[{"audio_id": "aT9i1qkp1Ju", "text": {"aT9i1qkp1Ju-00000-00000112-00000312": "What if just one lifestyle change", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00001-00000312-00000592": "could help you avoid getting cancer,", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00002-00000592-00000776": "or diabetes, or heart disease,", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00003-00000776-00000919": "or high blood pressure?", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00004-00000919-00001248": "This one change could cut your risk of chronic disease", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00005-00001248-00001432": "and add years to your life.", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00006-00001496-00001807": "Well, the simple solution to so many of these problems", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00007-00001807-00002039": "is to eat a healthy diet.", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00008-00002039-00002376": "In other words, one centered around whole plant foods.", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00009-00002464-00002736": "Welcome to the Nutrition Facts Podcast,", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00010-00002736-00002984": "I'm your host, Dr. Michael Greger.", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00011-00003040-00003415": "Today, we discover the some of the health benefits of eating onions.", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00012-00003520-00003815": "Onions are potentially a good source of antioxidants,", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00013-00003815-00004104": "though interestingly, the antioxidants are concentrated", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00014-00004104-00004488": "in the outer layers immediately under the papery peel.", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00015-00004488-00004824": "Unfortunately, most consumers discard these most nutrient-rich", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00016-00004824-00005152": "outermost layers, thus losing a valuable part.", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00017-00005152-00005256": "Here are some numbers. Look at that!", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00018-00005256-00005480": "More than 10 times more antioxidants in the", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00019-00005480-00005832": "outer layer of white onions, compared to the core.", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00020-00005832-00006056": "You’ll also note that yellow onions in general", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00021-00006056-00006232": "have more antioxidants than white.", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00022-00006232-00006576": "And red onions beat them both, based on three", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00023-00006576-00006744": "different antioxidant testing methods.", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00024-00006800-00007056": "That’s why I always try to buy red.", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00025-00007056-00007320": "Though red onions are indeed slightly better, yellow", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00026-00007320-00007559": "or white onions are no slouches, containing", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00027-00007559-00007792": "considerable levels of antioxidant activity.", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00028-00007864-00008200": "So, nutritious, sure, but are there any particular", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00029-00008200-00008424": "clinical benefits to onion consumption?", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00030-00008512-00008784": "Evidently, older white women who consumed onions at least", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00031-00008784-00009152": "once a day had an overall bone density that was 5% greater than", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00032-00009152-00009596": "individuals who consumed onions no more than once a month (P < 0.03).", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00033-00009596-00009832": "Now 5% might not sound like a lot, but that improvement in", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00034-00009832-00010120": "bone density could potentially translate into decreasing", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00035-00010120-00010320": "their risk of hip fracture by more than 20%", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00036-00010392-00010640": "if indeed, it was cause and effect.", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00037-00010712-00011120": "Daily administration of onion did cause a big bump in bone density.", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00038-00011120-00011448": "This opens the possibility for a low-cost, safe, and effective", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00039-00011448-00011712": "nutritional approach to osteoporosis and—", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00040-00011712-00012136": "you guessed it...in the rat. Another rodent study.", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00041-00012136-00012186": "Rats!", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00042-00012304-00012488": "But finally, here we go.", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00043-00012488-00012656": "Tremendous strides have been made", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00044-00012656-00013000": "in treating osteoporosis with drugs, but they have the potential", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00045-00013000-00013272": "for serious adverse side effects, so scientists have drawn", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00046-00013272-00013456": "their attention to natural remedies.", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00047-00013456-00014000": "So, let’s randomize people to drink... onion juice", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00048-00014000-00014263": "or placebo onion juice.", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00049-00014263-00014591": "I don’t know what sounds worse: sugary onion juice", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00050-00014591-00014808": "or fake sugary onion juice.", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00051-00014880-00015184": "And as if drinking onion juice wasn’t bad enough,", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00052-00015184-00015584": "it was all for nothing. It didn’t even work.", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00053-00015712-00016047": "What about the antiallergy activities of shallots", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00054-00016047-00016488": "and any therapeutic effects on helping allergic runny noses?", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00055-00016488-00016752": "Sixteen such patients were randomized equally into", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00056-00016752-00017080": "an antihistamine group or a group that got antihistamines", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00057-00017080-00017432": "plus some capsules containing dried shallot powder.", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00058-00017432-00017800": "And it looked like the shallot group did better,", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00059-00017800-00018168": "but there was actually no statistically significant difference", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00060-00018168-00018392": "in total symptoms between the two groups;", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00061-00018392-00018680": "so, another #OnionFail.", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00062-00018768-00019048": "There has to be something onions can do.", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00063-00019048-00019384": "What about testing the effects of fresh yellow onion consumption", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00064-00019384-00019768": "on breast cancer patients to try to decrease the toxic effects", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00065-00019768-00020024": "of a chemotherapy drug called doxorubicin?", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00066-00020080-00020464": "Unfortunately, no significant benefit was found on decreasing", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00067-00020464-00020632": "damage to the liver or heart.", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00068-00020632-00021056": "But here we go . . . finally, a clinical benefit to onions.", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00069-00021056-00021336": "The consumption of fresh yellow onion ameliorates", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00070-00021336-00021616": "the high blood sugars and insulin resistance in breast cancer", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00071-00021616-00021896": "patients during doxorubicin- based chemotherapy.", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00072-00021992-00022280": "Doxorubicin isn’t just toxic to the liver and heart,", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00073-00022280-00022568": "but it may also contribute to insulin resistance.", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00074-00022568-00023040": "So, let’s do a randomized, triple-blind, controlled clinical trial", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00075-00023040-00023312": "randomizing patients to like a whole onion a day", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00076-00023312-00023568": "or a third of an onion a day. What happened?", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00077-00023624-00023944": "The high onion group experienced a significant decrease", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00078-00023944-00024128": "in blood sugars and insulin resistance", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00079-00024128-00024352": "compared to the low onion group.", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00080-00024352-00024816": "They went up in the low onion group but down in the high onion group.", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00081-00024816-00025104": "So, make onions your friend.", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00082-00025104-00025384": "What’s the worst that can happen— a little onion breath and BO?", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00083-00025440-00025976": "Probably the least of your worries if you have cancer on chemotherapy.", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00084-00026104-00026264": "In our next story,", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00085-00026264-00026639": "we learn what an eighth of a teaspoon a day of onion powder", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00086-00026639-00026768": "can do for body fat,", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00087-00026768-00027120": "and what can raw red onion do for cholesterol.", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00088-00027214-00027439": "Enter \"The Effect of Steamed Onion", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00089-00027439-00027727": "Consumption on Body Fat in Overweight Subjects.\"", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00090-00027727-00028016": "The researchers used steamed onions so they could better disguise it", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00091-00028016-00028360": "against placebo, and dried it into an onion powder, and gave people", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00092-00028360-00028680": "just a minuscule amount, about an eighth of a teaspoon a day.", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00093-00028760-00029183": "Surely, a little daily dusting of onion powder isn't going to affect the course", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00094-00029183-00029624": "of people's weight, but check out these results reported in the abstract:", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00095-00029624-00030000": "a significant reduction in body fat mass on both DEXA scan", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00096-00030000-00030368": "and measured by CT scan — a significant decrease in the areas", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00097-00030368-00030624": "of whole fat, visceral fat, and subcutaneous fat.", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00098-00030680-00031024": "Hold on. If a little onion powder is so effective for weight loss,", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00099-00031024-00031288": "why wasn't it featured in my book \"How Not to Diet?\"", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00100-00031376-00031816": "Because, as so often happens in studies, the spin in the abstract", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00101-00031816-00032136": "doesn't accurately represent the actual data.", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00102-00032232-00032400": "Here are the DEXA scan results.", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00103-00032400-00032704": "No significant change of fat in the group that got the placebo capsules;", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00104-00032704-00032936": "they only appeared to lose about a spoonful of fat.", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00105-00033008-00033344": "Whereas the group unknowingly taking an eighth of a teaspoon of onion powder", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00106-00033344-00033712": "stuffed into capsules lost nearly one and a half pounds of body fat,", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00107-00033712-00034160": "a significant drop from baseline, but not a statistically significant drop", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00108-00034160-00034360": "compared to the placebo group,", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00109-00034360-00034632": "meaning the loss could very well have been due to chance.", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00110-00034688-00035104": "Same thing with the CT scan results: five times more loss of overall fat,", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00111-00035104-00035384": "and 30 times more loss of the dangerous visceral fat,", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00112-00035384-00035792": "but did not reach statistical significance compared to placebo.", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00113-00035880-00036256": "A more recent study tried four teaspoons of onion powder a day", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00114-00036256-00036552": "and similarly failed to accelerate the loss of body fat", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00115-00036552-00036896": "compared to placebo, but the placebo was also", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00116-00036896-00037072": "four teaspoons of onion powder a day.", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00117-00037072-00037504": "They used yellow onions versus white onions, and it seems they both may", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00118-00037504-00037888": "have caused a loss of body fat, without a significant difference between them.", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00119-00037888-00038160": "Either way, you can look at these two studies and say, yeah,", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00120-00038160-00038288": "but what are the downsides?", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00121-00038288-00038688": "I mean just an eighth teaspoon of onion powder a day. Why not give it a try?", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00122-00038688-00039032": "Can't hurt, but we just don't have confidence", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00123-00039032-00039176": "that it's actually going to help.", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00124-00039248-00039712": "Turning now to polycystic ovary syndrome, also known as P.C.O.S., or PCOS.", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00125-00039776-00040136": "It's one of the most common hormone disorders, affecting 5% to 10%", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00126-00040136-00040592": "of reproductive-aged women. In addition to symptoms like irregular periods,", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00127-00040592-00041056": "PCOS is also a pre-diabetic state with decreased insulin sensitivity.", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00128-00041120-00041496": "PCOS treatment is a big challenge due to medication side effects.", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00129-00041496-00041696": "So what about using dietary options?", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00130-00041696-00042184": "How about a randomized controlled clinical trial of raw red onion intake?", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00131-00042272-00042752": "Why onions? Well, onion extracts evidently help in diabetic rats,", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00132-00042752-00043016": "and more importantly in diabetic humans,", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00133-00043016-00043272": "but evidently not in non-diabetic humans.", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00134-00043272-00043584": "PCOS sufferers are kind of pre-diabetic, so would it work for them?", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00135-00043696-00043904": "First, let's look at those other two studies.", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00136-00043904-00044344": "Here's the diabetic one on the \"Metabolic Effects of Onion and Green Beans.\"", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00137-00044344-00044680": "Diabetics spent a week eating either a small onion a day,", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00138-00044680-00044960": "or the same diet with about five cups of green beans instead,", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00139-00044960-00045144": "and they both worked.", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00140-00045144-00045424": "The onion group dropped people's blood sugars by about 10%,", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00141-00045424-00045616": "and the green beans more like 15%.", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00142-00045736-00046176": "Here's the study that supposedly shows no blood sugar benefits for non-diabetics.", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00143-00046176-00046656": "It's true, onions don't lower normal blood sugars, which is a good thing,", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00144-00046656-00047000": "but check out what happens when you feed people sugar.", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00145-00047000-00047336": "Have people down about two tablespoons of corn syrup, and their blood sugars", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00146-00047336-00047808": "shoot up over the next two hours before their body's able to tamp it back down.", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00147-00047808-00048304": "But give people the exact same amount of sugar, but with more and more onion,", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00148-00048304-00048600": "and the blood sugar spike is significantly dampened,", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00149-00048600-00048944": "almost as much as if you had instead given them an antidiabetic drug.", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00150-00048944-00049248": "And we see the same when you give people a shot of adrenaline —", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00151-00049248-00049592": "with or without onions.", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00152-00049680-00050152": "So, are there blood sugar benefits for diabetics and non-diabetics alike?", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00153-00050232-00050648": "No difference was found between the higher and lower onion groups", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00154-00050648-00050960": "of PCOS patients, nor were there any differences", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00155-00050960-00051216": "in a marker of inflammation between the two groups.", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00156-00051216-00051512": "But women with PCOS aren't just at higher risk for diabetes", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00157-00051512-00051776": "and inflammation, but also high cholesterol.", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00158-00051840-00052072": "Women with PCOS are seven times more likely", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00159-00052072-00052367": "to have a heart attack, the number one killer of women,", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00160-00052367-00052712": "but raw red onion consumption appears to be effective", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00161-00052712-00052888": "as a cholesterol-lowering food,", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00162-00052888-00053167": "though the high onion group only dropped their LDL cholesterol", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00163-00053167-00053552": "about five points, not significantly different than the low onion group.", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00164-00053624-00054064": "I did find this study from nearly 50 years ago where researchers fed", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00165-00054064-00054408": "people nearly an entire stick of butter, and their cholesterol shot up", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00166-00054408-00054640": "about 30 points within hours of consumption,", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00167-00054640-00054824": "but only nine points or three points", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00168-00054824-00055160": "when combined with about a third cup of raw or boiled onion,", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00169-00055224-00055688": "the moral of the story being don't eat a stick of butter.", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00170-00055808-00056079": "We would love it if you could share with us your stories", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00171-00056079-00056400": "about reinventing your health through evidence-based nutrition.", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00172-00056455-00056784": "Go to nutritionfacts.org/testimonials.", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00173-00056784-00057216": "We may share it on our social media to help inspire others.", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00174-00057304-00057728": "To see any graphs, charts, graphics, images, or studies mentioned here,", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00175-00057728-00058048": "please go to the Nutrition Facts Podcast landing page.", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00176-00058048-00058300": "There you’ll find all the detailed information you need –", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00177-00058300-00058720": "plus, links to all of the sources we cite to each of these topics.", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00178-00058824-00059208": "My latest two books are “How to Survive a Pandemic”,", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00179-00059264-00059584": "available on e-book, audiobook, or actual book.", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00180-00059584-00059991": "And the “How Not to Diet Cookbook”, with more than 100 recipes for", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00181-00059991-00060208": "delicious and nutritious meals.", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00182-00060279-00060752": "All the proceeds I receive from the sales of my books go to charity.", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00183-00060832-00061216": "NutritionFacts.org is a nonprofit, science-based public service,", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00184-00061216-00061400": "where you can sign up for free daily updates", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00185-00061400-00061816": "on the latest in nutrition research via bite-sized videos and articles.", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00186-00061816-00062000": "Everything on the website is free.", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00187-00062055-00062304": "There’s no ads, no corporate sponsorship.", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00188-00062304-00062655": "It’s strictly non-commercial. I’m not selling anything.", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00189-00062655-00062991": "I just put it up as a public service, as a labor of love,", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00190-00062991-00063288": "as a tribute to my grandmother,", "aT9i1qkp1Ju-00191-00063288-00063944": "whose own life was saved with evidence-based nutrition."}}, {"audio_id": "aTyluk2-cJo", "text": {"aTyluk2-cJo-00000-00001200-00001655": "Welcome everyone we'd like to start the session on Radical Partnerships Expanding Academic", "aTyluk2-cJo-00001-00001655-00002256": "Collaboration and Data and Computational Sciences. We're happy to be with you here in person, I was", "aTyluk2-cJo-00002-00002256-00002792": "thinking this morning it's been probably three years since we've had in-person sessions for many", "aTyluk2-cJo-00003-00002792-00003304": "of us in the data community so we are absolutely delighted to see you very happy we don't have to", "aTyluk2-cJo-00004-00003304-00003824": "say could you please un-mute yourself we do intend for this to be very interactive and hope that you", "aTyluk2-cJo-00005-00003824-00004400": "will ask questions uh throughout the session don't wait feel like you have to wait until the end", "aTyluk2-cJo-00006-00004400-00004856": "but to start let me introduce my colleagues I'm Joel Herndon I'm the Director of the Center", "aTyluk2-cJo-00007-00004856-00005376": "for Data and Visualization Sciences at Duke University Libraries to my right is Stephanie", "aTyluk2-cJo-00008-00005376-00006048": "Labou from the University of California San Diego. Next we have Tim Dennis from UCLA Library", "aTyluk2-cJo-00009-00006048-00006608": "and finally Harrison Decker from the University of Rhode Island today. We're going to be talking", "aTyluk2-cJo-00010-00006608-00007264": "a little bit about data science in our libraries how it's evolved some of the successes that we've", "aTyluk2-cJo-00011-00007264-00007720": "seen some of the challenges we've faced and the role of partnerships in advancing data science", "aTyluk2-cJo-00012-00007720-00008480": "at each of our respective universities this is a an area that has seen rapid growth on all of", "aTyluk2-cJo-00013-00008480-00009008": "our campuses and for the last couple of months we've engaged in a discussion talking about", "aTyluk2-cJo-00014-00009008-00009504": "how different data science can be depending on the institutional circumstances where it starts and we", "aTyluk2-cJo-00015-00009504-00009992": "hope we can expand that conversation with you the audience today to talk about what you're seeing at", "aTyluk2-cJo-00016-00009992-00010560": "your particular institution and we can explore this base together if you do have a question or", "aTyluk2-cJo-00017-00010560-00011048": "comment if you could identify yourself in the institution that uh you are a part of we we'd", "aTyluk2-cJo-00018-00011048-00011440": "love to hear more a little bit about kind of the context that you're bringing to the discussion", "aTyluk2-cJo-00019-00011568-00012032": "but to begin we'd like to start with a little bit a short introduction followed by a little bit of", "aTyluk2-cJo-00020-00012032-00012464": "background about each of our institutions and then we're going to open to a longer discussion", "aTyluk2-cJo-00021-00012464-00012960": "amongst the panel and the audience about kind of some of these issues of the rise of data science", "aTyluk2-cJo-00022-00013016-00013440": "i think the first thing that we want to acknowledge to the audience is that data science", "aTyluk2-cJo-00023-00013440-00014096": "is a space that is um challenging to define or at least as a contested term in a lot of spaces", "aTyluk2-cJo-00024-00014152-00014744": "generally there's some aspects of computer science or computing mathematics and statistics", "aTyluk2-cJo-00025-00014744-00015319": "and domain expertise inside of the space but the particulars vary a great deal when you're", "aTyluk2-cJo-00026-00015319-00015808": "talking with different researchers or different administrators about what actually is included", "aTyluk2-cJo-00027-00015919-00016416": "these these different word clouds from across google give you some idea that many things are", "aTyluk2-cJo-00028-00016416-00016904": "considered inside of the space some are outside we're going to take a fairly expansive approach", "aTyluk2-cJo-00029-00016904-00017688": "today being very inclusive about what may be inside second we would like to take note that", "aTyluk2-cJo-00030-00017744-00018192": "of a couple of different things about the state of computational and data science at universities", "aTyluk2-cJo-00031-00018256-00018672": "first it's that it's increasingly common at most universities across the u.s", "aTyluk2-cJo-00032-00018672-00019128": "unlike a few years ago where you might hear some skepticism about data science increasingly", "aTyluk2-cJo-00033-00019128-00019696": "this is a fairly standard thing people know the term data science computational science", "aTyluk2-cJo-00034-00019696-00020232": "we're seeing more departments institutes and programs over time i think the second", "aTyluk2-cJo-00035-00020232-00020672": "thing that we wanted to note is that the library has a very special role in this base there are", "aTyluk2-cJo-00036-00020672-00021216": "different domain particularities when you're talking about data and computational science", "aTyluk2-cJo-00037-00021216-00021744": "as a domain agnostic space on campus that it tends to be very inclusive libraries have", "aTyluk2-cJo-00038-00021744-00022376": "a special opportunity to reach out and to try to partner with other groups across the campus", "aTyluk2-cJo-00039-00022440-00023048": "this makes it a fairly special space finally we want to go ahead and assert and indeed we'll come", "aTyluk2-cJo-00040-00023048-00023536": "back to this uh through the presentation about the on-the-ground details for data science are", "aTyluk2-cJo-00041-00023536-00023984": "going to vary a great deal based on your university size the focus of the university", "aTyluk2-cJo-00042-00024048-00024576": "it's going to vary a lot about the size of the library and the um and the role that the library", "aTyluk2-cJo-00043-00024576-00025072": "plays on campus and there's a little bit of path dependency or kind of how data science", "aTyluk2-cJo-00044-00025072-00025560": "developed on your campus as well that's going to change how this plays out in the day-to-day", "aTyluk2-cJo-00045-00025720-00026112": "i think the final thing i want to say before we talk a little bit about each of our institutions", "aTyluk2-cJo-00046-00026112-00026504": "is that we are going to make the assertion that there is a shared opportunity for library and", "aTyluk2-cJo-00047-00026504-00027080": "data science there's a long history in research libraries across the country um in our involvement", "aTyluk2-cJo-00048-00027080-00027608": "in data science training and data training in general so that that is a well-established fact", "aTyluk2-cJo-00049-00027608-00028127": "but in addition to that there's a long history of collaborative efforts in data science and data", "aTyluk2-cJo-00050-00028127-00028776": "curation and open science spaces on campus not only on campus with research computing i.t groups", "aTyluk2-cJo-00051-00028776-00029312": "and faculty members but also across institutions as well we have groups such as the carpentries", "aTyluk2-cJo-00052-00029312-00029976": "which is significantly expanded data science training across the us the data curation network", "aTyluk2-cJo-00053-00029976-00030495": "which is at the intersection of some of these data science tools and methods in data curation", "aTyluk2-cJo-00054-00030495-00031144": "and open science work and other organizations and beyond all of this the strong networks of data", "aTyluk2-cJo-00055-00031144-00031664": "professionals that are at all of your institutions who work closely together to share challenges and", "aTyluk2-cJo-00056-00031664-00032383": "information as we move forward with that i'll uh let stephanie talk a little bit about work at ucsd", "aTyluk2-cJo-00057-00032480-00033048": "so we wanted to start by giving an overview of our campuses because spoiler alert we do not agree", "aTyluk2-cJo-00058-00033048-00033496": "on a bunch of the things that we are going to talk about um which should make for an interesting", "aTyluk2-cJo-00059-00033496-00034032": "panel and part of this is because we're coming from different organizations with different groups", "aTyluk2-cJo-00060-00034032-00034672": "we collaborate different size institutions so uc san diego is a really big institution", "aTyluk2-cJo-00061-00034776-00035384": "i usually say when i'm talking at conferences like this or with students like there's 40 000", "aTyluk2-cJo-00062-00035384-00035768": "of you and there's one of me now it's not true that i'm doing all of this alone that's not even", "aTyluk2-cJo-00063-00035768-00036344": "remotely true but it does kind of make that point that if we have 40 000 students that's a lot of", "aTyluk2-cJo-00064-00036344-00037256": "people to support especially when data is such a hot topic and um we have an increasing number of", "aTyluk2-cJo-00065-00037256-00037904": "of majors that are taking that sort of like data and computational bent so we have our", "aTyluk2-cJo-00066-00037904-00038464": "data science undergrad we're going to have a new master's program and a new phd program in data", "aTyluk2-cJo-00067-00038464-00039112": "science we have political science specializations that are focusing on really computational methods", "aTyluk2-cJo-00068-00039112-00039616": "and it seems like every quarter we're getting some new announcement of a group on campus that", "aTyluk2-cJo-00069-00039616-00040384": "has decided yes we are going to form some new like alliance or initiative that's really focused on", "aTyluk2-cJo-00070-00040384-00041064": "data or computational methods and so we're fortunate in that we have a lot of stakeholders", "aTyluk2-cJo-00071-00041064-00041752": "on campus so we do have the halo jolo data science institute sdsc um but just because", "aTyluk2-cJo-00072-00041752-00042472": "we have a bunch of different resources on campus doesn't mean that it's simple to navigate it just", "aTyluk2-cJo-00073-00042472-00043056": "means that there are more places people have to go and it just means that we have more silos so", "aTyluk2-cJo-00074-00043056-00043616": "a lot of what we focus on for collaboration is how can we take the resources that we have", "aTyluk2-cJo-00075-00043616-00044336": "and make it easier for a student to access i've been at uc san diego for about four years now", "aTyluk2-cJo-00076-00044336-00044888": "and i still sometimes don't know who to talk to to get questions answered and so how is a", "aTyluk2-cJo-00077-00044888-00045464": "student supposed to navigate all these different components if they're in social science there's", "aTyluk2-cJo-00078-00045464-00046072": "a computing cluster in social science it doesn't really talk to sdsc but maybe it does depending", "aTyluk2-cJo-00079-00046072-00046736": "on the pi so we've got a lot of different moving parts at ucsd um in the library sorry i have to", "aTyluk2-cJo-00080-00046736-00047352": "like look back and check my own slides um there's me i'm the data science librarian thank you tool", "aTyluk2-cJo-00081-00047408-00048096": "we have our gis librarian we have a data in gis lab we have a research data curation program that", "aTyluk2-cJo-00082-00048096-00048680": "focuses on trainings we have our fantastic it group that's only not listed here because i ran", "aTyluk2-cJo-00083-00048680-00049184": "out of space on the slide but they're really crucial for a lot of what we're working on", "aTyluk2-cJo-00084-00049288-00049824": "so with all this is to say okay if we have a limited amount of resources which we do and", "aTyluk2-cJo-00085-00049824-00050464": "we have this huge campus and this huge appetite for data and data science how can we try to be", "aTyluk2-cJo-00086-00050464-00051136": "most effective without burning out everyone in the library trying to support every one of our 40 000", "aTyluk2-cJo-00087-00051136-00051832": "students which all have various needs and so if we look at the student breakdown we do have a very", "aTyluk2-cJo-00088-00051832-00052560": "large undergrad population and of our undergrad social sciences are quite popular so like we do", "aTyluk2-cJo-00089-00052560-00053160": "have a medical school we do have oceanography a lot of people think of ucsd as a very stem campus", "aTyluk2-cJo-00090-00053248-00053800": "and it is but it turns out that our social science students are a large part of our student body", "aTyluk2-cJo-00091-00053800-00054376": "and they are really getting into data and computational methods and so we're also", "aTyluk2-cJo-00092-00054376-00055032": "seeing as we see differences between domain also differences between undergrads and grad students", "aTyluk2-cJo-00093-00055032-00055728": "and so depending on what program the undergrads are in they may get a little bit of data science", "aTyluk2-cJo-00094-00055728-00056391": "broadly defined this might be taking a statistics class that happens to use r so you'll learn how to", "aTyluk2-cJo-00095-00056391-00056991": "run a regression in r but you're never going to be taught how to organize your data or wrangle", "aTyluk2-cJo-00096-00056991-00057384": "your data rename your data or clean your data or all those things that are part of data science", "aTyluk2-cJo-00097-00057576-00058079": "and there might be curricular gaps in the undergrad what seems to shake out though is", "aTyluk2-cJo-00098-00058079-00058712": "we have this pool of undergrads who are getting a little bit of information in their courses", "aTyluk2-cJo-00099-00058712-00059216": "and they're wanting to to build off of that conversely we have this graduate population", "aTyluk2-cJo-00100-00059216-00059976": "who comes into grad school and they're told great welcome you should already know how to do this but", "aTyluk2-cJo-00101-00059976-00060408": "they've actually never been taught how to do a lot of these methodologies in their undergrad", "aTyluk2-cJo-00102-00060408-00061152": "program so i work a lot with our school of global policy and strategy our masters of public health", "aTyluk2-cJo-00103-00061152-00061704": "and these other master's programs where they have two years that's not a lot of time to learn these", "aTyluk2-cJo-00104-00061704-00062400": "methodologies but they're being told okay welcome welcome to ucsd welcome to your master's program", "aTyluk2-cJo-00105-00062400-00063200": "by thursday please have started to analyze your research using r and they kind of panic and that", "aTyluk2-cJo-00106-00063200-00063679": "tends to be my bread and butter for the grad students they are the ones who need some sort", "aTyluk2-cJo-00107-00063679-00064360": "of support because there isn't an option at the moment in their courses to have another", "aTyluk2-cJo-00108-00064360-00065176": "place to go and so they find me and then word of mouth takes care of the rest um so i'm coming at", "aTyluk2-cJo-00109-00065176-00065592": "it from this place of we've got people who are trying to build on their skills and then people", "aTyluk2-cJo-00110-00065592-00066376": "who really just need this foundational knowledge okay all of this to say is we do a lot we can't", "aTyluk2-cJo-00111-00066376-00067064": "get every student but we try to have a range of activities to support the students and so we do", "aTyluk2-cJo-00112-00067064-00067656": "offer a quarter long data skills course for gps it's based off the carpentry curriculum", "aTyluk2-cJo-00113-00067760-00068296": "we run a lot of carpentries workshops they're very popular we work with our research i.t they're a", "aTyluk2-cJo-00114-00068296-00068880": "really valuable collaborative partner that we have uc love data week is where we collaborate", "aTyluk2-cJo-00115-00068880-00069568": "with the other uc campuses and the libraries because i could organize a week of events", "aTyluk2-cJo-00116-00069568-00070296": "um to reach my affiliates or i could work with tim at ucla and the other ucs", "aTyluk2-cJo-00117-00070296-00070824": "we could all do one event and this past year we reached a thousand people we had a thousand people", "aTyluk2-cJo-00118-00070824-00071480": "register and attend which is fantastic um and then of course on-demand consultations and class visits", "aTyluk2-cJo-00119-00071544-00072088": "for you know supporting faculty who are interested in this because it's not just students we have a", "aTyluk2-cJo-00120-00072088-00072648": "class that we work with and they are taking their student data science projects and we work with", "aTyluk2-cJo-00121-00072648-00073360": "them to create metadata and document and then we ingest it into the library's digital collections", "aTyluk2-cJo-00122-00073360-00073952": "and it's their first real experience of that end of the data science life cycle which is you did", "aTyluk2-cJo-00123-00073952-00074424": "something cool and then they graduate and like it's in a google drive somewhere that breaks", "aTyluk2-cJo-00124-00074424-00074944": "so we didn't love that so we take it into our collections and they learn a little bit about how", "aTyluk2-cJo-00125-00074944-00075696": "data science lives on and then of course um a plug for this afternoon we also hosted some leading", "aTyluk2-cJo-00126-00075696-00076144": "fellows and they're going to be talking this afternoon and so that's the brief overview for", "aTyluk2-cJo-00127-00076144-00076688": "ucsd to give you a sense of where i'm coming from when i probably disagree with harrison about some", "aTyluk2-cJo-00128-00076688-00077184": "of the things we're going to talk about because that's what came up in our pre-planning sessions", "aTyluk2-cJo-00129-00077368-00077856": "so our second institution is duke university we are a private medium-sized university", "aTyluk2-cJo-00130-00077856-00078384": "of roughly 1700 undergraduate and graduate students with multiple professional schools", "aTyluk2-cJo-00131-00078384-00078952": "and our data science landscape is actually one of multiple data science efforts on", "aTyluk2-cJo-00132-00078952-00079464": "campus with multiple schools institutes and departments and individual faculty actually", "aTyluk2-cJo-00133-00079624-00080088": "engaging in different data science experiments at different levels of formality and i'll talk", "aTyluk2-cJo-00134-00080088-00080688": "a little bit about more about how that is shaped or formed over the years in a moment but at the", "aTyluk2-cJo-00135-00080688-00081168": "moment things have gotten a little more formal there is a large science and technology initiative", "aTyluk2-cJo-00136-00081168-00081736": "being led at the university level with a focus on computational thinking and its role both in", "aTyluk2-cJo-00137-00081736-00082216": "research and inside of the curriculum and increasingly many of the groups that have", "aTyluk2-cJo-00138-00082216-00082704": "worked separately and many of these efforts are coming together at this point and discussing how", "aTyluk2-cJo-00139-00082704-00083248": "do we do this together how are we providing these services so there's a lot of hope that that will", "aTyluk2-cJo-00140-00083248-00083888": "generate of some synergies across the different groups as well as new ideas and new strategies", "aTyluk2-cJo-00141-00084000-00084440": "as i mentioned earlier we have a wide range of different data science and", "aTyluk2-cJo-00142-00084440-00084816": "computational initiatives everything ranging to a formal master's program", "aTyluk2-cJo-00143-00084872-00085424": "an undergraduate certificate um another initiative the rhodes information initiative that brings", "aTyluk2-cJo-00144-00085424-00086048": "together researchers interested in the space some undergraduate groups and clubs as well as", "aTyluk2-cJo-00145-00086104-00086592": "some machine learning initiatives both on the college and on the medical center side", "aTyluk2-cJo-00146-00086688-00087232": "but increasingly there is more a sense of trying to there's always been a sense of collaboration", "aTyluk2-cJo-00147-00087232-00087680": "but more of a formal collaboration as we've launched a new group called the duke center", "aTyluk2-cJo-00148-00087680-00088224": "for computational thinking this is bringing us together increasingly to talk about how do these", "aTyluk2-cJo-00149-00088224-00088728": "efforts flow together what can we learn from each other and how can we make them work even better", "aTyluk2-cJo-00150-00088896-00089256": "in duke libraries we've been involved in data science training", "aTyluk2-cJo-00151-00089256-00089720": "roughly probably about a decade at this point we may not have called it data science", "aTyluk2-cJo-00152-00089720-00090216": "when we started but as we had more and more students requesting assistance working with", "aTyluk2-cJo-00153-00090272-00091016": "open source analytics tools data visualization digital mapping computational lien to it we", "aTyluk2-cJo-00154-00091016-00091544": "increased our staffing in all of those spaces as well as look for key faculty members who would", "aTyluk2-cJo-00155-00091544-00092112": "partner with us as we worked on those projects we each semester work with a wide range of", "aTyluk2-cJo-00156-00092112-00092584": "classes on campus trying to bring those topics into the individual faculty members classroom", "aTyluk2-cJo-00157-00092776-00093280": "as well as increasingly have moved more to providing workshops on these topics roughly 30", "aTyluk2-cJo-00158-00093280-00093880": "workshops each semester outside of the pandemic far fewer inside of the pandemic if you look at", "aTyluk2-cJo-00159-00093880-00094320": "the graph on the left-hand side for the last few years you'll notice that the average registration", "aTyluk2-cJo-00160-00094320-00094944": "in those workshops and zoom did help i will admit has gone steadily up higher and higher as more and", "aTyluk2-cJo-00161-00094944-00095512": "more students self-identify as needing these skills and as my colleague stephanie has just", "aTyluk2-cJo-00162-00095512-00095992": "noted is needing these skills usually just in time these are a lot of students who are not getting", "aTyluk2-cJo-00163-00095992-00096504": "this training as part of their degree program or either they need a refresher in time for a", "aTyluk2-cJo-00164-00096504-00096992": "particular project they're working on so we we see that as kind of a core area of some of the support", "aTyluk2-cJo-00165-00097048-00097680": "we're providing on campus the pandemic has really forced us to um really forced us to", "aTyluk2-cJo-00166-00097680-00098304": "reconsider how we provide instruction we've done a lot of experiments on putting more content online", "aTyluk2-cJo-00167-00098360-00098896": "and we are not alone inside of that space several of these slides which in the documentation", "aTyluk2-cJo-00168-00098896-00099280": "that you can go back and look at individual ones are the library's instruction sessions", "aTyluk2-cJo-00169-00099344-00099736": "we've done everything from synchronous to asynchronous training online", "aTyluk2-cJo-00170-00099936-00100376": "our colleagues in the center are doing more and more content putting it out on youtube", "aTyluk2-cJo-00171-00100376-00100824": "for students to discover around the country generally we're trying to make this available", "aTyluk2-cJo-00172-00100824-00101256": "as open as possible not just for the duke community but for anyone who might be interested", "aTyluk2-cJo-00173-00101320-00101800": "in trying to make it as flexible as we can i think this is one of the wonderful things", "aTyluk2-cJo-00174-00101800-00102224": "about working with the center for computational thinking and that it allows us to kind of do", "aTyluk2-cJo-00175-00102224-00102711": "a large range of experiments at the same time and compare and contrast about well how well did that", "aTyluk2-cJo-00176-00102711-00103264": "work is this actually reaching the people did you see a change and kind of what you were trying to", "aTyluk2-cJo-00177-00103264-00103983": "achieve with the particular instruction session i would be remiss if i didn't once again reinforce", "aTyluk2-cJo-00178-00103983-00104552": "this concept of partnerships and developing our program um we are a fairly large data unit in the", "aTyluk2-cJo-00179-00104552-00105056": "library there's seven of us with different skill areas that may be part of our discussion as well", "aTyluk2-cJo-00180-00105120-00105568": "when we offer a wide range of data science topics because we have several individuals who", "aTyluk2-cJo-00181-00105568-00106135": "have different skill sets in the group and we're not all providing the same areas of data science", "aTyluk2-cJo-00182-00106135-00106616": "but i think the thing that's really helped us well are some of these outreach initiatives for many", "aTyluk2-cJo-00183-00106616-00107264": "years going back to 2015 we've been a core partner with the american statistical association's data", "aTyluk2-cJo-00184-00107264-00107808": "fest competition on campus we spent a weekend working with undergraduate students and some high", "aTyluk2-cJo-00185-00107808-00108328": "school students on a data competition that allows them to use all of these data science skills", "aTyluk2-cJo-00186-00108383-00108824": "as well as presenting those things back to a general audience at the end of the competition", "aTyluk2-cJo-00187-00108896-00109320": "we work on longer form sessions like data plus at the university which brings together", "aTyluk2-cJo-00188-00109320-00109752": "undergraduate students to work on research projects for about nine weeks every summer", "aTyluk2-cJo-00189-00109752-00110176": "providing instruction and partnering with them and indeed we're trying to reach out to the", "aTyluk2-cJo-00190-00110176-00110664": "community as well partnering with data science groups like the r ladies are as a statistical", "aTyluk2-cJo-00191-00110664-00111072": "programming language bringing them into the library allowing them to have their meetings", "aTyluk2-cJo-00192-00111072-00111568": "and bringing in speakers which benefits not only our ladies i hope but also the wider community", "aTyluk2-cJo-00193-00111632-00112208": "inside the triangle and so we're very optimistic as data science continues to grow and hope that we", "aTyluk2-cJo-00194-00112208-00112864": "can continue um expanding this outreach expanding the partnerships both on campus and beyond and", "aTyluk2-cJo-00195-00112864-00113728": "with that i'll turn the presentation over to tim all right hello um ucla just a bit of the facts of", "aTyluk2-cJo-00196-00113728-00114511": "the university it's also a really large campus and also very diverse campus for a lot of different", "aTyluk2-cJo-00197-00114511-00115096": "diversity perspectives and backgrounds we're very proud that 31 first generation undergrads", "aTyluk2-cJo-00198-00115096-00115704": "their first time attending college and their families and also a lot of international students", "aTyluk2-cJo-00199-00115704-00116296": "it's a really announcement and with that we have also a lot of research funding", "aTyluk2-cJo-00200-00116296-00116728": "which there's always kind of interesting data increasingly data and computationally", "aTyluk2-cJo-00201-00116728-00117288": "centric projects happening on campus that we can plug in and play with and support", "aTyluk2-cJo-00202-00117496-00118352": "we have 34 departments 128 majors look that up and i i don't have the numbers from our workshop", "aTyluk2-cJo-00203-00118352-00118968": "so we we're over a hundred have reached you know over 100 from in our workshops", "aTyluk2-cJo-00204-00118968-00119576": "that people have attended 50 graduate programs on campus is a bit i always love the term", "aTyluk2-cJo-00205-00119648-00120535": "federated you know or distributed you know rather than ad hoc um so we have", "aTyluk2-cJo-00206-00120535-00121368": "there's computational data and digital scholarship support happens in our research computing group um", "aTyluk2-cJo-00207-00121448-00122016": "it happens in the medical school they have their own kind of unit that supports data science of", "aTyluk2-cJo-00208-00122016-00122648": "their own virtual enclave do a lot of cool stuff with jupiter notebooks in their own little sandbox", "aTyluk2-cJo-00209-00122752-00123432": "we also have a quantitative biology group that teaches workshops consulting", "aTyluk2-cJo-00210-00123640-00124240": "and then within each division like social science has a social science computing group", "aTyluk2-cJo-00211-00124240-00124888": "that has a data scientist a little group within that consulting both faculty there", "aTyluk2-cJo-00212-00124952-00125464": "the humanities and technologies there's a home tech group that also provides support", "aTyluk2-cJo-00213-00125520-00126048": "so it's just this it's a big array of a campus and it's like stephanie articulated you know", "aTyluk2-cJo-00214-00126111-00126632": "people get lost in along the way finding to find who is there who are the right people to talk to", "aTyluk2-cJo-00215-00126696-00127344": "we don't have a real effective way to congeal and connect all those services together we're trying", "aTyluk2-cJo-00216-00127344-00128104": "to work on that more but in the library i run the data science center and we have five fte now", "aTyluk2-cJo-00217-00128296-00128848": "two technical data roles one is the data scientist technical data scientist which is", "aTyluk2-cJo-00218-00128848-00129472": "a new classification relatively new classification in the uc occurred if you will for those who are", "aTyluk2-cJo-00219-00129472-00129976": "in the uc system encourage you to use it um another is another data management type", "aTyluk2-cJo-00220-00129976-00130896": "role it's also technical a a spatial data science librarian an emerging technologies librarian all", "aTyluk2-cJo-00221-00130896-00131504": "within our unit we also have other contributors to our service i've been really fortunate my", "aTyluk2-cJo-00222-00131504-00132152": "unit is in the digital initiatives i.t group and we've been we've recruited like a senior", "aTyluk2-cJo-00223-00132152-00132696": "software developer to kind of also contribute time and he has a background in machine learning and", "aTyluk2-cJo-00224-00132696-00133424": "data science kind of natural fit he can give us a few hours a week and he teaches with us as well", "aTyluk2-cJo-00225-00133424-00134040": "we have another a couple people in our operations group one in particular has a gis background it", "aTyluk2-cJo-00226-00134040-00134632": "also contributes some consulting hours and instruction and then beyond that our", "aTyluk2-cJo-00227-00134632-00135152": "user user engagement group which is more like the liaising libraries there are two data roles", "aTyluk2-cJo-00228-00135152-00135984": "like a science data role and also a data literacy role so we're kind of knitting this together", "aTyluk2-cJo-00229-00136064-00136480": "um to give you a sense of kind of these are just some programs that i", "aTyluk2-cJo-00230-00136544-00137016": "that we've actually worked with a number of these groups um through the data science center", "aTyluk2-cJo-00231-00137016-00137704": "the million dollar hoods is really kind of um it's a center that was funded recently it's done a lot", "aTyluk2-cJo-00232-00137704-00138448": "of work to get incarceration data out of the lapd they teach a class that we co-taught um", "aTyluk2-cJo-00233-00138448-00139128": "half of the class we taught r and geo-computation and also like doing mapping and gis so", "aTyluk2-cJo-00234-00139200-00139736": "that was done in the african-american studies history department right so it's kind of this is", "aTyluk2-cJo-00235-00139736-00140648": "teaching this non-traditional crowd like how to do these computational tasks and project based over", "aTyluk2-cJo-00236-00140648-00141280": "over a term over two terms actually so that's a really cool project the um the other programs that", "aTyluk2-cJo-00237-00141280-00141912": "kind of popped up uh the data there's a master's in data science engineering i love i still like", "aTyluk2-cJo-00238-00141912-00142504": "have not really liaised really well with this data theory degree which is kind of cool theory", "aTyluk2-cJo-00239-00142600-00143200": "um we have worked really well with the anderson management school where they have a master's in", "aTyluk2-cJo-00240-00143200-00144008": "business analysis and we've done like uh datathon with them where we talk like r like the week", "aTyluk2-cJo-00241-00144008-00144648": "before the datathon and then date done happens and we become judges part of the day that has worked", "aTyluk2-cJo-00242-00144648-00145168": "pretty well um we also worked really effectively with the social science division because that's", "aTyluk2-cJo-00243-00145272-00145832": "our my unit was previously from the social science division so we've we've taught some", "aTyluk2-cJo-00244-00145832-00146416": "we've taught um workshops and worked with the urban studies group and also a masters", "aTyluk2-cJo-00245-00146416-00146904": "of social science program kind of like stephanie mentioned you have these terminal programs that", "aTyluk2-cJo-00246-00146968-00147344": "you know they don't they just get dropped in they don't have any of that background", "aTyluk2-cJo-00247-00147464-00147864": "skills so they're kind of like oh wow how do i learn this i want to be marketable too", "aTyluk2-cJo-00248-00148248-00148936": "so this just to give you a sense of my unit it really started as a social science data archive", "aTyluk2-cJo-00249-00148992-00149416": "that was in the social science division in existence in the 70s", "aTyluk2-cJo-00250-00149416-00150128": "we're still like this the you know caretaker of the that that data archive and 2018 we rebranded", "aTyluk2-cJo-00251-00150128-00150600": "into the data science center partly because there's the acknowledged desire when they", "aTyluk2-cJo-00252-00150664-00151136": "move the archive into the library that the library really didn't have data services", "aTyluk2-cJo-00253-00151136-00151832": "which traditionally kind data science and libraries is and so we rebranded into", "aTyluk2-cJo-00254-00151832-00152464": "data science center partly to reflect the change in research research innovation", "aTyluk2-cJo-00255-00152464-00152952": "all these computational methods and then what the library endeavor really wanted to support", "aTyluk2-cJo-00256-00153056-00153616": "we really see it we focus really on democratizing these skills so we have researchers who come in", "aTyluk2-cJo-00257-00153616-00154088": "they all hear machine learning or all these buzzwords or jargony stuff i want to use this", "aTyluk2-cJo-00258-00154144-00154792": "and we kind of help guide them through well do you really want to use this um let's let's look at", "aTyluk2-cJo-00259-00154792-00155248": "your data let's see what the best methods are and we're really trying to teach people how to fish", "aTyluk2-cJo-00260-00155448-00156000": "we want to help people learn these skills and become become part of their their research because", "aTyluk2-cJo-00261-00156000-00156488": "you really don't want to publish your own research you don't really know what's going on inside of it", "aTyluk2-cJo-00262-00156488-00157016": "right it's like a black box of something that happens inside of machine learning algorithm", "aTyluk2-cJo-00263-00157072-00157472": "you kind of need to know more so that's our perspective so you want to make it welcoming", "aTyluk2-cJo-00264-00157472-00158104": "warm you know help people into this this domain we also teach those this", "aTyluk2-cJo-00265-00158104-00158672": "the gaps of those skills um in our numerous workshops and i'll jump to the next slide", "aTyluk2-cJo-00266-00158896-00159576": "and so we heavily used the the carpentries um or carpentries member we held we started out with", "aTyluk2-cJo-00267-00159576-00160152": "like maybe one carpentry's instructor and now we have like 20 over the last four years you can see", "aTyluk2-cJo-00268-00160152-00160728": "the dramatic growth in our workshop attendance part of that is that second part which stephanie", "aTyluk2-cJo-00269-00160728-00161256": "mentioned and stephanie was kind of leader in spearheading the uc to week you know so", "aTyluk2-cJo-00270-00161256-00161904": "we started to teach collaboratively during covid with all with other instructors in the uc system", "aTyluk2-cJo-00271-00161992-00162584": "and that's been really successful there's also a uc gis week it's also really successful and", "aTyluk2-cJo-00272-00162584-00163136": "that last workshop there is something we we teach together these carpentry workshops are", "aTyluk2-cJo-00273-00163136-00163608": "more boot camp style i think we had like 15 instructors over three weeks for that one", "aTyluk2-cJo-00274-00163696-00164184": "so highly successful you know it's like but it's also online so it's kind of interesting", "aTyluk2-cJo-00275-00164352-00164992": "how will evolve over time when we move back into face-to-face and then last thing we do a lot of", "aTyluk2-cJo-00276-00164992-00165696": "consulting the one thing i just want to call out we start just kind of partnering uh with other", "aTyluk2-cJo-00277-00165696-00166288": "universities there's this model of the data squad that started at carleton college with colleague", "aTyluk2-cJo-00278-00166288-00167008": "of all of us that we know through association and the idea is it's a model to to hire", "aTyluk2-cJo-00279-00167008-00167536": "undergrad you know higher level students and then they do consulting for you not not a peer", "aTyluk2-cJo-00280-00167536-00168120": "model you know it's they're working with graduate students they're working with faculty and they all", "aTyluk2-cJo-00281-00168120-00168944": "our data squad kids are from like are in the upper level stats department and they're doing really", "aTyluk2-cJo-00282-00168944-00169480": "exciting work and the idea behind this is we want to develop a kind of an international model that", "aTyluk2-cJo-00283-00169480-00170016": "people other institutions can adopt so you can have your own data squad and the other big", "aTyluk2-cJo-00284-00170016-00170632": "component is what help professionalize students so they can you know get the name out for themselves", "aTyluk2-cJo-00285-00170632-00171128": "add it to the resume we want to ask them to write blog entries and kind of have this profile", "aTyluk2-cJo-00286-00171128-00171944": "coming out i think that's me i'm sorry that took too long and i'll hand it to harrison okay so i'm", "aTyluk2-cJo-00287-00171944-00172576": "a bit of an outlier here and since i work at a kind of typical medium-sized public university", "aTyluk2-cJo-00288-00172696-00173496": "um we're an r3 but somewhat unusual r3 in that we have a small number of programs that", "aTyluk2-cJo-00289-00173496-00174296": "are doing sort of more r1 level work bringing that type of funding very small library staff", "aTyluk2-cJo-00290-00174560-00175168": "and then one faculty data librarian which would be me we also share a position with the computer", "aTyluk2-cJo-00291-00175168-00175912": "science department that position does not sort of have a public-facing role in the library there", "aTyluk2-cJo-00292-00175912-00176488": "he's more involved in writing grants that could be potentially benefit potentially", "aTyluk2-cJo-00293-00176488-00177064": "beneficial to the library data programs uh so bringing in money to try to fund new programs", "aTyluk2-cJo-00294-00177176-00177744": "that's all sort of in this kind of entrepreneurial spirit that we have um at", "aTyluk2-cJo-00295-00177744-00178296": "sort of the administrative level in the library now one kind of unique thing that sets us apart", "aTyluk2-cJo-00296-00178296-00179160": "is our ai lab in the library which was funded through a local non-profit that funds a variety of", "aTyluk2-cJo-00297-00179160-00179728": "educational initiatives usually just equipment type and infrastructure grants but because of that", "aTyluk2-cJo-00298-00179728-00180272": "we were able to acquire some fairly in addition to some robotics equipment and things like that we", "aTyluk2-cJo-00299-00180272-00180856": "do have pretty advanced technology so we have gp workstations we have a high performance computer", "aTyluk2-cJo-00300-00181104-00181488": "and we are also through that program able to establish a connection with the computer", "aTyluk2-cJo-00301-00181488-00181960": "science department another connection with the computer science department where we hire", "aTyluk2-cJo-00302-00181960-00182440": "one of their lecturers to kind of run our educational programs in the ai lab", "aTyluk2-cJo-00303-00182512-00183040": "and she is also she also runs interim programs so we have a steady stream of", "aTyluk2-cJo-00304-00183136-00183624": "computer science usually computer science students coming in to work on projects lead workshops and", "aTyluk2-cJo-00305-00183624-00184240": "so forth uh through our ai lab program in addition the library has fairly conventional", "aTyluk2-cJo-00306-00184360-00185056": "consortial memberships in like the icpsr consortium and dryad for uh data or the data", "aTyluk2-cJo-00307-00185056-00185904": "try a data repository now um in as for other data services outside the library there's not a ton so", "aTyluk2-cJo-00308-00185904-00186632": "we have uh just recently established uh research computing service with four i think they're in the", "aTyluk2-cJo-00309-00186632-00187088": "process of hiring a fifth person and a fairly recently hired director of research computing", "aTyluk2-cJo-00310-00187176-00187728": "we have a environmental data center for gis but everything they do is is for they charge", "aTyluk2-cJo-00311-00187728-00188264": "for including workshops so not you know it's not something a student could just sort of drop into", "aTyluk2-cJo-00312-00188264-00188816": "to learn gis and then for in internally within the in the psyc department they they have a", "aTyluk2-cJo-00313-00188816-00189360": "quantitative consultation center and i should add to that that we are sort of working on improving", "aTyluk2-cJo-00314-00189360-00190016": "that we've submitted a proposal to the university to um create a data science consulting service", "aTyluk2-cJo-00315-00190016-00190648": "that would be based in the library but would be staffed by people from a variety of departments", "aTyluk2-cJo-00316-00190944-00191544": "so on the on the next slide this is for context that hope maybe will help in in our conversation", "aTyluk2-cJo-00317-00191544-00192104": "as we move forward in this panel i thought it would be important to kind of differentiate", "aTyluk2-cJo-00318-00192192-00192616": "uh what we're talking about with data science is from what i've sort of put in", "aTyluk2-cJo-00319-00192616-00193448": "quotes conventional library data services and um i really see libraries um in involvement in", "aTyluk2-cJo-00320-00193448-00193848": "data science as being an outgrowth from these sorts of data services that have been going on", "aTyluk2-cJo-00321-00193912-00194608": "well probably for at larger research universities for maybe 40 years a lot of a lot of growth in", "aTyluk2-cJo-00322-00194608-00195224": "the last 20 years in a wider range of libraries where you have sort of that orange circle being", "aTyluk2-cJo-00323-00195328-00196000": "let's call it data reference data collection development where you start helping students", "aTyluk2-cJo-00324-00196000-00196632": "and researchers find data resources uh you might devote some of your collection of money", "aTyluk2-cJo-00325-00196632-00197272": "to acquiring either data sets or databases that provide data in order to support more quantitative", "aTyluk2-cJo-00326-00197480-00198320": "approaches in in education and research um then that evolved into or spun off research data", "aTyluk2-cJo-00327-00198320-00199264": "management support and um as we kind of filled positions to to deliver these sorts of services", "aTyluk2-cJo-00328-00199264-00200112": "i think libraries began to hire more staff with programming and disciplinary expertise i won't go", "aTyluk2-cJo-00329-00200112-00200592": "into all these little notes i have about organs organizational impact and mission impact but i", "aTyluk2-cJo-00330-00200592-00201192": "think the kind of takeaway from here is that as you move to that lower dark blue circle it starts", "aTyluk2-cJo-00331-00201192-00201784": "having a bigger organizational impact because of this the types of skills that you're hiring for um", "aTyluk2-cJo-00332-00201848-00202600": "are are more technical and less from kind of the traditional library preparation in fact three of", "aTyluk2-cJo-00333-00202600-00203264": "the panelists here do not have uh library degrees i'll let you guess which three there'll be a prize", "aTyluk2-cJo-00334-00203424-00204160": "um and um and then i have so organizational will be basically just on the i mean that on the side", "aTyluk2-cJo-00335-00204160-00204728": "of the library um and then mission impact would be the broader mission impact of the library within", "aTyluk2-cJo-00336-00204728-00205367": "within the institution and all these are of course you know my subjective opinions but that's again", "aTyluk2-cJo-00337-00205367-00205784": "that's not really the point i want to make right here except for that kind of organizational impact", "aTyluk2-cJo-00338-00205784-00206336": "which i suspect will come back to so in starting my job so i spent 15 years at a", "aTyluk2-cJo-00339-00206400-00206856": "large research university uc berkeley kind of delivering these conventional libraries", "aTyluk2-cJo-00340-00206856-00207384": "data services mainly in the social sciences but built up a skill set that became more consistent", "aTyluk2-cJo-00341-00207384-00208344": "with data science and also was you know part of this uh growth and data science at uc berkeley", "aTyluk2-cJo-00342-00208344-00208760": "where they had the institute for data science and development of the data science program", "aTyluk2-cJo-00343-00208760-00209416": "and i was the library liaison to that and so for my last slide i just want to show you how", "aTyluk2-cJo-00344-00209496-00210232": "we've i've sort of translated that into the things that i've developed at uri the sort of novel data", "aTyluk2-cJo-00345-00210232-00210936": "sciency thing so i've had developed two courses got senate approval for uh an undergraduate", "aTyluk2-cJo-00346-00210936-00211408": "introduction to data science course and then a similar course but at the graduate level", "aTyluk2-cJo-00347-00211471-00212119": "in a graduate online asynchronous graduate certificate program and then i've co-taught", "aTyluk2-cJo-00348-00212184-00212664": "special topics seminars with faculty from marine affairs biology and computer science", "aTyluk2-cJo-00349-00212719-00213160": "we do have uh we do we're fortunate in that we have several faculty who are", "aTyluk2-cJo-00350-00213240-00213671": "active in the data carpentries movement so we do a couple of those workshops per year", "aTyluk2-cJo-00351-00213728-00214400": "we've done uh instructor training sort of irregularly through the ai lab we've done ad", "aTyluk2-cJo-00352-00214400-00215008": "hoc training um at a fairly high level you'll notice here sort of a conspicuous absence of", "aTyluk2-cJo-00353-00215008-00215567": "things that are more directed towards say an undergraduate audience apart from my dsp 110", "aTyluk2-cJo-00354-00215567-00216176": "course that's somewhat intentional on my part uh our traditional public services in the library do", "aTyluk2-cJo-00355-00216176-00216648": "a really good job at the undergraduate level maybe not so much focused on data but they can handle a", "aTyluk2-cJo-00356-00216648-00217256": "lot of the basic questions and and then if as things more technical come up they may or may", "aTyluk2-cJo-00357-00217256-00217880": "not refer things to me and then the last bullet point uh sort of significantly and this has a lot", "aTyluk2-cJo-00358-00217880-00218504": "to do with just sort of the lack of expertise on campus wait that doesn't sound right um", "aTyluk2-cJo-00359-00218504-00218960": "there's not a lot of sort of extra faculty members sort of floating around who can get involved in", "aTyluk2-cJo-00360-00219176-00219864": "funded research so i'm currently serving as a co-pi on a supplement to a multi-year", "aTyluk2-cJo-00361-00219864-00220344": "multi-institutional grant it's an environmental health sciences grant and then we have we're", "aTyluk2-cJo-00362-00220344-00220952": "waiting on a decision on a renewal to that grant in which i would be i would lead the data", "aTyluk2-cJo-00363-00220952-00221623": "management and analysis core of the grant so we've been able to kind of translate my background and", "aTyluk2-cJo-00364-00221623-00222400": "some of the opportunities that present themselves at this sort of smaller um uh university into some", "aTyluk2-cJo-00365-00222464-00222928": "you know embedding the library into some activities like course development and", "aTyluk2-cJo-00366-00222928-00223623": "teaching and uh and funded research that you might not necessarily see at a like an r1 university", "aTyluk2-cJo-00367-00223704-00224136": "so that's my little summary university of rhode island feel free to ask questions about any of", "aTyluk2-cJo-00368-00224136-00224688": "our institutional stuff that's going on um but we are now going to just sort of", "aTyluk2-cJo-00369-00224744-00225408": "set things up with some shared challenges that we have identified and i'm i'm not quite sure", "aTyluk2-cJo-00370-00225408-00226088": "how this conversation will progress but these are the three areas so um one challenges is that the", "aTyluk2-cJo-00371-00226088-00226632": "demand for support outpaces capacity i'll just read them all out and then we can just start", "aTyluk2-cJo-00372-00226632-00227423": "talking and then um the pace of change uh so uh rapidly evolving data science tools", "aTyluk2-cJo-00373-00227423-00227856": "and methods you know how do we keep up although i would sort of argue that this is one of the", "aTyluk2-cJo-00374-00227912-00228576": "niches for the library because we often have more time on our hands to kind of dabble in new things", "aTyluk2-cJo-00375-00228576-00229304": "and to keep up with with trends than some other researchers who really have to keep focused on", "aTyluk2-cJo-00376-00229304-00229944": "their particular field and the traditional tools and then building cross-department collaborations", "aTyluk2-cJo-00377-00229944-00230288": "in order to meet demand how do we how do we do that how do we identify", "aTyluk2-cJo-00378-00230344-00231232": "potential partners to help us uh you know solve these uh challenges essentially", "aTyluk2-cJo-00379-00231232-00231840": "so with that who would like to go first or i guess right maybe we should stop and uh anyone", "aTyluk2-cJo-00380-00231840-00232256": "have their hand up with a question there's a mic right there is a mic in the center", "aTyluk2-cJo-00381-00232440-00232992": "as you can tell we're more than happy and able to riff with each other but um as people have", "aTyluk2-cJo-00382-00233088-00233832": "questions um we are we're more than happy to make it really interactive um if there's anything that", "aTyluk2-cJo-00383-00233832-00234464": "has you know sparked an idea for your institution based on some of these shared challenges i know", "aTyluk2-cJo-00384-00234519-00235152": "that it's not just our four institutions where the demand outpaces capacity um", "aTyluk2-cJo-00385-00235152-00235567": "and if it's if your institution is not having that problem please stand up and tell us how", "aTyluk2-cJo-00386-00235567-00236367": "you've solved it because this is a real topic of conversation or share your resources please", "aTyluk2-cJo-00387-00236367-00236856": "share don't be shy", "aTyluk2-cJo-00388-00237312-00237648": "i think they're recording it so you might if you want to be reflected", "aTyluk2-cJo-00389-00238008-00238480": "uh hi i'm patrick yacht from northeastern uh i'm just wondering if you've experienced what we're", "aTyluk2-cJo-00390-00238480-00239112": "experiencing which is our rising freshmen during the summer before they come to school now reached", "aTyluk2-cJo-00391-00239112-00239856": "out to my data science team for our training in python training thanks i would say there", "aTyluk2-cJo-00392-00239928-00240400": "there's kind of i'm thinking they're kind of two questions there we we and i believe", "aTyluk2-cJo-00393-00240400-00240848": "stephanie mentioned this as well we we do see in the library a lot of students who feel like", "aTyluk2-cJo-00394-00240848-00241344": "they need the base level training and a lot of data science tools in order to actually engage", "aTyluk2-cJo-00395-00241344-00241960": "in the full semester course or the full quarter course that they're taking i have not seen as many", "aTyluk2-cJo-00396-00242104-00242504": "high school students coming in although i had an email on the way here that was", "aTyluk2-cJo-00397-00242504-00242936": "suggesting that may be happening this summer so maybe that is the date of future for duke", "aTyluk2-cJo-00398-00242936-00243456": "and president but we do see a lot of requests for boot camp training which seems very similar where", "aTyluk2-cJo-00399-00243456-00243928": "we have graduate students who are coming into programs where there's an expectation that day", "aTyluk2-cJo-00400-00243928-00244512": "one of that program you will know how to program in python are fill in the blank and we do try to", "aTyluk2-cJo-00401-00244512-00245071": "support those efforts um generally in the summer time because we're a semester-based institution", "aTyluk2-cJo-00402-00245160-00245800": "um i i think there's a question about prioritizing topics in groups which um", "aTyluk2-cJo-00403-00245936-00246352": "differs depending on how many staff and how much bandwidth you actually have in the timing", "aTyluk2-cJo-00404-00246352-00246848": "on a lot of these questions i you know there has been some literature about boot camps how", "aTyluk2-cJo-00405-00246919-00247367": "different individuals here might have different opinions about the impact and the effectiveness of", "aTyluk2-cJo-00406-00247367-00247792": "two weeks of training or two hours of training if you're doing short form instruction", "aTyluk2-cJo-00407-00247792-00248384": "or a series of youtube videos i would probably say we don't have as much evidence as we would", "aTyluk2-cJo-00408-00248384-00248800": "like to actually have the answer about if you have a student who's trying to get up to speed", "aTyluk2-cJo-00409-00248800-00249384": "very quickly most likely it probably differs i would suspect depending on where the student their", "aTyluk2-cJo-00410-00249384-00249823": "background and kind of what they're trying their degree program and what they're trying to achieve", "aTyluk2-cJo-00411-00249904-00250240": "but that's a very long way of asking it's like yes there there are a lot", "aTyluk2-cJo-00412-00250240-00250784": "of people coming to the library as the um i don't use the term institute institution", "aTyluk2-cJo-00413-00250840-00251440": "of last resort but it's seen as the shared space where this training is available and the library", "aTyluk2-cJo-00414-00251440-00252232": "is often willing to do that type of work and i think um so tim mentioned we run kind of this", "aTyluk2-cJo-00415-00252232-00252767": "uh boot camp that's maybe three or four ucs um in the summer right before the quarter", "aTyluk2-cJo-00416-00252767-00253319": "starts and that's mostly for grad students i can say i do get a lot of undergrads their", "aTyluk2-cJo-00417-00253319-00254056": "first week of their freshman year that come in in a panic because they took their very first day", "aTyluk2-cJo-00418-00254056-00254671": "of their very first intro to data science course and looked around and everyone seemed to be", "aTyluk2-cJo-00419-00254776-00255304": "doing deep learning they were coming from high schools where like they got to take a java class", "aTyluk2-cJo-00420-00255304-00256008": "in high school and the library however they come to it seems to be more of like a safe", "aTyluk2-cJo-00421-00256008-00256552": "space where they can come and say yeah hi like i've been told that you're you're my librarian", "aTyluk2-cJo-00422-00256552-00257223": "um i'm too embarrassed to ask but like what is data science what is machine learning and how can", "aTyluk2-cJo-00423-00257223-00257919": "i get caught up because everyone else seems to be coming into college with like all this crazy", "aTyluk2-cJo-00424-00257919-00258592": "coding skill and i'm not so the freshmen i see tend to be actually from our data science programs", "aTyluk2-cJo-00425-00258648-00259471": "who are very um you know they should be starting from scratch that's the point of going to college", "aTyluk2-cJo-00426-00259536-00260000": "that's the point of getting this degree they're not expected to know that but um there's a bit", "aTyluk2-cJo-00427-00260000-00260623": "of an arms race in data science where like by the time i see them when they're juniors they're doing", "aTyluk2-cJo-00428-00260704-00261440": "neural networks stuff that i can't even remotely keep up with um and it tends to", "aTyluk2-cJo-00429-00261440-00261992": "kind of panic some of the other undergrads much less someone coming from social sciences saying", "aTyluk2-cJo-00430-00261992-00262592": "i want to learn how to use r but everything i found seems incredibly intimidating um so", "aTyluk2-cJo-00431-00262592-00263224": "that that's a niche that i think the library can fill because it's pointing to existing resources", "aTyluk2-cJo-00432-00263288-00264088": "in sort of a a non-domain way and we're okay saying i'm not an expert either but if i can", "aTyluk2-cJo-00433-00264088-00264624": "learn to do it and we can sit down and learn to do it together we can make an environment that's", "aTyluk2-cJo-00434-00264624-00265136": "i think a little less intimidating than going to the professors in like a 500 person class", "aTyluk2-cJo-00435-00265224-00265872": "not to bother you but like i've never heard of object-oriented programming and so the freshmen", "aTyluk2-cJo-00436-00265872-00266368": "that i get tend to be like you're saying the the incoming ones but they're really looking for that", "aTyluk2-cJo-00437-00266424-00266776": "extra boost because they feel like they're falling behind ironically because they all", "aTyluk2-cJo-00438-00266776-00267168": "feel like they're falling behind like every single one has impostor syndrome um but that's", "aTyluk2-cJo-00439-00267168-00267696": "where we can help provide even just directing them to like what are good tutorials online", "aTyluk2-cJo-00440-00267696-00268216": "because if you search data science tutorials there are literally millions so if i can just go through", "aTyluk2-cJo-00441-00268216-00268984": "and have a curated list of like these are legit if you go through these i promise that you'll have a", "aTyluk2-cJo-00442-00268984-00269488": "basic understanding and then our grad students are kind of like a different a different group", "aTyluk2-cJo-00443-00269728-00270432": "other questions wait i had a response so all the rhode island high school seniors", "aTyluk2-cJo-00444-00270432-00271096": "that ask about our training i refer them to northeastern no okay no we get we do get", "aTyluk2-cJo-00445-00271096-00271752": "i think it might reflect what what the students yeah we don't we don't get any inquiries about", "aTyluk2-cJo-00446-00271752-00272192": "our python training but we don't really offer a lot of that internally within the library", "aTyluk2-cJo-00447-00272192-00272848": "we do because we show off things like the ai lab on the campus tours we do get some", "aTyluk2-cJo-00448-00272848-00273616": "questions about that now kovit has kind of skewed everything but we do offer some highs some summer", "aTyluk2-cJo-00449-00273616-00274424": "camp activities in our in our alai lab but no we're we're mostly focused on graduate students", "aTyluk2-cJo-00450-00274568-00275112": "graduate student training i i believe we will be doing more sort of boot camp style training books", "aTyluk2-cJo-00451-00275112-00275560": "on graduate students and it might reflect what the most popular majors are on campus that are", "aTyluk2-cJo-00452-00275616-00276008": "not necessarily they usually have some quantitative component but it's not like", "aTyluk2-cJo-00453-00276008-00276504": "a major emphasis like departments like nursing i think nursing is the biggest nursing business", "aTyluk2-cJo-00454-00276888-00277512": "yeah we we focus mostly on grad student students as well for ours but we do get undergrads who come", "aTyluk2-cJo-00455-00277592-00278368": "to our workshops but they're mostly kind of probably not freshmen but but that said like", "aTyluk2-cJo-00456-00278368-00278808": "stephanie was saying um we're talking about the carpentry's curriculum it is geared at novices it", "aTyluk2-cJo-00457-00278808-00279416": "has been taught to high school students it's not assuming any prior knowledge so i would recommend", "aTyluk2-cJo-00458-00279416-00279992": "you could use that curriculum if you did target that audience you know and it is designed to", "aTyluk2-cJo-00459-00279992-00280472": "kind of build confidence so you go slow you're not going to throw a bunch of jargony", "aTyluk2-cJo-00460-00280472-00281048": "stuff at the students so that's really the focus you want to build confidence and if you target", "aTyluk2-cJo-00461-00281048-00281504": "high school students in the summer i think it would be an effective way to use", "aTyluk2-cJo-00462-00281712-00282280": "and that's um one collaboration that we've been really focusing on we've got", "aTyluk2-cJo-00463-00282280-00282720": "like our internal library our internal campus between different departments and even between", "aTyluk2-cJo-00464-00282720-00283224": "campuses but at least for us and i can only speak for like me as like the data services", "aTyluk2-cJo-00465-00283288-00284016": "we don't really have any close collaborations with our local community but it's something that you", "aTyluk2-cJo-00466-00284016-00284696": "know with extra capacity is an area that it would be great to be more plugged in to like our local", "aTyluk2-cJo-00467-00284696-00285336": "community and having having a pipeline um we are a land-grant you know institution to really work", "aTyluk2-cJo-00468-00285336-00285976": "with our local community and give back and and be more engaged in that collaborative nature um", "aTyluk2-cJo-00469-00285976-00286448": "so we're we're slowly spreading out right like we have multiple departments in the library we have", "aTyluk2-cJo-00470-00286448-00287080": "so many departments on campus we're stretching out across the ucs and across different institutions", "aTyluk2-cJo-00471-00287080-00287544": "and so um this actually didn't come up in any of our planning conversations but it does make me", "aTyluk2-cJo-00472-00287544-00287984": "think we don't have any currently collaborations with our local communities but it's something that", "aTyluk2-cJo-00473-00287984-00288768": "um might be somewhere that we end up going and the royal like universities if there's this interest", "aTyluk2-cJo-00474-00288768-00289352": "in high schools to like get students into some of these programs and train up data science skills", "aTyluk2-cJo-00475-00289352-00289984": "for people that are going to like stay in the community as opposed to training up students", "aTyluk2-cJo-00476-00290312-00290440": "so a question from the audience", "aTyluk2-cJo-00477-00290768-00291200": "hi i'm kurt hilligus i'm the associate cio for research computing at princeton university", "aTyluk2-cJo-00478-00291256-00291888": "um what we've been finding is um when teaching these things whether it's in course work where", "aTyluk2-cJo-00479-00291888-00292248": "professors are trying to teach it themselves or whether it's for our training programs", "aTyluk2-cJo-00480-00292304-00292800": "a huge impediment something that gets in a way and just really makes it so that the first day", "aTyluk2-cJo-00481-00292800-00293184": "or the first few days of teaching this is that getting the tools onto the laptops of", "aTyluk2-cJo-00482-00293184-00293744": "the students is a huge impediment and you know ninety percent come to class and it's ready to go", "aTyluk2-cJo-00483-00293744-00294248": "there's ten percent to take up ninety percent of that first day trying to get it get it working", "aTyluk2-cJo-00484-00294248-00294960": "we've we've moved towards and this is both for python and for r we've we've moved towards using", "aTyluk2-cJo-00485-00294960-00295608": "a virtual desktop environment which has its own its own drawbacks there's some latency issues", "aTyluk2-cJo-00486-00295608-00296056": "some people don't like the responsiveness it's confusing getting there trying to get shared files", "aTyluk2-cJo-00487-00296056-00296632": "there what what tools are are you using to to make this easier for the students to be ready for that", "aTyluk2-cJo-00488-00296632-00297208": "first day of class so that they're learning about data science and using the tools rather than how", "aTyluk2-cJo-00489-00297208-00297736": "do i get the stupid tool onto my laptop yeah i can tackle that as someone who's actively teaching", "aTyluk2-cJo-00490-00297736-00298504": "data science so one of the first things that our research computing unit did is to make it easy", "aTyluk2-cJo-00491-00298504-00299320": "to spin up our studio server instances and and jupiter hub instances so it really was it took", "aTyluk2-cJo-00492-00299392-00300352": "maybe one email and maybe an hour for me to get 30 logins to our rstudio server that's locally hosted", "aTyluk2-cJo-00493-00300352-00300872": "i mean i have used cloud-based services like rstudio.io but it's very nice to have one that's", "aTyluk2-cJo-00494-00300928-00301488": "locally hosted and so what i'm talking about here is rstudio is the common", "aTyluk2-cJo-00495-00301488-00302080": "user interface for using the r programming language you can run it on the desktop but", "aTyluk2-cJo-00496-00302080-00302744": "it has a virtually identical interface that's browser-based the only difference is that you", "aTyluk2-cJo-00497-00302744-00303336": "can't access your local file system so any sort of project that involves sort of moving files around", "aTyluk2-cJo-00498-00303336-00303976": "there's this additional step of moving things from your desktop to the to the web but most students", "aTyluk2-cJo-00499-00303976-00304504": "can figure that that really hasn't been a source of of problems so that that's i think that's", "aTyluk2-cJo-00500-00304504-00305200": "really important and i know that's one of the ways uh we already talked about this over lunch but um", "aTyluk2-cJo-00501-00305272-00305592": "back at berkeley one of the reasons they're able to have these uh", "aTyluk2-cJo-00502-00305704-00306352": "large like 1700 students taking data science at once is because they have a very robust jupiter", "aTyluk2-cJo-00503-00306352-00307320": "hub environment which means you can program in python in the web browser um and everyone in class", "aTyluk2-cJo-00504-00307320-00307888": "is using that same tool and they also have some other sort of value-added services like uh", "aTyluk2-cJo-00505-00307952-00308456": "problem graders so the instructor can create a programming problem for the students to work", "aTyluk2-cJo-00506-00308456-00308824": "within the jupiter notebook and i know we're tossing around a lot of terms and i've been", "aTyluk2-cJo-00507-00308896-00309328": "unfamiliar um you can look them up or you can you know track us down and we can talk more", "aTyluk2-cJo-00508-00309328-00309936": "about these but those two tools are tremendous time savers because as all of us who've taught", "aTyluk2-cJo-00509-00309936-00310632": "workshops know you can easily spend 45 minutes figuring out why that one student's computer will", "aTyluk2-cJo-00510-00310632-00311288": "not load a certain art package or something like that uh you know uh so at ucla we do like they our", "aTyluk2-cJo-00511-00311288-00311808": "research computing does run jupiter hub for classes so i can request it and then", "aTyluk2-cJo-00512-00311808-00312424": "have people log in just like what harrison's described there is like the caveat though i", "aTyluk2-cJo-00513-00312424-00313008": "mean researchers i think 80 90 of your work is going to be done right on this laptop thing here", "aTyluk2-cJo-00514-00313008-00313464": "um so there is a pedagogical reason why you'd say want to teach people how to use", "aTyluk2-cJo-00515-00313560-00314120": "their laptops i mean i think it may be when moving into cloud kind of computing environment maybe", "aTyluk2-cJo-00516-00314120-00314776": "less important over time if that works effectively but it's still there's worth of teaching people", "aTyluk2-cJo-00517-00314776-00315416": "how to use their own machinery i think i mean i i think there's value in that that said yes it can", "aTyluk2-cJo-00518-00315416-00315912": "blow up the whole workshop you know it could really you can go in the ditch pretty quick", "aTyluk2-cJo-00519-00316016-00316560": "i mean we've tried to have um you know like pre-installation sessions um because i i'm", "aTyluk2-cJo-00520-00316560-00317072": "actually ride or die for installing locally part of working with these platforms is you", "aTyluk2-cJo-00521-00317072-00317704": "have to know how to work with it locally so um there's a collaboration i use csd", "aTyluk2-cJo-00522-00317704-00318128": "we have our data science machine learning hub and it's essentially a jupiter hub but", "aTyluk2-cJo-00523-00318128-00318680": "it's class specific so if you enroll in a class you can use it and then once the quarter's over", "aTyluk2-cJo-00524-00318752-00319480": "too bad we have these fantastic virtual machines that the library has available for students", "aTyluk2-cJo-00525-00319560-00320224": "um that do have you know r and python installed which is great however when they graduate and", "aTyluk2-cJo-00526-00320224-00320848": "go out into the world and work with it they no longer have access and so i totally agree that it", "aTyluk2-cJo-00527-00320848-00321272": "it totally blows up a whole day of a workshop um it's fantastic to be able to", "aTyluk2-cJo-00528-00321336-00321944": "have it um i tend to be like old school like you have to be able to run it on your local machine", "aTyluk2-cJo-00529-00321944-00322536": "otherwise what's the point and so we do offer you know i have had students come in with all kinds of", "aTyluk2-cJo-00530-00322536-00323152": "like weird operating systems it's running in like a different language and i've never even heard of", "aTyluk2-cJo-00531-00323152-00323768": "it before but like it's worth that effort because then it's installed for them forever unless they", "aTyluk2-cJo-00532-00323768-00324320": "get a new laptop so we we are fortunate to have these collaborations to enable us", "aTyluk2-cJo-00533-00324320-00325088": "to offer the kind of cloud-based things um but i tend to fall on the pedagogical side of you have", "aTyluk2-cJo-00534-00325088-00325880": "to be able to have it locally um but your mileage may vary this is a like continual conversation in", "aTyluk2-cJo-00535-00325880-00326464": "the carpentry's community like because it's a global community and this is like oh do you you", "aTyluk2-cJo-00536-00326464-00327096": "know get people to teach them how to set up their own machine or do we move to kind of cloud-based", "aTyluk2-cJo-00537-00327096-00327472": "kind of environment so it's like our virtual environment i will offer a different perspective", "aTyluk2-cJo-00538-00327472-00327872": "i agree with everything that's been said i think cloud environments are really convenient for the", "aTyluk2-cJo-00539-00327872-00328296": "reasons that we're stated about trying to reduce that barrier to easy access but if you're trying", "aTyluk2-cJo-00540-00328296-00328832": "to be inclusive and including people outside of your institution we've bumped into issues where", "aTyluk2-cJo-00541-00328904-00329312": "we had people who are not duke affiliates who are with us in the class that's a standard policy for", "aTyluk2-cJo-00542-00329312-00329984": "us everyone is welcome who couldn't use the duke um virtual computing resources that we had and", "aTyluk2-cJo-00543-00329984-00330488": "so um we vary that around a little bit now and we have some instructors in the group who feel", "aTyluk2-cJo-00544-00330488-00331104": "very powerfully teaching people how to set up the installation on their laptop their own machine", "aTyluk2-cJo-00545-00331168-00331608": "is getting them ready for doing research and the class work that they're doing so", "aTyluk2-cJo-00546-00331608-00332072": "i don't think we've settled that debate completely there are a lot of different factors to consider", "aTyluk2-cJo-00547-00332360-00332656": "yeah i'm adamantly opposed to look once", "aTyluk2-cJo-00548-00332904-00333352": "she promised a controversy i'll just i'll just flat out say that we worked it out", "aTyluk2-cJo-00549-00333352-00334152": "on something else but we have we do we do we have offered we do allow with our gpu laptops", "aTyluk2-cJo-00550-00334152-00334520": "you can we use something called apache guacamole that allows you to run a", "aTyluk2-cJo-00551-00334664-00335248": "sort of like running a virtual machine it's a web interface that allows them to log into a workshop", "aTyluk2-cJo-00552-00335248-00335864": "that was something we launched during covid so um that is sort of a halfway in between type", "aTyluk2-cJo-00553-00335864-00336496": "thing that's that's kind of a workaround um but yeah i mean my experience is that a lot of local", "aTyluk2-cJo-00554-00336496-00337024": "install problems have to do with idiosyncrasies like a wide range of idiosyncrasies rather than", "aTyluk2-cJo-00555-00337024-00337824": "one sort of set of distinct skills um that you can teach and um and more often than not the problems", "aTyluk2-cJo-00556-00337824-00338296": "occur when students come with the software already installed and it's the wrong version or", "aTyluk2-cJo-00557-00338296-00338896": "they didn't install right like i mean if someone comes and wants help installing something i'd give", "aTyluk2-cJo-00558-00340176-00340528": "no maybe one or two and", "aTyluk2-cJo-00559-00341280-00342240": "yep yeah but we're trying we're making the space available and if people choose not to", "aTyluk2-cJo-00560-00342240-00342960": "take advantage of it we do have like 10 minutes at the beginning but then say like well if it's not", "aTyluk2-cJo-00561-00342960-00343352": "installed now i guess you should have really showed up or emailed and we're gonna move on", "aTyluk2-cJo-00562-00343352-00343736": "and we might do a breakout room and zoom to try to get this person up to speed or say", "aTyluk2-cJo-00563-00343800-00344128": "when it was in person it was nice because we would just say like pair up", "aTyluk2-cJo-00564-00344128-00344736": "right work with your neighbor and we will deal with your weird computer issues during", "aTyluk2-cJo-00565-00344736-00345440": "during the break um and as as people are thinking about um their next question i wanted to touch on", "aTyluk2-cJo-00566-00345440-00346000": "something that harrison just mentioned about um the importance of infrastructure collaborations", "aTyluk2-cJo-00567-00346000-00346576": "and so we talk a lot about collaborations between people and between departments and", "aTyluk2-cJo-00568-00346576-00347272": "information sharing and having support but a lot of data science and computational sciences", "aTyluk2-cJo-00569-00347272-00347872": "in the end really boils down to an infrastructure collaboration so like who's going to pay for the", "aTyluk2-cJo-00570-00347872-00348496": "gpu machines who is going to service those is it going to be library i.t is it campus", "aTyluk2-cJo-00571-00348496-00349288": "it is you know who's going to take ownership of that when it's so distributed and we have", "aTyluk2-cJo-00572-00349288-00349808": "a really complicated system that i'm not going to get into here because we have limited time", "aTyluk2-cJo-00573-00349808-00350424": "um but i think it's something that we're we're all kind of facing in terms of collaborations", "aTyluk2-cJo-00574-00350424-00350896": "and there's there's different needs and it means that there's a lot of people at the table", "aTyluk2-cJo-00575-00350896-00351480": "in terms of security and cyber infrastructure and giving people access i know that we have", "aTyluk2-cJo-00576-00351480-00352160": "about 150 people who have access to our uh library virtual machines at the moment and it's giving the", "aTyluk2-cJo-00577-00352160-00352752": "it group like heart palpitations because that's so many people um who have access to our virtual", "aTyluk2-cJo-00578-00352752-00353232": "machines even though they're all students so i don't have an answer for that but um if anyone has", "aTyluk2-cJo-00579-00353344-00354016": "other takes on infrastructure collaboration or anyone in the audience has a novel partnership", "aTyluk2-cJo-00580-00354016-00354560": "for infrastructure that tends to be something that comes up a lot so we are close to time at the", "aTyluk2-cJo-00581-00354560-00355008": "moment and so what i would like to do is encourage you if you have questions about collaborations at", "aTyluk2-cJo-00582-00355008-00355488": "any of our campuses we are more than happy to meet with you and talk this afternoon", "aTyluk2-cJo-00583-00355576-00356016": "outside of the sessions about things we've seen on our campuses if you have particular questions", "aTyluk2-cJo-00584-00356016-00356696": "about what data science looks like how we're staffing those roles and kind of where the role", "aTyluk2-cJo-00585-00356696-00357232": "of the library can be inside of the space please do pull us aside we're happy to explore that", "aTyluk2-cJo-00586-00357232-00358584": "but with this i'd like to thank the panel for a wonderful set of presentations thank you thank you", "aTyluk2-cJo-00587-00359528-00359536": "you"}}, {"audio_id": "aUGP-4pPel8", "text": {"aUGP-4pPel8-00000-00005016-00005237": "So she’s somewhere here", "aUGP-4pPel8-00001-00007179-00007479": "You have to learn a lot..", "aUGP-4pPel8-00002-00007583-00007770": "No problem I will help you with that kind of stuff", "aUGP-4pPel8-00003-00008300-00008600": "Hey wait bro..l will come with you", "aUGP-4pPel8-00004-00009629-00009770": "I was at Marthahalli.", "aUGP-4pPel8-00005-00009770-00010070": "Haven’t you heard of Marthahalli Malayalee association.", "aUGP-4pPel8-00006-00010179-00010479": "I was the arts club president of that.", "aUGP-4pPel8-00007-00011437-00011737": "Have you seen my video at Central..", "aUGP-4pPel8-00008-00011737-00012037": "with the policeman..2 million likes", "aUGP-4pPel8-00009-00012208-00012608": "Hey bro..Wait..there is another one with 3 million likes.", "aUGP-4pPel8-00010-00018395-00018695": "I had kept the money in here", "aUGP-4pPel8-00011-00019695-00020079": "How is that possible..Money disappearing from purse.", "aUGP-4pPel8-00012-00022087-00022387": "Did you see Master’s 300 dollars", "aUGP-4pPel8-00013-00022454-00022754": "come on mate..I haven’t seen even 50$ in a while", "aUGP-4pPel8-00014-00023045-00023179": "Where is Cleatus", "aUGP-4pPel8-00015-00023358-00023795": "yes..He could be the one..Get him", "aUGP-4pPel8-00016-00023795-00024095": "ok. I will call Cleatus", "aUGP-4pPel8-00017-00032087-00032558": "Hey mate..such a nice view from up here", "aUGP-4pPel8-00018-00032895-00033195": "why man..please focus", "aUGP-4pPel8-00019-00033612-00033741": "Hey Ramamswamy.", "aUGP-4pPel8-00020-00033741-00034154": "you changed your name to Sam and acting like a big shot now.", "aUGP-4pPel8-00021-00034154-00034454": "we start the job at same level, right..", "aUGP-4pPel8-00022-00034550-00034850": "When I shifted my focus a bit creative field..", "aUGP-4pPel8-00023-00034850-00035150": "you became a manager..", "aUGP-4pPel8-00024-00035229-00035529": "otherwise I would have been sitting here as your supervisor", "aUGP-4pPel8-00025-00039187-00039429": "what the heck", "aUGP-4pPel8-00026-00040187-00041437": "Yes mom..I am in office..no issues..I can talk now..", "aUGP-4pPel8-00027-00041545-00042516": "yes..I will find Mary somehow..I shall call you later", "aUGP-4pPel8-00028-00047358-00047658": "Yes..They are fine", "aUGP-4pPel8-00029-00050154-00050454": "Oh my God…", "aUGP-4pPel8-00030-00051329-00051650": "Master..money is here", "aUGP-4pPel8-00031-00051783-00051933": "It was right here..", "aUGP-4pPel8-00032-00052137-00052437": "unnecessary confusion.", "aUGP-4pPel8-00033-00052883-00053287": "Almonds are good..as you grow older, you loose your memory", "aUGP-4pPel8-00034-00053287-00053441": "you rascal", "aUGP-4pPel8-00035-00057066-00057300": "Did you had work yesterday", "aUGP-4pPel8-00036-00057300-00057754": "Now have job only 2 days a week.I am trying for another job", "aUGP-4pPel8-00037-00057804-00058104": "Have to pay Lallan’s school fees next week", "aUGP-4pPel8-00038-00058104-00058404": "Dont worry..I will organise it somehow", "aUGP-4pPel8-00039-00058537-00058837": "OK..I have to leave now..by the way , where is Lallan", "aUGP-4pPel8-00040-00058904-00059204": "Yes..he is here..Lallan..come here", "aUGP-4pPel8-00041-00059437-00059554": "Hi Dhoni.", "aUGP-4pPel8-00042-00059554-00059854": "Getting time for studies or is it cricket all the time", "aUGP-4pPel8-00043-00059854-00060050": "Chuban..your son", "aUGP-4pPel8-00044-00060050-00060466": "yes..Lallan..say hi to joy uncle", "aUGP-4pPel8-00045-00060579-00060862": "oh no..I am not that aged to be your uncle.", "aUGP-4pPel8-00046-00060862-00061045": "Just call be brother", "aUGP-4pPel8-00047-00061045-00061212": "Smart boy", "aUGP-4pPel8-00048-00061212-00061512": "Ok..I got to go now..see you later", "aUGP-4pPel8-00049-00062204-00062700": "Bro..It’s month end..please settle the accounts", "aUGP-4pPel8-00050-00062700-00063000": "Dont worry..I will do it man..", "aUGP-4pPel8-00051-00063129-00063608": "By the way..I am too tired of watching TV..Let me take a nap", "aUGP-4pPel8-00052-00066295-00066441": "Chuban…who was that", "aUGP-4pPel8-00053-00066441-00066583": "Girl from our neighbourhood", "aUGP-4pPel8-00054-00066583-00066883": "younger or elder one", "aUGP-4pPel8-00055-00066883-00067283": "Not Niranjan’s girlfriend..but the other girl", "aUGP-4pPel8-00056-00067283-00067516": "where did she go", "aUGP-4pPel8-00057-00067516-00067650": "To Puru’s room", "aUGP-4pPel8-00058-00067700-00068270": "why did you let a young girl to his room..", "aUGP-4pPel8-00059-00068350-00068504": "Oh what shall I do now.."}}, {"audio_id": "aUIBi1iSCM4", "text": {"aUIBi1iSCM4-00000-00001095-00001416": "this episode was pre-recorded as part of a live continuing", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00001-00001416-00001842": "education webinar on demand CEUs are still available for this presentation", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00002-00001842-00002412": "through all CEUs register at all CEUs.com/counselor toolbox", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00003-00002593-00003499": "I'd like to welcome everybody to today's presentation we're going to return to", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00004-00003499-00004114": "talking about vulnerabilities and this is a topic we've covered before but you know I don't seem to", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00005-00004114-00004681": "be able to say enough about it so we're gonna talk some more about it we're going to define", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00006-00004681-00005368": "what vulnerabilities are and you know I expand the definition more than what Linehan did in", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00007-00005368-00006046": "dialectical behavior therapy because I think there are a lot of other resources or vulnerabilities", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00008-00006046-00006634": "out there sorry I'm trying to read two things at once anyhow we're going to identify some of the", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00009-00006634-00007288": "most common vulnerabilities as I define them so we're gonna go beyond sleep in nutrition and we're", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00010-00007288-00008122": "gonna look at environmental vulnerabilities etc their effects and ways to present them so why do", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00011-00008122-00008698": "we care vulnerabilities are situations or things that make it more difficult to deal with life on", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00012-00008698-00009262": "life's terms leading to depression anxiety stress anger dysphoric moods you know we'll just kind of", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00013-00009262-00009898": "put it under that big ol umbrella and make it easier for you to either overreact or get stuck", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00014-00009898-00010534": "and when I say overreact you know I don't want people to take that as negatively as it sounds", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00015-00010534-00011083": "it emotionally disregulated might be a more clinical term to use but it takes people and", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00016-00011083-00011986": "instead of getting upset about it at a level of a 1 or 2 it puts them at a 6 or they start feeling", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00017-00011986-00012442": "something they get angry and they get stuck in that anger and they're just wallowing in it all", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00018-00012442-00013090": "weekend or all week so vulnerabilities are things we want to look at because most of them are really", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00019-00013090-00013693": "mitigate able if not preventable we can mitigate a lot of them I mean if you've got an infant at", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00020-00013693-00014461": "home for example you may not be able to prevent lack of sleep because it that's just the way it", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00021-00014461-00015138": "works but you can mitigate it so when you no sleep when the baby sleeps or whatever the case may be", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00022-00015138-00015888": "it works differently for different people so we can look at ways to help people minimize their", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00023-00015888-00016382": "sleep deprivation until the child is sleeping through the night and then they can you know", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00024-00016382-00017144": "not worry about it as much anymore depression occurs if people feel hopeless and helpless so", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00025-00017144-00017753": "think about it you know if you have a loss of course you may feel hopeless and helpless and", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00026-00017753-00018398": "you go through the grieving process denial anger bargaining depression and acceptance okay we can't", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00027-00018398-00019130": "prevent all losses so we know that we're going to feel depression occasionally but people who", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00028-00019130-00019682": "feel anxious all the time imagine just always waiting for that other shoe to drop imagine", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00029-00019682-00020480": "being in a position where you just couldn't relax you couldn't rest or you were angry all the time", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00030-00020480-00020927": "and everywhere you looked somebody tipped you off and you just didn't feel like there was any hope", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00031-00020927-00021569": "for things getting better you didn't have any faith in other people or the world anymore this", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00032-00021569-00022130": "is where depression starts setting in so if you think about it that way you can see how anxiety", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00033-00022130-00022688": "and depression and anger and depression kind of shake hands a lot you know it's not uncommon to", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00034-00022688-00023567": "see the two of them together anxiety and anger as I said before our representative of the fight or", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00035-00023567-00024347": "flight or fight or flight reaction so when people feel threatened then they're either going to react", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00036-00024347-00024947": "with fight or flee depending on their temperament and whether they believe that it's something that", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00037-00024947-00025553": "they can take you know to fight and they win or they need to get out of there so anxiety", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00038-00025553-00026132": "and anger happen when people feel powerless or out of control because generally that's what a", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00039-00026132-00026825": "threat means there's something that is taking away your power and making you guess what vulnerable", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00040-00026825-00027575": "why am I going through all these definitions in such great detail because it's important", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00041-00027575-00028436": "for clients to understand that mood disorders and and vulnerabilities kind of go hand in hand", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00042-00028436-00029252": "and I want them to see how being vulnerable can lead to emotional dysphoria or dysregulation", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00043-00029332-00029833": "addictive behaviors often increase when people feel a need to escape because of stress anxiety", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00044-00029833-00030676": "depression or physical pain so we want to look at that and I'm not saying everybody who uses alcohol", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00045-00030676-00031279": "or opiates or whatever when they're in pain you know emotional pain or physical pain are going", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00046-00031279-00031807": "to become addicted no you know there are lots of people who drink socially and don't have a problem", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00047-00031807-00032425": "with it there are lots of people who take opiates and you know three days or whatever and then they", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00048-00032425-00032749": "don't they have pills left over and they're like I don't know what to do with these things so", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00049-00032749-00033634": "it's important to recognize that use does not translate to addiction addiction happens when", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00050-00033634-00034279": "the brain starts getting tolerant and developed in the body starts developing a dependence on", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00051-00034279-00034975": "that drug and then when the person is not using they have difficulty feeling okay so then they", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00052-00034975-00035680": "want to use again and that's the beginning of addiction so individual vulnerabilities we're", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00053-00035680-00036016": "gonna start out with the physical ones because those these are the most obvious and sometimes", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00054-00036016-00036757": "the easiest to address and please feel free to you know chime in your two cents about interventions", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00055-00036757-00037423": "that you used to help patients deal with any of these things some of them are out of our scope", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00056-00037423-00038128": "of practice so we refer out but there are also times like with nutrition and exercise that we", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00057-00038128-00038818": "can educate patients and point them in the right direction so let's start with pain when people are", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00058-00038818-00039490": "in pain they don't sleep well generally even if they're taking opiate medication they're probably", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00059-00039490-00039991": "not getting quality sleep they may be sleeping through the night with if they take a painkiller", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00060-00039991-00040510": "before they go to bed but it's probably not quality sleep and without quality sleep the", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00061-00040510-00040996": "brain and the neurotransmitters can't rest and rebalance and do everything they need to do so", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00062-00040996-00041797": "sleep problems are going to predispose people to being more vulnerable think about a time when", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00063-00041797-00042499": "maybe you had a really bad cold and you couldn't breathe and you didn't sleep most of the night and", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00064-00042499-00043118": "you started getting rundown even when you started feeling better if you were still exhausted how did", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00065-00043118-00043799": "that affect your mood were you irritable were you more likely to be impatient with people were you", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00066-00043799-00044630": "depressed unmotivated I'm describing me I know so I don't deal well with sleep deprivation at", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00067-00044630-00045626": "all so knowing that I know that during holidays when I'm sick you know for whatever reason all", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00068-00045626-00046604": "the time sleep is really crucial to me in order to make sure that I'm kind of at my best difficulty", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00069-00046604-00047363": "concentrating happens when people are in pain if you've broken an arm or you know had a toothache", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00070-00047363-00048047": "or something or even had a migraine how hard is it to concentrate when you're in pain now think", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00071-00048047-00048656": "about the symptoms for depression sleep problems difficulty concentrating irritable mood yeah well", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00072-00048656-00049304": "pain can cause all these things so we're wanting to look at that if people are having difficulty", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00073-00049304-00050027": "concentrating how can we help them do that how can we help them deal with it while they're in pain", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00074-00050027-00050690": "pain is so important you know asleep is really important but it's important to address pain", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00075-00050690-00051260": "because it impacts sleep it impacts concentration and productivity which can make people feel", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00076-00051260-00051869": "frustrated which increases their anxiety which can increase their sense of helplessness you see", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00077-00051869-00052607": "where we're going with this pain tends to make a lot of people irritable especially if you've been", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00078-00052607-00053279": "in pain for a long time you know I can deal with most types of pain for a short period of time but", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00079-00053279-00054026": "if it's ongoing and you know I had a neck injury at one point and like six weeks and I was going to", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00080-00054026-00054545": "physical therapy and it PT seemed to make the pain worse and it was just frustrating as all get-out", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00081-00054653-00055232": "and it was keeping me from sleeping which is never a good thing so all of those things you want", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00082-00055232-00055739": "to kind of take into consideration when you're talking to clients why is it important to do a", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00083-00055739-00056253": "pain assessment if you're in a Jayco accredited facility then you're familiar with doing pain", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00084-00056253-00056784": "assessments when does the pain occur what is the quality of the pain is it stabbing shooting", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00085-00056784-00057519": "burning yada yada you know we do all these things initially well we're not going to go into", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00086-00057519-00058055": "that right now the important thing to remember is it's not just about getting medication it's about", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00087-00058055-00058725": "identifying if patients have pain and helping them draw the connection between their pain the", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00088-00058725-00059598": "effects of their pain and their mood now what can clients do for pain they can talk to their doctor", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00089-00059598-00060329": "they may if they're on opiate medications or even some like that gabapentin it may be making them so", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00090-00060329-00060992": "tired that they're having difficulty functioning and they're feeling more depressed if they're", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00091-00060992-00061653": "paying pain medications not working their doctor may need to switch them up it may not be a matter", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00092-00061653-00062204": "of increasing dose which is not really what we typically hope is going to happen we hope that", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00093-00062204-00062889": "they'll find complementary interventions there are a lot of things I was doing that research", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00094-00062889-00063723": "today acupuncture massage physical therapy there's a lot of things that physical therapy works for", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00095-00063723-00064251": "it let's think about that what causes pain you know there are things like hepatitis that cause", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00096-00064251-00064782": "pain and yeah physical therapy's not going to help with that neither is are a lot of other", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00097-00064782-00065688": "things so that may need medication but if you have back pain neck pain migraines what's causing that", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00098-00065688-00066390": "sometimes it's a muscle imbalance if a patient has scoliosis then the muscles on one side of the back", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00099-00066390-00066960": "are going to be tighter than the muscles on the other side so they may spasm if they carry their", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00100-00066960-00067590": "tension in their back and neck that can cause pain and cramping especially if they're under a", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00101-00067590-00068109": "lot of stress which can contribute to migraines so we want to find out what's causing this pain", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00102-00068109-00068793": "and where can we intervene Yoga has been shown to be really helpful especially for musculoskeletal", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00103-00068793-00069594": "things that are due to muscle imbalances and muscle tension so there are things you can do hot", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00104-00069594-00070383": "and cold packs are also really helpful TENS units transcutaneous electronic nerve stimulation sounds", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00105-00070383-00070977": "really scary but you put little electrode patches on and it just bombard the nerve with little", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00106-00070977-00071904": "impulses which kind of bizzy's it if you will so it's quit sending the pain signals so there are", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00107-00071904-00072663": "a lot of non pharmacological interventions that patients can use remembering that sometimes when", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00108-00072663-00073179": "patients are in pain their mood is really bad so we need to address it that way but sometimes the", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00109-00073179-00073950": "side effects are the pain medications make the patient depressed anxious whatever so we may", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00110-00073950-00074760": "need to deal with medication side effects so pain and pain treatment is a tricky little thing poor", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00111-00074760-00075372": "nutrition and I always say don't you know we don't want clients to necessarily feel like they've got", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00112-00075372-00075990": "to become you know nutrition nuts and if they do great but if they don't it's not the end of the", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00113-00075990-00076536": "world what we want to make sure is that they're getting a reasonable diet which if they have", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00114-00076536-00077211": "three colors on every plate at every meal probably going to get pretty close to having a reasonable", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00115-00077211-00077862": "diet and that doesn't mean three shades of white and brown so that's what I encourage them to do", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00116-00077862-00078366": "instead of getting hung up on counting number of vegetable servings and number of fruit servings", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00117-00078366-00078855": "that hope your food pyramid thing because that gets tedious for a lot of people if they can", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00118-00078855-00079542": "look at their plate and go yep there's three colors then it's a little bit easier obviously", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00119-00079542-00080052": "we're not going to make nutrition prescriptions for clients but we do want to educate them about", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00120-00080052-00080619": "why good nutrition is important good nutrition gives the body the building blocks to recover from", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00121-00080619-00081375": "injury keep them from getting sick and make their happy chemicals make those neurotransmitters some", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00122-00081375-00082062": "of your essential amino acids essential amino acids you have to get from your food so some", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00123-00082062-00082650": "of those essential amino amino acids you need in order to make neurotransmitters which means you've", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00124-00082650-00083490": "got to have a good seratonin we know is implicated with stress and anxiety management is made from", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00125-00083490-00084102": "tryptophan which is an amino acid you have to get tryptophan in your diet now the good thing", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00126-00084102-00084636": "is it's easy to get it you know it's in just about every protein out there but if clients are on like", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00127-00084636-00085296": "a really high fat low protein low carb diet they may not be getting enough chances are they are but", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00128-00085296-00086133": "it's important to make sure they're getting good sources of nutrition water dehydration", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00129-00086133-00086994": "one percent of dehydration tends to leave people feeling a little bit foggy two percent dehydration", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00130-00086994-00087531": "actually starts to impact memory so if you have somebody again thinking about the symptoms of", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00131-00087531-00088377": "depression and even anxiety irritability confusion difficulty concentrating apathy it can happen", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00132-00088377-00089130": "just with significant dehydration so encourage clients to drink water help them understand that", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00133-00089130-00089937": "just because you drink 60 ounces of water a day or 64 ounces of water a day doesn't necessarily", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00134-00089937-00090453": "mean you're getting enough because if you're also drinking a whole pot of coffee you know coffee has", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00135-00090453-00091209": "caffeine which is a Doretta --q then you need more water in your system and so they need to talk with", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00136-00091209-00091866": "their doctor and be aware of how much water they actually need you can drink too much that's the", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00137-00091866-00092385": "other thing I tell them you can drink too much and then wash out all the vitamins and stuff that your", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00138-00092385-00093036": "body needs so it's a it's a balancing act but it's common sense you know a nutritionists friend of", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00139-00093036-00093582": "mine said that you drink your 64 ounces of water that's great and then for every eight ounces of", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00140-00093582-00094167": "caffeinated beverage you drink drink another eight ounces of water which when I started doing that I", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00141-00094167-00094800": "felt like I was gonna float away but she was right that was a good you know rule to kind of think", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00142-00094800-00095547": "about oh and with three colors on your plate at each meal much to my father's chagrin condiments", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00143-00095547-00096312": "don't count he thought ketchup was a vegetable and try try to eat all our meals every few hours if", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00144-00096312-00097050": "you can't eat a big meal depending on the person any medical conditions they have that might not", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00145-00097050-00097728": "work for them but what we just want to do is make sure they're getting a variety of foods encourage", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00146-00097728-00098355": "them to keep a food food diary so they can show their physician or they can bring it in because", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00147-00098355-00098997": "if they keep a food diary even though we're not making prescriptions about what to eat they're", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00148-00098997-00099933": "going to be more cognizant of what they're eating sufficient quality sleep we want to make sure that", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00149-00099933-00100407": "people realize you know we talked about pain on the first slide well let's talk about sleep in", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00150-00100407-00100974": "general because there's lots of things that cause bad sleep drug and alcohol induced sleep is rarely", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00151-00100974-00101556": "good quality and this includes antihistamines which if you look at most of the over-the-counter", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00152-00101556-00102195": "sleep aids diphenhydramine which is benadryl is the ingredient in and over-the-counter sleep aid", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00153-00102195-00102840": "well that helps you get to sleep faster but when you look at or when scientists look at", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00154-00102840-00103629": "the actual brainwaves and the deep sleep there's less deep sleep you stay in lighter sleep when", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00155-00103629-00104241": "that antihistamine is in your system they've also started to link antihistamine with the development", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00156-00104241-00104913": "of Alzheimer's late and dementia later in life so that's another cause for concern if you're if", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00157-00104913-00105606": "somebody's taking antihistamines on a regular basis especially like diphenhydramine and the", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00158-00105606-00106470": "sedating antihistamines but anyhow back to sleep lack of sleep can produce fogginess difficulty", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00159-00106470-00107148": "concentrating irritability and overeating when we're circadian rhythms are in whack and when we", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00160-00107148-00107796": "sleep are we help our circadian rhythms get set that also sets those hormones in our brain that", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00161-00107796-00108348": "are responsible for hunger and satiation so if we're not getting enough sleep if our circadian", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00162-00108348-00109404": "rhythms are not in balance or in in rhythm then we may tend to overeat my husband was on patrol", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00163-00109404-00109981": "for Oh golly 10 12 years of his career and for a lot of it he was on midnight shift because that's", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00164-00109981-00110764": "what he loved but he would get home and he would work 7 P to 7a he'd get home in on his days off he", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00165-00110764-00111316": "wouldn't go to sleep he'd stay up so he could be with the family on his two days off and then he'd", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00166-00111316-00111964": "go back to work so his body never knew do we sleep when it's dark do we sleep when it's light and he", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00167-00111964-00112921": "always had just kind of this permanent stage of jetlag and he never really knew if he was hungry", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00168-00112921-00113614": "or not the body can't figure out when it's hungry when it's sleepy at a certain point so helping", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00169-00113614-00114364": "people understand that that it's really important for maintaining your weight for maintaining your", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00170-00114364-00114925": "immunity as well as maintaining your mood to get good sleep so encourage people to develop", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00171-00114925-00115852": "a sleep routine and up any suggestions you want to throw in here there's they have blue light filters", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00172-00115852-00116596": "that you can get for your digital devices so it won't prohibit your brain from starting to make", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00173-00116596-00117163": "melatonin if you're still playing on your iPhone and doing candy crush or Scrabble or whatever", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00174-00117163-00117877": "you do up until you go to bed but TV is also emit blue light which trick your brain and your brain", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00175-00117877-00118498": "doesn't know if it's supposed to be awake or asleep so anytime you can if you can go into", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00176-00118498-00119005": "the color settings and the TV in my bedroom I have the red color settings turned way up and the blue", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00177-00119005-00119692": "color settings turned way down to help a little bit cuz I'm bad about watching TV until late at", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00178-00119692-00120493": "night but that can help don't take a hot shower right before bath most people think hot shower", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00179-00120493-00121233": "relaxation that'll help me get sleepy the body needs to cool down in order to get sleepy now my", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00180-00121233-00121795": "house tends to be really cool so if I take a hot shower and I get out I get cold really fast so", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00181-00121795-00122515": "maybe I kind of undo that but encourage people to sleep when it's cool make sure they've got a good", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00182-00122515-00123279": "sleep environment kick the dogs out kick the cat out get rid of any allergens that you can have a", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00183-00123279-00123927": "comfortable mattress and a comfortable pillow and there are lots of articles people can find online", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00184-00123927-00124989": "on how to develop an ergonomic sleep situation so your neck is not all cranked up and you can", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00185-00124989-00125826": "actually rest more peacefully those those things can be important cut back on caffeine 12 hours", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00186-00125826-00126659": "before bed caffeine stays in your body what you drink at noon is still going to impact your sleep", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00187-00126659-00127293": "quality at midnight now after I drank caffeine well I don't drink it anymore but when I used to", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00188-00127293-00127958": "an hour or two later and I was starting to feel groggy again so it was time for another hit but", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00189-00127958-00128541": "that was just building up more and more in my body so it was harder for it to get rid of all", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00190-00128541-00129090": "the stimulant effects so I could get to sleep and I go to sleep usually around 8:00 get up", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00191-00129090-00129714": "around 4:00 so when I went to bed at 8:00 the stuff that the caffeine that I had had at 3:00", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00192-00129714-00130518": "was still full bore in my system so try to cut back on caffeine 12 hours before your bedtime but", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00193-00130518-00131160": "definitely six hours before bedtime cutting back on caffeine can cause headaches irritability a", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00194-00131160-00132033": "whole bunch of other stuff again advise clients to do it mindfully talk with their doctor yada-yada", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00195-00132033-00132828": "but you know weaned down is generally if it's not clinically contraindicated what a lot of clients", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00196-00132828-00133395": "prefer to do so they go to three-quarters caffeine for a month and then half caf for a month and then", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00197-00133395-00134094": "you know so on and so forth I drink decaf like it's going out of style but I don't drink caffeine", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00198-00134094-00134904": "anymore so I still have that you know drink that I like but I'm not suffering develop a sleep routine", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00199-00134904-00135786": "same three things each night you go to bed or you get home you eat dinner then you do something", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00200-00135786-00136264": "whatever it is you do and then you do something else whatever it is you do and then you go to", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00201-00136264-00136870": "sleep that set your brain up just like you used to do with your children they'd come home from", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00202-00136870-00137653": "school play eat dinner take a bath read a story go to bed their brain kind of knew what to expect and", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00203-00137653-00138196": "as soon as they came home and ate dinner the brain would start going okay we're gonna be going into", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00204-00138196-00138925": "that melatonin zone pretty soon it helps us even if you don't go to sleep at exactly the same time", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00205-00138925-00139507": "each night if you can go to sleep close to the same time and definitely do those three things", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00206-00139507-00140227": "so don't make them super involved for me I come home I make dinner we put all the animals up I", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00207-00140227-00140824": "live on a farm so we got to put everybody to bed I come home I play Scrabble and then I go to sleep", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00208-00140824-00141367": "and as soon as I start playing Scrabble I can feel myself kind of nodding off so those are things to", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00209-00141367-00142093": "be aware of and help clients figure out what can they do that fits in with their lifestyle I don't", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00210-00142093-00142660": "want to try to have them upset the applecart what can you do that's easy to integrate into", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00211-00142660-00143644": "your lifestyle with sleep you can also have them keep a sleep journal and note how they feel in", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00212-00143644-00144181": "the morning when they wake up and then throughout the day on days they think they slept well versus", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00213-00144181-00144877": "not well with the new sleep trackers on a lot of our fitness devices they are not really accurate", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00214-00144877-00145663": "basically they measure tossing and turning versus not tossing and turning not so much deep and light", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00215-00145663-00146344": "sleep but it does give you an idea about how much you tossed and turned all night long when you look", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00216-00146344-00147076": "at the sleep trackers to figure out you know I was asleep for nine hours but was it restful", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00217-00147076-00147742": "sleep and have them compare how they feel on days when they had restful sleep versus days that they", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00218-00147742-00148549": "didn't have restful sleep okay illness is another vulnerability I'm not pleasant to be around when", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00219-00148549-00149320": "I'm sick my son is even more unpleasant when you can't breathe or you have something you", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00220-00149320-00149905": "know you're not or whatever it is your sleep gets disrupted so we're back to that whole sleep thing", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00221-00149905-00150550": "again you feel exhausted your body is trying to help you recoup so you're not gonna have that", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00222-00150550-00151171": "get up and go to go to the office and you know work on three different projects you may have", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00223-00151171-00151834": "a foggy head difficulty concentrating either from like a sinus infection from lack of sleep or side", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00224-00151834-00152863": "effects of the medication I know for me whenever I take sudafed I'm loopy as can be so knowing how", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00225-00152863-00153544": "you medication affects you you can't necessarily prevent getting sick but make sure that you have", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00226-00153544-00154012": "you know do your best to prevent it none of us wants to get sick but make sure clients have", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00227-00154012-00154765": "ways to mitigate this stuff so they don't get as frustrated when they are experiencing illness and", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00228-00154765-00155404": "so that they're aware they draw the connection again between okay when I am sick or when I'm", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00229-00155404-00156031": "not feeling well or when my allergies are acting up this is how I tend to feel and you know I'm", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00230-00156031-00156550": "not on my a-game or I tend to be more irritable and impatient with people so maybe that's not the", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00231-00156550-00157351": "time to be volunteering for the PTA or whatever so helping them make those connections is the", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00232-00157351-00157870": "big thing with vulnerabilities and then figuring out ways that you can minimize the time you're", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00233-00157870-00158629": "sick and when you are sick how can you make the best out of it you know interventions compassion", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00234-00158629-00159241": "have compassion for yourself instead of saying I need to get up and push through it sometimes", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00235-00159241-00159979": "you just need to sit your happy little butt in bed and watch TV and you know drink chicken soup", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00236-00159979-00160768": "or whatever you do let your body have a chance to recoup you also want to have compassion for", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00237-00160768-00161440": "other people when you're sick number one if you tend to be irritable it's not going to do well", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00238-00161440-00161962": "for your relationships if you walk in and you're like snotting all over the place and then you're", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00239-00161962-00162529": "also being snotty nobody's gonna want to really be around you but you also don't want to get them", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00240-00162529-00163096": "sick so be kind to others and you know part of being kind to others not only is not getting", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00241-00163096-00163717": "them sick but also not being around them or forcing them to be around you when you're in", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00242-00163717-00164602": "a really crappy mood good nutrition can help keep illness away we know if we keep our body", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00243-00164602-00165154": "you know charged with the vitamins it needs the B vitamins and the D vitamins and all that stuff", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00244-00165154-00166183": "it does help stave off illnesses wash hands a lot helping people especially during this flu", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00245-00166183-00166987": "season making sure my kids understand how viruses and stuff are transmitted and all that sort of", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00246-00166987-00167515": "stuff has been really important but help people realize where do you get some of these things", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00247-00167515-00168220": "from and there are articles that show that our cell phones are actually have more germs on them", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00248-00168220-00168964": "for a lot of people than toilet seats and I'm like okay really that's disgusting so I'm like", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00249-00168964-00169537": "disinfecting my phone constantly now but those are things that they can think about in order to", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00250-00169537-00170236": "prevent vulnerabilities some people have a lower immune system than other people I tend to have a", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00251-00170236-00170842": "really strong one because I've got kids at home and you know kids are little germ factories but", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00252-00170842-00171445": "you know my mother for example is not nearly as immune to the stuff as tough as she used to", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00253-00171445-00172090": "be because she's not around children and she's she's around other people who aren't around a", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00254-00172090-00172789": "lot of children and mutant buggabugga z' as we call him in our household so I'm aware of that", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00255-00172789-00173572": "and I am cognizant of that fact and she is too so she doesn't put herself in situations like if", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00256-00173572-00174091": "we're getting over a cold she doesn't like say oh hey I'll come down and help she's like oh", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00257-00174091-00174952": "give me a call when you get better okay so brain changes brain changes can be hereditary they can", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00258-00174952-00175444": "be from an accident or they can be the result of addictive behaviors but anything that makes your", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00259-00175444-00176400": "brain not optimally functioning if you will can predispose you to depression anxiety addiction you", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00260-00176400-00177138": "know we know that for a lot of people with mood disorders and other disorders there's a organic", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00261-00177138-00177951": "component to it there is a brain change there's a brain issue in there so we want to make sure that", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00262-00177951-00178473": "people are aware of this changes in the structure of the brain have all kinds of effects including", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00263-00178473-00179238": "memory concentration and mood helping people recognize what causes these brain changes if", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00264-00179238-00179895": "they've had an accident or if they've you know even if they've had some sort of trauma that is", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00265-00179895-00180447": "going to cause some at least temporary changes in their brain structure they've shown in soldiers", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00266-00180447-00181461": "that sometimes trauma can cause permanent changes in brain structure similar to concussive brain", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00267-00181461-00182229": "injury being aware of this being aware that brain changes can happen we want to prevent it when at", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00268-00182229-00182916": "all possible so preventing addiction preventing accidents but if people do have that helping them", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00269-00182916-00183483": "understand that okay you know you entered this part of your brain so your impulse control may", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00270-00183483-00184053": "not be where it used to be so let's talk about how to deal with that so it doesn't cause you further", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00271-00184053-00184662": "problems for a lot of people brain changes is a matter of keeping their neuro chemicals", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00272-00184662-00185532": "at optimal levels which also means taking good care of themselves getting a good diet getting", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00273-00185532-00186405": "enough sleep and taking medication as they need to to help stabilize those neuro chemical levels", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00274-00186778-00187345": "emotional vulnerabilities you wake up in the morning and what it for whatever reason you", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00275-00187345-00187810": "get up on the wrong side of the bed and you are just a big old cranky pants so think about", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00276-00187810-00188395": "that how is that going to impact the rest of your day it especially if you don't get it in", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00277-00188395-00189085": "check but when people are angry then if they're already starting at like level three on anger and", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00278-00189085-00189742": "something happens that normally would have only mildly irritated them they're already at a level", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00279-00189742-00190327": "three so whatever that is is going to take them up to a level four or level five so they're going to", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00280-00190327-00190954": "be more likely to be overly angry they're more going to be more likely to act more react more", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00281-00190954-00191608": "strongly to something than they probably normally would have if they're already starting out angry", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00282-00191608-00192331": "same thing with anxiety when people have a lot of anxiety they tend to be more irritable thank", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00283-00192331-00193180": "fight-or-flight you have a person who is already feeling threatened for whatever reason who is", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00284-00193180-00193729": "already feeling anxious for whatever reason and then something else comes along and it's going", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00285-00193729-00194293": "to intensify that fight-or-flight reaction so they may be irritable they may push other stuff", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00286-00194293-00195121": "away I can't deal with one more thing depression people who are depressed have more difficulty", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00287-00195121-00195784": "dealing with life on life's terms so again we want to ask clients when you are feeling this", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00288-00195784-00196684": "way what can you do to help yourself improve the next moment and prevent yourself from encountering", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00289-00196684-00197422": "things that are going to make it worse when I am under stress at work for some reason normally I", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00290-00197422-00198016": "have my door open unless I'm recording and people can come in and you know whatever I'm happy for", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00291-00198016-00198469": "people to stop by and say hi same thing when I worked at the treatment center but on days", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00292-00198469-00199237": "where I was feeling irritable or stressed out for some reason I knew that my patients views", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00293-00199237-00200002": "was about this long so I would close the door and everybody was respectful of the factor that when", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00294-00200002-00200581": "my door was closed you really probably only wanted to knock on it if you absolutely needed something", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00295-00200581-00201277": "because there was probably a reason my door was closed which there was so that's one of the ways", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00296-00201277-00201976": "I mitigated my vulnerabilities when I'm anxious when I'm stressed in order to prevent me from", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00297-00201976-00202888": "being rude to somebody or making a rash decision I keep my door closed so then you know I'm not", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00298-00202888-00203449": "getting interrupted and it doesn't bother me as much when you're grieving when you're feeling", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00299-00203449-00203992": "guilty when you're feeling jealous resentful any of these things can make you more likely", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00300-00203992-00204844": "to react more strongly to adversity that happens and adversity we want to really think about this", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00301-00204844-00205642": "there's adversity like your boss comes in and write you up for something that's unpleasant but", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00302-00205642-00206404": "then there's also adversity in terms of being in a situation that is counter to your temperament and", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00303-00206404-00207094": "thinking about the Keirsey temperament sorter or the the myers-briggs I tend to be like pegged out", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00304-00207094-00208017": "on the Jay I love my structure and I don't deal well with interruptions or alterations to my day", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00305-00208017-00208750": "I can handle interruptions if I'm planning for them but if I'm in a situation where I", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00306-00208750-00209458": "am stressed and I have a lot of interruptions or things get changed at the last minute it's", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00307-00209458-00210283": "much harder for me to deal with it then times when I have more energy and I've got I'm not", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00308-00210283-00210916": "trying to deal with six other things so helping clients recognize that when they are feeling less", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00309-00210916-00211548": "than on their a-game trying to keep their environment and trying to keep their day", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00310-00211757-00212369": "flowing in a way that is conducive to their personality and temperament is going to be", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00311-00212369-00212903": "really important you know extroverts tend to talk things out while they're thinking", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00312-00212903-00213566": "and draw energy from being around other people so extroverts may want to go out", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00313-00213566-00214217": "to lunch with a friend whereas an introvert is going to be even more exhausted by having to", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00314-00214217-00214819": "be on socially when they're already dealing with whatever is bothering them so they may need some", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00315-00214819-00215494": "time to just sit out in the park and feed the pigeons or whatever they do encouraging people", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00316-00215494-00216302": "to know what it is that they need when they're feeling dysphoric to at least not make it worse", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00317-00216302-00216983": "when people are having negative emotions it keeps the brain in that fight-or-flight", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00318-00216983-00217865": "phase which takes energy I mean your brain is constantly surveilling for anything that might", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00319-00217865-00218303": "happen that could potentially be another threat you know you're already dealing with this threat", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00320-00218303-00218842": "here so it's saying alright you deal with that and I'll keep a lookout for all the rest of the", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00321-00218842-00219581": "stuff well that's exhausting and it also keeps you from being able to wind down it keeps you", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00322-00219581-00220055": "from being able to get that quality sleep if you're constantly stressed or amped up", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00323-00220273-00221098": "it can prevent your calming neurotransmitters your gaba and your serotonin from being excreted", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00324-00221098-00221617": "if you're on alert then your body's not going to say hey let's give you some chillax kind of", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00325-00221617-00222362": "neurotransmitters it's gonna say we need to keep the nor norepinephrine and going so we have more", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00326-00222362-00223148": "focus and more alertness and we can keep an eye on everything that's going on the glutamate all", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00327-00223148-00223781": "those things are going to be up your excitatory neurotransmitters so when people are having", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00328-00223781-00224446": "negative emotions have them develop a list that they keep with them of five things they can do to", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00329-00224446-00225119": "deal with those negative emotions sometimes you can't fix them you know with when you're angry", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00330-00225119-00225710": "sometimes there's nothing you can do about it so what distress tolerance skills can the person", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00331-00225710-00226367": "use insert positive and rewarding experiences I'm working with a client right now who's just", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00332-00226367-00227173": "going through some devastating stuff and I asked her when was the last time that you can remember", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00333-00227173-00228067": "laughing and she couldn't and I was like okay so here's what we're gonna do this week you know", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00334-00228067-00228716": "you're gonna start trying to find something that you can do that can help you feel a little bit", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00335-00228716-00229304": "happier at least for an hour and I gave her some movie recommendations that she might be able to", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00336-00229304-00230153": "watch with her family that may not do it for her but encouraging people to do things that make them", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00337-00230153-00230654": "happy because if they're happy you know if they start laughing if that's triggered their body", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00338-00230654-00231494": "is going to be releasing endorphins dopamine and more of their relaxing either gaba or serotonin so", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00339-00231494-00232115": "that's what we want so we can artificially kind of force it to happen just like you can artificially", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00340-00232115-00233051": "force somebody to excrete stress hormones by scaring them you can artificially cause yourself", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00341-00233051-00233902": "to start secreting some happy harm by doing things that typically make you happy and you know what", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00342-00233902-00234502": "you would normally feel is probably like a 10 and what you're going to feel when you're kind", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00343-00234502-00234967": "of forcing yourself to do it may only raise to the level of a six but that's still a whole lot", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00344-00234967-00235660": "better than feeling like you're in a one encourage people to get plenty of rest eat a healthy diet", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00345-00235660-00236509": "and exercise exercise helps get rid of well it helps increase serotonin levels which reduces", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00346-00236509-00237163": "anxiety and reduces depression both of those are really awesome exercise also helps people", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00347-00237163-00237846": "take some of that pent-up nervous energy anxiety anger and move that energy out so the body has", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00348-00237846-00238600": "adrenaline circulating and cortisol circulating in it and it's going well what do I do with all", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00349-00238600-00239233": "this energy well exercise can help them sort of diffuse some of that which can help them relax", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00350-00239233-00239875": "it can also help release muscle tension that may be keeping them from sleeping so there's a lot of", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00351-00239875-00240637": "benefits to exercise it doesn't have to be super intense you know dripping sweat exercise it can", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00352-00240637-00241387": "be walking or walking the dog around the block but any exercise for about thirty minutes is going to", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00353-00241387-00242200": "help raise serotonin levels and help people feel a little bit better attributional Styles can also be", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00354-00242200-00242967": "vulnerabilities and sometimes I mean we have our typical attributional style and hopefully it's a", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00355-00242967-00243463": "positive one but sometimes something can happen or you can get up on the wrong side of the bed", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00356-00243463-00244141": "and you can be in that mood and we all know what that mood is where everything is always negative", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00357-00244141-00244666": "and you see the worst in everything and you expect the worst and everything and it's just", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00358-00244666-00245701": "you're seeing the glass is half-empty and you're seeing it as a partly cloudy day instead of partly", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00359-00245701-00246267": "sunny I mean everything has been negative side all right well when everything is always it adds", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00360-00246267-00246855": "stress and when you're looking through the day and all you're seeing is negative that day is probably", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00361-00246855-00247503": "going to be impactful on on your mood and how you react and your how you act interact with other", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00362-00247503-00248442": "people and your desire to interact with other people when you have an internal attributional", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00363-00248442-00249003": "style when you're assuming that anything that happens is a reflection on me as a person then", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00364-00249003-00249576": "that's also going to add extra stress so helping people recognize you know sometimes when we are in", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00365-00249576-00250440": "a bad mood we can be more sensitive and to other people's moods and stuff and sometimes take things", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00366-00250440-00251214": "a little bit more personally and you can speculate about all the reasons that people do that and and", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00367-00251214-00251942": "you know there are a lot of theories that and it depends on the person but regardless if somebody", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00368-00251942-00252480": "is taking everything personally and carrying the weight of the world on their shoulders it's going", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00369-00252480-00253067": "to carry extra stress so encourage clients to focus on things as being specific and alterable", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00370-00253067-00253866": "you know looking outside today it's raining again and I could be negative about that feeling like", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00371-00253866-00254490": "it has been raining forever and it's never going to stop well that's kind of doomsaying might as", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00372-00254490-00255144": "well build an ark but in reality it's been raining for a couple of days and supposed to stop tomorrow", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00373-00255144-00256140": "so focusing on it as being this has been a really bad week for the weather or this has been a really", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00374-00256140-00256833": "bad week at work instead of my job really sucks all right maybe it was a bad week so let's let's", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00375-00256833-00257577": "look at the big picture and try to make whatever is bad specific and so you can figure out number", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00376-00257577-00258285": "one how to avoid it in the future but number two how to fix it because specific and alterable what", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00377-00258285-00259002": "parts of this can you fix normally I don't turn all the lights on in the office I mean like in", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00378-00259002-00259440": "the hallway and everything else because it wastes electricity but on days when is this dark outside", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00379-00259440-00260027": "oh yeah I turned on all the lights to make it as bright and cheery as possible so that's how", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00380-00260027-00260576": "I alter you know I can't control the weather but that's how I alter my environment to be more", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00381-00260576-00261779": "cheerful and and explore the difference between what makes you a good person versus your skills", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00382-00261779-00262691": "so if somebody's in a bad mood and you know something bad happens they get written up at", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00383-00262691-00263651": "work and they say I'm a failure all right well you failed to get do your job get your reports in on", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00384-00263651-00264311": "time and you got written up that is unfortunate that stinks however does that mean that you as", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00385-00264311-00264896": "a human being are a failure or does that mean you failed at accomplishing this particular task", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00386-00264896-00265634": "so encouraging clients again to take negative stuff and make it specific identify what they", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00387-00265634-00266495": "can change and of the stuff they can't change how are they gonna deal with it extremely internal or", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00388-00266495-00267179": "external locus of control can add extra distress if you think that destiny controls everything", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00389-00267179-00267746": "and you've got no chance of changing anything that's stressful especially when bad things are", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00390-00267746-00268175": "happening you're like I just got to have to sit here and take it because nothing I do is going to", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00391-00268175-00268811": "help very disempowering on the other hand if you have an extremely internal locus of control then", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00392-00268811-00269399": "you think you should be able to change absolutely everything that means you can control other people", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00393-00269399-00269966": "you can control the weather you can and when they don't behave the way you want them to then it", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00394-00269966-00270779": "makes you angry well neither one is really healthy or realistic so helping clients look at the middle", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00395-00270779-00271388": "but helping them recognize when they're in that mindset that they're feeling extremely powerless", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00396-00271388-00272057": "or they're in that mindset that they're trying to control everything can help them recognize all", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00397-00272057-00272840": "right I need to change my way of thinking or I'm gonna set myself up for increasing my own distress", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00398-00273191-00273992": "low self-esteem is another vulnerability and again this isn't necessarily perpetual people don't have", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00399-00273992-00274448": "necessarily have low self-esteem from the time they're born you know sometimes something happens", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00400-00274448-00275240": "and somebody's self-esteem takes a nosedive they lose a job they get divorced something happens but", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00401-00275240-00275975": "when your self-esteem is low it can predispose you to being more vulnerable to depression anxiety and", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00402-00275975-00276788": "stress low self-esteem can cause people to feel helpless or not deserving of love or success so", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00403-00276788-00277229": "those are things we can work on with people and counseling but we do want to help them see the", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00404-00277229-00277889": "connection between how they feel about themselves and how they feel explore what characteristics the", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00405-00277889-00278654": "client thinks he or she should have but don't and decide if they're important you know I would love", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00406-00278654-00279323": "to be much better at math but it's not important enough for me to really work at it you know I I", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00407-00279323-00280037": "let my husband do all the math with the kids and that's okay so it's not important to me to work", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00408-00280037-00280655": "on that thing so I mark that off you know as far as how I feel about myself yeah I struggle with", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00409-00280655-00281372": "math I can muddle my way through and that's about it but that's okay I don't feel like I'm you know", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00410-00281372-00282224": "any less good of a person because that's not a good strong skill for me if you decide that", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00411-00282224-00282749": "it's important you know it's something that you really need like I would like to be compassionate", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00412-00282749-00283472": "but I'm not well how can you work on developing compassion then so encouraging people to look at", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00413-00283472-00284135": "their self-esteem identify who it is they really want to be and start making steps towards that", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00414-00284135-00284882": "negative perceptions in cognitive style if they see the world as a negative depressing", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00415-00284882-00285716": "out-of-control or scary place it makes everything seem negative and and makes people not want to", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00416-00285716-00286631": "take chances people who've been through trauma can sometimes get stuck in this area where they're", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00417-00286631-00287609": "experiencing life in terms of avoidance of threat instead of you know life is good and threats gonna", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00418-00287609-00288092": "happen I'll have to deal with it they live their life each day just trying to protect themselves", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00419-00288092-00288902": "when people see everything is negative and not rewarding they don't want to do anything so if", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00420-00288902-00289466": "they get a promotion and instead of seeing it as oh that's wonderful I'm gonna get so much", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00421-00289466-00289952": "more money every month and I've got a little more responsibility and that shows people's confidence", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00422-00289952-00290600": "in me instead they see it as Lord now I've got more responsibilities and I'm gonna end up you", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00423-00290600-00291212": "know having to deal with more headaches and I'm you know where we go from this I'm have", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00424-00291212-00291887": "a difficult time being negative but you can see where people might not want to get a promotion if", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00425-00291887-00292565": "they see all the negatives to something using decisional balance exercises can always help", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00426-00292565-00293177": "people see the positive but helping them see a balanced view encourage them to look for the", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00427-00293177-00293870": "silver lining when they start to see something as negative find the positive you know maybe somebody", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00428-00293870-00294515": "broke up from a relationship well yeah that's devastating however it gives them the opportunity", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00429-00294515-00294989": "to find somebody who's a better fit that's not what they're gonna want to hear right then but", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00430-00294989-00295622": "hopefully we can help nudge them in that direction and encourage them to look for exceptions if they", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00431-00295622-00296243": "say everything is you know the world is against me everything is horrible you know what in your", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00432-00296243-00296873": "life is going good right now this one thing work or your relationship or your health you know there", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00433-00296873-00297452": "may be this one thing that's going really poorly but are there other things in your life that are", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00434-00297452-00298253": "going pretty positively poor organization and time management can also make people vulnerable", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00435-00298253-00298823": "we've all been there where we've had too many things to do hopefully we haven't double-booked", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00436-00298823-00299429": "ourselves but we feel like we're being pulled in 16 different directions I don't know about", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00437-00299429-00300206": "you but I know for me when I feel that way I tend to again be more irritable impatient react more", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00438-00300206-00300788": "strongly and when think bad things happen I tend to feel more powerless because I'm just like I", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00439-00300788-00301658": "can't do one more thing I give up so we want to help people work on organization and time", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00440-00301658-00302336": "management poor time management can lead to people feeling over committed feeling rushed or harried", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00441-00302336-00303224": "or cause them to forget to do things which leads to conflict which also increases negative moods", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00442-00303224-00304052": "preventing vulnerabilities I mean if we're helping people create a recovery lifestyle", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00443-00304052-00304868": "that manages to set the groundwork for giving them as much energy and happiness as possible", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00444-00304868-00305546": "yeah stuffs gonna happen but we want them to be as well prepared and have as much reserved", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00445-00305546-00306185": "energy and extra that they can use in a crisis as possible so this is why we're talking about", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00446-00306185-00307079": "pain management sleep nutrition time management all those things in order to help people be", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00447-00307303-00308098": "at their very best poor communication skills can be a vulnerability it can impede you from", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00448-00308098-00308704": "stating your needs may cause misunderstandings or can hurt your relationships and you may have", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00449-00308704-00309196": "really good communication skills with some people but then not be able to communicate", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00450-00309196-00309694": "effectively with your boss or your spouse and that can make you more vulnerable to", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00451-00309694-00310213": "feeling like nobody's hearing you it can make you more vulnerable to getting impatient and", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00452-00310213-00310756": "angry because you're not getting your point across so helping clients develop", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00453-00310756-00311548": "communication skills weak emotional boundaries may leave people feeling", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00454-00311548-00312325": "overburdened because they're taking on everybody else's bad mood if they walk in a lot of times", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00455-00312325-00312856": "this happens in addicted families but sometimes in families where they've got someone with a", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00456-00312856-00313516": "severe and persistent mental illness the person it may not have been safe to be happy if they were", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00457-00313516-00314023": "happy they had to check in with the identified patient so to speak to see how are they doing", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00458-00314023-00314614": "today because that tells me what I can do and they're walking around on eggshells so we want", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00459-00314614-00315265": "to help people examine times when it's safe for them to feel how they feel and when they don't", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00460-00315265-00315913": "feel safe what's going on because we want them to be able to develop emotional boundaries so", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00461-00315913-00316672": "they can be in situations and always feel safe to get their needs met we want them to start in", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00462-00316672-00317290": "paying attention to their wants needs and feelings instead of just deferring and going whatever makes", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00463-00317290-00317839": "the least waves I'll do it because then they're not getting their needs met and eventually they're", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00464-00317839-00318673": "going to feel potentially feel resentful hopeless and helpless when people need external validation", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00465-00318673-00319291": "and sometimes we need it you know sometimes you're having a really bad moment and you need somebody", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00466-00319291-00320032": "to go you know what you're awesome and you're just like oh thank you I needed to hear that today but", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00467-00320032-00320635": "that need for external validation can make people feel more vulnerable if they're feeling down if", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00468-00320635-00321399": "they're feeling bad about themselves or maybe they turned in a project and their boss didn't like it", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00469-00321399-00322107": "and sent it back and say this is awful redo it and they're feeling down a word of encouragement can", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00470-00322107-00322806": "help but it can also mean that they're feeling helpless they're feeling inadequate and they're", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00471-00322806-00323367": "feeling may feel a little bit depressed so this is when they may need a little external validation", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00472-00323367-00324057": "so help clients number one be able to give it to themself and take a timeout and go alright", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00473-00324057-00324615": "why am i okay I'm okay as a person this other thing over here I didn't do so well but I'll", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00474-00324615-00325290": "get better at it and look at why you need other people to validate you and kind of work on that", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00475-00325290-00325896": "if you feel like you need other people to tell you you're okay a lot then you're probably going to be", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00476-00325896-00326649": "a lot more emotional if you're not getting that's validation and security you're gonna feel anxious", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00477-00326649-00327345": "if you feel anxious and you're gonna be more likely to emotionally disregulated look for that", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00478-00327345-00328218": "and to have people in their circle who do provide emotional support I mean we're not saying somebody", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00479-00328218-00328650": "that's always there going you know what you're good enough you're smart enough and gosh darn it", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00480-00328650-00329292": "I like you but and that comes from Saturday Night Live for those of you who are way too young to", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00481-00329292-00330072": "remember it but anyway B we do want to have those people in our life we don't want to have to have", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00482-00330072-00330912": "them telling us that all the time but you know every once in a blue moon it doesn't hurt to let", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00483-00330912-00331683": "them know so these are all things that we need to consider when we're helping patients gather", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00484-00331683-00332352": "their resources and think about getting ready to go out for battle if you will you know the", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00485-00332352-00333213": "military trains and they do practice drills well in counseling we do role-playing which is kind of", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00486-00333213-00333801": "like practice drills the military identifies any potential obstacles barriers or things that they", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00487-00333801-00334413": "may encounter well we try to do that counseling too we say what is it that you may encounter that", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00488-00334413-00334794": "you're going to have to overcome and let's work on some coping skills and strategies to", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00489-00334794-00335562": "deal with that but the military also wants their there's troops to be healthy well-fed and if you", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00490-00335562-00336345": "can consider an MRE well-fed but they want their troops to be at a hundred percent in order to be", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00491-00336345-00336924": "able to go out there and be effective and that's what vulnerability prevention is all about we", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00492-00336924-00337497": "want our clients to be able to figure out how to make themself a hundred percent so they're", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00493-00337497-00338010": "ready to go out and take on the battlefield of life and they've got the energy the resources", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00494-00338010-00338754": "the concentration everything they need and so if something happens not saying it will but if", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00495-00338754-00339624": "something happens they have the resources to deal with it so think about just for you and and we've", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00496-00339624-00340311": "talked a lot about clients and but think about for you what vulnerabilities did you have in the", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00497-00340311-00341040": "last week and what impact did that have on you because clients aren't going to be motivated to", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00498-00341040-00341745": "work on this stuff work on sleep or nutrition unless they can see a direct benefit to them", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00499-00341745-00342465": "you know why is it that I keep harping on good nutrition or getting enough sunlight well this", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00500-00342465-00343014": "is why this is how it connects to your mood this is how it connects you know you said to have a", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00501-00343014-00343488": "rich and meaningful life you wanted to have a good relationship with your spouse you wanted to have", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00502-00343488-00344154": "a good relationship with your kids you wanted to have a good job and good relationships with your", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00503-00344154-00344862": "peers and whatever else and that wouldn't help you have a rich and meaningful life which would help", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00504-00344862-00345708": "you be happy okay that's great however you know if you are a grump if you are anxious and angry", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00505-00345708-00346185": "all the time it's going to be difficult to have those good relationships so what do we need to", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00506-00346185-00346830": "do to help you not have that emotional dysphoria well let's look at some of the things that might", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00507-00346830-00347505": "cause it unless what let's look at some of the things that might make it work and figure out", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00508-00347505-00348099": "how we can eliminate those things so you can have those healthy fulfilling relationships and that", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00509-00348099-00349074": "awesome career and whatever else so encouraging clients to buy into it asking them you know if you", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00510-00349074-00349686": "would have had this new information what could you have done differently so if they look back and go", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00511-00349686-00350226": "you know what I did get up on the wrong side of the bed that morning and if I would have really", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00512-00350226-00350709": "thought about it I could have done something to help myself get into a better headspace before", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00513-00350709-00351306": "I went into my meeting with my boss okay cool well you didn't do it then but you can do it", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00514-00351306-00352095": "the next time so encouraging them to look at how does mindfulness and self awareness of their own", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00515-00352095-00352905": "vulnerabilities how can that be used to help them again not get depressed or anxious but if they are", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00516-00352905-00353871": "in a bad mind space not make things worse and if they would have you know checked their mind", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00517-00353871-00354366": "space before they went into the meeting with their boss how would that have changed the outcome you", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00518-00354366-00355059": "know would it have gone a little bit more smoothly or not and then encourage clients to think about", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00519-00355059-00355554": "how they can start integrating this knowledge into their routine and I typically break the", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00520-00355554-00356106": "vulnerabilities group up into four different groups we do nutrition one one day sleep one", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00521-00356106-00356817": "day you know and specific things so it's easier to kind of chunk and then we talk about small changes", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00522-00356817-00357639": "for example with nutrition encouraging them to start trying to get three colors on their plate", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00523-00357639-00358380": "every day that's one thing that they may be able to consider doing when we talk about sleep you", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00524-00358380-00358890": "know I don't give them that whole litany of stuff and go ok now go home and change everything you", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00525-00358890-00359409": "know I say start out by developing a sleep routine let's talk about what that's gonna look like for", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00526-00359409-00360078": "you try it for a week and then let's talk about it after they have a sleep routine then we talked", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00527-00360078-00360703": "about maybe putting on the the blue light filters on their electronic devices if they need a little", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00528-00360703-00361483": "more help so gradual changes they're going to be a lot more enduring than trying to change everything", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00529-00361483-00362392": "all at once and it's also a lot easier for clients to integrate stuff into their routine think about", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00530-00362392-00363232": "when you do counseling if you've done counseling this way for 20 years or even for two years you", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00531-00363232-00363925": "have a rhythm you know what your responses are and then you go to a workshop and you learn all", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00532-00363925-00364447": "these new tools and you're like all those are so awesome and you go back to your office and", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00533-00364447-00365095": "you start doing counseling and for a lot of us we don't use those new tools because we have", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00534-00365095-00365692": "all these new tools but we haven't thought about how to integrate them into our practice so what I", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00535-00365692-00366325": "suggest and and what works for me at least is when I go to a conference or something and I", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00536-00366325-00367093": "learn a new tool I pick one tool that I learned and I try to focus on using that with clients", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00537-00367093-00367867": "and you know with my family and any other way I can use it for two weeks and then once I've in", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00538-00367867-00368326": "the habit of using that once it actually comes to mind when there's a opportunity to use it", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00539-00368326-00368851": "then I add another skill and then another skill so I'm not trying to go well I need", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00540-00368851-00369511": "to use some sort of motivational interviewing skill each each client session no I would say", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00541-00369511-00370300": "I need to use decisional balance exercises at least once every single day for the next two", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00542-00370300-00370822": "weeks and that helps integrate the knowledge into the routine slowly and incrementally", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00543-00371057-00371687": "addressing vulnerabilities frees up energy so clients can deal with other stuff that comes", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00544-00371687-00372182": "their way eliminating vulnerabilities like making sure you get plenty of sleep to begin", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00545-00372182-00372845": "with can help people feel less stressed exhausted and overwhelmed because they're fully recharged", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00546-00372845-00373547": "persistent vulnerabilities can be the first relapse warning sign so if people are persistently", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00547-00373547-00374216": "not getting enough sleep not eating well and in a negative frame of mind for example those can", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00548-00374216-00374936": "all be very early warning signs of a depression relapse so encourage clients to look back over", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00549-00374936-00375461": "you know when they've had episodes before if they've had an episode of clinical depression", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00550-00375461-00376148": "the three months before that you know what was going on were there any signs that you might be", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00551-00376148-00376709": "starting to get depressed they'll probably be able to identify some vulnerabilities and you", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00552-00376709-00377225": "can say okay that's where we're going to start you know let's try to prevent those but then if you do", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00553-00377225-00377945": "see those creeping in you see yourself waking up in a negative mood more often than not you know", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00554-00377945-00378605": "that you're potentially headed down the road for a depression relapse so then they can take steps", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00555-00378605-00379646": "early on to keep it from getting to a full-blown clinical depressive episode be mindful encourage", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00556-00379646-00380153": "clients to be mindful of when they're vulnerable and take positive steps to address it in order to", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00557-00380153-00380975": "ensure RIC recovery success it may happen in the middle of the day that they get some bad news or", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00558-00380975-00381725": "they start getting sleepy and they tend to start getting impatient or or whatever it's important", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00559-00381725-00382427": "for them to be aware of that and know that all right I'm feeling tired or I'm hungry hungry is", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00560-00382427-00383282": "another one my husband has hypoglycemia and when his blood sugar gets really low the only time he", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00561-00383282-00383837": "ever drew a complaint when he was on patrol was when his blood sugar was low and he's the same", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00562-00383837-00384496": "way around the house if his blood Sugar's fine he tends to be really no scary level sometimes", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00563-00384496-00385042": "but if his blood Sugar's low he can be a little bit more irritable which is notable because he's", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00564-00385042-00385729": "so level most of the time but he became aware of that and he started carrying stuff in his", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00565-00385729-00386338": "car so if he wasn't able to go on his meal break he could keep his blood sugar up and that kind", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00566-00386338-00387010": "of solved the problem so we need to help clients brainstorm solutions like that and be aware of how", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00567-00387010-00388207": "other things not just their mood impacts their mood if you enjoy this podcast please like and", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00568-00388207-00388693": "subscribe either in your podcast player or on youtube you can attend and participate in our", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00569-00388693-00389347": "live webinars with doctor Snipes by subscribing at all CEUs comm slash counselor toolbox this", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00570-00389347-00389947": "episode has been brought to you in part by all CEUs com providing 24/7 multimedia continuing", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00571-00389947-00390514": "education and pre certification training to counselors therapists and nurses since 2006", "aUIBi1iSCM4-00572-00390514-00391081": "use coupon code consular toolbox to get a 20% discount off your order this month"}}, {"audio_id": "aUKFPPfMUI4", "text": {"aUKFPPfMUI4-00000-00000574-00000761": "The technological revolution", "aUKFPPfMUI4-00001-00000761-00000876": "that is taking place", "aUKFPPfMUI4-00002-00000897-00001266": "is threatening us with  a unique phenomenon.", "aUKFPPfMUI4-00003-00001398-00001750": "When robots and  Artificial Intelligence-empowered machines", "aUKFPPfMUI4-00004-00001750-00001871": "pass the Turing test", "aUKFPPfMUI4-00005-00001892-00002186": "we reach a stage where  you pick up the phone", "aUKFPPfMUI4-00006-00002209-00002321": "you call a restaurant", "aUKFPPfMUI4-00007-00002338-00002499": "and you cannot distinguish", "aUKFPPfMUI4-00008-00002513-00002690": "whether this is a machine speaking to you", "aUKFPPfMUI4-00009-00002690-00002817": "or a human being.", "aUKFPPfMUI4-00010-00002887-00003209": "Suddenly, you can imagine the impact  this is going to have", "aUKFPPfMUI4-00011-00003209-00003411": "on employment throughout capitalism", "aUKFPPfMUI4-00012-00003529-00003787": "For the first time in the  history of capitalism,", "aUKFPPfMUI4-00013-00003787-00004089": "technology is destroying a lot more  jobs than it is creating.", "aUKFPPfMUI4-00014-00004164-00004436": "So you can have a massive reduction  in aggregate demand", "aUKFPPfMUI4-00015-00004609-00004925": "Income will become even more  concentrated in the hands", "aUKFPPfMUI4-00016-00004925-00005095": "of those who own the machines", "aUKFPPfMUI4-00017-00005158-00005294": "but even they will suffer", "aUKFPPfMUI4-00018-00005322-00005575": "in the long-term because  the demand will not be there", "aUKFPPfMUI4-00019-00005575-00005754": "for the product of their machines.", "aUKFPPfMUI4-00020-00005911-00006204": "We need to take the returns to capital,", "aUKFPPfMUI4-00021-00006204-00006332": "the returns to automation", "aUKFPPfMUI4-00022-00006332-00006521": "and spread them throughout society.", "aUKFPPfMUI4-00023-00006651-00006821": "We need a Universal Basic Income", "aUKFPPfMUI4-00024-00006843-00007036": "but not one funded by taxation.", "aUKFPPfMUI4-00025-00007158-00007356": "Because if you tax workers,", "aUKFPPfMUI4-00026-00007387-00007568": "so that other workers don't work", "aUKFPPfMUI4-00027-00007701-00008090": "it is going to turn one segment  of the working-class against another.", "aUKFPPfMUI4-00028-00008307-00008529": "So, this is the fundamental distinction:", "aUKFPPfMUI4-00029-00008618-00008811": "fund a universal basic dividend", "aUKFPPfMUI4-00030-00008811-00008926": "but not from taxation", "aUKFPPfMUI4-00031-00008955-00009120": "but from the returns of capital.", "aUKFPPfMUI4-00032-00009435-00009751": "We must overturn the current narrative", "aUKFPPfMUI4-00033-00009798-00009964": "of life under capitalism.", "aUKFPPfMUI4-00034-00010162-00010298": "The current narrative", "aUKFPPfMUI4-00035-00010298-00010605": "that we have private production of wealth", "aUKFPPfMUI4-00036-00010636-00010850": "which is then appropriated by the state", "aUKFPPfMUI4-00037-00010850-00011006": "for social purposes.", "aUKFPPfMUI4-00038-00011131-00011281": "In reality,", "aUKFPPfMUI4-00039-00011281-00011599": "our wealth production is collective.", "aUKFPPfMUI4-00040-00011666-00011771": "It is social", "aUKFPPfMUI4-00041-00011917-00012172": "and it is only then  privately appropriated.", "aUKFPPfMUI4-00042-00012270-00012399": "Take an iPhone.", "aUKFPPfMUI4-00043-00012437-00012498": "Open it.", "aUKFPPfMUI4-00044-00012516-00012643": "What do you find in it?", "aUKFPPfMUI4-00045-00012643-00012845": "You find a variety of technologies.", "aUKFPPfMUI4-00046-00012872-00013044": "Most of the technologies in there", "aUKFPPfMUI4-00047-00013063-00013249": "were provided by public funding.", "aUKFPPfMUI4-00048-00013353-00013629": "Every time you search on a search engine", "aUKFPPfMUI4-00049-00013641-00013851": "you contribute to the capital of Google.", "aUKFPPfMUI4-00050-00013966-00014133": "Their customers are producing value", "aUKFPPfMUI4-00051-00014152-00014441": "which is being sold to advertisers  for exchange value", "aUKFPPfMUI4-00052-00014475-00014697": "to be returned directly  to these corporations.", "aUKFPPfMUI4-00053-00014869-00015158": "So, basic income is a very simple way", "aUKFPPfMUI4-00054-00015181-00015458": "of ensuring that those  who produce the value", "aUKFPPfMUI4-00055-00015458-00015590": "get a larger share of it.", "aUKFPPfMUI4-00056-00015618-00015762": "If you start thinking of it that way", "aUKFPPfMUI4-00057-00015762-00015972": "then it's very easy to start thinking", "aUKFPPfMUI4-00058-00015988-00016198": "of basic income as a dividend.", "aUKFPPfMUI4-00059-00016267-00016450": "A dividend that goes to the collective", "aUKFPPfMUI4-00060-00016450-00016712": "that was responsible for  producing the wealth.", "aUKFPPfMUI4-00061-00017147-00017345": "The struggle we are going to have", "aUKFPPfMUI4-00062-00017415-00017574": "to carry hearts and minds", "aUKFPPfMUI4-00063-00017624-00017748": "will be an ethical one.", "aUKFPPfMUI4-00064-00017821-00018275": "From those whose own sense of  dignity responds against", "aUKFPPfMUI4-00065-00018289-00018501": "the idea of \"something for nothing\".", "aUKFPPfMUI4-00066-00018815-00019071": "We have to attack the narrative head-on.", "aUKFPPfMUI4-00067-00019242-00019502": "Basic income is about giving money", "aUKFPPfMUI4-00068-00019502-00019622": "to the undeserving.", "aUKFPPfMUI4-00069-00019893-00020106": "It is about giving money to the rich.", "aUKFPPfMUI4-00070-00020305-00020634": "It is about giving money to the surfers,", "aUKFPPfMUI4-00071-00020798-00020915": "the beach bums,", "aUKFPPfMUI4-00072-00021075-00021217": "the ones that we dislike,", "aUKFPPfMUI4-00073-00021235-00021466": "the ones that we would not like to be our children.", "aUKFPPfMUI4-00074-00021594-00021759": "We must not be sidetracked", "aUKFPPfMUI4-00075-00021778-00022219": "by simply talking about good people  getting money that they deserve.", "aUKFPPfMUI4-00076-00022350-00022562": "We should talk about undeserving people", "aUKFPPfMUI4-00077-00022611-00022686": "that get money", "aUKFPPfMUI4-00078-00022732-00022976": "courtesy of the fact that  they are members of a society", "aUKFPPfMUI4-00079-00023005-00023214": "that is collectively producing wealth.", "aUKFPPfMUI4-00080-00023469-00023745": "We will have to choose  politically and democratically", "aUKFPPfMUI4-00081-00023800-00024386": "between a world in which the  concentration of ownership", "aUKFPPfMUI4-00082-00024435-00024656": "over the new-found  means of production", "aUKFPPfMUI4-00083-00024746-00025117": "is going to lead to a  stagnating capitalism", "aUKFPPfMUI4-00084-00025169-00025451": "with intense inequality", "aUKFPPfMUI4-00085-00025565-00026050": "and huge quantity of income for  a decreasing, shrinking percentage", "aUKFPPfMUI4-00086-00026066-00026162": "of the population", "aUKFPPfMUI4-00087-00026191-00026676": "that leaves behind electrified fences  in privately policed communities", "aUKFPPfMUI4-00088-00026751-00027316": "and the rest in a cesspool of volatility,  uncertainty and social misery.", "aUKFPPfMUI4-00089-00027554-00027847": "I have a very deep belief", "aUKFPPfMUI4-00090-00027918-00028379": "in the capacity of human minds  to work things out for themselves", "aUKFPPfMUI4-00091-00028562-00028739": "If they don't have to live in terror", "aUKFPPfMUI4-00092-00028945-00029193": "Social democracy put forward the idea", "aUKFPPfMUI4-00093-00029243-00029406": "of a social safety net.", "aUKFPPfMUI4-00094-00029558-00029826": "Nets are very good for  catching you when you're falling", "aUKFPPfMUI4-00095-00029886-00030032": "But when you are caught in them", "aUKFPPfMUI4-00096-00030081-00030271": "it is sometimes very easy to be trapped.", "aUKFPPfMUI4-00097-00030416-00030678": "Think of basic income as a foundation", "aUKFPPfMUI4-00098-00030784-00031064": "a floor on which to stand solidly", "aUKFPPfMUI4-00099-00031212-00031399": "and to be able to reach for the sky."}}, {"audio_id": "aV6lYDv3ctM", "text": {"aV6lYDv3ctM-00000-00000280-00000672": "welcome back to sustainability month on Door Hardware Nerds I'm your host", "aV6lYDv3ctM-00001-00000672-00001256": "Mia Merrel we've got another great sustainability focused interview today with Amy Musanti Amy", "aV6lYDv3ctM-00002-00001256-00001823": "please introduce yourself and tell us about your role here gladly thanks Mia hey everyone I'm Amy", "aV6lYDv3ctM-00003-00001823-00002560": "Musanti director of sustainable building solutions here with ASSA ABLOY based in Connecticut I work", "aV6lYDv3ctM-00004-00002560-00003224": "with our manufacturing companies and operating sites to help green our products and processes", "aV6lYDv3ctM-00005-00003224-00003847": "and then I work very closely in the field with our sales and specification teams teaching everyone", "aV6lYDv3ctM-00006-00003847-00004472": "how sustainable doors, frames, hardware, and access control can contribute to progressive", "aV6lYDv3ctM-00007-00004472-00005128": "built environments all right well welcome back we are so glad you are joining us again me too", "aV6lYDv3ctM-00008-00005240-00005704": "so can you tell us what all this talk about carbon in the building industry has been about", "aV6lYDv3ctM-00009-00005704-00006431": "lately oh yes and there has been a lot of talk around carbon lately and it's something that", "aV6lYDv3ctM-00010-00006431-00007231": "it's really important for us to be educated about so believe it or not within the building sector", "aV6lYDv3ctM-00011-00007231-00007968": "that represents the world's largest emitter of greenhouse gas or what we refer to as", "aV6lYDv3ctM-00012-00007968-00009024": "GHG and that accounts for almost 40 percent of total GHG emissions which is absolutely astounding", "aV6lYDv3ctM-00013-00009024-00009736": "and also tells us that we need to take action because we do exist here in the building industry", "aV6lYDv3ctM-00014-00009848-00010176": "something that's really interesting and this puts it into perspective", "aV6lYDv3ctM-00015-00010256-00011008": "is a statistic that I came across recently so it's been predicted that over the next 35 years", "aV6lYDv3ctM-00016-00011080-00011640": "two trillion square feet of buildings will be constructed worldwide and that is equivalent", "aV6lYDv3ctM-00017-00011640-00012456": "to building the entire city of New York every 35 days for 35 years that's a lot of material", "aV6lYDv3ctM-00018-00012456-00013047": "being sourced and used and that means we need to be more responsible about our carbon footprint", "aV6lYDv3ctM-00019-00013144-00013752": "yeah wow oh my goodness all right so how does embodied carbon get measured", "aV6lYDv3ctM-00020-00013991-00014688": "so we use a methodology called an LCA or lifecycle assessment always good to define these things as", "aV6lYDv3ctM-00021-00014688-00015608": "we have many acronyms and abbreviations in our industry so an LCA or a life cycle assessment", "aV6lYDv3ctM-00022-00015608-00016328": "is familiar for people that are in our industry but they probably see this information in a format", "aV6lYDv3ctM-00023-00016328-00016984": "or a more common document that we refer to as an EPD or an environmental product declaration", "aV6lYDv3ctM-00024-00017040-00017640": "so these documents are issued by building products manufacturers as a way to share", "aV6lYDv3ctM-00025-00017640-00018400": "data with customers but they also in turn use this data to make more responsible products so we can", "aV6lYDv3ctM-00026-00018400-00019104": "actually optimize what we're developing to be to bring better products to market so a life", "aV6lYDv3ctM-00027-00019104-00019856": "cycle assessment measures a building or building material from each stage of its life cycle which", "aV6lYDv3ctM-00028-00019856-00020480": "starts at the raw material supply or extraction all the way until the product's end of life", "aV6lYDv3ctM-00029-00020608-00021440": "one metric within a life cycle assessment is called GWP or global warming potential and that is", "aV6lYDv3ctM-00030-00021440-00022480": "what we use to measure and track embodied carbon okay so you mentioned EPDs where can I locate them", "aV6lYDv3ctM-00031-00022480-00023136": "and how can I best understand the data that's in there so many manufacturers in our industry", "aV6lYDv3ctM-00032-00023136-00023776": "including ASSA ABLOY have issued environmental product declarations for their products and in", "aV6lYDv3ctM-00033-00023776-00024496": "the spirit of true transparency these documents are located right on a manufacturer's website and", "aV6lYDv3ctM-00034-00024496-00025408": "also in online databases like Mindful Materials we also have online tools like the EC3 tool", "aV6lYDv3ctM-00035-00025496-00026088": "which we'll talk about at the end and that will examine an environmental product declaration", "aV6lYDv3ctM-00036-00026088-00026856": "and output carbon footprint information that's relevant for any person to to review", "aV6lYDv3ctM-00037-00026952-00027544": "and and document so it puts it into relevant terms for most people interesting", "aV6lYDv3ctM-00038-00027648-00028280": "so can you tell us how ASSA ABLOY is working towards reducing carbon emissions yes it's", "aV6lYDv3ctM-00039-00028280-00028920": "a massive undertaking but we've signed on to the science-based targets initiative which is a global", "aV6lYDv3ctM-00040-00028920-00029583": "initiative and that encourages us to measure track and reduce our overall global footprint", "aV6lYDv3ctM-00041-00029680-00030327": "and more information can be found on our website and also within our global sustainability report", "aV6lYDv3ctM-00042-00030472-00030648": "we know all about that from last time", "aV6lYDv3ctM-00043-00030872-00031256": "all right thank you Amy for coming on today I will put a link below for the", "aV6lYDv3ctM-00044-00031256-00031832": "Embodied Carbon in Construction Calculator tool or better known as the EC3 tool", "aV6lYDv3ctM-00045-00031904-00032376": "if you have questions or comments please leave them below and make sure you like this video", "aV6lYDv3ctM-00046-00032376-00032960": "and subscribe to our channel to stay updated on when our new videos come out thanks for watching"}}, {"audio_id": "aViz8dYmXCY", "text": {"aViz8dYmXCY-00000-00000140-00000809": "Hello guys its dylan here", "aViz8dYmXCY-00001-00000809-00001254": "So we have new update and am late for it sorry !", "aViz8dYmXCY-00002-00001254-00001707": "I just finished my exams today so without a further ado lets get into the video", "aViz8dYmXCY-00003-00001707-00002134": "Update now to experience , new achievements for fusion , mastery & bosses", "aViz8dYmXCY-00004-00002134-00002194": "bosses", "aViz8dYmXCY-00005-00002194-00002548": "So we have new achievements if you do these stuff beating boss", "aViz8dYmXCY-00006-00002548-00002931": "fusion cards and yeah thats all", "aViz8dYmXCY-00007-00002931-00003347": "Lil' town pack with guaranted gold cards of boss cards", "aViz8dYmXCY-00008-00003347-00003664": "i'll just show it to you in a video its better", "aViz8dYmXCY-00009-00003664-00004050": "Tap on card to view boss prize pool", "aViz8dYmXCY-00010-00004050-00004384": "Taping on the card in boss beating", "aViz8dYmXCY-00011-00004384-00004743": "It will say you have chance to win this card if you beat this boss", "aViz8dYmXCY-00012-00004743-00005220": "so they have added new look , i guess thats all", "aViz8dYmXCY-00013-00005220-00005581": "i asked about it to the developers if is there anything about it or if they increased the chance", "aViz8dYmXCY-00014-00005581-00005932": "so i'm waiting to get the answer", "aViz8dYmXCY-00015-00005932-00006324": "okay now fix for a upgrade achievement and kongregate", "aViz8dYmXCY-00016-00006324-00006635": "so like i said there's more achievement", "aViz8dYmXCY-00017-00006635-00006953": "and really really fixes the issue with the", "aViz8dYmXCY-00018-00006953-00007284": "negatives star for the arena like for real this time", "aViz8dYmXCY-00019-00007284-00007628": "okay that's all with this one", "aViz8dYmXCY-00020-00007628-00008027": "into the video better so for new update we have", "aViz8dYmXCY-00021-00008027-00008334": "alien invasion is just invasion but i added", "aViz8dYmXCY-00022-00008334-00008706": "alien okay and other one is Monster Bash", "aViz8dYmXCY-00023-00008706-00009103": "so thats all let's get to the next thing", "aViz8dYmXCY-00024-00009103-00009564": "so here we are with the lil' town pack you'll get this pack for", "aViz8dYmXCY-00025-00009564-00009665": "120 gems", "aViz8dYmXCY-00026-00009665-00010074": "and you'll have 3 gold card inside it", "aViz8dYmXCY-00027-00010074-00010528": "i'll show you a short video about the pack in the shop but i'll not reveal the", "aViz8dYmXCY-00028-00010528-00010579": "card", "aViz8dYmXCY-00029-00010579-00011011": "I got from it I'll keep it up for the next video just right after this video", "aViz8dYmXCY-00030-00011011-00011711": "so hope you like it and lets get into the next thing , so here's some new card from the new", "aViz8dYmXCY-00031-00011718-00012163": "event or the update enjoy it and that's", "aViz8dYmXCY-00032-00012163-00012463": "all with this video guys \"thank you for watching\"", "aViz8dYmXCY-00033-00012463-00012863": "and you can click any of these pictures to get to their combination", "aViz8dYmXCY-00034-00012863-00013276": "and of course i wanted to say i'll be uploading daily from now", "aViz8dYmXCY-00035-00013276-00013666": "so there'll be more combination if you want to stay tuned", "aViz8dYmXCY-00036-00013666-00013978": "can just click that subscribe button and if you want to help me", "aViz8dYmXCY-00037-00013978-00014315": "giving better videos you can just quickly that", "aViz8dYmXCY-00038-00014315-00014681": "like button and comment giving feedback for", "aViz8dYmXCY-00039-00014681-00015044": "watched i should do about my next Video and stuff", "aViz8dYmXCY-00040-00015044-00015388": "so yeah that's all guys thank you for watching", "aViz8dYmXCY-00041-00015388-00015638": "and hope you have nice day <3"}}, {"audio_id": "aVk-0fkotHM", "text": {"aVk-0fkotHM-00000-00000011-00000573": "This video will walk you through how to manually enter grades within Talon.  If", "aVk-0fkotHM-00001-00000573-00001076": "you're looking for information on entering grade for specific content", "aVk-0fkotHM-00002-00001076-00001470": "items such as Assignments or Quizzes or Discussions,  you want to go to those", "aVk-0fkotHM-00003-00001470-00001902": "individual modules, though I will briefly touch on it here, but you'll want to go", "aVk-0fkotHM-00004-00001902-00002294": "to those individual modules as those are covered in there.  So I have two options", "aVk-0fkotHM-00005-00002294-00002646": "here when I enter grades.  The most logical place probably to go here you", "aVk-0fkotHM-00006-00002646-00003156": "think would be to click on Enter Grades, but I can actually get to that the Enter", "aVk-0fkotHM-00007-00003156-00003738": "Grades page from this Manage Grades page.  So I've got my one item here my Cat In", "aVk-0fkotHM-00008-00003738-00004112": "Class Discussion that I want to enter grades for.  I can click on the arrow next", "aVk-0fkotHM-00009-00004112-00004650": "to this and I can say Enter Grades.  What this will give me is this will give me", "aVk-0fkotHM-00010-00004650-00005142": "like a spreadsheet view and this will list all my students here, and I can", "aVk-0fkotHM-00011-00005142-00005727": "enter in a score for them, say, ten, and I can click on this little speech bubble", "aVk-0fkotHM-00012-00005727-00006920": "icon with some feedback and put in my feedback and save and I can save that.", "aVk-0fkotHM-00013-00006920-00007377": "Now notice my grade scheme shows up here.  A couple other settings on this page:", "aVk-0fkotHM-00014-00007377-00007728": "It's kind of hidden, but there is an option here to show details and overall", "aVk-0fkotHM-00015-00007728-00008154": "feedback.  You can put something in this overall feedback area and it will show", "aVk-0fkotHM-00016-00008154-00008799": "for everyone so one way that that I use this in my class is directing students", "aVk-0fkotHM-00017-00008799-00009453": "to the Progress area of the course to view specific comments on a rubric.  So", "aVk-0fkotHM-00018-00009453-00010275": "you might put something in there that says like,  \"Please see Progress for a more", "aVk-0fkotHM-00019-00010275-00010896": "detailed grade report.\" And then all students will see that on this", "aVk-0fkotHM-00020-00010896-00011600": "assignment,  and so if I want to clear this grade then cut them, So then coming", "aVk-0fkotHM-00021-00011600-00012257": "down here,  I can check a box here for my test student.  I can click on Grade,  I can", "aVk-0fkotHM-00022-00012257-00012702": "clear her grade.  Notice there is this option for Exempt and Non-Exempt so this", "aVk-0fkotHM-00023-00012702-00013136": "is used not probably often here at Kirkwood, but", "aVk-0fkotHM-00024-00013136-00013609": "this is used or if you have a student, that say they missed an assignment, and", "aVk-0fkotHM-00025-00013609-00014113": "you are going to allow them to miss that assignment and not have it count against", "aVk-0fkotHM-00026-00014113-00014480": "them you can actually exempt them from that assignment and what that will do is", "aVk-0fkotHM-00027-00014480-00014825": "it won't count them towards their overall grade and won't force you to", "aVk-0fkotHM-00028-00014825-00015278": "enter a zero for them.  You can also unexempt students from a grade,", "aVk-0fkotHM-00029-00015278-00016193": "and you can also email that student from here.  Okay, so I'm gonna save that.  So I'm", "aVk-0fkotHM-00030-00016193-00016640": "going to go back to Grades, and the other place I can go in for entering grades is", "aVk-0fkotHM-00031-00016640-00017135": "obviously in the Enter Grades area.  So if I click on this page, this is gonna give", "aVk-0fkotHM-00032-00017135-00017711": "me a pretty nice grid view of my gradebook with all my students listed here in", "aVk-0fkotHM-00033-00017711-00018032": "the left-hand column and they'll be be repeated over kind of over and over", "aVk-0fkotHM-00034-00018032-00018520": "again every five columns or so depending on how I've set that up.  There is an", "aVk-0fkotHM-00035-00018520-00018911": "option here to switch to spreadsheet view as well.  If you change that view,", "aVk-0fkotHM-00036-00018911-00019472": "that will allow you to type in right in here.  So notice I've got a couple", "aVk-0fkotHM-00037-00019472-00020015": "assignments in here, I can actually type right here, or I can click the arrow next", "aVk-0fkotHM-00038-00020015-00020528": "to say my Cat In-Class Discussion, here and click on Grade All, and that's gonna", "aVk-0fkotHM-00039-00020528-00020998": "take me right back to this page.  I was just on to Enter Grades, so I'm gonna", "aVk-0fkotHM-00040-00020998-00022045": "go back, and let's go into one of these assignments that say we've already", "aVk-0fkotHM-00041-00022045-00022544": "created how about this Whiskers Discussion, and I'm gonna go in to grade", "aVk-0fkotHM-00042-00022544-00023240": "all and we'll notice on this Whiskers Discussion, that it's been graded but", "aVk-0fkotHM-00043-00023240-00023723": "there's a column here for Submission.  This is because this is tied to an item", "aVk-0fkotHM-00044-00023723-00024128": "in the Course Content, and that in this case just happens to be the discussion,", "aVk-0fkotHM-00045-00024128-00024638": "and so I can actually click on the student submission and I can grade it", "aVk-0fkotHM-00046-00024638-00025312": "right from here and then that will transfer into that gradebook column."}}, {"audio_id": "aVo8tckH7Nc", "text": {"aVo8tckH7Nc-00000-00000010-00000060": "HAYDEE CLOTTER IN FOR DENNIS", "aVo8tckH7Nc-00001-00000060-00000066": "HAYDEE CLOTTER IN FOR DENNIS", "aVo8tckH7Nc-00002-00000066-00000146": "HAYDEE CLOTTER IN FOR DENNIS  WEIMANN.", "aVo8tckH7Nc-00003-00000146-00000153": "WEIMANN.", "aVo8tckH7Nc-00004-00000153-00000263": "WEIMANN. A MOBILE HOME FIRE ABOUT 20", "aVo8tckH7Nc-00005-00000263-00000270": "A MOBILE HOME FIRE ABOUT 20", "aVo8tckH7Nc-00006-00000270-00000330": "A MOBILE HOME FIRE ABOUT 20  MILES NORTHWEST OF BEMIDJI", "aVo8tckH7Nc-00007-00000330-00000336": "MILES NORTHWEST OF BEMIDJI", "aVo8tckH7Nc-00008-00000336-00000390": "MILES NORTHWEST OF BEMIDJI  CLAIMED THE LIFE OF A", "aVo8tckH7Nc-00009-00000390-00000397": "CLAIMED THE LIFE OF A", "aVo8tckH7Nc-00010-00000397-00000814": "CLAIMED THE LIFE OF A  56-YEAR-OLD MAN.", "aVo8tckH7Nc-00011-00000814-00000820": "56-YEAR-OLD MAN.", "aVo8tckH7Nc-00012-00000820-00000960": "56-YEAR-OLD MAN. ACCORDING TO THE BELTRAMI", "aVo8tckH7Nc-00013-00000960-00000967": "ACCORDING TO THE BELTRAMI", "aVo8tckH7Nc-00014-00000967-00001097": "ACCORDING TO THE BELTRAMI  COUNTY SHERIFF'S OFFICE, THE", "aVo8tckH7Nc-00015-00001097-00001104": "COUNTY SHERIFF'S OFFICE, THE", "aVo8tckH7Nc-00016-00001104-00001171": "COUNTY SHERIFF'S OFFICE, THE  FIRE HAPPENED YESTERDAY", "aVo8tckH7Nc-00017-00001171-00001177": "FIRE HAPPENED YESTERDAY", "aVo8tckH7Nc-00018-00001177-00001394": "FIRE HAPPENED YESTERDAY  MORNING AT ABOUT 6:00 A.M. IN", "aVo8tckH7Nc-00019-00001394-00001401": "MORNING AT ABOUT 6:00 A.M. IN", "aVo8tckH7Nc-00020-00001401-00001471": "MORNING AT ABOUT 6:00 A.M. IN  BUZZLE TOWNSHIP.", "aVo8tckH7Nc-00021-00001471-00001478": "BUZZLE TOWNSHIP.", "aVo8tckH7Nc-00022-00001478-00001578": "BUZZLE TOWNSHIP. NEIGHBORS TRIED TO PUT OUT THE", "aVo8tckH7Nc-00023-00001578-00001584": "NEIGHBORS TRIED TO PUT OUT THE", "aVo8tckH7Nc-00024-00001584-00001741": "NEIGHBORS TRIED TO PUT OUT THE FIRE WITH GARDEN HOSES AFTER", "aVo8tckH7Nc-00025-00001741-00001748": "FIRE WITH GARDEN HOSES AFTER", "aVo8tckH7Nc-00026-00001748-00001841": "FIRE WITH GARDEN HOSES AFTER  THEY REALIZED SOMEONE WAS", "aVo8tckH7Nc-00027-00001841-00001848": "THEY REALIZED SOMEONE WAS", "aVo8tckH7Nc-00028-00001848-00001991": "THEY REALIZED SOMEONE WAS  STILL INSIDE THE HOME.", "aVo8tckH7Nc-00029-00001991-00001998": "STILL INSIDE THE HOME.", "aVo8tckH7Nc-00030-00001998-00002115": "STILL INSIDE THE HOME. DEPUTIES ARRIVED ON SCENE AND", "aVo8tckH7Nc-00031-00002115-00002122": "DEPUTIES ARRIVED ON SCENE AND", "aVo8tckH7Nc-00032-00002122-00002382": "DEPUTIES ARRIVED ON SCENE AND  FOUND THE MOBILE HOME FULLY", "aVo8tckH7Nc-00033-00002382-00002389": "FOUND THE MOBILE HOME FULLY", "aVo8tckH7Nc-00034-00002389-00002449": "FOUND THE MOBILE HOME FULLY  ENGULFED IN FLAMES.", "aVo8tckH7Nc-00035-00002449-00002455": "ENGULFED IN FLAMES.", "aVo8tckH7Nc-00036-00002455-00002532": "ENGULFED IN FLAMES. OFFICIALS SAY THE FIRE STARTED", "aVo8tckH7Nc-00037-00002532-00002539": "OFFICIALS SAY THE FIRE STARTED", "aVo8tckH7Nc-00038-00002539-00002882": "OFFICIALS SAY THE FIRE STARTED IN THE LIVING ROOM WHERE THE", "aVo8tckH7Nc-00039-00002882-00002889": "IN THE LIVING ROOM WHERE THE", "aVo8tckH7Nc-00040-00002889-00003356": "IN THE LIVING ROOM WHERE THE  BODY WAS FOUND.", "aVo8tckH7Nc-00041-00003356-00003363": "BODY WAS FOUND.", "aVo8tckH7Nc-00042-00003363-00003490": "BODY WAS FOUND.   >> AFTER WE SAW THE FIRE, WE", "aVo8tckH7Nc-00043-00003490-00003496": ">> AFTER WE SAW THE FIRE, WE", "aVo8tckH7Nc-00044-00003496-00003580": ">> AFTER WE SAW THE FIRE, WE  WERE ABLE TO KNOCK DOWN THE", "aVo8tckH7Nc-00045-00003580-00003586": "WERE ABLE TO KNOCK DOWN THE", "aVo8tckH7Nc-00046-00003586-00003847": "WERE ABLE TO KNOCK DOWN THE  FIRE AND GET INSIDE, THEY DID", "aVo8tckH7Nc-00047-00003847-00003853": "FIRE AND GET INSIDE, THEY DID", "aVo8tckH7Nc-00048-00003853-00003943": "FIRE AND GET INSIDE, THEY DID  DISCOVER THE DECEASED", "aVo8tckH7Nc-00049-00003943-00003950": "DISCOVER THE DECEASED", "aVo8tckH7Nc-00050-00003950-00004144": "DISCOVER THE DECEASED  INDIVIDUAL, WHO THE CORONER'S", "aVo8tckH7Nc-00051-00004144-00004150": "INDIVIDUAL, WHO THE CORONER'S", "aVo8tckH7Nc-00052-00004150-00004457": "INDIVIDUAL, WHO THE CORONER'S  OFFICE DID DETERMINE THE", "aVo8tckH7Nc-00053-00004457-00004464": "OFFICE DID DETERMINE THE", "aVo8tckH7Nc-00054-00004464-00004748": "OFFICE DID DETERMINE THE  IDENTITY WAS MR. ERIC", "aVo8tckH7Nc-00055-00004748-00004754": "IDENTITY WAS MR. ERIC", "aVo8tckH7Nc-00056-00004754-00005051": "IDENTITY WAS MR. ERIC  SHISHING, HOPEFULLY I AM", "aVo8tckH7Nc-00057-00005051-00005058": "SHISHING, HOPEFULLY I AM", "aVo8tckH7Nc-00058-00005058-00005135": "SHISHING, HOPEFULLY I AM  PRONOUNCING THAT CORRECTLY.", "aVo8tckH7Nc-00059-00005135-00005141": "PRONOUNCING THAT CORRECTLY.", "aVo8tckH7Nc-00060-00005141-00005522": "PRONOUNCING THAT CORRECTLY. THE CAUSE OF THE FIRE IS YET", "aVo8tckH7Nc-00061-00005522-00005528": "THE CAUSE OF THE FIRE IS YET", "aVo8tckH7Nc-00062-00005528-00005582": "THE CAUSE OF THE FIRE IS YET  TO BE DETERMINED."}}, {"audio_id": "aVKAssYXipo", "text": {"aVKAssYXipo-00000-00000466-00001040": "Problem solving is a method teachers can use to guide students through any kind of problem.", "aVKAssYXipo-00001-00001106-00001412": "There are four steps to problem-solving:", "aVKAssYXipo-00002-00001517-00001709": "1. Define the problem", "aVKAssYXipo-00003-00001709-00001885": "2. Make a plan", "aVKAssYXipo-00004-00001885-00002085": "3. Put the plan into action, and", "aVKAssYXipo-00005-00002165-00002365": "4. Check the result.", "aVKAssYXipo-00006-00002440-00002922": "As an example, you'll see how these ants use the four steps.", "aVKAssYXipo-00007-00002978-00003764": "The first step is to clearly define the problem, to understand what the goal is,", "aVKAssYXipo-00008-00003764-00004150": "and what is keeping you from reaching that goal.", "aVKAssYXipo-00009-00004166-00004694": "The ants want to move this cookie into their anthill, but it's too big to fit.", "aVKAssYXipo-00010-00004748-00005226": "The second step is to make a plan for solving the problem.", "aVKAssYXipo-00011-00005226-00005820": "This step includes talking about information and ideas that will be helpful.", "aVKAssYXipo-00012-00005864-00006426": "The ants decide to break the cookie into small pieces and move them into their anthill.", "aVKAssYXipo-00013-00006644-00007052": "The third step is to put the plan into action.", "aVKAssYXipo-00014-00007052-00007386": "They break up the cookie and move the pieces.", "aVKAssYXipo-00015-00007466-00007980": "And the fourth step is to check the result. It looks like it's working!", "aVKAssYXipo-00016-00008078-00008804": "Sometimes, the plan does not solve the problem. For example, this piece is still too big to fit.", "aVKAssYXipo-00017-00008850-00009346": "But that's okay. The four steps may need to be done more than once.", "aVKAssYXipo-00018-00009348-00009776": "It's an ongoing process until a solution is found.", "aVKAssYXipo-00019-00009910-00010736": "1. Define the problem. 2. Make a plan. 3. Put the plan into action, and 4. Check the result."}}, {"audio_id": "aWLpWlnFpnA", "text": {"aWLpWlnFpnA-00000-00000000-00000509": "Here it is, the revelation of satanic strategy. I've said that Satan had fought Israel, God's", "aWLpWlnFpnA-00001-00000509-00000888": "witness, the Lord Jesus predicted he was going to fight the church. How? Well", "aWLpWlnFpnA-00002-00000888-00001320": "notice, back in the wilderness in those 40 days that Satan came to keep Christ from the cross", "aWLpWlnFpnA-00003-00001386-00002076": "because if he kept from the cross then the New Covenant would never be accomplished, so we see", "aWLpWlnFpnA-00004-00002076-00002658": "that it is Satan's and strategy today, is to keep you from entering into meaningful Union with Christ", "aWLpWlnFpnA-00005-00002658-00003210": "in death and if he can do that if he can get you to fight that truth then he can get you to", "aWLpWlnFpnA-00006-00003210-00004128": "gossip, to lie, to lust, to hate, he can make you the instrument of every evil if he keeps you from the", "aWLpWlnFpnA-00007-00004128-00004674": "cross for if he can succeed there he can succeed in anything when you recognize that the grounds", "aWLpWlnFpnA-00008-00004674-00005274": "of the church is not a historical fact alone but a fact that has been made experientially real", "aWLpWlnFpnA-00009-00005274-00005712": "in your heart and life and when Christ died you died, and if he can keep the cross from working in", "aWLpWlnFpnA-00010-00005712-00006192": "your life then for all practical purposes he has destroyed the effectiveness of the work of Christ", "aWLpWlnFpnA-00011-00006192-00006762": "on the cross as far as the church is concerned and our Lord once and for all made it clear that", "aWLpWlnFpnA-00012-00006762-00007398": "the resistance to the truth of the Cross is a satanic strategy to impoverish and weaken the church", "aWLpWlnFpnA-00013-00007398-00008346": "And so He said get thee behind me Satan.  Just as Satan used Peter to try and keepChrist from accomplishing the New Covenant, my", "aWLpWlnFpnA-00014-00008346-00009036": "dear since that time Satan has tried to keep the cross for Christ in history so as who weaken and", "aWLpWlnFpnA-00015-00009036-00009582": "destroy the church and to you the subtle thing will come and it will be it's not necessary for", "aWLpWlnFpnA-00016-00009582-00010074": "you to die to yourself, it's not necessary for you to come to the Cross it's not necessary to come to", "aWLpWlnFpnA-00017-00010074-00010644": "the end of yourself. Why believe is enough,  that's all just believe but the church isn't made", "aWLpWlnFpnA-00018-00010644-00011184": "up there, the church is made up on the grounds of the Cross. Men and women come to the place they", "aWLpWlnFpnA-00019-00011184-00011676": "not only see that Christ died for them but they take their place crucified with Christ. The church only", "aWLpWlnFpnA-00020-00011676-00012131": "has its existence where the cross is wrought not only for the sinner but in the sinner [Music]"}}, {"audio_id": "aX9ABRie74o", "text": {"aX9ABRie74o-00000-00000684-00001073": "And tango also has that, it has the improvisation part", "aX9ABRie74o-00001-00001073-00001961": "but it has it in another way, especially in recent times", "aX9ABRie74o-00002-00002227-00002776": "through youth and the research that has been done.", "aX9ABRie74o-00003-00003290-00003490": "It is also part of the thing.", "aX9ABRie74o-00004-00003500-00003700": "What do you think is coming in terms of Tango?", "aX9ABRie74o-00005-00003881-00004169": "Well, as for the Tango, something is coming that ...", "aX9ABRie74o-00006-00004169-00004873": "it has to do with many people who tried, who did Jazz", "aX9ABRie74o-00007-00004882-00005424": "Tango is overturned and Tango begins", "aX9ABRie74o-00008-00005424-00005854": "to improvise, to take improvisation ideas,", "aX9ABRie74o-00009-00005854-00006775": "which is very interesting above all guitarists and pianists who play Jazz very well, now they begin to play", "aX9ABRie74o-00010-00006775-00007305": "Tango, and they enrich the material a lot.", "aX9ABRie74o-00011-00007378-00007848": "You did a job with Fado", "aX9ABRie74o-00012-00007861-00008425": "Yes, with Fado players I recently did a job with a fadist", "aX9ABRie74o-00013-00008425-00008698": "who plays about 18 guitars", "aX9ABRie74o-00014-00010272-00010533": "named Pedro da Silva", "aX9ABRie74o-00015-00010533-00010774": "Pedro da Silva, who lives in the US. He", "aX9ABRie74o-00016-00010774-00011123": "is an american, but the son of a portuguese.", "aX9ABRie74o-00017-00011123-00011908": "We did a job with bandoneon and portuguese guitar,", "aX9ABRie74o-00018-00011908-00012347": "and well, I improvise a lot there, a lot!", "aX9ABRie74o-00019-00012347-00012532": "How long did it take them to do that job?", "aX9ABRie74o-00020-00012532-00012812": "And, to live ... a little ...", "aX9ABRie74o-00021-00012825-00013258": "To live a little on the guitar, that, portuguese, and the work", "aX9ABRie74o-00022-00013258-00013735": "I began to get into Fado and ...", "aX9ABRie74o-00023-00013735-00014017": "How does that work turn out to you?", "aX9ABRie74o-00024-00014038-00014403": "I tell you: I had to listen to it more than once,", "aX9ABRie74o-00025-00014403-00014775": "and every time I listen to it I like it more and more, and I'm going ... like what,", "aX9ABRie74o-00026-00014775-00015456": "for example, when I heard Re-encounter, at first, WOW!", "aX9ABRie74o-00027-00015459-00015896": "When I listened to the Fado one (I don't remember the name of the CD), it", "aX9ABRie74o-00028-00015896-00016268": "was that little by little I fell in love.", "aX9ABRie74o-00029-00016299-00016670": "So, Re-encuentro was instantaneous, and the Fado one ...", "aX9ABRie74o-00030-00016670-00016936": "Ah, the Re-encuentro album, you liked that one.", "aX9ABRie74o-00031-00016936-00017325": "Impressive, Re-encuentro impressive, but it was instantaneous.", "aX9ABRie74o-00032-00017402-00017740": "I mean, sometimes you need a time to mature.", "aX9ABRie74o-00033-00017740-00017995": "Well, in Re-encuentro I play with an Argentine guitarist", "aX9ABRie74o-00034-00017995-00018272": "that I have already lived with for 20 years", "aX9ABRie74o-00035-00018272-00018542": "with music, I take him to my quintet and everything", "aX9ABRie74o-00036-00018542-00019056": "but we have a duo that we have worked on.", "aX9ABRie74o-00037-00019056-00019178": "Yes, for me it is spectacular!", "aX9ABRie74o-00038-00019178-00019363": "The two [CDs] are spectacular.", "aX9ABRie74o-00039-00019363-00019941": "The other [CD], the fadista, we also live with that a lot ...", "aX9ABRie74o-00040-00019941-00020134": "in improvisation work.", "aX9ABRie74o-00041-00020134-00020709": "Well, Fado is a much simpler song than Tango.", "aX9ABRie74o-00042-00020709-00021263": "Tango is much more dramatic and to play it requires much more technical knowledge.", "aX9ABRie74o-00043-00021263-00021739": "Fado is simple, it is the dominant tonic, to the fourth degree and bye, that's it.", "aX9ABRie74o-00044-00021739-00022474": "I mean, actually, all popular music is first fourth and fifth grade.", "aX9ABRie74o-00045-00022474-00022832": "Technically speaking as far as it has to do with the harmonic.", "aX9ABRie74o-00046-00022832-00023363": "But the part of the instrument, the fado player,", "aX9ABRie74o-00047-00023363-00024101": "to play, he also has to play from the keys, except for this fado player who plays in any key,", "aX9ABRie74o-00048-00024101-00024647": "because he is a guy who knows more, and is a master of composition.", "aX9ABRie74o-00049-00024647-00025064": "So, well, with him we have that kind of tune,", "aX9ABRie74o-00050-00025064-00025737": "and many times Polly ... we made a CD with the Manhattan Camerata", "aX9ABRie74o-00051-00025737-00025978": "called Fado y Tango", "aX9ABRie74o-00052-00025978-00026454": "that has him, he has a chamber orchestra,", "aX9ABRie74o-00053-00026454-00026716": "his wife who is a pianist and composer,", "aX9ABRie74o-00054-00026729-00026900": "Daniel and I", "aX9ABRie74o-00055-00026900-00027269": "who was very nice too, we recorded it in the US", "aX9ABRie74o-00056-00027269-00027867": "It is a work that we did not do long ago and ...", "aX9ABRie74o-00057-00027867-00028569": "well, there too this one appeals to all the fantasy and", "aX9ABRie74o-00058-00028569-00028946": "thinks that these novelties begin just to emerge now", "aX9ABRie74o-00059-00028946-00029787": "after you made it capable that we spent a lot of time for people to start to get closer - to engage and understand - to", "aX9ABRie74o-00060-00029787-00030962": "get closer! Because, first, the bandoneon and the guitar have a history, through different interpreters.", "aX9ABRie74o-00061-00030962-00031622": "First with Troilo Grela, Roberto Grela is the extraordinary tango guitarist, he passed away.", "aX9ABRie74o-00062-00031622-00032283": "Then comes Leopoldo Federico, another bandoneon player who died and is a monster.", "aX9ABRie74o-00063-00032283-00032565": "And I who played with three different guitarists", "aX9ABRie74o-00064-00032565-00032874": "each with his style, all very good", "aX9ABRie74o-00065-00032874-00033520": "and well, I had an experience with a classical guitarist like Eduardo Isaac,", "aX9ABRie74o-00066-00033520-00033997": "who is an eminence in classical music but who also turned to tango", "aX9ABRie74o-00067-00033997-00034769": "later with César Angeleri that I did now Re-encounter but we had another previous album,", "aX9ABRie74o-00068-00034769-00035041": "which is more popular", "aX9ABRie74o-00069-00035041-00035248": "called Tango Natural, right?", "aX9ABRie74o-00070-00035248-00035452": "The previous one is called Natural Tango", "aX9ABRie74o-00071-00035452-00035983": "and then with Hugo Romero at the beginning I also made a very interesting album with him [Atardecer Antigo].", "aX9ABRie74o-00072-00035983-00036329": "I mean, I have a whole history with guitarists and I do a pile.", "aX9ABRie74o-00073-00036329-00036985": "Also with Re-encuentro, the fidelity of that recording [ah, because he has a recording studio] is masterful!", "aX9ABRie74o-00074-00036985-00037196": "because that also contributes.", "aX9ABRie74o-00075-00037196-00037520": "Look how he realized it!", "aX9ABRie74o-00076-00037520-00037915": "The level you have! Look how he found out!", "aX9ABRie74o-00077-00037915-00038371": "But look how he found out! Right away, of course, you're used to it!", "aX9ABRie74o-00078-00038371-00038483": "Did you see the fidelity that that has ?!", "aX9ABRie74o-00079-00038483-00038683": "Be impressed, impressive!", "aX9ABRie74o-00080-00038683-00039188": "It is impressive, and the Fado one I don't know if it has the same loyalty ... it's good.", "aX9ABRie74o-00081-00039199-00039559": "It's good, but no, Re-encounter is masterful.", "aX9ABRie74o-00082-00039639-00039956": "Masterful, Re-encuentro is masterful.", "aX9ABRie74o-00083-00039956-00040234": "He has a recording studio, he [César Angeleri] is dedicated to that.", "aX9ABRie74o-00084-00040234-00040919": "We were just talking about sound and how you do to reproduce and record it and after", "aX9ABRie74o-00085-00040919-00041473": "people hear it as it was sounding in reality and in that yes, in that it is achieved.", "aX9ABRie74o-00086-00041473-00042263": "Because ... it is not common, very high fidelity recordings.", "aX9ABRie74o-00087-00042263-00042838": "And that, musicians with a lot of resources. And that I never understood.", "aX9ABRie74o-00088-00042838-00043209": "Why? Don't you realize that you can hear much better?", "aX9ABRie74o-00089-00043209-00043886": "Most of the albums, their recordings do not have a fidelity ...", "aX9ABRie74o-00090-00043893-00044525": "You look at that boy, well that man, he has a studio and all the things he", "aX9ABRie74o-00091-00044525-00045152": "buys, that time we go on tour, you buy the best and the latest and the latest .", "aX9ABRie74o-00092-00045152-00045763": "and it sells that, the studio is small. There is no need to have a super large studio.", "aX9ABRie74o-00093-00045763-00045894": "But the study is impeccable", "aX9ABRie74o-00094-00045894-00046256": "But of course, you know, you have to know. ... and the guy knows!", "aX9ABRie74o-00095-00046256-00046962": "and well, don't long for anything that isn't there ... well, César, that's tremendous.", "aX9ABRie74o-00096-00046983-00047588": "apart from the guitar ... he has an amazing ear!", "aX9ABRie74o-00097-00047588-00048223": "With César the problem of executing, ...", "aX9ABRie74o-00098-00048223-00048593": "We don't have much ..., we don't talk much", "aX9ABRie74o-00099-00048593-00048946": "what they do is spontaneous!", "aX9ABRie74o-00100-00048946-00049243": "We look at each other, and we don't know how we're going to end ...", "aX9ABRie74o-00101-00049243-00049642": "but we end up like the cat, you never hit yourself ...", "aX9ABRie74o-00102-00049842-00050179": "But those two albums have to be heard by everyone!", "aX9ABRie74o-00103-00050179-00050556": "I have on Spotify, did you see them?", "aX9ABRie74o-00104-00050556-00050657": "Sure, I heard them on Spotify.", "aX9ABRie74o-00105-00050657-00050937": "Did you see how many albums I have on Spotify?", "aX9ABRie74o-00106-00050937-00051752": "I made myself a playlist, because I've been listening to your two music for the last 10 days.", "aX9ABRie74o-00107-00051797-00052094": "So what I liked the most,", "aX9ABRie74o-00108-00052113-00052541": "I made a playlist like that when I upload this program I will share my playlists.", "aX9ABRie74o-00109-00052541-00052953": "Sure, and you put things in there ...", "aX9ABRie74o-00110-00052953-00053458": "But you notice that those things, those things are ...", "aX9ABRie74o-00111-00053500-00053989": "The other one that I liked in every way, and I think the fidelity was very good, it", "aX9ABRie74o-00112-00053989-00054612": "is with the Montreal Philharmonic, that one is! Awesome!", "aX9ABRie74o-00113-00054612-00054942": "No, that's awesome! - Fabulous - You", "aX9ABRie74o-00114-00054942-00055161": "know where it was made, in a chapel.", "aX9ABRie74o-00115-00055161-00055994": "In a chapel, but the technicians from England came, with the mobile team.", "aX9ABRie74o-00116-00055994-00056463": "And the orchestra ... well and the orchestra and the conductor.", "aX9ABRie74o-00117-00056463-00056598": "Big words.", "aX9ABRie74o-00118-00056598-00056830": "It has a charm that cannot be believed ...", "aX9ABRie74o-00119-00057101-00057293": "Did that record impress you?", "aX9ABRie74o-00120-00057293-00057552": "Also, a lot!", "aX9ABRie74o-00121-00057584-00058172": "But the circumstances of life you know that one is walking and sometimes what", "aX9ABRie74o-00122-00058172-00058639": "is touching you. It's what you get.", "aX9ABRie74o-00123-00058836-00059144": "... so,", "aX9ABRie74o-00124-00059144-00059608": "But now I'm very", "aX9ABRie74o-00125-00059608-00059727": "picky about the sound", "aX9ABRie74o-00126-00059727-00060435": "must be, because the metés end many hours composing, playing", "aX9ABRie74o-00127-00060435-00060853": "to the end what will listen to the public and all of us is that recording,", "aX9ABRie74o-00128-00060853-00061260": "and it's a shame that it does not pay pay attention to those details,", "aX9ABRie74o-00129-00061260-00061518": "because they ruin you a bit.", "aX9ABRie74o-00130-00061529-00062129": "Sure, later I have two violin records, there is one with Nick Danielson", "aX9ABRie74o-00131-00062129-00062866": "himself there on Spotify. I have one called Marrón y Azul,", "aX9ABRie74o-00132-00062866-00063305": "which was also recorded in a good studio,", "aX9ABRie74o-00133-00063305-00063612": "... it didn't catch your attention.", "aX9ABRie74o-00134-00063612-00063889": "No, Re-encuentro was the one that caught my attention the most.", "aX9ABRie74o-00135-00063889-00064089": "Look you!", "aX9ABRie74o-00136-00064307-00064702": "Incredible, incredible!", "aX9ABRie74o-00137-00064804-00065556": "[Music]"}}, {"audio_id": "aXqenkwvRL0", "text": {"aXqenkwvRL0-00000-00000000-00000546": "we were once called the grizzly before even the Great Britain came into space we used to be the", "aXqenkwvRL0-00001-00000546-00001026": "greatest Zimbabwe I would want to go back and do a Tara research to find out what is it that", "aXqenkwvRL0-00002-00001026-00001494": "made us great then are there any things that are in the past that we can actually learn from into", "aXqenkwvRL0-00003-00001494-00002190": "the present we used to dig gold we used to sell processed gold when they came they were not coming", "aXqenkwvRL0-00004-00002190-00002910": "to dig they were coming for a finished product so the whole issue of trade and Industry and", "aXqenkwvRL0-00005-00002910-00003426": "Etc has always been indigenous and I feel that the present political system seems to undermine", "aXqenkwvRL0-00006-00003426-00003996": "and underplay the knowledge the technology of the indigenous people which is all inculcated", "aXqenkwvRL0-00007-00003996-00004542": "in our cultural expression and if we can go back there and find things we may build the which means", "aXqenkwvRL0-00008-00004542-00005544": "standing which is a house which is Stones if the homes can be established then we can actually have", "aXqenkwvRL0-00009-00005544-00005976": "a nation that is standing founded on the Rocks which are the very interesting history that"}}, {"audio_id": "aXvZrrv0u7c", "text": {"aXvZrrv0u7c-00000-00004610-00004908": "1.in the vacuum state the entire uniform", "aXvZrrv0u7c-00001-00004908-00005336": "wealth is possible by brazing by capillary phenomenon", "aXvZrrv0u7c-00002-00005336-00006036": "2. there is no oxidation film and thermal deformation due to the bonding in the", "aXvZrrv0u7c-00003-00006062-00006218": "vacuum state", "aXvZrrv0u7c-00004-00006244-00006748": "3. it is possible to mass-produce by special welding by", "aXvZrrv0u7c-00005-00006748-00007320": "vacuum brazing and the unit price is cheap more than 60% of the cost can be", "aXvZrrv0u7c-00006-00007320-00007804": "saved compared to conventional special welding", "aXvZrrv0u7c-00007-00007804-00008625": "4. the flow is smooth because there is no dead zone in the plate channel", "aXvZrrv0u7c-00008-00008625-00009130": "5.Operation at high pressure is possible due to contact between plate shapes by", "aXvZrrv0u7c-00009-00009130-00009280": "brazing", "aXvZrrv0u7c-00010-00009434-00009730": "6.Excellent conductivity compared to", "aXvZrrv0u7c-00011-00009750-00010100": "conventional disk heat exchanger", "aXvZrrv0u7c-00012-00011268-00011904": "http://www.frost-defrost.com"}}, {"audio_id": "aXyqua-wJX4", "text": {"aXyqua-wJX4-00000-00000065-00000529": "Good morning class its me mr rodgers and Jim the pug and were here today to teach to you", "aXyqua-wJX4-00001-00000529-00000740": "about cyber bullying.", "aXyqua-wJX4-00002-00000740-00001213": "SO what is cyber bullying cyber bullying is just like normal bullying but it happens in", "aXyqua-wJX4-00003-00001213-00001369": "the online and digital space.", "aXyqua-wJX4-00004-00001369-00002023": "And what are some types of cyber bullying, it might include harassment, sending mean", "aXyqua-wJX4-00005-00002023-00002314": "messages or even threatening.", "aXyqua-wJX4-00006-00002314-00003621": "Here are some other types of cyber bullying that can occur.", "aXyqua-wJX4-00007-00003621-00003984": "So how often does cyber bullying occur?", "aXyqua-wJX4-00008-00003984-00004126": "Does it happen never?", "aXyqua-wJX4-00009-00004126-00004303": "Does it happen a lot?", "aXyqua-wJX4-00010-00004303-00005240": "Well studies show that it happens 1 in 4 kids in Australia and out of those kids only 30%", "aXyqua-wJX4-00011-00005240-00005727": "of them ask a friend for help.", "aXyqua-wJX4-00012-00005727-00006215": "This can lead to a lot emotions and feelings.", "aXyqua-wJX4-00013-00006215-00006480": "If you have experienced cyber bullying you might be experiencing some of these.", "aXyqua-wJX4-00014-00006480-00006856": "But what are some of the other emotions and feelings you might experience?", "aXyqua-wJX4-00015-00006856-00008411": "Some of", "aXyqua-wJX4-00016-00008411-00008806": "you might have actually been cyber bullying someone yourself, you might not have realised", "aXyqua-wJX4-00017-00008806-00009362": "it or you might have be doing it intentionally but the Esafety commissioner has given us", "aXyqua-wJX4-00018-00009362-00009952": "6 steps in ways to reduce that behaviour and be a better member of the community online.", "aXyqua-wJX4-00019-00009952-00010920": "The following slide has these 6 steps.", "aXyqua-wJX4-00020-00010920-00011867": "Just remember that bullying is never ok in any form.", "aXyqua-wJX4-00021-00011867-00012403": "Now for the rest of the lesson today we have a bunch of different things to do we have", "aXyqua-wJX4-00022-00012403-00012863": "got a few websites that you can look through a couple of videos and then i have a game", "aXyqua-wJX4-00023-00012863-00013163": "to help you remember some of those things we have learnt today.", "aXyqua-wJX4-00024-00013163-00013588": "And finally we have a quiz at the end, have fun, bye bye."}}, {"audio_id": "aXe2aT5CkyY", "text": {"aXe2aT5CkyY-00000-00000076-00000183": "WELCOME TO ALL HANDS UPDATE.", "aXe2aT5CkyY-00001-00000183-00000350": "HERE'S WHAT'S HAPPENING AROUND YOUR NAVY.", "aXe2aT5CkyY-00002-00000407-00000600": "CHINA'S PEOPLE'S LIBERATION ARMY-NAVY", "aXe2aT5CkyY-00003-00000600-00000770": "RETURNED THE UNLAWFULLY SEIZED U.S.", "aXe2aT5CkyY-00004-00000770-00001051": "NAVY OCEAN GLIDER UNMANNED UNDERWATER VEHICLE TO THE", "aXe2aT5CkyY-00005-00001051-00001131": "UNITED STATES.", "aXe2aT5CkyY-00006-00001194-00001414": "GUIDED MISSILE DESTROYER USS MUSTIN RECEIVED THE", "aXe2aT5CkyY-00007-00001414-00001518": "VEHICLE FOR THE U.S.", "aXe2aT5CkyY-00008-00001611-00001815": "THE DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE UNVEILED ITS NEW PLAN TO", "aXe2aT5CkyY-00009-00001815-00002005": "BROADEN SEXUAL ASSAULT SUPPORT TO MEN.", "aXe2aT5CkyY-00010-00002085-00002265": "THE PLAN IS DESIGNED TO ENHANCE OUTREACH TO", "aXe2aT5CkyY-00011-00002265-00002462": "MILITARY MEN AND INCREASE EFFORTS TO HELP THEM", "aXe2aT5CkyY-00012-00002462-00002529": "RECOVER.", "aXe2aT5CkyY-00013-00002582-00002786": "THE PLAN'S OBJECTIVES FOCUS ON ENCOURAGING MORE", "aXe2aT5CkyY-00014-00002786-00003059": "MEN TO REPORT THEIR SEXUAL ASSAULT, REFINES SUPPORT", "aXe2aT5CkyY-00015-00003059-00003329": "SERVICES TO ADDRESS MEN'S SPECIFIC NEEDS AND CREATES", "aXe2aT5CkyY-00016-00003329-00003493": "METRICS TO TRACK THE PLANS PROGRESS.", "aXe2aT5CkyY-00017-00003560-00003820": "THE PLAN IS EXPECTED TO BEGIN EARLY 2017.", "aXe2aT5CkyY-00018-00003910-00004120": "DURING CHALLENGING TIMES IT CAN OFTEN BE DIFFICULT", "aXe2aT5CkyY-00019-00004120-00004260": "TO FIND THINGS TO BE THANKFUL FOR.", "aXe2aT5CkyY-00020-00004317-00004564": "WHATEVER YOUR BELIEFS OR VALUES ARE, SPIRITUALITY", "aXe2aT5CkyY-00021-00004564-00004768": "MAY HELP YOU STAY RESILIENT AND CHAPLAINS", "aXe2aT5CkyY-00022-00004768-00004834": "CAN HELP.", "aXe2aT5CkyY-00023-00004888-00005078": "FOR MORE ON MAINTAINING SPIRITUAL FITNESS, CHECK", "aXe2aT5CkyY-00024-00005078-00005185": "OUT THE FITMAS WEBSITE.", "aXe2aT5CkyY-00025-00005258-00005408": "YOU CAN READ MORE ABOUT WHAT'S HAPPENING AROUND", "aXe2aT5CkyY-00026-00005408-00005648": "YOUR NAVY AT NAVY.MIL."}}, {"audio_id": "aXehPWVieM8", "text": {"aXehPWVieM8-00000-00000042-00000423": "We're in Northern California right now where you can see behind me the River fire has burned", "aXehPWVieM8-00001-00000423-00000585": "through part of this property.", "aXehPWVieM8-00002-00000585-00001039": "Law enforcement says wildfire activity can be unpredictable, which is why all Californians", "aXehPWVieM8-00003-00001039-00001450": "should know the difference between an evacuation warning and evacuation order.", "aXehPWVieM8-00004-00001450-00001872": "\"With fire and law enforcement is telling you to leave that's exactly what you need", "aXehPWVieM8-00005-00001872-00001972": "to do.", "aXehPWVieM8-00006-00001972-00002174": "We're only telling them that to protect them.\"", "aXehPWVieM8-00007-00002174-00002678": "An evacuation warning means there's a possible threat to your life or to your property if", "aXehPWVieM8-00008-00002678-00003200": "you need additional time to evacuate or have large livestock this is the time to go.", "aXehPWVieM8-00009-00003200-00003797": "An evacuation order is just that get out now because of an immediate threat to your life.", "aXehPWVieM8-00010-00003797-00004078": "Always remember the saying, \"Don't wait, evacuate!\""}}, {"audio_id": "aXI6YUhv9ag", "text": {"aXI6YUhv9ag-00000-00000182-00000480": "Advocate Ghulam Murtaza Mahar 0324-4010279 Whatsapp", "aXI6YUhv9ag-00002-00000810-00000910": "subscribe", "aXI6YUhv9ag-00008-00002299-00002591": "subscribe", "aXI6YUhv9ag-00016-00004572-00004916": "Advocate Ghulam Murtaza Mahar 0324-4010279 Whatsapp", "aXI6YUhv9ag-00034-00009863-00010162": "Advocate Ghulam Murtaza Mahar 0324-4010279 Whatsapp", "aXI6YUhv9ag-00045-00012684-00012832": "subscribe", "aXI6YUhv9ag-00052-00014618-00014718": "Advocate Ghulam Murtaza Mahar 0324-4010279 Whatsapp", "aXI6YUhv9ag-00070-00019367-00019461": "Advocate Ghulam Murtaza Mahar 0324-4010279 Whatsapp", "aXI6YUhv9ag-00084-00023173-00023461": "Advocate Ghulam Murtaza Mahar 0324-4010279 Whatsapp", "aXI6YUhv9ag-00088-00024228-00024488": "subscribe", "aXI6YUhv9ag-00098-00027240-00027540": "Advocate Ghulam Murtaza Mahar 0324-4010279 Whatsapp", "aXI6YUhv9ag-00107-00029924-00030258": "Advocate Ghulam Murtaza Mahar 0324-4010279 Whatsapp", "aXI6YUhv9ag-00121-00034273-00034495": "Advocate Ghulam Murtaza Mahar 0324-4010279 Whatsapp", "aXI6YUhv9ag-00122-00034495-00034653": "subscribe", "aXI6YUhv9ag-00139-00040210-00040554": "Advocate Ghulam Murtaza Mahar 0324-4010279 Whatsapp", "aXI6YUhv9ag-00153-00044557-00044657": "Advocate Ghulam Murtaza Mahar 0324-4010279 Whatsapp", "aXI6YUhv9ag-00154-00044658-00044934": "subscribe", "aXI6YUhv9ag-00162-00047058-00047258": "Advocate Ghulam Murtaza Mahar 0324-4010279 Whatsapp", "aXI6YUhv9ag-00175-00050924-00051041": "subscribe", "aXI6YUhv9ag-00176-00051177-00051381": "Advocate Ghulam Murtaza Mahar 0324-4010279 Whatsapp", "aXI6YUhv9ag-00187-00054585-00054888": "Advocate Ghulam Murtaza Mahar 0324-4010279 Whatsapp", "aXI6YUhv9ag-00202-00059477-00060008": "subscribe", "aXI6YUhv9ag-00209-00061729-00062062": "Advocate Ghulam Murtaza Mahar 0324-4010279 Whatsapp", "aXI6YUhv9ag-00218-00064116-00064413": "subscribe", "aXI6YUhv9ag-00235-00068758-00068855": "subscribe", "aXI6YUhv9ag-00281-00081535-00081835": "subscribe", "aXI6YUhv9ag-00296-00085771-00086099": "subscribe", "aXI6YUhv9ag-00300-00086982-00087239": "subscribe"}}, {"audio_id": "aXKkhZzNFdy", "text": {"aXKkhZzNFdy-00000-00000000-00001440": "Wellcome To Hon\"ble Narendra Modi ,Prime Minister of India. BY Kobi Md Sarowar Zahan"}}, {"audio_id": "aXL2NxIHQik", "text": {"aXL2NxIHQik-00000-00000259-00000965": "They're probably the most recognizable fossils in the world. Flat segmented bodies bristling with antennae and legs.", "aXL2NxIHQik-00001-00000973-00001242": "They're what we think of when we think of life in the ancient sea.", "aXL2NxIHQik-00002-00001251-00001871": "But trilobites are famous not just because they were so beautifully functional or because they happened to preserve so well.", "aXL2NxIHQik-00003-00001876-00002172": "They're known the world over because they were everywhere.", "aXL2NxIHQik-00004-00002472-00002884": "For more than 270 million years trilobites thrived all over the planet,", "aXL2NxIHQik-00005-00002904-00003620": "scouring the ocean floor from Siberia to Morocco and Canada to Australia. In their time they were the planet's most", "aXL2NxIHQik-00006-00003665-00004006": "successful and possibly its most abundant animal until", "aXL2NxIHQik-00007-00004024-00004126": "...they weren't.", "aXL2NxIHQik-00008-00004132-00004590": "The trouble with trilobites is pretty much the same trouble we have with understanding", "aXL2NxIHQik-00009-00004590-00005188": "why any animal that was once so abundant can totally disappear because trilobites were survivors.", "aXL2NxIHQik-00010-00005230-00005550": "The history of these creatures shows that they practically invented", "aXL2NxIHQik-00011-00005570-00006060": "survival in order for them to finally go extinct and leave no direct descendants.", "aXL2NxIHQik-00012-00006078-00006422": "Nature had to try to kill them like four different times.", "aXL2NxIHQik-00013-00006625-00006890": "Let's start about 540 million years ago,", "aXL2NxIHQik-00014-00006890-00007541": "just before the dawn of the Cambrian period. Back then all life on Earth was in the sea and most of it was", "aXL2NxIHQik-00015-00007564-00007826": "squishy like sponges, worms, and jellies.", "aXL2NxIHQik-00016-00007836-00008258": "Yes, there were some mollusks and simple shelled creatures like brachiopods.", "aXL2NxIHQik-00017-00008275-00008618": "But by and large if you were an animal you didn't have to worry about protecting", "aXL2NxIHQik-00018-00008643-00009401": "yourself from predators. Then about five hundred and twenty-one million years ago the first known trilobites appeared in what is now Siberia.", "aXL2NxIHQik-00019-00009439-00010109": "They may have evolved from small thick-skinned segmented worms like spriggina, which I gotta say do seem to share a family resemblance.", "aXL2NxIHQik-00020-00010110-00010544": "But, trilobites took the benefits of physical complexity much further.", "aXL2NxIHQik-00021-00010552-00011253": "How much further? Well, they had legs for one thing, and they developed complex eyes and a sophisticated digestive system. Plus,", "aXL2NxIHQik-00022-00011253-00011543": "they were covered from their rounded heads to their many", "aXL2NxIHQik-00023-00011557-00012077": "segmented feet in an exoskeleton made of calcite and chitin. The trilobite was a true", "aXL2NxIHQik-00024-00012109-00012696": "arthropod; a founding member of the group that includes today's arachnids and crustaceans and every insect.", "aXL2NxIHQik-00025-00012724-00013110": "And equipped with all of these awesome new features it dominated the Cambrian seas;", "aXL2NxIHQik-00026-00013144-00013569": "feasting on a diet of worms and other unprotected invertebrates, it flourished and", "aXL2NxIHQik-00027-00013588-00014326": "diversified quickly. Within 40 million years of its first appearance in the fossil record, there were at least 60 different taxonomic families of trilobites", "aXL2NxIHQik-00028-00014358-00014574": "ranging from the googly-eyed asaphus", "aXL2NxIHQik-00029-00014574-00014736": "To the familiar elrathia,", "aXL2NxIHQik-00030-00014736-00015174": "probably the most common trilobite found in the U.S. today. For millions of generations", "aXL2NxIHQik-00031-00015199-00015699": "they thrived by laying low on the ocean floor, but the seas the Cambrian were becoming increasingly hostile.", "aXL2NxIHQik-00032-00015760-00016550": "The Cambrian, after all, was when predation first appeared on Earth, with animals hunting other animals, and trilobites", "aXL2NxIHQik-00033-00016570-00017244": "left behind lots of fossils with bite marks on them to show it. But by the time the Cambrian came to a close, trilobites, like", "aXL2NxIHQik-00034-00017244-00017636": "many other animals had picked up some new tricks. The cutest of them", "aXL2NxIHQik-00035-00017668-00018201": "... enrolling.  Judging by the segmentation of their bodies, some kinds of trilos like the genus flexicalymene,", "aXL2NxIHQik-00036-00018217-00018839": "developed the ability to curl themselves up into little balls like Modern pill bugs or armadillos do, in addition to probably being", "aXL2NxIHQik-00037-00018865-00019257": "adorable, it made it harder for new-fangled predators to sink their teeth into them.", "aXL2NxIHQik-00038-00019257-00019691": "But, not all the threats to our little armoured friends came from other animals.", "aXL2NxIHQik-00039-00019969-00020070": "Starting around", "aXL2NxIHQik-00040-00020070-00020492": "445 million Years ago, Earth's climate dealt a double blow to life in the seas.", "aXL2NxIHQik-00041-00020509-00021264": "First, a dramatic cooling changed the ocean currents and choked off the supply of warm water foods like algae. Then a period of glaciation", "aXL2NxIHQik-00042-00021289-00021983": "Locked up lots of Earth's water, which dramatically lowered sea levels. This twofold impact known as the Ordovician-Silurian Extinction,", "aXL2NxIHQik-00043-00022006-00022166": "wiped out about", "aXL2NxIHQik-00044-00022166-00022328": "25% of all", "aXL2NxIHQik-00045-00022330-00022447": "taxonomic families,", "aXL2NxIHQik-00046-00022447-00023204": "including about half of trilobite families. The families of trilobites that remained were mostly ones that were well adapted to this new world like Dalmanites,", "aXL2NxIHQik-00047-00023204-00023996": "which fared well in cooler seas. Then, of course, trilobites had another problem to deal with. As the environment continued to change,", "aXL2NxIHQik-00048-00024020-00024500": "other organisms had to survive too, under constant evolutionary pressure to adapt or die.", "aXL2NxIHQik-00049-00024514-00025152": "The new adaptations that had come about during the Cambrian, like pincers, spikes, and claws, were really starting to come in handy.", "aXL2NxIHQik-00050-00025170-00025350": "But there was one adaptation that", "aXL2NxIHQik-00051-00025350-00025546": "may have been trilobites kryptonite", "aXL2NxIHQik-00052-00025546-00025668": "...jaws.", "aXL2NxIHQik-00053-00025674-00026250": "About 420 million years ago, the first jawed fish appeared and some experts think that these new predators put", "aXL2NxIHQik-00054-00026256-00026886": "even a more evolutionary pressure on the trilobites. Sure enough, about 20 million years after the first appearance of jaws, new", "aXL2NxIHQik-00055-00026911-00027614": "variations of spiny, spiky trilobites started showing up in the fossil record, like Dicranurus here prickling with curved spines.", "aXL2NxIHQik-00056-00027619-00028416": "But Earth's environment had still more surprises in store, starting around 375 million years ago when...well we don't know what happened exactly.", "aXL2NxIHQik-00057-00028452-00029210": "But we do know what the results were, suddenly big swaths of carbon rich sediments were laid down and oxygen levels in the water", "aXL2NxIHQik-00058-00029236-00029894": "started to drop. Reef communities began to collapse, and those new fish with jaws managed to get by as did new life forms on land", "aXL2NxIHQik-00059-00029894-00030449": "like plants and insects. But, most jawless bottom feeders, including the trilobites, vanished.", "aXL2NxIHQik-00060-00030597-00031115": "In the end, this series of unfortunate events known as the Late Devonian Extinction wiped out about", "aXL2NxIHQik-00061-00031162-00031658": "20% of the animal families in the sea, including all but four families of trilobites.", "aXL2NxIHQik-00062-00031687-00032267": "The trilos were on the ropes and the final blow came with the greatest die-off in Earth's history.", "aXL2NxIHQik-00063-00032370-00032738": "252 million years ago something changed radically in our planet's atmosphere.", "aXL2NxIHQik-00064-00032797-00033320": "Some scientists think it was an asteroid impact. Others point out that it was also a time of tremendous", "aXL2NxIHQik-00065-00033358-00033971": "volcanic activity. And on top of that, Earth's landmasses were changing, which altered climate patterns yet again.", "aXL2NxIHQik-00066-00033971-00034514": "Whatever came knocking for the trilobites, it came quickly. Within probably less than a million years,", "aXL2NxIHQik-00067-00034549-00035078": "70% of the species on land were gone and 95% of those in the sea,", "aXL2NxIHQik-00068-00035125-00035513": "including the last surviving species of trilobites. It took the worst", "aXL2NxIHQik-00069-00035550-00036086": "catastrophe in the history of life on Earth to wipe out the trilobites; an event known as The Great Dying.", "aXL2NxIHQik-00070-00036127-00036261": "Now it may not sound like it,", "aXL2NxIHQik-00071-00036261-00036915": "but the tale of the trilobites is really the first success story for the entire animal kingdom. Sure they're gone now,", "aXL2NxIHQik-00072-00036915-00037105": "but at the time they were the most", "aXL2NxIHQik-00073-00037105-00037794": "advanced animal the world had ever seen, and they went on to become one of the most diverse groups of extinct organisms on record;", "aXL2NxIHQik-00074-00037794-00037944": "with over", "aXL2NxIHQik-00075-00037944-00038165": "15,000 described species. And they", "aXL2NxIHQik-00076-00038188-00038885": "survived for way longer than many other types of animals. They were around longer than the non-avian dinosaurs and longer than mammals have been", "aXL2NxIHQik-00077-00038925-00039395": "...including us. So the question to ask about trilobites might not be why they went extinct,", "aXL2NxIHQik-00078-00039396-00039776": "but how managed to endure for so long. After all, today", "aXL2NxIHQik-00079-00039776-00040405": "we are one of the planet's most successful animals, so the trilobites troubles may someday be our own."}}, {"audio_id": "aXQ9Y5-ur98", "text": {"aXQ9Y5-ur98-00000-00000000-00000602": "Hi, I'm John Green, this is Crash Course U.S. History, and today, we're going to talk about slavery, which is not funny.", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00001-00000602-00001008": "Yeah, so we put a lei on the eagle to try and cheer you up, but let's face it, this is going to be depressing.", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00002-00001008-00001436": "With slavery, every time you think, like, \"Aw, it couldn't have been that bad,\" it turns out to have been much worse.", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00003-00001436-00001592": "Mr. Green, Mr. Green! But what about –", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00004-00001592-00002064": "Yeah, Me from the Past, I'm going to stop you right there, because you're going to embarrass yourself. Slavery was hugely important to America.", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00005-00002064-00002910": "I mean, it led to a civil war and it also lasted what, at least in U.S. history, counts as a long-ass time, from 1619 to 1865.", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00006-00002910-00003508": "And yes, I know there's a 1200-year-old church in your neighborhood in Denmark, but we're not talking about Denmark!", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00007-00003508-00003852": "But slavery is most important because we still struggle with its legacy.", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00008-00003852-00004242": "So, yes, today's episode will probably not be funny, but it will be important.", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00009-00004242-00005104": "[Theme Music]", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00010-00005104-00005722": "So the slave-based economy in the South is sometimes characterized as having been separate from the Market Revolution, but that's not really the case.", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00011-00005722-00006490": "Without southern cotton, the North wouldn't have been able to industrialize, at least not as quickly, because cotton textiles were one of the first industrially products.", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00012-00006490-00007184": "And the most important commodity in world trade by the nineteenth century, and 3/4 of the world's cotton came from the American South.", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00013-00007184-00007880": "And speaking of cotton, why has no one mentioned to me that my collar has been half popped this entire episode, like I'm trying to recreate the Flying Nun's hat.", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00014-00007880-00008612": "And although there were increasingly fewer slaves in the North as northern states outlawed slavery, cotton shipments overseas made northern merchants rich.", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00015-00008612-00008982": "Northern bankers financed the purchase of land for plantations.", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00016-00008982-00009598": "Northern insurance companies insured slaves who were, after all, considered property, and very valuable property.", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00017-00009598-00010512": "And in addition to turning cotton into cloth for sale overseas, northern manufacturers sold cloth back to the South, where it was used to clothe the very slaves who had cultivated it.", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00018-00010512-00010920": "But certainly the most prominent effects of the slave-based economy were seen in the South.", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00019-00010920-00011600": "The profitability of slaved-based agriculture, especially King Cotton, meant that the South would remain largely agricultural and rural.", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00020-00011600-00012036": "Slave states were home to a few cities, like St. Louis and Baltimore, but with the exception of New Orleans,", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00021-00012036-00012626": "almost all southern urbanization took place in the upper South, further away from the large cotton plantations.", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00022-00012626-00013122": "And slave-based agriculture was so profitable that it siphoned money away from other economic endeavors.", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00023-00013122-00013330": "Like, there was very little industry in the South.", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00024-00013330-00013622": "It produced only 10% of the nation's manufactured goods.", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00025-00013622-00014388": "And, as most of the capital was being plowed into the purchase of slaves, there was very little room for technological innovation, like, for instance, railroads.", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00026-00014388-00014776": "This lack of industry and railroads would eventually make the South suck at the Civil War, thankfully.", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00027-00014776-00015508": "In short, slavery dominated the South, shaping it both economically and culturally, and slavery wasn't a minor aspect of American society.", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00028-00015508-00016212": "By 1860, there were four million slaves in the U.S., and in the South, they made up one third of the total population.", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00029-00016212-00016732": "Although in the popular imagination, most plantations were these sprawling affairs with hundreds of slaves,", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00030-00016732-00017120": "in reality, the majority of slaveholders owned five or fewer slaves.", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00031-00017120-00017756": "And, of course, most white people in the South owned no slaves at all, though, if they could afford to, they would sometimes rent slaves to help with their work.", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00032-00017756-00018404": "These were the so-called yeoman farmers who lived self-sufficiently, raised their own food, and purchased very little in the Market Economy.", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00033-00018404-00018822": "They worked the poorest land and, as a result, were mostly pretty poor themselves.", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00034-00018822-00019828": "But even they largely supported slavery, partly, perhaps, for aspirational reasons, and partly because the racism inherent to the system gave even the poorest whites legal and social status.", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00035-00019828-00020370": "And southern intellectuals worked hard to encourage these ideas of white solidarity and to make the case for slavery.", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00036-00020370-00020936": "Many of the founders, a bunch of whom you'll remember, held slaves, saw slavery as a necessary evil.", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00037-00020936-00021728": "Jefferson once wrote, quote, \"As it is, we have the wolf by the ear, and we can neither hold him, nor safely let him go.", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00038-00021728-00022138": "Justice is on one scale, and self-preservation in the other.\"", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00039-00022138-00022774": "The belief that justice and self-preservation couldn't sit on the same side of the scale was really opposed to the American idea,", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00040-00022774-00023008": "and, in the end, it would make the Civil War inevitable.", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00041-00023008-00023538": "But as slavery became more entrenched in these ideas of liberty and political equality were embraced by more people,", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00042-00023538-00023952": "some southerners began to make the case that slavery wasn't just a necessary evil.", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00043-00023952-00024310": "They argued, for instance, that slaves benefited from slavery.", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00044-00024310-00024770": "Because, you know, because their masters fed them and clothed them and took care of them in their old age.", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00045-00024770-00024976": "You still hear this argument today, astonishingly.", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00046-00024976-00025234": "In fact, you'll probably see asshats in the comments saying that in the comments.", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00047-00025234-00025592": "I will remind you, it's not cursing if you are referring to an actual ass.", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00048-00025592-00026602": "This paternalism allowed masters to see themselves as benevolent and to contrast their family-oriented slavery with the cold, mercenary Capitalism of the free-labor North.", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00049-00026602-00027331": "So yeah, in the face of rising criticism of slavery, some southerners began to argue that the institution was actually good for the social order.", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00050-00027331-00028054": "One of the best-known proponents of this view was John C. Calhoun, who, in 1837, said this in a speech on the Senate floor:", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00051-00028054-00028345": "\"I hold that, in the present state of civilization,", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00052-00028345-00029136": "where two races of different origin and distinguished by color and other physical differences as well as intellectual, are brought together,", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00053-00029136-00029995": "the relation now existing in the slave-holding states between the two is, instead of an evil, a good. A positive good.\"", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00054-00029995-00030456": "Now, of course, John C. Calhoun was a fringe politician, and nobody took his views particularly seriously.", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00055-00030456-00030752": "Stan: Well, he was Secretary of State from 1844 to 1845.", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00056-00030752-00031018": "John: Well, I mean, who really cares about the Secretary of State, Stan?", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00057-00031018-00031358": "Danica: Eh, he was also Secretary of War from 1817 to 1825.", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00058-00031358-00031623": "John: All right, but we don't even have a Secretary of War anymore, so...", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00059-00031623-00031930": "Meredith: And he was Vice President from 1825 to 1832.", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00060-00031930-00032189": "John: Oh my god, were we insane?!", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00061-00032189-00032862": "We were, of course, but we justified the insanity with Biblical passages and with the examples of the Greeks and Romans,", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00062-00032862-00033362": "and with outright racism, arguing that black people were inherently inferior to whites.", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00063-00033362-00033756": "And that not to keep them in slavery would upset the natural order of things.", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00064-00033756-00034249": "A worldview popularized millennia ago by my nemesis, Aristotle. God, I hate Aristotle.", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00065-00034249-00034436": "You know what defenders of Aristotle always say?", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00066-00034436-00034752": "\"He was the first person to identify dolphins.\"", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00067-00034752-00035040": "Well, ok, dolphin identifier.", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00068-00035040-00035362": "Yes, that is what he should be remembered for, but he's a terrible philosopher!", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00069-00035362-00035512": "Here's the truth about slavery:", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00070-00035512-00036018": "It was coerced labor that relied upon intimidation and brutality and dehumanization.", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00071-00036018-00036304": "And this wasn't just a cultural system, it was a legal one.", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00072-00036304-00036986": "I mean, Louisiana law proclaimed that a slave \"owes his master... a respect without bounds, and an absolute obedience.\"", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00073-00036986-00037268": "The signal feature of slaves' lives was work.", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00074-00037268-00038030": "I mean, conditions and tasks varied, but all slaves labored, usually from sunup to sundown, and almost always without any pay.", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00075-00038030-00038537": "Most slaves worked in agriculture on plantations, and conditions were different, depending on which crops are grown.", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00076-00038537-00038946": "Like, slaves on the rice plantations of South Carolina had terrible working conditions,", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00077-00038946-00039658": "but they labored under the task system, which meant that once they had completed their allotted daily work, they would have time to do other things.", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00078-00039658-00040296": "But lest you imagine this is like how we have work and leisure time, bear in mind that they were owned and treated as property.", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00079-00040296-00040988": "On cotton plantations, most slaves worked in gangs, usually under the control of an overseer, or another slave who was called a \"driver.\"", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00080-00040988-00041888": "This was back-breaking work done in the southern sun and humidity, and so it's not surprising that whippings – or the threat of them –  were often necessary to get slaves to work.", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00081-00041888-00042348": "It's easy enough to talk about the brutality of slave discipline, but it can be difficult to internalize it.", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00082-00042348-00042946": "Like, you look at these pictures, but because you've seen them over and over again, they don't have the power they once might have.", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00083-00042946-00043464": "The pictures can tell a story about cruelty, but they don't necessarily communicate how arbitrary it all was.", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00084-00043464-00043870": "As, for example, in this story, told by a woman who was a slave as a young girl:", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00085-00043870-00044284": "\"[The] overseer... went to my father one morning and said, \"Bob, I'm gonna whip you this morning.\"", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00086-00044284-00044810": "Daddy said, \"I ain't done nothing,\" and he said, \"I know it, I'm going to whip you to keep you from doing nothing,\"", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00087-00044810-00045376": "and he hit him with that cowhide – you know it would cut the blood out of you with every lick if they hit you hard.\"", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00088-00045376-00046312": "That brutality – the whippings, the brandings, the rape – was real, and it was intentional, because, in order for slavery to function, slaves had to be dehumanized.", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00089-00046312-00047174": "This enabled slaveholders to rationalize what they were doing, and it was hoped to reduce slaves to the animal property that is implied by the term \"chattel slavery.\"", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00090-00047174-00047756": "So the idea was that slaveholders wouldn't think of their slaves as human, and slaves wouldn't think of themselves as human.", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00091-00047756-00047982": "But it didn't work. Let's go to the Thought Bubble.", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00092-00047982-00048530": "Slaves' resistance to their dehumanization took many forms, but the primary way was by forming families.", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00093-00048530-00049092": "Family was a refuge for slaves and a source of dignity that masters recognized and sought to stifle.", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00094-00049092-00049536": "A paternalistic slave owner named Bennet H. Barrow wrote in his rules for the Highland Plantation:", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00095-00049536-00050350": "\"No rule that I have stated is of more importance than that relating to Negroes marrying outside of the plantation... It creates a feeling of independence.\"", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00096-00050350-00050852": "Most slaves did marry, usually for life, and, when possible, slaves grew up in two-parent households.", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00097-00050852-00051274": "Single-parent households were common, though, as a result of one parent being sold.", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00098-00051274-00052002": "In the upper South, where the economy was shifting from tobacco to different, less labor-intensive cash crops, the sale of slaves was common.", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00099-00052002-00052504": "Perhaps one-third of slave marriages in states like Virginia were broken up by sale.", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00100-00052504-00052764": "Religion was also an important part of life in slavery.", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00101-00052764-00053240": "While masters wanted their slaves to learn the parts of the Bible that talked about being happy in bondage,", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00102-00053240-00053755": "slave worship tended to focus on the stories of Exodus, where Moses brought the slaves out of bondage,", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00103-00053755-00054154": "or Biblical heroes, who overcame great odds, like Daniel and David.", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00104-00054154-00054758": "And, although most slaves were forbidden to learn to read and write, many did anyway. And some became preachers.", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00105-00054758-00055340": "Slave preachers were often very charismatic leaders, and they roused the suspicion of slave owners, and not without reason.", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00106-00055340-00055658": "Two of the most important slave uprisings in the South were led by preachers.", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00107-00055658-00055774": "Thanks, Thought Bubble.", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00108-00055774-00055945": "Oh, it's time for the Mystery Document?", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00109-00055945-00056446": "We're doing two set pieces in a row? All right. [buzzing noise] [music]", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00110-00056446-00056654": "The rules here are simple.", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00111-00056654-00056901": "I wanted to re-shoot that, but Stan said no.", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00112-00056901-00057079": "I guess the author of the Mystery Document.", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00113-00057079-00057315": "If I am wrong, I get shocked with the shock pen.", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00114-00057315-00058079": "\"Since I have been in the Queen's dominions I have been well contented, yes well contented for sure, man is as God intended he should be.", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00115-00058079-00058370": "That is, all are born free and equal.", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00116-00058370-00058926": "This is a wholesome law, not like the southern laws which puts man made in the image of God on level with brutes.", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00117-00058926-00059357": "O, what will become of the people, and where will they stand in the day of judgment.", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00118-00059357-00059905": "Would that the 5th verse of the 3rd chapter of Malachi were written as with a bar of iron,", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00119-00059905-00060605": "and the point of a diamond upon every oppressor's heart that they might repent of this evil, and let the oppressed go free...\"", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00120-00060605-00061054": "All right, it's definitely a preacher, because only preachers have read Malachi.", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00121-00061054-00061346": "Probably African American, probably not someone from the South.", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00122-00061346-00061808": "I'm going to guess that it is Richard Allen, the founder of the African Methodist Episcopal Church?", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00123-00061808-00061991": "[buzzing noise] DAAAH, DANG IT!", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00124-00061991-00062450": "It's Joseph Taper, and Stan just pointed out to me that I should have known it was Joseph Taper because it starts out,", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00125-00062450-00062728": "\"Since I have been in the Queen's dominions...\"", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00126-00062728-00063188": "He was in Canada. He escaped slavery to Canada. The Queen's dominions!", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00127-00063188-00063644": "All right, Canadians, I blame you for this, although, thank you for abolishing slavery decades before we did.", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00128-00063644-00063758": "[electric sounds] AHHH!", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00129-00063758-00064222": "So, the Mystery Document shows one of the primary ways that slaves resisted their oppression: by running away.", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00130-00064222-00064722": "Although some slaves like Joseph Taper escaped for good by running away to northern free states,", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00131-00064722-00065582": "or even to Canada, where they wouldn't have to worry about fugitive slave laws, even more slaves ran away temporarily, hiding out in the woods or the swamps, and eventually returning.", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00132-00065582-00066166": "No one knows exactly how many slaves escaped to freedom, but the best estimate is that a thousand or so a year made the journey northward.", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00133-00066166-00066768": "Most fugitive slaves were young men, but the most famous runaway has been hanging out behind me all day long: Harriet Tubman.", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00134-00066768-00067738": "Harriet Tubman escaped to Philadelphia at the age of 29, and over the course of her life, she made about 20 trips back to Maryland to help friends and relatives make the journey north on the Underground Railroad.", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00135-00067738-00068242": "But a more dramatic form of resistance to slavery was actual, armed rebellion, which was attempted.", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00136-00068242-00068796": "Now, individuals sometimes took matters into their own hands and beat or even killed their white overseers or masters.", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00137-00068796-00069378": "Like Bob, the guy who received the arbitrary beating, responded to it by killing his overseer with a hoe.", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00138-00069378-00069680": "But that said, large-scale slave uprisings were relatively rare.", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00139-00069680-00070104": "The four most famous ones all took place in a 35-year period at the beginning of the 19th century.", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00140-00070104-00070591": "Gabriel's Rebellion in 1800 – which we've talked about before – was discovered before he was able to carry out his plot.", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00141-00070591-00071236": "Then, in 1811, a group of slaves upriver from New Orleans seized cane, knives, and guns, and marched on the city before militia stopped them.", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00142-00071236-00071946": "And in 1822, Denmark Vesey, a former slave who had purchased his freedom, may have organized a plot to destroy Charleston, South Carolina.", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00143-00071946-00072548": "I say \"may have\" because the evidence against him is disputed and comes from a trial that was not fair.", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00144-00072548-00072960": "But regardless, the end result of that trial was that he was executed, as were 34 slaves.", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00145-00072960-00073568": "But the most successful slave rebellion, at least in the sense that they actually killed some people, was Nat Turner's in August 1831.", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00146-00073568-00074138": "Turner was a preacher, and with a group of about 80 slaves, he marched from farm to farm in South Hampton County, Virginia,", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00147-00074138-00074710": "killing the inhabitants, most of whom were women and children, because the men were attending a religious revival meeting in North Carolina.", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00148-00074710-00075456": "Turner and 17 other rebels were captured and executed, but not before they struck terror into the hearts of whites all across the American South.", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00149-00075456-00076232": "Virginia's response was to make slavery worse, passing even harsher laws that forbade slaves from preaching, and prohibited teaching them to read.", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00150-00076232-00076772": "Other slave states followed Virginia's lead and, by the 1830s, slavery had grown, if anything, more harsh.", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00151-00076772-00077562": "So, this shows that large-scaled armed resistance was – Django Unchained aside – not just suicidal, but also a threat to loved ones and, really, to all slaves.", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00152-00077562-00077992": "But, it is hugely important to emphasize that slaves did resist their oppression.", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00153-00077992-00078366": "Sometimes this meant taking up arms, but usually it meant more subtle forms of resistance,", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00154-00078366-00078884": "like intentional work slowdowns or sabotaging equipment, or pretending not to understand instructions.", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00155-00078884-00079606": "And, most importantly, in the face of systematic legal and cultural degradation, they re-affirmed their humanity through family and through faith.", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00156-00079606-00079752": "Why is this so important?", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00157-00079752-00080164": "Because too often in America, we still talk about slaves as if they failed to rise up,", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00158-00080164-00080608": "when, in fact, rising up would not have made life better for them or for their families.", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00159-00080608-00081448": "The truth is, sometimes carving out an identity as a human being in a social order that is constantly seeking to dehumanize you, is the most powerful form of resistance.", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00160-00081448-00082514": "Refusing to become the chattel that their masters believed them to be is what made slavery untenable and the Civil War inevitable, so make no mistake, slaves fought back.", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00161-00082514-00082822": "And in the end, they won. I'll see you next week.", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00162-00082822-00083076": "Crash Course is produced and directed by Stan Muller.", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00163-00083077-00083225": "The script supervisor is Meredith Danko.", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00164-00083225-00083416": "Our associate producer is Danica Johnson.", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00165-00083416-00083706": "The show is written by my high school history teacher Raoul Meyer and myself.", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00166-00083706-00083877": "And our graphics team is Thought Cafe.", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00167-00083878-00084414": "Every week, there's a new caption to the Libertage, but today's episode was so sad that we couldn't fit a Libertage in...", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00168-00084414-00084828": "UNTIL NOW! [Libertage Rock Music]", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00169-00084828-00085370": "Suggest Libertage caption in comments, where you can also ask questions about today's video that will be answered by our team of historians.", "aXQ9Y5-ur98-00170-00085370-00085810": "Thanks for watching Crash Course, and as we say in my home town, don't forget to be abolitionist."}}, {"audio_id": "aYA6B-dYNUU", "text": {"aYA6B-dYNUU-00000-00000017-00000556": "The typical stress-strain curve for a ductile material, which is obtained by performing", "aYA6B-dYNUU-00001-00000556-00000961": "a tensile test, looks something like this.", "aYA6B-dYNUU-00002-00000961-00001249": "But this curve is just an approximation!", "aYA6B-dYNUU-00003-00001249-00001657": "It doesn’t represent the actual stress or strain in the test piece during", "aYA6B-dYNUU-00004-00001660-00001854": "the tensile test.", "aYA6B-dYNUU-00005-00001854-00002339": "In this video we're going to talk about true stress and true strain.", "aYA6B-dYNUU-00006-00002339-00002911": "In the typical stress-strain curve, stress is defined as the applied force divided by", "aYA6B-dYNUU-00007-00002911-00003278": "the initial cross-sectional area of the test specimen.", "aYA6B-dYNUU-00008-00003278-00003857": "And strain is defined as the change in specimen length divided by the initial length.", "aYA6B-dYNUU-00009-00003857-00004332": "These stress and strain values are actually just approximations of the true stress and", "aYA6B-dYNUU-00010-00004332-00004507": "strain in the specimen.", "aYA6B-dYNUU-00011-00004507-00005148": "We call them engineering stress and engineering strain, and denote them using the subscript E.", "aYA6B-dYNUU-00012-00005148-00005601": "This curve is known as the engineering stress-strain curve.", "aYA6B-dYNUU-00013-00005601-00006089": "To determine the true stress and strain values we would need to consider the fact that the", "aYA6B-dYNUU-00014-00006089-00006520": "dimensions of the specimen change throughout the duration of the test.", "aYA6B-dYNUU-00015-00006520-00006954": "If we were to measure the true stress and strain, our stress-strain curve would look", "aYA6B-dYNUU-00016-00006954-00007202": "something like this.", "aYA6B-dYNUU-00017-00007409-00007901": "You can differentiate a true curve from an engineering curve by noting that the engineering", "aYA6B-dYNUU-00018-00007901-00008612": "curve drops after necking, whereas the true curve is always increasing.", "aYA6B-dYNUU-00019-00008612-00009106": "Remember that necking is the rapid reduction in the cross-sectional area of the test piece,", "aYA6B-dYNUU-00020-00009106-00009629": "which begins when the engineering curve reaches its maximum value, which is the ultimate tensile", "aYA6B-dYNUU-00021-00009630-00009882": "strength of the material.", "aYA6B-dYNUU-00022-00010234-00010776": "So, if they do not accurately reflect the true stress and strain in the test specimen,", "aYA6B-dYNUU-00023-00010776-00011378": "why do engineers commonly use engineering curves instead of true curves?", "aYA6B-dYNUU-00024-00011378-00011614": "Well there are two main reasons.", "aYA6B-dYNUU-00025-00011614-00012122": "Firstly, it's quite difficult to measure the instantaneous cross-sectional area during", "aYA6B-dYNUU-00026-00012122-00012918": "a tensile test, and so most of the time we just don't have the true stress-strain curves.", "aYA6B-dYNUU-00027-00013348-00013877": "And secondly, most of the time we are only analysing or designing things which deform", "aYA6B-dYNUU-00028-00013877-00014145": "within the elastic region.", "aYA6B-dYNUU-00029-00014145-00014774": "As you can see here, the engineering and true curves are very similar for small strain values.", "aYA6B-dYNUU-00030-00014774-00015206": "But for cases where we have large plastic deformation, the difference between the two", "aYA6B-dYNUU-00031-00015206-00015503": "curves becomes significant.", "aYA6B-dYNUU-00032-00015503-00016013": "This is in large part due to the sudden reduction in the cross-sectional area of the test piece", "aYA6B-dYNUU-00033-00016013-00016221": "when necking occurs.", "aYA6B-dYNUU-00034-00016221-00016712": "When assessing cases where we have significant plastic deformation, it becomes important", "aYA6B-dYNUU-00035-00016712-00017014": "to use the true stress-strain curves.", "aYA6B-dYNUU-00036-00017014-00017432": "Examples of this might be the analysis of manufacturing processes,", "aYA6B-dYNUU-00037-00017432-00017993": "or performing finite element analysis which models large strains.", "aYA6B-dYNUU-00038-00017993-00018487": "By making a few assumptions we can calculate the true stress-strain curve based on the", "aYA6B-dYNUU-00039-00018487-00018994": "engineering curve, and so we can avoid having to measure the instantaneous cross-sectional", "aYA6B-dYNUU-00040-00018994-00019321": "area during the tensile test.", "aYA6B-dYNUU-00041-00019321-00019865": "Unlike engineering stress, which is calculated by dividing the applied force by the initial", "aYA6B-dYNUU-00042-00019865-00020493": "cross-sectional area of the test piece, true stress is calculated by dividing by the instantaneous", "aYA6B-dYNUU-00043-00020493-00020865": "cross-sectional area at each instant throughout the test.", "aYA6B-dYNUU-00044-00020865-00021324": "It accounts for the fact that the cross-sectional area of the test piece is changing as the", "aYA6B-dYNUU-00045-00021324-00021572": "test is performed.", "aYA6B-dYNUU-00046-00021572-00022007": "We can adjust this equation for true stress by assuming that the volume of the test piece", "aYA6B-dYNUU-00047-00022007-00022191": "remains constant.", "aYA6B-dYNUU-00048-00022191-00022665": "This assumption is valid in the elastic region of the stress-strain curve because any volume", "aYA6B-dYNUU-00049-00022665-00022962": "changes in the elastic region will be small.", "aYA6B-dYNUU-00050-00022962-00023354": "And it is valid in the plastic region of the curve because materials are considered to", "aYA6B-dYNUU-00051-00023354-00023682": "be incompressible during plastic deformation.", "aYA6B-dYNUU-00052-00023682-00024362": "I talk more about material incompressibility in my video on Poisson’s Ratio.", "aYA6B-dYNUU-00053-00024362-00024856": "If volume remains constant, the product of the instantaneous area and the instantaneous", "aYA6B-dYNUU-00054-00024856-00025323": "length is equal to the product of the original area and the original length.", "aYA6B-dYNUU-00055-00025323-00025876": "But it is important to know that this assumption is not valid after necking has occurred, because", "aYA6B-dYNUU-00056-00025876-00026179": "of the associated change in the cross-sectional area.", "aYA6B-dYNUU-00057-00026179-00026642": "Beyond necking we would need to base the true stress on actual measurements", "aYA6B-dYNUU-00058-00026642-00026856": "of the cross-sectional area.", "aYA6B-dYNUU-00059-00026856-00027327": "But anyway, we can re-arrange this equation so that instantaneous area is on the left", "aYA6B-dYNUU-00060-00027327-00027877": "hand side, and then substitute it into our equation for true stress.", "aYA6B-dYNUU-00061-00027877-00028340": "The definition of engineering strain is that it is the change in length divided by the", "aYA6B-dYNUU-00062-00028340-00028511": "original length.", "aYA6B-dYNUU-00063-00028511-00028988": "We can re-arrange this equation to the form, L divided by L0, minus one.", "aYA6B-dYNUU-00064-00028988-00029450": "And we can use this to obtain an equation for true stress which is a function of the", "aYA6B-dYNUU-00065-00029450-00029906": "engineering stress and engineering strain, both of which can easily be obtained from", "aYA6B-dYNUU-00066-00029906-00030233": "a tensile test.", "aYA6B-dYNUU-00067-00030664-00031008": "Now let's derive an equation for true strain.", "aYA6B-dYNUU-00068-00031008-00031480": "True strain needs to consider the fact that the original length of the specimen is continuously", "aYA6B-dYNUU-00069-00031480-00031947": "changing at each instant throughout the duration of the tensile test.", "aYA6B-dYNUU-00070-00031947-00032413": "We could calculate it by splitting the tensile test into increments, and calculating the", "aYA6B-dYNUU-00071-00032413-00033147": "change in strain at each increment based on the length at the start and end of the increment.", "aYA6B-dYNUU-00072-00033148-00033642": "In this example I will consider three increments.", "aYA6B-dYNUU-00073-00034418-00034937": "The increments can then be summed up to calculate the true strain at the end of increment 3,", "aYA6B-dYNUU-00074-00034937-00035181": "for example.", "aYA6B-dYNUU-00075-00035181-00035628": "Instead of doing this manually with large increment sizes, this approach can be defined", "aYA6B-dYNUU-00076-00035628-00036071": "mathematically using integration, like this.", "aYA6B-dYNUU-00077-00036071-00036712": "By remembering that the integral of 1/x is ln(x)+C, we end up with this", "aYA6B-dYNUU-00078-00036712-00037444": "equation, which can be re-arranged to be a function of the engineering strain.", "aYA6B-dYNUU-00079-00038062-00038547": "Because of the form of this equation, true strain is also known as logarithmic strain,", "aYA6B-dYNUU-00080-00038548-00038762": "or natural strain.", "aYA6B-dYNUU-00081-00038930-00039496": "I hope this has helped explain the differences between engineering and true stress-strain curves.", "aYA6B-dYNUU-00082-00039496-00039949": "Thanks for watching, and remember to hit the subscribe button and the bell to be notified", "aYA6B-dYNUU-00083-00039949-00040091": "about future videos!"}}, {"audio_id": "aYAcst0ogrk", "text": {"aYAcst0ogrk-00000-00000000-00000196": "[digital videogame music in the background throughout the video]", "aYAcst0ogrk-00001-00000208-00000760": "Type:Rider is a video game available for iOS, Android, and Steam.", "aYAcst0ogrk-00002-00000761-00001440": "It was released by Cosmografik, a French company, and developed by Bulkypix in 2013.", "aYAcst0ogrk-00003-00001440-00001993": "I played it on an iPad, but the video here is from the Steam version, and this Steam", "aYAcst0ogrk-00004-00001993-00002302": "version I would recommend as having the better controls.", "aYAcst0ogrk-00005-00002302-00002963": "So, it’s a pretty straightforward platformer game in which you control a colon—yes, that’s", "aYAcst0ogrk-00006-00002963-00003521": "right, that punctuation mark present in every single academic article title—that can roll", "aYAcst0ogrk-00007-00003521-00003784": "around and jump as you navigate the gamespace.", "aYAcst0ogrk-00008-00003784-00004430": "Basically, the main goal of the game is to collect items—actually, the letters of the", "aYAcst0ogrk-00009-00004430-00004889": "alphabet—that you find in levels to put together pages in an ebook that chronicle", "aYAcst0ogrk-00010-00004889-00005423": "the history of typography, all the way from its origins in cave paintings to the present", "aYAcst0ogrk-00011-00005423-00005585": "day.", "aYAcst0ogrk-00012-00005585-00006137": "Each level focuses on a different typeface, with the exception of the first Origins level", "aYAcst0ogrk-00013-00006137-00006430": "that moves quickly through ancient history.", "aYAcst0ogrk-00014-00006430-00007161": "The levels include Gothic, Garamond, Didot, Clarendon, Futura, Times, Helvetica, Pixel,", "aYAcst0ogrk-00015-00007161-00007603": "and there’s even a hidden Comic Sans level, and I think we can all agree that the best", "aYAcst0ogrk-00016-00007603-00007973": "place for a Comic Sans level is hidden.", "aYAcst0ogrk-00017-00007973-00008436": "Each level situates its titular font within its historical context—so, for instance,", "aYAcst0ogrk-00018-00008436-00009036": "Clarendon sets its level in the wild west, and Times is set within the industrial, modernist", "aYAcst0ogrk-00019-00009036-00009209": "world of the 1930s.", "aYAcst0ogrk-00020-00009209-00009711": "But the most interesting thing about this entire game is the gamespace itself—the", "aYAcst0ogrk-00021-00009711-00009899": "levels are constructed out of typefaces.", "aYAcst0ogrk-00022-00009899-00010386": "For instance, in the Gothic level, you have to carefully jump and roll over Gothic letters,", "aYAcst0ogrk-00023-00010386-00010870": "being wary of getting stuck on a serif or falling down in the space between letters,", "aYAcst0ogrk-00024-00010870-00011256": "which causes the level to restart from the last checkpoint.", "aYAcst0ogrk-00025-00011256-00011787": "The ability to collect pages for the ebook and other items, such as each letter in the", "aYAcst0ogrk-00026-00011787-00012294": "alphabet, is an extra feature of the game but is not necessary to completing the level.", "aYAcst0ogrk-00027-00012294-00012941": "So, in that way, the written text is secondary to its visual component.", "aYAcst0ogrk-00028-00012941-00013381": "What is so interesting here about this game is really not what the developers had in mind—they", "aYAcst0ogrk-00029-00013381-00013831": "wanted to make an educational game about the history of typography, in which players would", "aYAcst0ogrk-00030-00013831-00014270": "go through each level, collecting items as they went to put together at the end to read", "aYAcst0ogrk-00031-00014270-00014509": "about each typefaces’ history.", "aYAcst0ogrk-00032-00014509-00014895": "You can even pause the game to read the individual page you’ve just collected, which really", "aYAcst0ogrk-00033-00014895-00015513": "poorly interrupts the game and is the last thing I want to do when playing a platformer.", "aYAcst0ogrk-00034-00015513-00015947": "So it seems the developers didn’t realize what fascinating thing they had hit on here—the", "aYAcst0ogrk-00035-00015947-00016667": "fact that they use the typeface as an obstacle to navigate in order to complete the level—letters", "aYAcst0ogrk-00036-00016667-00016982": "now become the gamespace itself.", "aYAcst0ogrk-00037-00016982-00017335": "Jay David Bolter (2001) has explained that we are living in “the late age of print”", "aYAcst0ogrk-00038-00017335-00017435": "(p. 2).", "aYAcst0ogrk-00039-00017435-00017909": "However, he points out that print is not dead, instead it is being remediated into increasingly", "aYAcst0ogrk-00040-00017909-00018092": "digital forms.", "aYAcst0ogrk-00041-00018092-00018615": "When we play this game, today, in the late age of print, we play a remediated text: in", "aYAcst0ogrk-00042-00018615-00019184": "a less interesting way, we play to get rewarded with an ebook, but really we play with the", "aYAcst0ogrk-00043-00019184-00019662": "typefaces themselves—we jump on and around each letter, trying to keep our balance and", "aYAcst0ogrk-00044-00019662-00019915": "move on to the next screen.", "aYAcst0ogrk-00045-00019915-00020395": "In this game, we need more than just literacy of a written text in order to play; we need", "aYAcst0ogrk-00046-00020395-00020612": "literacy in the video game.", "aYAcst0ogrk-00047-00020612-00021099": "This gamespace disrupts traditional written literacy, unmaking the meaning of the letter", "aYAcst0ogrk-00048-00021099-00021753": "“R” to a tricky object to jump over.", "aYAcst0ogrk-00049-00021753-00022259": "This game is deconstructing print by taking it out of its familiar context of the page", "aYAcst0ogrk-00050-00022259-00022523": "and putting it into a gamespace.", "aYAcst0ogrk-00051-00022523-00023105": "This helps us rethink the function these typefaces have, as it defamiliarizes us with the subject", "aYAcst0ogrk-00052-00023105-00023531": "while also allowing us to see it in a completely new way.", "aYAcst0ogrk-00053-00023531-00024046": "According to Graeme Kirkpatrick (2011), what is unique about the video game is that it", "aYAcst0ogrk-00054-00024046-00024507": "stimulates us into action—it insists that we must participate.", "aYAcst0ogrk-00055-00024507-00024990": "Kirkpatrick says that “form is the only way to understand the pleasurable nature of", "aYAcst0ogrk-00056-00024990-00025140": "its process.”", "aYAcst0ogrk-00057-00025140-00025851": "Thus, in a video game, form is privileged over content—or, form is content.", "aYAcst0ogrk-00058-00025851-00026573": "However, with the game Type:Rider, arrangement isn’t really equivalent to content; in fact,", "aYAcst0ogrk-00059-00026573-00027205": "the content meaning is unmade through the act of placing these typefaces in a gamespace.", "aYAcst0ogrk-00060-00027205-00027707": "So, in order to understand the gamespace, arrangement is superior to content.", "aYAcst0ogrk-00061-00027707-00028370": "A, B, C, and D are no longer the alphabet—they are now cliffs, valleys, surfaces, and pits", "aYAcst0ogrk-00062-00028370-00028650": "to navigate.", "aYAcst0ogrk-00063-00028650-00029082": "My experience playing this game initially on the iPad was entertaining—for the majority", "aYAcst0ogrk-00064-00029082-00029558": "of the game, the levels are decently short and the rewards sufficient to encourage the", "aYAcst0ogrk-00065-00029558-00029752": "player to continue.", "aYAcst0ogrk-00066-00029752-00030195": "Collecting all (or even most of) the letters and pages in each level isn’t necessary,", "aYAcst0ogrk-00067-00030195-00030519": "and is probably only relevant to completionists.", "aYAcst0ogrk-00068-00030519-00031098": "The first level (which doubles as the tutorial) is organized well and is easy to follow.", "aYAcst0ogrk-00069-00031098-00031619": "The iPad controls are simple, with just two buttons (really, unmarked areas of the screen", "aYAcst0ogrk-00070-00031619-00032352": "to touch)—one for forward and one for back—and hit both at the same time to jump.", "aYAcst0ogrk-00071-00032352-00032835": "Like any platformer, the early levels are quite easy, and progressively get more challenging,", "aYAcst0ogrk-00072-00032835-00033205": "particularly when there are a series of timed jumps to make.", "aYAcst0ogrk-00073-00033205-00033752": "Fortunately (for game design as well as my sanity), when you miss a jump, the level sends", "aYAcst0ogrk-00074-00033752-00034164": "you back to a previous checkpoint which is usually not far.", "aYAcst0ogrk-00075-00034164-00034747": "Also, like any platformer, there is at least one part of one level—usually towards the", "aYAcst0ogrk-00076-00034747-00034974": "end—that is infuriatingly difficult.", "aYAcst0ogrk-00077-00034974-00035663": "While I did not throw my iPad across the room in defeat, many expletives were uttered, to", "aYAcst0ogrk-00078-00035663-00035769": "no avail.", "aYAcst0ogrk-00079-00035769-00036179": "I wasn’t able to complete the Pixel level, the last level of the game before the hidden", "aYAcst0ogrk-00080-00036179-00036714": "Comic Sans level, because of the nearly impossible controls.", "aYAcst0ogrk-00081-00036714-00037238": "Once I switched to the Steam version in order to record this video, the controls are much", "aYAcst0ogrk-00082-00037238-00037887": "easier—left and right directional buttons and space bar to jump—and I was able to", "aYAcst0ogrk-00083-00037887-00038249": "complete the game and get to about halfway through the Comic Sans level.", "aYAcst0ogrk-00084-00038249-00038804": "I didn’t complete it, once again, because I enjoy keeping my sanity, and the music and", "aYAcst0ogrk-00085-00038804-00039092": "colors in that level were grating on me.", "aYAcst0ogrk-00086-00039092-00039874": "Ian Bogost, in his 2007 work Persuasive Games, elaborates on the concept of procedural rhetoric", "aYAcst0ogrk-00087-00039874-00040443": "as “the art of representation through rule-based representations and interactions rather than", "aYAcst0ogrk-00088-00040443-00040884": "the spoken word, writing, image, or moving pictures” (p. ix).", "aYAcst0ogrk-00089-00040884-00041408": "This kind of rhetoric, he says, “makes a claim about how something works by modeling", "aYAcst0ogrk-00090-00041408-00041906": "its processes in the process-native environment of a computer” (Bogost, 2011, p. 14).", "aYAcst0ogrk-00091-00041906-00042491": "He brings this up to say that video games, of all computational artifacts, are the most", "aYAcst0ogrk-00092-00042491-00042686": "procedural.", "aYAcst0ogrk-00093-00042686-00043338": "In the video game, “persuasion and expression are inexorably linked” (Bogost, 2007, p.", "aYAcst0ogrk-00094-00043338-00043438": "44).", "aYAcst0ogrk-00095-00043438-00043770": "James Paul Gee (2007), in his work What Video Games Have to Teach Us about Learning and", "aYAcst0ogrk-00096-00043770-00044283": "Literacy, also notes that the meaning of a video game comes through its use of embodied", "aYAcst0ogrk-00097-00044283-00044473": "experiences.", "aYAcst0ogrk-00098-00044473-00045014": "Bogost goes further, saying that playing video games is more than an embodied experience,", "aYAcst0ogrk-00099-00045014-00045686": "it is an active, procedural experience—the act of playing a game creates meaning; the", "aYAcst0ogrk-00100-00045686-00046012": "process of playing is what constructs the game and its message.", "aYAcst0ogrk-00101-00046012-00046408": "It’s only a game through its playability.", "aYAcst0ogrk-00102-00046408-00046918": "Unlike visual rhetoric, which doesn’t account for procedural representation, in video games", "aYAcst0ogrk-00103-00046918-00047337": "“image is subordinate to process” (Bogost, 2007, p. 25).", "aYAcst0ogrk-00104-00047337-00047794": "This goes along with what I was saying earlier about the arrangement of the typefaces as", "aYAcst0ogrk-00105-00047794-00048199": "the gamespace deconstructs their traditional written meaning and creates a new meaning", "aYAcst0ogrk-00106-00048199-00048412": "out of these objects.", "aYAcst0ogrk-00107-00048412-00048854": "In Type:Rider, the game is more than just seeing and learning about typography (which", "aYAcst0ogrk-00108-00048854-00049352": "is something that the developers have seemed to miss); it is the act of playing through", "aYAcst0ogrk-00109-00049352-00049770": "these typefaces that creates the meaning and the experience.", "aYAcst0ogrk-00110-00049770-00050262": "It’s that procedure that creates the meaning in the gamespace.", "aYAcst0ogrk-00111-00050262-00050672": "In an interview about the game’s release, one of the designers of the game explained", "aYAcst0ogrk-00112-00050672-00051161": "that they wanted to create a game to educate people about the history of typography, which", "aYAcst0ogrk-00113-00051161-00051791": "is something that is “an old and invisible art”—in this creation, however, this art", "aYAcst0ogrk-00114-00051791-00052259": "is made visible not just through the actual printed pages of the ebook that the gamer", "aYAcst0ogrk-00115-00052259-00052745": "collects and then reads outside of the game, this art is made visible through its placement", "aYAcst0ogrk-00116-00052745-00053377": "in a game context, deconstructing its written meaning and made into a visual, procedural", "aYAcst0ogrk-00117-00053377-00053477": "meaning.", "aYAcst0ogrk-00118-00053477-00054042": "I’d say this is also a flaw in the game, too, even though teaching the player about", "aYAcst0ogrk-00119-00054042-00054411": "typographic history is a main intent of the platformer.", "aYAcst0ogrk-00120-00054411-00054823": "The pages one collects through the levels that creates an ebook chronicling the history", "aYAcst0ogrk-00121-00054823-00055412": "of each selected font is an isolated component of the game, and could be ignored completely", "aYAcst0ogrk-00122-00055412-00055559": "during a playthrough.", "aYAcst0ogrk-00123-00055559-00056071": "Also, it seems like rather weak motivation for the player, telling them their goal is", "aYAcst0ogrk-00124-00056071-00056250": "to collect ebook pages.", "aYAcst0ogrk-00125-00056250-00056679": "You could easily enjoy this game without paying attention to the ebook and without learning", "aYAcst0ogrk-00126-00056679-00057112": "much about typography, other than the names of some fonts and the shape of the letters.", "aYAcst0ogrk-00127-00057112-00057591": "For instance, I am very familiar with the Gothic typefaces, as I struggled to avoid", "aYAcst0ogrk-00128-00057591-00057959": "getting stuck on every serif.", "aYAcst0ogrk-00129-00057959-00058365": "The game designers have stated in interviews that their intention is to educate the public", "aYAcst0ogrk-00130-00058365-00058519": "on the history of typography.", "aYAcst0ogrk-00131-00058519-00058930": "“We're not trying to teach people to be experts in type", "aYAcst0ogrk-00132-00058930-00059362": "in Type:Rider, but I think it’s important to know that it is a complex art with a long", "aYAcst0ogrk-00133-00059362-00059604": "history,” says the designer.", "aYAcst0ogrk-00134-00059604-00060112": "“Our hope is that after playing Type:Rider, players will choose", "aYAcst0ogrk-00135-00060112-00060497": "their next font with a little more experience and knowledge than they would have before”", "aYAcst0ogrk-00136-00060497-00060640": "(qtd. in Brownlee, 2013).", "aYAcst0ogrk-00137-00060640-00061005": "To these designers, content still remains superior to form,", "aYAcst0ogrk-00138-00061005-00061549": "which indicates that they don’t realize just how transgressive this gamespace is,", "aYAcst0ogrk-00139-00061549-00061980": "unmaking and remaking meaning in its context.", "aYAcst0ogrk-00140-00061980-00062380": "In terms of using this game in the classroom, it would for sure be a fun way to introduce", "aYAcst0ogrk-00141-00062380-00062898": "the history of typography to students, as the levels do well with situating the typefaces", "aYAcst0ogrk-00142-00062898-00063325": "within a specific cultural and historical moment.", "aYAcst0ogrk-00143-00063325-00063788": "Even if the player doesn’t read a single page of the ebook (confession: that’s me),", "aYAcst0ogrk-00144-00063788-00064308": "the historical context is clear and memorable, and playing through the levels is a great", "aYAcst0ogrk-00145-00064308-00064683": "illustration of how the typeface reflects the cultural moment.", "aYAcst0ogrk-00146-00064683-00065084": "The levels would also be a useful way to start discussion on the ways in which typefaces", "aYAcst0ogrk-00147-00065084-00065758": "convey meaning—historical, cultural, situational—beyond the alphabetic.", "aYAcst0ogrk-00148-00065758-00066333": "Like with typefaces in general, in Type:Rider, form is privileged over content.", "aYAcst0ogrk-00149-00066333-00067002": "It is this procedurality of the gameplay that allows us to make meaning from the typefaces,", "aYAcst0ogrk-00150-00067002-00067508": "deconstructing their meaning in written literacy and remaking them into gaming literacy.", "aYAcst0ogrk-00151-00067508-00068254": "It defamiliarizes us with these typefaces as a way to learn about them; it uses process", "aYAcst0ogrk-00152-00068254-00068564": "as a way to actively make meaning from typeface."}}, {"audio_id": "aYHa8UDfrPk", "text": {"aYHa8UDfrPk-00000-00001448-00001768": "So, for the last two weeks or so we've been feeding these", "aYHa8UDfrPk-00001-00001768-00002088": "birds that have been in the box. We're feeding them about one-and-a-", "aYHa8UDfrPk-00002-00002088-00002614": "half quail per bird, per day. They've been progressing nicely.", "aYHa8UDfrPk-00003-00002614-00002992": "Today they're at about six weeks, six-and-a-half weeks old,", "aYHa8UDfrPk-00004-00002992-00003447": "and basically just release those birds.", "aYHa8UDfrPk-00005-00005376-00005792": "My name is Jennifer Melinov, and I'm a biological science technician here at", "aYHa8UDfrPk-00006-00005792-00006223": "Shenandoah National Park, and I specialize in wildlife management", "aYHa8UDfrPk-00007-00006223-00006608": "in the park, and with the peregrine falcons I was", "aYHa8UDfrPk-00008-00006608-00007000": "responsible for feeding them every morning--once a day", "aYHa8UDfrPk-00009-00007000-00007368": "when they arrived as chicks--and we would feed them five quail", "aYHa8UDfrPk-00010-00007368-00007672": "a day. These quail were already dead and frozen,", "aYHa8UDfrPk-00011-00007672-00007992": "so we would thaw them out and then remove pieces of the quail that", "aYHa8UDfrPk-00012-00007992-00008384": "normally the adult peregrine falcons would remove for the chicks,", "aYHa8UDfrPk-00013-00008384-00008711": "and then once the quail were prepped we would put them", "aYHa8UDfrPk-00014-00008711-00009168": "on a platform and slide it into the box to feed the chicks,", "aYHa8UDfrPk-00015-00009168-00009704": "and the window that we would place the food through was really small", "aYHa8UDfrPk-00016-00009704-00010007": "so that hopefully the chicks wouldn't see us when we were feeding", "aYHa8UDfrPk-00017-00010007-00010464": "them, so that they didn't associate the food with humans, and then the next", "aYHa8UDfrPk-00018-00010464-00010760": "day when we come and feed them again we'd clean up any scraps", "aYHa8UDfrPk-00019-00010760-00011184": "that the chicks left behind, which an adult peregrine falcon would normally do,", "aYHa8UDfrPk-00020-00011184-00011584": "and we'd throw them out and then give them new food.", "aYHa8UDfrPk-00021-00012760-00013080": "So we're hopeful that they'll come out gradually, they'll feed, they'll acclimate", "aYHa8UDfrPk-00022-00013080-00013408": "to their surroundings, and then hopefully stick around for", "aYHa8UDfrPk-00023-00013408-00013768": "about three-to-four-to-five more weeks. We'll continue to feed them,", "aYHa8UDfrPk-00024-00013768-00014191": "and hopefully they'll disperse safely and find a a good wintering ground and", "aYHa8UDfrPk-00025-00014191-00015784": "then eventually come back maybe and start a new pair here at Shenandoah."}}, {"audio_id": "aYJv4UHYSR8", "text": {"aYJv4UHYSR8-00000-00000000-00000699": "intimacy not just in bed that's also very important part for for a woman as well", "aYJv4UHYSR8-00001-00000699-00001968": "intimacy and love should not be just confined to our bedrooms making cloth is not only a", "aYJv4UHYSR8-00002-00001968-00003000": "penetration but also a kind words who each other nice looks the giving each other some", "aYJv4UHYSR8-00003-00003000-00004506": "nice gifts or yeah being nice to each other what we should do as much often as possible", "aYJv4UHYSR8-00004-00004506-00005697": "very nice habit is to cuddle each other every time when we see each other again and that way", "aYJv4UHYSR8-00005-00005697-00006828": "we sometimes the day is hectic and yeah we had some problems and so but then we see each other", "aYJv4UHYSR8-00006-00006828-00007779": "if we could we know what we are standing on we love each other and even if that those problems", "aYJv4UHYSR8-00007-00007779-00008433": "with a deep between us we still know that we love each other and then when we cuddle we can", "aYJv4UHYSR8-00008-00008433-00009015": "currently talk to each other as well as with more respect and love about the problems what", "aYJv4UHYSR8-00009-00009015-00010089": "we have and then we can sort them out a much better way another nice habit and method is to", "aYJv4UHYSR8-00010-00010089-00011238": "just before to go to sleep and to lie down with each other in the so called spoon position one", "aYJv4UHYSR8-00011-00011238-00012369": "or both partners on design one behind each other and by synchronizing and harmonizing", "aYJv4UHYSR8-00012-00012369-00013596": "brief we can I think our energy and in that way yeah our sleep it's all so much nicer when we feel", "aYJv4UHYSR8-00013-00013596-00014691": "so loved it with each other so that's a few things would can make our and a love match to mimic our", "aYJv4UHYSR8-00014-00014691-00016203": "relation ship much more warm giving cloth could be very nice also by doing things together like", "aYJv4UHYSR8-00015-00016203-00017733": "dancing going to the cinema or ya doing yoga together gunkel together to some course romantic", "aYJv4UHYSR8-00016-00017733-00018456": "dinner leading to each other doing actions to come together to demonstrations or whatever"}}, {"audio_id": "aYRxgd6UTEU", "text": {"aYRxgd6UTEU-00000-00001902-00021870": "[Content_Types].xml I)_: C]9N N_UZB >$N{9 +P9Y \"V0} _rels/.rels A$>\"f3 .b*lI word/_rels/document.xml.rels", "aYRxgd6UTEU-00001-00021870-00039009": "(x/vw word/document.xml =EB8 ~JrlH +Z}\\~H1@ rhm< o6_> &9^%< word/theme/theme1.xml w toc'v", "aYRxgd6UTEU-00002-00039009-00045590": ")I`n 3Vq%'#q :\\TZaG L+M2 e\\O* $*c? )6-r IqbJ#x ,AGm T[XF64 E)`# R>QD =(K& =al- 4vfa 0%M0", "aYRxgd6UTEU-00003-00045590-00047781": "word/settings.xml \"JYQ Z2oW hR4I /8`2 word/fontTable.xml !?MPH ET)iA _cbSV:W'a }mM.", "aYRxgd6UTEU-00004-00047781-00048000": "iXUy?", "aYRxgd6UTEU-00005-00048000-00051066": "A%wVv u>]K ~W7g GuM$ 3\"1% %r_6 word/webSettings.xml 0JHR( _im>Q42 py?= MUH; 8|$$s ZyD+,S ?xb9", "aYRxgd6UTEU-00006-00051066-00052558": "docProps/app.xml pshu 4_fi Rhkp QaHH h\"[e CDSb `:(^ EK+{ 1/j/\\ }2?# *6;'d l5_w docProps/core.xml", "aYRxgd6UTEU-00007-00052558-00054486": "&xL3 m @[ BlF(M)I word/styles.xml MNNf 'Lix {<}u %rlcx oDlnT &_cN Qswu w/e\" !pS obg +~gT", "aYRxgd6UTEU-00008-00054486-00057174": "j,'u <8PU x#@dyp x#@dm8* x#@dyp x#@dm8* j,'u 'HX`1 =~+sF <9f@/q [Content_Types].xmlPK _rels/.relsPK", "aYRxgd6UTEU-00009-00057174-00058069": "word/_rels/document.xml.relsPK word/document.xmlPK word/theme/theme1.xmlPK word/settings.xmlPK", "aYRxgd6UTEU-00010-00058069-00059190": "word/fontTable.xmlPK word/webSettings.xmlPK docProps/app.xmlPK docProps/core.xmlPK word/styles.xmlPK"}}, {"audio_id": "aYWt8aLnxhI", "text": {"aYWt8aLnxhI-00000-00001552-00002984": "just getting started", "aYWt8aLnxhI-00001-00003488-00004384": "you know", "aYWt8aLnxhI-00002-00005504-00005784": "they'll be calling me calling me", "aYWt8aLnxhI-00003-00009944-00009984": "because"}}, {"audio_id": "aZJmiTmGqg0", "text": {"aZJmiTmGqg0-00000-00000000-00000138": "Huehuehe!", "aZJmiTmGqg0-00001-00000138-00000238": "What is it?", "aZJmiTmGqg0-00002-00000238-00000420": "You're forgetting something...", "aZJmiTmGqg0-00003-00000421-00000621": "(Gasp) Am I really?!", "aZJmiTmGqg0-00004-00000621-00000696": "(Mumbling)", "aZJmiTmGqg0-00005-00000696-00000880": "What if you do if you're hungry?!", "aZJmiTmGqg0-00006-00000880-00001088": "Huh? (Gasps)", "aZJmiTmGqg0-00007-00001088-00001232": "Grab a Snickers!", "aZJmiTmGqg0-00008-00001232-00001432": "Good thinkin'!"}}, {"audio_id": "aa18RFCiefY", "text": {"aa18RFCiefY-00000-00000029-00000196": "- If you were born in  Beethoven's time,", "aa18RFCiefY-00001-00000196-00000475": "you'd be lucky if you heard a symphony twice", "aa18RFCiefY-00002-00000475-00000621": "in your lifetime, whereas today,", "aa18RFCiefY-00003-00000621-00000963": "it's as accessible as running water.", "aa18RFCiefY-00004-00000963-00001188": "We're drowning in music.", "aa18RFCiefY-00005-00001659-00001914": "We in the West have tended to have a misconception", "aa18RFCiefY-00006-00001914-00002402": "that history of music is a history of works or composers.", "aa18RFCiefY-00007-00002402-00002719": "This tends to reduce  music into an object,", "aa18RFCiefY-00008-00002719-00002932": "into an exhibit in an  imaginary museum.", "aa18RFCiefY-00009-00003103-00003470": "It also overvalues the role of the composer compared", "aa18RFCiefY-00010-00003470-00003774": "to most people who  are innately musical.", "aa18RFCiefY-00011-00003908-00004187": "And I wanted to get away from the usual thing of", "aa18RFCiefY-00012-00004187-00004466": "'Which composer wrote what piece at what time,'", "aa18RFCiefY-00013-00004466-00004621": "to see the bigger picture.", "aa18RFCiefY-00014-00004621-00004950": "We're in the kind of  moment of the global,", "aa18RFCiefY-00015-00004950-00005092": "of the universal—", "aa18RFCiefY-00016-00005092-00005338": "and music is absolutely universal.", "aa18RFCiefY-00017-00005693-00005847": "I'm Michael Spitzer.", "aa18RFCiefY-00018-00005847-00006143": "I'm Professor of Music at the University of Liverpool", "aa18RFCiefY-00019-00006143-00006289": "in the United Kingdom.", "aa18RFCiefY-00020-00006289-00006435": "I've written a book called", "aa18RFCiefY-00021-00006435-00006815": "\"The Musical Human: A History of Life on Earth.\"", "aa18RFCiefY-00022-00007373-00007678": "It's almost inconceivable to write a prehistory of music", "aa18RFCiefY-00023-00007678-00008078": "because Edison invents the phonograph in 1877", "aa18RFCiefY-00024-00008078-00008362": "and prior to that, we have no record of any sound.", "aa18RFCiefY-00025-00008554-00008783": "In terms of the evolution  of instruments,", "aa18RFCiefY-00026-00008783-00009050": "the very oldest instrument we have is the human voice.", "aa18RFCiefY-00027-00009955-00010235": "We also have lithic instruments made of rocks,", "aa18RFCiefY-00028-00010235-00010364": "such as stalactites", "aa18RFCiefY-00029-00010456-00010810": "or the famous 'rock gongs'  in Tanzania.", "aa18RFCiefY-00030-00010985-00011336": "But the landmark is a discovery of bone flutes,", "aa18RFCiefY-00031-00011336-00011615": "flutes made out of  the bones of vultures,", "aa18RFCiefY-00032-00011615-00011874": "and they're dated  about 40,000 years.", "aa18RFCiefY-00033-00011874-00012124": "And they were found in the South German caves.", "aa18RFCiefY-00034-00012616-00012829": "One of the problems with instruments", "aa18RFCiefY-00035-00012829-00013063": "is that the materials biodegrade.", "aa18RFCiefY-00036-00013063-00013338": "So we have to work inferentially", "aa18RFCiefY-00037-00013338-00013592": "by mapping from  what we do know.", "aa18RFCiefY-00038-00013592-00013855": "If you're looking at  the broad picture", "aa18RFCiefY-00039-00013855-00014009": "of the evolution of sapiens,", "aa18RFCiefY-00040-00014009-00014305": "then the epochs are hunter-gatherer,", "aa18RFCiefY-00041-00014305-00014547": "farming community, and then the founding of cities", "aa18RFCiefY-00042-00014547-00014735": "and city-states.", "aa18RFCiefY-00043-00014735-00015102": "Each of these epochs is associated with mentalities.", "aa18RFCiefY-00044-00015448-00015765": "So, hunter-gatherers  tended to be nomadic.", "aa18RFCiefY-00045-00015765-00016028": "And if you're essentially journeying through a landscape,", "aa18RFCiefY-00046-00016028-00016299": "what you don't do is carry heavy instruments.", "aa18RFCiefY-00047-00016299-00016741": "Music has to be portable, ideally, just a voice or if not,", "aa18RFCiefY-00048-00016741-00016996": "a very light flute or a small percussive instrument.", "aa18RFCiefY-00049-00016996-00017233": "And if you look at the music that is played", "aa18RFCiefY-00050-00017233-00017463": "by the Cameroon Pygmies,", "aa18RFCiefY-00051-00017575-00017863": "every time they play a piece, it sounds different.", "aa18RFCiefY-00052-00018856-00019052": "It's very much music  of the moment.", "aa18RFCiefY-00053-00019052-00019477": "Now, what changes when  you invent farming?", "aa18RFCiefY-00054-00019477-00019590": "You settle down.", "aa18RFCiefY-00055-00019673-00019878": "And your whole  mindset becomes fixed", "aa18RFCiefY-00056-00019878-00020220": "on the circle of the seasons, the circle of life.", "aa18RFCiefY-00057-00020220-00020495": "And you invent repeatable work.", "aa18RFCiefY-00058-00020495-00020770": "And the structure of the work becomes as cyclical", "aa18RFCiefY-00059-00020770-00021008": "as life itself.", "aa18RFCiefY-00060-00021008-00021358": "You invent a circle in music, invent musical rituals.", "aa18RFCiefY-00061-00022092-00022238": "And once music migrates", "aa18RFCiefY-00062-00022238-00022664": "from the farm to the town, certain changes happen.", "aa18RFCiefY-00063-00022764-00022952": "Instruments can become heavy", "aa18RFCiefY-00064-00022952-00023252": "because you start to set quite permanent roots", "aa18RFCiefY-00065-00023252-00023369": "into the town.", "aa18RFCiefY-00066-00023369-00023836": "You create heavy instruments like bells and gongs,", "aa18RFCiefY-00067-00023836-00024140": "but also very delicate ones like harps and lutes", "aa18RFCiefY-00068-00024140-00024411": "which would be damaged  over a journey.", "aa18RFCiefY-00069-00024411-00024703": "And music's function  now also changes", "aa18RFCiefY-00070-00024703-00025037": "with the growth of social hierarchy.", "aa18RFCiefY-00071-00025037-00025442": "The job of music is to be a handmaiden to serve the power,", "aa18RFCiefY-00072-00025442-00025708": "the power of the  prince or the church.", "aa18RFCiefY-00073-00026117-00026384": "And musicians  become professionalized", "aa18RFCiefY-00074-00026384-00026801": "and their job is to create music to be listened to", "aa18RFCiefY-00075-00026801-00027001": "for people with leisure.", "aa18RFCiefY-00076-00027001-00027302": "And this is the origin to what we call concerts.", "aa18RFCiefY-00077-00027773-00028007": "To have a concert requires leisure,", "aa18RFCiefY-00078-00028007-00028203": "requires money, and oftentimes,", "aa18RFCiefY-00079-00028203-00028428": "it's the aristocrats or the upper middle class", "aa18RFCiefY-00080-00028428-00028578": "who had the time to sit back", "aa18RFCiefY-00081-00028578-00028878": "and enjoy music  performed for them.", "aa18RFCiefY-00082-00028878-00029191": "For most people over millions of years, that doesn't happen.", "aa18RFCiefY-00083-00029646-00030121": "So, the rule is that most music was performed functionally,", "aa18RFCiefY-00084-00030121-00030288": "as we say, \"Whistle as you work.\"", "aa18RFCiefY-00085-00030768-00031010": "Also, it was performed in a participatory way.", "aa18RFCiefY-00086-00031010-00031181": "So there was no distinction", "aa18RFCiefY-00087-00031181-00031414": "between those who  create the music", "aa18RFCiefY-00088-00031414-00031581": "and those who listened to it.", "aa18RFCiefY-00089-00031581-00031739": "It was the same people.", "aa18RFCiefY-00090-00032307-00032570": "The idea that we have a composer, we have a listener,", "aa18RFCiefY-00091-00032570-00032820": "is a purely modern invention.", "aa18RFCiefY-00092-00032820-00033133": "1,000 years ago in 1020,", "aa18RFCiefY-00093-00033133-00033541": "an Italian monk called Guido invents staff notation.", "aa18RFCiefY-00094-00033541-00034013": "And life was never again the same for Western music.", "aa18RFCiefY-00095-00034013-00034150": "Why is that so important?", "aa18RFCiefY-00096-00034280-00034780": "Staff notation was a tool of church control.", "aa18RFCiefY-00097-00034813-00035089": "And through writing chants down,", "aa18RFCiefY-00098-00035089-00035393": "the church could ensure, literally, that monks singing", "aa18RFCiefY-00099-00035393-00035685": "at the furthest outpost of the empire of Christendom,", "aa18RFCiefY-00100-00035685-00035931": "literally sang from the  same hymn sheet.", "aa18RFCiefY-00101-00036077-00036357": "And then, once the empire expands", "aa18RFCiefY-00102-00036357-00036540": "beyond the Mediterranean basin", "aa18RFCiefY-00103-00036632-00036982": "and Cortes invades Mexico in 1519,", "aa18RFCiefY-00104-00036982-00037283": "he takes notation with him.", "aa18RFCiefY-00105-00037283-00037775": "10 years after Cortes decimates the Indians in 1519,", "aa18RFCiefY-00106-00037775-00038158": "by 1530, you have Aztec  musicians singing", "aa18RFCiefY-00107-00038158-00038496": "Spanish polyphony in  Mexico Cathedral.", "aa18RFCiefY-00108-00038496-00038596": "So music notation", "aa18RFCiefY-00109-00038596-00038984": "becomes the sharp end of the stick of globalization.", "aa18RFCiefY-00110-00039268-00039660": "Now, there are various consequences to staff notation,", "aa18RFCiefY-00111-00039660-00040115": "many of them are frankly bad.", "aa18RFCiefY-00112-00040115-00040402": "By pinning notes down to a page,", "aa18RFCiefY-00113-00040402-00040648": "it's almost like  capturing a butterfly.", "aa18RFCiefY-00114-00040648-00040869": "You're taking a note  away from the voice,", "aa18RFCiefY-00115-00040869-00041045": "making it very precise.", "aa18RFCiefY-00116-00041045-00041270": "If you look at the way most people speak or sing,", "aa18RFCiefY-00117-00041270-00041441": "the pitch slides.", "aa18RFCiefY-00118-00041441-00041524": "It fluctuates.", "aa18RFCiefY-00119-00041524-00041770": "It doesn't stay still.", "aa18RFCiefY-00120-00041770-00041941": "Notation freezes a note.", "aa18RFCiefY-00121-00041941-00042125": "It becomes rather  cold and mechanical.", "aa18RFCiefY-00122-00042258-00042688": "It also freezes music as an object,", "aa18RFCiefY-00123-00042688-00042863": "which is actually  quite counterintuitive.", "aa18RFCiefY-00124-00042863-00043072": "Music isn't an object.", "aa18RFCiefY-00125-00043072-00043155": "It's an activity.", "aa18RFCiefY-00126-00043155-00043485": "It's a thing you do, like dancing or jogging.", "aa18RFCiefY-00127-00043564-00043822": "But once you turn it into an object,", "aa18RFCiefY-00128-00043822-00044219": "you create a division between the composer of the object", "aa18RFCiefY-00129-00044219-00044540": "and those who merely mechanically reproduce it.", "aa18RFCiefY-00130-00045541-00045970": "We're regaining the participatory condition of music,", "aa18RFCiefY-00131-00045970-00046229": "which was the norm  thousands of years ago,", "aa18RFCiefY-00132-00046229-00046475": "where we all had an equal stake in creating", "aa18RFCiefY-00133-00046475-00046634": "and enjoying music.", "aa18RFCiefY-00134-00046634-00046850": "Greater integration  with technology", "aa18RFCiefY-00135-00046850-00047059": "has served to accelerate  a cultural change", "aa18RFCiefY-00136-00047059-00047405": "and we see that in the extraordinary role of the internet.", "aa18RFCiefY-00137-00047405-00047826": "We can both create music in our homes and share it.", "aa18RFCiefY-00138-00047826-00048143": "The original bone flute was a piece of technology.", "aa18RFCiefY-00139-00048143-00048485": "It serves to extend  human capacity.", "aa18RFCiefY-00140-00048611-00048769": "It extends the voice,", "aa18RFCiefY-00141-00048769-00049036": "which extends our imagination.", "aa18RFCiefY-00142-00049036-00049382": "I think it's fair to say that just as what Stockhausen", "aa18RFCiefY-00143-00049382-00049703": "or Beyoncé is achieving today would've been completely", "aa18RFCiefY-00144-00049703-00049945": "out of the comprehension of a Mozart or a Beethoven", "aa18RFCiefY-00145-00049945-00050066": "a few centuries ago.", "aa18RFCiefY-00146-00050066-00050321": "We can't even begin to imagine the possibilities", "aa18RFCiefY-00147-00050321-00050471": "awaiting us in the future."}}, {"audio_id": "aar6F88NE3Y", "text": {"aar6F88NE3Y-00000-00000401-00000734": ">> Michigan under Governor Snyder's leadership has just", "aar6F88NE3Y-00001-00000734-00000971": "changed the way that they provide our revenue share", "aar6F88NE3Y-00002-00000971-00001115": "into local governments.", "aar6F88NE3Y-00003-00001115-00001401": "It used to be kind of a formula based system", "aar6F88NE3Y-00004-00001401-00001589": "with minor adjustments each year.", "aar6F88NE3Y-00005-00001589-00001884": "They've changed that now to use revenue sharing", "aar6F88NE3Y-00006-00001884-00002135": "as incentive funds, in an attempt", "aar6F88NE3Y-00007-00002135-00002330": "to foster local government reform.", "aar6F88NE3Y-00008-00002330-00002598": "They are attempting to foster local reform", "aar6F88NE3Y-00009-00002598-00002692": "in a number of ways.", "aar6F88NE3Y-00010-00002692-00003021": "The first focus is on accountability and transparency,", "aar6F88NE3Y-00011-00003021-00003199": "hoping to boost the accountability", "aar6F88NE3Y-00012-00003199-00003364": "at the local level and they're doing this", "aar6F88NE3Y-00013-00003364-00003622": "by having local governments create what are called", "aar6F88NE3Y-00014-00003622-00003825": "performance dashboards.", "aar6F88NE3Y-00015-00003825-00004083": "These present indicators of key aspects", "aar6F88NE3Y-00016-00004083-00004457": "of local government performance, and they place these things", "aar6F88NE3Y-00017-00004457-00004612": "on their website and make it very easy", "aar6F88NE3Y-00018-00004612-00004803": "for citizens to find information.", "aar6F88NE3Y-00019-00004803-00005117": "These performance dashboards cover a pretty wide variety", "aar6F88NE3Y-00020-00005117-00005284": "of aspects of local government.", "aar6F88NE3Y-00021-00005284-00005628": "They get at issues like fiscal stability,", "aar6F88NE3Y-00022-00005628-00006025": "so tracking indicators such as the general fund expenditures", "aar6F88NE3Y-00023-00006025-00006418": "per capita or debt load per capita, they get at aspects", "aar6F88NE3Y-00024-00006418-00006866": "of public safety so violent crimes per capita,", "aar6F88NE3Y-00025-00006866-00007256": "or property crimes per capita and to get at aspects of quality", "aar6F88NE3Y-00026-00007256-00007469": "of life, so they track things like the number", "aar6F88NE3Y-00027-00007469-00007654": "of acres of park land.", "aar6F88NE3Y-00028-00007654-00007915": "Our most recent survey and we survey local leaders", "aar6F88NE3Y-00029-00007915-00008158": "across the state, from all county, cities,", "aar6F88NE3Y-00030-00008158-00008303": "townships and villages.", "aar6F88NE3Y-00031-00008303-00008618": "Our most recent survey looked at their views", "aar6F88NE3Y-00032-00008618-00009093": "on this innovative policy reform and what we find is", "aar6F88NE3Y-00033-00009093-00009446": "that the reforms are working, at least at their most immediate,", "aar6F88NE3Y-00034-00009446-00009652": "which is having local governments adopt", "aar6F88NE3Y-00035-00009652-00009751": "the dashboards.", "aar6F88NE3Y-00036-00009751-00009976": "So only some local governments are eligible", "aar6F88NE3Y-00037-00009976-00010193": "for the State funding, and 90%", "aar6F88NE3Y-00038-00010193-00010494": "of those local governments have adopted dashboards.", "aar6F88NE3Y-00039-00010494-00010642": "Among the other group of local governments,", "aar6F88NE3Y-00040-00010642-00010919": "those that were not eligible, only 26% have.", "aar6F88NE3Y-00041-00010919-00011108": "Despite the fact that 90%", "aar6F88NE3Y-00042-00011108-00011347": "of these jurisdictions are adopting dashboards,", "aar6F88NE3Y-00043-00011347-00011529": "most local leaders don't have much faith", "aar6F88NE3Y-00044-00011529-00011862": "that they're really make much of a difference; not in terms", "aar6F88NE3Y-00045-00011862-00012162": "of accountability and transparency or in our ability", "aar6F88NE3Y-00046-00012162-00012374": "to benchmark against other jurisdictions or even", "aar6F88NE3Y-00047-00012374-00012531": "to improve their overall performance."}}, {"audio_id": "aaXk6LFWrLg", "text": {"aaXk6LFWrLg-00000-00001374-00001558": "In this session we will show you", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00001-00001558-00001911": "how to create organization units within DHIS2.", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00002-00001911-00002339": "Specifically, we will cover the creation of organization units,", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00003-00002339-00002809": "organization unit groups and organization unit group sets.", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00004-00002809-00003109": "We will also describe the fields that are within", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00005-00003109-00003600": "the organization unit maintenance application within DHIS2.", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00006-00003600-00003757": "While there are quite a few fields,", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00007-00003757-00004124": "we will be focusing on the mandatory fields.", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00008-00004124-00004437": "That is, those fields that you must fill in every time", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00009-00004437-00004698": "you are creating these individual items.", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00010-00004698-00005028": "We will then link these concepts with analysis outputs", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00011-00005028-00005275": "showing you how their creation eventually links", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00012-00005275-00005655": "with your final output in the different analysis applications.", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00013-00005735-00005922": "Let's get started with the session.", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00014-00006226-00006506": "In this demonstration, we are going to show you", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00015-00006506-00006843": "how to create organization units within DHIS2.", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00016-00006843-00007047": "In order to demonstrate this concept,", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00017-00007047-00007380": "we are going to use a blank DHIS2 database.", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00018-00007380-00007831": "This database only has one root organization unit.", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00019-00007831-00008158": "We're going to add to this particular organization unit hierarchy", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00020-00008158-00008595": "using the principles that we discuss in this demonstration.", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00021-00008595-00008942": "In order to manage organization units, we'll go to our Apps.", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00022-00009025-00009202": "Now we can either go to Maintenance,", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00023-00009202-00009619": "which is the application that we see in the apps menu.", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00024-00009619-00009916": "We can also search for organization units directly.", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00025-00010517-00010667": "In the Organization Unit app,", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00026-00010667-00011031": "we can then go ahead and add our organization units.", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00027-00011374-00011811": "In this DHIS2 system that we're using for our demonstration,", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00028-00011812-00012206": "we only have one root organization unit.", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00029-00012206-00012362": "Let's go back to Trainingland,", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00030-00012362-00012612": "in order to show you the eventual output", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00031-00012612-00012762": "that we're trying to achieve", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00032-00012762-00013169": "when we create all of these organization units.", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00033-00013169-00013403": "So here we are in Trainingland.", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00034-00013403-00013603": "We should be quite familiar with this hierarchy", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00035-00013603-00013793": "from the other examples we've been using.", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00036-00013973-00014330": "You can see that there are a number of organization units", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00037-00014330-00014531": "created within Trainingland.", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00038-00014697-00015115": "These organization units are further grouped together,", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00039-00015115-00015495": "just like the example that we discussed in our presentation.", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00040-00015782-00016166": "These groups are also grouped together into group sets.", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00041-00016499-00016676": "We want to go through an example", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00042-00016676-00016913": "where we create our organization units,", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00043-00016913-00017270": "group them together, and then group these into group sets.", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00044-00017370-00017717": "Let's go back to the blank database and show you these steps.", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00045-00017904-00018188": "So here we are back in the blank database.", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00046-00018405-00018705": "In order to demonstrate how we create organization units,", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00047-00018705-00019029": "we are going to use a sample organization unit hierarchy.", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00048-00019205-00019616": "In this particular hierarchy we have four levels,", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00049-00019616-00019973": "the Country Level, the Provincial Level,", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00050-00019973-00020250": "the Health Network, and the Healthcare Provider.", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00051-00020420-00020643": "We want to add our individual facilities", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00052-00020643-00020844": "and other administrative units", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00053-00020844-00021181": "as defined by this particular health system structure.", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00054-00021358-00021534": "If we look at one example,", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00055-00021534-00021888": "we have Canada created in that database already.", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00056-00021888-00022172": "We want to add the province of Ontario,", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00057-00022172-00022545": "the three health networks of Erie St. Clair, Toronto Central", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00058-00022545-00022746": "and Waterloo Wellington", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00059-00022746-00022882": "and then the nine facilities", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00060-00022882-00023223": "belonging to those individual health networks.", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00061-00023223-00023376": "Let's go through an example", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00062-00023376-00023770": "of adding these organization units within DHIS2.", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00063-00023770-00024117": "We will start by adding in Ontario as the province,", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00064-00024117-00024381": "Erie St. Clair as our health network,", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00065-00024381-00024671": "and Windsor Regional Hospital as our healthcare provider.", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00066-00025181-00025628": "Back in the Organization unit management app inside DHIS2,", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00067-00025628-00025902": "we are going to add a new organization unit.", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00068-00025902-00026259": "In order to do this note that I have, at the very top,", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00069-00026259-00026616": "root organization unit highlighted in this orange color.", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00070-00026850-00026990": "With this highlighted,", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00071-00026990-00027340": "we can go ahead and click on the plus (+) sign at the bottom corner.", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00072-00027504-00027854": "This will allow us to add in the organization unit.", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00073-00028061-00028345": "There are number of different fields that are available", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00074-00028345-00028571": "when we add a new organization unit.", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00075-00028828-00029185": "Let's go through and discuss some of these fields.", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00076-00029429-00029763": "For starters, we can see that there are three mandatory fields,", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00077-00029763-00030133": "Name, Short Name and Opening Date.", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00078-00030133-00030473": "These are denoted by the star (*) next to their name.", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00079-00030473-00030724": "Every time we create an organization unit,", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00080-00030724-00030974": "we must fill in these three fields.", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00081-00031488-00031912": "The Name at the start denotes the name of the organization unit.", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00082-00031912-00031962": "We can also give this a Short name if required.", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00083-00032132-00032595": "The Code field allows us to assign a code to the organization unit.", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00084-00032745-00033029": "This can be particularly useful if a master list", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00085-00033029-00033183": "of all the organization units", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00086-00033183-00033506": "in the structure we are replicating is available.", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00087-00033506-00033833": "We can use these codes to match with that particular list,", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00088-00033833-00034287": "and potentially match with other systems that are using the same code.", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00089-00034287-00034758": "This Code field will be discussed in further detail in other academies.", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00090-00034891-00035205": "In the Description field, we can also add a description", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00091-00035205-00035468": "of the particular organization unit.", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00092-00035468-00035795": "We also have an opening and closing date.", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00093-00035795-00036029": "The Opening date allows you to indicate", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00094-00036029-00036286": "when this particular organization unit opened.", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00095-00036286-00036579": "If it's something like a facility, we can indicate the date that", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00096-00036579-00036803": "that facility opened officially.", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00097-00036803-00037110": "The Closed date allows you to shut down organization units.", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00098-00037110-00037450": "Using the health facility example, if the facility closes,", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00099-00037450-00037640": "we can indicate the date that it closes", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00100-00037640-00037871": "in the Closed date field.", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00101-00038515-00038882": "We also have an additional field to add in any additional comments", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00102-00038882-00039282": "that you may have about this particular organization unit.", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00103-00039282-00039629": "We can also add in a URL that will link to an external source,", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00104-00039629-00039976": "for example, if you do have a master list of facilities handy,", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00105-00039976-00040316": "you can always link to it using this URL field.", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00106-00040316-00040680": "We then have some fields that allow you to add in the contact details", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00107-00040680-00041051": "of the person responsible for that particular organization unit.", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00108-00041051-00041281": "Using our facility as an example again,", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00109-00041281-00041424": "we can add in the details", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00110-00041424-00041654": "of the person who is responsible for that facility,", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00111-00041654-00041921": "along with their address, email and phone number.", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00112-00042075-00042355": "We can also manually add in latitudes and longitudes", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00113-00042355-00042559": "of our organization units.", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00114-00042559-00043003": "This is most applicable to point type data like a facility.", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00115-00043003-00043263": "There are different procedures to bring in boundaries", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00116-00043263-00043670": "for administrative layers, like provinces or districts.", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00117-00043670-00044040": "That will be discussed further in the Customization Academy.", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00118-00044220-00044417": "So if we scroll back up to the top,", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00119-00044417-00044611": "we see that we have three mandatory fields", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00120-00044611-00044778": "that we need to fill in.", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00121-00044778-00045155": "This includes our name, short name and opening date.", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00122-00045328-00045522": "Let's go ahead and fill these in now,", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00123-00045522-00045735": "note that the other fields will be discussed", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00124-00045735-00046046": "in more detail during the Customization Academy.", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00125-00046299-00046516": "We will start by entering the name.", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00126-00046516-00046980": "The first organization unit that I want to enter is my province.", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00127-00046980-00047454": "If you remember from our example, the province name is Ontario.", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00128-00047517-00047817": "So let's go ahead and enter in the province name.", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00129-00048321-00048775": "For the short name, I'm going to use the code for Ontario within Canada.", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00130-00049239-00049426": "Note that we could also fill this code in,", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00131-00049426-00049636": "in the Code field, if we desire.", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00132-00049746-00050013": "Next, we're going to enter an opening date.", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00133-00050160-00050326": "We will click on the Opening Date field", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00134-00050326-00050517": "and this will bring up a calendar.", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00135-00050517-00050730": "This allows us to choose the opening date", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00136-00050730-00051027": "of this particular organization unit.", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00137-00051027-00051324": "As this is a province, we can't consider a true opening date", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00138-00051324-00051554": "like we could for something like a facility.", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00139-00051828-00052148": "We'll just select a date that is as far back as we can go.", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00140-00052996-00053173": "Once I selected the opening date,", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00141-00053173-00053466": "you can see that it populates that particular field.", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00142-00053550-00053767": "Now that I filled in these three fields,", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00143-00053767-00054210": "I will scroll down and click on 'Save'.", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00144-00054601-00055065": "See that the organization unit has appeared directly underneath Canada.", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00145-00055065-00055595": "This organization unit lies at the second level in our hierarchy.", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00146-00055595-00055949": "We can coin this as the Provincial Level.", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00147-00055949-00056289": "You can see if I click on Ontario,", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00148-00056289-00056506": "there are no organization units present.", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00149-00056616-00056796": "The next level underneath Ontario", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00150-00056796-00057070": "that I want to enter in are my health networks.", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00151-00057187-00057517": "In our example there are three health networks,", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00152-00057517-00057637": "let's enter one,", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00153-00057637-00057871": "so we can enter some facilities at Level 4.", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00154-00058024-00058368": "Let's start by entering in the Erie St Clair health network.", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00155-00058585-00058778": "With Ontario highlighted,", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00156-00058778-00059072": "we'll click on the plus (+) icon", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00157-00059072-00059439": "and we'll enter the details of this particular organization unit.", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00158-00060216-00060590": "For now, I'm going to keep the short name, and the name, the same.", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00159-00060687-00060987": "We then select our opening date", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00160-00060987-00061304": "and here we might have a more well-defined opening date,", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00161-00061304-00061624": "this could be the date in which the health network was defined.", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00162-00062732-00063229": "Once we filled in those three mandatory fields,", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00163-00063229-00063550": "we can go ahead and click 'Save'.", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00164-00063550-00063940": "You can now see that a little triangle appears beside Ontario.", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00165-00063940-00064164": "If I click on this triangle,", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00166-00064164-00064544": "I can now see the Erie St. Clair health network.", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00167-00064544-00064991": "If we want to add a facility to the Erie St. Clair health network,", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00168-00064991-00065235": "you will click on that health network.", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00169-00065235-00065675": "With the health network highlighted, we can now add a facility.", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00170-00065675-00066072": "Remember, in our example we had three facilities", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00171-00066072-00066286": "belonging to each health network.", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00172-00066286-00066726": "So let's go ahead and add Windsor Regional Hospital.", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00173-00066726-00067123": "With the Erie St. Clair health network highlighted,", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00174-00067123-00067377": "we'll click on the plus (+) icon", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00175-00067377-00067547": "and we'll follow the same process", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00176-00067547-00067791": "as we've been doing for the other examples.", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00177-00068391-00068932": "We give it a name and a short name, followed by our opening date.", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00178-00068932-00069082": "In this particular case,", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00179-00069082-00069362": "we can select the actual opening date of this hospital.", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00180-00070914-00071224": "As before, once we've filled in the name,", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00181-00071224-00071411": "the short name and the opening date,", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00182-00071411-00071815": "we can go ahead and save the organization unit.", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00183-00072032-00072252": "Now we can see that next to Erie St. Clair,", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00184-00072252-00072499": "we have that little triangle icon appear.", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00185-00072655-00072972": "If we click on it, we can see that the facility has been added", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00186-00072972-00073259": "to the Erie St. Clair health network.", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00187-00073480-00073877": "I'm going to go ahead and add in the remainder of this hierarchy", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00188-00073877-00074187": "using the steps that we've shown in this demonstration", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00189-00074187-00074354": "and then we'll come back", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00190-00074354-00074684": "and look at adding in organization unit groups.", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00191-00074878-00075211": "If we expand the organization unit hierarchy tree,", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00192-00075211-00075558": "we will now see the entire organization unit hierarchy", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00193-00075558-00075782": "reflected in DHIS2.", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00194-00076012-00076216": "We can first see the country level.", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00195-00076216-00076503": "This already existed when we started this example.", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00196-00076616-00076883": "Next, we can see the provincial level,", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00197-00076883-00077130": "this was the first organization unit that we added,", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00198-00077130-00077340": "in this particular example.", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00199-00077340-00077547": "If we expand the province,", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00200-00077547-00077874": "we can then see the three health networks.", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00201-00077874-00078124": "And underneath these health networks", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00202-00078124-00078401": "are the health service providers that belong to these networks.", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00203-00078935-00079215": "This organization unit hierarchy was created", "aaXk6LFWrLg-00204-00079215-00079389": "entirely through the user interface."}}, {"audio_id": "ab8DjyKfMo0", "text": {"ab8DjyKfMo0-00000-00000010-00000146": "SAFETY.", "ab8DjyKfMo0-00001-00000146-00000153": "SAFETY.", "ab8DjyKfMo0-00002-00000153-00000220": "SAFETY. DESPITE THE WARMER WEATHER,", "ab8DjyKfMo0-00003-00000220-00000226": "SAFETY. DESPITE THE WARMER WEATHER,", "ab8DjyKfMo0-00004-00000226-00000326": "SAFETY. DESPITE THE WARMER WEATHER,  WATER TEMPERATURES IN AREA LAKES", "ab8DjyKfMo0-00005-00000326-00000333": "DESPITE THE WARMER WEATHER,  WATER TEMPERATURES IN AREA LAKES", "ab8DjyKfMo0-00006-00000333-00000453": "DESPITE THE WARMER WEATHER,  WATER TEMPERATURES IN AREA LAKES ARE STILL WHAT COLD.", "ab8DjyKfMo0-00007-00000453-00000460": "WATER TEMPERATURES IN AREA LAKES ARE STILL WHAT COLD.", "ab8DjyKfMo0-00008-00000460-00000610": "WATER TEMPERATURES IN AREA LAKES ARE STILL WHAT COLD. CAMPING SEASON IS STARTING TO", "ab8DjyKfMo0-00009-00000610-00000617": "ARE STILL WHAT COLD. CAMPING SEASON IS STARTING TO", "ab8DjyKfMo0-00010-00000617-00000780": "ARE STILL WHAT COLD. CAMPING SEASON IS STARTING TO  PICK UP HERE AROUND MINNESOTA.", "ab8DjyKfMo0-00011-00000780-00000787": "CAMPING SEASON IS STARTING TO  PICK UP HERE AROUND MINNESOTA.", "ab8DjyKfMo0-00012-00000787-00000964": "CAMPING SEASON IS STARTING TO  PICK UP HERE AROUND MINNESOTA. AS MARK DAYTON'S TERM FOR", "ab8DjyKfMo0-00013-00000964-00000970": "PICK UP HERE AROUND MINNESOTA. AS MARK DAYTON'S TERM FOR", "ab8DjyKfMo0-00014-00000970-00001094": "PICK UP HERE AROUND MINNESOTA. AS MARK DAYTON'S TERM FOR  GOVERNOR COMES TO AN END, THE", "ab8DjyKfMo0-00015-00001094-00001101": "AS MARK DAYTON'S TERM FOR  GOVERNOR COMES TO AN END, THE", "ab8DjyKfMo0-00016-00001101-00001264": "AS MARK DAYTON'S TERM FOR  GOVERNOR COMES TO AN END, THE  RACE FOR A NEW GOVERNOR OF", "ab8DjyKfMo0-00017-00001264-00001271": "GOVERNOR COMES TO AN END, THE  RACE FOR A NEW GOVERNOR OF", "ab8DjyKfMo0-00018-00001271-00001414": "GOVERNOR COMES TO AN END, THE  RACE FOR A NEW GOVERNOR OF  MINNESOTA IS WILD OPEN.", "ab8DjyKfMo0-00019-00001414-00001421": "RACE FOR A NEW GOVERNOR OF  MINNESOTA IS WILD OPEN.", "ab8DjyKfMo0-00020-00001421-00001581": "RACE FOR A NEW GOVERNOR OF  MINNESOTA IS WILD OPEN. LORI SWANSON IS AMONG ONE OF THE", "ab8DjyKfMo0-00021-00001581-00001588": "MINNESOTA IS WILD OPEN. LORI SWANSON IS AMONG ONE OF THE", "ab8DjyKfMo0-00022-00001588-00001701": "MINNESOTA IS WILD OPEN. LORI SWANSON IS AMONG ONE OF THE CANDIDATES RUNNING FOR GOVERNOR,", "ab8DjyKfMo0-00023-00001701-00001708": "LORI SWANSON IS AMONG ONE OF THE CANDIDATES RUNNING FOR GOVERNOR,", "ab8DjyKfMo0-00024-00001708-00001958": "LORI SWANSON IS AMONG ONE OF THE CANDIDATES RUNNING FOR GOVERNOR, AND SHE HAS APPOINTED", "ab8DjyKfMo0-00025-00001958-00001965": "CANDIDATES RUNNING FOR GOVERNOR, AND SHE HAS APPOINTED", "ab8DjyKfMo0-00026-00001965-00002192": "CANDIDATES RUNNING FOR GOVERNOR, AND SHE HAS APPOINTED  CONGRESSMAN RICK NOLAN TO BE HER", "ab8DjyKfMo0-00027-00002192-00002198": "AND SHE HAS APPOINTED  CONGRESSMAN RICK NOLAN TO BE HER", "ab8DjyKfMo0-00028-00002198-00002298": "AND SHE HAS APPOINTED  CONGRESSMAN RICK NOLAN TO BE HER RUNNING MATE.", "ab8DjyKfMo0-00029-00002298-00002305": "CONGRESSMAN RICK NOLAN TO BE HER RUNNING MATE.", "ab8DjyKfMo0-00030-00002305-00002746": "CONGRESSMAN RICK NOLAN TO BE HER RUNNING MATE. THE TWO WERE CAMPAIGNING WITH", "ab8DjyKfMo0-00031-00002746-00002752": "RUNNING MATE. THE TWO WERE CAMPAIGNING WITH", "ab8DjyKfMo0-00032-00002752-00002929": "RUNNING MATE. THE TWO WERE CAMPAIGNING WITH  PRESS CONFERENCES IN DULUTH AND", "ab8DjyKfMo0-00033-00002929-00002936": "THE TWO WERE CAMPAIGNING WITH  PRESS CONFERENCES IN DULUTH AND", "ab8DjyKfMo0-00034-00002936-00003009": "THE TWO WERE CAMPAIGNING WITH  PRESS CONFERENCES IN DULUTH AND  BRAINERD.", "ab8DjyKfMo0-00035-00003009-00003016": "PRESS CONFERENCES IN DULUTH AND  BRAINERD.", "ab8DjyKfMo0-00036-00003016-00003343": "PRESS CONFERENCES IN DULUTH AND  BRAINERD. NOLAN HAS BEEN A U.S.", "ab8DjyKfMo0-00037-00003343-00003350": "BRAINERD. NOLAN HAS BEEN A U.S.", "ab8DjyKfMo0-00038-00003350-00003450": "BRAINERD. NOLAN HAS BEEN A U.S.  REPRESENTATIVE FOR MINNESOTA'S", "ab8DjyKfMo0-00039-00003450-00003456": "NOLAN HAS BEEN A U.S.  REPRESENTATIVE FOR MINNESOTA'S", "ab8DjyKfMo0-00040-00003456-00003736": "NOLAN HAS BEEN A U.S.  REPRESENTATIVE FOR MINNESOTA'S  8th CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT SINCE", "ab8DjyKfMo0-00041-00003736-00003743": "REPRESENTATIVE FOR MINNESOTA'S  8th CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT SINCE", "ab8DjyKfMo0-00042-00003743-00003767": "REPRESENTATIVE FOR MINNESOTA'S  8th CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT SINCE 2013.", "ab8DjyKfMo0-00043-00003767-00003773": "8th CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT SINCE 2013.", "ab8DjyKfMo0-00044-00003773-00003913": "8th CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT SINCE 2013. TWO AREAS OF FOCUS INCLUDE", "ab8DjyKfMo0-00045-00003913-00003920": "2013. TWO AREAS OF FOCUS INCLUDE", "ab8DjyKfMo0-00046-00003920-00004204": "2013. TWO AREAS OF FOCUS INCLUDE  HEALTH CARE AND EDUCATION.", "ab8DjyKfMo0-00047-00004204-00004210": "TWO AREAS OF FOCUS INCLUDE  HEALTH CARE AND EDUCATION.", "ab8DjyKfMo0-00048-00004210-00004384": "TWO AREAS OF FOCUS INCLUDE  HEALTH CARE AND EDUCATION. >> AND WE REALLY WANT TO OPERATE", "ab8DjyKfMo0-00049-00004384-00004391": "HEALTH CARE AND EDUCATION. >> AND WE REALLY WANT TO OPERATE", "ab8DjyKfMo0-00050-00004391-00004584": "HEALTH CARE AND EDUCATION. >> AND WE REALLY WANT TO OPERATE AS A TEAM WHO USES OUR COMBINED", "ab8DjyKfMo0-00051-00004584-00004591": ">> AND WE REALLY WANT TO OPERATE AS A TEAM WHO USES OUR COMBINED", "ab8DjyKfMo0-00052-00004591-00004697": ">> AND WE REALLY WANT TO OPERATE AS A TEAM WHO USES OUR COMBINED  EXPERIENCE TO MAKE A POSITIVE", "ab8DjyKfMo0-00053-00004697-00004704": "AS A TEAM WHO USES OUR COMBINED  EXPERIENCE TO MAKE A POSITIVE", "ab8DjyKfMo0-00054-00004704-00004801": "AS A TEAM WHO USES OUR COMBINED  EXPERIENCE TO MAKE A POSITIVE  DIFFERENCE FOR MINNESOTA.", "ab8DjyKfMo0-00055-00004801-00004808": "EXPERIENCE TO MAKE A POSITIVE  DIFFERENCE FOR MINNESOTA.", "ab8DjyKfMo0-00056-00004808-00005004": "EXPERIENCE TO MAKE A POSITIVE  DIFFERENCE FOR MINNESOTA. WE WANT TO MAKE SURE PEOPLE HAVE", "ab8DjyKfMo0-00057-00005004-00005011": "DIFFERENCE FOR MINNESOTA. WE WANT TO MAKE SURE PEOPLE HAVE", "ab8DjyKfMo0-00058-00005011-00005221": "DIFFERENCE FOR MINNESOTA. WE WANT TO MAKE SURE PEOPLE HAVE JOBS THAT CAN SUPPORT A FAMILY,", "ab8DjyKfMo0-00059-00005221-00005228": "WE WANT TO MAKE SURE PEOPLE HAVE JOBS THAT CAN SUPPORT A FAMILY,", "ab8DjyKfMo0-00060-00005228-00005368": "WE WANT TO MAKE SURE PEOPLE HAVE JOBS THAT CAN SUPPORT A FAMILY,  THAT PEOPLE HAVE PENSIONS SO", "ab8DjyKfMo0-00061-00005368-00005375": "JOBS THAT CAN SUPPORT A FAMILY,  THAT PEOPLE HAVE PENSIONS SO", "ab8DjyKfMo0-00062-00005375-00005548": "JOBS THAT CAN SUPPORT A FAMILY,  THAT PEOPLE HAVE PENSIONS SO  THEY CAN HAVE A DIGNIFIED", "ab8DjyKfMo0-00063-00005548-00005555": "THAT PEOPLE HAVE PENSIONS SO  THEY CAN HAVE A DIGNIFIED", "ab8DjyKfMo0-00064-00005555-00005625": "THAT PEOPLE HAVE PENSIONS SO  THEY CAN HAVE A DIGNIFIED  RETIREMENT, THAT THEY HAVE", "ab8DjyKfMo0-00065-00005625-00005632": "THEY CAN HAVE A DIGNIFIED  RETIREMENT, THAT THEY HAVE", "ab8DjyKfMo0-00066-00005632-00005698": "THEY CAN HAVE A DIGNIFIED  RETIREMENT, THAT THEY HAVE  HEALTH CARE THAT DOESN'T", "ab8DjyKfMo0-00067-00005698-00005705": "RETIREMENT, THAT THEY HAVE  HEALTH CARE THAT DOESN'T", "ab8DjyKfMo0-00068-00005705-00005999": "RETIREMENT, THAT THEY HAVE  HEALTH CARE THAT DOESN'T  BANKRUPT THEIR FAMILIES, AND", "ab8DjyKfMo0-00069-00005999-00006005": "HEALTH CARE THAT DOESN'T  BANKRUPT THEIR FAMILIES, AND", "ab8DjyKfMo0-00070-00006005-00006162": "HEALTH CARE THAT DOESN'T  BANKRUPT THEIR FAMILIES, AND  THAT THEY CAN GIVE THEIR KIDS A", "ab8DjyKfMo0-00071-00006162-00006169": "BANKRUPT THEIR FAMILIES, AND  THAT THEY CAN GIVE THEIR KIDS A", "ab8DjyKfMo0-00072-00006169-00006372": "BANKRUPT THEIR FAMILIES, AND  THAT THEY CAN GIVE THEIR KIDS A  GOOD AND AFFORDABLE EDUCATION.", "ab8DjyKfMo0-00073-00006372-00006379": "THAT THEY CAN GIVE THEIR KIDS A  GOOD AND AFFORDABLE EDUCATION.", "ab8DjyKfMo0-00074-00006379-00007290": "THAT THEY CAN GIVE THEIR KIDS A  GOOD AND AFFORDABLE EDUCATION. >> SHE WANTS ME TO HELP ADVISE", "ab8DjyKfMo0-00075-00007290-00007297": "GOOD AND AFFORDABLE EDUCATION. >> SHE WANTS ME TO HELP ADVISE", "ab8DjyKfMo0-00076-00007297-00007454": "GOOD AND AFFORDABLE EDUCATION. >> SHE WANTS ME TO HELP ADVISE  AND COUNSEL HER ON THE STATE", "ab8DjyKfMo0-00077-00007454-00007460": ">> SHE WANTS ME TO HELP ADVISE  AND COUNSEL HER ON THE STATE", "ab8DjyKfMo0-00078-00007460-00007577": ">> SHE WANTS ME TO HELP ADVISE  AND COUNSEL HER ON THE STATE  RELATIONS ASPECT OF IT.", "ab8DjyKfMo0-00079-00007577-00007584": "AND COUNSEL HER ON THE STATE  RELATIONS ASPECT OF IT.", "ab8DjyKfMo0-00080-00007584-00007991": "AND COUNSEL HER ON THE STATE  RELATIONS ASPECT OF IT. HAVING SERVED IN BOTH HOUSES IN", "ab8DjyKfMo0-00081-00007991-00007997": "RELATIONS ASPECT OF IT. HAVING SERVED IN BOTH HOUSES IN", "ab8DjyKfMo0-00082-00007997-00008254": "RELATIONS ASPECT OF IT. HAVING SERVED IN BOTH HOUSES IN  THE LEGISLATURE, WE WOULD HAVE A", "ab8DjyKfMo0-00083-00008254-00008261": "HAVING SERVED IN BOTH HOUSES IN  THE LEGISLATURE, WE WOULD HAVE A", "ab8DjyKfMo0-00084-00008261-00008401": "HAVING SERVED IN BOTH HOUSES IN  THE LEGISLATURE, WE WOULD HAVE A REAL TEAM APPROACH IN GETTING", "ab8DjyKfMo0-00085-00008401-00008408": "THE LEGISLATURE, WE WOULD HAVE A REAL TEAM APPROACH IN GETTING", "ab8DjyKfMo0-00086-00008408-00008558": "THE LEGISLATURE, WE WOULD HAVE A REAL TEAM APPROACH IN GETTING  THINGS DONE FOR THE PEOPLE OF", "ab8DjyKfMo0-00087-00008558-00008565": "REAL TEAM APPROACH IN GETTING  THINGS DONE FOR THE PEOPLE OF", "ab8DjyKfMo0-00088-00008565-00008595": "REAL TEAM APPROACH IN GETTING  THINGS DONE FOR THE PEOPLE OF  MINNESOTA.", "ab8DjyKfMo0-00089-00008595-00008601": "THINGS DONE FOR THE PEOPLE OF  MINNESOTA.", "ab8DjyKfMo0-00090-00008601-00008742": "THINGS DONE FOR THE PEOPLE OF  MINNESOTA. >> Josh: ELECTION DAY IS"}}, {"audio_id": "abiGtDwdEiy", "text": {}}, {"audio_id": "abqXK732e-U", "text": {"abqXK732e-U-00000-00000000-00000200": "Robbe & ASTRODIA - Fix Your Heart"}}, {"audio_id": "abvQ6KedUmU", "text": {"abvQ6KedUmU-00000-00000010-00000210": "THE FALSE LARGE SCALED SEARCH.", "abvQ6KedUmU-00001-00000210-00000216": "THE FALSE LARGE SCALED SEARCH.", "abvQ6KedUmU-00002-00000216-00000477": "THE FALSE LARGE SCALED SEARCH. >>> THE MORRISON COUNTY", "abvQ6KedUmU-00003-00000477-00000483": "THE FALSE LARGE SCALED SEARCH. >>> THE MORRISON COUNTY", "abvQ6KedUmU-00004-00000483-00000587": "THE FALSE LARGE SCALED SEARCH. >>> THE MORRISON COUNTY  SHERIFF'S OFFICE IS SEEKING THE", "abvQ6KedUmU-00005-00000587-00000593": ">>> THE MORRISON COUNTY  SHERIFF'S OFFICE IS SEEKING THE", "abvQ6KedUmU-00006-00000593-00000700": ">>> THE MORRISON COUNTY  SHERIFF'S OFFICE IS SEEKING THE  PUBLIC'S HELP IN IDENTIFYING A", "abvQ6KedUmU-00007-00000700-00000707": "SHERIFF'S OFFICE IS SEEKING THE  PUBLIC'S HELP IN IDENTIFYING A", "abvQ6KedUmU-00008-00000707-00000800": "SHERIFF'S OFFICE IS SEEKING THE  PUBLIC'S HELP IN IDENTIFYING A  SUSPECT IN A BURGLARY.", "abvQ6KedUmU-00009-00000800-00000807": "PUBLIC'S HELP IN IDENTIFYING A  SUSPECT IN A BURGLARY.", "abvQ6KedUmU-00010-00000807-00000904": "PUBLIC'S HELP IN IDENTIFYING A  SUSPECT IN A BURGLARY. ACCORDING TO THE SHERIFF'S", "abvQ6KedUmU-00011-00000904-00000910": "SUSPECT IN A BURGLARY. ACCORDING TO THE SHERIFF'S", "abvQ6KedUmU-00012-00000910-00001121": "SUSPECT IN A BURGLARY. ACCORDING TO THE SHERIFF'S  OFFICE, THE SUSPECT ENTERED THE", "abvQ6KedUmU-00013-00001121-00001127": "ACCORDING TO THE SHERIFF'S  OFFICE, THE SUSPECT ENTERED THE", "abvQ6KedUmU-00014-00001127-00001501": "ACCORDING TO THE SHERIFF'S  OFFICE, THE SUSPECT ENTERED THE RANDALL CAFÉ IN RANDALL JUST", "abvQ6KedUmU-00015-00001501-00001508": "OFFICE, THE SUSPECT ENTERED THE RANDALL CAFÉ IN RANDALL JUST", "abvQ6KedUmU-00016-00001508-00001654": "OFFICE, THE SUSPECT ENTERED THE RANDALL CAFÉ IN RANDALL JUST  BEFORE 10:00 ON DECEMBER 18TH", "abvQ6KedUmU-00017-00001654-00001661": "RANDALL CAFÉ IN RANDALL JUST  BEFORE 10:00 ON DECEMBER 18TH", "abvQ6KedUmU-00018-00001661-00001728": "RANDALL CAFÉ IN RANDALL JUST  BEFORE 10:00 ON DECEMBER 18TH  USING A PRY BAR TO GAIN ACCESS", "abvQ6KedUmU-00019-00001728-00001735": "BEFORE 10:00 ON DECEMBER 18TH  USING A PRY BAR TO GAIN ACCESS", "abvQ6KedUmU-00020-00001735-00001808": "BEFORE 10:00 ON DECEMBER 18TH  USING A PRY BAR TO GAIN ACCESS  THROUGH A DOOR ON THE WEST SIDE", "abvQ6KedUmU-00021-00001808-00001815": "USING A PRY BAR TO GAIN ACCESS  THROUGH A DOOR ON THE WEST SIDE", "abvQ6KedUmU-00022-00001815-00002082": "USING A PRY BAR TO GAIN ACCESS  THROUGH A DOOR ON THE WEST SIDE  OF THE BUILDING.", "abvQ6KedUmU-00023-00002082-00002088": "THROUGH A DOOR ON THE WEST SIDE  OF THE BUILDING.", "abvQ6KedUmU-00024-00002088-00002242": "THROUGH A DOOR ON THE WEST SIDE  OF THE BUILDING. THE SHERIFF'S OFFICE BELIEVES", "abvQ6KedUmU-00025-00002242-00002248": "OF THE BUILDING. THE SHERIFF'S OFFICE BELIEVES", "abvQ6KedUmU-00026-00002248-00002409": "OF THE BUILDING. THE SHERIFF'S OFFICE BELIEVES  THE SUSPECT WHO YOU SEE HERE", "abvQ6KedUmU-00027-00002409-00002415": "THE SHERIFF'S OFFICE BELIEVES  THE SUSPECT WHO YOU SEE HERE", "abvQ6KedUmU-00028-00002415-00002565": "THE SHERIFF'S OFFICE BELIEVES  THE SUSPECT WHO YOU SEE HERE IS CAUCASIAN, BUT THE GENDER IS", "abvQ6KedUmU-00029-00002565-00002572": "THE SUSPECT WHO YOU SEE HERE IS CAUCASIAN, BUT THE GENDER IS", "abvQ6KedUmU-00030-00002572-00002665": "THE SUSPECT WHO YOU SEE HERE IS CAUCASIAN, BUT THE GENDER IS  UNKNOWN AT THE TIME.", "abvQ6KedUmU-00031-00002665-00002672": "IS CAUCASIAN, BUT THE GENDER IS  UNKNOWN AT THE TIME.", "abvQ6KedUmU-00032-00002672-00002939": "IS CAUCASIAN, BUT THE GENDER IS  UNKNOWN AT THE TIME. THE SUSPECT APPEARS TO BE", "abvQ6KedUmU-00033-00002939-00002946": "UNKNOWN AT THE TIME. THE SUSPECT APPEARS TO BE", "abvQ6KedUmU-00034-00002946-00003053": "UNKNOWN AT THE TIME. THE SUSPECT APPEARS TO BE  APPROXIMATELY 5'11\" AND IS", "abvQ6KedUmU-00035-00003053-00003059": "THE SUSPECT APPEARS TO BE  APPROXIMATELY 5'11\" AND IS", "abvQ6KedUmU-00036-00003059-00003273": "THE SUSPECT APPEARS TO BE  APPROXIMATELY 5'11\" AND IS  WEARING A SKI MASK, DARK COAT,", "abvQ6KedUmU-00037-00003273-00003279": "APPROXIMATELY 5'11\" AND IS  WEARING A SKI MASK, DARK COAT,", "abvQ6KedUmU-00038-00003279-00003376": "APPROXIMATELY 5'11\" AND IS  WEARING A SKI MASK, DARK COAT,  AND A HOOD AND GLOVES.", "abvQ6KedUmU-00039-00003376-00003383": "WEARING A SKI MASK, DARK COAT,  AND A HOOD AND GLOVES.", "abvQ6KedUmU-00040-00003383-00003586": "WEARING A SKI MASK, DARK COAT,  AND A HOOD AND GLOVES. IF ANYONE HAS INFORMATION", "abvQ6KedUmU-00041-00003586-00003593": "AND A HOOD AND GLOVES. IF ANYONE HAS INFORMATION", "abvQ6KedUmU-00042-00003593-00003750": "AND A HOOD AND GLOVES. IF ANYONE HAS INFORMATION  REGARDING THE BURGLARY, THEY ARE"}}, {"audio_id": "abDsZveXp68", "text": {"abDsZveXp68-00000-00000234-00000476": "- My name is Elaine Kolb.", "abDsZveXp68-00001-00000476-00000822": "I'm 64 as in, \"Will you still need me?", "abDsZveXp68-00002-00000822-00001041": "Will you still feed me when I'm 64?\"", "abDsZveXp68-00003-00001041-00001209": "Well I am.", "abDsZveXp68-00004-00001209-00001362": "When I first heard that song", "abDsZveXp68-00005-00001362-00001832": "I thought it was gonna be a long time before I was 64,", "abDsZveXp68-00006-00001832-00001977": "but here I am.", "abDsZveXp68-00007-00002460-00002826": "On September 30th, 1977,", "abDsZveXp68-00008-00002826-00002998": "I was 28 years old", "abDsZveXp68-00009-00003087-00003471": "and a stranger came up to me and grabbed me,", "abDsZveXp68-00010-00003471-00003762": "attempted robbery, stabbed me in the back.", "abDsZveXp68-00011-00003939-00004344": "Up till then I, if anything, I was abnormally healthy.", "abDsZveXp68-00012-00004344-00004563": "I'd never even had a broken bone.", "abDsZveXp68-00013-00004653-00005061": "The only time I was in the hospital was when I was born", "abDsZveXp68-00014-00005061-00005256": "and to get my tonsils out.", "abDsZveXp68-00015-00005424-00005871": "There I was, almost died, had a spinal cord injury.", "abDsZveXp68-00016-00005979-00006225": "They didn't think I'd ever walk again.", "abDsZveXp68-00017-00006462-00006681": "Well, medicine is wonderful", "abDsZveXp68-00018-00006681-00006961": "but there's a reason why they say it's still practicing.", "abDsZveXp68-00019-00007050-00007176": "They are still practicing.", "abDsZveXp68-00020-00007176-00007259": "They don't know.", "abDsZveXp68-00021-00007259-00007542": "They're just trying to figure it out best they can", "abDsZveXp68-00022-00007542-00007863": "and do the best they can under the circumstances.", "abDsZveXp68-00023-00007863-00008079": "But they don't know.", "abDsZveXp68-00024-00008238-00008634": "You can't say whether somebody's gonna live or die for sure.", "abDsZveXp68-00025-00008727-00009003": "Some people seem to be just fine.", "abDsZveXp68-00026-00009003-00009388": "My sister had surgery yesterday", "abDsZveXp68-00027-00009480-00009721": "and last night they said she was just fine", "abDsZveXp68-00028-00009825-00010059": "and then she had a blood clot", "abDsZveXp68-00029-00010059-00010398": "and they took her back in for another surgery.", "abDsZveXp68-00030-00010536-00010881": "And as far as I know, she's fine and in intensive care,", "abDsZveXp68-00031-00010881-00011175": "but you don't know these things.", "abDsZveXp68-00032-00011385-00011701": "That's why this is so important", "abDsZveXp68-00033-00011925-00012258": "because real people are in real agony at times", "abDsZveXp68-00034-00012258-00012498": "and we don't know what to do.", "abDsZveXp68-00035-00012498-00012766": "And we look to medical experts", "abDsZveXp68-00036-00012869-00013191": "and they do the best they can, but they don't know either.", "abDsZveXp68-00037-00013614-00013876": "This is very emotional for me", "abDsZveXp68-00038-00013991-00014376": "because it was 15 years ago", "abDsZveXp68-00039-00014376-00014688": "last Monday, March 10th,", "abDsZveXp68-00040-00014976-00015258": "when my partner Patty Deke,", "abDsZveXp68-00041-00015258-00015594": "we had been together for 11 and a half years,", "abDsZveXp68-00042-00015594-00016011": "when she died at hospice in Branford.", "abDsZveXp68-00043-00016287-00016554": "And it's one of the many blessings of my life", "abDsZveXp68-00044-00016554-00016938": "that I got to be there holding her hand when she died.", "abDsZveXp68-00045-00016938-00017438": "But she lived her whole life under a death sentence.", "abDsZveXp68-00046-00017460-00017748": "She was told from the time she was a little girl", "abDsZveXp68-00047-00017748-00018009": "that she would not live very long", "abDsZveXp68-00048-00018009-00018249": "and that she should expect to die young.", "abDsZveXp68-00049-00018429-00018678": "She had something like muscular dystrophy", "abDsZveXp68-00050-00018678-00018861": "which is one of those wonderful things", "abDsZveXp68-00051-00018861-00019074": "that just gets worse all the time.", "abDsZveXp68-00052-00019074-00019344": "Fight as hard as you can, do the very best you can.", "abDsZveXp68-00053-00019344-00019476": "You will only get worse.", "abDsZveXp68-00054-00019638-00019860": "And that was the life she lived", "abDsZveXp68-00055-00019860-00020043": "and she had many complications", "abDsZveXp68-00056-00020043-00020286": "and she almost died many times.", "abDsZveXp68-00057-00020376-00020679": "And so many people were so willing to say,", "abDsZveXp68-00058-00020679-00020907": "\"Don't you think you should let her go?\"", "abDsZveXp68-00059-00020907-00021066": "They would tell me,", "abDsZveXp68-00060-00021066-00021318": "\"Don't you think it's time to let her go?\"", "abDsZveXp68-00061-00021318-00021540": "And I would say, \"You know what?", "abDsZveXp68-00062-00021540-00021942": "If you're not gonna do everything you can to save her life,", "abDsZveXp68-00063-00021942-00022161": "I want a different doctor.", "abDsZveXp68-00064-00022161-00022368": "'Cause she's fighting for her life", "abDsZveXp68-00065-00022368-00022577": "and it's my job to back her up.\"", "abDsZveXp68-00066-00022845-00023076": "There's a lot of people out there like Patty,", "abDsZveXp68-00067-00023271-00023559": "people with disabilities, people that are fighting", "abDsZveXp68-00068-00023559-00023943": "to stay alive under very difficult circumstances.", "abDsZveXp68-00069-00023943-00024147": "Don't offer us poison pills.", "abDsZveXp68-00070-00024348-00024606": "Give us a chance to live in freedom.", "abDsZveXp68-00071-00024606-00024783": "Give us the equipment that we need,", "abDsZveXp68-00072-00024783-00024972": "give us the home care that we need.", "abDsZveXp68-00073-00024972-00025086": "Stop cutting back.", "abDsZveXp68-00074-00025239-00025566": "This country cut back food stamps.", "abDsZveXp68-00075-00025566-00025692": "Come on folks.", "abDsZveXp68-00076-00025947-00026102": "And yet, in the midst of all this,", "abDsZveXp68-00077-00026102-00026322": "the reason we keep coming,", "abDsZveXp68-00078-00026322-00026551": "the reason we keep fighting as hard as we do", "abDsZveXp68-00079-00026670-00026982": "is to honor the ones who have fought so hard", "abDsZveXp68-00080-00026982-00027237": "who have passed on before us.", "abDsZveXp68-00081-00027237-00027639": "And so when I sing, I call upon them.", "abDsZveXp68-00082-00027639-00027822": "I ask them,", "abDsZveXp68-00083-00027822-00028214": "including my partner Patty and my sister Carol,", "abDsZveXp68-00084-00028214-00028714": "who died after fighting, surviving 12 brain surgeries", "abDsZveXp68-00085-00028881-00029247": "for serial tumors, one after another", "abDsZveXp68-00086-00029247-00029517": "and she died in hospice care, too.", "abDsZveXp68-00087-00029517-00029702": "It was a great blessing,", "abDsZveXp68-00088-00029702-00030038": "more palliative care, more hospice care,", "abDsZveXp68-00089-00030038-00030273": "and more community services", "abDsZveXp68-00090-00030273-00030507": "so people can have a life worth living.", "abDsZveXp68-00091-00030507-00030783": "No, no assisted suicide. No.", "abDsZveXp68-00092-00030873-00031035": "And this song,", "abDsZveXp68-00093-00031145-00031275": "you got the words please?", "abDsZveXp68-00094-00031576-00031839": "The song is We're Not Dead Yet.", "abDsZveXp68-00095-00031839-00032138": "There's an organization called Not Dead Yet.", "abDsZveXp68-00096-00032138-00032262": "Okay?", "abDsZveXp68-00097-00032349-00032607": "Do you know what it comes from Monty Python?", "abDsZveXp68-00098-00032712-00032795": "Okay.", "abDsZveXp68-00099-00032795-00032950": "You know, they were going around to get,", "abDsZveXp68-00100-00032950-00033156": "picking up the people that were dead", "abDsZveXp68-00101-00033156-00033345": "from the plague and stuff.", "abDsZveXp68-00102-00033345-00033708": "They picked up this guy and he says, \"Not dead yet.\"", "abDsZveXp68-00103-00033708-00033801": "\"Oh sure you are.\"", "abDsZveXp68-00104-00033801-00033999": "\"Oh no, not quite,", "abDsZveXp68-00105-00033999-00034281": "in fact I was feeling pretty good today.\"", "abDsZveXp68-00106-00034281-00034572": "- And their CEO and New England Regional Director", "abDsZveXp68-00107-00034572-00034772": "are our national advisors.", "abDsZveXp68-00108-00034772-00035039": "(Elaine laughs)", "abDsZveXp68-00109-00035309-00035636": "♪ We are not dead yet ♪", "abDsZveXp68-00110-00035636-00035987": "♪ We can boogie with the best of them ♪", "abDsZveXp68-00111-00035987-00036305": "♪ We are not dead yet ♪", "abDsZveXp68-00112-00036305-00036524": "♪ We can laugh and have some fun ♪", "abDsZveXp68-00113-00036524-00036849": "♪ \"'Cause we're not dead yet ♪", "abDsZveXp68-00114-00036849-00037234": "♪ We're fighting for our freedom ♪", "abDsZveXp68-00115-00037234-00037507": "♪ And we'll never die ♪", "abDsZveXp68-00116-00037507-00037910": "♪ 'Cause our spirit will live on. ♪", "abDsZveXp68-00117-00037910-00038273": "♪ Will the outcasts of the outcasts ♪", "abDsZveXp68-00118-00038273-00038590": "♪ Become the leaders of today? ♪", "abDsZveXp68-00119-00038590-00038896": "♪ The ones I used to throw away to die ♪", "abDsZveXp68-00120-00038896-00039129": "♪ Are teaching us a better way ♪", "abDsZveXp68-00121-00039129-00039510": "♪ Well I'm positive if you're HIV ♪", "abDsZveXp68-00122-00039510-00039811": "♪ You can understand this song ♪", "abDsZveXp68-00123-00039811-00040073": "♪ The last will be first and the first will be last ♪", "abDsZveXp68-00124-00040073-00040305": "♪ And there's more than one way to be strong ♪", "abDsZveXp68-00125-00040305-00040565": "Come on, you know the chorus now.", "abDsZveXp68-00126-00040565-00040847": "♪ 'Cause we're not dead yet ♪", "abDsZveXp68-00127-00040847-00041146": "♪ And we can boogie with the best of them ♪", "abDsZveXp68-00128-00041146-00041471": "♪ We are not dead yet ♪", "abDsZveXp68-00129-00041471-00041761": "♪ We can laugh and have some fun ♪", "abDsZveXp68-00130-00041761-00042105": "♪ We're not dead yet ♪", "abDsZveXp68-00131-00042105-00042353": "♪ Fighting for our freedom ♪", "abDsZveXp68-00132-00042353-00042628": "♪ And we'll never die ♪", "abDsZveXp68-00133-00042628-00043054": "♪ 'Cause our spirit will live on ♪", "abDsZveXp68-00134-00043054-00043407": "♪ Well, when you take away our services, ♪", "abDsZveXp68-00135-00043407-00043738": "♪ We don't know how we'll survive ♪", "abDsZveXp68-00136-00043738-00043975": "♪ Since death is cost effective ♪", "abDsZveXp68-00137-00043975-00044335": "♪ Do you want us dead or alive? ♪", "abDsZveXp68-00138-00044335-00044834": "♪ I really wonder about that sometimes, don't you? ♪", "abDsZveXp68-00139-00044834-00045188": "♪ Well, when you take away the things we need ♪", "abDsZveXp68-00140-00045188-00045509": "♪ We don't know how we will cope ♪", "abDsZveXp68-00141-00045509-00045812": "♪ When you cut our means of security ♪", "abDsZveXp68-00142-00045812-00046047": "♪ You take away our hope ♪", "abDsZveXp68-00143-00046047-00046411": "♪ But we're not dead yet ♪", "abDsZveXp68-00144-00046411-00046666": "♪ We can boogie with best of them ♪", "abDsZveXp68-00145-00046666-00046996": "♪ We are not dead yet ♪", "abDsZveXp68-00146-00046996-00047214": "♪ We can laugh and have some fun ♪", "abDsZveXp68-00147-00047214-00047559": "♪ 'Cause we're not dead yet ♪", "abDsZveXp68-00148-00047559-00047840": "♪ We're fighting for our freedom ♪", "abDsZveXp68-00149-00047840-00048103": "♪ And we'll never die ♪", "abDsZveXp68-00150-00048103-00048525": "♪ 'Cause our spirit will live on ♪", "abDsZveXp68-00151-00048525-00048824": "♪ Well if Medicaid does not aid us ♪", "abDsZveXp68-00152-00048824-00049150": "♪ If Medicare does not care ♪", "abDsZveXp68-00153-00049150-00049414": "♪ Millions of us will suffer ♪", "abDsZveXp68-00154-00049414-00049684": "♪ How can you believe that's fair? ♪", "abDsZveXp68-00155-00049684-00049942": "♪ If you want to cut back funding ♪", "abDsZveXp68-00156-00049942-00050306": "♪ Stop the welfare for the rich ♪", "abDsZveXp68-00157-00050306-00050560": "♪ Billions bail out the billionaires ♪", "abDsZveXp68-00158-00050560-00050842": "♪ While we're trapped down in a ditch ♪", "abDsZveXp68-00159-00050842-00051163": "♪ But we're not dead yet ♪", "abDsZveXp68-00160-00051163-00051435": "♪ We can boogie with the best of them ♪", "abDsZveXp68-00161-00051435-00051758": "♪ We are not dead yet ♪", "abDsZveXp68-00162-00051758-00052002": "♪ We can laugh and have some fun ♪", "abDsZveXp68-00163-00052002-00052339": "♪ Oh, we're not dead yet ♪", "abDsZveXp68-00164-00052339-00052629": "♪ Fighting for our freedom ♪", "abDsZveXp68-00165-00052629-00052850": "♪ And we'll never die ♪", "abDsZveXp68-00166-00052850-00053267": "♪ \"Cause our spirit will live on ♪", "abDsZveXp68-00167-00053267-00053607": "♪ Don't you know it's a battle cry for freedom ♪", "abDsZveXp68-00168-00053607-00053885": "♪ Through the healing power of love ♪", "abDsZveXp68-00169-00053885-00054174": "♪ It's the hope we share from our vision ♪", "abDsZveXp68-00170-00054174-00054446": "♪ Deep inside, up above ♪", "abDsZveXp68-00171-00054446-00054776": "♪ It's the peace that comes from the struggle to be ♪", "abDsZveXp68-00172-00054776-00055029": "♪ As brave as we can be ♪", "abDsZveXp68-00173-00055029-00055326": "♪ We are proud, we are humble ♪", "abDsZveXp68-00174-00055326-00055571": "♪ And the truth will set us free ♪", "abDsZveXp68-00175-00055571-00055901": "♪ 'Cause we're not dead yet ♪", "abDsZveXp68-00176-00055901-00056178": "♪ We can boogie with the best of them ♪", "abDsZveXp68-00177-00056178-00056454": "♪ We are not dead yet ♪", "abDsZveXp68-00178-00056454-00056715": "♪ We can laugh and have some fun ♪", "abDsZveXp68-00179-00056715-00057003": "♪ 'Cause we're not dead yet ♪", "abDsZveXp68-00180-00057003-00057320": "♪ We're fighting for our freedom ♪", "abDsZveXp68-00181-00057320-00057604": "♪ And we'll never die ♪", "abDsZveXp68-00182-00057604-00058013": "♪ 'Cause our spirit will live on ♪", "abDsZveXp68-00183-00058455-00058755": "(audience applauds)"}}, {"audio_id": "abEVm8mAohA", "text": {"abEVm8mAohA-00000-00000204-00000358": "This is Canada thistle--", "abEVm8mAohA-00001-00000358-00000574": "Cirsium arvense.", "abEVm8mAohA-00002-00000574-00000889": "It's a perennial rhizomatous colony-forming invasive", "abEVm8mAohA-00003-00000889-00001324": "species with alternate leaves that are very prickly.", "abEVm8mAohA-00004-00001324-00001669": "It can be found in wetlands and prairies in full sun", "abEVm8mAohA-00005-00001669-00002107": "where rich soils allow its spread.", "abEVm8mAohA-00006-00002107-00002659": "It doesn't like competition and often is found without anything", "abEVm8mAohA-00007-00002659-00002833": "else growing near it.", "abEVm8mAohA-00008-00002833-00003352": "Later in summer, you can see its multiple purple blossoms", "abEVm8mAohA-00009-00003352-00003639": "on the highways and roadsides."}}, {"audio_id": "abF7LE2l6Zc", "text": {"abF7LE2l6Zc-00000-00000246-00000795": "I have a rather unpleasant secret to tell you. Something that the cancer research community", "abF7LE2l6Zc-00001-00000795-00001463": "don't really like to talk about. Here it is: \"There are no cures for cancer, and it's highly", "abF7LE2l6Zc-00002-00001463-00002155": "unlikely there ever will be.\" I'm sorry, that's simply the harsh reality. We may develop better", "abF7LE2l6Zc-00003-00002155-00002703": "and better treatments, we may develop vaccines or preventative measures, and our lifestyles", "abF7LE2l6Zc-00004-00002703-00003419": "may improve over time. Our ability to diagnose will steadily improve, and someday the shrink", "abF7LE2l6Zc-00005-00003419-00004244": "ray or biofilters or nanobots may make cancer a minor inconvenience, but cancer is built", "abF7LE2l6Zc-00006-00004244-00005012": "into our biology. It's... us, gone abnormal. It is as diverse as we are, and possessed", "abF7LE2l6Zc-00007-00005012-00005554": "of the same adaptability, resistance to harm, and made of the same stuff.", "abF7LE2l6Zc-00008-00005554-00006258": "This is what makes it so difficult to treat. Poisoning cancer means poisoning a part of", "abF7LE2l6Zc-00009-00006258-00006929": "us that's acting selfishly. The differences between our normal cells and our cancer cells", "abF7LE2l6Zc-00010-00006929-00007584": "are small, and scientists attempt to exploit those small differences to design cancer therapies", "abF7LE2l6Zc-00011-00007584-00008243": "that are more harmful to the patient's cancer than it is to the cancer patient.", "abF7LE2l6Zc-00012-00008243-00008671": "So, a lot of people have sent me a request to address the recent announcement by the", "abF7LE2l6Zc-00013-00008671-00009549": "University of Alberta on the cure for cancer called DCA. The very phrase \"cure for cancer\"", "abF7LE2l6Zc-00014-00009549-00010067": "tells me that a researcher is not writing this press release. It's mostly filled with", "abF7LE2l6Zc-00015-00010067-00010827": "misinformation, or at least marketing spin, and I want to explain the why and how of DCA", "abF7LE2l6Zc-00016-00010827-00011567": "for cancer. It is a promising drug for cancer therapy, but the evidence doesn't match the", "abF7LE2l6Zc-00017-00011567-00011740": "hype its receiving.", "abF7LE2l6Zc-00018-00011740-00012522": "DCA stands for dichloroacetic acid, which is a very small, very simply compound. It's", "abF7LE2l6Zc-00019-00012522-00013050": "a byproduct of municipal water purification, specifically of chlorination, and getting", "abF7LE2l6Zc-00020-00013050-00013626": "rid of it safely is the subject of a lot of research. It's not a nice chemical to dump", "abF7LE2l6Zc-00021-00013626-00014003": "in our waterways, so making sure all of it is recovered is important.", "abF7LE2l6Zc-00022-00014003-00014819": "DCA has also long been used to treat certain metabolic disorders. It inhibits an enzyme", "abF7LE2l6Zc-00023-00014819-00015341": "involved in the metabolism of sugar in the mitochondrion. This is important for people", "abF7LE2l6Zc-00024-00015341-00016051": "who overproduce lactic acid, which DCA helps to reduce the production of. It's been approved", "abF7LE2l6Zc-00025-00016051-00016603": "for use for lactic acidosis for years, where it's pretty effective.", "abF7LE2l6Zc-00026-00016603-00017036": "So, we know that DCA is a byproduct of water treatment, and we know that there medical", "abF7LE2l6Zc-00027-00017036-00017681": "uses of it for metabolic disorders. Now we get to the exciting part. It turns out it", "abF7LE2l6Zc-00028-00017681-00018383": "has metabolic effects on cancer as well. Cancer cells have long been known to have unusual", "abF7LE2l6Zc-00029-00018383-00018892": "mitochondrial biology, going back to a German doctor named Warburg, and the effect is called", "abF7LE2l6Zc-00030-00018892-00019125": "the Warburg effect.", "abF7LE2l6Zc-00031-00019125-00019835": "Tumor cells often use glycolysis instead of oxygen based respiration. Glycolysis is an", "abF7LE2l6Zc-00032-00019835-00020358": "alternate way of burning sugar that is less efficient, but not dependent on the delivery", "abF7LE2l6Zc-00033-00020358-00020977": "of oxygen. This means that a tumor can grow beyond the ability of the blood vessels around", "abF7LE2l6Zc-00034-00020977-00021663": "it to support its normal oxygen demands. That's why tumors are often dense masses, hard to", "abF7LE2l6Zc-00035-00021663-00021940": "penetrate with normal chemotherapies.", "abF7LE2l6Zc-00036-00021940-00022561": "A second effect of glycolysis is that it interferes with the normal cellular suicide that damaged", "abF7LE2l6Zc-00037-00022561-00023404": "cells commit, called apoptosis or apoPtosis. If we could coax cancer cells into only using", "abF7LE2l6Zc-00038-00023404-00023856": "respiration, they wouldn't be able to grow so big without more blood vessels to supply", "abF7LE2l6Zc-00039-00023856-00024451": "oxygen. If we could coax their mitochondrion into normal functioning, it could trigger", "abF7LE2l6Zc-00040-00024451-00025063": "cellular suicide responses, as they recognize themselves to be malfunctioning.", "abF7LE2l6Zc-00041-00025063-00025844": "So, does DCA do this? Yes, it does, in certain types of tumor, especially in neuroblastoma,", "abF7LE2l6Zc-00042-00025844-00026662": "although the results are still pretty preliminary. What makes DCA most valuable, in my estimation,", "abF7LE2l6Zc-00043-00026662-00027327": "is that it cooperates or synergizes with other types of therapy. It helps the action of traditional", "abF7LE2l6Zc-00044-00027327-00028004": "chemo, by making the cancer cells more sensitive to oxygen metabolism, or more frail to metabolic", "abF7LE2l6Zc-00045-00028004-00028684": "interference. So far, it's proven that it increases the effect of radiation, gene therapy", "abF7LE2l6Zc-00046-00028684-00028802": "and", "abF7LE2l6Zc-00047-00028802-00029437": "DCA is pretty exciting as an adjunct therapy, and that's currently being examined. By itself,", "abF7LE2l6Zc-00048-00029437-00030027": "it's effective on a few types of cancers that are very glycolytic but in combination it", "abF7LE2l6Zc-00049-00030027-00030469": "may improve outcomes for a broader variety of cancers.", "abF7LE2l6Zc-00050-00030469-00031002": "It's important not to uncork the celebratory bottle of champagne just yet, though. So far", "abF7LE2l6Zc-00051-00031002-00031527": "the effects are pretty modest and there are some toxic effects that limit the dosage that", "abF7LE2l6Zc-00052-00031527-00031735": "can be used.", "abF7LE2l6Zc-00053-00031735-00032318": "When it was tested in cancer cells grown in a flask, it reduces progression in some cases.", "abF7LE2l6Zc-00054-00032318-00032818": "In the case of some cell lines, it increased the cellular suicide level by 10 fold.", "abF7LE2l6Zc-00055-00032818-00033472": "However, in others, it actually made the cancer cells \"worse\" by protecting them from oxygen", "abF7LE2l6Zc-00056-00033472-00034037": "starvation. It was also shown to interfere in some cases with the front-line drugs cisplatin", "abF7LE2l6Zc-00057-00034037-00034558": "and doxorubicin. We're going to have to work out these paradoxes before it can go into", "abF7LE2l6Zc-00058-00034558-00034706": "use.", "abF7LE2l6Zc-00059-00034706-00035187": "In animal testing, the results were a little more positive. Colon cancer tumors showed", "abF7LE2l6Zc-00060-00035187-00035759": "20 to 40 percent reductions in progression vs. untreated animals. That's not as good", "abF7LE2l6Zc-00061-00035759-00036115": "as some present drugs, but still pretty effective.", "abF7LE2l6Zc-00062-00036115-00036813": "So, modestly effective in cells, reasonably effective in animals, what about human testing?", "abF7LE2l6Zc-00063-00036813-00037647": "Human clinical testing has never been conducted in the US. Canada ran a safe dose study, where", "abF7LE2l6Zc-00064-00037647-00038247": "they give patients escalating doses to determine what amount is safe, and what amount is effective.", "abF7LE2l6Zc-00065-00038247-00039027": "We know from prior studies that DCA can, ironically, cause cancer, and that it can cause neuropathy,", "abF7LE2l6Zc-00066-00039027-00039871": "or nerve damage which can be severe at therapeutic doses that someone might get for lactic acidosis.", "abF7LE2l6Zc-00067-00039871-00040634": "The Canadian dose escalation started in 2007. 50 patients were enrolled, but only 5 were", "abF7LE2l6Zc-00068-00040634-00041203": "actually treated, and as I understand it they spent 800,000 dollars for that very small", "abF7LE2l6Zc-00069-00041203-00041790": "result. The official conclusion of the study is linked in the underbar, but the short version", "abF7LE2l6Zc-00070-00041790-00042366": "is that the investigators said that no conclusions could be drawn about the efficacy and safety", "abF7LE2l6Zc-00071-00042366-00043125": "of DCA for cancer therapy. So we still have no idea if it will be very effective. Five", "abF7LE2l6Zc-00072-00043125-00043693": "treated patients, in the history of a drug, is not enough data to go on.", "abF7LE2l6Zc-00073-00043693-00044393": "DCA is one of many possible avenues that cancer researchers are pursuing, a useful adjunct", "abF7LE2l6Zc-00074-00044393-00045009": "to conventional therapy, although it's still in the early stages of testing and research.", "abF7LE2l6Zc-00075-00045009-00045506": "Why is it being promoted? Why am I getting so many messages about it, when no-one has", "abF7LE2l6Zc-00076-00045506-00046118": "asked me about cancer immunotherapy that is a LOT more exciting and promising?", "abF7LE2l6Zc-00077-00046118-00046803": "It's because DCA is an unpatentable substance. It's too historical for anyone to claim to", "abF7LE2l6Zc-00078-00046803-00047384": "have invented it. That means that the drug companies have little or no interest in it.", "abF7LE2l6Zc-00079-00047384-00048156": "Who can blame them? Oh, I know, Big Evil Pharma love making money, but well... so does every", "abF7LE2l6Zc-00080-00048156-00048778": "company, and most employees, too, come to that. We run businesses at a profit, and if", "abF7LE2l6Zc-00081-00048778-00049456": "DCA can't be sold for profit, then how will those companies recoup the cost of the 2 to", "abF7LE2l6Zc-00082-00049456-00049999": "500 million dollars it may take to bring the drug to market? The management of the drug", "abF7LE2l6Zc-00083-00049999-00050612": "companies are tasked with making money. DCA won't likely compete with existing drugs,", "abF7LE2l6Zc-00084-00050612-00051178": "may enhance effectiveness of those products, but it's not a profitable venture for them", "abF7LE2l6Zc-00085-00051178-00051539": "to invest hundreds of millions of dollars into.", "abF7LE2l6Zc-00086-00051539-00052116": "We can deplore the profit motive, but the purpose of business is to make money. Either", "abF7LE2l6Zc-00087-00052116-00052786": "the government or a non-profit will have to step in to complete the safety review, testing", "abF7LE2l6Zc-00088-00052786-00053375": "and manufacture. The University of Alberta are funding their DCA research program on", "abF7LE2l6Zc-00089-00053375-00054040": "a combination of public donations and government funding. I think the reason why this topic", "abF7LE2l6Zc-00090-00054040-00054533": "keeps hitting the news and email forwards is that they have hired marketing people to", "abF7LE2l6Zc-00091-00054533-00055082": "get the word out, to promote the product, and to try to get some funds. So, they take", "abF7LE2l6Zc-00092-00055082-00055645": "the story of a compound with a small but useful effect in certain tumors, and they blow it", "abF7LE2l6Zc-00093-00055645-00056067": "up to epic proportions, the cure for cancer.", "abF7LE2l6Zc-00094-00056067-00056634": "I'm thinking it's time for a third C0nc0rdance's Law, so here it is:", "abF7LE2l6Zc-00095-00056634-00057235": "\"Any scientific discovery announced in a press release is almost always less impressive than", "abF7LE2l6Zc-00096-00057235-00057654": "it sounds.\" c0nc0rdance's Third Law.", "abF7LE2l6Zc-00097-00057654-00058190": "I hope I haven't discouraged any of you out there from a future in cancer research. We", "abF7LE2l6Zc-00098-00058190-00058713": "may never find a cure, but it's one of those jobs where you wake up in the morning with", "abF7LE2l6Zc-00099-00058713-00059266": "the potential to save thousands of lives. Nothing beats that feeling.", "abF7LE2l6Zc-00100-00059266-00059417": "Thanks for watching."}}, {"audio_id": "abLxLX74btA", "text": {"abLxLX74btA-00000-00000008-00000736": "and um i came to the conclusion that if if we can advance the the the knowledge of the world if we", "abLxLX74btA-00001-00000736-00001376": "can do things that expand the scope and and scale of consciousness then we're better able to ask the", "abLxLX74btA-00002-00001376-00002240": "right questions and become more enlightened and and that's really the only way forward so uh so so", "abLxLX74btA-00003-00002240-00002936": "i i studied physics and business because i figured in order to do a lot of these things you need to", "abLxLX74btA-00004-00002936-00003608": "know how the universe works and you need to know how how the economy works and you also need to be", "abLxLX74btA-00005-00003608-00003936": "able to bring a lot of people together to work with you to create something because it's very", "abLxLX74btA-00006-00003936-00004384": "difficult to do something as as an individual if it's if it's a significant technology"}}, {"audio_id": "abXO87k-u4I", "text": {"abXO87k-u4I-00000-00000739-00001111": "I also find the concept of critical reflection very important", "abXO87k-u4I-00001-00001111-00001250": "to the field of science.", "abXO87k-u4I-00002-00001250-00001587": "Science is not rote learning, it allows us to", "abXO87k-u4I-00003-00001587-00002134": "take new ideas and build them onto new concepts and create something new.", "abXO87k-u4I-00004-00002134-00002559": "It needs to be a fluid and dynamic sort of process", "abXO87k-u4I-00005-00002559-00002900": "and if we don't understand the past and bring these forward", "abXO87k-u4I-00006-00002900-00003043": "then we will", "abXO87k-u4I-00007-00003043-00003297": "never actually move the field of science forward.", "abXO87k-u4I-00008-00003297-00003667": "Science is actually the implementation of reflective learning, because", "abXO87k-u4I-00009-00003667-00003888": "the field of science is constantly changing,", "abXO87k-u4I-00010-00003888-00004011": "every fact", "abXO87k-u4I-00011-00004011-00004282": "needs to be questioned, re-examined and", "abXO87k-u4I-00012-00004282-00004483": "put forward in the current context.", "abXO87k-u4I-00013-00004483-00004900": "There are many biases that we have as people, cultural and personal, and those actually do", "abXO87k-u4I-00014-00004900-00005371": "play into our understanding of science, so it is really critical that we reflect on", "abXO87k-u4I-00015-00005371-00005897": "these and reflect on how they affect our opinions and perceptions and", "abXO87k-u4I-00016-00005897-00006142": "actually the process and the method of science.", "abXO87k-u4I-00017-00006142-00006314": "It's a very difficult field,", "abXO87k-u4I-00018-00006513-00006781": "I don't think students like to be philosophers,", "abXO87k-u4I-00019-00006781-00007045": "many undergraduate courses train you to be", "abXO87k-u4I-00020-00007045-00007240": "just simply rote, you know,", "abXO87k-u4I-00021-00007240-00007480": "to have 'the' answer", "abXO87k-u4I-00022-00007480-00007612": "and to give that", "abXO87k-u4I-00023-00007612-00008005": "and science is the ultimate example of a field where", "abXO87k-u4I-00024-00008005-00008120": "you can't do that.", "abXO87k-u4I-00025-00008120-00008519": "It's not the textbook that you're reading is wrong,", "abXO87k-u4I-00026-00008519-00008883": "if it wasn't written today it probably has something in it that", "abXO87k-u4I-00027-00008883-00009137": "is no longer accepted,", "abXO87k-u4I-00028-00009137-00009593": "and I think that that is, since it is such a fluid field it is the perfect one", "abXO87k-u4I-00029-00009593-00009822": "for reflective learning", "abXO87k-u4I-00030-00009822-00010161": "and something that actually needs to be incorporated throughout the science,", "abXO87k-u4I-00031-00010161-00010536": "particularly as we address moral and ethical questions around", "abXO87k-u4I-00032-00010536-00010838": "how we deal with the environment and deal with animals", "abXO87k-u4I-00033-00010838-00011022": "and deal with each other in social settings.", "abXO87k-u4I-00034-00011022-00011299": "We actually use sort of", "abXO87k-u4I-00035-00011299-00011582": "a series of processes, a series of different", "abXO87k-u4I-00036-00011582-00011678": "ways to", "abXO87k-u4I-00037-00011678-00011950": "encourage the student to reflect.", "abXO87k-u4I-00038-00011950-00012108": "One of them is a journal, and it's not", "abXO87k-u4I-00039-00012108-00012545": "meant to be, and again, I struggle away from the personal journal,", "abXO87k-u4I-00040-00012545-00012768": "but the idea of,", "abXO87k-u4I-00041-00012768-00012912": "you've read this article,", "abXO87k-u4I-00042-00012912-00013251": "it means something to you, it means something to the broader science.", "abXO87k-u4I-00043-00013251-00013657": "Bring together your thoughts on how this fits in with our framework,", "abXO87k-u4I-00044-00013657-00013870": "with our understanding, what does it mean", "abXO87k-u4I-00045-00013870-00014135": "for the science, what does it mean for the field?", "abXO87k-u4I-00046-00014135-00014517": "I think that really encourages the student to then", "abXO87k-u4I-00047-00014517-00014829": "remember what they've read as opposed to trying to pick out the rote things", "abXO87k-u4I-00048-00014829-00014993": "that they need to", "abXO87k-u4I-00049-00014993-00015109": "fill in the bubbles.", "abXO87k-u4I-00050-00015109-00015233": "But also,", "abXO87k-u4I-00051-00015233-00015662": "again, allows them to have their own personal ideas and I don't collect the", "abXO87k-u4I-00052-00015662-00015751": "journals,", "abXO87k-u4I-00053-00015751-00016070": "nor do I grade them, I sort of ask them to bring them", "abXO87k-u4I-00054-00016070-00016298": "and to make notes and", "abXO87k-u4I-00055-00016298-00016532": "to share them with me", "abXO87k-u4I-00056-00016532-00016848": "in a more informal way.", "abXO87k-u4I-00057-00016848-00017301": "Again, we have, sort of, these informal meetings once a week where we discuss", "abXO87k-u4I-00058-00017301-00017580": "a paper, where we discuss the experiments, where we discuss the field", "abXO87k-u4I-00059-00017580-00017763": "of science and where it's going", "abXO87k-u4I-00060-00017763-00018246": "and again that is very revealing about the way that the students approach science", "abXO87k-u4I-00061-00018246-00018866": "and what they're thinking about, their own careers, how they fit into the field", "abXO87k-u4I-00062-00018866-00019216": "and it is a really good way to show their learning process", "abXO87k-u4I-00063-00019216-00019512": "across the semester from", "abXO87k-u4I-00064-00019512-00019810": "the very first conversations, which are very tentative,", "abXO87k-u4I-00065-00019810-00019951": "to the end where they are very in-depth,", "abXO87k-u4I-00066-00019951-00020031": "and they are very engaged", "abXO87k-u4I-00067-00020031-00020193": "and you really see a dynamic", "abXO87k-u4I-00068-00020193-00020679": "interaction with what they're learning.", "abXO87k-u4I-00069-00020679-00021043": "I think that that's actually probably the best way, it only works", "abXO87k-u4I-00070-00021043-00021168": "with a very small class,", "abXO87k-u4I-00071-00021168-00021315": "clearly it's not going to work", "abXO87k-u4I-00072-00021315-00021396": "with sixty students."}}, {"audio_id": "ac8LyXDwAAE", "text": {"ac8LyXDwAAE-00000-00000242-00000715": "TheAmazingKaleb: This video is based on the dream i once have when i was 2 years old.", "ac8LyXDwAAE-00001-00000715-00001364": "It's like the scene from Shrek when he wakes up Fiona but with Soul Calibur characters on it.", "ac8LyXDwAAE-00002-00001364-00001955": "And the dream goes completely random with children singing on it once the battle starts.", "ac8LyXDwAAE-00003-00001955-00002209": "Anyways, enjoy the show.", "ac8LyXDwAAE-00004-00002275-00002475": "[My Dream started in 2003.Talim as Fiona, and Kilik as Shrek] This dream was a Shrek reference.", "ac8LyXDwAAE-00005-00002756-00003012": "Talim: I am one with the wind.", "ac8LyXDwAAE-00006-00003171-00003282": "[SHE YELLS AS KILIK WAKES HER UP] It's like the Shrek Reference when Shrek wakes Fiona up, but Kilik wakes Talim up.", "ac8LyXDwAAE-00007-00003342-00003457": "Talim: Why?!", "ac8LyXDwAAE-00008-00003457-00003536": "Kilik: What?", "ac8LyXDwAAE-00009-00003638-00003954": "[Talim vs Kilik started as the Children singing on the stage.]", "ac8LyXDwAAE-00010-00003954-00004154": "Announcer: Battle 1. Fight!", "ac8LyXDwAAE-00011-00004816-00005152": "TheAmazingKaleb: Well, that's the only dream i can keep forever.", "ac8LyXDwAAE-00012-00005210-00005410": "It was memorable to me.", "ac8LyXDwAAE-00013-00005467-00005656": "[Talim wins] Clown: Serves you right, Kilik!", "ac8LyXDwAAE-00014-00005765-00006101": "TheAmazingKaleb: You sounded like Mark Hamil's joker!", "ac8LyXDwAAE-00015-00006101-00006186": "Clown: I did?", "ac8LyXDwAAE-00016-00006186-00006263": "TheAmazingKaleb: Yes.", "ac8LyXDwAAE-00017-00006358-00006875": "Talim: I'm sorry. Please. let me just sleep already."}}, {"audio_id": "acjCGlE3Qxy", "text": {"acjCGlE3Qxy-00000-00000143-00000476": "Yes I voted for that lunatic in 2016.", "acjCGlE3Qxy-00001-00000546-00000930": "I apologize, I had no idea what kind of person he really was.", "acjCGlE3Qxy-00002-00001196-00001304": "Have a great day!"}}, {"audio_id": "ackndfDm5k8", "text": {"ackndfDm5k8-00000-00000012-00000206": "(upbeat music)", "ackndfDm5k8-00001-00000206-00000318": "- I'm Dr. Jess.", "ackndfDm5k8-00002-00000318-00000582": "Welcome to this session of \"Cup of Optimism.\"", "ackndfDm5k8-00003-00000681-00000964": "A short series in which I share my advice with you", "ackndfDm5k8-00004-00000964-00001109": "to stay grounded,", "ackndfDm5k8-00005-00001109-00001335": "focused and optimistic.", "ackndfDm5k8-00006-00001335-00001474": "Today, we're going to talk about", "ackndfDm5k8-00007-00001474-00001682": "strategies for self-care,", "ackndfDm5k8-00008-00001682-00001941": "dive into what self-care actually means", "ackndfDm5k8-00009-00001941-00002208": "and how to integrate it into our daily lives.", "ackndfDm5k8-00010-00002208-00002483": "Self-care is a term used so frequently,", "ackndfDm5k8-00011-00002483-00002680": "it can almost start to lose its meaning,", "ackndfDm5k8-00012-00002680-00002877": "and you might think it doesn't apply to you", "ackndfDm5k8-00013-00002877-00003025": "or wonder if it really helps.", "ackndfDm5k8-00014-00003025-00003215": "As a board-certified psychiatrist,", "ackndfDm5k8-00015-00003215-00003415": "I'm a huge proponent for self-care", "ackndfDm5k8-00016-00003415-00003664": "and I recommend it not only to my patients,", "ackndfDm5k8-00017-00003664-00003774": "but everyone else.", "ackndfDm5k8-00018-00003774-00003881": "So, let's dive in.", "ackndfDm5k8-00019-00003881-00004096": "(upbeat music)", "ackndfDm5k8-00020-00004096-00004226": "We've all been navigating", "ackndfDm5k8-00021-00004226-00004486": "a lot of change and disruptions recently", "ackndfDm5k8-00022-00004486-00004867": "and a lot of us are experiencing new and increased stress.", "ackndfDm5k8-00023-00004867-00005060": "Self-care can help address this,", "ackndfDm5k8-00024-00005060-00005314": "but it's not just about relaxation.", "ackndfDm5k8-00025-00005314-00005489": "The main idea with self-care", "ackndfDm5k8-00026-00005489-00005815": "is really paying attention to your psychological", "ackndfDm5k8-00027-00005815-00005931": "and physical needs", "ackndfDm5k8-00028-00005931-00006189": "and not waiting until your cup is completely empty.", "ackndfDm5k8-00029-00006189-00006602": "And so the best self-care practice to begin is with you.", "ackndfDm5k8-00030-00006602-00006886": "Here are some questions to get you started.", "ackndfDm5k8-00031-00006979-00007262": "How am I actually feeling today?", "ackndfDm5k8-00032-00007262-00007441": "How does my body feel?", "ackndfDm5k8-00033-00007441-00007586": "How does my mind feel?", "ackndfDm5k8-00034-00007686-00007801": "It might feel obvious", "ackndfDm5k8-00035-00007801-00008045": "but these answers are so important.", "ackndfDm5k8-00036-00008045-00008307": "Try following your answers with the \"why\"", "ackndfDm5k8-00037-00008307-00008533": "to help you understand how you got here.", "ackndfDm5k8-00038-00008533-00008684": "What was my last full meal?", "ackndfDm5k8-00039-00008684-00008858": "Have I been drinking enough water?", "ackndfDm5k8-00040-00008858-00008997": "How have I been sleeping?", "ackndfDm5k8-00041-00008997-00009267": "Have I exercised, moved around?", "ackndfDm5k8-00042-00009267-00009442": "What do I need for myself?", "ackndfDm5k8-00043-00009442-00009590": "What do I need from others?", "ackndfDm5k8-00044-00009590-00009903": "Taking the time to check in with yourself is huge.", "ackndfDm5k8-00045-00009903-00010071": "What else have you got to be proud of?", "ackndfDm5k8-00046-00010071-00010353": "But also, what can I let go of?", "ackndfDm5k8-00047-00010353-00010486": "Think about this,", "ackndfDm5k8-00048-00010486-00010604": "but don't expect yourself", "ackndfDm5k8-00049-00010604-00010800": "to be able to make change overnight.", "ackndfDm5k8-00050-00010800-00011016": "It's great to even just identify", "ackndfDm5k8-00051-00011016-00011213": "what you can leave in the past.", "ackndfDm5k8-00052-00011213-00011392": "And now that we have this information,", "ackndfDm5k8-00053-00011392-00011731": "we can work to create space in our daily routines", "ackndfDm5k8-00054-00011731-00011858": "to address this need.", "ackndfDm5k8-00055-00011973-00012105": "(upbeat music)", "ackndfDm5k8-00056-00012105-00012188": "As a new mom,", "ackndfDm5k8-00057-00012188-00012461": "I'm definitely not getting all the sleep I need.", "ackndfDm5k8-00058-00012461-00012576": "And guess what?", "ackndfDm5k8-00059-00012576-00012795": "That might not be able to change right now.", "ackndfDm5k8-00060-00012795-00013069": "What can change is being aware of my needs", "ackndfDm5k8-00061-00013069-00013397": "and finding something that makes me feel cared for,", "ackndfDm5k8-00062-00013397-00013769": "like taking a moment to brew and enjoy a cup of tea,", "ackndfDm5k8-00063-00013769-00013997": "to give myself a moment of peace", "ackndfDm5k8-00064-00013997-00014247": "and some much-needed energy.", "ackndfDm5k8-00065-00014247-00014535": "So, now that you've tuned in with how you're doing,", "ackndfDm5k8-00066-00014535-00014909": "you need to apply the best self-care for your situation.", "ackndfDm5k8-00067-00014909-00015246": "We want to apply the care to the root of the problem,", "ackndfDm5k8-00068-00015246-00015490": "not just put a Band-Aid over the symptom.", "ackndfDm5k8-00069-00015490-00015709": "So, let's go back to the first question.", "ackndfDm5k8-00070-00015709-00015803": "How are you feeling?", "ackndfDm5k8-00071-00015803-00015935": "Are you feeling tired?", "ackndfDm5k8-00072-00015935-00016028": "Like I do.", "ackndfDm5k8-00073-00016028-00016322": "What makes you feel rested or gives you energy?", "ackndfDm5k8-00074-00016322-00016599": "Maybe it's taking a moment to lie down on the couch", "ackndfDm5k8-00075-00016599-00016949": "or chat with a friend who really excites you.", "ackndfDm5k8-00076-00016949-00017156": "How are you feeling emotionally?", "ackndfDm5k8-00077-00017156-00017426": "You could take a few moments to journal", "ackndfDm5k8-00078-00017426-00017604": "and some of these thoughts and feelings", "ackndfDm5k8-00079-00017604-00017930": "can get out of your head and onto the page.", "ackndfDm5k8-00080-00017930-00018163": "Why not try eating a healthy meal,", "ackndfDm5k8-00081-00018163-00018285": "going for a walk,", "ackndfDm5k8-00082-00018285-00018428": "drinking some water,", "ackndfDm5k8-00083-00018428-00018564": "getting some sunshine", "ackndfDm5k8-00084-00018564-00018753": "or taking a nice hot shower?", "ackndfDm5k8-00085-00018753-00018907": "Now, there's no perfect answer", "ackndfDm5k8-00086-00018907-00019073": "for what self-care is", "ackndfDm5k8-00087-00019073-00019208": "because everyone is different", "ackndfDm5k8-00088-00019208-00019521": "and we all need different things at different times,", "ackndfDm5k8-00089-00019521-00019693": "but it is good for everyone.", "ackndfDm5k8-00090-00019783-00019989": "I hope I'm giving you some tools and ideas", "ackndfDm5k8-00091-00019989-00020333": "that will help empower you to upgrade your own routines,", "ackndfDm5k8-00092-00020333-00020558": "make the space for those self check-ins", "ackndfDm5k8-00093-00020558-00020698": "and start creating habits", "ackndfDm5k8-00094-00020698-00020968": "that will help keep you feeling more comfortable and", "ackndfDm5k8-00095-00020968-00021161": "balanced throughout your day.", "ackndfDm5k8-00096-00021161-00021381": "Keep your cup full and remember,", "ackndfDm5k8-00097-00021381-00021634": "while optimism is a great mindset to have,", "ackndfDm5k8-00098-00021634-00021826": "it does require practice.", "ackndfDm5k8-00099-00021826-00022094": "We all are on different life journeys and self-love", "ackndfDm5k8-00100-00022094-00022376": "and compassion is the most important part of self-care.", "ackndfDm5k8-00101-00022376-00022526": "So, be kind to yourself", "ackndfDm5k8-00102-00022526-00022796": "and take it one step and one day at a time."}}, {"audio_id": "acmhmD0H8IE", "text": {"acmhmD0H8IE-00035-00013194-00014084": "when it gets too hot for comfort and you can't get ice cream cones ain't no sin, to take off skin, dance around in your bones", "acmhmD0H8IE-00036-00014110-00015074": "when the lazy syncopation, our music softly moan  ain't no sin, to take off skin, dance around in your bones", "acmhmD0H8IE-00037-00015091-00015882": "Apollo bears on cleanup and Greenway they got the right i do  Ain't it's great to refrigerat by we all float I'm due", "acmhmD0H8IE-00038-00015900-00016820": "Just be like those bamboo babies,  In the southing traffic zones. ain't no sin, to take off skin, dance around in your bones"}}, {"audio_id": "acPaHNMg_N8", "text": {"acPaHNMg_N8-00000-00002902-00003258": "Good morning. Today I unintentionally start with a dark video.", "acPaHNMg_N8-00001-00003526-00003882": "A typhoon passed in Korea last week.", "acPaHNMg_N8-00002-00004110-00004420": "Was there any damage from the typhoon?", "acPaHNMg_N8-00003-00004618-00004986": "Fortunately I was not harmed.", "acPaHNMg_N8-00004-00005180-00005522": "But when it was windy, I was a little scared.", "acPaHNMg_N8-00005-00008018-00008352": "The day after the typhoon passed.", "acPaHNMg_N8-00006-00009114-00009400": "I go to the market with comfortable clothes", "acPaHNMg_N8-00007-00010634-00010986": "The place where the typhoon passed.", "acPaHNMg_N8-00008-00011058-00011384": "Persimmons fell from the tree.", "acPaHNMg_N8-00009-00011842-00012206": "Many red berries that do not know the name fell.", "acPaHNMg_N8-00010-00013996-00014300": "There is no strong wind.", "acPaHNMg_N8-00011-00014352-00014730": "But the calm wind continues to blow.", "acPaHNMg_N8-00012-00015241-00015540": "There was a lot of flags hanging there.", "acPaHNMg_N8-00013-00016013-00016300": "Now only the line is left.", "acPaHNMg_N8-00014-00016612-00016960": "I arrived at the mart.", "acPaHNMg_N8-00015-00017040-00017202": "milk", "acPaHNMg_N8-00016-00017568-00017768": "egg", "acPaHNMg_N8-00017-00017986-00018286": "Fruit is expensive too", "acPaHNMg_N8-00018-00018342-00018694": "If I don't eat fried chicken once, I'll buy it.", "acPaHNMg_N8-00019-00018750-00019114": "But I can't give up eating chicken.", "acPaHNMg_N8-00020-00019472-00019672": "mayonnaise", "acPaHNMg_N8-00021-00019858-00020206": "When I came out of the mart, the sun started to set.", "acPaHNMg_N8-00022-00022086-00022410": "The streets I see every day.", "acPaHNMg_N8-00023-00022466-00022848": "But, looking through it through the camera feels different.", "acPaHNMg_N8-00024-00023398-00023746": "I like the cool night air.", "acPaHNMg_N8-00025-00025356-00025902": "It was a pedestrian crossing and the car did not slow down. So I walked fast.", "acPaHNMg_N8-00026-00026114-00026470": "I returned home and unpacked what I bought.", "acPaHNMg_N8-00027-00026588-00026736": "cotton pads", "acPaHNMg_N8-00028-00026795-00026918": "mayonnaise", "acPaHNMg_N8-00029-00027083-00027188": "milk", "acPaHNMg_N8-00030-00027380-00027504": "bean curd", "acPaHNMg_N8-00031-00027644-00027756": "egg", "acPaHNMg_N8-00032-00028177-00028510": "Do you know what the paper bag on the left is?", "acPaHNMg_N8-00033-00028614-00028924": "Oh, it was already exposed in the intro video.", "acPaHNMg_N8-00034-00028954-00029358": "this is a red beans butter bread.", "acPaHNMg_N8-00035-00029962-00030272": "It is delicious to eat with milk.", "acPaHNMg_N8-00036-00030324-00030664": "I also like milk a lot.", "acPaHNMg_N8-00037-00031542-00031922": "I ate leisurely while watching a funny TV show.", "acPaHNMg_N8-00038-00032936-00033170": "There are two kinds of bread, normal and black.", "acPaHNMg_N8-00039-00033212-00033348": "I prefer the black", "acPaHNMg_N8-00040-00034416-00034758": "Today is Korean Chuseok. So full moon rises.", "acPaHNMg_N8-00041-00034810-00035162": "I don't know if I can see the moon from the rooftop.", "acPaHNMg_N8-00042-00035324-00035712": "Wow! I can see it", "acPaHNMg_N8-00043-00036512-00036846": "I want to shoot well, but it's hard to focus.", "acPaHNMg_N8-00044-00037736-00038064": "It is not frozen screen", "acPaHNMg_N8-00045-00038122-00038474": "The surroundings are dark because the brightness is set to the moon.", "acPaHNMg_N8-00046-00038754-00039062": "I also took a photo shoot.", "acPaHNMg_N8-00047-00039114-00039454": "Let's make a wish while looking at the moon.(Korean traditional customs)", "acPaHNMg_N8-00048-00039774-00040136": "I want to win at lotto lottery.", "acPaHNMg_N8-00049-00040842-00041188": "That star was also very bright.", "acPaHNMg_N8-00050-00041550-00041860": "Today's video is over.", "acPaHNMg_N8-00051-00041916-00042276": "Thank you for watching", "acPaHNMg_N8-00052-00042516-00043048": "Comments and likes are great for me."}}, {"audio_id": "ad3VoJpiq-o", "text": {"ad3VoJpiq-o-00000-00000000-00000120": "Please subscribe", "ad3VoJpiq-o-00001-00000120-00000784": "in today's video i've got a sir isaac newton 2017 50 pence coin", "ad3VoJpiq-o-00002-00001192-00001592": "minted from copper nickel", "ad3VoJpiq-o-00003-00002023-00002984": "country united kingdom", "ad3VoJpiq-o-00004-00003360-00004160": "smooth seven-sided edge finish and thanks for watching the video don't forget to subscribe", "ad3VoJpiq-o-00005-00004312-00005000": "also check out the outdoor boys YouTube channel check out absolute coins youtube channel"}}, {"audio_id": "ad4-OV7Qw-A", "text": {"ad4-OV7Qw-A-00000-00000024-00000166": "No matter what happens--", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00001-00000166-00000288": "I won't be mad.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00002-00000318-00000509": "You are gonna be so cold.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00003-00000509-00000690": "And I never knew this existed.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00004-00000718-00000930": "My mom is not gonna come visit me anymore.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00005-00000944-00001040": "Live rats.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00006-00001050-00001210": "[Captions by Judy V. at Y Translator]", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00007-00001810-00001920": "Did you find one?", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00008-00002022-00002162": "Honey, they were down in here,", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00009-00002190-00002290": "the bottom drawer,", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00010-00002356-00002410": "in here.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00011-00002504-00002656": "Look, there's a whole bunch of them.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00012-00002748-00002933": "Do you want blue?", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00013-00003010-00003200": "I don't, I really don't care.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00014-00003470-00003606": "Oh go on.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00015-00003670-00004164": "So I guess I'm gonna have piano lessons with a towel, goggles,", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00016-00004164-00004414": "a swimsuit, and a swim cover.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00017-00004426-00004616": "Only you're not going to piano lessons.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00018-00004658-00004754": "No, I'm not.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00019-00004856-00005002": "Where am I gonna park?", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00020-00005202-00005404": "You can park over there where there's no cars.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00021-00005404-00005640": "No, but this is okay.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00022-00005738-00005824": "Are you nervous?", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00023-00005832-00005904": "Sort of.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00024-00006024-00006142": "You're excited?", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00025-00006142-00006208": "Yes.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00026-00006272-00006402": "No matter what happens --", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00027-00006402-00006528": "I won't be mad.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00028-00006590-00006640": "Okay.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00029-00006640-00006876": "And you can learn from whatever happens.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00030-00006930-00007384": "When I tried out for the swim team, it was in ninth grade,", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00031-00007395-00007828": "and I literally wasn't that good of a swimmer.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00032-00007854-00008104": "They asked me to do the  backstroke and I could do that.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00033-00008104-00008336": "But then when they asked me to do the front stroke,", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00034-00008418-00008552": "I wasn't very good.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00035-00008570-00008620": "I forgot --", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00036-00008620-00008756": "I pretty much doggie paddled.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00037-00008774-00009054": "And then when they asked me to do the breaststroke,", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00038-00009054-00009182": "I was like, \"The what?\"", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00039-00009246-00009336": "I didn't know it was.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00040-00009370-00009512": "So just go and do your best.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00041-00009528-00009618": "And I still made it.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00042-00009626-00009696": "We'll see.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00043-00009710-00009836": "Okay, let's go.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00044-00009852-00010114": "You are gonna be so  cold when we're done.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00045-00010114-00010410": "It's like 40 degrees out here.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00046-00010424-00010750": "Have you ever tried out  for something that you really", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00047-00010750-00011042": "wanted to do but  you weren't that great at it?", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00048-00011102-00011640": "Julie is a fine swimmer, for about 15 yards.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00049-00011640-00012650": "[Music]", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00050-00012650-00012930": "I am more nervous than Julie is.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00051-00012930-00013140": "[Music]", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00052-00013141-00013204": "Are you ready?", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00053-00013204-00013340": "[Music]", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00054-00013340-00013556": "He looks scary but he's not that scary.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00055-00013556-00014330": "[Music]", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00056-00014334-00014662": "It actually looks like she's got a pretty good little breaststroke.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00057-00014663-00014815": "She's supposed to be doing the front crawl,", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00058-00014815-00015128": "and what she's doing is a breaststroke underwater,", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00059-00015128-00015334": "coming up and  doing a dog paddle,", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00060-00015374-00015572": "and then going back under and doing a breaststroke,", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00061-00015572-00015897": "so it's not the front crawl at all.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00062-00016060-00016540": "I hope they see her potential and her willingness to learn and work hard.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00063-00016540-00017530": "[Music]", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00064-00017558-00017842": "Okay, now we're in line to give him our registration paper.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00065-00017850-00018268": "He said, \"Okay, go get in line,\" but didn't say if you made it or not.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00066-00018306-00018500": "Do you know?  Did he say anything to you?", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00067-00018596-00018780": "He didn't? We don't know.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00068-00018850-00019836": "[Music]", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00069-00019836-00020030": "I got on the swim team.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00070-00020180-00020320": "You made it.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00071-00020352-00020474": "I am so proud of you.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00072-00020474-00020586": "I am very proud of you.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00073-00020586-00020798": "She got her team swimming suit.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00074-00020830-00021068": "It's red, navy blue and white.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00075-00021068-00021510": "And she got a swim cap for practice.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00076-00021542-00021766": "And these are cool.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00077-00021882-00021982": "These are really cool.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00078-00021984-00022398": "She got some swim goggles.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00079-00022448-00022638": "And I never knew this existed.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00080-00022686-00022784": "This is really cool.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00081-00022810-00023114": "So on your, um,  these are her old ones.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00082-00023114-00023372": "This rubber pulls on your hair, pulls your hair out.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00083-00023482-00024164": "They told us to cut those off, thread them out, and put this on it.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00084-00024164-00024432": "This is a bungee cord that does not get caught in your hair,", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00085-00024488-00024742": "and it's super easy to adjust.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00086-00024743-00024880": "You use this instead.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00087-00024880-00025008": "Um genius.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00088-00025072-00025352": "Okay, let's get you home and warm you up.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00089-00025382-00025660": "You want to know what's next on my to-do list?", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00090-00025774-00025978": "Go pick up Abby's birthday present,", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00091-00025978-00026277": "so that we she gets home  from Seattle tonight,", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00092-00026277-00026514": "it's waiting for her to surprise her.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00093-00026514-00026614": "I'm nervous though.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00094-00026656-00026944": "Do you guys remember what I said her birthday present is?", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00095-00026983-00027220": "Kevin put this together. She's getting –", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00096-00027339-00027436": "–a snake.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00097-00027510-00028102": "Like that's what I really need in my life is one more animal to live in our house.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00098-00028102-00028454": "Chad told me, \"Mom, don't be too surprised when you go pick up the snake.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00099-00028454-00028670": "There's actually another surprise though that you don't know about.\"", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00100-00028694-00028850": "So now I'm nervous.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00101-00028948-00029270": "And for those of you who mentioned that you didn't think", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00102-00029270-00029477": "it was fair that Julie  didn't get to go to Seattle,", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00103-00029536-00029795": "Julie had the option to go and she wanted to stay home", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00104-00029795-00029962": "so she could tryout for the swim team.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00105-00030042-00030194": "Just so you, we clear that up.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00106-00030216-00030708": "I'm gonna finish becoming photo ready,", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00107-00030708-00030942": "we're doing our photo shoot for the cover tomorrow.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00108-00030942-00031122": "That's why I'm getting my hair done.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00109-00031145-00031388": "Seriously though, if it's a puppy, I'm saying no.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00110-00031388-00031600": "If it's another animal, I'm saying no.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00111-00031600-00031762": "And it better not be a mouse.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00112-00031795-00032000": "Let's do an outfit check of the day.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00113-00032000-00032214": "We've got a warm winter sweater.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00114-00032214-00032382": "We've got", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00115-00032410-00032650": "- Shorts. - bermudas and flip flops.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00116-00032650-00032890": "All right Eve, outfit of the day.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00117-00032912-00033254": "We've got autumn fox socks,", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00118-00033254-00033824": "sandals, leggings, dress and peacock feathers.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00119-00033932-00034048": "All right, let's go.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00120-00034272-00034528": "Do you have a hard time walking with flip flops?", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00121-00034528-00034780": "Yeah, still learning.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00122-00034860-00034970": "All right, let's go.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00123-00034986-00036128": "[Music]", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00124-00036128-00036333": "Chad, what's the surprise?", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00125-00036576-00036864": "Do we need to talk to someone to find out which one's ours?", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00126-00036972-00037136": "Let's go to the line.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00127-00037170-00037378": "We're picking up Abby's present.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00128-00037378-00037530": "I'm on edge because any moment,", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00129-00037530-00037690": "I'm expecting someone to come and say,", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00130-00037690-00037944": "\"Oh, you ordered the anaconda. It's here.\"", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00131-00038028-00038152": "It's not bad, is it?", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00132-00038198-00038278": "Is it a mouse?", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00133-00038336-00038390": "They know.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00134-00038466-00038824": "These are Chad's friends, and they're coming along for moral support.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00135-00038874-00039018": "You guys know what I'm getting?", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00136-00039110-00039286": "Well, what I have to take home?", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00137-00039380-00039532": "You know, I don't have to say yes.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00138-00039610-00039702": "You kinda do.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00139-00039738-00039844": "Is it a mouse?", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00140-00039856-00039926": "It is?", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00141-00039946-00040134": "A taller one, live.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00142-00040154-00040342": "Oh no, no, no.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00143-00040343-00040488": "I am not, I am not.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00144-00040488-00040716": "-I will take one dead one. -Just listen. Hey, just listen.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00145-00040726-00040866": "Can't you order a frozen one?", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00146-00040866-00040996": "It won't eat frozen.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00147-00041002-00041384": "Listen, we have a cage for it, a big cage for all the rats,", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00148-00041410-00041686": "and we're gonna put it on the top shelf at the garage, okay?", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00149-00041794-00041844": "Okay.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00150-00041904-00042018": "- Eve might get into him, but -- - It will die,", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00151-00042018-00042212": "It will die. It is too  hot in the garage.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00152-00042212-00042290": "No it won't. No it won't.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00153-00042290-00042462": "Then we'll keep it in your closet, okay?", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00154-00042494-00042786": "Kevin, I'm so mad at you and you're", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00155-00042786-00043026": "- Wait are we not getting a snake? - not even here for me to wring your neck.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00156-00043100-00043384": "Uh including the snake, and the cage and all of that.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00157-00043384-00043580": "Okay. [inaudible] King Snake?", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00158-00043592-00043642": "Yes.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00159-00044392-00044522": "I'm pretty sure I...", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00160-00044530-00045168": "On occasion, filming requires a little bit of overreaction.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00161-00045230-00045438": "For drama's sake.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00162-00045484-00045752": "But I can honestly say like I really want to cry right now.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00163-00045820-00046056": "I do not want to take mice home.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00164-00046082-00046304": "My mom is not gonna come visit me anymore.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00165-00046356-00046782": "It's a good thing this is for Abby, because Abby is the perfect child.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00166-00046934-00047168": "I can't say no to her. That's the one thing,", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00167-00047200-00047394": "no, the second thing she's ever asked for.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00168-00047394-00047614": "The first thing Abby ever asked for was a harp.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00169-00047792-00048008": "And this is the only other thing she's ever wanted.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00170-00048040-00048214": "How do you feed mice?", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00171-00048296-00048456": "With tongs.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00172-00048480-00048682": "You have to feed them how often?", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00173-00048700-00048792": "We do ours once a week.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00174-00048826-00048900": "Once a week.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00175-00049576-00050000": "How often do we have to clean out the mousetrap cage thing?", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00176-00050022-00050074": "This thing?", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00177-00050074-00050124": "Yeah.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00178-00050124-00050210": "Once, weekly.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00179-00050210-00050260": "Once a week.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00180-00050304-00050644": "So the care really is gonna be more of the mice than the snake.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00181-00050672-00050788": "What is this for?", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00182-00050806-00051018": "- That's the food. - To feed", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00183-00051018-00051106": "The mice.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00184-00051106-00051166": "The mice?", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00185-00051217-00051512": "It would be easier just frozen rats and mice,", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00186-00051554-00051744": "but that snake won't eat that.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00187-00051760-00051894": "What kind of snake does eat it?", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00188-00051962-00052036": "Corn snakes.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00189-00052055-00052178": "I thought that's what we were getting?", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00190-00052178-00052282": "They don't have any.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00191-00052332-00052455": "We're getting a King snake.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00192-00052467-00052605": "Because that's what they have?", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00193-00052605-00052676": "Yeah.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00194-00052705-00052812": "Are you okay?", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00195-00052812-00053014": "Like, you look sick?", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00196-00053041-00053190": "Look at them, they're so cute.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00197-00053214-00053355": "They're not gonna get out, Mom.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00198-00053414-00053488": "I promise.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00199-00053534-00053862": "Best piece of advice was keep an eye on the cage,", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00200-00053862-00054188": "so you know when they're about to chew a hole through it.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00201-00054217-00054317": "It happens?", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00202-00054341-00054562": "Yeah, especially with gerbils. They can chew through it.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00203-00054574-00054744": "Or the rats sometimes will chew through them.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00204-00054910-00055046": "Mom, they won't.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00205-00055072-00055350": "And then when you feed the rat, you just grab it by the tail,", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00206-00055414-00055554": "and lift it up and put in the cage?", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00207-00055554-00055644": "Yeah, it's really easy.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00208-00055644-00055966": "They're really nice. They're not like mean mice at all.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00209-00055991-00056270": "- Sweet. - ...mice.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00210-00056270-00056414": "Yeah, you can pet them.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00211-00056570-00056710": "See, they're not mean, Mom.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00212-00056710-00056982": "The thing I don't like about mice is that you just never know", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00213-00056982-00057176": "- where they're going to end up, - Oh, how're they gonna--", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00214-00057179-00057398": "because they escape.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00215-00057398-00057744": "They chew through things. They live in your walls.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00216-00057764-00057914": "How long is this snake gonna get?", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00217-00058020-00058172": "It can get about six, right?", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00218-00058172-00058317": "- It's like five to six feet. - Six feet.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00219-00058329-00058617": "They're not like a fat snake, but they are lengthy snake.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00220-00058617-00058878": "Yeah, that's as long as me. So...", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00221-00058979-00059064": "All right.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00222-00059090-00059426": "These aren't the kinds you read on the news that wrap around kids necks?", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00223-00059454-00059660": "Oh no, absolutely not.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00224-00059674-00059741": "You promise?", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00225-00059750-00059802": "Okay.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00226-00059898-00060040": "And they don't bite?", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00227-00060050-00060100": "No.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00228-00060312-00060460": "Maybe it's not a good time to hold it.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00229-00060494-00060612": "We could hold it later.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00230-00060717-00060878": "Yeah, there you go. You see the colors and stuff.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00231-00060884-00060976": "He's scared.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00232-00060976-00061090": "Okay, is it a girl or boy?", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00233-00061126-00061217": "Do you remember?", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00234-00061270-00061320": "I don't know.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00235-00061320-00061444": "We're not gonna know.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00236-00061444-00061594": "We don't know if it's a girl or a boy.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00237-00061622-00061786": "Do you guys know if this is a boy or the girl?", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00238-00061790-00061886": "I have no idea.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00239-00061888-00062058": "Do you know how to, how do you tell?", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00240-00062070-00062266": "Whatever your heart desires.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00241-00062320-00064178": "[Music]", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00242-00064552-00064612": "Where is she?", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00243-00064741-00064848": "I don't know if it's a he or she.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00244-00064848-00065084": "Oh, that gave me shivers.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00245-00065132-00065612": "Oh, this is gonna be hard to take care of, because it's so long.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00246-00065706-00065848": "It's six feet long.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00247-00065848-00065980": "I think that's what they said.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00248-00066026-00066316": "Either it's six feet long or it's gonna grow to be six feet long.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00249-00066388-00066458": "One of those.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00250-00066480-00066570": "It'll grow.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00251-00066926-00067006": "[inaudible]", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00252-00067136-00067272": "You got a leather jacket?", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00253-00067342-00067542": "Happy Birthday.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00254-00067562-00068013": "You can pick one present today.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00255-00068013-00068242": "And then the rest, we will do at your party.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00256-00068242-00068358": "I can't get my ring off.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00257-00068358-00068456": "It's stuck.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00258-00068456-00068634": "Okay here, hand it to me.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00259-00068668-00068740": "All right.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00260-00068780-00068998": "Okay, I'm going to show you the best present", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00261-00069046-00069208": "and it's not in the package.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00262-00069550-00069608": "Ready?", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00263-00069694-00069744": "Three.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00264-00069840-00069912": "Two.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00265-00069976-00070042": "One.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00266-00070266-00070342": "It's a snake.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00267-00070342-00070496": "And guess what? We get to keep it in our room.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00268-00070532-00070666": "What kind is it?", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00269-00070666-00070804": "It is a King snake.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00270-00070804-00070908": "You know what the best part,", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00271-00071000-00071106": "live rats.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00272-00071200-00071288": "Where are they?", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00273-00071382-00071470": "There's one there.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00274-00071470-00071618": "They have to eat them alive.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00275-00071618-00071700": "Yep.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00276-00071702-00071879": "- Oh, it's so cute, look. - I know,", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00277-00071880-00071980": "they're adorable.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00278-00071980-00072076": "They don't bite.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00279-00072108-00072192": "You want to hold it?", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00280-00072192-00072262": "Where is it?", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00281-00072284-00072384": "It's in that cave.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00282-00072472-00072650": "We're keeping the snake down here.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00283-00072770-00072984": "Where is the heating pad?", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00284-00073016-00073210": "It's right under there. It's 84 degrees.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00285-00073212-00073280": "Okay.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00286-00073294-00073378": "What are you gonna name it?", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00287-00073378-00073446": "Freckles.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00288-00073446-00073546": "- I wouldn't hold it. - I'm sorry, sorry.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00289-00073550-00073794": "Hey, wait wait wait.  I wouldn't hold it for a few days.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00290-00073794-00073884": "You're right.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00291-00073900-00073986": "Freckles?", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00292-00073986-00074036": "No. No.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00293-00074036-00074102": "Sorry.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00294-00074174-00074234": "Sorry.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00295-00074262-00074414": "Speckles and Prickles?", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00296-00074414-00074470": "No.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00297-00074520-00074812": "Since it's striped,  and I'm naming it", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00298-00074938-00075010": "Pretzels.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00299-00075036-00075114": "Pretzels?", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00300-00075114-00075164": "Pretzels.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00301-00075170-00075336": "Prickles and Speckles", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00302-00075336-00075443": "and Pretzels.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00303-00075443-00075594": "Pretzels, Prickles and Speckles.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00304-00075594-00075766": "We actually don't know what gender it is.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00305-00075802-00076048": "Like, I don't know if you seem sort of surprised.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00306-00076092-00076350": "I am really surprised.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00307-00076350-00076506": "Did you think that we wouldn't get you one?", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00308-00076506-00076714": "No, I didn't think you would get me one.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00309-00076772-00076932": "I am so happy right now.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00310-00076932-00077058": "It's a lot of work.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00311-00077130-00077206": "No, it's not.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00312-00077296-00077440": "Yeah, you have to clean,", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00313-00077440-00077622": "you have to clean the mice out", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00314-00077622-00077774": "- once a week. - Oh, the mice are probably worse", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00315-00077774-00077862": "than the snake.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00316-00077862-00077958": "Yeah, so you get two pets, pretty much.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00317-00077958-00078066": "So you have two pets.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00318-00078066-00078160": "- You have to -- - [inaudible]", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00319-00078236-00078292": "Kay.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00320-00078292-00078444": "But they're adorable. They don't bite at all so.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00321-00078446-00078530": "Happy Birthday.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00322-00078546-00078602": "I love you.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00323-00078602-00078652": "Thank you.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00324-00078686-00078786": "I must love you.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00325-00078800-00078932": "[inaudible]", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00326-00078962-00079096": "I didn't really have a choice.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00327-00079164-00079242": "Love you.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00328-00079254-00079326": "I love you.", "ad4-OV7Qw-A-00329-00079362-00080022": "[Music]"}}, {"audio_id": "adsTIc2-xY0", "text": {"adsTIc2-xY0-00000-00000042-00000566": "We all love Social Media in one form or another, but here are some things to be wary of with", "adsTIc2-xY0-00001-00000566-00000761": "Social Media...", "adsTIc2-xY0-00002-00000761-00001455": "1) Depression and Anxiety - Unfortunately Social Media can increase", "adsTIc2-xY0-00003-00001455-00001884": "depression and anxiety - This can be caused by multiple factors...", "adsTIc2-xY0-00004-00001884-00002297": "- ...such as feeling a lack of self worth, when comparing yourself to others", "adsTIc2-xY0-00005-00002297-00002643": "- Or from negativity that can compound on social media", "adsTIc2-xY0-00006-00002643-00003496": "2) FOMO (Fear of Missing Out) - Many on Social Media portray success in", "adsTIc2-xY0-00007-00003496-00003874": "a specific way... - ...of living a lavish lifestyle and earning", "adsTIc2-xY0-00008-00003874-00004244": "huge sums of money - This can lead to people feeling like they're", "adsTIc2-xY0-00009-00004244-00004587": "missing out - Particularly with the latest fashions or", "adsTIc2-xY0-00010-00004587-00004687": "trends", "adsTIc2-xY0-00011-00004687-00005551": "3) Cyberbullying - The Internet and Social Media are still", "adsTIc2-xY0-00012-00005551-00005910": "in their infancy - Therefore, it's still difficult to monitor", "adsTIc2-xY0-00013-00005910-00006287": "activity - Leading to bullying online, which can often", "adsTIc2-xY0-00014-00006287-00006498": "be a continuation of bullying in real life", "adsTIc2-xY0-00015-00006498-00007431": "4) Negative Perception - It's easy to have the wrong perception of", "adsTIc2-xY0-00016-00007431-00007815": "others on Social Media - This is because it's easy to compare yourself", "adsTIc2-xY0-00017-00007815-00008121": "to others... - ...who appear to lead exciting lives", "adsTIc2-xY0-00018-00008121-00008584": "- It's worth remembering, you only see the highlights on Social Media", "adsTIc2-xY0-00019-00008584-00009524": "5) Scamming - Due to the challenges of monitoring online", "adsTIc2-xY0-00020-00009524-00009775": "activity... - ...scammers often try to take advantage", "adsTIc2-xY0-00021-00009775-00010228": "of vulnerabilities - Be wary of suspicious activity online...", "adsTIc2-xY0-00022-00010228-00010407": "- ...and report it if possible", "adsTIc2-xY0-00023-00010407-00011324": "Thank you for watching, please Like, Share and Subscribe."}}, {"audio_id": "adz-XwgdOek", "text": {"adz-XwgdOek-00000-00000000-00037248": "©WARXUL. Drums. Warm Up Before The Game, Subscribe me:"}}, {"audio_id": "adzGPwoKUYu", "text": {"adzGPwoKUYu-00000-00000000-00000100": "ঝালকাঠিতে শিশুদের চিত্রাঙ্কন প্রতিযোগিতা অনুষ্ঠিত", "adzGPwoKUYu-00001-00000110-00000210": "ঝালকাঠিতে শিশুদের চিত্রাঙ্কন প্রতিযোগিতা অনুষ্ঠিত", "adzGPwoKUYu-00002-00001999-00002191": "ঝালকাঠিতে শিশুদের চিত্রাঙ্কন প্রতিযোগিতা অনুষ্ঠিত", "adzGPwoKUYu-00003-00002352-00002452": "ঝালকাঠিতে শিশুদের চিত্রাঙ্কন প্রতিযোগিতা অনুষ্ঠিত", "adzGPwoKUYu-00004-00002574-00002674": "ঝালকাঠিতে শিশুদের চিত্রাঙ্কন প্রতিযোগিতা অনুষ্ঠিত", "adzGPwoKUYu-00005-00004200-00004300": "ঝালকাঠিতে শিশুদের চিত্রাঙ্কন প্রতিযোগিতা অনুষ্ঠিত", "adzGPwoKUYu-00006-00004529-00004629": "ঝালকাঠিতে শিশুদের চিত্রাঙ্কন প্রতিযোগিতা অনুষ্ঠিত", "adzGPwoKUYu-00007-00005083-00005183": "ঝালকাঠিতে শিশুদের চিত্রাঙ্কন প্রতিযোগিতা অনুষ্ঠিত", "adzGPwoKUYu-00008-00005355-00005522": "ঝালকাঠিতে শিশুদের চিত্রাঙ্কন প্রতিযোগিতা অনুষ্ঠিত", "adzGPwoKUYu-00009-00006184-00006284": "ঝালকাঠিতে শিশুদের চিত্রাঙ্কন প্রতিযোগিতা অনুষ্ঠিত", "adzGPwoKUYu-00010-00006386-00006515": "ঝালকাঠিতে শিশুদের চিত্রাঙ্কন প্রতিযোগিতা অনুষ্ঠিত", "adzGPwoKUYu-00011-00006752-00006862": "ঝালকাঠিতে শিশুদের চিত্রাঙ্কন প্রতিযোগিতা অনুষ্ঠিত", "adzGPwoKUYu-00012-00006897-00007065": "ঝালকাঠিতে শিশুদের চিত্রাঙ্কন প্রতিযোগিতা অনুষ্ঠিত", "adzGPwoKUYu-00013-00007640-00007758": "ঝালকাঠিতে শিশুদের চিত্রাঙ্কন প্রতিযোগিতা অনুষ্ঠিত", "adzGPwoKUYu-00014-00007927-00008027": "ঝালকাঠিতে শিশুদের চিত্রাঙ্কন প্রতিযোগিতা অনুষ্ঠিত", "adzGPwoKUYu-00015-00008150-00008299": "ঝালকাঠিতে শিশুদের চিত্রাঙ্কন প্রতিযোগিতা অনুষ্ঠিত", "adzGPwoKUYu-00016-00008448-00008735": "ঝালকাঠিতে শিশুদের চিত্রাঙ্কন প্রতিযোগিতা অনুষ্ঠিত", "adzGPwoKUYu-00017-00008735-00008941": "ঝালকাঠিতে শিশুদের চিত্রাঙ্কন প্রতিযোগিতা অনুষ্ঠিত", "adzGPwoKUYu-00018-00009010-00009278": "ঝালকাঠিতে শিশুদের চিত্রাঙ্কন প্রতিযোগিতা অনুষ্ঠিত"}}, {"audio_id": "aeh3IZcfaCY", "text": {"aeh3IZcfaCY-00000-00000479-00000692": "Sugar. It’s everywhere.", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00001-00001355-00001434": "In the U.S.,", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00002-00001434-00001593": "more than half our cane sugar", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00003-00001593-00001847": "comes from Florida’s Glades region.", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00004-00001847-00002131": "And it comes with a side of flames and smoke.", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00005-00002314-00002523": "The first step in sugar cane harvest", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00006-00002523-00002656": "is burning.", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00007-00002656-00002827": "The growers, like nature,", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00008-00002827-00002973": "use fire to clear.", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00009-00003023-00003282": "It rids the stalks of excess leaves,", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00010-00003282-00003478": "making them easier to cut and mill.", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00011-00003670-00003770": "Some residents", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00012-00003770-00003916": "in these mostly low-income", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00013-00003916-00004070": "communities of color", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00014-00004070-00004195": "have said for years", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00015-00004195-00004425": "the smoke and ash are making them sick.", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00016-00004871-00005067": "Florida’s largest sugar companies", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00017-00005067-00005221": "say the burns are safe,", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00018-00005221-00005317": "well-regulated", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00019-00005317-00005430": "and couldn’t be stopped", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00020-00005430-00005655": "without “significant economic impact.”", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00021-00006006-00006164": "But the U.S. is an outlier", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00022-00006164-00006285": "on the global stage.", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00023-00006360-00006639": "In Brazil, it’s a totally different story.", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00024-00007732-00007862": "Brazil is the world’s", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00025-00007862-00008037": "largest producer of sugar cane.", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00026-00008058-00008312": "São Paulo state outlawed burning years ago,", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00027-00008312-00008495": "and farmers have reduced the practice there", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00028-00008495-00008696": "by about 99%.", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00029-00011707-00011832": "European colonists", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00030-00011832-00011966": "brought sugar cane to Brazil", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00031-00011966-00012112": "in the 16th century.", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00032-00012170-00012404": "Throughout the Western Hemisphere,", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00033-00012404-00012558": "it was a colonial crop", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00034-00012558-00012683": "that enslaved people", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00035-00012683-00012841": "were forced to grow.", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00036-00012866-00013021": "Originally a precious export", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00037-00013021-00013175": "for European royalty,", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00038-00013242-00013384": "over the centuries it became", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00039-00013384-00013500": "a household staple", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00040-00013500-00013705": "and an international commodity.", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00041-00014105-00014251": "Burns were introduced in Brazil", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00042-00014251-00014414": "in the 1960s.", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00043-00014939-00015098": "Fire was used to clear the way", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00044-00015098-00015194": "for workers,", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00045-00015194-00015398": "who were getting injured by sharp leaves", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00046-00015398-00015607": "and bitten by animals that hid in them.", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00047-00015953-00016053": "The cane they harvested", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00048-00016053-00016203": "became multiple products:", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00049-00016249-00016341": "sugar,", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00050-00016341-00016508": "ethanol for fuel", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00051-00016508-00016587": "and electricity", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00052-00016587-00016766": "from leftover plant material.", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00053-00019644-00019807": "Environmental activists", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00054-00019807-00019990": "protested to the government.", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00055-00019990-00020245": "So did citizens, rich and poor,", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00056-00020245-00020528": "in Brazil’s most powerful and populous state.", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00057-00021567-00021809": "Children who had asthma or bronchitis,", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00058-00021809-00022101": "they became very sick", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00059-00022101-00022238": "during the months where", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00060-00022238-00022468": "sugar cane was being harvested.", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00061-00022501-00022568": "We saw that", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00062-00022622-00022918": "where we have more plantations, more burning,", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00063-00022918-00023089": "we had more hospitalizations", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00064-00023089-00023227": "and more mortality", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00065-00023227-00023369": "for respiratory disease.", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00066-00024011-00024149": "Throughout the 2000s,", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00067-00024149-00024270": "pressure was building.", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00068-00024966-00025196": "There was opposition", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00069-00025196-00025412": "in the newspapers,", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00070-00025412-00025542": "on television.", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00071-00027348-00027602": "In 2002, São Paulo’s state government", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00072-00027602-00027865": "passed a law phasing out the burns.", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00073-00027865-00027965": "A few years later,", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00074-00027965-00028144": "the sugar industry worked with them", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00075-00028144-00028344": "to speed up the timeline,", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00076-00028344-00028645": "eliminating nearly all burning by 2017.", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00077-00028757-00028916": "In Brazil, there were two", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00078-00028916-00029079": "big, simultaneous changes:", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00079-00029079-00029266": "from hand cutting ...", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00080-00029266-00029433": "to machine harvesting,", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00081-00029521-00029696": "and from burnt cane ...", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00082-00029696-00029883": "to raw cane.", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00083-00029996-00030276": "It required major investments by the sugar companies,", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00084-00030276-00030422": "especially in machinery.", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00085-00030526-00030709": "Government policies encouraged", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00086-00030709-00030905": "ethanol production and use", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00087-00030905-00031097": "and other forms of renewable energy.", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00088-00031176-00031252": "In the end,", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00089-00031252-00031423": "stopping the burns paid off.", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00090-00032761-00032878": "You had a smaller,", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00091-00032878-00033007": "better-trained workforce", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00092-00033007-00033120": "operating machines", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00093-00033120-00033316": "instead of toiling in the fields.", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00094-00034025-00034330": "And raw cane had significant farming benefits.", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00095-00034405-00034576": "The big difference is this stuff,", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00096-00034576-00034872": "these outer leaves called “straw” or “leaf trash.”", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00097-00034918-00034993": "When you burn,", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00098-00034993-00035206": "most of it goes up in smoke.", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00099-00035206-00035318": "When you harvest raw cane,", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00100-00035318-00035472": "it’s blown back onto the fields.", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00101-00035514-00035589": "In Brazil,", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00102-00035589-00035706": "that straw is now", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00103-00035706-00035802": "highly valued.", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00104-00035844-00035956": "In most places,", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00105-00035956-00036136": "it enriches and protects the soil,", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00106-00036136-00036261": "so they leave it on the ground.", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00107-00036315-00036378": "In places where", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00108-00036378-00036569": "too much can harm the cane plants,", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00109-00036569-00036757": "they gather it up off the fields.", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00110-00036903-00037020": "Some is sent to mills,", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00111-00037020-00037241": "where it’s used to generate electricity,", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00112-00037241-00037374": "which is then sold to the grid", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00113-00037374-00037474": "at a profit.", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00114-00038605-00038684": "In Florida,", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00115-00038684-00038788": "that same straw", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00116-00038788-00039009": "is portrayed as useless at best,", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00117-00039009-00039147": "harmful at worst.", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00118-00039247-00039347": "S.A.F.E. Communities,", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00119-00039347-00039439": "an advocacy group", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00120-00039439-00039627": "with ties to the sugar industry,", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00121-00039627-00039718": "sent out flyers", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00122-00039718-00039827": "warning residents that", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00123-00039827-00039973": "mounds of straw on the ground", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00124-00039973-00040219": "would bring rats and snakes to their yards", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00125-00040219-00040423": "and increase the risk of wildfires.", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00126-00041908-00042079": "We are talking about", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00127-00042079-00042204": "pollution in the air", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00128-00042317-00042509": "that will affect everybody.", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00129-00042588-00042734": "And you’re asking me,", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00130-00042734-00043068": "“But if we have an infestation of insects ... ?”", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00131-00043068-00043326": "Well, let's deal with it.", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00132-00043422-00043547": "Brazilians have adapted,", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00133-00043547-00043789": "with effective pest control strategies", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00134-00043789-00044014": "and fire brigades at every mill.", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00135-00044173-00044490": "Nationwide, almost 90% of Brazil’s cane fields", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00136-00044490-00044715": "are now harvested without burning.", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00137-00044715-00044899": "American sugar companies point out", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00138-00044899-00045153": "that more cane is burned in Brazil than Florida,", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00139-00045153-00045266": "which is true,", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00140-00045266-00045478": "but only because Brazil’s overall production", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00141-00045478-00045612": "is so much larger.", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00142-00045787-00045866": "In Florida,", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00143-00045866-00046012": "harvesting was mechanized", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00144-00046012-00046150": "long before Brazil.", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00145-00046258-00046475": "But the practice of burning never stopped.", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00146-00046533-00046638": "It’s the cheapest way to", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00147-00046638-00046746": "prepare for the harvest,", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00148-00046746-00046901": "maximizing profits.", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00149-00046996-00047138": "The state government’s approach", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00150-00047138-00047280": "has been to regulate the burns", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00151-00047280-00047414": "instead of banning them.", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00152-00047547-00047747": "Since the early 1990s,", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00153-00047747-00047893": "burns have not been permitted", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00154-00047893-00048014": "when the wind blows east,", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00155-00048014-00048189": "towards whiter, wealthier places", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00156-00048189-00048356": "like West Palm Beach.", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00157-00048356-00048456": "But they’re still allowed", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00158-00048456-00048669": "when the winds blow towards the Glades,", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00159-00048669-00048836": "where about a third of the population", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00160-00048836-00048978": "lives in poverty.", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00161-00049453-00049712": "The state tightened restrictions in 2019,", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00162-00049712-00049945": "but the overall number of burns has held steady.", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00163-00050200-00050296": "The sugar companies", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00164-00050296-00050442": "are currently fighting a lawsuit", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00165-00050442-00050604": "from residents.", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00166-00050604-00050717": "The companies argue that", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00167-00050717-00050938": "the air quality in the Glades is good.", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00168-00051196-00051417": "Florida Crystals previously told us that", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00169-00051417-00051626": "Florida shouldn’t be compared to Brazil", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00170-00051626-00051747": "because of differences", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00171-00051747-00052018": "in soil, climate and regulations.", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00172-00052168-00052394": "In Brazil, there’s no going back,", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00173-00052394-00052569": "and experts say their methods", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00174-00052569-00052698": "for harvesting raw cane", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00175-00052698-00052844": "are transferable.", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00176-00056431-00056673": "We’ve done it here in Brazil.", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00177-00056673-00056769": "We have done it.", "aeh3IZcfaCY-00178-00056769-00057031": "So I believe they can do it in Florida."}}, {"audio_id": "aetSX9J7Fnu", "text": {"aetSX9J7Fnu-00000-00000001-00000105": "(male narrator) In this video,", "aetSX9J7Fnu-00001-00000105-00000401": "we will begin looking at the slope of a line", "aetSX9J7Fnu-00002-00000401-00000802": "and how we can find that slope from its graph.", "aetSX9J7Fnu-00003-00000802-00001002": "We use slope to measure...", "aetSX9J7Fnu-00004-00001301-00001501": "the steepness...", "aetSX9J7Fnu-00005-00001806-00002006": "of a line.", "aetSX9J7Fnu-00006-00002302-00002801": "It is often called the \"rate of change,\"", "aetSX9J7Fnu-00007-00002801-00003301": "or how fast this line or relationship is changing.", "aetSX9J7Fnu-00008-00003707-00004006": "The way we calculate this rate of change", "aetSX9J7Fnu-00009-00004006-00004302": "is how fast the graph rises...", "aetSX9J7Fnu-00010-00004407-00004802": "compared to how fast the graph runs.", "aetSX9J7Fnu-00011-00005102-00005500": "You might think about rising as how far the graph goes up,", "aetSX9J7Fnu-00012-00005500-00005807": "and run as how far the graph goes over.", "aetSX9J7Fnu-00013-00005807-00006207": "We often use the letter m to represent the slope:", "aetSX9J7Fnu-00014-00006207-00006409": "rise over run.", "aetSX9J7Fnu-00015-00006409-00006701": "Let's take a look at some graphs", "aetSX9J7Fnu-00016-00006701-00007100": "and see if we can find the slope of the graph.", "aetSX9J7Fnu-00017-00007100-00007205": "To find the slope,", "aetSX9J7Fnu-00018-00007205-00007507": "we need to know some points on the graph.", "aetSX9J7Fnu-00019-00007507-00007906": "Let's use this point on the x-axis.", "aetSX9J7Fnu-00020-00007906-00008307": "Let's also use the point up near the top right", "aetSX9J7Fnu-00021-00008307-00008703": "where the graph hits perfectly on the coordinate plane.", "aetSX9J7Fnu-00022-00008900-00009504": "Slope is rise...over run, so we will want to calculate", "aetSX9J7Fnu-00023-00009504-00009804": "how far the graph rises or goes up", "aetSX9J7Fnu-00024-00009804-00010302": "and then goes over to the point we have second.", "aetSX9J7Fnu-00025-00010302-00010606": "Counting, we see the graph rises 4 units", "aetSX9J7Fnu-00026-00010606-00011004": "and runs over to the right 6 units.", "aetSX9J7Fnu-00027-00011004-00011608": "This means we rise 4 and run 6, giving us the fraction: 4/6.", "aetSX9J7Fnu-00028-00011802-00012201": "We can reduce that fraction by dividing by 2", "aetSX9J7Fnu-00029-00012201-00012608": "to get our final slope of the line: 2/3.", "aetSX9J7Fnu-00030-00012608-00013004": "This means for every two spaces the graph climbs,", "aetSX9J7Fnu-00031-00013004-00013401": "it will also run a distance of 3.", "aetSX9J7Fnu-00032-00013508-00013704": "Let's try another line", "aetSX9J7Fnu-00033-00013704-00014004": "and see if we can calculate its slope.", "aetSX9J7Fnu-00034-00014107-00014408": "On this line, we will again identify two points", "aetSX9J7Fnu-00035-00014408-00014804": "we can use to calculate the slope.", "aetSX9J7Fnu-00036-00014804-00015008": "At the very top of the graph,", "aetSX9J7Fnu-00037-00015008-00015303": "it seems to hit the grid perfectly.", "aetSX9J7Fnu-00038-00015408-00015603": "Just past the y-axis,", "aetSX9J7Fnu-00039-00015603-00015909": "we see another point where we hit the grid perfectly.", "aetSX9J7Fnu-00040-00016101-00016403": "We will read the graph from left to right again", "aetSX9J7Fnu-00041-00016403-00016808": "to calculate the slope, which is rise over run.", "aetSX9J7Fnu-00042-00017003-00017207": "Notice in this case, for our rise,", "aetSX9J7Fnu-00043-00017207-00017508": "we actually must go down...", "aetSX9J7Fnu-00044-00017508-00017809": "and then over to our second point.", "aetSX9J7Fnu-00045-00017809-00018300": "Because we've gone down, we're going to call that a -3,", "aetSX9J7Fnu-00046-00018300-00018600": "reflecting the motion downward.", "aetSX9J7Fnu-00047-00018600-00018909": "We then moved 4 units to the right.", "aetSX9J7Fnu-00048-00018909-00019206": "Our slope is rise over run.", "aetSX9J7Fnu-00049-00019206-00019601": "We rose -3, and we ran 4.", "aetSX9J7Fnu-00050-00019703-00020109": "Notice when the graph went downhill from left to right,", "aetSX9J7Fnu-00051-00020109-00020508": "the slope--or rate of change-- was negative.", "aetSX9J7Fnu-00052-00020807-00021100": "By counting the rise and the run,", "aetSX9J7Fnu-00053-00021100-00021404": "we can find how steep, or what is the slope,", "aetSX9J7Fnu-00054-00021404-00021804": "or rate of change of our line."}}, {"audio_id": "afgW83s0KzM", "text": {"afgW83s0KzM-00000-00002071-00002350": "At times you can kind of gage about where you're at.", "afgW83s0KzM-00001-00002350-00002611": "You kind of get lost in the simulation a little bit.", "afgW83s0KzM-00002-00002611-00002930": "You kind of act like you're on watch.", "afgW83s0KzM-00003-00002930-00003754": "But then you look at it and you realize, it does kind of feel like a video game, especially", "afgW83s0KzM-00004-00003754-00004001": "for the younger generations, you kind of grow up on video games.", "afgW83s0KzM-00005-00004001-00004647": "The simulator here is like I said is unlike any other.", "afgW83s0KzM-00006-00004647-00004839": "Very realistic.", "afgW83s0KzM-00007-00004839-00005524": "A lot easier to simulate, bridge standing and watch standing on this particular simulator", "afgW83s0KzM-00008-00005524-00006123": "than it is send junior Sailor out to sea and put them on million dollar warships where", "afgW83s0KzM-00009-00006123-00006763": "we can come here, learn and make mistakes and learn from those mistakes here so that", "afgW83s0KzM-00010-00006763-00007340": "when we do get out to our ships you can actually perform well and do our jobs to the standard", "afgW83s0KzM-00011-00007340-00007522": "that the Navy expects from us.", "afgW83s0KzM-00012-00007522-00008013": "My navigator and my electronic material officer, both second tour division officers came to", "afgW83s0KzM-00013-00008013-00008577": "me in the last off fall period, and they had gone to the training and we got underway last", "afgW83s0KzM-00014-00008577-00009111": "month with both of them having never been underway on Fort Worth standing OOD, and they", "afgW83s0KzM-00015-00009111-00009383": "did a fabulous job about it.", "afgW83s0KzM-00016-00009383-00009825": "This is the future of bridge watch standing on minimally manned ships, absolutely.", "afgW83s0KzM-00017-00009825-00010086": "It doesn't get any better than this for simulations, that's for sure."}}, {"audio_id": "afiPWr7QwW0", "text": {"afiPWr7QwW0-00000-00000000-00001230": "we are committed we are committed we are committed to the awareness and Prevention", "afiPWr7QwW0-00001-00001230-00001809": "of sexual assault to keep Fayetteville a safe place to live work and study to fostering a", "afiPWr7QwW0-00002-00001809-00002409": "campus and community which sexual assault is not tolerated we are committed to understanding that", "afiPWr7QwW0-00003-00002409-00003057": "silence and inaction are complicity we are committed we are committed we are committed", "afiPWr7QwW0-00004-00003057-00003590": "to upholding victims rights in due process to educating ourselves and others so that", "afiPWr7QwW0-00005-00003590-00004410": "we are not just bystanders (in unision) we are committed to the honoring and upholding this pledge in the prevention of sexual assault", "afiPWr7QwW0-00006-00004410-00005235": "The University ofArkansas is committed to ensuring fair andequal treatment of all individuals within theuniversity community for concerns pertaining", "afiPWr7QwW0-00007-00005235-00005688": "to allegations of sexual misconduct in which a student is involved including but not limited", "afiPWr7QwW0-00008-00005688-00006360": "to sexual harassment sexual assault dating violence domestic violence stalking and sex", "afiPWr7QwW0-00009-00006360-00006915": "or gender discrimination please contact the title 9 coordinator or any deputy title 9 coordinator", "afiPWr7QwW0-00010-00007334-00007384": "you"}}, {"audio_id": "afjCdyBhNPg", "text": {"afjCdyBhNPg-00000-00000086-00000591": "Welcome back to the channel. All along we've been talking about having our", "afjCdyBhNPg-00001-00000591-00001023": "repository locally on our computer for some edits in our IDE.", "afjCdyBhNPg-00002-00001023-00001569": "So before we start editing we'll realize that we actually need to work on a", "afjCdyBhNPg-00003-00001569-00002100": "branch. One of the reasons why we don't work in our particular folder, so that we", "afjCdyBhNPg-00004-00002100-00002613": "can keep it fresh, so that when we recollect all the changes that have been", "afjCdyBhNPg-00005-00002613-00003143": "coming in through other contributors, we actually have a folder that is not", "afjCdyBhNPg-00006-00003143-00003702": "having a number of changes that were not made. So what we'll do is we'll", "afjCdyBhNPg-00007-00003702-00004143": "actually make a branch which is sort of like another section, so I'll open up the", "afjCdyBhNPg-00008-00004143-00004644": "integrated terminal, and I'll type Git branch, so that I can be able to make", "afjCdyBhNPg-00009-00004644-00005237": "another, just to see how many branches I have in my repo locally. And you", "afjCdyBhNPg-00010-00005237-00005789": "realize we only have one branch and which is the master. When we go on to our", "afjCdyBhNPg-00011-00005789-00006473": "online, we'll just create another branch which we'll call link - edits because", "afjCdyBhNPg-00012-00006473-00006903": "I'm going to edit the link so it will make more meaning, so when you click the", "afjCdyBhNPg-00013-00006903-00007547": "create branch it will create the new branch or link - edits right here. So if you", "afjCdyBhNPg-00014-00007547-00008190": "type git branch, you'll realize that we have master branch just in there, and now", "afjCdyBhNPg-00015-00008190-00008760": "what we need to do is also create the branch locally, so we'll do git branch and", "afjCdyBhNPg-00016-00008760-00009397": "then type link - edits, just so that we can mirror what's up online, and then", "afjCdyBhNPg-00017-00009397-00009885": "next we shall go git branch to see  how many branches we have, and we have", "afjCdyBhNPg-00018-00009885-00010415": "two branches right there now. Now what we need to do is actually just git checkout,", "afjCdyBhNPg-00019-00010415-00011124": "and then type links - edits to go into our new branch, and when we hit Enter, we", "afjCdyBhNPg-00020-00011124-00011593": "shall actually switch to the new branch. Now you don't need to be worried about", "afjCdyBhNPg-00021-00011593-00012354": "whether that will  affect our local server side, git", "afjCdyBhNPg-00022-00012354-00012866": "automatically switches that for us, and from that point on even if we refresh", "afjCdyBhNPg-00023-00012866-00013281": "we'll be working from the new branch that we are working under. So", "afjCdyBhNPg-00024-00013281-00013668": "we are now ready for our changes. So what I'm going to do is actually go into", "afjCdyBhNPg-00025-00013668-00014337": "edit, click find in files so that I use my IDE to help me find that premium", "afjCdyBhNPg-00026-00014337-00015025": "support that we are looking for in our plugin. And once I hit enter", "afjCdyBhNPg-00027-00015025-00015565": "you'll realize two results come back, one is for the translation which is the premium", "afjCdyBhNPg-00028-00015565-00016116": "support, and then next we have the one that has all the links in there. So what", "afjCdyBhNPg-00029-00016116-00016792": "I'm going to do is just use my editor to change whatever is coming through. We're", "afjCdyBhNPg-00030-00016792-00017337": "going to realize that this link has an apply filters section, so we can", "afjCdyBhNPg-00031-00017337-00017856": "actually change this through a filter to change that URL, but right now this", "afjCdyBhNPg-00032-00017856-00018415": "is the core plug-in and we don't need to use filters to change that for now. What", "afjCdyBhNPg-00033-00018415-00018768": "we are going to do is I'm actually just going to go right to the", "afjCdyBhNPg-00034-00018768-00019365": "repository, and when I go into the ClassicPress research repository I want", "afjCdyBhNPg-00035-00019365-00019801": "to get the issues link, so I'll copy that from the address bar, go back to my", "afjCdyBhNPg-00036-00019801-00020373": "editor and then I'll just paste that over the link that we do have right now.", "afjCdyBhNPg-00037-00020373-00020898": "When I paste that I'm sure that we're going to be going in the right place. Then next I'll", "afjCdyBhNPg-00038-00020898-00021718": "change the aria label content, that is for the accessibility bit, so I'll just", "afjCdyBhNPg-00039-00021718-00022710": "change that from visit premium support to support. So if we save that and then", "afjCdyBhNPg-00040-00022710-00023166": "just go and check in our browser just to see whether everything is alright, If", "afjCdyBhNPg-00041-00023166-00023670": "we go back to the admin section and refresh, we'll see that everything", "afjCdyBhNPg-00042-00023670-00024106": "changes to what we changed it to be so the support actually goes to the right", "afjCdyBhNPg-00043-00024106-00024451": "place. However it's playing within the same", "afjCdyBhNPg-00044-00024451-00024894": "browser, so I want to make one final change, and that is to add a target", "afjCdyBhNPg-00045-00024894-00025584": "attribute to the link. So I'll add target is equal to _blank, and that", "afjCdyBhNPg-00046-00025584-00025953": "will ensure that whenever we hit that link to actually opens in a new", "afjCdyBhNPg-00047-00025953-00026261": "browser. So if we reload one more time, and", "afjCdyBhNPg-00048-00026261-00026738": "actually just hit that support, we'll see that it opens up in a new page and", "afjCdyBhNPg-00049-00026738-00027191": "I'm happy with what's going on. Because I want the person using the plugin", "afjCdyBhNPg-00050-00027191-00027707": "to keep that plugin page open. So all we need to do is go back into our editor", "afjCdyBhNPg-00051-00027707-00028208": "into the terminal, and then we'll add those changes into our gits versioning", "afjCdyBhNPg-00052-00028208-00028604": "system. So what you need to do is actually just type something simple", "afjCdyBhNPg-00053-00028604-00029255": "which is git add . which will select all the files that have been changed at", "afjCdyBhNPg-00054-00029255-00029699": "that particular time, and add them to the staging area and right now we just have", "afjCdyBhNPg-00055-00029699-00030149": "only one file, and that's why it's actually highlighted yellow and marked", "afjCdyBhNPg-00056-00030149-00030782": "with the M, to show that it is modified. So I'll just do the git add and then hit", "afjCdyBhNPg-00057-00030782-00031580": "enter, and once I do that I'll just do the git commit - m, and then add the", "afjCdyBhNPg-00058-00031580-00032377": "proper message. So git commit with a message that is adding proper support", "afjCdyBhNPg-00059-00032377-00033320": "link for github. So once we hit enter, one file has been changed in our integrated", "afjCdyBhNPg-00060-00033320-00033773": "terminal, and then once we are done with that we shall be able to push this onto", "afjCdyBhNPg-00061-00033773-00034454": "our online platform. So I'll catch you in the next video, please subscribe or like", "afjCdyBhNPg-00062-00034454-00035075": "and ask any questions to see how far we can progress with this particular", "afjCdyBhNPg-00063-00035075-00035329": "project."}}, {"audio_id": "afnnfmqE_xI", "text": {"afnnfmqE_xI-00000-00000252-00000452": "babylon", "afnnfmqE_xI-00001-00001839-00002220": "A city in the ancient world", "afnnfmqE_xI-00002-00003700-00004183": "In Mesopotamia", "afnnfmqE_xI-00003-00005904-00006391": "Its population is 200,000", "afnnfmqE_xI-00004-00006517-00006823": "The most famous of its kings, Nebuchadnezzar II", "afnnfmqE_xI-00005-00006875-00007287": "Fell at the hands of the Persians", "afnnfmqE_xI-00006-00007370-00007754": "Babylon is one of the wonders of the world"}}, {"audio_id": "af_22TCmEJM", "text": {"af_22TCmEJM-00000-00000000-00000200": "FUNNY CATS AND DOGS VIDEOS COMPILATION TRY NOT TO LAUGH"}}, {"audio_id": "afVzF1bIZJE", "text": {"afVzF1bIZJE-00000-00000595-00000795": "What do you mean you don't know", "afVzF1bIZJE-00001-00000795-00001040": "Today lesson is for Tennis Doubles", "afVzF1bIZJE-00002-00001104-00001438": "chitchat before start", "afVzF1bIZJE-00003-00001618-00001970": "lol she is laughing about the mike", "afVzF1bIZJE-00004-00001984-00002262": "two of you should wear too", "afVzF1bIZJE-00005-00002628-00003290": "The first four n then back and shot ball back in high ball four inside ball four", "afVzF1bIZJE-00006-00003290-00003414": "um? Sorry?", "afVzF1bIZJE-00007-00003497-00003932": "(out of control as usual)", "afVzF1bIZJE-00008-00003932-00004152": "Qualification to be a coach  - Patience", "afVzF1bIZJE-00009-00004440-00005046": "I edit most of warm up part", "afVzF1bIZJE-00010-00005278-00005920": "for few rallies and 4 balls like this", "afVzF1bIZJE-00011-00005998-00006906": "sweating like crazy", "afVzF1bIZJE-00012-00006942-00007331": "Ok water break before we start", "afVzF1bIZJE-00013-00007423-00007672": "haven't even started but exhausted lol", "afVzF1bIZJE-00014-00007818-00008181": "Okay, same one stand volley one stand behind", "afVzF1bIZJE-00015-00008734-00008975": "We practice the doubles running things", "afVzF1bIZJE-00016-00009354-00009554": "Standing at the service line. Ah", "afVzF1bIZJE-00017-00009576-00010086": "Then keep your eyes to opponent. It's like my partner over there right", "afVzF1bIZJE-00018-00010170-00010552": "I serve and then  your partner return, and you coming in", "afVzF1bIZJE-00019-00010654-00010998": "never loot at partner (focus to opponent and balls)", "afVzF1bIZJE-00020-00011516-00011622": "I win~", "afVzF1bIZJE-00021-00011808-00011924": "wake up", "afVzF1bIZJE-00022-00011924-00012098": "(Let's try again. this was just first ball)", "afVzF1bIZJE-00023-00012286-00012486": "While you look at your partner", "afVzF1bIZJE-00024-00012891-00013063": "What went wrong?", "afVzF1bIZJE-00025-00013119-00013619": "Ami, when your partner smashing, what should you do?", "afVzF1bIZJE-00026-00013619-00013740": "going to the net?", "afVzF1bIZJE-00027-00013740-00014086": "Yes. Why you standing and watching", "afVzF1bIZJE-00028-00014166-00014344": "Let's see what Ami is doing", "afVzF1bIZJE-00029-00014628-00014860": "Julia is ready for smash / Ami is watching", "afVzF1bIZJE-00030-00015016-00015162": "Ami is dashing to the net after hit the smash", "afVzF1bIZJE-00031-00015162-00015330": "Remember. Have a chance, go to the net", "afVzF1bIZJE-00032-00016690-00016858": "Julia didnt step the line", "afVzF1bIZJE-00033-00017128-00017406": "(We knew the court switch was incorret)", "afVzF1bIZJE-00034-00017488-00017798": "You think and move over", "afVzF1bIZJE-00035-00017830-00018030": "so Ami doesn't know what to do", "afVzF1bIZJE-00036-00018748-00018978": "Must focus on me once I hit you should jump", "afVzF1bIZJE-00037-00020556-00020826": "Much better since is is 2nd time doubles lesson", "afVzF1bIZJE-00038-00021138-00021338": "who take this one", "afVzF1bIZJE-00039-00021362-00021586": "Telepathy ?! One for smash one for baseline ?", "afVzF1bIZJE-00040-00021688-00021956": "Say something!! you should use mouth lol lol lol", "afVzF1bIZJE-00041-00022024-00022224": "Okay, we need to talk", "afVzF1bIZJE-00042-00022320-00022520": "Say something say something", "afVzF1bIZJE-00043-00022656-00023000": "If you can confirm that you can hit then just say MINE", "afVzF1bIZJE-00044-00023028-00023444": "Okay, or she will keep on running because she's scared you can't reach", "afVzF1bIZJE-00045-00023472-00023768": "So No hesitation, make the call fast", "afVzF1bIZJE-00046-00025350-00025727": "Ok we start to use mouth  (:D)", "afVzF1bIZJE-00047-00027342-00027700": "Ya. It is so important to know what was the mistake", "afVzF1bIZJE-00048-00027700-00028002": "We can't improve when we dont know where the mistake is from", "afVzF1bIZJE-00049-00028002-00028206": "we are all need to learn  ;)", "afVzF1bIZJE-00050-00028612-00029208": "Now we call each other", "afVzF1bIZJE-00051-00031254-00031454": "Erm.. I  just sad for my mistake", "afVzF1bIZJE-00052-00031568-00031910": "What do you mean \"eeeeeehhhhh\" and then stop?", "afVzF1bIZJE-00053-00031956-00032068": "Why you stop?", "afVzF1bIZJE-00054-00032118-00032276": "(Still having so much fun) :D :D :D", "afVzF1bIZJE-00055-00032276-00032444": ".. no translation for 갬성", "afVzF1bIZJE-00056-00032444-00032598": ".........", "afVzF1bIZJE-00057-00032654-00032798": "If you see the chance, just come to the net", "afVzF1bIZJE-00058-00032834-00033098": "When you stand in behind as you got a chance?", "afVzF1bIZJE-00059-00033120-00033602": "example - I lob over Ami, then I got time, I will dash to the net", "afVzF1bIZJE-00060-00033722-00034366": "Once opponent lob again, then I can attack", "afVzF1bIZJE-00061-00034502-00034676": "No lob no lob", "afVzF1bIZJE-00062-00035052-00035322": "I lob and then come to the net", "afVzF1bIZJE-00063-00035991-00036191": "Good shot", "afVzF1bIZJE-00064-00036783-00036983": "His ball is scary (ball went to net)", "afVzF1bIZJE-00065-00037122-00037322": "What went wrong this time", "afVzF1bIZJE-00066-00037432-00037876": "If you never get the ball, you go back to position, that was correct", "afVzF1bIZJE-00067-00037950-00038308": "But you can see I come up what should you do? (like attack you", "afVzF1bIZJE-00068-00038336-00038852": "you need to give (too close to the net)", "afVzF1bIZJE-00069-00039122-00039542": "Second Ami shouldn't hit like that. You give me good shot.", "afVzF1bIZJE-00070-00039578-00039816": "like that your partner will go to the hospital", "afVzF1bIZJE-00071-00039978-00040144": "Let's check again the \"shot could send the partner to the hospital\"", "afVzF1bIZJE-00072-00040330-00040602": "wasn't proper forehand slice", "afVzF1bIZJE-00073-00040882-00041074": "In this situation", "afVzF1bIZJE-00074-00041074-00041510": "You got four options one way passing shot to", "afVzF1bIZJE-00075-00041532-00041760": "two,  three, use the angle", "afVzF1bIZJE-00076-00041788-00042054": "Or lob. I don't prefer the lob in this situation though.", "afVzF1bIZJE-00077-00042074-00042210": "Okay one more option", "afVzF1bIZJE-00078-00042210-00042620": "just hit to the people", "afVzF1bIZJE-00079-00042668-00042998": "hit to the people behind (coz can volley)", "afVzF1bIZJE-00080-00043028-00043484": "When the person is not good at volley then can hit directly too", "afVzF1bIZJE-00081-00043512-00043740": "depends on situation", "afVzF1bIZJE-00082-00043904-00044202": "Then this one's (the Hospital shot) using for when I standing behind", "afVzF1bIZJE-00083-00044247-00044473": "It's not using for when I come up", "afVzF1bIZJE-00084-00044474-00044848": "If I am at the net then you should give me a fast and strong shot.", "afVzF1bIZJE-00085-00044882-00045254": "Not like slow and funny spins", "afVzF1bIZJE-00086-00045764-00045908": "YAY win!~", "afVzF1bIZJE-00087-00047572-00047772": "You"}}, {"audio_id": "afYFG5jas3o", "text": {"afYFG5jas3o-00000-00000089-00000654": "Inside a bag, there are three green balls, two red balls, and four yellow balls.", "afYFG5jas3o-00001-00000654-00000969": "Two balls are randomly drawn without replacement.", "afYFG5jas3o-00002-00000969-00001352": "Calculate the probability of drawing one red ball and one yellow ball.", "afYFG5jas3o-00003-00001352-00001839": "So, let's consider, : what's What's the probability of drawing one red ball and one yellow ball?", "afYFG5jas3o-00004-00001839-00002565": "So, the probability of drawing one red and one yellow.", "afYFG5jas3o-00005-00002565-00003008": "Well, there are two different ways in which we could draw a red ball and a yellow ball.", "afYFG5jas3o-00006-00003008-00003461": "We could draw a red ball first, and then on the second ball we could draw a yellow ball.", "afYFG5jas3o-00007-00003461-00003777": "Or, we could draw a yellow ball first and then a red ball.", "afYFG5jas3o-00008-00003777-00004305": "So, in other words, this probability is going to be the sum of drawing red then yellow and", "afYFG5jas3o-00009-00004305-00004571": "drawing yellow then red.", "afYFG5jas3o-00010-00004571-00005023": "And, in order to find out these two probabilities, let's draw a probability tree diagram.", "afYFG5jas3o-00011-00005023-00005306": "So, there are actually three probabilities here.", "afYFG5jas3o-00012-00005306-00005544": "There are three possible outcomes that we have to consider.", "afYFG5jas3o-00013-00005544-00006066": "So, on the first draw we could get a green ball or we could get a red ball or we could", "afYFG5jas3o-00014-00006066-00006178": "get a yellow ball.", "afYFG5jas3o-00015-00006178-00006768": "So, because of that we're going to have three branches coming out of our probability tree.", "afYFG5jas3o-00016-00006768-00007122": "And here we're told there are three green balls, and how many balls we've got all up?", "afYFG5jas3o-00017-00007122-00007473": "We've got three, two, four, so that’s nine balls all up.", "afYFG5jas3o-00018-00007473-00007964": "So, the probability of drawing a green ball on the first draw is going to be 3 over 9.", "afYFG5jas3o-00019-00007964-00008389": "Now, there are two red balls, so the probability of drawing a red ball on the first draw is", "afYFG5jas3o-00020-00008389-00008681": "going to be 2 over 9.", "afYFG5jas3o-00021-00008681-00009081": "And the probability of drawing a yellow ball, there are four yellow balls, so that's gonna", "afYFG5jas3o-00022-00009081-00009218": "be 4 over 9.", "afYFG5jas3o-00023-00009218-00009649": "OK, once we've drawn the green ball, there are still some green balls left in the bag", "afYFG5jas3o-00024-00009649-00009836": "and still some red balls and still some yellow balls.", "afYFG5jas3o-00025-00009836-00010225": "So, from this green ball, we now have another three branches coming out.", "afYFG5jas3o-00026-00010225-00010703": "We could draw a green ball, a red ball, or yellow ball.", "afYFG5jas3o-00027-00010703-00011278": "Now, what's the probability of drawing a green ball if we've already drawn a green ball in", "afYFG5jas3o-00028-00011278-00011418": "our first draw?", "afYFG5jas3o-00029-00011418-00011868": "Let's quickly draw a bag and imagine that we have a bunch of balls here.", "afYFG5jas3o-00030-00011868-00012728": "Imagine that we have three green balls and we have two red balls and we also have four", "afYFG5jas3o-00031-00012728-00012832": "yellow balls.", "afYFG5jas3o-00032-00012832-00013487": "Well, if we on the first draw have already drawn out a green ball, on our second draw", "afYFG5jas3o-00033-00013487-00013806": "we're going to have one fewer green ball than we had before.", "afYFG5jas3o-00034-00013806-00014195": "Which means that the probability of now drawing a green ball is going to be—there only two", "afYFG5jas3o-00035-00014195-00014784": "green balls left in this bag and all up there are only eight balls—so the probability", "afYFG5jas3o-00036-00014784-00015210": "of drawing a green ball considering that these are drawn without replacement is going to", "afYFG5jas3o-00037-00015210-00015397": "be 2 over 8.", "afYFG5jas3o-00038-00015397-00015654": "What about the probability of drawing a red ball?", "afYFG5jas3o-00039-00015654-00016009": "Well, there are two red balls here and eight balls all up, so that's also going to be a", "afYFG5jas3o-00040-00016009-00016211": "probability of 2 over 8.", "afYFG5jas3o-00041-00016211-00016695": "So, the probability that we draw a yellow ball, given that we've drawn a green ball", "afYFG5jas3o-00042-00016695-00017109": "on our first draw, is going to be one, two, three, four—there are four yellow balls", "afYFG5jas3o-00043-00017109-00017381": "and eight balls all up, so that's going to be 4 over 8.", "afYFG5jas3o-00044-00017381-00017863": "Now, if we are to repeat that process, we have to repeat that process a couple more", "afYFG5jas3o-00045-00017863-00018045": "times in order to fill out this probability tree.", "afYFG5jas3o-00046-00018045-00018336": "So, here for red we've got three possibilities.", "afYFG5jas3o-00047-00018336-00018675": "We could have green, red, and yellow.", "afYFG5jas3o-00048-00018675-00019149": "So, remember this is the outcome that we've got a red ball on the first draw.", "afYFG5jas3o-00049-00019149-00020011": "So, if we had a red ball on the first draw, let's quickly draw our balls again, and have", "afYFG5jas3o-00050-00020011-00020790": "three green and four yellow, so here we're imagining the first draw we reach in and we", "afYFG5jas3o-00051-00020790-00020996": "draw a red ball.", "afYFG5jas3o-00052-00020996-00021475": "So, what's the probability from this bag now of drawing a green ball?", "afYFG5jas3o-00053-00021475-00021858": "Well, there are three green balls and eight balls all up, so the probability is 3 over", "afYFG5jas3o-00054-00021858-00021958": "8.", "afYFG5jas3o-00055-00021958-00022103": "What about the probability of drawing a red ball?", "afYFG5jas3o-00056-00022103-00022220": "That's going to be 1 over 8.", "afYFG5jas3o-00057-00022220-00022398": "And a yellow ball?", "afYFG5jas3o-00058-00022398-00022587": "That's going to be 4 over 8.", "afYFG5jas3o-00059-00022587-00022793": "OK, this is going well.", "afYFG5jas3o-00060-00022793-00023023": "We've just got three more branches to go.", "afYFG5jas3o-00061-00023023-00023328": "So, here imagine that we draw a yellow ball on our first draw.", "afYFG5jas3o-00062-00023328-00023856": "Well, we could draw a green, a red, or a yellow on a second.", "afYFG5jas3o-00063-00023856-00024775": "Again, if we've got our bag, imagine we've still got three green, got two red, and we've", "afYFG5jas3o-00064-00024775-00024943": "got a few yellow balls here.", "afYFG5jas3o-00065-00024943-00025147": "We’ve got four yellow.", "afYFG5jas3o-00066-00025147-00025562": "So, imagine that we draw out a yellow ball on the first draw.", "afYFG5jas3o-00067-00025562-00026192": "So, we’ve got one fewer yellow ball than the first draw, . so So here what's the probability", "afYFG5jas3o-00068-00026192-00026352": "of getting a green ball?", "afYFG5jas3o-00069-00026352-00026739": "Well, there are eight balls, and three of them are green, so this is going to be 3 over", "afYFG5jas3o-00070-00026739-00026839": "8.", "afYFG5jas3o-00071-00026839-00027344": "Here, the probability of getting a red ball, that's going to be 2 over 8.", "afYFG5jas3o-00072-00027344-00027670": "And the probability of getting a yellow ball, that's going to be 3 over 8.", "afYFG5jas3o-00073-00027670-00028056": "So, we’re interested in two outcomes, red yellow and yellow red.", "afYFG5jas3o-00074-00028056-00028479": "So, red yellow, that corresponds to red on the first ball, yellow on the second ball.", "afYFG5jas3o-00075-00028479-00028624": "So, red yellow is here.", "afYFG5jas3o-00076-00028624-00028857": "So, the probability of getting red yellow.", "afYFG5jas3o-00077-00028857-00029399": "S, so, red on the first, yellow on the second, is going to be 2 over 9 times 4 over 8.", "afYFG5jas3o-00078-00029399-00029806": "So, the probability associated with first branch multiplied by the probability associated", "afYFG5jas3o-00079-00029806-00029906": "with the second branch.", "afYFG5jas3o-00080-00029906-00030200": "So, 2 over 9 times 4 over 8.", "afYFG5jas3o-00081-00030200-00030695": "Well, 4 over 8 is the same as a half, so that's going to be 2 over 9 times a half.", "afYFG5jas3o-00082-00030695-00031267": "We've got a common factor of 2, so this is going to be 1 over 9 multiplied by 1 over", "afYFG5jas3o-00083-00031267-00031367": "1.", "afYFG5jas3o-00084-00031367-00031516": "That’s just going to be 1 over 9.", "afYFG5jas3o-00085-00031516-00031919": "So, that's the probability of drawing a red on the first draw and a yellow ball on the", "afYFG5jas3o-00086-00031919-00032052": "second draw.", "afYFG5jas3o-00087-00032052-00032175": "What about yellow red?", "afYFG5jas3o-00088-00032175-00032482": "So, it's yellow on the first draw, red on the second draw.", "afYFG5jas3o-00089-00032482-00032912": "So, the probability here of yellow red, we’re going to do something very similar.", "afYFG5jas3o-00090-00032912-00033223": "Going toThen you get 4 over 9 times 2 over 8.", "afYFG5jas3o-00091-00033223-00033484": "Four over 9 times 2 over 8.", "afYFG5jas3o-00092-00033484-00034131": "Two over 8 is a quarter, so it's going to be 4 over 9 times a quarter.", "afYFG5jas3o-00093-00034131-00034498": "And here we've got a common factor again of 4, so this is going to be 1 over 9.", "afYFG5jas3o-00094-00034498-00034627": "That’s 1 over 1.", "afYFG5jas3o-00095-00034627-00034984": "So, this is going to be 1 over 9 as well.", "afYFG5jas3o-00096-00034984-00035605": "So, here, we’ve got the probability of one red and one yellow is going to be 1 over 9,", "afYFG5jas3o-00097-00035605-00035774": "the probability of red and yellow.", "afYFG5jas3o-00098-00035774-00036268": "Plus the probability of yellow red, that’s going to be 1 over 9 again, so that's going", "afYFG5jas3o-00099-00036268-00036385": "to be 2 over 9."}}, {"audio_id": "afabHJohA4U", "text": {"afabHJohA4U-00000-00000000-00000400": "Allosaurus courtship consists of the male presenting a kill and the female examining it."}}, {"audio_id": "afaMamD7ds4", "text": {"afaMamD7ds4-00000-00000065-00000324": "(gentle music)", "afaMamD7ds4-00001-00000552-00000990": "People may feel that play", "afaMamD7ds4-00002-00000990-00001159": "is something juvenile,", "afaMamD7ds4-00003-00001159-00001475": "that it's a very simple concept,", "afaMamD7ds4-00004-00001580-00001893": "that it has no place in higher education,", "afaMamD7ds4-00005-00001893-00002110": "that you do or work to be proper and serious", "afaMamD7ds4-00006-00002110-00002193": "and legitimate.", "afaMamD7ds4-00007-00002193-00002401": "It has to be challenging, make you miserable.", "afaMamD7ds4-00008-00002401-00002544": "And sometimes be dull.", "afaMamD7ds4-00009-00002544-00002771": "People have actually invited me to do play for workshops", "afaMamD7ds4-00010-00002771-00003004": "in their institutions, say to me, but Alison,", "afaMamD7ds4-00011-00003004-00003347": "how do you square away the fact that I am an educator", "afaMamD7ds4-00012-00003347-00003709": "and my job is to educate my students, not to entertain them?", "afaMamD7ds4-00013-00003709-00003876": "And I can't understand why you can't do both.", "afaMamD7ds4-00014-00003876-00004126": "(piano music)", "afaMamD7ds4-00015-00004288-00004695": "Somewhere along the lines, this notion of edutainment", "afaMamD7ds4-00016-00004695-00005125": "has been made into a dirty word. Really great learning,", "afaMamD7ds4-00017-00005125-00005332": "doesn't matter how difficult it is,", "afaMamD7ds4-00018-00005332-00005685": "is fascinating and awe-inspiring, and makes you curious,", "afaMamD7ds4-00019-00005685-00005915": "and makes you laugh, and makes you want more.", "afaMamD7ds4-00020-00005915-00006274": "You know, like, like the best kind of experience", "afaMamD7ds4-00021-00006416-00006603": "that we have in any aspect of our lives.", "afaMamD7ds4-00022-00006603-00006750": "You know, if you're an engineer,", "afaMamD7ds4-00023-00006750-00007070": "there are great examples of play in post-graduate learning.", "afaMamD7ds4-00024-00007070-00007278": "If you're an artist, if you're a writer,", "afaMamD7ds4-00025-00007278-00007491": "if you're a scientist, psychologist, you know,", "afaMamD7ds4-00026-00007491-00007736": "there is no place play can't reside.", "afaMamD7ds4-00027-00007736-00008086": "But we have to understand that we will value different", "afaMamD7ds4-00028-00008086-00008253": "things to spent depending on our,", "afaMamD7ds4-00029-00008390-00008521": "on our disciplinary context.", "afaMamD7ds4-00030-00008521-00008904": "The animal behaviorist will talk about play in one language,", "afaMamD7ds4-00031-00008904-00009103": "the anthropologist will talk about it in another.", "afaMamD7ds4-00032-00009103-00009295": "So talking the right kind of language.", "afaMamD7ds4-00033-00009295-00009515": "So we understand each other is another way.", "afaMamD7ds4-00034-00009515-00009997": "I think start small, experiment, find your champions.", "afaMamD7ds4-00035-00009997-00010386": "The moment that students say they like it.", "afaMamD7ds4-00036-00010386-00010630": "You can bet your bottom dollar there will be a shift.", "afaMamD7ds4-00037-00010630-00010863": "I'm talking about students who say, you know,", "afaMamD7ds4-00038-00010863-00011276": "I was trying to grasp a complex concept like gravity", "afaMamD7ds4-00039-00011276-00011554": "or ergonomics or semiotics or whatever.", "afaMamD7ds4-00040-00011554-00011910": "And my teacher did X with me, and it went from being a crazy", "afaMamD7ds4-00041-00011910-00012241": "world of confusion to something that I got because it's those", "afaMamD7ds4-00042-00012241-00012633": "key concepts that enable us to progress in learning.", "afaMamD7ds4-00043-00012633-00012966": "(upbeat music)", "afaMamD7ds4-00044-00012966-00013169": "During the pandemic, right at the very beginning", "afaMamD7ds4-00045-00013169-00013601": "of the pandemic in March 2020, many, many universities", "afaMamD7ds4-00046-00013601-00013900": "that weren't particularly well set up in digital", "afaMamD7ds4-00047-00013900-00014312": "or online education had a few weeks of unholy panic.", "afaMamD7ds4-00048-00014312-00014601": "Where it was all about how can we get material to students?", "afaMamD7ds4-00049-00014601-00014744": "How can we upload content?", "afaMamD7ds4-00050-00014744-00015051": "And it was all shop, shop, shop, information, information,", "afaMamD7ds4-00051-00015051-00015293": "but actually what students and staff most needed", "afaMamD7ds4-00052-00015293-00015519": "in those times, it was, yes, they needed to know", "afaMamD7ds4-00053-00015519-00015753": "that they could still access the material on X.", "afaMamD7ds4-00054-00015753-00016055": "But actually, that was only one bit of it.", "afaMamD7ds4-00055-00016055-00016268": "They wanted to still feel supported,", "afaMamD7ds4-00056-00016268-00016458": "connected to each other,", "afaMamD7ds4-00057-00016458-00016727": "heard, able to express their anxieties,", "afaMamD7ds4-00058-00016727-00016961": "knowing who to turn to given, that they couldn't pop", "afaMamD7ds4-00059-00016961-00017103": "down a corridor.", "afaMamD7ds4-00060-00017103-00017355": "And I think the thing that we really learned", "afaMamD7ds4-00061-00017355-00017755": "is that playful learning enables connection.", "afaMamD7ds4-00062-00017755-00018255": "It enables those kinds of social and interpersonal", "afaMamD7ds4-00063-00018260-00018543": "relationships, which also enable learning.", "afaMamD7ds4-00064-00018543-00018847": "And if you haven't got those, then you know,", "afaMamD7ds4-00065-00018847-00019209": "you, you won't necessarily navigate the content", "afaMamD7ds4-00066-00019209-00019339": "in the richest way possible.", "afaMamD7ds4-00067-00019339-00019622": "(uplifting music)"}}, {"audio_id": "ag74EeD0dpI", "text": {"ag74EeD0dpI-00000-00000433-00000796": "Recall, the FASB has revised the definition of revenue", "ag74EeD0dpI-00001-00000796-00001183": "recognition to say that revenue is recognized when", "ag74EeD0dpI-00002-00001183-00001520": "a specific critical event has occurred", "ag74EeD0dpI-00003-00001520-00001879": "and the amount of revenue is measurable.", "ag74EeD0dpI-00004-00001879-00002047": "For an accounting principles class,", "ag74EeD0dpI-00005-00002047-00002296": "the specific critical event that occurs", "ag74EeD0dpI-00006-00002296-00002738": "is either services performed or goods are delivered.", "ag74EeD0dpI-00007-00002738-00003005": "The amount of the journal entry is the fair value", "ag74EeD0dpI-00008-00003005-00003203": "of the assets received.", "ag74EeD0dpI-00009-00003203-00003557": "Usually, that will be cash, but not always.", "ag74EeD0dpI-00010-00003557-00003929": "When recording revenue and the related receivable,", "ag74EeD0dpI-00011-00003929-00004427": "the guidelines instruct us to record the amount at the value", "ag74EeD0dpI-00012-00004427-00004737": "we expect to receive.", "ag74EeD0dpI-00013-00004737-00005037": "Often, this is the amount of sale.", "ag74EeD0dpI-00014-00005037-00005475": "But some companies offer customers discounts", "ag74EeD0dpI-00015-00005475-00005806": "to encourage early payment.", "ag74EeD0dpI-00016-00005806-00006195": "So let's look at examples of how the journal entries differ from", "ag74EeD0dpI-00017-00006195-00006673": "those who offer discounts to those who don't.", "ag74EeD0dpI-00018-00006673-00006920": "So for service firms, we record revenue", "ag74EeD0dpI-00019-00006920-00007223": "by debiting accounts receivable, in this example,", "ag74EeD0dpI-00020-00007223-00007473": "it could also be cash in some cases,", "ag74EeD0dpI-00021-00007473-00007931": "and crediting service revenue for $20,000.", "ag74EeD0dpI-00022-00007931-00008216": "For merchandising or manufacturing firms,", "ag74EeD0dpI-00023-00008216-00008549": "meaning firms that sell goods rather than services,", "ag74EeD0dpI-00024-00008549-00008918": "we record revenue by debiting accounts receivable-- again,", "ag74EeD0dpI-00025-00008918-00009149": "it could be cash in some cases--", "ag74EeD0dpI-00026-00009149-00009594": "and crediting sales revenue for $20,000.", "ag74EeD0dpI-00027-00009594-00009832": "But that's only the first of the two journal entries that", "ag74EeD0dpI-00028-00009832-00010140": "are needed when we sell goods.", "ag74EeD0dpI-00029-00010140-00010507": "We also need to record the cost of goods sold,", "ag74EeD0dpI-00030-00010507-00010818": "which is an expense account, and the reduction", "ag74EeD0dpI-00031-00010818-00011235": "of the inventory for the cost, not the price, of the goods", "ag74EeD0dpI-00032-00011235-00011388": "sold.", "ag74EeD0dpI-00033-00011388-00011727": "In this example, we debit costs of goods sold and credit", "ag74EeD0dpI-00034-00011727-00012091": "inventory for $8,000.", "ag74EeD0dpI-00035-00012091-00012421": "If you need more understanding on this type of transaction,", "ag74EeD0dpI-00036-00012421-00012745": "I would encourage you to watch the videos on buying", "ag74EeD0dpI-00037-00012745-00012952": "and selling inventory.", "ag74EeD0dpI-00038-00012952-00013113": "For the purposes of this video, we", "ag74EeD0dpI-00039-00013113-00013369": "want to focus on the revenue component, not", "ag74EeD0dpI-00040-00013369-00013605": "the cost component.", "ag74EeD0dpI-00041-00013605-00014022": "When a customer pays us, we debit cash and credit accounts", "ag74EeD0dpI-00042-00014022-00014382": "receivable for $20,000.", "ag74EeD0dpI-00043-00014382-00014571": "Now, let's look at the same examples,", "ag74EeD0dpI-00044-00014571-00015093": "only we will assume that we offer our customer a $500", "ag74EeD0dpI-00045-00015093-00015397": "discount for early payment.", "ag74EeD0dpI-00046-00015397-00015812": "Since we record revenue at the amount we expect to receive,", "ag74EeD0dpI-00047-00015812-00016160": "we would debit accounts receivable and credit sales", "ag74EeD0dpI-00048-00016160-00016574": "revenue for $19,500.", "ag74EeD0dpI-00049-00016574-00017180": "This is the $20,000 sale minus the $500 discount.", "ag74EeD0dpI-00050-00017180-00017489": "Since the discount only impacts the amount of cash", "ag74EeD0dpI-00051-00017489-00017798": "we expect to receive, our cost journal entry", "ag74EeD0dpI-00052-00017798-00017975": "remains exactly the same.", "ag74EeD0dpI-00053-00017975-00018395": "The discount does not impact the cost of our goods.", "ag74EeD0dpI-00054-00018395-00018728": "When a customer pays us within the discount period,", "ag74EeD0dpI-00055-00018728-00018992": "we would debit cash and credit accounts", "ag74EeD0dpI-00056-00018992-00019373": "receivable for $19,500.", "ag74EeD0dpI-00057-00019373-00019700": "However, if the customer does not", "ag74EeD0dpI-00058-00019700-00019955": "pay us within the discount period,", "ag74EeD0dpI-00059-00019955-00020375": "we would expect full payment of $20,000.", "ag74EeD0dpI-00060-00020375-00020825": "In this example, we would debit cash for $20,000", "ag74EeD0dpI-00061-00020825-00021017": "and credit accounts for receivable", "ag74EeD0dpI-00062-00021017-00021563": "for $19,500, which is the amount this account was debited", "ag74EeD0dpI-00063-00021563-00021845": "for in the original entry.", "ag74EeD0dpI-00064-00021845-00022104": "At this point, our journal entry is out of balance.", "ag74EeD0dpI-00065-00022104-00022472": "So we would also credit an account, like sales discount", "ag74EeD0dpI-00066-00022472-00022745": "forfeited, for $500."}}, {"audio_id": "agqGcyzvsGc", "text": {"agqGcyzvsGc-00000-00000000-00000400": "Sorry for hitting myself more than 100,000 times."}}, {"audio_id": "ag_9DJarFtQ", "text": {"ag_9DJarFtQ-00000-00000026-00000518": "Hola a todos en El aLIJo, me llamo Jeff Kinney y soy el autor de la serie \"Diario de Greg\"", "ag_9DJarFtQ-00001-00000526-00000869": "Espero que seáis fans de mis libros y que os guste el nuevo libro", "ag_9DJarFtQ-00002-00000869-00001011": "que se llama \"Vieja escuela\""}}, {"audio_id": "ahjJXoxbYYM", "text": {"ahjJXoxbYYM-00000-00001722-00002106": "Now Mr. Utterson and Mr. Poole are having a conversation.", "ahjJXoxbYYM-00001-00002196-00002548": "They decide to go ahead and break down the door.", "ahjJXoxbYYM-00002-00002598-00002828": "Mr. Utterson has a metal rod.", "ahjJXoxbYYM-00003-00002874-00003062": "Mr. Poole has an axe.", "ahjJXoxbYYM-00004-00003134-00003324": "The two of them get ready to break down the door...", "ahjJXoxbYYM-00005-00003328-00003384": "One...", "ahjJXoxbYYM-00006-00003400-00003456": "Two...", "ahjJXoxbYYM-00007-00003456-00003515": "*gasp*", "ahjJXoxbYYM-00008-00003614-00003846": "Are you curious? Go ahead and read."}}, {"audio_id": "ahlZ8jI0uyg", "text": {"ahlZ8jI0uyg-00000-00000030-00000280": "DAVE WHITE: Courage, leadership, teamwork.", "ahlZ8jI0uyg-00001-00000281-00000446": "These are the same qualities it will", "ahlZ8jI0uyg-00002-00000446-00000712": "take to solve our sustainability challenges.", "ahlZ8jI0uyg-00003-00000712-00000923": "CLIVE WYNN: There is no animal with which", "ahlZ8jI0uyg-00004-00000923-00001320": "people have had such rich and long relationship, as the dog.", "ahlZ8jI0uyg-00005-00001320-00001470": "ANDREW MAYNARD: We're getting really", "ahlZ8jI0uyg-00006-00001470-00001691": "creative how we think about risk,", "ahlZ8jI0uyg-00007-00001691-00001971": "to survive and to thrive in a risky world.", "ahlZ8jI0uyg-00008-00001971-00002218": "NADYA BLISS: But if our goal is research with impact,", "ahlZ8jI0uyg-00009-00002218-00002450": "failure is not a bad thing.", "ahlZ8jI0uyg-00010-00002450-00002738": "AMBER WUTICH: This was the original sharing economy.", "ahlZ8jI0uyg-00011-00002738-00002977": "The cup of sugar, the labor exchange.", "ahlZ8jI0uyg-00012-00002977-00003136": "MINI WADHWA: One of the new approaches", "ahlZ8jI0uyg-00013-00003136-00003452": "is to collect a sample from the surface of a comet.", "ahlZ8jI0uyg-00014-00003452-00003659": "JIM BELL: Is it absolutely crazy to be", "ahlZ8jI0uyg-00015-00003659-00004028": "able to spend the weekend on the moon, before I retire?", "ahlZ8jI0uyg-00016-00004028-00004242": "LINDY ELKINS-TANTON: Psyche gives us", "ahlZ8jI0uyg-00017-00004254-00004496": "a chance to visit inner space by visiting outer space.", "ahlZ8jI0uyg-00018-00004497-00004767": "SETHURAMAN PANCHANATHAN: Amazing people, fantastic ideas,", "ahlZ8jI0uyg-00019-00004767-00004897": "and phenomenal impact.", "ahlZ8jI0uyg-00020-00004897-00005594": "That is what a Knowledge Enterprise is all about."}}, {"audio_id": "ahmQM1ZQ3bQ", "text": {"ahmQM1ZQ3bQ-00000-00000000-00000200": "BrowardCounty"}}, {"audio_id": "ahxG8YZ8siI", "text": {"ahxG8YZ8siI-00000-00000160-00000592": "The finalists in the leader in industry 4.0 category are", "ahxG8YZ8siI-00001-00001064-00001592": "Coolon - Hallam", "ahxG8YZ8siI-00002-00002256-00002984": "Osteon Medical - Mulgrave", "ahxG8YZ8siI-00003-00003464-00004384": "RUAG Australia - Bayswater"}}, {"audio_id": "ahA9Hp_MWlM", "text": {"ahA9Hp_MWlM-00000-00000000-00000200": "What is measles?", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00001-00000385-00000669": "Hello, welcome back I'm doctor Marco", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00002-00000669-00000833": "and today we once more talk about measles", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00003-00000880-00001160": "from last week that we got notice of a measles", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00004-00001160-00001464": "outbreak in Mexico City after 20 years", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00005-00001469-00001569": "without cases", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00006-00001615-00001911": "I'll leave the link on top ot this video so you can check the news", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00007-00001911-00002205": "we now have 4 reported cases so I think it's", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00008-00002205-00002480": "important considering the increase in cases", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00009-00002480-00002776": "and in outbreaks all around the globe", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00010-00002776-00003095": "I though it was a good idea to cover this disease", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00011-00003104-00003350": "even thou we were close to controlling it", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00012-00003395-00003730": "it's once again crucial to prevent it", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00013-00003730-00003830": "and manage this disease", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00014-00003853-00004189": "that is so contagious, so today we will review it", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00015-00004272-00004433": "So let's tackle", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00016-00004433-00004729": "the infection known as measles", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00017-00004729-00004934": "so measles is one of the", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00018-00004934-00005194": "most contagious virus in the world", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00019-00005194-00005494": "so it's an extremely contagious virus from the family", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00020-00005494-00005785": "of Morbilivirus and it is transmitted", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00021-00005785-00006028": "as most of the extremely contagious virus", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00022-00006028-00006233": "through the air", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00023-00006233-00006394": "once it enters our body", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00024-00006394-00006671": "it will cause a systemic infection", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00025-00006671-00006944": "that typically causes a rash", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00026-00006944-00007217": "so our skin we will", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00027-00007217-00007410": "have a visible papulae", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00028-00007410-00007704": "like small pimples", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00029-00007704-00008000": "popping up all over our skin", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00030-00008000-00008318": "it's important to mention that even thou", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00031-00008318-00008517": "it's the classical sign of measls", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00032-00008517-00008788": "some patients with low immune systems", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00033-00008788-00009076": "may not develop ever", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00034-00009076-00009357": "this rash", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00035-00009357-00009549": "in skin or in", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00036-00009549-00009700": "mucosae like mouth", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00037-00009700-00009984": "known as Koplik's spots", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00038-00010036-00010325": "In some patients measles is a", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00039-00010325-00010591": "lethal disease, not just severe", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00040-00010591-00010886": "not just generate complications, but kill our patients", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00041-00010886-00011104": "in this group we can find patients", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00042-00011104-00011397": "immunecompromised", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00043-00011397-00011633": "vitamin A deficiencies", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00044-00011654-00011990": "and the patient dies due to severe complications like CROUP", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00045-00011990-00012181": "a blockage of the airway", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00046-00012182-00012432": "preventing air from getting to the lungs", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00047-00012432-00012635": "causing suffocation", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00048-00012635-00012833": "due to a severe swelling of the larynx", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00049-00012858-00013099": "it's literally a complete obstruction", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00050-00013099-00013368": "also pneumonia", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00051-00013368-00013658": "the most frequent complication and in some", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00052-00013658-00013955": "patients may lead to death, and encephalitis", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00053-00013955-00014260": "when the virus manages to reach", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00054-00014260-00014451": "the brain causing", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00055-00014451-00014703": "it to swell", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00056-00014740-00015036": "Because of it's high contagion rate", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00057-00015036-00015337": "it is also a frequent cause of epidemics", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00058-00015338-00015552": "and pandemics, the only reason", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00059-00015552-00015856": "we haven't had any recently", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00060-00015856-00016136": "is thanks to the high vaccination rates", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00061-00016136-00016414": "that we fortunately have in several countries", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00062-00016414-00016632": "including many in Latinamerica and", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00063-00016632-00016931": "especially Mexico with very high rates", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00064-00016931-00017238": "even thou lately they have been falling", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00065-00017267-00017540": "the only reservoir for the virus is the human being", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00066-00017540-00017859": "so the virus can only live in humans", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00067-00017859-00018116": "jumping from one human to another", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00068-00018116-00018417": "this are relatively good news", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00069-00018417-00018670": "because it means that", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00070-00018670-00018956": "we have the potential to eradicate", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00071-00018956-00019224": "completely disappear this infection from the planet", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00072-00019224-00019524": "and for it to stop causing any disease", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00073-00019524-00019796": "of course what we need is that nobody", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00074-00019796-00020006": "is sick", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00075-00020006-00020280": "and to stop the chain of spread", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00076-00020280-00020423": "which if we maintain", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00077-00020423-00020721": "high levels of immunity", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00078-00020721-00020907": "thanks to the vaccine everywhere", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00079-00020934-00021199": "we could achieve it", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00080-00021199-00021477": "so it's one of those health issues we haven't cracked", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00081-00021477-00021765": "because of social and political stuff but", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00082-00021765-00022038": "where science and medicine are ready", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00083-00022038-00022289": "and could lead to the eradication of", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00085-00022372-00022664": "this highly contagious and severe", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00086-00022664-00022764": "virus", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00087-00022808-00023085": "Now how do I get it, someone", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00088-00023093-00023407": "is in contact with the virus, and this of course", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00089-00023407-00023694": "lodges in the respiratory tract", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00090-00023694-00023997": "and starts prolifferating", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00091-00023997-00024240": "so it", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00092-00024240-00024548": "quickly increases the number of virus this person has", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00093-00024548-00024817": "I'd like to underline that to get the infection", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00094-00024817-00025105": "I need to be in contact with someone that already have the virus", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00095-00025105-00025401": "so for example in Mexico where we don't have the virus anymore", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00096-00025401-00025711": "there are no mexicans with measles", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00097-00025711-00026013": "thanks to all the people that have vaccinated", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00098-00026071-00026278": "for us to get a case", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00099-00026278-00026572": "it means it's imported, it comes from another country", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00100-00026572-00026890": "where vaccination rates are much lower", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00101-00026910-00026994": "I would like to say", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00102-00026994-00027281": "that these are underdeveloped countries", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00103-00027281-00027579": "but thanks to anti-vaxxers", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00104-00027579-00027688": "we now find", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00105-00027688-00027997": "many European countries and the United States", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00106-00027997-00028287": "have a high prevalence of", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00107-00028287-00028605": "measles outbreaks and infections", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00108-00028645-00029167": "So anyway we have it in the lung, it proliferates in our airway", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00109-00029190-00029429": "and when the number is high enough", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00110-00029429-00029593": "it is transported", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00111-00029593-00029831": "by cells in the immune system to", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00112-00029831-00030087": "the lymphatic system, like the highway", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00113-00030088-00030408": "that takes our immune cells everywhere", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00114-00030442-00030993": "and since this virus can enter our immune cells and go everywhere", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00115-00030993-00031489": "it leads to a systemic infection, which means", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00116-00031489-00031760": "that everywhere in our body we will find", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00117-00031760-00032053": "the measles virus", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00118-00032053-00032509": "allowing it to infect and affect a los of tissues, mainly the lungs", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00119-00032509-00032737": "but other tissues as well", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00120-00032737-00032962": "this is why complications", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00121-00032962-00033246": "consisted in two severe in our airway", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00122-00033246-00033373": "i.e. CROUP and pneumonia", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00123-00033407-00033755": "but also encephalitis among others", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00124-00033804-00034084": "Now since measles has such a high affinity with the", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00125-00034084-00034349": "immune system it will lead to", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00126-00034349-00034546": "immunosuppression", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00127-00034546-00034854": "so a patient infected with measles will", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00128-00034854-00035160": "have also a high risk of getting other infections", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00129-00035160-00035400": "similar to a patient infected with HIV", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00130-00035400-00035653": "or another issue like", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00131-00035653-00035972": "a transplant recipient or the use of steroids", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00132-00035972-00036278": "so frequently we", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00133-00036278-00036572": "find patients with pneumonia after their measles infection", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00134-00036572-00036863": "and will all of the complications from pneumonia", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00135-00036863-00037128": "that we know is a severe infection", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00136-00037128-00037405": "we previously reviewed other causes of pneumonia but I will leave the link on the top right corner", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00137-00037405-00037562": "so you can check it out", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00138-00037562-00037857": "all the other infections associated with pneumonia and", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00139-00037857-00038067": "the prevention strategies we must follow", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00140-00038067-00038363": "to avoid complications and death", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00141-00038363-00038609": "in those patients", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00142-00038609-00038922": "but anyway this is the machanism of infection, spread", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00143-00038922-00039099": "the systemic infection", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00144-00039099-00039330": "and finally the immunosuppression", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00145-00039415-00039641": "Now when I'm exposed to measles", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00146-00039641-00039781": "the 1st day", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00147-00039782-00040032": "will be called\"day 0\"", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00148-00040032-00040172": "with replication starting on this day", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00149-00040179-00040348": "since the measles virus is so good eluding", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00150-00040348-00040521": "my immune system", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00151-00040521-00040807": "and since it can travel to any other tissue in my body", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00152-00040807-00040988": "from day 8", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00153-00040988-00041244": "I start being contagious", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00154-00041244-00041488": "meaning that it is now found in my saliva, mucousae", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00155-00041488-00041799": "if I cough or if I touch my face", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00156-00041799-00041994": "it stays in my hands", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00157-00041994-00042184": "and when I shake hands", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00158-00042184-00042447": "I transmit the virus to the other person", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00159-00042447-00042677": "and if that other person doesn't have immunity", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00160-00042677-00042957": "it will start with the exact same process", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00161-00043033-00043274": "Important to notice than on day 8 the patient is still", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00162-00043274-00043536": "asymptomatic and doesn't have any showing", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00163-00043536-00043835": "it's apparently completely healthy", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00164-00043835-00044081": "that person doesn't know he has the infection", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00165-00044081-00044301": "beyond the contact with a possible case", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00166-00044301-00044585": "unless of course the other person didn't know either he/she", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00167-00044585-00044930": "was infected and finds out much later", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00168-00044943-00045222": "Around 10 days after the first contact", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00169-00045222-00045505": "with the one that gave me the virus", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00170-00045505-00045709": "I develop a fever", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00171-00045709-00045997": "this is usually a high fever", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00172-00045997-00046308": "around 40ºC (140ºF) although lower fever is possible", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00173-00046308-00046633": "especially in people with lower immune responses", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00174-00046633-00046878": "HIV patients", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00175-00046878-00047162": "small infants", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00176-00047162-00047464": "under a year", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00177-00047464-00047690": "a patient on steroids", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00178-00047690-00048197": "or autoimmune diseases with high efficacy therapies", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00179-00048208-00048498": "they may even don't develop fever", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00180-00048498-00048790": "but in a normal patient fever appears around the 10th day", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00181-00048790-00049173": "once the fever begins it comes with", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00182-00049173-00049468": "body ache, lack of apetite", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00183-00049468-00049669": "conjunctivitis or red eyes", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00184-00049669-00049940": "tearing", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00185-00049940-00050040": "and a bit of cough", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00186-00050088-00050353": "so we find very unspecific signs", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00187-00050353-00050668": "it can be confused with the flu, influenza", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00188-00050668-00051011": "but without us realizing it is a measles infection", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00189-00051022-00051175": "again", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00190-00051175-00051538": "all throughout these days the patient remains highly contagious", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00191-00051538-00051858": "to anyone around without immunity", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00192-00051858-00052124": "or people who had immunity but", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00193-00052124-00052347": "lost it, now around", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00194-00052347-00052536": "4 days after", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00195-00052536-00052811": "the clinical signs and symptoms start to show", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00196-00052811-00053043": "the classical", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00197-00053043-00053330": "rash of measles appear", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00198-00053330-00053614": "we found maculae (red spots)", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00199-00053614-00053959": "and papulae (pimples)", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00200-00053959-00054255": "so not just the flat spot but", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00201-00054255-00054501": "a pimple that comes out of the skin", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00202-00054588-00054792": "this pimples aka exanthema", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00203-00054792-00055057": "will have a cephalo-caudal distribution", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00204-00055057-00055355": "so it begins in the head", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00205-00055355-00055659": "and then it goes to the rest of our bodies", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00206-00055659-00055963": "we usually find the first lesions in the hair line or the forehead", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00207-00055963-00056213": "and then this papulae", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00208-00056213-00056494": "extend to hands", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00209-00056494-00056786": "feet and anything between", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00210-00056786-00057071": "usually a child", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00211-00057071-00057360": "now from the shoulders up, towards the head", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00212-00057360-00057619": "we will have much more lesions and", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00213-00057619-00057897": "they will be confluent", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00214-00057897-00058205": "so a couple of them merge creating a larger one", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00215-00058274-00058520": "besides this papulae on the skin", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00216-00058520-00058799": "we also have it on", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00217-00058799-00059070": "the oral mucosa", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00218-00059070-00059250": "around the second molars", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00219-00059250-00059541": "these are called Koplik's spots", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00220-00059541-00059827": "they look like sand dust", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00221-00059827-00060127": "with a red border", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00222-00060127-00060340": "showing peripheral inflammation", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00223-00060342-00060587": "and in the center these white spots", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00224-00060587-00060885": "like sand inside the mouth", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00225-00060885-00061189": "they usually appear one or two days before", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00226-00061189-00061475": "the exantema, the skin lesions", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00228-00061548-00061793": "so we will see them between days", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00229-00061793-00062212": "12 or 13 after exposition to the virus", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00230-00062278-00062566": "An finally on the 21st day", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00231-00062566-00062778": "all the signs and symptoms disappear", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00232-00062778-00062933": "the papulaes", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00233-00062933-00063220": "Koplik's spots have already disappeared", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00234-00063220-00063453": "fever, every previous manifestation", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00235-00063453-00063778": "and finally cough is the last symptom to disappear", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00236-00063801-00064090": "from the day I begin with", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00237-00064090-00064317": "the spots, the papulae", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00238-00064321-00064595": "I have already been contagious", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00239-00064595-00064899": "for a couple of days, and from the moment", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00240-00064899-00065189": "the spots disappear around the 19th day", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00241-00065189-00065400": "I will still be contagious", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00242-00065400-00065594": "for a couple of days", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00244-00065759-00066057": "infecting anyone without immunity", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00245-00066057-00066157": "to measles", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00246-00066193-00066437": "So which patients are at risk", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00247-00066437-00066731": "first we need that person to have contact with", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00248-00066731-00066989": "someone else with measles", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00249-00066989-00067242": "because humans are the only reservoir for the virus", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00250-00067244-00067455": "it doesn't live in animals", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00251-00067455-00067723": "it doesn't live freely in the environment or in the air", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00252-00067723-00067947": "I need the contact with an infected person", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00253-00067947-00068102": "to be infected", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00254-00068142-00068426": "besides contact with an infected patient", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00255-00068426-00068649": "someone in risk is", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00256-00068649-00069156": "someone without the 2 doses of the measles vaccine", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00257-00069230-00069494": "or maybe someone with", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00258-00069494-00069755": "the 2 doses of the measeles vaccine but", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00259-00069755-00070062": "with a severe immunodeficiency", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00260-00070062-00070338": "like patients with HIV", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00261-00070338-00070476": "cancer", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00262-00070476-00070677": "steroids, malnutrition", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00263-00070677-00070882": "or severe vitamin A dficiency", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00264-00070920-00071090": "we can also find pregnant women here", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00265-00071090-00071383": "because their immune system is slightly down but", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00266-00071383-00071638": "also because measles during pregnancy can lead to", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00267-00071652-00071928": "severe complications and malformations", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00268-00071928-00072079": "even miscarriage", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00269-00072117-00072229": "here", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00270-00072229-00072530": "we can also find patients younger than 5 years old", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00271-00072530-00072770": "because a high risk of complications", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00272-00072770-00073049": "and patients older than 20 years old", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00273-00073049-00073341": "a little like chickenpox", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00274-00073341-00073611": "where an infection as an adult", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00275-00073611-00073844": "have a higher risk", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00276-00073844-00074161": "of complications and severe infection", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00277-00074161-00074546": "and taking into account the comorbidities the patient already has", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00278-00074872-00075149": "So how can I diagnose", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00279-00075149-00075387": "a patient with measles", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00280-00075387-00075605": "first I must understand exanthematic diseases", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00281-00075605-00075830": "because all of these cause", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00282-00075830-00076126": "these lesions, maculae", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00283-00076126-00076398": "or papulae on the skin, so", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00284-00076398-00076661": "if I find a child filled with these", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00285-00076661-00076958": "red spots I can't tell these diseases appart", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00286-00076958-00077258": "so current guidelines", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00287-00077258-00077543": "like the one I have here tells us how can I", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00288-00077543-00077873": "find the differences between these exanthems", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00289-00077873-00078189": "specially in children", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00290-00078189-00078496": "so the first difference", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00291-00078496-00078780": "for example between chickenpox, acne", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00292-00078780-00079035": "hives and measles", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00293-00079035-00079269": "is first the type of lesion", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00294-00079269-00079514": "papulae, little pimples like a volcano over the skin", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00295-00079514-00079862": "but without anything inside, completely empty", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00296-00079869-00080145": "are more frequent in", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00297-00080145-00080424": "so macualae (spots)", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00298-00080424-00080599": "and papulae (pimples)", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00299-00080599-00080886": "are more frequent in measles, rubella", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00300-00080886-00081214": "and sudden rash", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00301-00081214-00081431": "so we can start to figure out what does my patient has", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00302-00081474-00081757": "if the child only has papulae", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00303-00081757-00081999": "then its probably hives", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00304-00081999-00082319": "very frequent in allergies and skin reactions", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00305-00082326-00082631": "and if I find vesicles, so the pimple", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00306-00082631-00082773": "but its filled with liquid", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00307-00082773-00082973": "I have to check the color of the liquid", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00308-00082973-00083128": "if its a transparent liquid", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00309-00083128-00083438": "I have a vesiculobullous rash", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00310-00083438-00083639": "frequent in all of these diseases", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00311-00083639-00083970": "like chickenpox or herpes", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00312-00083970-00084282": "and if the liquid has a color it might be acne", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00313-00084282-00084535": "or psoriasis", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00314-00084535-00084799": "bellow in the algorithm we have other conditions of the skin", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00315-00084799-00085008": "I am not showing the complete algorithm", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00316-00085008-00085321": "but you can check this guideline or local guidelines", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00317-00085321-00085690": "about differential diagnosis of infectious exanthems in childhood", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00318-00085690-00085998": "to study the rest of these diseases", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00319-00086088-00086358": "Now checking the spots and the papulae", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00320-00086358-00086658": "is very good, but just as a", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00321-00086658-00086931": "strategy in countries with a high prevalence", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00322-00086931-00087253": "because clinical evaluation has a high sensitivity", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00323-00087253-00087418": "so I can find all of the cases", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00324-00087418-00087674": "with measles", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00325-00087674-00087925": "but it has a low specificity", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00326-00087925-00088175": "so in a country with a high frequency of the other diseases", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00327-00088175-00088474": "like chickenpox, herpes, acne", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00328-00088478-00088777": "and few cases of measles, when I do the clinical", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00329-00088777-00089093": "evaluation and analyze spots, and papulae and pimples", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00330-00089095-00089402": "it may lead to confusion between a patient with chickenpox", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00331-00089402-00089705": "or a patient with herpes", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00332-00089705-00089891": "so we also need", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00333-00089891-00090154": "confirmatory tests", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00334-00090154-00090434": "track contacts our patient might have had", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00335-00090434-00090732": "and show contact with someone infected with measles", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00336-00090743-00091157": "measurement of IgM which are antibodies against measles", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00337-00091157-00091368": "that in a patient infected with measles", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00338-00091368-00091670": "around the 4th or 5th day of the disease", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00339-00091670-00091922": "become positive, making me certain", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00340-00091922-00092223": "that the patient has measles and not chickenpox", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00341-00092223-00092388": "or another infection", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00342-00092436-00092689": "and of course PCR test and viral culture", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00343-00092689-00092874": "the most specific tests", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00344-00092874-00093171": "but unfortunately we don't have them in a lot of hospitals", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00345-00093171-00093450": "but when we have the option is the ideal study", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00346-00093450-00093750": "to confirm a measles infection", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00347-00093750-00094054": "especially with a disease that has such a high", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00348-00094054-00094195": "epidemiologic impact", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00349-00094365-00094479": "So then", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00350-00094479-00094750": "what happens when a patient already has the infection", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00351-00094750-00095013": "complications related to measles might appear", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00352-00095013-00095275": "the main complication is pneumonia", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00353-00095277-00095494": "this is usually the", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00354-00095494-00095783": "cause of death associated to measles", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00355-00095783-00096067": "a topic we have previously covered", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00356-00096067-00096270": "in the \"What is pneumonia?\" video", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00357-00096270-00096557": "patients may also develop a \"super\" infection", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00358-00096557-00096740": "due to the immune suppression, here we find CROUP", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00359-00096740-00097039": "an acute obstruction of the airway", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00360-00097039-00097316": "our patient may also develop blindness secondary to", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00361-00097316-00097474": "an infection of the cornea called queratitis", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00362-00097474-00097777": "this causes inflammation and white spots to appear", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00363-00097777-00097994": "which obstruct", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00364-00097994-00098307": "sight on patients with these lesions", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00365-00098307-00098609": "and also encephalitis", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00366-00098609-00098905": "all of these are frequent complications", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00367-00098905-00099181": "particularly pneumonia in patients with", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00368-00099181-00099281": "measles", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00369-00099314-00099540": "Now lets review treatment options", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00370-00099540-00099833": "to prevent these complications", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00371-00099833-00100108": "the problem is there are no specific antiviral drugs", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00372-00100108-00100431": "to treat measles, similar to a lot of viral infections", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00373-00100431-00100690": "so we can only offer support treatment", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00374-00100690-00100814": "of course manage fever", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00375-00100814-00101098": "very important because fever alone may lead to", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00376-00101098-00101273": "other important complications", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00377-00101330-00101585": "but we have seen in other videos how to manage fever", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00378-00101585-00101912": "we have several drugs except aspirin, we must never give aspirin to patients younger", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00379-00101912-00102153": "than 12 years old but with another NSAID", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00380-00102153-00102451": "again we already reviewed which drug, the dose", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00381-00102451-00102656": "on the video of", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00382-00102656-00102879": "NSAID pharmacology, I leave the link on the", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00383-00102879-00103108": "upper right corner, again we can't", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00384-00103108-00103365": "give aspirin, always use an other", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00385-00103365-00103543": "drug to manage fever", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00386-00103584-00103858": "Another suggested therapy is vitamin A supplementation", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00387-00103858-00104146": "especially in children who need to be hospitalized", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00388-00104146-00104443": "so with severe infections, because vitamin A", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00389-00104443-00104699": "can lead to a milder infection", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00390-00104699-00104990": "and decrease by almost 50%", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00391-00104990-00105171": "the morbidity and mortality", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00392-00105171-00105444": "rate of the disease", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00393-00105513-00105748": "How do we give the vitamin A, in patients younger than", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00394-00105748-00106022": "6 months old we give 50 thousand units a day", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00395-00106022-00106209": "2 doses", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00396-00106209-00106518": "from 6 to 11 months we give 100 thousand units", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00397-00106518-00106800": "a day, also 2 doses", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00398-00106800-00107090": "so 2 100 thousand doses", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00399-00107090-00107341": "after 12 months, so from 1 year onward", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00400-00107341-00107660": "200 thousand units a day, 2 doses", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00401-00107684-00107867": "and finally", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00402-00107867-00108104": "patients with a vitamin A deficiency", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00403-00108104-00108237": "we can give a 3rd dose", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00404-00108237-00108566": "depending on the age of the patient", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00405-00108672-00108990": "We also need to isolate the patient", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00407-00109101-00109369": "And to track every person with whom our patient", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00408-00109369-00109672": "had contact to ensure they are properly", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00409-00109672-00110015": "vaccinated and with immunity to measles", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00410-00110015-00110239": "lets remember that 4 days prior and", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00411-00110239-00110461": "4 days after the rash starts", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00412-00110462-00110746": "that patient is contagious", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00413-00110746-00110857": "so it", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00414-00110857-00111118": "will be essential to track contacts so we can", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00415-00111118-00111371": "stop it from spreading since measles", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00416-00111371-00111589": "is one of the most contagious diseases", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00417-00111589-00111764": "on the planet", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00418-00111893-00112201": "What else can I do? of course", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00419-00112201-00112445": "to prevent a measles infection I can", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00420-00112445-00112728": "get my vaccines, 2 doses", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00421-00112728-00113010": "are needed for protection, the first one from", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00422-00113010-00113308": "12 to 16 months old", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00423-00113308-00113545": "and the second one from 4 to 6 years old", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00424-00113545-00113847": "I need to have both doses, with just 1", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00425-00113847-00114059": "many people don't have immunity", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00426-00114059-00114401": "with the risk of contagion and a severe disease", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00427-00114492-00114770": "Besides this vaccination strategy I can", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00428-00114770-00115032": "get \"herd immunity\"", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00429-00115032-00115302": "when at least 90% of", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00430-00115302-00115502": "vaccinated patients in the community", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00431-00115502-00115736": "not just in the country", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00432-00115736-00115981": "because of course if I have 90% in the country", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00433-00115981-00116242": "but really I have 97% in Mexico city but", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00434-00116242-00116451": "in another city or town I have", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00435-00116451-00116705": "80% vaccination coverage", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00436-00116705-00116990": "the place with the lower coverage has a higher", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00437-00116990-00117302": "risk of new cases", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00438-00117302-00117594": "leaving both communities in risk", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00439-00117594-00117858": "so we need to reach", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00440-00117858-00118170": "at least a 90% vaccine coverage everywhere", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00441-00118170-00118421": "however we can't ever reach 100% because", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00442-00118421-00118674": "since the MMR vaccine", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00443-00118674-00118937": "an attenuated virus vaccine, i.e the virus is complete", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00444-00118937-00119185": "but a bit degraded, I can't", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00445-00119185-00119487": "put the vaccine in patients with a low immune system", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00446-00119487-00119727": "patients with HIV, cancer,", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00447-00119728-00120051": "pregnant patients, they might not be able to receive the", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00448-00120052-00120344": "vaccine, so when healthy people", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00449-00120344-00120520": "get the vaccine and we", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00450-00120520-00120707": "fully vaccinate our children", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00451-00120743-00120961": "we are not just protecting us and", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00452-00120961-00121236": "our children, but every patient", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00453-00121236-00121576": "with cancer, leukemia, transplant recipients", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00454-00121576-00121822": "who take steroids or with HIV", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00455-00121822-00121983": "that can't receive the vaccine", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00456-00122000-00122257": "thanks to the herd immunity", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00457-00122429-00122633": "Besides getting vaccinated we can have a", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00458-00122633-00122926": "post-exposition profilaxis, so previous", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00459-00122926-00123170": "to my exposition to measles I receive my vaccine", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00460-00123170-00123426": "but if I hadn't receive it and I", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00461-00123426-00123585": "have contact because for example my child got sick", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00462-00123585-00123795": "because he or she was too small to get the vaccine or", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00463-00123795-00124080": "whatever reason", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00464-00124080-00124381": "I can get this post-exposition prophylaxis", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00465-00124381-00124675": "so after being exposed to the virus I", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00466-00124675-00124905": "get the vaccine", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00467-00124905-00125151": "in the first 72 hours", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00468-00125151-00125446": "this will offer some protection and even", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00469-00125446-00125668": "if I get the disease it will be milder", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00470-00125700-00125982": "and on the other hand I can give an immunoglobulin", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00471-00125982-00126243": "so directly administer antibodies, in patients lighter than", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00472-00126243-00126502": "30 kg, so usually children", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00473-00126508-00126792": "0.5 ml/kg and heavier than", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00474-00126792-00127115": "30 kg 400 mg/kg", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00475-00127152-00127437": "these interventions", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00476-00127468-00127742": "decrease importantly the risk", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00477-00127742-00128012": "of complications and death", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00478-00128012-00128290": "due to a measles infection", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00479-00128411-00128602": "But does the vaccine work?", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00480-00128645-00128909": "Well as we can see in this article", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00481-00128909-00129202": "from Dr Strebel here are measles cases", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00482-00129202-00129303": "in the United States", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00483-00129303-00129597": "because they have a robust epidemiologic vigilance", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00484-00129617-00129863": "and as we can see when the vaccination program", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00485-00129863-00130142": "started around 1964", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00486-00130142-00130441": "there is an extreme decrease", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00487-00130441-00130745": "in measles cases", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00488-00130745-00131054": "from half a million annualy", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00490-00131156-00131447": "to less than a thousand cases", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00491-00131447-00131692": "with small outbreaks like this one in 1990", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00492-00131692-00131992": "but a consistent number of less than a thousand", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00493-00131992-00132212": "Of course a bit later", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00494-00132212-00132480": "the famous fraudulent paper about the vaccine", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00495-00132480-00132787": "was published and this gives birth to the", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00496-00132787-00132986": "anti vaxxer movement", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00497-00132986-00133236": "making up adverse events the vaccine", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00498-00133236-00133536": "doesn't really have", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00499-00133536-00133801": "vaccination rates drop and", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00500-00133801-00134086": "soon after measles cases start going up", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00501-00134086-00134402": "in the United States, a curve like this can be found", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00502-00134402-00134709": "in all of the countries with anti vaxxer movements", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00503-00134709-00134975": "for example in Mexico", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00504-00134975-00135279": "we fortunately don't have such a strong anti vaxxer movement", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00505-00135279-00135544": "however due to a lack", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00506-00135544-00135806": "of budget in the vaccine program and shortages", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00507-00135806-00136112": "lead to a decrease in", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00508-00136112-00136374": "the vaccination rate from 2010", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00509-00136374-00136474": "to today", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00510-00136550-00136837": "And with the declining vaccination rate", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00511-00136837-00137145": "when we were under 90%", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00512-00137145-00137379": "outbreaks started appearing", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00513-00137379-00137667": "in Mexico city and a few other places", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00514-00137667-00137972": "any country where vaccination rate decreases", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00515-00137972-00138233": "will naturally have measles outbreaks", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00516-00138233-00138407": "and along with the infections", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00517-00138407-00138714": "all of the complications we previously", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00518-00138714-00138967": "mentioned and death associated with measles", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00519-00138967-00139151": "that's why vaccination is so important", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00520-00139224-00139500": "And the advantage will not only be a decrease in", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00521-00139500-00139737": "number of cases, we can also see it in", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00522-00139760-00140056": "the comparison between patients with the measles infection", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00523-00140056-00140346": "and vaccinated patients we can see a very", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00524-00140346-00140603": "different picture, the ones with measles and", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00525-00140603-00140851": "otitis media, and ear infection", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00526-00140851-00141145": "that may lead to a loss of hearing", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00527-00141164-00141461": "so in people with measles 7 out of 100", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00528-00141461-00141722": "will have this complication", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00529-00141722-00141981": "while in the vaccinated population", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00530-00141981-00142278": "0 patients will have this complication", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00531-00142278-00142588": "Diarrhea 8 out of 100", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00532-00142588-00142816": "vs 0, pneumonia", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00533-00142816-00143156": "1 to 6 out of 100 vs 0", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00534-00143187-00143473": "the subacute sclerosing panencephalitis, a", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00535-00143473-00143790": "very severe disease of the central nervous system", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00536-00143790-00144106": "4 to 11 out of 100 000 vs 0", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00537-00144117-00144404": "a nos specific encephalitis 0.5 to 1 out of 1000", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00538-00144404-00144619": "vs", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00539-00144620-00144936": "<1 out of 1 000 000 of the vaccinated patients", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00540-00144936-00145148": "death", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00541-00145148-00145375": "1 out of 1000, and in countries", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00542-00145375-00145683": "with a poor healthcare system", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00543-00145705-00145987": "like a lot of places in Mexico and Latin america", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00544-00146008-00146237": "1 to 15 out of 100", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00545-00146237-00146539": "so from 1 to 15% of patients", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00546-00146539-00146868": "with measles will die because of it", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00547-00146868-00147169": "vs 0; now we will also have some", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00548-00147169-00147469": "known complications", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00549-00147469-00147733": "of the measles vaccine like anaphylaxis an allergic", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00550-00147733-00147998": "reaction to the vaccine, thats why its given in the", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00551-00147998-00148208": "hospital, to revert this", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00552-00148208-00148490": "from 2 to 14 out of 1 000 000 patients who receive the vaccine", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00553-00148490-00148680": "a decrease in platelets", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00554-00148680-00149018": "1 in every 30 000", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00555-00149018-00149274": "and a patients who develops a fever", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00556-00149274-00149580": "and have fever induced convulsions 1 out of 3000", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00557-00149580-00149890": "but of course if we properly manage the fever", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00558-00149890-00150134": "this adverse event can be", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00559-00150134-00150324": "avoided", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00560-00150569-00150851": "So thank you for watching up to this point", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00561-00150851-00151148": "I want to repeat the importance of vaccination", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00562-00151148-00151315": "they lead to a", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00563-00151315-00151523": "huge difference", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00564-00151523-00151787": "detecting all the measles cases", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00565-00151787-00152080": "and giving them the proper treatment and of course", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00566-00152080-00152381": "educating everyone about this disease, I would like", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00567-00152381-00152590": "to specially thank Patreon members that", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00568-00152590-00152823": "every month supports our content", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00570-00152963-00153256": "and educating the world through", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00571-00153256-00153381": "these videos", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00572-00153381-00153681": "and other projects not in YouTube", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00573-00153681-00153995": "On this video I would like to thank Lain Falco", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00574-00153995-00154299": "Camila Cerda, María Eugenia and Armando Acuña", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00575-00154299-00154601": "that every month from their salaries", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00576-00154601-00154875": "they give a small part", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00577-00154875-00155141": "1 dollar, 5 dollars, 10 dollars to", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00578-00155141-00155322": "support this channel", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00579-00155322-00155597": "and help us grow and have more content", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00580-00155597-00155919": "so thank you very much to all of you", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00581-00155919-00156217": "you make this channel possible", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00582-00156266-00156461": "Of course I also leave the references for this", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00583-00156461-00156723": "video", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00584-00156723-00156860": "I suggest you check them out", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00585-00156860-00157157": "to know more about measles", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00586-00157157-00157448": "so this is it for todays video, hope you liked it and", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00587-00157448-00157693": "understood everything, leave any doubts in the comment section", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00588-00157730-00158041": "I will try to answer them, don't forget to subscribe", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00589-00158041-00158350": "and click the bell so you hear from us in every video", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00590-00158350-00158674": "we upload with relevant information", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00591-00158674-00159016": "for your health and your beloved ones", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00592-00159069-00159362": "so that's it, as always help us change the world", "ahA9Hp_MWlM-00593-00159362-00159550": "share the information"}}, {"audio_id": "ahH19GiKPck", "text": {"ahH19GiKPck-00000-00000000-00000600": "My snake have had  shedding failure.", "ahH19GiKPck-00001-00000600-00001601": "Currently, the environment for keeping snakes has been improved.", "ahH19GiKPck-00002-00001601-00002602": "Please see the URL of the successful shedding video in the description column."}}, {"audio_id": "ahRb61mHKWQ", "text": {"ahRb61mHKWQ-00000-00000937-00001523": "I’m glad this film is being made. I think films like this are important. I think that", "ahRb61mHKWQ-00001-00001523-00002080": "they’re important because if you’re gonna have a disabled community then you need a", "ahRb61mHKWQ-00002-00002080-00002688": "disabled person’s history or a disabled people’s history and these kinds of things", "ahRb61mHKWQ-00003-00002688-00003962": "are very important to track and to memorialize one of the most important persons lives for", "ahRb61mHKWQ-00004-00003962-00004744": "the disability movement. And if we don’t archive these things, you know, if we don’t", "ahRb61mHKWQ-00005-00004744-00005435": "attend to them, if we don’t have people taking this stuff seriously from either an", "ahRb61mHKWQ-00006-00005435-00006003": "artistic point of view or historical point of view it will be lost. And you know those", "ahRb61mHKWQ-00007-00006003-00006650": "of us who knew Ed or those of us who knew other people in the movement are our recollections", "ahRb61mHKWQ-00008-00006650-00007336": "will be lost because we’ll move on and so I think it’s really important that you’re", "ahRb61mHKWQ-00009-00007336-00008100": "doing this film. I wish you luck and I hope that it’s widely distributed. And I hope", "ahRb61mHKWQ-00010-00008100-00008368": "that funders support."}}, {"audio_id": "ahWR6GDbqtA", "text": {"ahWR6GDbqtA-00000-00000048-00000288": "When we say goodbye We can't know", "ahWR6GDbqtA-00001-00000288-00000584": "if this is the last time we will ever see", "ahWR6GDbqtA-00002-00000584-00000872": "You should NEVER greet someone casually", "ahWR6GDbqtA-00003-00000872-00001112": "or say goodbye to someone casually", "ahWR6GDbqtA-00004-00001112-00001256": "Every time you leave your house could be", "ahWR6GDbqtA-00005-00001256-00001520": "the last time You're supposed to like", "ahWR6GDbqtA-00006-00001520-00001800": "be in the RICHNESS of your HELLO's", "ahWR6GDbqtA-00007-00001800-00002039": "and GOODBYE's and THANKS YOU'S"}}, {"audio_id": "ahYlxkQPv4Q", "text": {"ahYlxkQPv4Q-00000-00000013-00000300": "Nancy Cox: Okay, here’s where I try to convince you", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00001-00000300-00000957": "guys that we don’t have to worry about really rare Mendelian diseases, because they are", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00002-00000957-00001361": "10,000 times more common than you think.", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00003-00001361-00003404": "So, what we’ve been doing is to use GTEx as a way of integrating information from the", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00004-00003404-00004079": "transcriptome to use in understanding the relationship between gene and phenotype.", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00005-00004079-00004680": "So if you think about just measure gene expression, some component of measure gene expression", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00006-00004680-00005876": "-- sorry, is -- I’m just looking -- is there a pointer?", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00007-00005876-00006404": "It’s completely genetically determined.", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00008-00006404-00007070": "So clearly other factors affect gene expression, but there’s a component of gene expression", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00009-00007070-00007522": "that is completely genetically determined, and using GTEx as a reference panel, where", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00010-00007522-00008332": "we have genes measured for transcriptome and also the genome variation measured in GTEx", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00011-00008332-00009052": "subjects, we can create snip based predictors of gene expression for each gene and each", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00012-00009052-00009281": "measure GTEx tissue.", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00013-00009281-00010142": "And while overall gene expression depends on both short-term environment, like what", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00014-00010142-00010885": "you ate for breakfast; and longer-term environment, like whether you exercise regularly and smoke.", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00015-00010885-00011293": "And of course, over a lifetime those things combine and you develop diseases, and that", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00016-00011293-00011636": "feeds back on what we measure as gene expression.", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00017-00011636-00012315": "So there’s a trait altered component that makes the direct comparison of measure gene", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00018-00012315-00013061": "expression to disease -- makes it very difficult to infer causality there.", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00019-00013061-00013535": "But if we focused on just the genetically determined part, we essentially have a one-way", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00020-00013535-00013947": "arrow to our trait, and that’s a gene-based test.", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00021-00013947-00014636": "So we basically impute transcript levels for each gene and each tissue, and test the association", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00022-00014636-00015397": "of that endophenotype with disease, and that’s a gene-based test that we have -- that we", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00023-00015397-00015887": "can do across many genes with high fidelity.", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00024-00015887-00016678": "So today, with the resource that GTEx is, we can assay more than 18,000 genes and show", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00025-00016678-00017245": "that without a sample prediction, there’s a correlation between the genetically predicted", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00026-00017245-00017955": "and the directly measured transcript levels of at least 0.2 in at least one tissue.", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00027-00017955-00018558": "So for many genes, they’re expressed in multiple tissues and you tend to get the best", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00028-00018558-00019027": "read out, the best quality predictor in the tissues where you have the largest number", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00029-00019027-00019371": "of individuals measured for building your predictors.", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00030-00019371-00019769": "But of course some genes are expressed in a single tissue unless -- and unless you’ve", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00031-00019769-00020208": "got a quality predictor built in that tissue, we can’t really assay that gene.", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00032-00020208-00021342": "But today we can assay more than 18,000 genes with good predictive ability and we’re applying", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00033-00021342-00021833": "this broadly in BioView.", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00034-00021833-00022433": "So you guys are all familiar with the fact that Vanderbilt developed their electronic", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00035-00022433-00023164": "health records in the 1990s; there’s this -- the synthetic derivative is the D identified", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00036-00023164-00023837": "and continuously updated -- the updated image of the EMR in about 2.5 million subjects now.", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00037-00023837-00024437": "BioView is the bio bank associated with that, and we have about 215,000 subjects with DNA.", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00038-00024437-00024979": "Today there’s dense GWAS-level genotyping at about 20,000 and exome chip data in about", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00039-00024979-00025079": "36,000.", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00040-00025079-00025712": "But this time next year, we’ll have 3 million subjects in the synthetic derivative, 225,000", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00041-00025712-00026432": "subjects with DNA, more than 120,000 subjects with dense genotyping, and thousands with", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00042-00026432-00027100": "whole genome or exome sequencing, maybe tens of thousands, there’s a lot of applications", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00043-00027100-00027354": "in progress.", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00044-00027354-00027732": "And so what we’re doing is really what you might call -- so if you’ve ever heard Josh", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00045-00027732-00028197": "Denny talk about phenome wide association studies, that’s what we’re doing, only", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00046-00028197-00028970": "at the gene level and trying to create this comprehensive gene by medical phenome catalog.", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00047-00028970-00029549": "And it really is a giant knock down experiment where we are basically looking at the medical", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00048-00029549-00030158": "phenome associated with the knock down of each gene in each tissue and simultaneously", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00049-00030158-00030730": "an up regulation experiment where we’re looking at the increased genetically predicted", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00050-00030730-00031207": "expression of each gene in each tissue and reading out the consequences across the medical", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00051-00031207-00031408": "phenome.", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00052-00031408-00031610": "But it’s natural variation that we’re using.", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00053-00031610-00032204": "So rather than manipulating the human organism, we’re using natural variation that just", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00054-00032204-00032933": "leads us to express these bell shaped curves of not just measure gene expression, but genetically", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00055-00032933-00033245": "predicted gene expression also.", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00056-00033245-00034009": "And this is really -- it’s a really fun playground [laughs] and it makes BioView a", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00057-00034009-00034301": "really great insilicode [spelled phonetically] discovery engine.", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00058-00034301-00034653": "So the -- and it really works.", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00059-00034653-00035306": "If you measure -- if you count up the number of genes that each person has where there", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00060-00035306-00035931": "are at least three standard deviations from the mean, in either direction -- that metric", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00061-00035931-00036423": "is actually -- so Howard asked before, “What’s a healthy genome?”", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00062-00036423-00036991": "Well, part of a healthy genome is not being in the tails of any of these predicted expression", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00063-00036991-00037091": "distributions.", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00064-00037091-00037313": "It’s a bad thing to be in the tails.", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00065-00037313-00037882": "In fact the only distribution that you want to be in, in the tail, is this one.", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00066-00037882-00038480": "Because it turns out that the number of genes where you’re in the tails, is significantly", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00067-00038480-00038915": "correlated with the number of TheWAS [spelled phonetically] codes that you accumulate across", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00068-00038915-00039068": "a lifetime.", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00069-00039068-00039816": "So, the more genes you have in the tails of distributions, the more different phenome", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00070-00039816-00040195": "codes you’re going to accumulate across your lifetime.", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00071-00040195-00040780": "And you never want to be in the tails of these distributions.", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00072-00040780-00041449": "Bad things happen at both ends, and you probably think you do for, say intelligence, and you", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00073-00041449-00041971": "could get lucky there and your kids could have regression to the mean, but really, do", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00074-00041971-00042462": "you want your kids to be as much smarter than you as they think they are?", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00075-00042462-00042562": "I mean --", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00076-00042562-00042662": "[laughter]", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00077-00042662-00043262": "-- you pay for every tail that you’re in, so one way or another you pay for every tail.", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00078-00043262-00043879": "So the -- this works also, we can show with Chris Burkaso [spelled phonetically] in just", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00079-00043879-00044440": "the first few thousand patients that we looked at, there was a gene that we saw that was", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00080-00044440-00045025": "associated, the reduced predicted expression a GRIK5 was associated with many different", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00081-00045025-00045854": "eye phenotypes, in less time than it took us to do the analysis in the next 15,000 subjects.", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00082-00045854-00046654": "They had it knocked out in zebrafish, where you could see little cyclops zebrafish and", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00083-00046654-00047186": "most of the zebrafish just had smaller and sometimes miss-shaped eyes.", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00084-00047186-00047816": "And if you then took antibodies to the protein bodies of GRIK5, you could see that the protein", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00085-00047816-00048367": "is indeed highly expressed in the parts of the eye that generate all of these eye phenotypes.", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00086-00048367-00048716": "It’s highly expressed in the lens, perhaps why you have the cataract.", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00087-00048716-00049189": "It’s highly expressed in areas that could lead to retinal detachment; it’s highly", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00088-00049189-00049665": "expressed in cells that form a sheath around the optic nerve.", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00089-00049665-00050304": "So it’s -- the biology makes sense as you take it out into model systems.", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00090-00050304-00050968": "But what I want to talk about today is the fact that this is giving us real, new insight", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00091-00050968-00051441": "into the continuum from Mendelian to common disease.", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00092-00051441-00051997": "And people have already been talking about this, so in the undiagnosed diseases network", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00093-00051997-00052652": "and the Mendelian sequencing centers, they have already seen, for example, Eric Boerwinkle", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00094-00052652-00053442": "and Jim Lubsky [spelled phonetically] talk about the fact that the -- some familial neuropathies,", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00095-00053442-00054089": "they solve, but some just have an accumulation of rare variance in multiple of the genes", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00096-00054089-00054369": "that have already been implicated in familial neuropathy.", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00097-00054369-00055101": "What I want to focus on here is more the continuum from loss of function mutations, to deleterious", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00098-00055101-00055841": "alleles, to just reduced expression, reduced genetically-predicted expression of genes.", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00099-00055841-00056387": "And what we see across BioView is that the reduced predicted expression of Mendelian", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00100-00056387-00056965": "disease genes, is associated with all of the phenotypes, the sub-phenotypes -- the phenome", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00101-00056965-00057391": "packet as it were, that make up that Mendelian disease.", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00102-00057391-00058225": "So here’s a transcription factor, mutations associated with NFX1 are associated actually", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00103-00058225-00058547": "with two different autosomal dominant diseases.", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00104-00058547-00058964": "Phenotypes associated with Marshall Smith syndrome, include accelerated bone formation", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00105-00058964-00059461": "in hands and feet and fracture, diminished muscle tone, breathing difficulties; so the", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00106-00059461-00059639": "larynx and trachea can be floppy.", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00107-00059639-00060408": "It makes getting the fluids appropriately through the system harder.", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00108-00060408-00061124": "There are classic facial features: blue sclera, mental and motor delays, so sometimes speech", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00109-00061124-00061532": "is absent or abnormal, intellectual disability and impairment.", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00110-00061532-00062122": "Sotos syndrome too is also associated with mutations here, so again you see some overgrowth", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00111-00062122-00062739": "in childhood’s curvature and scoliosis, facial features, muscle weakness.", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00112-00062739-00063347": "But more congenital abnormalities of the kidney, heart, eyes, ears, there can be deafness,", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00113-00063347-00064019": "benign tumors, low-grade malignancies, seizures, intellectual disability, behavior problems,", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00114-00064019-00064778": "speech and language disorders, so -- ADHD, some insistence on same kinds of phenotypes,", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00115-00064778-00065314": "stuttering specifically was described, that and other speech and language disorders.", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00116-00065314-00066229": "And so what across BioView -- and the kids are living longer now because they watch for", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00117-00066229-00066681": "the breathing difficulties and try to anticipate and do better, but it was generally the breathing", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00118-00066681-00067207": "difficulties that were the most serious problem that would often lead to death in childhood", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00119-00067207-00067763": "from the associated pneumonias and problems with the breathing.", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00120-00067763-00068352": "The -- in GTEx -- across GTEx the gene is highly expressed in some parts of the heart,", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00121-00068352-00069112": "in the brain, very highly expressed in the brain, expressed in muscle, not surprisingly", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00122-00069112-00069336": "the weakness that’s observed.", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00123-00069336-00070231": "It turns out to be highly expressed in uterus, and cervix, and so what do we see across BioView?", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00124-00070231-00071023": "So, with reduced predicted expression just in blood, you see highly significant associations", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00125-00071023-00071966": "with sort of pelvic inflammatory disease, in a number of ways -- a number of different", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00126-00071966-00072264": "diagnosis of that.", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00127-00072264-00072868": "In red are some of the classic features associated with one or the other of the syndromes, this", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00128-00072868-00072968": "is just in blood.", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00129-00072968-00073486": "But you see there is a number of other phenotypes that are also associated.", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00130-00073486-00074304": "So, although cardiac congenital anomalies have been described, I didn’t see anywhere", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00131-00074304-00074726": "that congenital anomalies of the esophagus have been described, but they are highly,", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00132-00074726-00075430": "significantly associated and it wouldn’t be surprising in some newly diagnosed kids", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00133-00075430-00075970": "with this disease, to see congenital anomalies of the esophagus; which if they haven’t", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00134-00075970-00076492": "already been described, it might make it harder to recognize that this could be one of the", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00135-00076492-00076980": "autosomal dominant conditions associated with this gene.", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00136-00076980-00077430": "Some of these other conditions that we see as strongly associated, would fall under the", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00137-00077430-00077536": "heading of outcomes.", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00138-00077536-00078026": "Now that these kids are living longer, what will happen to my child, is one of the questions", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00139-00078026-00078258": "that gets asked.", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00140-00078258-00078818": "And it’s always easier to watch for things that you know the kids will be at risk for", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00141-00078818-00079448": "as they grow up and I think pelvic inflammatory disease is a great example of what is likely", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00142-00079448-00080085": "to be a problem in women who have been diagnosed with this, as they get older.", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00143-00080085-00080772": "In other tissues, we see many of the other phenotypes so facial weakness with high significance,", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00144-00080772-00081200": "pneumonia due to fungal infections, diseases of the larynx and vocal chords, symptoms of", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00145-00081200-00082056": "respiratory system so there were a number of breathing abnormalities and breathing issues", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00146-00082056-00082156": "associated.", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00147-00082156-00082645": "You see, symbolic dysfunction in speech and language disorders also associated, disorders", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00148-00082645-00083356": "of the tympanic membrane, neural tube defects, kidney anomalies, and kidney disease; this", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00149-00083356-00084120": "had a range of significance depending on the tissue of 10-5 to 10-7.", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00150-00084120-00085216": "Also fractures, 10-5 to 10-7 range, seizures, convulsions, epilepsy again 10-5 to 10-7 range.", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00151-00085216-00085764": "So essentially all of the key features of the Mendelian disease are seen in people with", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00152-00085764-00086143": "just genetically predicted reduced expression.", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00153-00086143-00086681": "But in addition, we get some insights into other congenital anomalies that might be observed,", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00154-00086681-00087158": "I mean by definition these are rare and have been fully characterized in only small numbers", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00155-00087158-00087519": "of individuals, right?", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00156-00087519-00088226": "And we get some potential insights into what can happen to the kids as they grow older.", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00157-00088226-00088808": "So we are developing a database of Mendelian disease genes and the associated phenotypes", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00158-00088808-00089170": "that we see in BioView now.", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00159-00089170-00089666": "As they say, rare diseases may have been characterized -- fully characterized phenotypically in just", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00160-00089666-00090245": "a few patients, and this comes back to something Stephen said yesterday about data driven models", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00161-00090245-00090699": "for the range of clinical features that we can expect from a Mendelian disease.", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00162-00090699-00091339": "This may help solve some Mendelian diseases even without the sequencing.", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00163-00091339-00091814": "And of course the need for outcomes as patients live longer is something we can also look", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00164-00091814-00091962": "at here.", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00165-00091962-00092505": "Also creating a database of Mendelian genes in waiting, because as I said, there are -- even", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00166-00092505-00093082": "just with careful look across a couple of tissues, hundreds of genes not yet characterized", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00167-00093082-00093695": "as Mendelian disease genes, but where we see multiple congenital anomalies and intellectual", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00168-00093695-00094283": "disability, and other really bad phenotypes associated with altered expression of the", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00169-00094283-00094813": "gene, this is probably one of the ways to predict in advance of seeing it, what de novo", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00170-00094813-00095313": "mutations in some of these mouse embryonic lethal genes would actually look like were", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00171-00095313-00095523": "someone to be born with it.", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00172-00095523-00096341": "It’s also something, you know, particularly if you’re looking before a patient comes", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00173-00096341-00096993": "in, you can get in advance some of the phenotypes that you might want to check for to help distinguish", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00174-00096993-00097568": "among different diseases because this is a much deeper look at the possible phenotypes", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00175-00097568-00098043": "that we’ll be seeing with mutations of Mendelian disease genes.", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00176-00098043-00098415": "Just quickly I want to talk about an autosomal recessive.", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00177-00098415-00099002": "One, as a canonical example of another set of Mendelian disease genes.", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00178-00099002-00099835": "This is zinc transporter that leads to an autosomal recessive disease acrodermatitis", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00179-00099835-00100533": "enteropathica, which is also associated with other -- so you have the skin phenotype, also", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00180-00100533-00101093": "associated with chronic diarrhea, gastritis, serious behavioral problems, anemia.", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00181-00101093-00101670": "Until the gene was cloned, it was fatal in early childhood, and then the gene was cloned,", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00182-00101670-00101910": "found to be a zinc transporter.", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00183-00101910-00102930": "Five days after zinc supplementation, the rashes clear, the diarrhea clears, the behavioral", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00184-00102930-00103310": "problems are reported to clear as well.", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00185-00103310-00103580": "And you can see where I’m going with this.", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00186-00103580-00104346": "Genes highly expressed in colon, in intestine, highly expressed kidney, highly expressed", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00187-00104346-00104985": "in brain and people with reduced predicted expression have bad things.", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00188-00104985-00105400": "So it’s reported to have anemia, as I said, we see the mineral deficiency.", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00189-00105400-00106226": "Some of the things associated with zinc deficiencies; in just blood we see the gastritis and others.", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00190-00106226-00107019": "But across other tissues, we get a bunch of skin conditions that are probably misdiagnosed", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00191-00107019-00107544": "because it’s probably related to the same skin condition that you see in the Mendelian", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00192-00107544-00108567": "disease, but we see acute renal failure, kidney disease, chronic kidney failure, kidney transplantation,", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00193-00108567-00108935": "we see primary pulmonary hypertension, you see the hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00194-00108935-00109150": "So it’s associated with other bad things.", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00195-00109150-00109698": "You see schizophrenia, with a 10-9 association and suicidal ideation or attempt.", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00196-00109698-00110271": "So the behavioral problems that you saw in the kids with the Mendelian disease are diagnosed", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00197-00110271-00110826": "as schizophrenia and you see the suicidal ideation and cerebral degeneration, which", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00198-00110826-00111326": "is what they have hypothesized is going on in the brain with the zinc deficiencies.", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00199-00111326-00112173": "So, this is bad stuff and how pissed off would you be if you knew -- if this is what you", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00200-00112173-00112810": "had your whole life, due to just reduced expression of this gene and could have taken zinc supplementation", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00201-00112810-00112922": "and not had.", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00202-00112922-00113456": "We don’t recognize this as Mendelian disease because they’re in adults and they’re", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00203-00113456-00113735": "often -- so it’s just reduced expression of the gene.", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00204-00113735-00114229": "It’s not necessarily apparent at birth, it comes on over time, it may wax and wane", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00205-00114229-00114710": "some, but it’s a serious thing for these people.", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00206-00114710-00115211": "So there is this continuum, there are dozens of Mendelian diseases that can be treated", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00207-00115211-00115888": "reasonably effectively with innocuous therapies or mineral supplementation, dietary intervention", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00208-00115888-00116544": "and there will be more people with highly increased risk of disease.", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00209-00116544-00117249": "So for some of this it’s fivefold, sixfold, eightfold increase risk of bad things like", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00210-00117249-00118069": "kidney failure, just so -- so just of these genes, of the ones that have innocuous therapies,", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00211-00118069-00118430": "then there are people who have Mendelian diseases.", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00212-00118430-00119079": "And so there’s another whole group of people we have to go after and think about, because", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00213-00119079-00119679": "there is a continuum of Mendelian to common disease.", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00214-00119679-00120108": "We don’t have people with this diagnosis yet in BioView because it’s one if 500,000.", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00215-00120108-00120682": "There are none in BioView now, but there are 5,000 patients in BioView today at high risk", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00216-00120682-00121023": "for the worst sub-types of this condition.", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00217-00121023-00121708": "Three hundred patients have multiple of the worst sub-types that could maybe be ameliorated", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00218-00121708-00121878": "with zinc supplementation.", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00219-00121878-00122591": "So, in the big picture, there’s a continuum from mouse embryonic lethal, to Mendelian,", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00220-00122591-00123273": "to other genes where we don’t -- where the coefficient of variation on the transcript", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00221-00123273-00123816": "level is lower here and higher up here -- yeah, nature’s basically saying, for Daniel’s", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00222-00123816-00124332": "list of loss of function tolerant, it doesn’t matter how much or how little you have, the", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00223-00124332-00124815": "inheritability is still high, even though the co-efficient of variation is low, heritability", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00224-00124815-00125649": "is still higher here than down here, and these contribute disproportionately to phenome burden.", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00225-00125649-00126172": "And the Mendelian diseases spin on the major axis of disease risk, just the way the other", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00226-00126172-00126290": "ones do.", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00227-00126290-00126930": "Raising the possibility that at some point, rather than gene specific, that we work on", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00228-00126930-00127545": "these axis: wound healing and aid immunity, TGF beta signaling, apoptosis and growth,", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00229-00127545-00127733": "and be able to treat that way.", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00230-00127733-00128445": "So we definitely see this throughout with these predicted expression phenotypes.", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00231-00128445-00129148": "And this was resolved so on all genes in about 18,000, after QC from the 20,000, but we’ll", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00232-00129148-00129789": "have much larger sample sizes as we go up and much better granularity to do this, so", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00233-00129789-00130451": "just then -- our -- my colleagues playing in the band with Dan now and Lisa and Eric", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00234-00130451-00130964": "did most of the compute, Nanmar [spelled phonetically] keeps the computers running, the zebrafish", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00235-00130964-00131419": "group and BioView is such a fun playground.", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00236-00131419-00132218": "And our GTEx colleagues and the GTEx project, which is just a fantastic resource for doing", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00237-00132218-00132434": "this, so happy to take questions.", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00238-00132434-00132862": "Female Speaker: So we’ll take -- because of time, we’ll", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00239-00132862-00133282": "take one question, if there’s a specific question for Gail and then we’ll go back", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00240-00133282-00133414": "to the general discussion.", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00241-00133414-00133548": "Male Speaker: For Nancy.", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00242-00133548-00133796": "Female Speaker: For -- sorry I’m looking at Gail, sorry.", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00243-00133796-00133896": "[laughter]", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00244-00133896-00133996": "Nancy.", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00245-00133996-00134334": "Male Speaker: At least you didn’t call her Dan.", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00246-00134334-00134480": "Female Speaker: Dan.", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00247-00134480-00135078": "And I don’t even have like the flight/jet-lag thing to explain this, so we’ll take one", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00248-00135078-00135470": "question specifically for Nancy and then we’ll go into open discussion.", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00249-00135470-00135570": "Howard.", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00250-00135570-00135884": "Male Speaker: So Nancy, this is the second time I’ve heard", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00251-00135884-00136146": "the talk, and I really like it.", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00252-00136146-00136975": "But as I listen to it, it makes me pause for a moment and say, “So, what’s the spurious", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00253-00136975-00137428": "nature of those associated phenotypes, do you think, and how do we sort that out?”", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00254-00137428-00137987": "Because it just makes me nervous that with that one gene, that there’s so many phenotypes", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00255-00137987-00138675": "that are out -- that are clustered around that, and you’ve got high P value, so I", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00256-00138675-00138775": "see that.", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00257-00138775-00139656": "But I’m just worried, is it -- how much of it is true, how much of it is false positive,", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00258-00139656-00140033": "and I guess how many of these have you checked to know that?", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00259-00140033-00140209": "Nancy Cox: Yeah, okay.", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00260-00140209-00140766": "So the one gene that we’ve gotten all the way through zebrafish validated, that was", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00261-00140766-00141230": "a novel observation of phenome to gene association.", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00262-00141230-00141330": "And --", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00263-00141330-00141430": "Male Speaker: But it was one phenotype though.", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00264-00141430-00141719": "Nancy Cox: No, no, it was multiple eye phenotypes.", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00265-00141719-00141819": "Male Speaker: Yeah.", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00266-00141819-00142087": "Nancy Cox: That was why we put it into zebrafish, and", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00267-00142087-00142662": "it’s clearly -- that gene is clearly important for normal eye development in zebrafish and", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00268-00142662-00143285": "that protein product is expressed in all of the parts of eye that affect the phenotypes", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00269-00143285-00143733": "in humans, the eye diseases in humans, with which it was associated.", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00270-00143733-00144496": "The -- if we -- the conservative Bonferroni correction for the number of genes we can", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00271-00144496-00145003": "interrogate in the number of tissues where we get quality interrogation, by the number", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00272-00145003-00145879": "of phenomes -- phenome codes that we look at is -- that would be about 8.3 times 10-8.", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00273-00145879-00146657": "If we use permutation -- because a lot of these phenome codes are actually correlated,", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00274-00146657-00147550": "it’s probably more like seven times 10-7, but even using the 8.3 times 10-8, there are", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00275-00147550-00147771": "highly significant associations.", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00276-00147771-00148377": "The reason there were so many with genes is that Mendelian disease genes and mouse embryonic", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00277-00148377-00149104": "lethals accumulate much more and much more significant phenome association than genes", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00278-00149104-00149215": "do on average.", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00279-00149215-00149851": "Believe you me, I got plenty of genes that have no phenome significant -- no significant", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00280-00149851-00150254": "associations with any phenome.", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00281-00150254-00151067": "And other of the genes that are not Mendelian, not mouse embryonic lethal often have piddly", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00282-00151067-00151385": "-- you know if one crosses the threshold you could be lucky.", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00283-00151385-00151997": "So it’s not that all genes look like this; Mendelian genes look like this, mouse embryonic", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00284-00151997-00152176": "lethal genes look like this.", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00285-00152176-00153052": "And in particular, the zinc transporter looks to be on this axis of a number of other genes", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00286-00153052-00153667": "associated with many of these same phenotypes, but it’s got a much stronger affect.", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00287-00153667-00154188": "Because it’s a Mendelian -- it’s more central to sort of normal health and development", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00288-00154188-00154776": "than most of my polygenic genes on this same sort of axis.", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00289-00154776-00155597": "So, there’s a lot of things we are learning, and one of them is that Mendelian genes are", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00290-00155597-00155832": "really special.", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00291-00155832-00156501": "They are central to normal growth, and development, and health and messing around with those in", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00292-00156501-00156960": "either direction is not a good thing for human beings.", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00293-00156960-00158063": "And every sub-phenotype that makes up a Mendelian disease phenome, you know packet, is a common", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00294-00158063-00158163": "disease.", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00295-00158163-00158578": "I mean many Mendelian diseases are associated with kidney failure.", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00296-00158578-00159099": "Kidney failure is going to be associated with the reduced expression of most of those genes", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00297-00159099-00159801": "because it’s -- but later onset and not in every single person with [unintelligible]", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00298-00159801-00160078": "because it will depend on the rest of it.", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00299-00160078-00160722": "But you will see a lot of the same phenotypes associated with reduced expression.", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00300-00160722-00161340": "It’s going to account for much more of medical phenome than we’ve ever appreciated.", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00301-00161340-00161853": "Female Speaker: Okay, so now I have lots of people here.", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00302-00161853-00162004": "Hang on one second.", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00303-00162004-00162238": "So I had Wendy and I have Lea.", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00304-00162238-00162933": "So -- but I want to now move into the general discussion for this session.", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00305-00162933-00163358": "I’ll thank Melissa and Nancy for really thought-provoking talks.", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00306-00163358-00163898": "But I want to back up to the people that were in queue, so Jose, and then Peter, and then", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00307-00163898-00164087": "Calum, and then Wendy, and then Lea.", "ahYlxkQPv4Q-00308-00164087-00164120": "[end of transcript]"}}, {"audio_id": "ajuukDR5pxy", "text": {"ajuukDR5pxy-00000-00000042-00000178": "- All right, my name is Bill Walton.", "ajuukDR5pxy-00001-00000178-00000349": "I'm with the Auburn University shellfish lab", "ajuukDR5pxy-00002-00000349-00000594": "and Alabama Cooperative Extension.", "ajuukDR5pxy-00003-00000594-00000833": "We wanted to show folks one way that", "ajuukDR5pxy-00004-00000833-00001109": "we use here at the shellfish lab,", "ajuukDR5pxy-00005-00001109-00001367": "for determining the total number of seed", "ajuukDR5pxy-00006-00001367-00001477": "that you have gotten.", "ajuukDR5pxy-00007-00001477-00001714": "It's the time of year right now when people,", "ajuukDR5pxy-00008-00001714-00002146": "oyster growers, are getting deliveries of seed", "ajuukDR5pxy-00009-00002146-00002307": "and they have ordered a certain amount,", "ajuukDR5pxy-00010-00002307-00002423": "paid for a certain amount,", "ajuukDR5pxy-00011-00002423-00002733": "and they want to know if that is in fact", "ajuukDR5pxy-00012-00002733-00002883": "the amount that they've got.", "ajuukDR5pxy-00013-00002883-00003091": "Certainly, your seed supplier", "ajuukDR5pxy-00014-00003091-00003314": "will give you an estimate of what they're delivering.", "ajuukDR5pxy-00015-00003314-00003474": "They are going to try to deliver", "ajuukDR5pxy-00016-00003564-00003674": "on whatever number that you ordered.", "ajuukDR5pxy-00017-00003674-00003860": "We recommend that you go ahead and", "ajuukDR5pxy-00018-00003860-00004196": "estimate the total number on your own.", "ajuukDR5pxy-00019-00004196-00004334": "That's not because you're necessarily", "ajuukDR5pxy-00020-00004334-00004568": "doubting what the seed supplier is doing,", "ajuukDR5pxy-00021-00004568-00004733": "but what we do want to do is make sure", "ajuukDR5pxy-00022-00004733-00005036": "that you have an accurate inventory from the start.", "ajuukDR5pxy-00023-00005036-00005295": "We're going to show you the weighing method.", "ajuukDR5pxy-00024-00005295-00005503": "There are other methods out there for determining", "ajuukDR5pxy-00025-00005503-00005710": "how many seed, for example, are in this bag.", "ajuukDR5pxy-00026-00005710-00006010": "One would be splitting; we'd spread out all these seed out,", "ajuukDR5pxy-00027-00006010-00006236": "start dividing it in half, and then half again,", "ajuukDR5pxy-00028-00006236-00006394": "half again, half again,", "ajuukDR5pxy-00029-00006394-00006634": "til we get down to sizes we could count.", "ajuukDR5pxy-00030-00006634-00006912": "There's wet pack volume; we'll share a link for that.", "ajuukDR5pxy-00031-00006912-00007041": "There's volumetric displacement,", "ajuukDR5pxy-00032-00007041-00007291": "which we often used at the lab when we're doing", "ajuukDR5pxy-00033-00007291-00007623": "studies where we need a great deal of precision.", "ajuukDR5pxy-00034-00007623-00007856": "We think that that is probably a fairly accurate method,", "ajuukDR5pxy-00035-00007856-00008125": "but there are a lot of ways to make mistakes with that.", "ajuukDR5pxy-00036-00008125-00008407": "The method that we recommend that most people use,", "ajuukDR5pxy-00037-00008407-00008554": "and the one that we use routinely", "ajuukDR5pxy-00038-00008554-00008771": "here at the lab, is the weighing method.", "ajuukDR5pxy-00039-00008896-00009044": "You do need a couple things.", "ajuukDR5pxy-00040-00009044-00009332": "You do need a scale that can measure this total volume.", "ajuukDR5pxy-00041-00009332-00009586": "You're going to need a scale that can handle", "ajuukDR5pxy-00042-00009586-00009922": "much smaller weights and do that accurately.", "ajuukDR5pxy-00043-00009922-00010138": "I'll cover that a little bit here.", "ajuukDR5pxy-00044-00010138-00010294": "The other thing you're going to have to think about", "ajuukDR5pxy-00045-00010294-00010465": "is the size seed that you have.", "ajuukDR5pxy-00046-00010465-00010725": "we think about what size they retain on.", "ajuukDR5pxy-00047-00010725-00010869": "These are our sixes.", "ajuukDR5pxy-00048-00010869-00011009": "They retain on a six millimeter,", "ajuukDR5pxy-00049-00011009-00011168": "which means they're substantially", "ajuukDR5pxy-00050-00011168-00011322": "larger than six millimeters.", "ajuukDR5pxy-00051-00011514-00011862": "I would say that typically measuring or using this method", "ajuukDR5pxy-00052-00011862-00012229": "for something that is smaller than retained on a two,", "ajuukDR5pxy-00053-00012229-00012566": "can be done, but would require a lot of extra care", "ajuukDR5pxy-00054-00012566-00012797": "to be sure that you're accurate.", "ajuukDR5pxy-00055-00012797-00012919": "There are also some decisions you're going to", "ajuukDR5pxy-00056-00012919-00013068": "have to make before you start.", "ajuukDR5pxy-00057-00013068-00013275": "When you look at this, what are you counting?", "ajuukDR5pxy-00058-00013275-00013476": "Are you counting live singles?", "ajuukDR5pxy-00059-00013476-00013647": "What are you going to do with doubles in here?", "ajuukDR5pxy-00060-00013647-00013790": "What are you going to do with triples,", "ajuukDR5pxy-00061-00013790-00013969": "if you have some of those?", "ajuukDR5pxy-00062-00013969-00014143": "We only count live singles,", "ajuukDR5pxy-00063-00014143-00014383": "but you would want to check with your seed supplier", "ajuukDR5pxy-00064-00014383-00014513": "to see how they handled that.", "ajuukDR5pxy-00065-00014513-00014616": "Did they count doubles?", "ajuukDR5pxy-00066-00014616-00014754": "Did they count doubles as one,", "ajuukDR5pxy-00067-00014754-00014969": "or did they count them as two?", "ajuukDR5pxy-00068-00014969-00015138": "We'll show you that.", "ajuukDR5pxy-00069-00015138-00015366": "You want to think about how many samples you want to take.", "ajuukDR5pxy-00070-00015366-00015587": "Part of that is how much counting you want to do,", "ajuukDR5pxy-00071-00015587-00015876": "but you also want to look at the grade of the seed.", "ajuukDR5pxy-00072-00015876-00015997": "These are very well sorted.", "ajuukDR5pxy-00073-00015997-00016197": "These were actually just sorted yesterday,", "ajuukDR5pxy-00074-00016197-00016413": "so they're all about the same size.", "ajuukDR5pxy-00075-00016413-00016596": "We could get away with fewer samples in this,", "ajuukDR5pxy-00076-00016596-00016802": "and probably be pretty accurate.", "ajuukDR5pxy-00077-00016802-00017056": "If you had a mix of sizes in here,", "ajuukDR5pxy-00078-00017056-00017190": "that's going to increase your variability,", "ajuukDR5pxy-00079-00017190-00017510": "so you're going to want to take more sub-samples.", "ajuukDR5pxy-00080-00017510-00017737": "You're also going to decide what units you're using,", "ajuukDR5pxy-00081-00017737-00018009": "and I know that most people are used to pounds and ounces,", "ajuukDR5pxy-00082-00018009-00018275": "but converting pounds and ounces when you're multiplying up", "ajuukDR5pxy-00083-00018275-00018421": "can get really complicated,", "ajuukDR5pxy-00084-00018421-00018702": "so we really typically use the metric system,", "ajuukDR5pxy-00085-00018702-00018994": "just because the multiplication is so much simpler.", "ajuukDR5pxy-00086-00018994-00019117": "Here, let's get started.", "ajuukDR5pxy-00087-00019117-00019308": "We're going to turn on this large scale.", "ajuukDR5pxy-00088-00019308-00019568": "This is a scale that can get wet,", "ajuukDR5pxy-00089-00019702-00019987": "but you can use any large scale,", "ajuukDR5pxy-00090-00019987-00020268": "but you do want to be careful about how precise this is.", "ajuukDR5pxy-00091-00020268-00020603": "I'm going to convert this to metric, as I mentioned.", "ajuukDR5pxy-00092-00020603-00020705": "It's going to be in kilograms,", "ajuukDR5pxy-00093-00020705-00021152": "and this goes out to actually not just tenths or hundreds,", "ajuukDR5pxy-00094-00021152-00021428": "but actually thousandths of a kilogram.", "ajuukDR5pxy-00095-00021539-00021678": "You can have containers.", "ajuukDR5pxy-00096-00021678-00021899": "In this case, these seed are not going to fit in one bucket,", "ajuukDR5pxy-00097-00021899-00022084": "so I'm going to zero out this bucket.", "ajuukDR5pxy-00098-00022197-00022416": "I've got a zero weight for this,", "ajuukDR5pxy-00099-00022416-00022582": "and then by the way, when you do this,", "ajuukDR5pxy-00100-00022582-00022698": "some mistakes that you can make:", "ajuukDR5pxy-00101-00022698-00022877": "You can see there's some water in this,", "ajuukDR5pxy-00102-00022877-00023038": "and actually I don't want to weight the water,", "ajuukDR5pxy-00103-00023038-00023384": "because the water are not part of the weight of the seed.", "ajuukDR5pxy-00104-00023384-00023767": "Actually, I'll take this bucket down, make this easier,", "ajuukDR5pxy-00105-00023767-00024004": "and I'll pour some of these seed into this bucket.", "ajuukDR5pxy-00106-00024004-00024395": "(shellfish rustling) All right.", "ajuukDR5pxy-00107-00025008-00025256": "Try not to lose any of those seed.", "ajuukDR5pxy-00108-00025256-00025460": "All right, remember I had the weight", "ajuukDR5pxy-00109-00025460-00025625": "of the bucket already taken out,", "ajuukDR5pxy-00110-00025625-00025952": "so right now I'm just going to get the first weight,", "ajuukDR5pxy-00111-00025952-00026143": "which is, I'm going to convert this to grams,", "ajuukDR5pxy-00112-00026143-00026306": "because I think grams is easier.", "ajuukDR5pxy-00113-00026306-00026806": "It's 8,495 grams for that first bucket.", "ajuukDR5pxy-00114-00026968-00027113": "I'll put that aside.", "ajuukDR5pxy-00115-00027113-00027466": "Actually, I'm going to put that there.", "ajuukDR5pxy-00116-00027466-00027689": "I'm going to zero out the second bucket.", "ajuukDR5pxy-00117-00027689-00027820": "Sometimes you want to just ...", "ajuukDR5pxy-00118-00027820-00028088": "You're tempted to assume that these buckets weigh the same,", "ajuukDR5pxy-00119-00028088-00028333": "but it's easy enough to just zero out the second bucket,", "ajuukDR5pxy-00120-00028333-00028616": "and then add seed to that, we find.", "ajuukDR5pxy-00121-00028851-00029120": "All right. (shellfish rustling)", "ajuukDR5pxy-00122-00029120-00029203": "One of the things you'll see,", "ajuukDR5pxy-00123-00029203-00029404": "we've got some scientific scales here.", "ajuukDR5pxy-00124-00029404-00029570": "Certainly, that's great if you can get them,", "ajuukDR5pxy-00125-00029570-00029837": "but we have done this with scales that you can pick up", "ajuukDR5pxy-00126-00029837-00030229": "at supermarkets or other types of office stores.", "ajuukDR5pxy-00127-00030229-00030568": "Again, you're going to be looking at the precision of that.", "ajuukDR5pxy-00128-00030568-00030675": "Let's get this.", "ajuukDR5pxy-00129-00030902-00031075": "All right, in this case, once it settles down,", "ajuukDR5pxy-00130-00031075-00031575": "it looks like 7,045 grams, so I will add those up for you", "ajuukDR5pxy-00131-00031694-00032191": "and figure out the total weight in a minute.", "ajuukDR5pxy-00132-00032191-00032389": "What has to happen now is,", "ajuukDR5pxy-00133-00032389-00032672": "we've gotten the total weight of these seed.", "ajuukDR5pxy-00134-00032672-00032842": "It's going to be somewhere around,", "ajuukDR5pxy-00135-00032842-00033285": "right around 15,500 or so grams.", "ajuukDR5pxy-00136-00033285-00033501": "Let's take a look at what we need to do next,", "ajuukDR5pxy-00137-00033501-00033712": "which is do some sub-samples.", "ajuukDR5pxy-00138-00033712-00033837": "Again, you don't need anything fancy.", "ajuukDR5pxy-00139-00033837-00034166": "I've just taken some of our cups for drinking water here.", "ajuukDR5pxy-00140-00034166-00034297": "I'm putting it on a scale.", "ajuukDR5pxy-00141-00034297-00034627": "Now, this scale will go out to, this is measuring grams,", "ajuukDR5pxy-00142-00034627-00034852": "and this will go out to hundredths of a gram.", "ajuukDR5pxy-00143-00034953-00035258": "What you don't want to do is use a scale like this,", "ajuukDR5pxy-00144-00035258-00035356": "because what's going to happen is,", "ajuukDR5pxy-00145-00035356-00035590": "when it gets out to those hundredths of a gram,", "ajuukDR5pxy-00146-00035590-00035747": "or thousandths ...", "ajuukDR5pxy-00147-00035747-00036028": "Sorry, thousandths of a kilogram,", "ajuukDR5pxy-00148-00036028-00036253": "it's going to jump up by big amounts", "ajuukDR5pxy-00149-00036253-00036408": "when you're measuring these sub-samples.", "ajuukDR5pxy-00150-00036408-00036640": "We don't want to count a whole lot of oysters.", "ajuukDR5pxy-00151-00036640-00036780": "I've got sample number one here.", "ajuukDR5pxy-00152-00036780-00037014": "I'm just going to reach in and I'm trying not to bias it.", "ajuukDR5pxy-00153-00037014-00037169": "I'm just trying to get some oysters.", "ajuukDR5pxy-00154-00037169-00037301": "Well, how many am I putting in?", "ajuukDR5pxy-00155-00037301-00037511": "I'm not counting them when I put them in.", "ajuukDR5pxy-00156-00037511-00037629": "I'm just trying to get a handful", "ajuukDR5pxy-00157-00037629-00037896": "that I think it's reasonable to count.", "ajuukDR5pxy-00158-00037896-00038080": "I'm guessing that's over 30 oysters,", "ajuukDR5pxy-00159-00038080-00038341": "and we would recommend typically that you use", "ajuukDR5pxy-00160-00038341-00038550": "at least 30 oysters in it.", "ajuukDR5pxy-00161-00038550-00038896": "I'm going to put that on here, and here's what happens now.", "ajuukDR5pxy-00162-00038896-00039223": "For this first sample, I know the sample weight,", "ajuukDR5pxy-00163-00039223-00039723": "which is 14.4 grams, all right?", "ajuukDR5pxy-00164-00039931-00040125": "I'm going to put that aside, and I'm going to,", "ajuukDR5pxy-00165-00040125-00040228": "now that I know that weight,", "ajuukDR5pxy-00166-00040228-00040454": "I'm going to be able to do a count of the live singles,", "ajuukDR5pxy-00167-00040454-00040613": "and I'll show you that in a minute.", "ajuukDR5pxy-00168-00040613-00040786": "Let me then zero out the next cup.", "ajuukDR5pxy-00169-00040786-00041000": "Remember, we're zeroing it out each time.", "ajuukDR5pxy-00170-00041000-00041158": "Once it reaches zero ...", "ajuukDR5pxy-00171-00041342-00041575": "Sometimes it jumps around a little bit.", "ajuukDR5pxy-00172-00041575-00041724": "Again, I'm going to reach into the other bucket,", "ajuukDR5pxy-00173-00041724-00041902": "because I'm not trying to bias it necessarily,", "ajuukDR5pxy-00174-00041902-00042190": "by which bucket I'm reaching into.", "ajuukDR5pxy-00175-00042404-00042904": "All right, in this case, I've got 16.29 grams", "ajuukDR5pxy-00176-00042916-00043038": "for sample number two.", "ajuukDR5pxy-00177-00043411-00043562": "You can imagine what I'm going to do is,", "ajuukDR5pxy-00178-00043562-00043746": "I'm going to walk through here,", "ajuukDR5pxy-00179-00043746-00043941": "doing the next three samples that I've got,", "ajuukDR5pxy-00180-00043941-00044103": "samples three through five.", "ajuukDR5pxy-00181-00044103-00044395": "I'm going to grab handfuls of oysters, all right?", "ajuukDR5pxy-00182-00044395-00044496": "Here's number three.", "ajuukDR5pxy-00183-00044601-00044730": "Because I want to make sure I'm not missing", "ajuukDR5pxy-00184-00044730-00044943": "some on the bottom here that might be a different size,", "ajuukDR5pxy-00185-00044943-00045088": "I'm going to grab handfuls from different parts", "ajuukDR5pxy-00186-00045088-00045422": "of the bucket, put them in there.", "ajuukDR5pxy-00187-00045422-00045582": "Try to get a reasonable amount?", "ajuukDR5pxy-00188-00045582-00045686": "What's an unreasonable amount?", "ajuukDR5pxy-00189-00045686-00045886": "You have to decide, but if we start counting", "ajuukDR5pxy-00190-00045886-00046113": "200 oysters or more in a sample,", "ajuukDR5pxy-00191-00046113-00046248": "we think that's probably too many.", "ajuukDR5pxy-00192-00046248-00046369": "We're trying to get something in there.", "ajuukDR5pxy-00193-00046369-00046578": "You'll get a practiced eye for that.", "ajuukDR5pxy-00194-00046578-00046826": "The third sample here is going to be 17.30,", "ajuukDR5pxy-00195-00047007-00047293": "and then I will just do the next two samples.", "ajuukDR5pxy-00196-00047293-00047519": "We'll get those up on the board for you.", "ajuukDR5pxy-00197-00047519-00047804": "Okay, I've got the five samples.", "ajuukDR5pxy-00198-00047804-00048093": "I've got random samples of oysters in each one,", "ajuukDR5pxy-00199-00048093-00048295": "and I've got a total weight for each sample.", "ajuukDR5pxy-00200-00048295-00048440": "Now, it's coming down to counting.", "ajuukDR5pxy-00201-00048440-00048704": "What we do is, we typically make sure", "ajuukDR5pxy-00202-00048704-00048855": "all the oysters are out so that we've got", "ajuukDR5pxy-00203-00048855-00049069": "everything that was weighed in here.", "ajuukDR5pxy-00204-00049069-00049365": "That might include doubles, that might include dead oysters.", "ajuukDR5pxy-00205-00049365-00049702": "That's okay because the total sample included those as well.", "ajuukDR5pxy-00206-00049702-00049926": "We want that; we want whatever's in this", "ajuukDR5pxy-00207-00049926-00050209": "to be representative of what was in the total samples.", "ajuukDR5pxy-00208-00050209-00050353": "Now we're going to go through this", "ajuukDR5pxy-00209-00050353-00050614": "and we're going to count live single oysters.", "ajuukDR5pxy-00210-00050614-00050739": "The only thing I would recommend is", "ajuukDR5pxy-00211-00050739-00050874": "when you're doing something like this,", "ajuukDR5pxy-00212-00050874-00051019": "is be very careful here,", "ajuukDR5pxy-00213-00051019-00051329": "because small errors here will multiply up.", "ajuukDR5pxy-00214-00051329-00051504": "For example, I've got oysters that are damp.", "ajuukDR5pxy-00215-00051504-00051739": "They're still wet, and so because of that,", "ajuukDR5pxy-00216-00051739-00051877": "they're sticking together a little bit.", "ajuukDR5pxy-00217-00051877-00052062": "I'm actually flipping the oysters over,", "ajuukDR5pxy-00218-00052062-00052228": "to make sure that there isn't one hiding.", "ajuukDR5pxy-00219-00052228-00052339": "In that case, there was an oyster", "ajuukDR5pxy-00220-00052339-00052467": "hiding under the other one.", "ajuukDR5pxy-00221-00052467-00052773": "I just want to make sure I'm getting an accurate count.", "ajuukDR5pxy-00222-00052773-00052950": "I'm going to count these out.", "ajuukDR5pxy-00223-00052950-00053277": "If I get any doubles, I'm going to move them to the side.", "ajuukDR5pxy-00224-00053277-00053690": "I don't have to count them, but I don't want to count them,", "ajuukDR5pxy-00225-00053690-00053841": "as I said here at the shellfish lab,", "ajuukDR5pxy-00226-00053841-00053966": "we only count live singles.", "ajuukDR5pxy-00227-00053966-00054186": "We're just going to get a count of our live singles.", "ajuukDR5pxy-00228-00054186-00054450": "Anything else, we can just move to the side.", "ajuukDR5pxy-00229-00054450-00054579": "It won't be counted, but again,", "ajuukDR5pxy-00230-00054579-00054746": "it was part of the total weight.", "ajuukDR5pxy-00231-00054746-00054976": "I'm going to go ahead and, with some colleagues here,", "ajuukDR5pxy-00232-00054976-00055132": "we're going to get these oysters counted out,", "ajuukDR5pxy-00233-00055132-00055449": "and we'll get the counts up on the board for you.", "ajuukDR5pxy-00234-00055449-00055808": "Okay, we have gone ahead and gotten counts", "ajuukDR5pxy-00235-00055808-00055973": "out of each of these cups.", "ajuukDR5pxy-00236-00055973-00056174": "Remember, there are numbers on each cup,", "ajuukDR5pxy-00237-00056174-00056404": "so that we know what count of live singles", "ajuukDR5pxy-00238-00056404-00056596": "goes with which cup, which means we know", "ajuukDR5pxy-00239-00056596-00056805": "it goes with which weight.", "ajuukDR5pxy-00240-00056946-00057105": "There is an app for this.", "ajuukDR5pxy-00241-00057105-00057319": "We have an oyster farming app that you can download.", "ajuukDR5pxy-00242-00057319-00057516": "It's free and it has a calculator for this,", "ajuukDR5pxy-00243-00057516-00057772": "but I'm going to walk through here, of what we've done.", "ajuukDR5pxy-00244-00057772-00058114": "In that first sample, we got a count of 69 live singles,", "ajuukDR5pxy-00245-00058114-00058388": "and it was in 14.4 grams.", "ajuukDR5pxy-00246-00058388-00058520": "We can do the math on that,", "ajuukDR5pxy-00247-00058520-00058665": "and you can do that with a calculator,", "ajuukDR5pxy-00248-00058665-00058966": "or an Excel spreadsheet, or again, you can use the app.", "ajuukDR5pxy-00249-00058966-00059125": "What we're going to basically do is", "ajuukDR5pxy-00250-00059125-00059301": "take the total number of live singles,", "ajuukDR5pxy-00251-00059301-00059504": "and divide it by that sample weight,", "ajuukDR5pxy-00252-00059504-00059744": "and then multiply it by this total sample weight.", "ajuukDR5pxy-00253-00059744-00059898": "That's how much everything weighed", "ajuukDR5pxy-00254-00059898-00060062": "when we put it all together.", "ajuukDR5pxy-00255-00060062-00060171": "That gives us an estimate", "ajuukDR5pxy-00256-00060171-00060319": "of the total number of live singles.", "ajuukDR5pxy-00257-00060319-00060604": "You can see in that first sample, if we just did one sample,", "ajuukDR5pxy-00258-00060604-00061077": "our best guess was that there were 74,463 animals total", "ajuukDR5pxy-00259-00061077-00061310": "in that bag that we had delivered.", "ajuukDR5pxy-00260-00061310-00061439": "We take another sample and you can see,", "ajuukDR5pxy-00261-00061439-00061621": "even though we had a higher weight,", "ajuukDR5pxy-00262-00061621-00061825": "we actually got the same number of oysters.", "ajuukDR5pxy-00263-00061825-00062086": "That just shows some of the variability that you get.", "ajuukDR5pxy-00264-00062086-00062458": "Because there were the same number of oysters in a small,", "ajuukDR5pxy-00265-00062458-00062692": "in a larger weight sample,", "ajuukDR5pxy-00266-00062692-00062973": "it actually predicts that there would be only", "ajuukDR5pxy-00267-00062973-00063473": "65,823 oysters, live single oysters in that sample.", "ajuukDR5pxy-00268-00063530-00063748": "Anyway, you can repeat this as we have done.", "ajuukDR5pxy-00269-00063748-00063929": "We did this five times.", "ajuukDR5pxy-00270-00063929-00064104": "The app lets you go up to six, but if you want to do more,", "ajuukDR5pxy-00271-00064104-00064328": "certainly you can do that with a calculator", "ajuukDR5pxy-00272-00064328-00064480": "or an Excel spreadsheet.", "ajuukDR5pxy-00273-00064480-00064688": "You can see that we got five different estimates", "ajuukDR5pxy-00274-00064688-00065067": "of the total number of live oysters in this.", "ajuukDR5pxy-00275-00065067-00065315": "When you average those, it comes out to", "ajuukDR5pxy-00276-00065315-00065599": "that our best estimate of the total number of oysters", "ajuukDR5pxy-00277-00065599-00065854": "that were delivered in that purple bag that we started with,", "ajuukDR5pxy-00278-00065854-00066354": "was 75,548 oysters, but because we've done multiple samples,", "ajuukDR5pxy-00279-00066460-00066806": "we can actually put some air bars around that.", "ajuukDR5pxy-00280-00066806-00067162": "With 95% confidence, we can say that,", "ajuukDR5pxy-00281-00067162-00067571": "we're pretty sure it's around 75,548 animals,", "ajuukDR5pxy-00282-00067571-00068071": "but it's probably between 70,647, and 80,448.", "ajuukDR5pxy-00283-00068249-00068475": "That just gives you an idea that again,", "ajuukDR5pxy-00284-00068475-00068672": "this is an estimate; it's not a ...", "ajuukDR5pxy-00285-00068672-00068834": "We're not counting each oyster,", "ajuukDR5pxy-00286-00068834-00069089": "and so this is going to give us some range", "ajuukDR5pxy-00287-00069089-00069273": "that we're in for this.", "ajuukDR5pxy-00288-00069273-00069552": "We do advise certainly that you keep all these record,", "ajuukDR5pxy-00289-00069552-00069855": "either in the app, you can send it to yourself.", "ajuukDR5pxy-00290-00069855-00070058": "If you have a dispute with the seed supplier,", "ajuukDR5pxy-00291-00070058-00070378": "certainly I would share all the numbers that you have,", "ajuukDR5pxy-00292-00070378-00070609": "and the method that you used to do this,", "ajuukDR5pxy-00293-00070609-00070783": "and talk with that person", "ajuukDR5pxy-00294-00070783-00070937": "about how they came to their numbers,", "ajuukDR5pxy-00295-00070937-00071154": "because it may come down to simply", "ajuukDR5pxy-00296-00071154-00071426": "some differences in how it was done,", "ajuukDR5pxy-00297-00071426-00071596": "and maybe some different assumptions about", "ajuukDR5pxy-00298-00071596-00071899": "the doubles, or the singles, and how they were counted.", "ajuukDR5pxy-00299-00071899-00072196": "Again, even if you don't decide", "ajuukDR5pxy-00300-00072196-00072526": "to dispute the number of seed that you've got,", "ajuukDR5pxy-00301-00072526-00072773": "we recommend that it is important as an oyster farmer,", "ajuukDR5pxy-00302-00072773-00073038": "that you know how many oysters you're starting with.", "ajuukDR5pxy-00303-00073038-00073472": "If you were expecting 90,000 oysters in that delivery,", "ajuukDR5pxy-00304-00073472-00073861": "and your estimate is that there were only around 75,500", "ajuukDR5pxy-00305-00073861-00074138": "and change, again, you'd have to decide", "ajuukDR5pxy-00306-00074138-00074240": "if you want to dispute that,", "ajuukDR5pxy-00307-00074240-00074490": "but certainly for your own inventory purposes,", "ajuukDR5pxy-00308-00074490-00074585": "you would want to know that", "ajuukDR5pxy-00309-00074585-00074754": "your best estimate of where you started", "ajuukDR5pxy-00310-00074754-00074947": "was at that 75,000 mark.", "ajuukDR5pxy-00311-00075109-00075428": "I think with that, that is what we've got for this.", "ajuukDR5pxy-00312-00075428-00075650": "Please do check out some of our other videos,", "ajuukDR5pxy-00313-00075650-00075919": "including the ones about how to use that oyster farming app,", "ajuukDR5pxy-00314-00075919-00076120": "if you'd like to use it for this.", "ajuukDR5pxy-00315-00076120-00076447": "That would also let you do some cool things like", "ajuukDR5pxy-00316-00076447-00076710": "deciding if you wanted to stock baskets", "ajuukDR5pxy-00317-00076710-00076833": "at a certain density.", "ajuukDR5pxy-00318-00076833-00077024": "That's got a calculator to take the numbers", "ajuukDR5pxy-00319-00077024-00077207": "that you have just generated here,", "ajuukDR5pxy-00320-00077207-00077474": "to help you decide how many to put into an oyster bag."}}, {"audio_id": "ajyhUu_FNdc", "text": {"ajyhUu_FNdc-00000-00001019-00001397": "Trump-Romney meeting another wild 2016 twist.", "ajyhUu_FNdc-00001-00001397-00001635": "By Stephen Collinson, CNN.", "ajyhUu_FNdc-00002-00001635-00001925": "Washington (CNN)Forget a \"Team of Rivals.\"", "ajyhUu_FNdc-00003-00001925-00002161": "This would be a double act of denouncers.", "ajyhUu_FNdc-00004-00002161-00002523": "The thought that Mitt Romney would ever join the Cabinet of Donald Trump -- given their", "ajyhUu_FNdc-00005-00002523-00003002": "hostility, mutual contempt and venomous rhetorical exchanges -- might be the most absurd notion", "ajyhUu_FNdc-00006-00003002-00003200": "yet of a crazy political year.", "ajyhUu_FNdc-00007-00003200-00003532": "Donald Trump taps hardliners for national security team", "ajyhUu_FNdc-00008-00003532-00003934": "Donald Trump signals changing guard with national security team picks", "ajyhUu_FNdc-00009-00003934-00004280": "But the possibility that Trump and the man he labeled a \"choke artist\" could find common", "ajyhUu_FNdc-00010-00004280-00004662": "cause in the new administration was nonetheless a hot topic ahead of their meeting Saturday", "ajyhUu_FNdc-00011-00004662-00005037": "at the President-elect's Bedminster, New Jersey, golf retreat.", "ajyhUu_FNdc-00012-00005037-00005503": "The 2012 Republican nominee, who once warned in a CNN interview that a Trump presidency", "ajyhUu_FNdc-00013-00005503-00005947": "would mean \"trickle-down racism\" and \"trickle-down bigotry\" instead sat down with Trump and discussed", "ajyhUu_FNdc-00014-00005947-00006328": "the job of secretary of state, an appointment that would make Hillary Clinton's decision", "ajyhUu_FNdc-00015-00006328-00006909": "to serve in the same post under her 2008 primary rival Barack Obama seem routine in comparison.", "ajyhUu_FNdc-00016-00006909-00007265": "After the meeting, Romney offered no hint as to whether he was offered or would accept", "ajyhUu_FNdc-00017-00007265-00007428": "a role in Trump's administration.", "ajyhUu_FNdc-00018-00007428-00007842": "\"We had a far-reaching conversation with regard to the various theaters in the world where", "ajyhUu_FNdc-00019-00007842-00008147": "there are interests of the United States of real significance.", "ajyhUu_FNdc-00020-00008147-00008564": "We discussed those areas and exchanged our views on those topics,\" Romney said in brief", "ajyhUu_FNdc-00021-00008564-00008724": "remarks to reporters.", "ajyhUu_FNdc-00022-00008724-00008906": "He did not take questions.", "ajyhUu_FNdc-00023-00008906-00009329": "Vice President-elect Mike Pence confirmed Sunday that Romney is under \"active consideration\"", "ajyhUu_FNdc-00024-00009329-00009479": "for secretary of state.", "ajyhUu_FNdc-00025-00009479-00009810": "\"The President-elect was very grateful that Gov. Mitt Romney came in.", "ajyhUu_FNdc-00026-00009810-00009964": "They had a good meeting.", "ajyhUu_FNdc-00027-00009964-00010182": "It was a warm and substantive exchange.", "ajyhUu_FNdc-00028-00010182-00010567": "I know he is under active consideration to be secretary of state of the United States", "ajyhUu_FNdc-00029-00010567-00011040": "along with some other distinguished Americans,\" Pence said on \"Fox News Sunday.\"", "ajyhUu_FNdc-00030-00011040-00011394": "Intrigue surrounds meeting Prominent members of Romney's orbit, while", "ajyhUu_FNdc-00031-00011394-00011849": "not confirming that the former Massachusetts governor is interested in running US diplomacy,", "ajyhUu_FNdc-00032-00011849-00012138": "are not entirely dismissing the notion that he could agree to serve.", "ajyhUu_FNdc-00033-00012138-00012592": "\"One of the things that drives Gov. Romney is a sense of duty, and I think that sense", "ajyhUu_FNdc-00034-00012592-00013004": "of duty is what's driving him to help President-elect Trump in any way he can as he puts together", "ajyhUu_FNdc-00035-00013004-00013355": "a government,\" Kevin Madden said Friday on CNN's \"New Day.\"", "ajyhUu_FNdc-00036-00013355-00013743": "\"I think he recognizes that there is that type of outreach going on with President-elect's", "ajyhUu_FNdc-00037-00013743-00013900": "transition team.\"", "ajyhUu_FNdc-00038-00013900-00014298": "The Donald Trump vs. Mitt Romney fight � In one minute 01:11", "ajyhUu_FNdc-00039-00014298-00014723": "On the face of it, there are plenty of reasons why the 2012 nominee would refuse to serve", "ajyhUu_FNdc-00040-00014723-00015137": "alongside Trump, not least because of their sharply different characters and positions", "ajyhUu_FNdc-00041-00015137-00015376": "on some key foreign policy issues.", "ajyhUu_FNdc-00042-00015376-00015701": "But there are enough reasons why it might make sense for both men to lend their meeting", "ajyhUu_FNdc-00043-00015701-00015851": "plenty of intrigue.", "ajyhUu_FNdc-00044-00015851-00016311": "For the President-elect, Romney would bring an immediate burst of knowledge, global credibility,", "ajyhUu_FNdc-00045-00016311-00016672": "sound temperament and competence to his nascent administration.", "ajyhUu_FNdc-00046-00016672-00017051": "His selection would also be seen as a genuine gesture to bind the wounds in the Republican", "ajyhUu_FNdc-00047-00017051-00017504": "Party and the foreign policy establishment left over from a bitter primary campaign.", "ajyhUu_FNdc-00048-00017504-00017926": "It could also open the floodgates for the kind of credible, experienced GOP foreign", "ajyhUu_FNdc-00049-00017926-00018354": "policy insiders whom Trump needs to staff crucial, lower-ranking national security jobs", "ajyhUu_FNdc-00050-00018354-00018481": "to join the administration.", "ajyhUu_FNdc-00051-00018481-00018915": "And since Trump's core voters are more concerned with \"draining the swamp\" of well-known Washington", "ajyhUu_FNdc-00052-00018915-00019365": "insiders than foreign policy, the State Department may be one place he could put an establishment", "ajyhUu_FNdc-00053-00019365-00019626": "figure and not sustain much political damage.", "ajyhUu_FNdc-00054-00019626-00020016": "\"Mr. Romney would be a great choice in a sense that would be a signal sent to moderates as", "ajyhUu_FNdc-00055-00020016-00020531": "well as conservatives,\" William Cohen, a former US defense secretary, told CNN International's", "ajyhUu_FNdc-00056-00020531-00020675": "Hala Gorani on Friday.", "ajyhUu_FNdc-00057-00020675-00021064": "\"Whether that is a realistic thing remains to be seen -- I am skeptical but nonetheless", "ajyhUu_FNdc-00058-00021064-00021529": "remain hopeful that such an appointment, or people like Mitt Romney would be considered.\"", "ajyhUu_FNdc-00059-00021529-00021901": "Some of Romney's closest advisers initially expressed surprise at the news that the two", "ajyhUu_FNdc-00060-00021901-00022034": "men would meet.", "ajyhUu_FNdc-00061-00022034-00022426": "But some told CNN's Gloria Borger that the former venture capitalist prized his duty", "ajyhUu_FNdc-00062-00022426-00022629": "to his country above all else.", "ajyhUu_FNdc-00063-00022629-00022984": "Others noted that though he is known as a businessman, Romney's true interests centered", "ajyhUu_FNdc-00064-00022984-00023384": "on foreign policy, and that secretary of state would be the only Cabinet position he would", "ajyhUu_FNdc-00065-00023384-00023490": "accept.", "ajyhUu_FNdc-00066-00023490-00023936": "Another friend however expressed extreme skepticism Romney would join the Trump Cabinet.", "ajyhUu_FNdc-00067-00023936-00024367": "Romney could be relief to US allies For sure, a Romney appointment would come", "ajyhUu_FNdc-00068-00024367-00024773": "as a great relief to US allies who are deeply anxious about the direction of Trump's foreign", "ajyhUu_FNdc-00069-00024773-00025212": "policy, and who see alternative names floated for secretary of state such as Rudy Giuliani", "ajyhUu_FNdc-00070-00025212-00025536": "and John Bolton with much greater apprehension.", "ajyhUu_FNdc-00071-00025536-00025970": "That's because Romney is squarely within the parameters of accepted US foreign policy orthodoxy,", "ajyhUu_FNdc-00072-00025970-00026395": "is an internationalist, is well-known abroad and is committed to the notion of free trade,", "ajyhUu_FNdc-00073-00026395-00026745": "US alliances and a robust US posture in the world.", "ajyhUu_FNdc-00074-00026745-00027077": "Trump on the other hand has raised doubts about the bedrock pacts of the international", "ajyhUu_FNdc-00075-00027077-00027529": "system such as NATO and US alliances in Asia, is yet to define his \"America First\" creed", "ajyhUu_FNdc-00076-00027529-00027916": "and has spooked Eastern European allies with his praise for Russian President Vladimir", "ajyhUu_FNdc-00077-00027916-00028032": "Putin.", "ajyhUu_FNdc-00078-00028032-00028361": "Trump's temperament and a campaign in which opponents said he was unfit to control the", "ajyhUu_FNdc-00079-00028361-00028795": "nuclear codes also alarmed foreign policy elites and governments abroad -- so the thought", "ajyhUu_FNdc-00080-00028795-00029187": "of someone as sober and self-controlled as Romney beside Trump in the Situation Room", "ajyhUu_FNdc-00081-00029187-00029356": "would calm some nerves.", "ajyhUu_FNdc-00082-00029356-00029742": "The former governor would sail through Senate confirmation, thanks to his reputation as", "ajyhUu_FNdc-00083-00029742-00030108": "a devoted and devout family man with no personal skeletons.", "ajyhUu_FNdc-00084-00030108-00030342": "No one can know what is in Romney's mind.", "ajyhUu_FNdc-00085-00030342-00030595": "But Saturday's meeting was not one he had to take.", "ajyhUu_FNdc-00086-00030595-00031027": "After all, it carried the risk that the President-elect is simply using his good name to give the", "ajyhUu_FNdc-00087-00031027-00031566": "impression that he is casting a wide and conciliatory net across his party as he chooses his Cabinet.", "ajyhUu_FNdc-00088-00031566-00031869": "Career capper But were Trump to offer him the job of secretary", "ajyhUu_FNdc-00089-00031869-00032183": "of state, it's not impossible Romney would accept.", "ajyhUu_FNdc-00090-00032183-00032569": "It would be one last chance to serve and cap a career that once seemed headed for the pinnacle", "ajyhUu_FNdc-00091-00032569-00032954": "of national politics and at least would partially make up for the disappointment of his loss", "ajyhUu_FNdc-00092-00032954-00033186": "to Obama four years ago.", "ajyhUu_FNdc-00093-00033186-00033592": "Given Trump's lack of experience in foreign policy, and a leadership style that promises", "ajyhUu_FNdc-00094-00033592-00034006": "to be heavily reliant on his subordinates, Romney could see the chance of wide autonomy", "ajyhUu_FNdc-00095-00034006-00034296": "in setting US foreign policy as attractive.", "ajyhUu_FNdc-00096-00034296-00034669": "It might also be a good fit with the Mr. Fix-it brand of the former venture capitalist who", "ajyhUu_FNdc-00097-00034669-00034988": "rescued the 2002 Salt Lake City Winter Olympics.", "ajyhUu_FNdc-00098-00034988-00035394": "Still, there's a reason why a Romney nomination as secretary of state would be seen as yet", "ajyhUu_FNdc-00099-00035394-00035710": "another shocking development in 2016.", "ajyhUu_FNdc-00100-00035710-00035950": "Trump eviscerated Romney on the campaign trail.", "ajyhUu_FNdc-00101-00035950-00036291": "He said he was a \"disaster as a candidate\" who \"choked like a dog\" and said he had a", "ajyhUu_FNdc-00102-00036291-00036605": "lot of friends -- but Romney wasn't one of them.", "ajyhUu_FNdc-00103-00036605-00036885": "But maybe Trump appreciates someone who can throw a punch.", "ajyhUu_FNdc-00104-00036885-00037322": "After all, Romney warned Trump was a \"phony,\" a \"fraud\" who was playing the American public", "ajyhUu_FNdc-00105-00037322-00037655": "for \"suckers\" and once said he wanted to be able to look his grandchildren in the eye", "ajyhUu_FNdc-00106-00037655-00037983": "and say he took a stand against the GOP nominee.", "ajyhUu_FNdc-00107-00037983-00038247": "Would Romney be allowed to speak for the President?", "ajyhUu_FNdc-00108-00038247-00038688": "Even if the two men put personal animosity aside, the starchy Romney would be an incongruous", "ajyhUu_FNdc-00109-00038688-00039095": "figure in a team that includes firebrands such as new White House adviser Stephen Bannon", "ajyhUu_FNdc-00110-00039095-00039378": "and the next national security adviser Michael Flynn.", "ajyhUu_FNdc-00111-00039378-00039830": "And even if Trump gave him broad latitude to dictate US foreign policy, Romney would", "ajyhUu_FNdc-00112-00039830-00040272": "be taking a risk that the 45th President's intemperate public comments and volatile personality", "ajyhUu_FNdc-00113-00040272-00040555": "would undo painstaking diplomatic work.", "ajyhUu_FNdc-00114-00040555-00040934": "There is nothing more debilitating for a secretary of state than the view around the world that", "ajyhUu_FNdc-00115-00040934-00041283": "he or she does not speak for the President or is on a different page.", "ajyhUu_FNdc-00116-00041283-00041690": "Similarly, Romney might also face having his own words turned against him in talks with", "ajyhUu_FNdc-00117-00041690-00042070": "a foreign power since he said this year that the President-elect's promises were \"as worthless", "ajyhUu_FNdc-00118-00042070-00042322": "as a degree from Trump University.\"", "ajyhUu_FNdc-00119-00042322-00042745": "Romney and Trump would begin any partnership estranged in some key areas of policy.", "ajyhUu_FNdc-00120-00042745-00043102": "The former Massachusetts governor is a committed free trader for example.", "ajyhUu_FNdc-00121-00043102-00043524": "He warned in 2012 that Russia represented the top geopolitical threat to the United", "ajyhUu_FNdc-00122-00043524-00043627": "States.", "ajyhUu_FNdc-00123-00043627-00044043": "Trump has meanwhile warmly praised the leadership of Putin and promised to ease rocky relations", "ajyhUu_FNdc-00124-00044043-00044183": "with the Kremlin.", "ajyhUu_FNdc-00125-00044183-00044596": "Still Trump and Romney do agree on the need to battle Islamic extremism, the magnitude", "ajyhUu_FNdc-00126-00044596-00044959": "of the threat from terrorism and the need to hike military spending.", "ajyhUu_FNdc-00127-00044959-00045403": "Lanhee Chen, a top aide to Romney in 2012, argued that though there were differences", "ajyhUu_FNdc-00128-00045403-00045729": "on trade, the gaps were perhaps not as wide as they might seem.", "ajyhUu_FNdc-00129-00045729-00046197": "\"I do think there is some similarity in a focus on American interests that both Gov.", "ajyhUu_FNdc-00130-00046197-00046670": "Romney and I think Donald Trump expressed on the campaign trail,\" said Chen, a CNN contributor.", "ajyhUu_FNdc-00131-00046670-00047133": "\"If you look at the atmospherics, the macro level, there may actually be more there than", "ajyhUu_FNdc-00132-00047133-00047503": "meets the eye in terms of commonality between things that Donald Trump has expressed and", "ajyhUu_FNdc-00133-00047503-00048568": "Gov. Romney has expressed.\""}}, {"audio_id": "aj-XvxpxrL4", "text": {"aj-XvxpxrL4-00000-00000400-00000824": "so i'm going to start doing that and uh and also just vamp a little bit", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00001-00000824-00001072": "while we get megan's this video to join us as well", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00002-00001072-00001460": "we have a a lot of a lot of people on the panel today", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00003-00001538-00001832": "thank you all so much for being here uh my name is josh simmons i'm the", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00004-00001832-00002312": "president of the open source initiative um starting my my fifth year of board", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00005-00002312-00002712": "service and uh i wanna i wanna start this", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00006-00002712-00003088": "session with some gratitude uh first", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00007-00003088-00003568": "i want to really say thank you to the uh to the to the vendors who are supporting", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00008-00003568-00004000": "this event uh seriously it hat's off to to kathy and", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00009-00004000-00004368": "jenn and shaun and whoever the captioner is", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00010-00004368-00004760": "really everybody who's made this work uh it's", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00011-00004760-00005060": "this is such an important event for us and i'm so grateful for the time and", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00012-00005060-00005623": "energy you put into this it's uh it's been pretty great um", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00013-00005623-00005984": "now of course i couldn't i can't just thank our vendors i i need to thank", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00014-00005984-00006376": "uh hong phuc as the chair of the event who has been driving", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00015-00006376-00006808": "to make this happen yeah honestly um this has been a labor of", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00016-00006808-00007279": "love i can't overstate that um not only do i want to thank hong phuc", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00017-00007279-00007752": "who has been driving this from the board side i also want to thank uh i'm going", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00018-00007752-00008120": "to start chronologically i also want to thank patrick masson uh", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00019-00008120-00008440": "patrick was osi's first full-time staff member hired", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00020-00008440-00008936": "in 2013 uh he spent many many months and untold", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00021-00008936-00009280": "hours getting the project i mean on osi but", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00022-00009280-00009736": "also getting state of the  source running by the time patrick left", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00023-00009792-00010144": "us in july this thing was on rails there was no way", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00024-00010144-00010544": "of stopping it um and so i'm so grateful uh patrick for", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00025-00010544-00010775": "service in general we'll talk more about that later", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00026-00010775-00011128": "but specifically for getting state of the source running", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00027-00011128-00011511": "and then i want to thank deb nicholson our new general manager", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00028-00011511-00011992": "uh who started uh her first day at the end of august and the beginning of", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00029-00011992-00012375": "september and uh suffice it to say you could tell we've", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00030-00012375-00012688": "thrown her right into the deep end she's here presenting with us in the panel", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00031-00012688-00013087": "and we couldn't be happier to have deb with us uh so thank you deb for jumping", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00032-00013087-00013640": "right in and being here with us uh gratitude's gonna be a theme for this", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00033-00013640-00013919": "intro i also want to thank the speakers and", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00034-00013919-00014463": "attendees honestly uh no events an event you know like if", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00035-00014463-00014712": "there's no speakers and attendees the event doesn't happen", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00036-00014712-00015063": "uh so i want to really uh express my gratitude to everybody who submitted", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00037-00015063-00015487": "proposals to the call for proposals uh a lot of tough choices were made", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00038-00015487-00015968": "there i want to thank the uh the speakers who got through", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00039-00015968-00016319": "and put in the time and energy to create their presentations and be here with us", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00040-00016319-00016664": "to answer questions from attendees and i", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00041-00016664-00016887": "want to thank the attendees because of course you know", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00042-00016887-00017216": "speaking to an empty room but that's no good for anybody", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00043-00017216-00017776": "um this event has you know for a first year event has just", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00044-00017776-00018184": "blown beyond any expectations i had and really", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00045-00018184-00018495": "it's all thanks to the speakers and attendees who are making this", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00046-00018495-00018751": "who are bringing the important conversations here and really engaging", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00047-00018751-00019176": "in good faith so i want to talk a little bit just to", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00048-00019176-00019376": "set some scenery set the scene a little bit", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00049-00019376-00019728": "uh about where osi is at right now and and what", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00050-00019728-00020026": "what i'm excited about in the coming year and then i'll hand it off", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00051-00020036-00020560": "uh we'll all do some intros you know this year osi is working through", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00052-00020560-00020992": "uh a transformation the second major transformation since it was founded in", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00053-00020992-00021384": "1998. this trans transformation you know maybe", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00054-00021384-00021680": "2020 is the year where it's really culminating", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00055-00021680-00022456": "but this has been years in the making um while the results of the transformation", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00056-00022456-00022944": "we're going through will be an osi with radically improved", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00057-00022944-00023359": "capabilities the process itself is not all that", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00058-00023359-00023615": "radical uh this is a natural part of the", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00059-00023615-00023968": "non-profit sort of organizational development life cycle", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00060-00023968-00024368": "you know we started as a band of self-selected volunteers", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00061-00024368-00024751": "who stood up an organization because they knew that something was needed", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00062-00024751-00025192": "in 2013 the board introduced community elections to make sure that there was", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00063-00025192-00025600": "better representation and help give osi that that that regular", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00064-00025600-00025888": "projection of fresh perspective to make sure that the organization would", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00065-00025888-00026224": "evolve with the community the other key thing that they did in", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00066-00026224-00026704": "2013 we hired patrick our first full-time staff member and at", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00067-00026704-00027016": "that point osi transitioned from being volunteer", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00068-00027016-00027552": "operated to being staff operated but while patrick was at the helm really", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00069-00027552-00028024": "you know in the driver's seat the board and all the volunteers we were", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00070-00028024-00028463": "still backseat driving and we we still are so osi right now", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00071-00028464-00028824": "is a staff operated organization but volunteer driven", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00072-00028824-00029216": "and volunteer supported now the trans the transformation we're going through", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00073-00029272-00029544": "now is to a model where we're going to be", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00074-00029544-00029944": "staff driven and staff operated while the volunteers", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00075-00029944-00030424": "work on supervision and guidance basically", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00076-00030424-00030736": "we don't want to rely so much on volunteer labor labor for core", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00077-00030736-00030983": "operations it's just not sustainable especially not", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00078-00030983-00031336": "in an age when osi needs to really rise to the occasion of", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00079-00031336-00031663": "all the challenges that there are in open source", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00080-00031663-00032112": "anyhow we're not resting on our laurels as we do this self-work", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00081-00032112-00032503": "as an org with stakeholders in over 55 countries with 125", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00082-00032503-00032896": "organizational allies representing hundreds of thousands of people", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00083-00032896-00033368": "we don't get to hit pause we've got the floss desktops for kids program that's", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00084-00033368-00033632": "been operational uh something that's especially near and", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00085-00033632-00034072": "dear to my heart in the wake of the the resurgence of the", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00086-00034072-00034368": "black lives matter movement because the floss desktops for kids", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00087-00034368-00034760": "program not only does it put floss free and open source software in", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00088-00034760-00035175": "the hands of kids you know middle schoolers in below i", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00089-00035175-00035568": "think some high schools as well not only does it put freedoms or", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00090-00035568-00035856": "software in their hands it gives them a computer that they can", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00091-00035856-00036175": "take home you know and they they go through the experience of building that", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00092-00036175-00036680": "computer so there's ownership with it and that program over 50 of the", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00093-00036680-00037175": "beneficiaries of that program are our black indigenous people of color", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00094-00037175-00037600": "uh uh students and and kids and so that's really meaningful", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00095-00037600-00037903": "um we also have the open source technology management program with", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00096-00037903-00038240": "brandeis university that's an educational program we've been", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00097-00038240-00038760": "rolling out in partnership with them pam here has been really busy with", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00098-00038760-00039168": "license review process reform uh we've invested a lot in moderation", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00099-00039168-00039608": "over the last year the standards uh the standards business", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00100-00039608-00040040": "has been very uh keeping us on our toes um i i won't", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00101-00040040-00040360": "speak to that but there's a lot going on in that space as well", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00102-00040360-00040736": "uh we've had atlanta here and and people on the board who are really invested in", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00103-00040736-00041031": "membership doing quarterly affiliate calls that italia started", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00104-00041031-00041463": "a year or two ago and those have really proved a great resource to make sure", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00105-00041463-00041647": "that the community's coming together and", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00106-00041647-00041928": "we're comparing notes and supporting each other", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00107-00041928-00042288": "don't worry i'm about to wrap up lastly we have this", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00108-00042288-00042736": "event too i cannot overstate how important state of the source is for us", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00109-00042736-00043159": "this may be just the first event but i think i would say that this is", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00110-00043159-00043719": "uh really a demarcation line for us you know osi has been i think rightly", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00111-00043719-00044056": "criticized for not being a leading voice in many of the conversations that are", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00112-00044056-00044456": "happening around open source this this is the beginning of us", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00113-00044456-00044824": "changing that ship uh of steering that ship in a different", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00114-00044824-00045191": "direction we want to be a leading voice and we don't want to be the one speaking", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00115-00045191-00045559": "on your behalf all the time we want you to be here we want to bring your voice", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00116-00045559-00045888": "to the table and provide you a platform as well so", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00117-00045888-00046216": "this is really an important event and it's taken a lot of energy to get this", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00118-00046216-00046575": "over the line so i'm very grateful for all that none", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00119-00046575-00046903": "of this would be possible but for my peers here on the board uh", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00120-00046903-00047159": "nor without our staff both past and present", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00121-00047159-00047512": "um again i really want to thank patrick gear", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00122-00047512-00047872": "who is our former general manager but still has a professional relationship", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00123-00047872-00048328": "with us transitioning the organization to a point where we will eventually hire", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00124-00048328-00048847": "someone like an executive director patrick put in seven years", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00125-00048847-00049175": "and let's just say he didn't have 40 hour work", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00126-00049175-00049680": "weeks he had startup hours um and he made a lot of sacrifices", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00127-00049680-00050103": "and just you know nothing that we're doing that would be possible buffer", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00128-00050103-00050359": "patrick we are we are endlessly grateful for him", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00129-00050359-00050712": "uh he will go down in the history books with us um", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00130-00050712-00051087": "and then you know patrick resigned in in july", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00131-00051087-00051471": "uh and just this month we have deb nicholson our new internal general", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00132-00051471-00051936": "manager starting with us and uh we just you know we we", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00133-00051936-00052351": "we couldn't be happier about that and we are so fortunate to have both of these", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00134-00052351-00052704": "these people who served as staff past and present", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00135-00052704-00053072": "um i think the whole community owes them the debt of gratitude", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00136-00053072-00053432": "nobody will ever really understand the full scope of how busy they are and how", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00137-00053432-00053976": "much work we put on their shoulders um so in closing thank you all for being", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00138-00053976-00054488": "here uh i will toss it to uh hong phuc", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00139-00054488-00055000": "or am i tossing it to deb sorry i think everyone was just gonna do a", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00140-00055000-00055416": "quick intro and say their name and uh the we were gonna tell the", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00141-00055416-00055751": "audience to try and think about questions they wanted to ask while those", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00142-00055751-00056272": "intros happened um i've got well going left to right on", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00143-00056272-00056824": "my screen i have chris next but um it has a brief introduction i'm", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00144-00056824-00057304": "chris um uh from the uk uh very nice to me or i", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00145-00057304-00057776": "don't know how long we want to go but yeah hi", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00146-00057776-00058672": "uh deb other deb obviously yes hi i'm deb bryant", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00147-00058791-00059183": "okay um elana", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00148-00059567-00059960": "sorry uh it wouldn't let me unmute i had a little audio disconnect there uh hi", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00149-00059960-00060576": "i'm alana hashman i've been a member of the osi board since april 2019", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00150-00060576-00061160": "and i currently work as a principal site reliability engineer at red hat", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00151-00061191-00061488": "uh faidon", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00152-00061704-00062336": "hello uh my name is faidon um i um i live in greece um i've been uh", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00153-00062336-00062767": "a member of uh of the board of directors since uh", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00154-00062767-00063648": "2018 uh um one of the affiliate seats i professionally i'm engineering i", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00155-00063648-00064127": "work at the wikimedia foundation the non-profit supporting wikipedia", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00156-00064127-00064688": "also an osi affiliate member as a director of engineering there", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00157-00064688-00065120": "and i'm also affiliated with the debian project as well", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00158-00065144-00065400": "hong phuc", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00159-00065639-00066000": "yes so my name is hong phuc dang originally from vietnam", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00160-00066000-00066351": "i joined the board at the same time with elana", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00161-00066351-00066983": "last year april um i'm also associated with FOSSASIA i'm one of", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00162-00066983-00067624": "the founders there yeah that is about me", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00163-00067624-00068480": "great um italo? italo vignoli from italy as my first name says", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00164-00068480-00069304": "i'm involved in the libreoffice project and i think i represent the users", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00165-00069304-00069824": "not being not having any technology background", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00166-00069856-00070239": "um and then we have pam i guess we lost megan again for a minute", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00167-00070239-00070968": "unless she's on just okay pam you're up yup uh i'm pam chestek i also joined the", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00168-00070968-00071304": "board a little over a year ago in april of 2019", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00169-00071304-00071839": "i am a lawyer in private practice in raleigh north carolina", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00170-00071839-00072351": "awesome um do folks from the audience have questions because this is a little", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00171-00072351-00072720": "bit of an AMA if um where you get to ask whatever", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00172-00072720-00073400": "you're wondering about the osi and it's you know plans and", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00173-00073400-00074168": "thoughts um not yet i uh patrick you know", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00174-00074168-00074880": "this is the patrick introduced already oh um patrick did you want to introduce", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00175-00074880-00075312": "yourself i wasn't sure i was going to leave it with the glorious introduction", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00176-00075312-00075592": "that josh did but if you want to also say something that", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00177-00075592-00076224": "would be great i'll uh i'm good josh did a fantastic job thanks", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00178-00076224-00076695": "um how about we hear from deb nicholson on the new gm", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00179-00076695-00077104": "he made me sound better than i normally do when i introduce myself too so", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00180-00077104-00077456": "i i think what we learned is josh is really good at introductions maybe we'll", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00181-00077456-00077792": "just have him introduce everybody next time", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00182-00077792-00078183": "but i am excited to be the new gm and i'm excited to", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00183-00078183-00078816": "patrick's been super great as uh helping on the transition so um and we", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00184-00078816-00079304": "have a question from the audience uh so uh what are the osi's plans", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00185-00079304-00079663": "to address the outreach challenge i talked about yesterday on my", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00186-00079663-00080048": "uh lightning talk jomar do you want to um say", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00187-00080048-00080407": "uh i'm not sure if every single person on today's panel", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00188-00080407-00080760": "was at yesterday's lightning talk do you want to say uh", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00189-00080760-00081072": "one or two things about", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00190-00081112-00081720": "your um what you were what you would like us to speak to on there", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00191-00081895-00082288": "okay oh so many people are typing let's go ahead and take the second question", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00192-00082288-00082688": "and then we'll come back on that one um what's it look like to grow from a", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00193-00082688-00083136": "volunteer organization to a non-profit that is self-sustaining", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00194-00083136-00083480": "who would like to speak to that", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00195-00083832-00084344": "i'll go ahead and jump in oh i see megan's mic is working and i think maybe", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00196-00084344-00084719": "uh she might also be a good person to speak to this point", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00197-00084719-00085080": "sure and just to repeat the question was what is it like to", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00198-00085080-00085432": "kind of evolve your non-profit", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00199-00085504-00086048": "or um i guess more specifically like to grow from a volunteer organization to a", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00200-00086048-00086583": "non-profit that is self-sustaining yes well it's it's you know certainly", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00201-00086583-00086951": "complex because you want to keep the spirit of volunteerism", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00202-00086951-00087495": "but you also want to create a board where they're kind of", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00203-00087495-00087895": "focusing more on this kind of advisory strategic and direction", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00204-00087895-00088312": "and then there's also staff that can then help with the", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00205-00088312-00088607": "strategy and turn it into the operational plans", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00206-00088607-00089176": "and um it requires uh the board making a shift like a very", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00207-00089176-00089512": "intentional shift and really coming up with that that", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00208-00089512-00089751": "strategic direction where they want to go", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00209-00089751-00090183": "and redefining that relationship between the board and staff", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00210-00090183-00090680": "um and what kind of uh staff do you need to start building out to take over some", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00211-00090680-00090960": "of that volunteer work and of course you want to think about", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00212-00090960-00091376": "where there can still be volunteerism so it's not just all on staff as well", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00213-00091376-00091863": "and then as you think about the staffing and the programs that you're going to do", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00214-00091863-00092183": "to really step into the mission of your nonprofit", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00215-00092183-00092600": "you of course need funding to support all of that so as part of that plan you", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00216-00092600-00093032": "need to think about what does sustainable funding look like to", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00217-00093032-00093495": "support this step this growing staff and the programs that you need to do", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00218-00093495-00093919": "and so it's a very multifaceted intentional process", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00219-00093919-00094392": "um to make that shift and um hopefully that kind of gives a little", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00220-00094392-00094944": "insight into some of the things we're working on these days cool", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00221-00094944-00095304": "um the other question the rest of the other question", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00222-00095304-00095719": "was what are the osi's plans to address the outreach challenges", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00223-00095719-00096112": "with regards to people who use open source but don't really understand what", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00224-00096112-00096344": "it is", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00225-00096368-00097344": "i can call on folks or you are so polite who would like to take that one on", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00226-00097583-00098312": "okay i can take it okay okay i think uh there are many", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00227-00098312-00098775": "many issues about this topic", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00228-00098792-00099488": "the users are attracted by open source in many cases", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00229-00099488-00099983": "because it's free free as in beer not free as in", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00230-00099983-00100375": "freedom unfortunately but", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00231-00100375-00101080": "and so they they in many cases they see it", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00232-00101080-00101512": "as a low cost replacement of a proprietary product", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00233-00101512-00101944": "and when they approach open source this way is", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00234-00101944-00102631": "then is very difficult to bring them to the to the right side uh", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00235-00102631-00103016": "either they are very curious uh actually i", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00236-00103016-00103591": "started in open source uh 18 years ago exactly because it was free as in beer", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00237-00103591-00103959": "but then i was amazed by the community and i", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00238-00103959-00104335": "try to understand the community but not everyone", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00239-00104335-00104816": "has this same attitude i think we have a huge responsibility in", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00240-00104816-00105335": "communicating better what open source is", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00241-00105335-00106016": "we should be more united or", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00242-00106016-00106720": "that we we should be a huge community communicating open source in many cases", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00243-00106720-00107072": "we lose a lot of time by discussing between", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00244-00107072-00107576": "different communities i've seen conferences where", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00245-00107576-00108008": "different linux distros were discussing about their merits", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00246-00108008-00108359": "or their demerits in some cases instead of", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00247-00108359-00108800": "convincing the users about moving to any one", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00248-00108800-00109144": "of the linux distros instead of using windows or", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00249-00109144-00109791": "macintosh i think we have as osi we have a huge responsibility in", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00250-00109791-00110120": "leading this kind of", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00251-00110176-00110864": "proactive and educational communication to the users it's not easy uh users are", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00252-00110864-00111255": "so many and are so scattered around that", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00253-00111255-00111832": "reaching them all it's practically impossible but everyone", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00254-00111832-00112591": "who's supporting open source should back osi and not only osi of course", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00255-00112591-00113352": "in promoting open source horizontally not just my open source product or my", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00256-00113352-00113711": "open source technology but open source in general", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00257-00113711-00114120": "and then once the users has been educated then", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00258-00114120-00114559": "they will make their choice and i think we should be happy about any", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00259-00114559-00115264": "choice which is really open source i'm of course i'm one of the", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00260-00115264-00115552": "founders of the libreoffice project so of course", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00261-00115552-00115855": "if everyone would use libreoffice i would be", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00262-00115855-00116424": "the most happy person in the world but i know that this is impossible so", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00263-00116424-00117008": "i would like them to use an open source productivity software then", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00264-00117008-00117408": "if it's libreoffice i'm happy if it's not libreoffice i'm happy as", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00265-00117408-00117767": "well they should learn about open standards", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00266-00117767-00118096": "we oh we have a question about standards", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00267-00118096-00118767": "coming so so that is my take on the topic", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00268-00118767-00119535": "so yeah solidarity and better communication with the community and", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00269-00119535-00120040": "education that's that's awesome there is", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00270-00120040-00120367": "another question about standards if we want to just jump off from the end there", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00271-00120367-00120959": "so this person says josh mentioned interesting times with standards", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00272-00120959-00121359": "activities obviously this is interesting to us standards people too", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00273-00121359-00121672": "does the board or some of the active stakeholders have", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00274-00121672-00122183": "plans for the osr", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00275-00122248-00122655": "i don't know if josh you want to start there since um you you sort of dropped", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00276-00122655-00123120": "the interesting standards in i mean interesting times on the", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00277-00123120-00123503": "standards activity can i just ask for a clarification on", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00278-00123503-00123920": "what osr stands for oh yeah what does osr stand for that's", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00279-00123920-00124391": "jamie from oasis oh there we go oh hi jamie oh does that", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00280-00124391-00124808": "answer what who then", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00281-00124808-00125303": "no what is osr i'm sorry oh yeah okay i said know this but", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00282-00125303-00126367": "um there's a lot of o's and like oh acronyms in our space i think um", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00283-00126367-00126952": "ah okay thank you alana so the open standards requirement", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00284-00126967-00127464": "being uh on maybe i shouldn't be answering this question then i", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00285-00127464-00127840": "was hoping i could answer the question but i think i maybe don't understand the", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00286-00127840-00128128": "question i don't know deb if if you have if", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00287-00128128-00128328": "you're understanding the question better than i am", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00288-00128328-00128783": "uh i don't think so the other day oh the other deb might yes sorry", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00289-00128783-00129232": "oh that is gonna see it'd be better if one of us was tall", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00290-00129232-00129824": "so so just a clarifying question so are you asking a question about how we", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00291-00129824-00130120": "relate to the implementation i'm not sure what", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00292-00130120-00130440": "the use case is so i think they want to know if we have", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00293-00130440-00130864": "plans for the open standards requirement", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00294-00130872-00131600": "to to incorporate it into so so we so osi is traditionally focused on", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00295-00131600-00131936": "the osd we've talked about other things like", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00296-00131936-00132608": "open data standards and such in the past but really our main charter is open", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00297-00132608-00132848": "source software and open source licensing", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00298-00132848-00133232": "there's a tremendously important relationship between", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00299-00133232-00133552": "open source software and open standards in fact you really can't have open", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00300-00133552-00134088": "source software without open standards but we don't currently have any plans to", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00301-00134088-00134552": "incorporate that into our own standard if that makes sense that's a", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00302-00134552-00135296": "companion standard and an initiative so to speak", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00303-00135296-00135791": "that that's complementary but i if i understand the question we don't have", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00304-00135791-00136176": "any plans to to write it into part of our charter that makes sense i think", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00305-00136176-00136479": "that's well covered by organizations like oasis", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00306-00136479-00136976": "and other standards organization we do have an increasingly active", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00307-00136976-00137376": "standards organization we're doing quite a bit today in in europe", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00308-00137376-00137736": "you're going to probably see more outreach uh pam", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00309-00137736-00138120": "is the chair of our standards commission committee which is why she was brave", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00310-00138120-00138488": "enough to ask the clarifying question because we all want to make sure we", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00311-00138488-00138920": "understand what's being asked uh and i and we're looking forward to", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00312-00138920-00139215": "that we think that's both an opportunity for education", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00313-00139215-00139584": "it's also turning into a bit of a battlefield", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00314-00139584-00139920": "so to speak i i use that term in terms of", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00315-00139920-00140279": "conflict of concepts between proprietary", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00316-00140279-00140652": "vendors and the standards are creating in areas like", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00317-00140652-00141000": "telecommunications for instance and etsy in europe", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00318-00141000-00141303": "and so it's really it's an important place for", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00319-00141303-00141608": "open source to be able to influence to make sure", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00320-00141608-00142000": "we don't accidentally have open source redefined in the industry", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00321-00142000-00142344": "and also continue to educate so i hope that's helpful", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00322-00142344-00142903": "to addressing the question so someone i'm assuming jamie threw a link", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00323-00142903-00143367": "in the notes which is osi's", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00324-00143367-00143688": "the os has our own webpage on open standards requirements which", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00325-00143688-00144191": "i frankly had never seen before it looks like it's from 2000 this 2006 page", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00326-00144191-00144672": "so uh one sort of one of the interesting aspects of uh historic websites", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00327-00144672-00145112": "so just to sort of defy the statement if we're not", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00328-00145112-00145567": "interested in open standards requirement i will point out we have a page about it", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00329-00145567-00146015": "but i think as what deb did a good job of summarizing what joshua was", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00330-00146015-00146391": "alluding to in his opening remarks is where we're currently spending a lot of", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00331-00146391-00146936": "energy and effort is ensuring that um standard setting bodies", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00332-00146936-00147424": "are not trying to basically play with the definition of open source", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00333-00147424-00147808": "in a way that's going to be harmful to the open source definition or", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00334-00147808-00148120": "the open source ecosystem as a whole or the development of open source", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00335-00148120-00148391": "software so there's a lot there's some tension there and", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00336-00148391-00148927": "we're working to try to make sure that nothing untoward happens", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00337-00149000-00149448": "great i think this one hopefully won't need too much clarification", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00338-00149448-00149800": "we have a question from justin fleury about", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00339-00149800-00150103": "affiliate membership has three different options non-profit", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00340-00150103-00150615": "education and user community is the room for organizations that do not fit these", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00341-00150615-00151312": "organizational archetypes and he says eg NGOs and UN agencies", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00342-00151312-00151640": "so i think i guess we know where that question is coming from", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00343-00151640-00152015": "yeah i can maybe take that one as a membership chair", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00344-00152015-00152344": "and currently processing affiliate memberships and", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00345-00152344-00152679": "certainly recruiting a lot of affiliates so", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00346-00152679-00153096": "i mean as far as we're concerned you know i would say like NGOs", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00347-00153096-00153455": "would tend to fit under sort of the non-profit banner now", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00348-00153455-00153800": "they're not necessarily they might not necessarily have like", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00349-00153800-00154179": "the government recognized non-profit status in the like", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00350-00154179-00154696": "501cc or three or 501c6 sense but that's not necessarily an issue", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00351-00154696-00155136": "like those categories are mostly more in terms of like", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00352-00155136-00155655": "basic checklists for certain archetypes of organizations as opposed to", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00353-00155655-00156152": "our affiliate program is only aimed at like these three types of organizations", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00354-00156152-00156496": "and if you're not one of those but you're vaguely like a non-profit in", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00355-00156496-00156776": "some sense we don't want you no we certainly want you", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00356-00156776-00157144": "and you know if the checklist does not fit the organization", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00357-00157144-00157544": "reach out with the affiliate contact form and we can certainly work with", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00358-00157544-00157896": "you to make sure like are you you know compatible with", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00359-00157896-00158344": "the spirit of these requirements and if so like how do we get you on", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00360-00158344-00158655": "board certainly one of the things that i've been working on", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00361-00158655-00159272": "is expanding the affiliate membership and there's actually uh deb in the", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00362-00159272-00159688": "questions  question six is maybe a good segue", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00363-00159688-00159927": "for this one do you want me to jump into", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00364-00159927-00160424": "talking about that one too sure question six says based on our", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00365-00160424-00160736": "previous talk has the osi thought of how to", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00366-00160736-00161248": "leverage your strength with open source allies to find out what", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00367-00161248-00161688": "are the issues that projects are having challenges engaging and onboarding new", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00368-00161688-00162079": "users so as to find a lowest common denominator and help keep those projects", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00369-00162079-00162536": "thriving yes so one of the things that i did", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00370-00162536-00162896": "recently was i ran a member survey so specifically", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00371-00162896-00163455": "targeted at our stakeholders who are either affiliate or individual members", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00372-00163455-00163808": "and asking for a bunch of feedback on a bunch of different things", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00373-00163808-00164303": "in terms of like long-form questions and one of the questions i asked is", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00374-00164303-00164784": "you know what do you think like the osi secret sauce is what do you", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00375-00164784-00165079": "think the osi is uniquely positioned to address that", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00376-00165079-00165584": "maybe other organizations are not and one of the things that we heard from", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00377-00165584-00165927": "that particular portion of our membership was the osi is", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00378-00165927-00166255": "in this unique position where it kind of represents a broad", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00379-00166255-00166703": "coalition of interests and therefore could potentially serve", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00380-00166703-00166976": "as sort of a staging ground for a lot of", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00381-00166976-00167200": "these conversations that we need to be having", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00382-00167200-00167536": "so certainly like i think state of the source conference", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00383-00167536-00168032": "is potentially a great example of one of the ways that the osi can help", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00384-00168032-00168472": "lead and foster those conversations another thing that we are currently", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00385-00168472-00168879": "doing specifically through the affiliate membership program", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00386-00168879-00169191": "which is sort of designed to bring together like", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00387-00169191-00169608": "user groups and foundations and other organizations", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00388-00169608-00170120": "like that italo took a gap year from the board but one of the things he", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00389-00170120-00170664": "did before his departure was he ran one quarterly affiliate call which", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00390-00170664-00171144": "then i have taken over and says since then i've run a number of quarterly", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00391-00171144-00171424": "affiliate calls where we bring all the affiliates together", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00392-00171424-00171791": "giving them an opportunity to cross-pollinate", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00393-00171791-00172336": "and discuss you know sort of recent topics of interest so we've", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00394-00172336-00172791": "certainly discussed events in the era of the global pandemic", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00395-00172791-00173136": "and open source sustainability and you know", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00396-00173136-00173503": "like putting out rfps in order to find staff or", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00397-00173503-00174039": "volunteers like we've covered many many subjects and i'm hoping that", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00398-00174039-00174439": "that is going to continue to be a forum for this in the future and we", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00399-00174439-00174776": "continue to increase our engagement with these", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00400-00174776-00175088": "sorts of organizations but hopefully that answers your", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00401-00175088-00175560": "question awesome i'm jumping around a little", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00402-00175560-00175976": "bit because some of these are i want to make sure that we get like", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00403-00175976-00176232": "as much breadth as possible so i'm going to", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00404-00176232-00176744": "go to the eighth one on there and then we'll loop back around someone", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00405-00176744-00177184": "says i am worried that the shift towards a self-centered organization will result", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00406-00177184-00177608": "in osi becoming even more dominated by corporates with", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00407-00177608-00177944": "financial resources rather than independent developers and community", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00408-00177944-00178200": "contributors most of the board members seem to be", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00409-00178200-00178503": "representatives from american corporations which are not always", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00410-00178503-00178888": "completely dedicated to open source how can we ensure more diverse and", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00411-00178888-00179303": "international community representation on the", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00412-00179344-00179655": "i'll board take that one and i'm really glad that somebody asked the", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00413-00179655-00179952": "question because that's you know that's that's an important", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00414-00179952-00180527": "subtext to be sensitive to and aware of first i just want to share a little", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00415-00180527-00180815": "bit about my my my background you know i got into", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00416-00180815-00181144": "open source through being a a web developer a", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00417-00181144-00181520": "freelancer in fact and i was a freelancer using and", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00418-00181520-00181944": "benefiting from open source for for well over a decade before", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00419-00181944-00182344": "i entered  shall we say corporate america and so", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00420-00182344-00182712": "i can never forget what it was like to", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00421-00182712-00183024": "be a hobbyist and an independent", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00422-00183024-00183376": "contractor who really relied on open source so i have", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00423-00183376-00183920": "that perspective in the back of my head at all times also just philosophically", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00424-00183920-00184336": "i'm very taken by the software freedom movement", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00425-00184336-00184688": "and so that's always a perspective as well", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00426-00184688-00185096": "you know when i first ran for the board in 2016 i just want to", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00427-00185096-00185424": "share one line you know in my platform said", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00428-00185424-00185839": "there's a vision for open source and it emphatically emphasizes the role of the", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00429-00185839-00186208": "individual open source committer in the face of corporate funded foundations", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00430-00186208-00186520": "that sometimes distort the true spirit of open source", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00431-00186520-00186784": "now maybe that is a little bit provocative but you know that's", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00432-00186784-00187239": "what election platforms are for but that's still true today you know the", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00433-00187239-00187720": "thing that osi really does that is more important than", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00434-00187720-00187984": "that is so essential to fulfilling its mission", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00435-00187984-00188400": "is being a convener of different stakeholders and being a convener", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00436-00188400-00188784": "of stakeholders that can level a playing field as best possible", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00437-00188784-00189296": "so that nobody is disadvantaged in these discussions", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00438-00189296-00189639": "and so that means bringing together you know", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00439-00189639-00189951": "people from from the software freedom communities", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00440-00189951-00190351": "people from corporate open source hobbyists who are involved in open", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00441-00190351-00190639": "source humanitarian and sort of", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00442-00190639-00190888": "non-profit foundations in their use of open source", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00443-00190888-00191176": "you know all of these are really essential stakeholders for us to have at", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00444-00191176-00191608": "the table and this is why", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00445-00191608-00191944": "you know again there's a lot that is u.s. specific and i think we're very", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00446-00191944-00192191": "self-aware of that and over the last four years", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00447-00192191-00192576": "we've made intentional efforts to build out representation more or", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00448-00192576-00192872": "internationally and if you look at the the affiliate", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00449-00192872-00193120": "members that we've been recruiting you'll see that reflected", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00450-00193120-00193512": "you know it's not just talk we're walking that walk", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00451-00193512-00193815": "and so not only are we making intentional efforts to improve", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00452-00193815-00194327": "representation globally but we are also looking to deploy", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00453-00194327-00194672": "sort of new vehicles that will provide official forums for", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00454-00194672-00194991": "the community to come together and have these discussions", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00455-00194991-00195344": "so for instance many people are familiar with our license review and license", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00456-00195344-00195800": "discuss lists but suffice it to say not every", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00457-00195800-00196079": "discussion belongs there there are other really valid and", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00458-00196079-00196344": "important conversation to be having about open source that don't", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00459-00196344-00196679": "neatly fit into licensing and we would like to provide a forum for those", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00460-00196679-00196896": "discussions so some of the things that we're", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00461-00196896-00197103": "thinking about not only are we going to be", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00462-00197103-00197432": "hiring more staff and specifically looking at hiring someone like an", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00463-00197432-00197848": "executive director in the in the future we're also looking at hiring a community", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00464-00197848-00198200": "manager and a communications manager to help us support a community", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00465-00198200-00198620": "engagement infrastructure that will help make sure that we", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00466-00198620-00199144": "systematically listen to everyone everyone", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00467-00199144-00199464": "and that we are not giving undue influence to", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00468-00199464-00199903": "to corporate sponsors and i think one thing that's really important", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00469-00199903-00200167": "to mention you know not only are we going to be", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00470-00200167-00200408": "we're making investments to make sure that", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00471-00200408-00201424": "we can in a systematic way make sure that there's representation but there's something that is important about the very dna of open", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00472-00201424-00201944": "source initiative osi is a 501c3 nonprofit in the u.s.", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00473-00201944-00202351": "now that may be just a series of letters and numbers to some folks", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00474-00202351-00202784": "but for folks like me who unfortunately have an intimate knowledge of the us tax", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00475-00202784-00203160": "code that is very meaningful you know there", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00476-00203160-00203608": "are many foundations non-profits out there who are 501 c 6", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00477-00203608-00203976": "organizations and the difference between c3 and c6", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00478-00203976-00204320": "is not crystal clear but there's one very", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00479-00204320-00204639": "bright dividing line and it's really important and i want to mention this and", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00480-00204639-00205232": "i hope that it sticks with you osi as a 501c3 nonprofit", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00481-00205232-00205607": "is required to act in the public interest", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00482-00205607-00206023": "is not allowed to do the bidding of our corporate sponsors", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00483-00206023-00206359": "yes we can treat them as a stakeholder and we can fold their feedback and their", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00484-00206359-00206680": "views into into the work that", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00485-00206680-00207111": "we do but this is not a pay to play scheme we", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00486-00207111-00207535": "are legally required or legally prohibited", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00487-00207535-00207952": "from being a pay-to-play scheme so just know that we're both", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00488-00207952-00208463": "operationalizing things to again systematically listen to everybody", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00489-00208463-00208759": "and make sure everybody has a platform and a way to be heard", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00490-00208759-00209223": "but there's also a legal backstop for us there's that legal protection that", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00491-00209223-00209576": "that really ties our hands in the things that we can and cannot do", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00492-00209576-00210096": "so you know i can make all the i can say all these things i can assure you", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00493-00210096-00210464": "that there's that legal backstop but i also want to say like please keep", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00494-00210464-00210871": "asking that question never stop asking that question because", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00495-00210871-00211183": "i won't always be on the board and these people won't always be on the", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00496-00211183-00211528": "board and so the makeup of this organization will change over time", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00497-00211528-00211880": "and so we need you to continue holding us to account", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00498-00211880-00212216": "as much as we are also working to hold ourselves to account", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00499-00212216-00212648": "so keep grilling us and thank you for the tough question", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00500-00212648-00213288": "so it's safe to say we'll have AMA again next year at state of the source", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00501-00213376-00213719": "yeah please just i wanted to specifically address the comment", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00502-00213719-00214000": "especially because i think i did a bad job introducing myself", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00503-00214000-00214288": "most of the board members seem to be representatives from american", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00504-00214288-00214671": "corporations which are not always completely dedicated to open source", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00505-00214671-00215096": "so four of the people on this current panel are actually based in", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00506-00215096-00215416": "europe  i'm canadian not american not that", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00507-00215416-00215776": "necessarily matters but i introduced myself as being an sre", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00508-00215776-00216152": "from red hat because there is a legal requirement to do so being a publicly", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00509-00216152-00216407": "owned company not because they are my primary", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00510-00216407-00216888": "affiliation so just to speak a little bit to how like the osi elections work", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00511-00216888-00217288": "i did not work at red hat at the time when i ran for the board i ran as an", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00512-00217288-00217559": "individual while i was currently working at another", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00513-00217559-00218023": "company and i ran on behalf of the individual membership so my job on the", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00514-00218023-00218352": "board is to you know represent their interests", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00515-00218352-00218711": "i'm currently the membership chair which means the majority of", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00516-00218711-00219032": "my activities on the board right now at least for me", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00517-00219032-00219359": "personally are dedicated to advancing the interest", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00518-00219359-00219664": "of the individual and affiliate membership not", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00519-00219664-00220000": "my employer my employer is very supportive of me", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00520-00220000-00220367": "being on the board which is great but that is", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00521-00220367-00220823": "certainly not my reason to be on the board it's not part of my day job", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00522-00220823-00221296": "and it's not part of my goals for my term in the osi", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00523-00221296-00222152": "and i suspect a lot of other folks on the board it's very similar for them  but i think probably the majority of people on this panel are not", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00524-00222152-00222448": "necessarily in that position where they're working for an american", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00525-00222448-00222896": "for-profit company well in particular well faidon actually", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00526-00222896-00223207": "pinged me on back too and he does work at a", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00527-00223207-00223511": "non-profit so maybe he'd like to speak to that too", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00528-00223511-00223935": "i'll get you next time  so i think what what that", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00529-00223935-00224304": "elana is saying it was just just saying as well for for the", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00530-00224304-00224656": "for the c3 report is that the board of the osi doesn't have representatives", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00531-00224656-00225528": "right we are we are members of the board  of a public charity  we're not representing anyone with our", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00532-00225528-00225959": "position here even if we're i was an affiliate i was nominated by another", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00533-00225959-00226448": "affiliate and elected as such on a seat but", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00534-00226448-00226767": "i'm not representing the wikimedia foundation and my duties", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00535-00226767-00227216": "to the board of directors of the osi the other part i would like to mention to", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00536-00227216-00227511": "the to the substance of the question of our", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00537-00227511-00228007": "direction to a staff board i think this would actually make", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00538-00228007-00228335": "it easier for volunteers to be in the board because they won't", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00539-00228335-00228719": "have to you know the current arrangement is at the board", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00540-00228719-00228992": "in different degrees for each of us is a", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00541-00228992-00229471": "working board right like we're doing work as part of our", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00542-00229471-00229856": "participation in the board of directors i'm one of the", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00543-00229856-00230200": "people who do less work compared to some of my peers i think", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00544-00230200-00230888": "it's challenging for for someone that is perhaps another day", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00545-00230888-00231200": "job to also be in this board and do work for it if we're", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00546-00231200-00231776": "an organization that's  relies more on the staff to do the work", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00547-00231776-00232207": "and the volunteers on the board there to provide strategy and direction", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00548-00232207-00232616": "and oversight then i think it will become if", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00549-00232616-00232983": "even easier for more volunteers to be part of the sport", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00550-00232983-00233352": "more people that are not do not have open source in their", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00551-00233352-00233759": "day job they're not working full-time as a community manager for company or an", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00552-00233759-00234423": "open source role um deb did you want to follow up yeah", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00553-00234423-00234656": "very very briefly to go to another question", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00554-00234656-00235023": "Faidon i'm glad you explained that this is not a", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00555-00235023-00235471": "representative board that if a person happens to work for a", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00556-00235471-00235728": "company they don't represent that company it's", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00557-00235728-00236144": "very very distinct not unlike the apache foundation where", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00558-00236144-00236423": "anyone who on the other the apache foundation board", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00559-00236423-00236807": "doesn't is not they're not representing an employer they may have", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00560-00236807-00237192": "i have a really long view i wanted to mention just to give you a final", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00561-00237192-00237528": "perspective on corporate contribution and", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00562-00237528-00238144": "influence in my history of the board goes back to about 2007", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00563-00238144-00238600": "i was involved in our first wave of governance reform", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00564-00238600-00239064": "before we had any member any membership before we did any elections and we went", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00565-00239064-00239552": "to our corporate sponsors we had actually one", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00566-00239552-00240023": "they were surprised to find out which would have been ibm for 10 years", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00567-00240023-00240359": "and as we started talking to corporate sponsors about participating", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00568-00240359-00240696": "we had originally intended for them to have a seat and", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00569-00240696-00241031": "uniformly said no we don't want to be involved", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00570-00241031-00241407": "in governance for osi what we want is for osi", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00571-00241407-00241816": "to do their job to make sure the ecosystem is", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00572-00241816-00242311": "protected that the osd is defended that we can rely on open source licenses", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00573-00242311-00242616": "that's really what we need from you we need you guys to do that", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00574-00242616-00242928": "so really important to understand that relationship because i do", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00575-00242928-00243240": "i understand the express concern about corporate influence", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00576-00243240-00243648": "that's always important with nonprofits but that's been the history and the", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00577-00243648-00244048": "experience we've had with corporate participation to date", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00578-00244048-00244528": "with osi excellent and you can always spread", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00579-00244528-00244807": "it out by donating more as an individual if you", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00580-00244807-00245256": "like we won't stop you let's go ahead this was a lot of", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00581-00245256-00245552": "internal i have a we skipped over a question that's a", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00582-00245552-00246000": "little bit more external  as osi refocuses where do you see the", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00583-00246000-00246423": "org fitting in with the larger ecosystem of floss related orgs", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00584-00246423-00246831": "and then it says related to that is marketing the concept of open source", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00585-00246831-00247296": "the best use of time versus a license focus license focus or something else", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00586-00247296-00247680": "can other orgs be allies in marketing the concept", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00587-00247680-00248304": "of open source i assume does anyone want to speak yeah josh", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00588-00248304-00248696": "i'll just start with this one real briefly so part of the work", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00589-00248696-00248952": "that we're doing right now is not just sort of governance reform and", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00590-00248952-00249335": "operationalizing things but we're also setting strategy because for", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00591-00249335-00249559": "a while osi has been sort of a year-to-year", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00592-00249559-00249896": "strategy setting organization and we found that", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00593-00249896-00250392": "is frankly been inadequate in preparing us to rise to the challenges that we", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00594-00250392-00250816": "face and so we're undertaking a multi-year", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00595-00250816-00251200": "planning process and strategy setting process and so", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00596-00251200-00251696": "while that's in flight i can't give you terribly specific answers on this note", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00597-00251696-00252080": "but i think there's at least one general thing that i can i can safely say", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00598-00252080-00252440": "which is that our affiliate the affiliate membership program", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00599-00252440-00252800": "was really spun up with this in mind", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00600-00252800-00253480": "with the idea that you know osi derives it's power", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00601-00253480-00253967": "its influence you know only through the consent of the community that we serve", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00602-00253967-00254431": "and only through you know the alliance with with all of these people who share", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00603-00254431-00254752": "an understanding of the open source definition", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00604-00254752-00255383": "and so i expect that working with our affiliate members and", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00605-00255383-00255600": "people who aren't yet our affiliate members", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00606-00255600-00256007": "just or other organizations generally is absolutely going to be", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00607-00256007-00256607": "core to how we proceed because while we can we are certainly", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00608-00256607-00256896": "working to improve our capabilities and do more", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00609-00256896-00257328": "we can never do everything and frankly it doesn't make sense for osi to", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00610-00257328-00257631": "do everything and so where we find that there are", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00611-00257631-00258088": "organizations that are allied who have a core", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00612-00258088-00258664": "a specialization in an area you know we would love to support them in network", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00613-00258664-00259000": "and not only have osi support them but rally the rest", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00614-00259000-00259407": "of our allies to support them as well yeah i've got this this lovely scarf", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00615-00259407-00259888": "back here it says floss united thank you molly leblanc and all the", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00616-00259888-00260104": "other folks who had a hand in crafting that", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00617-00260104-00260519": "and that was a a piece of swag that was a joint fundraising drive for", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00618-00260519-00261111": "software freedom conservancy open source initiative see there's patrick's", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00619-00261128-00261511": "and also for the free software foundation and i think", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00620-00261511-00261848": "that's emblematic of where we want to go we want", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00621-00261848-00262400": "to move together as a community of of individuals and organizations", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00622-00262400-00262928": "and marketing the the the benefits of open source and the", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00623-00262928-00263240": "meaning of open source that's definitely gonna be part of it", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00624-00263240-00263759": "but it's hard to say what that whole tool box looks like at this moment", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00625-00263759-00264152": "but i can assure you that we're gonna look to be a partner", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00626-00264152-00264680": "with the whole ecosystem as we endeavor and to take on this work", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00627-00264680-00265056": "and i'm not sure if anyone wants to speak to this but i know that", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00628-00265056-00265359": "since floss united there's been a push from", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00629-00265359-00265744": "within the board to not only partner with other u.s", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00630-00265744-00266096": "free software organizations but to partner more internationally i don't", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00631-00266096-00266496": "know if anyone wants to speak to some of that work", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00632-00266672-00267007": "or just take my word for it can i ask patrick to", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00633-00267007-00267511": "talk a little bit about our relationship with the free software foundation europe", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00634-00267511-00267783": "oh yeah", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00635-00267840-00268231": "you didn't think you're going to get out without answering anything did you", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00636-00268231-00268928": "well yeah i feel a little awkward yeah so yes the fsfe", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00637-00268928-00269376": "and the osi have been working together", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00638-00269376-00269704": "on a few initiatives now i'm trying to remember maybe three", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00639-00269704-00270296": "four years of activities  gosh some of them include things like", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00640-00270296-00270848": "public dollars public code", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00641-00270848-00271511": "issues around standards we we sent deb and pam over to", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00642-00271511-00271816": "participate in the discussions that were happening around", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00643-00271816-00272296": "standards in brussels i know i believe", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00644-00272296-00272992": "italo is also working with the fsfe kde which is has a big", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00645-00272992-00273607": "group obviously based in germany we've been working with them so", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00646-00273607-00274135": "trying to reach out with  to other organizations to leverage", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00647-00274135-00274496": "their expertise their communities their activities", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00648-00274496-00274888": "you know there's sort of a saying that while i was at the osi", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00649-00274888-00275296": "sort of more joiners and fewer starters and so i think that", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00650-00275296-00275807": "that attitude has always been one of the driving forces behind the affiliate", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00651-00275807-00276311": "program in order to find partners that we can do things with", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00652-00276311-00276968": "complement one another so matthias and i have been", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00653-00276968-00277344": "working quite a bit on a few things whether conference events", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00654-00277344-00277831": "the you have to forgive me it's been like a month", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00655-00277831-00278304": "of me not thinking much about the open source initiative but", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00656-00278304-00278720": "the conference in bolzano every year we participate in", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00657-00278720-00279056": "which led to all sorts of partnerships that's where the", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00658-00279056-00279456": "fuss community came from the italian schools", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00659-00279456-00279807": "so yeah i think there's a lot of opportunities that exist", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00660-00279807-00280207": "and the challenge with the osi has always been", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00661-00280207-00280559": "do we have enough resources to take advantage do have enough", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00662-00280559-00280935": "internal resources to take advantage of all the opportunities that are out there", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00663-00280935-00281200": "that's always been the challenge i would open", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00664-00281200-00281768": "my email every day with so many energetic", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00665-00281768-00282304": "interesting important projects being offered hey can we get help with", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00666-00282304-00282528": "this oh we see you're doing this we like to participate", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00667-00282528-00282952": "and i just we just didn't have the capacity to take that on", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00668-00282952-00283383": "i think what the osi board is doing now by", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00669-00283383-00283696": "by honing itself in order to take advantage of these", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00670-00283696-00284159": "opportunities is really the next level that has to happen because", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00671-00284159-00284511": "it's not for lack of interest on the osi's part it's for", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00672-00284511-00285031": "lack of resources and people to be able to respond in that way so", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00673-00285031-00285576": "i know that the osi not only would love to but has the opportunity to take", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00674-00285576-00285928": "to work with all these different groups not just in europe we have", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00675-00285928-00286504": "outreach to asia african organizations are more and more involved", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00676-00286504-00287040": "in our affiliate groups now and it's just a shame that", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00677-00287040-00287424": "all the potential that's there can't be realized", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00678-00287424-00288120": "and i applaud just i'm still a member so um i applaud the work that they're", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00679-00288120-00288359": "doing to take advantage of these operators and", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00680-00288359-00288631": "recognize that that is a gap that needs to be filled", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00681-00288631-00289111": "sorry blabbed on... that was fabulous and i'll just i'll just briefly add", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00682-00289111-00289544": "concretely you know in the last year and a half we have i think actually two", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00683-00289544-00289968": "years we've added uh fossasia linux australia", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00684-00289968-00290328": "and open source community africa to  to our affiliates", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00685-00290328-00290744": "so just an example of how we are making really deliberate efforts to", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00686-00290744-00291088": "increase international representation excellent", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00687-00291088-00291488": "yeah so go ahead yes i also want to actually", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00688-00291488-00291864": "we make a lot of efforts to to connect with the community in asia", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00689-00291864-00292255": "and in africa as patrick says so i also like represent osi", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00690-00292255-00292735": "in different user groups in southeast asia if you ever want to be", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00691-00292735-00293080": "to get connected with the osi please contact me", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00692-00293080-00293528": "if you are outside there in asia and i just want to mention to deb that i", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00693-00293528-00293952": "think we could take number five because i", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00694-00293952-00294264": "think that there's also some similar question to number five", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00695-00294264-00294904": "asking how a new members could support this growing", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00696-00294904-00295255": "community and they asked for different answers from the board", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00697-00295255-00295752": "so we only have about five minutes so maybe it's a good question to to get the", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00698-00295752-00296144": "input from all the members of the board here  that's a great suggestion", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00699-00296144-00296455": "so the question is what's one tip you", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00700-00296455-00296840": "have for new osi members who are actively looking to support this growing", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00701-00296840-00297048": "community and it would be great to get answers", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00702-00297048-00297559": "from different members so just one tip and then we're going to wrap it up", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00703-00297559-00297776": "hong phuc you put it out there do you want to go first", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00704-00297776-00298424": "yes i can go first so", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00705-00298424-00298952": "this so if you work for a company or an organization so try to promote", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00706-00298952-00299376": "open source they use open source contribute to open source from your", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00707-00299376-00300224": "perspective wherever you are  anyone else with one tip for", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00708-00300224-00300824": "new folks chris go ahead well one way to contribute to the osi is to", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00709-00300824-00301231": "through the affiliates so if you if you know a particular affiliate but it's", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00710-00301231-00301544": "particularly aligns with your interests or in your particular geographic area", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00711-00301544-00301992": "freezing you know open uk for example or fossasia i mean contributing to", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00712-00301992-00302183": "that not only contributed to open source in", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00713-00302183-00302592": "general and all the great things that come with that but", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00714-00302592-00302880": "also it you know it sort of follows up to", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00715-00302880-00303207": "to osi itself so yeah so through the affiliates", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00716-00303207-00303496": "is is my tip", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00717-00303728-00304352": "elana maybe oh calling on me on this one i", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00718-00304352-00304640": "definitely want to echo what chris said i think there's a bunch of us on the", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00719-00304640-00305064": "board who are all, for example, affiliated uh with the debian project", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00720-00305064-00305407": "and like obviously my my service on the osi", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00721-00305407-00305711": "board is my contribution to osi but it's not my", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00722-00305711-00306031": "only contribution to the open source ecosystem", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00723-00306031-00306464": "i'm on the debian technical committee and i maintain lots of packages and", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00724-00306464-00306855": "debian i am a sig lead in the kubernetes", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00725-00306855-00307296": "project and i kind of consider that like all you know to be relevant like just", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00726-00307296-00307759": "being a good open source citizen and", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00727-00307759-00308111": "contributing to community in the best way you can whether that's you know", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00728-00308111-00308680": "volunteering to help organize events or to like write code write", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00729-00308680-00309144": "documentation do graphic design help with triage and project", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00730-00309144-00309440": "management like there's so many ways that you can get involved", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00731-00309440-00309880": "and like i'm always of the fan when people are like how do i get involved in", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00732-00309880-00310192": "open source or this particular project or something like that i say well what", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00733-00310192-00310472": "do you care about you know what do you want to improve", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00734-00310472-00310920": "what do you have a stake in go in that direction and that sort", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00735-00310920-00311207": "of drove me to join the osi board because i said", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00736-00311207-00311559": "well i have a stake in this because you know i think that the organization", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00737-00311559-00311983": "could be performing better it's not performing up to its potential it in", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00738-00311983-00312240": "theory like you know represents this huge", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00739-00312240-00312688": "breadth of stakeholders and right now it's very focused in its", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00740-00312688-00313016": "in in who it engages with and its", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00741-00313016-00313328": "activities so how can we improve that how can we", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00742-00313328-00313600": "broaden that what would my strategy be as a board", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00743-00313600-00313896": "member to do that so i mean obviously you don't have to", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00744-00313896-00314296": "join the board but i'd be thrilled if you ran", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00745-00314359-00314959": "so i'm going to make the suggestion without vetting it with deb there first", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00746-00314959-00315264": "but if you want to engage more with osi and", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00747-00315264-00315544": "you're not sure how to get started there are a number of things that aren't as", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00748-00315544-00315928": "apparent so as an example we have a public policy working group", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00749-00315928-00316280": "meaning that's just a list right now that we need to you know grow into a", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00750-00316280-00316688": "more active group so my suggestion is write down what you're passionate about", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00751-00316688-00316911": "what your skills are what your interests are", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00752-00316911-00317311": "send an email to deb nicholson and say when you're ready", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00753-00317311-00317624": "i'd like you to tell me what my opportunity might be to volunteer", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00754-00317624-00317983": "or what else already exists that i can latch onto", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00755-00317983-00318464": "so keep that in mind maybe a shortcut to really matching up the thing that you", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00756-00318464-00318935": "you can do yourself and we might find something for you here inside the", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00757-00318935-00319344": "organization or i might say that your best", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00758-00319344-00319783": "bet is to work on getting more open source and use at your company", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00759-00319783-00320152": "and your day job and you know getting your", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00760-00320152-00320528": "your company to be a good open source citizen to borrow elana's", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00761-00320528-00320935": "phrasing does anyone else want to add on", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00762-00320935-00321704": "how new osi members can get involved i i think there is", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00763-00321704-00322055": "one thing that should be clear is that you don't need", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00764-00322055-00322711": "to be technically skilled to participate in open source there is a", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00765-00322711-00323288": "lot of space for everyone i have a degree in humanities and", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00766-00323288-00324152": "i started contributing in communication in the open office project 18 years ago", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00767-00324152-00324720": "and that is was just the start then i discovered that i could do a lot more", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00768-00324720-00325255": "localization all software is basically written in english", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00769-00325255-00325904": "but there are 140 language or even more in the world and many people do not", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00770-00325904-00326207": "speak english or not fluent in english so", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00771-00326207-00326600": "localizing the software writing documentation", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00772-00326600-00327007": "helping with q and a  there is really", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00773-00327007-00327504": "fostering the community helping the community", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00774-00327504-00327807": "there are there is quite a lot for people that is", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00775-00327807-00328472": "not technically skilled or as not strong technical skills so it's", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00776-00328472-00328888": "don't be shy i think that being shy", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00777-00328888-00329383": "is the only real issue", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00778-00329440-00329776": "i'll go ahead and jump in just with a brief plug", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00779-00329776-00330007": "since everybody's made all these fabulous suggestions i'm going to go", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00780-00330007-00330535": "ahead and slide in with a slightly slightly selfish suggestion if i", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00781-00330535-00330928": "may say so myself i would really encourage", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00782-00330928-00331552": "everybody everybody to become an osi individual member there's a cost", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00783-00331552-00331792": "associated with that it's like 40 bucks a year", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00784-00331792-00332135": "we waive that cost for students and people who just can't afford it", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00785-00332135-00332472": "we want you as an individual member so that", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00786-00332472-00332864": "you get communications from us that you get a voice in our board elections", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00787-00332864-00333135": "and that you're just sort of engaged with all of the activities that we're", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00788-00333135-00333488": "doing beyond individual membership affiliate", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00789-00333488-00334000": "membership has already been mentioned i will just say reflect on", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00790-00334000-00334352": "the value you get out of open source you're not just", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00791-00334352-00334768": "any philosophical alignment you may have on it but really what has open source", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00792-00334768-00335088": "done for your career how much value do you get out of it how much value does", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00793-00335088-00335440": "your company get out of it and if your company is not a sponsor of", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00794-00335440-00335688": "osi and if they're a tech company they're", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00795-00335688-00335944": "definitely using open source software i mean everybody's", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00796-00335944-00336383": "using open source software one way or the other if they are not a sponsor", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00797-00336383-00336783": "they would be extraordinarily helpful if you could start making that case", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00798-00336783-00337088": "you know and even if you can't make that case connect them with us", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00799-00337088-00337664": "connect them with deb because we would we would love their support and you", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00800-00337664-00338079": "know every every additional member every additional sponsor just helps us", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00801-00338079-00338535": "be that much more effective in serving the community", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00802-00338800-00339328": "okay don't forget that contributing to open source is a huge", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00803-00339328-00339616": "amount of fun", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00804-00339935-00340255": "excellent there were a couple of questions i'm just going to", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00805-00340255-00340672": "let folks know that we're going to take this on later because i don't think we", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00806-00340672-00341072": "quite have a chance to open a whole new topic on", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00807-00341072-00341664": "is part of our plan to look at ways to help on-road or on-ramp", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00808-00341664-00342040": "newcomers and beginners and new contributors and", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00809-00342040-00342383": "josh i know you said you're we're kind of refocusing and maybe we don't totally", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00810-00342383-00342640": "have a the most solid answer to that yet but", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00811-00342640-00342935": "it's something we're kind of looking at this year", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00812-00342935-00343248": "i don't know if you want to add to that or not since we're", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00813-00343248-00343840": "just we're about to get the moderator in join our mailing list watch our twitter", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00814-00343840-00344159": "we we will not be quiet about the", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00815-00344159-00344448": "community engagement work that's that that we're going to be rolling out", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00816-00344448-00344904": "we will be loud and proud of all the opportunities that that we", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00817-00344904-00345272": "sort of set up for people to get involved", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00818-00345272-00345583": "and it's not just about creating the opportunities it is about creating that", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00819-00345583-00345807": "on-ramp and you know meeting people where", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00820-00345807-00346072": "they're at in their journey with open source", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00821-00346072-00346552": "so just stay tuned and in the meantime while we're getting", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00822-00346552-00346888": "our work done don't hesitate to send us your feedback or your suggestions", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00823-00346888-00347192": "because you know that that can inform the", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00824-00347192-00347583": "decisions that we make", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00825-00347640-00348079": "excellent anyone else have any closing thoughts or shall we", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00826-00348079-00348376": "yield the minute", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00827-00348383-00348952": "okay thank you so much this was i was i loved all the questions that we got", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00828-00348952-00349416": "and we have the notes and i will we can everyone can take a look and", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00829-00349416-00349776": "thanks for being on the panel everyone i'm glad we got to hear", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00830-00349776-00350128": "from everyone it was really exciting", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00831-00350135-00350455": "yeah thank you all so much", "aj-XvxpxrL4-00832-00350672-00351783": "thanks everybody"}}, {"audio_id": "ajXqARqU7kg", "text": {"ajXqARqU7kg-00000-00000729-00001519": "Good evening one and all. I am Larry Mason. I was a college professor for eight years", "ajXqARqU7kg-00001-00001519-00002009": "and a computer system administrator for 30 years. I am presently very obligated to Michael", "ajXqARqU7kg-00002-00002009-00002449": "Shanklin and all those who help him bring you the Voluntary Virtues Network. Without", "ajXqARqU7kg-00003-00002449-00003059": "his generosity you would not be hearing my voice. I enjoy lecturing as much as any professor", "ajXqARqU7kg-00004-00003059-00003359": "but it's more fun when my listeners can ask questions and correct my errors.", "ajXqARqU7kg-00005-00003359-00003699": "Sadly we must make do with just a simple lecture this time.", "ajXqARqU7kg-00006-00003709-00004309": "This talk is the fourth in the \"Invisible Hand\" series of talks, all of which involve money in one way or another.", "ajXqARqU7kg-00007-00004319-00004889": "\"Invisible Hand\" is also the name of a novel which I hope you will be inspired to", "ajXqARqU7kg-00008-00004889-00005489": "read. Reading it or listening to it won't cost you anything but time since it is freely", "ajXqARqU7kg-00009-00005489-00005919": "available on the internet in both text and MP3 versions at NOPOMSTUFF.INFO. Or, if you", "ajXqARqU7kg-00010-00005919-00006319": "are willing to spend a dollar on Amazon you can download the novel to your Kindle. But", "ajXqARqU7kg-00011-00006319-00006817": "enough advertising. Tonight's main theme is about war. As background", "ajXqARqU7kg-00012-00006817-00007265": "for this presentation I will provide a brief summary of the conclusions of the first presentation", "ajXqARqU7kg-00013-00007265-00007763": "in this \"Invisible Hand\" series which examined the physical object nature of our money and", "ajXqARqU7kg-00014-00007763-00008283": "some of the unfortunate consequences of that nature. I will be concise so if you have already", "ajXqARqU7kg-00015-00008283-00008784": "seen one of the earlier presentations don't worry, this review won't take long.", "ajXqARqU7kg-00016-00008784-00009332": "All money in history (and pre-history) has been considered to be or to represent physical", "ajXqARqU7kg-00017-00009332-00009871": "objects such as a basket of grain, a cow, a coin, or a paper bill. Today most money", "ajXqARqU7kg-00018-00009871-00010234": "is in computer accounts and though it zips around the world from account to account at", "ajXqARqU7kg-00019-00010234-00010845": "almost the speed of light, it still is treated as if it were a physical object of some sort.", "ajXqARqU7kg-00020-00010845-00011302": "Because we treat money as if it were a physical object, anything which is true of physical", "ajXqARqU7kg-00021-00011302-00011878": "objects in general will also be true of money. This obvious point is ignored by economists", "ajXqARqU7kg-00022-00011878-00012323": "and others who talk and write about money even though it is the most important truth", "ajXqARqU7kg-00023-00012323-00012904": "about money. The importance of the physical object nature of money cannot be overstated.", "ajXqARqU7kg-00024-00012904-00013325": "What follows are some consequences of that physical object nature.", "ajXqARqU7kg-00025-00013325-00013844": "First, money is like other physical objects in that it can be taken from its owner against", "ajXqARqU7kg-00026-00013844-00014451": "the owner's will by force, fraud or stealth and it can be lost or destroyed. This means", "ajXqARqU7kg-00027-00014451-00014866": "that you need to suspect almost everyone of trying to get your money by fair means or", "ajXqARqU7kg-00028-00014866-00015393": "foul. Second, money must be amoral because all inanimate", "ajXqARqU7kg-00029-00015393-00015879": "physical objects are amoral. Even animals are amoral in that they have neither an ethical", "ajXqARqU7kg-00030-00015879-00016435": "sense nor morality, especially when they are used as commodity money. You can use your", "ajXqARqU7kg-00031-00016435-00016825": "physical object money for anything, good or bad.", "ajXqARqU7kg-00032-00016825-00017436": "Third, the money supply is independent of the supply of goods and services for sale", "ajXqARqU7kg-00033-00017436-00017942": "because the supply of one physical object is independent of the supply of other objects.", "ajXqARqU7kg-00034-00017942-00018599": "Fourth, money falsely simulates a zero-sum game in monetary transactions because the", "ajXqARqU7kg-00035-00018599-00019153": "money gained by one party must be lost by some other party or parties. Money makes us", "ajXqARqU7kg-00036-00019153-00019611": "think that other people can gain money at our expense and that we can only gain money", "ajXqARqU7kg-00037-00019611-00020223": "at their expense. It makes us treat others as if they were competitors, rivals, opponents,", "ajXqARqU7kg-00038-00020223-00020729": "or even enemies. Fifth, money is almost impossible for a society", "ajXqARqU7kg-00039-00020729-00021357": "or nation to control. In every nation that attempts to limit, regulate, or tax trade", "ajXqARqU7kg-00040-00021357-00021864": "a black market comes into being; and organized crime flourishes in all nations.", "ajXqARqU7kg-00041-00021864-00022564": "Sixth, money transactions are two-party interactions. Two-party interaction is inherently unstable", "ajXqARqU7kg-00042-00022612-00023091": "because if one party gets an advantage in power such as having more money, that stronger", "ajXqARqU7kg-00043-00023091-00023744": "party can use their power to gain still more advantages. This is particularly true of money.", "ajXqARqU7kg-00044-00023744-00024318": "The old saying \"them as has, gets\" is true. Possession of money does make getting more", "ajXqARqU7kg-00045-00024318-00024850": "money quite a lot easier. Naturally, the weaker party in such two-party interaction will eventually", "ajXqARqU7kg-00046-00024850-00025315": "want to end the interaction. Thus the relationship is unstable.", "ajXqARqU7kg-00047-00025315-00025723": "So keeping in mind that review, let's consider war. For the sake of brevity, from this point", "ajXqARqU7kg-00048-00025723-00026009": "on, the term \"physical object money\" will be replaced with the acronym \"POM\".", "ajXqARqU7kg-00049-00026009-00026471": "War is fun, exciting, glamorous, manly, colorful and lots of other attractive things. That", "ajXqARqU7kg-00050-00026471-00027069": "is, it has those attractive properties until you are actually waging war yourself, personally.", "ajXqARqU7kg-00051-00027069-00027769": "Then war is misery, terror, boredom, ugly, pitiful, and muddy. Few people who have actually", "ajXqARqU7kg-00052-00027884-00028493": "fought in a war enjoyed it. So at the individual level, for the ordinary participant, war is", "ajXqARqU7kg-00053-00028493-00029093": "something they would really rather not do. So what is war? For this presentation, I prefer", "ajXqARqU7kg-00054-00029093-00029546": "a rather narrow definition. I don't consider a bunch of guys getting into a fight in a", "ajXqARqU7kg-00055-00029546-00030053": "bar to be war. I don't consider it to be war when one community of hunter-gatherers raids", "ajXqARqU7kg-00056-00030053-00030753": "another group. All squabbles between people are not war. To be war, a conflict must involve", "ajXqARqU7kg-00057-00030759-00031391": "formally organized violence by at least one sovereign governmental unit. In other words,", "ajXqARqU7kg-00058-00031391-00031949": "if Alabama invades Georgia using its police force, that's not war. Neither Alabama nor", "ajXqARqU7kg-00059-00031949-00032471": "Georgia are sovereign since they are subordinate to the U.S. government. The newspapers might", "ajXqARqU7kg-00060-00032471-00032968": "call it war but they are trying to sell papers so we'll ignore their usages. The other major", "ajXqARqU7kg-00061-00032968-00033598": "component of that definition is \"formally organized.\" Kids get teams organized for games", "ajXqARqU7kg-00062-00033598-00034273": "on vacant lots. But that's not a formal organization. Formal organization requires bureaucracy,", "ajXqARqU7kg-00063-00034273-00034867": "roles, or offices with duties and obligations related to one another in a \"top down\" manner.", "ajXqARqU7kg-00064-00034867-00035294": "The so called wars between the Native Americans and the U.S. government were wars from the", "ajXqARqU7kg-00065-00035294-00035708": "point of view of the U.S. government but they were not wars from the point of view of the", "ajXqARqU7kg-00066-00035708-00036236": "Native tribess. The natives had no more organization for fights with the U.S. cavalry than they", "ajXqARqU7kg-00067-00036236-00036763": "did for a hunting party. If you wanted to go along and fight, you could. If you didn't", "ajXqARqU7kg-00068-00036763-00037230": "want to do what the leaders told you to do that was your right. Coordination of their", "ajXqARqU7kg-00069-00037230-00037679": "activities was informal, though in many cases quite effective. You will note how much trouble", "ajXqARqU7kg-00070-00037679-00038185": "the Cavalry had with the Apaches. War is not something that happens by chance.", "ajXqARqU7kg-00071-00038185-00038777": "It takes a significant effort by a governmental organization. World War I would have started", "ajXqARqU7kg-00072-00038777-00039279": "sometime soon the summer of 1914 whether the Archduke of Austria had been shot in July", "ajXqARqU7kg-00073-00039279-00039873": "or not. The ruling powers in Austria wanted war with Serbia and they would have created", "ajXqARqU7kg-00074-00039873-00040418": "an incident if one had not occurred independently. I have already mentioned that war is unpleasant", "ajXqARqU7kg-00075-00040418-00040908": "for those who actually do the fighting. It will come as no surprise to you that war has", "ajXqARqU7kg-00076-00040908-00041486": "lots of other annoying features besides making those fighting it suffer. War destroys valuable", "ajXqARqU7kg-00077-00041486-00041859": "property. Even when those fighting the war are armed with knives, clubs, and spears,", "ajXqARqU7kg-00078-00041859-00042330": "there is a tendency to destroy the property of others in one way or another. Fire is a", "ajXqARqU7kg-00079-00042330-00042849": "major means of destruction for armies at the low level of technology. But just trampling", "ajXqARqU7kg-00080-00042849-00043237": "the other side's crops, killing their domestic animals, and vandalizing their homes does", "ajXqARqU7kg-00081-00043237-00043767": "quite a lot of damage, too. Plunder usually makes the victim much poorer.", "ajXqARqU7kg-00082-00043767-00044220": "Another problem with war is that it takes you away from productive labor. Learning to", "ajXqARqU7kg-00083-00044220-00044698": "work together as an effective military unit takes lots of practice. While you are practicing", "ajXqARqU7kg-00084-00044698-00045164": "warfare, you really have no time for other work. All that time you are drilling with", "ajXqARqU7kg-00085-00045164-00045602": "your mates you could have been improving your farm, making more tools, or teaching your", "ajXqARqU7kg-00086-00045602-00046167": "children. Yes, the military does build things. They even build things (like housing) which", "ajXqARqU7kg-00087-00046167-00046867": "would be needed whether they were in the military or not. So we can say that preparing for war", "ajXqARqU7kg-00088-00047115-00047567": "has a lot of opportunity costs. Just think of all the things they could have done with", "ajXqARqU7kg-00089-00047567-00048154": "those resources and that labor. War reduces trade with other political units.", "ajXqARqU7kg-00090-00048154-00048579": "It's dangerous to take your wares across the path of an army on the march. You are quite", "ajXqARqU7kg-00091-00048579-00049111": "likely to lose your stock-in-trade. The distinction between piracy and naval operations by the", "ajXqARqU7kg-00092-00049111-00049692": "state is quickly lost on a merchant whose cargo is seized by the navy.", "ajXqARqU7kg-00093-00049692-00050071": "Explaining why wars happen cannot use the reason that the participants are having fun", "ajXqARqU7kg-00094-00050071-00050518": "getting killed and wounded, or enjoying marching for miles while hungry and burdened, or having", "ajXqARqU7kg-00095-00050518-00051096": "their friends killed. No, the participants don't actually like war. We can't use the", "ajXqARqU7kg-00096-00051096-00051563": "explanation that nations fight wars because war improves the standard of living for their", "ajXqARqU7kg-00097-00051563-00052074": "citizens: Since there are fewer consumer goods produced during a war, there has to be a reduced", "ajXqARqU7kg-00098-00052074-00052582": "standard of living. We can't say that war prepares humanity to fight other species because", "ajXqARqU7kg-00099-00052582-00053108": "we make war only upon each other. We might say that evolution has given us mental states", "ajXqARqU7kg-00100-00053108-00053649": "that encourage fighting. But that would only explain why individuals fight, not why people", "ajXqARqU7kg-00101-00053649-00054162": "formally organize to conduct war operations. This leaves us with a difficult problem in", "ajXqARqU7kg-00102-00054162-00054826": "explaining war, then. Fighting wars is insane. It's a monumentally stupid thing to do. Wars", "ajXqARqU7kg-00103-00054826-00055276": "tend to destroy whole peoples. The scars of war on the psyche of a nation can last for", "ajXqARqU7kg-00104-00055276-00055976": "many generations. (See the South of the U.S.) But we do have some clues. Let's examine those", "ajXqARqU7kg-00105-00056207-00056558": "clues. The first clue is that war takes place among", "ajXqARqU7kg-00106-00056558-00057096": "nations or nation states. Sometimes the nations are rather informal or temporary as in the", "ajXqARqU7kg-00107-00057096-00057608": "case of the armies of the Mongols in fighting China and other nations. But in no case do", "ajXqARqU7kg-00108-00057608-00058158": "hunting-and-gathering societies practice war. They simply do not have the organization for", "ajXqARqU7kg-00109-00058158-00058858": "war. A war requires a top-down or hierarchical organization rather than a society of equals.", "ajXqARqU7kg-00110-00058922-00059474": "In societies in which organization has leaders who lead by force, who command via coercion,", "ajXqARqU7kg-00111-00059474-00060050": "who punish disobedience, the decision to go to war does not depend on the motivation of", "ajXqARqU7kg-00112-00060050-00060644": "those who are commanded. It depends on the motivations of those who command such organizations.", "ajXqARqU7kg-00113-00060644-00061124": "It depends on the kings, high priests, and gods in the form of men. We only have to come", "ajXqARqU7kg-00114-00061124-00061675": "up with some reason why the leaders of such nations/states would want war. We don't have", "ajXqARqU7kg-00115-00061675-00062211": "to explain why the common citizen would want war in nations with top-down organization.", "ajXqARqU7kg-00116-00062211-00062758": "Does this mean that a democracy would not instigate a war? Not at all. Remember that", "ajXqARqU7kg-00117-00062758-00063458": "democracy and elections are only how a nation selects leaders. Democracy does not guarantee", "ajXqARqU7kg-00118-00063465-00063971": "that, once selected, a leader is just first among equals, just a person who has no more", "ajXqARqU7kg-00119-00063971-00064528": "authority than anyone else. Remember that Nazi Germany was supposedly a democracy: Hitler", "ajXqARqU7kg-00120-00064528-00065113": "came to office through an election. The leaders of Rome, a very militarized state, were elected", "ajXqARqU7kg-00121-00065113-00065744": "by the Senate of Rome until Augustus. The citizens of Rome voted for political leaders.", "ajXqARqU7kg-00122-00065744-00066134": "No, what I am talking about is how the government operates in practice.", "ajXqARqU7kg-00123-00066134-00066718": "A second clue is that governments use force to punish those who do not obey. There are", "ajXqARqU7kg-00124-00066718-00067185": "police and soldiers employed by government. Governments have courts and legislatures to", "ajXqARqU7kg-00125-00067185-00067885": "create and enforce laws. In other words, governments are, by their very nature, top-down organizations.", "ajXqARqU7kg-00126-00067886-00068453": "There is a \"supreme court.\" There is a commander in chief. There are heads of the legislative", "ajXqARqU7kg-00127-00068453-00069027": "bodies (and sub-committees). Outside government we have business organizations. They also", "ajXqARqU7kg-00128-00069027-00069704": "have the top-down organization with a chief executive officer or owner. Again, the organization", "ajXqARqU7kg-00129-00069704-00070279": "punishes disobedience. Moving on to religion -- which, until the last 500 years or so,", "ajXqARqU7kg-00130-00070279-00070844": "was usually synonymous with political power as well, the vast majority of religious organizations", "ajXqARqU7kg-00131-00070844-00071445": "were also top-down and hierarchical. In fact, in the minds of many, the very idea", "ajXqARqU7kg-00132-00071445-00071815": "of organization implies a commander or leader who tells the others what to do; and who may", "ajXqARqU7kg-00133-00071815-00072431": "have a \"chain of command\" with lesser officers to relay orders to those below them. Discipline", "ajXqARqU7kg-00134-00072431-00072962": "is achieved via coercion and punishment. The idea is that the way to get people to cooperate", "ajXqARqU7kg-00135-00072962-00073303": "is to punish, harm, and sanction those who do not cooperate.", "ajXqARqU7kg-00136-00073303-00073848": "Now you might think that I am wandering off the subject but that is not the case. I am", "ajXqARqU7kg-00137-00073848-00074355": "establishing the context within which it can seem reasonable or rational to go to war.", "ajXqARqU7kg-00138-00074355-00074843": "I am pointing out that in a top-down organization it is only necessary for the party on top,", "ajXqARqU7kg-00139-00074843-00075265": "the one in charge, the guy with the most power -- it is only necessary for that person or", "ajXqARqU7kg-00140-00075265-00075690": "small group to see war as something which can be desirable, beneficial, and rewarding", "ajXqARqU7kg-00141-00075690-00076268": "for them. Because it is possible for some few persons in a nation of persons to gain", "ajXqARqU7kg-00142-00076268-00076768": "some benefit or at least the chance for gaining some benefit from a war by that nation.", "ajXqARqU7kg-00143-00076768-00077352": "Let me say that again. It is possible for some few persons in a nation of persons to", "ajXqARqU7kg-00144-00077352-00077843": "believe that they can gain some benefit or at least the chance for gaining some benefit", "ajXqARqU7kg-00145-00077843-00078473": "from a war by that nation. This changes the whole situation as far as explanation is concerned.", "ajXqARqU7kg-00146-00078473-00078930": "If a leader is willing for many others to suffer in order to gain some benefit for himself,", "ajXqARqU7kg-00147-00078930-00079459": "then that leader may, possibly, desire war. So we only have to explain why a leader might", "ajXqARqU7kg-00148-00079459-00079945": "see some benefit to himself in war. Of course, we then must explain how that leader can get", "ajXqARqU7kg-00149-00079945-00080269": "the rest of the nation to participate in the war.", "ajXqARqU7kg-00150-00080269-00080929": "Let's refer back to that list of consequences of POM. The fourth item was that POM falsely", "ajXqARqU7kg-00151-00080929-00081489": "simulates a zero-sum game situation in money transactions. You may have noticed that in", "ajXqARqU7kg-00152-00081489-00081863": "government, the subordinates are paid. That means that the interaction between the leaders", "ajXqARqU7kg-00153-00081863-00082368": "and the subordinates simulates a zero-sum game situation. The leaders and the subordinates", "ajXqARqU7kg-00154-00082368-00082799": "are in competition for that money. The leaders are in the habit of gaining at the expense", "ajXqARqU7kg-00155-00082799-00083284": "of others. The losses of the less powerful or less successful are expected and are not", "ajXqARqU7kg-00156-00083284-00083802": "the problem of the winners. Remembering item six, that money transactions are two-party", "ajXqARqU7kg-00157-00083802-00084286": "interaction, we see how it happens that there is always a leader or leading group which", "ajXqARqU7kg-00158-00084286-00084899": "has seized control of most of the POM. Money can be used to gain still more money. Government", "ajXqARqU7kg-00159-00084899-00085356": "power is just one of the means by which those who control money employ their power to gain", "ajXqARqU7kg-00160-00085356-00085874": "more power. So the top-down aspect of the organizations is a product of concentration", "ajXqARqU7kg-00161-00085874-00086473": "of power and zero-sum game relationships. Money gives the power to coerce as we can", "ajXqARqU7kg-00162-00086473-00087173": "tell from item two, that POM is amoral; and item five, that money cannot be controlled.", "ajXqARqU7kg-00163-00087181-00087567": "The morality of the religion or of the people may uphold the principle that people should", "ajXqARqU7kg-00164-00087567-00088188": "be good to each other, but the nature of POM makes it quite easy for people to ignore that", "ajXqARqU7kg-00165-00088188-00088810": "morality and hire other people to harm one's rivals, competitors, or enemies. Such hiring", "ajXqARqU7kg-00166-00088810-00089495": "cannot be prevented or stopped so long as the money in use is POM. Also, cutting off", "ajXqARqU7kg-00167-00089495-00090185": "one's access to POM can cause real suffering. In the third show in this series we discussed", "ajXqARqU7kg-00168-00090185-00090771": "poverty. Poverty causes great suffering of body and mind. So to make one poor is to cause", "ajXqARqU7kg-00169-00090771-00091187": "them to suffer. If one is the employer of someone else, threatening to withdraw that", "ajXqARqU7kg-00170-00091187-00091849": "employment is a serious threat to the employee. Therefore, employment with POM implies or", "ajXqARqU7kg-00171-00091849-00092333": "announces that the relationship is top-down and hierarchical. It indicates that failure", "ajXqARqU7kg-00172-00092333-00093033": "to obey will be punished. POM economies are largely organized by money relationships.", "ajXqARqU7kg-00173-00093068-00093482": "Government hires people to carry out and enforce the law. Businesses hire employees. Churches", "ajXqARqU7kg-00174-00093482-00093882": "hire employees including priests. Even within the traditional family, the \"breadwinner\"", "ajXqARqU7kg-00175-00093882-00094387": "was in a superior position to the dependent spouse. So relationships within the family", "ajXqARqU7kg-00176-00094387-00094835": "were hierarchical with the father in command of the mother who commanded the children until", "ajXqARqU7kg-00177-00094835-00095273": "the sons got old enough (and controlled enough money) to command her. The wife may have been", "ajXqARqU7kg-00178-00095273-00095757": "doing most of the work that earned money but the husband controlled that money.", "ajXqARqU7kg-00179-00095757-00096222": "Given those relationships throughout the society and economy, it is only natural that at each", "ajXqARqU7kg-00180-00096222-00096760": "location in the society, the person who had the power would see their own interests and", "ajXqARqU7kg-00181-00096760-00097217": "ignore the interests of those subordinate to them. This pervasive attitude is a product", "ajXqARqU7kg-00182-00097217-00097832": "of the nature of POM. It does not exist in hunting-and-gathering societies. But it is", "ajXqARqU7kg-00183-00097832-00098303": "the norm in agricultural and higher-level societies.", "ajXqARqU7kg-00184-00098303-00098704": "Political leaders gain by having more followers. Followers can be acquired in democracies by", "ajXqARqU7kg-00185-00098704-00099199": "attracting financial support. That support is usually generated by offering government", "ajXqARqU7kg-00186-00099199-00099727": "aid to powerful citizens. Offering political aid to the poor gains nothing for a politician.", "ajXqARqU7kg-00187-00099727-00100231": "The poor have no money to give. Followers in earlier times were gained by \"recruiting", "ajXqARqU7kg-00188-00100231-00100761": "nobles\" through offering them lands (with serfs), a source of income in those times.", "ajXqARqU7kg-00189-00100761-00101207": "Political leaders have been using POM to gain power and support since money and government", "ajXqARqU7kg-00190-00101207-00101772": "began their development at the same time over 10,000 years ago. Early on, cities used war", "ajXqARqU7kg-00191-00101772-00102230": "against other cities to control their people, seize their lands, and grab any money or other", "ajXqARqU7kg-00192-00102230-00102806": "valuables they may have possessed. Of course, if a city was successful in war, it wasn't", "ajXqARqU7kg-00193-00102806-00103238": "the ordinary people of the city who benefited, it was the leaders. It wasn't the ordinary", "ajXqARqU7kg-00194-00103238-00103724": "citizens who gained, it was the rich and powerful. It was the leaders who seized most of the", "ajXqARqU7kg-00195-00103724-00104312": "loot. If the poor got much money war merely increased all the prices (point three in the", "ajXqARqU7kg-00196-00104312-00104772": "consequences of POM) which would rise anyway, due to the reduction in production when the", "ajXqARqU7kg-00197-00104772-00105364": "army went off to war. The victorious leaders may have had more gold but, as Spain discovered", "ajXqARqU7kg-00198-00105364-00105830": "when it brought back all that silver and gold from the New World in the 1500s, that can", "ajXqARqU7kg-00199-00105830-00106261": "destroy your economy. Spain never recovered from the inflation brought about by all those", "ajXqARqU7kg-00200-00106261-00106743": "precious metals. It was a disaster for the average person, especially if they were peasants", "ajXqARqU7kg-00201-00106743-00107264": "or small businessmen. The inflation was profound and it greatly slowed trade.", "ajXqARqU7kg-00202-00107264-00107751": "The POM gained by the leaders and other powerful groups gave them the impression that they", "ajXqARqU7kg-00203-00107751-00108228": "were winning something at the expense of those whom they defeated on the battlefield. Victory", "ajXqARqU7kg-00204-00108228-00108752": "gave them something to brag about and have poems sung in their honor. It gave the impression", "ajXqARqU7kg-00205-00108752-00109085": "that they were stronger than before, that they were on top of the world or at least", "ajXqARqU7kg-00206-00109085-00109502": "their part of the world. In some cases it even got them enough money to pay off the", "ajXqARqU7kg-00207-00109502-00110096": "loans they had taken to fight the war. But somehow there never was enough POM gained", "ajXqARqU7kg-00208-00110096-00110587": "to let the government stop taxing the poor. If you've read any political history you will", "ajXqARqU7kg-00209-00110587-00110980": "have noticed that politicians and rulers in every nation in all of history are always", "ajXqARqU7kg-00210-00110980-00111528": "short of money, except for those rare cases in which they are causing huge inflation.", "ajXqARqU7kg-00211-00111528-00112006": "The motivation exists to gain more money at the expense of others. This is a product of", "ajXqARqU7kg-00212-00112006-00112644": "the nature of POM. Thus do we understand and explain the motivations of the national leaders.", "ajXqARqU7kg-00213-00112644-00113136": "Next we come to the means by which those leaders can get people to do something which they", "ajXqARqU7kg-00214-00113136-00113491": "do not want to do (go to war) and which will lower their standard of living and cost many", "ajXqARqU7kg-00215-00113491-00113824": "of them their lives. We have already mentioned hiring people to", "ajXqARqU7kg-00216-00113824-00114289": "do the tasks of government and the military. That is one part of the means. One hires soldiers", "ajXqARqU7kg-00217-00114289-00114845": "and tax collectors by offering them POM. But the use of money does not stop there. One", "ajXqARqU7kg-00218-00114845-00115371": "also must buy weapons of war and supplies to be used during that war. One must contract", "ajXqARqU7kg-00219-00115371-00115867": "for constructing military works like castles and forts. One needs to build roads and other", "ajXqARqU7kg-00220-00115867-00116220": "means of communication. There is a lot of money being spent.", "ajXqARqU7kg-00221-00116220-00116713": "The people who sell their products and labor to the state want the money the state provides.", "ajXqARqU7kg-00222-00116713-00117188": "If offered a job by the state, a laborer does not care whether the work is ethical, whether", "ajXqARqU7kg-00223-00117188-00117693": "it benefits society as a whole, or increases the overall public standard of living. If", "ajXqARqU7kg-00224-00117693-00118217": "a contractor wins a bid to build infrastructure for the state to use in military operations,", "ajXqARqU7kg-00225-00118217-00118705": "that contractor feels little or no responsibility for how that infrastructure is used. If a", "ajXqARqU7kg-00226-00118705-00119165": "weapons manufacturer can get customers for his product, he cares not whom those weapons", "ajXqARqU7kg-00227-00119165-00119666": "will kill. Tax collectors are \"just doing their job\" when they take the widow's last", "ajXqARqU7kg-00228-00119666-00120303": "farthing. In other words, all responsibility for the consequences of their actions is removed", "ajXqARqU7kg-00229-00120303-00120939": "by the transference of money to the vendor. This stems from that zero-sum game relationship", "ajXqARqU7kg-00230-00120939-00121477": "in which everyone else is a rival so bad things happening to others is \"not my problem\". The", "ajXqARqU7kg-00231-00121477-00122115": "amoral nature of POM allows this to happen. If a leader wants to go to war there will", "ajXqARqU7kg-00232-00122115-00122568": "be support for that course of action by those who sell the materials of war to the government.", "ajXqARqU7kg-00233-00122568-00122964": "The higher ranks in the military will also support such a course of action since it gives", "ajXqARqU7kg-00234-00122964-00123491": "them the opportunity for loot, importance, promotion, and glory. But there are also those", "ajXqARqU7kg-00235-00123491-00123888": "who provide propaganda. Some may be with the church, seeking the favor of the ruler by", "ajXqARqU7kg-00236-00123888-00124433": "stirring up national support for war. There are those who want the slaves that may result.", "ajXqARqU7kg-00237-00124433-00124826": "(In modern times those would be people in the defeated lands; desperate for work, who", "ajXqARqU7kg-00238-00124826-00125317": "can be hired for very little.) War is even glorified for the children through toys and", "ajXqARqU7kg-00239-00125317-00125824": "games. There's money in that, too. We see war as one's own nation defending itself", "ajXqARqU7kg-00240-00125824-00126330": "against the evil machinations of foreign nations and their maniacal leaders. We see our own", "ajXqARqU7kg-00241-00126330-00126842": "military actions as defending the faith, the fatherland, the rights of man, or our freedoms.", "ajXqARqU7kg-00242-00126842-00127228": "But let's consider what the case would be if our money were different. How we would", "ajXqARqU7kg-00243-00127228-00127758": "see and experience things if our money had a different nature.", "ajXqARqU7kg-00244-00127758-00128201": "What if money could not be taken from its owner against the will of that owner? Then", "ajXqARqU7kg-00245-00128201-00128566": "taxes to pay for war would be impossible. There would be no taxes.", "ajXqARqU7kg-00246-00128566-00129010": "What if money were moral? Then money could not be used to support killing people. It", "ajXqARqU7kg-00247-00129010-00129515": "could not be spent to destroy property. It could not be used to oppress anyone.", "ajXqARqU7kg-00248-00129515-00129936": "What if money made it obvious that people are mutually interdependent? Then it would", "ajXqARqU7kg-00249-00129936-00130370": "be obvious that harming other people would be bad for us, too. We would be opposed to", "ajXqARqU7kg-00250-00130370-00130829": "the harming of other people in war or in peace. We would recognize that to harm our soldiers", "ajXqARqU7kg-00251-00130829-00131430": "by sending them to war would harm us as well. What if money were controllable? Then people", "ajXqARqU7kg-00252-00131430-00131986": "could not hire other people to do things which harm others. Propaganda could not be hired.", "ajXqARqU7kg-00253-00131986-00132506": "What if money transactions were three-party transactions; in which, A has power over B,", "ajXqARqU7kg-00254-00132506-00133147": "B has power over C, and C has power over A? In that situation the interaction would be", "ajXqARqU7kg-00255-00133147-00133596": "stable, so the wealth and power would not go into the hands of just a few.", "ajXqARqU7kg-00256-00133596-00134068": "With all these changes to the nature of money we would have a society in which people were", "ajXqARqU7kg-00257-00134068-00134608": "predominantly in relationships of equality. That is, people would work together rather", "ajXqARqU7kg-00258-00134608-00135109": "than working for those who pay them. One would earn money by benefitting others rather than", "ajXqARqU7kg-00259-00135109-00135497": "for obeying someone. To illustrate this I would like to quote a", "ajXqARqU7kg-00260-00135497-00136083": "passage from \"Invisible Hand\" in which a person from a POM economy is looking for work in", "ajXqARqU7kg-00261-00136083-00136783": "a non-POM society whose money has the desirable properties we imagined just now. The POM gentleman", "ajXqARqU7kg-00262-00136863-00137319": "is named Niall and the person who will try to help him find work that will suit him is", "ajXqARqU7kg-00263-00137319-00137737": "named Enid. Enid speaks: Twenty years ago who could give", "ajXqARqU7kg-00264-00137737-00138085": "you a job?\" Niall thought for a moment and said, \"Twenty", "ajXqARqU7kg-00265-00138085-00138488": "years ago anybody with money could hire me.\" Then he paused again.", "ajXqARqU7kg-00266-00138488-00138773": "Enid prompted him, \"Who paid you twenty years ago?\"", "ajXqARqU7kg-00267-00138773-00139118": "\"The guy with the money.\" \"Who told you what to do?\"", "ajXqARqU7kg-00268-00139118-00139533": "\"The guy with the money. If I did what he said to do, he paid me. If I didn't do what", "ajXqARqU7kg-00269-00139533-00139958": "he said, I didn't get paid.\" \"So when that guy with the money gave you", "ajXqARqU7kg-00270-00139958-00140479": "a job, he was really trading with you. He was trading his money for your obedience.", "ajXqARqU7kg-00271-00140479-00140957": "The deal was that you would give him control of your behavior in exchange for some of his", "ajXqARqU7kg-00272-00140957-00141224": "money.\" \"Yes, roughly,\" Niall agreed.", "ajXqARqU7kg-00273-00141224-00141692": "\"So when he gave you a job he was giving you a chance to obey him in exchange for money.\"", "ajXqARqU7kg-00274-00141692-00142144": "\"In a way, yes.\" \"So if the Payers are the only ones with money", "ajXqARqU7kg-00275-00142144-00142685": "to give and they don't tell you what to do, who gives you a job. Who offers you money", "ajXqARqU7kg-00276-00142685-00143170": "in exchange for obedience?\" \"Nobody?\" Niall was getting a little tired", "ajXqARqU7kg-00277-00143170-00143807": "of whatever game the old lady was playing. \"Right you are, Niall. Nobody has a job. We", "ajXqARqU7kg-00278-00143807-00144409": "may work. We may even labor. We may do what other people tell us to do. But we don't have", "ajXqARqU7kg-00279-00144409-00144702": "jobs.\" \"That's just semantics. You're just playing", "ajXqARqU7kg-00280-00144702-00145102": "games with words. If I work at something and I get paid for doing that work, that's a job", "ajXqARqU7kg-00281-00145102-00145537": "no matter how you slice it.\" That ought to straighten her out, Niall thought.", "ajXqARqU7kg-00282-00145537-00145916": "\"But,\" Enid said, \"you don't get paid for doing that work.\"", "ajXqARqU7kg-00283-00145916-00146363": "\"What do you mean? What else would you get paid for? When I work I expect to get paid", "ajXqARqU7kg-00284-00146363-00146950": "for it.\" \"I mean,\" Enid said sternly, \"just what I", "ajXqARqU7kg-00285-00146950-00147479": "said. You don't get paid for doing work. You get paid for the consequences of what you", "ajXqARqU7kg-00286-00147479-00148010": "do. Just because you take orders and sweat and strain and keep that up day after day", "ajXqARqU7kg-00287-00148010-00148468": "doing exactly what someone else tells you to do doesn't mean you'll necessarily ever", "ajXqARqU7kg-00288-00148468-00149065": "get paid anything at all for all your efforts. That's because now you're paid for consequences.", "ajXqARqU7kg-00289-00149065-00149611": "If the consequences include a great net benefit, then you get paid a lot of money. If the consequences", "ajXqARqU7kg-00290-00149611-00150075": "have only a little net benefit, then you get paid only a little. It will not matter how", "ajXqARqU7kg-00291-00150075-00150581": "hard you work nor how long it takes you. You don't get paid by the hour and you don't get", "ajXqARqU7kg-00292-00150581-00151143": "paid by the job. You get paid by the net benefit of the consequences.\" By this point Enid was", "ajXqARqU7kg-00293-00151143-00151541": "sitting bolt upright pointing her finger right at Niall's left eye and glowering.", "ajXqARqU7kg-00294-00151541-00151988": "\"OK, OK, I get paid for the benefit that will happen.\"", "ajXqARqU7kg-00295-00151988-00152661": "\"Still not right. You get paid for net benefit, good consequences minus bad consequences.", "ajXqARqU7kg-00296-00152661-00153125": "And you only get paid after the consequences are known. A farmer doesn't get paid for the", "ajXqARqU7kg-00297-00153125-00153557": "food he grows and takes to market. He gets paid for the nutrition that people receive", "ajXqARqU7kg-00298-00153557-00154069": "from that food. If nobody eats the food, then he doesn't get paid. If the food isn't good", "ajXqARqU7kg-00299-00154069-00154372": "for them, he doesn't get paid. Are you getting this?\"", "ajXqARqU7kg-00300-00154372-00154898": "\"Yeah, yeah, I'm getting it.\" \"So,\" she continued, \"when did you get paid", "ajXqARqU7kg-00301-00154898-00155315": "when you had a job 20 years ago?\" \"I got paid when the job was done or at the", "ajXqARqU7kg-00302-00155315-00155650": "end of the week or whatever.\" \"And when will you get paid now?\"", "ajXqARqU7kg-00303-00155650-00156197": "\"When somebody has benefited from my work.\" \"That's progress. Now if you're working with", "ajXqARqU7kg-00304-00156197-00156593": "someone who has tools for that kind of work and he hands you those tools and tells you", "ajXqARqU7kg-00305-00156593-00156945": "what to do with them and you do what he tells you to do, will you get paid?\"", "ajXqARqU7kg-00306-00156945-00157490": "\"Sure,\" Niall nodded absently, \"Why not?\" Enid slapped her knee and said, a little angry,", "ajXqARqU7kg-00307-00157490-00157746": "\"Are you listening to me? What do you get paid for?\"", "ajXqARqU7kg-00308-00157746-00158319": "Niall, tiredly, \"I get paid for net benefit.\" \"Do you get paid for using that guy's tools?\"", "ajXqARqU7kg-00309-00158319-00158727": "\"No. I get paid for net benefit.\" \"Do you get paid for doing what the guy told", "ajXqARqU7kg-00310-00158727-00159183": "you to do with those tools?\" \"No. I get paid for net benefit.\"", "ajXqARqU7kg-00311-00159183-00159624": "\"So, even if somebody gives you tools and tells you what to do with them, is he giving", "ajXqARqU7kg-00312-00159624-00160094": "you a job? Remember that he will not pay you.\" \"He could give me something else I wanted", "ajXqARqU7kg-00313-00160094-00160484": "besides money.\" \"He certainly could. Then you would have a", "ajXqARqU7kg-00314-00160484-00161184": "job. You would be working for him. You would be his employee, his hireling, his subordinate.", "ajXqARqU7kg-00315-00161221-00161772": "He would be your boss, your employer, your superior. Would you care about the consequences", "ajXqARqU7kg-00316-00161772-00162128": "of the work you did?\" \"I probably wouldn't think much about them", "ajXqARqU7kg-00317-00162128-00162485": "one way or the other.\" \"The consequences would not be important to", "ajXqARqU7kg-00318-00162485-00162586": "you?\" \"Right.\"", "ajXqARqU7kg-00319-00162586-00162941": "\"Do you see why folks don't think much of those who have jobs?\"", "ajXqARqU7kg-00320-00162941-00163442": "\"They don't think much of slackers either, I notice.\" Niall said, playing a trump.", "ajXqARqU7kg-00321-00163442-00163887": "\"Which do you think is worse, a slacker who lives off the work of others or somebody who", "ajXqARqU7kg-00322-00163887-00164166": "has a job?\" Enid asked, leaning back in her chair.", "ajXqARqU7kg-00323-00164166-00164780": "\"A slacker is worse, of course.\" \"Who built the death camps? Who made the bombs?", "ajXqARqU7kg-00324-00164780-00165282": "Who works in the bureaucracies of tyrants? People who have jobs, that's who, people who", "ajXqARqU7kg-00325-00165282-00165727": "don't care about the consequences of what they're doing. Who built the cars and factories", "ajXqARqU7kg-00326-00165727-00166285": "that made smog and acid rain? Who clear-cut the forests? Who killed the cod? People with", "ajXqARqU7kg-00327-00166285-00166808": "jobs. As soon as people get jobs they become totally irresponsible. They no longer admit", "ajXqARqU7kg-00328-00166808-00167258": "to any responsibility. 'I was just following orders.' 'I was just doing my job.' 'It's", "ajXqARqU7kg-00329-00167258-00167761": "not my fault, he told me to do it.'\" \"OK,\" anything to get her to shut up and get", "ajXqARqU7kg-00330-00167761-00168183": "on with getting him a job, \"I concede. But slackers are bad, too.\"", "ajXqARqU7kg-00331-00168183-00168430": "\"Who do they hurt?\" \"What?\"", "ajXqARqU7kg-00332-00168430-00168849": "\"Who do slackers hurt?\" \"Well, they hurt everybody else. They use", "ajXqARqU7kg-00333-00168849-00169183": "resources that other people could use for other things.\"", "ajXqARqU7kg-00334-00169183-00169678": "\"Correction,\" Enid said abruptly, \"they only use resources that other people choose to", "ajXqARqU7kg-00335-00169678-00170056": "give them. Did you force Darla and Stephanie to give you lunch today?\"", "ajXqARqU7kg-00336-00170056-00170351": "\"No.\" \"Did anyone else force them to give you food?\"", "ajXqARqU7kg-00337-00170351-00170890": "\"Not that I know of.\" \"Trust me,\" Enid said authoritatively, \"nobody", "ajXqARqU7kg-00338-00170890-00171229": "has been able to make Stephanie do anything she didn't want to do since she was about", "ajXqARqU7kg-00339-00171229-00171676": "three years old. So how did Darla and Stephanie get the food that they gave you?\"", "ajXqARqU7kg-00340-00171676-00171938": "\"Somebody gave it to them?\" Enid, \"Voluntarily?\"", "ajXqARqU7kg-00341-00171938-00172361": "\"I guess so.\" \"Could Darla or Stephanie force some farmer", "ajXqARqU7kg-00342-00172361-00172675": "to give them food?\" Niall laughed, picturing little Stephanie", "ajXqARqU7kg-00343-00172675-00173199": "twisting the arm of a burly farmer to make him give her food. \"I don't think so.\"", "ajXqARqU7kg-00344-00173199-00173844": "Thus endeth the excerpt from \"Invisible Hand.\" People just doing their jobs is why we have", "ajXqARqU7kg-00345-00173844-00174356": "wars. People who do not have any concern for the consequences of their actions are why", "ajXqARqU7kg-00346-00174356-00174928": "we have wars. The rich and powerful take advantage of people who have jobs to exploit everyone", "ajXqARqU7kg-00347-00174928-00175383": "they can exploit. I'll bet you didn't expect that conclusion.", "ajXqARqU7kg-00348-00175383-00175855": "Next week we will have more surprises as we examine the issue of gold in which we get", "ajXqARqU7kg-00349-00175855-00176040": "beneath and behind the shiny surface."}}]