4b8paunbQoo-00285-00052433-00052549": "personal identity.", "4b8paunbQoo-00286-00052549-00052728": "Nation and individual are kind", "4b8paunbQoo-00287-00052728-00052925": "of merged together.", "4b8paunbQoo-00288-00052925-00053100": "You lose your sense of self", "4b8paunbQoo-00289-00053100-00053173": "if you don't have a", "4b8paunbQoo-00290-00053173-00053380": "national identity.", "4b8paunbQoo-00291-00053434-00053498": "And of course,", "4b8paunbQoo-00292-00053498-00053673": "this notion of patriotism,", "4b8paunbQoo-00293-00053673-00053885": "nationalism, was distributed", "4b8paunbQoo-00294-00053885-00054040": "in all sorts of ways.", "4b8paunbQoo-00295-00054045-00054260": "Here's, this is a piece of sheet music", "4b8paunbQoo-00296-00054322-00054523": "from the war, \"The American Flag.\"", "4b8paunbQoo-00297-00054523-00054699": "But here's your image", "4b8paunbQoo-00298-00054699-00054813": "of Liberty,", "4b8paunbQoo-00299-00054891-00055073": "holding the American flag,", "4b8paunbQoo-00300-00055073-00055229": "with a sword in her hand,", "4b8paunbQoo-00301-00055315-00055481": "with the cap of liberty", "4b8paunbQoo-00302-00055481-00055654": "on her head and also on top", "4b8paunbQoo-00303-00055654-00055805": "of the flagpole.", "4b8paunbQoo-00304-00055840-00055961": "Remember the cap of liberty?", "4b8paunbQoo-00305-00055961-00056102": "We talked about this a while ago", "4b8paunbQoo-00306-00056102-00056257": "with the Capitol building.", "4b8paunbQoo-00307-00056257-00056382": "The statue on top", "4b8paunbQoo-00308-00056382-00056445": "of the Capitol", "4b8paunbQoo-00309-00056445-00056654": "in Washington is the symbol", "4b8paunbQoo-00310-00056654-00056812": "of the emancipated slave", "4b8paunbQoo-00311-00056812-00057004": "from the old Roman Empire,", "4b8paunbQoo-00312-00057004-00057060": "and then, of course,", "4b8paunbQoo-00313-00057060-00057149": "a symbol in the French", "4b8paunbQoo-00314-00057184-00057326": "Revolution, also.", "4b8paunbQoo-00315-00057387-00057497": "Here's another", "4b8paunbQoo-00316-00057497-00057584": "patriotic...", "4b8paunbQoo-00317-00057584-00058046": "We'll go to to this in a minute. Here. This is a patriotic", "4b8paunbQoo-00318-00058065-00058208": "cartoon from the beginning", "4b8paunbQoo-00319-00058208-00058263": "of the war.", "4b8paunbQoo-00320-00058318-00058446": "See what it says at the top?", "4b8paunbQoo-00321-00058446-00058646": "\"Annihilation to Traitors.\"", "4b8paunbQoo-00322-00058709-00058828": "This is the eagle,", "4b8paunbQoo-00323-00058828-00058948": "the American eagle.", "4b8paunbQoo-00324-00058948-00059078": "Annihilation to traitors.", "4b8paunbQoo-00325-00059078-00059164": "It's a little hard to see,", "4b8paunbQoo-00326-00059164-00059498": "but down below are little eggs,", "4b8paunbQoo-00327-00059532-00059715": "representing all the states.", "4b8paunbQoo-00328-00059715-00059897": "But the Southern states,", "4b8paunbQoo-00329-00059901-00060032": "the seceding states,", "4b8paunbQoo-00330-00060070-00060152": "are giving birth", "4b8paunbQoo-00331-00060152-00060292": "to little monsters.", "4b8paunbQoo-00332-00060292-00060476": "Little monsters are coming", "4b8paunbQoo-00333-00060476-00060722": "out of the Southern states.", "4b8paunbQoo-00334-00060722-00060846": "But here's America,", "4b8paunbQoo-00335-00060846-00061039": "the eagle, traitors,", "4b8paunbQoo-00336-00061076-00061191": "the flag is wrapping...", "4b8paunbQoo-00337-00061191-00061348": "This is another example", "4b8paunbQoo-00338-00061348-00061389": "of the kind", "4b8paunbQoo-00339-00061389-00061531": "of patriotic imagery,", "4b8paunbQoo-00340-00061531-00061713": "which is widely disseminated", "4b8paunbQoo-00341-00061749-00061818": "in the war,", "4b8paunbQoo-00342-00061863-00061981": "as well as the sort", "4b8paunbQoo-00343-00061981-00062092": "of martial spirit.", "4b8paunbQoo-00344-00062092-00062204": "This is a painting", "4b8paunbQoo-00345-00062204-00062277": "from the period,", "4b8paunbQoo-00346-00062277-00062381": "a famous painting called", "4b8paunbQoo-00347-00062381-00062562": "\"War Spirit at Home.\"", "4b8paunbQoo-00348-00062629-00062754": "War Spirit at Home.", "4b8paunbQoo-00349-00062845-00063050": "As in the painting I showed last", "4b8paunbQoo-00350-00063050-00063203": "time of Latane", "4b8paunbQoo-00351-00063203-00063334": "\"The Burial of Latane,\"", "4b8paunbQoo-00352-00063401-00063528": "the only adults here are two", "4b8paunbQoo-00353-00063528-00063597": "women, right.", "4b8paunbQoo-00354-00063597-00063699": "This is the home front.", "4b8paunbQoo-00355-00063845-00064050": "The mother and presumably a", "4b8paunbQoo-00356-00064050-00064260": "domestic worker in the back,", "4b8paunbQoo-00357-00064287-00064400": "cleaning up the dishes.", "4b8paunbQoo-00358-00064424-00064599": "But the children are marching", "4b8paunbQoo-00359-00064599-00064793": "around in a kind of army.", "4b8paunbQoo-00360-00064793-00064998": "You know, they have little hats.", "4b8paunbQoo-00361-00064998-00065115": "They're marching as if they're", "4b8paunbQoo-00362-00065115-00065168": "in an army.", "4b8paunbQoo-00363-00065168-00065436": "She's reading an account", "4b8paunbQoo-00364-00065436-00065667": "of the Surrender of Vicksburg", "4b8paunbQoo-00365-00065719-00066119": "in a newspaper in 1863.", "4b8paunbQoo-00366-00066163-00066337": "Some people say", "4b8paunbQoo-00367-00066337-00066453": "that there's a bit", "4b8paunbQoo-00368-00066453-00066763": "of a bittersweet element", "4b8paunbQoo-00369-00066763-00066875": "here in the, again,", "4b8paunbQoo-00370-00066875-00067107": "it's hard to see that the folds", "4b8paunbQoo-00371-00067107-00067296": "of the newspaper actually make a", "4b8paunbQoo-00372-00067296-00067612": "cross and that maybe this is an", "4b8paunbQoo-00373-00067612-00067783": "allusion to the death", "4b8paunbQoo-00374-00067783-00067894": "in the Civil War.", "4b8paunbQoo-00375-00067894-00067958": "It's not just a", "4b8paunbQoo-00376-00067958-00068148": "celebratory thing.", "4b8paunbQoo-00377-00068181-00068342": "But the martial spirit at home,", "4b8paunbQoo-00378-00068342-00068532": "the war spirit at home, comes", "4b8paunbQoo-00379-00068532-00068648": "into people's families.", "4b8paunbQoo-00380-00068648-00068763": "This glorification", "4b8paunbQoo-00381-00068763-00069015": "of combat is part", "4b8paunbQoo-00382-00069015-00069211": "of this, you know, nationalism", "4b8paunbQoo-00383-00069220-00069497": "that is deeply seated", "4b8paunbQoo-00384-00069526-00069624": "in the Civil War."}}, {"audio_id": "4bg8HGjKNrY", "text": {}}, {"audio_id": "4bh3MlVmsZE", "text": {"4bh3MlVmsZE-00000-00000063-00001228": "Is the Law of Attraction real is your mother real?", "4bh3MlVmsZE-00001-00001228-00001484": "The answer is yes.", "4bh3MlVmsZE-00002-00001484-00001889": "And I've seen it play out in a million different ways in my life over the last three and a", "4bh3MlVmsZE-00003-00001889-00001989": "half years.", "4bh3MlVmsZE-00004-00001989-00002592": "But basically, it boils down to this: if you put good stuff out, good stuff will come back.", "4bh3MlVmsZE-00005-00002592-00003222": "And in my personal experience, it comes back tenfold, twenty-fold.", "4bh3MlVmsZE-00006-00003222-00003765": "It's not the like, whoo whoo like mystical like all of a sudden there's going to be fog", "4bh3MlVmsZE-00007-00003765-00004185": "that comes up behind me and I have a glass ball that I'm looking through.", "4bh3MlVmsZE-00008-00004185-00004609": "It's just having the right intent and being a good person and knowing that good things", "4bh3MlVmsZE-00009-00004609-00004749": "will happen because of this.", "4bh3MlVmsZE-00010-00004749-00005181": "How do you use the Law of Attraction in your life and do you meditate?", "4bh3MlVmsZE-00011-00005181-00005748": "I really don't meditate on like on a regular basis.", "4bh3MlVmsZE-00012-00005748-00006439": "But The Law of Attraction, to me, it's not necessarily like, you know, I woke up this", "4bh3MlVmsZE-00013-00006439-00006818": "morning and I did a 10 minute visualization on what I want.", "4bh3MlVmsZE-00014-00006818-00007604": "But I think it's throughout the day, just always speaking, like into existence, like", "4bh3MlVmsZE-00015-00007604-00007809": "what I want to have happen.", "4bh3MlVmsZE-00016-00007809-00008363": "And I think the reverse of that, or the flip side of that is even more important, which", "4bh3MlVmsZE-00017-00008363-00008911": "is, you know, leaving the house saying like,\"Oh, I'm always late.\"", "4bh3MlVmsZE-00018-00008911-00009213": "Well, then of course, you're going to hit traffic.", "4bh3MlVmsZE-00019-00009213-00009653": "And of course, something's going to happen, where you're where you're going to be later.", "4bh3MlVmsZE-00020-00009653-00009970": "Or, you know, when you get up in the morning, you're like, \"Oh, today's going to be the", "4bh3MlVmsZE-00021-00009970-00010135": "just the most chaotic day.\"", "4bh3MlVmsZE-00022-00010135-00010529": "It's like, no crap, like, you just like brought that into your life.", "4bh3MlVmsZE-00023-00010529-00011092": "And so it's really auditing that stuff and making sure that you're not speaking, you", "4bh3MlVmsZE-00024-00011092-00011560": "know, honoring your word and that you're not speaking that stuff into fruition.", "4bh3MlVmsZE-00025-00011560-00012049": "But then, you know, playing offense and in telling yourself like, \"Man, this meeting", "4bh3MlVmsZE-00026-00012049-00012172": "is going to go incredible.\"", "4bh3MlVmsZE-00027-00012172-00012393": "\"This, this Q&A that we're about to do is going to be awesome.\"", "4bh3MlVmsZE-00028-00012393-00013244": "And just like I think it's it's this balance between being, you know, aggressively optimistic.", "4bh3MlVmsZE-00029-00013244-00013722": "And just always looking at the bright side of situation and thinking about what you want.", "4bh3MlVmsZE-00030-00013722-00013972": "Like what you want the end result to be.", "4bh3MlVmsZE-00031-00013972-00014488": "Just always having that in the forefront of your mind is huge.", "4bh3MlVmsZE-00032-00014488-00014919": "But then there's some practical things like, I do a vision board each year.", "4bh3MlVmsZE-00033-00014919-00015358": "And you know, it's awesome when you have something happen in your life where you can cross those", "4bh3MlVmsZE-00034-00015358-00015458": "things off.", "4bh3MlVmsZE-00035-00015458-00015936": "Like I just got a car yesterday that's been on my vision board for like seven years, which", "4bh3MlVmsZE-00036-00015936-00016241": "is a really cool thing for me.", "4bh3MlVmsZE-00037-00016241-00016720": "The car I had a couple years ago, when I first started this career again, when I was flat", "4bh3MlVmsZE-00038-00016720-00016820": "broke.", "4bh3MlVmsZE-00039-00016820-00017296": "I'd taken a screenshot of this inside of this car that I really, really, really wanted.", "4bh3MlVmsZE-00040-00017296-00017749": "And a year and a half later, I was in my car and I was just like scrolling through my old", "4bh3MlVmsZE-00041-00017749-00018479": "photos on my phone and all sudden I get to the screenshot and I'm 'ike, like, I'm in", "4bh3MlVmsZE-00042-00018479-00018579": "this car.", "4bh3MlVmsZE-00043-00018579-00019056": "Like it was the exact same interior, the exact same year, make, model.", "4bh3MlVmsZE-00044-00019056-00019524": "When that stuff happens, it's super, super empowering.", "4bh3MlVmsZE-00045-00019524-00020054": "And it's just like this, this feeling of like, \"Man, like I accomplished this.\"", "4bh3MlVmsZE-00046-00020054-00020154": "Like I wanted it.", "4bh3MlVmsZE-00047-00020154-00020254": "I worked for it.", "4bh3MlVmsZE-00048-00020254-00020354": "I got it.", "4bh3MlVmsZE-00049-00020354-00020982": "So some things like that, you know, I think put that like puts the Law of Attraction in", "4bh3MlVmsZE-00050-00020982-00021082": "motion.", "4bh3MlVmsZE-00051-00021082-00021376": "When you start actually thinking about like, what are the things you want in your life?", "4bh3MlVmsZE-00052-00021376-00021590": "What are the things that you want in the next five years?", "4bh3MlVmsZE-00053-00021590-00021712": "What are the things that you want to have happen?", "4bh3MlVmsZE-00054-00021712-00022143": "I've got podcast's guests' pictures on my vision board.", "4bh3MlVmsZE-00055-00022143-00022468": "And you know, I think three or four of them I've crossed off now.", "4bh3MlVmsZE-00056-00022468-00022861": "There's others that we'll cross off eventually.", "4bh3MlVmsZE-00057-00022861-00023276": "And so I think stuff like that, that's, you know I used to put my vision board as my wallpaper", "4bh3MlVmsZE-00058-00023276-00023474": "on my phone or my iPhone.", "4bh3MlVmsZE-00059-00023474-00023766": "So every time I pick up my phone, I'd see it all the time.", "4bh3MlVmsZE-00060-00023766-00024398": "It's got pictures of things, pictures of people, phrases, certain goals, you know, written", "4bh3MlVmsZE-00061-00024398-00024668": "out on it, and that stuff's powerful.", "4bh3MlVmsZE-00062-00024668-00025054": "Just always have in the back of your mind you think it doesn't make a big deal or doesn't", "4bh3MlVmsZE-00063-00025054-00025154": "make a big difference.", "4bh3MlVmsZE-00064-00025154-00025422": "But over time, that stuff is a huge.", "4bh3MlVmsZE-00065-00025422-00025619": "It's all in your mentality."}}, {"audio_id": "4c0ZxRuFG34", "text": {"4c0ZxRuFG34-00000-00000014-00000604": "We have predators on our streets. How could he really be a progressive and want to lock these people up?", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00001-00000604-00001254": "And I'd say lock the SOBs up. Increase the penalties. Increase them. I would put the son of a gun in jail.", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00002-00001254-00001932": "Put them to death. Joe Biden became the presumptive Democratic nominee in the 2020 election", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00003-00001932-00002128": "by running as a moderate unifier,", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00004-00002128-00002702": "hoping to win over voters with the promise of a return to business as usual politics from the pre Trump era.", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00005-00002702-00003256": "Consensus is not a weakness. I did it when I was a senator. It's what I did is your vice president", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00006-00003256-00004206": "working with Barack Obama. And it's what I will do as your president. Now we can find some fringe folks,", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00007-00004206-00004724": "libertarians and left-wingers in my party who say no, that's not we should do.", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00008-00004724-00004962": "But politically that consensus has been arrived at.", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00009-00004962-00005618": "Now the COVID-19 pandemic has led him to rethink his platform of a return to the days of bipartisan consensus", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00010-00005618-00006166": "seizing the opportunity to offer bold change on issues like climate change, health care, social welfare,", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00011-00006166-00006731": "and infrastructure. But it's worth remembering that in his 44 years in the Senate and then as Vice President,", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00012-00006731-00007245": "Biden repeatedly took advantage of moments of crisis to push through policies that have exacerbated", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00013-00007245-00007592": "some of the most critical problems afflicting American society.", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00014-00007592-00007956": "The Biden Crime bill. Biden Crime bill. The Biden Crime bill. The Biden Crime bill.", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00015-00007956-00008216": "Hell we've got crime bills coming out our ears.", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00016-00008216-00008634": "The president says he wants to wage a war on drugs but if that's true", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00017-00008634-00009074": "what we need is another D-day not another Vietnam. President Bush did not", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00018-00009075-00009611": "last out precipitously in Iraq after 9/11 at each pivotal moment he's chosen", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00019-00009611-00009984": "a course of moderation in the deliberation and I believe he will", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00020-00009984-00010454": "continue to do so just to set the record straight almost the same thing that got", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00021-00010454-00011096": "passed the Patriot Act was introduced by me in 1994", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00022-00011696-00012183": "four women accused him of inappropriate behavior several women have accused", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00023-00012183-00012555": "Biden of inappropriately touching them in public and now his campaign is in", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00024-00012555-00012941": "crisis because of a sexual assault allegation by a former staffer another", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00025-00012941-00013308": "person has come forward to support Tara Reid's allegations against Joe Biden if", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00026-00013308-00013644": "they believe Tara Reid they probably shouldn't vote for me I wouldn't vote", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00027-00013644-00014138": "for me if I believe Tara Reid women should be believed but the terrible", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00028-00014138-00014553": "choice put forth by the two major parties in 2020 isn't just about sexual", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00029-00014553-00014955": "misconduct or character Joe Biden's greatest political liability is his", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00030-00014955-00015312": "legacy as a lawmaker and vice president a legacy that laid the groundwork for", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00031-00015312-00016230": "the Trump administration's most draconian policies on crime drugs civil", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00032-00016230-00016629": "liberties surveillance immigration and foreign policy Biden's record serves as", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00033-00016629-00017019": "a cautionary tale about bipartisanship and bold thinking in response to", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00034-00017019-00017715": "perceived crises going all the way back to the 70s a literal epidemic of rape in", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00035-00017715-00018513": "this country every major crime bill since 1976 every minor crime bill has", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00036-00018513-00018939": "had the name of the Democratic senator from the state of Delaware Joe Biden i", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00037-00018939-00019791": "sat next to Strom Thurmond and became friends with Strom Thurmond together we", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00038-00019791-00020292": "passed a crime bill so don't tell me you can't work with people on compliment in", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00039-00020292-00020712": "the 80s Biden worked on several bills with the former segregationist that", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00040-00020712-00021170": "established mandatory minimum sentences raised maximum sentences and effectively", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00041-00021170-00021548": "created the modern system of civil asset forfeiture which allows authorities to", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00042-00021548-00021845": "seize the money and property of the accused without charging them with a", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00043-00021845-00022541": "crime whoa where's all this from the government can take everything you own", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00044-00022541-00023073": "everything from your car to your house your bank account you can take", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00045-00023073-00023556": "everything you got a gun you commit a felony ten years we already have it five", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00046-00023556-00024114": "years minimum mandatory judge can't say you know you had it in your pocket you", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00047-00024114-00024470": "never intended to use it we're only gonna give you one year judge has to say", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00048-00024470-00024760": "five years", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00049-00024795-00025400": "well he wants to make it 10 or 20 or 60 I we can work that out he wanted to", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00050-00025400-00025754": "remove judicial discretion for those who quote don't meet the middle class", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00051-00025754-00026179": "criteria of susceptibility to rehabilitation they are beyond the pale", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00052-00026179-00026780": "many of those people they literally have not been socialized it doesn't matter", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00053-00026780-00027191": "whether or not they're the victims of society the end result is they're about", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00054-00027191-00027688": "to knock my mother on the head with a lead pipe shoot my sister beat up my", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00055-00027688-00028513": "wife taken on my sons so I don't want to ask what made them do this they must be", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00056-00028513-00029219": "taken off the street they are in jail away from my mother", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00057-00029219-00029762": "your husband our families the Biden Thurmond Violent Crime Control Act of", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00058-00029762-00030233": "1991 would have increased the maximum sentence for 44 crimes to include the", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00059-00030233-00030707": "death penalty wagon the newspaper recently wrote Biden has made it a", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00060-00030707-00031136": "death-penalty offense for everything but jaywalking Republicans one-upped Biden", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00061-00031136-00031655": "by adding 46 capital crimes I'm gonna make it for forty six crimes Biden says", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00062-00031655-00032239": "make it for 51 we're gonna get tough so he proposed 53 then he presented the", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00063-00032239-00032816": "final version of the legislation 60 new death penalties brand-new 60 there are", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00064-00032816-00033512": "70 additional enhancements of penalties ie you go to jail longer after his", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00065-00033512-00033962": "disastrous 1987 presidential campaign Biden had staged his political comeback", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00066-00033962-00034400": "in part by becoming a media darling on issues of policing and crime and he led", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00067-00034400-00034822": "the fight to pass the landmark 1994 crime bill under Bill Clinton when I", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00068-00034822-00035168": "wrote the original bill that started this whole process the so-called Biden", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00069-00035168-00035647": "crime bill I didn't call a liberal Kampf AB and write it I didn't call any big", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00070-00035647-00036026": "society people and write it I call the cops", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00071-00036026-00037151": "a Democratic president 100,000 cops a Democratic president that's the secret", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00072-00037151-00037586": "that somehow the Republicans tried to make the crime bill tougher I say", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00073-00037586-00037967": "poppycock they didn't make anything tougher I wrote that bill", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00074-00037967-00038351": "he convinced Republicans to support urban community programs as a way to", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00075-00038351-00038720": "keep inner-city kids away from respectable families I started looking", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00076-00038720-00039170": "at found out at this midnight basketball and get them together a bunch of jive", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00077-00039170-00039680": "folks who are black white and Spanish living in their city to do you know try", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00078-00039680-00040193": "to see if they can be Michael Jordan when they found out and we're keeping", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00079-00040193-00040712": "schools open so gangs come off streets instead of out raping my mother", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00080-00040712-00041432": "marauding me robbing the local store they're in a gymnasium and my daughter", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00081-00041432-00042035": "will be safer my wife will be safer my mother will be safer and I will be safer", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00082-00042035-00042794": "and I will be happy never again should Washington put politics and party above", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00083-00042794-00043256": "law and order along with several laws passed in the 80s the 1994 crime bill", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00084-00043256-00043688": "drove up the local state and federal prison populations and it tarnished the", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00085-00043688-00044167": "reputations of Biden and Bill Clinton who signed it into law", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00086-00044635-00045122": "when Biden ran for president in 2008 he told the New York Times that he knew", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00087-00045122-00045461": "more people would be locked up across the board but that it would drive down", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00088-00045461-00045857": "crime in fact crime rates were already falling when Biden pushed for the", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00089-00045857-00046202": "passage of the 94 crime bill and they have continued falling as the prison", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00090-00046202-00046706": "population has declined in recent years you ashamed of that bill not at all in", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00091-00046706-00047165": "fact I drafted the bill we had enormous success", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00092-00047165-00047576": "the mass incarceration created by Biden's la cama policies ripped apart", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00093-00047576-00047981": "vulnerable communities and families for a generation and the federal funding", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00094-00047981-00048296": "streams and law-enforcement infrastructure it created continue to", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00095-00048296-00048851": "hinder reform efforts there are things I would change but by enlarge what it", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00096-00048851-00049378": "really did it restored American cities", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00097-00049378-00049868": "America is under attack literally under attack by an enemy who is well financed", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00098-00049868-00050516": "well supplied and well armed and fully capable of declaring total war against a", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00099-00050516-00050996": "nation and his people we have to hold every drug user accountable in the 1980s", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00100-00050996-00051446": "and 90s Biden was a prominent figure in the bipartisan war on drugs today", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00101-00051446-00051933": "there's a new epidemic smokeable cocaine", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00102-00052087-00052583": "this is crack cocaine it's as innocent-looking as candy but", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00103-00052583-00053072": "it's turning our cities into battle zones and it's murdering our children in", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00104-00053072-00053500": "his first primetime address to the nation from The Oval Office in 1989", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00105-00053500-00053957": "President George HW Bush announced a major escalation of the drug war an", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00106-00053957-00054545": "assault on every front we need more prisons more jails more", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00107-00054545-00055158": "courts more prosecutors quite frankly the president's plans not tough enough", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00108-00055158-00055724": "bold enough or imaginative enough to meet the crisis at hand Biden made it", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00109-00055724-00056120": "clear that Democrats were just as tough on drugs as Republicans he even", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00110-00056120-00056465": "suggested that state and local officials eradicate marijuana fields themselves", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00111-00056465-00056879": "we're gonna have to worry about getting governor's to go out in the", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00112-00056879-00057367": "mountainsides with flamethrowers with you next to them dealing with it in", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00113-00057367-00057761": "their backyards during the period of bloodshed and mayhem of which the", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00114-00057761-00058445": "president has spoken we passed the law bipartisan we said crack cocaine is such", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00115-00058445-00058892": "a bad deal but if you find someone with this much", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00116-00058892-00059789": "of it a quarters worth not in value in size five years in jail Biden had", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00117-00059789-00060251": "co-sponsored the anti-drug Abuse Act of 1986 which meted out the same mandatory", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00118-00060251-00060566": "minimum prison term to someone possessing five grams of crack cocaine", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00119-00060566-00061082": "as to someone possessing 500 grams of powder cocaine five years no probation", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00120-00061082-00061611": "no parole if you have this much lock him up and put him in our prison he", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00121-00061611-00061967": "continued pushing to create the office of the drug czar after President Ronald", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00122-00061967-00062388": "Reagan had vetoed his first legislative attempt and advocated locking up young", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00123-00062388-00062826": "drug offenders and quote military-style boot camp prisons boot camps for", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00124-00062826-00063344": "youthful offenders under this bill we can string up barbed wire we can build", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00125-00063344-00063829": "Quonset huts and we can put them in boot camps we can do that", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00126-00064045-00064629": "in 2002 Biden introduced the rave act or the reducing Americans vulnerability to", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00127-00064629-00065098": "ecstasy act he argued that ecstasy abuse among teenagers was skyrocketing and", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00128-00065098-00065491": "that it was time to pass legislation he had long planned I've been fighting to", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00129-00065491-00066037": "get these club drugs changed in schedule for years DEA was my opposition the rave", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00130-00066037-00066421": "act not only increased penalties for drug crimes it went after anyone who", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00131-00066421-00066616": "owned the property where people did drugs", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00132-00066616-00067083": "that's the scum who should be put in jail not just the guy selling the pills", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00133-00067083-00067756": "arrest the promoter find a rationale unrelated to drugs you don't have to get", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00134-00067756-00068283": "him for drugs turn off the water I put you in jail I", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00135-00068283-00068887": "put you in jail the law expanded authorities power to classify venues as", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00136-00068887-00069313": "crack houses a provision that federal prosecutors are now using to stop cities", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00137-00069313-00069679": "from opening overdose prevention sites I'm the guy who authored the crack house", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00138-00069679-00070234": "legislation we can use the crack house legislation to tear down these buildings", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00139-00070234-00070969": "you can literally bulldoze down their business great big bulldozer bull doze", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00140-00070969-00071560": "it down literally not figuratively Biden also lamented not being able to force", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00141-00071560-00071905": "press outlets to stick to the government's messaging about drugs hold", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00142-00071905-00072424": "our media accountable is something we all desire but there's a thing called", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00143-00072424-00072763": "the First Amendment which is read in a way that I think is a little excessive", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00144-00072763-00073285": "in 2008 Biden began to recant on some of his past stances on drugs and crime as", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00145-00073285-00073708": "vice president he pushed for the 2010 Fair Sentencing Act which reduced but", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00146-00073708-00074044": "did not eliminate the crack cocaine sentencing disparity he had helped usher", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00147-00074044-00074449": "into law after 21 years of studying reviews these facts have convinced me", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00148-00074449-00074854": "that the 101 disparity cannot be supported but as Biden prepares to", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00149-00074854-00075289": "confront new perceived drug crises reformers are still struggling to unwind", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00150-00075289-00075685": "many of the consensus policies he has worked to enact in the war on drugs was", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00151-00075685-00076188": "a big mistake who's made it has trapped an entire generation", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00152-00076247-00076656": "we disagree with the president's decision to cut the custom service the", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00153-00076656-00077088": "Coast Guard and the Border Patrol we think we should do more to stem the flow", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00154-00077088-00077568": "of drugs across our borders in 1996 Biden boasted about the additional", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00155-00077568-00077985": "resources his crime bill had funneled to border security agencies and argued for", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00156-00077985-00078300": "sending the military to the Mexican border to deal with drug trafficking", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00157-00078300-00080097": "there ain't enough customs agents to collect enough today Biden mocks Trump", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00158-00080097-00080475": "for using the military at the border he said that calls to build the wall are", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00159-00080475-00080871": "divorced from reality and won't stop the flow of illegal narcotics or human", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00160-00080871-00081237": "smugglers though all the bad things are coming through ports of entry right now", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00161-00081237-00081735": "we don't need a wall but leading up to his 2008 presidential campaign he said", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00162-00081735-00081972": "this I voted for defense related to drugs", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00163-00081972-00082437": "you can offense will stop twenty kilos of cup of cocaine coming through that", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00164-00082437-00082833": "fence it will not stop someone climbing over there around him Biden was", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00165-00082833-00083313": "referring to the 2006 secure Fence Act signed by george w bush which didn't", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00166-00083313-00083679": "tamp down the drug trade or border crossings but did forced migrants", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00167-00083679-00084057": "further into increasingly dangerous routes and remote desert areas which", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00168-00084057-00084480": "according to the ACLU contributed to thousands of deaths President Obama I", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00169-00084480-00084930": "think did a heck of a job to compare him to what what this guy is doing is", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00170-00084930-00085370": "absolutely out fine Biden now condemns the Trump", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00171-00085370-00085776": "administration's tactics of enforcement and deportation the most vulnerable the", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00172-00085776-00086280": "undocumented how are we made better or stronger as a nation when immigrant and", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00173-00086280-00086736": "Latino communities live in a daily terror that of a nice raid on their", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00174-00086736-00087093": "workplace this is heartbreak you know a heartbreaking it's the very definition", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00175-00087093-00087602": "of being counterproductive but in 1996 he voted for a law that increased", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00176-00087602-00088020": "detentions and expedited removals for immigration related offenses largely", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00177-00088020-00088352": "creating the current approach", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00178-00088973-00089355": "during Biden's years as vice president the federal government took full", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00179-00089355-00089673": "advantage of the infrastructure and expanded powers the law had established", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00180-00089673-00090348": "and the Obama administration deported a record number of people you called me", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00181-00090348-00090804": "deported see that I thought we lay the groundwork for passing comprehensive", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00182-00090804-00091272": "immigration reform took too much too long to get it right and the President", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00183-00091272-00091671": "did get it right by daca as well as making sure that it tried to protect", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00184-00091671-00092055": "parents as well and by the way moving on an immigration", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00185-00092055-00092490": "bill as well but that bill failed so the best biting can do today is promised", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00186-00092490-00092814": "that he won't use the deportation machinery he helped create and that", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00187-00092814-00093144": "presidents from both major parties have employed during so-called border and", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00188-00093144-00093537": "immigration crises at least temporarily the first hundred days of my", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00189-00093537-00094280": "administration no one no one will be deported at all law enforcement today", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00190-00094280-00094950": "faces terrorist bombing like we've never seen in our history as a nation in 1995", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00191-00094950-00095283": "Biden had introduced a bill that combined all of his ideas for growing", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00192-00095283-00095622": "the surveillance state civil libertarians were opposed to it you guys", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00193-00095622-00096168": "tried to help get it passed including the wiretap changes in the rest though", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00194-00096168-00096549": "it floundered four years after 9/11 Congress rushed through an amended", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00195-00096549-00096909": "version of that legislation with overwhelming bipartisan support you can", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00196-00096909-00097257": "ask the Attorney General list because I got a call when he introduced a Patriot", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00197-00097257-00097863": "Act he said Joe I'm introducing the act basically as you wrote it in 1994 this", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00198-00097863-00098325": "bill met with an overwhelming overwhelming agreement in Congress he", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00199-00098325-00098634": "had laid the groundwork for a sweeping surveillance law that allowed the", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00200-00098634-00098979": "federal government to carry out criminal prosecutions based on secret evidence", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00201-00098979-00099381": "and to detain even US citizens indefinitely without due process", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00202-00099381-00099777": "this new law that I signed today will allow surveillance of all communications", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00203-00099777-00100881": "used by terrorists including emails the internet and cell phones to let the FBI", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00204-00100881-00101751": "agents buy weapons as powerful as the drug cartels add up continuing his", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00205-00101751-00102093": "decades-long effort to militarized domestic law enforcement in the fight", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00206-00102093-00102391": "against drugs and terror Biden had added a provision to the", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00207-00102391-00102781": "Patriot Act allowing state and local police to obtain federal funding for", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00208-00102781-00103372": "special equipment to combat terrorism there is a strong likelihood that Iraqis", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00209-00103372-00103792": "who welcomed us as liberators Biden played a key role in helping the Bush", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00210-00103792-00104208": "administration build support for other elements of its disastrous post 9/11", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00211-00104208-00104781": "agenda including toppling Saddam Hussein there is an emerging pattern that", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00212-00104781-00105574": "convenience may throw him into the arms of al Qaeda so must be dealt with he", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00213-00105574-00106057": "must be dealt with if you turned on now and the television showed aircraft", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00214-00106057-00106405": "striking Baghdad it would not be a pre-emptive attack", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00215-00106405-00106860": "there's nothing pre-emptive about its in enforcement Biden teamed with John", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00216-00106860-00107200": "McCain to defeat an amendment that would have prevented Bush from going to war", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00217-00107200-00107704": "unless he got approval from the UN Security Council the UN will conclude if", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00218-00107704-00108295": "we don't America will so we better he is still harboring and he is still seeking", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00219-00108295-00108834": "the accumulation of weapons of mass destruction that case I believe has been", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00220-00108834-00109528": "made today Biden has attempted to recast his boat to authorize military force in", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00221-00109528-00109933": "Iraq claiming that he trusted President Bush to use that power only to pressure", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00222-00109933-00110431": "Saddam into allowing weapons inspections the rationale was that's the way to not", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00223-00110431-00110773": "go to war because I didn't believe he had those nuclear weapons I didn't", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00224-00110773-00111118": "believe you had those weapons of mass destruction former Bush and Obama", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00225-00111118-00111631": "administration defense secretary Robert Gates wrote in 2014 that Biden quote has", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00226-00111631-00112039": "been wrong on nearly every major foreign policy and national security issue over", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00227-00112039-00112453": "the past four decades I did not believe this is a rush to war I believe it's a", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00228-00112453-00113061": "march to peace and security I've learned one thing since I've decided to run for", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00229-00113061-00113569": "president and I assume one thing everything about me everything about me", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00230-00113569-00113989": "is going to come out in the public record and I've done some dumb things", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00231-00113989-00114529": "I'll do dumb things again Joe Biden is again opportunistically changing his", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00232-00114529-00114928": "political approach in response to a high-profile threat and is preparing to", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00233-00114928-00115311": "remake himself as an economic populist who will bring transformative change", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00234-00115311-00115684": "through federal legislation this is what leaders have to lead and", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00235-00115684-00116072": "governments have to work this is going to take bold creative federal action", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00236-00116072-00116348": "this will go down as one of those progressive administration's in American", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00237-00116348-00116828": "history the younger generation now tells me how tough things are give me a break", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00238-00116828-00117524": "no no I have no empathy chorus give me a break because here's the deal guys we", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00239-00117524-00118130": "decided we were going to change the world and we did we did in 2020 voters", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00240-00118130-00118496": "may feel obligated to choose the lesser evil but they should be under no", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00241-00118496-00118904": "illusions about what a Biden presidency would mean Trump keeps saying that his", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00242-00118904-00119606": "words he's a wartime president start to act like one an avatar of the political", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00243-00119606-00120010": "establishment for over four decades Biden has repeatedly taken advantage of", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00244-00120010-00120428": "critical moments in history to help lead us to disastrous Foreign Wars police", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00245-00120428-00120983": "militarization warrantless surveillance border walls and mass incarceration use", "4c0ZxRuFG34-00246-00120983-00122817": "your full authority this is a war act like a commander-in-chief use it all"}}, {"audio_id": "4cnpirq2As4", "text": {"4cnpirq2As4-00000-00000084-00000184": "Tansi.", "4cnpirq2As4-00001-00000184-00000284": "Aaniin.", "4cnpirq2As4-00002-00000284-00000384": "Aba washde.", "4cnpirq2As4-00003-00000384-00000484": "Welcome!", "4cnpirq2As4-00004-00000484-00000809": "This tutorial will show you how to narrow your search results using the First Nations", "4cnpirq2As4-00005-00000809-00001200": "Information Connection (also known as FNIC).", "4cnpirq2As4-00006-00001200-00001689": "To navigate to the FNIC website, type the following address into your web browser.", "4cnpirq2As4-00007-00001700-00001960": "fnic.sirsi.net", "4cnpirq2As4-00008-00002000-00002382": "Let's begin by performing a basic keyword search.", "4cnpirq2As4-00009-00002382-00002724": "Select Yellowhead Tribal College from the drop-down menu.", "4cnpirq2As4-00010-00002724-00003400": "Next, type your keyword(s) into the search box and click Search.", "4cnpirq2As4-00011-00003671-00004300": "The initial search will retrieve all types of material including DVDs, CDs, and websites.", "4cnpirq2As4-00012-00004317-00004735": "To narrow your search to books, you need to limit your search results.", "4cnpirq2As4-00013-00004735-00005158": "Look for the Format heading on the left-hand side of the screen.", "4cnpirq2As4-00014-00005158-00005700": "Check the box beside Books and then click Include.", "4cnpirq2As4-00015-00005890-00006468": "You can tell it worked because at the top of the screen it will say: Narrowed by: Books", "4cnpirq2As4-00016-00006468-00006830": "Another way to narrow your search is by Subject.", "4cnpirq2As4-00017-00006830-00007284": "The most popular subject headings are listed on the left-hand side of the screen.", "4cnpirq2As4-00018-00007284-00008009": "To see all of the subject headings in detail, click View All.", "4cnpirq2As4-00019-00008009-00008500": "Select the subjects you're interested in by checking the boxes.", "4cnpirq2As4-00020-00008686-00009100": "Once you've made your selection, click Include.", "4cnpirq2As4-00021-00009300-00009722": "Finally, you can also narrow your search results by date.", "4cnpirq2As4-00022-00009722-00010180": "You can either use the slider on left-hand side of the screen", "4cnpirq2As4-00023-00010180-00010440": "or you can type a specific date range", "4cnpirq2As4-00024-00010440-00010800": "in the boxes below.", "4cnpirq2As4-00025-00010834-00011300": "Once you've made your selection, click Include.", "4cnpirq2As4-00026-00011522-00012014": "If you make a mistake or wish to remove a search limit, just click on the red X beside", "4cnpirq2As4-00027-00012014-00012497": "the limit you wish to remove.", "4cnpirq2As4-00028-00012497-00012919": "This concludes our advanced search tutorial on finding books in FNIC.", "4cnpirq2As4-00029-00012919-00013416": "For more information or to get help finding books in the library, contact your YTC librarians."}}, {"audio_id": "4coJwiKFiJg", "text": {"4coJwiKFiJg-00000-00000420-00001494": "my role for working with teachers is to get them to have, not just ownership but", "4coJwiKFiJg-00001-00001494-00002093": "like autonomy to do what they need to do in their classroom and figure out", "4coJwiKFiJg-00002-00002093-00002496": "what's best for kids so sometimes we might look at Star data and see trends", "4coJwiKFiJg-00003-00002496-00003182": "through progress monitoring, sometimes we might look at one piece of student work", "4coJwiKFiJg-00004-00003182-00003735": "and see -- and calibrate that to what another teacher might think that that", "4coJwiKFiJg-00005-00003735-00003843": "you know", "4coJwiKFiJg-00006-00003843-00004455": "looks like. My role in working with teachers is similar to their role in", "4coJwiKFiJg-00007-00004455-00004563": "working with students", "4coJwiKFiJg-00008-00004563-00005136": "so I differentiate what the teachers need from me based on what they tell me", "4coJwiKFiJg-00009-00005136-00005877": "they need and I give them the autonomy to do what they need to do, the resources", "4coJwiKFiJg-00010-00005877-00006332": "I feel like they need to have, and the support, I feel like my job is to support", "4coJwiKFiJg-00011-00006332-00006929": "them and to challenge them but to be fair Seth, Linda, and Allison", "4coJwiKFiJg-00012-00006995-00007613": "they're the ones that are driving this just like their students are", "4coJwiKFiJg-00013-00007613-00007709": "driving their work"}}, {"audio_id": "4cEYjbLOFBc", "text": {"4cEYjbLOFBc-00000-00000100-00000273": "OMG"}}, {"audio_id": "4cbGIfZw30k", "text": {"4cbGIfZw30k-00000-00000143-00000486": "I think a lot of people think I'm going to make a video about big L Libertarianism.", "4cbGIfZw30k-00001-00000486-00000791": "I'm not, and I hope you're not too disappointed.", "4cbGIfZw30k-00002-00000791-00001232": "I sympathize somewhat with Libertarians, though I'm not one myself anymore.", "4cbGIfZw30k-00003-00001232-00001701": "I had my fling with the big L party back in college when I was briefly county chair, as", "4cbGIfZw30k-00004-00001701-00001977": "the previous county chair stepped down to run for office.", "4cbGIfZw30k-00005-00001977-00002369": "I find some of their arguments interesting, and I think the primary appeal is that they're", "4cbGIfZw30k-00006-00002369-00002779": "consistent to an ideology, rather than to issues.", "4cbGIfZw30k-00007-00002779-00003131": "Ron Paul, the faux Republican, idealizes this principle.", "4cbGIfZw30k-00008-00003131-00003654": "His inability to be elected largely stems from the fact that he sticks to his principles,", "4cbGIfZw30k-00009-00003654-00004112": "even when they don't represent the views of the mainstream of the Republican party.", "4cbGIfZw30k-00010-00004112-00004551": "This video is about the \"libertarian argument\", which goes something like this: \"The government", "4cbGIfZw30k-00011-00004551-00005021": "has no right to tell people what they can or can't do in the privacy of their own homes,", "4cbGIfZw30k-00012-00005021-00005207": "places of business or public spaces.\"", "4cbGIfZw30k-00013-00005207-00005640": "I want to be very clear: this isn't a fallacy by itself.", "4cbGIfZw30k-00014-00005640-00005905": "Personal freedom is a universally good thing.", "4cbGIfZw30k-00015-00005905-00006252": "I just want to discuss when I find it particularly unconvincing.", "4cbGIfZw30k-00016-00006252-00006581": "First, let's start with a case study.", "4cbGIfZw30k-00017-00006581-00006947": "Imagine the presidential candidates are on the way to a conference together and the plane", "4cbGIfZw30k-00018-00006947-00007218": "crash lands on a distant island.", "4cbGIfZw30k-00019-00007218-00007661": "The candidates are the only survivors, and they have to forage and fish for food, remain", "4cbGIfZw30k-00020-00007661-00008221": "on guard for ships or airplanes on the horizon, and also the usual housekeeping chores, so", "4cbGIfZw30k-00021-00008221-00008382": "they divide up the tasks.", "4cbGIfZw30k-00022-00008382-00008857": "Let's say Romney is in charge of fishing, Newt the cooking and foraging, Santorum keeps", "4cbGIfZw30k-00023-00008857-00009339": "watch for planes and ships, and Ron Paul is in charge of gathering firewood and maintaining", "4cbGIfZw30k-00024-00009339-00009549": "the latrine and fire.", "4cbGIfZw30k-00025-00009549-00009864": "Only Ron Paul decides he doesn't really want to do that.", "4cbGIfZw30k-00026-00009864-00010381": "He's decided that he'd rather build a hammock and staring at the palm trees.", "4cbGIfZw30k-00027-00010381-00010781": "The group get together and attempt to persuade him, explaining the danger of starvation or", "4cbGIfZw30k-00028-00010781-00011273": "the missed rescue attempt that would come from someone else covering his duties.", "4cbGIfZw30k-00029-00011273-00011631": "Ron Paul insists that he has no interest in cooperating.", "4cbGIfZw30k-00030-00011631-00011975": "The rest of the group agree that if he doesn't share in the work, he should receive much", "4cbGIfZw30k-00031-00011975-00012131": "less food.", "4cbGIfZw30k-00032-00012131-00012513": "Ron Paul explains that he would rather be a little hungry than help.", "4cbGIfZw30k-00033-00012513-00012785": "At that point, the group faces a choice.", "4cbGIfZw30k-00034-00012785-00013322": "They can force him under duress to comply, say NO food if he doesn't do a bare minimum", "4cbGIfZw30k-00035-00013322-00013862": "at his job, or threaten to beat him up if he doesn't do his job, and that forced compliance", "4cbGIfZw30k-00036-00013862-00014297": "would benefit the community but hurt Ron's personal liberty.", "4cbGIfZw30k-00037-00014297-00014752": "They can respect his wishes, and the community suffers at the cost of respecting Ron Paul's", "4cbGIfZw30k-00038-00014752-00014916": "increased liberty.", "4cbGIfZw30k-00039-00014916-00015479": "They can redraw the responsibilities allowing less free time for everyone so that Ron Paul", "4cbGIfZw30k-00040-00015479-00015644": "can free-load.", "4cbGIfZw30k-00041-00015644-00015845": "Put yourself in their shoes.", "4cbGIfZw30k-00042-00015845-00016346": "It would be very tempting to use threats to motivate your fellow community member.", "4cbGIfZw30k-00043-00016346-00016709": "But you may want a day off later, and the community would remember how quick you were", "4cbGIfZw30k-00044-00016709-00016984": "to be punitive against the slacker.", "4cbGIfZw30k-00045-00016984-00017220": "Every choice you make has some consequence.", "4cbGIfZw30k-00046-00017220-00017590": "Either the community suffers or the individual suffers.", "4cbGIfZw30k-00047-00017590-00017958": "Feel free to share your own preference in comments.", "4cbGIfZw30k-00048-00017958-00018354": "Let's redirect this scenario to the real world we all live in.", "4cbGIfZw30k-00049-00018354-00018829": "Suppose that the community decides that the cost of smoking is too high.", "4cbGIfZw30k-00050-00018829-00019286": "They could completely outlaw it, and that would benefit the community, but at a cost", "4cbGIfZw30k-00051-00019286-00019524": "to liberty of individual smokers.", "4cbGIfZw30k-00052-00019524-00020215": "Instead, we levy punitive taxes, the so-called sin taxes, to offset the cost to the society", "4cbGIfZw30k-00053-00020215-00020522": "of the individual's harmful choices.", "4cbGIfZw30k-00054-00020522-00020775": "How is smoking harmful to society?", "4cbGIfZw30k-00055-00020775-00021391": "It increases medical costs born by the health care system, it decreases productivity, making", "4cbGIfZw30k-00056-00021391-00022023": "a group less competitive, it creates an industry dedicated to promoting harmful behaviors.", "4cbGIfZw30k-00057-00022023-00022541": "So we always have a tension between personal liberty and social costs.", "4cbGIfZw30k-00058-00022541-00022894": "When does personal liberty always trump social cost?", "4cbGIfZw30k-00059-00022894-00023609": "I would propose in cases of civil rights: equality, rule of law, privacy, right to protest,", "4cbGIfZw30k-00060-00023609-00024197": "right to seek redress, freedom from repression and right to participate in government, for", "4cbGIfZw30k-00061-00024197-00024297": "example.", "4cbGIfZw30k-00062-00024297-00024728": "Our freedoms are dependent on these first generation rights, because without them it's", "4cbGIfZw30k-00063-00024728-00025052": "too easy to silence dissidents or political minorities.", "4cbGIfZw30k-00064-00025052-00025638": "It's in our second generation rights that things get more complicated.", "4cbGIfZw30k-00065-00025638-00026235": "We all value our personal freedoms, but society also values community obligations.", "4cbGIfZw30k-00066-00026235-00026738": "From this we get the highly controversial ideas like public smoking bans, the recreational", "4cbGIfZw30k-00067-00026738-00027047": "drug wars, and Roe vs. Wade.", "4cbGIfZw30k-00068-00027047-00027268": "Let's look at three such issues:", "4cbGIfZw30k-00069-00027268-00027391": "1.", "4cbGIfZw30k-00070-00027391-00027888": "The US Affordable Care Act or ObamaCare individual mandate", "4cbGIfZw30k-00071-00027888-00028297": "The US takes a lot of flak from other countries for not having a robust public healthcare", "4cbGIfZw30k-00072-00028297-00028450": "system.", "4cbGIfZw30k-00073-00028450-00028883": "President Obama made an effort to improve that situation, controversial though it is,", "4cbGIfZw30k-00074-00028883-00029343": "in a bill that included, among other things, a mandate that every individual has to have", "4cbGIfZw30k-00075-00029343-00029537": "medical coverage.", "4cbGIfZw30k-00076-00029537-00030118": "This law is under review now by the US Supreme Court and it may be judged Un-Constitutional.", "4cbGIfZw30k-00077-00030118-00030688": "It violates the liberty of individuals who must bear the cost of medical insurance.", "4cbGIfZw30k-00078-00030688-00031108": "This hits those who are just above the cut-off for government support the hardest, the lower", "4cbGIfZw30k-00079-00031108-00031499": "middle class where insurance may be a significant burden.", "4cbGIfZw30k-00080-00031499-00031730": "Let's look at the societal costs, though.", "4cbGIfZw30k-00081-00031730-00032169": "When someone without insurance develops a serious illness, they typically go to an emergency", "4cbGIfZw30k-00082-00032169-00032681": "room for care and they enter the system without any way to pay for their care.", "4cbGIfZw30k-00083-00032681-00033186": "That usually results in a cost being passed to other users of the facility or to the healthcare", "4cbGIfZw30k-00084-00033186-00033325": "system in general.", "4cbGIfZw30k-00085-00033325-00033425": "2.", "4cbGIfZw30k-00086-00033425-00033907": "Helmet laws Some states, but not all, require that motorcycle", "4cbGIfZw30k-00087-00033907-00034221": "or bicycle riders wear protective headgear.", "4cbGIfZw30k-00088-00034221-00034505": "This again represents a trade off position.", "4cbGIfZw30k-00089-00034505-00035029": "The cost to personal liberty is that you can be fined or jailed for your risky behavior.", "4cbGIfZw30k-00090-00035029-00035497": "The cost to society can be measured in insurance premium increases, as any motorist involved", "4cbGIfZw30k-00091-00035497-00036046": "in a accident with a bike rider has a higher chance of being judged responsible for a fatality.", "4cbGIfZw30k-00092-00036046-00036433": "The fatality itself represents a social cost at multiple levels.", "4cbGIfZw30k-00093-00036433-00036952": "Traffic delays, the cost and availability of emergency medical care and transport, life", "4cbGIfZw30k-00094-00036952-00037271": "insurance premiums, emotional trauma of bystanders.", "4cbGIfZw30k-00095-00037271-00037797": "When the community legislates safety laws, whether they be about cell phone use while", "4cbGIfZw30k-00096-00037797-00038290": "driving, seatbelt laws, or mandatory fire inspections, those laws are about preventing", "4cbGIfZw30k-00097-00038290-00038786": "people from making risky decisions that affect the rest of that community.", "4cbGIfZw30k-00098-00038786-00039196": "That's not to say that we have to follow the slippery slope to every person being forbidden", "4cbGIfZw30k-00099-00039196-00039657": "to take the slightest risk, requiring that we all sit inside all day twiddling our thumbs", "4cbGIfZw30k-00100-00039657-00039838": "and thinking clean thoughts.", "4cbGIfZw30k-00101-00039838-00040419": "Instead, we try to strike a balance between what's fair for the individual and also fair", "4cbGIfZw30k-00102-00040419-00040569": "for the community.", "4cbGIfZw30k-00103-00040569-00040699": "3.", "4cbGIfZw30k-00104-00040699-00041029": "Raw milk I bring this one up because I have been surprised", "4cbGIfZw30k-00105-00041029-00041510": "by the zeal of people who oppose restrictions on raw milk sales.", "4cbGIfZw30k-00106-00041510-00041849": "The issues are nearly identical to those of helmet laws.", "4cbGIfZw30k-00107-00041849-00042463": "The community gets to decide what's most fair in balancing personal and social costs.", "4cbGIfZw30k-00108-00042463-00042791": "In some communities, that means allowing farmer direct sales.", "4cbGIfZw30k-00109-00042791-00043257": "In others, a complete ban, or complete permission within a licensing framework.", "4cbGIfZw30k-00110-00043257-00043744": "The personal liberty to drink something that some people believe has magical health benefits", "4cbGIfZw30k-00111-00043744-00044226": "have to be weighed against the increased chance of outbreaks of communicable diseases that", "4cbGIfZw30k-00112-00044226-00044634": "hurt or kill, especially since those who are injured are often children.", "4cbGIfZw30k-00113-00044634-00045235": "I think a lot of people assume that when I say that something is risky or harmful that", "4cbGIfZw30k-00114-00045235-00045591": "I'm necessarily suggesting we make it illegal.", "4cbGIfZw30k-00115-00045591-00046005": "All it really means is a more complex cost-benefit analysis.", "4cbGIfZw30k-00116-00046005-00046332": "People always hate it when their rights are infringed.", "4cbGIfZw30k-00117-00046332-00046800": "But they also hate it when the selfish actions of one or two people result in cost to the", "4cbGIfZw30k-00118-00046800-00047043": "entire community.", "4cbGIfZw30k-00119-00047043-00047545": "The unintended externalities are often hard to see in these complex issues, but unless", "4cbGIfZw30k-00120-00047545-00048171": "you are the sole occupant of a distant island, the choices you make always affect the people", "4cbGIfZw30k-00121-00048171-00048344": "around you.", "4cbGIfZw30k-00122-00048344-00049541": "Thanks for watching."}}, {"audio_id": "4dl4b_3RcBc", "text": {"4dl4b_3RcBc-00000-00000128-00000590": "Hello, I'm Paddy Murphy and welcome to the ProTipster.com tip of the day.", "4dl4b_3RcBc-00001-00000692-00001045": "Today's tip of the day is Bolton Wanderers versus Norwich City.", "4dl4b_3RcBc-00002-00001045-00001738": "This tip comes from user AshleyD who has a 64% hit rate, in games involving Norwich City.", "4dl4b_3RcBc-00003-00001738-00002076": "Bolton are in big trouble at the minute, they're two points adrift at the bottom of the table,", "4dl4b_3RcBc-00004-00002076-00002425": "so they've got a lot of catching up to do and their home record is pretty atrocious", "4dl4b_3RcBc-00005-00002425-00002525": "as well.", "4dl4b_3RcBc-00006-00002525-00002952": "They've only scored three times so far at home this season and they've conceded fourteen", "4dl4b_3RcBc-00007-00002952-00003098": "goals.", "4dl4b_3RcBc-00008-00003098-00003409": "Norwich on the other hand are in pretty good form away from home.", "4dl4b_3RcBc-00009-00003409-00003893": "They've won four of their previous five away games and they've only conceded one goal.", "4dl4b_3RcBc-00010-00003893-00004336": "Our tip then for this match is for Norwich City to win at 1.96.", "4dl4b_3RcBc-00011-00004336-00004910": "For more great tips go to ProTipster.com and subscribe to our Youtube channel as well where", "4dl4b_3RcBc-00012-00004910-00005339": "you'll get daily tip videos, previews and podcasts as well.", "4dl4b_3RcBc-00013-00005339-00005530": "I've been Paddy Murphy, Good luck!"}}, {"audio_id": "4doyc478Cik", "text": {"4doyc478Cik-00000-00000010-00000056": "MINNESOTA CROOKSTON TO OPEN", "4doyc478Cik-00001-00000056-00000063": "MINNESOTA CROOKSTON TO OPEN", "4doyc478Cik-00002-00000063-00000290": "MINNESOTA CROOKSTON TO OPEN THEIR SEASON 6-1.", "4doyc478Cik-00003-00000290-00000296": "MINNESOTA CROOKSTON TO OPEN THEIR SEASON 6-1.", "4doyc478Cik-00004-00000296-00000363": "MINNESOTA CROOKSTON TO OPEN THEIR SEASON 6-1. IT WOULD BE AN EXPERIENCE LIKE", "4doyc478Cik-00005-00000363-00000370": "THEIR SEASON 6-1. IT WOULD BE AN EXPERIENCE LIKE", "4doyc478Cik-00006-00000370-00000407": "THEIR SEASON 6-1. IT WOULD BE AN EXPERIENCE LIKE NONE OTHER.", "4doyc478Cik-00007-00000407-00000413": "IT WOULD BE AN EXPERIENCE LIKE NONE OTHER.", "4doyc478Cik-00008-00000413-00000480": "IT WOULD BE AN EXPERIENCE LIKE NONE OTHER. IMAGINE BEING AT THE NCAA FINAL", "4doyc478Cik-00009-00000480-00000487": "NONE OTHER. IMAGINE BEING AT THE NCAA FINAL", "4doyc478Cik-00010-00000487-00000620": "NONE OTHER. IMAGINE BEING AT THE NCAA FINAL FOUR, COMPETING IN A SLAM DUNK", "4doyc478Cik-00011-00000620-00000627": "IMAGINE BEING AT THE NCAA FINAL FOUR, COMPETING IN A SLAM DUNK", "4doyc478Cik-00012-00000627-00000834": "IMAGINE BEING AT THE NCAA FINAL FOUR, COMPETING IN A SLAM DUNK OR THREE-POINT COMPETITION.", "4doyc478Cik-00013-00000834-00000840": "FOUR, COMPETING IN A SLAM DUNK OR THREE-POINT COMPETITION.", "4doyc478Cik-00014-00000840-00001061": "FOUR, COMPETING IN A SLAM DUNK OR THREE-POINT COMPETITION. WELL, FOR ONE CROSBY-IRONTON", "4doyc478Cik-00015-00001061-00001067": "OR THREE-POINT COMPETITION. WELL, FOR ONE CROSBY-IRONTON", "4doyc478Cik-00016-00001067-00001167": "OR THREE-POINT COMPETITION. WELL, FOR ONE CROSBY-IRONTON GUARD, THAT DREAM COULD BECOME", "4doyc478Cik-00017-00001167-00001174": "WELL, FOR ONE CROSBY-IRONTON GUARD, THAT DREAM COULD BECOME", "4doyc478Cik-00018-00001174-00001237": "WELL, FOR ONE CROSBY-IRONTON GUARD, THAT DREAM COULD BECOME A REALITY, BUT HE NEEDS YOUR", "4doyc478Cik-00019-00001237-00001244": "GUARD, THAT DREAM COULD BECOME A REALITY, BUT HE NEEDS YOUR", "4doyc478Cik-00020-00001244-00001391": "GUARD, THAT DREAM COULD BECOME A REALITY, BUT HE NEEDS YOUR HELP.", "4doyc478Cik-00021-00001391-00001398": "A REALITY, BUT HE NEEDS YOUR HELP.", "4doyc478Cik-00022-00001398-00001501": "A REALITY, BUT HE NEEDS YOUR HELP. RANGERS GUARD EVAN EDMUNDSON IS", "4doyc478Cik-00023-00001501-00001508": "HELP. RANGERS GUARD EVAN EDMUNDSON IS", "4doyc478Cik-00024-00001508-00001591": "HELP. RANGERS GUARD EVAN EDMUNDSON IS IN THE FAN-VOTING", "4doyc478Cik-00025-00001591-00001598": "RANGERS GUARD EVAN EDMUNDSON IS IN THE FAN-VOTING", "4doyc478Cik-00026-00001598-00001825": "RANGERS GUARD EVAN EDMUNDSON IS IN THE FAN-VOTING COMPETITION TO COMPETE IN", "4doyc478Cik-00027-00001825-00001831": "IN THE FAN-VOTING COMPETITION TO COMPETE IN", "4doyc478Cik-00028-00001831-00001958": "IN THE FAN-VOTING COMPETITION TO COMPETE IN AMERICAN FAMILY “DREAM", "4doyc478Cik-00029-00001958-00001965": "COMPETITION TO COMPETE IN AMERICAN FAMILY “DREAM", "4doyc478Cik-00030-00001965-00002072": "COMPETITION TO COMPETE IN AMERICAN FAMILY “DREAM FEARLESSLY” THREE-POINT CONTEST", "4doyc478Cik-00031-00002072-00002078": "AMERICAN FAMILY “DREAM FEARLESSLY” THREE-POINT CONTEST", "4doyc478Cik-00032-00002078-00002178": "AMERICAN FAMILY “DREAM FEARLESSLY” THREE-POINT CONTEST AT THE FINAL FOUR IN HOUSTON IN", "4doyc478Cik-00033-00002178-00002185": "FEARLESSLY” THREE-POINT CONTEST AT THE FINAL FOUR IN HOUSTON IN", "4doyc478Cik-00034-00002185-00002278": "FEARLESSLY” THREE-POINT CONTEST AT THE FINAL FOUR IN HOUSTON IN APRIL.", "4doyc478Cik-00035-00002278-00002285": "AT THE FINAL FOUR IN HOUSTON IN APRIL.", "4doyc478Cik-00036-00002285-00002415": "AT THE FINAL FOUR IN HOUSTON IN APRIL. EDMUNDSON IS CURRENTLY IN THE", "4doyc478Cik-00037-00002415-00002422": "APRIL. EDMUNDSON IS CURRENTLY IN THE", "4doyc478Cik-00038-00002422-00002582": "APRIL. EDMUNDSON IS CURRENTLY IN THE QUARTERFINAL ROUND OF FAN", "4doyc478Cik-00039-00002582-00002589": "EDMUNDSON IS CURRENTLY IN THE QUARTERFINAL ROUND OF FAN", "4doyc478Cik-00040-00002589-00002702": "EDMUNDSON IS CURRENTLY IN THE QUARTERFINAL ROUND OF FAN VOTING, AND COACH DAVID GALOVICH", "4doyc478Cik-00041-00002702-00002709": "QUARTERFINAL ROUND OF FAN VOTING, AND COACH DAVID GALOVICH", "4doyc478Cik-00042-00002709-00002792": "QUARTERFINAL ROUND OF FAN VOTING, AND COACH DAVID GALOVICH SAYS THAT EDMUNSON HAS EARNED", "4doyc478Cik-00043-00002792-00002799": "VOTING, AND COACH DAVID GALOVICH SAYS THAT EDMUNSON HAS EARNED", "4doyc478Cik-00044-00002799-00003219": "VOTING, AND COACH DAVID GALOVICH SAYS THAT EDMUNSON HAS EARNED THIS OPPORTUNITY.", "4doyc478Cik-00045-00003219-00003226": "SAYS THAT EDMUNSON HAS EARNED THIS OPPORTUNITY.", "4doyc478Cik-00046-00003226-00003383": "SAYS THAT EDMUNSON HAS EARNED THIS OPPORTUNITY. >> UP UNTIL A COUPLE WEEKS AGO", "4doyc478Cik-00047-00003383-00003390": "THIS OPPORTUNITY. >> UP UNTIL A COUPLE WEEKS AGO", "4doyc478Cik-00048-00003390-00003650": "THIS OPPORTUNITY. >> UP UNTIL A COUPLE WEEKS AGO HE WAS SHOOTING 56% FROM THE", "4doyc478Cik-00049-00003650-00003656": ">> UP UNTIL A COUPLE WEEKS AGO HE WAS SHOOTING 56% FROM THE", "4doyc478Cik-00050-00003656-00003717": ">> UP UNTIL A COUPLE WEEKS AGO HE WAS SHOOTING 56% FROM THE THREE-POINT LINE.", "4doyc478Cik-00051-00003717-00003723": "HE WAS SHOOTING 56% FROM THE THREE-POINT LINE.", "4doyc478Cik-00052-00003723-00003927": "HE WAS SHOOTING 56% FROM THE THREE-POINT LINE. I BELIEVE RIGHT NOW STILL", "4doyc478Cik-00053-00003927-00003933": "THREE-POINT LINE. I BELIEVE RIGHT NOW STILL", "4doyc478Cik-00054-00003933-00004150": "THREE-POINT LINE. I BELIEVE RIGHT NOW STILL SHOOTING AT 51%.", "4doyc478Cik-00055-00004150-00004157": "I BELIEVE RIGHT NOW STILL SHOOTING AT 51%.", "4doyc478Cik-00056-00004157-00004377": "I BELIEVE RIGHT NOW STILL SHOOTING AT 51%. AFTER 24 GAMES TO SHOOT 51% FROM", "4doyc478Cik-00057-00004377-00004384": "SHOOTING AT 51%. AFTER 24 GAMES TO SHOOT 51% FROM", "4doyc478Cik-00058-00004384-00004541": "SHOOTING AT 51%. AFTER 24 GAMES TO SHOOT 51% FROM THE THREES AND THE ATTEMPTED", "4doyc478Cik-00059-00004541-00004547": "AFTER 24 GAMES TO SHOOT 51% FROM THE THREES AND THE ATTEMPTED", "4doyc478Cik-00060-00004547-00004828": "AFTER 24 GAMES TO SHOOT 51% FROM THE THREES AND THE ATTEMPTED WELL OVER 100, THAT'S PRETTY", "4doyc478Cik-00061-00004828-00004834": "THE THREES AND THE ATTEMPTED WELL OVER 100, THAT'S PRETTY", "4doyc478Cik-00062-00004834-00004878": "THE THREES AND THE ATTEMPTED WELL OVER 100, THAT'S PRETTY AMAZING.", "4doyc478Cik-00063-00004878-00004884": "WELL OVER 100, THAT'S PRETTY AMAZING.", "4doyc478Cik-00064-00004884-00005155": "WELL OVER 100, THAT'S PRETTY AMAZING. >> IT'S PRETTY COOL BECAUSE HE", "4doyc478Cik-00065-00005155-00005161": "AMAZING. >> IT'S PRETTY COOL BECAUSE HE", "4doyc478Cik-00066-00005161-00005361": "AMAZING. >> IT'S PRETTY COOL BECAUSE HE HAD THAT KIND OF ACHIEVEMENT,", "4doyc478Cik-00067-00005361-00005368": ">> IT'S PRETTY COOL BECAUSE HE HAD THAT KIND OF ACHIEVEMENT,", "4doyc478Cik-00068-00005368-00005832": ">> IT'S PRETTY COOL BECAUSE HE HAD THAT KIND OF ACHIEVEMENT, AND JUST NATIONWIDE, IT'S REALLY", "4doyc478Cik-00069-00005832-00005839": "HAD THAT KIND OF ACHIEVEMENT, AND JUST NATIONWIDE, IT'S REALLY", "4doyc478Cik-00070-00005839-00005872": "HAD THAT KIND OF ACHIEVEMENT, AND JUST NATIONWIDE, IT'S REALLY IMPRESSIVE.", "4doyc478Cik-00071-00005872-00005879": "AND JUST NATIONWIDE, IT'S REALLY IMPRESSIVE.", "4doyc478Cik-00072-00005879-00005935": "AND JUST NATIONWIDE, IT'S REALLY IMPRESSIVE. YOU CAN VOTE FOR EVAN BY", "4doyc478Cik-00073-00005935-00005942": "IMPRESSIVE. YOU CAN VOTE FOR EVAN BY", "4doyc478Cik-00074-00005942-00006176": "IMPRESSIVE. YOU CAN VOTE FOR EVAN BY VISITING THE WEBSITE SHOWING ON"}}, {"audio_id": "4ezp1vZFrAu", "text": {}}, {"audio_id": "4ezJzK8dbPQ", "text": {"4ezJzK8dbPQ-00000-00000531-00000638": "Hi Everyone!", "4ezJzK8dbPQ-00001-00000638-00000999": "Congratulations on making it to the 2nd week of class.", "4ezJzK8dbPQ-00002-00000999-00001604": "This week, we're going to examine how and why we read literature as well as the overall", "4ezJzK8dbPQ-00003-00001604-00002011": "processes involved with conducting research.", "4ezJzK8dbPQ-00004-00002011-00002567": "We will also be revisiting and discussing the \"Guidelines for a Productive and Effective", "4ezJzK8dbPQ-00005-00002567-00002834": "Online Classroom\" from our course syllabus.", "4ezJzK8dbPQ-00006-00002834-00003586": "Let's take a look at what specifically you'll be doing this week, and I'll provide background", "4ezJzK8dbPQ-00007-00003586-00004240": "information, justifications, and tips for the activities listed in this week's modules.", "4ezJzK8dbPQ-00008-00004240-00004908": "We'll start by accessing Module 2 of our Canvas course site, which is where all your", "4ezJzK8dbPQ-00009-00004908-00005300": "course work for this week is available.", "4ezJzK8dbPQ-00010-00005300-00006176": "As with last week, please work through each activity in the order they are listed here.", "4ezJzK8dbPQ-00011-00006176-00006854": "After you read the introduction page, which includes this introductory video, you'll", "4ezJzK8dbPQ-00012-00006854-00007590": "be ready to move on to our first discussion this week, involving the \"Guidelines for", "4ezJzK8dbPQ-00013-00007590-00008256": "a Productive and Effective Online Classroom\" that are included in our course syllabus.", "4ezJzK8dbPQ-00014-00008256-00008796": "Since this class belongs to all of us and because we will be working closely together", "4ezJzK8dbPQ-00015-00008796-00009435": "as a group/learning community, I feel it is important that we discuss and come to a consensus", "4ezJzK8dbPQ-00016-00009435-00010038": "about what would make a safe and constructive learning environment for us all. For this", "4ezJzK8dbPQ-00017-00010038-00010560": "assignment, I'm asking you to review the guidelines, take notes about any questions", "4ezJzK8dbPQ-00018-00010560-00011211": "or reactions that come up for you as you review the guidelines, and post to the discussion", "4ezJzK8dbPQ-00019-00011211-00011802": "forum your answers to the questions, listed in the", "4ezJzK8dbPQ-00020-00011802-00012110": "instructions here that are based on your thoughts and opinions", "4ezJzK8dbPQ-00021-00012110-00012288": "involving the guidelines.", "4ezJzK8dbPQ-00022-00012288-00012402": "Your feedback will", "4ezJzK8dbPQ-00023-00012402-00012928": "inform the adjustment of these guidelines as the majority of our", "4ezJzK8dbPQ-00024-00012928-00013215": "class sees fit.", "4ezJzK8dbPQ-00025-00013215-00013690": "Please read the instructions for this assignment carefully before posting to the discussion", "4ezJzK8dbPQ-00026-00013690-00013854": "forum.", "4ezJzK8dbPQ-00027-00013854-00014690": "As with all the work you share out, please read what you've written out loud before submitting", "4ezJzK8dbPQ-00028-00014690-00014980": "to the discussion forum for everyone to read", "4ezJzK8dbPQ-00029-00014980-00015351": "so that you can check for clarity of your message beforehand.", "4ezJzK8dbPQ-00030-00015351-00016272": "Next, you'll write a journal entry based on the Crash Course video, \"How & Why We", "4ezJzK8dbPQ-00031-00016272-00016437": "Read Literature\".", "4ezJzK8dbPQ-00032-00016437-00016993": "The purpose of this exercise is to help you think about how we read different types of", "4ezJzK8dbPQ-00033-00016993-00017608": "texts, which effects our ability to understand and effectively bring together a variety of", "4ezJzK8dbPQ-00034-00017608-00018007": "information sources for our research needs.", "4ezJzK8dbPQ-00035-00018007-00018551": "With reading and comprehension skills being such a huge part of our research processes,", "4ezJzK8dbPQ-00036-00018551-00019169": "we'll be spending a good deal of time this term practicing and thinking about how we", "4ezJzK8dbPQ-00037-00019169-00019876": "read, think about, analyze, and utilize different types of information sources.", "4ezJzK8dbPQ-00038-00019876-00020876": "Next, you'll complete the interactive tutorial, \"Determining Information Needs.\" The tutorial", "4ezJzK8dbPQ-00039-00020876-00021570": "introduces and breaks down different components involved with conducting thoughtful and conscientious", "4ezJzK8dbPQ-00040-00021570-00021718": "research.", "4ezJzK8dbPQ-00041-00021718-00022409": "It also provides strategies to help you conduct research in a more efficient and expert manner.", "4ezJzK8dbPQ-00042-00022409-00022818": "Finally, you get to take a field trip!", "4ezJzK8dbPQ-00043-00022818-00023379": "For this assignment, you are being asked to visit a local library near you, and this can be any", "4ezJzK8dbPQ-00044-00023379-00024095": "type of library you wish. You're being asked to share about your visit as well as what you learned about", "4ezJzK8dbPQ-00045-00024095-00024681": "the resources and services available through your library.", "4ezJzK8dbPQ-00046-00024681-00025111": "Please read all the instructions carefully so that you know what to look for during your", "4ezJzK8dbPQ-00047-00025111-00025547": "visit and what to share with the class.", "4ezJzK8dbPQ-00048-00025547-00026066": "Please note the extra credit opportunity for this assignment that gives you extra points", "4ezJzK8dbPQ-00049-00026066-00026874": "for spreading the love of your local libraries by taking a loved one with you on your visit.", "4ezJzK8dbPQ-00050-00026874-00027191": "This could be a family member, friend, or even a date.", "4ezJzK8dbPQ-00051-00027191-00027918": "In fact, one student in a past LIBI 100  class actually took a date to the library for this assignment,", "4ezJzK8dbPQ-00052-00027918-00028163": "and it turned out to be a really positive experience!", "4ezJzK8dbPQ-00053-00028163-00028411": "So, I�m just putting the idea out there!", "4ezJzK8dbPQ-00054-00028411-00029500": "As always, if you have any questions, please feel free to post to our \"General Course", "4ezJzK8dbPQ-00055-00029500-00030170": "Questions\" discussion forum, or you can email me directly.", "4ezJzK8dbPQ-00056-00030170-00030449": "Thanks very much, and I hope you have a great week!"}}, {"audio_id": "4eJhL67cfq8", "text": {"4eJhL67cfq8-00000-00003800-00004200": "here.. here it is. it opened!", "4eJhL67cfq8-00001-00004200-00004500": "we can go further if go inside more", "4eJhL67cfq8-00002-00004800-00005100": "i heard something weird yesterday tomorrow..", "4eJhL67cfq8-00003-00005500-00005900": "it was quite husky, whatever it was woman or man.", "4eJhL67cfq8-00004-00005900-00006300": "smell that fragance...", "4eJhL67cfq8-00005-00008800-00009000": "anyone in there?", "4eJhL67cfq8-00006-00009800-00010200": "reaction from inside?", "4eJhL67cfq8-00007-00012000-00012200": "the new welcome!", "4eJhL67cfq8-00008-00012600-00013000": "but that sound was from a bird for sure?", "4eJhL67cfq8-00009-00013300-00013600": "what is that wailing sound all of sudden?", "4eJhL67cfq8-00010-00014200-00014500": "i think that wasn't a bird sound?", "4eJhL67cfq8-00011-00015000-00015200": "it's so nasty..", "4eJhL67cfq8-00012-00015600-00016000": "i will right be to 2nd floor right now,", "4eJhL67cfq8-00013-00016100-00016500": "the main is second floor defintely.", "4eJhL67cfq8-00014-00016700-00017000": "go to the 2nd floor!", "4eJhL67cfq8-00015-00017500-00017700": "perhaps blood?", "4eJhL67cfq8-00016-00018200-00018700": "it's a material to make an amulet..", "4eJhL67cfq8-00017-00023400-00023700": "i thought it was a person,", "4eJhL67cfq8-00018-00024100-00024400": "starting to look around...", "4eJhL67cfq8-00019-00027200-00027400": "that sound! sound!", "4eJhL67cfq8-00020-00027600-00027800": "hey catty, just stay in there.", "4eJhL67cfq8-00021-00029500-00029800": "it's messy around...", "4eJhL67cfq8-00022-00032300-00032800": "even that white lantern looks so creepy", "4eJhL67cfq8-00023-00039100-00039500": "wake up, i know you're in there.", "4eJhL67cfq8-00024-00042600-00042800": "i'll be there if you can't come.", "4eJhL67cfq8-00025-00043700-00044000": "the bell is swaying itself", "4eJhL67cfq8-00026-00047600-00047900": "i dropped it.", "4eJhL67cfq8-00027-00050500-00050800": "did something pass by just now?", "4eJhL67cfq8-00028-00052000-00052400": "i think it's sure of that....", "4eJhL67cfq8-00029-00052500-00052900": "i just wanted to took a big one!", "4eJhL67cfq8-00030-00053000-00053500": "because i heard some noise. yesterday...", "4eJhL67cfq8-00031-00053600-00054000": "it will gonna defintely legend what if i...", "4eJhL67cfq8-00032-00054000-00054300": "yesterday was my dayoff.", "4eJhL67cfq8-00033-00054900-00055200": "it's so slient... too much.", "4eJhL67cfq8-00034-00055300-00055600": "the cuckoo even stop to cry...", "4eJhL67cfq8-00035-00056500-00056700": "you came mr.ghost?", "4eJhL67cfq8-00036-00058600-00058900": "it's name... personal info.", "4eJhL67cfq8-00037-00060700-00061000": "the cats are in hiding at corner...", "4eJhL67cfq8-00038-00061200-00061500": "then all the sound was from cat?", "4eJhL67cfq8-00039-00061600-00061900": "yesterday.. that sound wasn't cat and person neither.", "4eJhL67cfq8-00040-00061900-00062200": "i think the spirit hide its power...", "4eJhL67cfq8-00041-00062600-00063000": "subscriber heard something?", "4eJhL67cfq8-00042-00064800-00065000": "what just said?", "4eJhL67cfq8-00043-00070800-00071000": "did i hear wrong?", "4eJhL67cfq8-00044-00072600-00072800": "i just heard something like from nowhere.", "4eJhL67cfq8-00045-00072900-00073200": "subscriber says cat hisses.", "4eJhL67cfq8-00046-00073200-00073500": "sound of cat?", "4eJhL67cfq8-00047-00073500-00073800": "was that cat's sound?", "4eJhL67cfq8-00048-00074600-00075000": "i think it's not.", "4eJhL67cfq8-00049-00075200-00075600": "maybe i heard wrong.", "4eJhL67cfq8-00050-00077500-00077800": "everyone wants micol to move other place", "4eJhL67cfq8-00051-00078200-00078700": "i think it's not a legend right? ha?", "4eJhL67cfq8-00052-00079200-00079600": "but i still curious about that....", "4eJhL67cfq8-00053-00079600-00080000": "i only know sound 'meow' from cat.... maybe i don't have any experience about cat.", "4eJhL67cfq8-00054-00080300-00080700": "and the sound is all from cats?", "4eJhL67cfq8-00055-00081200-00081600": "i think there are more secrets."}}, {"audio_id": "4f2sQ8BlJcy", "text": {"4f2sQ8BlJcy-00000-00000044-00000693": "This research article is titled \"Sinus Microbiome Diversity Depletion and Corynebacterium tuberculostearicum", "4f2sQ8BlJcy-00001-00000693-00000993": "Enrichment Mediates Rhinosinusitis\".", "4f2sQ8BlJcy-00002-00000993-00001395": "It was published by Susan Lynch's group at the University of California in San Francisco", "4f2sQ8BlJcy-00003-00001395-00001705": "in Sept 2012 in Science Translational Medicine.", "4f2sQ8BlJcy-00004-00001705-00002012": "It may be surprising for some of you to hear that our bodies are not only composed of human", "4f2sQ8BlJcy-00005-00002012-00002436": "cells but we are in fact made up of MORE bacterial cells than human cells!!", "4f2sQ8BlJcy-00006-00002436-00002877": "The collection of bacteria that live in our bodies (on our skin, in our intestinal tract,", "4f2sQ8BlJcy-00007-00002877-00003514": "lungs, mouth, etc.) are termed \"the human microbiome\" . Although some bacteria can cause", "4f2sQ8BlJcy-00008-00003514-00004064": "disease, the bacteria that compose our microbiome are for the most part harmless.", "4f2sQ8BlJcy-00009-00004064-00004198": "So what is their purpose?", "4f2sQ8BlJcy-00010-00004198-00004648": "Why have we evolved to act as a host to so many bacteria?", "4f2sQ8BlJcy-00011-00004648-00005164": "Well, the role that this microbiome is playing with regards to our health is only now starting", "4f2sQ8BlJcy-00012-00005164-00005551": "to emerge thanks to new technological breakthroughs that I will come back to.", "4f2sQ8BlJcy-00013-00005551-00005651": "But before I do, It's important to understand that our microbiome is composed of bacteria,", "4f2sQ8BlJcy-00014-00005651-00005751": "fungi and viruses but we'll focus on bacteria for now.", "4f2sQ8BlJcy-00015-00005751-00006053": "in the microbiome there are VERY MANY different species of bacteria.", "4f2sQ8BlJcy-00016-00006053-00006515": "and its composition is ever changing and can be influenced by many factors: for example", "4f2sQ8BlJcy-00017-00006515-00007209": "what we eat, viral infections, our immune state, our general health, genetics etc. so", "4f2sQ8BlJcy-00018-00007209-00007652": "as you can see it's often very difficult to analyze changes in the microbiome because", "4f2sQ8BlJcy-00019-00007652-00008229": "its composition can vary A LOT from person to person and from time to time.", "4f2sQ8BlJcy-00020-00008229-00008729": "The lynch lab aimed to study the microbiome composition in the sinuses of patients affected", "4f2sQ8BlJcy-00021-00008729-00008975": "with chronic sinusitis.", "4f2sQ8BlJcy-00022-00008975-00009499": "Chronic sunisitis affects more than 30 million americans and is defined as a state of chronic", "4f2sQ8BlJcy-00023-00009499-00009770": "inflammation of the sinuses.", "4f2sQ8BlJcy-00024-00009770-00010426": "We are not exactly sure what causes sinusitis but some have speculated: allergies, nasal", "4f2sQ8BlJcy-00025-00010426-00010964": "polyps, bacterial, viral, or fungal infections, which as you can see if not very specific", "4f2sQ8BlJcy-00026-00010964-00011341": "and for the most part we are not very sure of the exact cause...", "4f2sQ8BlJcy-00027-00011341-00011499": "So how do we treat sinusitis in the clinic?", "4f2sQ8BlJcy-00028-00011499-00011829": "Because CS is a state of chronic inflammation, treatments include steroids which reduce inflammation,", "4f2sQ8BlJcy-00029-00011829-00012107": "antibiotics to kill bacteria that may be causing disease in the sinuses, or surgery, but this", "4f2sQ8BlJcy-00030-00012107-00012523": "is often not effective in the long term and symptoms tend to reappear.", "4f2sQ8BlJcy-00031-00012523-00013081": "so as you can see, we still have a lot to learn about the cause and mechanism of disease", "4f2sQ8BlJcy-00032-00013081-00013341": "to provide more targeted and effective therapies.", "4f2sQ8BlJcy-00033-00013341-00013906": "So in this study, the scientists isolated bacteria from the sinuses of patients that", "4f2sQ8BlJcy-00034-00013906-00014191": "happened to be undergoing sinus surgery for a variety of reasons.", "4f2sQ8BlJcy-00035-00014191-00014859": "They collected samples from 10 patients with CS and 10 patients without CS and looked at", "4f2sQ8BlJcy-00036-00014859-00015379": "the types & abundance of bacteria that were present in each patient using an advanced", "4f2sQ8BlJcy-00037-00015379-00016108": "method able to measure the abundance of over 8500 different bacterial species.", "4f2sQ8BlJcy-00038-00016108-00016347": "What the scientists found was that the sinus microbiome of CS patients was very different", "4f2sQ8BlJcy-00039-00016347-00016448": "than that of healthy patients:", "4f2sQ8BlJcy-00040-00016448-00016840": "The sinus micorbiome of healthy patients had a wide variety of different bacterial species", "4f2sQ8BlJcy-00041-00016840-00017462": "And the distribution of the bacteria was very even throughout all of the different species.", "4f2sQ8BlJcy-00042-00017462-00017767": "This is typical of what is thought to represent a healthy microbiome: one in which many different", "4f2sQ8BlJcy-00043-00017767-00017889": "species are represented and evenly distributed among the different groups", "4f2sQ8BlJcy-00044-00017889-00017989": "In contrast:", "4f2sQ8BlJcy-00045-00017989-00018450": "The sinus microbiome of CS patients had much fewer different types of bacteria", "4f2sQ8BlJcy-00046-00018450-00018984": "The distribution of the bacteria in the different species was very uneven (dominated by few", "4f2sQ8BlJcy-00047-00018984-00019084": "organism)", "4f2sQ8BlJcy-00048-00019084-00019472": "Overall, the sinus microbiome of CS patients was much less diverse than that of healthy", "4f2sQ8BlJcy-00049-00019472-00019572": "patients.", "4f2sQ8BlJcy-00050-00019572-00019903": "What was most surprising though was the over abundance of a specific type of bacteria:", "4f2sQ8BlJcy-00051-00019903-00020148": "CT in CS patients compared to healthy patients.", "4f2sQ8BlJcy-00052-00020148-00020725": "Healthy patients also had CT bacteria in their sinuses but it was not as abundant as in CS", "4f2sQ8BlJcy-00053-00020725-00020825": "patients.", "4f2sQ8BlJcy-00054-00020825-00021424": "In fact, CT bacteria is very abundant on normal human skin as part of the skin microbiome,", "4f2sQ8BlJcy-00055-00021424-00021559": "so it's surprising that CS patients have A LARGE amount of this bacteria in their sinuses", "4f2sQ8BlJcy-00056-00021559-00022092": "... Prior to this study CT had never been thought of as a pathogen, but merely as a", "4f2sQ8BlJcy-00057-00022092-00022381": "harmless resident bacteria of the skin.", "4f2sQ8BlJcy-00058-00022381-00023038": "Next, the scientists were interested in seeing if the abundance of CT in the sinuses of CS", "4f2sQ8BlJcy-00059-00023038-00023502": "patients could potentially be causing sinusitis symptoms.", "4f2sQ8BlJcy-00060-00023502-00023722": "To do this, they used the mouse as a disease model.", "4f2sQ8BlJcy-00061-00023722-00024109": "They treated the mice a few different ways:", "4f2sQ8BlJcy-00062-00024109-00024504": "1 - untreated mice", "4f2sQ8BlJcy-00063-00024504-00025443": "2 - since most CS patients receive antibiotic tx, they treated a group of mice with antibiotics", "4f2sQ8BlJcy-00064-00025443-00025543": "alone", "4f2sQ8BlJcy-00065-00025543-00025735": "3 - mice treated with CT alone", "4f2sQ8BlJcy-00066-00025735-00026191": "4 - mice treated with CT and antibiotics.", "4f2sQ8BlJcy-00067-00026191-00026341": "so what did they find?", "4f2sQ8BlJcy-00068-00026341-00026888": "Well, mice in groups 1 &2 did not develop sinusitis-like symptoms, as expected.", "4f2sQ8BlJcy-00069-00026888-00027516": "however, mice in group 3 developed more mucous secretion, which is a hallmark of CS and their", "4f2sQ8BlJcy-00070-00027516-00027648": "microbiome contained more CT bacteria.", "4f2sQ8BlJcy-00071-00027648-00028266": "And surprisingly, mice in group 4 had EVEN MORE mucous secretion in the sinus cavities...", "4f2sQ8BlJcy-00072-00028266-00028410": "so what does this mean?", "4f2sQ8BlJcy-00073-00028410-00028970": "First of all, this means that CT is able to induce sinusitis symptoms when present in", "4f2sQ8BlJcy-00074-00028970-00029175": "overabundance.", "4f2sQ8BlJcy-00075-00029175-00029783": "This would explain why antibiotic treatment can temporarily alleviate symptoms in CS patients,", "4f2sQ8BlJcy-00076-00029783-00030294": "by killing off all of the bacteria, including the CT bacteria.", "4f2sQ8BlJcy-00077-00030294-00030916": "But how could the presence of antibiotics in combination with CT actually worsten the", "4f2sQ8BlJcy-00078-00030916-00031070": "sinusitis symptoms?", "4f2sQ8BlJcy-00079-00031070-00031558": "Well, the scientists postulate that the antibiotics are able to clear the microbiome from the", "4f2sQ8BlJcy-00080-00031558-00032076": "sinuses and that this provides an opportunity for the added CT bacteria to take over and", "4f2sQ8BlJcy-00081-00032076-00032235": "grow better.", "4f2sQ8BlJcy-00082-00032235-00032869": "This suggests that something in the sinus microbiome may actually be preventing CT from", "4f2sQ8BlJcy-00083-00032869-00033319": "growing too much and producing very severe symptoms.", "4f2sQ8BlJcy-00084-00033319-00033944": "In fact, there was one bacterial species that was greatly REDUCED in abundance in CS patients", "4f2sQ8BlJcy-00085-00033944-00034177": "compared to healthy patients: L Sakei.", "4f2sQ8BlJcy-00086-00034177-00035069": "when the scientists added both LS and CT in the sinuses of antibiotic-treated mice, no", "4f2sQ8BlJcy-00087-00035069-00035354": "sinusitis symptoms developed...", "4f2sQ8BlJcy-00088-00035354-00035788": "this proved that L.sakei prevents CT from growing too much.", "4f2sQ8BlJcy-00089-00035788-00036000": "This is very surprising!!", "4f2sQ8BlJcy-00090-00036000-00036464": "because it highlights the incredible level of competition that occurs in the microbiome", "4f2sQ8BlJcy-00091-00036464-00036928": "between different species to maintain a healthy balanced state and prevent outgrowth of single", "4f2sQ8BlJcy-00092-00036928-00037369": "species which may affect the health of the patient (in this case CT).", "4f2sQ8BlJcy-00093-00037369-00037507": "So what did this study show?", "4f2sQ8BlJcy-00094-00037507-00038015": "Overall, this study provides both a model for the development of sinusitis, and a potential", "4f2sQ8BlJcy-00095-00038015-00038115": "treatment.", "4f2sQ8BlJcy-00096-00038115-00038638": "1- According to this study, CS may be caused by the overabundance of CT in the sinuses,", "4f2sQ8BlJcy-00097-00038638-00039088": "which somehow triggers activation of the immune system, skewing the body towards an inflammatory", "4f2sQ8BlJcy-00098-00039088-00039188": "state.", "4f2sQ8BlJcy-00099-00039188-00039829": "CT is found in normal healthy people so its presence is NOT pathogenic, what's pathogenic", "4f2sQ8BlJcy-00100-00039829-00040102": "is its overabundance.", "4f2sQ8BlJcy-00101-00040102-00040695": "Q1- Exactly HOW CT ends up becoming so abundant is unclear, but it could be due to a viral", "4f2sQ8BlJcy-00102-00040695-00041082": "infection, a weakened immune state, such as fatigue or some underlying disease, or antibiotics", "4f2sQ8BlJcy-00103-00041082-00041182": "which clear the microbiome giving a few species the opportunity to grow and become highly", "4f2sQ8BlJcy-00104-00041182-00041282": "abundant.", "4f2sQ8BlJcy-00105-00041282-00041382": "Q2- Also, its unclear HOW the overabundance of CT activates the immune system.", "4f2sQ8BlJcy-00106-00041382-00041482": "this will be an interesting question to follow up on.", "4f2sQ8BlJcy-00107-00041482-00041582": "2- According to this study, treatment with antibiotics, although it works in the short", "4f2sQ8BlJcy-00108-00041582-00042063": "term, could be detrimental in the long term because it could clear away some of the bacterial", "4f2sQ8BlJcy-00109-00042063-00042690": "species that are trying to keep CT in check and may in the long-term allow for an even", "4f2sQ8BlJcy-00110-00042690-00043384": "greater opportunity for CT to grow and induce more inflammation and stronger sinusitis symptoms!!", "4f2sQ8BlJcy-00111-00043384-00044040": "3- An alternative treatment for CS may actually be to supplement the sinusitis microbiome", "4f2sQ8BlJcy-00112-00044040-00044513": "which has very low diversity, by adding more LS, to try to return the microbiome to a healthy", "4f2sQ8BlJcy-00113-00044513-00044768": "balanced state.", "4f2sQ8BlJcy-00114-00044768-00045169": "What's also very impressive in this study is that, despite the amazing diversity of", "4f2sQ8BlJcy-00115-00045169-00045696": "everyone's microbiome, the scientists were still able to find ONE SINGLE species that", "4f2sQ8BlJcy-00116-00045696-00046232": "was over abundant (corynebacteria) that seemed to cause CS and ONE SINGLE species that was", "4f2sQ8BlJcy-00117-00046232-00046644": "depleted (l.sakei) that seemed to protect from CS in patients!!", "4f2sQ8BlJcy-00118-00046644-00046931": "So what does this mean to you?", "4f2sQ8BlJcy-00119-00046931-00047344": "This all sounds great as a model for the cause and treatment of sinusitis and it certainly", "4f2sQ8BlJcy-00120-00047344-00047493": "worked in their mouse system.", "4f2sQ8BlJcy-00121-00047493-00048195": "However, the scientists induced sinusitis solely by providing CT in the mouse sinuses.", "4f2sQ8BlJcy-00122-00048195-00048633": "this may not be the ONLY cause of sinusitis in humans, and it's definitely possible that", "4f2sQ8BlJcy-00123-00048633-00049088": "other bacterial species, viruses, or fungi could also contribute to causing sinusitis.", "4f2sQ8BlJcy-00124-00049088-00049590": "in which case, addition of LS may not be all that effective in all cases.", "4f2sQ8BlJcy-00125-00049590-00050118": "Also, CT may be providing some benefits when at normal levels as part of a health microbiome...", "4f2sQ8BlJcy-00126-00050118-00050458": "suggested by its presence in healthy people so its total elimination may be bad.", "4f2sQ8BlJcy-00127-00050458-00050691": "Empashing the importance of a balanced/diverse microbiome composition", "4f2sQ8BlJcy-00128-00050691-00051113": "Lastly, it's important to be cautious in our use of antibiotics because we may be killing", "4f2sQ8BlJcy-00129-00051113-00051696": "off some good bacteria and allowing a few species to outgrow, which decreases the diversity", "4f2sQ8BlJcy-00130-00051696-00052147": "of our microbiome and could be detrimental to our health.", "4f2sQ8BlJcy-00131-00052147-00052660": "All together, this study does provide overwhelming evidence that the search for a greater understanding", "4f2sQ8BlJcy-00132-00052660-00053112": "of the role of microbiome communities in our health could lead to some very interesting", "4f2sQ8BlJcy-00133-00053112-00053666": "discoveries related to the causes of disease, especially those involving inflammation.", "4f2sQ8BlJcy-00134-00053666-00054099": "these discoveries then provide a basis for the design of targeted therapies for a diseased", "4f2sQ8BlJcy-00135-00054099-00054199": "microbiome as this article demonstrates.", "4f2sQ8BlJcy-00136-00054199-00054762": "Thinking ahead, it may even be possible to profile an individual patient's microbiome", "4f2sQ8BlJcy-00137-00054762-00055245": "and determine which species are depleted or overabundant in that individual patient that", "4f2sQ8BlJcy-00138-00055245-00055712": "may be causing their disease; a step forward for personalized medicine."}}, {"audio_id": "4feVFEnbkd0", "text": {"4feVFEnbkd0-00000-00000000-00000570": "that's right Logan Paul just weighed in on the James Charles drama that's going", "4feVFEnbkd0-00001-00000570-00001893": "on and he's actually being a better person than Jeffrey star what is up", "4feVFEnbkd0-00002-00001893-00002298": "everybody this is Chris from the rewired soul where we talk about the problem but", "4feVFEnbkd0-00003-00002298-00002691": "focus on the solution and if you new to my channel what I'd like to do is take a", "4feVFEnbkd0-00004-00002691-00003009": "look at different topics going on in the YouTube community some of this drama is", "4feVFEnbkd0-00005-00003009-00003438": "going on and try to see what lessons we can learn from them by taking this mess", "4feVFEnbkd0-00006-00003438-00003812": "and turning it into a message so if you're into that stuff make sure you", "4feVFEnbkd0-00007-00003812-00004314": "subscribe and bring that notification bell so check this out it was maybe like", "4feVFEnbkd0-00008-00004314-00005078": "a week or two ago and one of my youtube mentors like this dude who I have the", "4feVFEnbkd0-00009-00005078-00005580": "utmost respect for we were talking in text and he's like yo he's like you need", "4feVFEnbkd0-00010-00005580-00005976": "to check out the Logan Paul podcast impulsive like he's actually a pretty", "4feVFEnbkd0-00011-00005976-00006606": "smart dude and I'm like like really like what what what are you talking about", "4feVFEnbkd0-00012-00006606-00006975": "like like I I know I know Logan Paul like I don't know him personally but", "4feVFEnbkd0-00013-00006975-00007370": "I've met a million logan paul's like i would not hang out with his crew right", "4feVFEnbkd0-00014-00007370-00007728": "i'd be fumbling with this crew you know what I mean but I've also seen Logan", "4feVFEnbkd0-00015-00007728-00007997": "Paul obviously with his Japan controversy and all those things I'm", "4feVFEnbkd0-00016-00007997-00008336": "like this dude doesn't have like an intelligent bone in his body but I also", "4feVFEnbkd0-00017-00008336-00008628": "know he you know the dudes of millionaire so he's got some", "4feVFEnbkd0-00018-00008628-00009147": "intelligence right but anyway so when my mentor told me that you know the the", "4feVFEnbkd0-00019-00009147-00009507": "Logan Paul podcast was actually pretty good they have some decent insights I'm", "4feVFEnbkd0-00020-00009507-00009875": "like yeah whatever I just I just didn't watch it like I've", "4feVFEnbkd0-00021-00009875-00010367": "seen some clips healing there and everything actually one dude who I", "4feVFEnbkd0-00022-00010367-00010947": "actually talked to not that long ago Kevin Hines who is the guy who was in", "4feVFEnbkd0-00023-00010947-00011517": "Logan post comeback video who jumped off the Golden Gate Bridge and now he speaks", "4feVFEnbkd0-00024-00011517-00011814": "all over the country for suicide awareness he was recently on the look at", "4feVFEnbkd0-00025-00011814-00012231": "paul podcast too but anyways English I saw an open palm on the impulsive", "4feVFEnbkd0-00026-00012231-00012795": "podcast just did a video titled dear James tall's right I'm like okay like I", "4feVFEnbkd0-00027-00012795-00013312": "was like I gotta see let's see what logan paul has to say", "4feVFEnbkd0-00028-00013312-00013909": "about this situation right like logan paul had the biggest controversy on", "4feVFEnbkd0-00029-00013909-00014226": "youtube today like nobody is going to beat it and by", "4feVFEnbkd0-00030-00014226-00014506": "the way by the way some of you who's been asking me when i mentioned like", "4feVFEnbkd0-00031-00014506-00015054": "Tana mojo filmed a dead body like go look it up like go watch i Nappers video", "4feVFEnbkd0-00032-00015054-00015516": "on it it was it was big it was like big news but not as big as the logan paul", "4feVFEnbkd0-00033-00015516-00015963": "one like hannah mojo vlogged opening up a bathroom door where i dude", "4feVFEnbkd0-00034-00015963-00016318": "overdose and she filmed it and put it up and she's since delete of the video like", "4feVFEnbkd0-00035-00016318-00016693": "i'm surprised how many people don't know about that story anyways welcome Paul", "4feVFEnbkd0-00036-00016693-00017151": "obviously filmed the body in Japan so I was like what what what's he had to say", "4feVFEnbkd0-00037-00017151-00017835": "about this so in the in the podcast he actually talks about how he doesn't like", "4feVFEnbkd0-00038-00017835-00018198": "James Charles he doesn't like James falls at all like he doesn't like James", "4feVFEnbkd0-00039-00018198-00018853": "Charles as a person because James Charles is like openly like sassed Logan", "4feVFEnbkd0-00040-00018853-00019279": "Paul on Twitter and things like that like he's not a fan of James Charles and", "4feVFEnbkd0-00041-00019279-00019816": "Logan Paul actually talks about how he was going to make a video like talking", "4feVFEnbkd0-00042-00019816-00020203": "crap and jumping on the hate train for James Falls because he felt this kind of", "4feVFEnbkd0-00043-00020203-00020593": "vindication and let me tell you let me tell you like Logan Paul touches on this", "4feVFEnbkd0-00044-00020593-00021001": "in this podcast but he says he no longer surrounds himself with yes men and a", "4feVFEnbkd0-00045-00021001-00021406": "bunch of people in his circle we're like yo dude don't make that video don't make", "4feVFEnbkd0-00046-00021406-00022023": "that video and Logan Paul talks about something like trust me I know what he's", "4feVFEnbkd0-00047-00022023-00022362": "talking about he was telling me how since his controversies felt like", "4feVFEnbkd0-00048-00022362-00022951": "restricted because he's a creator and he can't create what he wants and you know", "4feVFEnbkd0-00049-00022951-00023256": "because people are telling him like it's bad for his brand is bad for you know", "4feVFEnbkd0-00050-00023256-00023679": "all these other things right and I can definitely relate I can relate so so so", "4feVFEnbkd0-00051-00023679-00024018": "much I'm gonna vaguely touch on it but you guys know what I'm talking about", "4feVFEnbkd0-00052-00024018-00024562": "with the neck with the mythic Otto avocado situation going on I've had so", "4feVFEnbkd0-00053-00024562-00024960": "many requests to cover that story and it's just something I'm not gonna do", "4feVFEnbkd0-00054-00024960-00025359": "alright go watch an average videos on it but I understand the load nopal saying", "4feVFEnbkd0-00055-00025359-00025807": "like after you have some controversy you have to be very mindful of it but like", "4feVFEnbkd0-00056-00025807-00026255": "first I just got to give props to Logan Paul for having that grow", "4feVFEnbkd0-00057-00026255-00026744": "like it might a my fan of this content no do I agree with the the shameless", "4feVFEnbkd0-00058-00026744-00027250": "marketing he does towards kids no but this podcast is great because I", "4feVFEnbkd0-00059-00027250-00027733": "think it's like kids don't listen to podcast so you get to learn a little bit", "4feVFEnbkd0-00060-00027733-00028205": "more about who Logan Paul is as a person and his views on things and it's", "4feVFEnbkd0-00061-00028205-00028813": "actually not that bad but the next thing I want to talk about is that like I got", "4feVFEnbkd0-00062-00028813-00029239": "sort of heat on my video that was titled like PewDiePie defends James Charles and", "4feVFEnbkd0-00063-00029239-00029794": "here's the thing that people aren't getting like you can you can defend a", "4feVFEnbkd0-00064-00029794-00030265": "person without defending their actions I don't think a lot of people are getting", "4feVFEnbkd0-00065-00030265-00030640": "that because with the magnitude of this James Charles situation how it's blown", "4feVFEnbkd0-00066-00030640-00031171": "out of proportion like you cannot defend that person's actions but you can stand", "4feVFEnbkd0-00067-00031171-00031678": "up and say yo yo like the punishment does not fit the crime right you can", "4feVFEnbkd0-00068-00031678-00032156": "speak out against things like cancel culture and Bob mentality without you", "4feVFEnbkd0-00069-00032156-00032483": "know agree with what that person did I've said it in every video I've done on", "4feVFEnbkd0-00070-00032483-00032777": "Jim Charles like the dude did some scummy things he has a lot to learn a", "4feVFEnbkd0-00071-00032777-00033166": "lot to grow from but I am somebody who's a recovering drug addict an alcoholic", "4feVFEnbkd0-00072-00033166-00033496": "so I empathize with this guy and I believe forgiveness is one of the", "4feVFEnbkd0-00073-00033496-00033863": "important things as long as the person is willing to put in the work to to", "4feVFEnbkd0-00074-00033863-00034234": "improve as a person that's something that Logan Paul talks about a lot he has", "4feVFEnbkd0-00075-00034234-00034663": "advice for James Charles and things like that but where does Jeffrey star come", "4feVFEnbkd0-00076-00034663-00035021": "into play where does every star coming to play like Logan Paul throughout this", "4feVFEnbkd0-00077-00035021-00035531": "podcast I'll touch on a few more of the things you talk about in a second but he", "4feVFEnbkd0-00078-00035531-00035855": "he is not taking any kind of moral high-ground", "4feVFEnbkd0-00079-00035855-00036319": "against James Charles like meanwhile meanwhile Jeffrey star who is supposed", "4feVFEnbkd0-00080-00036319-00036944": "to be a friend and a mentor to James Charles is just throwing that dude under", "4feVFEnbkd0-00081-00036944-00037436": "the bus I highly recommend all of you go and watch the new video from I'm Alex", "4feVFEnbkd0-00082-00037436-00038047": "talking about this like it is absolute like I feel so bad for James Charles and", "4feVFEnbkd0-00083-00038047-00038687": "the aspect of the crappy friends that he was keeping around and the terrible", "4feVFEnbkd0-00084-00038687-00039137": "mentor he kept around with Jeff I saw Jeff Lee star here's a screenshot real", "4feVFEnbkd0-00085-00039137-00039441": "quick Jeffery star has", "4feVFEnbkd0-00086-00039441-00040078": "thousands of tweets since this controversy happened it is so easy it is", "4feVFEnbkd0-00087-00040078-00040644": "so easy for people to take the moral high ground when somebody else is", "4feVFEnbkd0-00088-00040644-00041158": "getting kicked in the teeth it is so easy for someone like Jeffrey star to", "4feVFEnbkd0-00089-00041158-00041626": "call James Charles a predator to say that he's banned from his house to call", "4feVFEnbkd0-00090-00041626-00042153": "him a danger to society I just watched a new drama alert video on this and", "4feVFEnbkd0-00091-00042153-00042544": "keemstar actually talked to James Charles Oh not", "4feVFEnbkd0-00092-00042544-00042751": "James Charles keemstar actually talked to Geoffrey", "4feVFEnbkd0-00093-00042751-00043159": "star and Geoffrey star told him some things off record and everything like", "4feVFEnbkd0-00094-00043159-00043828": "that like I could not imagine I liked unless James Charles like did just", "4feVFEnbkd0-00095-00043828-00044155": "something so horrendous I cannot imagine I've went through a", "4feVFEnbkd0-00096-00044155-00044569": "million possibilities and scenarios in my head I'm trying to imagine what James", "4feVFEnbkd0-00097-00044569-00044977": "Charles could have done that Geoffrey's talking about that Geoffrey has he done", "4feVFEnbkd0-00098-00044977-00045751": "which is either a as bad or be worse so like in my opinion in my opinion like", "4feVFEnbkd0-00099-00045751-00046318": "Geoffrey star is being such a terrible person right now and like you can you", "4feVFEnbkd0-00100-00046318-00046759": "get to announce a person's actions without getting rid of them like going", "4feVFEnbkd0-00101-00046759-00047212": "back to defending the person's the person rather than their actions like", "4feVFEnbkd0-00102-00047212-00047716": "think about if you have a child like any of you parents out there my son", "4feVFEnbkd0-00103-00047716-00048163": "screws up my son's a great kid he's a fantastic kid teachers love them parents", "4feVFEnbkd0-00104-00048163-00048466": "love him like when he goes over to a friend's house but he screws up right", "4feVFEnbkd0-00105-00048466-00049102": "like when my kid gets in trouble at school like if if the punishment didn't", "4feVFEnbkd0-00106-00049102-00049612": "fit the crime and if like the the teachers or the school was like", "4feVFEnbkd0-00107-00049612-00050200": "punishing my son like way more than I thought was like fit for what he did", "4feVFEnbkd0-00108-00050200-00050596": "you're damn right I'm gonna stick up for my son and that's what disgusts me about", "4feVFEnbkd0-00109-00050596-00051072": "people like Geoffrey star in this situation because he's not doing that", "4feVFEnbkd0-00110-00051072-00051417": "like that would be like me just throwing my son to the wolves and just going like", "4feVFEnbkd0-00111-00051417-00051850": "Oh kid you screwed up you made your bed yeah yeah go the school system like no", "4feVFEnbkd0-00112-00051850-00052465": "like stick up for him and all these totally honest in my opinion", "4feVFEnbkd0-00113-00052465-00053110": "two people two people Tati Westbrook and Shane Dawson need to make like a full", "4feVFEnbkd0-00114-00053110-00053452": "public statement they've made a couple statements but like I need something a", "4feVFEnbkd0-00115-00053452-00053944": "little bit more in depth to help James Charles out because nobody thought this", "4feVFEnbkd0-00116-00053944-00054235": "was gonna happen nobody expected this to happen", "4feVFEnbkd0-00117-00054235-00054654": "Geoffrey star I don't expect it from him he's not he's not the great guy that", "4feVFEnbkd0-00118-00054654-00055246": "everybody thinks he is in my opinion but anyways going back to Logan Paul like", "4feVFEnbkd0-00119-00055246-00055795": "Logan Paul discusses what he would do if he was James Charles or his advice to", "4feVFEnbkd0-00120-00055795-00056202": "James Charles which is like understanding that you're not canceled", "4feVFEnbkd0-00121-00056202-00056541": "you're not fully canceled like that is great advice like he's still going to", "4feVFEnbkd0-00122-00056541-00057085": "have a loyal following because James star James star what is wrong with me", "4feVFEnbkd0-00123-00057085-00057640": "James Charles is good at what he does he's good at makeup he's great at makeup", "4feVFEnbkd0-00124-00057640-00058213": "right so he has a skill okay that is going to keep an audience he is a great", "4feVFEnbkd0-00125-00058213-00058802": "businessman and everything like that but Logan Paul's advice to James Charles is", "4feVFEnbkd0-00126-00058802-00059302": "you have to work on yourself as a person like that's the only thing and that's", "4feVFEnbkd0-00127-00059302-00059800": "all we can do that's all we can do like the hate mob is so brutal like people", "4feVFEnbkd0-00128-00059800-00060167": "just want somebody to delete their channel disappear into the mountains", "4feVFEnbkd0-00129-00060167-00060670": "forever which is absolutely ridiculous like imagine if you screwed up at your", "4feVFEnbkd0-00130-00060670-00061150": "job and like you're just never supposed to be in that career again for something", "4feVFEnbkd0-00131-00061150-00061788": "that is not even like that bad and what I say god that like logan paul goes into", "4feVFEnbkd0-00132-00061788-00062407": "quite a bit of his own opinion about how labeling James Charles as a sexual", "4feVFEnbkd0-00133-00062407-00062782": "predator is absolutely ridiculous that people need to chill out with that", "4feVFEnbkd0-00134-00062782-00063204": "nonsense like they mentioned like you know people like it was either are Kelly", "4feVFEnbkd0-00135-00063204-00063700": "or Michael Jackson like those are sexual predators like you are you're lumping", "4feVFEnbkd0-00136-00063700-00064252": "James Charles into a category with people like or Kelly okay so like people", "4feVFEnbkd0-00137-00064252-00064723": "need to chill out with that mask but it's it's just amazing to me that you", "4feVFEnbkd0-00138-00064723-00065440": "have somebody like logan paul who is showing more empathy and maturity than", "4feVFEnbkd0-00139-00065440-00065842": "somebody like Jeffrey star like I think people really need", "4feVFEnbkd0-00140-00065842-00066406": "is that and like like Logan Paul Thompson's podcast like the beauty", "4feVFEnbkd0-00141-00066406-00067113": "community is absolutely ruthless and the best way I can sum it up is it feels", "4feVFEnbkd0-00142-00067113-00067648": "like the beauty community is just filled with people who have black-and-white", "4feVFEnbkd0-00143-00067648-00068230": "thinking who are willing to step over each other and it is just it's brutal", "4feVFEnbkd0-00144-00068230-00068776": "I'll leave you with this one of my favorite people to read books from to", "4feVFEnbkd0-00145-00068776-00069418": "watch youtube videos from to follow on social media is Gary Vaynerchuk and what", "4feVFEnbkd0-00146-00069418-00069757": "Logan Paul talks about why he did it by King James Charlesworth while he was out", "4feVFEnbkd0-00147-00069757-00070377": "is what Gary Vaynerchuk talked about and he Gary always says this like a lot of", "4feVFEnbkd0-00148-00070377-00070902": "people try to have the biggest building in town by tearing down all of the other", "4feVFEnbkd0-00149-00070902-00071497": "buildings but the thing to do with integrity is to just build the biggest", "4feVFEnbkd0-00150-00071497-00071883": "building in town and that's the problem we see with the beauty community is", "4feVFEnbkd0-00151-00071883-00072538": "everybody is trying to tell each other down and looking at this thing now that", "4feVFEnbkd0-00152-00072538-00072951": "is kind of like you know calming down a little bit we have to check in with", "4feVFEnbkd0-00153-00072951-00073516": "people like Geoffrey Stars motives I don't think talked to Westbrook had poor", "4feVFEnbkd0-00154-00073516-00073906": "motives I I think I think she's reflected on this situation and", "4feVFEnbkd0-00155-00073906-00074272": "realizing that you know maybe she should have handled this in a different way", "4feVFEnbkd0-00156-00074272-00074882": "because nobody nobody on earth could have seen this company coming but but", "4feVFEnbkd0-00157-00074882-00075547": "one more thing the thing that bums me out is how people like Shane Dawson taki", "4feVFEnbkd0-00158-00075547-00076300": "Westbrook and so many other people cosign Jeffery stars bullcrap right", "4feVFEnbkd0-00159-00076300-00076956": "they cosign him and god only knows why it's because when Jeffrey star does it", "4feVFEnbkd0-00160-00076956-00077431": "is totally okay with Jeff Lee start to lease thousands of tweets everybody", "4feVFEnbkd0-00161-00077431-00077881": "turns a blind eye doesn't question it like where are the people in Jeffery", "4feVFEnbkd0-00162-00077881-00078466": "stars like to say hey Jeffrey remember when you did literally the exact same", "4feVFEnbkd0-00163-00078466-00078932": "things do you remember that hey Jeffrey do you remember when you were saying", "4feVFEnbkd0-00164-00078932-00079405": "openly racist slurs like why is nobody in", "4feVFEnbkd0-00165-00079405-00079885": "Geoffrey's inner circle calling that in fact Jeff Lee star is currently number", "4feVFEnbkd0-00166-00079885-00080521": "two trending on YouTube right now okay just completely enabling him like I", "4feVFEnbkd0-00167-00080521-00081019": "don't know this whole situation has had me change my opinion on Jeffery star as", "4feVFEnbkd0-00168-00081019-00081460": "a person and what I want you all to take a take away from this it's like look who", "4feVFEnbkd0-00169-00081460-00081844": "you're hanging out with look at who kicks who when they're down and and", "4feVFEnbkd0-00170-00081844-00082270": "everything like that like just check in with this stuff and you know what like", "4feVFEnbkd0-00171-00082270-00082858": "makeup is cool makeup is fun if you like doing makeup you do you boo but the", "4feVFEnbkd0-00172-00082858-00083215": "other thing you should do is watch swoops new video I'll link that down in", "4feVFEnbkd0-00173-00083215-00083647": "the description with with the new on Alex video as well as a pulse of podcast", "4feVFEnbkd0-00174-00083647-00084031": "but swoop talks about why she kind of got out of the beauty community because", "4feVFEnbkd0-00175-00084031-00084385": "it's absolutely brutal anyways this video is a lot longer than I thought it", "4feVFEnbkd0-00176-00084385-00084673": "was going to be if you like this video please give it a thumbs up if you new", "4feVFEnbkd0-00177-00084673-00084994": "make sure you subscribe and ring that notification bell because I make a ton", "4feVFEnbkd0-00178-00084994-00085294": "of videos and a huge huge thank you to everybody supporting the channel over on", "4feVFEnbkd0-00179-00085294-00085600": "patreon you're all amazing and if you would like to help support what I'm", "4feVFEnbkd0-00180-00085600-00085993": "doing here get access to our monthly Q&A some of the perks benefits get your name", "4feVFEnbkd0-00181-00085993-00086377": "in the credits could the tap right there alright thanks again so so much for", "4feVFEnbkd0-00182-00086377-00086708": "watching I'll see you next time"}}, {"audio_id": "4fLWXS66yju", "text": {"4fLWXS66yju-00000-00000016-00000376": "In Jesus name you unclean spirit who are you in this body?", "4fLWXS66yju-00001-00000504-00001052": "Unforgiveness. Who? Unforgiveness. Who else is in this body? Abandonment.", "4fLWXS66yju-00002-00001168-00001543": "When did you enter her life? When she was nine years old.", "4fLWXS66yju-00003-00001543-00001952": "When nine years old. Okay, who else is in this body?", "4fLWXS66yju-00004-00002244-00002344": "rejection", "4fLWXS66yju-00005-00002344-00002408": "rejection", "4fLWXS66yju-00006-00002952-00003244": "You spirit of witchcraft are you in there as well? Yes", "4fLWXS66yju-00007-00003368-00003479": "When did you enter her body?", "4fLWXS66yju-00008-00003708-00003847": "About twelve.Twelve,", "4fLWXS66yju-00009-00003847-00004384": "How?", "4fLWXS66yju-00010-00004504-00005152": "Say it again. My Aunt got a bruja in the house. Your Aunt brought a cursed thing into the house", "4fLWXS66yju-00011-00005272-00005720": "and that's how you entered her. Okay now you spirit of witchcraft, well before you go,", "4fLWXS66yju-00012-00005720-00006152": "how did you affect her body, how did you affect her life, what did you do?", "4fLWXS66yju-00013-00006423-00007048": "Okay, you coming out! Fire fire fire fire! Come out! Come out of her body! witchcraft,", "4fLWXS66yju-00014-00007048-00007984": "abandonment, rejection all of you out! Come out! Fire fire fire fire in Jesus name!", "4fLWXS66yju-00015-00007984-00008584": "You'll be tormented until you leave. You'll be tormented until you leave. Come out!", "4fLWXS66yju-00016-00008664-00008968": "Come out of her body right now! Come out of her body right now!", "4fLWXS66yju-00017-00009176-00009744": "Out completely out of every part of her body. Out of every part of her soul, right now! Witchcraft,", "4fLWXS66yju-00018-00009888-00010648": "every occult initiation, right now! I disconnect her by the power of the blood of Jesus!", "4fLWXS66yju-00019-00010816-00011512": "Every abandonment, every rejection, right now you unclean spirit, the cause of her affliction and", "4fLWXS66yju-00020-00011512-00012064": "pain you're leaving right now! Right now, right now, that's it, that's the way out,", "4fLWXS66yju-00021-00012248-00012856": "that's the way out. You lost once in heaven you were thrown out. You lost second time when Jesus", "4fLWXS66yju-00022-00012912-00013528": "gave his life and today you're losing for a third time in her life. Come out!", "4fLWXS66yju-00023-00014112-00014888": "You're leaving, you're leaving, you're leaving, fire fire fire", "4fLWXS66yju-00024-00015072-00015719": "fire! You're coming out every snake, every witchcraft, every occult right now is coming out.", "4fLWXS66yju-00025-00015832-00016056": "Every covenant of the enemy is coming out right now,", "4fLWXS66yju-00026-00016160-00016984": "coming out right now, coming out. You snake you're coming out! You're coming out! You're coming out!", "4fLWXS66yju-00027-00017224-00017792": "You're coming out, by the blood of Jesus! You're coming out! That's it, that's it,", "4fLWXS66yju-00028-00017792-00018416": "that's it, you're coming out! That's it, that's the way out! Out in Jesus name!", "4fLWXS66yju-00029-00018616-00019352": "Every single one of you. None one left behind. That's it, every single one of you in Jesus name!", "4fLWXS66yju-00030-00019688-00019784": "In Jesus name!", "4fLWXS66yju-00031-00020072-00020592": "Hi, my name is Gloria Barrientes. I'm from Lake Jackson, Texas and my daughter is the one who", "4fLWXS66yju-00032-00020592-00021160": "found this conference. When I was nine years old my parents died in a car accident. I was raised by", "4fLWXS66yju-00033-00021160-00021856": "my Aunt and Uncle, felt like I never was wanted, I felt rejection and I just felt abandonment.", "4fLWXS66yju-00034-00021952-00022880": "I felt rejected and then I've been going on I've only been a Christian for two years-", "4fLWXS66yju-00035-00022880-00023584": "became a Christian in my sister's hospice room two years ago, and on my 35th wedding anniversary my", "4fLWXS66yju-00036-00023584-00024520": "husband and I both got baptized and ever since then I've been manifesting, for over a year", "4fLWXS66yju-00037-00024576-00024936": "trying to get all these demons out of me. I didn't know I had,", "4fLWXS66yju-00038-00025112-00025632": "and finally, before my I left to come to the conference my husband said,", "4fLWXS66yju-00039-00025752-00026488": "I hope you get freed of all your demons and know what freedom really feels like and I feel it,", "4fLWXS66yju-00040-00026568-00027304": "I finally believe that God has gotten rid of all my demons. Finally,", "4fLWXS66yju-00041-00027304-00027888": "I'm set free. Thank you Jesus, thank you Father, I'm set free."}}, {"audio_id": "4gjUuAOmE6Y", "text": {}}, {"audio_id": "4glSzskV6R8", "text": {"4glSzskV6R8-00000-00000145-00000505": "Biostatistics is a branch of statistics that", "4glSzskV6R8-00001-00000505-00000707": "apply to human health data.", "4glSzskV6R8-00002-00000707-00001039": "So we use the statistical tools to identify", "4glSzskV6R8-00003-00001039-00001417": "how disease develops and how treatment works.", "4glSzskV6R8-00004-00001417-00001757": "[MUSIC PLAYING]", "4glSzskV6R8-00005-00002145-00002465": "I came to the Kaiser Permanente Research Evaluation", "4glSzskV6R8-00006-00002465-00002678": "because of the data from Kaiser Permanente", "4glSzskV6R8-00007-00002678-00002993": "electronic medical record is collected for many years.", "4glSzskV6R8-00008-00002993-00003311": "For many diseases, you need a long history", "4glSzskV6R8-00009-00003311-00003679": "to know what's going on, and it's almost impossible", "4glSzskV6R8-00010-00003679-00003896": "to start collecting information from beginning", "4glSzskV6R8-00011-00003896-00004232": "and the follow the cohort for a long time to study that.", "4glSzskV6R8-00012-00004232-00004442": "But here, we have the resource for us", "4glSzskV6R8-00013-00004442-00004814": "to do that because our members are stable for a long time.", "4glSzskV6R8-00014-00004814-00004946": "The moms are here.", "4glSzskV6R8-00015-00004946-00005277": "Their children are here, and naturally they were followed.", "4glSzskV6R8-00016-00005277-00005618": "So we can use that to see in the long term how disease develops.", "4glSzskV6R8-00017-00005618-00005904": "And the data is important because the results", "4glSzskV6R8-00018-00005904-00006272": "that we generate will help to patients prevent the disease", "4glSzskV6R8-00019-00006272-00006470": "and learn what the best treatment", "4glSzskV6R8-00020-00006470-00006677": "option for their health.", "4glSzskV6R8-00021-00006677-00006923": "Also, we partner with our physicians,", "4glSzskV6R8-00022-00006923-00007163": "and our statisticians help to analyze", "4glSzskV6R8-00023-00007163-00007469": "data address the question that came from physicians.", "4glSzskV6R8-00024-00007469-00007772": "So those results we generate can directly", "4glSzskV6R8-00025-00007772-00008159": "apply, to translate to the care of our members", "4glSzskV6R8-00026-00008159-00008412": "and also to everyone else in the world.", "4glSzskV6R8-00027-00008412-00008777": "[MUSIC PLAYING]"}}, {"audio_id": "4gFim8BPcmU", "text": {"4gFim8BPcmU-00000-00000070-00000153": "- Hola unconventionals!", "4gFim8BPcmU-00001-00000153-00000236": "I'm Amelia,", "4gFim8BPcmU-00002-00000236-00000319": "- And I'm JP", "4gFim8BPcmU-00003-00000319-00000407": "- And we are back in Guayaquil", "4gFim8BPcmU-00004-00000407-00000574": "to pick up JP's laptop.", "4gFim8BPcmU-00005-00000574-00000813": "- Yeah and several people had recommended", "4gFim8BPcmU-00006-00000813-00000953": "we visit Samborondón which is", "4gFim8BPcmU-00007-00000953-00001201": "just North of the airport here", "4gFim8BPcmU-00008-00001201-00001451": "in Guayaquil, so we took a cab up here", "4gFim8BPcmU-00009-00001451-00001655": "from our hotel and we're enjoying a walk", "4gFim8BPcmU-00010-00001655-00001836": "around Plaza Lagos.", "4gFim8BPcmU-00011-00002282-00002468": "We went back to Guayaquil last weekend", "4gFim8BPcmU-00012-00002468-00002671": "to get my laptop and we're going to", "4gFim8BPcmU-00013-00002671-00002887": "tell you more about that in just a bit", "4gFim8BPcmU-00014-00002887-00003084": "and show you more of Samborondón.", "4gFim8BPcmU-00015-00003084-00003246": "- Yes, but first we want to give you", "4gFim8BPcmU-00016-00003246-00003494": "a Covid/quarantine update, and we also", "4gFim8BPcmU-00017-00003494-00003761": "want to congratulate two very special", "4gFim8BPcmU-00018-00003761-00003883": "people that live in Quito.", "4gFim8BPcmU-00019-00003883-00004134": "- Yes, a huge congratulations to", "4gFim8BPcmU-00020-00004134-00004462": "110-year-old Julio Cesar Mora Tapia and", "4gFim8BPcmU-00021-00004462-00004916": "104-year-old Waldramina Maclovia Quinteros Reyes", "4gFim8BPcmU-00022-00004916-00005205": "who were just named the world's oldest", "4gFim8BPcmU-00023-00005205-00005447": "married couple by Guinness World Records", "4gFim8BPcmU-00024-00005447-00005540": "- Felicidades!", "4gFim8BPcmU-00025-00005540-00005766": "- Yes, they've been married for 79 years.", "4gFim8BPcmU-00026-00005766-00005860": "- That's so impressive.", "4gFim8BPcmU-00027-00005860-00005993": "- Yeah when they were asked about", "4gFim8BPcmU-00028-00005993-00006261": "why they chose to get married Waldramina said", "4gFim8BPcmU-00029-00006261-00006495": "she found Julio Cesar a loving man", "4gFim8BPcmU-00030-00006495-00006741": "with a young spirit and a great literary potential", "4gFim8BPcmU-00031-00006741-00006998": "who captivated her with his beautiful poetry", "4gFim8BPcmU-00032-00006998-00007192": "- Aww! Que romántico!", "4gFim8BPcmU-00033-00007192-00007321": "(Laughs)", "4gFim8BPcmU-00034-00007321-00007580": "- And Julio Cesar said he fell in love with", "4gFim8BPcmU-00035-00007580-00007719": "Waldramina because of her beauty,", "4gFim8BPcmU-00036-00007719-00008000": "long conversations and her big heart combined", "4gFim8BPcmU-00037-00008000-00008164": "with a firm character.", "4gFim8BPcmU-00038-00008164-00008248": "- Wow!", "4gFim8BPcmU-00039-00008248-00008425": "- I'll put a link to that article on the", "4gFim8BPcmU-00040-00008425-00008658": "Guinness World Record's website below", "4gFim8BPcmU-00041-00008658-00008782": "if you want to go read the whole article", "4gFim8BPcmU-00042-00008782-00008914": "and look at all of their pictures.", "4gFim8BPcmU-00043-00008914-00009211": "- I'm just amazed that they're 110 and 104", "4gFim8BPcmU-00044-00009211-00009443": "and they've been married for 79 years!", "4gFim8BPcmU-00045-00009443-00009526": "- I know!", "4gFim8BPcmU-00046-00009526-00009687": "- Wow! I hope we make it that long, JP.", "4gFim8BPcmU-00047-00009687-00010062": "- We would have to be a 127 and 123", "4gFim8BPcmU-00048-00010062-00010344": "in order to be married for that many years.", "4gFim8BPcmU-00049-00010344-00010512": "- We probably won't live that long.", "4gFim8BPcmU-00050-00010512-00010679": "- It's a long time!", "4gFim8BPcmU-00051-00010886-00010969": "You might!", "4gFim8BPcmU-00052-00010969-00011052": "- I don't think so.", "4gFim8BPcmU-00053-00011052-00011136": "- You'd probably be on your 10th husband", "4gFim8BPcmU-00054-00011136-00011229": "by then!", "4gFim8BPcmU-00055-00011229-00011312": "- Hey!", "4gFim8BPcmU-00056-00011405-00011594": "(Laughs)", "4gFim8BPcmU-00057-00011594-00011887": "Very funny! Stonestreet.", "4gFim8BPcmU-00058-00011887-00012130": "- Now for the Covid quarantine update.", "4gFim8BPcmU-00059-00012130-00012429": "- Yes, the 14-day quarantine has been lifted!", "4gFim8BPcmU-00060-00012429-00012512": "Woo hoo!", "4gFim8BPcmU-00061-00012512-00012640": "- Yup, you don't have to stay in a hotel", "4gFim8BPcmU-00062-00012640-00012905": "for 14-days anymore as long as you come", "4gFim8BPcmU-00063-00012905-00013125": "with a negative PCR Covid test that is", "4gFim8BPcmU-00064-00013125-00013382": "less than 10 days old. If you don't come with one", "4gFim8BPcmU-00065-00013382-00013568": "then you can get the test done at the airport", "4gFim8BPcmU-00066-00013568-00013807": "but you have to pay for it and wait for the", "4gFim8BPcmU-00067-00013807-00013971": "results before you can leave the airport.", "4gFim8BPcmU-00068-00013971-00014156": "- Yeah that's really good news especially for", "4gFim8BPcmU-00069-00014156-00014319": "tourism. And speaking of tourism,", "4gFim8BPcmU-00070-00014319-00014719": "most of the beaches opened as of August 28th", "4gFim8BPcmU-00071-00014719-00014941": "so that is also great news and I know that", "4gFim8BPcmU-00072-00014941-00015162": "they're using a program to maintain social", "4gFim8BPcmU-00073-00015162-00015403": "distancing they're using the existing", "4gFim8BPcmU-00074-00015516-00015616": "911 cameras", "4gFim8BPcmU-00075-00015616-00015783": "and loud speakers", "4gFim8BPcmU-00076-00015783-00015920": "to make sure people are respecting the", "4gFim8BPcmU-00077-00015920-00016126": "boundaries and wearing masks, so you", "4gFim8BPcmU-00078-00016126-00016236": "still have to follow all the", "4gFim8BPcmU-00079-00016236-00016518": "bio security protocols, but slowly but surely", "4gFim8BPcmU-00080-00016518-00016806": "things are starting to return to normal", "4gFim8BPcmU-00081-00016806-00017104": "- Yeah the government is ending the state", "4gFim8BPcmU-00082-00017104-00017358": "of exception on September 12th", "4gFim8BPcmU-00083-00017456-00017539": "but after that,", "4gFim8BPcmU-00084-00017539-00017722": "what's the program called Amelia?", "4gFim8BPcmU-00085-00017722-00017836": "- Yo me cuido", "4gFim8BPcmU-00086-00017836-00017919": "- Yo me cuido?", "4gFim8BPcmU-00087-00017919-00018003": "- Cuido.", "4gFim8BPcmU-00088-00018003-00018132": "- Yeah it's basically take care", "4gFim8BPcmU-00089-00018132-00018298": "of yourself campaign which means", "4gFim8BPcmU-00090-00018298-00018559": "wash your hands, wear a mask, maintain", "4gFim8BPcmU-00091-00018559-00018819": "social distancing, and that way the", "4gFim8BPcmU-00092-00018819-00019028": "Government can kind of step out of our lives.", "4gFim8BPcmU-00093-00019028-00019245": "- I just read that Quito opened two of", "4gFim8BPcmU-00094-00019245-00019393": "its bus terminals so they're going to", "4gFim8BPcmU-00095-00019393-00019553": "start the inter-provincial buses again", "4gFim8BPcmU-00096-00019553-00019660": "which is good news.", "4gFim8BPcmU-00097-00019660-00019806": "- Yeah and Guayaquil has opened a bunch", "4gFim8BPcmU-00098-00019806-00020099": "of gyms and some public spaces. They haven't", "4gFim8BPcmU-00099-00020099-00020264": "opened all of them yet, hopefully more", "4gFim8BPcmU-00100-00020264-00020444": "will be opened when we go back next time.", "4gFim8BPcmU-00101-00020444-00020532": "- Yes!", "4gFim8BPcmU-00102-00020532-00020692": "We'll keep you all updated because it's gonna be", "4gFim8BPcmU-00103-00020692-00020882": "interesting to see how things progress over", "4gFim8BPcmU-00104-00020882-00021023": "the next few weeks.", "4gFim8BPcmU-00105-00021023-00021297": "- Yeah, it will be as the country slowly", "4gFim8BPcmU-00106-00021297-00021504": "reopens and hopefully tourists will return", "4gFim8BPcmU-00107-00021504-00021689": "so people can start earning a living again.", "4gFim8BPcmU-00108-00021689-00021772": "- Exactly.", "4gFim8BPcmU-00109-00021772-00021884": "- All right we also have some news", "4gFim8BPcmU-00110-00021884-00022130": "from LiveAbroadNow.com, our new website.", "4gFim8BPcmU-00111-00022130-00022309": "We have a new blog post called", "4gFim8BPcmU-00112-00022309-00022519": "\"how to move abroad\" so I'll put a link", "4gFim8BPcmU-00113-00022519-00022659": "to that in the description if you'd like", "4gFim8BPcmU-00114-00022659-00022914": "to go read it and tomorrow is the", "4gFim8BPcmU-00115-00022914-00023065": "Friday Expat Newsletter day", "4gFim8BPcmU-00116-00023065-00023247": "so we're going to talk about", "4gFim8BPcmU-00117-00023247-00023529": "a new tax that is going to be", "4gFim8BPcmU-00118-00023529-00023805": "instituted for streaming services and", "4gFim8BPcmU-00119-00023805-00024094": "digital services like Spotify and Netflix.", "4gFim8BPcmU-00120-00024094-00024247": "So, if you're interested in learning about", "4gFim8BPcmU-00121-00024247-00024485": "that go ahead and sign up for the newsletter", "4gFim8BPcmU-00122-00024485-00024731": "while your over there on LiveAbroadNow.com.", "4gFim8BPcmU-00123-00024731-00024891": "- Now lets head back to Guayaquil so", "4gFim8BPcmU-00124-00024891-00025064": "you can see Samborondón.", "4gFim8BPcmU-00125-00025064-00025311": "Before we show you Samborondón, if you're", "4gFim8BPcmU-00126-00025311-00025493": "new to our channel, hit the subscribe button", "4gFim8BPcmU-00127-00025493-00025719": "and ring the bell please! Because we show you", "4gFim8BPcmU-00128-00025719-00025957": "what it's really like to live in Ecuador!", "4gFim8BPcmU-00129-00025957-00026207": "( slow music)", "4gFim8BPcmU-00130-00027272-00027502": "- Amelia this feels like Venice.", "4gFim8BPcmU-00131-00027502-00027699": "- I've never been I wouldn't know. But it is", "4gFim8BPcmU-00132-00027699-00028020": "beautiful. I'm feeling disoriented; it reminds me", "4gFim8BPcmU-00133-00028305-00028579": "of being in this part of-I can't remember", "4gFim8BPcmU-00134-00028579-00028798": "if it was Arizona or Southern California", "4gFim8BPcmU-00135-00028798-00028972": "especially when we drove over-reminded me of", "4gFim8BPcmU-00136-00028972-00029145": "Gilbert where my parents used to live.", "4gFim8BPcmU-00137-00029145-00029362": "- Amelia is having a really rough go", "4gFim8BPcmU-00138-00029362-00029614": "of it right now because it feels like", "4gFim8BPcmU-00139-00029614-00029764": "we've entered a time warp or", "4gFim8BPcmU-00140-00029924-00030093": "a transporter", "4gFim8BPcmU-00141-00030093-00030288": "and ended up some place completely different", "4gFim8BPcmU-00142-00030288-00030547": "from where we are used to being and she is", "4gFim8BPcmU-00143-00030547-00030889": "having a hard time adjusting her mindset.", "4gFim8BPcmU-00144-00030889-00031061": "She just keeps looking around and she", "4gFim8BPcmU-00145-00031061-00031210": "can't complete a sentence.", "4gFim8BPcmU-00146-00031352-00031435": "- Yeah it's weird.", "4gFim8BPcmU-00147-00031435-00031558": "- I told her I don't think we're going to", "4gFim8BPcmU-00148-00031558-00031877": "go film today because your mind is not here.", "4gFim8BPcmU-00149-00031877-00032044": "- I'll adapt.", "4gFim8BPcmU-00150-00032044-00032164": "- It is a bit confusing.", "4gFim8BPcmU-00151-00032164-00032247": "- Yeah", "4gFim8BPcmU-00152-00032247-00032451": "- But this is definitely a very upscale", "4gFim8BPcmU-00153-00032451-00032627": "area and a lot of people told us that", "4gFim8BPcmU-00154-00032627-00032895": "and told us we should come over and see it", "4gFim8BPcmU-00155-00032895-00033011": "and man, they were right.", "4gFim8BPcmU-00156-00033011-00033237": "- I know, it's crazy, and it was only a ten-", "4gFim8BPcmU-00157-00033237-00033459": "minute cab ride over here. Wow.", "4gFim8BPcmU-00158-00038653-00038747": "- Amelia that looks dangerous.", "4gFim8BPcmU-00159-00038747-00039005": "- I know I love those Aperol spritz's.", "4gFim8BPcmU-00160-00039005-00039193": "- Yeah I think we can make a day here.", "4gFim8BPcmU-00161-00039193-00039276": "- We could!", "4gFim8BPcmU-00162-00042008-00042188": "- Well we can't show you a lot here", "4gFim8BPcmU-00163-00042188-00042353": "because it's very heavily secured", "4gFim8BPcmU-00164-00042353-00042644": "and the residential area is gated and", "4gFim8BPcmU-00165-00042644-00042855": "they won't let us go in there and so", "4gFim8BPcmU-00166-00042855-00043094": "I think were going to try and find a cab", "4gFim8BPcmU-00167-00043094-00043237": "and go somewhere else over here.", "4gFim8BPcmU-00168-00043237-00043425": "Amelia is looking now to try and find us", "4gFim8BPcmU-00169-00043425-00043643": "some place to go. Where are we going Amelia?", "4gFim8BPcmU-00170-00043643-00043872": "- I don't know. I haven't gotten that far yet.", "4gFim8BPcmU-00171-00043872-00043971": "- Alright well we'll let you know", "4gFim8BPcmU-00172-00043971-00044106": "as soon as we do.", "4gFim8BPcmU-00173-00044106-00044347": "We stopped at La Tinta Café because of", "4gFim8BPcmU-00174-00044347-00044498": "their sign about the", "4gFim8BPcmU-00175-00044498-00044612": "\"tres por dos\"", "4gFim8BPcmU-00176-00044612-00044860": "Aperol spritz's.", "4gFim8BPcmU-00177-00044860-00045101": "- Yes, we're not driving. We are also", "4gFim8BPcmU-00178-00045101-00045313": "getting a couple salads which sound really good.", "4gFim8BPcmU-00179-00045313-00045524": "It's actually quite warm here, it's such", "4gFim8BPcmU-00180-00045524-00045751": "a difference in temperature and sunshine", "4gFim8BPcmU-00181-00045751-00045964": "compared to Olón. But we are over two-and-", "4gFim8BPcmU-00182-00045964-00046290": "a-half hours, we're about 3 hours away from Olón", "4gFim8BPcmU-00183-00046290-00046373": "right now.", "4gFim8BPcmU-00184-00046373-00046544": "- Yeah it's very warm here. it's not very humid", "4gFim8BPcmU-00185-00046544-00046678": "though its actually really dry. We were", "4gFim8BPcmU-00186-00046678-00046873": "surprised, we were expecting it to be more", "4gFim8BPcmU-00187-00046873-00047199": "humid. It's really a pretty area but I'm not", "4gFim8BPcmU-00188-00047199-00047315": "sure where else we're gonna film because", "4gFim8BPcmU-00189-00047315-00047584": "it's all gated communities here, you can't", "4gFim8BPcmU-00190-00047584-00047789": "get in to any of the communities, its like", "4gFim8BPcmU-00191-00047789-00048025": "this whole row this whole highway out here", "4gFim8BPcmU-00192-00048025-00048224": "is just one gated community after another.", "4gFim8BPcmU-00193-00048224-00048383": "So I'm not sure what we're going to do.", "4gFim8BPcmU-00194-00048383-00048541": "We're going to look on our phones and", "4gFim8BPcmU-00195-00048541-00048753": "see what else we can film for this video.", "4gFim8BPcmU-00196-00048753-00048947": "- I'm sure we'll get ourselves into", "4gFim8BPcmU-00197-00048947-00049050": "some sort of fun or", "4gFim8BPcmU-00198-00049050-00049183": "- Mischief!", "4gFim8BPcmU-00199-00049183-00049276": "- Trouble.", "4gFim8BPcmU-00200-00049660-00049755": "Do you like it?", "4gFim8BPcmU-00201-00049755-00049949": "- These are going to be dangerous.", "4gFim8BPcmU-00202-00049949-00050154": "I think we should limit ourselves to", "4gFim8BPcmU-00203-00050154-00050305": "tres por dos.", "4gFim8BPcmU-00204-00050305-00050416": "- Well, yeah I think that would be a", "4gFim8BPcmU-00205-00050416-00050560": "lot but I don't want to go and", "4gFim8BPcmU-00206-00050560-00050719": "sleep the rest of the day away JP.", "4gFim8BPcmU-00207-00050719-00050878": "We have exploring to do.", "4gFim8BPcmU-00208-00050878-00050961": "- All right.", "4gFim8BPcmU-00209-00051133-00051258": "Well that looks good.", "4gFim8BPcmU-00210-00051258-00051369": "- It sure does!", "4gFim8BPcmU-00211-00051369-00051510": "- Amelia dug in before I could even", "4gFim8BPcmU-00212-00051510-00051593": "get my camera out.", "4gFim8BPcmU-00213-00051593-00051752": "- I did I'm hungry.", "4gFim8BPcmU-00214-00051752-00051989": "- So that was it for our filming there", "4gFim8BPcmU-00215-00051989-00052092": "because everything was closed!", "4gFim8BPcmU-00216-00052092-00052254": "- Yeah we were pretty disappointed.", "4gFim8BPcmU-00217-00052254-00052396": "We did not quit filming because we", "4gFim8BPcmU-00218-00052396-00052784": "had extra Aperol spritz's. We behaved ourselves.", "4gFim8BPcmU-00219-00052784-00053029": "- Yeah we stuck to the tres por dos.", "4gFim8BPcmU-00220-00053029-00053269": "- Yes but like JP said, unfortunately", "4gFim8BPcmU-00221-00053269-00053458": "all the open spaces and parks were", "4gFim8BPcmU-00222-00053458-00053640": "still closed. They just started reopening", "4gFim8BPcmU-00223-00053640-00053840": "those September 1st.", "4gFim8BPcmU-00224-00053840-00054007": "- Yeah so we had to go back to Guayaquil", "4gFim8BPcmU-00225-00054007-00054090": "to get my laptop but", "4gFim8BPcmU-00226-00054090-00054222": "of course it was wasn't ready.", "4gFim8BPcmU-00227-00054222-00054520": "- Nope. We're calling it the rule of three's now", "4gFim8BPcmU-00228-00054520-00054737": "because every time we have to do something new", "4gFim8BPcmU-00229-00054737-00055029": "it takes us three times, so hopefully", "4gFim8BPcmU-00230-00055029-00055304": "the next time it will be good to go", "4gFim8BPcmU-00231-00055304-00055492": "- Yeah hopefully. And hopefully the next time", "4gFim8BPcmU-00232-00055492-00055766": "some of the public tourist attractions will", "4gFim8BPcmU-00233-00055766-00055954": "be opened so that we can do a little bit more", "4gFim8BPcmU-00234-00055954-00056102": "sightseeing in Guayaquil.", "4gFim8BPcmU-00235-00056102-00056255": "- Yeah I'm really looking forward to that.", "4gFim8BPcmU-00236-00056255-00056339": "- All right guys,", "4gFim8BPcmU-00237-00056339-00056422": "that's all we have for this video.", "4gFim8BPcmU-00238-00056422-00056561": "If you enjoyed it or found it useful,", "4gFim8BPcmU-00239-00056561-00056702": "leave us a thumbs up please!", "4gFim8BPcmU-00240-00056702-00056805": "- Yes please!", "4gFim8BPcmU-00241-00056805-00056956": "- And also remember to subscribe to our", "4gFim8BPcmU-00242-00056956-00057144": "newsletter on LiveAbroadNow.com.", "4gFim8BPcmU-00243-00057144-00057355": "- We hope you have an unconventional day", "4gFim8BPcmU-00244-00057355-00057509": "and we'll see you on our next video!", "4gFim8BPcmU-00245-00057509-00057592": "- Chao!", "4gFim8BPcmU-00246-00057592-00057676": "- Chao!"}}, {"audio_id": "4gNVQT2hl_Q", "text": {"4gNVQT2hl_Q-00000-00000000-00000200": "WOODEN SHIPS"}}, {"audio_id": "4hEyAFGRbO0", "text": {"4hEyAFGRbO0-00000-00000000-00000200": "Pls like share SUBSCRIBE"}}, {"audio_id": "4hH4MVctdXE", "text": {"4hH4MVctdXE-00000-00000000-00000200": "please help me grow the channel"}}, {"audio_id": "4hYO9pE64gU", "text": {"4hYO9pE64gU-00000-00000592-00001108": "Hi, my name is Jeannette Dopheide and I'm a Bro Outreach Coordinator for the National", "4hYO9pE64gU-00001-00001109-00001634": "Center for Supercomputing Applications at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.", "4hYO9pE64gU-00002-00001634-00002090": "In this episode of The More You Bro I'm going to show you the the basics of using BroControl,", "4hYO9pE64gU-00003-00002090-00002463": "which an interactive shell used to operate Bro installations.", "4hYO9pE64gU-00004-00002463-00002757": "The most common installation of Bro is in a cluster.", "4hYO9pE64gU-00005-00002757-00003152": "To learn more about setting up a Bro cluster you can check out our video on our YouTube", "4hYO9pE64gU-00006-00003152-00003279": "channel.", "4hYO9pE64gU-00007-00003279-00003703": "This video will focus on how to manage your cluster using BroControl and assumes you've", "4hYO9pE64gU-00008-00003703-00004280": "already configured the OS, generated the ssh keys to access your worker nodes, and configured", "4hYO9pE64gU-00009-00004280-00004662": "Bro's node.cfg configuration file.", "4hYO9pE64gU-00010-00004662-00005030": "Let's start up BroControl now.", "4hYO9pE64gU-00011-00005547-00005901": "When pushing changes to production machines you should get into the habit of running the", "4hYO9pE64gU-00012-00005901-00006154": "check command before the install command.", "4hYO9pE64gU-00013-00006154-00006597": "The check command reviews the policy files found in SitePolicyPath and confirms whether", "4hYO9pE64gU-00014-00006597-00006856": "they will compile correctly.", "4hYO9pE64gU-00015-00006856-00007222": "BroControl’s install command is very useful.", "4hYO9pE64gU-00016-00007222-00007720": "It will install BroControl as well as remove old policies, copy changes to configuration", "4hYO9pE64gU-00017-00007720-00008202": "files, and copy Bro’s executables over to the worker machines in your cluster.", "4hYO9pE64gU-00018-00008202-00008615": "The install command is used for more than just the first time installation.", "4hYO9pE64gU-00019-00008615-00009126": "Any time there are changes made to configuration files or site-specific policy scripts, or", "4hYO9pE64gU-00020-00009126-00009559": "upgrading Bro or BroControl, the install command must be run.", "4hYO9pE64gU-00021-00009559-00009865": "Otherwise none of your changes will take effect.", "4hYO9pE64gU-00022-00009865-00010325": "Now that BroControl is installed we can begin monitoring traffic using the start command.", "4hYO9pE64gU-00023-00010325-00010831": "In a cluster configuration the start command will start the manager, proxies, and workers", "4hYO9pE64gU-00024-00010831-00011045": "- in that order.", "4hYO9pE64gU-00025-00011244-00011666": "To check on the status of your machines you can run the status command.", "4hYO9pE64gU-00026-00012064-00012447": "All my machines are running, but if one was showing a status of “crashed” I can run", "4hYO9pE64gU-00027-00012447-00013034": "the diag command, which gives me a summary of the machine’s final state before it crashed.", "4hYO9pE64gU-00028-00013034-00013465": "The restart command is used most often to restart workers after a change is made to", "4hYO9pE64gU-00029-00013465-00013613": "the manager.", "4hYO9pE64gU-00030-00013613-00013938": "The workers will not pick up these changes until they are restarted.", "4hYO9pE64gU-00031-00013938-00014538": "The restart command should be used after the check and install commands have been executed.", "4hYO9pE64gU-00032-00015201-00015816": "Adding the \"--clean\" option will execute the stop, cleanup, check, install, and start commands", "4hYO9pE64gU-00033-00015816-00015983": "in the right order.", "4hYO9pE64gU-00034-00017062-00017502": "To stop running your Bro cluster, simply execute the stop command.", "4hYO9pE64gU-00035-00018363-00018751": "Let's check out a few more helpful commands to use in BroControl.", "4hYO9pE64gU-00036-00018751-00019209": "The top command will show CPU and memory usage for each process.", "4hYO9pE64gU-00037-00019574-00019910": "Press the \"q\" key to exit this view.", "4hYO9pE64gU-00038-00019996-00020558": "The df command shows you amount of free disk space available on the nodes.", "4hYO9pE64gU-00039-00020598-00020999": "The \"exec\" command will run a command on each system for each process.", "4hYO9pE64gU-00040-00020999-00021334": "It's a handy shortcut instead of logging into each system.", "4hYO9pE64gU-00041-00021334-00021964": "The \"netstats\" command is useful to verify incoming traffic to workers.", "4hYO9pE64gU-00042-00022072-00022486": "Finally the config command will print BroControl's environment configuration.", "4hYO9pE64gU-00043-00022509-00022981": "This is a good learning tool to see what options are available.", "4hYO9pE64gU-00044-00023296-00023751": "Thanks for watching our presentation on the basics of BroControl.", "4hYO9pE64gU-00045-00023751-00024231": "To learn more about using Bro you can check out our website at bro.org, follow us on Twitter", "4hYO9pE64gU-00046-00024231-00024820": "@Bro_IDS, or check out more talks and presentations on our YouTube channel at youtube.com/user/BroPlatform."}}, {"audio_id": "4ikM--v1Rgg", "text": {"4ikM--v1Rgg-00000-00000024-00000758": "A placebo is a treatment with zero therapeutic value but magical healing", "4ikM--v1Rgg-00001-00000758-00001316": "power. Common placebos include sugar pills inert saline injections, other", "4ikM--v1Rgg-00002-00001316-00001851": "procedures and surgeries that are completely fake. Placebos are especially", "4ikM--v1Rgg-00003-00001851-00002442": "effective to treat pain, chronic stress related diseases, like insomnia, and forms", "4ikM--v1Rgg-00004-00002442-00002984": "of depression. What most don't realize is that while placebos are fake the placebo", "4ikM--v1Rgg-00005-00002984-00003635": "effect does it's magic even if you get real treatments from a normal doctor.", "4ikM--v1Rgg-00006-00003635-00004236": "Placebos tend to follow one simple rule: the more ritualized and extreme the fake", "4ikM--v1Rgg-00007-00004236-00004796": "treatment the more effective their effect. In short, sugar pills work well,", "4ikM--v1Rgg-00008-00004796-00005361": "sham surgery works wonders. Since standard doctor appointments are often", "4ikM--v1Rgg-00009-00005361-00005928": "highly ritualized the placebo effect is part of the cure we think we receive. To", "4ikM--v1Rgg-00010-00005928-00006453": "understand this better let's look at Mr. and Mrs. Martin who both suffer chronic", "4ikM--v1Rgg-00011-00006453-00007176": "back pain. Mr. Martin feels the pain first and he decides to go see a doctor", "4ikM--v1Rgg-00012-00007176-00007829": "who diagnoses osteoporosis and treats him with physiotherapy. After a few days", "4ikM--v1Rgg-00013-00007829-00008385": "of treatment, Mr. Martin feels better. He starts to track the progress of his pain.", "4ikM--v1Rgg-00014-00008385-00008850": "He soon learns that he always goes to the doctor on the days when the pain is", "4ikM--v1Rgg-00015-00008850-00009413": "the worst and always feels better soon after. He becomes a big advocate for", "4ikM--v1Rgg-00016-00009413-00009939": "physiotherapy and recommends it to his wife and she joins him. But do we really", "4ikM--v1Rgg-00017-00009939-00010668": "know that the therapy works? Despite months of therapy things get worse for", "4ikM--v1Rgg-00018-00010668-00011204": "both Mr. and Mrs. Martin. Together they go to the hospital where Mr. Martin's", "4ikM--v1Rgg-00019-00011204-00011721": "doctor prescribes painkillers. Mrs. Martin decides to get a second opinion.", "4ikM--v1Rgg-00020-00011721-00012267": "Her new doctor has recently learned that for some chronic pain placebos work", "4ikM--v1Rgg-00021-00012267-00012678": "equally well. Instead of giving Mrs. Martin painkillers", "4ikM--v1Rgg-00022-00012678-00013125": "the doctor prescribes simple sugar pills though he tells Mrs. Martin that they", "4ikM--v1Rgg-00023-00013125-00013523": "are pain killers. The next day they both feel much better.", "4ikM--v1Rgg-00024-00013523-00014065": "Mr. Martin notices that he has no problem sawing wood and Mrs. Martin can", "4ikM--v1Rgg-00025-00014065-00014622": "easily put on her shoes. She can confirm that the painkillers work but do they", "4ikM--v1Rgg-00026-00014622-00015301": "really? Unfortunately, it doesn't take long before the pain comes back and they", "4ikM--v1Rgg-00027-00015301-00015658": "return to the hospital. Mr. Martin is now treated with", "4ikM--v1Rgg-00028-00015658-00016107": "vertebroplasty, a popular treatment offered to people who suffer from back", "4ikM--v1Rgg-00029-00016107-00016714": "pain due to osteoporosis. To administer it the doctors inject cement directly", "4ikM--v1Rgg-00030-00016714-00017266": "into his vertebrae, the bones that form the spinal column. Mrs. Martin's doctor", "4ikM--v1Rgg-00031-00017266-00017757": "simply has her smell a container full of cement and then administers a saline", "4ikM--v1Rgg-00032-00017757-00018348": "injection, which does nothing. Her doctor learned about this placebo", "4ikM--v1Rgg-00033-00018348-00018814": "from research published in the U.S. National Library of Medicine. It showed", "4ikM--v1Rgg-00034-00018814-00019366": "that a large randomized controlled trial found no benefit of vertebroplasty over", "4ikM--v1Rgg-00035-00019366-00019884": "a sham procedure. Right after the surgery the Martin's meet in the lobby and share", "4ikM--v1Rgg-00036-00019884-00020416": "their experience of the process: both feel great! Mrs. Martin invites her", "4ikM--v1Rgg-00037-00020416-00020913": "husband for ice cream as her treatment was so much cheaper. So what's happening", "4ikM--v1Rgg-00038-00020913-00021645": "here? There are a couple of theories that try to explain the placebo effect. First", "4ikM--v1Rgg-00039-00021645-00022179": "there is regression to the mean: Mr. Martin like most of us thinks about", "4ikM--v1Rgg-00040-00022179-00022626": "treatment when his symptoms are particularly bad. He goes to see a doctor", "4ikM--v1Rgg-00041-00022626-00023125": "and soon after feels better. If we look at the natural course of many illnesses", "4ikM--v1Rgg-00042-00023125-00023773": "we understand that pain, over time, comes and goes in swings and usually regresses", "4ikM--v1Rgg-00043-00023773-00024288": "to the mean. We don't know if the doctor or placebo had anything to do with the", "4ikM--v1Rgg-00044-00024288-00024795": "improvement. Then there is classical conditioning:", "4ikM--v1Rgg-00045-00024795-00025370": "most treatments, including vertebroplasty, are delivered in a context of rituals", "4ikM--v1Rgg-00046-00025370-00025997": "that include social signals, physical cues, and verbal suggestions. Mr. Martin's", "4ikM--v1Rgg-00047-00025997-00026627": "brain interprets such cues and elicits expectations memories and emotions, it", "4ikM--v1Rgg-00048-00026627-00027116": "releases endorphins and other chemicals that make him feel good and lower his", "4ikM--v1Rgg-00049-00027116-00027632": "perception of pain. So it becomes a self-fulfilling prophecy where a belief", "4ikM--v1Rgg-00050-00027632-00028397": "that he feels better leads him to feel better. And there is confirmation bias: as", "4ikM--v1Rgg-00051-00028397-00028961": "soon as Mrs. Martin takes the sugar pill she thinks she will feel better. Then she", "4ikM--v1Rgg-00052-00028961-00029452": "focuses only on the things that confirm that she is better. She doesn't realize", "4ikM--v1Rgg-00053-00029452-00029805": "that she still has trouble doing many other things. While all three ideas", "4ikM--v1Rgg-00054-00029947-00030575": "probably work together there is another  theory: so-called mirror neurons might", "4ikM--v1Rgg-00055-00030575-00031136": "also play a role. A new and growing body of evidence points at brain cells that", "4ikM--v1Rgg-00056-00031136-00031690": "mirror behavior. The cells fire when one acts and when one observes the same", "4ikM--v1Rgg-00057-00031690-00032213": "action performed by another. As Mrs. Martin talks to the doctor parts of the", "4ikM--v1Rgg-00058-00032213-00032663": "doctors brain will mirror parts of her brain and parts of her brain will mirror", "4ikM--v1Rgg-00059-00032663-00033241": "his, as a result, the structure of her brain changes and she feels less pain.", "4ikM--v1Rgg-00060-00033241-00033869": "The neurophysiologist Giacomo Rizzolatti who discovered mirror neurons suggests", "4ikM--v1Rgg-00061-00033869-00034400": "that this process bypasses consciousness and provides a direct mapping of sensory", "4ikM--v1Rgg-00062-00034400-00034809": "information onto motor structures.", "4ikM--v1Rgg-00063-00034819-00035375": "Placebo, a Latin word that means \"I will please\", have been used for thousands of", "4ikM--v1Rgg-00064-00035375-00035877": "years. Placebo effects have been discussed for centuries. An influential", "4ikM--v1Rgg-00065-00035877-00036525": "study from 1955 by Henry Kay Beecher, Harvard, titled: the powerful placebo", "4ikM--v1Rgg-00066-00036525-00037080": "established the idea that the effect is clinically important. Today the placebo", "4ikM--v1Rgg-00067-00037080-00037538": "effect is well recognized and scientifically so significant that any", "4ikM--v1Rgg-00068-00037538-00037977": "new pain medication that seeks Food and Drug Administration approval in the", "4ikM--v1Rgg-00069-00037977-00038669": "United States needs to show that it works better than a placebo treatment. In", "4ikM--v1Rgg-00070-00038669-00039168": "so-called randomized controlled trials, the gold standard of medical research,", "4ikM--v1Rgg-00071-00039168-00039711": "one group of patients is given the new medication while a control group receives", "4ikM--v1Rgg-00072-00039711-00040059": "a placebo. Neither the doctors who hand out the", "4ikM--v1Rgg-00073-00040059-00040665": "medication nor the patients know who gets what. Once the trial is over results", "4ikM--v1Rgg-00074-00040665-00041196": "are compared. If the new medication works significantly better than the placebo it's", "4ikM--v1Rgg-00075-00041196-00041750": "allowed to be sold. The trial is surprisingly difficult from 10 new drugs", "4ikM--v1Rgg-00076-00041750-00042327": "entering the test one gets approval. If a placebo study proves that an existing", "4ikM--v1Rgg-00077-00042327-00042705": "standard medical procedure is ineffective, like in the case of", "4ikM--v1Rgg-00078-00042705-00043224": "vertebroplasty, competent doctors stop prescribing it and we can speak of", "4ikM--v1Rgg-00079-00043224-00043875": "medical reversal. To find out if an existing treatment works or if it's", "4ikM--v1Rgg-00080-00043875-00044283": "healing power is just the result of the placebo effect we can administer", "4ikM--v1Rgg-00081-00044283-00044787": "treatment without the knowledge of the patients. In one such experiment it was", "4ikM--v1Rgg-00082-00044787-00045174": "shown that if a painkiller is administered by a hidden robot pump,", "4ikM--v1Rgg-00083-00045174-00045644": "patients demanded twice the dose compared to when the drug is injected by", "4ikM--v1Rgg-00084-00045644-00046080": "a nurse. This would suggest that if a patient is completely unaware that", "4ikM--v1Rgg-00085-00046080-00046608": "treatment is being given, the treatment is just half as effective. The placebo", "4ikM--v1Rgg-00086-00046608-00047271": "effect counts for the other half. Honest placebo studies go even further.", "4ikM--v1Rgg-00087-00047271-00047727": "Because deception is ethically questionable researchers have now", "4ikM--v1Rgg-00088-00047727-00048171": "started to do clinical trials in which people are told that all they get is a", "4ikM--v1Rgg-00089-00048171-00048732": "sugar pill with placebo printed all over the packaging. And even then the placebo", "4ikM--v1Rgg-00090-00048732-00049068": "effect does it's magic and helps you feel better.", "4ikM--v1Rgg-00091-00049068-00049515": "One experiment at the Harvard Medical School showed that people suffering from", "4ikM--v1Rgg-00092-00049515-00050013": "irritable bowel syndrome who were taking the honest placebo doubled their rate of", "4ikM--v1Rgg-00093-00050013-00050631": "improvement compared to the control group. What do you think? How can we make", "4ikM--v1Rgg-00094-00050631-00051036": "sure that the medicine we are prescribing is not only effective thanks", "4ikM--v1Rgg-00095-00051036-00051546": "to the placebo effect? Will more placebo research reveal that many standard", "4ikM--v1Rgg-00096-00051546-00051945": "medical treatments offered in some of the best hospitals around the world are", "4ikM--v1Rgg-00097-00051945-00052522": "shams? And how can we research the power of placeboes ourselves, at home, without", "4ikM--v1Rgg-00098-00052522-00053160": "putting anyone in danger?", "4ikM--v1Rgg-00099-00053590-00053998": "If you like this video and the way we explain the subject subscribe to our", "4ikM--v1Rgg-00100-00053998-00054400": "channel! We try to explain complex subjects and simple language and", "4ikM--v1Rgg-00101-00054400-00054853": "cartoons to support students all around the world in their learning. If you want", "4ikM--v1Rgg-00102-00054853-00055576": "to support us you can go to www.patreon.com/sprouts and donate. Just $1 from many", "4ikM--v1Rgg-00103-00055576-00055938": "fans makes a big difference."}}, {"audio_id": "4iHvfcxrWI4", "text": {"4iHvfcxrWI4-00000-00000000-00001221": "a couple were devastated after losing their dogs but three days later there", "4iHvfcxrWI4-00001-00001221-00001844": "was a knock at the door anyone who's ever experienced the tragedy of losing a", "4iHvfcxrWI4-00002-00001844-00002250": "pet will know just how devastating it can be for one couple though the", "4iHvfcxrWI4-00003-00002250-00002691": "experience was even worse when they lost both their dogs in one fell swoop", "4iHvfcxrWI4-00004-00002691-00003254": "however just days later they got a message that was surprising beyond words", "4iHvfcxrWI4-00005-00003254-00003647": "those who had an animal leave a paw print on their heart will know that", "4iHvfcxrWI4-00006-00003647-00004061": "their companion is much more than a pet indeed losing an animal that you truly", "4iHvfcxrWI4-00007-00004061-00004527": "treasure is like losing a member of the family in these times comfort and", "4iHvfcxrWI4-00008-00004527-00004998": "support can be invaluable receiving compassion from a total stranger however", "4iHvfcxrWI4-00009-00004998-00005546": "as this couple did is something else entirely the married couple were the", "4iHvfcxrWI4-00010-00005546-00005973": "proud owners of two black Labradors who were tragically killed in an accident on", "4iHvfcxrWI4-00011-00005973-00006384": "the road things can only have seemed worse when they got a pet food delivery", "4iHvfcxrWI4-00012-00006384-00006831": "from Chewie dot-com it was an 80 pound reminder of the loss that they'd", "4iHvfcxrWI4-00013-00006831-00007461": "experienced and the mouths that they'd no longer be feeding upon receiving", "4iHvfcxrWI4-00014-00007461-00007920": "their order the couple contacted chewy comm to explain what had happened they", "4iHvfcxrWI4-00015-00007920-00008307": "asked if they could return the dog food to the company and get a refund minus", "4iHvfcxrWI4-00016-00008307-00008750": "the cost of shipping what chewy comm did next though came as", "4iHvfcxrWI4-00017-00008750-00009257": "a surprise Laurel Walton Berg the woman's sister would in fact go on to", "4iHvfcxrWI4-00018-00009257-00009729": "share the company's uncommon generous response on Facebook she wrote they", "4iHvfcxrWI4-00019-00009729-00010146": "responded with unbelievable kindness they credited their credit card for the", "4iHvfcxrWI4-00020-00010146-00010640": "full purchase and asked them to donate the dog food to a local shelter the", "4iHvfcxrWI4-00021-00010640-00011049": "thoughtful is shown by chewy calm did not stop there however following the", "4iHvfcxrWI4-00022-00011049-00011354": "company's response to her brother-in-law's email Walton Berg", "4iHvfcxrWI4-00023-00011354-00011757": "described how the bereaved family had received another message they sent a", "4iHvfcxrWI4-00024-00011757-00012161": "second email requesting a picture of one of the dogs to put in their memorial", "4iHvfcxrWI4-00025-00012161-00012702": "book to honor her she wrote following these impressive acts of", "4iHvfcxrWI4-00026-00012702-00013116": "kindness a bouquet of flowers sent by chewy calm then arrived on their", "4iHvfcxrWI4-00027-00013116-00013566": "doorstep it was a bunch of red roses sent to pass on the company's condolence", "4iHvfcxrWI4-00028-00013566-00014055": "following the passing of the couple's dogs Walton Berg's Facebook post has", "4iHvfcxrWI4-00029-00014055-00014568": "been shared over 230,000 times so far and has received close to 7,000", "4iHvfcxrWI4-00030-00014568-00015027": "reactions she's also been inundated with sympathetic comments and messages from", "4iHvfcxrWI4-00031-00015027-00015593": "Facebook users who wish to show their support and encouragement for the couple", "4iHvfcxrWI4-00032-00015593-00015951": "the company's staff also spoke about its good deeds", "4iHvfcxrWI4-00033-00015951-00016356": "Chelsea Burke an employee of Chuy dot-com wrote they do an amazing job", "4iHvfcxrWI4-00034-00016356-00016788": "taking care of our fur babies the pups love coming in to work all the extra", "4iHvfcxrWI4-00035-00016788-00017217": "attention you'll never catch them complaining the generosity and", "4iHvfcxrWI4-00036-00017217-00017625": "compassion that chewy calm showed to Walton Berg's family in their time of", "4iHvfcxrWI4-00037-00017625-00018102": "need was not an isolated incident however indeed many others have shared", "4iHvfcxrWI4-00038-00018102-00018525": "their own stories about receiving support from chewy calm after losing a", "4iHvfcxrWI4-00039-00018525-00019173": "beloved pet in December 2016 just three days before Christmas cherie Flanagan", "4iHvfcxrWI4-00040-00019173-00019650": "was devastated when she lost her dog Zooey Flanagan described her grief to", "4iHvfcxrWI4-00041-00019650-00020170": "People magazine losing Zoey was terrible we had her for ten years she explained", "4iHvfcxrWI4-00042-00020170-00020483": "soon after that though tragedy struck again", "4iHvfcxrWI4-00043-00020483-00021219": "Flanigan's 15 year old cat Thor died on January 30th 2017 when Thor died that", "4iHvfcxrWI4-00044-00021219-00021729": "was crushing she told people in events that mirrored the experiences of Walton", "4iHvfcxrWI4-00045-00021729-00022131": "Berg's relations Flanagan contacted chewy to ask if they could send back", "4iHvfcxrWI4-00046-00022131-00022436": "unwanted cat food in exchange for a refund", "4iHvfcxrWI4-00047-00022436-00022857": "instead she found herself having an emotional conversation with an employee", "4iHvfcxrWI4-00048-00022857-00023379": "at chewy comm named Ashley Flanagan told people about the kindness that she was", "4iHvfcxrWI4-00049-00023379-00023862": "shown by the woman who took her call Ashley was amazing Flanagan said she", "4iHvfcxrWI4-00050-00023862-00024243": "told me she had a cat put down and really understood I kept saying that I", "4iHvfcxrWI4-00051-00024243-00024780": "didn't mean to bother her and she kept saying no this is important tell me more", "4iHvfcxrWI4-00052-00024780-00025170": "shortly after their telephone conversation flanagan and her family", "4iHvfcxrWI4-00053-00025170-00025567": "received their money back from chewy calm then days later a bouquet of", "4iHvfcxrWI4-00054-00025567-00026020": "flowers arrived at their home the car delivered with the flowers red with", "4iHvfcxrWI4-00055-00026020-00026419": "deepest sympathy on your loss of your little ones will always be here through", "4iHvfcxrWI4-00056-00026419-00026788": "the sad times and to remember the good memories your fur babies left on your", "4iHvfcxrWI4-00057-00026788-00027441": "heart love Ashley and the chewy family Sherry's husband sergeant Corey Flanagan", "4iHvfcxrWI4-00058-00027441-00027888": "also shared his feelings about the company's response your team is either", "4iHvfcxrWI4-00059-00027888-00028191": "got it in their blood line to be exceptionally kind in understanding", "4iHvfcxrWI4-00060-00028191-00028558": "their leadership role has done exceptionally well in guiding them or a", "4iHvfcxrWI4-00061-00028558-00029058": "combo of both he told people my wife has been taking their loss especially hard", "4iHvfcxrWI4-00062-00029058-00029506": "and when we received the flowers we decided it was enough for both of us to", "4iHvfcxrWI4-00063-00029506-00030199": "decide to stop shopping around and give Chuy all our future business but there", "4iHvfcxrWI4-00064-00030199-00030670": "are many more similar tales indeed stories of compassion expressed by chewy", "4iHvfcxrWI4-00065-00030670-00031126": "calm employees to support their bereaved and pet owners have been shared by", "4iHvfcxrWI4-00066-00031126-00031578": "families across the United States another couple to experience chewy calms", "4iHvfcxrWI4-00067-00031578-00032083": "kindness were Bruce and Sue stack from Edwardsburg Michigan they were", "4iHvfcxrWI4-00068-00032083-00032553": "devastated when they suddenly lost Jake their six year old Great Dane jake", "4iHvfcxrWI4-00069-00032553-00033041": "sudden death left a recent food delivery untouched a memento to the family's loss", "4iHvfcxrWI4-00070-00033041-00033619": "sue stack has contacted chewy comm to cancel the family's regular order she", "4iHvfcxrWI4-00071-00033619-00034063": "told people I called Sunday afternoon and by Sunday evening I had a note of", "4iHvfcxrWI4-00072-00034063-00034480": "condolence a credit for the food and a request to donate the food to an area", "4iHvfcxrWI4-00073-00034480-00034924": "shelter I came home from work Tuesday evening and there were flowers I thought", "4iHvfcxrWI4-00074-00034924-00035172": "some of our friends sent them and I realized they were from chewy and", "4iHvfcxrWI4-00075-00035172-00035583": "thought that's crazy what an amazing company", "4iHvfcxrWI4-00076-00035583-00035955": "so what makes chewy calm so compassionate", "4iHvfcxrWI4-00077-00035955-00036430": "Kelly Durkin the company's vice president of customer service explain to", "4iHvfcxrWI4-00078-00036430-00037005": "people that chewy calm aims to go above and beyond for pet owners after hearing", "4iHvfcxrWI4-00079-00037005-00037356": "about a woman who lost her dog we thought of sending a sympathy card but", "4iHvfcxrWI4-00080-00037356-00037824": "we knew we had to do more and that's how it really started for everyone we don't", "4iHvfcxrWI4-00081-00037824-00038262": "feel like we're talking to customers we're talking to pets parents we want to", "4iHvfcxrWI4-00082-00038262-00038613": "hear the good in the bad we're feeding their children we're part of their", "4iHvfcxrWI4-00083-00038613-00039141": "families and the company clearly succeeds in making a connection Laura", "4iHvfcxrWI4-00084-00039141-00039568": "Walton Berg was so moved by what Chewie Khan did that she felt it was her duty", "4iHvfcxrWI4-00085-00039568-00040015": "to share her sister and brother-in-law story with the world indeed she", "4iHvfcxrWI4-00086-00040015-00040437": "concluded her Facebook post by saying I wish I could tell everybody this story", "4iHvfcxrWI4-00087-00040437-00042411": "this is the kind of story that needs to go viral this is an incredible company"}}, {"audio_id": "4iKkcMNWCYy", "text": {"4iKkcMNWCYy-00000-00000000-00000226": "I want to welcome everybody to the", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00001-00000000-00000566": "Intellectual Property at the Supreme Court Series that we here at American University", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00002-00000000-00000446": "Washington College of Law have been doing since the spring of 2011.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00003-00000000-00000433": "Any time the Supreme Court takes an intellectual property case or", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00004-00000000-00000700": "technology case, we invite counsel of record who are involved in the case or", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00005-00000700-00001100": "who represent various parties to come and tell us a little bit about the", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00006-00001100-00001500": "merits of the case and then to talk about the oral argument that took", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00007-00001500-00002000": "place in the morning.  So the court heard oral argument this", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00008-00002000-00002600": "morning in Google versus Oracle to talk about some major copyright issues.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00009-00002600-00002800": "And this is quite a significant case.  And I just want to -- a couple of", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00010-00002800-00003600": "preliminary things, I am your moderator.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00011-00003600-00004400": "I also signed onto Professor Pam Samuelson's brief, but I am going to", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00012-00004400-00005600": "be neutral in my role as moderator.  I also want to recognize the passing", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00013-00005600-00006400": "of Just Justice Beginsberg.  Her departure from the court is a real", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00014-00006400-00007400": "loss to the country and the court, and also a loss to the copyright community", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00015-00007400-00007800": "because of Begi -- Ginsberg's interest in copyright and also to her daughter", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00016-00007800-00008200": "who is an expert in copyright and part of the copyright community.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00017-00008200-00009000": "But I just want us to be mindful of that change.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00018-00009000-00009500": "In addition, we have a terrific panel of, you know, very well accomplished", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00019-00009500-00010000": "and illustrious speakers, and in the interest of time we're not going to go", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00020-00010000-00010400": "through all of their biographies.  But the link to a document that tells", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00021-00010400-00011000": "you about exactly how illustrious and wonderful they all are will be put in", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00022-00011000-00011700": "the chat for those who would like to follow up on that.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00023-00011700-00012000": "Our plan here is we're going to sort of do a quick exposition on the merits of", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00024-00012000-00012400": "the case, what the arguments were that were presented to the court.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00025-00012400-00013000": "And then we're going to ask the panelists to reflect on the oral", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00026-00013000-00013300": "argument this morning that was quite extended.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00027-00013300-00013900": "Not as hot a bench as there would have been in person, but there was an", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00028-00013900-00014500": "opportunity for a lot of back and forth and quite an extensive back and", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00029-00014500-00014800": "forth.  I also just want to -- a proud", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00030-00014800-00015300": "American University recognition of all of our alumni involved in this case.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00031-00015300-00015800": "Tom Goldstein who argued the case for Google is one of our alums.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00032-00015800-00016400": "Andew Kim who is joining us who represents synopsis in support of", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00033-00016400-00016700": "Oracle is joining us, and Steven Ragland is an attorney who is on the", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00034-00016700-00017400": "team that was the trial team in this case and was actually nominated as a", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00035-00017400-00017600": "team to be the California lawyer of the year by the California Bar", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00036-00017600-00017900": "Association.  So kudos to all of you.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00037-00017900-00018500": "Here we go.  We are going to be talking about three", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00038-00018500-00018700": "main issues.  Whether the declaring code in java is", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00039-00018700-00019300": "copyrightable.  If it is copyrightable, whether", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00040-00019300-00019600": "Google's use or reimplementation of that code is a fair use.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00041-00019600-00019800": "And who decides whether it's a fair use.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00042-00019800-00020400": "What is the role of the judge and the jury?", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00043-00020400-00020900": "What is the role of an apellate court reviewing a jury verdict, a general", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00044-00020900-00021300": "jury verdict, finding fair use?  So I'm going to first turn to Josh", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00045-00021300-00021900": "Bloch, who is a computer scientist and is one of 83 computer scientists who", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00046-00021900-00022300": "signed a brief to the courtarguing that this is not copyrightable.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00047-00022300-00022800": "But, Josh, just as an expert, and you're an expert witness for Google in", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00048-00022800-00023300": "the trial.  Can you just tell us just so we have", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00049-00023300-00023500": "the terminology straight, there's implementing code and declaring code,", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00050-00023500-00024000": "and there was a lot of back and forth about these things.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00051-00024000-00024800": "Can you just enlighten us briefly about what those terms mean and how the", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00052-00024800-00025100": "court should look at it in terms of just what their function is?", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00053-00025100-00025200": "You're on mute.  >> My bad.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00054-00025200-00025700": "Start with a bang.  Yeah.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00055-00025700-00025900": "I'll do that.  And I should also say that I have been", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00056-00025900-00026400": "deeply involved in this case from the beginning.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00057-00026400-00026800": "I kind of work for both companies.  I worked for Sony before Oracle", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00058-00026800-00027300": "America acquired them, and I work for Google.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00059-00027300-00027700": "And now I'm a professor at Carnegie Melon, and truly independent.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00060-00027700-00028300": "All right.  So java is a desktop computing", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00061-00028300-00028500": "platform that was released by Sun in early 1996, and it quickly became", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00062-00028500-00029000": "ubiquitous.  And just to tell you where I fit into", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00063-00029000-00029500": "all of this, I joined Sun in mid '96 to develop that new platform, and I was", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00064-00029500-00029700": "responsible for many of the A. P.I.'s at issue.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00065-00029700-00030300": "That is application programming interfaces.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00066-00030300-00030600": "And these lines of declaring code, which we call declarations, are direct", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00067-00030600-00031000": "reflections of A. P.I.'s.  I'll get into that again in a moment.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00068-00031000-00031400": "The A. P.I.'s allow one piece of software to call another.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00069-00031400-00031700": "Essentially they dictate the exact procedure for instructing a piece of", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00070-00031700-00032100": "software to perform an action.  So for each action, the A. P.I.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00071-00032100-00032500": "defines the name of the action, the inputs that you have to provide, and", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00072-00032500-00032900": "the output that you'll get back.  Simply put, the A. P.I. defines what a", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00073-00032900-00033400": "piece of software must do but not how it is to be done.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00074-00033400-00034200": "It's kind of the handshake that enables one piece of software to use another.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00075-00034200-00034400": "I heard the words \"connective tissue\" and \"glue\" in this morning's arguments", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00076-00034400-00034700": "refer to that.  So basically the A. P.I. doesn't do", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00077-00034700-00035000": "any actual work.  That's key to understand.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00078-00035000-00035700": "It's what's called the implementing code that does the work.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00079-00035700-00036100": "The A. P.I. simply allows the client to call these little pieces of software,", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00080-00036100-00036500": "which I call action, and get them to do some work.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00081-00036500-00037200": "I stayed at Sun for eight years and then moved on to Google in 2004.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00082-00037200-00037500": "And in 2008, Google released Android, which is this, you know, mobile", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00083-00037500-00038000": "platform.  And Android supports java, meaning it", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00084-00038000-00038300": "allows programs to be written in java.  As part of supporting java, Google had", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00085-00038300-00038700": "to reimplement all of java's A. P.I.'s.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00086-00038700-00039200": "It had to basically respond to the same commands that java responds to so that", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00087-00039200-00039700": "java programs could use existing skills, they could take their existing", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00088-00039700-00040200": "programs that ran on Oracle's java and now run them on Google's Android.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00089-00040200-00040600": "And it allows them to use all of the tools they used to use to develop java", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00090-00040600-00041100": "programs on Oracle's java and also use the same tools to develop these", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00091-00041100-00041600": "Android programs.  So in essence, Android becomes a part", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00092-00041600-00042200": "of the broader java echo system.  And to reimplement the java A.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00093-00042200-00042300": "P.I.'s, they had to include a special line of code for each of these actions", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00094-00042300-00042600": "which we call methods that describes the A.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00095-00042600-00042800": "P.I.  Kind of describes what it takes in,", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00096-00042800-00043400": "says what it gives out, and gives it a name.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00097-00043400-00043800": "It's these special lines of code, called declarations, which is what", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00098-00043800-00044300": "Oracle has accused Google of using improperly.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00099-00044300-00044700": "At the time that it was rel released, some weren't entirely happy about the", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00100-00044700-00045300": "situation but they understood that we software engineers had always been", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00101-00045300-00045700": "free to reimplement each other's A.    P.I.'s, and they understood it was", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00102-00045700-00046000": "good for java to be supported by Android.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00103-00046000-00046500": "But Oracle acquired Google in January of 2010.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00104-00046500-00046800": "And hardly half a year later, they sue Google in federal court.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00105-00046800-00047300": "And as, you know, we all know, there were many things at issue in that", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00106-00047300-00047900": "suit, including patents.  But over the first trial, the", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00107-00047900-00048200": "remaining issue was whittled down to just these lines of declaring code,", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00108-00048200-00048700": "which Oracle claims that Google copied.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00109-00048700-00049100": "As a software engineer, I will tell you categorically Google did not copy them", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00110-00049100-00049500": "because no self-respecting engineer would do that.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00111-00049500-00050000": "Oracle releases a tool that all engineers can use to basically", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00112-00050000-00050200": "regenerate these declarations when they are reimplementing A.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00113-00050200-00050600": "P.I.'s.  It is such a common function that they", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00114-00050600-00050900": "released this tool, and all engineers have it and would have used the tool.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00115-00050900-00051400": "It's called java Pete.  Does that answer your question?", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00116-00051400-00052100": ">> I think it does.  And in terms of -- it's relevant when", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00117-00052100-00052400": "we get to the fair use analysis about how much was taken and why.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00118-00052400-00052900": "So the --a basically the structure is that there is a package.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00119-00052900-00053300": "So there are 37 packages.  That's the generic -- the large set.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00120-00053300-00053400": "And then there's a class within that set, and then there's a method,", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00121-00053400-00053800": "right?  Or did I get that --", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00122-00053800-00054100": ">> You got that exactly right.  >> So package, class, method.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00123-00054100-00054600": ">> Yes.  >> And so there are 37 companies, you", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00124-00054600-00054800": "know, but a total of about, what was it, 11,000 plus lines of declaring", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00125-00054800-00055400": "code.  I hear you to be saying that's not", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00126-00055400-00055700": "really code because it doesn't cause anything -- it's not executable code.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00127-00055700-00055800": "It doesn't do anything.  But it is thought of as code in the", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00128-00055800-00056000": "court.  >> It is code.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00129-00056000-00056600": "It's code, but there's an interesting thing.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00130-00056600-00057100": "It is not the same thing as an A. P.I.  That's an abstract specification.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00131-00057100-00057600": "But in order to implement the same A. P.I., in order to respond to the same", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00132-00057600-00057800": "calls, you have to have these lines of code that have to be almost identical", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00133-00057800-00058100": "to the original lines of code.  They are not identical.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00134-00058100-00058500": "If you compare them, they differ in small ways.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00135-00058500-00059300": "But, you know, they have to be very close or they won't work, and that's", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00136-00059300-00059600": "what Tom was talking about this morning when he said merger, merger, merger.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00137-00059600-00060300": ">> We'll get to that in a minute.  Thanks.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00138-00060300-00060900": "We have three panelists named Andrew.  Andrew silverman, Oracle did sue", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00139-00060900-00061300": "Google for this use of the deck decorations.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00140-00061300-00061800": "And as the plaintiff, you have the burden to prove that you own the", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00141-00061800-00062100": "copyright and a copyrighted original work of authorship, and that your", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00142-00062100-00062700": "rights were infringed.  And on that first question of", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00143-00062700-00063400": "ownership of original work of authorship, I guess I just wanted to", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00144-00063400-00064500": "ask -- sorry.  Where's -- if we can just look at the", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00145-00064500-00064900": "law for a minute.  However, it does not apply to any idea", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00146-00064900-00065500": "or method of operation, as well as procedures, process systems, et", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00147-00065500-00066000": "cetera.  So this is 102a and 102b.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00148-00066000-00066500": "And can we hear your argument about why the declaring codes are original works", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00149-00066500-00066900": "of authorship and why they are not excluded under 102b?", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00150-00066900-00067300": ">> Sure.  So I actually think it's really pretty", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00151-00067300-00068000": "straightforward, at least I hope this will be -- at least this part should", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00152-00068000-00068400": "be pretty straightforward.  As you said, code -- any sort of code,", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00153-00068400-00068900": "work of authorship, is protectable if it's original.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00154-00068900-00069600": "If it's creative.  And here we have a work of authorship", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00155-00069600-00070100": "in the form of computer code that is conceivably original.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00156-00070100-00070400": "Google has not disputed that it conceives that the code that was", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00157-00070400-00070700": "copied here, that the declaring code was original.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00158-00070700-00070900": "And for purposes of the copyrightability analysis, that's", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00159-00070900-00071400": "really sort of the end of it.  You have code.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00160-00071400-00071600": "Nobody disputes the computer code is protectable.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00161-00071600-00072100": "It's been protected since at least 1980.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00162-00072100-00072300": "And the code is conceivably original.  So just the combination of those two", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00163-00072300-00073000": "things is really enough for the code to be protected.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00164-00073000-00073200": "Google has raised two arguments against protecting the code, those points", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00165-00073200-00073600": "notwithstanding.  The first is to say as you did that", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00166-00073600-00074300": "the code is a method of operation under 102b.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00167-00074300-00074800": "Method of operation, all of 102b, is the codification of the idea", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00168-00074800-00075200": "expression dichotomy, which says that ideas are not copyrightable, but the", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00169-00075200-00076200": "expression of an idea is copyrightable.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00170-00076200-00076600": "Heror Kell is protectede, Oracle has protected only the expression of an", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00171-00076600-00077000": "idea, only its expression of a particular platform of thousands and", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00172-00077000-00077500": "thousands of programs that perform thousands of functions.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00173-00077500-00078000": "Everyone else in the world is absolutely free to right their  write", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00174-00078000-00078400": "their own program that those same functions.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00175-00078400-00078700": "If you want to write a program that creates the larger of two numbers, you", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00176-00078700-00079000": "can do that.  You just can't use the expression that", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00177-00079000-00079300": "Oracle used in its program.  If you want to write a program to", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00178-00079300-00079800": "verify an electronic signature, you can do that.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00179-00079800-00080100": "You just can't use the expression that Oracle did when it was writing its own", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00180-00080100-00080400": "program.  So the idea is whatever that function", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00181-00080400-00080600": "is.  It's the opening of an Internet", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00182-00080600-00080900": "connection.  It's the finding the larger of two", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00183-00080900-00081100": "numbers.  Verifying a signature.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00184-00081100-00081500": "And Oracle doesn't seek to protect that.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00185-00081500-00082000": "Anybody can write programs andt do those things.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00186-00082000-00082600": "What they can't do is copy Oracle's particular method.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00187-00082600-00083100": "What Google's argument is, is that since when you go to invoke that", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00188-00083100-00083400": "prewritten program, you have to type a particular line of code in order to do", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00189-00083400-00084100": "it.  Google says that is a method of", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00190-00084100-00084300": "operation, or that that -- those two things merged together with the", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00191-00084300-00084600": "declaration and the call.  And we think that's wrong.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00192-00084600-00085000": "We think it's wrong because anybody can go out and write their own program", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00193-00085000-00085500": "with their own declaration that describes their program, and they can", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00194-00085500-00085800": "write calls and they can have calls that call on those previn programs", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00195-00085800-00086200": "that perform all of the same functions as Oracle.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00196-00086200-00086700": "So that's really sort of the nub of the issue, that anybody can go and write", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00197-00086700-00087200": "programs that do all of the same things that Oracle's programs do.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00198-00087200-00087300": "They just can't copy Oracle's code in order to do it.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00199-00087300-00087500": ".", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00200-00087500-00088000": "OK.  Great, thanks.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00201-00088000-00088600": "And Sy, you are -- you are our special guest in a way.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00202-00088600-00088900": "You are not representing the United States of America in any formal", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00203-00088900-00089700": "capacity, but we have asked you to play that role because the U.S. government", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00204-00089700-00090200": "never comments on pending litigation.  But the government did file an amcus", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00205-00090200-00090600": "brief on Oracle's behalf and was able to argue today.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00206-00090600-00090800": "Was there anything else in the government's brief on the", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00207-00090800-00091100": "copyrightability issue other than what Andrew just gave us?", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00208-00091100-00091500": ">> Yeah.  So a couple of additional points.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00209-00091500-00092100": "And just to be clear, I was in the government when the government filed", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00210-00092100-00092600": "its brief the first time this case went up to the Supreme Court.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00211-00092600-00093200": "Just on the copyrightability question.  I was involved in the government's", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00212-00093200-00093400": "formulation of its views in that brief but I left before the more recent --", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00213-00093400-00093700": "before the court was granted the most recent time.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00214-00093700-00094100": "So a couple of things.  You know, the government makes the", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00215-00094100-00094700": "point in its brief which is that, look, you can look at --", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00216-00094700-00095300": "you can see why someone reading the text of the statute would come to the", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00217-00095300-00095800": "conclusion that methods that -- that copyright -- that software is not", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00218-00095800-00095900": "copyrightable because it is in some sense, a loose sense, a method of", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00219-00095900-00096200": "operation.  You can look at the text and you can", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00220-00096200-00096600": "say that.  The problem with that reading of the", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00221-00096600-00097000": "statute is that it creates too much.  And I think that you saw this line of", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00222-00097000-00097500": "questions in court today, that if you accept that proposition, then it's", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00223-00097500-00097900": "really hard to draw a line between what we are calling declaring code and what", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00224-00097900-00098200": "we are calling implementing code.  And in some sense it's all a method of", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00225-00098200-00098700": "operating the computer.  And we know that can't be the rule", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00226-00098700-00099300": "because that is what --   because Congress has made the decision", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00227-00099300-00099700": "to protect computer programs.  And so it must mean something else.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00228-00099700-00100200": "It must mean something other than the functionality of the code is the", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00229-00100200-00100700": "reason why it's not copyrightable.  And what the government says is, the", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00230-00100700-00101500": "way you should think about this is in a sense, it's sort of at a different", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00231-00101500-00101900": "level of abstract, that what we -- what 102a says is copyright protection", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00232-00101900-00102300": "extends to works of authorship.  There's no dispute here that the code", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00233-00102300-00102900": "at issue, the declaring code, is a work of authorship.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00234-00102900-00103100": "And what 102b does, it says --   it does not say what works of", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00235-00103100-00103600": "authorship are not subject to copyright protection.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00236-00103600-00104100": "It says how far does the -- and the text of the statute says that, how far", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00237-00104100-00104500": "does the copyright protection extend.  And it says it does not extend to", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00238-00104500-00105000": "things like ideas and methods of operation and systems.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00239-00105000-00105400": "And the way -- and the government's view, the way to read that provision,", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00240-00105400-00106100": "in light of the fact that Congress has made the decision to protect computer", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00241-00106100-00106900": "programs in this context, is to say that what 102b does is it excludes", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00242-00106900-00107300": "from copyright protection the sort of abstract purposes, ideas, goals of the", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00243-00107300-00107700": "program, the sort of function of the program at a higher level of", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00244-00107700-00108100": "generality, and says that's what's excluded from copyright protection.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00245-00108100-00108500": "So on the 102b argument, they say it does not say that code is not", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00246-00108500-00108800": "copyrightable.  That's not the right way to read it.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00247-00108800-00109000": "What it says, it says the idea of having a function that compares to", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00248-00109000-00109300": "numbers.  Copyright protection doesn't extend to", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00249-00109300-00109700": "that.  It doesn't extend to the idea of", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00250-00109700-00110400": "having software that can check a digital signature.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00251-00110400-00110700": "And at some level maybe the algorithm at which you do that, it might not", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00252-00110700-00111000": "protect that either.  What 102b does not do, is say that", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00253-00111000-00111300": "this particular expression is not copyrightable.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00254-00111300-00111800": "That's not how you read 102b.  So that's point one.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00255-00111800-00112300": "And the merger doctrine, the government takes the view that the merger", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00256-00112300-00112600": "doctrine has to be viewed -- it's a what time frame do you view the", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00257-00112600-00113000": "merger, right?  Do you view the merger as occurring at", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00258-00113000-00113400": "the time that the work was first created, or do you view it at the time", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00259-00113400-00113700": "that somebody wants to use it?  And what the government says is the", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00260-00113700-00114200": "right way to think about merger doctrine, because copyrightability is", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00261-00114200-00114500": "generally viewed at the time of creation, you ask at the time of", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00262-00114500-00114800": "creation, was there only one way or a limited number of ways of expressing", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00263-00114800-00115400": "this particular idea?  And that viewing it from the other", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00264-00115400-00115800": "side, from the perspective of at the time of the user, is contrary to the", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00265-00115800-00116700": "general view that the general principle that copyrightability is judged at the", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00266-00116700-00117100": "time of creation.   And so in their first report to the", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00267-00117100-00117400": "Supreme Court is, to the extent there are questions about what a later user", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00268-00117400-00118000": "wants to do, that's not really a merger question.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00269-00118000-00118600": "That should be addressed under the Rubik of fair use.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00270-00118600-00118800": "And that's what fair use is for, is to assess at a later point as to whether", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00271-00118800-00119100": "that later use is justifiable in some way.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00272-00119100-00119500": "So those are the only additional things I would say about the copyrightability", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00273-00119500-00120000": "from the government's point of view.  >> Great.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00274-00120000-00120400": "And Andrew Kim, you represent si NOPS sis.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00275-00120400-00120900": "If you -- synopsis.  If you could tell us why si NOPS sis", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00276-00120900-00121300": "has an interest in this case and then what position you took on the", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00277-00121300-00121400": "copyrightability that is in any way, in addition to what Oracle and the U.S.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00278-00121400-00121800": "position is.  >> Sure.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00279-00121800-00122400": "So Synopsis is one of the largest software companies in the world.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00280-00122400-00122600": "It offers software products for electronic design automation.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00281-00122600-00123300": "Basically designing and testing computer chips.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00282-00123300-00123700": "And Synopsis has different software that performs various functions and", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00283-00123700-00124500": "that uses a common command set across the different software platforms.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00284-00124500-00125000": "I will say that while I did represent Synopsis in the Supreme Court, usually", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00285-00125000-00125500": "caveat is that I don't speak for Synopsis or the firm and these views", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00286-00125500-00125900": "are high personal views.  I think that what Andrew S. And Sy had", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00287-00125900-00126400": "talked about overlaps with a what the of what we had said.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00288-00126400-00127000": "I just want to raise two points that were in our brief that I would like to", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00289-00127000-00127400": "focus on.  The first is that the second circuit", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00290-00127400-00127900": "decision inUlti, there was some discussion about that this morning,", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00291-00127900-00128300": "about which elements of a computer program might be protectable as", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00292-00128300-00128800": "expression, and it announces the abstraction filtration test that a lot", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00293-00128800-00129300": "of folks are now familiar with.  And what's, you know, the problematic", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00294-00129300-00129700": "about Ulti, I think, is that it's premised on the notion that there's", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00295-00129700-00130200": "only one way to code something, which I don't think is necessarily right.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00296-00130200-00130500": "So we take the view in our brief that there is creativty and there is", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00297-00130500-00131100": "expressiveness in, you know, things like declaring code.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00298-00131100-00131400": "So Ulti says there might be multiple ways of affecting or bringing about a", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00299-00131400-00131800": "certain function in a program, but you really only have one efficient", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00300-00131800-00131900": "choice.  So the problematic aspect of that is,", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00301-00131900-00133100": "you know, what is efficient, first of all.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00302-00133100-00133500": "And second, what's -- what -- I guess my point is, what is efficient, and", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00303-00133500-00133900": "who -- you know, why do you get to let efficiency decide what institutes", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00304-00133900-00134400": "merger for the purposes of the merger doctrine?", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00305-00134400-00134600": "So that was one aspect of something that we, you know, identified in the", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00306-00134600-00135200": "brief.  The other thing we wanted to focus on,", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00307-00135200-00135800": "you heard it again briefly during the oral argument, and it's not really", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00308-00135800-00136100": "legislaive history but we'll call it that for our purposes, the Contour", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00309-00136100-00136400": "Report, for the new technological uses of copyrighted work.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00310-00136400-00137100": "And it's a report that Congress had commissioned to try to figure out,", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00311-00137100-00137400": "well, do we need additional protections for computer programs within the", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00312-00137400-00137800": "rubric of copyright law.  I'm oversimplifying here, but for the", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00313-00137800-00138400": "sake of time.  In the Contour Report, there is a case", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00314-00138400-00139200": "that was discussed today, Baker versus Seldon, and the merger doctrine.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00315-00139200-00139500": "And the contour report takes an interesting view.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00316-00139500-00139900": "It says -- it takes the view that only the express itch parts of a", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00317-00139900-00140500": "copyrighted program should be protected, if there's only one way to", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00318-00140500-00140800": "express the idea, as many of the parties argued, then that's not", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00319-00140800-00141200": "protectable.  But it did recognize that, one, there", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00320-00141200-00141600": "are protectable elements to a computer program.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00321-00141600-00141900": "But also it said, you know, the part that is protected is the expression", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00322-00141900-00142400": "adopted by the programmer, you know, within the computer program.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00323-00142400-00142700": "So does that mean that that --   you know, is a declaration or a", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00324-00142700-00143500": "declaring code an expression adopted by the programmer?", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00325-00143500-00143900": "And the one I thinkhing I'll note about the Contour Report in this discussion", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00326-00143900-00144200": "about Baker, it says you can copyright the game rules for a particular game.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00327-00144200-00145200": "But the playing of the game itself you can't copyright.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00328-00145200-00145700": "So why is declaring code more like the playing of the game, as the petitioner", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00329-00145700-00146000": "and folks with the supporting petition might view it, versus trying to take a", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00330-00146000-00146400": "piece of the game rules and doing something else with it?", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00331-00146400-00146600": "So those are the two points I wanted to focus on with respect to our", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00332-00146600-00146800": "brief.  I'm happy to discuss others during", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00333-00146800-00147000": "this open forum.  >> Great.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00334-00147000-00147500": "Excellent.  All right.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00335-00147500-00147900": "So that's the case for copyrightability and for nonexclusion through 102b.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00336-00147900-00148300": "Michael, Google takes the position as was stated, two different arguments,", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00337-00148300-00148600": "method of operation and merger, that would exclude the declaring code.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00338-00148600-00149000": "Tell us more.  >> Sure.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00339-00149000-00149300": "So first of all, I know that all of this is very complicated, especially", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00340-00149300-00149800": "for people who haven't been working on this case for 10 years.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00341-00149800-00150100": "So I apologize up front for that.  That's just kinds of the way this", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00342-00150100-00150600": "issue, you know, pans out.  But the way I like to think about this", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00343-00150600-00151100": "case, is that it's about the conversations that computer programs", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00344-00151100-00151400": "have with other computer programs.  So we don't normally think of computer", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00345-00151400-00151700": "programs as talking to each other.  But they do exchange information.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00346-00151700-00152200": "So that's what I'm calling these conversations.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00347-00152200-00152500": "And as Josh was explaining at the beginning, that's really what these A.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00348-00152500-00153000": "P.I.'s and these declarations are about.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00349-00153000-00153400": "And the declarations, or software interfaces as we sometime call them,", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00350-00153400-00154300": "they define the templates that are used for these conversations.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00351-00154300-00154600": "So for example, a programmer might say java dot lane dot Max four comma 10.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00352-00154600-00155100": "It's a funny thing to say if you're a human being.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00353-00155100-00155400": "It's a fairly normal thing to say if you're a java programmer.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00354-00155400-00155900": "And that program that says that is asking that platform that it's working", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00355-00155900-00156100": "with, which might be java S.E. or Android, it's asking for which is the", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00356-00156100-00156800": "of larger of these two numbers, four and 10.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00357-00156800-00157700": "And the declaration that is used to -- as the template for that, both defines", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00358-00157700-00158200": "the question that is asked, java dot lap, java dot lane dot Max dot map, 4,", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00359-00158200-00158700": "comma, 10, and it also assumes the format of the number.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00360-00158700-00159100": "It's going to be a number.  And because 10 is larger than four,", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00361-00159100-00159500": "the answer is going to be 10.  Then there's the whole issue of", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00362-00159500-00159700": "implementations versus the declarations, sometimes called the", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00363-00159700-00160100": "implementing code versus the declaring code.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00364-00160100-00160500": "So the implementations are the actual instructions that say, OK.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00365-00160500-00160900": "If I'm given two numbers, how am I going to figure out which one of those", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00366-00160900-00161300": "is bigger than the other?  It's a fairly simple task.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00367-00161300-00161400": "But even that simple task can be written in java in a number of", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00368-00161400-00162000": "different ways.  And I'm not just making that up.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00369-00162000-00162600": "It actually turns out that the implementation for the Max function in", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00370-00162600-00162900": "Android was different than the implementation for the max function in", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00371-00162900-00163500": "java S.E.  It's one of the simpler methods at", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00372-00163500-00164100": "issue in the case.  Yet even there, the imp  elementation", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00373-00164100-00164300": "-- implementations were different.  The declaration, again, it's a little", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00374-00164300-00164700": "different.  The declaration is less about telling", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00375-00164700-00165100": "the computer what to do and more about the two computer programs talking to", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00376-00165100-00165400": "each other.  The interface between them.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00377-00165400-00166100": "That's why they are actually called interfaces.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00378-00166100-00166800": "So the thing about the java programming language, is that if you want to have", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00379-00166800-00167300": "a declaration, it's very, very picky about how you write that declaration.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00380-00167300-00168400": "In English, if you wanted to say that somebody could ask you a question,", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00381-00168400-00168700": "java, dot, math, dot, lane, dot max, you could write that different ways.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00382-00168700-00168900": "You could say I'm going to start with the word java and then I'm going to", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00383-00168900-00169200": "have the word Lang and continue that way.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00384-00169200-00169600": "There's a bunch of ways you could describe that process.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00385-00169600-00169900": "In java, there is exactly one way that you can describe that.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00386-00169900-00170200": "And if you change anything, you change the very question that has to be", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00387-00170200-00170700": "asked.  If you don't say that it's java dot", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00388-00170700-00171200": "Lang, if you say that it's packages dot math dot Max, then the computer", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00389-00171200-00171600": "programmer, when they ask that question, they no longer say java dot", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00390-00171600-00172100": "Lang dot math dot Max.  They now have to say packages dot math", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00391-00172100-00172400": "dot maps.  So any change in that interface", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00392-00172400-00173000": "changes the very nature of what people are doing.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00393-00173000-00173600": "And just as an example --   >> Actually, just in the interest of", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00394-00173600-00174000": "time, so accepting that, from the legal perspective, so what?", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00395-00174000-00174300": "What is it about that?  This is the only way to say this in", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00396-00174300-00174800": "java, that has legal effect?  >> Because there are two things that", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00397-00174800-00175300": "are important about that.  Oneis that the declaration, unlike the", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00398-00175300-00175500": "implementation, the declaration is the method of operating the computer", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00399-00175500-00175800": "program.  Not the computer, but actually the", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00400-00175800-00176300": "computer program.  The implementation is not the method", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00401-00176300-00176600": "of operating the computer program.  The third party programmer, when they", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00402-00176600-00176900": "want to make a call, they use this declaration.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00403-00176900-00177400": "So that's the first point.  That makes it a method of operation,", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00404-00177400-00177800": "and that makes it directly excluded by the plain text of 102b.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00405-00177800-00178300": "Alternatively, you could say that the method of operation covers the", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00406-00178300-00178700": "abstract idea of what the programmer would say and not the literal line.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00407-00178700-00179100": "But if you want to say that, then you run into the merger doctrine.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00408-00179100-00179400": "And the merger doctrine says that because there is only one way to", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00409-00179400-00179800": "specify that function, and I am not talking about the function of how to", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00410-00179800-00180300": "choose the larger of two numbers.  I am talking about the function of", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00411-00180300-00180600": "saying, the way you get that result from this program is to ask a specific", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00412-00180600-00181200": "question.  There is only one way to write that", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00413-00181200-00181600": "line of code, that declaration.  Because of that, merger prevents that", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00414-00181600-00181900": "line from being protected by copyright", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00415-00181900-00182400": ">> OK.  Great.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00416-00182400-00182800": "And, Pam, if I can talk --   you've been -- this is an issue near", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00417-00182800-00183300": "and dear to your heart.  You have written and been an expert on", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00418-00183300-00184100": "these issues for a long time.  So what else do you want to add to", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00419-00184100-00185100": "Michael's presentation?  >> So the question that I think is", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00420-00185100-00185800": "difficult for the justices, and was difficult in the Google versus Oracle", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00421-00185800-00186100": "case, is that the justices look at words and they say, words are really", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00422-00186100-00186800": "the kind of thing that copyright protects.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00423-00186800-00187300": "So we have to look at some of the cases that actually have recognized that", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00424-00187300-00187700": "sometimes words and the selection and arrangement of words and symbols can", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00425-00187700-00188500": "actually be unprotectible by copyright law.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00426-00188500-00189000": "And the Baker V. Seldon case was the first in which the court recognized", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00427-00189000-00189600": "that the selection and arrangement of words for the bookkeeping forms was", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00428-00189600-00190400": "actually an embodiment of the unprotectible method and system, and", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00429-00190400-00191100": "that they should not be protected by copyright law, that useful arts are", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00430-00191100-00191900": "generally embodied in metal or steel or wood or stone.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00431-00191900-00192700": "But even when they are embodied in writings, they can be too functional", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00432-00192700-00193000": "for copyright protection when something is an embodiment of and a constituent", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00433-00193000-00193900": "element of a method or system.  That's when it should be unprotected", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00434-00193900-00194400": "by copyright law.  Now what we have seen in the six other", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00435-00194400-00194900": "appellate court decisions that have addressed the interface versus", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00436-00194900-00195200": "implementation issue is that all six of the decision -- appellate court", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00437-00195200-00195900": "decisions that have addressed the question of protectability of", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00438-00195900-00196400": "interfaces have basically said, no, they are not protectable.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00439-00196400-00197200": "Ulti was the first of those decisions, but two of the decisions are ninth", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00440-00197200-00197800": "circuit decisions, Sega versus Accolade, and also Sony versus", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00441-00197800-00198500": "Connectix, in which the court basically said that interface procedures that", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00442-00198500-00199000": "enable compatibility are unprotectible procedures within the meaning of", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00443-00199000-00199700": "section 102b.  So those decisions actually --", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00444-00199700-00200100": "and the merger decision in the Lexmark case, the 102b decision also in the", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00445-00200100-00200700": "first circuit decision, and one of the things that the federal circuit", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00446-00200700-00201300": "doesn't try to do is to give any meaning to the words of exclusion in", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00447-00201300-00201900": "section 102b other than abstract idea.  And abstract idea is not the only word", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00448-00201900-00202700": "in that statute.   And it's important also that Congress", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00449-00202700-00203400": "added those terms of exclusion to the copyright statute in order to ensure", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00450-00203400-00203900": "that computer program copyrights would not be too broad and would not", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00451-00203900-00204600": "interfere with the ongoing progress of innovation in those fields.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00452-00204600-00205000": "And I think it's actually worth noting that Sun Microsystems, the developer", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00453-00205000-00205600": "of the java language and the java A. P.I.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00454-00205600-00206200": "founded the American committee for interoperatble systems, and its deputy", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00455-00206200-00206800": "general council filed an amicas brief basically saying that the interfaces", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00456-00206800-00207500": "that enable compatibility are methods within the meaning of section 102b.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00457-00207500-00207900": "So the federal circuits's decision in this case is the outlier, and the", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00458-00207900-00208600": "federal circuit either ignored or misconstrued every single one of those", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00459-00208600-00209200": "six additional cases.  And it leaves no room whatsoever for", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00460-00209200-00209800": "compatibility to have any value.  And that is just, I think, a terrible", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00461-00209800-00210000": "decision as a matter of copyright law and a terrible decision as a matter of", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00462-00210000-00210600": "public policy.  And you see all of the major players", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00463-00210600-00210700": "in the software industry are on -- in support of Google, not in support of", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00464-00210700-00211000": "Oracle.  >> Great.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00465-00211000-00211800": "Thank you.  And, John, you represent a coalition", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00466-00211800-00212000": "of those tech companies that also makes the argument about", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00467-00212000-00212500": "noncopyrightnoncopyrightability.  So in addition to what Google and what", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00468-00212500-00212900": "Pam has just said does your brief add?  >> So thank you for having me.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00469-00212900-00213700": "I represented the computer and communications industry association", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00470-00213700-00214400": "and the Internet association in this -- actually in amicas briefs all the way", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00471-00214400-00214600": "up and down the courts in this case.  And disclosure, Google is a member of", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00472-00214600-00214900": "both associations but did not participate in the drafting of the", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00473-00214900-00215400": "brief.  So the interest of these associations", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00474-00215400-00215700": "is all about interoperatability, whether you want to use the term", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00475-00215700-00216100": "compatibility interoperatability or whatever.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00476-00216100-00216800": "That was our concern.  And we wanted to make sure that", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00477-00216800-00217100": "whatever the courts came out with did not make -- did not interfere with the", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00478-00217100-00217400": "ability of programs to work with each other.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00479-00217400-00218300": "And for individuals to work with programs.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00480-00218300-00218700": "And so, again, the focus has always been on interoperatability.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00481-00218700-00219200": "Now there's been a suggestion throughout the casethat this case", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00482-00219200-00219500": "wasn't really about interoperatbility because Android is not completely", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00483-00219500-00220000": "interoperatble with java, but that's incorrect.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00484-00220000-00220500": "There are -- even though the program -- even though these platforms aren't", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00485-00220500-00220900": "completely interoperatable, there is a degree of interoperatability,", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00486-00220900-00221500": "certainly chunks of code that are written for the java platform can be", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00487-00221500-00222300": "ported into Android, and certainly all parties concede -- well, certainly the", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00488-00222300-00222900": "U.S. government concedes that a programmer, a java programmer who", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00489-00222900-00223900": "wants to use a java program, a java call, needs to use exactly the same", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00490-00223900-00224600": "declaration in order to call a function in Android, so that there is this", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00491-00224600-00225200": "absolute matching.  And that leads to turning to the two", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00492-00225200-00225500": "legal arguments.  First with respect to method of", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00493-00225500-00226200": "operation, there's this question of, well, how do you -- you know, how", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00494-00226200-00226500": "could you distinguish declaring code from implementing code, and, you know,", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00495-00226500-00227000": "from one --  is there a way to draw a bright line?", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00496-00227000-00227500": "And we think there is.  Certainly the basically -- from our", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00497-00227500-00227800": "point of view, is that any element that is necessary for", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00498-00227800-00229100": "interinteroperatability, and so clearly the declaring code is necessary for", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00499-00229100-00229600": "interoperateility between the calls and the subare you rue /* subroutines, any", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00500-00229600-00229800": "element necessary for interoperatbility is outside the scope of copyright", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00501-00229800-00230500": "protection.  And that doesn't have any sort of", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00502-00230500-00231100": "bleedover into other areas of other kinds of work that copyright covers", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00503-00231100-00231600": "because this is a unique aspect of computer programs, this aspect of", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00504-00231600-00231900": "interoperatability.  And indeed justice soda mayor said", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00505-00231900-00232400": "that herself.  She said software is to be generous.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00506-00232400-00232600": "It is completely different from all of the other kinds of works that", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00507-00232600-00233000": "copyright covers.  But if that wasn't good enough, if you", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00508-00233000-00233300": "didn't want to draw a bright line and say elements necessary for", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00509-00233300-00233700": "interoperatbility are outside the scope of copyright protection, then you do", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00510-00233700-00234000": "have the merger argument.  Now, and again, the U.S.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00511-00234000-00234800": "government in its brief sort of concedes that there is this, you know,", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00512-00234800-00235400": "it needs to match exactly  -- the call has to match with the declaration for", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00513-00235400-00235600": "the subroutine to be called.  Now, then there's the question of,", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00514-00235600-00235900": "yeah, but the merger -- when do you look at it?", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00515-00235900-00236600": "Do you look at it at the time of creation, or do you look at it at the", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00516-00236600-00237000": "time of the second one, the competitor was coming into the market?", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00517-00237000-00237500": "But I submit here that you don't even need to do that, because when java --", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00518-00237500-00237800": "when Sun wrote the java platform, it wrote the calls as well -- it was", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00519-00237800-00238100": "writing both sides of the interface.  You never write one side of the", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00520-00238100-00238400": "interface.  You're doing it all at the same time,", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00521-00238400-00238900": "you know, whether you --   whatever analogy you want to use.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00522-00238900-00239300": "If you want to use the plug and the socket, you don't divide --", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00523-00239300-00239400": "develop the socket and say, OK, now that I've developed the socket, now", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00524-00239400-00239700": "I'm going to develop the plug.  No.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00525-00239700-00239900": "You develop it at the same time.  You develop both sides at the same", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00526-00239900-00240100": "time.  And that's exactly what happened", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00527-00240100-00241000": "here.  It happened all at the same time.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00528-00241000-00241600": "And that's why, again, if you have a call, for the call to work in the java", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00529-00241600-00241900": "environment, then it needs to have -- you need to have exactly that -- the", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00530-00241900-00242200": "exact declaring code.  You can't change the declaring code.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00531-00242200-00242500": "If you change the declaring code, the call won't work.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00532-00242500-00243100": "You could conceivably have completely different calls.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00533-00243100-00244200": "But then you're sort of completely distorting the nature of copyright law", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00534-00244200-00244500": "and extending this thickness of protection that as Pam indicated is", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00535-00244500-00245000": "completely -- a complete departure from all of the other courts.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00536-00245000-00245300": "And, again, The Justice recognized that.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00537-00245300-00245600": ">> We'll get to the argument in a minute.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00538-00245600-00245900": "I just want to get the merits out.  Can you hold that thought for your", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00539-00245900-00246600": "next round?  Cool.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00540-00246600-00246900": "OK.  And I do want to just say at this", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00541-00246900-00247200": "point we are trying to get the merits on the table.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00542-00247200-00247600": "We are running out of time, and I know we want to talk about the argument.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00543-00247600-00247800": "So for the folks that want to talk about fair use, if we can stay high", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00544-00247800-00248100": "level about what the basic argument is.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00545-00248100-00248800": "There was a lot of discussion about fair use in the argument.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00546-00248800-00249200": "But for the students in the audience, four factor test, nature of the", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00547-00249200-00249400": "copyrighted work.  And the first and the fourth factor", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00548-00249400-00249900": "are what most of the attention was given to.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00549-00249900-00250400": "And this word \"transformative,\" which has special meaning in copyright law,", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00550-00250400-00250800": "meaning have you changed the content or have you changed the context or the", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00551-00250800-00251300": "purpose or the message.  And there's a sharp dispute between", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00552-00251300-00252000": "the parties about whether that has happened here, whether taking code", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00553-00252000-00252300": "from the desktop computer context to the mobile phone context should count", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00554-00252300-00252700": "as transformative or not.  The nature of the work is important", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00555-00252700-00253100": "because fact-based works get less protection.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00556-00253100-00253500": "The amount and substantiality is measured against the copyrighted work,", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00557-00253500-00254000": "which would be the total -- the sum total of java S.E.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00558-00254000-00254500": "And then the other thing we look at is the effect on the market.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00559-00254500-00254800": "And here there was a lot of sharp dispute about how to define that", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00560-00254800-00255200": "market.  Is it the market of using java on a", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00561-00255200-00255800": "mobile phone?  Is it the potential to license java to", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00562-00255800-00256300": "others to develop mobile phone operating systems or apps?", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00563-00256300-00256600": "And those licensing markets have to be plausible, not just hypothetical.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00564-00256600-00256900": "And the harm is measured in an aggregate.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00565-00256900-00257400": "So if one person can do it, others can do it.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00566-00257400-00257800": "And it's that harm to the market and this purpose and character of the use", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00567-00257800-00258600": "that are the most important factors in the analysis.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00568-00258600-00258900": "And so Andrew Silverman, if I can go back to you, in terms of your argument", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00569-00258900-00259100": "on those points in the briefest way possible, give us a quick --", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00570-00259100-00259600": ">> Yeah.  Let me do this really quickly.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00571-00259600-00260200": "So the Supreme Court said in Harper and Row, which is one of the four Supreme", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00572-00260200-00260500": "Court fair uses prior to today, that fair use has always precluded a", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00573-00260500-00261100": "superceding use.  A commercial copying that takes parts", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00574-00261100-00261300": "of the original and uses them to compete against the original in the", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00575-00261300-00261900": "market and in supercedes the original in the market.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00576-00261900-00262000": "But our argument is that's exactly what we have here, that Android obviously", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00577-00262000-00262400": "commercial.  Google makes billions of dollars.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00578-00262400-00263000": "They copied parts of our work.  They used it in a competing platform.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00579-00263000-00263600": "And they have superceded Oracle not only in markets that Oracle was", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00580-00263600-00264100": "already in, in the mobile market, but also markets that Oracle was looking", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00581-00264100-00264600": "to enter.  That it was either going to enter into", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00582-00264600-00264900": "on its own or that it was going to license other people to enter.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00583-00264900-00265400": "The federal circuit talks about some of the different pieces of evidence that", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00584-00265400-00265600": "demonstrate that smartphones were a potential market for either java S.E.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00585-00265600-00266300": "itself, which is the work at issue, or", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00586-00266300-00266400": "for a derivative or adaptation of java specifically for smartphones.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00587-00266400-00266800": ">> OK.  Great.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00588-00266800-00267400": "That was nice and brief.  Thank you.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00589-00267400-00268100": "And, Bob, you've -- so the motion picture association of America wanted", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00590-00268100-00268600": "to weigh in because as Andrew Silverman just said, fair use doesn't come up in", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00591-00268600-00269000": "the Supreme Court that often, and so can you briefly tell us about your", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00592-00269000-00269300": "interest or the N.   P.A. A.'s interest in the case and", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00593-00269300-00269500": "what they most wanted to communicate to the court?", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00594-00269500-00269900": ">> Sure.  The motion picture studios and those", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00595-00269900-00270300": "in the more traditional creative arts are on actually on both sides of the", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00596-00270300-00270600": "issue.  They are defended very often in fair", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00597-00270600-00271000": "use cases.  So they have an interest in getting it", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00598-00271000-00271200": "right.  And the N. P.A. weighed in on two", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00599-00271200-00271500": "issues.  The first factor, nature and character", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00600-00271500-00271900": "of use, and the fourth factor market harm.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00601-00271900-00272300": "The most important factors.  Although here the second factor may be", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00602-00272300-00273400": "lurking.  And on the first factorspecifically,", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00603-00273400-00273800": "on behalf of Oracle, the n N. P.A. A. Weighed in on transformative use.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00604-00273800-00274200": "Google really argued.  I don't know if anyone seriously", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00605-00274200-00275100": "argued or heard it today that a change of medium is fair use.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00606-00275100-00275800": "You know, a D.V.D. development was exploited by the copyright holder.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00607-00275800-00276100": "And if someone would come in and say, we are putting V.H.S. tapes on D.V.D.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00608-00276100-00276700": "now, that's a fair use, that wouldn't have flied.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00609-00276700-00277100": "But Google really argued in their brief and today that their use of Oracle", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00610-00277100-00277600": "software was new, innovative, and socially beneficial.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00611-00277600-00278000": "And our brief said that really proves too much.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00612-00278000-00278500": "The traditionally under the first factor transformative use means a", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00613-00278500-00278800": "change of meaning or message to the original work.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00614-00278800-00279300": "And you don't have that here.  And Google's argument proved too much", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00615-00279300-00279900": "because if you think about a sequel to a motion picture.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00616-00279900-00280400": "A sequel to a motion picture is -- can be, and hopefully will be, new,", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00617-00280400-00280800": "innovative, socially beneficial.  But it doesn't mean that someone who", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00618-00280800-00281000": "doesn't have authorization from the copyright holder can come in and make", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00619-00281000-00281300": "a sequel and say, hey, that's transformative.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00620-00281300-00282100": "So that was the argument.  We believe actually the Supreme Court", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00621-00282100-00283200": "case that supports that, Stewart versus A bend, it was not fair use to make a", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00622-00283200-00283400": "motion picture, Alfred Hitchcock movie, \"Rear Window,\" out of a short", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00623-00283400-00284000": "story.  I think the movie was better than the", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00624-00284000-00284400": "short story, but it was notauthororized.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00625-00284400-00285000": "Another thing I'll mention is that Google made the argument that Oracle", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00626-00285000-00285400": "only wished to get into the smartphone market, but didn't do it.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00627-00285400-00285700": "Delayed.  And we in our brief said, you know,", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00628-00285700-00286200": "that doesn't matter.  Copyright holder has the right not to", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00629-00286200-00286500": "exploit a market.  Sometimes the fact of infringement", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00630-00286500-00287000": "impedes the copyright holder from getting into a market.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00631-00287000-00287600": "That was the nabster case.  The record companies really could not", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00632-00287600-00288200": "get into the online digital download market because Nabster was out there.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00633-00288200-00288400": "and then we use the example, sometimes the derivative of the later work, the", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00634-00288400-00289500": "exploited work, doesn't happen for a while.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00635-00289500-00289900": "Just really quickly, two sequels, \"The Hustler,\" and The color of money,\"", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00636-00289900-00291000": "older Paul newman, they were related.  And this year I'm sure it came out", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00637-00291000-00291400": "because of the pandemic, but Paramount came out with a sequel to \"Top Gun.\"", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00638-00291400-00291900": "But I'm sure that no one would have come out and said that no one has done", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00639-00291900-00292500": "it, so we have the right to make Top Gun.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00640-00292500-00292800": ">> Anything else other than Oraclee -- you seem to agree on both the", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00641-00292800-00293100": "transformative and market harm.  Any nuance in between you?", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00642-00293100-00293400": ">> No, I don't think there was.  I mean, one thing that's coming up a", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00643-00293400-00293800": "few times is this idea of interoperatability.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00644-00293800-00294300": "And I think the government in its brief and again at the argument today, you", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00645-00294300-00294700": "know, reinforced the sort of point of view that interoperatbility is a good", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00646-00294700-00295000": "thing.  That is something that can be a", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00647-00295000-00295700": "beneficial -- socially beneficial use that's justifiable under fair use.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00648-00295700-00296100": "And I think the key thing to understand here is that the Android platform was", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00649-00296100-00296500": "specifically made to be incompatible with java S.E.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00650-00296500-00297000": "So I think the take away point there is that a ruling in Oracle's favor in", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00651-00297000-00297400": "fair use would not mean that you could never reimplement an A. P.I.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00652-00297400-00297900": "I don't think anyone could say that.  I think there would still be room for", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00653-00297900-00298400": "fair use in the context of true, you know, true interoperatability, where", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00654-00298400-00298700": "you're trying to have -- you know, reimplement the A. P.I. in order to", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00655-00298700-00299200": "make your new program to work with some legacy program.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00656-00299200-00299500": "And that's what a lot of programmers do, they reimplement the A. P.I. to", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00657-00299500-00299900": "make it work with the original operating system.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00658-00299900-00300400": "I don't think that a ruling in Oracle's favor could mean that that kind of use", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00659-00300400-00300600": "is not fair use.  That's one nuance I wanted to add on", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00660-00300600-00300900": "to the discussion.  >> Great.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00661-00300900-00301000": "So, Michael, you argued both it's transformative and there's no market", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00662-00301000-00301400": "harm.  Why?", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00663-00301400-00301800": ">> Well, you know, in the interest of time, I'm actually going to focus on a", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00664-00301800-00302300": "slightly different aspect that hasn't been discussed yet, which is that we", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00665-00302300-00302500": "had a two-week jury trial in 2016 with 29 witnesses that was all about fair", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00666-00302500-00303000": "use.  Infringement had already been", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00667-00303000-00303600": "addressed in the first trial.  PREEMa FASHa infringement in 2012.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00668-00303600-00303700": "And damages were bifurcated for a later phase that turned out to not be", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00669-00303700-00304300": "necessary because of the fair use finding.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00670-00304300-00304500": "So that was the opportunity for Oracle to make its case that this was not a", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00671-00304500-00304800": "fair use.  And Android laid out the arguments", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00672-00304800-00305000": "they made.  The point of having a jury was so that", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00673-00305000-00305600": "could the jury could decide that issue.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00674-00305600-00306000": "In the pretrial statement that Oracle submitted before that trial, they", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00675-00306000-00306300": "identified every aspect of fair use as being an issue for the jury.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00676-00306300-00307100": "There was also a section where they were to put down the issues of law", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00677-00307100-00307500": "that were to be resolved at the trial.  And they listed no fair use issues as", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00678-00307500-00308000": "an issue of law.  So the whole kit and caboodle was", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00679-00308000-00308400": "decided by the jury.   We have a system that if you want to", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00680-00308400-00308800": "appeal to the jury's determination, that is open to review.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00681-00308800-00309300": "What the federal circuit did instead is it said that the only thing it was", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00682-00309300-00309700": "going to give deferential review to was the so-called historical facts.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00683-00309700-00310400": "It ignored the inferences that are drawn from those facts and it ignored", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00684-00310400-00310800": "all of the balancng that the jury engaged in.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00685-00310800-00311200": "Oracle having concluded, having stated and conceded that these were issues", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00686-00311200-00311500": "for the jury to decide, can't now change its story and say, oh, no,", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00687-00311500-00311800": "those are issues for the court to decide.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00688-00311800-00312200": "And that issue has come up in what's called the standard of review.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00689-00312200-00312700": "And that is an issue that came up from several of the justices.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00690-00312700-00313100": "On the other issues, you know, we could debate those as well, but I think", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00691-00313100-00313500": "probaby to allow us to get to the actual argument and discuss what", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00692-00313500-00313800": "happened this morning, maybe we should save that until that point.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00693-00313800-00314000": ">> I think that's right.  Andrew and Pam, I want to give you a", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00694-00314000-00314300": "shot but also we want to get to the argument.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00695-00314300-00314600": "Andrew bridges, we haven't introduced you yet.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00696-00314600-00315200": "Any quick points on the substance of fair use?", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00697-00315200-00315700": ">> Sure.  I think that Tom Goldstein kind of", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00698-00315700-00316100": "dodged the question, but implicitly I think he was arguing to what I call", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00699-00316100-00316700": "the fifth factor of fair use.  Which after Campbell is the", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00700-00316700-00316900": "Constitution's copyright purpose.  And whether the use is to promote the", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00701-00316900-00317300": "progress of science in the useful arts.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00702-00317300-00317700": "He used the words millions and millions a couple of times very effectively.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00703-00317700-00317900": "This has spawned millions of programs used by billions of persons.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00704-00317900-00318400": "So I think that's an important fact that he wanted to get across.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00705-00318400-00318800": "This has promoted creativty and creative expression in the progress of", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00706-00318800-00319100": "science and useful arts.  The question of historically facts I", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00707-00319100-00319700": "find interesting.  So when Michael put on the screen a", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00708-00319700-00320300": "few minutes ago fair use considerations, when I", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00709-00320300-00320600": "go through the factors, including my fifth factor, I come up with about 21", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00710-00320600-00321000": "different factual questions that are relevant to a determination of fair", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00711-00321000-00321500": "use that fall within the four factors plus the Constitutional purpose.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00712-00321500-00321800": "And I think they're all historical facts.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00713-00321800-00322200": "Whether something is transformative or not is a historical fact.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00714-00322200-00322400": "Now a court may not like where a jury has placed the line.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00715-00322400-00322900": "I can see review of a jury determination.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00716-00322900-00323500": "But to say that some questions are historical facts and that others are", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00717-00323500-00323700": "not just seems sort of strange here.  And I'll just -- I'll keep my comments", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00718-00323700-00324400": "short.  I'll just say one more thing.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00719-00324400-00324900": "I think that fair use decision here for a court that is strugglng with a", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00720-00324900-00325300": "technology and strugglng with a credibility statements about the", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00721-00325300-00325800": "implications of a decision, for this Court, they may feel that the", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00722-00325800-00326200": "absolutely safest way to decide this case will be on the standard of review", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00723-00326200-00326700": "on fair use.  The jury made a decision.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00724-00326700-00327200": "The parties willingly sent it to a jury for that decision.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00725-00327200-00327500": "Advisory jury by the federal circuit comes out of nowhere and is bizarre in", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00726-00327500-00328000": "the claim that there's no settlement right to a jury would be strange.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00727-00328000-00328400": "So I think that that's the place to see where the court may turn out.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00728-00328400-00328600": "I have more things to say, but I want to stop here because I know we need to", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00729-00328600-00328800": "move on.  >> Great.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00730-00328800-00328900": "Thank you.  Pam, any quick -- I know there's a lot", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00731-00328900-00329800": "to say here, but go ahead.  >> Yeah.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00732-00329800-00330600": "So I think the issue of deference to the jury is something that several of", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00733-00330600-00331700": "the justices were sympathetic to.  I think it also makes -- it's worth", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00734-00331700-00332400": "points out two things.  One is that Judge Allsup on ruling on", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00735-00332400-00333000": "the Oracle issue identified at least a dozen different fact issues that the", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00736-00333000-00333500": "jury heard testimony on this and testimony on that, and they must have", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00737-00333500-00334400": "decided that the witnesses that Google presented were more persuasive than", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00738-00334400-00334700": "the ones that Oracle presented, and so he went into some detail about those", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00739-00334700-00335500": "issues.  And the federal circuit just ignored", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00740-00335500-00335900": "those things, even though the federal circuit had previously said in its", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00741-00335900-00336500": "2014 decision that there was a triable issue of fact on fair use.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00742-00336500-00337100": "And I remember that decision actually even saying that whether something was", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00743-00337100-00337800": "transformative was a jury issue.  So I think that I agree with Andrew", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00744-00337800-00338400": "Bridges that an easy way for the court to dock the technical complexity of", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00745-00338400-00338600": "the case would be to say that the federal circuit should have given", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00746-00338600-00339100": "greater deference to the jury verdict.  >> Great.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00747-00339100-00339600": "So let's go ahead and sort of take this as our transition into the argument.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00748-00339600-00340400": "Cayman, I know you didn't present your issues on the merits of fair use.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00749-00340400-00340800": "But on this point, one justice seemed quite attracted to one resolution that", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00750-00340800-00341100": "Pam mentioned, that the easiest way out of this is to remand on the standard", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00751-00341100-00341700": "of review.  From your perspective, would there be", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00752-00341700-00341800": "a problem with that?  And if so, why?", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00753-00341800-00342200": ">> Is that question to me?  >> Yes.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00754-00342200-00342700": ">> Yeah.  So the copyright alliance actually", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00755-00342700-00343500": "didn't take a position on the Standard of review.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00756-00343500-00343900": "But I think it is important to remember the kind of policy interest and the", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00757-00343900-00344300": "First Amendment concerns that have to do with fair use.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00758-00344300-00344900": "And if you kind of put all of those to a jury, it kind of removes the", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00759-00344900-00345300": "predictability, it removes the policy judgments that Congress is trying to", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00760-00345300-00345900": "make because you are entrusting the jury to do all of the balancing,", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00761-00345900-00346600": "rather than just finding the facts.  And when you leave that to the court,", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00762-00346600-00347200": "I mean, it's too important of an issue to leave just to the jury.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00763-00347200-00347800": "And I would like to make just a point on transformativeness while we're here", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00764-00347800-00348200": "since I didn't get to at the start, which is I think just it's important", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00765-00348200-00348600": "to remember the word \"trans\"transformativeness\" is nowhere", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00766-00348600-00349500": "in the statute.  It's not in the fair use.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00767-00349500-00349800": "In fact, the word \"trance form\"  -- transform\" is only in relation to", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00768-00349800-00350100": "derivative works, which are the exclusive right of the copyright", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00769-00350100-00350900": "holder to create.  So I think what the copyright alliance", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00770-00350900-00351500": "is very concerned with is a broad interpretation of the first factor,", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00771-00351500-00351900": "broad transformative interpretation, along with a narrow interpretation of", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00772-00351900-00352200": "the factor which is the market harm, the extent to the market that you're", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00773-00352200-00352800": "looking at.  Are you looking at just existing", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00774-00352800-00353400": "markets or potential markets.  And it creates almost an adverse", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00775-00353400-00354100": "possession like doctrine, if you are saying that a competitor can come in", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00776-00354100-00354500": "and, you know, take a work in a new medium but not for a new purpose and", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00777-00354500-00355000": "call that both transformative under the first sector and that it's not harming", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00778-00355000-00355300": "the market under the fourth factor because they have entered into a", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00779-00355300-00355700": "slightly different market.  >> OK.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00780-00355700-00356100": "So going back to Andrew Silverman, how are you guys feeling about the", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00781-00356100-00356400": "argument today?  What were the high points and low", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00782-00356400-00356700": "points from your perspective?  >> I think we're feeling really good", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00783-00356700-00357400": "about the argument.  You know, there was an interesting", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00784-00357400-00357900": "exchange -- let me start on copyrightability with Justice GORSICH", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00785-00357900-00358300": "and Tom Goldstein with what really Google was arguing today on", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00786-00358300-00358700": "copyrightability.  It seemed like Google was walking away", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00787-00358700-00359300": "a little bit from its method of operation or not really pushing that", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00788-00359300-00359500": "as strongly as the merger argument.  So I thought that that exchange was", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00789-00359500-00359700": "telling.  On fair use, you know, there were some", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00790-00359700-00360400": "questions about the merits.  There were other questions about the", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00791-00360400-00360700": "standard of review I thought there were two exchanges that were telling to me", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00792-00360700-00361900": "on that.  One was a question on the merits of", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00793-00361900-00362400": "fair use, where justice aaAllito that asked that this was a question to", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00794-00362400-00362600": "Google that Oracle was way ahead on the first and fourth factors, which are", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00795-00362600-00363000": "generally considered to be the most important factors.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00796-00363000-00363800": "And I thought that that was a really interesting question because it both", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00797-00363800-00364100": "raises the merits but also provides a potential path forward even for a", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00798-00364100-00364600": "justice who's thinking about the standard of review and wondering what", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00799-00364600-00365000": "the standard of review should be, to be able to say, look, if one party", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00800-00365000-00365400": "prevails on the first and fourth factors, no reasonable jury could", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00801-00365400-00365600": "possibly conclude any other way.  And so I thought that was pretty", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00802-00365600-00366300": "telling.  And then the third exchange was right", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00803-00366300-00366800": "towards the end, where Justice GORsich, who had asked some questions about the", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00804-00366800-00367400": "standard review, had heard both Oracle and the government say that Google's", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00805-00367400-00367800": "approach to the standard of review to make it so that fair use is a factual", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00806-00367800-00368300": "question, that it's, you know, on the factual side of a mixed question, and", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00807-00368300-00368900": "so it's something that would really always need to go to a jury whenever", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00808-00368900-00369300": "there was a dispute, a genuine dispute on any factor.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00809-00369300-00369700": "The argument was made by Oracle and the government that that would really", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00810-00369700-00370100": "undermine summary judgment, and that most fair use cases are decided on", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00811-00370100-00370900": "summary judgment, and this would really be a sea change in how fair use", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00812-00370900-00371100": "litigation was to proceed.  And Justice GORsich took those two", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00813-00371100-00371400": "arguments and turned around and asked Google about it.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00814-00371400-00371900": "So I thought even for a justice that was really thinking about the standard", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00815-00371900-00372300": "of review, really very concerned about the practical consequences of the", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00816-00372300-00372800": "position that Google is taking.  >> OK.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00817-00372800-00373100": "Michael, how are you guys feeling?  What were your high points and low", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00818-00373100-00373500": "points?  >> It was actually a pretty", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00819-00373500-00373800": "interesting argument, I thought.  Market harm actually didn't come up at", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00820-00373800-00374100": "all.  And I'm not -- frankly I'm not sure", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00821-00374100-00374200": "what that means.  You don't always ask the questions", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00822-00374200-00374500": "that are the most important in the case.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00823-00374500-00374900": "You ask the questions that you have the most questions about.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00824-00374900-00375100": "That's what oral argument is for.  But I did see that there was some", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00825-00375100-00376000": "interesting questions about standard of review, for example.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00826-00376000-00376200": "And I thought that Justice Gorsich, it was no surprise that it was a topic of", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00827-00376200-00376700": "conversation for him.  He is a great believer in the jury", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00828-00376700-00377000": "trial.  He actually as a circuit judge", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00829-00377000-00377300": "co-authored a proposal to make a jury demand unnecessary in civil trials, to", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00830-00377300-00377900": "make the default be that you are entitled to a jury trial.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00831-00377900-00378300": "He has always been a strong believer in jury trials.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00832-00378300-00378600": "Justice Allito even addressed this before him, because he came first in", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00833-00378600-00379000": "seniority, and brought up the fact that mixed questions often are things that", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00834-00379000-00379600": "are resolved by the jury.  And I think that piggybacks on the", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00835-00379600-00380000": "Supreme Court's prior decision in Hannah Financial in trademark tacking,", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00836-00380000-00380200": "where they talked about the fact that there's all juries do.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00837-00380200-00380500": "Juries always apply the jury instructions and see whether or not", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00838-00380500-00380800": "the facts that they have determined meet those instructions.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00839-00380800-00381600": "So they are always applying law to facts.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00840-00381600-00381700": "That's how you get a jury verdict.  So I thought the Justice Allit O's", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00841-00381700-00382400": "formulation there was an interesting point.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00842-00382400-00383500": "And another point that I thought was interesting was from Justice Cagan.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00843-00383500-00383800": "And right after Sotomayor said that she believed that Oracle's use", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00844-00383800-00384200": "wastransformative, said does it need to be transformative?", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00845-00384200-00384700": "And she said maybe that was the wrong way to frame the question.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00846-00384700-00385400": "And that on the issue of interoperatability, that policy desire", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00847-00385400-00385900": "to affect YAT interoperatbility should be fair use, rather than trying to ram", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00848-00385900-00386200": "everything into transformation.  And transformation is not actually in", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00849-00386200-00386800": "the statute.  It comes from a law review article", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00850-00386800-00387400": "actually from Judge Lual.  So that's become a dominant feature.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00851-00387400-00388000": "But Justice Cagan, I thought her comments were a good reminder that the", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00852-00388000-00388400": "doctrine is supposed to be flexibility and you need to adjust to the facts of", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00853-00388400-00388900": "each particular case.  And that's a particularly good reason", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00854-00388900-00389300": "why we need to defer to the jury.  >> Andrew Bridges, I know you did a", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00855-00389300-00389600": "good job of keeping yourself short so let me give you an early crack at the", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00856-00389600-00390000": "argument.  And one question for all of you is,", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00857-00390000-00390300": "you know, one thing about being remote is we get to hear questions from", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00858-00390300-00390900": "Justice Thomas that we would never hear from before.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00859-00390900-00391300": "So I'd be curious if anybody, you know, he's always been a bit of a wild card", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00860-00391300-00391600": "to guess because of his nonquestioning and argument.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00861-00391600-00392100": "Did you get anything out of his questions as well?", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00862-00392100-00392600": "Andrew, go ahead.  You're on mute.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00863-00392600-00392900": ">> Thank you.  No, I thought the arguments were very", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00864-00392900-00393100": "effective on both sides.  I thought they put forward the best", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00865-00393100-00393500": "arguments they could.  I thought they fielded questions very", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00866-00393500-00394100": "well.  I was a little surprised at the", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00867-00394100-00394500": "emphasis placed on the commerciality of Google's use.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00868-00394500-00395100": "And sort of casting Google in that light because honestly, there's been", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00869-00395100-00395700": "lip service given to commerciality.  I think Campbell put that to rest", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00870-00395700-00395800": "quite a bit.  I think that most fair use is in fact", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00871-00395800-00396200": "commercial.  I don't know why we assume that most", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00872-00396200-00396700": "of it is not.  I mean, newspapers quoting books and", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00873-00396700-00397100": "book reviews, they are commercial.  Colbert using clips from Fox, from", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00874-00397100-00398900": "O'Reilly, that's commercial.  It seems to me that the whole", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00875-00398900-00399000": "O'Reilly, that's commercial.  It seems to me that the whole commercial cast, which was as atphosatmospheric as it was technical, I think, may have had some effect.  But I think that when one goes back O'Reilly, that's commercial.  It seems to me that the whole commercial cast, which was as atphosatmospheric as it was technical,", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00876-00399000-00399400": "and looks at the totality of fair use jurisprudence that may fall away.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00877-00399400-00400100": "I think one of the biggest questions for the lawyers here and the justices", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00878-00400100-00400300": "is do we need a bright line reliable test, or do we have this basket of", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00879-00400300-00400600": "factors?  How do we deal with a basket of", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00880-00400600-00401100": "factors?  And the fact that -- and I think", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00881-00401100-00401500": "everybody zeroed in on this, or at least the Google lawyer does, the fact", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00882-00401500-00401900": "that a general jury verdict was used here I think is a very, very big point", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00883-00401900-00402300": "because it's hard for the federal circuit to go and pick it apart", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00884-00402300-00402800": "because of all the different facts that can come into play.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00885-00402800-00403500": "I thought that sort of tended to go in favor of Google.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00886-00403500-00403900": "I'll just say one of the problems here is that the courts are -- courts and", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00887-00403900-00404300": "Congress, frankly, are fond of creating standards that sound meaningful that", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00888-00404300-00405000": "always give courts to do the right to do whatever they damn well want to do", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00889-00405000-00405100": "if a case comes back to them.  So they can articulate factors for a", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00890-00405100-00405700": "jury.  But the big fundamental question here", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00891-00405700-00406000": "is, do courts want to ensure that the standards are so malleable that they", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00892-00406000-00406300": "will just always have the last say.  And I think that's sort of what's at", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00893-00406300-00406900": "issue here.  But I think it also ties into the fact", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00894-00406900-00407000": "that the court is not going to want to wreck one industry or the otherin the", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00895-00407000-00407300": "case.  So that's coming back to the case a", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00896-00407300-00407900": "little bit more than just the argument.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00897-00407900-00408100": "I did want to say I thought both counsel did an admirable job on these", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00898-00408100-00408300": "issues.  >> And I will also compliment", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00899-00408300-00409000": "everyone.  A number of justices commented on the", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00900-00409000-00409300": "quality of the briefing, both from the parties and from the amici, and", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00901-00409300-00409600": "congratulations to all of us for those.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00902-00409600-00409900": "Hat tip.  I know there was huge amounts of work", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00903-00409900-00410100": "you all put in.  Michael asked if he could have a quick", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00904-00410100-00410700": "response on the Justice Thomas question.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00905-00410700-00411000": ">> So Justice Thomas, I think it's been a delight to hear him speak during", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00906-00411000-00411500": "these telephonc arguments and sometimes you've gotten a good idea which way he", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00907-00411500-00411800": "is going on a case.  He asked a lot of open-ended questions", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00908-00411800-00412200": "which actually didn't show his cards as much as you might think.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00909-00412200-00412500": "It showed what issues he might be thinking about, but less so what his", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00910-00412500-00413000": "answers were.  And what I mean by that is he asked a", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00911-00413000-00413500": "question to Oracle.  He said, what would be transformative", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00912-00413500-00413800": "for code, since code -- computer code does whatever computer code does?", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00913-00413800-00414200": "So that definitely showed at least that he was thinking about fair use.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00914-00414200-00414600": "He asked about the standard of review, but didn't actually say anything that", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00915-00414600-00415000": "would suggest what his viewpoint was about what the standard of review", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00916-00415000-00415300": "should be.  He also asked about nonstatutory", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00917-00415300-00415500": "factors since of course the statute only requires that the statutory", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00918-00415500-00415900": "factors be considered but doesn't limit you to that.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00919-00415900-00416500": "So I think he's giving a lot of thought to what could have been in the mind of", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00920-00416500-00416800": "the jury and what effect that should have on review of a black box jury", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00921-00416800-00417200": "verdict.  But exactly what he's thinking , we'll", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00922-00417200-00417400": "have to wait and see.  >> Sy, let", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00923-00417400-00418000": "me turn to you.  And let me ask one of the points that", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00924-00418000-00418400": "was important to Google's argument that we haven't discuss ed yet is the idea", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00925-00418400-00418700": "that there are numerous java -- numerous developers out there who have", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00926-00418700-00419300": "learned the calls and learned how to speak the java language.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00927-00419300-00419700": "And so I think Tom Goldstein ended the argument on sort of this core question", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00928-00419700-00420400": "of, are we talking about fan clubs or prisoners?", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00929-00420400-00420700": "So on one theory, you're punishing Oracle for having created a fan club", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00930-00420700-00421100": "of developers.  And then Google takes the position", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00931-00421100-00421400": "that you're actually trying to take them hostage by asserting that they", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00932-00421400-00422000": "can't use their knowledge in any other context.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00933-00422000-00422500": "And can you -- go ahead, Sy.  >> Yeah.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00934-00422500-00422700": "Sure.  So I think that, you know, look, I was", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00935-00422700-00423300": "a java developer before I went to law school.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00936-00423300-00423600": "I learned it in college.  You know, I familiarized myself with", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00937-00423600-00424000": "the commands.  But, you know, and the reason why it", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00938-00424000-00424500": "was successful and the reason why it was easy for me to learn as a", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00939-00424500-00425000": "programming language was because the packages in the java standard library", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00940-00425000-00425400": "that came packaged with, you know, the standard development kit, were easy to", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00941-00425400-00425800": "learn.  They were organized sensibly.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00942-00425800-00426300": "You know, there were lots of tools that they gave you, you know.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00943-00426300-00426700": "Things like the beans function which allowed you to build widgets.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00944-00426700-00427000": "So I think the point the government made today was, well, that's just", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00945-00427000-00427400": "punishing, you know, to the extent that you say well, there's this huge", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00946-00427400-00427900": "developer base that has learned java, that knows java, that likes java,", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00947-00427900-00428400": "that's just punishing -- if that's the rationale for saying that this is", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00948-00428400-00428900": "somehow not protected either under the copyrightability doctrines or under", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00949-00428900-00429400": "fair use, then that is just punishing Oracle for being successful, for being", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00950-00429400-00429800": "-- for writing a standard library that was well organized that made sense,", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00951-00429800-00430600": "that had -- that was organized in a sensible fashion.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00952-00430600-00430900": "And now in terms of like, OK, well, is there a real lock-in problem in this", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00953-00430900-00431800": "market?  It's very unlike the keyboard where", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00954-00431800-00432400": "everyone uses the qwerty keyboard.  My job skills as a programmer are", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00955-00432400-00432800": "useless because now programming exists in all sorts  -- programming exists in", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00956-00432800-00433200": "all sorts of languages that didn't exist when I was a programmer.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00957-00433200-00433300": "And any developer, and I'm sure Josh would agree, has to learn new", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00958-00433300-00433900": "languages.  That happens all the time.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00959-00433900-00434300": "If you look at what happens in Apple, right, they used to write their -- it", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00960-00434300-00434500": "used to be built on c sharp.  They created a new programming", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00961-00434500-00434700": "language called swift.  And what happened?", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00962-00434700-00435100": "Everyone learned the new programming language.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00963-00435100-00435400": "That's common in this market.  So I don't think it's quite right to", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00964-00435400-00435800": "say what has happened here is that like all of the --", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00965-00435800-00436100": "you know, this huge base of developers is held hostage to the java", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00966-00436100-00436400": "programming language because people have moved around to different", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00967-00436400-00436700": "programming languages since then, since even I learned.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00968-00436700-00436900": ">> OK.  And, Pam, you have a couple of views", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00969-00436900-00437600": "you want to express.  Go ahead.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00970-00437600-00438100": ">> Yeah.  I will leave it to Josh Bloch, who", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00971-00438100-00438500": "knows much more about java, and the interests of the java community, in", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00972-00438500-00439000": "being able to essentially speak the dialect they already know rather than", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00973-00439000-00439500": "having to develop a new dialect of java.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00974-00439500-00440400": "But the thing that I wanted to say about the argument was that it was", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00975-00440400-00441200": "very disheartening to me that so few of the justices really had a concept", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00976-00441200-00441700": "about what an interface was.  And so even though the 83 computer", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00977-00441700-00442300": "scientist brief, the I.B.M. brief, the Microsoft brief, and several others,", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00978-00442300-00442900": "went into quite a bit of detail about what an interface was and why", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00979-00442900-00443700": "unprotectability of interfaces or at least fair use for interfaces was in", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00980-00443700-00444300": "-- was good copyright policy and was also beneficial to the overall", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00981-00444300-00444700": "purposes of copyright law, but what you saw instead was the grasping for this", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00982-00444700-00445400": "analogy and this analogy and this analogy and this analogy.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00983-00445400-00446000": "And so we have not only qwerty but periodic tables, mathematical proofs,", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00984-00446000-00446800": "organizng produce in grocery stores, organizng spices in a kitchen, switch", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00985-00446800-00447700": "boards and the like, as the sort of the tipping toward the unprotectability, I", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00986-00447700-00448000": "think, or thin scope of protection, and not very many analoges on the other", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00987-00448000-00448600": "side.  I think Justice Cavanagh said, well,", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00988-00448600-00448900": "why isn't this like copying a song?  And surely he actually knows the", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00989-00448900-00449500": "difference between those two things.  And finally I'll say that the most", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00990-00449500-00450000": "heartening thing in the whole argument for me was when Justice Sotomayor", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00991-00450000-00450500": "said, you know, since 1992, numerous courts have ruled that program", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00992-00450500-00450800": "interfaces are unprotectible by copyright law of computer programs.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00993-00450800-00451200": "The industry has kind of grown up with that kind of expectation.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00994-00451200-00451600": "Why should we upset that?  And that to me is the critical", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00995-00451600-00451900": "question.  And I hope all of the justices will", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00996-00451900-00452100": "grapple with that as they try to decide what to do with the case.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00997-00452100-00452600": ">> Great.  Thank you.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00998-00452600-00453100": "And Andrew Kim, since we are sort of focused on copyrightability at this", "4iKkcMNWCYy-00999-00453100-00453800": "moment, any particular moments in the argument that stood out for you?", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01000-00453800-00454300": ">> I think the justices were --   to the extent that they discussed", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01001-00454300-00455100": "copyrightability or were strugglng with the organization aspect, the arguments", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01002-00455100-00455500": "that how you organize your universeuniverses, One justice put it,", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01003-00455500-00455800": "of different methods, et cetera, is itself protected extradition.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01004-00455800-00456100": "Expression.  Obviously, there is some degree of", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01005-00456100-00456900": "creativty as to how you organize something.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01006-00456900-00457300": "But I think justice Cagan expressed some reservations about that and to a", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01007-00457300-00457900": "lesser extent the Chief, and there was a question he opened with about the", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01008-00457900-00458500": "menu in the restaurant.  And I think Josh rosen KRANTz had a", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01009-00458500-00458900": "great response to that, it's unoriginal in which order the appetizer and the", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01010-00458900-00459200": "dessert and the entree come out.  But I think all in all issue it's hard", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01011-00459200-00460200": "to predict where the court is going to go, especially with an issue like", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01012-00460200-00460600": "this, where you don't necessarily have fill sol Cal -- philosophical vailance", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01013-00460600-00460900": "one way or the other.  I think they will get to a decision on", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01014-00460900-00461200": "the copyright issue but it's hard to tell where they are going to come out", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01015-00461200-00461600": "in terms of which aspects of the programs are copyrightability.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01016-00461600-00462300": "I think there are good arguments on both.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01017-00462300-00462800": "And I would just like to say I think here I feel like in some ways this", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01018-00462800-00463100": "case is come for the copyright and stay for the sieve pro.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01019-00463100-00463800": "There is a lot of discussion about settled expectations being uprooted in", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01020-00463800-00464500": "terms of innovation, in terms of, you know, making it worth while.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01021-00464500-00464800": "You know, one of the arguments which we won't get into Feist and all of that.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01022-00464800-00465600": "And also common practice as to how to resolve these cases.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01023-00465600-00466000": "Not only are many fair use issues decided at the summary judgment, and", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01024-00466000-00466300": "this came up in the argument as well, but sometimes are decided at the", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01025-00466300-00466600": "motion to dismiss stage too, in certain instances.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01026-00466600-00467000": "So if you're going to make fair use go to trial every single time because", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01027-00467000-00467400": "there might be a sensitive issue or in the majority of cases, that", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01028-00467400-00467900": "drastically alters how you deal with copyright more generally.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01029-00467900-00468700": "And to Pam's point, I think, you know, the justices are struggling with the", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01030-00468700-00469400": "fact -- I think Justice Sotomayor as to the programmers being too generous.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01031-00469400-00470000": "And I think that's part of the problem, is that they are trying to fit what", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01032-00470000-00470400": "was clearly Congress was trying to fit into general frameworks that have to", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01033-00470400-00470700": "apply to everything else.  And you got some of that with Justice", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01034-00470700-00471000": "Cavanagh's questioning about the song.  So I think those are the things that", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01035-00471000-00471200": "the court are wrestlng with.  You know, hard for me to tell, you", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01036-00471200-00471500": "know, where the court is going to come out.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01037-00471500-00471800": "And I don't want to venture a guess.  I think the court will likely find", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01038-00471800-00472400": "that there is at least something copyrightable here.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01039-00472400-00472700": "But where it ends up on fair use and where it ends up on deference to the", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01040-00472700-00473200": "jury, I don't know.  >> Great.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01041-00473200-00473500": "And, John, you have a quick one but Josh, you have been asking to get in.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01042-00473500-00473700": "If I can ask you to be brief, but just on this.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01043-00473700-00474300": "The court does care about the impact of its decision.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01044-00474300-00474500": "And on the copyrightability question, your brief said this would be very", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01045-00474500-00475000": "disruptive.  And can you just -- do you think the", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01046-00475000-00475400": "court -- I mean, the problem is that sort is a representation about how the", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01047-00475400-00475800": "world will change, and they have said, but it changed when the federal", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01048-00475800-00476300": "circuit made this decision five years ago, and the world hasn't ended.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01049-00476300-00476600": "How did you -- when you heard that, how did you respond in your own mind, and", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01050-00476600-00477000": "what is it you think the court does and doesn't get?", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01051-00477000-00477200": ">> I'll answer your entire question.  But I've got to throw in one other", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01052-00477200-00477500": "thing first that I have been holding for five minutes.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01053-00477500-00478000": "And you know what it is.  I would like to take issue with Sy's", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01054-00478000-00478300": "claim that Android was made to be incomatible with java.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01055-00478300-00478600": "That is false.  Oracle has said it repeatedly from a", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01056-00478600-00479000": "computer science perspective.  It's flat-out wrong.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01057-00479000-00479400": "I was for a year part of the team that developed Android, and we worked very,", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01058-00479400-00479800": "very hard to make sure it was compatible and we succeeded.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01059-00479800-00480200": "There are billions of lines of code, and I do mean billions and I am not", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01060-00480200-00480400": "exaggerating, that run unchanged on both Android and Oracle every day.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01061-00480400-00481000": "They are not the apps that you and I use.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01062-00481000-00481400": "They are the building blocks of the apps, the libraries, and the tools", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01063-00481400-00482000": "used to construct those apps.  So let there be no doubt java and", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01064-00482000-00482900": "Android are compatible.  Android is far more compatible with", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01065-00482900-00483100": "java that all of the others that they sold to other platforms.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01066-00483100-00483400": "All right.  Got that out of my system.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01067-00483400-00483900": "Now I will try to answer your other question rapidly.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01068-00483900-00484700": "First of all, you know, they said, hey, the world didn't fall apart when, you", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01069-00484700-00485200": "know, you lost in 2018.  Well, yeah, but as I not it from  --", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01070-00485200-00485700": "as I understand it from my lawyer friends, that decision did not", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01071-00485700-00486200": "establish a precedent except in like a tiny jurisdiction, because it was the", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01072-00486200-00486800": "cafc because of some weird copyright patent thing in the original case had,", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01073-00486800-00487000": "you know, taken on this case, and done a patent issue, and it was in the", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01074-00487000-00487400": "ninth district.  So, you know, we in the industry still", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01075-00487400-00487900": "assume that we are free to implement each other's A.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01076-00487900-00488200": "P.I.'s, and we are still doing it.  We have done it for the past 15 years,", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01077-00488200-00488500": "and we haven't stopped yet.  If the Supreme Court said, hey, you", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01078-00488500-00488800": "can't do it anymore, there would be a massive change, and it won't be", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01079-00488800-00489200": "pleasant.  And by the way, let me throw in a few", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01080-00489200-00489700": "examples of what we have done over the past 50 years.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01081-00489700-00490700": "Fortran was a language invented in 1958 by I.B.M.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01082-00490700-00491500": "Two years later univac released a language that used the same A. P.I.'s.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01083-00491500-00492300": "I.B.M. did the architecture in 11964.  And a ton of other companies", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01084-00492300-00492700": "reimplemented that A. P.I. to sell compatible computers and on and on and", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01085-00492700-00493100": "on.  I'll stop listing them, unless you ask", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01086-00493100-00493300": "me, and I can list 20 others.  But that's the way we do.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01087-00493300-00493600": "We do use each other's A.   P.I.'s.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01088-00493600-00494100": "We do not buy the licenses or ask permission.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01089-00494100-00494400": "A few times in the last five decades companies have moved towards trying to", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01090-00494400-00495000": "say, you need a license to do it.  They have failed.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01091-00495000-00495400": "I'm thinking of Lotus V. BORland.  And at least, you know, in a practice", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01092-00495400-00495800": "in computer scientists and companies, universities, and open software teams,", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01093-00495800-00496100": "assume that we are free to reinvent each other's A. P.I.'s.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01094-00496100-00496700": "Suppose we couldn't do it anymore.  How would things change?", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01095-00496700-00496900": "I think it would be a sea change, and very briefly I think it would spike", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01096-00496900-00497500": "innovation.  I think many of the greatest", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01097-00497500-00497900": "innovations in the last few years have happened in the context of new", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01098-00497900-00498300": "platforms that were backward compatible with old ones, so think of people who", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01099-00498300-00498600": "learn their skills or have programs or whatever, that work with those old", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01100-00498600-00499000": "platforms and we could have them sort of take their skills and their", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01101-00499000-00499600": "software and their tools along and learn something new, do something new,", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01102-00499600-00500300": "enjoy it, and, you know, so we grew.  We stood on each others' shoulders, on", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01103-00500300-00500900": "the shoulders of giants.  I think it would be -- because of the", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01104-00500900-00501200": "fact that basically there would be all of this instruction involved in making", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01105-00501200-00501400": "software.  First, talk to your lawyer to see if", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01106-00501400-00501700": "you can even do this.  And often the lawyer would say, no,", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01107-00501700-00502200": "you can't.  We don't want to take the risk.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01108-00502200-00502500": "We can't defend it in court.  Big companies have big legal teams so", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01109-00502500-00503300": "they could defend themselves in court.  It would decrease consumer choice", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01110-00503300-00503700": "because a large quantity of the consumer choice comes from small", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01111-00503700-00504000": "companies.  Java is a huge ecosystem that includes", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01112-00504000-00504700": "Android and, you know, a ton of other things, by the way.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01113-00504700-00505100": "It includes Copland and it includes Scala.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01114-00505100-00505600": "Basically we, and by we I mean the broad group of computer scientists and", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01115-00505600-00506200": "developers, have been sort of adding to this ecosystem for the past 25 years.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01116-00506200-00506400": "And, you know, we did that under the assumption that it belongs to all of", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01117-00506400-00506800": "us.  When Oracle acquired java, they said,", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01118-00506800-00507300": "good, it belonged to us.  Almost done.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01119-00507300-00507900": "Right now, we develop things to work with other things, whereas if all of a", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01120-00507900-00508400": "sudden you couldn't reimp limit each other's A.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01121-00508400-00508800": "P.I.'s, you're going to get silos that will only work in other silos.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01122-00508800-00509000": "Things would not work with other silos.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01123-00509000-00509400": "And the devices will become less functional.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01124-00509400-00509700": "And when I said that things would become more expensive, I think that", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01125-00509700-00510200": "it's not just software because these days everything is software.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01126-00510200-00510600": "You buy a mixer or a toaster or a car, it's 80% software.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01127-00510600-00510900": "So if software getting more expensive, everything gets more expensive.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01128-00510900-00511400": ">> OK.  So one thing that I noticed and a few", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01129-00511400-00511700": "of the panelists have put in the chat is that among the things that the", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01130-00511700-00512400": "justices did not spend a lot of time asking questions about were the", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01131-00512400-00512800": "substantive fair use questions.  And I know some of the amici,", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01132-00512800-00513200": "including Bob and Cayman, part of your reason for participating, was to try", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01133-00513200-00513500": "to draw attention to the way the lower courts are treating the four factors", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01134-00513500-00513900": "in transformative use.  And you didn't get a lot of traction.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01135-00513900-00514300": "Bob, can I ask you first to --   why do you think that is?", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01136-00514300-00515100": "Why was there not as much engagement as you were hoping for?", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01137-00515100-00515800": "And you're on mute.  >> Sorry.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01138-00515800-00516800": "Actually, I looked at the transcript, and the word \"Campbell,\" the watershed", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01139-00516800-00517100": "case, came up twice, both uttered by Josh Rosencrantz.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01140-00517100-00517500": "No one on the court cited it.  I think it's an indication that the", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01141-00517500-00518200": "court believes that this is not fair use.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01142-00518200-00518700": "If they could look at the Stenovo, I think most of the justices --", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01143-00518700-00519200": "interesting, Justice Thomas asked about I think Tom Goldstein to give him an", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01144-00519200-00519500": "example of what would be transformative in the software context.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01145-00519500-00520200": "And Josh talked about reverse engineering.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01146-00520200-00520700": "Another indication I think that most of the justices believe that if they were", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01147-00520700-00521000": "viewing the Stenovo it would be fair use.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01148-00521000-00521200": "I know they are less clear about the standard of review issue, but I have", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01149-00521200-00521800": "-- again, I'm sure I'll generate disagreement.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01150-00521800-00522100": "But I have the sense that they think that if they were deciding the", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01151-00522100-00522300": "Stenovo, they would find clearly it was not fair use and didn't feel the need", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01152-00522300-00522700": "to ask about it.  >> OK.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01153-00522700-00523000": "And, John, you had asked to make a quick point.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01154-00523000-00523500": ">> Sure.  And this actually has a little bit", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01155-00523500-00524000": "toward about what Bob was just saying.  So what I found very interesting was,", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01156-00524000-00524500": "you know, when they complimented the briefs of the amici, but they only", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01157-00524500-00524700": "referred to briefs supporting Google.  Meaning they referred to the 83", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01158-00524700-00525200": "computer scientists.  They referred to Microsoft.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01159-00525200-00525700": "They talked to other industry briefs, software industry briefs, which I will", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01160-00525700-00526000": "take to mean my brief, but I don't know that for a fact, but I preferred it if", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01161-00526000-00526400": "they would have said it.  But, again, they -- and this is where", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01162-00526400-00526800": "I'll actually disagree a little bit with Pam.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01163-00526800-00527000": "I was actually -- and I almost never", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01164-00527000-00527400": "do.  But I was actually heartened for the", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01165-00527400-00527900": "fact that they didn't fall for sort of Oracle's smoke screen throughout this", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01166-00527900-00528100": "case talking about Harry to t Potter or talking about all software.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01167-00528100-00528700": "They really focused on the declarations.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01168-00528700-00529100": "And they seemed to understand that this was about declarations, about these,", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01169-00529100-00529600": "you know, what Tom Goldstein referred to as the connective tissue.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01170-00529600-00529900": "And so, you know, I was actually heartened by that, that they really", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01171-00529900-00530100": "focused on that.  And so I would actually disagree with", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01172-00530100-00530600": "Bob.  I think the fact that they didn't", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01173-00530600-00531000": "really get into the substance of fair use could be for exactly the opposite", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01174-00531000-00531400": "reason, because it was pretty obvious to them that this might be a fair use,", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01175-00531400-00532200": "but then they had to question, you know, what is the appropriate role for", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01176-00532200-00532600": "them to play with such a, you know, case where it's so obviously, you", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01177-00532600-00532900": "know, the -- you have the jury that made a decision, but then you have the", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01178-00532900-00533300": "federal circuit that reversed it.  And how do they sort of get themselves", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01179-00533300-00533600": "out of this mess.  >> Great.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01180-00533600-00534000": "Thanks.  So I want to first thank everyone for", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01181-00534000-00534400": "their patience.  I want to give Cayman a word here and", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01182-00534400-00534600": "let the audience know we are going to have a reception on Zoom.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01183-00534600-00534900": "We're going to put the link in the chat.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01184-00534900-00535300": "And we invite you to join us.  It's open to everyone.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01185-00535300-00535700": "And we're going to find a way to organize you into realistic", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01186-00535700-00536100": "conversation circles using the technology as best we can.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01187-00536100-00536600": "So for those of you who didn't get your question answered or --", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01188-00536600-00537000": "and I'm delighted that Michelle is with us.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01189-00537000-00537700": "Big fan of hers down in Anchorage.  And that's a real treat.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01190-00537700-00538100": "So thank you for being with us.Tahniat has put the link in and we'll be", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01191-00538100-00538400": "joining you there shortly.  But Cayman, any last sort of", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01192-00538400-00538900": "observations about the way the court is looking at this case and sort of", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01193-00538900-00539300": "bright lines versus multifactor, maybe we punt and do this on standard of", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01194-00539300-00539500": "review?  What is it looks like to you?", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01195-00539500-00539900": ">> Yeah.  I think just the one overall thought I", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01196-00539900-00540200": "had, and, you know, the court is often concerned with, you know, what will", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01197-00540200-00540500": "happen with the ruling.  But they seemed especially concerned", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01198-00540500-00541000": "today.  I think both sides have kind of made", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01199-00541000-00541500": "the sky is falling argument for lack of a better term that, you know, on", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01200-00541500-00541900": "Google's side, it's, you know, all sorts of software will be compromised,", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01201-00541900-00542200": "and that, you know, we won't have interoperatability.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01202-00542200-00542600": "Oracle is saying, you know, there is all sorts of copyrighted works that", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01203-00542600-00543100": "won't be created because of this.  And that's really often where the", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01204-00543100-00543600": "court looks to the A. G.'s office.  I think that you noticed that almost", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01205-00543600-00544400": "every question the justices had for the solicitor general was, you know, what", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01206-00544400-00544500": "is your view of how our decision will affect copyright law and software.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01207-00544500-00545000": "So I think that's a really important thing to watch.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01208-00545000-00545200": "And maybe the deciding factor, which way the government came down on the", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01209-00545200-00545600": "side of.  >> Great.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01210-00545600-00545800": "Thanks so much for that.  And I want to apologize again for the", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01211-00545800-00546300": "technical difficulty we had at the top.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01212-00546300-00547000": "There were a few questions, most of which got answered, and those that", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01213-00547000-00548000": "didn't I apologize for that.  But someone is saying the link to the", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01214-00548000-00548600": "Zoom isn't working so maybe let's just take a minute and make sure that that", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01215-00548600-00549100": "works.  Can we -- I know that the attendees", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01216-00549100-00549600": "cannot be seen but I will give my word of thanks to everybody.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01217-00549600-00550700": "Thank you for your participation.  Thanks for the discussion and thanks", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01218-00550700-00553700": "for your patience.  And Tahniat, while you -- sorry.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01219-00553900-00554600": "We're obviously having link issues.  While she does that, is anyone willing", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01220-00554600-00555200": "to hazard a guess on the outcome?  Anyone willing to count noses?", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01221-00555200-00556200": ">> Well, let me just say I saw, you know, three very solid votes for", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01222-00556200-00556700": "Google with Breyer, Sotomayor, and Cagan.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01223-00556700-00557500": "After that it's sort of a craps shoot.  You can interpret various questions", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01224-00557500-00558100": "and statements that Cavanagh and Gorsich and Roberts made that could be", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01225-00558100-00558500": "favoring Google, but harder to tell.  And then, you know, I would say Allito", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01226-00558500-00559400": "highly unlikely to support Google, much more likely to support Oracle.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01227-00559400-00559800": "And then Thomas unclear.  >> I was interested -- I mean, Justice", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01228-00559800-00560400": "Thomas is a texturtexturalist.  And if you think about the way that he", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01229-00560400-00560900": "dealt with sort of the useful articles and just sort of said, well, the test", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01230-00560900-00561300": "is what the statute says it is, and he did draw attention to 102b.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01231-00561300-00561600": "I wondered -- I mean, I agree it was open-ended.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01232-00561600-00562100": "I didn't see him leading in a particular direction.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01233-00562100-00562400": "But he seemed to be attracted to possibly hooking something into that", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01234-00562400-00562700": "language, and what I couldn't quite tell.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01235-00562700-00563000": "I don't know if anyone has any theories on that.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01236-00563000-00563400": ">> I think he might not have a firm position on that.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01237-00563400-00564000": "I mean, I found it very interesting that when we had a second round of", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01238-00564000-00564400": "questions for Tom Goldstein, which to my knowledge is the first time in", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01239-00564400-00564900": "these telephonic arguments there's been a second substantive round after the", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01240-00564900-00565600": "respondent has already taken a seat, they -- when that question came up,", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01241-00565600-00565900": "time came up Justice Thomas passed.  He was one of maybe two or three", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01242-00565900-00566300": "justices that passed on that round, which I thought was interesting.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01243-00566300-00566600": "He didn't try to hone in on some additional issue.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01244-00566600-00566800": "He again kept his cards close to the vest.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01245-00566800-00567100": ">> Great.  >> This is Andrew.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01246-00567100-00567500": "I don't want to engage in a nose count more than to say obviously I think", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01247-00567500-00568000": "Oracle is going to prevail.  But what I did want to say, and this", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01248-00568000-00568600": "goes to what Michael just said, you know, I was heartened by the fact that", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01249-00568600-00568900": "the justices were really engaged.  That there was an hour and a half's", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01250-00568900-00569400": "worth of argument.  They were really focused on this.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01251-00569400-00569600": "They gave it a ton of attention.  They obviously have really prepared", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01252-00569600-00570100": "for it.  And I thought it was great.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01253-00570100-00570400": "I thought that a lot of people who don't normally follow the court that", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01254-00570400-00570800": "much were paying attention because I thought it was actually -- I thought", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01255-00570800-00570900": "it was great.  I thought the advocates were great.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01256-00570900-00571200": "The justices were happy with the briefs.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01257-00571200-00571600": "I thought it was a really -- I thought it was really fun.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01258-00571600-00572000": "I thought it was really interesting.  I thought it was really, really", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01259-00572000-00572300": "wonderful.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01260-00572300-00572500": ">> Anyone else?  Pam, are you --", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01261-00572500-00572900": ">> Oh, sorry.  >> No, go ahead.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01262-00572900-00573700": ">> To sort of end where we started with, I think it would have been nice", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01263-00573700-00573900": "to have Justice Ginsberg on the bench, to see her views through the", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01264-00573900-00574100": "questioning.  I think that was a tremendous loss for", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01265-00574100-00574600": "the court.  And particularly, again, for a case", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01266-00574600-00575300": "like this where you don't split on ideological lines, you know, and it", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01267-00575300-00575700": "could go, you know, any which way, I think having her voice and having her", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01268-00575700-00575900": "views would have been very helpful in this case, especially for the nose", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01269-00575900-00577600": "counting.  But I will decline to actually count", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01270-00577600-00578300": "noses here, as I did before.  >> Pam, are you willing to hazard a", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01271-00578300-00579000": "guess?  Pam, you're muted.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01272-00579000-00580500": "And somebody else is unmuted.  >> OK.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01273-00580500-00581200": "So like John Band, I thought the questioning from Breyer, Cagan, and", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01274-00581200-00581700": "Sotomayor were -- and the kinds of metaphors they were drawing upon were", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01275-00581700-00582000": "the kinds of metaphors that would suggest that maybe this stuff is", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01276-00582000-00582700": "unprotectability.  I think -- unprotectible.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01277-00582700-00583300": "I think the jury issue is much more attractive to the other justices.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01278-00583300-00583800": "Regardless of whether Justice Ginsberg was on the court or not, Google has to", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01279-00583800-00584300": "get five votes.  Because otherwise it's basically the", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01280-00584300-00584500": "environment of the federal circuit.  And I think that's not what the", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01281-00584500-00584900": "software industry needs.  And so I think that the court will try", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01282-00584900-00585600": "to reach some resolution and will be trying to pay attention to the impact", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01283-00585600-00586100": "of its decision, not just for these two litigants but for the software", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01284-00586100-00586600": "industry more generally.  And I think if they read those briefs", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01285-00586600-00587100": "again from the industry players, I think that on the whole, they support", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01286-00587100-00587800": "Google more than they support Oraclein this case.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01287-00587800-00588500": ">> And we now have a question in the Q&A from Chad about the future of", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01288-00588500-00588900": "S.S.O. and whether the questions about the qwerty keyboard put the idea of", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01289-00588900-00589200": "copyright and structure sequence in organization at risk or not.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01290-00589200-00589600": "And I don't know if anyone has thoughts on that question.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01291-00589600-00590000": ">> Yeah.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01292-00590000-00590700": "I can -- yeah.  I thought that was an interesting line", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01293-00590700-00591200": "of questioning about, you know, I think it was from Justice Cagan, about honng", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01294-00591200-00591800": "in on the organizations with the analogy to the grocery store.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01295-00591800-00592400": "And, you know, I think she was expressing some skepticism about", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01296-00592400-00592800": "whether, you know, copyright protection even in literal code extends so far as", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01297-00592800-00593000": "to the organization.  And it's unclear to me, you know, how", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01298-00593000-00594000": "many votes there are for that proposition.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01299-00594000-00594500": "Given the fact that, you know, the idea of -- it's well established in every", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01300-00594500-00595000": "other area of copyright law.  But I do think it was from her some", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01301-00595000-00595400": "skepticism of that idea, of that doctrine in particular, would extend", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01302-00595400-00595800": "to the organization of the packages and the software packages.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01303-00595800-00596100": ">> So I want to actually weigh in just ariefly on the S.S.O.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01304-00596100-00596600": "issue.  One of the things that we said in our", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01305-00596600-00597700": "brief that I would hope that the court would acknowledge at some point is", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01306-00597700-00598100": "that S.S.O. is just proves too much.  As the second circuit said in the ulti", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01307-00598100-00598500": "decision, the idea that some nonliteral programs can be protected by copyright", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01308-00598500-00599000": "lawis something they could agree to.  But the terminology, sequence,", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01309-00599000-00599700": "structure and organization, would include many things that are", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01310-00599700-00600300": "unprotectible even by patent law.  So one of the things that I have been", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01311-00600300-00601400": "worried about with this kind of broad S.S.O. stuff is that in the era in", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01312-00601400-00601900": "which we are now, in which many structures for programs after Alice", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01313-00601900-00602300": "are unprotectible by patent law because they are too abstract.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01314-00602300-00602900": "All you have to do is call them S.S.O. in copyright land, and all of a sudden", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01315-00602900-00603600": "they seem to be protectable.  So, you know, in an ideal Supreme", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01316-00603600-00604100": "Court opinion in this particular case, they would say S.S.O. is not useful.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01317-00604100-00604500": "You have to be more precise.  And we want to make sure that", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01318-00604500-00605100": "copyright protection is not being used to give patent-like protection to", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01319-00605100-00605800": "elements of programs given that there are both patents on processes and", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01320-00605800-00606400": "methods that are embodied in programs and also some types of elements of", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01321-00606400-00607500": "software that are S.S.O., such as the algorithms that the court dealt with", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01322-00607500-00607700": "in the benson caseBenson case are just plain unprotectible.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01323-00607700-00608200": "So it seems to me that that's something that I would want the court to say.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01324-00608200-00608300": "And I think if they were thinking this through carefully that they would say", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01325-00608300-00609000": "that.  >> I think it's going to be really", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01326-00609000-00609300": "hard for the court to walk away from -- call it S.S.O.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01327-00609300-00609500": "if you want.  Call it selection and arrangement if", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01328-00609500-00610300": "you want.  That's the language that the Supreme", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01329-00610300-00610800": "Court used in Feist and it couldn't have been clearer in Feist that the", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01330-00610800-00611200": "protection of the selection and the arrangement of even uncopyrightable", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01331-00611200-00611800": "things is protected.  And unless they are going to draw a", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01332-00611800-00612300": "line just for software that's different than the line for all other literary", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01333-00612300-00612800": "works, I think it would be incredibly difficult to near impossible to get", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01334-00612800-00613300": "rid of copyright protection for sequence and organization and software", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01335-00613300-00613800": "and yet still keep protection of selection and arrangement in other", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01336-00613800-00614500": "literary work.  >> The selection and arrangement of", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01337-00614500-00614900": "headings and columns in Baker V. Seldon was not protectable, despite the fact", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01338-00614900-00615400": "that it was creative.  So the court's own precedent", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01339-00615400-00615600": "recognizes that sometimes the selection and arrangement of words is", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01340-00615600-00616200": "unprotectible.  There are a number of other cases that", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01341-00616200-00616500": "have followed that route, but I'm not going to go there anymore, so --", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01342-00616500-00617000": ">> All right.  So if you look in the chat, I just", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01343-00617000-00617300": "went into my Zoom account and created a meeting so we can -- I just got a", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01344-00617300-00618000": "notice that somebody is there in the waiting room.", "4iKkcMNWCYy-01345-00618000-00618200": "So I think our idea of being able to have a green room, which we still have"}}, {"audio_id": "4iTM_B-ffeY", "text": {"4iTM_B-ffeY-00000-00000000-00006200": "🌟 🇺🇸 Costumes Fiokov Glowing — Shop GrandStart.ru 🌟"}}, {"audio_id": "4j53sN30IFI", "text": {"4j53sN30IFI-00000-00000525-00000978": "As a veteran journalist even David Sanger did not see this headline coming", "4j53sN30IFI-00001-00000978-00001418": "Donald Trump wins the presidential election and not long after news of Russian hackers", "4j53sN30IFI-00002-00001418-00001741": "broke People who were unwilling to talk to us during", "4j53sN30IFI-00003-00001741-00002222": "the election because they thought they knew how it would turn out were suddenly willing", "4j53sN30IFI-00004-00002222-00002806": "to talk to us and tell a very different story once they say how it actually did turn out", "4j53sN30IFI-00005-00002836-00003365": "The New York Times National Security Correspondent came to Cal to speak on the issue of Russian", "4j53sN30IFI-00006-00003365-00003864": "hacking and its challenges to American democracy The speech is a part of the collaboration", "4j53sN30IFI-00007-00003864-00004355": "between the center for long term cyber security and School of Information The fact of the", "4j53sN30IFI-00008-00004356-00005054": "matter remains that cyber is the newest and in my mind the most exciting new realm in", "4j53sN30IFI-00009-00005076-00005656": "foriegn policy and national security studies Sanger was a member of the team that won the", "4j53sN30IFI-00010-00005656-00006244": "2017 Pulitzer prize for international reporting for his work on how the Russian hack unfolded", "4j53sN30IFI-00011-00006244-00006803": "He says cyber security changes the game as large and small world powers are on the offense", "4j53sN30IFI-00012-00006803-00007508": "And then there are countries like Russia who use cyber in such innovative ways that we", "4j53sN30IFI-00013-00007508-00008095": "did not see coming In more recent news Sanger says that the leaks at the DNC that later made", "4j53sN30IFI-00014-00008095-00008637": "its way to WikiLeaks website should be alarming Unlike Watergate he says intruders did not", "4j53sN30IFI-00015-00008637-00009168": "need to break through a door While we do not know yet if they influenced the outcome of", "4j53sN30IFI-00016-00009168-00009754": "the elction or any votes I think it is fair to say that what we have learned in the past", "4j53sN30IFI-00017-00009754-00010219": "year tells you that they probably did have greater inlfuence on the outcome than the", "4j53sN30IFI-00018-00010219-00010911": "Watergate burglars did in 1972 For one attendee the issue of hacking and elections hits home", "4j53sN30IFI-00019-00010911-00011403": "It has been all over the news for weeks and it is definitley a huge concern I am from", "4j53sN30IFI-00020-00011403-00012000": "Germany originally so there have been some links to that Russia could have been involved", "4j53sN30IFI-00021-00012000-00012683": "in trying to manipulate the German election so I think thats a huge issue for our democracy", "4j53sN30IFI-00022-00012683-00013152": "Here at the school of information Sanger says now the world faces a different problem How", "4j53sN30IFI-00023-00013152-00013584": "do we balance cyber freedom with cyberscurity?", "4j53sN30IFI-00024-00013594-00013880": "Reporting for CalTV News, Im Thomas Manglona"}}, {"audio_id": "4jVYIWqxxMQ", "text": {"4jVYIWqxxMQ-00000-00000045-00000179": "How to create the budget of your undertaking?", "4jVYIWqxxMQ-00001-00000189-00000346": "There is a simple table.", "4jVYIWqxxMQ-00002-00000356-00000458": "Expences on one side,", "4jVYIWqxxMQ-00003-00000468-00000570": "and revenues on the other.", "4jVYIWqxxMQ-00004-00000580-00000764": "There is the same rule to budget", "4jVYIWqxxMQ-00005-00000774-00000878": "meeting of the business club,", "4jVYIWqxxMQ-00006-00000888-00001040": "or to  conquer the British market.", "4jVYIWqxxMQ-00007-00001050-00001197": "Just two columns:", "4jVYIWqxxMQ-00008-00001207-00001318": "expenses and revenues.", "4jVYIWqxxMQ-00009-00001328-00001409": "You sum them up and see", "4jVYIWqxxMQ-00010-00001419-00001497": "if you make any profit,", "4jVYIWqxxMQ-00011-00001507-00001606": "or at least balance the budget.", "4jVYIWqxxMQ-00012-00001616-00001691": "An example?", "4jVYIWqxxMQ-00013-00001701-00001887": "Meeting of 30 entrepreneurs", "4jVYIWqxxMQ-00014-00001897-00002081": "Costs: Meeting room 500 PLN", "4jVYIWqxxMQ-00015-00002091-00002233": "Drinks and snacks 300 PLN", "4jVYIWqxxMQ-00016-00002243-00002377": "Expert's lecture 3000 PLN", "4jVYIWqxxMQ-00017-00002387-00002557": "Invitations and marketing 200 PLN", "4jVYIWqxxMQ-00018-00002567-00002647": "In total 4000 PLN", "4jVYIWqxxMQ-00019-00002657-00002778": "On the revenue side:", "4jVYIWqxxMQ-00020-00002788-00003103": "Participants' fees 110 PLN each: 3300 PLN", "4jVYIWqxxMQ-00021-00003113-00003462": "Money left over from the previous meeting 700 PLN", "4jVYIWqxxMQ-00022-00003472-00003653": "So the sum of revenues is also 4000.", "4jVYIWqxxMQ-00023-00003663-00003837": "This project's budget is balanced.", "4jVYIWqxxMQ-00024-00003847-00004044": "If more people would attend the club's meeting then", "4jVYIWqxxMQ-00025-00004054-00004176": "a small profit would be generated.", "4jVYIWqxxMQ-00026-00004186-00004401": "However in case less than 30 people would show up,", "4jVYIWqxxMQ-00027-00004411-00004762": "then would be safer to plan more expensive tickets, e.g. 150 PLN per person", "4jVYIWqxxMQ-00028-00004772-00005000": "The tool seems trivial.", "4jVYIWqxxMQ-00029-00005010-00005176": "However I meet many entrepreneurs", "4jVYIWqxxMQ-00030-00005186-00005371": "who don't like planing their budgets", "4jVYIWqxxMQ-00031-00005381-00005563": "and just take what life brings.", "4jVYIWqxxMQ-00032-00005573-00005762": "When their money flows in well,", "4jVYIWqxxMQ-00033-00005772-00005920": "then they might survive easily.", "4jVYIWqxxMQ-00034-00005930-00006278": "But usually businesses require prudent calculation of revenues and expenses.", "4jVYIWqxxMQ-00035-00006288-00006499": "The simple table presented today", "4jVYIWqxxMQ-00036-00006509-00006779": "is far better than lack of planning.", "4jVYIWqxxMQ-00037-00006789-00007084": "Plan, calculate, sum up and", "4jVYIWqxxMQ-00038-00007094-00007269": "thanks to that have a calmer job.", "4jVYIWqxxMQ-00039-00007279-00007673": "more at: www.fruga.net"}}, {"audio_id": "4jcZhvxAWZM", "text": {"4jcZhvxAWZM-00000-00000944-00001592": "it's okay it's okay pug we have like one and a half more to go i know it's hard okay", "4jcZhvxAWZM-00001-00001896-00002984": "hug hug you have to stop it's okay chill okay", "4jcZhvxAWZM-00002-00005128-00005178": "you"}}, {"audio_id": "4krBVEXrhhc", "text": {"4krBVEXrhhc-00000-00001304-00001816": "Veena Sahajwalla: Well, thank you very much for having me here today. I wanted to just", "4krBVEXrhhc-00001-00001816-00002494": "begin quickly by giving you a little bit of insight as to why I actually think that reviving", "4krBVEXrhhc-00002-00002494-00003032": "waste, bringing it back to life, is the way of the future. We talk about recycling, so", "4krBVEXrhhc-00003-00003032-00003540": "I'll tell you a little bit about what it actually means, how do we redefine our whole thinking", "4krBVEXrhhc-00004-00003540-00004011": "around recycling. And it is to do with bringing waste back to life.", "4krBVEXrhhc-00005-00004011-00004615": "So let's just try and understand why this is so important. I mean, we all are creatures", "4krBVEXrhhc-00006-00004615-00005182": "of our products and everything that we need to use, our electronic goods, the cars, the", "4krBVEXrhhc-00007-00005182-00005664": "materials that we have in our day-to-day lives, the basics, the clothing, the footwear, and", "4krBVEXrhhc-00008-00005664-00006129": "the list goes on and on. And of course, it's exciting. We all love it. But I think the", "4krBVEXrhhc-00009-00006129-00006731": "real challenge that it creates, which I find, actually, equally exciting, is how do we then", "4krBVEXrhhc-00010-00006731-00007368": "take the waste that it has created and, in fact, convert that into a resource, so we", "4krBVEXrhhc-00011-00007368-00007936": "don't, in fact, have this negative impact on our environment. Can we actually do that?", "4krBVEXrhhc-00012-00007936-00008686": "Can we actually achieve this utopia, where we can still go on? We depend upon our material", "4krBVEXrhhc-00013-00008686-00009245": "goods, but can we also do it without having this negative impact? And hopefully, one day,", "4krBVEXrhhc-00014-00009245-00009442": "we'll get there. We will absolutely get there.", "4krBVEXrhhc-00015-00009442-00010052": "In fact, the whole notion of using waste and looking at the value in it always excited", "4krBVEXrhhc-00016-00010052-00010527": "me. In a place like Mumbai, where I grew up, it was always an exciting sort of fact that", "4krBVEXrhhc-00017-00010527-00011038": "someone would actually come around and give you some money for all those empty bottles", "4krBVEXrhhc-00018-00011038-00011431": "that you could, in fact, collect. So for me, it didn't matter if it was all you'd get is", "4krBVEXrhhc-00019-00011431-00011834": "five paise. It was five P, and that's what was important to me.", "4krBVEXrhhc-00020-00011834-00012561": "So suddenly, this notion of waste connected to value was very exciting. So if you could,", "4krBVEXrhhc-00021-00012561-00013254": "in fact, attach some value to it, why would you waste the waste? Can we actually get to", "4krBVEXrhhc-00022-00013254-00013875": "the stage where nothing is, in fact, considered a waste? Well, of course, we all do our bit", "4krBVEXrhhc-00023-00013875-00014361": "about recycling, and the whole conventional notion of taking plastic, converting it to", "4krBVEXrhhc-00024-00014361-00014841": "plastic, the notion of taking a product like glass and converting it into glass, and steel", "4krBVEXrhhc-00025-00014841-00015379": "into steel, and so on, and we're all familiar with that. So what about those scenarios where", "4krBVEXrhhc-00026-00015379-00015965": "we still have a problem, where we still produce so much of waste that ends up in landfill?", "4krBVEXrhhc-00027-00015965-00016559": "The reality is that these types of materials are so complex, and we need to understand", "4krBVEXrhhc-00028-00016559-00016655": "and respect those.", "4krBVEXrhhc-00029-00016655-00017456": "But equally importantly, if we could find a way to use these types of resources as valuable", "4krBVEXrhhc-00030-00017456-00017987": "raw materials, as valuable inputs, and if we could re-conceive them as raw materials,", "4krBVEXrhhc-00031-00017987-00018501": "to manufacture completely different types of products, then, in fact, we would be in", "4krBVEXrhhc-00032-00018501-00019022": "a situation where, actually, nothing would be considered a waste. It would, in fact,", "4krBVEXrhhc-00033-00019022-00019634": "be such that everything could be seen as a valuable raw material, as a valuable starting", "4krBVEXrhhc-00034-00019634-00020257": "point for something else. So we could imagine a scenario where, in fact, a product could", "4krBVEXrhhc-00035-00020257-00020877": "end its life in one form, in one shape, and, of course, go on to become something completely", "4krBVEXrhhc-00036-00020877-00021329": "different. Well, how do you actually do that? If we could do that, though, we would never", "4krBVEXrhhc-00037-00021329-00021435": "really waste anything.", "4krBVEXrhhc-00038-00021435-00022050": "So, in fact, let's have a look at why waste is so complex. Yes, if you look at something", "4krBVEXrhhc-00039-00022050-00022704": "that we're all familiar with--a car--of course, in there, at the end of its life, a car, the", "4krBVEXrhhc-00040-00022704-00023131": "steel is recycled and it's converted into new steel, and that's all great. But just", "4krBVEXrhhc-00041-00023131-00023540": "think for a moment: what else do you have in there, other than steel, is you've got", "4krBVEXrhhc-00042-00023540-00024012": "a whole bunch of different types of plastics. All part of our daily life. I'm using plastic", "4krBVEXrhhc-00043-00024012-00024477": "as an example because, whether it's an industrial product, or whether it's something that we", "4krBVEXrhhc-00044-00024477-00024959": "touch in our daily lives, or something we just use at home, the reality is that that", "4krBVEXrhhc-00045-00024959-00025470": "is part of the challenge. We all love to use it, it's great, it's convenient, and we really", "4krBVEXrhhc-00046-00025470-00025622": "can't live without it.", "4krBVEXrhhc-00047-00025622-00026141": "The fact of the matter is that even in something like a car, we've got huge amounts of these", "4krBVEXrhhc-00048-00026141-00026613": "materials that are present. At the end of its life, the steel is recycled. The mixtures", "4krBVEXrhhc-00049-00026613-00027103": "of different kinds of plastics that are present in these types of automotive components, they", "4krBVEXrhhc-00050-00027103-00027633": "all end up in landfill. Why is that? Because it's a complex mixture. It's not just a straightforward", "4krBVEXrhhc-00051-00027633-00028188": "thing of saying, \"We'll just take this plastic, recycle it back as another plastic.\" You simply", "4krBVEXrhhc-00052-00028188-00028627": "can't do that economically, because of the fact that it's a complex mixture.", "4krBVEXrhhc-00053-00028627-00029087": "So how do we actually deal with this problem? I mean, if you can't think about that conventional", "4krBVEXrhhc-00054-00029087-00029784": "notion of recycling, could we actually think of it as, at the core of it, the basic elements", "4krBVEXrhhc-00055-00029784-00030200": "that are present in these types of materials? And if you ask, \"What are the basic elements", "4krBVEXrhhc-00056-00030200-00030949": "that are present, and how could we then reconfigure and use those raw materials to make something", "4krBVEXrhhc-00057-00030949-00031145": "completely different?\"", "4krBVEXrhhc-00058-00031145-00031758": "And here's a wild thought. If we could say, right, all of that waste plastics, if we could", "4krBVEXrhhc-00059-00031758-00032312": "actually use that and make steel out of it... I'm sure you're probably sitting there thinking,", "4krBVEXrhhc-00060-00032312-00032781": "\"Hang on. Plastic. Steel. They're nothing like each other. How on earth could you possibly", "4krBVEXrhhc-00061-00032781-00033383": "ever get to that point where you're starting to use a waste coming out of...?\" Plastic", "4krBVEXrhhc-00062-00033383-00033934": "looks different to steel. You look at it in cars, right? You've got steel and you've got", "4krBVEXrhhc-00063-00033934-00034321": "plastics, and if I put the two together, they're completely different. What's she on about?", "4krBVEXrhhc-00064-00034321-00035002": "The reality is that at the core of some of these types of materials--and I'll come to", "4krBVEXrhhc-00065-00035002-00035641": "that a little bit later--what is present at the elemental level is what we need to look", "4krBVEXrhhc-00066-00035641-00036074": "at. We need to look at how we might be able to break it down at that absolute, basic level.", "4krBVEXrhhc-00067-00036074-00036905": "And in fact, the fact is that between these two materials, however unlikely a match they", "4krBVEXrhhc-00068-00036905-00037502": "seem to be, the reality is that there are common elements. So, in fact, all I can say", "4krBVEXrhhc-00069-00037502-00037853": "is, when they are cold at room-temperature conditions, they look like they don't even", "4krBVEXrhhc-00070-00037853-00038038": "want to react and talk to each other.", "4krBVEXrhhc-00071-00038038-00038705": "So how could you use plastic in the process of making steel? Let me just tell you a little", "4krBVEXrhhc-00072-00038705-00039155": "secret. That's when things are cold, at room temperatures. This is what we're all used", "4krBVEXrhhc-00073-00039155-00039643": "to. You start to heat up these things, at high temperatures--things get really hot and", "4krBVEXrhhc-00074-00039643-00040277": "heavy now--that's when, actually, the chemical reactions start to happen.", "4krBVEXrhhc-00075-00040277-00040759": "So from the point of view of looking at it as a materials engineer, it's very exciting,", "4krBVEXrhhc-00076-00040759-00041340": "because you can say, \"Well, right, OK. That means if I can start to change conditions", "4krBVEXrhhc-00077-00041340-00041862": "under which I react these materials, I could actually look at a whole range of different", "4krBVEXrhhc-00078-00041862-00042316": "scenarios and possibilities.\" And I'll come to that in a minute, as to how we've managed", "4krBVEXrhhc-00079-00042316-00042793": "to achieve that in the context of these types of materials.", "4krBVEXrhhc-00080-00042793-00043193": "Another interesting example, of course, that we all are used to is rubber tires, right?", "4krBVEXrhhc-00081-00043193-00043808": "Whether it's tires coming out of cars or trucks, or planes for that matter, right? It's all", "4krBVEXrhhc-00082-00043808-00044038": "there in the wheels of it.", "4krBVEXrhhc-00083-00044038-00044591": "This beautiful picture, of course, illustrates that we have lots of it, all over the world.", "4krBVEXrhhc-00084-00044591-00045177": "How do we possibly take something like this, which is a resource--and notice, I want to", "4krBVEXrhhc-00085-00045177-00045690": "start calling it as a resource, because it is a resource, after all; it's too good to", "4krBVEXrhhc-00086-00045690-00046299": "be thrown away--but how do we actually find a way to use this type of waste resource and", "4krBVEXrhhc-00087-00046299-00046787": "put it into a manufacturing process where it actually becomes something value-added?", "4krBVEXrhhc-00088-00046787-00047244": "I mean, is it at all possible that we can have green technologies that are going to", "4krBVEXrhhc-00089-00047244-00047755": "be good for the environment and are going to lead to better economic outcomes?", "4krBVEXrhhc-00090-00047755-00048346": "I know it sounds all very much that sort of thing of, yes, it's all nice to do. The reality", "4krBVEXrhhc-00091-00048346-00048915": "is, I'll give you an example of one technology that actually shows that it is possible. That", "4krBVEXrhhc-00092-00048915-00049511": "means we are starting down this journey where we can start to look at development of technologies,", "4krBVEXrhhc-00093-00049511-00050014": "bringing together a whole range of different opportunities within the manufacturing sector.", "4krBVEXrhhc-00094-00050014-00050393": "And certainly, the example that I will give you is the world's first that has been developed", "4krBVEXrhhc-00095-00050393-00051071": "right here in Australia, and we have now implemented it to actually demonstrate that, yes, on a", "4krBVEXrhhc-00096-00051071-00051374": "commercial scale, this is very much possible.", "4krBVEXrhhc-00097-00051374-00051966": "So let me use the example of rubber tires and tell you how, indeed, we can achieve that.", "4krBVEXrhhc-00098-00051966-00052449": "We basically have used it in the process of making steel. And you might say, \"Well, really,", "4krBVEXrhhc-00099-00052449-00053157": "how do you use it in the process of making steel? And what's cappuccino got to do with", "4krBVEXrhhc-00100-00053157-00053633": "steel-making, again?\" So here we go with all these weird sort of connections. The reality", "4krBVEXrhhc-00101-00053633-00054059": "is that in the process of making steel, when you've got all of these amazing liquids that", "4krBVEXrhhc-00102-00054059-00054465": "are present at high temperatures--so you can see, in the picture, where it's glowing hot,", "4krBVEXrhhc-00103-00054465-00055003": "it's more than 1,500 degrees centigrade. So remember, I promised you that there is a scenario", "4krBVEXrhhc-00104-00055003-00055528": "at high-temperature conditions where this actually becomes quite a valuable raw material.", "4krBVEXrhhc-00105-00055528-00056205": "And I'll just start to play this example here, where I'm starting to compare the situation", "4krBVEXrhhc-00106-00056205-00056725": "where, of course, traditional materials--and it's a coal-based material that's used in", "4krBVEXrhhc-00107-00056725-00057148": "this process. You might say, \"Well, that's all good.\" What's happening here is you've", "4krBVEXrhhc-00108-00057148-00057654": "got, at high temperatures, chemical reaction that's taking place. So the base that is sitting", "4krBVEXrhhc-00109-00057654-00058212": "there is, in fact, a coal-based material, very much conventional technology. That's", "4krBVEXrhhc-00110-00058212-00058301": "normal practice.", "4krBVEXrhhc-00111-00058301-00058942": "And you might say, \"OK, well, it's all very sort of boring, old steel-making process.", "4krBVEXrhhc-00112-00058942-00059484": "Why are you showing us all of this?\" If you now go back and say, \"Well, actually, if this", "4krBVEXrhhc-00113-00059484-00059961": "is what's happening with coal-based carbon, could we look at these alternative resources", "4krBVEXrhhc-00114-00059961-00060474": "like that of rubber tires, which do contain carbon, and can we actually use that in the", "4krBVEXrhhc-00115-00060474-00060962": "process of making steel?\" Hey, look at what we've got to compare it against. The performance", "4krBVEXrhhc-00116-00060962-00061167": "is OK; it's not all of that crash hot.", "4krBVEXrhhc-00117-00061167-00061810": "So let's look at what happens when we actually introduce some amount of rubber, in fact,", "4krBVEXrhhc-00118-00061810-00062420": "in the blend. So now we've started to bring along rubber, and we've said this is a waste.", "4krBVEXrhhc-00119-00062420-00063003": "Same conditions, same temperatures, same scenario of reactions. And what actually gave us enormous", "4krBVEXrhhc-00120-00063003-00063413": "joy out of looking at all of these types of situations where high-temperature reactions", "4krBVEXrhhc-00121-00063413-00063907": "were occurring: one it showed us straight away is that the chemical reactions in this", "4krBVEXrhhc-00122-00063907-00064462": "instance were actually much, much more effective. You can see that this thing almost has a mind", "4krBVEXrhhc-00123-00064462-00064882": "of its own. It was starting to react, and it was actually telling us something even", "4krBVEXrhhc-00124-00064882-00065104": "before the data had been analyzed.", "4krBVEXrhhc-00125-00065104-00065586": "So we're now sitting in a whole different regime, where waste doesn't have to be thought", "4krBVEXrhhc-00126-00065586-00066250": "of as a waste. We could actually introduce things like waste rubber tires into a steel-making", "4krBVEXrhhc-00127-00066250-00066817": "process and achieve much better outcomes. So, of course, we knew that we were doing", "4krBVEXrhhc-00128-00066817-00067210": "the right thing for the environment, but the fact that it can, in fact, give you a better", "4krBVEXrhhc-00129-00067210-00067769": "process, and better, efficient process out of using these types of materials, is a great", "4krBVEXrhhc-00130-00067769-00068338": "win. Of course, I'll come back to it in just a minute, where I'll tell you how many different", "4krBVEXrhhc-00131-00068338-00068701": "tires we have, in fact, recycled in this process.", "4krBVEXrhhc-00132-00068701-00069131": "Now, another aspect, as I was mentioning to you earlier, that if you're actually making", "4krBVEXrhhc-00133-00069131-00069679": "steel, steel, under liquid conditions--remember, I said more than 1,500 degrees Celsius--it", "4krBVEXrhhc-00134-00069679-00070265": "needs iron and carbon. And carbon's an important alloying addition. So we said, \"Right, OK.", "4krBVEXrhhc-00135-00070265-00070801": "Well, let's see if we avoid using coal-based materials, and if we just took plastics.\"", "4krBVEXrhhc-00136-00070801-00071284": "Again, a lot of these types of waste materials contain the critical ingredient that we need", "4krBVEXrhhc-00137-00071284-00071475": "in the process of making steel, such as carbon.", "4krBVEXrhhc-00138-00071475-00072054": "And what are you doing? Quite simply, you're dissolving that carbon into liquid steel.", "4krBVEXrhhc-00139-00072054-00072608": "So these are high temperatures. Carbon is actually becoming part of the liquid steel,", "4krBVEXrhhc-00140-00072608-00073156": "and you're making that end product. As far as liquid steel is concerned, it doesn't matter", "4krBVEXrhhc-00141-00073156-00073723": "where that carbon came from. If it came from waste, if it came from coal-based carbon,", "4krBVEXrhhc-00142-00073723-00074216": "doesn't matter. As long as the end product meets the specifications, you still achieve", "4krBVEXrhhc-00143-00074216-00074725": "the right kind of outcome. The difference here is you've created a whole another possibility", "4krBVEXrhhc-00144-00074725-00075311": "of actually using waste resources as input into the manufacturing process.", "4krBVEXrhhc-00145-00075311-00075786": "So here we've demonstrated a couple of examples of how all of these things work in the lab,", "4krBVEXrhhc-00146-00075786-00076273": "and that's all very fascinating. So you might say, \"Well, that's all good. Works in the", "4krBVEXrhhc-00147-00076273-00076970": "lab: fantastic. Do we actually have an example of whether this can be possible in a real", "4krBVEXrhhc-00148-00076970-00077460": "steel-making environment?\" And the short answer to that question is, yes, it can be. In fact,", "4krBVEXrhhc-00149-00077460-00078005": "we've now taken this concept, and it's the world's first in terms of applying this innovative", "4krBVEXrhhc-00150-00078005-00078515": "idea into a commercial practice, and that's happened at OneSteel.", "4krBVEXrhhc-00151-00078515-00079012": "But it also, equally importantly, showed us that it wasn't just about recycling the waste,", "4krBVEXrhhc-00152-00079012-00079623": "but demonstrating the potential opportunities that we have, where we don't have to think", "4krBVEXrhhc-00153-00079623-00080151": "of it as a bad thing, as something that's not necessarily going to give us good outcomes.", "4krBVEXrhhc-00154-00080151-00080744": "In fact, quite the contrary. It ended up demonstrating that by using this type of waste resource,", "4krBVEXrhhc-00155-00080744-00081189": "we actually were able to get better performance out of this material.", "4krBVEXrhhc-00156-00081189-00081705": "So, I mean, who says it's a waste? Well, let's call it a waste, but let's remember that it's", "4krBVEXrhhc-00157-00081705-00082293": "a waste resource. And in fact, here is an example of how you can use these types of", "4krBVEXrhhc-00158-00082293-00082865": "waste resources and put it into a completely different application. Which means, at the", "4krBVEXrhhc-00159-00082865-00083468": "end of the day, there's no limit to how we reuse and how we, in fact, re-conceive these", "4krBVEXrhhc-00160-00083468-00083994": "types of materials as input materials for manufacturing processes.", "4krBVEXrhhc-00161-00083994-00084611": "The fact that we can take the science out of the labs and put that out into manufacturing", "4krBVEXrhhc-00162-00084611-00085214": "technologies in the real world just tells us, yes, there are a whole range of possible", "4krBVEXrhhc-00163-00085214-00085749": "scenarios that we haven't even started to think about, where we can take waste resources", "4krBVEXrhhc-00164-00085749-00086495": "and we can actually put that into real practice as very real raw materials, not just the token", "4krBVEXrhhc-00165-00086495-00087060": "thing of recycling waste, but really thinking about it as a viable raw material that has", "4krBVEXrhhc-00166-00087060-00087291": "got amazing outcomes.", "4krBVEXrhhc-00167-00087291-00087715": "So, at the end of the day, where are we headed to in all of this? Can we really ever get", "4krBVEXrhhc-00168-00087715-00088445": "to that point where we are looking at a future which is a zero-waste future? Can we actually", "4krBVEXrhhc-00169-00088445-00088911": "look at a whole range of different products that we are using in our day-to-day lives,", "4krBVEXrhhc-00170-00088911-00089467": "whether it's using sporting equipment that needs to be of special strength, or whether", "4krBVEXrhhc-00171-00089467-00089878": "we've got fabric materials with certain properties? It doesn't matter. The question is, can we", "4krBVEXrhhc-00172-00089878-00090564": "actually imagine that we can re-conceive a lot of our waste materials as valuable raw", "4krBVEXrhhc-00173-00090564-00090588": "materials?", "4krBVEXrhhc-00174-00090588-00091141": "And I certainly do believe that the future is there, just ready for us to take it on,", "4krBVEXrhhc-00175-00091141-00091713": "where we can, in fact, see a zero-waste future, where we are looking at giving new life to", "4krBVEXrhhc-00176-00091713-00092309": "waste materials, bringing it back up to life, looking at it as a viable alternative in the", "4krBVEXrhhc-00177-00092309-00092888": "future, and really looking at not talking about end-of-life disposal, which is what", "4krBVEXrhhc-00178-00092888-00093424": "we've been talking about. It's really, now, the future is saying, well, let's talk about", "4krBVEXrhhc-00179-00093424-00094033": "how we might be able to do end-of-life revival that's putting new life into these types of", "4krBVEXrhhc-00180-00094033-00094391": "materials, so nothing is a waste and everything is a resource. Thank you very much.", "4krBVEXrhhc-00181-00094391-00094791": "[applause]"}}, {"audio_id": "4kszAhaBQuM", "text": {"4kszAhaBQuM-00000-00000000-00000050": "RTX 3080 Benchmark @8K | i9 9900KF Assassins Creed Origins", "4kszAhaBQuM-00001-00000050-00000100": "RTX 3080 Benchmark @8K | i9 9900KF Assassins Creed Origins", "4kszAhaBQuM-00002-00000100-00000300": "RTX 3080 Benchmark @8K | i9 9900KF Assassins Creed Origins"}}, {"audio_id": "4kAdZbgGVmM", "text": {"4kAdZbgGVmM-00000-00001486-00001650": "Pick up the quest from Jasper Fel", "4kAdZbgGVmM-00001-00001982-00002366": "Travel north into Admiral Taylor's Garrison at coordinates 39, 49", "4kAdZbgGVmM-00002-00004160-00004460": "Turn in the quest to Jasper Fel, and accept the next quest.", "4kAdZbgGVmM-00003-00004912-00005060": "Kill Spectral Laborers", "4kAdZbgGVmM-00004-00005060-00005503": "and Restless Foreman around the outside of Taylor's Garrison until you have looted", "4kAdZbgGVmM-00005-00005503-00005630": "'Bryan Finn's Schematic.'", "4kAdZbgGVmM-00006-00009334-00009730": "Once you have the schematic, return to Bryan Finn to turn in the item and quest.", "4kAdZbgGVmM-00007-00010966-00011228": "Pick up the next quest and enter Taylor's Garrison", "4kAdZbgGVmM-00008-00011229-00011680": "and attack mobs inside to retrieve the 6 Spectral Essences.", "4kAdZbgGVmM-00009-00018248-00018808": "Once done, enter the inn at 37, 51, go upstairs and click on Alice Finn,", "4kAdZbgGVmM-00010-00018809-00019299": "laying down on a bed, and select \"Show the spectral essences to Alice.\"", "4kAdZbgGVmM-00011-00019610-00019870": "Pick up the next quest stage, and go to the basement of the Inn", "4kAdZbgGVmM-00012-00019870-00020038": "and kill Watch Commander Branson.", "4kAdZbgGVmM-00013-00022127-00022438": "Go to the top of the stairs to turn in the quest to Alice Finn, and accept", "4kAdZbgGVmM-00014-00022438-00022538": "the \"Second in Command.\"", "4kAdZbgGVmM-00015-00022952-00023232": "Exit the Inn and travel to the Barracks at 37, 53.", "4kAdZbgGVmM-00016-00023812-00024070": "Turn in this quest and pick up \"Punishable by Death\"", "4kAdZbgGVmM-00017-00024070-00024414": "from Sir Edward, and pick up \"Prime the Cannons\" from Lady Claudia.", "4kAdZbgGVmM-00018-00026700-00027000": "Exit the Barracks, and loot 10 Armory Cannonball in the area,", "4kAdZbgGVmM-00019-00027000-00027370": "and also click on the 'Armory Cannon' in front of the Town Hall.", "4kAdZbgGVmM-00020-00028846-00029140": "While completing this step of quest chain, kill 6 traitors.", "4kAdZbgGVmM-00021-00034581-00034914": "When finished, turn in both quests inside Taylor's Barracks,", "4kAdZbgGVmM-00022-00034914-00035128": "and accept \"Admiral Taylor.\"", "4kAdZbgGVmM-00023-00035428-00035912": "Exit the Barracks and turn left, traveling to coordinates 36, 56.", "4kAdZbgGVmM-00024-00039214-00039648": "Wait for Admiral Taylor to turn into Soulscythe, and then kill it, and then Ephial.", "4kAdZbgGVmM-00025-00041188-00041402": "Turn in the quest to an undead Admiral Taylor.", "4kAdZbgGVmM-00026-00043504-00043770": "If you like this video, thumbs up and subscribe."}}, {"audio_id": "4kOS3Ojok38", "text": {}}, {"audio_id": "4lpRLXdSW98", "text": {"4lpRLXdSW98-00000-00000418-00000836": "One morning in 2010, my life completely changed.", "4lpRLXdSW98-00001-00000836-00001198": "The most important trip and also probably the one that got me into trouble was in 2002", "4lpRLXdSW98-00002-00001198-00001576": "to go to Palestine.", "4lpRLXdSW98-00003-00001576-00001676": "It was really hard.", "4lpRLXdSW98-00004-00001676-00002332": "My parents really actually believed in intervention and they really believed that we needed more", "4lpRLXdSW98-00005-00002332-00002562": "guns and more weapons.", "4lpRLXdSW98-00006-00002562-00003215": "Meanwhile my, I remember, my childhood bedroom was right next to my grandmother’s bedroom", "4lpRLXdSW98-00007-00003215-00003619": "and she would have these nightmares because of the war.", "4lpRLXdSW98-00008-00003619-00004039": "My name is Anh Pham and I was born in Saigon, Vietnam right at the fall of South Vietnam", "4lpRLXdSW98-00009-00004039-00005317": "and I guess I would mostly identify as Vietnamese-American, and activist, immigrant, feminist.", "4lpRLXdSW98-00010-00005317-00005961": "When the U.S. war in Vietnam ended literally one morning in April we were told at 10 in", "4lpRLXdSW98-00011-00005961-00006464": "the morning that you had a few hours to get on the boat at 1 in the afternoon.", "4lpRLXdSW98-00012-00006464-00006833": "And to make a long story short, most of us got on the boat.", "4lpRLXdSW98-00013-00006833-00007153": "The Lutherans in Minnesota were being told to sponsor these Vietnamese people.", "4lpRLXdSW98-00014-00007153-00007681": "So, we were told that we could go to the state called Minnesota, which we had never heard", "4lpRLXdSW98-00015-00007681-00007995": "of before, or we could wait indefinitely for a spot in California, so we chose Minnesota.", "4lpRLXdSW98-00016-00007995-00009028": "At home, we never talked about the war, and to me that was a sign in and of itself because", "4lpRLXdSW98-00017-00009028-00009489": "the scars of the war, the hurt from the war, touched my family.", "4lpRLXdSW98-00018-00009489-00010047": "So I was involved in Amnesty International in high school and Amnesty was a group that", "4lpRLXdSW98-00019-00010047-00010393": "actually, in my high school, that organized protests around the Persian Gulf War.", "4lpRLXdSW98-00020-00010393-00010940": "We were literally just sitting here in the lobby, taking over our school lobby, and everybody", "4lpRLXdSW98-00021-00010940-00011397": "who went to school that day could not avoid thinking about it.", "4lpRLXdSW98-00022-00011397-00011807": "The people who were the counter protesters would say things like, “If I could, I would", "4lpRLXdSW98-00023-00011807-00011938": "go fight right away.”", "4lpRLXdSW98-00024-00011938-00012295": "And it was like they were glorifying this act of war.", "4lpRLXdSW98-00025-00012295-00012931": "As a person whose family was touched very directly, nobody should glorify the act of", "4lpRLXdSW98-00026-00012931-00013031": "war.", "4lpRLXdSW98-00027-00013031-00013673": "We were moving towards the mid to late 90s and we were looking at intervention in the", "4lpRLXdSW98-00028-00013673-00013787": "Persian Gulf again.", "4lpRLXdSW98-00029-00013787-00014312": "So I started to go to Anti-War Committee meetings to work around that issue.", "4lpRLXdSW98-00030-00014312-00015068": "I think some of the most memorable ones was doing a civil disobedience at the Federal", "4lpRLXdSW98-00031-00015068-00015943": "Building where I think we had 73 people to having a march of, I would say, 15,000 people", "4lpRLXdSW98-00032-00015943-00016176": "marching onto the capitol.", "4lpRLXdSW98-00033-00016176-00016731": "And it was part of a worldwide movement of marches and protests saying we don’t want", "4lpRLXdSW98-00034-00016731-00016831": "another war.", "4lpRLXdSW98-00035-00016831-00017220": "With the Anti-War Committee, the most important trip and also probably the one that got me", "4lpRLXdSW98-00036-00017220-00017740": "into trouble was in 2002 to go to Palestine.", "4lpRLXdSW98-00037-00017740-00018612": "To be able to go into Gaza, to see what really happened, to be able to go into Jenin four", "4lpRLXdSW98-00038-00018612-00019246": "months after the massacre, to be in Ramallah and actually see the [Arafat] compound and", "4lpRLXdSW98-00039-00019246-00019401": "see what happened.", "4lpRLXdSW98-00040-00019401-00020086": "You know, and then shortly afterwards, to see the devastation of September 11th in New", "4lpRLXdSW98-00041-00020086-00020671": "York City and to see that, that’s Gaza everyday.", "4lpRLXdSW98-00042-00020671-00021140": "One morning in 2010, my life completely changed.", "4lpRLXdSW98-00043-00021140-00021576": "Around 7 in the morning, there was a knock at our door, a really loud knock.", "4lpRLXdSW98-00044-00021576-00022121": "My husband went downstairs to check on the door and told me that the FBI were there to", "4lpRLXdSW98-00045-00022121-00022221": "see me.", "4lpRLXdSW98-00046-00022221-00022500": "And so I asked them if they had a warrant, they said they did.", "4lpRLXdSW98-00047-00022500-00022941": "Literally searched through everything, underwear drawers, looking for photo albums, books,", "4lpRLXdSW98-00048-00022941-00023262": "and nothing was left untouched.", "4lpRLXdSW98-00049-00023262-00023855": "And the creepy thing, they knew the layout of our place so it was very clear that somebody", "4lpRLXdSW98-00050-00023855-00024465": "had been in my house before and had told them what to look for.", "4lpRLXdSW98-00051-00024465-00025212": "But in terms of the process since then, overwhelmingly people stepped up and stood with me and with", "4lpRLXdSW98-00052-00025212-00025312": "us.", "4lpRLXdSW98-00053-00025312-00025754": "And I’m convinced that so many of us wouldn’t be here today.", "4lpRLXdSW98-00054-00025754-00026173": "Literally prepared to have to spend some time in a jail cell for not testifying because", "4lpRLXdSW98-00055-00026173-00026816": "there was no way I was going to give them any information, because there was no information.", "4lpRLXdSW98-00056-00026816-00027140": "But that trip is one of the most important things I’ve ever done in my life and I don’t", "4lpRLXdSW98-00057-00027140-00027293": "regret it for a minute.", "4lpRLXdSW98-00058-00027293-00027905": "All of this ugliness that’s happening, you know with what’s happening with Rasmea,", "4lpRLXdSW98-00059-00027905-00028788": "with what’s happening in Gaza, to still see the laughter and the spirit of the people", "4lpRLXdSW98-00060-00028788-00028888": "in Palestine.", "4lpRLXdSW98-00061-00028888-00029095": "That’s why we have to keep working.", "4lpRLXdSW98-00062-00029095-00029690": "When I’ve met Vietnamese people from Vietnam, and they’re just like, we knew that in the", "4lpRLXdSW98-00063-00029690-00030399": "belly of the beast we have sisters and brothers as well.", "4lpRLXdSW98-00064-00030399-00030987": "And that means a lot to me, that internationally all around the world we are a sisterhood,", "4lpRLXdSW98-00065-00030987-00031327": "we are a brotherhood of people who are standing for human rights."}}, {"audio_id": "4lYRQKHnPoy", "text": {"4lYRQKHnPoy-00000-00000008-00000336": "you see this is the kind of attitude that we Christians will face", "4lYRQKHnPoy-00001-00000392-00001192": "when Muslims dominate this is the kind of attitude that we Christians will face when Muslims dominate", "4lYRQKHnPoy-00002-00001192-00002072": "let us be clear if this man that you saw on camera islam instructs that he should be killed", "4lYRQKHnPoy-00003-00002632-00002896": "the hate speech in the Quran because", "4lYRQKHnPoy-00004-00003344-00004112": "and to those good Muslims i say that if you're condemning the practices of your own religion", "4lYRQKHnPoy-00005-00004176-00004904": "leave it stand up for yourselves Christians find your balls and start speaking up", "4lYRQKHnPoy-00006-00004904-00005784": "for your brothers and sisters around the world"}}, {"audio_id": "4m4CsGmNSf8", "text": {"4m4CsGmNSf8-00000-00000000-00000394": "Hello, I'm Amanda B. Johnson, and you are watching DASH: Detailed.", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00001-00000944-00001242": "The most-recent Dash treasury payouts included a proposal", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00002-00001242-00001617": "from newcomer Rion Gull. The proposal was", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00003-00001617-00001961": "for funding and support of a new Github", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00004-00001961-00002280": "repository entitled “Dash Community”. And", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00005-00002280-00002628": "it just so happens that Rion lives quite near me.", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00006-00002734-00003077": "So here I am on location with", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00007-00003077-00003521": "you, Rion Gull, in your apartment. Can", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00008-00003521-00003669": "I say how me met?", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00009-00003669-00003947": "Sure. Because this is interesting. Because", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00010-00003947-00004266": "I got a message about a month and a half", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00011-00004266-00004536": "ago from this person named Rion and he", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00012-00004536-00004875": "was like, hey I heard you live near Salt", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00013-00004875-00005151": "Lake City – there are Dash people around", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00014-00005151-00005409": "here, would you like to meet up? And we", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00015-00005409-00005705": "have been having a weekly Dash meetup", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00016-00005705-00005903": "ever since, which might make us the", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00017-00005903-00006117": "longest-running and first regularly-", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00018-00006117-00006303": "meeting Dash meetup in the world, would", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00019-00006303-00006561": "you say? You probably know better than I", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00020-00006561-00006903": "do but I haven't heard of any others, so... I", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00021-00006903-00007070": "haven't either, so I think that we can", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00022-00007070-00007322": "safely lay claim to that title. It's been a", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00023-00007322-00007415": "couple months right?", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00024-00007415-00007595": "It has. I guess maybe almost two months.", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00025-00007595-00007850": "Yeah, I think so. Yeah. So, the reason I wanted", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00026-00007850-00008072": "to talk to you today Rion is because", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00027-00008072-00008340": "you have quite recently joined the ranks", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00028-00008340-00008675": "of people getting Dash blockchain", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00029-00008675-00008910": "payouts, basically. You are a new Dash", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00030-00008910-00009324": "contractor. And your proposal was", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00031-00009324-00009668": "entitled, “Dash Community”, which doesn't", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00032-00009668-00009890": "give us a lot of information so I wanted", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00033-00009890-00010209": "to get with you here in person to get", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00034-00010209-00010560": "that information. So, to begin with,", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00035-00010560-00010920": "tell us about yourself. How did you even –", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00036-00010920-00011142": "how did you even hear about Dash and", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00037-00011142-00011421": "when? I always want to know that. So I got", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00038-00011421-00011594": "into Bitcoin in", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00039-00011594-00011952": "in early 2013, I have somewhat of...", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00040-00011958-00012560": "Me too! Haha... somewhat of libertarian roots. I do like", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00041-00012560-00012847": "these cryptocurrency projects but I – like", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00042-00012847-00013112": "many other people – saw Bitcoin was kind", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00043-00013112-00013394": "of floundering. And lots of debates and", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00044-00013394-00013616": "discussions I actually came across – I", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00045-00013616-00013796": "think I was first introduced to Dash", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00046-00013796-00014183": "through your channel, the... what was it", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00047-00014183-00014399": "called again? The Daily Decrypt yo!", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00048-00014399-00014713": "The Daily Decrypt. Yes, so I was looking at that and I", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00049-00014713-00014876": "thought that Dash had some very", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00050-00014876-00015182": "compelling aspects to it. And so I kind of", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00051-00015182-00015619": "jumped ship. And as it relates to this", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00052-00015619-00015953": "project – as I was getting into Dash,", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00053-00015953-00016103": "I, you know, I wanted to set-up a", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00054-00016103-00016478": "masternode. So I made a – wrote", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00055-00016478-00016766": "down my notes of how I was doing it so", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00056-00016766-00016985": "that others could follow. And that", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00057-00016985-00017216": "kind of – just my process of getting into", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00058-00017216-00017588": "Dash was what made this project. Because", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00059-00017588-00017825": "I found that,", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00060-00017825-00018029": "oh, I don't exactly know how to setup a", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00061-00018029-00018218": "masternode and there's these guides but", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00062-00018218-00018437": "I'd like to tweak them a little bit. And", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00063-00018437-00018719": "I'd like to, you know, share that. As far", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00064-00018719-00019205": "as my background goes, I'm an", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00065-00019205-00019523": "engineer. I used to do energy efficiency", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00066-00019523-00019781": "consulting for about eight years. And so", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00067-00019781-00020057": "that was my – that was my career before", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00068-00020057-00020348": "getting into what I'm now going into,", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00069-00020348-00020615": "hich is programming. So I've just – I've been", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00070-00020615-00020780": "teaching myself to program for the", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00071-00020780-00021014": "past two or three years. Specifically", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00072-00021014-00021388": "aimed at promoting cryptocurrencies and", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00073-00021388-00022003": "being able to make projects, applications,", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00074-00022003-00022417": "hat assist in Dash or Bitcoin or", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00075-00022417-00022600": "anything else.", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00076-00022600-00022792": "I just thought that this is my passion", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00077-00022792-00023014": "and I'm going to switch careers and I'm just", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00078-00023014-00023182": "going to teach myself how to program. So", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00079-00023182-00023467": "I'm kind of like a junior full-stack", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00080-00023467-00023599": "developer you could say.", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00081-00023599-00024001": "JavaScript. So anything", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00082-00024001-00024289": "JavaSript related I can tackle with", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00083-00024289-00024511": "enough time. And I plan on doing that –", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00084-00024511-00024781": "I plan on writing SM applications for", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00085-00024781-00025177": "Dash. And this was the platform that I", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00086-00025177-00025519": "wanted to create as a prerequisite for my", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00087-00025519-00025729": "own projects. To your own contributions? Ah-huh.", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00088-00025729-00026044": "Will you please give us an overview of", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00089-00026044-00026299": "what it is that your proposal seeks to", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00090-00026299-00026785": "do? So, what the proposal seeks to do is", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00091-00026785-00027187": "provide a place for general Joes like", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00092-00027187-00027558": "me and you to have a place to host things", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00093-00027558-00027811": "that are Dash related. So whether that's a", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00094-00027811-00028170": "guide or a blog post or, probably what it", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00095-00028170-00028402": "will eventually be turning into more –", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00096-00028402-00028837": "hopefully – is code repositories for", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00097-00028837-00029122": "projects that are Dash related. And I", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00098-00029122-00029370": "wanted to kind of put the blogs and the", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00099-00029370-00029689": "guides up – front-load it with those two", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00100-00029689-00030067": "subjects, just to give the idea that it's", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00101-00030067-00030352": "not just coders that can participate in", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00102-00030352-00030649": "this. I think one of the most-important", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00103-00030649-00031006": "things with these projects is the ideas", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00104-00031006-00031261": "behind them. And so, that can be conveyed", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00105-00031261-00031470": "through blog posts. And I think that's", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00106-00031470-00031651": "one of the most-important things in the", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00107-00031651-00031977": "cryptocurrency space, is getting ideas,", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00108-00031977-00032155": "sharing ideas with each other. And", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00109-00032155-00032528": "sharing guides on how to do stuff. And", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00110-00032528-00032789": "so, I thought that was a good place to put", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00111-00032789-00033131": "those. And it's also a supplement to the", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00112-00033131-00033333": "Dashpay repository. So, that's the main", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00113-00033333-00033581": "repository where the Dash code is hosted", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00114-00033581-00033971": "and that's, you know, you really do have", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00115-00033971-00034227": "to be a super-awesome programmer to be", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00116-00034227-00034439": "part of that community, or part of that", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00117-00034439-00034694": "organization. Specifically, Github", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00118-00034694-00034925": "organization. I'm not really even sure", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00119-00034925-00035208": "ow one gets to be part of that.", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00120-00035208-00035381": "There is an onboarding process I'm sure,", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00121-00035381-00035906": "that Even would be able to answer. But this is", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00122-00035906-00036209": "a lighter-weight way to get involved in", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00123-00036209-00036488": "the project. So as you say, you've front-", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00124-00036488-00036866": "loaded it with blog posts and guides and", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00125-00036866-00037136": "you're hoping that eventually software", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00126-00037136-00037430": "programs are also hosted there.", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00127-00037430-00037769": "Why do you think that there was a need", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00128-00037769-00038280": "and a space for guides and blog posts to", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00129-00038280-00038652": "be hosted elsewhere with – with existing", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00130-00038652-00038864": "places that they're hosted? Like for", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00131-00038864-00039113": "example, some people post blogs on Medium", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00132-00039113-00039624": "and there are guides listed on the Dashpay", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00133-00039624-00039896": "Atlassian – like the wiki basically –", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00134-00039896-00040250": "why did you see space for another thing?", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00135-00040250-00040443": "I'm sure I could have got in contact", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00136-00040443-00040937": "with some of the – the core contributors", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00137-00040937-00041462": "that maintain the Atlassian page. But I", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00138-00041462-00041750": "just – I know how to write a guide, and so", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00139-00041750-00041939": "I just did. And I needed a place to host", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00140-00041939-00042086": "it and originally I was hosting my own", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00141-00042086-00042305": "guides that I was just writing, because I knew", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00142-00042305-00042509": "that other people would want to know how", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00143-00042509-00042797": "to setup a masternode. And I wanted a", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00144-00042797-00042974": "bit of a different type of guide,", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00145-00042974-00043178": "and so originally I was just hosting it", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00146-00043178-00043451": "n my own Github page. And then I", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00147-00043451-00043683": "decided, you know, if anybody", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00148-00043683-00043943": "else just cares about this, then might as", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00149-00043943-00044193": "well have a better place than my own", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00150-00044193-00044296": "personal Github", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00151-00044296-00044566": "account to host these Dash related", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00152-00044566-00044848": "projects. And so, now that I made this,", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00153-00044848-00045109": "other people can also join, and put their", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00154-00045109-00045451": "things up. Personally, as you said, you very", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00155-00045451-00045625": "accurately referred to me as an “average", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00156-00045625-00045811": "Joe” – I don't know if it's so accurate to", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00157-00045811-00046027": "refer to you as an “average Joe” because", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00158-00046027-00046261": "the average Joe definitely does not feel", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00159-00046261-00046480": "comfortable with Github. Github is", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00160-00046480-00047074": "definitely a foreign land where you're not", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00161-00047074-00047191": "quite sure where to go,", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00162-00047191-00047359": "not quite sure what all", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00163-00047359-00047623": "this weirdness is, so landing at the", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00164-00047624-00048088": "DashCommunity.Github.io is like a way to not", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00165-00048088-00048484": "see any of Github's normal setup. Where", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00166-00048484-00048829": "it's like – blah, blah, blah, pulls, like pull", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00167-00048829-00049171": "requests, and issues. And things that", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00168-00049171-00049384": "a non-programmer has definitely never", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00169-00049384-00049738": "heard of. So the top resource on the", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00170-00049738-00050038": "landing page is about proposals. And you", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00171-00050038-00050275": "have like a very – you have templates", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00172-00050275-00050554": "basically for people who want to put", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00173-00050554-00050815": "a proposal into Dash's treasury system.", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00174-00050815-00051112": "You have both a simple template and an", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00175-00051112-00051262": "advanced template.", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00176-00051262-00051577": "Why did you make these? What causes you", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00177-00051577-00051907": "to think that you – I mean, where did you", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00178-00051907-00052061": "get the idea to make templates for", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00179-00052061-00052369": "proposals basically? Well, first of all I", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00180-00052369-00052576": "should say that I'm not the only one", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00181-00052576-00052750": "that's made templates for proposals.", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00182-00052750-00053008": "There are templates that are made", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00183-00053008-00053222": "by other people that are hosted on the", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00184-00053222-00053579": "Atlassian page and... I did not know that. ...other pages as well. I", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00185-00053579-00053729": "don't think that they're getting used", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00186-00053729-00053833": "very much.", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00187-00053833-00054100": "They're separate documents. So it's like", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00188-00054100-00054352": "in a Word document I think, is the format.", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00189-00054352-00054568": "So you download the template, you'd fill in", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00190-00054568-00054856": "the template on your own computer, and", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00191-00054856-00055187": "then you would convert that to a .pdf, and", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00192-00055187-00055448": "then you'd upload the .pdf to a site like", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00193-00055448-00055786": "the Dash Central and you would upload that.", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00194-00055786-00056263": "I thought that that was a few too many steps and", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00195-00056263-00056670": "wasn't customizable enough. So I made", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00196-00056670-00057085": "templates. Basically I just – I had a", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00197-00057085-00057339": "proposal. I have this proposal, and", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00198-00057339-00057499": "then I have other proposals in mind that", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00199-00057499-00057739": "I might want to submit in the future. And", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00200-00057739-00057898": "I didn't want to go through the process", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00201-00057898-00058138": "again of creating a template. So I just", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00202-00058138-00058285": "created the templates and then the next", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00203-00058285-00058444": "proposal that I write will be much", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00204-00058444-00058663": "easier because I'll have a template. And", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00205-00058663-00058936": "I figured, huh, other people might want to use", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00206-00058936-00059194": "the template as well. That's – the", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00207-00059194-00059335": "fundamental difference is you don't", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00208-00059335-00059641": "download a file and create a .pdf", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00209-00059641-00060013": "and upload the .pdf you just use the", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00210-00060013-00060394": "template, edit the content and then it's", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00211-00060394-00060499": "already online.", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00212-00060499-00060757": "It's in an online format. It's in", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00213-00060757-00061032": "markdown format which is kind of a scary", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00214-00061032-00061486": "term but it's just a way of writing", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00215-00061486-00061816": "documents that's kind of an industry standard.", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00216-00061825-00062070": "Ok. So it'd be, instead of a .doc", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00217-00062070-00062464": "file it's a .md  file. As we've talked", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00218-00062464-00062761": "about, you have like the templates for", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00219-00062761-00063054": "making proposals, you have some nice", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00220-00063054-00063351": "guides for launching masternodes, etc., etc.", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00221-00063351-00063720": "And as you had mentioned, the", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00222-00063720-00064204": "hoped-for growth in this repository is", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00223-00064204-00064407": "for like, software to live", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00224-00064407-00064770": "also. What kind of software could this be?", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00225-00064770-00065094": "That's a big question.", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00226-00065094-00065323": "One of the unique things that I see", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00227-00065323-00065836": "about Dash is the ability to get funding", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00228-00065836-00066085": "from the masternode system, the budget", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00229-00066085-00066289": "system, the treasury as you", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00230-00066289-00066337": "call it.", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00231-00066337-00066651": "Yes, there you go. It has some interesting", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00232-00066651-00066939": "possibilities where you could have", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00233-00066939-00067339": "projects that are related to Dash but", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00234-00067339-00067747": "they are not part of the core Dash", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00235-00067747-00068052": "software. So one thing that I could", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00236-00068052-00068386": "think of would be something like", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00237-00068386-00068773": "a directory of merchants. I know it's", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00238-00068773-00068992": "part of the – it's going to be part of the core", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00239-00068992-00069298": "proposal but some kind of website that", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00240-00069298-00069619": "is supposed to serve Dash in some way.", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00241-00069619-00069805": "Just any kind of website or any kind of", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00242-00069805-00070255": "application that serves a Dash need. That", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00243-00070255-00070519": "could be potentially funded by the", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00244-00070519-00070857": "masternode system and instead of being", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00245-00070857-00071208": "a for-profit project, the funding just", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00246-00071208-00071451": "comes from the Dash masternode system", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00247-00071451-00071806": "and then the expense – that's, that serves", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00248-00071806-00072193": "the need of the programmers and then you", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00249-00072193-00072487": "don't really need it to have advertising", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00250-00072487-00072661": "space or whatever. You don't", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00251-00072661-00073018": "really need a profit model. You just – this", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00252-00073018-00073164": "is something that the Dash community", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00253-00073164-00073608": "benefited from and it's funded by the", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00254-00073608-00073827": "Dash community. And if that's the case –", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00255-00073827-00074212": "that something is funded by the masternode", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00256-00074212-00074455": "system then it ought to be owned by", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00257-00074455-00074698": "the masternode system. And the best", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00258-00074698-00074914": "place that I can – the best way that", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00259-00074914-00075307": "I thought of the masternodes owning the", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00260-00075307-00075586": "project would be to host it on this page.", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00261-00075586-00075997": "So it's not actually my project, or", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00262-00075997-00076421": "whatever proposers project, it's the systems project.", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00263-00076430-00076776": "People who paid for it. Yeah. Because they paid for it. And there", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00264-00076776-00077056": "are other alternatives to that. I", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00265-00077056-00077526": "think the Dashous project is taking a", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00266-00077526-00077680": "little different model than that.", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00267-00077680-00077877": "Where, he's just asking the", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00268-00077877-00078079": "masternodes to help get him started on", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00269-00078079-00078325": "a project but then it's going to be his", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00270-00078325-00078627": "for-profit project. And so, reasonably,", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00271-00078627-00079012": "he going to host that on his", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00272-00079012-00079513": "own, so that he can kind of control that and guide", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00273-00079513-00079750": "that, that project. But if it's something", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00274-00079750-00080143": "that's intending to be owned, and maybe", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00275-00080143-00080344": "even potential profits could be fed back to", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00276-00080344-00080456": "the masternode owners, or", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00277-00080456-00080902": "operators. And there are ways to do that that", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00278-00080902-00081086": "we haven't developed yet, but maybe", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00279-00081086-00081260": "that could be also another project that", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00280-00081260-00081563": "could be hosted at Dash Community. And so", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00281-00081563-00081812": "by this, when you say, that the network", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00282-00081812-00082187": "gets to own software that it itself funded,", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00283-00082187-00082481": "by that do you primarily mean that it's", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00284-00082481-00082748": "guaranteed to be open-source, when", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00285-00082748-00082955": "it's hosted on Github basically?", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00286-00082955-00083123": "Yeah, it's guaranteed to be", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00287-00083123-00083372": "open-source, it's also guaranteed to – to not", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00288-00083372-00083576": "be controlled by a certain person. So,", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00289-00083576-00084020": "right now, I am an owner of the Github", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00290-00084020-00084374": "organization. An “owner” is a specific", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00291-00084374-00084508": "term that gives you certain privileges", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00292-00084508-00084833": "and rights within the repositories. But", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00293-00084833-00085055": "I'm certainly not the only person that", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00294-00085055-00085346": "could or should be an owner. So basically,", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00295-00085346-00085529": "with open-source projects, the", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00296-00085529-00086069": "owner is who has access to merge pull", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00297-00086069-00086525": "requests in the code repository. So,", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00298-00086525-00086783": "this will take probably a little bit of", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00299-00086783-00087158": "discussion and tweaking to find out", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00300-00087158-00087371": "the best model of ownership in these", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00301-00087371-00087713": "repositories, but for example, I invited", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00302-00087713-00087980": "you to be an owner so we're both", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00303-00087980-00088181": "co-owners. You have as much power in", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00304-00088181-00088418": "the repository as I do. I have no idea what I", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00305-00088418-00088565": "would do with that power or how to", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00306-00088565-00088799": "exercise it but yes, you're right. Right.", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00307-00088799-00089156": "So, in a real sense, it's not owned by", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00308-00089156-00089616": "me at that point. It's owned by whoever joins. And is an owner.", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00309-00089620-00090192": "So, with this in mind, with this sort of", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00310-00090194-00090608": "longer-term goal that you see of", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00311-00090608-00090905": "potentially having a place where things", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00312-00090905-00091241": "that the – software projects basically", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00313-00091241-00091448": "that the network funds, but that do not", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00314-00091448-00091778": "fall within the core umbrella, remaining", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00315-00091778-00092090": "open-source, so that they can be owned by", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00316-00092090-00092321": "the people who paid for it –", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00317-00092321-00092780": "do you have any sort of plan to get the", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00318-00092780-00093113": "word out about this repository? And, or,", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00319-00093113-00093479": "to do outreach to people who are making", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00320-00093479-00093761": "treasury proposals to see like, hey buddy,", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00321-00093761-00093958": "like basically, do you want to host", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00322-00093958-00094138": "your stuff open-source on the", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00323-00094138-00094312": "Dash Community Github?", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00324-00094313-00094589": "Well, I would hope that that would be a", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00325-00094589-00094955": "community effort. I want to be a", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00326-00094955-00095198": "resource to help guide this project", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00327-00095198-00095411": "along but I really don't want to be", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00328-00095411-00095669": "the only person that's doing it. So in", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00329-00095669-00095897": "terms of advertising and getting the", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00330-00095897-00096098": "word out, I would hope that other people", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00331-00096098-00096272": "would join in on that. Whether", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00332-00096272-00096644": "that's in the Slack discussions, or in", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00333-00096644-00096854": "the forums. I would hope that the core", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00334-00096854-00097289": "team would eventually embrace it as an", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00335-00097289-00097694": "option for people to join that.", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00336-00097694-00098198": "But yeah, I'm pretty – reasonably", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00337-00098198-00098573": "active on Slack and I'm part of the", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00338-00098573-00098969": "forums as well. So, I put the word out", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00339-00098969-00099263": "there. There's a channel on", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00340-00099263-00099581": "the Dash Nation Slack called “Community”", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00341-00099581-00099884": "that anybody can join and.. And", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00342-00099884-00100025": "that's where, that's where this kind of stuff can", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00343-00100025-00100217": "That's where these discussions can happen.", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00344-00100217-00100451": "I did not know that. This was just last night,", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00345-00100451-00100715": "or a couple of days ago that I made that. Ok.", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00346-00100715-00100916": "Alright. Ok, well then my final", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00347-00100916-00101210": "question to you then is about the most-", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00348-00101210-00101474": "important thing of all, all of the time in", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00349-00101474-00101834": "Dash, which is incentives. And if I", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00350-00101834-00102113": "believe correctly, part of your proposal", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00351-00102113-00102566": "amount was a chunk of Dash that you", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00352-00102566-00102797": "would like to use to incentivize the", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00353-00102797-00103033": "earliest contributions to this", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00354-00103033-00103328": "repository. So basically what are you", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00355-00103328-00103580": "looking for? And what are you willing to", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00356-00103580-00104011": "pay in exchange for that? So part of", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00357-00104011-00104378": "the proposal was 50 Dash total to go out", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00358-00104378-00104584": "to people who join, join the community", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00359-00104584-00104951": "and contribute something. And I think the", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00360-00104951-00105152": "way that I structured that was that the", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00361-00105152-00105433": "first 10 people will get one Dash each for", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00362-00105433-00105634": "joining and contributing something.", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00363-00105634-00105875": "Doesn't have to be anything special.", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00364-00105875-00106247": "Could be a blog post. So they would each", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00365-00106247-00106496": "get one Dash each. And then the next 20", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00366-00106496-00106814": "people would get half a Dash. And then I think", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00367-00106814-00107120": "that there are 10 more Dash for remaining", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00368-00107120-00107303": "people that may join. And then the rest", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00369-00107303-00107651": "would just be discretionary that I can,", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00370-00107651-00107858": "or we can as a community, discuss and", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00371-00107858-00108095": "say, hey let's give this person so much", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00372-00108095-00108326": "because they did this awesome guide or", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00373-00108326-00108872": "they contributed in this other way. So,", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00374-00108872-00109142": "that's where... So programmers and", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00375-00109142-00109439": "non-programmers are both welcome.", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00376-00109439-00109748": "Yes. Yeah. Ok. Well, I think that's", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00377-00109748-00109979": "basically what I wanted to know. So,", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00378-00109979-00110383": "signing off from Salt Lake City here", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00379-00110383-00110714": "with Rion Gull, thanks for your time.", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00380-00110714-00110970": "You're welcome. Glad to do it. Thanks.", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00381-00110970-00111345": "Final call for anyone living anywhere", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00382-00111345-00111699": "near Salt Lake City that the first stop", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00383-00111699-00111894": "on the “Decentralize All the Profits!”", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00384-00111894-00112160": "tour is tomorrow evening, Thursday,", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00385-00112160-00112449": "November 10th. If you are available", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00386-00112449-00112658": "he details about that event are in the", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00387-00112658-00112776": "description below.", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00388-00112776-00113100": "In addition, a sort of jobs call has been", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00389-00113100-00113373": "put out recently from the core team for", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00390-00113373-00113772": "two highly-experienced C++ developers", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00391-00113772-00114024": "who have a general knowledge of", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00392-00114024-00114258": "cryptocurrency. Interested applicants", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00393-00114258-00114408": "need email", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00394-00114408-00114629": "“Evan@Dash.org”. And that does it", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00395-00114629-00114884": "for DASH: Detailed this week. Subscribe.", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00396-00114884-00115178": "Follow me on Twitter why don't you, and", "4m4CsGmNSf8-00397-00115178-00115296": "I'll see you next time."}}, {"audio_id": "4mBc005AZOk", "text": {"4mBc005AZOk-00000-00000017-00000550": "Your Natchez History Minute is brought to you by Natchez National Historical Park.", "4mBc005AZOk-00001-00000614-00001205": "Natchez silversmith, Emile Profilet was born in 1801 in Paris, France but was in New Orleans", "4mBc005AZOk-00002-00001205-00001827": "working at his craft by 1820. There is a listing in the 1822 New Orleans City Directory for", "4mBc005AZOk-00003-00001827-00002428": "an E. Profilet, watchmaker at 10 Conti Street. He likely left the crescent city shortly after", "4mBc005AZOk-00004-00002428-00003015": "and made his way to Natchez where in 1830, he married Maria Quegles, daughter of a prominent", "4mBc005AZOk-00005-00003015-00003560": "family. Profilet had two business concerns in Natchez, one was a jewelry and silver shop", "4mBc005AZOk-00006-00003560-00004180": "and the other, a blacksmith shop. By 1852, Profilet had given up blacksmithing altogether", "4mBc005AZOk-00007-00004180-00004682": "and devoted himself to his jewelry and silver business, although from the style of many", "4mBc005AZOk-00008-00004682-00005289": "surviving pieces, it is apparent that he was engaged in silver smithing before 1852. Profilet", "4mBc005AZOk-00009-00005289-00005900": "turned out flatware, tumblers, tongs, sweetmeat baskets, ladles, ewers, and even pocket watch", "4mBc005AZOk-00010-00005900-00006430": "cases. In addition to the goods that he made, Profilet imported watches, jewelry, and silverware", "4mBc005AZOk-00011-00006430-00006911": "from Europe. According to newspaper accounts, he made several trips to Europe to renew his", "4mBc005AZOk-00012-00006911-00007404": "stock as well as to visit his family. Emile Profilet had a slave named Ezekiel Profilet", "4mBc005AZOk-00013-00007404-00007922": "who worked in his shop, rolling silver into workable sheets. It is possible, and according", "4mBc005AZOk-00014-00007922-00008472": "to some sources, probable that the slave created some silver pieces. Two tumblers in Natchez", "4mBc005AZOk-00015-00008472-00009040": "are thought to be his work. Profilet died in 1868 but today, his elegant and refined", "4mBc005AZOk-00016-00009040-00009675": "creations are much sought-after by collectors of 19th century American silver.", "4mBc005AZOk-00017-00009850-00010338": "I’m Claire Profilet Cothren, great, great, great grand-daughter of Emile Profilet", "4mBc005AZOk-00018-00010338-00010580": "and this has been your Natchez History Minute."}}, {"audio_id": "4mCNxiImzmU", "text": {"4mCNxiImzmU-00000-00000434-00007568": "Молодость и красота кожи лица.", "4mCNxiImzmU-00001-00007568-00016030": "Мешки под глазами... Как избавиться?", "4mCNxiImzmU-00002-00016030-00020942": "Подтяжка лица в домашних условиях"}}, {"audio_id": "4mJmY4n7Oig", "text": {"4mJmY4n7Oig-00000-00000525-00001017": "[Kyle Peck] Well, so have you ever seen Jerry Seinfeld's comedians in cars getting coffee?", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00001-00001017-00001359": "[George Siemens] Yes I have. [Kyle Peck] So, my idea here is just", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00002-00001359-00001718": "that sorta rambling conversation you don't really have to be funny, although", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00003-00001718-00002023": "I bet you will be but the idea is just,", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00004-00002023-00002359": "now I respect both of your perspectives on", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00005-00002359-00002833": "for the future of education, where this is all going. What learning's gonna look like", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00006-00002833-00003174": "in the next you know in the foreseeable future", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00007-00003175-00003494": "and then what institutions might be able to do to help learners,", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00008-00003494-00003929": "you know, what is that role? So I just thought you know, what I envision happening is a", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00009-00003929-00004277": "sort of a free-wheeling discussion about you know,", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00010-00004277-00004587": "as the focus moves to learning rather than education.", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00011-00004587-00004986": "As these tools continue to expand what people", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00012-00004986-00005421": "can learn and how they can learn it and who they can learn it with and when they can learn it and where they can learn it", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00013-00005421-00005775": "and so on and so on and so on you know what do you see", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00014-00005775-00006125": "I mean I know nobody has a perfectly functioning crystal ball", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00015-00006125-00006494": "as you think about what we'll be looking at", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00016-00006494-00006820": "in a decade, what do you see?", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00017-00006820-00007272": "And what are the biggest... eh let's just take it from there, what do you see?", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00018-00007272-00007654": "[George Siemens] Wanna tackle it first? [Dragan Gasevic] I can start,", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00019-00007654-00007970": "first off I'm going to have to go back on George's previous statements,", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00020-00007970-00008304": "he was just talking about and some of these things.", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00021-00008304-00008625": "First of all I think the major problem or the issue that", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00022-00008625-00008979": "needs to be addressed by learners themselves is to take basically", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00023-00008979-00009397": "ownership of their own learning and they need to realize that they are in control", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00024-00009397-00009779": "and in charge of their learning and they are, indeed, like we", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00025-00009779-00010231": "somehow educate individuals when they are, while they are in higher education or throughout the entire", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00026-00010231-00010736": "educational system as if they always need to expect everything smooth and easy,", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00027-00010736-00011122": "nicely packaged by their instructors, however the moment they are in the workplace", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00028-00011122-00011578": "they all of a sudden start saying, oh everything is not how I was", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00029-00011579-00011914": "told or I was not prepared by university enough, for", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00030-00011914-00012371": "the work force or I'm not whatever and simply that happens because they'd", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00031-00012371-00012471": "never actually", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00032-00012471-00012866": "been told that they are responsible for their learning, but what's actually", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00033-00012866-00013319": "kind of counter intuitive in that process is that the learners themselves", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00034-00013320-00013682": "once they go to the work space they realize what's happening", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00035-00013682-00013987": "there, but then when they return back again to school,", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00036-00013987-00014347": "they again have the same school expectations everything will be smooth", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00037-00014347-00014779": "nicely easy peasy et cetera therefore then the important question is", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00038-00014779-00015094": "how we can change that whole culture and", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00039-00015094-00015581": "how all that can change. George already earlier today talked about this kind of", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00040-00015581-00015955": "work space market space change", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00041-00015955-00016409": "where there will be not so many positions that are presently available and everything can be,", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00042-00016409-00016765": "or many things can be automated or will be automated in a very", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00043-00016765-00017193": "foreseeable future therefore in that process we need to envision", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00044-00017193-00017500": "learners who are confused in learning, or workers who", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00045-00017500-00017903": "are always learning, who are learners. And that's something where we basically", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00046-00017903-00018344": "can see then a very very fluid transition between the", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00047-00018344-00018689": "workplace and learning space, and our institutions need to", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00048-00018689-00018992": "play a very significant role in that process", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00049-00018992-00019307": "where they can actually sense what is needed by their learners,", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00050-00019307-00019651": "and then continue that lifelong relationship with their", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00051-00019651-00020004": "learners or students, or call them whatever you want, and", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00052-00020004-00020502": "help them cater to the next venture they will have in the market space when they actually see that", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00053-00020502-00020892": "this present type of skill they have is not sufficient enough, they", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00054-00020893-00021203": "need to retrain or they need to acquire some additional", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00055-00021203-00021595": "kinds of things, George, do you have something else?", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00056-00021595-00021888": "[George Siemens] Yeah, well, I mean where, I guess there's a few things", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00057-00021888-00022202": "that'll be interesting that I'm really quite fascinated by, and I", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00058-00022202-00022664": "know folks at Penn State here have been thinking hard about this for a while and", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00059-00022664-00023046": "no doubt have their own views, I'd love to hear from you as well, what some of", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00060-00023046-00023540": "your thoughts are but I think one of the things that that I'm particularly interested in is", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00061-00023540-00023972": "what is the role of the university in this learning future? I read an article on Forbes", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00062-00023972-00024113": "recently that said we've moved from a", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00063-00024113-00024484": "knowledge economy to a learning economy. In the past it was like, what you know is", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00064-00024484-00024609": "critical, you've heard this,", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00065-00024609-00025151": "I remember when I was in grade 8 or 9 hearing about 'It's gonna be a knowledge economy' and it was", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00066-00025151-00025289": "it is a knowledge economy", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00067-00025289-00025654": "or at least it was for a period at all of a sudden now, knowledge is this state.", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00068-00025654-00025963": "It's almost like a static point, this is what you know,", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00069-00025963-00026361": "and learning is this process of continually improving and coming to know more.", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00070-00026361-00026752": "So in that kind of environment what does a university become that in the past has", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00071-00026752-00027069": "treated students as a product you take in and a product ship", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00072-00027069-00027392": "four years later. How are we gonna do things differently? And", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00073-00027392-00027787": "particularly interesting is that I think there's going to be a", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00074-00027787-00028225": "range of winners and losers in this transition. So those systems that are", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00075-00028225-00028592": "early out of the gate in terms of digital learning, that have identified quickly,", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00076-00028592-00028977": "that there's an opportunity here, that there's a way in which we can", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00077-00028977-00029438": "broaden our influence we can gain access to a larger population of learners we can", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00078-00029438-00029585": "better serve the needs of", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00079-00029585-00029957": "alums that have come through the system in the past, I think those are the", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00080-00029957-00030257": "universities or the systems that'll do quite well actually because we're at an", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00081-00030257-00030507": "interesting time where education is complexifying.", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00082-00030507-00030838": "A few examples, OECD recently looked at", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00083-00030838-00031192": "the profile of students that are entering higher education later.", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00084-00031192-00031592": "there's gender shifts, transitions, in the past it was male dominated now in some regions, it's", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00085-00031592-00032027": "up to 60-65 percent female students entering higher education.", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00086-00032027-00032370": "Internationalization is a factor, we're  starting also to see that", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00087-00032370-00032630": "the different disciplines that are being offered, they're just everything is", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00088-00032630-00032833": "becoming more and more and more complex.", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00089-00032833-00033217": "And so suddenly the narrative that we used to have with higher education which was:", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00090-00033217-00033569": "I graduate high school, I go to university, I get a degree, I get employed,", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00091-00033569-00034055": "I do whatever. [Kyle Peck] Work for the same company for a while and then move from there.", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00092-00034055-00034461": "And all of a sudden, that's gone. Those student profiles,", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00093-00034461-00034766": "even in the US right now, less than half the students in our", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00094-00034767-00035167": "higher education system are full-time traditional students, so that's been an enormous shift.", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00095-00035167-00035478": "So the reality is we now have a much messier", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00096-00035478-00035817": "higher education system or needs of a higher education system than we've", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00097-00035817-00036261": "had in the past. So the narrative that we've used up until now is not as valid as it once", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00098-00036261-00036747": "was. It's still valid for a part of the population but not all the population so the learning pie", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00099-00036747-00037100": "has grown enormously and that means that the University that is", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00100-00037100-00037409": "visionary and forward-thinking has a really good opportunity to", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00101-00037409-00037761": "to say, look what does this landscape look like? How do we meet the needs of these people", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00102-00037761-00037979": "in this the system that now don't have the same needs", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00103-00037979-00038322": "they had back then but have very different but very real needs, whether that's", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00104-00038322-00038578": "employment related, life satisfaction related,", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00105-00038578-00038892": "you know if the robots to take all our jobs we'll have a lot more leisure time", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00106-00038892-00039078": "so you might as we get a few extra degrees.", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00107-00039078-00039565": "[Kyle Peck] Let me take a whack at that new message. So the new message I think is", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00108-00039565-00039939": "education is", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00109-00039939-00040410": "to, the purpose of education is to provide you the flexibility to chase whatever's next.", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00110-00040410-00040739": "Right? So it's to prepare you to", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00111-00040739-00041139": "continue to find something of interest and become that.", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00112-00041139-00041509": "And I think that the learner in the future becomes", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00113-00041509-00041926": "this autonomous, not autonomous because we rely on other people but this", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00114-00041926-00042282": "self-directed, mission-driven", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00115-00042282-00042788": "learner. So Stanford just put that thing called Stanford 2025,", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00116-00042788-00043152": "and it had different groups envision the future of education,", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00117-00043152-00043683": "and two components of about six that they published on that website, Stanford 2025", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00118-00043683-00043988": "that I really liked were, one was", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00119-00043988-00044634": "instead of a major you'll have a mission. In other words you won't major in political science you'll", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00120-00044634-00045011": "come here to try and eliminate poverty in Cleveland.", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00121-00045011-00045496": "And when you're here trying to learn how to overcome poverty in Cleveland", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00122-00045496-00045830": "you'll say 'what's it gonna take for me to go out there and make a difference?'", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00123-00045830-00046152": "And another change was they call it", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00124-00046152-00046552": "looping. So instead of coming in for four years which really turns into 5 or 6,", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00125-00046552-00046867": "and then leaving and being alumni,", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00126-00046867-00047230": "all their people, they were calling them 'populi' of Stanford.", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00127-00047230-00047536": "And you would come in, and you would", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00128-00047536-00047897": "you know do some learning, you'd have this mission perhaps, so different group, but", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00129-00047897-00048280": "I'm going to combine the two. You have a mission you come in you'd say", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00130-00048280-00048606": "what can I do I'm gonna do, if I'm gonna do this I should probably take these courses in economics,", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00131-00048606-00048978": "these in sociology and maybe I need to do an", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00132-00048978-00049288": "independent study on this with that person and that person and that person", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00133-00049288-00049599": "and these other people. So profile so you", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00134-00049599-00050102": "can find it. So you do a little preparation then you go out and try something. You try", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00135-00050102-00050353": "to make a difference and you come back and say well that was you know", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00136-00050353-00050808": "I got part of that right, but now I know, I see the problem in a different way and now I'm ready to do", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00137-00050808-00051153": "this preparation, there's a constant in and out of Stanford.", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00138-00051154-00051624": "In for a little preparation, out to try what I'm learning, come back, redefine what I need to know and", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00139-00051624-00051982": "back through. And I see the learners", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00140-00051982-00052395": "as I like to use the term 'Nomads'. they're", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00141-00052395-00052851": "'K-N-O-W-mads', where they're out gathering learning credentials", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00142-00052851-00053154": "from different organizations that can help them and from", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00143-00053154-00053457": "individuals that can help them, and these credentials", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00144-00053457-00053882": "are not unlike the competencies that you're talking about in", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00145-00053882-00054362": "ProSolo. ProSolo may even end up being a personal tool rather than an institution tool.", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00146-00054362-00054652": "And so you collect these", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00147-00054652-00055038": "these credentials from whoever and if that's my mission", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00148-00055039-00055477": "then I might need something from a food bank that certifies that I'm whatever.", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00149-00055477-00055825": "Anyway I think that learners will ultimately", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00150-00055825-00056202": "realize that that whole top-down system's", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00151-00056202-00056575": "not serving anybody well and that they do need to take control", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00152-00056575-00056952": "and it may not take four years six years and it may never end", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00153-00056952-00057266": "it may be a constant recycling as I see something new that I want to", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00154-00057266-00057505": "accomplish. I'm out there.", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00155-00057505-00057946": "[Dragan Gasevic] Right, I think that's really interesting, the point also", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00156-00057947-00058307": "has something to do also it tells us something, how it's changing the lives,", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00157-00058307-00058433": "will be changed, of", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00158-00058433-00058738": "the future generations. In many cases we are personally", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00159-00058738-00059152": "trained with our university degrees to have lifelong careers", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00160-00059152-00059489": "in many different fields and this basically tells us that", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00161-00059489-00059909": "many types of skills that we'll be having in the future will not be sufficient", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00162-00059910-00060281": "or our lifelong careers and we will need more coaching", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00163-00060281-00060618": "on particular types of missions which are probably cycles of", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00164-00060618-00061035": "six years for individuals who will be working on certain projects and", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00165-00061035-00061360": "will be thinking about the next features that obviously", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00166-00061360-00061718": "something has to be thought through as well in terms of the consequences of the", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00167-00061718-00062116": "human and their lifestyle et cetera, but I'm not going to that", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00168-00062116-00062541": "route. The other point I was also thinking is we're always thinking about", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00169-00062541-00062873": "what universities can do for learners and that's really", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00170-00062873-00063264": "a core question, but another question also comes", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00171-00063264-00063606": "to my mind is we always think that universities are", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00172-00063606-00064186": "those factories of knowledge production, where you have top researchers in many systems and they are", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00173-00064187-00064537": "producing that knowledge which is then eventually transferred to", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00174-00064537-00064873": "our students however to some extent present", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00175-00064873-00065191": "universities are not real learning organizations.", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00176-00065191-00065652": "They really don't learn from all the stakeholders or in the process and there's no", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00177-00065652-00066017": "easy way that that knowledge which is produced by", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00178-00066017-00066367": "all the stakeholders in the process to be easily transferred to", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00179-00066367-00066672": "others and then to be propagated so for example if I'm", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00180-00066672-00067052": "taking that mission that you just mentioned to solve the problem of poverty", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00181-00067052-00067483": "in Cleveland, then I'm also having something to contribute back to the university", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00182-00067483-00067795": "and that other students can benefit from that process.", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00183-00067795-00068099": "therefore what I'm actually thinking in that sense is that we need", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00184-00068099-00068399": "to look for apparent new roles in our universities who will be", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00185-00068399-00068849": "also integrating learners as potentially knowledge contributors", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00186-00068849-00069202": "in the process and that knowledge will also be than", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00187-00069202-00069533": "made available to other students so that can be", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00188-00069533-00069891": "then integrated into their skills and needs, and that way", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00189-00069891-00070235": "universities will become much more responsive to the future", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00190-00070235-00070612": "needs of learners, and at the same time we'll be much more responsive of the sharing", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00191-00070612-00070912": "spirit that learners may need. So presently", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00192-00070912-00071294": "we offer learning opportunities but we leave institutions that are not", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00193-00071294-00071729": "learning organizations, that's my point.", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00194-00071730-00071904": "[Kyle Peck] So Bill Sams,", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00195-00071904-00072336": "if you've ever seen 'Epic 2020', but he did this thing", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00196-00072336-00072604": "sort of, in a way,", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00197-00072605-00072973": "the music and images make it seem like a doom and gloom kinda thing where", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00198-00072973-00073319": "you know in 2008", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00199-00073319-00073704": "MOOCs came on the scene in people registered and so on,", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00200-00073704-00074004": "and he rolls it forward until Amazon", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00201-00074004-00074343": "there's like Amazon and merges with Apple", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00202-00074343-00074797": "and they become Applezon, and they offer all these things and", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00203-00074797-00075398": "you know, so on. Well, provocative. So we had him on as a speaker and he was really", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00204-00075398-00075558": "good and I think the", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00205-00075558-00075969": "Amazon image of education is probably", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00206-00075969-00076323": "realistic in as you say, the", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00207-00076323-00076893": "universities tend to end up influencing and also emulating the society and the way society", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00208-00076893-00077351": "communicates. I could see an Amazon dot com type marketplace for learning", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00209-00077351-00077699": "opportunities with you know ratings and everything and", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00210-00077699-00078107": "smaller credentials and such, so we brought Bill Sams and we're talking to him and", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00211-00078107-00078516": "somebody said 'well what do we have to do save Penn State University?'", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00212-00078516-00078821": "and he said if that's your goal then you know", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00213-00078821-00079165": "you're gonna fail. The question you need to ask is what", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00214-00079165-00079592": "are learners going to need from us as all this rolls forward", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00215-00079592-00079924": "and as content can be found anywhere, great content", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00216-00079924-00080361": "can be online, accessible to anyone, what will they need", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00217-00080361-00080681": "from us? And I think, I'd love to", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00218-00080681-00081057": "I'm gonna stop right there and get your responses what will learners", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00219-00081058-00081401": "in a future where content is available, what is it", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00220-00081401-00081608": "that they need from us?", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00221-00081608-00081908": "[George Siemens] See it's", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00222-00081908-00082194": "always the difficulty is you know you watch video like this ten", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00223-00082195-00082311": "years down the road, and you're like", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00224-00082311-00082691": "boy that guy back there was an idiot, so I'll say this with that in", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00225-00082692-00083075": "the back my mind that I'm an idiot, but", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00226-00083075-00083479": "the needs I think of students or individuals- [Kyle Peck] I'm just saying he was brave", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00227-00083479-00083913": "just take that spot, there you go. [George Siemens] Who's the pessimist? Who's the optimist?", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00228-00083913-00084305": "The opportunities I think around", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00229-00084305-00084637": "identifying learners needs are really quite significant because learners themselves,", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00230-00084637-00084763": "it's not like they", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00231-00084763-00085175": "know what they necessarily need. It's kind of this idea that Steve Jobs talks about", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00232-00085175-00085473": "you know if you ask people what they want sometimes they just want a bigger", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00233-00085473-00085609": "something that they already have.", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00234-00085609-00085916": "So to understand that maybe the need something completely different, entirely", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00235-00085916-00086234": "different I think is an interesting opportunity for universities to think about,", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00236-00086235-00086624": "and I do want to emphasize what an exciting time in higher education where", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00237-00086624-00087017": "the decisions that this generation and probably part of the next generation of", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00238-00087017-00087366": "leaders is going to be making they're going to create the shape of", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00239-00087366-00087842": "learning for likely generations in the future so it's a really valuable time to", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00240-00087842-00087951": "be thinking deeply about", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00241-00087951-00088359": "complex things such as the the role of people in the learning systems, especially", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00242-00088359-00088524": "if we're going to use more technology,", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00243-00088524-00088890": "can we make that process actually more human than what it currently is?", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00244-00088890-00089239": "So I'm an optimist in that regard that we're going to start to see some really", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00245-00089239-00089562": "promising opportunities for us but I think there's also been a heavy burden", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00246-00089562-00089790": "on the part of leaders is that you really have to make sure that you understand", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00247-00089790-00089938": "what is happening with", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00248-00089938-00090280": "information and knowledge, so that you not necessarily saying, so the students the", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00249-00090280-00090417": "learners don't know what they need", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00250-00090417-00090880": "in a lot of cases. As a learner I don't know what I need so if there's time for", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00251-00090880-00091071": "someone to set down some visionary forward-thinking", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00252-00091071-00091523": "it can be quite valuable to be the recipient of that. So one of the things I would like to say is that if you look at", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00253-00091523-00091888": "the aspects of the learning process, so let's just look at what are the parts that are involved", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00254-00091888-00092251": "when I'm in a university? So the first thing is content,", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00255-00092251-00092593": "namely the curriculum that we're trying to communicate to our students.", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00256-00092593-00092902": "And that content there's a separate layer which I'm not gonna talk about, that's", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00257-00092902-00093003": "the research dimension,", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00258-00093003-00093317": "but I'm just talking about the teaching-learning process. (Even though there's a bit of", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00259-00093317-00093664": "influence from research into all three stages) So there's the content.", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00260-00093664-00094118": "Then there's this second piece which is the teaching piece, so we might have our textbooks that we wrote,", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00261-00094119-00094508": "or we might just have our powerpoints that we go through and that's the teaching practice.", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00262-00094508-00094978": "The third thing that we have is the assessment or the credentialing processes.", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00263-00094978-00095361": "And so those three elements are what right now are the value point of", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00264-00095361-00095797": "education. Now all those rely on this thing called information, and information", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00265-00095797-00096093": "right now is undergoing a bit of a metamorphosis in terms of", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00266-00096093-00096288": "of the power relationships within it.", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00267-00096288-00096702": "Who creates it, who shares it, who owns it, and so on. Textbook publishers are losing", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00268-00096702-00096893": "some of their influence, there's growing", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00269-00096893-00097218": "development of peer-to-peer and social interaction so we're finding", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00270-00097218-00097589": "hierarchical institutions that have traditionally functioned well are", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00271-00097589-00097924": "reeling a little bit. And so", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00272-00097924-00098268": "then what's the value point of a university to a learner's", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00273-00098268-00098570": "life? Well the content they can google,", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00274-00098570-00099085": "use any search engine, hit wikipedia, more increasingly go to a series of MOOCs,", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00275-00099085-00099417": "you can take really good quality content in a lot of cases,", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00276-00099417-00099880": "and it's not going to cost you a penny, or a subscription fee that's miniscule.", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00277-00099880-00100122": "Alright, so that means that the first value point", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00278-00100123-00100525": "for students, learning the university system is now a really negated", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00279-00100525-00100862": "content piece. The second piece that hold to, and this is when", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00280-00100862-00101172": "MIT first did OpenCourseWare Initiative they said, yeah but you know what", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00281-00101172-00101657": "the contents not valuable, but the teaching is that's why student MIT, so that's what they want to pay for.", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00282-00101657-00102037": "well then MOOCs arose, and all of a sudden you've got some of the best profs in the world", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00283-00102037-00102353": "teaching some of their content to a global audience so if you're sitting in a", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00284-00102354-00102503": "small state college somewhere", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00285-00102503-00102957": "and your prof you know doesn't have that extensive experience, and then the very", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00286-00102958-00103370": "textbook that your prof is having you read is written by the author of the person", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00287-00103370-00103459": "that's running a MOOC", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00288-00103459-00103801": "on Edex, so then suddenly it's like how valuable is that", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00289-00103801-00104236": "in person teaching experience? So that leaves a third point which is", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00290-00104236-00104368": "assessment and credentialing,", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00291-00104368-00104678": "and that's a leg of the stool that still has enormous value", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00292-00104678-00105028": "because that's what students need when they're learning in a mess of different places,", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00293-00105028-00105379": "how to get that validation. Now I'll just backtrack slightly to make one final point.", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00294-00105379-00105801": "The only way in which teaching cannot be", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00295-00105801-00106265": "negated as a value point in education is if we transform our pedagogical practices.", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00296-00106265-00106636": "Which means that instead of lecture formats, which you record a lecture once you", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00297-00106636-00106976": "could watch as many times as you want and as many people want to watch as possible,", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00298-00106976-00107354": "but if you change your practice suddenly you work with active learning, you work", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00299-00107354-00107453": "with immersive learning, you", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00300-00107453-00107828": "work with problem-based learning, you have students working case situations.", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00301-00107828-00108330": "Suddenly that's a process that you can't duplicate so the interesting aspect of technology", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00302-00108330-00108778": "is it negates the economic value of things that can be duplicated with limited", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00303-00108778-00109177": "cost. Content you can say that's been eliminated as an economic value", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00304-00109177-00109544": "teaching from an instructivist sense I can say has been eliminated as an economic", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00305-00109544-00109878": "value so the university has two particular strengths to focus on now:", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00306-00109878-00110207": "The quality of its credentialing and assessment process and the identity", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00307-00110207-00110390": "the university brings to it, and then", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00308-00110390-00110742": "the transformed pedagogical practices", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00309-00110742-00111152": "[Kyle Peck]  I think I'd add, based on something you said earlier Dragan to that the", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00310-00111152-00111609": "creation of social, and that the MOOC and your whole philosophy I didn't mean to", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00311-00111609-00112089": "exclude you from this but the the idea that there's a social layer", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00312-00112089-00112493": "that the university can provide that an individual may not bring to learning", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00313-00112493-00112929": "a learning experience. That the university can say come here study with us because", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00314-00112929-00113401": "you become part of this stream of people that's are studying this now", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00315-00113401-00113736": "and everybody who studied before you, and everybody who will study it after you.", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00316-00113736-00114146": "you become part of this community around this topic.", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00317-00114146-00114522": "[Dragan Gasevic] And I think that that's the role or the function that", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00318-00114522-00114882": "the university serves presently, and something which is really so difficult to be", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00319-00114883-00115321": "with any other types of technologies, that type of social experience that students", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00320-00115321-00115732": "have and more important these types of social ties that students have spending", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00321-00115732-00116070": "four years of mine, on campus with certain individuals,", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00322-00116070-00116493": "or even just two years as a grad student gives you certain connections that you", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00323-00116493-00116815": "cannot so easy capitalize otherwise this is", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00324-00116815-00117306": "I think for many reasons content is quite similar in many MBA schools but", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00325-00117306-00117754": "whether you are studying at Stanford, or MIT, or Penn,", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00326-00117755-00118064": "it is much different than whether you are studying at some", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00327-00118064-00118407": "other system simply because you're getting access to the top", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00328-00118407-00118704": "decision makers and business leaders in the future.", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00329-00118704-00118990": "[Kyle Peck] And you form a network of people who go out and", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00330-00118990-00119365": "are successful in the world and contribute to your success. How much of that can", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00331-00119365-00119459": "be done online?", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00332-00119459-00119828": "So a lot of what we're talking about these ivy leagues, so whatever you go there", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00333-00119832-00120211": "you become part of this network of people and they carry you with them", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00334-00120211-00120603": "you know they carry each other out into success. Can you create that", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00335-00120604-00120978": "same kind of support structure with", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00336-00120978-00121447": "online interactions using Skype Zoom whatever", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00337-00121447-00121762": "or whatever comes next, or whatever comes next, and is there,", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00338-00121762-00122117": "how much value is there to the face-to-face experience?", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00339-00122117-00122522": "[Dragan Gasevic] I think the value of face-to-face cannot easily be replaced.", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00340-00122522-00122825": "We can compensate many of these types of things.", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00341-00122825-00123207": "I was earlier, also today talking about this moment of inquiry.", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00342-00123207-00123708": "I'm trying to pretty much teach that way but also do research around the", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00343-00123708-00123884": "model as well and also thinking", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00344-00123884-00124459": "how that qualification can potentially be expanded into the network, environment, or completely redefined so", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00345-00124459-00124604": "that we have something that", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00346-00124604-00125041": "will help us. One of the key points of that model is social presence.", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00347-00125041-00125401": "that learners basically start looking at each other", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00348-00125401-00125867": "as human beings, rather than avatars, that they can say whatever", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00349-00125867-00126248": "they want, and that there's basically a sense of entitlement.", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00350-00126248-00126553": "and that is something that university and teaching adds into the", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00351-00126553-00126908": "story it's not the information itself, it's more scaffolding of", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00352-00126908-00127253": "those interactions that universities can provide.", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00353-00127253-00127733": "so you can, and Terry Anderson is also with Athabasca university,", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00354-00127733-00128117": "one of the most convenient I would say of online learning researchers.", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00355-00128122-00128469": "In general he's always saying, it's not that difficult to", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00356-00128469-00128919": "develop a social networking software, it is much more difficult to", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00357-00128920-00129311": "populate it to develop something which will attract people to go there,", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00358-00129311-00129667": "and that is something where university can build the role. That can be", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00359-00129667-00130013": "done inside the courses and it can be done also", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00360-00130013-00130346": "outside of these courses and in some of these informal", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00361-00130346-00130525": "spaces. We  have to be", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00362-00130525-00130858": "intentional with that process. Social interactions may happen", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00363-00130858-00131224": "but, if you want them to be more effective you need to design those", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00364-00131224-00131670": "and universities need to build their capacities around teaching these types", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00365-00131670-00131975": "of skills and interactions rather than just", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00366-00131975-00132424": "teach how to go from page A  to page B. I think that's something that students", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00367-00132424-00132764": "will get many other opportunities to get, however", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00368-00132764-00133070": "to teach students or scaffold how to live within the", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00369-00133070-00133446": "different individuals or additional  organizations or many other", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00370-00133446-00133867": "opportunities, that's something where the university can play a still very significant role.", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00371-00133867-00134353": "[Kyle Peck] Scaffolding interactions that's sort of, the way you described", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00372-00134353-00134655": "moving away from structure into the active experience.", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00373-00134655-00135037": "If you do that the scaffolding of interactions becomes", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00374-00135037-00135419": "easier because they've got real you know", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00375-00135419-00135789": "real work to interact around right, so it's", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00376-00135789-00136255": "it's kind of, I'm predicting it'll be a lot more,", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00377-00136255-00136760": "a lot more easy and will be a lot more productive at", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00378-00136760-00137124": "scaffolding interactions as we move students", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00379-00137124-00137461": "to real work, so I say that", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00380-00137461-00137780": "there's knowledge and comprehension level objectives and let's push those out", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00381-00137780-00138230": "to places, MOOC like places where people can do that on their own with peer support,", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00382-00138230-00138594": "and anytime we bring people together, and by that I mean", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00383-00138595-00139116": "face to face or even online in real time let's do things we can only do", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00384-00139116-00139453": "when they're together, and so, and then", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00385-00139453-00139808": "let's scaffold those powerful interactions. What is it about this content", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00386-00139808-00140238": "that made me say we have to be together? And then let me do something powerful", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00387-00140238-00140452": "enough to justify the expense", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00388-00140452-00140878": "and the inconvenience and, and, and, of bringing a whole bunch of people", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00389-00140878-00141012": "together at the same time.", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00390-00141012-00141480": "and let's figure out how to do powerful things with the times we bring people together.", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00391-00141480-00141785": "And then, and understand what things can be accomplished at", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00392-00141785-00142129": "the lowest level of inconvenience", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00393-00142129-00142515": "and interruption. Let's let people do everything at the", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00394-00142515-00142864": "least intrusive level", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00395-00142864-00143199": "and that, and free up all this time for the higher-order stuff", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00396-00143199-00143526": "that requires expert facilitation and requires", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00397-00143526-00144100": "higher-order kinds of assessments.", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00398-00144100-00144590": "[George Siemens] I would say there was the US Department of education report by Barbara Means,", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00399-00144590-00145114": "SRI was an author that looked at what is the evidence for online versus", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00400-00145114-00145649": "in person learning, and that's been a topic ever since we started moving online", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00401-00145649-00145954": "people have been arguing that online can't be as good as teaching in a", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00402-00145954-00146456": "classroom setting because there's so-and-so, and the teacher, and this, and that, but", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00403-00146456-00146637": "the research results don't support that.", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00404-00146637-00146939": "They support that online learning can be as effective", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00405-00146939-00147350": "as in classroom learning in some cases, it can actually be more effective.", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00406-00147350-00147644": "What was interesting from that particular department of education report was that", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00407-00147644-00147803": "blended learning actually", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00408-00147803-00148283": "exceeds both, and so there's this sense in which we do need that social time together,", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00409-00148283-00148564": "there's something that happens that isn't only cognitive", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00410-00148564-00148860": "when you're together with a group of people there's, there are affective", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00411-00148860-00149051": "dimensions there are emotional dimensions,", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00412-00149051-00149397": "so it's not just, so when we learn content it's not just about the content", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00413-00149397-00149634": "it's about the experience of becoming", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00414-00149634-00150218": "interactive knowledge developers where I have part of an idea and I hand it off to you and you", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00415-00150218-00150684": "play with it, hand it back to Dragan and Dragan, you know, that process just keeps going.", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00416-00150685-00151101": "Now we can do that online to a certain degree but there's something about the", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00417-00151101-00151361": "richer social experience of meeting in person", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00418-00151361-00151675": "that continues to provide value for that, the", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00419-00151675-00152081": "deepening of relationships and yet when you've done both though, you have the", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00420-00152081-00152190": "benefit of those", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00421-00152190-00152624": "loose tie relationships that can happen quickly online the short skype chats", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00422-00152624-00152844": "without having an hour and a half listening to a lecture,", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00423-00152844-00153174": "and yet when you get together in person those relationships, and I've had", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00424-00153174-00153312": "this with numerous student at have", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00425-00153312-00153704": "interacted online that have then met in person where they find it's almost like you", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00426-00153704-00154134": "met an old friend who you've never met before, and all of a sudden it's like 'wow'.", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00427-00154134-00154580": "So there's dimensions there that we can't quite quantify or qualify yet that happens when we're", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00428-00154580-00154910": "meeting in person when we're learning.", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00429-00154910-00155164": "[Dragan Gasevic] Yeah but in the whole, that process we really need to", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00430-00155164-00155612": "emphasize that online interaction between learners otherwise that will not happen.", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00431-00155612-00155969": "And there are certain things like simply cracking a joke", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00432-00155969-00156386": "when we are face-to-face happens so spontaneously and it", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00433-00156386-00156686": "is not so easy to do that online, so we", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00434-00156686-00157137": "are missing some of these cues. Everything needs to be much more intentional when you are meeting with", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00435-00157137-00157211": "some of your", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00436-00157211-00157554": "classmates, you need to schedule some time when you are available", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00437-00157554-00158134": "and then start a skype chat, obviously time zones can also play a role in that process,", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00438-00158134-00158500": "while time zones can be mitigated with online learning,", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00439-00158500-00158842": "at the same time they're also a barrier for these types of interactions.", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00440-00158842-00159190": "[Kyle Peck] So we're talking about interactions that go well beyond", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00441-00159190-00159509": "'post something in a forum and comment on at least three people's posts'.", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00442-00159509-00159849": "[George Siemens] On no, that's the perfect pedagogical model.", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00443-00159849-00160410": "[Kyle Peck] I think your point about the Barbara Means study, the meta-analysis", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00444-00160411-00160731": "of online versus face-to-face learning,", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00445-00160731-00161166": "part of that is because the educational outcomes that we're asking for", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00446-00161166-00161594": "are pretty much knowledge and comprehension level in general if you get up to the higher-order", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00447-00161594-00161985": "things like scaffolding interactions you're going to train people to scaffold interactions,", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00448-00161985-00162339": "or to, you know facilitate,", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00449-00162339-00162724": "you know to mediate conversations, we have people here who are", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00450-00162724-00163129": "trying to figure that out. You know then that's something that's going to be", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00451-00163129-00163453": "much more difficult to do when you move up the hierarchy of cognitive", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00452-00163453-00163893": "learning outcomes up into the synthesis and evaluation", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00453-00163893-00164201": "and higher-order stuff, I think it's harder to do, I'm not saying you", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00454-00164201-00164510": "can't do, but that's what other studies have shown that", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00455-00164510-00164970": "Clark and all, back from seventies on, it's not so much about the medium", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00456-00164970-00165404": "as it is about the design of the interactions about what goes on in the", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00457-00165404-00165537": "person's mind,", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00458-00165537-00165857": "and if the designer understands that and understands what needs to happen,", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00459-00165857-00166290": "then you can say, oh this has to be done through a role-play. Where you have to sit beside", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00460-00166290-00166414": "you have to be superintendent,", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00461-00166414-00166815": "or somebody's going to have to be the superintendent, the principal, the parent, and we're going to have to", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00462-00166815-00167112": "wrestle this out then we'll have an understanding that", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00463-00167112-00167210": "will last longer", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00464-00167210-00167524": "and will mean more than reading something...", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00465-00167524-00168010": "Well great! Well,", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00466-00168010-00168340": "other things you wanna talk about? When you think of the future?", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00467-00168340-00168661": "Have we done a pretty good job of thinking what", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00468-00168661-00169066": "the future might be like and where it might be going and how universities or", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00469-00169066-00169504": "other educational institutions can help?", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00470-00169504-00169950": "[George Siemens] I think, and this is an interesting trend that we're seeing already. now it's coming out of", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00471-00169951-00170274": "MOOCs, so I just want to emphasize MOOCs I think are a short term trend,", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00472-00170274-00170588": "as a name, as a", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00473-00170588-00170955": "concept and this idea of learning at scale, and", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00474-00170955-00171418": "multi-institutional learning and ready access to learning, those principles are there for the long run.", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00475-00171418-00171838": "One of the things that's becoming increasingly interesting is who's all involved as a learning", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00476-00171838-00172166": "provider and getting to the point where learning", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00477-00172166-00172575": "is really a form of marketing  with some organizations. Google runs a MOOC on how", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00478-00172575-00172688": "to search with Google.", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00479-00172688-00173012": "You have companies that run the recent", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00480-00173012-00173395": "initiative that was announced with that Khan Academy, and Bank of America on", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00481-00173395-00173750": "financial planning. and so I think what's going to be an interesting to watch", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00482-00173750-00173870": "unfold is that", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00483-00173870-00174233": "in a learning economy all the sudden you", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00484-00174233-00174612": "have everyone has to participate and for learners that just means", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00485-00174612-00175062": "opportunity. The number of free learning options and free is really", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00486-00175062-00175309": "not the critical thing but it's an important thing but the number of", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00487-00175309-00175520": "options I can go today and I can learn almost", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00488-00175520-00175843": "anything through some of the top respected scholars", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00489-00175843-00176143": "in the world! I can learn anything whether we're dealing with", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00490-00176143-00176512": "biochemistry whether we're dealing with nanotechnology or neuroscience", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00491-00176512-00176832": "or statistical computing or machine learning.", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00492-00176832-00177148": "I mean these are topics it's amazing to see where they're at and what it reveals", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00493-00177148-00177459": "to me I think and this is something that's going to drive trends forward,", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00494-00177459-00177822": "is that we had for probably decades", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00495-00177822-00178148": "we had this demand/need for learning", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00496-00178148-00178483": "build and yet universities largely stayed the same.", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00497-00178483-00178641": "So they didn't realize that their student", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00498-00178641-00178974": "was changing, that the marketplace for learning was changing, and so while this", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00499-00178974-00179324": "demand was building and building and building underneath, you had a few cases where", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00500-00179324-00179675": "you might find listservs started to serve a learning purpose.", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00501-00179675-00180112": "so folks who are let's say learning Python could connect on a listserv and share and do", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00502-00180112-00180398": "stuff there but universities kind of ignored that and said that's not us.", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00503-00180398-00180739": "And all of a sudden with MOOCs everything sort of burst through the surface and I", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00504-00180739-00181089": "think MOOCs were really a supply-side answer to this decades-long", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00505-00181089-00181396": "demand-side increasing in learning needs, and so", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00506-00181396-00181759": "all of a sudden our competition isn't going to be exclusively other universities.", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00507-00181759-00182123": "It's not going to be a university in China, or university in Australia. All of a sudden", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00508-00182123-00182314": "Khan Academy and Bank of America,", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00509-00182314-00182652": "and World Bank and UNESCO and whoever they're all", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00510-00182652-00183012": "offering these learning needs, yeah, so it's", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00511-00183012-00183320": "really it's a terrific time if you enjoy learning", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00512-00183320-00183679": "you picked the right time in history to be alive.", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00513-00183679-00184088": "[Dragan Gasevic] and at the same time also it's a great time that we are having these serious", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00514-00184088-00184420": "conversations about the presence of universities. Finally universities", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00515-00184421-00184762": "are getting aware especially MOOCs, not necessarily the", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00516-00184762-00185083": "MOOCs were innovation by themselves at least how", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00517-00185083-00185444": "people learned and delivered from 2012 onward,", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00518-00185444-00185795": "but rather more as increasing the awareness of the universities", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00519-00185795-00186210": "is that they need to change something. They need to start self-reflecting on what they're doing.", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00520-00186210-00186520": "As they think of what needs to be done and that's why we are", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00521-00186520-00186946": "seeing much more legit requests to have, and much more", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00522-00186946-00187323": "intentional by universities to have these active learning approaches,", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00523-00187323-00187637": "flip classrooms and so on, so", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00524-00187637-00188095": "we are actually seeing some, it's not revolution, but it's some nice", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00525-00188095-00188445": "evolution I would say it's a kind of fast-foward evolution happening", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00526-00188445-00188820": "inside universities. There were in the past some individuals but they were", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00527-00188820-00189244": "really very enthusiastic individuals. What is also happening is", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00528-00189245-00189646": "in that process is we know that faculty members are driven by their research", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00529-00189646-00189973": "track record because universities are primarily assessing", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00530-00189973-00190323": "them, especially certain systems such as Penn State.", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00531-00190323-00190805": "All of a sudden these types of initiatives are offering additional research opportunities", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00532-00190805-00191122": "for many academics who are not necessarily coming", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00533-00191122-00191486": "directly from educational research. I'm a computer science and", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00534-00191486-00191819": "many other computer scientists all of a sudden found", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00535-00191819-00192306": "themselves in the space of education and oh look, some of us are just", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00536-00192306-00192622": "rediscovering what's been around for 30-40 years,", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00537-00192622-00192996": "others are engaging in much more rewarding research opportunities", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00538-00192996-00193318": "there and they can publish in top-tier journals in their home", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00539-00193318-00193681": "fields we for example have Scott Klemmer, one of the", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00540-00193681-00194007": "keynote speakers at the Learning Analytics conference last year in", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00541-00194007-00194349": "Indianapolis, and he is a really good example of how", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00542-00194349-00194673": "a human-computer interaction researcher can also", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00543-00194673-00194997": "see his future research opportunities", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00544-00194997-00195341": "in this space of rules, we can also see some", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00545-00195341-00195713": "really leading physicist or other researchers find a", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00546-00195713-00196051": "home in that space so I'm seeing that's great not only from", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00547-00196051-00196351": "the perspective that they are building now just", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00548-00196351-00196660": "your research profiles but that research is now become much", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00549-00196660-00197030": "more connected with their teaching as well, and I think that's something", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00550-00197030-00197374": "which is really important and I really wish we can,", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00551-00197374-00197708": "if we can build the next generation of academic scholars who are", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00552-00197708-00198222": "both researchers in there academic fields but they are also researching", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00553-00198222-00198628": "teaching in their fields as well.", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00554-00198628-00199088": "[Kyle Peck] Alright, well I'd like to thank you for this conversation I enjoyed", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00555-00199088-00199718": "it and it was everything I'd hoped it would be! Thank you for helping us think about the ride ahead!", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00556-00199718-00199798": "[George Siemens] Thank you!", "4mJmY4n7Oig-00557-00199798-00199884": "[Dragan Gasevic] Pleasure!"}}, {"audio_id": "4mbrvbBbXy0", "text": {"4mbrvbBbXy0-00000-00000443-00000780": "Earnings per share is the amount of net income earned", "4mbrvbBbXy0-00001-00000780-00001090": "for each share of common stock outstanding.", "4mbrvbBbXy0-00002-00001090-00001586": "EPS is the most widely quoted of all the financial ratios.", "4mbrvbBbXy0-00003-00001586-00001980": "It’s the only ratio that appears on the financial statements,", "4mbrvbBbXy0-00004-00001980-00002246": "and that is on the income statement.", "4mbrvbBbXy0-00005-00002246-00002676": "Earnings per share is a measure of profitability.", "4mbrvbBbXy0-00006-00002676-00003016": "Recall that outstanding shares of stock", "4mbrvbBbXy0-00007-00003016-00003650": "are shares issued minus shares of treasury stock.", "4mbrvbBbXy0-00008-00003650-00003920": "Earnings per share is calculated as net income,", "4mbrvbBbXy0-00009-00003920-00004136": "minus preferred stock dividends,", "4mbrvbBbXy0-00010-00004136-00004770": "divided by average number of common stock shares outstanding.", "4mbrvbBbXy0-00011-00004770-00005006": "So here’s an income statement from our sample company.", "4mbrvbBbXy0-00012-00005006-00005443": "We’ll use the highlighted net income to determine the earnings per share.", "4mbrvbBbXy0-00013-00005443-00005730": "Here is a balance sheet from our sample company.", "4mbrvbBbXy0-00014-00005730-00006400": "We’ll use the highlighted common stock section to figure out the shares outstanding.", "4mbrvbBbXy0-00015-00006400-00006843": "Sometimes we aren’t given the number of shares outstanding, like in my example.", "4mbrvbBbXy0-00016-00006843-00007036": "But it’s easy enough to figure out", "4mbrvbBbXy0-00017-00007036-00007386": "if we have the value of the stock and the par value.", "4mbrvbBbXy0-00018-00007386-00007773": "The number of shares equals the value of common stock", "4mbrvbBbXy0-00019-00007773-00008086": "divided by the par value.", "4mbrvbBbXy0-00020-00008086-00008463": "For 2016, net income minus preferred stock dividends,", "4mbrvbBbXy0-00021-00008463-00008776": "which I’ve assumed to be $100 for this example,", "4mbrvbBbXy0-00022-00008776-00009150": "divided by average common shares outstanding,", "4mbrvbBbXy0-00023-00009150-00009530": "gives us an earnings per share of $1.71.", "4mbrvbBbXy0-00024-00009530-00010010": "This result is often compared to others in the industry,", "4mbrvbBbXy0-00025-00010010-00010406": "as well as what stock market analysts predicted."}}, {"audio_id": "4nqQU1s17vk", "text": {"4nqQU1s17vk-00000-00000062-00000397": "- Photosynthesis makes usable energy for us.", "4nqQU1s17vk-00001-00000399-00000668": "It makes energy that we can eat.", "4nqQU1s17vk-00002-00000670-00000981": "We can't eat light, although I'll tell you right now,", "4nqQU1s17vk-00003-00000983-00001385": "if I could, I would be the happiest camper on the planet.", "4nqQU1s17vk-00004-00001387-00001805": "Photosynthesis, using the energy from light.", "4nqQU1s17vk-00005-00001808-00002260": "This is the chemical equation for photosynthesis.", "4nqQU1s17vk-00006-00002262-00002497": "It takes carbon dioxide out of the air,", "4nqQU1s17vk-00007-00002499-00002926": "and a little bit of water, and sunshine,", "4nqQU1s17vk-00008-00002929-00003356": "the energy from the sun, and uses all of that stuff,", "4nqQU1s17vk-00009-00003358-00003681": "the energy from the sun, the water, and the carbon dioxide,", "4nqQU1s17vk-00010-00003683-00004497": "to build glucose, C6H12O6, and water.", "4nqQU1s17vk-00011-00004499-00005101": "No, something else. Really?", "4nqQU1s17vk-00012-00005104-00005564": "Oxygen, of course. I knew there was something else there.", "4nqQU1s17vk-00013-00005566-00005914": "Oxygen is one of the byproducts of photosynthesis,", "4nqQU1s17vk-00014-00005916-00006310": "which is why we say, \"Dude, don't chop down all the trees.\"", "4nqQU1s17vk-00015-00006312-00006664": "Because they're actually taking carbon dioxide out of the air,", "4nqQU1s17vk-00016-00006666-00006968": "and making glucose, which we can use,", "4nqQU1s17vk-00017-00006970-00007760": "and breathing out or emitting oxygen as a byproduct.", "4nqQU1s17vk-00018-00007762-00008239": "Once you come along. I'll draw a picture of you next.", "4nqQU1s17vk-00019-00008241-00008460": "Look at your little cute self.", "4nqQU1s17vk-00020-00008462-00008697": "I'm having a hard time picking a color here.", "4nqQU1s17vk-00021-00008699-00009422": "This is you. And you're going to eat that apple.", "4nqQU1s17vk-00022-00009425-00009826": "And how do you get the energy out of the apple?", "4nqQU1s17vk-00023-00009829-00010272": "Well, we know that the apple created glucose.", "4nqQU1s17vk-00024-00010275-00010460": "So let's go ahead and write down the process,", "4nqQU1s17vk-00025-00010462-00010876": "which is cellular respiration.", "4nqQU1s17vk-00026-00010879-00011860": "Cellular respiration is taking that glucose molecule,", "4nqQU1s17vk-00027-00011862-00012747": "seriously, C6H12O6, adding in some oxygen", "4nqQU1s17vk-00028-00012750-00013443": "that you just breathed in, producing carbon dioxide,", "4nqQU1s17vk-00029-00013445-00014097": "and, take a wild guess, water, and what?", "4nqQU1s17vk-00030-00014099-00014997": "Energy. And are we emitting sunlight energy? No.", "4nqQU1s17vk-00031-00014999-00015781": "In fact, we take--this process makes a new molecule, ATP,", "4nqQU1s17vk-00032-00015783-00016439": "which is basically like energy money inside a living system.", "4nqQU1s17vk-00033-00016441-00016876": "ATP can be used to power almost everything,", "4nqQU1s17vk-00034-00016879-00017135": "including the sodium potassium pump.", "4nqQU1s17vk-00035-00017137-00017593": "Remember that guy that was doing primary active transport,", "4nqQU1s17vk-00036-00017595-00017789": "pumping sodium and potassium ions", "4nqQU1s17vk-00037-00017791-00018014": "against the concentration gradient?", "4nqQU1s17vk-00038-00018016-00018397": "ATP was required to do that.", "4nqQU1s17vk-00039-00018400-00018618": "Which means that you had to eat a gummy bear", "4nqQU1s17vk-00040-00018620-00018997": "or some form of carbohydrate to get the glucose,", "4nqQU1s17vk-00041-00018999-00019272": "you had to breathe to get the oxygen,", "4nqQU1s17vk-00042-00019275-00019793": "and then the mitochondria, oh, glory days,", "4nqQU1s17vk-00043-00019795-00020001": "went through the process of cellular respiration,", "4nqQU1s17vk-00044-00020004-00020560": "and delivered a fat chunk of ATP for you to use", "4nqQU1s17vk-00045-00020562-00020760": "in powering your sodium potassium pump,", "4nqQU1s17vk-00046-00020762-00021072": "in contracting your skeletal muscles, in dealing with", "4nqQU1s17vk-00047-00021075-00021397": "smooth muscle contraction, keeping your heart beating,", "4nqQU1s17vk-00048-00021399-00021714": "letting your brain work, on and on and on,", "4nqQU1s17vk-00049-00021716-00021905": "all the things that you need energy for,", "4nqQU1s17vk-00050-00021908-00022535": "like jumping over your wife at your wedding.", "4nqQU1s17vk-00051-00022537-00022997": "Hopefully you have a good sense of energy.", "4nqQU1s17vk-00052-00022999-00023181": "And we're going to play with it.", "4nqQU1s17vk-00053-00023183-00023322": "We're going to blow up some gummy bears.", "4nqQU1s17vk-00054-00023325-00023497": "We're going to play with some magnets.", "4nqQU1s17vk-00055-00023499-00023672": "We're going to do some challenges in class", "4nqQU1s17vk-00056-00023675-00024043": "to hopefully get this concept solidified.", "4nqQU1s17vk-00057-00024045-00024343": "And the next two lectures are dealing just with", "4nqQU1s17vk-00058-00024345-00024718": "cellular respiration and just with photosynthesis.", "4nqQU1s17vk-00059-00024720-00024929": "Bye-bye."}}, {"audio_id": "4nFofJw5wFu", "text": {"4nFofJw5wFu-00000-00000086-00000446": "Hey everyone and welcome to this episode of The Best Picture Ever Taken.", "4nFofJw5wFu-00001-00000446-00001146": "Make sure you relax, sit back, and enjoy ;)", "4nFofJw5wFu-00002-00014584-00014901": "These were some of the coolest photos we found on our quest for the best picture ever taken.", "4nFofJw5wFu-00003-00014966-00015009": "If you liked our episode, share it, and subscribe to know when the next one's out!"}}, {"audio_id": "4nFZ-Q-ShR0", "text": {"4nFZ-Q-ShR0-00000-00000500-00000774": "- Wat is de reden dat Esmaeil gevlucht is uit Iran", "4nFZ-Q-ShR0-00001-00005757-00006439": "Ik moest vluchten uit Iran omdat ik mij bekeerde tot het Christendom", "4nFZ-Q-ShR0-00002-00006465-00007000": "Ik wilde gewoon zelf mijn eigen geloof bepalen", "4nFZ-Q-ShR0-00003-00007000-00007612": "helaas is het veranderen van geloof in Iran een misdaad", "4nFZ-Q-ShR0-00004-00007612-00008156": "en hierop staat in Iran de DOODSTRAF....", "4nFZ-Q-ShR0-00005-00008854-00009466": "Ik stuurde een email naar de club om mezelf voorstellen", "4nFZ-Q-ShR0-00006-00009466-00009868": "Ik had nooit verwacht dat iemand zou reageren...", "4nFZ-Q-ShR0-00007-00009967-00010572": ".... maar een paar dagen later werd ik uitgenodigd om eens mee te trainen", "4nFZ-Q-ShR0-00008-00010706-00011070": "Na deze training werd ik gevraagd", "4nFZ-Q-ShR0-00009-00011070-00011374": "of ik speler wilde zijn bij Almelo FC", "4nFZ-Q-ShR0-00010-00011425-00012022": "Ze hebben mij met liefde en veel respect geaccepteerd", "4nFZ-Q-ShR0-00011-00012046-00012670": "en ik bedankte God om bij deze familie te kunnen komen", "4nFZ-Q-ShR0-00012-00012893-00013278": "- Wanneer en hoe is Esmaeil bij Almelo FC terecht gekomen?", "4nFZ-Q-ShR0-00013-00031235-00031571": "Esmaeil trekt zich aan jou op, en voelt zich vertrouwd bij jou...", "4nFZ-Q-ShR0-00014-00031571-00031827": "ervaar jij dit zelf ook zo", "4nFZ-Q-ShR0-00015-00035053-00035525": "Hoe heb jij Esmaeil leren kennen, en hoe was dat eerste contact?", "4nFZ-Q-ShR0-00016-00039621-00039971": "hoe hebben jullie Esmaeil destijds opgevangen?", "4nFZ-Q-ShR0-00017-00046640-00046930": "wat voor persoon is Esmaeil?", "4nFZ-Q-ShR0-00018-00053820-00054034": "Hoe ligt Esmaeil in de spelers groep", "4nFZ-Q-ShR0-00019-00056044-00056350": "hoe verloopt de communicatie in het veld?", "4nFZ-Q-ShR0-00020-00058887-00059379": "hoe vind je dat Esmaeil zich heeft aangepast en ontwikkeld?", "4nFZ-Q-ShR0-00021-00062433-00062782": "hoe denk je dat het publiek tegen Esmaeil aankijkt?", "4nFZ-Q-ShR0-00022-00066848-00067465": "kennelijk kunnen jullie elkaar goed buiten het veld vinden, hoe is dat in hetbinnen het veld?", "4nFZ-Q-ShR0-00023-00069728-00070182": "hoe fijn is het om een ervaren speler als Esmaeil te hebben in je team, en hoe belangrijk is hij?", "4nFZ-Q-ShR0-00024-00075144-00075618": "Esmaeil heeft veel ervaring op hoog zaalvoetbal niveau in Iran, kunnen jullie wat van hem leren?", "4nFZ-Q-ShR0-00025-00075618-00075794": "En leert hij andersom ook van jullie?", "4nFZ-Q-ShR0-00026-00081533-00081897": "Heeft Esmaeil de TC destijds verrast met zijn kwaliteiten?", "4nFZ-Q-ShR0-00027-00085400-00085859": "Hoe kijk de Tc naar de manier waarop Esmaeil zich in korte tijd heeft aangepast aan de club", "4nFZ-Q-ShR0-00028-00091057-00091513": "Mede dankzij jou inzet kon Esmaeil naar het AZC in Hengelo verblijven", "4nFZ-Q-ShR0-00029-00091513-00092053": "inplaats van een azc hier ver uit de buurt, wat doet dat met jullie contact?", "4nFZ-Q-ShR0-00030-00095055-00095650": "Jij werkt zelf op een AZC in Hardenberg, kun  je iets vertellen over de huidige situatie in de  AZC's", "4nFZ-Q-ShR0-00031-00099850-00100368": "er is vorige week een gezondheids checkuitgevoerd bij Esmaeil, kan zijn procedure nu gestart worden?", "4nFZ-Q-ShR0-00032-00103425-00103692": "Wat voor soort speler is Esmaeil?", "4nFZ-Q-ShR0-00033-00107876-00108414": "Zaalvoetbal is nu groot aan het worden in Nederland", "4nFZ-Q-ShR0-00034-00108414-00108614": "en wordt steeds professioneler", "4nFZ-Q-ShR0-00035-00108849-00109381": "We hebben bij Almelo FC,een aantal jonge talenten", "4nFZ-Q-ShR0-00036-00109420-00109723": "Daarnaast hebben we zeer goede ervaren spelers", "4nFZ-Q-ShR0-00037-00109766-00110074": "Dit jaar kunnen we gewoon kampioen worden", "4nFZ-Q-ShR0-00038-00110074-00110417": "met dit team en deze technische staf en de coaches", "4nFZ-Q-ShR0-00039-00110523-00110754": "We worden gewoon kampioen!", "4nFZ-Q-ShR0-00040-00110944-00111460": "Kun jij een ervaren speler als Esmaeil eigenlijk nog wel wat leren? en wat leer jij van hem?", "4nFZ-Q-ShR0-00041-00126362-00126791": "Ik heb ik veel verschillende teams gespeeld...", "4nFZ-Q-ShR0-00042-00126821-00127201": "...maar het gevoel bij Almelo fc is anders...", "4nFZ-Q-ShR0-00043-00127361-00127835": "... we zijn een familie... met een doel...", "4nFZ-Q-ShR0-00044-00127945-00128551": ".... dit team is bij me geweest in verschillende situaties....", "4nFZ-Q-ShR0-00045-00128563-00128880": "... we zullen altijd samen blijven...", "4nFZ-Q-ShR0-00046-00128963-00129848": "... en als laatste wil ik Marco speciaal bedanken... die als een oudere broer is voor mij...", "4nFZ-Q-ShR0-00047-00129889-00130672": "ik hoop dat we de supporters van Almelo fc blij kunnen maken en kampioen worden", "4nFZ-Q-ShR0-00048-00130672-00131190": "en ook jij (Mylène van Driel)  bedankt voor dit interview!"}}, {"audio_id": "5ofmCNuZbhA", "text": {"5ofmCNuZbhA-00000-00000133-00000822": "in addition to giving an impression on every audience, the penthouse drama also gives its own impression on each of the actors.", "5ofmCNuZbhA-00001-00000822-00001434": "Penthouse drama does have its own impression for each cast and audience who watch.", "5ofmCNuZbhA-00002-00001434-00001938": "everyone is always waiting for every penthouse drama airing every week.", "5ofmCNuZbhA-00003-00001938-00002416": "each fan also has their own favorite characters and scenes.", "5ofmCNuZbhA-00004-00002416-00003070": "but who would have thought if it turned out that the cast of the penthouse drama also had their own favorite scene.", "5ofmCNuZbhA-00005-00003070-00003760": "reported from the SBS Catch youtube channel, there are several scenes that are the favorites of each penthouse drama actor.", "5ofmCNuZbhA-00006-00003760-00003869": "1.", "5ofmCNuZbhA-00007-00003869-00003987": "Kim Seo-Yon.", "5ofmCNuZbhA-00008-00003987-00004750": "The character of Cheon Seo Jin who is the most cunning and evil woman in this penthouse drama has her own favorite scene.", "5ofmCNuZbhA-00009-00004750-00005157": "According to Kim Seo Yon, his favorite scene throughout the 3 seasons of the penthouse", "5ofmCNuZbhA-00010-00005157-00005525": "drama was the scene when Ha Eun Byeol erased Cheon Seo Jin's memory.", "5ofmCNuZbhA-00011-00005525-00006074": "and even though Cheon Seo Jin already knew about it, but Cheon Seo Jin still followed", "5ofmCNuZbhA-00012-00006074-00006385": "Ha Eun Byeol's wishes by pretending to have lost his memory.", "5ofmCNuZbhA-00013-00006385-00007094": "Cheon Seo Jin pretends to have lost his memory to deceive Ha Eun Byeol and pretends to forget all her past events.", "5ofmCNuZbhA-00014-00007094-00007692": "it is a scene that is the favorite of Kim Seo Yon who plays the character Cheon Seo Jin.", "5ofmCNuZbhA-00015-00007692-00007765": "2.", "5ofmCNuZbhA-00016-00007765-00007854": "Eugene.", "5ofmCNuZbhA-00017-00007854-00008313": "Eugene is the character actor Oh Yoon Hee in the penthouse drama.", "5ofmCNuZbhA-00018-00008313-00008800": "Oh Yoon Hee is one of the characters that is much loved by the audience because of her", "5ofmCNuZbhA-00019-00008800-00009235": "kind character and always does everything she thinks is right.", "5ofmCNuZbhA-00020-00009235-00009652": "Eugene or Oh Yoon Hee also has their own favorite scene.", "5ofmCNuZbhA-00021-00009652-00010051": "According to Eugene, the scene he likes most in this penthouse drama is the scene when", "5ofmCNuZbhA-00022-00010051-00010441": "the news of the rebuilding of the village of Bosuk is broadcast on TV.", "5ofmCNuZbhA-00023-00010441-00010935": "This scene became Oh Yoon Hee's favorite because it was the starting point where Oh Yoon Hee", "5ofmCNuZbhA-00024-00010935-00011238": "changed her fate to become one of the rich people.", "5ofmCNuZbhA-00025-00011238-00011631": "Oh Yoon Hee's life changed instantly.", "5ofmCNuZbhA-00026-00011631-00012130": "even this was the origin of Oh Yoon Hee being able to enter and live in Hera Palace.", "5ofmCNuZbhA-00027-00012130-00012234": "3.", "5ofmCNuZbhA-00028-00012234-00012334": "Lee Jiah.", "5ofmCNuZbhA-00029-00012334-00012899": "Lee Jiah or the role of Shim Su Ryeon in this penthouse drama also has his own favorite scene.", "5ofmCNuZbhA-00030-00012899-00013568": "according to Lee Jiah the scene when Shim Su Ryeon met with na aegyo was the best scene and became her favorite.", "5ofmCNuZbhA-00031-00013568-00014165": "The scene when Shim Su Ryeon meets Na Ae Gyo is an emotional scene.", "5ofmCNuZbhA-00032-00014165-00014956": "because that was the first time Shim Su Ryeon spoke with na aegyo and was the last meeting of Shim Su Ryeon and na aegyo.", "5ofmCNuZbhA-00033-00014956-00015417": "because after that na aegyo replaced Shim Su Ryeon and willingly", "5ofmCNuZbhA-00034-00015417-00015795": "traded her life for Joo Dan Tae to kill to save Shim Su Ryeon.", "5ofmCNuZbhA-00035-00015795-00015880": "4.", "5ofmCNuZbhA-00036-00015880-00015983": "Um Ki Joon.", "5ofmCNuZbhA-00037-00015983-00016542": "Um Ki Joon or the actor Joo Dan Tae also has his own favorite character.", "5ofmCNuZbhA-00038-00016542-00017125": "Joo Dan Tae, who is the most evil male character in this penthouse drama, said that his favorite", "5ofmCNuZbhA-00039-00017125-00017534": "scene was when Joo Dan Tae died at Hera Palace and the destruction of the magnificent building", "5ofmCNuZbhA-00040-00017534-00017884": "of Hera Palace which he built with his own hands.", "5ofmCNuZbhA-00041-00017884-00018229": "that scene is a favorite scene for um ki joon.", "5ofmCNuZbhA-00042-00018229-00018832": "Those are the 4 actors of the Penthouse drama who revealed their own version of their favorite scene.", "5ofmCNuZbhA-00043-00018832-00019400": "all these scenes did give a distinct impression not only for them but also the audience.", "5ofmCNuZbhA-00044-00019400-00019840": "According to the drama update scene, the most favorite drama update scene is the scene when", "5ofmCNuZbhA-00045-00019840-00020231": "Cheon Seo Jin leaves his dying father alone.", "5ofmCNuZbhA-00046-00020231-00020824": "after that Cheon Seo Jin played the piano with his evil gaze. and this piano scene is", "5ofmCNuZbhA-00047-00020824-00021363": "a favorite scene for drama updates. because in that scene the drama update can see the", "5ofmCNuZbhA-00048-00021363-00021754": "acting of Kim Seo Yon or Cheon Seo Jin which is very extraordinary.", "5ofmCNuZbhA-00049-00021754-00021935": "What do you think ?", "5ofmCNuZbhA-00050-00021935-00022225": "Which scene is your favourite?", "5ofmCNuZbhA-00051-00022225-00022888": "don't forget to write your theories and opinions in the comments column so that the admin also knows other information.", "5ofmCNuZbhA-00052-00022888-00023648": "don't forget to subscribe to this channel, and like and share this video so that your friends also know about this information.", "5ofmCNuZbhA-00053-00023648-00023891": "see you on the next video."}}, {"audio_id": "5orpFrws0Fo", "text": {"5orpFrws0Fo-00000-00000010-00000063": "RIGHT HERE.", "5orpFrws0Fo-00001-00000063-00000070": "RIGHT HERE.", "5orpFrws0Fo-00002-00000070-00000353": "RIGHT HERE. >>> YOUR LOCAL SPORTS WITH", "5orpFrws0Fo-00003-00000353-00000360": "RIGHT HERE. >>> YOUR LOCAL SPORTS WITH", "5orpFrws0Fo-00004-00000360-00000570": "RIGHT HERE. >>> YOUR LOCAL SPORTS WITH COLLIN CALVERT.", "5orpFrws0Fo-00005-00000570-00000577": ">>> YOUR LOCAL SPORTS WITH COLLIN CALVERT.", "5orpFrws0Fo-00006-00000577-00000647": ">>> YOUR LOCAL SPORTS WITH COLLIN CALVERT. >> COLLIN: WELL, THE LAST COUPLE", "5orpFrws0Fo-00007-00000647-00000653": "COLLIN CALVERT. >> COLLIN: WELL, THE LAST COUPLE", "5orpFrws0Fo-00008-00000653-00001077": "COLLIN CALVERT. >> COLLIN: WELL, THE LAST COUPLE WEEKS OF THE SEASON, THE B-S-U", "5orpFrws0Fo-00009-00001077-00001084": ">> COLLIN: WELL, THE LAST COUPLE WEEKS OF THE SEASON, THE B-S-U", "5orpFrws0Fo-00010-00001084-00001394": ">> COLLIN: WELL, THE LAST COUPLE WEEKS OF THE SEASON, THE B-S-U BASEBALL TEAM HAS PLAYED LIKE", "5orpFrws0Fo-00011-00001394-00001401": "WEEKS OF THE SEASON, THE B-S-U BASEBALL TEAM HAS PLAYED LIKE", "5orpFrws0Fo-00012-00001401-00001815": "WEEKS OF THE SEASON, THE B-S-U BASEBALL TEAM HAS PLAYED LIKE THE STAND OUT 2016 AND 2017", "5orpFrws0Fo-00013-00001815-00001821": "BASEBALL TEAM HAS PLAYED LIKE THE STAND OUT 2016 AND 2017", "5orpFrws0Fo-00014-00001821-00001895": "BASEBALL TEAM HAS PLAYED LIKE THE STAND OUT 2016 AND 2017 SEASONS.", "5orpFrws0Fo-00015-00001895-00001901": "THE STAND OUT 2016 AND 2017 SEASONS.", "5orpFrws0Fo-00016-00001901-00002325": "THE STAND OUT 2016 AND 2017 SEASONS. MALE AND FEMALE ATHLETES OF THE", "5orpFrws0Fo-00017-00002325-00002332": "SEASONS. MALE AND FEMALE ATHLETES OF THE", "5orpFrws0Fo-00018-00002332-00002439": "SEASONS. MALE AND FEMALE ATHLETES OF THE YEAR.", "5orpFrws0Fo-00019-00002439-00002445": "MALE AND FEMALE ATHLETES OF THE YEAR.", "5orpFrws0Fo-00020-00002445-00002736": "MALE AND FEMALE ATHLETES OF THE YEAR. AND CONTINUING THE BASKETBALL", "5orpFrws0Fo-00021-00002736-00002742": "YEAR. AND CONTINUING THE BASKETBALL", "5orpFrws0Fo-00022-00002742-00003279": "YEAR. AND CONTINUING THE BASKETBALL CAREER IN COLLEGE.", "5orpFrws0Fo-00023-00003279-00003286": "AND CONTINUING THE BASKETBALL CAREER IN COLLEGE.", "5orpFrws0Fo-00024-00003286-00003696": "AND CONTINUING THE BASKETBALL CAREER IN COLLEGE. HERE THEY WERE ON RECEIVING THIS", "5orpFrws0Fo-00025-00003696-00003703": "CAREER IN COLLEGE. HERE THEY WERE ON RECEIVING THIS", "5orpFrws0Fo-00026-00003703-00003863": "CAREER IN COLLEGE. HERE THEY WERE ON RECEIVING THIS HONOR.", "5orpFrws0Fo-00027-00003863-00003870": "HERE THEY WERE ON RECEIVING THIS HONOR.", "5orpFrws0Fo-00028-00003870-00004060": "HERE THEY WERE ON RECEIVING THIS HONOR. >> AND IT MEANT SO MUCH TO ME,", "5orpFrws0Fo-00029-00004060-00004067": "HONOR. >> AND IT MEANT SO MUCH TO ME,", "5orpFrws0Fo-00030-00004067-00004220": "HONOR. >> AND IT MEANT SO MUCH TO ME, PUTTING EVERYONE ON THE TEAM,", "5orpFrws0Fo-00031-00004220-00004227": ">> AND IT MEANT SO MUCH TO ME, PUTTING EVERYONE ON THE TEAM,", "5orpFrws0Fo-00032-00004227-00004998": ">> AND IT MEANT SO MUCH TO ME, PUTTING EVERYONE ON THE TEAM, PUTTING IN TIME GIVING IT THEIR", "5orpFrws0Fo-00033-00004998-00005004": "PUTTING EVERYONE ON THE TEAM, PUTTING IN TIME GIVING IT THEIR", "5orpFrws0Fo-00034-00005004-00005191": "PUTTING EVERYONE ON THE TEAM, PUTTING IN TIME GIVING IT THEIR ALL INTO BEING SUCCESSFUL.", "5orpFrws0Fo-00035-00005191-00005198": "PUTTING IN TIME GIVING IT THEIR ALL INTO BEING SUCCESSFUL.", "5orpFrws0Fo-00036-00005198-00005852": "PUTTING IN TIME GIVING IT THEIR ALL INTO BEING SUCCESSFUL. >> IT'S A HUGE HONOR, AND", "5orpFrws0Fo-00037-00005852-00005859": "ALL INTO BEING SUCCESSFUL. >> IT'S A HUGE HONOR, AND", "5orpFrws0Fo-00038-00005859-00006439": "ALL INTO BEING SUCCESSFUL. >> IT'S A HUGE HONOR, AND LOOKING BACK, AND SAME CARLSON,", "5orpFrws0Fo-00039-00006439-00006446": ">> IT'S A HUGE HONOR, AND LOOKING BACK, AND SAME CARLSON,", "5orpFrws0Fo-00040-00006446-00006683": ">> IT'S A HUGE HONOR, AND LOOKING BACK, AND SAME CARLSON, LAST YEAR, BOTH MY TEAMMATES,", "5orpFrws0Fo-00041-00006683-00006690": "LOOKING BACK, AND SAME CARLSON, LAST YEAR, BOTH MY TEAMMATES,", "5orpFrws0Fo-00042-00006690-00007080": "LOOKING BACK, AND SAME CARLSON, LAST YEAR, BOTH MY TEAMMATES, THEY REALLY INSPIRED ME WITH MY", "5orpFrws0Fo-00043-00007080-00007087": "LAST YEAR, BOTH MY TEAMMATES, THEY REALLY INSPIRED ME WITH MY", "5orpFrws0Fo-00044-00007087-00007163": "LAST YEAR, BOTH MY TEAMMATES, THEY REALLY INSPIRED ME WITH MY RUNNING.", "5orpFrws0Fo-00045-00007163-00007170": "THEY REALLY INSPIRED ME WITH MY RUNNING.", "5orpFrws0Fo-00046-00007170-00007477": "THEY REALLY INSPIRED ME WITH MY RUNNING. >> Collin: FIVE NEW MEMBERS OF", "5orpFrws0Fo-00047-00007477-00007484": "RUNNING. >> Collin: FIVE NEW MEMBERS OF", "5orpFrws0Fo-00048-00007484-00007751": "RUNNING. >> Collin: FIVE NEW MEMBERS OF LUMBERJACKS ATHLETICS IN THE", "5orpFrws0Fo-00049-00007751-00007757": ">> Collin: FIVE NEW MEMBERS OF LUMBERJACKS ATHLETICS IN THE", "5orpFrws0Fo-00050-00007757-00008014": ">> Collin: FIVE NEW MEMBERS OF LUMBERJACKS ATHLETICS IN THE HALL OF FAME.", "5orpFrws0Fo-00051-00008014-00008021": "LUMBERJACKS ATHLETICS IN THE HALL OF FAME.", "5orpFrws0Fo-00052-00008021-00008081": "LUMBERJACKS ATHLETICS IN THE HALL OF FAME. CONGRATULATIONS TO THOSE FIVE"}}, {"audio_id": "5o-h8vvxQiY", "text": {"5o-h8vvxQiY-00000-00004693-00004946": "Guys, here’s a door, but locked. Right?", "5o-h8vvxQiY-00001-00005240-00005316": "And,", "5o-h8vvxQiY-00002-00005563-00005633": "Here…", "5o-h8vvxQiY-00003-00006126-00006226": "And there…", "5o-h8vvxQiY-00004-00006276-00006460": "There’s one, and two…", "5o-h8vvxQiY-00005-00007213-00007306": "Three…", "5o-h8vvxQiY-00006-00008483-00008810": "Hope you guys understand can be so noisy because of sounds of car and human’s voice…", "5o-h8vvxQiY-00007-00008890-00009060": "Today’s place.. There’s no special report from subscriber.", "5o-h8vvxQiY-00008-00009120-00009480": "But they reported me that there’s four haunted house…", "5o-h8vvxQiY-00009-00009496-00010063": "One of that house, I can’t even approach that entrance of house, it was so grassy.", "5o-h8vvxQiY-00010-00010150-00010416": "So that, i’ll gonna get three of report place, except that grassy place.", "5o-h8vvxQiY-00011-00010486-00010806": "I stopped by here, first place, and..", "5o-h8vvxQiY-00012-00010880-00011313": "Maybe can go second and third place alternately, it depends on situation of course.", "5o-h8vvxQiY-00013-00011376-00011553": "So, let me get inside, guys.", "5o-h8vvxQiY-00014-00018020-00018106": "What?", "5o-h8vvxQiY-00015-00018280-00018416": "Is this a way or something like that?", "5o-h8vvxQiY-00016-00018570-00018650": "What the?", "5o-h8vvxQiY-00017-00022030-00022133": "Holy s**t!", "5o-h8vvxQiY-00018-00022710-00022860": "Whoo.. It makes me so crazy…", "5o-h8vvxQiY-00019-00024260-00024383": "Ha… so creepy.", "5o-h8vvxQiY-00020-00025396-00025656": "Thump…thu….", "5o-h8vvxQiY-00021-00025676-00025783": "What’s that sound?", "5o-h8vvxQiY-00022-00026130-00026380": "Focus on the window!", "5o-h8vvxQiY-00023-00026413-00026533": "Who’s in there?", "5o-h8vvxQiY-00024-00026683-00026790": "Anybody in there?", "5o-h8vvxQiY-00025-00027110-00027276": "Hello? There..?", "5o-h8vvxQiY-00026-00027800-00027923": "Who’s in there?", "5o-h8vvxQiY-00027-00029453-00029570": "Excuse me?", "5o-h8vvxQiY-00028-00030793-00030906": "Excuse me there?", "5o-h8vvxQiY-00029-00032353-00032470": "Who’s in there?", "5o-h8vvxQiY-00030-00032643-00032830": "Can you come in front of me if you still in there?", "5o-h8vvxQiY-00031-00032913-00033276": "Don’t switch this camera, cause subscriber, they misunderstood our film is…..", "5o-h8vvxQiY-00032-00033370-00033570": "is all fake, so do not switch this ever!", "5o-h8vvxQiY-00033-00034013-00034126": "Who’s there?", "5o-h8vvxQiY-00034-00034933-00035143": "Don’t turn this to other direction,", "5o-h8vvxQiY-00035-00035283-00035396": "There’s no place you could run, so…", "5o-h8vvxQiY-00036-00035696-00035806": "Keep shoothing and don’t switch it.", "5o-h8vvxQiY-00037-00036576-00036733": "Don’t switch it and go ahead.", "5o-h8vvxQiY-00038-00036830-00036930": "Go on!", "5o-h8vvxQiY-00039-00037516-00037650": "Ok, good job to me! Micol!", "5o-h8vvxQiY-00040-00038246-00038350": "Don’t switch on it.", "5o-h8vvxQiY-00041-00041290-00041540": "Focus on the shoe case!", "5o-h8vvxQiY-00042-00042146-00042356": "Are you there?", "5o-h8vvxQiY-00043-00044736-00044830": "Everybody,", "5o-h8vvxQiY-00044-00045293-00045410": "I guess…", "5o-h8vvxQiY-00045-00045620-00045883": "I think I can feel something strong in here… in my thinking.", "5o-h8vvxQiY-00046-00046130-00046570": "I guess, I could feel likes 52.3% over one hundredth in this haunted house.", "5o-h8vvxQiY-00047-00046703-00046823": "I guess it’s not evil spirit, but", "5o-h8vvxQiY-00048-00046876-00047086": "Also not even demon.", "5o-h8vvxQiY-00049-00047160-00047370": "Almost 52.3% of evil spirit…", "5o-h8vvxQiY-00050-00047466-00047566": "Ok, for now..", "5o-h8vvxQiY-00051-00047630-00047910": "I’ll come over here, and let me get second house..", "5o-h8vvxQiY-00052-00047950-00048150": "Go over to the second house.", "5o-h8vvxQiY-00053-00048326-00048970": "I came here to third house cause I couldn’t feel any evil spirit not much in the previous house.", "5o-h8vvxQiY-00054-00051583-00051726": "Oh! That scared me…", "5o-h8vvxQiY-00055-00053286-00053440": "It’s just a cat! Cat…", "5o-h8vvxQiY-00056-00054956-00055046": "What was that sound?", "5o-h8vvxQiY-00057-00057120-00057303": "Guys, wait, wait. I gotta get inside..", "5o-h8vvxQiY-00058-00058660-00058770": "Who’s in there?", "5o-h8vvxQiY-00059-00059420-00059540": "Who’s there?", "5o-h8vvxQiY-00060-00063090-00063733": "Deco-bell don’t make sound when if door isn’t wobble.", "5o-h8vvxQiY-00061-00065630-00065753": "Is that sound someone in there?", "5o-h8vvxQiY-00062-00065996-00066130": "Right? That sound is…", "5o-h8vvxQiY-00063-00067826-00067953": "Hu… driving me crazy!", "5o-h8vvxQiY-00064-00069203-00069303": "Someone in there?", "5o-h8vvxQiY-00065-00069993-00070096": "Excuse me?", "5o-h8vvxQiY-00066-00071020-00071116": "Hello?", "5o-h8vvxQiY-00067-00071630-00071743": "I think there’s someone?", "5o-h8vvxQiY-00068-00071826-00072476": "Micol FELT something weird!", "5o-h8vvxQiY-00069-00072870-00073003": "I guess someone is still in there?", "5o-h8vvxQiY-00070-00073316-00073410": "What the?", "5o-h8vvxQiY-00071-00074633-00074843": "W…what the f? Who… who is it?", "5o-h8vvxQiY-00072-00074880-00075000": "Hey!", "5o-h8vvxQiY-00073-00075063-00075166": "Get out!!", "5o-h8vvxQiY-00074-00075783-00076426": "One of them is tryna to open window, and one of then is struggling with door.", "5o-h8vvxQiY-00075-00078073-00078716": "Probably They aren’t owner of home cause look like young and small height, they still could in outside of house.", "5o-h8vvxQiY-00076-00080676-00080763": "What the…?", "5o-h8vvxQiY-00077-00080890-00081100": "It wasn’t demon…. Right?", "5o-h8vvxQiY-00078-00081396-00081500": "Who was it? Ha?", "5o-h8vvxQiY-00079-00084433-00085076": "Micol got into house again after got breath.", "5o-h8vvxQiY-00080-00090976-00091110": "I’m so scare….ha..", "5o-h8vvxQiY-00081-00091340-00091630": "Shh..shh!", "5o-h8vvxQiY-00082-00091933-00092036": "What was that?", "5o-h8vvxQiY-00083-00092696-00092946": "Focus on the saw!", "5o-h8vvxQiY-00084-00093433-00093526": "Who’s there?", "5o-h8vvxQiY-00085-00093686-00093793": "Who’s there?", "5o-h8vvxQiY-00086-00096320-00096963": "Micol checking that door out again while he taking a breath.", "5o-h8vvxQiY-00087-00100173-00100416": "I guess all of this houses has a poltergeist at every house.", "5o-h8vvxQiY-00088-00100496-00100613": "At every house….", "5o-h8vvxQiY-00089-00100676-00101036": "That poltergeist guarding this houses…", "5o-h8vvxQiY-00090-00101063-00101410": "Still in every house of here.. With strong evil spirit.", "5o-h8vvxQiY-00091-00101486-00101676": "Ha… this is insane…", "5o-h8vvxQiY-00092-00101786-00101960": "What a crazy spot… so fabulous.", "5o-h8vvxQiY-00093-00102716-00103360": "Came to the third house after passing by first and second house.", "5o-h8vvxQiY-00094-00106860-00106996": "F**k.. I can’t just….", "5o-h8vvxQiY-00095-00107336-00107480": "Guys, I think…", "5o-h8vvxQiY-00096-00107723-00107909": "I could make them more mad at me what if I disturb…", "5o-h8vvxQiY-00097-00108183-00108356": "Maybe they’ll gonna mad at me if I make them annoy….", "5o-h8vvxQiY-00098-00108503-00108609": "I don’t wanna make…", "5o-h8vvxQiY-00099-00109080-00109230": "Them annoy…", "5o-h8vvxQiY-00100-00111590-00112409": "Micol have been to stop by first and second house even if we didn’t include on the video. However, he could’t feel strongly dangered spirit and there was no abnormal phenomenon."}}, {"audio_id": "5o_g-5bZ-GQ", "text": {"5o_g-5bZ-GQ-00000-00000707-00000907": "I", "5o_g-5bZ-GQ-00001-00001122-00001630": "Think about how many different ways there are to making online income these days?", "5o_g-5bZ-GQ-00002-00002444-00002647": "This is web design and", "5o_g-5bZ-GQ-00003-00002730-00003502": "Copywriting and earnings on affiliate programs email marketing and online store and and drop shipping", "5o_g-5bZ-GQ-00004-00003579-00003824": "You can renew Murr eight for a long time", "5o_g-5bZ-GQ-00005-00004686-00004915": "The opportunities are endless so", "5o_g-5bZ-GQ-00006-00005414-00005929": "When a loophole like this comes along in 12 point 3 million Australian dollars", "5o_g-5bZ-GQ-00007-00005994-00006226": "Industry it's difficult to ignore", "5o_g-5bZ-GQ-00008-00006825-00007498": "By the way, this is 100 legal and ethical it has nothing to do with any kind of cryptocurrency", "5o_g-5bZ-GQ-00009-00007554-00007754": "or financial trading", "5o_g-5bZ-GQ-00010-00008103-00008471": "It also has nothing to do with Facebook Amazon", "5o_g-5bZ-GQ-00011-00008586-00008881": "Shopify or any of the usual suspects", "5o_g-5bZ-GQ-00012-00008946-00009173": "It's totally new and unseen", "5o_g-5bZ-GQ-00013-00009519-00010249": "Go to this private page right now or you'll regret it later link in the description of the video", "5o_g-5bZ-GQ-00014-00010722-00011449": "Good luck and if you liked it subscribe to my channel"}}, {"audio_id": "5oJuiYY2g7u", "text": {"5oJuiYY2g7u-00000-00001536-00002207": "This page is about \"Reduced Disposability\" which is in the \"Connection\" part of the", "5oJuiYY2g7u-00001-00002207-00002707": "ACE Framework, at the \"Assignment\" level and really this doesn't mean that you", "5oJuiYY2g7u-00002-00002707-00003200": "can't ever dispose of assignments that your students do in your class. I mean,", "5oJuiYY2g7u-00003-00003200-00003593": "sometimes you may want to do work with your students that's really meant to be", "5oJuiYY2g7u-00004-00003593-00004076": "brainstorming and and then thrown away, but lots of the assignments that we", "5oJuiYY2g7u-00005-00004076-00004616": "currently give to our students are designed basically to be hoops that", "5oJuiYY2g7u-00006-00004616-00004978": "students jump through and everybody knows they're just going to get deleted", "5oJuiYY2g7u-00007-00004978-00005423": "at the end of the semester or end up in the literal trashcan. So the idea of", "5oJuiYY2g7u-00008-00005423-00005830": "reducing disposability is about getting our students working a little bit more", "5oJuiYY2g7u-00009-00005830-00006287": "in public, contributing to their fields and to their communities. If you're going", "5oJuiYY2g7u-00010-00006287-00006626": "to be moving online it means you're going to be using some connective", "5oJuiYY2g7u-00011-00006626-00007106": "technologies and, if so, we may as well use those technologies to let our", "5oJuiYY2g7u-00012-00007106-00007547": "students connect their work to the world around the university. So that's what", "5oJuiYY2g7u-00013-00007547-00008062": "we're looking at here on this page about reducing disposability."}}, {"audio_id": "5oRpkSxFaaE", "text": {"5oRpkSxFaaE-00000-00000395-00000924": "Funny Video's"}}, {"audio_id": "5oZxFxreRhQ", "text": {"5oZxFxreRhQ-00000-00000056-00000128": "Hey everyone!", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00001-00000128-00000664": "In this video, I'm going to talk about some core concepts in the study of MIS,", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00002-00000720-00000911": "so let's get right into it!", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00003-00001072-00001524": "MIS stands for Management Information Systems.", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00004-00001584-00001928": "It is the management and use of information systems that help", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00005-00001928-00002352": "organizations achieve strategies, those strategies typically being making money.", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00006-00002448-00002512": "Very important.", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00007-00002728-00003024": "But, what actually is an information system?", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00008-00003024-00003472": "Well, that is a system that produces information, and", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00009-00003560-00004216": "that system is going to be comprised of many, many, many different parts.", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00010-00004288-00004840": "Those parts are going to include the actual hardware and software that you're using.", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00011-00004840-00005144": "Now, I described hardware and software in computing fundamentals.", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00012-00005216-00005648": "Hardware is going to be the actual machines that you're using; the computers", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00013-00005648-00005928": "that you're actually using, or the servers that you", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00014-00006000-00006544": "either install in your business, or the servers that you're renting from another company.", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00015-00006544-00006720": "That all is the hardware.", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00016-00006784-00007200": "The software is going to be all the… well, all the software that you're using.", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00017-00007200-00007744": "So, everything from the operating system to the applications that you're using,", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00018-00007744-00008624": "like, possibly, the Microsoft Office suite of applications or OneDrive or anything like that.", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00019-00008624-00008768": "We’ve also got data.", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00020-00008768-00009136": "Data is all just… stuff.", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00021-00009136-00009792": "It is numbers. It is, uh, observations that you've made about users.", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00022-00009864-00010400": "It's all stuff that is communicated electronically to you—", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00023-00010576-00010920": "not necessarily electronically, but, when we're talking about computer data,", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00024-00010920-00011128": "it would be communicated electronically to you—", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00025-00011224-00011664": "and that you would want to use in order to, well, make money.", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00026-00011848-00011968": "We have the procedures.", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00027-00011968-00012808": "The procedures are everything from how you organize the actual company or organize", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00028-00012808-00012968": "the system or something like that.", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00029-00012968-00013560": "It's how you pass inputs and outputs to and from components of your system.", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00030-00013560-00013840": "It's the flow of data and information.", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00031-00013912-00014536": "It's the, um, security procedures to make sure that no bad actors are", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00032-00014536-00014712": "accessing everything that you have.", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00033-00014784-00015672": "All of those like company rules or specifications that you have to follow in order to,", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00034-00015776-00016328": "ideally, maximize profit from the work that you're doing.", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00035-00016400-00016512": "And then, finally, the people.", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00036-00016512-00017136": "The people who are actually putting work into the system are what give that system value, because", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00037-00017136-00017544": "you can have all the computers, you can have all the software, you can try to automate as much as", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00038-00017544-00018168": "you can with machine learning, but, fundamentally, at some point, you need people in your system.", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00039-00018168-00018664": "Whether they're organizing the system themselves or whether they are building the tools that you", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00040-00018664-00019272": "need or working… you know, doing work with the data or stuff like that, you don't…", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00041-00019272-00019792": "you can't get value out of the system without having people in there somewhere.", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00042-00019792-00020272": "No matter how much you try to automate, you still need people to some extent.", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00043-00020496-00020816": "Now, information systems sound pretty similar", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00044-00020816-00021184": "to another term that you might have heard called information technology.", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00045-00021184-00021432": "Information technology is specifically the products,", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00046-00021432-00021656": "methods, and standards used to produce information.", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00047-00021656-00022144": "So, that is the hardware that you're buying, the services that you are renting,", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00048-00022144-00022760": "the services that you might be creating, or the rules that you make in terms of", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00049-00022760-00023048": "how the services are used within your company and stuff like that.", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00050-00023048-00023304": "That all is information technology.", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00051-00023304-00023640": "They sound similar, but there are some very key differences.", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00052-00023728-00023912": "The biggest difference between", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00053-00023912-00024336": "information tech and information systems is that you can buy information technology—", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00054-00024336-00024824": "you can buy all those computers, you can buy all that software, all of that kind of stuff—", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00055-00024824-00025432": "but you have to create the information system from that information tech.", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00056-00025432-00025856": "You have to put all that technology in the right place; you have to hire", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00057-00025856-00026783": "the people to run that information technology; you have to create the workflow yourself.", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00058-00026976-00027552": "And managing an information system, managing all of the people who are part of it,", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00059-00027552-00028120": "managing the workflows and the methods that you use—all of that is MIS.", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00060-00028120-00028352": "All of that is information systems management.", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00061-00028456-00029039": "The management of information systems is what we are primarily talking about in this class.", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00062-00029039-00029583": "This is how you make yourself valuable in this sense.", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00063-00029704-00030256": "As a person who is a part of a business, it is your job to know the systems that fall", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00064-00030256-00030336": "under your position.", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00065-00030336-00030639": "And this doesn't just mean if you're a manager.", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00066-00030639-00030983": "You have to know the entire system that you are managing, right?", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00067-00031048-00031360": "Let's say you are working as a marketer.", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00068-00031495-00031816": "You still have a system that you have to manage.", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00069-00031816-00032312": "You have systems for collecting user data.", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00070-00032312-00032848": "Maybe that system is being created by someone who has a lot of technical knowledge, right?", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00071-00032848-00033088": "But, at some point, you are getting that user data.", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00072-00033088-00033352": "You have to interpret that user data.", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00073-00033352-00034096": "You have to figure out how to transform that data into effective marketing for your company.", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00074-00034096-00034504": "So you, in a sense, are building an information system", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00075-00034504-00034896": "to accomplish that process, and you have to be able to manage it.", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00076-00034896-00035392": "Whether that information system includes people who aren't you or whether that information system", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00077-00035392-00035856": "is just you and the software and hardware you're working with and the procedures", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00078-00035856-00036232": "that you are making in order to create that effective marketing,", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00079-00036232-00036592": "that's still an information system that you have to learn how to effectively manage.", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00080-00036592-00037088": "So, at every level of a business, there is an information system that you're working with,", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00081-00037088-00037496": "and there… that means that you have to manage that information system.", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00082-00037496-00037976": "So, no matter what you're trying to do, whether you're getting into marketing, or accounting,", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00083-00037976-00038440": "or actual management… management of information systems is vital.", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00084-00038600-00039048": "Now, what's important to mention is that management of an information system doesn't just", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00085-00039048-00039680": "mean, you know, creating the system, or, if your system needs something, adding something to it,", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00086-00039680-00039992": "or just making sure that the system is running great, right?", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00087-00040056-00040376": "Another key part of managing an information system", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00088-00040376-00040856": "is knowing when adding something to your system would actually be bad—", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00089-00040952-00041200": "it might cause problems, you might waste resources,", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00090-00041200-00041656": "or you might completely destroy your system, and it would be a really bad thing.", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00091-00041656-00042216": "So, as an example, going back to this marketing idea, imagine that you are", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00092-00042216-00042592": "in charge of a marketing department, and your boss comes up to you and says,", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00093-00042592-00042984": "“Hey, everybody is getting really into AI-generated art.", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00094-00043040-00043368": "I want you to incorporate that into your marketing strategies,”", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00095-00043480-00043584": "and then just walks off.", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00096-00043752-00044000": "You need to be able…", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00097-00044000-00044664": "instead of just saying, you know, yes to it because this person is your boss, right?", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00098-00044720-00045344": "You need to be able to evaluate your system, evaluate these AI", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00099-00045344-00045864": "art-generating technologies and decide whether or not that's a good idea.", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00100-00045864-00046024": "You need to evaluate the technology and say,", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00101-00046024-00046296": "“Okay, well, why do we need it?”", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00102-00046352-00046736": "“What benefit does it give us to use this service?”", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00103-00046736-00047152": "“Does the cost of either developing a service like this", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00104-00047152-00047520": "or renting out a service that has already been developed…”", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00105-00047520-00048064": "“Does that outweigh the benefits that we would get from, say, possibly saving money by", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00106-00048176-00048680": "automatically generating material that we can use in marketing?”", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00107-00048680-00048984": "You have to ask yourself all these kinds of questions.", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00108-00048984-00049560": "You have to be able to do the research into the systems in order to go back to your boss and say,", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00109-00049648-00050056": "“No, I don't think this is a good idea, and here is why,”", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00110-00050056-00050584": "with all the facts and figures and calculations and experiments that you've done,", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00111-00050640-00050800": "or to go back to your boss and say,", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00112-00050920-00051328": "“Here is how we can effectively implement this into our strategy.”", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00113-00051448-00051679": "I want to bring up another example of this.", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00114-00051679-00052240": "I want you to think about how many people jumped on cryptocurrency", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00115-00052240-00052632": "because it was being touted as the new investment.", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00116-00052632-00053032": "People were seeing it as a new stock market that they could get into.", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00117-00053032-00053352": "They're seeing NFTs as new assets that,", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00118-00053352-00053879": "without question, would appreciate in value, that they could then sell off later.", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00119-00054048-00054655": "Imagine how many people were doing that without the technical knowledge of what", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00120-00054655-00055279": "cryptocurrency is, what is a blockchain, how are things validated on the blockchain,", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00121-00055279-00055904": "what is the cost of mining cryptocurrency, what are the forces that actually make cryptocurrency", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00122-00056032-00056376": "theoretically increase in value over time.", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00123-00056576-00057184": "How many people lost everything because they couldn't see through the jargon and realize", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00124-00057264-00057655": "some of the negatives to investing in cryptocurrency like that?", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00125-00057655-00058160": "How many people lost everything because they saw all the jargon, they saw a bunch of people", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00126-00058160-00058767": "coming in, and they didn't realize that a lot of these cryptocurrency opportunities", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00127-00058767-00059016": "were just rug pulls waiting to happen?", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00128-00059136-00059624": "How many people were trying to, you know…", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00129-00059712-00060320": "overlook people who were offering criticism of these certainties,", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00130-00060320-00060808": "dismissing them because they are spreading FUD—you know, fear, uncertainty, and doubt—", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00131-00060888-00061216": "before losing everything on the market, right?", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00132-00061416-00061664": "I want you to keep examples like this in mind", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00133-00061720-00062304": "as you go forward, because this is the importance of being able to evaluate a system.", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00134-00062304-00062752": "And, not only that, if you don't have the knowledge to evaluate a system yourself,", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00135-00062824-00063136": "of figuring out who is an expert in this.", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00136-00063136-00063784": "Who can I go to in order to figure out what I need to know about making this decision?", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00137-00063920-00064096": "Who can I talk to about this?", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00138-00064096-00064608": "Who… who can I gain information about to determine if a certain solution is", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00139-00064672-00064904": "the right solution for me?", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00140-00065176-00065808": "A fun exercise I want to offer you is to pretend that you", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00141-00065864-00066216": "are working at a company, and your boss says,", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00142-00066296-00066824": "“I want to put medical records on the blockchain. I want to use the blockchain to validate", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00143-00066912-00067600": "people's medical records so they know that there's no, you know, mistakes in their medical records.”", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00144-00067688-00068064": "How would you go about finding out if that's a good idea, and do you think that's a good idea?", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00145-00068064-00068504": "I'm not going to grade you on this, but it's a fun question, I think.", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00146-00068560-00068912": "If you want to get some experience", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00147-00068912-00069280": "learning about what the blockchain is, learning about the different laws that", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00148-00069336-00069896": "go around the sharing of medical records, and whether or not this may or may not be a good idea.", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00149-00070016-00070368": "No pressure to do it, but might be fun to try!", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00150-00070560-00071320": "Anyway, I talk a lot about data and information, and information is used in the three big acronyms", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00151-00071320-00071912": "that we've just been talking about for quite a while now, and I never defined information.", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00152-00071912-00072144": "What is information?", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00153-00072376-00072872": "How much time do you have? Because there there are a lot of different ways of", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00154-00072872-00073032": "talking about information.", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00155-00073032-00073864": "There are people who spend entire graduate degrees formulating things about information.", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00156-00073864-00074112": "What makes information, information?", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00157-00074112-00074424": "How can we preserve information?", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00158-00074424-00074600": "How can we get information?", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00159-00074696-00074872": "How do we store information?", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00160-00074872-00075120": "How can we compress it and uncompress it?", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00161-00075120-00075312": "Entropy… all that kind of stuff.", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00162-00075312-00075792": "Information science is absolutely fascinating, and we do not have time to cover it.", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00163-00075792-00076520": "So, let's talk about information at a higher level, and let's talk about it in terms of data.", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00164-00076600-00076928": "Data are recorded facts or figures.", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00165-00077016-00077696": "We get user interaction data from, you know, seeing what websites", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00166-00077696-00078176": "people click on, what… what actual links people click on on our websites.", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00167-00078176-00078800": "Amazon gets a lot of user interaction data specifically from the searches that people make,", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00168-00078800-00079192": "the links that they click on, whether they add them to certain wish lists with certain names,", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00169-00079192-00079536": "or whether they add them to the cart immediately and buy, all that kind of stuff.", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00170-00079536-00080056": "That is all recorded facts about what people are doing.", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00171-00080056-00080504": "And then the figures that they're referring to here… are could be the numbers,", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00172-00080504-00081208": "the actual numerical data that you might get from, in terms of like time… spent looking at a website,", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00173-00081208-00081688": "or time spent looking at an ad, or time spent before skipping a video on YouTube,", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00174-00081688-00082336": "or something like that, or it might be the graphs that you make out of data points.", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00175-00082624-00083104": "Now, information, on the other hand, is the knowledge that we derive from data.", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00176-00083104-00083576": "It's what we get when we look at data, and we say,", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00177-00083576-00084408": "“Oh, well this is what that data means. This is what the data can tell us about our customers or", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00178-00084408-00085040": "our sales performance or whatever we're trying to learn about from that data.”", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00179-00085040-00085656": "When we actually have learned something useful, that is information.", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00180-00085784-00086056": "It's data presented in a meaningful context.", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00181-00086056-00086456": "So I talked about graphs earlier, but, when we actually have, you know,", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00182-00086512-00087120": "a graph with proper labels so we can see what this graph is representing,", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00183-00087264-00087960": "when we have lines of best fit that show, you know, this is what we can expect", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00184-00088040-00088624": "things to look like in the future assuming things continue to progress in the same way.", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00185-00088840-00089192": "We can also consider information to be data having undergone", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00186-00089192-00089592": "a transformation into something meaningful.", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00187-00089592-00090336": "We apply some sort of prog— process in order to understand what that data means.", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00188-00090336-00091000": "So, if we have a whole bunch of user watch times on a video, you know, that's just a whole bunch", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00189-00091000-00091496": "of, like, user one watched this amount, user two watched this amount, user three watch this amount.", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00190-00091496-00091800": "But, if we transform that data and we say,", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00191-00091800-00092312": "“Okay, well, what part of the video are people not watching?”", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00192-00092432-00093032": "then we can see what useful thing users are getting out of this.", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00193-00093032-00093664": "Maybe they say, okay, well they are skipping my sponsored segment at the end of this video,", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00194-00093848-00094272": "so maybe I should instead put the sponsor segment at the beginning", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00195-00094272-00094632": "so that they have to watch it in order to watch the rest of the video, right?", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00196-00094632-00095032": "In this one example of YouTube watch time,", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00197-00095096-00095512": "this is an example of processing data (which is the watch time)", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00198-00095512-00095880": "into information (the part that users are skipping),", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00199-00095984-00096288": "and then using that to inform future decisions", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00200-00096288-00096784": "(the decision to put a sponsor segment at the beginning of a video).", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00201-00096888-00097400": "Any good information system aims to create meaning from data.", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00202-00097400-00097968": "Collecting data is easy, but, when you're building an information system, you want to take that data,", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00203-00098048-00098464": "and you want to actually get information out of it.", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00204-00098464-00098936": "A system’s value lies in the information it can extrapolate.", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00205-00098936-00099224": "I gave the example of the marketing agent getting", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00206-00099344-00099712": "data about users and using that to inform their marketing.", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00207-00099712-00099840": "The information system…", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00208-00099936-00100520": "The… The information that your marketing system, your marketing information system,", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00209-00100592-00101248": "should be able to create is stuff like users interests that you can then exploit into", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00210-00101248-00102104": "making marketing material, or the products that users are buying that you can then use to say,", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00211-00102104-00102472": "“Okay, well, we're going to focus on pushing this product even further", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00212-00102472-00102864": "because users really seem to like it, or we're going to do this type of marketing", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00213-00102864-00103296": "on the less popular products so more people buy it,” or something like that.", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00214-00103352-00103928": "That is how a marketing person's user system would be creating meaning from data.", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00215-00103928-00104440": "And, if it's creating good information from that data, then that marketing person…", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00216-00104440-00104744": "that marketing person's system and, consequently,", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00217-00104744-00105248": "that marketing person themselves are both very valuable in the business.", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00218-00105359-00106120": "This is the reason why Facebook and Google and Amazon have so much net worth:", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00219-00106120-00107135": "because they have extremely powerful systems that can extrapolate a huge amount of data from…", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00220-00107135-00107544": "or a huge amount of information from user data.", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00221-00107544-00108304": "They're able to create these horrifyingly complete profiles on their users based on the", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00222-00108304-00108792": "data… based on the huge amount of data that they're actually getting from their users.", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00223-00108792-00109040": "An example of this is Facebook creating", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00224-00109040-00109600": "what's known as shadow profiles for people who don't actually exist on Facebook but yet", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00225-00109600-00110183": "that they're able to infer exist as people through their friends that have Facebook.", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00226-00110183-00110504": "So, if you don't personally have a Facebook, but you're ending", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00227-00110504-00110983": "up in a lot of Facebook photos that your friends are taking—they're taking a lot", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00228-00110983-00111559": "of photos with you and then they're putting them on Facebook— Facebook knows that that you exist.", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00229-00111559-00111944": "They have created a shadow profile about you, and they", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00230-00111944-00112592": "are trying to figure out what your interests are so that they could possibly market to you.", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00231-00112792-00113600": "That kind of technology, the technology to not just understand people on an individual level", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00232-00113600-00114359": "but also on a community level, to make these giant graph-theoretical models about people…", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00233-00114464-00114696": "that is what gives Facebook and—", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00234-00114696-00115072": "or, I guess they're called Meta now. I hate that they're called Meta to be honest—", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00235-00115072-00115400": "But Meta, and Google, and Amazon…", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00236-00115528-00115880": "All of that is why they are so valuable as companies.", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00237-00115935-00116344": "And, hey, if you want to learn the finer details about the horrifying amount of information they're", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00238-00116344-00116808": "able to collect on you and how they're able to collect that horrifying amount of information,", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00239-00116872-00117040": "I'm happy to talk about it.", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00240-00117040-00117320": "We just don't quite have time for it in this video, unfortunately.", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00241-00117488-00118576": "Information is derived from data, so, necessarily, that means that information relies on data.", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00242-00118744-00119800": "And, not only that, but the value of information is bounded by how good that data actually is.", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00243-00119800-00120496": "Now, what I mean by that is that your information can only be as good as your data is.", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00244-00120496-00120904": "Now, you can have bad information come from good", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00245-00120904-00121304": "data, especially if there's a flaw in your information system or something like that.", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00246-00121416-00121552": "But, you can't have", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00247-00121735-00122408": "really, really, really, really, really good information come from mid-to-low-quality data.", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00248-00122472-00122808": "If you have bad data, then the best information that you can", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00249-00122808-00123080": "get out of that is, “We need to get better data.”", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00250-00123168-00123680": "So, you can only get valuable information from good data.", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00251-00123680-00124032": "Now, let's talk about the characteristics that actually make data good.", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00252-00124144-00124711": "Your data has to be accurate; it has to accurately reflect the world, and it has", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00253-00124711-00125224": "to accurately reflect, specifically, the things that you're trying to measure using that data.", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00254-00125224-00125552": "So, for the YouTube watch time example, right?", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00255-00125664-00126416": "If you are figuring… if you're trying to figure out where your users stop actually watching the", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00256-00126416-00127056": "videos, you need to make sure that that is indeed where they stop watching the videos.", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00257-00127056-00127488": "If the numbers are wrong, you might get a wrong impression that, like,", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00258-00127488-00127888": "“Oh, well, this part of the video was bad, and I shouldn't do that kind of thing in the future,”", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00259-00127983-00128168": "when, in reality, maybe a lot of these", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00260-00128168-00128759": "users liked that, and then, for whatever reason, the watch time data is, you know,", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00261-00128759-00129368": "whatever functions were collecting that watch time data messed up, and you're getting bad data.", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00262-00129368-00129759": "Another example might be the number of clicks", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00263-00129759-00130111": "that you're actually getting on different advertisements,", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00264-00130256-00130535": "if people are actually clicking those advertisements or not.", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00265-00130592-00131312": "And, if you're getting a lot more clicks than users actually clicking on the ads, if you have,", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00266-00131312-00131808": "like, bots that are clicking your ads for you, you might get the imper—the impression", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00267-00131808-00132408": "that certain products that were being advertised are actually more popular than they really were,", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00268-00132496-00132896": "when, in reality, maybe someone is like maliciously clicking ads in order to make", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00269-00132896-00133472": "you waste resources, or maybe there's some scheme to try to get maximum ad revenue", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00270-00133472-00134176": "by clicking ads and stuff like that, and you are kind of on the butt end of that.", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00271-00134176-00134544": "So, you need to make sure that the data that's coming in is actually accurate.", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00272-00134544-00135056": "You need to have measures in place to actually verify the accuracy of that data,", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00273-00135056-00135328": "especially when you're creating a new system for the first time.", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00274-00135328-00135568": "You don't want to be relying on inaccurate data.", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00275-00135680-00136048": "The next good characteristic is timeliness.", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00276-00136048-00136528": "So, if you wait a long time between collecting your data", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00277-00136528-00137000": "and actually trying to get information from that data, that data may not be relevant anymore.", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00278-00137000-00137760": "And a really simple example of this is if you are running marketing for a store, and,", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00279-00137760-00138264": "in September and October, a lot of users are buying Halloween decorations, right?", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00280-00138384-00138912": "So then, in January, maybe you're doing you're running, uh, some algorithms to", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00281-00138968-00139464": "see, you know, how much people are buying certain products,", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00282-00139464-00139880": "and you see this huge spike in people buying Halloween decorations, and you say,", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00283-00139952-00140192": "“Okay, that's fantastic, people love Halloween decorations!", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00284-00140192-00140480": "“We should just start stocking Halloween decorations right now,", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00285-00140480-00140688": "“and start pushing these really hard with our marketing!”", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00286-00140832-00141152": "You might flop with that, because people…", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00287-00141248-00141664": "I mean, okay, to be fair, there's a lot of people who are in the Halloween mood", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00288-00141744-00142224": "all year round, but not enough to actually make a business off of them, unfortunately.", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00289-00142304-00142728": "Except for one business. There's one business in San Luis Obispo that's like a 24/7 Halloween", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00290-00142728-00143136": "store—I don't know how they're still open, but they, you know, they keep on trucking.", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00291-00143232-00143672": "But you probably won't have that kind of resources to run", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00292-00143672-00144496": "a year-round Halloween promotion kind of thing and actually make a lot of, you know, money off of it.", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00293-00144496-00144928": "There's a reason why Spirit Halloween isn't around all year round.", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00294-00145096-00145600": "So, in that example, what really hurt you was the timeliness of your data,", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00295-00145600-00146072": "because you waited three months or so to actually evaluate your data.", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00296-00146168-00146376": "You then come to the conclusion that like,", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00297-00146376-00146760": "“Okay well a lot of people are into Halloween, we need to push that stuff right now,”", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00298-00146760-00146968": "and that could lead to disaster.", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00299-00146968-00147240": "So, you gotta stay on top of your data.", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00300-00147240-00147584": "You have to know how long it's going to be relevant for,", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00301-00147584-00147944": "and, when it's no longer relevant, you have to throw it out, or, you know,", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00302-00147944-00148264": "archive it so that you can use it for like histograms or something like that.", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00303-00148264-00148584": "But you have to collect new stuff and use it in a timely manner.", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00304-00148792-00149272": "Another good characteristic of data is relevance, and that relevance is going", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00305-00149272-00149856": "to be specifically relevance to your system, to the projects that you're trying to work on.", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00306-00149856-00150624": "So, if you are an accountant, is customer data relevant to you?", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00307-00150696-00151160": "No, the data that's going to be relevant to you is data about employee pay,", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00308-00151160-00151456": "because your systems are probably going to be calculating things like", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00309-00151576-00152184": "median pay, average pay, pay to work performance, like all that kind of stuff.", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00310-00152184-00152552": "You're not really going to be worried about the customer side of things.", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00311-00152552-00152992": "And, similarly, if you're in marketing, you're not going to be worried about", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00312-00152992-00153200": "data… about employee pay.", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00313-00153272-00153800": "Well, okay, you should be worried about your pay and your coworkers pay to make", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00314-00153800-00154272": "sure that you all are being paid fairly in any company. That's a really big, important thing.", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00315-00154272-00154888": "But, for your information system, it doesn't happen to be relevant in that case.", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00316-00154888-00155336": "So, data relevance is really important to having good information.", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00317-00155336-00155656": "If you have a lot of irrelevant data, then your", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00318-00155656-00155968": "information that you're getting out of that is only going to be confused.", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00319-00156032-00156208": "It's going to be obfuscated in some way.", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00320-00156208-00156608": "You're not really going to be able to actually get a clear picture of what's going on,", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00321-00156608-00157032": "and that decreases the quality of the information that you're getting.", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00322-00157032-00157336": "Now, in a similar aspect to what I was just talking about,", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00323-00157336-00157600": "your data should be just barely sufficient.", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00324-00157600-00158120": "You should have enough data to actually perform the tasks that you're trying to,", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00325-00158120-00158656": "but then you shouldn't have much more than that for the same reason that I just talked about.", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00326-00158656-00159136": "If you have too much data, it can be really, really hard to", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00327-00159296-00159528": "actually get meaningful information out of there.", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00328-00159528-00160120": "If you are doing marketing for a computer company like Apple or something like that,", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00329-00160120-00160728": "you're trying to figure out how much… you know, like, what products people are buying,", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00330-00160832-00161200": "how many people are buying a certain product, and you're trying to compare that across", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00331-00161200-00161560": "Apple's line of products, and maybe going back a few years to", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00332-00161560-00162080": "compare, like, growth in consumer base or shrinkage in consumer base, right?", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00333-00162144-00162528": "Does it make sense to go all the way back to the year 2000 and look at,", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00334-00162528-00162880": "you know… or like, the early 2000s, and look at the early iPods?", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00335-00162984-00163504": "Or does it make more sense to maybe restrict the data that you're working with to the past", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00336-00163504-00164184": "couple of years to see consumer growth in more recent times with more relevant product lines?", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00337-00164288-00164728": "So, you shouldn't be taking too much data just in case, or something like that.", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00338-00164728-00165320": "Your data should be sufficient to accomplish the tasks that you're doing, but just barely so.", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00339-00165320-00165624": "Much more than that, and you get confused.", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00340-00165760-00166088": "And, finally, data should be worth its cost.", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00341-00166088-00166520": "I talk about information systems having a certain value based on", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00342-00166520-00166824": "the information that they're able to get.", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00343-00166824-00167016": "Well, then, that's going to be based on…", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00344-00167072-00167792": "you know, that… that information system’s value is then necessarily based on the value of the data.", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00345-00167848-00168360": "And, if you're not getting enough data out… like, enough value out of your data,", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00346-00168488-00168680": "then it's not going to be worth the cost.", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00347-00168680-00168960": "It costs money to generate data.", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00348-00168960-00169264": "Whether you're doing that yourself… that means,", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00349-00169264-00169600": "you know, running machine learning systems on your own servers.", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00350-00169600-00170112": "That has a hardware cost; a software cost; a personnel cost, because someone", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00351-00170112-00170480": "actually has to make those systems; it has an electricity cost; all that kind of stuff.", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00352-00170544-00170872": "Or, if you're outsourcing it to another company,", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00353-00170944-00171248": "which, you know, they have their own costs, and they're trying to make a profit,", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00354-00171248-00171680": "so they're charging you a certain amount to actually collect that data.", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00355-00171760-00172496": "No matter what, data always has some sort of associated cost, and that cost has to be", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00356-00172560-00172952": "less than the amount of value that you're getting out of your system.", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00357-00173176-00173800": "So, data has to be worth its cost in order to have good information because", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00358-00173800-00174136": "the value of information, the… the monetary value of information", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00359-00174224-00174712": "is included in terms, of you know, how valuable that information is.", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00360-00174864-00175280": "So, these are the core fundamentals of information systems.", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00361-00175280-00175760": "It's all about information, the systems that generate information from data;", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00362-00175760-00176320": "it's all about data, and, you know, the actual management of those information systems, which…", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00363-00176416-00177096": "that is going to play a huge role in any position that you take, no matter what, so…", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00364-00177096-00177504": "Thank you all very much for watching! In the next chapter we're going to…", "5oZxFxreRhQ-00365-00177504-00177952": "Er, in the next video—my apologies—we're going to talk about ethics."}}, {"audio_id": "50do9bOIOXU", "text": {"50do9bOIOXU-00000-00000792-00001340": "Hi I'm Rafi Wilkinson with Indiana Dunes National Park. I'm here at Tolleston Dunes", "50do9bOIOXU-00001-00001340-00001868": "one of my personal favorite trails here. We have over 50 miles of trails and", "50do9bOIOXU-00002-00001868-00002189": "fourteen different trail systems and this is really one of our most", "50do9bOIOXU-00003-00002189-00002749": "overlooked. This is a 2.9 mile trail and it really gets a lot of varied habitats", "50do9bOIOXU-00004-00002749-00003202": "from wetlands to some of the really best oak savanna we have here and really nice", "50do9bOIOXU-00005-00003202-00003829": "views and this time of year early summer. We also have great lupines and prickly", "50do9bOIOXU-00006-00003829-00004166": "pear cactus to see and it's just absolutely a great hike and on a busy", "50do9bOIOXU-00007-00004166-00004394": "weekend. I really recommend coming here instead", "50do9bOIOXU-00008-00004394-00004944": "of waiting in line for other places. So follow me as we take this hike.", "50do9bOIOXU-00009-00005898-00006225": "So, we've really just gotten started on this trail and already there's many", "50do9bOIOXU-00010-00006225-00006600": "interesting things to see for example, here we have a lot of black cherry trees", "50do9bOIOXU-00011-00006600-00007073": "gonna have this very distinctive bark that's peeling up. Going down the trail a", "50do9bOIOXU-00012-00007073-00007448": "little bit further here and we're gonna see really one of the showcases of this", "50do9bOIOXU-00013-00007448-00008043": "trail are the purple lupins that come up every spring sort of early summer.", "50do9bOIOXU-00014-00008043-00008304": "Just gorgeous and we're going to see thousands of these blanketing the", "50do9bOIOXU-00015-00008304-00008685": "hillsides a little bit further into the trail. Now we have some yellow puccoon here.", "50do9bOIOXU-00016-00008685-00009936": "Very very flashy. One of the best things I like about this trail is it is easy to see prickly pear cactus and although you know, found throughout", "50do9bOIOXU-00017-00009936-00010266": "the United States, they really like these sort of sandy soils here in the Indiana", "50do9bOIOXU-00018-00010266-00010611": "Dunes and we find them everywhere. I always find it amazing that they survive", "50do9bOIOXU-00019-00010611-00011052": "the winter quite well and they survive prescribed burns very well, and they will", "50do9bOIOXU-00020-00011052-00011484": "have beautiful flowers here within the next month. So just here of just this", "50do9bOIOXU-00021-00011484-00011750": "little bit of area, this is what Indiana Dunes is all about is this really,", "50do9bOIOXU-00022-00011750-00012308": "it's really condensed habitats and plants to see here.", "50do9bOIOXU-00023-00013979-00014481": "So we have arrived here at really the kind of start of the trail into the dunes.", "50do9bOIOXU-00024-00014481-00014907": "We've had a very nice sort of flat walk and sort of seen a lot the prickly", "50do9bOIOXU-00025-00014907-00015246": "pear cactus and stuff. One thing to note here as well, is that even though we're in", "50do9bOIOXU-00026-00015246-00015604": "Indiana Dunes and we're in Indiana you really need to be prepared for anything", "50do9bOIOXU-00027-00015604-00015993": "here. You know we obviously have all four seasons and we have dry weather and we", "50do9bOIOXU-00028-00015993-00016378": "certainly have wet weather. And so obviously, a rugged pair of hiking boots", "50do9bOIOXU-00029-00016378-00016704": "are something. You can expect to either see anything from, you know here,", "50do9bOIOXU-00030-00016704-00017131": "we have loose sand right up against a flooded trail and we those change week", "50do9bOIOXU-00031-00017131-00017440": "to week month to month. So you just got to be ready for it. But, we can see we're", "50do9bOIOXU-00032-00017440-00017757": "gonna be in for a real treat. We have nice lupines here that are gonna lead us", "50do9bOIOXU-00033-00017757-00018153": "into this trail. So let's see what's coming up next.", "50do9bOIOXU-00034-00019459-00019853": "So we've now arrived at a really cool feature of this trail it's called the", "50do9bOIOXU-00035-00019853-00020237": "inland marsh it's part of our extensive wetland system that permeates throughout the Indiana Dunes.", "50do9bOIOXU-00036-00020237-00020782": "The wetlands here was formed around 3,500 years ago when we", "50do9bOIOXU-00037-00020782-00021409": "had a lake level drop leaving these 3,500 year old dunes here. The water table rose", "50do9bOIOXU-00038-00021409-00022018": "up to, ah, create this marsh and it's just filled with birds and other", "50do9bOIOXU-00039-00022018-00022435": "aquatic plants and in fact when we just arrived here a mallard and some wood", "50do9bOIOXU-00040-00022435-00022993": "ducks flew off. So ah, I do want to point out that one will see that it being a marsh,", "50do9bOIOXU-00041-00022993-00023309": "the water can be high, it can be low, and so obviously plan", "50do9bOIOXU-00042-00023309-00023681": "accordingly and wear boots. But, well worth it and just a real gem on this trail.", "50do9bOIOXU-00043-00023681-00023907": "(ranger walking through high water)", "50do9bOIOXU-00044-00024331-00025683": "I made it!", "50do9bOIOXU-00045-00025683-00026076": "So, I'm at another point along the boardwalkk section we're over the inland marsh here and what I really want to point out is we can see here,", "50do9bOIOXU-00046-00026076-00026602": "really, an encasing dune that is all part of the Tolleston Dunes. These are all", "50do9bOIOXU-00047-00026602-00027039": "parabolic dunes and as the wind was blowing it pushed the sand into these arcs.", "50do9bOIOXU-00048-00027039-00027625": "What's unique here, is these are not the same direction as today's dunes. So", "50do9bOIOXU-00049-00027625-00028038": "we're still forming these parabolic dunes but this is part of a 3500 year", "50do9bOIOXU-00050-00028038-00028404": "old layer in which the wind was different. The wind was more out of the", "50do9bOIOXU-00051-00028404-00028735": "west-northwest as opposed to mainly out of the north when we have our strong .storms", "50do9bOIOXU-00052-00028735-00029269": "So this is evidence of an earlier time again around 3,500 years old but we", "50do9bOIOXU-00053-00029269-00029572": "see what it's left us here is as the dunes formed the water table actually", "50do9bOIOXU-00054-00029572-00029944": "came up to form these beautiful wetlands this one over here just covered in", "50do9bOIOXU-00055-00029944-00030243": "lovely grasses.", "50do9bOIOXU-00056-00030994-00031320": "So I've stopped on the trail here because I found some pretty interesting", "50do9bOIOXU-00057-00031320-00031677": "things to point out. Certainly first and foremost, here we have our lupines.", "50do9bOIOXU-00058-00031677-00032101": "They really just blanket the oak savanna here and I think they're just beautiful.", "50do9bOIOXU-00059-00032101-00032445": "And they're part of the legume family, they've been used as a food source,", "50do9bOIOXU-00060-00032445-00032974": "really worldwide for over 3,000 years. And they also are very important for a", "50do9bOIOXU-00061-00032974-00033280": "lot of butterflies during the larval stage of butterflies", "50do9bOIOXU-00062-00033280-00033652": "This is a food source for them so, they're very dependent upon the lupine.", "50do9bOIOXU-00063-00033652-00034033": "Right above this here, we have a sassafras tree that's starting to grow.", "50do9bOIOXU-00064-00034033-00034501": "Known for, obviously, for making a tea out of it but one of the interesting things", "50do9bOIOXU-00065-00034501-00034855": "about sassafras is they're one of the few trees that have very distinct leaf", "50do9bOIOXU-00066-00034855-00035203": "shapes we call mittens like so, here we have this, they can look like this, they", "50do9bOIOXU-00067-00035203-00035608": "can look like this, or here they can look together, so very interesting. And lastly", "50do9bOIOXU-00068-00035608-00035980": "we have more of our puccoons here that are also sort of spread throughout.", "50do9bOIOXU-00069-00035980-00036352": "This really delicate yellow flower that really just adds a lot of vibrant color", "50do9bOIOXU-00070-00036352-00036678": "to the to the trail.", "50do9bOIOXU-00071-00037033-00037413": "There are some really cool plants, obviously, we have this really showy this", "50do9bOIOXU-00072-00037413-00037890": "red columbine. Interesting to note, it's actually poisonous and can be toxic", "50do9bOIOXU-00073-00037890-00038241": "and so they actually recommend not to to touch it, certainly if you're going to", "50do9bOIOXU-00074-00038241-00038587": "work with a lot of plants but it's obviously very showy and provides a lot", "50do9bOIOXU-00075-00038587-00039081": "of contrast against the green. Here we have some raspberry growing here and", "50do9bOIOXU-00076-00039081-00039352": "then we have something called Solomon's seal. It's interesting this is called", "50do9bOIOXU-00077-00039352-00039912": "false Solomon's seal because the flower is on top or showy. Or the true Solomon's", "50do9bOIOXU-00078-00039912-00040353": "seal, the flower would be underneath, less showy. So just, obviously, just in", "50do9bOIOXU-00079-00040353-00041012": "this little area, we have so much going on. Let's see what else we can find.", "50do9bOIOXU-00080-00041325-00042084": "So what an incredible area. It just doesn't get any better than this. We just have patches of lupines everywhere. We actually arrived at the", "50do9bOIOXU-00081-00042084-00042546": "trail junction here for the cutoff. So we came from the parking lot, went up that", "50do9bOIOXU-00082-00042546-00042883": "first hill, we came to our trailhead, I always like to do the trail", "50do9bOIOXU-00083-00042883-00043327": "counterclockwise, we found the wetlands there, and now we have arrived here.", "50do9bOIOXU-00084-00043327-00043740": "If I go straight here, it's going to add about an extra mile on to the loop. Well worth it.", "50do9bOIOXU-00085-00043740-00044062": "If you have the time, the rest of this is going to be sort of undulating, through", "50do9bOIOXU-00086-00044062-00044487": "that the Tolleston Dunes. Taking a left here, it's gonna shorten", "50do9bOIOXU-00087-00044487-00044877": "about by about a mile. It still offers a really nice ridge line view but your", "50do9bOIOXU-00088-00044877-00045227": "choice, depending about how much time you have. Either way you're going to get this tremendous display", "50do9bOIOXU-00089-00045227-00046519": "of the lupines here for us.  Of all the spots in Indiana Dunes National Park,", "50do9bOIOXU-00090-00046519-00047331": "I really love this high area at Tolleston Dunes. Where high up in a dune ridge with these great views looking down,", "50do9bOIOXU-00091-00047361-00047859": "this is called oak savanna. It's a pretty rare habitat. There use to be over 50 million acres of this the United States.", "50do9bOIOXU-00092-00047859-00048444": "There is now less than a hundred thousand acres. Here at Indiana Dunes, we do maintain and restore", "50do9bOIOXU-00093-00048444-00048963": "about a thousand of those acres. In 2014 we were part of a 1 million", "50do9bOIOXU-00094-00048963-00049456": "dollar effort with Save the Dunes, Shirley Hines Land Trust and the Nature", "50do9bOIOXU-00095-00049456-00049890": "Conservancy to restore this and it's an ongoing project. What makes the oak", "50do9bOIOXU-00096-00049890-00050242": "savannas so interesting is that it's very sparse. We can see", "50do9bOIOXU-00097-00050242-00050566": "by the light down there's not a lot of under story here. We have all these lupines", "50do9bOIOXU-00098-00050566-00051250": "growing. But left alone, this will come up into a mature forest and so by lightning,", "50do9bOIOXU-00099-00051250-00051679": "by Native Americans and by now us doing prescribed burning fire is really", "50do9bOIOXU-00100-00051679-00052114": "important to these. This habitat it won't be here without fire and so we do", "50do9bOIOXU-00101-00052114-00052513": "maintain this now and it provides this wonderful understory and it's just one", "50do9bOIOXU-00102-00052513-00052854": "of the critical habitats here at Indiana Dunes and one of my absolute favorite", "50do9bOIOXU-00103-00052854-00053157": "places to be in the park.", "50do9bOIOXU-00104-00054095-00054517": "So one of the interesting things about Indiana Dunes is of course, topology,", "50do9bOIOXU-00105-00054517-00055001": "geography and so much of it is hills and sand dune.s And we can see that here", "50do9bOIOXU-00106-00055001-00055417": "obviously undulating terrain like this, but if you ever see a flat spot, I'm", "50do9bOIOXU-00107-00055417-00056099": "gonna walk over here, and you gotta ask yourself; how can this be so flat? Knowing", "50do9bOIOXU-00108-00056099-00056477": "that it was just sand blowing around forming the dunes. And unfortunate, what", "50do9bOIOXU-00109-00056477-00056882": "we have is an area of sand mining. It's very very popular throughout from the", "50do9bOIOXU-00110-00056882-00057430": "late 1800s through the mid 1900s and some actually still continues today. But", "50do9bOIOXU-00111-00057430-00057752": "we at the national park use those for a parking lot. So for instance, where", "50do9bOIOXU-00112-00057752-00058226": "our Tolleston Dune parking lot is flat, great for a parking lot because of a", "50do9bOIOXU-00113-00058226-00058780": "sand mine. West Beach, our largest 800 car parking lot, completely flat, that was", "50do9bOIOXU-00114-00058780-00059126": "completely sand mined out. So you know this park is obviously, we try to", "50do9bOIOXU-00115-00059126-00059564": "capitalize on wherever we have had human interference before with this, and then", "50do9bOIOXU-00116-00059564-00059896": "celebrate the natural areas.", "50do9bOIOXU-00117-00060261-00060619": "Wow, I just finished up a great hike here at Tolleson Dunes,", "50do9bOIOXU-00118-00060619-00061012": "saw the lupines, they were just magnificent today. But I do want to point", "50do9bOIOXU-00119-00061012-00061360": "out this hike is really great year-round. I love hiking it in the wintertime when", "50do9bOIOXU-00120-00061360-00061854": "there's snow on it, spring in the fall. Just remember like all of our hikes here.", "50do9bOIOXU-00121-00061854-00062248": "just come prepared Bring water, expect hot conditions or cold conditions", "50do9bOIOXU-00122-00062248-00062716": "or sometimes you know like deep water, like I saw today. And I also really", "50do9bOIOXU-00123-00062716-00063064": "want to encourage you, this is just one of 14 different trail systems. We have", "50do9bOIOXU-00124-00063064-00064410": "over 50 miles of great hikes here at Indiana Dunes National Park."}}, {"audio_id": "50grUaff6au", "text": {"50grUaff6au-00000-00000000-00000076": "Knu Knu Knu Knu Knu Knu!", "50grUaff6au-00001-00000076-00000266": "Ahhh Aahhh Ahhh Ahhh Again", "50grUaff6au-00002-00000266-00000442": "Knus Knus Nananoonanananaooo", "50grUaff6au-00003-00000442-00000609": "Knus Knus", "50grUaff6au-00004-00000609-00000788": "Kna, KnuKnu Kna, Kna", "50grUaff6au-00005-00000938-00001138": "Knanaaaa Unnnnnnnn", "50grUaff6au-00006-00001138-00001188": "Nanoo", "50grUaff6au-00007-00001188-00001388": "Nananoonanananaooo", "50grUaff6au-00008-00001388-00001588": "Knus Knus", "50grUaff6au-00009-00001588-00001788": "anananananansjwjsjqjfkwkwk", "50grUaff6au-00010-00001788-00001988": "rjfjsjdcfjwjdjejsqkwkej", "50grUaff6au-00011-00001988-00002188": "same dozens own", "50grUaff6au-00014-00002388-00002588": "aahahahahahahahah", "50grUaff6au-00015-00002588-00002788": "Captioning by tseW LeinaD", "50grUaff6au-00016-00002788-00002988": "Captian Stenaid Lasrevinu!", "50grUaff6au-00017-00002988-00003188": "Eyb Eyb Everyone", "50grUaff6au-00018-00003188-00003388": "Ebb Eyb", "50grUaff6au-00019-00003388-00003588": "Skylegend you make best Bobegnops StNaPeRaUqS Title Cards", "50grUaff6au-00020-00003588-00003788": "Thanks For Alot Of sweiV", "50grUaff6au-00021-00003788-00003988": "Eyb Eyb", "50grUaff6au-00022-00003988-00004188": "Fun Video Effects Television Signing Out", "50grUaff6au-00023-00004188-00004388": "Get Owned", "50grUaff6au-00024-00004388-00004588": "Owned", "50grUaff6au-00025-00004588-00004788": "Owned", "50grUaff6au-00026-00004788-00004988": "Owned", "50grUaff6au-00027-00004988-00005188": "Owned", "50grUaff6au-00028-00005188-00005388": "Owned", "50grUaff6au-00029-00005388-00005588": "Owned", "50grUaff6au-00030-00005588-00005788": "Owned", "50grUaff6au-00031-00005788-00005988": "wend"}}, {"audio_id": "50td-fSlf-E", "text": {"50td-fSlf-E-00000-00000324-00000640": "Glass is an amazing material", "50td-fSlf-E-00001-00000640-00001084": "and the processes to manufacture glass  have been with us for thousands of years.", "50td-fSlf-E-00002-00001460-00001684": "My name is Ngaio Fitzpatrick.", "50td-fSlf-E-00003-00001684-00001984": "I'm an artist and a bit of a vandal.", "50td-fSlf-E-00004-00002348-00002584": "A really important part of my practises", "50td-fSlf-E-00005-00002584-00002964": "sourcing these waste or redundant  sheets of glass.", "50td-fSlf-E-00006-00002964-00003204": "Filming the moment of fracture", "50td-fSlf-E-00007-00003468-00003728": "and then collecting these particles", "50td-fSlf-E-00008-00003728-00004120": "and putting them back together.", "50td-fSlf-E-00009-00004220-00004596": "That shattering, that resounding boom,", "50td-fSlf-E-00010-00004596-00005168": "that disastrous action, the adrenaline  and feel so alive in that moment.", "50td-fSlf-E-00011-00005168-00005360": "And I thought, how can I repeat this?", "50td-fSlf-E-00012-00005360-00005516": "How can I keep going with this?", "50td-fSlf-E-00013-00005644-00006064": "Quite often the first thing  I'll do is smash it.", "50td-fSlf-E-00014-00006064-00006459": "And why not make a spectacle  that speaks about something", "50td-fSlf-E-00015-00006459-00006748": "that looks really strong  that is technically hard to break.", "50td-fSlf-E-00016-00006748-00007140": "I found that a really interesting metaphor  for the effect that humans are", "50td-fSlf-E-00017-00007140-00007240": "having on the environment.", "50td-fSlf-E-00018-00007364-00007664": "I wanted to be so  involved with a real world problem.", "50td-fSlf-E-00019-00007664-00007972": "Here was the opportunity  to speak about something,", "50td-fSlf-E-00020-00007972-00008572": "some crisis that we have found ourselves  in and use beautiful objects,", "50td-fSlf-E-00021-00008572-00008776": "I believe, to draw people in.", "50td-fSlf-E-00022-00009300-00009668": "You're not entirely sure  what you're going to get.", "50td-fSlf-E-00023-00009668-00010064": "Every shape, every iteration  is completely different.", "50td-fSlf-E-00024-00010332-00010604": "What I'm doing is laying out", "50td-fSlf-E-00025-00010604-00010960": "the beginnings of a lace doily structure.", "50td-fSlf-E-00026-00010960-00011276": "And what I want is  the glass to be spread out.", "50td-fSlf-E-00027-00011276-00011588": "But it needs to be all touching  so that it can fuse.", "50td-fSlf-E-00028-00011588-00011964": "And I also want this type of lacy look.", "50td-fSlf-E-00029-00011964-00012320": "Glass is phenomenal being a liquid solid.", "50td-fSlf-E-00030-00012320-00012940": "So one of the most interesting aspects  was that if you look at a very old window,", "50td-fSlf-E-00031-00012940-00013332": "the glass will actually be thicker  at the bottom than at the top", "50td-fSlf-E-00032-00013332-00013724": "because it moves very,  very slowly over centuries", "50td-fSlf-E-00033-00013724-00013891": "to gather at the bottom of the window.", "50td-fSlf-E-00034-00014116-00014324": "There are so many  ways of working with the glass", "50td-fSlf-E-00035-00014324-00014747": "and the temperatures, and it took me many,  many years to work out", "50td-fSlf-E-00036-00014747-00015176": "how the temperature,  the way the glass responds", "50td-fSlf-E-00037-00015176-00015752": "so that I can maintain the integrity  of these amazing particles that I collect.", "50td-fSlf-E-00038-00015752-00016063": "I also try to capture movement", "50td-fSlf-E-00039-00016063-00016424": "and fluidity and trying to get that idea", "50td-fSlf-E-00040-00016424-00016908": "of a sea creature  that would be underwater and moving.", "50td-fSlf-E-00041-00016908-00017228": "And I derive a great deal of satisfaction.", "50td-fSlf-E-00042-00017448-00017800": "How do you combine", "50td-fSlf-E-00043-00017800-00018064": "the ideas, the biology,", "50td-fSlf-E-00044-00018064-00018460": "the chemistry into this object?", "50td-fSlf-E-00045-00018460-00018932": "How does the science feed  the art and the art", "50td-fSlf-E-00046-00018932-00019324": "possibly feed the science?", "50td-fSlf-E-00047-00019396-00019932": "I started making these coral structures  and the Great Barrier Reef, I think", "50td-fSlf-E-00048-00019932-00020372": "is a fantastic and very powerful symbol  of what we stand to lose.", "50td-fSlf-E-00049-00020372-00020616": "We know that it's had  its fourth bleaching.", "50td-fSlf-E-00050-00020616-00020868": "We know the potential to lose.", "50td-fSlf-E-00051-00020868-00021076": "It is about 95%.", "50td-fSlf-E-00052-00021076-00021460": "The waste glass, the lack of colour.", "50td-fSlf-E-00053-00021460-00021896": "To me, something  that's fragile, dangerous, easy to break.", "50td-fSlf-E-00054-00021896-00022240": "Just speaks so much of our relationship  to the environment.", "50td-fSlf-E-00055-00022240-00022684": "And we are trying to look at ways  how art and science", "50td-fSlf-E-00056-00022684-00023040": "can work on a solution.", "50td-fSlf-E-00057-00023040-00023476": "And I think the only way we're going to  sort them is through collaboration.", "50td-fSlf-E-00058-00023652-00024000": "Scientists and science  have the data and the facts,", "50td-fSlf-E-00059-00024000-00024512": "and they cannot use emotion,  the very human emotion,", "50td-fSlf-E-00060-00024512-00025048": "to speak about the results  of this hairy problem that we are facing.", "50td-fSlf-E-00061-00025048-00025140": "Whereas artists can."}}, {"audio_id": "50vSswObtpQ", "text": {"50vSswObtpQ-00000-00001291-00001927": "Hi, there my name is Dr. Scott Melideo, and in this short under 5-minute video, we are", "50vSswObtpQ-00001-00001927-00002392": "to go over what elements are cations and which ones are anions.", "50vSswObtpQ-00002-00002392-00002492": "Let’s quickly review some information.", "50vSswObtpQ-00003-00002492-00003084": "We need to remember that cations are positively charged because they are losing electrons,", "50vSswObtpQ-00004-00003084-00003576": "and anions are negatively charged because they are gaining electrons.", "50vSswObtpQ-00005-00003576-00004076": "The periodic table is an excellent resource for us to identify what elements are cations", "50vSswObtpQ-00006-00004076-00004364": "and anions.", "50vSswObtpQ-00007-00004364-00004905": "Looking at it, all the elements to the left of the staircase, are metals and they will", "50vSswObtpQ-00008-00004905-00005117": "form cations.", "50vSswObtpQ-00009-00005117-00005486": "Please be aware that hydrogen is a nonmetal.", "50vSswObtpQ-00010-00005486-00006071": "Everything to the left of the staircase in this direction are our nonmetals, and they", "50vSswObtpQ-00011-00006071-00006224": "are going to be our anions.", "50vSswObtpQ-00012-00006224-00006922": "It helps to think of metals and nonmetals as opposites, so if you can remember one,", "50vSswObtpQ-00013-00006922-00007078": "then to remember the other.", "50vSswObtpQ-00014-00007078-00007934": "To recap, metals are cations with positive charges, and nonmetals are anions with negative", "50vSswObtpQ-00015-00007934-00008105": "charges.", "50vSswObtpQ-00016-00008105-00008830": "In the next video, we will talk about determining how many electrons each element gains or loses", "50vSswObtpQ-00017-00008830-00009330": "by discussing the octet rule and a periodic trend.", "50vSswObtpQ-00018-00009330-00009441": "I hope this was helpful.", "50vSswObtpQ-00019-00009441-00009827": "Thank you for taking the time to watch this video!"}}, {"audio_id": "50xb9DD9SSA", "text": {"50xb9DD9SSA-00000-00000600-00000682": "(done)", "50xb9DD9SSA-00001-00000707-00000784": "(done)", "50xb9DD9SSA-00002-00000805-00000878": "(done)", "50xb9DD9SSA-00003-00000900-00000962": "(done)", "50xb9DD9SSA-00004-00001008-00001070": "(done)", "50xb9DD9SSA-00005-00001091-00001153": "(done)", "50xb9DD9SSA-00006-00001397-00001466": "(done)", "50xb9DD9SSA-00007-00001489-00001557": "(done)", "50xb9DD9SSA-00008-00001605-00001670": "(done)", "50xb9DD9SSA-00009-00001701-00001754": "(done)", "50xb9DD9SSA-00010-00001795-00001861": "(done)", "50xb9DD9SSA-00011-00001998-00002060": "(not)", "50xb9DD9SSA-00012-00002100-00002164": "(not)", "50xb9DD9SSA-00013-00002195-00002260": "(not)", "50xb9DD9SSA-00014-00002298-00002357": "(not)", "50xb9DD9SSA-00015-00002400-00002460": "(not)", "50xb9DD9SSA-00016-00002493-00002564": "(not)", "50xb9DD9SSA-00017-00002603-00002674": "(not)", "50xb9DD9SSA-00018-00002694-00002769": "(not)", "50xb9DD9SSA-00019-00002792-00002861": "(not)", "50xb9DD9SSA-00020-00002892-00002969": "(not)", "50xb9DD9SSA-00021-00002991-00003057": "(not)", "50xb9DD9SSA-00022-00003097-00003164": "(not)", "50xb9DD9SSA-00023-00003199-00003261": "(not)", "50xb9DD9SSA-00024-00003294-00003360": "(not)", "50xb9DD9SSA-00025-00003395-00003457": "(not)", "50xb9DD9SSA-00026-00003494-00003694": "(not)", "50xb9DD9SSA-00027-00007000-00007100": "mind", "50xb9DD9SSA-00028-00007100-00007211": "i sing", "50xb9DD9SSA-00029-00007623-00007783": "run along", "50xb9DD9SSA-00030-00008344-00008457": "run along", "50xb9DD9SSA-00031-00009148-00009241": "run along", "50xb9DD9SSA-00032-00014044-00014143": "you have to try", "50xb9DD9SSA-00033-00019307-00019722": "(into the sea )"}}, {"audio_id": "50KjK1wjAno", "text": {"50KjK1wjAno-00000-00000375-00000575": "Hey look at that Ohio bus...", "50KjK1wjAno-00001-00000897-00000980": "bye", "50KjK1wjAno-00002-00001469-00001552": "look at that 💀", "50KjK1wjAno-00003-00001991-00002672": "what💀💀💀💀💀", "50KjK1wjAno-00004-00005282-00005380": "come here duddy duddy duddy..", "50KjK1wjAno-00005-00005833-00005952": "want some treats?", "50KjK1wjAno-00006-00005952-00006096": "yes", "50KjK1wjAno-00007-00006775-00006840": "go get them", "50KjK1wjAno-00008-00006840-00006920": "ok", "50KjK1wjAno-00009-00007295-00007495": "1000×1000 huge cheap garage buy now", "50KjK1wjAno-00010-00007495-00007582": "only 40000 dudebucks", "50KjK1wjAno-00011-00007582-00007695": "go get it now in dudemaart", "50KjK1wjAno-00012-00007725-00007925": "get it now very limited edition", "50KjK1wjAno-00013-00007925-00008023": "only in dudemaart Ohio", "50KjK1wjAno-00014-00008023-00008123": "Ohio is the best", "50KjK1wjAno-00015-00010478-00010576": "stuck", "50KjK1wjAno-00016-00011618-00011716": "join now or OFC will kill you.", "50KjK1wjAno-00017-00011806-00012006": "just kidding", "50KjK1wjAno-00018-00012170-00012370": "join now our server is dying💀💀💀💀🥲"}}, {"audio_id": "5110MOKAMdy", "text": {"5110MOKAMdy-00000-00003064-00003864": "I have fought against white domination, and I have fought against black domination.", "5110MOKAMdy-00001-00003864-00004546": "I have cherished the idea of a democratic and free society.", "5110MOKAMdy-00002-00004546-00004938": "In which all persons will live together.", "5110MOKAMdy-00003-00004938-00005138": "In harmony", "5110MOKAMdy-00004-00005266-00005458": "and with equal opportunity.", "5110MOKAMdy-00005-00007158-00007672": "We shall fight in France, we shall fight on the seas and oceans.", "5110MOKAMdy-00006-00007672-00008214": "We shall fight with growing confidence and growing strength in the air,", "5110MOKAMdy-00007-00008248-00008684": "we shall defend our island, whatever the cost may be.", "5110MOKAMdy-00008-00008732-00009144": "We shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing grounds.", "5110MOKAMdy-00009-00009144-00009772": "We shall fight in the fields and in the streets, we shall fight in the hills.", "5110MOKAMdy-00010-00009772-00010034": "We shall never surrender!", "5110MOKAMdy-00011-00011880-00012194": "I am talking about genuine peace,", "5110MOKAMdy-00012-00012194-00012574": "the kind of peace that makes life on earth worth living.", "5110MOKAMdy-00013-00012574-00012891": "And the kind that enables men and nations to grow,", "5110MOKAMdy-00014-00012891-00013034": "and to hope,", "5110MOKAMdy-00015-00013034-00013256": "and build a better life for their children.", "5110MOKAMdy-00016-00013290-00013844": "Not merely peace for Americans, but peace for all men and women;", "5110MOKAMdy-00017-00013872-00014178": "Not merely peace in our time,", "5110MOKAMdy-00018-00014178-00014384": "but peace in all times.", "5110MOKAMdy-00019-00016276-00016508": "I have a dream!", "5110MOKAMdy-00020-00016652-00017044": "That my four little children", "5110MOKAMdy-00021-00017052-00017538": "will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin", "5110MOKAMdy-00022-00017538-00017770": "but by the content of their character.", "5110MOKAMdy-00023-00017770-00017970": "I have a dream today!", "5110MOKAMdy-00024-00020492-00021192": "Through our pain, we will make them see their injustice, and it will hurt.", "5110MOKAMdy-00025-00021192-00021426": "As all fighting hurts...", "5110MOKAMdy-00026-00021560-00021960": "but we cannot lose, we cannot!", "5110MOKAMdy-00027-00022180-00022842": "They may torture my body, break my bones, even kill me...", "5110MOKAMdy-00028-00022938-00023434": "Then, they will have my dead body,", "5110MOKAMdy-00029-00023434-00023682": "not my obedience!"}}, {"audio_id": "51rH8HUe2To", "text": {"51rH8HUe2To-00000-00001376-00001550": "This is not a lecture. There is no machine setting know-how.", "51rH8HUe2To-00001-00001570-00001988": "CYBER FOMULA, SUPER ASURADA 01 (made by Aoshima)", "51rH8HUe2To-00002-00002134-00002472": "The incident started with a some post at a minicar comunity.", "51rH8HUe2To-00003-00002822-00003124": "\"I hope CATDADDY makes that machine.\"", "51rH8HUe2To-00004-00003134-00003324": "Tell me. Why did you do it to me? ^^", "51rH8HUe2To-00005-00003332-00003526": "hahahahaha", "51rH8HUe2To-00006-00003610-00003804": "Hello, I'm CATDADDY~", "51rH8HUe2To-00007-00003804-00004040": "hahahahaha", "51rH8HUe2To-00008-00004380-00004690": "I was faced with a huge challenge.^^", "51rH8HUe2To-00009-00005540-00005884": "I received this kit as a gift a long time ago.", "51rH8HUe2To-00010-00005904-00006220": "I do it now because I have to.", "51rH8HUe2To-00011-00006672-00007302": "Thank you that there is someone who expects me.", "51rH8HUe2To-00012-00009390-00010318": "A long time ago, I first produced ASURADA GSX.", "51rH8HUe2To-00013-00012406-00012860": "This SUPER ASURADA 01 seems to be very difficult.", "51rH8HUe2To-00014-00012886-00013396": "There is nothing useful about the basic sticker. I made all new stickers myself.", "51rH8HUe2To-00015-00018026-00019296": "Today I am using the painting workroom inside the BIGBOX MINI4WD Stadium in Seoul.", "51rH8HUe2To-00016-00019962-00020516": "Thank you BIGBOX president.", "51rH8HUe2To-00017-00024802-00025384": "Drying with a hair dryer is fast.", "51rH8HUe2To-00018-00039612-00039902": "Apply a polarizing film to the black canopy.", "51rH8HUe2To-00019-00046360-00046468": "Why two?", "51rH8HUe2To-00020-00046476-00046656": "You had a hard time watching my work.", "51rH8HUe2To-00021-00046674-00047122": "I've been working all day.", "51rH8HUe2To-00022-00047744-00049630": "At the request of the owner of Hongdae Tamiya, I made one more as a gift.", "51rH8HUe2To-00023-00049696-00050940": "I have joined the body to the Super2 chassis and there is a problem.", "51rH8HUe2To-00024-00052010-00052488": "If you do not machine a part, the body will not join properly.", "51rH8HUe2To-00025-00053905-00054978": "The gear cover and the bottom of the body touch each other and cannot be combined.", "51rH8HUe2To-00026-00055578-00055958": "The top of the gear cover is shaved off.", "51rH8HUe2To-00027-00056888-00057640": "Then I carved out part of the underside of the body.", "51rH8HUe2To-00028-00057672-00058228": "This allows you to drive without problems.", "51rH8HUe2To-00029-00058834-00060512": "If you use a medium-sized tire, have risk touching the front of the body.", "51rH8HUe2To-00030-00061270-00062110": "Afterwards I will try to drive with the addition of optional parts.", "51rH8HUe2To-00031-00062234-00063655": "When using it for driving purposes like me, be sure to check the above mentioned parts."}}, {"audio_id": "51tRn6vjaF0", "text": {"51tRn6vjaF0-00000-00000952-00001642": "April Fools Prank Ideas-7 Simple April Fools Day Pranks Ideas 2016 is an awesome video", "51tRn6vjaF0-00001-00001682-00001848": "It's a great leverage to share", "51tRn6vjaF0-00002-00001907-00002092": "Watch, enjoy and share with your friends. It's for pure entertainment.", "51tRn6vjaF0-00003-00016554-00016722": "WoW.. It's awesome.....", "51tRn6vjaF0-00004-00016802-00017360": "Thanks for watching April Fools Prank Ideas-7 Simple April Fools Day Pranks Ideas 2016", "51tRn6vjaF0-00005-00017380-00017652": "Give a thumbs up to the video and Stay tuned……"}}, {"audio_id": "51wjq48afNU", "text": {"51wjq48afNU-00000-00000000-00000200": "قصيدة جئت إليك للشاعرة دكتورة امل العربي", "51wjq48afNU-00001-00000200-00000400": "لاتنسي الاشتراك وعمل لايك وتفعيل الجرس", "51wjq48afNU-00002-00000400-00000600": "لاتنسي الاشتراك وعمل لايك وتفعيل الجرس", "51wjq48afNU-00003-00000600-00000800": "لاتنسي الاشتراك وعمل لايك وتفعيل الجرس"}}, {"audio_id": "51QIsPZkH94", "text": {}}, {"audio_id": "525kliIY8yk", "text": {"525kliIY8yk-00000-00005504-00005704": "좋아요 &  구독눌러주세요  ^^", "525kliIY8yk-00001-00019028-00019228": "좋아요 & 구독눌러주세요^^"}}, {"audio_id": "52lWi8o3IrI", "text": {"52lWi8o3IrI-00000-00000000-00002000": "Needle"}}, {"audio_id": "52KmTq8S9mu", "text": {"52KmTq8S9mu-00000-00000378-00000662": "BEST THE BOYZ! Hello we're THE BOYZ.", "52KmTq8S9mu-00001-00000678-00000984": "I'm THE BOYZ HyunJae and JuYeon.", "52KmTq8S9mu-00002-00000984-00001290": "JuYeon: We're going to pop these baloons.", "52KmTq8S9mu-00003-00001290-00001590": "JuYeon: There are questions inside. HyunJae: JuYeon, you want to go first?", "52KmTq8S9mu-00004-00001590-00001873": "Hyun Jae: Me? This one? or that?  JuYeon: Anything is fine.", "52KmTq8S9mu-00005-00002024-00002321": "JuYeon: That was loud. Where is the question?", "52KmTq8S9mu-00006-00002321-00002634": "Questions? HyunJae: Ok, I found the question.", "52KmTq8S9mu-00007-00002676-00002846": "Q: Harry Potter vs Avengers?", "52KmTq8S9mu-00008-00002916-00003042": "HyunJae: One, Two, Three.", "52KmTq8S9mu-00009-00003042-00003136": "HyunJae/JuYeon: Avengers.", "52KmTq8S9mu-00010-00003170-00003374": "JuYeon: Actually I like Harry Potter better,", "52KmTq8S9mu-00011-00003386-00003729": "JuYeon: But I know that HyunJae likes Avengers, so I said Avengers.", "52KmTq8S9mu-00012-00003868-00004020": "JuYeon: I actually like both series. (Sweet +1)", "52KmTq8S9mu-00013-00004020-00004174": "HyunJae: I like them both too.", "52KmTq8S9mu-00014-00004174-00004318": "JuYeon: Hyung, you like Avengers very much.", "52KmTq8S9mu-00015-00004318-00004720": "HyunJae: I don't remember Harry Potter much these days. So I chose Avengers.", "52KmTq8S9mu-00016-00004792-00005032": "HyunJae: I like Iron Man the best in Avengers.", "52KmTq8S9mu-00017-00005072-00005282": "HyunJae: After Iron Man I like the Spider Man.", "52KmTq8S9mu-00018-00005282-00005520": "JuYeon: Hyung almost cried when Iron Man died(Spoiler Alert)", "52KmTq8S9mu-00019-00005520-00005616": "HyunJae: Yes I did.", "52KmTq8S9mu-00020-00005758-00005808": "(POP)", "52KmTq8S9mu-00021-00005978-00006210": "Q: Black Hair? vs Blonde Hair?", "52KmTq8S9mu-00022-00006228-00006390": "HyunJae: Did we do both styles?", "52KmTq8S9mu-00023-00006468-00006564": "JuYeon: I did both.", "52KmTq8S9mu-00024-00006564-00006795": "HyunJae: I don't think I ever did black hair, but we'll answer anyway.", "52KmTq8S9mu-00025-00006859-00007009": "HyunJae: One, Two, Three", "52KmTq8S9mu-00026-00007009-00007112": "Both: Black Hair", "52KmTq8S9mu-00027-00007166-00007398": "HyunJae: My hair condition is not good.", "52KmTq8S9mu-00028-00007522-00007822": "HyunJae: So, to do a blonde hair, I have to bleach a lot so I like black hair better.", "52KmTq8S9mu-00029-00008108-00008208": "HyunJae: I don't think I will feel good about it,", "52KmTq8S9mu-00030-00008253-00008424": "HyunJae: So I chose black hair.", "52KmTq8S9mu-00031-00008456-00008771": "JuYeon: I haven't been black hair for a long time.", "52KmTq8S9mu-00032-00008788-00009088": "JuYeon: I've been blue hair for 8 months now.", "52KmTq8S9mu-00033-00009177-00009453": "HyunJae: 8 month???? JuYeon: Yes, for more than half a year.", "52KmTq8S9mu-00034-00009453-00009638": "JuYeon: So I want to go back to black hair.", "52KmTq8S9mu-00035-00009681-00009982": "HyunJae: But JuYeon looks good in both hair. So please look forward to his next hair style.", "52KmTq8S9mu-00036-00009982-00010032": "(POP)", "52KmTq8S9mu-00037-00010184-00010490": "Q: Happy Ending? vs Open Ending?", "52KmTq8S9mu-00038-00010536-00010724": "HyunJae: This question is really hard.", "52KmTq8S9mu-00039-00010730-00010842": "HyunJae: But I know what my answer is.", "52KmTq8S9mu-00040-00010842-00010912": "JuYeon: Me too.", "52KmTq8S9mu-00041-00010994-00011222": "HyunJae: One, Two, Three Both: Open Ending!", "52KmTq8S9mu-00042-00011254-00011440": "HyunJae: Oh! You're in sync with me today.", "52KmTq8S9mu-00043-00011440-00011744": "HyunJae: Because, with Open Ending, I can guess what the ending would be on my own.", "52KmTq8S9mu-00044-00011748-00011950": "HyunJae: More substantial, you know?", "52KmTq8S9mu-00045-00011952-00012130": "HyunJae: Even when the movie is over, I can think more about the movie.", "52KmTq8S9mu-00046-00012144-00012442": "HyunJae: I like to think more about it after it is over. Imagining what could happen.", "52KmTq8S9mu-00047-00012442-00012598": "HyunJae: So I like Open Ending better.", "52KmTq8S9mu-00048-00012644-00012904": "JuYeon: I like finding out about the movie. Explanations and Interpretations, I think that's fun.", "52KmTq8S9mu-00049-00013060-00013110": "(POP)", "52KmTq8S9mu-00050-00013276-00013674": "Q: Foreseeing the Future? vs Changing the past?", "52KmTq8S9mu-00051-00013747-00013878": "HyunJae: One, Two, Three.", "52KmTq8S9mu-00052-00013891-00014097": "Both: Changing the Past!", "52KmTq8S9mu-00053-00014140-00014408": "JuYeon: First I wanted to choose 'Foreseeing the Future'.", "52KmTq8S9mu-00054-00014416-00014735": "JuYeon: But then I thought, It will not be fun to know the future,", "52KmTq8S9mu-00055-00014735-00014990": "JuYeon: So I think it will be better to change the past.", "52KmTq8S9mu-00056-00015020-00015321": "HyunJae: And also, since we're all human.", "52KmTq8S9mu-00057-00015321-00015627": "HyunJae: We want to change at least one thing about the past. JuYeon: Something like kicking the throw?", "52KmTq8S9mu-00058-00015627-00015896": "HyunJae: Things like that and some bad memories?", "52KmTq8S9mu-00059-00015896-00016160": "HyunJae: Something we regret?", "52KmTq8S9mu-00060-00016160-00016260": "HyunJae: So I choose the power to change the past.", "52KmTq8S9mu-00061-00016436-00016590": "HyunJae: You ready? One, Two, Three.", "52KmTq8S9mu-00062-00016850-00016988": "Q: teleporting to anywhere vs transforming into anything", "52KmTq8S9mu-00063-00017020-00017122": "HyunJae: Wow,, but this is too hard.", "52KmTq8S9mu-00064-00017268-00017520": "HyunJae: These two abilities are what I dreamed of when I was young.", "52KmTq8S9mu-00065-00017582-00017886": "HyunJae: One, Two, Three. Both: Teleport.", "52KmTq8S9mu-00066-00017886-00018016": "??#??^??@?!!?@", "52KmTq8S9mu-00067-00018128-00018202": "(Both minds 'were in' synced perfectly)", "52KmTq8S9mu-00068-00018218-00018294": "Both: teleporting to wherever ~", "52KmTq8S9mu-00069-00018316-00018616": "JuYeon: If I were to live as someone else, you know, if I could transform into anyone.", "52KmTq8S9mu-00070-00018616-00018746": "JuYeon: I might forget who I really am and I don't want that to happen.", "52KmTq8S9mu-00071-00018752-00018928": "HyunJae: Wow, you really thought about that deeply.", "52KmTq8S9mu-00072-00018930-00019175": "HyunJae: If I had the ability to change into anyone.", "52KmTq8S9mu-00073-00019175-00019461": "HyunJae: Something scary might happen. There can't be two of the same person at the same time?", "52KmTq8S9mu-00074-00019462-00019670": "JuYeon: If you had a teleporting power, where would you want to go?", "52KmTq8S9mu-00075-00019670-00019878": "HyunJae: I want to visit all my vacation wish list.", "52KmTq8S9mu-00076-00019984-00020288": "HyunJae: and when I want to go home fast, I would use my power.", "52KmTq8S9mu-00077-00020334-00020506": "HyunJae: You guys really want this power too right? Going home right away?", "52KmTq8S9mu-00078-00020510-00020696": "JuYeon: Yes, when you want to go home right away after work.", "52KmTq8S9mu-00079-00020858-00020908": "(POP)", "52KmTq8S9mu-00080-00020980-00021192": "HyunJae: This is too easy. JuYeon: Okay Okay.", "52KmTq8S9mu-00081-00021194-00021260": "HyunJae: You want to go right away?", "52KmTq8S9mu-00082-00021260-00021450": "Q: Bibim Naengmyun vs Mool Naengmyun.", "52KmTq8S9mu-00083-00021472-00021560": "HyunJae: One, Two, Three.", "52KmTq8S9mu-00084-00021560-00021676": "JuYeon: Mool Naengmyun.  HyunJae: Bibim Naengmyun.", "52KmTq8S9mu-00085-00021694-00021950": "JuYeon: I knew our answers will be different.", "52KmTq8S9mu-00086-00021950-00022220": "JuYeon: Because I never seen Hyung(HyunJae) eat Mool Naengmyun ever. HyunJae: Yes I never do.", "52KmTq8S9mu-00087-00022220-00022362": "HyunJae: It's always Bibim.", "52KmTq8S9mu-00088-00022506-00022624": "(we 'used to be' perfectly in sync...)", "52KmTq8S9mu-00089-00022636-00022808": "JuYeon: You know, I used to eat Bibim Naengmyun too.", "52KmTq8S9mu-00090-00022812-00022944": "JuYeon: They all start with Bibim Naengmyun..at first...", "52KmTq8S9mu-00091-00022954-00023220": "JuYeon: We all start with Bibim Naengmyun and come to realize that Mool Naengmyun has a certain rich taste.  HyunJae: No, No. I used to eat Mool Naengmyun too.", "52KmTq8S9mu-00092-00023220-00023532": "HyunJae: When I was really  young. When I didn't like spicy food.", "52KmTq8S9mu-00093-00023532-00023813": "HyunJae: Back then I didn't like the spiciness of Gochujang.", "52KmTq8S9mu-00094-00023814-00024112": "HyunJae: So I used to eat Mool Naengmyun then. But as I grew older, I like Bibim Naengmyun better.", "52KmTq8S9mu-00095-00024220-00024314": "HyunJae: You're the opposite right?", "52KmTq8S9mu-00096-00024334-00024402": "JuYeon: Both very good.", "52KmTq8S9mu-00097-00024442-00024492": "(expiratory-inspiratory)", "52KmTq8S9mu-00098-00024540-00024590": "(POP)", "52KmTq8S9mu-00099-00024752-00024918": "Q: Checkmate vs Reveal", "52KmTq8S9mu-00100-00024954-00025098": "JuYeon: Isn't this too easy?", "52KmTq8S9mu-00101-00025102-00025296": "HyunJae: Really? JuYeon: No? It's too easy for me.", "52KmTq8S9mu-00102-00025296-00025508": "HyunJae: Ok. One, Two, Three. Both: Checkmate!", "52KmTq8S9mu-00103-00025596-00026018": "JuYeon: Because that song made us #1 in <Road to Kingdom>.", "52KmTq8S9mu-00104-00026094-00026314": "JuYeon: and the song itself is really well made.", "52KmTq8S9mu-00105-00026348-00026502": "JuYeon: I listen to Checkmate every day. One day, One Checkmate.", "52KmTq8S9mu-00106-00026504-00026745": "HyunJae: Yes. and the song also entered the chart.", "52KmTq8S9mu-00107-00026774-00026995": "HyunJae: So it means a lot to us.", "52KmTq8S9mu-00108-00026995-00027297": "HyunJae: and we released it recently too.", "52KmTq8S9mu-00109-00027298-00027552": "HyunJae: So our answer is Checkmate. JuYeon: Yes, we need to promote this.", "52KmTq8S9mu-00110-00027552-00027700": "HyunJae: Please listen to it a lot.", "52KmTq8S9mu-00111-00027704-00028000": "This was THE BOYS POP-QUIZ", "52KmTq8S9mu-00112-00028000-00028066": "BYEBYE"}}, {"audio_id": "52Xjd_cYuFM", "text": {"52Xjd_cYuFM-00000-00000825-00001128": "بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00001-00001160-00001550": "نحمده و نصلي على رسوله الكريم أما بعد", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00002-00001668-00001968": "For a believer from the cradle to the grave.", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00003-00002014-00002215": "He is making effort all the time,", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00004-00002215-00002495": "to find this Allah to recognize this Allah,", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00005-00002555-00002798": "to know who this Allah is.", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00006-00002865-00003238": "Shaytaan will come all the time to try and distract us", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00007-00003247-00003404": "and take us away from our", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00008-00003404-00003650": "object, our Maqsad (purpose) with life.", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00009-00003715-00004060": "Thats why we need to be cognizant of this all the time.", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00010-00004200-00004438": "That 24 hours of my day", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00011-00004438-00004785": "needs to be how my Allah wants it to be.", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00012-00005195-00005490": "Moulana Yusuf (رحمة الله عليه) used to say, that", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00013-00005903-00006358": "one is (إسم الشيء) one is (صورة الشيء) one is (حقيقة الشيء)", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00014-00006413-00006580": "So I am a M'umin, I am a believer.", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00015-00006580-00006780": "I say my name is Ahmed.", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00016-00006843-00007020": "My name is Muhammed.", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00017-00007063-00007255": "My name is Faatimah.", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00018-00007343-00007625": "So we got the name of the people of Imaan.", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00019-00007625-00007815": "We got the name of the greatest individual", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00020-00007815-00007988": "that set foot on this earth.", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00021-00008018-00008305": "We got the names of the queens of Jannah", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00022-00008705-00008995": "but is there a reality behind that.", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00023-00009110-00009343": "ليَأْتِيَن عَلَى النَّاسِ زَمَانٌ", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00024-00009378-00009665": "لَا يَبْقَى مِنَ الْإِسْلَامِ إِلَّا اسْمُهُ", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00025-00009808-00010040": "That a time will come in my Ummat, nothing", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00026-00010040-00010343": "will remain of Islaam except the name of Islaam.", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00027-00010555-00010858": "So, besides that person name being a Muslim.", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00028-00010910-00011223": "Theres nothing else of Islaam in that person", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00029-00011318-00011488": "and that's what Nabi (ﷺ)", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00030-00011488-00011813": "has warned us, a time will come in my Ummah.", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00031-00011878-00012083": "I need to make sure and be particular,", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00032-00012083-00012345": "that I am not part of that narration and Hadith.", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00033-00012345-00012545": "A warning for the Ummah.", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00034-00012733-00012960": "So he used to say: (إسم الشيء) one is the name.", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00035-00012963-00013240": "So we say the word lion.", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00036-00013347-00013440": "Nobody get scared", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00037-00013540-00013700": "because its just a word, lion.", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00038-00013910-00014105": "Then second stage he used to say:", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00039-00014105-00014383": "(صورة الشيء) now we got the appearance.", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00040-00014522-00014797": "So a small child if he sees a picture of a lion", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00041-00014797-00015015": "and he will get an idea of what a lion is", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00042-00015015-00015333": "but that same child will go and scribble on that lion.", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00043-00015353-00015565": "He will tear the piece of paper with the lion on it.", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00044-00015565-00015740": "Why? because its a Surat (Picture).", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00045-00015913-00016165": "So there are people who have the name of a Muslim", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00046-00016165-00016450": "and secondly they got the appearance of Islaam,", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00047-00016450-00016793": "outwardly, there are signs of Islaam.", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00048-00016968-00017188": "I say a million rand,", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00049-00017335-00017605": "that is (إسم الشيء) a million rand that is nothing.", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00050-00017690-00017965": "I got a cheque of a million rand.", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00051-00018095-00018250": "It's also nothing.", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00052-00018308-00018573": "If there isn't money in the bank account", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00053-00018573-00018763": "to prove it, so I got a million rand cheque.", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00054-00018763-00019078": "I got the signatures it's an original cheque, it's genuine", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00055-00019110-00019383": "but the bank account doesn't have that million", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00056-00019543-00019840": "and that is the third stage حقيقة الشيء.", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00057-00019925-00020148": "The reality of that", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00058-00020180-00020490": "Imaan is in a persons heart,", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00059-00020570-00020718": "that Haqeeqat,", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00060-00020785-00021008": "that's when we say there is a lion", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00061-00021008-00021260": "outside, there is a lion on the loose,", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00062-00021435-00021593": "that's just not the name of the lion,", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00063-00021593-00021690": "or a picture of a lion", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00064-00021690-00021910": "but that's a real lion.", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00065-00022190-00022455": "أَلْهَاكُمُ التَّكَاثُرُ", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00066-00022670-00022983": "Under Surah Takathur Ulama have given details,", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00067-00022983-00023163": "just one part of that,", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00068-00023223-00023340": "on this point here.", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00069-00023340-00023738": "علم اليقين عين اليقين حق اليقين", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00070-00023880-00024110": "One is علم the knowledge of a certain thing.", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00071-00024110-00024355": "We've got Yaqeen but we've got the knowledge of Yaqeen.", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00072-00024430-00024628": "I need to make effort. I need to read Salaah.", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00073-00024628-00024745": "I know I need to do this.", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00074-00024745-00024945": "Ya one day I will do it when I get", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00075-00024958-00025243": "set for life I will do it, delay delay delay.", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00076-00025243-00025443": "This means the level of  علم اليقين", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00077-00025465-00025643": "عين اليقين when you see it.", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00078-00025698-00025893": "You close to believing it.", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00079-00025935-00026143": "one is حق اليقين", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00080-00026195-00026475": "Where the reality of Aakhirah", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00081-00026500-00026885": "the unseen, Qabr, Hashr, Pool Siraat.", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00082-00026885-00027030": "Jannah and Jahannam.", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00083-00027045-00027264": "That has entered the depths of ones", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00084-00027264-00027605": "heart, he believes it and he gives his life for it.", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00085-00027883-00028038": "So somebody,", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00086-00028283-00028485": "read in a book,", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00087-00028505-00028685": "about the ocean", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00088-00028685-00028964": "and they describing to you about the ocean.", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00089-00029035-00029214": "So their description will be fairly good", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00090-00029214-00029514": "but it's not actual reality.", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00091-00029789-00030138": "Now somebody travels to the beach", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00092-00030188-00030555": "and he sees the beach, the ocean and the sea with his", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00093-00030555-00030848": "real eyes, vividly clearly.", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00094-00031133-00031560": "Now if he has to describe his experience of the sea,", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00095-00031593-00031948": "it will be different for a person who just read about it in a book.", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00096-00032213-00032352": "So one is Quraan and Hadith,", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00097-00032352-00032564": "Deen are in the books", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00098-00032564-00032783": "but is it in our lives.", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00099-00032903-00033108": "Like a poet says:", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00100-00033178-00033263": "That", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00101-00033353-00033568": "the Muslims", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00102-00033603-00033960": "are in their Quboor and Islaam is in the books.", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00103-00034090-00034248": "That we see", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00104-00034493-00034705": "Sahabah were the", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00105-00034705-00034943": "flag barrers of Islaam.", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00106-00035005-00035223": "So we see real Islaam in", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00107-00035223-00035490": "lives of Sahabah, so they in the Qabr", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00108-00035533-00035775": "and if we want to see real Islaam,", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00109-00035820-00036080": "then we will see real Islaam", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00110-00036215-00036370": "in the books only.", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00111-00036475-00036833": "So the question is عين اليقين.", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00112-00036878-00037103": "That has Islaam entered me,", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00113-00037138-00037395": "like a person who revert.", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00114-00037465-00037668": "One of his statements were,", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00115-00037668-00037903": "I'm glad I met", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00116-00037903-00038205": "Islaam before I met the Muslims.", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00117-00038283-00038473": "How much Islaam is in our lives?", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00118-00038475-00038635": "One great Sheikh went to", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00119-00038725-00039053": "travel overseas he went to a Muslim country and a non muslim country", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00120-00039053-00039285": "and when he came back people asked him, Oh Sheikh,", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00121-00039295-00039725": "give us some reports some synopsis of your travels.", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00122-00039895-00040135": "So he said: \"I seen", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00123-00040168-00040335": "Islaam and I never seen Muslims", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00124-00040335-00040578": "and I've seen Muslims and I never seen Islaam.\"", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00125-00040618-00040845": "They were shocked they said: \"Sheikh explain to us.\"", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00126-00040885-00041230": "He said: \"I went to an Islaamic Muslim country", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00127-00041230-00041408": "but I never seen Islaam,", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00128-00041428-00041615": "people were lying, they were cheating,", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00129-00041615-00041865": "they were deceiving they were not praying their Salaah,", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00130-00041865-00042013": "they were not fasting.", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00131-00042118-00042488": "I seen muslims but I never seen any sign of Islaam.", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00132-00042610-00042823": "Then I went to a non muslim country", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00133-00042823-00043023": "but I seen Islaam,", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00134-00043063-00043370": "people with good character, people helpful,", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00135-00043408-00043595": "people generous,", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00136-00043720-00044150": "I seen all the traits of Islaam but their were no Muslims.\"", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00137-00044313-00044625": "So that comes to the last stage where حق اليقين.", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00138-00044625-00044873": "When the person goes into the ocean", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00139-00045000-00045130": "and", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00140-00045163-00045323": "he jumps into the water", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00141-00045323-00045615": "and he feels the water and he feels the waves,", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00142-00045713-00046050": "now that is حق اليقين, he actually", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00143-00046218-00046533": "can describe details of the ocean.", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00144-00046928-00047145": "Moulana Umar Palanpuri used to give this example:", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00145-00047150-00047395": "He used to be nicknamed (صاحب السمك)", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00146-00047440-00047690": "He said there was a fish, it was in the water", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00147-00047690-00047793": "and a fisherman came.", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00148-00047793-00048039": "So it warned him and said: \"Oh young fish,", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00149-00048050-00048308": "beware beyond this waters,", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00150-00048338-00048485": "there is danger.", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00151-00048540-00048685": "You will find", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00152-00048698-00048885": "a delicious meal", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00153-00048885-00049135": "but behind that meal is a dangerous hook.", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00154-00049148-00049308": "When you bite it, it will", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00155-00049335-00049580": "grab you, it will hook you.", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00156-00049620-00049813": "You will try to escape, you won't", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00157-00049813-00049990": "be able to escape.", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00158-00050045-00050363": "Behind that hook is a line behind that line is", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00159-00050363-00050578": "a man, he will reel you up.", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00160-00050578-00050778": "When he reels you, he will leave you", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00161-00050778-00051033": "to die, that's not enough,", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00162-00051033-00051288": "then he will scale you completely,", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00163-00051323-00051598": "then he will chop you up in pieces", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00164-00051615-00051754": "and then,", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00165-00051800-00052003": "that's not enough, he will", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00166-00052048-00052263": "grill you and burn you", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00167-00052263-00052485": "and thats not enough, he will chew", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00168-00052485-00052658": "you till the last morsel", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00169-00052658-00052858": "and there will be no remains of you.\"", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00170-00052895-00053210": "So the young fish said: \"Oh old man (fish),", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00171-00053342-00053603": "I'm not going to fall for your trick,", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00172-00053742-00053920": "there is a lot of food out there", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00173-00053920-00054120": "but you don't need to dispel me", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00174-00054120-00054390": "and deviate me, if I see the morsel,", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00175-00054390-00054520": "I will go for it,", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00176-00054575-00054883": "all the food in the ocean does not belong to you.", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00177-00054900-00055110": "You trying to deceive me.\"", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00178-00055160-00055442": "The old fish said: \"Suit yourself", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00179-00055473-00055765": "but I am telling you for your own good.\"", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00180-00055790-00056025": "The fish laughed again and said:", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00181-00056025-00056225": "\"What you talking about?,", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00182-00056265-00056558": "hooks and lines and man,", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00183-00056558-00056873": "I haven't seen man in my whole life in this ocean,", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00184-00056935-00057129": "I haven't seen", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00185-00057225-00057550": "flames and fire which burns,", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00186-00057600-00057923": "I haven't seen a thing called a knife which slices and cut,", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00187-00057950-00058123": "I haven't seen a creature,", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00188-00058228-00058448": "that lives out of the water,", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00189-00058567-00058873": "I'm not so foolish to believe you.\"", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00190-00059025-00059170": "and he went on his way", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00191-00059170-00059408": "and he seen a morsel of food and he said:", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00192-00059425-00059575": "He laughed,", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00193-00059588-00059775": "this old man think I'm so foolish", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00194-00059775-00060060": "to leave the food for him and as he bit,", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00195-00060195-00060420": "he got hooked and he tried to escape", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00196-00060420-00060567": "and he couldn't escape", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00197-00060583-00061045": "and then the line reeled him in", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00198-00061058-00061245": "and then he seen the man,", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00199-00061245-00061475": "which he never believed ever existed", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00200-00061575-00061740": "and he was left one side", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00201-00061740-00061861": "and as he was being thrown.", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00202-00061863-00062063": "He seen the pan he seen the man.", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00203-00062063-00062304": "He seen the fire, he seen the knife.", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00204-00062304-00062475": "He seen everything.", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00205-00062475-00062653": "The old man told him", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00206-00062653-00062838": "but it was too late.", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00207-00062913-00063329": "الذين يؤمنؤن بالغيب", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00208-00063342-00063729": "The unseen must be more clear and more vivid,", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00209-00063750-00063990": "must be so overwhelming,", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00210-00064103-00064390": "Aakhirah must be so overwhelming,", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00211-00064390-00064679": "that is overwhelms our life in this Dunya", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00212-00064679-00064792": "with Aakhirah.", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00213-00064795-00065048": "May Allah (ﷻ) give us Taufeeq of making A'mal", "52Xjd_cYuFM-00214-00065048-00065504": "و آخر دعوانا أن الحمد لله رب العالمين"}}, {"audio_id": "52ZDoVrzaly", "text": {"52ZDoVrzaly-00000-00005173-00005743": "that I haven't included in this video, please leave them in the comments below.", "52ZDoVrzaly-00001-00006481-00006739": "and has done a lot of interviews.", "52ZDoVrzaly-00002-00014252-00014468": "and that his account is on hold.", "52ZDoVrzaly-00003-00014708-00015206": "Their dispute is about something other than copyright strikes", "52ZDoVrzaly-00004-00016146-00017202": "Sam Vaknin is claiming that they both have written permission from each other to both be able to post", "52ZDoVrzaly-00005-00017316-00018114": "the mutual videos that they both appeared in on their own channels.", "52ZDoVrzaly-00006-00018486-00019572": "Richard Grannon is stating that he paid for all of the filming so he holds the copyright.", "52ZDoVrzaly-00007-00021833-00022175": "And hopefully the two clear it up.", "52ZDoVrzaly-00008-00022421-00023135": "And YouTube has a better system of how to handle copyright strikes.", "52ZDoVrzaly-00009-00023687-00023837": "So Sam cannot", "52ZDoVrzaly-00010-00024053-00024965": "access his own channel nor his videos now. Because he has too many copyright strikes.", "52ZDoVrzaly-00011-00025307-00025775": "It's unfortunate because I do believe in free speech.", "52ZDoVrzaly-00012-00025997-00027311": "And Sam shouldn't have his life's work taken down even though I don't agree with Sam on some issues.", "52ZDoVrzaly-00013-00027527-00027983": "In my experience Sam Vaknin is a misogynist.", "52ZDoVrzaly-00014-00028205-00028319": "He talks about", "52ZDoVrzaly-00015-00028553-00029429": "never having sex with his partner, and how he is a cerebral narcissist.", "52ZDoVrzaly-00016-00032652-00032784": "So from that", "52ZDoVrzaly-00017-00032988-00033360": "he makes statements that", "52ZDoVrzaly-00018-00033564-00033918": "narcissists only dates,", "52ZDoVrzaly-00019-00035142-00036018": "Richard Grannon had Sam sign documents stating that he could own the copyright", "52ZDoVrzaly-00020-00036102-00037380": "to the videos. So if Sam was smart he would have gotten Richard's signature at the same time,", "52ZDoVrzaly-00021-00037656-00038124": "to be able to post the videos on his channel.", "52ZDoVrzaly-00022-00038280-00039120": "So now he has 35 copyright strikes on his channel over personal issues.", "52ZDoVrzaly-00023-00039252-00040476": "Richard and Sam are arguing about women, how Sam alleges that Richard abuses or mistreats women", "52ZDoVrzaly-00024-00040476-00041658": "that he knows. That his YouTube followers write to him. He alleges that his YouTube followers write", "52ZDoVrzaly-00025-00041658-00042876": "to him, and inform him about Richard Grannon and how he is abusing them. There is a Facebook page", "52ZDoVrzaly-00026-00043098-00044334": "or private group on Facebook called Victims of Richard Grannon which Sam posted about publicly.", "52ZDoVrzaly-00027-00044652-00045228": "Richard must have decided to file all the copyright strikes on Sam's Channel.", "52ZDoVrzaly-00028-00045600-00046164": "I make comments to Sam, and he hides my comments.", "52ZDoVrzaly-00029-00046536-00047340": "Sam claimed that narcissists mother their significant others.", "52ZDoVrzaly-00030-00047592-00048408": "He said that on a video, on his channel which I know for a fact is not true.", "52ZDoVrzaly-00031-00048750-00049332": "Why is he saying things that are contradicting what he already readily says?", "52ZDoVrzaly-00032-00049734-00050652": "Narcissists have stunted development, that narcissists are babies. He knows that. So", "52ZDoVrzaly-00033-00050652-00051534": "he turns around, and he says narcissists mother or father their significant other.", "52ZDoVrzaly-00034-00051960-00052926": "I called him out on him, and he hides the comments on his channel. Narcissists are big babies.", "52ZDoVrzaly-00035-00053310-00053532": "I know that from my experience.", "52ZDoVrzaly-00036-00053982-00054594": "He stated that narcissists parent their significant other. Who's he kidding?!", "52ZDoVrzaly-00037-00054840-00054996": "Because he's a narcissist!", "52ZDoVrzaly-00038-00055416-00056226": "This is a comment on Facebook, I'm quoting: It's very interesting that Sam Vaknin claims", "52ZDoVrzaly-00039-00056226-00057006": "that he is a self-aware narcissist yet he recently discarded Richard. It was a", "52ZDoVrzaly-00040-00057006-00057780": "textbook attack following a narcissistic injury. Richard lost his Facebook page because of him.", "52ZDoVrzaly-00041-00057990-00058560": "Samuel lied again claimed that he was being attacked by Richard's followers,", "52ZDoVrzaly-00042-00058644-00059520": "lovely. Samuel still has his page because he needs to be the only expert in the field.", "52ZDoVrzaly-00043-00059766-00060444": "I personally think that he planned it from the very beginning because he was threatened", "52ZDoVrzaly-00044-00060444-00061278": "by Richard's popularity, and envied him, disgusting. This comment is from five years ago.", "52ZDoVrzaly-00045-00061548-00062358": "You really have to wonder why Sam was even surprised, like how could he even be surprised?", "52ZDoVrzaly-00046-00062574-00063654": "Here's another one by the same person: They took down Sam's page for a while simply because he's", "52ZDoVrzaly-00047-00063654-00064392": "nasty to people. He keeps hurting, and offending the vast majority of people who write him.", "52ZDoVrzaly-00048-00064542-00065100": "Somebody shared an email where he calls the girl stupid and insults her.", "52ZDoVrzaly-00049-00065226-00065928": "I bet it has nothing to do with Richard at all it's all in his sick head people hate", "52ZDoVrzaly-00050-00065928-00066462": "him because he's mean to them because he's mean to him. He just can't look at himself properly,", "52ZDoVrzaly-00051-00066570-00066972": "and unfortunately Richard is the scapegoat here.", "52ZDoVrzaly-00052-00067272-00067416": "She follows up with:", "52ZDoVrzaly-00053-00067698-00068208": "It's your own karma Samuel coming back for treating people like crap.", "52ZDoVrzaly-00054-00068562-00069084": "There's a bunch of comments from five years ago. Seriously??", "52ZDoVrzaly-00055-00069516-00070398": "This has gotten to the proportion where it's all over social media. That is so typical narcissists.", "52ZDoVrzaly-00056-00070608-00070902": "I can carry on like Sam does.", "52ZDoVrzaly-00057-00071028-00071814": "I made a video regarding social media. I made a video about narcissists, and social media.", "52ZDoVrzaly-00058-00072048-00072828": "And I can call people stupid or you know [__] or whatever or a barker,", "52ZDoVrzaly-00059-00072894-00073884": "a country barker harping about his books and his writings. It says at the bottom of this thread", "52ZDoVrzaly-00060-00074070-00074730": "written two weeks ago: Why is this post dtated March 19th 2017?", "52ZDoVrzaly-00061-00074826-00075504": "And someone else commented: Old post. Big kids fell out, pathetic.", "52ZDoVrzaly-00062-00075618-00076032": "So they've been warring like this for years.", "52ZDoVrzaly-00063-00076368-00076482": "For years.", "52ZDoVrzaly-00064-00077064-00077856": "Richard paid for the filming, and Sam also posted those to his YouTube channel.", "52ZDoVrzaly-00065-00077988-00078966": "In face of their ongoing personal arguments; their on and off, on and off friendship", "52ZDoVrzaly-00066-00079164-00080016": "you would think that the cerebral narcissist; if he didn't have blind spots as a narcissist", "52ZDoVrzaly-00067-00080142-00080802": "would have taken steps to mitigate what's happening right now.", "52ZDoVrzaly-00068-00081216-00082398": "Sam Vaknin always referring to women as stupid [__] um", "52ZDoVrzaly-00069-00082638-00082770": "codependents", "52ZDoVrzaly-00070-00083052-00083208": "now [__]", "52ZDoVrzaly-00071-00083532-00083880": "He hides or deletes my comments on his channel.", "52ZDoVrzaly-00072-00084108-00084876": "He also does not, he also does not believe in empaths or super empaths", "52ZDoVrzaly-00073-00085086-00085866": "which is not an official term. Obviously, it's not in the DMS-5", "52ZDoVrzaly-00074-00086094-00086922": "since that's about mental disorders. And empaths are not a mental disorder.", "52ZDoVrzaly-00075-00087156-00087672": "Because it is not a scientific term, it doesn't mean it doesn't exist.", "52ZDoVrzaly-00076-00088032-00088542": "It's the same as calling someone perceptive, or", "52ZDoVrzaly-00077-00088650-00089298": "saying that they are an INTJ personality type; it doesn't make it not real.", "52ZDoVrzaly-00078-00089658-00090024": "But Sam wants to insults people that", "52ZDoVrzaly-00079-00090234-00091116": "use that term, and refer to them as [__] prostitutes", "52ZDoVrzaly-00080-00091356-00092244": "Sam uses the term cerebral narcissists often. And that isn't in the DMS-5.", "52ZDoVrzaly-00081-00092442-00092946": "Just because he claims to be, that isn't in the DMS-5.", "52ZDoVrzaly-00082-00093426-00094638": "So how can Sam claim that I shouldn't be using the term empaths, or that there's no such thing", "52ZDoVrzaly-00083-00094638-00095616": "as super empaths? It's the same thing that he's doing with the term cerebral narcissists.", "52ZDoVrzaly-00084-00095826-00096072": "He's using a term that isn't scientific.", "52ZDoVrzaly-00085-00096564-00096834": "So my feeling on this is that", "52ZDoVrzaly-00086-00097092-00097974": "the whole public dispute between Sam Vaknin and Richard Grannon;", "52ZDoVrzaly-00087-00098208-00098946": "Sam is an egotist, is an egomaniac, a misogynist.", "52ZDoVrzaly-00088-00099234-00099654": "I am an empath. And I've seen it my whole life.", "52ZDoVrzaly-00089-00099750-00100824": "Nobody taught me what I know about empaths because it's intuitive as well as from experience.", "52ZDoVrzaly-00090-00101232-00102000": "As an empath, I could possibly understand narcissists intuitively", "52ZDoVrzaly-00091-00102060-00102426": "more than those that read about it in books.", "52ZDoVrzaly-00092-00102828-00103632": "I might know it more than those that looked at graphs, and did statistics on NPD.", "52ZDoVrzaly-00093-00103980-00104520": "That's why my videos are so pictorial or so graphic.", "52ZDoVrzaly-00094-00104760-00105396": "That's not something that I saw in books, that's not something that I've read about. So while", "52ZDoVrzaly-00095-00105642-00106248": "the dispute between Richard Grannon and Sam Vaknin is", "52ZDoVrzaly-00096-00106248-00106710": "about their personal relationship that spilled over onto YouTube."}}]