[{"audio_id": "kcIiyHzrTpg", "text": {"kcIiyHzrTpg-00000-00000000-00000512": "BREAKING: 08/22/17 KKK Leader Praises TRUMP’s Remarks On Charlottesville"}}, {"audio_id": "kdr7VxdmDSg", "text": {"kdr7VxdmDSg-00000-00002616-00002984": "i", "kdr7VxdmDSg-00001-00003120-00004384": "oh", "kdr7VxdmDSg-00002-00014919-00015584": "two", "kdr7VxdmDSg-00003-00017480-00018384": "so", "kdr7VxdmDSg-00004-00021904-00022584": "so", "kdr7VxdmDSg-00005-00030088-00030983": "so", "kdr7VxdmDSg-00006-00042648-00043584": "so", "kdr7VxdmDSg-00007-00044296-00044984": "so", "kdr7VxdmDSg-00008-00047064-00047784": "so", "kdr7VxdmDSg-00009-00049904-00050584": "so", "kdr7VxdmDSg-00010-00056888-00056896": "you"}}, {"audio_id": "kdboRBoDOm4", "text": {"kdboRBoDOm4-00000-00000524-00000574": "This is", "kdboRBoDOm4-00001-00000574-00001019": "Let's take all the words you can think of for your topic and turn them into sources for your paper.", "kdboRBoDOm4-00002-00001046-00001224": "AKA Searching with Keywords", "kdboRBoDOm4-00003-00001280-00001696": "You have a collection of keywords to research your topic with–now what do you do with them?", "kdboRBoDOm4-00004-00001807-00001930": "Start at the library's website.", "kdboRBoDOm4-00005-00001930-00002216": "The library has access to hundreds of databases", "kdboRBoDOm4-00006-00002216-00002526": "that search for articles from multiple sources at the same time.", "kdboRBoDOm4-00007-00002526-00002934": "Most of what you find in these aren't unavailable through your regular google search.", "kdboRBoDOm4-00008-00003062-00003518": "In this video we're going to use \"NUSearch\" which pulls together several different databases", "kdboRBoDOm4-00009-00003518-00003846": "as well as all the book and videos in the library's collection.", "kdboRBoDOm4-00010-00003886-00004106": "You can find NUsearch right on the library's homepage.", "kdboRBoDOm4-00011-00004144-00004490": "You could type a few of your keywords in the search box, click go, and see what comes up.", "kdboRBoDOm4-00012-00004490-00004916": "Unfortunately, most library databases don't think the way google does,", "kdboRBoDOm4-00013-00004916-00005150": "so your search results could be messy or unhelpful.", "kdboRBoDOm4-00014-00005150-00005456": "These databases prefer you take more control over your search,", "kdboRBoDOm4-00015-00005456-00005840": "but that's good because it makes your results much more targeted to your needs.", "kdboRBoDOm4-00016-00005872-00006032": "Try an advanced search.", "kdboRBoDOm4-00017-00006032-00006588": "The advanced search gives you multiple search boxes, each connected by a conjunction, where you can type your different keywords.", "kdboRBoDOm4-00018-00006588-00007108": "With your keywords connected by \"and\", each of the results will contain all of your search terms.", "kdboRBoDOm4-00019-00007204-00007723": "Some of your keywords might include words you want to search together, like \"young adult\" or \"computer games.\"", "kdboRBoDOm4-00020-00007773-00008244": "Put your search terms in quotes and the database will search for those two words as a phrase.", "kdboRBoDOm4-00021-00008310-00008682": "Another useful tool for your searching skill set is the conjunction \"OR.\"", "kdboRBoDOm4-00022-00008746-00009380": "When you're getting fewer results than you would like, you might want to throw in a related word using \"OR\" to get more results.", "kdboRBoDOm4-00023-00009426-00009968": "Plug your related term in the same line, connecting the two by \"OR,\" like (gender OR female)", "kdboRBoDOm4-00024-00010034-00010420": "Here, your results will include everything that has both \"computer games\" and \"gender\"", "kdboRBoDOm4-00025-00010476-00010750": "in addition to \"computer games\" and \"female.\"", "kdboRBoDOm4-00026-00010804-00011392": "Be on the lookout for subject terms and keywords that you may not have thought of and add those into your searches.", "kdboRBoDOm4-00027-00011562-00011842": "Did your professor say you need articles?", "kdboRBoDOm4-00028-00011842-00012142": "Did those articles need to be from a peer reviewed source?", "kdboRBoDOm4-00029-00012142-00012374": "You can easily limit your results.", "kdboRBoDOm4-00030-00012392-00012640": "When examining your search results,", "kdboRBoDOm4-00031-00012640-00012828": "take a look at the description or abstract", "kdboRBoDOm4-00032-00012828-00013178": "to see what your article is about to make sure it will give you the information you need.", "kdboRBoDOm4-00033-00013178-00013574": "Remember, just like Google, NUsearch doesn't have everything.", "kdboRBoDOm4-00034-00013610-00014032": "Try your searches in some subject specific databases found in one of our guides.", "kdboRBoDOm4-00035-00014080-00014268": "Not getting the results you're looking for?", "kdboRBoDOm4-00036-00014297-00014380": "Ask us!", "kdboRBoDOm4-00037-00014380-00014686": "Call, email, or just stop by any Library Ask Us Desk."}}, {"audio_id": "kedNbJMqyUY", "text": {"kedNbJMqyUY-00000-00000083-00000150": "- WE'RE GOING TO DETERMINE", "kedNbJMqyUY-00001-00000150-00000436": "IF THE GRAPHS OF THE GIVEN  EQUATIONS WOULD BE SYMMETRICAL", "kedNbJMqyUY-00002-00000436-00000846": "ABOUT THE X-AXIS, Y-AXIS  OR THE ORIGIN.", "kedNbJMqyUY-00003-00000846-00000960": "AND FOR A QUICK REVIEW,", "kedNbJMqyUY-00004-00000960-00001133": "HERE ARE THE THREE TESTS  THAT WE'LL PERFORM", "kedNbJMqyUY-00005-00001133-00001653": "TO DETERMINE WHICH SYMMETRY  THE GRAPH MIGHT HAVE.", "kedNbJMqyUY-00006-00001653-00002070": "TO TEST FOR X-AXIS SYMMETRY,  WE'LL REPLACE Y WITH -Y", "kedNbJMqyUY-00007-00002070-00002320": "AND SEE IF IT PRODUCES  AND EQUIVALENT EQUATION.", "kedNbJMqyUY-00008-00002320-00002590": "IF IT DOES,  IT HAS X-AXIS SYMMETRY.", "kedNbJMqyUY-00009-00002590-00002946": "FOR Y-AXIS SYMMETRY,  WE'LL REPLACE X WITH -X", "kedNbJMqyUY-00010-00002946-00003163": "AND SEE IF WE HAVE  AN EQUIVALENT EQUATION.", "kedNbJMqyUY-00011-00003163-00003346": "AND THEN FOR SYMMETRY  ABOUT THE ORIGIN,", "kedNbJMqyUY-00012-00003346-00003736": "WE REPLACE X WITH -X  AND Y WITH -Y", "kedNbJMqyUY-00013-00003736-00003996": "TO SEE IF WE HAVE  AN EQUIVALENT EQUATION.", "kedNbJMqyUY-00014-00003996-00004260": "WHILE WE ARE GOING TO VERIFY  THESE ALGEBRAICALLY,", "kedNbJMqyUY-00015-00004260-00004453": "IF YOU DO HAVE  GRAPHING SOFTWARE,", "kedNbJMqyUY-00016-00004453-00004670": "I THINK IT'S HELPFUL  TO GRAPH THE EQUATION", "kedNbJMqyUY-00017-00004670-00004926": "AND TEST FOR SYMMETRY VISUALLY  AS WELL.", "kedNbJMqyUY-00018-00004926-00005326": "ON THE RIGHT, WE HAVE THE GRAPH  OF Y = -X TO THE 4th", "kedNbJMqyUY-00019-00005326-00005640": "+ 4X SQUARED + 5.", "kedNbJMqyUY-00020-00005640-00006084": "AND NOTICE HOW VISUALLY  THIS DOES HAVE Y-AXIS SYMMETRY", "kedNbJMqyUY-00021-00006084-00006447": "BECAUSE IF WE FOLD THIS GRAPH  ACROSS THE Y-AXIS", "kedNbJMqyUY-00022-00006447-00006650": "OR THIS VERTICAL LINE HERE,", "kedNbJMqyUY-00023-00006650-00006967": "NOTICE HOW THE 2 HALVES WOULD  MATCH UP PERFECTLY", "kedNbJMqyUY-00024-00006967-00007267": "VISUALLY VERIFYING WE SHOULD  HAVE Y-AXIS SYMMETRY.", "kedNbJMqyUY-00025-00007267-00007590": "NOTICE HOW THE GRAPH DOES NOT  HAVE X-AXIS SYMMETRY", "kedNbJMqyUY-00026-00007590-00007787": "OR SYMMETRY ABOUT THE ORIGIN.", "kedNbJMqyUY-00027-00007787-00008050": "BUT NOW, LET'S GO AHEAD  AND VERIFY IT ALGEBRAICALLY.", "kedNbJMqyUY-00028-00008050-00008270": "SO TO CHECK FOR X-AXIS SYMMETRY,", "kedNbJMqyUY-00029-00008270-00008534": "WE'LL REPLACE THIS Y WITH -Y", "kedNbJMqyUY-00030-00008534-00009534": "WHICH WOULD GIVE US -Y =  -X TO THE 4th + 4X SQUARED + 5.", "kedNbJMqyUY-00031-00009534-00009754": "WE CAN QUICKLY SEE THESE  EQUATIONS ARE NOT EQUIVALENT", "kedNbJMqyUY-00032-00009754-00010087": "BECAUSE THE Ys  ARE OPPOSITE SIGNS,", "kedNbJMqyUY-00033-00010087-00010490": "SO THERE IS NO X-AXIS SYMMETRY.", "kedNbJMqyUY-00034-00010490-00010954": "TO CHECK FOR Y-AXIS SYMMETRY,  WE'LL REPLACE X WITH -X.", "kedNbJMqyUY-00035-00010954-00011224": "SO WE'D HAVE Y = NEGATIVE", "kedNbJMqyUY-00036-00011224-00012198": "AND THEN -X RAISED TO THE 4th  + 4 x -X SQUARED +5.", "kedNbJMqyUY-00037-00012198-00012478": "REMEMBER WHEN RAISING A NEGATIVE  TO AN EVEN POWER,", "kedNbJMqyUY-00038-00012478-00012681": "IT WOULD SIMPLIFY TO A POSITIVE.", "kedNbJMqyUY-00039-00012681-00013114": "SO IT WOULD BE Y =,  THIS WOULD BE -X TO THE 4th,", "kedNbJMqyUY-00040-00013114-00013221": "BECAUSE THIS NEGATIVE HERE", "kedNbJMqyUY-00041-00013221-00013594": "IS NOT BEING RAISED TO THE 4th  POWER, JUST THIS NEGATIVE HERE", "kedNbJMqyUY-00042-00013594-00014091": "+ SHOULD BE +4X SQUARED + 5.", "kedNbJMqyUY-00043-00014091-00014528": "NOTICE HOW THIS EQUATION HERE IS  EQUIVALENT TO THE GIVEN EQUATION", "kedNbJMqyUY-00044-00014528-00014938": "WHICH VERIFIES  THIS DOES HAVE Y-AXIS SYMMETRY.", "kedNbJMqyUY-00045-00014938-00015358": "SO THE ANSWER IS YES  FOR Y-AXIS SYMMETRY", "kedNbJMqyUY-00046-00015358-00015634": "WHICH AGAIN WE VERIFIED VISUALLY  AS WELL.", "kedNbJMqyUY-00047-00015634-00015914": "AND THEN A TEST FOR SYMMETRY  ABOUT THE ORIGIN", "kedNbJMqyUY-00048-00015914-00016368": "WE'LL REPLACE X WITH -X  AND Y WITH -Y,", "kedNbJMqyUY-00049-00016368-00017848": "SO WE WOULD HAVE -Y = -X TO THE  4th + 4 x -X SQUARED + 5.", "kedNbJMqyUY-00050-00017848-00017971": "THIS IS NOT GOING TO BE  EQUIVALENT", "kedNbJMqyUY-00051-00017971-00018278": "BECAUSE WE STILL HAVE A -Y HERE.", "kedNbJMqyUY-00052-00018278-00019032": "ON THE RIGHT SIDE, WE HAVE  -X TO THE 4th + 4X SQUARED + 5.", "kedNbJMqyUY-00053-00019032-00019335": "AGAIN, COMPARING THIS EQUATION  TO THE ORIGINAL,", "kedNbJMqyUY-00054-00019335-00019482": "THE Ys ARE OPPOSITES,", "kedNbJMqyUY-00055-00019482-00019795": "THEREFORE WE DO NOT HAVE  SYMMETRY ABOUT THE ORIGIN,", "kedNbJMqyUY-00056-00019795-00020002": "SO THIS WOULD BE A NO.", "kedNbJMqyUY-00057-00020002-00020238": "LET'S TAKE A LOOK  AT ANOTHER EXAMPLE.", "kedNbJMqyUY-00058-00020238-00020688": "HERE WE HAVE THE GRAPH OF Y  = X CUBED - 2X.", "kedNbJMqyUY-00059-00020688-00021012": "NOTICE HOW WE DON'T HAVE  Y-AXIS SYMMETRY.", "kedNbJMqyUY-00060-00021012-00021318": "WE DON'T HAVE X-AXIS SYMMETRY.", "kedNbJMqyUY-00061-00021318-00021488": "BUT BY THE ROTATIONAL TEST,", "kedNbJMqyUY-00062-00021488-00021738": "WE DO HAVE SYMMETRY  ABOUT THE ORIGIN.", "kedNbJMqyUY-00063-00021738-00021858": "REMEMBER THE ROTATIONAL TEST", "kedNbJMqyUY-00064-00021858-00022208": "IS WE WANT TO ROTATE THIS GRAPH  ABOUT THIS POINT HERE,", "kedNbJMqyUY-00065-00022208-00022352": "THE ORIGIN.", "kedNbJMqyUY-00066-00022352-00022638": "AND IF WE CAN ROTATE THIS  LESS THAN ONE COMPLETE TURN", "kedNbJMqyUY-00067-00022638-00022802": "SO IT LOOKS EXACTLY THE SAME,", "kedNbJMqyUY-00068-00022802-00023032": "WE HAVE SYMMETRY  ABOUT THE ORIGIN.", "kedNbJMqyUY-00069-00023032-00023435": "IF WE'D ROTATE THIS HALF A TURN  OR 180 DEGREES", "kedNbJMqyUY-00070-00023435-00023692": "FROM HERE TO HERE,", "kedNbJMqyUY-00071-00023692-00023905": "NOTICE HOW THE GRAPH  WOULD LOOK EXACTLY THE SAME.", "kedNbJMqyUY-00072-00023905-00024386": "THIS PIECE HERE  AND THIS PIECE HERE", "kedNbJMqyUY-00073-00024386-00024622": "WOULD JUST SWITCH POSITIONS.", "kedNbJMqyUY-00074-00024622-00024902": "BUT AGAIN, LET'S GO AHEAD  AND VERIFY THIS ALGEBRAICALLY.", "kedNbJMqyUY-00075-00024902-00025369": "SO FOR X-AXIS SYMMETRY,  AGAIN WE'LL REPLACE Y WITH -Y,", "kedNbJMqyUY-00076-00025369-00025962": "THAT WOULD GIVE US -Y  = X TO THE 3rd - 2X.", "kedNbJMqyUY-00077-00025962-00026162": "AGAIN LOOKING AT THIS EQUATION  AND THIS EQUATION,", "kedNbJMqyUY-00078-00026162-00026526": "THE Y TERMS ARE OPPOSITES  SO THEY'RE NOT EQUIVALENT,", "kedNbJMqyUY-00079-00026526-00026939": "SO THE ANSWER  IS NO FOR X-AXIS SYMMETRY.", "kedNbJMqyUY-00080-00026939-00027319": "FOR Y-AXIS SYMMETRY,  WE'LL REPLACE X WITH -X,", "kedNbJMqyUY-00081-00027319-00028145": "SO WE'D HAVE Y  = -X RAISED TO THE 3rd - 2 x -X.", "kedNbJMqyUY-00082-00028145-00028659": "WELL -X TO THE 3rd  IS GOING TO BE -X CUBED", "kedNbJMqyUY-00083-00028659-00029109": "AND HERE WE HAVE A NEGATIVE  x A NEGATIVE, THAT BECOMES +2X.", "kedNbJMqyUY-00084-00029109-00029462": "SO THIS EQUATION HERE AND THIS  EQUATION HERE ARE NOT THE SAME,", "kedNbJMqyUY-00085-00029462-00029686": "BECAUSE THE X TERMS  ARE OPPOSITES", "kedNbJMqyUY-00086-00029686-00030143": "SO WE DON'T HAVE  Y-AXIS SYMMETRY.", "kedNbJMqyUY-00087-00030143-00030423": "AND THEN FOR SYMMETRY  ABOUT THE ORIGIN,", "kedNbJMqyUY-00088-00030423-00030839": "WE'LL REPLACE X WITH -X  AND Y WITH -Y.", "kedNbJMqyUY-00089-00030839-00031830": "SO WE'D HAVE -Y = -X TO THE 3rd  - 2 x -X,", "kedNbJMqyUY-00090-00031830-00032586": "SO WE HAVE -Y  = -X TO THE 3rd + 2X.", "kedNbJMqyUY-00091-00032586-00032760": "NOW LOOKING AT THIS EQUATION  AND THIS EQUATION,", "kedNbJMqyUY-00092-00032760-00033000": "THEY DON'T LOOK THE SAME  OR EQUIVALENT.", "kedNbJMqyUY-00093-00033000-00033343": "BUT IF WE MULTIPLIED BOTH SIDES  OF THE EQUATION BY -1", "kedNbJMqyUY-00094-00033343-00033586": "WHICH IS ALLOWED,", "kedNbJMqyUY-00095-00033586-00033836": "THEY WOULD BE EQUIVALENT,", "kedNbJMqyUY-00096-00033836-00034110": "SO JUST GOING TO CHANGE THE SIGN  OF EACH TERM.", "kedNbJMqyUY-00097-00034110-00034850": "SO WE'D HAVE Y = X CUBED - 2X  WHICH NOW IS EXACTLY THE SAME", "kedNbJMqyUY-00098-00034850-00035040": "AND THEREFORE THE EQUATIONS  ARE EQUIVALENT,", "kedNbJMqyUY-00099-00035040-00035736": "SO THE ANSWER IS, YES, WE DO  HAVE SYMMETRY ABOUT THE ORIGIN.", "kedNbJMqyUY-00100-00035736-00036297": "NEXT, WE HAVE  X SQUARED + 4Y SQUARED = 4.", "kedNbJMqyUY-00101-00036297-00036494": "THIS EQUATION ACTUALLY PRODUCES  AN ELLIPSE", "kedNbJMqyUY-00102-00036494-00036720": "WHICH IS SKETCHED HERE.", "kedNbJMqyUY-00103-00036720-00036844": "AND AGAIN VISUALLY,", "kedNbJMqyUY-00104-00036844-00037037": "WE SHOULD BE ABLE TO DETERMINE  THIS GRAPH", "kedNbJMqyUY-00105-00037037-00037290": "DOES HAVE X-AXIS SYMMETRY.", "kedNbJMqyUY-00106-00037290-00037557": "IF WE FOLD IT ACROSS THE X-AXIS,", "kedNbJMqyUY-00107-00037557-00037840": "THE TOP HALF AND THE BOTTOM HALF  WOULD MATCH UP PERFECTLY.", "kedNbJMqyUY-00108-00037840-00038110": "THIS GRAPH ALSO HAS  Y-AXIS SYMMETRY.", "kedNbJMqyUY-00109-00038110-00038414": "IF WE FOLD THIS ACROSS  THE Y-AXIS,", "kedNbJMqyUY-00110-00038414-00038770": "THE RIGHT WOULD MATCH UP  WITH THE LEFT.", "kedNbJMqyUY-00111-00038770-00039160": "AND THEN LASTLY, THIS GRAPH  ALSO HAS ROTATIONAL SYMMETRY", "kedNbJMqyUY-00112-00039160-00039297": "OR SYMMETRY ABOUT THE ORIGIN.", "kedNbJMqyUY-00113-00039297-00039747": "BECAUSE IF WE ROTATE THIS ABOUT  THE ORIGIN AT THIS POINT HERE", "kedNbJMqyUY-00114-00039747-00040284": "180 DEGREES WHICH IS LESS THAN  ONE COMPLETE TURN,", "kedNbJMqyUY-00115-00040284-00040460": "THE GRAPH WOULD LOOK  EXACTLY THE SAME", "kedNbJMqyUY-00116-00040460-00040814": "VERIFYING SYMMETRY  ABOUT THE ORIGIN.", "kedNbJMqyUY-00117-00040814-00041070": "LET'S GO AHEAD  AND GO THROUGH ALL THESE TESTS.", "kedNbJMqyUY-00118-00041070-00041464": "FOR THE X-AXIS, AGAIN  WE'LL REPLACE Y WITH -Y.", "kedNbJMqyUY-00119-00041464-00042304": "SO WE'D HAVE X SQUARED  + 4 x -Y SQUARED = 4.", "kedNbJMqyUY-00120-00042304-00042574": "BUT -Y SQUARED = Y SQUARED,", "kedNbJMqyUY-00121-00042574-00043081": "SO WE HAVE X SQUARED  + 4Y SQUARED = 4.", "kedNbJMqyUY-00122-00043081-00043344": "THIS EQUATION IS EQUIVALENT  TO THE ORIGINAL,", "kedNbJMqyUY-00123-00043344-00043924": "SO THE ANSWER IS, YES,  WE HAVE X-AXIS SYMMETRY.", "kedNbJMqyUY-00124-00043924-00044374": "TO TEST FOR Y-AXIS SYMMETRY,  REPLACE X WITH -X,", "kedNbJMqyUY-00125-00044374-00045191": "SO WE'D HAVE -X SQUARED  + 4Y SQUARED = 4.", "kedNbJMqyUY-00126-00045191-00045684": "WELL, -X SQUARED IS X SQUARED.", "kedNbJMqyUY-00127-00045684-00045931": "THIS EQUATION IS EQUIVALENT  TO THE ORIGINAL,", "kedNbJMqyUY-00128-00045931-00046458": "THEREFORE WE DO HAVE  Y-AXIS SYMMETRY.", "kedNbJMqyUY-00129-00046458-00047001": "AND THEN FOR THE ORIGIN, WE  REPLACE X AND Y WITH -X AND -Y.", "kedNbJMqyUY-00130-00047001-00047178": "SO WE COULD PROBABLY  ALREADY TELL,", "kedNbJMqyUY-00131-00047178-00048058": "BUT WE'D HAVE -X SQUARED  + 4 x - Y SQUARED = 4.", "kedNbJMqyUY-00132-00048058-00048445": "SO THIS SIMPLIFIES TO X SQUARED.", "kedNbJMqyUY-00133-00048445-00048905": "THIS SIMPLIFIES TO 4Y SQUARED  = 4", "kedNbJMqyUY-00134-00048905-00049058": "WHICH IS EQUIVALENT  TO THE ORIGINAL,", "kedNbJMqyUY-00135-00049058-00049508": "AND THEREFORE WE ALSO HAVE  SYMMETRY ABOUT THE ORIGIN.", "kedNbJMqyUY-00136-00049508-00049662": "SO IT IS IMPORTANT  THAT WE SHOW THIS WORK,", "kedNbJMqyUY-00137-00049662-00050078": "BECAUSE THIS WORK IS OUR  VERIFICATION ALGEBRAICALLY", "kedNbJMqyUY-00138-00050078-00050348": "OF THE TYPE OF SYMMETRY  THAT WE HAVE.", "kedNbJMqyUY-00139-00050348-00050575": "LET'S TAKE A LOOK AT ONE MORE.", "kedNbJMqyUY-00140-00050575-00051125": "THIS IS THE GRAPH OF Y SQUARED  - 2Y TO THE 4th = 6X.", "kedNbJMqyUY-00141-00051125-00051565": "VISUALLY IF WE FOLD THIS GRAPH  ACROSS THE X-AXIS,", "kedNbJMqyUY-00142-00051565-00051802": "THE 2 HALVES WOULD MATCH UP  PERFECTLY", "kedNbJMqyUY-00143-00051802-00052178": "VERIFYING THAT THIS GRAPH  DOES HAVE X-AXIS SYMMETRY", "kedNbJMqyUY-00144-00052178-00052615": "AND DOESN'T HAVE Y-AXIS SYMMETRY  OR SYMMETRY ABOUT THE ORIGIN.", "kedNbJMqyUY-00145-00052615-00052885": "LET'S GO AHEAD AND VERIFY THIS  ALGEBRAICALLY.", "kedNbJMqyUY-00146-00052885-00053248": "FOR X-AXIS SYMMETRY,  AGAIN WE'LL REPLACE Y WITH -Y,", "kedNbJMqyUY-00147-00053248-00054236": "SO WE'D HAVE -Y SQUARED - 2  x -Y TO THE 4th = 6X.", "kedNbJMqyUY-00148-00054236-00054422": "AGAIN RAISING A NEGATIVE  TO AN EVEN POWER", "kedNbJMqyUY-00149-00054422-00054599": "RESULTS IN A POSITIVE,", "kedNbJMqyUY-00150-00054599-00055242": "SO WE'D HAVE Y SQUARED  - 2Y TO THE 4th = 6X", "kedNbJMqyUY-00151-00055242-00055419": "WHICH IS EQUIVALENT  TO THE ORIGINAL.", "kedNbJMqyUY-00152-00055419-00055832": "SO THE ANSWER IS, YES,  WE DO HAVE X-AXIS SYMMETRY", "kedNbJMqyUY-00153-00055832-00056092": "WHICH WE VERIFIED VISUALLY.", "kedNbJMqyUY-00154-00056092-00056459": "FOR Y-AXIS SYMMETRY,  WE'LL REPLACE X WITH -X,", "kedNbJMqyUY-00155-00056459-00057086": "SO THE LEFT SIDE  IS GOING TO STAY THE SAME.", "kedNbJMqyUY-00156-00057086-00057422": "AND ON THE RIGHT SIDE,  WE'RE GOING TO HAVE 6 x -X,", "kedNbJMqyUY-00157-00057422-00058046": "SO WE HAVE Y SQUARED  - 2Y TO THE 4th = -6X.", "kedNbJMqyUY-00158-00058046-00058249": "THIS EQUATION AND THIS EQUATION  ARE NOT EQUIVALENT", "kedNbJMqyUY-00159-00058249-00058876": "BECAUSE THE RIGHT SIDE, HERE WE  HAVE 6X AND HERE WE HAVE -6X,", "kedNbJMqyUY-00160-00058876-00059289": "THEREFORE THE ANSWER  IS NO Y-AXIS SYMMETRY.", "kedNbJMqyUY-00161-00059289-00059455": "AND THEN FOR SYMMETRY  ABOUT THE ORIGIN,", "kedNbJMqyUY-00162-00059455-00059905": "WE REPLACE BOTH X AND Y  WITH -X AND -Y,", "kedNbJMqyUY-00163-00059905-00060972": "SO WE HAVE -Y TO THE 2nd - 2  x - Y TO THE 4th = 6 x -X.", "kedNbJMqyUY-00164-00060972-00061666": "SO WE HAVE Y TO THE 2nd  - 2Y TO THE 4th = -6X.", "kedNbJMqyUY-00165-00061666-00061959": "AGAIN COMPARING OUR EQUATIONS,  THE LEFT SIDES ARE THE SAME,", "kedNbJMqyUY-00166-00061959-00062176": "BUT THE RIGHT SIDES  ARE OPPOSITES", "kedNbJMqyUY-00167-00062176-00062336": "THEREFORE  THEY'RE NOT EQUIVALENT,", "kedNbJMqyUY-00168-00062336-00062776": "AND THE ANSWER IS NO SYMMETRY  ABOUT THE ORIGIN.", "kedNbJMqyUY-00169-00062776-00063255": "OKAY. I HOPE YOU FOUND THESE  EXAMPLES HELPFUL."}}, {"audio_id": "ke17clkpeuY", "text": {"ke17clkpeuY-00000-00000040-00000448": "my name is Stan Jacob time a consultant cardiologist in York today i wanted to do a", "ke17clkpeuY-00001-00000448-00001048": "video on the subject of heart failure this video is called new hope for heart failure patients", "ke17clkpeuY-00002-00001048-00001632": "a game changer arrives this video is about a new medication which could make a substantial", "ke17clkpeuY-00003-00001632-00002104": "difference to patients with heart failure in the future so i thought i'd share this with", "ke17clkpeuY-00004-00002104-00002792": "you the first thing is any form of heart disease if progressive will have an impact on the ability", "ke17clkpeuY-00005-00002792-00003320": "of the heart to function as a pump so anything that affects the heart if it's left unchecked", "ke17clkpeuY-00006-00003320-00003832": "over a period of time will affect the ability of the heart to pump blood out that condition where", "ke17clkpeuY-00007-00003832-00004456": "the heart becomes unable to pump enough amounts of blood out is called heart failure and the problem", "ke17clkpeuY-00008-00004456-00004912": "with heart failure is that those patients who have heart failure will in general not have as", "ke17clkpeuY-00009-00004912-00005536": "good a quality of life as people who have strong hearts and in general people with heart failure or", "ke17clkpeuY-00010-00005536-00006216": "weak hearts will not live as long as people with strong hearts so heart failure has a substantial", "ke17clkpeuY-00011-00006216-00006856": "impact on both quality of life in terms of symptoms breathlessness tiredness exercise", "ke17clkpeuY-00012-00006856-00007656": "intolerance leg swelling and also prognosis worsening heart failure more hospitalizations", "ke17clkpeuY-00013-00007736-00008272": "increased risks of sudden death increased risk of progressive cardiac death we are always on", "ke17clkpeuY-00014-00008272-00008960": "the lookout for medications which can have a beneficial impact both on quality of life and", "ke17clkpeuY-00015-00008960-00009560": "quantity of life in patients with heart failure the good news is that we do have some very very", "ke17clkpeuY-00016-00009560-00010200": "good medications now which have revolutionized how we treat heart failure and they have both resulted", "ke17clkpeuY-00017-00010200-00010824": "in an improvement in quality of life and prognosis in such patients some of these medications are", "ke17clkpeuY-00018-00010824-00011384": "ace inhibitors so something like ramipril parenteral lysinal these are ace inhibitors", "ke17clkpeuY-00019-00011456-00012080": "and they've been shown to improve prognosis they reduce the risk of early death in patients with", "ke17clkpeuY-00020-00012080-00012863": "heart failure number two beta blockers again these are medications called like bicycle carved along", "ke17clkpeuY-00021-00012863-00013568": "nebula metoprolol again these are very effective and they help strengthen the heart up they stop", "ke17clkpeuY-00022-00013568-00014080": "the heart from getting worse over a period of time and they have made a substantial impact on", "ke17clkpeuY-00023-00014080-00014816": "prognosis there is another medication called spironolactone or mineralocorticoid receptor", "ke17clkpeuY-00024-00014816-00015456": "antagonists viran electron or a pleura known again another set of medications which has had a huge", "ke17clkpeuY-00025-00015456-00015976": "impact on how we manage heart failure and improves prognosis and actually what we find is that a", "ke17clkpeuY-00026-00015976-00016608": "combination of all these three medications works much better than taking one of one medication and", "ke17clkpeuY-00027-00016608-00017264": "none of the others so whenever i have a patient i try and get them on as as quickly on a combination", "ke17clkpeuY-00028-00017264-00017896": "of all three medications even at the lowest doses because it makes a big impact there is now a", "ke17clkpeuY-00029-00017896-00018552": "new medication called entresto which is again changing the landscape of heart failure and this", "ke17clkpeuY-00030-00018552-00019016": "is now being used but i suspect that a lot of people with heart failure are still not getting", "ke17clkpeuY-00031-00019016-00019464": "it and tresto is another medication that can make a huge difference but the medication i'm going to", "ke17clkpeuY-00032-00019464-00019936": "talk about is something completely different and this is really new information but this", "ke17clkpeuY-00033-00019936-00020400": "could really make a huge difference so i thought i'd talk you through it the medication i'm going", "ke17clkpeuY-00034-00020400-00021056": "to talk to you about is a medication called dapagliflozin okay dapaglisterflozen is an", "ke17clkpeuY-00035-00021176-00022080": "medication it's called it's an sglt2 inhibitor and the way it reduces blood sugar levels in diabetic", "ke17clkpeuY-00036-00022080-00022640": "patients is it increases the amount of glucose we pass in a urine so it causes a condition called", "ke17clkpeuY-00037-00022640-00023200": "glycosyria glucose passes out of the urine extra water pulses out of the urine and that's how it", "ke17clkpeuY-00038-00023200-00023720": "works in its anti-diabetic role however there's a really interesting study that has just been", "ke17clkpeuY-00039-00023720-00024656": "published called dapa hf dapa hyphen hf in dapper hf what the researchers were interested in doing", "ke17clkpeuY-00040-00024656-00025168": "was to see whether this medication could have an impact in patients with heart failure not", "ke17clkpeuY-00041-00025168-00025752": "all the patients were studied have were diabetic but everyone had heart failure they took i think", "ke17clkpeuY-00042-00025752-00026464": "4 744 patients with heart failure and by heart failure i mean their ejection fraction on an", "ke17clkpeuY-00043-00026464-00027024": "echocardiogram was less than 40 percent and they were randomized either just to placebo", "ke17clkpeuY-00044-00027024-00027472": "with all these other medications i've talked about a centimeters beta blocker spironolactone", "ke17clkpeuY-00045-00027472-00028016": "these patients were already on it but they were given a placebo versus being on them and", "ke17clkpeuY-00046-00028016-00028527": "being given this agent called dapper and what they did was they followed these patients up", "ke17clkpeuY-00047-00028527-00029008": "and the results have been incredible because what they found that patients who were given", "ke17clkpeuY-00048-00029008-00029760": "the dapper had significantly less cardiovascular death less hospitalizations for heart failure and", "ke17clkpeuY-00049-00029760-00030312": "better quality of life scores compared to those people who were given placebo so over and above", "ke17clkpeuY-00050-00030392-00031000": "current optimal medications if you give these patients stepper they seem to do a lot better", "ke17clkpeuY-00051-00031000-00031512": "and the most interesting thing is it didn't matter whether they were diabetic or not so the benefits", "ke17clkpeuY-00052-00031512-00032080": "were seen even in patients who were not diabetic so here's an anti-diabetic medication but it seems", "ke17clkpeuY-00053-00032080-00032752": "to benefit people who don't even have diabetes but have heart failure and there were really no major", "ke17clkpeuY-00054-00032752-00033440": "or concerning side effects from this medication either so this is very interesting it's very new", "ke17clkpeuY-00055-00033440-00034056": "i think there'll be a lot of more research around this study around this agent but i", "ke17clkpeuY-00056-00034056-00034520": "think what we have is something that could be a game changer for patients with heart failure", "ke17clkpeuY-00057-00034520-00035064": "the reason i wanted to do this video was because this is fairly groundbreaking research the problem", "ke17clkpeuY-00058-00035064-00035712": "is that the research is just out but by the time it filters through and people start using dapper", "ke17clkpeuY-00059-00035712-00036328": "on a sort of an everyday life and their patients may take a number of years in the meanwhile there", "ke17clkpeuY-00060-00036328-00036824": "may be patients out there who have heart failure who are really struggling who are searching for", "ke17clkpeuY-00061-00036824-00037272": "that additional medication that could make a difference if you are one of those patients", "ke17clkpeuY-00062-00037272-00037864": "or if you know someone who has heart failure and they're struggling dapper may be the thing and it", "ke17clkpeuY-00063-00037864-00038336": "it is available it is used in diabetic patients so it's a good idea to go and see a", "ke17clkpeuY-00064-00038336-00038952": "cardiologist who has an interest and say look you know i'm on everything but i'm still struggling", "ke17clkpeuY-00065-00038952-00039384": "how about dapper and maybe that might just make the difference"}}, {"audio_id": "ke1sp8W6sN8", "text": {"ke1sp8W6sN8-00000-00000222-00000590": "Today I'll show you a couple exercises (for warm up)", "ke1sp8W6sN8-00001-00000598-00000869": "All we know how \"cool\" is to roll on \"Hell Toe\"", "ke1sp8W6sN8-00002-00000869-00001432": "Let me explode pattern. We gonna do HH, HT and TT monoline.", "ke1sp8W6sN8-00003-00001618-00001880": "Start with Heel Toe, simplest one.", "ke1sp8W6sN8-00004-00001892-00002516": "As usually, use \"slalom position\". Arms up and in front. Back straight.", "ke1sp8W6sN8-00005-00002518-00003098": "Do it on small speed. When reaching end of cones - try turn and do one more lap.", "ke1sp8W6sN8-00006-00003468-00003736": "Try same on TT and HH", "ke1sp8W6sN8-00007-00004092-00004382": "To complicate - switch leading leg.", "ke1sp8W6sN8-00008-00004830-00005194": "For advanced skaters, do all backwards", "ke1sp8W6sN8-00009-00005376-00005848": "They'll prepare legs for one wheel elements and improve control.", "ke1sp8W6sN8-00010-00006322-00006594": "Don't forget to subscrube and rate video"}}, {"audio_id": "ke2Su5Sxbcu", "text": {"ke2Su5Sxbcu-00000-00000842-00001142": "My name is AWR1 Joseph Jiardina.", "ke2Su5Sxbcu-00001-00001142-00001335": "My job is helicopter Naval aircrewman.", "ke2Su5Sxbcu-00002-00001335-00001850": "I fly in the back, I’m a rescue swimmer.", "ke2Su5Sxbcu-00003-00001850-00002159": "I’m with HSM-35.", "ke2Su5Sxbcu-00004-00002159-00002796": "Right now we’re in the Java Sea and we’re on USS Sampson (DDG 102).", "ke2Su5Sxbcu-00005-00002796-00003605": "We’re here as part of the Indonesian lead search for the Air Asia flight.", "ke2Su5Sxbcu-00006-00003605-00004322": "With four people in the helicopter, the two pilots up front will look up front and then", "ke2Su5Sxbcu-00007-00004322-00004682": "the two crewmen in the back, ones a rescue swimmer, the other’s a crew chief, we’ll", "ke2Su5Sxbcu-00008-00004682-00005180": "keep an eye out either side and behind us.", "ke2Su5Sxbcu-00009-00005180-00005923": "For the parts of the aircraft, yes we’ll jump in but for the remains we’ll let the", "ke2Su5Sxbcu-00010-00005923-00006492": "boat handle that because we don’t want the rotor wash destroying any part that could", "ke2Su5Sxbcu-00011-00006492-00006713": "be identified.", "ke2Su5Sxbcu-00012-00006713-00006846": "We tell the boat.", "ke2Su5Sxbcu-00013-00006846-00007776": "The boat will make best speeds to where our position is.", "ke2Su5Sxbcu-00014-00007776-00008308": "Once the boat takes over, we go back out and we keep searching.", "ke2Su5Sxbcu-00015-00008308-00008643": "Honestly I’m honored to be here.", "ke2Su5Sxbcu-00016-00008643-00009294": "For myself having a family I know that I would want closure and to give those families closure,", "ke2Su5Sxbcu-00017-00009294-00009296": "I’m proud to do that."}}, {"audio_id": "ke59YC-ikfU", "text": {"ke59YC-ikfU-00000-00000594-00000860": "NINA There's other additional values to studying", "ke59YC-ikfU-00001-00000861-00001526": "globally with regard to making new really long-term friends, and friends that can carry", "ke59YC-ikfU-00002-00001526-00002141": "you into new jobs or maybe even working overseas in the future. There's new doors and pathways", "ke59YC-ikfU-00003-00002141-00002721": "that open when you're on exchange that you may not be open to if you stay home.", "ke59YC-ikfU-00004-00002721-00003173": "With regard to the academic experience, it really taught me a lot about how to become", "ke59YC-ikfU-00005-00003173-00003839": "adaptable and flexible to a new learning environment: how to approach understanding the needs and", "ke59YC-ikfU-00006-00003839-00004427": "wants of new academics that I was working with, what calibre of work were they looking", "ke59YC-ikfU-00007-00004427-00004970": "for, what was the kind of time constraints that I was given to complete that work? Also,", "ke59YC-ikfU-00008-00004971-00005496": "mixing that in with a lifestyle change: having new social settings and social commitments,", "ke59YC-ikfU-00009-00005496-00005926": "and also having new hobbies and recreational activities that were available to me that", "ke59YC-ikfU-00010-00005926-00006326": "wouldn't be available at home. While I  was on exchange, I feel like I developed", "ke59YC-ikfU-00011-00006326-00006630": "a lot of skills both personally, academically, and with", "ke59YC-ikfU-00012-00006630-00007300": "regards to my employability. I learned about resilience and flexibility with adapting to", "ke59YC-ikfU-00013-00007301-00007564": "a new environment, to a new social setting, and", "ke59YC-ikfU-00014-00007564-00007881": "to a new institutional framework. I also learned a lot about", "ke59YC-ikfU-00015-00007881-00008366": "time management, and also my own ability to manage the different stresses that I have", "ke59YC-ikfU-00016-00008366-00008736": "available to me, and to almost  compartmentalise those for the", "ke59YC-ikfU-00017-00008736-00009097": "most effective result. I think,  as  well, I learned a lot about", "ke59YC-ikfU-00018-00009097-00009635": "communication, and specifically cross-cultural communication, and being able to share my", "ke59YC-ikfU-00019-00009635-00010132": "understandings and conceptualisations and perspectives, and also integrate that understanding", "ke59YC-ikfU-00020-00010132-00010370": "with what I'm learning around me.", "ke59YC-ikfU-00021-00010402-00011172": "As well as that, I think I developed a lot with regard to my kind of—my ability to", "ke59YC-ikfU-00022-00011173-00011588": "understand and problem-solve.  Through that problem-solving,", "ke59YC-ikfU-00023-00011588-00012132": "being able to be really resourceful I think, as well, was a really big part of it."}}, {"audio_id": "kef2adqgVqU", "text": {"kef2adqgVqU-00000-00000006-00000378": "You remember my son, you know the lamb journey", "kef2adqgVqU-00001-00001036-00001236": "About five minutes ago actually", "kef2adqgVqU-00002-00001303-00001889": "After I endured blistering winds scorching desert. I climbed to the highest women a tortoise", "kef2adqgVqU-00003-00001961-00002161": "mummy can handle this", "kef2adqgVqU-00004-00002209-00002564": "He injures blistering winds and scorching deserts", "kef2adqgVqU-00005-00002610-00003194": "He climbs to the highest bloody Rome at the tallest bloody tower. What does he find some?", "kef2adqgVqU-00006-00003250-00003839": "Gender-confused wolf telling him at his princess if I could just already married. I mean it was my fault", "kef2adqgVqU-00007-00003839-00004040": "He didn't get there in tar stop", "kef2adqgVqU-00008-00004348-00004548": "Guys go", "kef2adqgVqU-00009-00005244-00005444": "Boy", "kef2adqgVqU-00010-00005794-00006350": "Okay to Renaissance rats no mayo cheering fish meal fish meal", "kef2adqgVqU-00011-00006993-00007370": "And this comes with medieval means hey", "kef2adqgVqU-00012-00007714-00008183": "You see we made a deal, let's go, but I assume you don't want me to go back on my part", "kef2adqgVqU-00013-00008242-00008353": "indeed", "kef2adqgVqU-00014-00008353-00008684": "So so viral and Jamie will meet together", "kef2adqgVqU-00015-00008767-00009293": "Yes, Oh believe me busco. It's what's best not only for your daughter", "kef2adqgVqU-00016-00009504-00009704": "But for your kingdom", "kef2adqgVqU-00017-00010177-00010682": "What are you supposed to do about it use your imagination"}}, {"audio_id": "kep6h0Iyu4c", "text": {"kep6h0Iyu4c-00000-00000000-00000448": "so here's the plan two teams raised from southwest to northeast london with one team being on an", "kep6h0Iyu4c-00001-00000448-00001000": "electric scooter and one team taking advantage of the widely accessible public transport of the", "kep6h0Iyu4c-00002-00001000-00001496": "city we each have three challenges to complete one of them being buy and eat a sustainable meal", "kep6h0Iyu4c-00003-00001496-00002016": "on your way the second being visits an iconic london landmark and the third being get a random", "kep6h0Iyu4c-00004-00002016-00002432": "member of the public to subscribe to the other team's youtube channel oh yeah and to make it", "kep6h0Iyu4c-00005-00002432-00002816": "a little bit harder team public transport have a wild card challenge where they need to use at", "kep6h0Iyu4c-00006-00002816-00003336": "least five modes of public transport to complete their challenges who is going to win this iconic", "kep6h0Iyu4c-00007-00003336-00004648": "race across london what should the end to find out let's go i don't know any of the [ __ ] tubes", "kep6h0Iyu4c-00008-00004648-00005080": "i don't know any of this [ __ ] i don't know what i'm doing i don't know where the [ __ ] i'm going", "kep6h0Iyu4c-00009-00005080-00005560": "oh god when does it cross over there's a train there should we just jump on the train i don't", "kep6h0Iyu4c-00010-00005560-00005944": "know where it's going though i'm just gonna have to go for it right so what i actually need to do", "kep6h0Iyu4c-00011-00005944-00006328": "first is find a route because i have no [ __ ] clue where i'm going stranded in the middle", "kep6h0Iyu4c-00012-00006328-00006759": "of nowhere my scooter is not even fully charged like i don't know what to do oh it's not working", "kep6h0Iyu4c-00013-00007072-00007552": "oh my that's a good start isn't it and that's literally their train there they're literally", "kep6h0Iyu4c-00014-00007552-00007952": "getting on that train [ __ ] you know apparently it's going to take an hour and a half to cycle", "kep6h0Iyu4c-00015-00007952-00008560": "but i'm going a little bit faster than the cycle so right let's go how fast", "kep6h0Iyu4c-00016-00008560-00009104": "those little scooter things go there's no way 21 now yeah there's no way he's", "kep6h0Iyu4c-00017-00009104-00009568": "beating us mode of transport one we're going from here to hammersmith where's hammersmith", "kep6h0Iyu4c-00018-00009744-00010224": "it's already stressful as [ __ ] three minutes away it's still too long though", "kep6h0Iyu4c-00019-00010224-00010696": "is he gonna be in three minutes as kasha waited patiently for a train i swiftly made a move", "kep6h0Iyu4c-00020-00010696-00011336": "to try and get my first challenge done could i please get a pan of chocolate and", "kep6h0Iyu4c-00021-00011336-00012000": "a white iced mocha with no cream and coconut milk please first challenge is getting done thank you", "kep6h0Iyu4c-00022-00012448-00012776": "what are we done what we've done kai this is not good already", "kep6h0Iyu4c-00023-00012896-00013272": "we've already missed a stop we've got to go back to gunnersbury so we should have got off there and", "kep6h0Iyu4c-00024-00013272-00013672": "then we've got to jump on the tube just one stop yeah literally just literally back one oh look", "kep6h0Iyu4c-00025-00013672-00014608": "at them flats they're well nice i've got text from jack matson what does he want i have had", "kep6h0Iyu4c-00026-00014608-00015304": "a tony blair nice actually unreal i'm sitting here in starbucks charging my skewer", "kep6h0Iyu4c-00027-00015304-00015784": "already like are you joking oh wait what's going on for both of us he's", "kep6h0Iyu4c-00028-00015784-00016152": "sat in starbucks charging his [ __ ] scooter i was gonna say yeah maybe it's not that bad", "kep6h0Iyu4c-00029-00016592-00016952": "i'm just finishing starbucks i've charged my scooter to around about two bars right and", "kep6h0Iyu4c-00030-00016952-00017400": "i've just realized that there is another starbucks on the route that i'm heading to so i'm gonna go", "kep6h0Iyu4c-00031-00017400-00017840": "to that next one recharge my scooter a little bit more to around about two bars again and just keep", "kep6h0Iyu4c-00032-00017840-00018272": "recharging at every station so sort of like pit stops rather than staying at this one for like an", "kep6h0Iyu4c-00033-00018272-00018704": "hour wasting so much time and being so behind i need to stay on kaiser's tail if i'm going to", "kep6h0Iyu4c-00034-00018704-00019160": "win this challenge let's go i i need to get i need to get head i need to get moving man i'm so behind", "kep6h0Iyu4c-00035-00019160-00019632": "i was on the move but so was kaiser i needed to make up some really valuable time here we have", "kep6h0Iyu4c-00036-00019632-00020128": "made some proper progress now lovely we found the boris bike that's quite excited we're definitely", "kep6h0Iyu4c-00037-00020128-00020496": "going to die we're going to get killed on these bikes 30 minutes of each journey is", "kep6h0Iyu4c-00038-00020496-00021528": "free so we can get there in 30 minutes it's free let's go then there we go got one bike unlocked", "kep6h0Iyu4c-00039-00021648-00022200": "yes oh my god if we don't get killed i think that's gonna be an achievement it's a great", "kep6h0Iyu4c-00040-00022200-00022784": "day out i wonder what batson's doing now the scooter's [ __ ] the scooter is completely dead", "kep6h0Iyu4c-00041-00022784-00023288": "there's no battery life left in the scooter like literally it's off okay what i'm doing right now", "kep6h0Iyu4c-00042-00023288-00023736": "i'm walking to the nearest train station hopefully on the train that i'm gonna get on there's gonna", "kep6h0Iyu4c-00043-00023736-00024264": "be some plug sockets what i'm gonna be able to charge the scooter from pretty much then make", "kep6h0Iyu4c-00044-00024264-00024680": "like the last final stretch on the scooter because it's completely left it's completely dead if i", "kep6h0Iyu4c-00045-00024680-00025144": "carried on like this in this state on the scooter i'd be there [ __ ] next week all", "kep6h0Iyu4c-00046-00025144-00025584": "right it's not happening all right scoot was dead and casual was miles ahead on a boris bike", "kep6h0Iyu4c-00047-00025584-00026120": "at this point there was no way i was going to win i am so hot right now words cannot explain", "kep6h0Iyu4c-00048-00026192-00026656": "it was snowing the other day in london [ __ ] kidding me oh look at that absolutely perfect", "kep6h0Iyu4c-00049-00026656-00027136": "couldn't have planned it better myself right we're ditching the bikes oh my god did you just see", "kep6h0Iyu4c-00050-00027136-00027592": "that that was quite cool right we're ditching the bikes and we're going on foot to find food my legs", "kep6h0Iyu4c-00051-00027664-00028208": "can help you my legs are right at four but it was very exhilarating it's probably more", "kep6h0Iyu4c-00052-00028208-00028792": "scary than thought part so we are here and we want to get over here that's a bit of a trek", "kep6h0Iyu4c-00053-00028792-00029304": "oh they do have bikes today we better get [ __ ] walking do you know where we get bikes from", "kep6h0Iyu4c-00054-00029495-00029904": "ah no worries that's no [ __ ] health is it so i'm currently at partners", "kep6h0Iyu4c-00055-00030224-00030552": "you guys can see i've basically got to be here", "kep6h0Iyu4c-00056-00030552-00031000": "praying that i'm not going in that direction pastor still needs to do all of his challenges", "kep6h0Iyu4c-00057-00031000-00032383": "which means i could make up some pretty valuable time here if i'm lucky if i'm lucky", "kep6h0Iyu4c-00058-00032888-00033784": "wonder if we can see batson from the top of it all right technically we've touched the london eye", "kep6h0Iyu4c-00059-00033928-00034112": "all right we don't have time for looking at it we've got to go", "kep6h0Iyu4c-00060-00034352-00034752": "so i just got off the train i'm pretty much at the london eye now that's my landmark done that's two", "kep6h0Iyu4c-00061-00034752-00035112": "hour free challenges completely finished right i don't know the update on casual i don't know", "kep6h0Iyu4c-00062-00035112-00035544": "what he's doing i don't know if he's got a meal or whatever i don't have any [ __ ] clue all i", "kep6h0Iyu4c-00063-00035544-00035936": "need to do now is get someone to subscribe to his channel and then make my way to the ota arena as", "kep6h0Iyu4c-00064-00035936-00036360": "fast as possible i don't even know how far it is from here scoot is dead i might have to go and", "kep6h0Iyu4c-00065-00036360-00036848": "find another starbucks to recharge but he could literally already be there just [ __ ] beating", "kep6h0Iyu4c-00066-00036848-00037216": "his me not being with me like literally be [ __ ] standing there like a lemon in front", "kep6h0Iyu4c-00067-00037216-00037664": "of the o2 arena i could have no [ __ ] clue i'm stressing i'm sweating my scooter's dead", "kep6h0Iyu4c-00068-00037768-00038248": "i'm gonna have a [ __ ] aneurysm all right in a bit by some stroke of luck my trainer caught up to", "kep6h0Iyu4c-00069-00038248-00038728": "kaisha and i wasn't that far behind anymore i just need to maintain this pace right this way please", "kep6h0Iyu4c-00070-00039040-00039264": "cheers mate now we're really moving", "kep6h0Iyu4c-00071-00039352-00039760": "to make it across this river we are making progress a nice beverage", "kep6h0Iyu4c-00072-00039984-00040152": "there's no way babson's catching us now", "kep6h0Iyu4c-00073-00040576-00040936": "i need to get one person to subscribe to his channel and you might help me out subscribe", "kep6h0Iyu4c-00074-00040936-00041304": "to this channel you cannot subscribe after don't bother me alright cool you need to", "kep6h0Iyu4c-00075-00041304-00042184": "look clean for this video just type k-y s-h-a will come up kasha yeah if you just subscribe", "kep6h0Iyu4c-00076-00042376-00042808": "there we go thank you man i appreciate it thank you bro that's what all this challenge has done", "kep6h0Iyu4c-00077-00042808-00043128": "i've just completed all the challenges all right now all that's left to do now head to the other", "kep6h0Iyu4c-00078-00043128-00043680": "arena as fast as possible miyabakasha hopefully he's not already there because if he is i might", "kep6h0Iyu4c-00079-00043680-00044120": "as well just delete the channel that's my my challenge and i [ __ ] lost oh [ __ ] i actually", "kep6h0Iyu4c-00080-00044120-00044584": "don't know where he is because the last text i've got from batson is that he is still in starbucks", "kep6h0Iyu4c-00081-00044584-00045128": "charging his [ __ ] thing so where the [ __ ] is he i just don't understand he texts me saying i'm", "kep6h0Iyu4c-00082-00045128-00045880": "gonna lose so that that raises the stakes doesn't it son go away i'm [ __ ] sweating bricks oh god", "kep6h0Iyu4c-00083-00046088-00046384": "i could do the five guys", "kep6h0Iyu4c-00084-00046856-00047224": "still quite a bit away from the o2 you guys can see that red marker is where i need to", "kep6h0Iyu4c-00085-00047224-00047672": "be the blue marker is where i am so what a long way to go i hope like i hope clash's", "kep6h0Iyu4c-00086-00047672-00048160": "train is like crashed or something you know how sick that would be if he's just like dead", "kep6h0Iyu4c-00087-00048336-00048768": "yeah about that was kind of rude disasters hit again starbucks won't let me charge my scooter", "kep6h0Iyu4c-00088-00048768-00049192": "if i don't buy anything if i have another coffee i'm gonna [ __ ] myself so i'm gonna", "kep6h0Iyu4c-00089-00049192-00049544": "have to find somewhere that's gonna let me charge the scooter for like literally 10 minutes it'll", "kep6h0Iyu4c-00090-00049544-00049960": "give me enough power it gets where i need to be but as it stands i'm gonna have to run the", "kep6h0Iyu4c-00091-00049960-00050344": "whole way because the scooter is completely dead like there's no battery left i need to", "kep6h0Iyu4c-00092-00050344-00050704": "find somewhere quick that's gonna let me fight that's going to let me charge this skewer um", "kep6h0Iyu4c-00093-00050704-00051136": "so i've ordered it i've ordered an uber me and uber from hyde park to piccadilly that'd be our", "kep6h0Iyu4c-00094-00051136-00051688": "third mail of transport fourth technically turret there's a turd right let's go", "kep6h0Iyu4c-00095-00051896-00052440": "on red force how's it going boss we are in a rush we are on a race across london", "kep6h0Iyu4c-00096-00052440-00053024": "against our friend okay dude have you seen him he's on an electric scooter i have no clue", "kep6h0Iyu4c-00097-00053288-00053296": "the", "kep6h0Iyu4c-00098-00053816-00054160": "i wasn't sure if it was going to work because they're like public plug sockets right but i", "kep6h0Iyu4c-00099-00054160-00054536": "found somewhere to charge my scooter is currently charging i say i get like 10 minutes and then i'm", "kep6h0Iyu4c-00100-00054536-00054944": "just off like i need to go because i have no idea what car she's doing i have no clue", "kep6h0Iyu4c-00101-00055224-00055728": "the deadest thing ever just waiting for a scooter to charge what does my i've actually come to crush", "kep6h0Iyu4c-00102-00055728-00056296": "is probably running around frantic hectic i'm chilling on the [ __ ] corner of a street in", "kep6h0Iyu4c-00103-00056296-00056879": "london charging an electric scooter if you looked up unprepared in a dictionary air a picture of my", "kep6h0Iyu4c-00104-00056879-00057376": "[ __ ] face would come up don't know what to say boys let the team down i've let the team down big", "kep6h0Iyu4c-00105-00057376-00057879": "time excuse me does anyone have a youtube account no one's got youtube account are you joking", "kep6h0Iyu4c-00106-00058032-00058360": "no one's got a youtube account would you be able to subscribe to someone for me", "kep6h0Iyu4c-00107-00058360-00058855": "his name's batson look him up you'll love him i just need to do he does like good videos i need", "kep6h0Iyu4c-00108-00058855-00059304": "to i need to get someone to subscribe to this man see look he legally changed his name to ksi", "kep6h0Iyu4c-00109-00059304-00059776": "it doesn't get better than that i can give him a go i guess yes we did here okay thank you that's", "kep6h0Iyu4c-00110-00059776-00060240": "literally all we needed thank you cheers i feel like they have no idea what we're talking about", "kep6h0Iyu4c-00111-00060240-00060808": "and then it was like it was like what black charge now i've probably been here for about 15 minutes i", "kep6h0Iyu4c-00112-00060808-00061167": "can't stay here much longer otherwise kaiser is just going to get such a big lead and i'm just", "kep6h0Iyu4c-00113-00061167-00061608": "there's literally no i'm probably just going to get [ __ ] dnf what is this gta 5 race bro", "kep6h0Iyu4c-00114-00061608-00062024": "yeah i'm not charging anymore i just gotta go i had this literally my best bet at this point while", "kep6h0Iyu4c-00115-00062024-00062512": "kasha was getting subscribers from my channel i'd somehow caught up to him and even slightly", "kep6h0Iyu4c-00116-00062512-00063184": "overtaken him this race is literally coming down to the final seconds", "kep6h0Iyu4c-00117-00064496-00064791": "i've done it all locked down now a good time to tell you i'm scared of heights", "kep6h0Iyu4c-00118-00064888-00065304": "yeah [ __ ] are you excited not really", "kep6h0Iyu4c-00119-00065824-00066376": "it's a final stretch if he's there i'm going to be pissed i mean the problem is now we don't have any", "kep6h0Iyu4c-00120-00066376-00066872": "control over how fast we're going we're just drifting across the robot so i don't know why", "kep6h0Iyu4c-00121-00066872-00067376": "right i have a sneaky suspicion that kaisha's on one of these i don't know why it'd be good", "kep6h0Iyu4c-00122-00067376-00067896": "for him to use that as like a mode of transport wouldn't it and it would be quite creative who the", "kep6h0Iyu4c-00123-00067896-00068344": "[ __ ] is hammering their misses behind me yeah no he's definitely on one of these 100 percent", "kep6h0Iyu4c-00124-00068344-00068936": "he's on one of these cable cars we're nearly there the end is in sight i do feel need to fall", "kep6h0Iyu4c-00125-00069024-00070184": "is that him no [ __ ] way that's him oh my god that's him on the [ __ ] scooter no way", "kep6h0Iyu4c-00126-00070616-00070984": "the battery is literally flashing the battery on this cover is literally", "kep6h0Iyu4c-00127-00070984-00071520": "flashing red are you taking the piss no way is that him who came riding along bloody", "kep6h0Iyu4c-00128-00071776-00072160": "are you [ __ ] kidding me any second i was going to die i'm scooting with my", "kep6h0Iyu4c-00129-00072160-00072888": "foot man what the [ __ ] the scooter has literally done literally just", "kep6h0Iyu4c-00130-00073272-00074552": "yeah i think i see him i think i see", "kep6h0Iyu4c-00131-00074792-00075192": "what a schmuck schmuck have you done that then i've got a sucker", "kep6h0Iyu4c-00132-00075272-00075864": "beating us turn it on yet it doesn't even doesn't even go that's pretty fascinating", "kep6h0Iyu4c-00133-00075920-00076304": "are you kidding me like that the whole time no no probably like the last 10 minutes it", "kep6h0Iyu4c-00134-00076304-00076720": "was like that there's no battery left how did you lose to that you're [] kidding me", "kep6h0Iyu4c-00135-00076952-00077600": "well we proved that tiny electric bike is better than public transport apparently i'm the winner", "kep6h0Iyu4c-00136-00077864-00078248": "yo i'm so glad that you made it to the end of this video on the right screen right now you will see", "kep6h0Iyu4c-00137-00078248-00078600": "another video by me that i think you're going to love on the left of your screen right now you're", "kep6h0Iyu4c-00138-00078600-00079000": "going to see a link directly to subscribe to this channel which i think that every single", "kep6h0Iyu4c-00139-00079000-00079368": "one of you should do i mean you made it to the end of the video you obviously like my content", "kep6h0Iyu4c-00140-00079368-00079912": "why not want to see videos like this every single week in your subscription box peace"}}, {"audio_id": "keGVLLVU5W8", "text": {"keGVLLVU5W8-00000-00000270-00000943": "Free-standing two-person tent", "keGVLLVU5W8-00001-00000943-00001472": "First public release"}}, {"audio_id": "kf9y0hmNS-c", "text": {"kf9y0hmNS-c-00000-00000084-00000374": "Welcome to the first episode", "kf9y0hmNS-c-00001-00000374-00000586": "of the making of our second album.", "kf9y0hmNS-c-00002-00000624-00000776": "This is Joan, our drum player.", "kf9y0hmNS-c-00003-00000856-00001124": "He has just finished recording drums.", "kf9y0hmNS-c-00004-00001262-00001390": "And he's going to show us", "kf9y0hmNS-c-00005-00001548-00001604": "the studio.", "kf9y0hmNS-c-00006-00003252-00003452": "We have to highlight the change in our sound", "kf9y0hmNS-c-00007-00003600-00003740": "thanks to the technical equipment", "kf9y0hmNS-c-00008-00003890-00004032": "in El Sótano Estudios", "kf9y0hmNS-c-00009-00004098-00004284": "that has made a great effort", "kf9y0hmNS-c-00010-00004574-00004844": "in the creation of a new recording room,", "kf9y0hmNS-c-00011-00004932-00005120": "which is quite impressive.", "kf9y0hmNS-c-00012-00005180-00005404": "This is the control room", "kf9y0hmNS-c-00013-00005476-00005654": "But we're not going to come in", "kf9y0hmNS-c-00014-00005654-00005792": "because Taxa is editing an he will beat us.", "kf9y0hmNS-c-00015-00005964-00006048": "That's it.", "kf9y0hmNS-c-00016-00006826-00007026": "The new room.", "kf9y0hmNS-c-00017-00007128-00007284": "It's a wonder, really.", "kf9y0hmNS-c-00018-00007334-00007600": "We also have to mention the importance of Ángel", "kf9y0hmNS-c-00019-00007600-00007706": "Pellikana's drum player", "kf9y0hmNS-c-00020-00007838-00008034": "because he's been really important", "kf9y0hmNS-c-00021-00008086-00008538": "regarding tuning and rhythms.", "kf9y0hmNS-c-00022-00008710-00008864": "Unlike the previous album,", "kf9y0hmNS-c-00023-00009002-00009340": "there has been a sound evolution", "kf9y0hmNS-c-00024-00009488-00009972": "mainly thanks to the acquisition of better quality material", "kf9y0hmNS-c-00025-00010072-00010386": "such as cymbals, drumsticks and drumheads.", "kf9y0hmNS-c-00026-00010644-00010836": "Look, there are only a few cables!", "kf9y0hmNS-c-00027-00010882-00011088": "Only a few!", "kf9y0hmNS-c-00028-00011234-00011284": "Only a few!", "kf9y0hmNS-c-00029-00012574-00013116": "I want to highlight Zultan cymbals", "kf9y0hmNS-c-00030-00013228-00013472": "it has been a very importance acquisition", "kf9y0hmNS-c-00031-00013519-00013918": "and they have had an excellent performance", "kf9y0hmNS-c-00032-00013986-00014410": "regarding all the rhythms, sustain", "kf9y0hmNS-c-00033-00014569-00014732": "and the  cymbal hit.", "kf9y0hmNS-c-00034-00014822-00015090": "I am very happy with them.", "kf9y0hmNS-c-00035-00015154-00015818": "Also a Crash thanks to Morgan Mallets", "kf9y0hmNS-c-00036-00015926-00016206": "It's a new series known as Marmara", "kf9y0hmNS-c-00037-00016324-00016530": "and they have a strong sustain", "kf9y0hmNS-c-00038-00016530-00016676": "and a hard hit.", "kf9y0hmNS-c-00039-00016738-00017058": "They are very good for the style I play.", "kf9y0hmNS-c-00040-00017354-00017760": "Finally I want to mention a detail", "kf9y0hmNS-c-00041-00017760-00017960": "regarding  Murat Diril", "kf9y0hmNS-c-00042-00018082-00018612": "that has surprised me with a Black See Bell.", "kf9y0hmNS-c-00043-00019406-00019606": "And that's all, folks.", "kf9y0hmNS-c-00044-00019812-00019894": "That's all."}}, {"audio_id": "kfiH0IwJzcA", "text": {"kfiH0IwJzcA-00000-00001120-00001492": "Hello and welcome to Do Try This at Home brought to you by the Institute of", "kfiH0IwJzcA-00001-00001492-00001903": "Physics. We're making these films to help parents and carers across the UK", "kfiH0IwJzcA-00002-00001903-00002360": "and Ireland get their kids excited and curious about the world around them.", "kfiH0IwJzcA-00003-00002360-00002880": "My name's Jenny and welcome to my home. The activity I've got for you today", "kfiH0IwJzcA-00004-00002880-00003247": "is out of this world. It's called the Toilet Roll Solar System,", "kfiH0IwJzcA-00005-00003247-00003568": "perfect for anyone who likes space. What you'll need for this", "kfiH0IwJzcA-00006-00003568-00004407": "is a toilet roll, a fresh clean one, some colouring pens or pencils, scissors,", "kfiH0IwJzcA-00007-00004407-00005055": "some sheets of paper and a ruler. You'll also need a list of the planets", "kfiH0IwJzcA-00008-00005055-00005600": "and their distances and sizes and you can find this on our website.", "kfiH0IwJzcA-00009-00005600-00005919": "Now toilet roll's really horrible to draw on so we're going to draw the", "kfiH0IwJzcA-00010-00005919-00006184": "planets on paper and then you can cut them out", "kfiH0IwJzcA-00011-00006184-00006528": "and stick them on later. We're also going to need to shrink the", "kfiH0IwJzcA-00012-00006528-00006800": "solar system to fit it onto a toilet roll", "kfiH0IwJzcA-00013-00006800-00007223": "so the way we're going to do this is one sheet of toilet paper", "kfiH0IwJzcA-00014-00007223-00007847": "is going to be 30 million kilometers and if we use this scale the Sun would", "kfiH0IwJzcA-00015-00007847-00008184": "be this big. if the Sun was this big the Earth would", "kfiH0IwJzcA-00016-00008184-00008568": "be too small to see so we're going to have to cheat. We're", "kfiH0IwJzcA-00017-00008568-00008928": "going to make the Sun and the planets 100 times bigger", "kfiH0IwJzcA-00018-00008928-00009343": "and if we did that the sun would be this big.", "kfiH0IwJzcA-00019-00009488-00010032": "And if the sun is this big the Earth would be this big and that makes", "kfiH0IwJzcA-00020-00010032-00010472": "everything a bit easier to see. The first thing you need to do is build", "kfiH0IwJzcA-00021-00010472-00010815": "your worlds and I'm going to hand you over to two", "kfiH0IwJzcA-00022-00010815-00011584": "planet building experts for this part.", "kfiH0IwJzcA-00023-00014047-00014440": "Great! Now you've got your planets ready you're ready to stick them down and lay", "kfiH0IwJzcA-00024-00014440-00014976": "out your toilet roll solar system. Let's go on the grand tour.", "kfiH0IwJzcA-00025-00014984-00015391": "We're starting at the centre of the solar system with our Sun,", "kfiH0IwJzcA-00026-00015391-00015895": "an ordinary star about halfway through its lifetime.", "kfiH0IwJzcA-00027-00015895-00016240": "Place your loo roll to the edge of the Sun and roll out", "kfiH0IwJzcA-00028-00016240-00016672": "two sheets to get to your first planet Mercury,", "kfiH0IwJzcA-00029-00016672-00017095": "the smallest of the planets, just a little bit bigger than our moon", "kfiH0IwJzcA-00030-00017095-00017431": "and covered in craters.", "kfiH0IwJzcA-00031-00017480-00018112": "Next is Venus, another rocky planet with a thick poisonous atmosphere where", "kfiH0IwJzcA-00032-00018112-00018823": "temperatures can reach over 470 degrees c. Third rock from the Sun,", "kfiH0IwJzcA-00033-00018823-00019208": "our home. A little bigger than Venus the Earth is just", "kfiH0IwJzcA-00034-00019208-00019576": "far enough away from our star for water to be a liquid", "kfiH0IwJzcA-00035-00019576-00019920": "but not too far away that it's all frozen.", "kfiH0IwJzcA-00036-00019920-00020584": "Moving on to Mars, the final rocky planet, it's about half as wide as the Earth. On", "kfiH0IwJzcA-00037-00020584-00021159": "average it's a chilly minus 63 degrees c with ice caps made of solid carbon", "kfiH0IwJzcA-00038-00021159-00021776": "dioxide. Leaving the small inner planets behind", "kfiH0IwJzcA-00039-00021776-00022456": "we go out to Jupiter, the first of the gas giants, and it", "kfiH0IwJzcA-00040-00022456-00022928": "really is giant –over 11 times as wide as Earth", "kfiH0IwJzcA-00041-00022928-00023287": "and has a mass that is two and a half times greater", "kfiH0IwJzcA-00042-00023287-00023864": "than the mass of all the other planets in the solar system put together.", "kfiH0IwJzcA-00043-00023864-00024615": "Moving on we reach another gas giant, Saturn, the second largest planet in the", "kfiH0IwJzcA-00044-00024615-00025008": "solar system and the lord of the rings. It isn't the", "kfiH0IwJzcA-00045-00025008-00025408": "only planet to have rings but it definitely has the most beautiful", "kfiH0IwJzcA-00046-00025408-00025895": "ones. Six down and two to go and there's a", "kfiH0IwJzcA-00047-00025895-00026304": "reason that the last pair are called the outer planets.", "kfiH0IwJzcA-00048-00026304-00026808": "It took the Voyager spacecraft five years to travel this distance.", "kfiH0IwJzcA-00049-00026808-00027383": "About four Earths across, Uranus is an ice giant and was the first planet to be", "kfiH0IwJzcA-00050-00027383-00028016": "discovered using a telescope. And finally up here in the loft,", "kfiH0IwJzcA-00051-00028016-00028416": "four and a half billion kilometers out from the Sun,", "kfiH0IwJzcA-00052-00028416-00028775": "we reach the last planet that we know about,", "kfiH0IwJzcA-00053-00028775-00029352": "Neptune! Another ice giant about the same size as uranus and surrounded by", "kfiH0IwJzcA-00054-00029352-00029808": "supersonic winds that take 165 years to complete", "kfiH0IwJzcA-00055-00029808-00030568": "one lap around its host star the Sun. We got all the way to the loft it's such", "kfiH0IwJzcA-00056-00030568-00031039": "a long way to Neptune and that's just in our solar system.", "kfiH0IwJzcA-00057-00031039-00031616": "So let's roll it up, repairing any tears as we go,", "kfiH0IwJzcA-00058-00031616-00032283": "and put it back into its box to treasure", "kfiH0IwJzcA-00059-00032283-00032695": "forever. If you liked this film then please give", "kfiH0IwJzcA-00060-00032695-00033040": "it a like and why not head on over to our website where there's lots more", "kfiH0IwJzcA-00061-00033040-00033984": "activities that you can do at home. Thanks for watching and see you next time!"}}, {"audio_id": "kfHAoBIKZVg", "text": {"kfHAoBIKZVg-00000-00000000-00000200": "General Musharraf"}}, {"audio_id": "kfIYIZamkBA", "text": {"kfIYIZamkBA-00000-00000350-00000600": "Epic Thunder & Rain", "kfIYIZamkBA-00001-00000600-00001100": "Rainstorm Sounds For Relaxing Focus Or Sleep"}}, {"audio_id": "kfa6PWVMYMA", "text": {"kfa6PWVMYMA-00000-00003184-00003670": "As you may have noticed during the last section of the course,", "kfa6PWVMYMA-00001-00003697-00004200": "a person-centered approach build on individual patient's view and wishes,", "kfa6PWVMYMA-00002-00004200-00004644": "is essential in themanagement of older patients with chronic kidney disease.", "kfa6PWVMYMA-00003-00004644-00005296": "Therefore functionality and the individual capacity to manage the daily needs in practice", "kfa6PWVMYMA-00004-00005296-00005782": "become essential when working with older patients and chronic kidney disease.", "kfa6PWVMYMA-00005-00005782-00006260": "Partners from university of Erlangen Germany will explain to you", "kfa6PWVMYMA-00006-00006260-00006723": "how to test functionality and mobility in more detail.", "kfa6PWVMYMA-00007-00006798-00007384": "Welcome to the video of the importance of physical functioning in order persons", "kfa6PWVMYMA-00008-00007384-00007808": "and especially in chronic kidney disease persons.", "kfa6PWVMYMA-00009-00007808-00008116": "And in the second part of this session", "kfa6PWVMYMA-00010-00008116-00008700": "I explaine about the possibility of obtaining physical functioning.", "kfa6PWVMYMA-00011-00008700-00008828": "What do we know?", "kfa6PWVMYMA-00012-00008828-00009584": "We know for example that life expectancy is not unfortunately congruent with healthy life years.", "kfa6PWVMYMA-00013-00009584-00009906": "So in research one of the question is", "kfa6PWVMYMA-00014-00009906-00010696": "which are the component of having an impact of this unhealthy life years.", "kfa6PWVMYMA-00015-00010696-00011110": "One of the components which is coming more and more into the topic nowadays", "kfa6PWVMYMA-00016-00011110-00011366": "is actually physical functioning in older persons.", "kfa6PWVMYMA-00017-00011444-00011612": "How do we know it?", "kfa6PWVMYMA-00018-00011612-00012130": "There has been research about risk of mortality by Francesco Landi", "kfa6PWVMYMA-00019-00012130-00012640": "and he demonstrated that it's not the number of chronic diseases", "kfa6PWVMYMA-00020-00012640-00013091": "which are responsible fo rincreased risk of mortality", "kfa6PWVMYMA-00021-00013091-00013456": "but the chronic diseases with and in addition", "kfa6PWVMYMA-00022-00013462-00013936": "impairment in physical functioning or even disability.", "kfa6PWVMYMA-00023-00013936-00014388": "If this comes together then there is an increased risk of mortality.", "kfa6PWVMYMA-00024-00014436-00014734": "So what do we know for example that", "kfa6PWVMYMA-00025-00014734-00015263": "physical functioning is having an impact on daily life", "kfa6PWVMYMA-00026-00015263-00015868": "and on life expectancy and this even that the component of physical functioning", "kfa6PWVMYMA-00027-00015868-00016646": "is so important has been supported by a report by the WHO 2015", "kfa6PWVMYMA-00028-00016646-00017256": "which has released the report on aging in health and integrated there", "kfa6PWVMYMA-00029-00017256-00018056": "the model of intrinsic capacity; putting the focus on physical functioning and functional abilities again.", "kfa6PWVMYMA-00030-00018056-00018678": "So what do we know with regard to chronic kidney disease and physical functioning?", "kfa6PWVMYMA-00031-00018678-00019402": "We know for example that unfortunately chronic kidney disease is increasing the risk", "kfa6PWVMYMA-00032-00019402-00020172": "on decreased physical functioning as a systematic review 2013 has demonstrated.", "kfa6PWVMYMA-00033-00020172-00020622": "And the group of SCOPE - the European project -", "kfa6PWVMYMA-00034-00020622-00021276": "has published in 2018 the systematic review with the questions:", "kfa6PWVMYMA-00035-00021276-00021876": "are the differences in different (e.g.) phenotypes of physical function", "kfa6PWVMYMA-00036-00021876-00022312": "or different filtration rates - are they having a different impact?", "kfa6PWVMYMA-00037-00022338-00023242": "So this review demonstrated actually that there is a flowerpot of measurement probabilities", "kfa6PWVMYMA-00038-00023242-00023482": "for obtaining physical functioning.", "kfa6PWVMYMA-00039-00023502-00024288": "And in addition - yes - it seemed that chronic kidney disease at different stages are having an impact.", "kfa6PWVMYMA-00040-00024376-00024814": "So furthermore what do we know at this stage?", "kfa6PWVMYMA-00041-00024814-00025458": "There are two new syndromes in geriatric medicine which is sarcopenia and frailty.", "kfa6PWVMYMA-00042-00025486-00026332": "Sarcopenia again the entrance point is actually low muscle strength again functioning", "kfa6PWVMYMA-00043-00026332-00026968": "and then low muscle mass and then physical performance as gait speed.", "kfa6PWVMYMA-00044-00026995-00027494": "So physical functioning in sarcopenia is playing a huge role", "kfa6PWVMYMA-00045-00027494-00027922": "and the other new syndrome in geriatric medicine is frailty,", "kfa6PWVMYMA-00046-00027922-00028486": "which is vulnerability in older persons to stressors and again", "kfa6PWVMYMA-00047-00028488-00029080": "functioning is playing in (e.g.) the Linda Frieds model of frailty a huge role", "kfa6PWVMYMA-00048-00029086-00029466": "with a decrease in strength; a decrease in gait speed", "kfa6PWVMYMA-00049-00029466-00030180": "by producing a low physical activity level,  having an evening impact on nutrition.", "kfa6PWVMYMA-00050-00030180-00030920": "So as you can see physical functioning nowadays is very important to obtain", "kfa6PWVMYMA-00051-00030920-00031630": "and to really identify older person and especially it was chronic kidney disease", "kfa6PWVMYMA-00052-00031630-00032180": "to be able to point them to adequate intervention programs", "kfa6PWVMYMA-00053-00032180-00032666": "and to modify the decrease in physical functioning.", "kfa6PWVMYMA-00054-00032810-00033508": "Coming now to the area of how do I obtain physical functioning.", "kfa6PWVMYMA-00055-00033508-00034092": "As I said it's a flower pot with different tools for physical functioning.", "kfa6PWVMYMA-00056-00034092-00034832": "So we decided in SCOPE for example to take the short physical performance battery (SPPB),", "kfa6PWVMYMA-00057-00034832-00035424": "which is one of the most used batteries to obtain physical functioning.", "kfa6PWVMYMA-00058-00035424-00035540": "Why?", "kfa6PWVMYMA-00059-00035570-00036042": "First of all it has demonstrated very good reliability,", "kfa6PWVMYMA-00060-00036042-00036704": "very good validity and even more it has sensitivity to change,", "kfa6PWVMYMA-00061-00036704-00037380": "meaning that if you put an older person to an intervention and you want to measure", "kfa6PWVMYMA-00062-00037380-00037900": "the impact of the intervention by pre-post test, that the SPPB is", "kfa6PWVMYMA-00063-00037900-00038376": "able to measure the differences which are really significant.", "kfa6PWVMYMA-00064-00038376-00039086": "So how is the physical performance the SPPB being used?", "kfa6PWVMYMA-00065-00039086-00039586": "One part is balanced testing and different foot positions", "kfa6PWVMYMA-00066-00039586-00040188": "so you have side by side standing, we have semi-tandem standing and you have tandem standing.", "kfa6PWVMYMA-00067-00040188-00040554": "Each position you should hold for 10 seconds.", "kfa6PWVMYMA-00068-00040554-00040988": "It's being measured and stopped and if you hold 10 seconds", "kfa6PWVMYMA-00069-00040988-00041364": "that timing is being translated into scores", "kfa6PWVMYMA-00070-00041398-00042096": "So if you can't hold your balance for 10 seconds side by side that would mean you're getting a score of zero", "kfa6PWVMYMA-00071-00042096-00042930": "because you have a very low balance and that means you're probably more immobile than anything else.", "kfa6PWVMYMA-00072-00042950-00043492": "So if you hold your balance (e.g.) you follow up through the different stages", "kfa6PWVMYMA-00073-00043502-00043854": "in tandem stands for 10 seconds then you get a score of 4.", "kfa6PWVMYMA-00074-00043854-00044412": "So in total for the balanc testing you can get it to a score of 4.", "kfa6PWVMYMA-00075-00044446-00045034": "The next component of the battery is actually the 4 meter walk.", "kfa6PWVMYMA-00076-00045034-00045604": "And the 4 meter walk is being performed twice; you will take the best timing", "kfa6PWVMYMA-00077-00045604-00046534": "and it's again stopped and the best kind of testing score is being used and translated again into scores.", "kfa6PWVMYMA-00078-00046534-00047158": "So for the gait speed if you're very fast in your gait speed you will again would get a score of 4.", "kfa6PWVMYMA-00079-00047158-00048008": "In the last test - as I said before gait speed is function in older persons -", "kfa6PWVMYMA-00080-00048008-00048490": "it's taking a very relevant indicator of it.", "kfa6PWVMYMA-00081-00048490-00049056": "So the last component of the SPPB is the chair-rise.", "kfa6PWVMYMA-00082-00049056-00049752": "You have your participant stand or patient stand up once was arm folded across the chest", "kfa6PWVMYMA-00083-00049752-00050502": "to see if he's able to get up and then you let him get up 5 times and again you stop the time.", "kfa6PWVMYMA-00084-00050532-00051286": "And again the time he needed to get up 5 times is being translated to a score of 4.", "kfa6PWVMYMA-00085-00051312-00052062": "So in total you can get 12 points in the SPBB meaning you're on a very high level of physical functioning;", "kfa6PWVMYMA-00086-00052062-00052574": "the lower the score it's meaning - for example between 7 and 10 -", "kfa6PWVMYMA-00087-00052574-00053129": "these persons should be appointed to appropriate intervention programs", "kfa6PWVMYMA-00088-00053129-00053432": "for modifying their loss of physical function.", "kfa6PWVMYMA-00089-00053472-00054046": "So to wrap up - the take home message - for the assessment tools is", "kfa6PWVMYMA-00090-00054091-00054746": "all the physicians and especially medical staff especially as I demonstrated", "kfa6PWVMYMA-00091-00054746-00055282": "that physical function in chronic kidney disease, is negatively related", "kfa6PWVMYMA-00092-00055282-00055576": "you should obtain physical functioning", "kfa6PWVMYMA-00093-00055596-00056096": "hopefully with the SPPB in chronic kidney disease persons.", "kfa6PWVMYMA-00094-00056096-00056900": "The SPPB is very valuable, but nevertheless there are other tests out again", "kfa6PWVMYMA-00095-00056900-00057662": "for example the handgrip strength, but this test you have to make sure that everybody in your setting", "kfa6PWVMYMA-00096-00057662-00058284": "is using the same protocol because sometimes hand grip is measured in a standing position,", "kfa6PWVMYMA-00097-00058284-00058512": "sometimes in a sitting position.", "kfa6PWVMYMA-00098-00058512-00059174": "So please make sure that if you use physical functioning performance tool", "kfa6PWVMYMA-00099-00059174-00059417": "that everybody is doing the same thing.", "kfa6PWVMYMA-00100-00059479-00059778": "With this thank you for your attention."}}, {"audio_id": "kg5sbw7dCRE", "text": {"kg5sbw7dCRE-00000-00000000-00000050": "denzel washington speech", "kg5sbw7dCRE-00001-00001512-00002397": "I'm particularly proud and happy about the young filmmakers actors singers", "kg5sbw7dCRE-00002-00002397-00003429": "writers producers that are coming up behind my generation in particular Barry", "kg5sbw7dCRE-00003-00003429-00004251": "Jenkins young people understand this young man made 10 15 20 short films", "kg5sbw7dCRE-00004-00004251-00004878": "before he got the opportunity to make moonlight so never give up without", "kg5sbw7dCRE-00005-00004878-00005328": "commitment you'll never start or more importantly", "kg5sbw7dCRE-00006-00005328-00006147": "without consistency you'll never finish it's not easy if it was easy they'd be", "kg5sbw7dCRE-00007-00006147-00006884": "no Kerry Washington if it was easily there'd be no taraji Henson Pete Henson", "kg5sbw7dCRE-00008-00006884-00007361": "if it were easy there'd be no Octavia Spencer but not only that if it were", "kg5sbw7dCRE-00009-00007361-00007835": "easy there'd be no Viola Davis if we reason there'd be no Michael Teague", "kg5sbw7dCRE-00010-00007835-00008456": "Williamson no Steven McKinley Henderson no Russell Hornsby if brizi there'd be", "kg5sbw7dCRE-00011-00008456-00009188": "no Denzel Washington so keep working keep striving never give up fall down", "kg5sbw7dCRE-00012-00009188-00010642": "seven times get up eight ease is a greater threat to progress than hardship", "kg5sbw7dCRE-00013-00010670-00011277": "ease is a greater threat to progress than hardship so people can keep growing", "kg5sbw7dCRE-00014-00011277-00011713": "keep learning see you at work"}}, {"audio_id": "kgY7w4bhJG0", "text": {"kgY7w4bhJG0-00000-00000045-00000768": "The time is not far off, when Ukrainian farmers, despite all the troubles, will go to the field", "kgY7w4bhJG0-00001-00000768-00001171": "in order to feed winter cereals and rapeseed, as well as to sow sunflowers, soybeans and", "kgY7w4bhJG0-00002-00001171-00001448": "other crops, which today are the most promising for realization both domestically and abroad", "kgY7w4bhJG0-00003-00001448-00001548": "foreign markets.", "kgY7w4bhJG0-00004-00001548-00002885": "Without a doubt, most agricultural producers will try to reduce the costs of their cultivation,", "kgY7w4bhJG0-00005-00002885-00003327": "which will apply to almost all aspects: fuel, agricultural fertilizers, and mineral fertilizers.", "kgY7w4bhJG0-00006-00003327-00004038": "Domestic farmers have less and less money due to the small export of grain through sea", "kgY7w4bhJG0-00007-00004038-00004900": "ports, and so far no drastic changes for the better are noticeable.", "kgY7w4bhJG0-00008-00004900-00005257": "Mineral fertilizers are a separate article here.", "kgY7w4bhJG0-00009-00005257-00005752": "In principle, the highest rates of the main application of fertilizers on the fields are", "kgY7w4bhJG0-00010-00005752-00006319": "laid in those years when it is planned to grow corn, sugar beet, and to a lesser extent", "kgY7w4bhJG0-00011-00006319-00006419": "sunflower or soybeans.", "kgY7w4bhJG0-00012-00006419-00006808": "But under wheat and rapeseed, it is equally necessary to give something during sowing,", "kgY7w4bhJG0-00013-00006808-00007272": "as well as carry out sufficient early spring fertilizing with nitrogen fertilizers.", "kgY7w4bhJG0-00014-00007272-00008129": "Indeed, this year some may refuse to use fertilizers for winter crops at all, relying on the reserves", "kgY7w4bhJG0-00015-00008129-00008361": "of nutrients that are already in the soil.", "kgY7w4bhJG0-00016-00008361-00008750": "However, such a strategy will be appropriate only in arid regions of the country, where", "kgY7w4bhJG0-00017-00008750-00008911": "moisture is the main limiting factor in yield.", "kgY7w4bhJG0-00018-00008911-00009339": "On the other hand, in the central, northern and western regions of Ukraine, it is equally", "kgY7w4bhJG0-00019-00009339-00009486": "impossible to do without fertilizers.", "kgY7w4bhJG0-00020-00009486-00009889": "But their value today, as you know, is very \"biting\", not to mention the limited financial", "kgY7w4bhJG0-00021-00009889-00009989": "resources of farms.", "kgY7w4bhJG0-00022-00009989-00010129": "What are the options for getting out of this situation?", "kgY7w4bhJG0-00023-00010129-00010525": "The first thing to start with is to conduct a Soil Audit!", "kgY7w4bhJG0-00024-00010525-00010852": "After all, on the basis of an agrochemical examination (or analysis) of the soil, we", "kgY7w4bhJG0-00025-00010852-00011268": "are able to choose the right type of fertilizers, their rate and method of application, in order", "kgY7w4bhJG0-00026-00011268-00011465": "to ensure high yields at reasonable costs.", "kgY7w4bhJG0-00027-00011465-00011977": "Also, the analysis provides an understanding of the yield of the field and its limiting", "kgY7w4bhJG0-00028-00011977-00012077": "factor.", "kgY7w4bhJG0-00029-00012077-00012453": "And how the Soil Audit is conducted by Makosh - you can see here))", "kgY7w4bhJG0-00030-00012453-00012911": "Next, you need to adjust the pH of the soil.", "kgY7w4bhJG0-00031-00012911-00013091": "For what?", "kgY7w4bhJG0-00032-00013091-00013585": "To make available to the plant the nutrients that are already available in your field.", "kgY7w4bhJG0-00033-00013585-00013837": "If you have problems with acidification, perform liming.", "kgY7w4bhJG0-00034-00013837-00014156": "In addition, liming not only increases the pH, but also creates comfortable conditions", "kgY7w4bhJG0-00035-00014156-00014897": "for the life of soil biota, improves the structure of the soil and its physical properties.", "kgY7w4bhJG0-00036-00014897-00015193": "As for the fertilizer itself, everything is simple here.", "kgY7w4bhJG0-00037-00015193-00015695": "Of course, you can't fool the earth and such a strategy can only work for a while.", "kgY7w4bhJG0-00038-00015695-00016653": "If the farmer skillfully disposes of crop residues every year, ensuring their mineralization,", "kgY7w4bhJG0-00039-00016653-00017531": "and  also applies organic fertilizers, then this", "kgY7w4bhJG0-00040-00017531-00017636": "approach can be quite effective.", "kgY7w4bhJG0-00041-00017636-00018653": "It will not be possible to completely abandon, for example, nitrogen fertilizers.", "kgY7w4bhJG0-00042-00018653-00020403": "After all, nitrogen from mineral fertilizers is responsible not only for an increase in", "kgY7w4bhJG0-00043-00020403-00021786": "the yield, but also for the correct development and growth of plants (has a stimulating effect),", "kgY7w4bhJG0-00044-00021786-00022275": "the plant becomes more resistant to adverse environmental conditions, and the quality", "kgY7w4bhJG0-00045-00022275-00022515": "indicators of the harvest improve.", "kgY7w4bhJG0-00046-00022515-00023845": "This also  applies to phosphorus - it is responsible", "kgY7w4bhJG0-00047-00023845-00024547": "for the development of the root system and the establishment of generative organs.", "kgY7w4bhJG0-00048-00024547-00026083": "We remember that phosphorus is a good start for plants, therefore the application of starter", "kgY7w4bhJG0-00049-00026083-00027031": "fertilizers with the content of this element after sowing is mandatory even if its content", "kgY7w4bhJG0-00050-00027031-00027202": "in the soil is sufficient.", "kgY7w4bhJG0-00051-00027202-00028358": "At least 50-100 kg/ha of nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizer at sowing and one and a half centner", "kgY7w4bhJG0-00052-00028358-00028849": "of either nitrogen or nitrogen-sulphur for pre-sowing treatment will obviously not harm", "kgY7w4bhJG0-00053-00028849-00028949": "the plants.", "kgY7w4bhJG0-00054-00028949-00029866": "Especially if there is moisture in the soil and high chances that the active substance", "kgY7w4bhJG0-00055-00029866-00030072": "will be quickly absorbed.", "kgY7w4bhJG0-00056-00030072-00031133": "The fourth point is the control of weeds in the field.", "kgY7w4bhJG0-00057-00031133-00031764": "Weeds create competition for cultivated plants for both moisture and nutrients.", "kgY7w4bhJG0-00058-00031764-00032657": "In addition, they have greater growth energy and can usually grow faster on crops even", "kgY7w4bhJG0-00059-00032657-00032773": "under adverse conditions.", "kgY7w4bhJG0-00060-00032773-00034193": "Therefore, it is worth taking care of the absence of weeds in the crops, so that there", "kgY7w4bhJG0-00061-00034193-00034556": "are optimal conditions for the growth of agricultural crops.", "kgY7w4bhJG0-00062-00034556-00035197": "And the last thing worth mentioning today, which can reduce the use of mineral fertilizers", "kgY7w4bhJG0-00063-00035197-00035527": "without losing productivity, is the use of agrotechnical means for classical cultivation", "kgY7w4bhJG0-00064-00035527-00035627": "technology.", "kgY7w4bhJG0-00065-00035627-00036316": "It is necessary to create the most comfortable conditions for the growth of agricultural", "kgY7w4bhJG0-00066-00036316-00036973": "crops, prevent moisture loss, provide air access to the root zone, which will be beneficial", "kgY7w4bhJG0-00067-00036973-00037988": "both for the plants themselves and for the soil biota.", "kgY7w4bhJG0-00068-00037988-00040330": "In short, somehow farmers will have to get out, and it is better to do it not by giving", "kgY7w4bhJG0-00069-00040330-00041272": "up mineral nutrition, but by using effective solutions."}}, {"audio_id": "kh3Q6WFTHMI", "text": {"kh3Q6WFTHMI-00000-00000069-00000405": "We waited and waited for Ethereum 2.0, and now", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00001-00000405-00000729": "that the Merge is finally upon us, it's hard to", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00002-00000729-00000846": "contain our excitement.", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00003-00000944-00001302": "Ethereum 2.0 is going to really shake things up", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00004-00001302-00001404": "in the world of crypto.", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00005-00001458-00001748": "ETH 2.0 will be more scalable, more sustainable,", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00006-00001748-00002034": "more secure, and some are even saying it might", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00007-00002034-00002397": "outpace Visa. Those are some pretty hefty", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00008-00002397-00002565": "promises, so let's dive in.", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00009-00002568-00002805": "I'm Jackson DuMont, director of video at", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00010-00002805-00003081": "Cointelegraph. In this video, we'll explain what", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00011-00003081-00003432": "Ethereum 2.0 exactly is and answer many of the", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00012-00003432-00003647": "questions that may be lingering in your mind", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00013-00003647-00003750": "surrounding the Merge.", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00014-00003759-00003965": "If you haven't done so already, please consider", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00015-00003965-00004179": "leaving the like and clicking that subscribe", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00016-00004179-00004398": "button. We are the leading media for crypto news", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00017-00004398-00004533": "coverage and education.", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00018-00005943-00006231": "Why is the upgrade such a game changer?", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00019-00006345-00006551": "If you didn't already put two and two together,", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00020-00006552-00006881": "Ethereum 2.0, or ETH 2.0 for short, is a set of", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00021-00006881-00007044": "upgrades to the Ethereum blockchain.", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00022-00007131-00007383": "The new and improved Ethereum 2.0 uses a", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00023-00007383-00007709": "proof-of-stake protocol to verify transactions in", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00024-00007709-00007941": "place of a legacy proof-of-work algorithm.", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00025-00008055-00008220": "If you're not a crypto native and you're not", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00026-00008220-00008469": "familiar with all this lingo, stick around and", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00027-00008469-00008673": "we'll explain it in more detail later on in the", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00028-00008673-00009006": "video. But first, let's zoom out and look at the", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00029-00009006-00009304": "bigger picture. The \"why\" of all of this.", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00030-00009304-00009564": "And to figure out why something as drastic as", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00031-00009564-00009834": "Ethereum 2.0 is needed in the first place, we", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00032-00009834-00010137": "need to look at the three S's: scalability,", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00033-00010137-00010326": "security and sustainability.", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00034-00010371-00010869": "Scalability. Ethereum 1.0 could only handle an", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00035-00010869-00011094": "average of 13 transactions per second.", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00036-00011106-00011343": "So when the network is really busy processing", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00037-00011343-00011607": "transactions, the transactions will compete with", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00038-00011607-00011892": "another for a slot, and the cost per transaction", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00039-00011892-00012048": "can times skyrocket.", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00040-00012063-00012414": "Just how much? We've seen fees as high as $70 per", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00041-00012414-00012651": "transaction. That's like buying God of War", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00042-00012652-00012834": "Ragnarök every time you want to make a", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00043-00012834-00013391": "transaction. That's way too much.", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00044-00013396-00013694": "Ethereum 1.0 is running all these transactions on", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00045-00013694-00013997": "one single lane, but to reduce network congestion", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00046-00013997-00014231": "and increase transactions per second, Ethereum", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00047-00014231-00014500": "2.0 will split the load of the entire network", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00048-00014501-00014719": "among 63 other shards.", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00049-00014756-00014963": "This will lay the groundwork for the so called", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00050-00014963-00015236": "\"surge\", which can perform more than a 100,000", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00051-00015236-00015350": "transactions per second.", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00052-00015377-00015725": "In comparison, Visa executes something like 1,700", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00053-00015725-00015833": "transactions per second.", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00054-00015866-00016136": "Eventually, the shards may even become as fully", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00055-00016136-00016343": "executable as the Ethereum chain.", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00056-00016346-00016610": "At which point we'd have our old blockchain and", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00057-00016610-00016761": "63 new blockchains.", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00058-00016763-00016937": "Now that is an upgrade.", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00059-00017039-00017228": "Nice.", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00060-00017228-00017501": "Security. When it comes to decentralized networks,", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00061-00017501-00017780": "security is always a top priority.", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00062-00017792-00018050": "These two will make the network resistant to all", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00063-00018050-00018263": "forms of attacks, including what's known among", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00064-00018263-00018522": "the crypto community as 51% attacks.", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00065-00018524-00018809": "That's when malicious users gain control of more", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00066-00018809-00019073": "than 50% of a blockchain's computing power.", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00067-00019100-00019394": "The proof-of-stake system makes 51% attacks", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00068-00019394-00019529": "incredibly difficult.", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00069-00019529-00019766": "To carry out a successful attack, you'd have to", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00070-00019766-00020084": "control 51% of the validators, which means you'd", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00071-00020084-00020297": "have to own 51% of the capital.", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00072-00020348-00020576": "The transition to proof-of-stake makes Ethereum", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00073-00020576-00020810": "slightly more secured and decentralized.", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00074-00020810-00021068": "And just like fine wines or cheese, it'll only", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00075-00021068-00021178": "get better over time.", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00076-00021179-00021428": "The more people participate in the network, the", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00077-00021428-00021653": "more decentralized it will get and the more", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00078-00021653-00021764": "secure it will get.", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00079-00021818-00022244": "Sustainability. Ethereum 1.0 as proof-of-work", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00080-00022244-00022532": "mechanism requires tons of energy to secure the", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00081-00022532-00022838": "network. Miners increase their odds of success by", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00082-00022838-00023090": "acquiring increasingly power hungry mining", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00083-00023090-00023351": "equipment. This not only increases the Ethereum", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00084-00023351-00023570": "Network's energy consumption, but it also", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00085-00023570-00023726": "generates hardware waste.", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00086-00023738-00023966": "In fact, as a result of the legacy proof-of-work", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00087-00023966-00024206": "protocol, Ethereum has an annual power", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00088-00024206-00024446": "consumption approximately equal to that of", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00089-00024446-00024698": "Finland and a carbon footprint similar to", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00090-00024698-00024911": "Switzerland. But since miners staking their", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00091-00024911-00025160": "energy resources are no longer needed to secure", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00092-00025160-00025502": "transactions, Ethereum 2.0 will reduce its carbon", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00093-00025502-00025777": "footprint by 99.95%.", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00094-00025814-00026081": "And since proof-of-stake is roughly 2,000 times", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00095-00026081-00026312": "more efficient than proof-of-work, the energy", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00096-00026312-00026582": "expenditure will be equal to the cost of running", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00097-00026582-00026858": "a laptop for each node on the network.", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00098-00026891-00027099": "That's right. A laptop.", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00099-00027099-00027287": "Excited? I know I am.", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00100-00027289-00027500": "Now that we've built up the hype for the upgrade,", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00101-00027500-00027717": "let's dive into the technical details.", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00102-00027719-00027917": "How does Ethereum 2.0 work?", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00103-00028106-00028338": "You see, all this time, the legacy of Ethereum", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00104-00028338-00028552": "mainnet blockchain has been secured by a", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00105-00028552-00028676": "proof-of-work model.", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00106-00028679-00028856": "It's the Ethereum blockchain we're used to", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00107-00028858-00029030": "containing all the things we are familiar with:", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00108-00029030-00029258": "every transaction, smart contract and balance", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00109-00029258-00029383": "since July 2015.", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00110-00029383-00029639": "But proof-of-work is not just limited to Ethereum.", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00111-00029657-00029864": "It's a battle-tested approach to building", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00112-00029864-00030155": "cryptocurrencies, and it works a lot like this.", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00113-00030188-00030455": "Cryptocurrency miners use powerful computers to", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00114-00030455-00030776": "carry out complex math functions known as hashes.", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00115-00030800-00031037": "The miners are in a race to see who can solve the", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00116-00031037-00031320": "functions the fastest and validate transactions.", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00117-00031322-00031570": "And as they rush to the finish line, the mining", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00118-00031570-00031852": "process devours an ever increasing amount of", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00119-00031852-00032177": "electricity in attempt to verify each and every", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00120-00032177-00032429": "Ethereum transaction before they're recorded on a", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00121-00032443-00032726": "blockchain. But enough about proof-of-work.", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00122-00032764-00033029": "It's out with the old, in with the new.", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00123-00033032-00033245": "Proof-of-stake removes the miners from the", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00124-00033245-00033521": "equation altogether so that instead of machines'", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00125-00033521-00033773": "security networks, the responsibility falls on,", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00126-00033773-00033977": "well, responsible users.", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00127-00033980-00034094": "Here's how it works.", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00128-00034109-00034418": "Users who want to secure their network must stake", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00129-00034418-00034808": "at least 32 ETH and become known as validators.", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00130-00034838-00035081": "An algorithm looks at how much cryptocurrency", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00131-00035081-00035345": "users have locked up to select which lucky", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00132-00035345-00035594": "validator gets to add the next block on the", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00133-00035594-00035882": "blockchain. Essentially, this means that the more", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00134-00035882-00036128": "the validator stakes, the more likely it is that", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00135-00036128-00036380": "that particular validator will get to produce", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00136-00036380-00036716": "blocks. Needless to say, these validators have", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00137-00036716-00036991": "skin in the game. They're incentivized.", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00138-00036991-00037211": "Like miners are in the proof-of-work model by the", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00139-00037211-00037403": "block reward and transaction fees.", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00140-00037421-00037646": "To prevent validators from getting greedy and", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00141-00037646-00037886": "attempting to validate fraudulent transactions,", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00142-00037886-00038207": "the proof-of-stake system will slash a portion of", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00143-00038207-00038309": "their staked ETH.", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00144-00038375-00038648": "What does it take to upgrade the entire Ethereum", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00145-00038648-00039040": "infrastructure? Rome wasn't built in a day, and", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00146-00039040-00039220": "neither was Ethereum 2.0.", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00147-00039248-00039447": "75 years later.", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00148-00039447-00039640": "Ethereum developers have been working toward", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00149-00039640-00039883": "transitioning away from the proof-of-work model", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00150-00039883-00040117": "to a proof-of-stake model for quite some time.", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00151-00040117-00040375": "But tangible progress was finally made on", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00152-00040375-00040696": "December 1st, 2020 with the launch of the Beacon", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00153-00040696-00041020": "Chain. The Beacon Chain was created to introduce", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00154-00041020-00041254": "proof-of-stake into the Ethereum ecosystem.", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00155-00041266-00041542": "For over one and a half years, Ethereum has been", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00156-00041542-00041845": "running not one but two parallel blockchains", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00157-00041845-00042130": "simultaneously. One operates using the legacy", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00158-00042130-00042351": "proof-of-work protocol in the Ethereum mainnet", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00159-00042352-00042655": "blockchain as the execution layer, while the new", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00160-00042655-00042901": "Beacon Chain operates using proof-of-stake as the", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00161-00042901-00043035": "consensus layer.", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00162-00043035-00043306": "In a process you've probably heard of now known as", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00163-00043306-00043549": "the Merge, the current proof-of-work algorithm", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00164-00043549-00043789": "will be merged with a proof-of-stake system", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00165-00043789-00044038": "controlled and coordinated by the Beacon Chain.", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00166-00044038-00044317": "When these two systems finally come together,", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00167-00044320-00044596": "proof-of-work will be replaced by proof-of-stake,", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00168-00044596-00044851": "merging the entire transactional history of", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00169-00044851-00045163": "Ethereum. The Merge will be the most significant", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00170-00045163-00045382": "upgrade in the history of Ethereum and the", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00171-00045382-00045682": "ramifications of the Merge will be huge in the", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00172-00045682-00046033": "world of crypto. Full disclosure for any warriors", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00173-00046033-00046347": "out there, no transaction history will be lost.", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00174-00046348-00046582": "Your funds are completely safe.", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00175-00046585-00046795": "You don't even need to do anything.", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00176-00046795-00047095": "You can just sit back and watch some major crypto", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00177-00047095-00047314": "tech do its magic.", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00178-00047317-00047461": "Terms and conditions apply.", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00179-00047509-00047764": "After the Merge, the next big upgrade on the", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00180-00047764-00048020": "Ethereum horizon is, brace yourselves,", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00181-00048022-00048229": "introducing sharding to the network.", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00182-00048247-00048538": "Sharding is the process of splitting a database", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00183-00048538-00048811": "into multiple sets to spread the load, like", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00184-00048811-00049036": "opening up lanes in a highway to lessen traffic,", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00185-00049036-00049312": "sharding will reduce congestion on the network by", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00186-00049312-00049624": "giving Ethereum more capacity to store and access", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00187-00049624-00049819": "data instead of executing code.", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00188-00049840-00050116": "Sharding will eventually allow you and I to run", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00189-00050116-00050356": "Ethereum on our laptops or phones.", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00190-00050356-00050584": "As it scales up, and more and more people", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00191-00050584-00050854": "participate in a shared Ethereum, the more", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00192-00050854-00051112": "decentralized the network becomes and the more", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00193-00051112-00051511": "secure. And so, only by introducing sharding into", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00194-00051511-00051844": "the network can Ethereum 2.0 scale up far enough", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00195-00051844-00052048": "to achieve what it set out to do.", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00196-00052075-00052380": "The truth is, these upgrades were always part of", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00197-00052380-00052486": "the Ethereum roadmap.", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00198-00052525-00052810": "Since its inception, Ethereum has forged a path", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00199-00052810-00053065": "toward increasing scalability while preserving", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00200-00053065-00053311": "values that are deeply rooted in the space,", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00201-00053311-00053602": "values such as decentralization and transparency.", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00202-00053655-00053899": "But there are so many moving pieces and they're", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00203-00053899-00054049": "all so very cutting edge.", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00204-00054049-00054394": "So, only time will tell what Ethereum 2.0 will be", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00205-00054394-00054649": "able to achieve. If you enjoy the video, be sure", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00206-00054649-00054866": "to like it and leave us a comment below.", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00207-00054866-00055041": "And please don't forget to subscribe to our", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00208-00055041-00055315": "channel. The Cointelegraph Cryptopedia is your", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00209-00055315-00055530": "guide to the chaotic space of blockchain", "kh3Q6WFTHMI-00210-00055530-00055747": "technology and cryptocurrencies."}}, {"audio_id": "kh4bpc-JarI", "text": {"kh4bpc-JarI-00000-00000000-00000333": "Enjoy watching!", "kh4bpc-JarI-00001-00000333-00000942": "Freestyle Type Beat - \"Criminal Flow\" | Free Type Beat | New Trap Instrumental 2022", "kh4bpc-JarI-00002-00000942-00001119": "*thobeats tag*", "kh4bpc-JarI-00003-00008450-00008623": "*thobeats tag*", "kh4bpc-JarI-00004-00013980-00014164": "*thobeats tag*", "kh4bpc-JarI-00005-00014164-00015230": "Thanks for watching! Check out other beats"}}, {"audio_id": "khIsmgXYApE", "text": {"khIsmgXYApE-00000-00000024-00000552": "and then there are some people who wanted to join and weren't able to, so you can always watch the", "khIsmgXYApE-00001-00000552-00001160": "recording. It'll be on our youtube channel, on our blog, and if you need an audio version", "khIsmgXYApE-00002-00001160-00001776": "if that works better for you, we can provide that as well. So today we are going to be talking about", "khIsmgXYApE-00003-00001776-00002344": "some of the new custom detail features that are available in WayAround 3.2 which is the newest", "khIsmgXYApE-00004-00002344-00003032": "release of our app. It came out a few weeks ago and the custom details are, we're really happy", "khIsmgXYApE-00005-00003032-00003704": "with where these are going and how they can really help you add a lot of information to your WayTags.", "khIsmgXYApE-00006-00003704-00004224": "So today we're going to be talking about what are the custom details, why would you use them, some", "khIsmgXYApE-00007-00004224-00004960": "of the new field types, and then adding, editing, and deleting custom details. So I am going to go", "khIsmgXYApE-00008-00004960-00006072": "ahead and share my phone screen so that we can all walk through this together. Alright here it goes.", "khIsmgXYApE-00009-00006216-00006368": "Voiceover on. WayAround.", "khIsmgXYApE-00010-00006536-00006976": "Great! And there may be a little bit of delay just between the visuals and the sound", "khIsmgXYApE-00011-00007040-00007464": "because of how Zoom works, but if you're using this on your own phone,", "khIsmgXYApE-00012-00007464-00007792": "Voiceover and the visuals work really well together.", "khIsmgXYApE-00013-00007888-00008472": "So a quick refresher if you're new to WayAround or if you haven't done a lot with the details.", "khIsmgXYApE-00014-00008472-00008872": "There's two parts to WayAround: the description and the details.", "khIsmgXYApE-00015-00008872-00009432": "The description is what you're going to hear every single time you scan. WayAround if you're", "khIsmgXYApE-00016-00009432-00010016": "not familiar with it is a labeling system, but it's a lot more than that. The description", "khIsmgXYApE-00017-00010016-00010456": "is really the labeling part. It's what you're going to use to identify an item,", "khIsmgXYApE-00018-00010520-00011016": "but there's a lot of other things that you might need to know about something besides just what is", "khIsmgXYApE-00019-00011016-00011568": "it. So the details are where you can record all of that type of information. And so the details", "khIsmgXYApE-00020-00011568-00012120": "are things that you might want to know some of the time, but not every single time that you scan. So", "khIsmgXYApE-00021-00012120-00012784": "instead of just talking a lot about it, I'm going to go ahead and open up the app and scan a Waytag", "khIsmgXYApE-00022-00012863-00013104": "[phone] WayAround. WayAround. Heading level one.", "khIsmgXYApE-00023-00013232-00013704": "And just in case there's anyone who has never seen WayAround before, I'm going to swipe", "khIsmgXYApE-00024-00013704-00014191": "through the the home screen so that you can hear how simple the interface is.", "khIsmgXYApE-00025-00014191-00014536": "[phone] WayCloud connected. Image. Settings. Button.", "khIsmgXYApE-00026-00014536-00014768": "[Jessica] And those are the things in the header.", "khIsmgXYApE-00027-00014768-00015008": "[phone] Scanner ready press the read button below,", "khIsmgXYApE-00028-00015008-00015304": "then hold the top part of your phone on the WayTag until you feel a double-click.", "khIsmgXYApE-00029-00015304-00015544": "[Jessica] The main instructions.", "khIsmgXYApE-00030-00015544-00016036": "[phone] read button. create button.", "khIsmgXYApE-00031-00016036-00016456": "[Jessica] So that's it! It really is a simple interface and it's going to", "khIsmgXYApE-00032-00016456-00017032": "work with whatever accessibility settings you have on your device. I have my font slightly", "khIsmgXYApE-00033-00017032-00017520": "enlarged and of course I'm using voiceover, but if you have an inverted color scheme,", "khIsmgXYApE-00034-00017520-00017992": "if you like your font really large, whatever settings that you have on", "khIsmgXYApE-00035-00017992-00018408": "your iPhone or your Android is what WayAround is going to display to you.", "khIsmgXYApE-00036-00018488-00019000": "So I am...We have seven different types of WayTags and if you have questions", "khIsmgXYApE-00037-00019000-00019576": "about the different types of WayTags, I can answer more questions about that", "khIsmgXYApE-00038-00019680-00020424": "down the road, but today I am going to start with a WayTag two hole button and I'm going to scan it.", "khIsmgXYApE-00039-00020424-00021184": "Before I do that I see a hand up from Neva and let's see...oh maybe the hand went down.", "khIsmgXYApE-00040-00021304-00021728": "Neva feel free to unmute yourself if you had something to to add or a question.", "khIsmgXYApE-00041-00022032-00022376": "Alright, I'll continue on and you can interrupt me. Neva has been", "khIsmgXYApE-00042-00022496-00023016": "really instrumental to helping us develop WayAround, so we're lucky anytime she chimes", "khIsmgXYApE-00043-00023016-00023528": "in and gives some feedback. But I'm going to go ahead and read this button. So I'll press the", "khIsmgXYApE-00044-00023528-00024160": "read button on the the iPhone and then I have the WayTag button and I'm just", "khIsmgXYApE-00045-00024160-00024576": "going to touch the button to the top of my phone so that you can hear what's on it.", "khIsmgXYApE-00046-00024576-00025072": "[phone] Read button. alert ready to scan. ready to scan.", "khIsmgXYApE-00047-00025072-00025384": "[Jessica] It's ready to scan.", "khIsmgXYApE-00048-00025452-00025724": "[phone] Black fitted long-sleeve t-shirt.", "khIsmgXYApE-00049-00025724-00026224": "[Jessica] So again, this is the description. If I'm getting dressed in the morning and I have", "khIsmgXYApE-00050-00026224-00026944": "my entire closet tagged with WayTags I just need a quick description. One thing about the description", "khIsmgXYApE-00051-00026944-00027504": "is you can put as little or as much as you want in this field, so really think about", "khIsmgXYApE-00052-00027504-00028120": "what do you need to know to identify the item. It may be I put long sleeve in here,", "khIsmgXYApE-00053-00028120-00028776": "and you may be used to using a system that has just you know a color like black or blue. And then", "khIsmgXYApE-00054-00028776-00029312": "if you had a black long sleeve t-shirt and a short sleeve t-shirt you might find that out by", "khIsmgXYApE-00055-00029312-00029848": "feel. But if you go ahead and put that in WayAround you can actually get the", "khIsmgXYApE-00056-00029848-00030392": "information more quickly just by scanning one tag after the next. So you can think through", "khIsmgXYApE-00057-00030392-00031008": "and it does sometimes take a little bit to shift if you've had a system that you know--braille or", "khIsmgXYApE-00058-00031168-00031760": "you know any of those types of like shape-based or tactile labeling systems where you kind of get", "khIsmgXYApE-00059-00031760-00032176": "a shape that's associated with a word. You can put more information in this", "khIsmgXYApE-00060-00032176-00032680": "description. If you had a patterned shirt or pants you could actually describe the pattern,", "khIsmgXYApE-00061-00032768-00033240": "but you don't have to. So whatever information is useful to you is what you can put in the", "khIsmgXYApE-00062-00033240-00033752": "description field. And you can put a lot of text here. If you have something and we'll get into", "khIsmgXYApE-00063-00033752-00034216": "some examples later that you might want to put longer information in, but you could even put", "khIsmgXYApE-00064-00034216-00034816": "several sentences in this in this field. So it's very flexible according to whatever you need.", "khIsmgXYApE-00065-00034952-00035312": "Now what we're talking about today are the details, and if you", "khIsmgXYApE-00066-00035312-00035616": "can see my phone visually you see there's a lot of stuff", "khIsmgXYApE-00067-00035616-00036144": "on the screen that you didn't just hear. So what i'm going to do now is scan through", "khIsmgXYApE-00068-00036144-00036656": "all of the details that I've added to this tag. I'm just going to do that by swiping right.", "khIsmgXYApE-00069-00036656-00037544": "[iPhone] Sorting darks. list start. washing. machine wash normal. goes with.", "khIsmgXYApE-00070-00037544-00038144": "heading level 2. pants. jeans and fitted pants. don't wear with loose fitting pants.", "khIsmgXYApE-00071-00038144-00038520": "[Jessica So that's kind of a note of good outfits that I added in.", "khIsmgXYApE-00072-00038520-00039176": "[phone] Skirts. high-waisted pencil skirt. sweater slash jackets. crew neck sweaters and", "khIsmgXYApE-00073-00039176-00040000": "casual jackets. reorder. heading level 2. cotton long sleeve crew size medium. link. list end.", "khIsmgXYApE-00074-00040084-00040592": "[Jessica] So those are a lot of details that I have and those are things again", "khIsmgXYApE-00075-00040592-00041000": "that I might want to know some of the time but not every single time.", "khIsmgXYApE-00076-00041000-00041608": "And there's several different field types. Some of them are the standard details and those are", "khIsmgXYApE-00077-00041608-00042176": "when you add a detail, you can choose a detail type which is basically like a category. So", "khIsmgXYApE-00078-00042176-00042672": "we have one for clothing and it has a lot of the standard things that you might associate", "khIsmgXYApE-00079-00042672-00043120": "with clothing or with that category, so things like washing instructions,", "khIsmgXYApE-00080-00043120-00043512": "drying instructions, so you're not having to enter that for yourself every single time.", "khIsmgXYApE-00081-00043512-00044008": "You can just use the picker with the options that we've provided and it includes things", "khIsmgXYApE-00082-00044008-00044560": "like dry clean only or machine wash normal, machine wash delicates, that type of thing.", "khIsmgXYApE-00083-00044784-00045384": "And then I've also added several custom details. So those are things that are not in the standard", "khIsmgXYApE-00084-00045472-00045856": "details that go with that category, but are things that I want to know.", "khIsmgXYApE-00085-00045920-00046472": "So a lot of people if you're tagging your clothing really like to describe outfits. So I", "khIsmgXYApE-00086-00046472-00047096": "added a heading, \"goes with\" and then I have three different details. These are text based details", "khIsmgXYApE-00087-00047152-00047656": "and so I have goes with pants and I give that description, skirts, and then sweaters", "khIsmgXYApE-00088-00047656-00048208": "and jackets. So if I'm trying to put together an outfit and maybe I have two or three different you", "khIsmgXYApE-00089-00048208-00048752": "know black long sleeve t-shirts and some of them look a little better with you know one type of", "khIsmgXYApE-00090-00048752-00049240": "pants versus a different type, you can actually put all of that information on your WayTag.", "khIsmgXYApE-00091-00049312-00049888": "And the great thing about using the details is you could put all of this information in the", "khIsmgXYApE-00092-00049888-00050504": "description but then you would have to listen to all of it every single time you're wanting to you", "khIsmgXYApE-00093-00050504-00051112": "know just to pick out your outfit. So by breaking it up and really segmenting out the information,", "khIsmgXYApE-00094-00051192-00051591": "you can get to exactly the type of information that you need really, really quickly.", "khIsmgXYApE-00095-00051672-00052167": "One other thing that I've done on this tag is I've used headings. And this is one of the new", "khIsmgXYApE-00096-00052224-00052864": "fields in our custom details. so I have my rotor, my VoiceOver rotor set to headings,", "khIsmgXYApE-00097-00052864-00053296": "so I can actually navigate just the headings on this tag. So I'm going to", "khIsmgXYApE-00098-00053296-00053824": "go back up to the top just by going through the headings. I'm gonna swipe up.", "khIsmgXYApE-00099-00053824-00054040": "[phone] reorder. heading level two.", "khIsmgXYApE-00100-00054040-00054224": "[Jessica] So there's one heading.", "khIsmgXYApE-00101-00054224-00054712": "[phone] Goes with. heading level two. WayAround. heading level one.", "khIsmgXYApE-00102-00054712-00055216": "[Jessica] So those were the two headings that I have goes with and then the reorder. And the", "khIsmgXYApE-00103-00055216-00055800": "reorder is I think it really shows off one of the things that sets WayAround apart from a", "khIsmgXYApE-00104-00055800-00056184": "lot of other labeling systems and makes it so much more than a labeling system.", "khIsmgXYApE-00105-00056279-00056808": "If you have things that you order, you know the same thing over and over again. So if you found", "khIsmgXYApE-00106-00056808-00057240": "that perfect t-shirt and you know every year or two you're just gonna order some", "khIsmgXYApE-00107-00057240-00057808": "more to make sure that you always have you know a good, fresh version of your favorite t-shirt,", "khIsmgXYApE-00108-00057808-00058352": "instead of having to remember okay you know you probably know the brand but you know was", "khIsmgXYApE-00109-00058352-00059064": "it the cotton or the organic cotton? Or you know they have all different names that are slightly", "khIsmgXYApE-00110-00059064-00059520": "different. and I know even if you go by memory, sometimes it's hard to remember, so you can just", "khIsmgXYApE-00111-00059520-00060191": "add the direct url to your tag. When you're ready to order a new one you can double click and you'll", "khIsmgXYApE-00112-00060191-00060808": "go exactly to the product page. So that's one way to make WayAround work really hard for you.", "khIsmgXYApE-00113-00060808-00061240": "And at the beginning Tina had asked about adding an audio", "khIsmgXYApE-00114-00061240-00061736": "recording to a WayTag and it's something that we've thought about, but really the reason that", "khIsmgXYApE-00115-00061736-00062448": "we haven't done it is because it makes, it limits WayAround more to just being a labeling system,", "khIsmgXYApE-00116-00062520-00062872": "instead of using all of these other great features that are on your phone.", "khIsmgXYApE-00117-00062928-00063624": "So you can you know link to a url or you can add in a phone number. You can add in an email address", "khIsmgXYApE-00118-00063624-00064352": "and really make the tag work hard for you. So we may add in the voice recording in the future but", "khIsmgXYApE-00119-00064352-00065032": "where we would really like people to use WayAround and use all the segmented details, because most", "khIsmgXYApE-00120-00065032-00065600": "people who switch from a voice recording system it takes a little bit of time to learn because it", "khIsmgXYApE-00121-00065600-00066144": "is different. But then you realize oh it's so much easier to put a lot of information", "khIsmgXYApE-00122-00066144-00066600": "and get to just the thing that you want to hear versus listening to you know sometimes you can", "khIsmgXYApE-00123-00066600-00067088": "do a voice recording that's a couple of minutes long. And if the thing you're wanting to know is", "khIsmgXYApE-00124-00067088-00067896": "at a minute and 45 seconds, it takes a long time to get there. So we may add in the voice recording", "khIsmgXYApE-00125-00067896-00068368": "down the road, but right now use the segmented information. I think you'll really like it.", "khIsmgXYApE-00126-00068600-00069336": "So the custom details like I said, you can really add anything. And so a lot of people say well why", "khIsmgXYApE-00127-00069336-00069752": "would I use a custom detail? You know why wouldn't I just put all of this information", "khIsmgXYApE-00128-00069752-00070240": "up in the description? So getting to the right information quickly is one good reason,", "khIsmgXYApE-00129-00070344-00070728": "but I want to talk a little bit more about reordering and to do that I'm going to go", "khIsmgXYApE-00130-00070728-00071152": "ahead and scan another WayTag. So I'll go down to the bottom to read.", "khIsmgXYApE-00131-00071152-00071624": "[phone] read button. alert. ready to scan. ready to scan.", "khIsmgXYApE-00132-00072136-00072348": "Miele complete c2 canister vacuum.", "khIsmgXYApE-00133-00072348-00072696": "[Jessica] Okay, so I made a tag for my vacuum.", "khIsmgXYApE-00134-00072752-00073200": "And a vacuum is interesting because it's probably not something you would need to scan", "khIsmgXYApE-00135-00073200-00073640": "you know on a regular basis. If you're like me you know you kind of get the settings", "khIsmgXYApE-00136-00073640-00074120": "right and then you just leave it unless you're needing to do you know do something different.", "khIsmgXYApE-00137-00074192-00074712": "So I did go ahead and put the settings, and I'll swipe so that you can hear that.", "khIsmgXYApE-00138-00074712-00075216": "[phone] Six settings on rotor. counterclockwise. wall to wall carpet and bare floors,", "khIsmgXYApE-00139-00075216-00075688": "large area rugs, quiet setting, throw rugs, furniture, drapes. list start.", "khIsmgXYApE-00140-00075688-00076192": "[Jessica] So those are the settings on my vacuum that if I needed a refresher, if I was going to", "khIsmgXYApE-00141-00076192-00076720": "go through and vacuum all my furniture I might not remember which setting that is on the rotor.", "khIsmgXYApE-00142-00076720-00077184": "But I've added a lot of reorder information to this, so I will swipe down to the heading.", "khIsmgXYApE-00143-00077184-00077376": "[phone] parts. heading level two.", "khIsmgXYApE-00144-00077376-00077808": "[Jessica] So, parts. And then there's several links. I'll swipe right so you can hear.", "khIsmgXYApE-00145-00077808-00078016": "[phone] Four bags and two filters. link.", "khIsmgXYApE-00146-00078016-00078600": "[Jessica] So this is a vacuum that takes bags, so you know every couple of months", "khIsmgXYApE-00147-00078600-00079200": "I have to order new bags. This link takes me directly to the url well where i order,", "khIsmgXYApE-00148-00079200-00079632": "so i don't have to remember is it you know which type of bag and what's the", "khIsmgXYApE-00149-00079632-00080056": "product number that fits my particular vacuum. So it's really easy to find that.", "khIsmgXYApE-00150-00080056-00080240": "[phone] Accessories. link.", "khIsmgXYApE-00151-00080240-00080792": "[Jessica] And then if I ever needed a special part, I just put in the link to the accessories", "khIsmgXYApE-00152-00080792-00081280": "so that I could easily find that. And then I've added another heading.", "khIsmgXYApE-00153-00081280-00081472": "[phone] Service. heading level two.", "khIsmgXYApE-00154-00081472-00082008": "[Jessica] So adding service is a great thing to do, especially for your appliances", "khIsmgXYApE-00155-00082008-00082520": "because hopefully if it needs to be serviced you're not having to call that person a lot.", "khIsmgXYApE-00156-00082520-00082952": "You know it may be every two or three years you need to service your refrigerator or", "khIsmgXYApE-00157-00082952-00083456": "vacuum cleaner, and you might think oh who is the person I called last time and how long ago", "khIsmgXYApE-00158-00083456-00084008": "did I call them? You can record that right here on your WayTag. So let me swipe one more time.", "khIsmgXYApE-00159-00084008-00084456": "[phone] Neveretts Sew and Vac. six zero three eight eight three", "khIsmgXYApE-00160-00084456-00084736": "five four zero nine. link. list end.", "khIsmgXYApE-00161-00084736-00085280": "[Jessica] And so you could always add this phone number into your contacts, but I know I have", "khIsmgXYApE-00162-00085280-00085832": "several different service people for different appliances, and it can be hard to remember you", "khIsmgXYApE-00163-00085832-00086496": "know when do I use Scott's Appliances versus you know Steve's Appliance Repair. If you add it to", "khIsmgXYApE-00164-00086496-00087096": "the tag then you can easily remember okay this is the person I prefer to use for this appliance.", "khIsmgXYApE-00165-00087096-00087696": "And you can even keep a list of your service here on the tag. So if I had my vacuum serviced, I", "khIsmgXYApE-00166-00087696-00088504": "could go in and edit this tag. Then I could put in today's date and say what, record what the service", "khIsmgXYApE-00167-00088504-00089000": "was...if it's a belt replacement or something like that. So you can kind of keep a running log", "khIsmgXYApE-00168-00089000-00089568": "of what service you've done when and if they say you know you might need this service in a year,", "khIsmgXYApE-00169-00089568-00090072": "you could put a note to yourself to remember to do that. So it's just a really nice way to", "khIsmgXYApE-00170-00090072-00090568": "keep everything in one place. It's almost like an electronic post-it note to where", "khIsmgXYApE-00171-00090568-00090976": "all those things that you know you want to remember but if you're like me your mind can", "khIsmgXYApE-00172-00090976-00091240": "just hold too many things and you start to forget things,", "khIsmgXYApE-00173-00091352-00091992": "so it's a good way to just keep everything together, compiled about one particular thing.", "khIsmgXYApE-00174-00092160-00092744": "So I have one other example that I'd like to scan, and hobbies are really where I think the", "khIsmgXYApE-00175-00092744-00093296": "details shine because hobbies are where people like to geek out, you know. If you have a hobby", "khIsmgXYApE-00176-00093296-00093856": "you like to know all the little nitty-gritty details about it, so let me go ahead and scan.", "khIsmgXYApE-00177-00093856-00094400": "This is a button. And gardeners are very fond of using WayAround, so this is a tag for gardening.", "khIsmgXYApE-00178-00094400-00094848": "But I think you can see it'll apply to just about any hobby. So I will read the tag.", "khIsmgXYApE-00179-00094848-00095416": "[phone] Read button. alert. ready to scan. ready to scan.", "khIsmgXYApE-00180-00095808-00095864": "Roald Dahl rose.", "khIsmgXYApE-00181-00095864-00096456": "[Jessica] Okay so this is just the name of the rose. I've been planting some roses in my garden", "khIsmgXYApE-00182-00096456-00097064": "and I have a few different varieties so I could tag each one and remember the name, but then I've", "khIsmgXYApE-00183-00097064-00097520": "recorded a lot of different information. I'll start by swiping through just the headings.", "khIsmgXYApE-00184-00097520-00097840": "[phone] basic info. heading level 2. list start.", "khIsmgXYApE-00185-00097944-00098716": "feeding. heading level 2. pruning. heading level two. garden journal. heading level two.", "khIsmgXYApE-00186-00098716-00099096": "[Jessica] So those are the headings that I've added to this, so you can", "khIsmgXYApE-00187-00099096-00099512": "already see there's a lot of different sections of information that I have on this tag.", "khIsmgXYApE-00188-00099568-00100048": "I'm gonna go back up to the feeding heading and swipe through to show you what's on that one.", "khIsmgXYApE-00189-00100048-00100416": "[phone] pruning. heading level two. feeding. heading level two.", "khIsmgXYApE-00190-00100516-00101144": "[Jessica] all right so now I'm gonna swipe right and there are several details", "khIsmgXYApE-00191-00101144-00101456": "underneath feeding. So I'll just go through those first.", "khIsmgXYApE-00192-00101456-00101920": "[phone] Feed one ounce at the beginning of the growing season just before leaves are fully open.", "khIsmgXYApE-00193-00101920-00102488": "Follow immediately with mulching. Second feed. One ounce after the first bloom cycle has finished to", "khIsmgXYApE-00194-00102488-00103188": "encourage repeat flowering. Order rose food. link. feeding instructions detailed. link.", "khIsmgXYApE-00195-00103188-00103600": "[Jessica] so those are the four different details I have under feeding. There are", "khIsmgXYApE-00196-00103600-00104128": "some general instructions which if you're into gardening or probably a lot of other hobbies", "khIsmgXYApE-00197-00104128-00104640": "you know certain roses need to be pruned in one way and you know hydrangeas or clematis you know", "khIsmgXYApE-00198-00104640-00105200": "they all have there's different types that need different you know feeding and pruning depending", "khIsmgXYApE-00199-00105200-00105688": "on what type it is. And it can be hard to keep track of it. So if you have it all on the tag,", "khIsmgXYApE-00200-00105688-00106240": "you can just scan to remember okay this is what I need to do for this one. And then there's the link", "khIsmgXYApE-00201-00106240-00106824": "to order more food, so that if I need to do that I can easily get to it. Then if I really want to", "khIsmgXYApE-00202-00106824-00107480": "go into more details I found a link to a site that really gives you know a step-by-step instruction", "khIsmgXYApE-00203-00107480-00108032": "of all the feeding details for a rose. So if I really wanted a refresher I could click into that", "khIsmgXYApE-00204-00108032-00108648": "link and easily get to a site that I know that I trust and I've used before. So that's you know,", "khIsmgXYApE-00205-00108648-00109176": "I think it's just a good example of why you would want to put a lot of information on the tag.", "khIsmgXYApE-00206-00109176-00109559": "You know, if you were just scanning a tag you wouldn't want to hear all the feeding", "khIsmgXYApE-00207-00109559-00109864": "instructions. If you're just trying to remember what's the name of this plant,", "khIsmgXYApE-00208-00109920-00110464": "but it is information that you would probably want to know especially at the beginning of the season.", "khIsmgXYApE-00209-00110464-00110928": "You know there might not be flowers or leaves out and it can be harder to identify things.", "khIsmgXYApE-00210-00111016-00111320": "So the other thing that I had added on this tag", "khIsmgXYApE-00211-00111320-00111624": "is the garden journal. I'm going to swipe down to that heading.", "khIsmgXYApE-00212-00111624-00112028": "[phone] pruning. heading level two. garden journal. heading level two.", "khIsmgXYApE-00213-00112028-00112816": "[Jessica] And this is an idea that actually came to us from a plant lover who is not blind,", "khIsmgXYApE-00214-00112816-00113632": "who's sighted. It's a youtuber who has a lot of house plants and she has ended up using WayAround", "khIsmgXYApE-00215-00113632-00114183": "and she just sticks the WayClips right in the soil of her plants and they all have different you know", "khIsmgXYApE-00216-00114183-00114832": "feeding and fertilizing and pruning instructions. So every time she waters or feeds or does anything", "khIsmgXYApE-00217-00114832-00115320": "she just writes a note. It's a really handy way for her to keep track of", "khIsmgXYApE-00218-00115320-00115935": "everything. I just started doing this for my new roses, so I will swipe so you can hear.", "khIsmgXYApE-00219-00115935-00116383": "[phone] prune back by one third. march 27 2021.", "khIsmgXYApE-00220-00116383-00116592": "[Jessica] So the date and what I did.", "khIsmgXYApE-00221-00116592-00117168": "[phone] fertilized with one ounce rose food. march 27 2021. list end.", "khIsmgXYApE-00222-00117168-00117520": "[Jessica] That's over the weekend I kind of got started on some of my gardening", "khIsmgXYApE-00223-00117592-00118256": "and so I just noted what I did. So whenever I do another fertilizing I can just record that date.", "khIsmgXYApE-00224-00118256-00118896": "I could always record the first bloom or if I do you know any sort of grafting you know. Whatever", "khIsmgXYApE-00225-00118896-00119576": "you want to do with your tags, you can add on. Other hobbies...knitters really love WayAround.", "khIsmgXYApE-00226-00119656-00120224": "You can use the same idea if you have a link to an online pattern. You could put that link.", "khIsmgXYApE-00227-00120224-00120728": "Or if there's a stitch that's a little bit tricky and you have a video that you like to", "khIsmgXYApE-00228-00120728-00121344": "refer to for that stitch, you can put a link to the youtube video. If you have a stitch repeat", "khIsmgXYApE-00229-00121456-00121800": "you can go ahead and write that out, so if you put the knitting away and a", "khIsmgXYApE-00230-00121800-00122200": "couple of weeks pass and you say oh I want to pick it up again but", "khIsmgXYApE-00231-00122256-00122680": "what's the pattern? You just scan on the WayTag and you can easily get that information.", "khIsmgXYApE-00232-00122792-00123496": "Similarly woodworking. If you have any equipment you know and you have a user manual or instruction", "khIsmgXYApE-00233-00123496-00124008": "guides or videos, you can link to all of that. If you have service done on your equipment,", "khIsmgXYApE-00234-00124008-00124583": "you can do that as well. So you can really make these WayTags work hard for you,", "khIsmgXYApE-00235-00124583-00125080": "and that's where WayAround becomes so much more than just a labeling system. When you're", "khIsmgXYApE-00236-00125080-00125576": "making notes to yourself and keeping track of all of the information that's important to you,", "khIsmgXYApE-00237-00125576-00126208": "because especially things like hobbies or you know anything that you love, identifying it is", "khIsmgXYApE-00238-00126208-00126808": "a base level of accessibility. Once you identify it you can certainly do a lot more than if you're", "khIsmgXYApE-00239-00126808-00127368": "struggling to identify it. But if you get all of that information that you want you know for", "khIsmgXYApE-00240-00127368-00128072": "music, people record the liner notes on WayTags. If you wanted to if you went to a concert and you", "khIsmgXYApE-00241-00128072-00128528": "wanted to write down some memories of the concert that's related to that album, you could do that.", "khIsmgXYApE-00242-00128632-00129183": "The great thing about WayTags is you can just keep editing them. At the bottom once you scan a tag,", "khIsmgXYApE-00243-00129183-00129728": "an edit button appears, so you can edit and just add more. Or if you realize, you know", "khIsmgXYApE-00244-00129728-00130232": "what? I don't like these feeding instructions and I found something else that works a lot better,", "khIsmgXYApE-00245-00130296-00130720": "go in and edit it. Change it to what works. And you can add in as much as you want.", "khIsmgXYApE-00246-00130952-00131688": "That is really why you would use custom details, and I think hobbies shows that off really well.", "khIsmgXYApE-00247-00131760-00132216": "I am just going to pause and see if there if there are any hands", "khIsmgXYApE-00248-00132216-00132872": "up. My interface changed a little bit because of, looks like Rich has his hand", "khIsmgXYApE-00249-00132936-00133304": "raised. If you want to go ahead and unmute yourself, feel free.", "khIsmgXYApE-00250-00133304-00134464": "[Tina] Oh, thank you. What tag is especially good for gardeners out there and what tag is", "khIsmgXYApE-00251-00134464-00134912": "especially good for that? Especially if you want to label things like let's say you've got a pot,", "khIsmgXYApE-00252-00134976-00135704": "you went to a nursery and a plant nursery and got a pot, what tags are especially good for that?", "khIsmgXYApE-00253-00135704-00136248": "Particularly if you want to do it outdoors and yeah, maybe you could also address the apartment", "khIsmgXYApE-00254-00136248-00137008": "dweller like me who doesn't have space for a full out um garden but maybe wants a plant or two.", "khIsmgXYApE-00255-00137008-00137400": "Can you address that one because I live in an apartment where there", "khIsmgXYApE-00256-00137400-00138000": "is a balcony but you know I can't do a full garden or flower bed just because of the space we're in.", "khIsmgXYApE-00257-00138000-00138736": "[Jessica] Sure, yes and Tina for your gardening questions, I am going to refer you to", "khIsmgXYApE-00258-00138798-00139440": "bryansquest.org - he is our UK distributor of WayAround and he's an avid gardener.", "khIsmgXYApE-00259-00139504-00139840": "He can give you much better advice than I can, so if you're wondering", "khIsmgXYApE-00260-00139840-00140232": "you know what could grow talk to Bryan over at Bryan's Quest.", "khIsmgXYApE-00261-00140232-00140832": "But in terms of what tag to use, the oval hole buttons are always a good idea because they are", "khIsmgXYApE-00262-00140832-00141400": "waterproof and they're cold proof. So especially if you live in an extreme climate...I'm in New", "khIsmgXYApE-00263-00141400-00141976": "Hampshire so sometimes we'll have four to six months of snow, so the oval hole button could", "khIsmgXYApE-00264-00141976-00142560": "be buried under snow for six months and it will be fine season to season. If you do have perennials", "khIsmgXYApE-00265-00142560-00143104": "or shrubs things that are going to last for a long time you can use the oval hole button either with", "khIsmgXYApE-00266-00143104-00143632": "some twine or a zip tie, you know make sure it's not too tight around the plant, but that's a great", "khIsmgXYApE-00267-00143632-00144232": "one to use. If you live in a milder climate or if you're planting vegetables or something that's", "khIsmgXYApE-00268-00144232-00144816": "really seasonal and you wouldn't have the tag out all year round the WayClips are a great idea,", "khIsmgXYApE-00269-00144816-00145376": "because for those who aren't familiar the WayClip is like a big plastic paper clip. I'll hold one up", "khIsmgXYApE-00270-00145376-00146112": "here. It's about two inches tall by an inch wide and the tag is in the top third so the bottom two", "khIsmgXYApE-00271-00146112-00146640": "thirds is kind of the paper clip part. But you can just stick that right down into the soil whether", "khIsmgXYApE-00272-00146640-00147200": "it's a house plant or even outside. And I know Bryan also uses the WayClips and he'll use the", "khIsmgXYApE-00273-00147200-00147816": "he'll use garden twine and tie it around one of the tabs. So the the clips and the buttons are", "khIsmgXYApE-00274-00147816-00148544": "the most popular. Some people do tag a pot with a sticker. It's another good option. It's just,", "khIsmgXYApE-00275-00148544-00149056": "remember the stickers the adhesive is really sticky so you would want to leave it on that pot.", "khIsmgXYApE-00276-00149320-00149728": "Yeah I think that's probably the way to go, Tina, either the buttons or the clips.", "khIsmgXYApE-00277-00149832-00150464": "So I see several other hands up and I'm just gonna go in order. Rich it looks like you're up first.", "khIsmgXYApE-00278-00150552-00151136": "And to unmute yourself, let me see, if you are on the computer...okay are you good, Rich?", "khIsmgXYApE-00279-00151136-00151216": "[Rich] Yep.", "khIsmgXYApE-00280-00151216-00151384": "[Jessica] Okay! What's your question?", "khIsmgXYApE-00281-00151384-00152224": "[Rich] in the past I've tried to copy a spreadsheet and paste it into the WayTag and", "khIsmgXYApE-00282-00152224-00152752": "like you said it ended up where when I would click on it, then I'd have to sit there and listen to", "khIsmgXYApE-00283-00152752-00153448": "it read the whole thing through. So if I wanted to copy a spreadsheet of names or numbers or whatever", "khIsmgXYApE-00284-00153448-00154160": "that has you know, 12, 15 lines, would I have to copy each line separately as a heading? Or", "khIsmgXYApE-00285-00154160-00154672": "how would I put that into a WayTag where then I could navigate line by line?", "khIsmgXYApE-00286-00154672-00155200": "[Jessica] So, you would need to create a different detail for each piece of information.", "khIsmgXYApE-00287-00155408-00155992": "And different detail fields work in different ways, so things like dates and phone numbers", "khIsmgXYApE-00288-00155992-00156656": "would have a label and then either the date or the phone number. For the example of my garden", "khIsmgXYApE-00289-00156656-00157464": "journal fertilized with you know one ounce of rose food march 27th, that's one detail. The date", "khIsmgXYApE-00290-00157464-00158080": "is entered through the little calendar and then I just put in kind of a heading or a label with", "khIsmgXYApE-00291-00158080-00158656": "what I did on that date. Phone numbers work in the same way, but I think what I would do if you were", "khIsmgXYApE-00292-00158656-00159168": "trying to organize everything in a spreadsheet and then copy it over to WayAround is I would", "khIsmgXYApE-00293-00159168-00159832": "use one cell per detail. So if you knew you had something that even if it's several paragraphs", "khIsmgXYApE-00294-00159832-00160424": "put it all in one cell that way you know you would just copy that cell into one detail and then", "khIsmgXYApE-00295-00160424-00160948": "something else might be very short but it would still just be in one cell. Does that make sense?", "khIsmgXYApE-00296-00160948-00161160": "[Rich] Yeah, I think so.", "khIsmgXYApE-00297-00161160-00162400": "[Neva] Yes, this is Neva. I wanna just, Rich i have a suggestion for you. If the excel sheet is", "khIsmgXYApE-00298-00162400-00163248": "already created, you can copy just a line at a time, a row at a time, and I believe it's", "khIsmgXYApE-00299-00163304-00164560": "shift spacebar. And it'll say you know a three through x is selected. Does that make sense?", "khIsmgXYApE-00300-00164560-00164632": "[Rich] Yeah.", "khIsmgXYApE-00301-00164632-00165016": "[Neva] So if you wouldn't have to recreate your excel spreadsheet to do it the way Jess", "khIsmgXYApE-00302-00165016-00165520": "is suggesting, but if you were creating it, Jess is right. Everything in one cell: name,", "khIsmgXYApE-00303-00165520-00165816": "phone number, address, everything would make it much easier.", "khIsmgXYApE-00304-00165816-00166784": "[Rich] But if I copied a row...let's say I've got 10 rows then I would hit it with my WayTag", "khIsmgXYApE-00305-00166848-00167520": "scanner, would it then read all 10 rows without stopping or would I be able to go row by row?", "khIsmgXYApE-00306-00167520-00167944": "[Neva] No it would it would read all 10 rows. So you would want to", "khIsmgXYApE-00307-00167944-00168472": "do what Jess said and that is create a different detail for each row.", "khIsmgXYApE-00308-00168472-00168840": "[Rich] Okay, very good. That's that's what I kind of thought. So", "khIsmgXYApE-00309-00168904-00169172": "that's a project for a long rainy day.", "khIsmgXYApE-00310-00169172-00169672": "[Jessica] It is a good project, and it's you know I think it's one of those things", "khIsmgXYApE-00311-00169672-00170112": "that if you take the time to get it set up, you know any organization project,", "khIsmgXYApE-00312-00170112-00170464": "especially if you want to do a really thorough job can take some time to set up.", "khIsmgXYApE-00313-00170544-00171032": "And we are working on some easier ways to get the information into WayAround. I", "khIsmgXYApE-00314-00171032-00171512": "can't share anything today but stay tuned, because I think there's some things coming", "khIsmgXYApE-00315-00171512-00171848": "that you'll really like and that would help you even with copying from excel.", "khIsmgXYApE-00316-00171848-00172296": "[Rich] Oh perfect, good. Thank you.", "khIsmgXYApE-00317-00172296-00172596": "[Jessica] Thank you! So next, Perla.", "khIsmgXYApE-00318-00172596-00173960": "[Perla] Hi, thank you. This is really helpful. I don't I don't know how I would copy a", "khIsmgXYApE-00319-00174016-00174968": "url into the WayTag detail. Is it a matter of copy and paste? Or how would I do that?", "khIsmgXYApE-00320-00174968-00175744": "[Jessica] It is copy and paste and so Darwin you can feel free to chime in or Neva. I will let you", "khIsmgXYApE-00321-00175744-00176304": "know we're working on a video. I think our next youtube video is going to address exactly that", "khIsmgXYApE-00322-00176304-00176728": "so stay tuned for that because then it's a resource you can always refer to, but", "khIsmgXYApE-00323-00176728-00177272": "Darwin or Neva, do either of you want to give a little copy and paste tutorial?", "khIsmgXYApE-00324-00177544-00177824": "[Darwin] Neva, do you want to take that or would you like me to?", "khIsmgXYApE-00325-00177920-00178352": "[Neva] I'm happy to but chime in if I miss something, Darwin.", "khIsmgXYApE-00326-00178424-00178792": "When I'm copying and pasting I'm using my iPhone", "khIsmgXYApE-00327-00178792-00179624": "and and I use safari as my internet browser. Up near the top is an edit field where the", "khIsmgXYApE-00328-00179800-00180616": "web page address is located. Once I found something even if it's like the rose food that", "khIsmgXYApE-00329-00180616-00181392": "Jess was talking about her link and I found it on Amazon or I found it on I don't know Callaway's", "khIsmgXYApE-00330-00181392-00181936": "Nursery or something, then I would go to that edit field when I'm on that page, and yes this", "khIsmgXYApE-00331-00181936-00182680": "is exactly what I want. And I would copy that edit field and in your rotor on your iPhone, you've got", "khIsmgXYApE-00332-00182824-00183800": "an edit and you flick up and down through that to select all and then copy. Then you go over to", "khIsmgXYApE-00333-00183976-00184504": "your WayTag and start to create your WayTag, and when your detail field is", "khIsmgXYApE-00334-00184504-00185056": "open then you would paste in there. Okay does that make sense?", "khIsmgXYApE-00335-00185056-00185568": "[Perla] Yes it does, yes it does. Thank you very much. I'll practice with that.", "khIsmgXYApE-00336-00185568-00186176": "[Neva] Yeah it it gets easier and faster the more you do it. I'm here to tell you", "khIsmgXYApE-00337-00186264-00186792": "yeah the first time it was like, yikes this is tough! And the second time is like oh this is a", "khIsmgXYApE-00338-00186792-00187312": "piece of cake. I'm good. You know so don't give up if it's if it's frustrating the first time.", "khIsmgXYApE-00339-00187312-00187568": "[Perla] Okay, all right. Thank you very much.", "khIsmgXYApE-00340-00187568-00187984": "[Jessica] Yes and since you're I know you're on our email list, Perla, you'll get an", "khIsmgXYApE-00341-00187984-00188440": "email whenever that video is ready. Or make sure you subscribe to our youtube channel also", "khIsmgXYApE-00342-00188440-00188816": "if you haven't done that, because then you'll get a notification as soon as it's uploaded.", "khIsmgXYApE-00343-00188816-00188984": "[Perla] Okay thank you!", "khIsmgXYApE-00344-00188984-00189312": "[Jessica] Sure! Dan I see your hand. You're next.", "khIsmgXYApE-00345-00189668-00190240": "[Dan] Okay, my first question just got answered but I have a question about headings.", "khIsmgXYApE-00346-00190384-00191040": "Do I, would I have to create my own headings or are they already", "khIsmgXYApE-00347-00191040-00191416": "inserted? And if I have to create headings, how do I do that in the tag?", "khIsmgXYApE-00348-00191416-00191968": "[Jessica] Oh good that's exactly what I was just about to talk about. So I am still on my rose tag,", "khIsmgXYApE-00349-00191968-00192336": "so I'm going to go in and hit edit. You will create your own headings,", "khIsmgXYApE-00350-00192336-00192600": "that way you can put in whatever you want. Let me show you.", "khIsmgXYApE-00351-00192600-00193032": "[phone] Button. edit way tag. heading level one.", "khIsmgXYApE-00352-00193112-00193560": "[Jessica] I'm here on my my rose tag. Let me just swipe through so you can hear.", "khIsmgXYApE-00353-00193560-00193976": "[phone] way cloud connected. description. rose. multi-line text field.", "khIsmgXYApE-00354-00193976-00194336": "[Jessica] Okay so that's the description, the Roald Dahl rose,", "khIsmgXYApE-00355-00194336-00195000": "and I want to..actually you can add a new field in between any detail. So if you already have a tag", "khIsmgXYApE-00356-00195000-00195456": "and you've added some custom details and you just wanted to go back and add headings, you could do", "khIsmgXYApE-00357-00195456-00195984": "that. But I'm just going to go down to the very bottom. So I will go down to the Write button.", "khIsmgXYApE-00358-00195984-00196144": "[phone] write button.", "khIsmgXYApE-00359-00196144-00196376": "[Jessica] And then I'm just going to swipe to the left.", "khIsmgXYApE-00360-00196376-00196536": "[phone] Detail actions button.", "khIsmgXYApE-00361-00196536-00197096": "[Jessica] So I'm on the very last detail and at the bottom of every detail there are two buttons:", "khIsmgXYApE-00362-00197096-00197448": "the one you just heard is detail actions. Again, I'm swiping to the left.", "khIsmgXYApE-00363-00197448-00197616": "[phone] Add a detail. button.", "khIsmgXYApE-00364-00197616-00198088": "[Jessica] So the the two buttons, the way you would normally see it first is add a detail", "khIsmgXYApE-00365-00198088-00198576": "and it has a little plus sign for add. Then there's another button with three dots and", "khIsmgXYApE-00366-00198576-00199192": "that's the detail actions. Detail actions are if you want to change the field type or if you want", "khIsmgXYApE-00367-00199192-00199632": "to delete the detail. That's what's there and we might add additional things in the future,", "khIsmgXYApE-00368-00199632-00200000": "but right now it's just those two options. So if you want to delete the detail,", "khIsmgXYApE-00369-00200000-00200544": "detail actions. But I'm going to add a detail, so I'm on the plus and I'll double click.", "khIsmgXYApE-00370-00200544-00200816": "[phone] add. choose a field type. menu.", "khIsmgXYApE-00371-00200816-00201480": "[Jessica] So the first thing when you add a new detail, you're going to choose the field type.", "khIsmgXYApE-00372-00201560-00201904": "There are seven of them. So previously you could only do text", "khIsmgXYApE-00373-00201904-00202280": "or a url. I'll just swipe through so you can hear all of the different field types.", "khIsmgXYApE-00374-00202280-00202720": "[phone] text field. button. date field. button. email field.", "khIsmgXYApE-00375-00202720-00203416": "button. heading field. button. link field. button. phone field. button. time field. button.", "khIsmgXYApE-00376-00203468-00203816": "[Jessica] Okay, so if you wanted to add in a heading", "khIsmgXYApE-00377-00203816-00204320": "then you could just go to heading and so i'll double click.", "khIsmgXYApE-00378-00204320-00204672": "[phone] heading. heading enter a heading. multi-line text field.", "khIsmgXYApE-00379-00204672-00205496": "[Jessica] So it's as simple as enter a heading. For my roses, if I wanted to put in like pests", "khIsmgXYApE-00380-00205600-00206008": "or something like that, I can do that. So I'll double click in the heading.", "khIsmgXYApE-00381-00206008-00206384": "[phone] heading. multi-line text field. is editing. enter a heading.", "khIsmgXYApE-00382-00206384-00206496": "insertion point at start.", "khIsmgXYApE-00383-00206496-00206816": "[Jessica] And then I'll do the two finger double tap to dictate.", "khIsmgXYApE-00384-00207000-00207384": "Pests", "khIsmgXYApE-00385-00207384-00207476": "[phone] pests", "khIsmgXYApE-00386-00207476-00207816": "[Jessica] Okay, so if I'm wanting to keep track of", "khIsmgXYApE-00387-00207816-00208280": "pests or if there's certain things that I know it's susceptible to and I want to put in", "khIsmgXYApE-00388-00208280-00208904": "information on how to treat, you know pest would be my heading. So then I can swipe right.", "khIsmgXYApE-00389-00208904-00209056": "[phone] Add a detail. button.", "khIsmgXYApE-00390-00209056-00209456": "[Jessica] So if I wanted to add another detail I'll go ahead and do that.", "khIsmgXYApE-00391-00209456-00209696": "[phone] Add. choose a field type. menu.", "khIsmgXYApE-00392-00209696-00210336": "[Jessica] And let's say I want to treat aphids. and I don't know the treatment but...", "khIsmgXYApE-00393-00210336-00210936": "[phone] Text field. text. text label. enter a label. multi-line text field.", "khIsmgXYApE-00394-00210936-00211248": "[Jessica] Okay so I'm going to two-finger double tap.", "khIsmgXYApE-00395-00211248-00211392": "[phone] insertion point at end.", "khIsmgXYApE-00396-00211480-00211776": "[Jessica] Aphids", "khIsmgXYApE-00397-00211988-00212176": "[phone] Inserted aphids.", "khIsmgXYApE-00398-00212176-00212319": "[Jessica] Okay so", "khIsmgXYApE-00399-00212319-00212792": "[phone] text. enter the text. multi-line text field.", "khIsmgXYApE-00400-00212792-00213319": "[Jessica] So my label is aphids and maybe right now I'll just put a reminder you know", "khIsmgXYApE-00401-00213319-00213592": "check for aphids around Memorial Day.", "khIsmgXYApE-00402-00213984-00214656": "[phone] Text. enter the text. multi-line text. insertion point at end.", "khIsmgXYApE-00403-00214656-00214904": "[Jessica] Okay now I'm in the right field and I'll double click", "khIsmgXYApE-00404-00215128-00215271": "Check around Memorial Day.", "khIsmgXYApE-00405-00215271-00215823": "[phone inserted check around memorial day.", "khIsmgXYApE-00406-00215823-00216280": "[Jessica] So again that's my that's just the note I'm adding in. If I had a link", "khIsmgXYApE-00407-00216280-00216736": "or something that you know went to the aphid treatment, I could go ahead and do that. So", "khIsmgXYApE-00408-00216736-00217040": "you can put in your heading, add as many details underneath", "khIsmgXYApE-00409-00217040-00217608": "as you want. And again if you wanted to add a heading in between details you've already created,", "khIsmgXYApE-00410-00217608-00218152": "you would just swipe to get to that detail and then the whenever you add a detail", "khIsmgXYApE-00411-00218152-00218704": "it goes immediately below the detail that you've added it to. So that's one thing to remember.", "khIsmgXYApE-00412-00218871-00219360": "But you can add as many headings as you want, and it is a really good way to navigate especially if", "khIsmgXYApE-00413-00219360-00219984": "you start to get a whole lot of information. So I will hit done for that text field", "khIsmgXYApE-00414-00219984-00220592": "[phone] Toolbar. done. done. text. multi-line text field. check around memorial day.", "khIsmgXYApE-00415-00220592-00221064": "[Jessica] So now I can just go ahead and write it to the tag to save all of that information.", "khIsmgXYApE-00416-00221064-00221767": "[phone] write button. write button. alert. ready to scan. ready to scan.", "khIsmgXYApE-00417-00221767-00221904": "Success WayTag written!", "khIsmgXYApE-00418-00222160-00222248": "Roald Dahl rose.", "khIsmgXYApE-00419-00222248-00222519": "[Jessica] Okay so I will just swipe through the headings.", "khIsmgXYApE-00420-00222519-00222952": "[phone] Basic info. heading level two. lists. feeding. heading level two.", "khIsmgXYApE-00421-00223048-00223704": "pruning. heading level two. garden journal. heading level two. pests. heading level two.", "khIsmgXYApE-00422-00223704-00224184": "[Jessica] And there it is. So did that answer your question, Dan?", "khIsmgXYApE-00423-00224476-00225040": "[Dan] Yes it did, but give me the starting point. What are those two buttons on the bottom?", "khIsmgXYApE-00424-00225040-00225608": "[Jessica] Sure, so under every detail the two buttons in order from left to right: the first", "khIsmgXYApE-00425-00225608-00226304": "is add a detail and it has a plus button, and the other is detail actions. That's", "khIsmgXYApE-00426-00226304-00226812": "where you could delete out a detail. The detail actions has the three dots like an ellipsis.", "khIsmgXYApE-00427-00226812-00226984": "[Dan] Okay, thank you.", "khIsmgXYApE-00428-00226984-00227456": "[Jessica] You're very welcome. Alright and Jeanette you are next.", "khIsmgXYApE-00429-00227656-00228384": "[Jeanette] I have two sorry, I have two questions for you. The first is it", "khIsmgXYApE-00430-00228488-00229112": "i i'm not good enough to select text yet so i know what i would do is if somebody sent me", "khIsmgXYApE-00431-00229112-00230192": "text for a way tag i would record it um but my two questions are um i don't want to use the stickers", "khIsmgXYApE-00432-00230248-00230784": "on things i want to be able to reuse them so what suggestions would you offer me", "khIsmgXYApE-00433-00230784-00231544": "and before you answer that my second question is if i in theory don't want to use as many heading", "khIsmgXYApE-00434-00231544-00232552": "many headings as you did can i just skip all of those headings and add text somewhere yes um", "khIsmgXYApE-00435-00232552-00233344": "so let's do that question first these you can use any um of the details anytime you want so and if", "khIsmgXYApE-00436-00233344-00233992": "you want to only have a description that's fine so the headings are really if you have a whole lot of", "khIsmgXYApE-00437-00233992-00234480": "custom details that you're adding it's a good way to break everything up but you can have a tag with", "khIsmgXYApE-00438-00234480-00234936": "zero headings and you could just have you know a bunch of different text details if that's what", "khIsmgXYApE-00439-00234936-00235423": "you want you could have only one text detail you could have no details at all you could just have", "khIsmgXYApE-00440-00235423-00236216": "one url so it's totally flexible whatever you need on a per tag basis so you can you can have", "khIsmgXYApE-00441-00236216-00236896": "a system where you know on the rows if you had a different variety of rows i could just um i would", "khIsmgXYApE-00442-00236896-00237456": "go into this tag and i could basically use that same format and change the information if it's", "khIsmgXYApE-00443-00237456-00237976": "you know a different type of rose that way i kind of have the same format on like items", "khIsmgXYApE-00444-00237976-00238528": "or you can always just start from scratch and just enter any detail you want or no details", "khIsmgXYApE-00445-00238696-00239288": "so on the the stickers if you're wanting a reusable thing you know it really depends on", "khIsmgXYApE-00446-00239288-00239800": "what your what it is you're tagging there's a lot of times that a way clip may make the most", "khIsmgXYApE-00447-00239800-00240367": "sense if you just use it with a rubber band just so you know i'm going to be tagging lots of yarn", "khIsmgXYApE-00448-00240432-00240888": "and okay i thought about using the oval buttons which i have a bunch of but i", "khIsmgXYApE-00449-00240888-00241752": "also have the stickers and in some cases we're looking at 13 or 10 skeins of yarn", "khIsmgXYApE-00450-00241816-00242519": "and i want to group them together and i'm hoping i can use stickers somehow to do that sure um so i", "khIsmgXYApE-00451-00242519-00242984": "think there's a lot of different ways i know a lot of knitters really like the oval hole buttons and", "khIsmgXYApE-00452-00242984-00243688": "if you get the jumbo stitch markers you can attach it's a good way to attach them to the yarn because", "khIsmgXYApE-00453-00243688-00244128": "you probably have stitch markers laying around and they slide really easily through that oval hole", "khIsmgXYApE-00454-00244208-00244736": "if you have a bunch of skeins um you know let's say you have one that's active but then you have", "khIsmgXYApE-00455-00244736-00245312": "a lot in your stash that you're just waiting to use you could put them all in a bag or something", "khIsmgXYApE-00456-00245312-00245912": "and just tag the bag and then you know let's say you finish up one skein of yarn you take", "khIsmgXYApE-00457-00245912-00246464": "that button with the stitch marker get your next skein that matches everything and then you", "khIsmgXYApE-00458-00246464-00247032": "can pull you know put the button on that one that way you're not having to label every single skein", "khIsmgXYApE-00459-00247096-00247728": "if you want to label every skein that's totally fine um if you if they have the paper on them", "khIsmgXYApE-00460-00247728-00248440": "if it's that kind you know you could leave the sticker on the backing and then you can use a", "khIsmgXYApE-00461-00248440-00248967": "it's called a removable mailing label and if you go to our blog there's a blog post called way", "khIsmgXYApE-00462-00248967-00249480": "around accessories and it has a link to a bunch of different accessories there's a label section", "khIsmgXYApE-00463-00249480-00250000": "and it has several different types of removable labels and so that's what i recommend you just", "khIsmgXYApE-00464-00250088-00250576": "you put the way tag sticker again don't take it off the backing leave it on the backing", "khIsmgXYApE-00465-00250576-00251056": "put it down on whatever you're wanting to stick it on to and then put the removable", "khIsmgXYApE-00466-00251056-00251640": "label over it and so you would you would just scan right through that removable label but", "khIsmgXYApE-00467-00251640-00252208": "then you can remove it and put it on something else and the sticky from the removable layer", "khIsmgXYApE-00468-00252208-00252848": "doesn't destroy the information on the way tack no not at all not at all good to know", "khIsmgXYApE-00469-00252848-00253592": "yeah you just made my day oh good good yeah and it's really popular especially if you have a mixed", "khIsmgXYApE-00470-00253592-00254264": "household of both sided and blind people you can always use any of those labels i have some really", "khIsmgXYApE-00471-00254264-00254767": "cute ones like the chalkboard label you know if sighted people are wanting to write something on", "khIsmgXYApE-00472-00254767-00255256": "it they can do that the way tag's right underneath and then you can scan it everybody's happy", "khIsmgXYApE-00473-00255432-00256256": "thank you you're very welcome all right we have yeah i just want to make a real small comment", "khIsmgXYApE-00474-00256256-00256832": "here one of the things that a lot of people do not understand or realize is that our way tags", "khIsmgXYApE-00475-00256832-00257376": "you can read them through items uh you know just like that that removable label they can even be", "khIsmgXYApE-00476-00257376-00257976": "closed you do not have to get access directly to any of our tags they will read through things", "khIsmgXYApE-00477-00258119-00258471": "so so that they don't have to be on the top yeah thank you", "khIsmgXYApE-00478-00258656-00259184": "so okay we have three more people with hands up eric is next", "khIsmgXYApE-00479-00259728-00259967": "go right ahead eric it looks like maybe you're still muted", "khIsmgXYApE-00480-00260184-00261200": "can you hear me now yes oh good um i'm an extremely new user of uh weight tags okay welcome", "khIsmgXYApE-00481-00261280-00262248": "thank you i have a couple of questions that i hope fit here one is canaweta is information", "khIsmgXYApE-00482-00262248-00263064": "stored on the tag itself on the phone or somewhere remotely really good question so it's stored in", "khIsmgXYApE-00483-00263064-00263624": "two places it's stored on your phone and then it's backed up to your account in the cloud", "khIsmgXYApE-00484-00263624-00264288": "and it's the way cloud so it's not your icloud or your google cloud it's our cloud backup system and", "khIsmgXYApE-00485-00264288-00264808": "the reason we do it that way is we take a mobile first approach so if you're ever somewhere where", "khIsmgXYApE-00486-00264808-00265288": "you just can't get connected to the internet either through wi-fi or through cell data", "khIsmgXYApE-00487-00265288-00265824": "you know let's say maybe you're able to go on a cruise or something once covet is over", "khIsmgXYApE-00488-00265824-00266368": "if you're in the middle of the ocean everything is saved to your phone so you can still read all of", "khIsmgXYApE-00489-00266368-00266960": "your way tags you can even write new way tags and then once you're connected to the internet again", "khIsmgXYApE-00490-00266960-00267536": "either through wi-fi or through cell data then all of that information will go up to the cloud and be", "khIsmgXYApE-00491-00267536-00268264": "backed up so in the header you heard it say way cloud connected and that's just a little symbol", "khIsmgXYApE-00492-00268264-00268696": "that we gave you to know everything is working as it should you don't have to do anything to", "khIsmgXYApE-00493-00268696-00269280": "make the backup happen but if you ever hear way cloud disconnected just know it's all going to", "khIsmgXYApE-00494-00269280-00269776": "your phone and then the next time you're connected to the internet and it says way cloud connected", "khIsmgXYApE-00495-00269776-00270320": "then everything's going to sync up for you so if you ever get a new device all you would need to do", "khIsmgXYApE-00496-00270320-00270864": "is just download the way around app log into your account and all of your information would be there", "khIsmgXYApE-00497-00271096-00272272": "ah that sounds good another question is can we access can my wife and i access the same way", "khIsmgXYApE-00498-00272272-00273048": "tags with our individual phones um yes as long as you're using the same account and so everything is", "khIsmgXYApE-00499-00273048-00273592": "account based so if it's written to your account it's private to your account so if you do have", "khIsmgXYApE-00500-00273592-00274136": "multiple people who you want to be accessing the same information you would just need to all be", "khIsmgXYApE-00501-00274136-00274616": "logged into the same account and you can do that on multiple devices whether you have an iphone", "khIsmgXYApE-00502-00274616-00275120": "and an ipad or you know if you and your wife both want to log into the same account that's fine", "khIsmgXYApE-00503-00275400-00276064": "i don't recall is i don't recall that there's a charge for the account itself there's no charge", "khIsmgXYApE-00504-00276064-00276536": "the app is free and your account is free so the only thing you're paying for is the way tag", "khIsmgXYApE-00505-00276800-00277416": "thank you i appreciate the help you're very welcome thanks for joining us today and uh nicos", "khIsmgXYApE-00506-00277776-00278664": "hello uh i have a couple of questions um my first question is um in a setting where you are let's", "khIsmgXYApE-00507-00278664-00279096": "say in a school for the blind or something like that is there a way to create public weight tags", "khIsmgXYApE-00508-00279160-00279856": "uh such as the one that you have created on the stickers of the products um you know when", "khIsmgXYApE-00509-00279856-00280640": "the products are shipped obviously and you know in every little um bug there is a sticker yes", "khIsmgXYApE-00510-00280784-00281312": "yes hey are you are you a plant you were going into the next part of my presentation", "khIsmgXYApE-00511-00281312-00281960": "um so yes there absolutely is and it's we call it way around for public spaces and what that is is", "khIsmgXYApE-00512-00281960-00282584": "the organization has an account and that is an account that um has a charge to it but then the", "khIsmgXYApE-00513-00282584-00283088": "organization can designate people to have read write access so if you were working at a school", "khIsmgXYApE-00514-00283088-00283712": "for the blind and you were the administrator of your way around account you could read tags and", "khIsmgXYApE-00515-00283712-00284224": "then at the it's the exact same interface and if you were writing a tag for the school for", "khIsmgXYApE-00516-00284224-00284720": "the blind there would be a check box at the bottom and you would check it that yes i want this to be", "khIsmgXYApE-00517-00284720-00285256": "public and then you write that and anyone with a way around account would be able to read that tag", "khIsmgXYApE-00518-00285320-00286112": "so we do use that in all of our packaging like you mentioned there's a sticker um either on the label", "khIsmgXYApE-00519-00286112-00286688": "or in some of them it's the the label itself has the tag embedded it's at the top left corner and", "khIsmgXYApE-00520-00286688-00287248": "you can always scan that exactly that's what i figured yeah yes um so it's it works exactly the", "khIsmgXYApE-00521-00287248-00287656": "same and if that's something you're interested for an organization you're affiliated with", "khIsmgXYApE-00522-00287656-00288192": "um please send me an email connect wayaround.com we do have a beta partner program that we're", "khIsmgXYApE-00523-00288192-00288776": "working with several different organizations on way around for public spaces it's not available", "khIsmgXYApE-00524-00288776-00289304": "just you know for anyone to sign up but we do we are accepting partners for our beta program", "khIsmgXYApE-00525-00289400-00290144": "okay uh second question um is there a way to duplicate the tags so for example i'm tagging", "khIsmgXYApE-00526-00290272-00290984": "nutritional products you know like food supplements and stuff and i have to tag like", "khIsmgXYApE-00527-00291072-00291752": "many different boxes because you know that they have like different tastes like banana strawberry", "khIsmgXYApE-00528-00291752-00292288": "whatever chocolate right but all the other details are the same so is there a way to duplicate", "khIsmgXYApE-00529-00292432-00293144": "yes um the best way to do it is you go into edit and then um you would change whatever", "khIsmgXYApE-00530-00293144-00293592": "information you want to change but when you hit right just write it to a new tag", "khIsmgXYApE-00531-00293688-00294056": "all right so if you get all the information and then you just wanted to go in and change", "khIsmgXYApE-00532-00294056-00294400": "the flavor that's all you would do and write it to the new tag right", "khIsmgXYApE-00533-00294536-00295208": "and obviously the flavor would have to go in like i would have to type it in there is not like pick", "khIsmgXYApE-00534-00295208-00295768": "from a list that i could have like i don't know eight flavors and pick one right no not", "khIsmgXYApE-00535-00295768-00296208": "yet we have had some people ask for a feature like that where you could set it up you know", "khIsmgXYApE-00536-00296208-00296792": "if you wanted to pick from a list but it's not available at this time okay thank you very much", "khIsmgXYApE-00537-00296792-00297496": "you're very welcome really good questions jess this is neva yes can i add just one detail to that", "khIsmgXYApE-00538-00297496-00298224": "answer and that is oftentimes i'm labeling multiple things that are exactly alike", "khIsmgXYApE-00539-00298224-00299272": "okay like my norwex enviro cloths all right so i scan one when i get a new one i scan an old one", "khIsmgXYApE-00540-00299336-00300200": "that tag is up on the screen i hit edit and then i hit right and it puts that very same information", "khIsmgXYApE-00541-00300200-00300776": "on a new tag that i'm going to sew onto my onto my brand new envira cloth so i don't ever have to", "khIsmgXYApE-00542-00300776-00301368": "type that stuff again yeah that's a great point so it is once you get that information in there", "khIsmgXYApE-00543-00301368-00302048": "it's easy to to get it on lots of different tags yeah if i've bought one item and now i", "khIsmgXYApE-00544-00302048-00302632": "i've restocked and now i've got 12 new boxes of the same thing i don't have to i don't have", "khIsmgXYApE-00545-00302632-00303568": "to rewrite it all just scan and edit right edit write edit right perfect great tip thank you neva", "khIsmgXYApE-00546-00303568-00304152": "and we do have just about seven minutes i see two other questions and we're gonna stop after those", "khIsmgXYApE-00547-00304152-00304768": "two questions and i have a few other things to add at the very end so the next question is uh phone", "khIsmgXYApE-00548-00304768-00305752": "it's four three seven four the last four digits i think answered my question already i was wondering", "khIsmgXYApE-00549-00305752-00306384": "how do you copy url okay good and do look out for that youtube video that'll be coming out soon", "khIsmgXYApE-00550-00306496-00307104": "okay all right thank you great thank you and uh the last question is from cynthia", "khIsmgXYApE-00551-00307312-00307824": "um i don't know if anyone else had this challenge and because when i first got the app i couldn't", "khIsmgXYApE-00552-00307824-00308576": "it didn't connect to the way cloud or whatever you called it and so i just put it away i thought uh", "khIsmgXYApE-00553-00308640-00309568": "so if if i delete the app and put it back on is there a chance it would work i um i think", "khIsmgXYApE-00554-00309568-00310128": "it depends um cynthia probably the best thing to do is send me an email and we can have our", "khIsmgXYApE-00555-00310128-00310600": "programmers look into it with you to see what might be you know still there um do you have an", "khIsmgXYApE-00556-00310600-00311872": "iphone i'm sorry i can't hear you hello hi cindy i have an iphone you faded away oh okay thank you", "khIsmgXYApE-00557-00311960-00312544": "yeah you have iphone 8 it's an iphone okay um so why don't you send me an email and we can look", "khIsmgXYApE-00558-00312544-00313056": "into the specifics of your account and see what we can do to get it back and you we can also make", "khIsmgXYApE-00559-00313056-00313488": "sure that um the way cloud is connecting for when you get it up and running again", "khIsmgXYApE-00560-00313640-00314248": "okay so what's your email sure the easiest way is connect at wayaround.com okay", "khIsmgXYApE-00561-00314376-00315000": "all right thank you i appreciate it yeah thank you and so we do have just a few minutes left", "khIsmgXYApE-00562-00315000-00315480": "and i wanted to make sure everyone knows we do have another webinar coming up next week", "khIsmgXYApE-00563-00315480-00316152": "it's also about some of the new features on this latest version version 3.2 and specifically about", "khIsmgXYApE-00564-00316152-00316752": "some of the accessibility features so if you're newer to way around or if you're", "khIsmgXYApE-00565-00316752-00317208": "wanting to explore accessibility features it'll be a really good webinar for you to attend", "khIsmgXYApE-00566-00317264-00317816": "there are some differences between android and iphone so i will be demonstrating on both of those", "khIsmgXYApE-00567-00317816-00318440": "versions i know sometimes our android users say you know why don't you ever demonstrate on android", "khIsmgXYApE-00568-00318440-00319160": "next wednesday is your chance and it's at the exact same time 11 30 a.m eastern 10 30 central", "khIsmgXYApE-00569-00319256-00319704": "and if you since you registered for this one it's the very same link", "khIsmgXYApE-00570-00319704-00320232": "so you don't need to register again and be sure and tell your friends if you know of other people", "khIsmgXYApE-00571-00320232-00320752": "who would benefit feel free to spread the word anyone and everyone is welcome and i", "khIsmgXYApE-00572-00320752-00321296": "will be sending out a link to this recording in a couple of days so if you weren't able to attend", "khIsmgXYApE-00573-00321296-00321848": "please watch the recording if you have other questions or other topics that you'd like to see", "khIsmgXYApE-00574-00321848-00322232": "it's been a while since we've done a webinar and people have been saying hey when are you guys", "khIsmgXYApE-00575-00322232-00322736": "going to do another so we're going to do some more but tell us what you want to hear about", "khIsmgXYApE-00576-00322736-00323400": "you can always send me an email send me a chat the email again connect at wayaround.com", "khIsmgXYApE-00577-00323400-00324048": "that will land right in my inbox and lastly we've been doing lots of presentations for organizations", "khIsmgXYApE-00578-00324048-00324824": "schools for the blind um local and state chapters of the nfb of the acb um this uh later today i'm", "khIsmgXYApE-00579-00324824-00325440": "doing a presentation for a group in canada i'm also doing a presentation on friday for the", "khIsmgXYApE-00580-00325440-00326104": "carroll center and i'm going to be co-presenting with some of their low vision experts on low-tech", "khIsmgXYApE-00581-00326104-00326608": "solutions for labeling and organizing your home so if that's a topic you're interested in", "khIsmgXYApE-00582-00326608-00327072": "especially if you're newer to way around it'll be a little bit more of a general overview", "khIsmgXYApE-00583-00327072-00327728": "if you go onto the carol center website you can register for that and if you have an organization", "khIsmgXYApE-00584-00327728-00328176": "or a local chapter and you'd like for me to present i would love to do that so send me an", "khIsmgXYApE-00585-00328176-00328760": "email connect wayaround.com and that'll get right to me and we can figure out a good date and time", "khIsmgXYApE-00586-00328848-00329464": "so thank you all so much for coming today we're going to end just a couple of minutes early and", "khIsmgXYApE-00587-00329464-00329944": "if you have other questions please do get in touch and i look forward to seeing everybody next week", "khIsmgXYApE-00588-00330352-00330584": "all right take care bye-bye"}}, {"audio_id": "khSA0oJuN-A", "text": {"khSA0oJuN-A-00000-00000225-00000933": "( upbeat music)"}}, {"audio_id": "khcR0jLMq_4", "text": {"khcR0jLMq_4-00000-00000032-00000656": "now, since the internet seems to be connected but not working, i can't upload my videos, which", "khcR0jLMq_4-00001-00000656-00001520": "is very sad. and it does happen regularly, but this time, it's weird. it's not a great", "khcR0jLMq_4-00002-00001520-00002328": "thing. i mean, it just shouldn't tell you it's connected if there's no internet from there."}}, {"audio_id": "kijR8TSngAo", "text": {"kijR8TSngAo-00000-00000012-00000672": "so guys, I've removed one channel from this section because it became active, and", "kijR8TSngAo-00001-00000672-00001236": "it made a new video, and then it became active enough so that we could subscribe to it, which", "kijR8TSngAo-00002-00001320-00001860": "happened because of a new video and whatever something like this.", "kijR8TSngAo-00003-00001860-00002436": "happens, we might completely remove channels from sections sometimes."}}, {"audio_id": "kiWdg9zWBfk", "text": {"kiWdg9zWBfk-00000-00000054-00000421": "Cat Valentine, the most cheerful student at Hollywood Arts.", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00001-00000429-00000629": "[laughing]", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00002-00000638-00000992": "When Cat isn't rocking the stage or hanging with her bffs,", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00003-00001001-00001230": "she's been known to have a boyfriend or two.", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00004-00001238-00001593": "Here's the full story of Cat Valentine's relationships.", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00005-00001601-00001939": "First, there was Daniel, a.k.a. Danny.", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00006-00001981-00002164": "- Daniel! - Hey babe!", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00007-00002690-00003098": "This is the guy I've been telling you about, my boyfriend!", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00008-00003149-00003695": "Turns out Cat's new boyfriend, Daniel, was actually Tori's old boyfriend Danny.", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00009-00003703-00004012": "Ok, wait, so you and Tori were like...", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00010-00004150-00004341": "- Girlfriend. - Boyfriend.", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00011-00004508-00004650": "So...", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00012-00004775-00004992": "- Please don't feel weird about this. - You really shouldn't,", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00013-00005000-00005234": "-I mean, we broke up a year ago. -Yeah, it's been a year.", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00014-00005242-00005322": "It's only been 11 months!", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00015-00005330-00005488": "- What difference does it make? - Forget it!", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00016-00005576-00005776": "The point is I'm totally cool with you guys dating.", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00017-00005785-00005993": "And I'm totally cool that you two are friends.", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00018-00006060-00006389": "Well, okay then, it's all happy!", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00019-00006523-00006798": "- Yay. - I'm bored now.", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00020-00006961-00007269": "I apologize for... her.", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00021-00007670-00007770": "So how did you guys meet?", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00022-00007932-00008091": "Do you guys wanna go--", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00023-00008341-00008621": "Yeah... I... okay.", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00024-00008629-00008996": "With Danny back in the picture, Tori gets a little jealous.", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00025-00010005-00010147": "[screaming]", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00026-00010310-00010464": "What the...", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00027-00010702-00011011": "- You got cheese in our hair! - Tori?", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00028-00011123-00011227": "Why did you do that?", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00029-00011403-00011665": "I don't know... I just--", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00030-00011824-00012120": "And may have kissed Danny in front of Cat.", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00031-00012224-00012520": "Are you maybe still into me?", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00032-00012583-00013038": "No, not at all, and I love Cat, she's like the sweetest thing ever and", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00033-00013050-00013200": "I'm psyched you guys are going out.", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00034-00013396-00013542": "I guess it's just...", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00035-00014927-00015119": "[screaming]", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00036-00015127-00015273": "No, uh...", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00037-00016028-00016224": "- Cat! - Oh my God, Cat!", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00038-00016232-00016408": "But Cat and Danny make up", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00039-00016416-00016712": "and Cat may have gotten a little revenge on Tori.", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00040-00016770-00017054": "I'm sorry, and I'm not just saying I'm sorry,", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00041-00017062-00017329": "I'm really, really, seriously sorry.", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00042-00017413-00017709": "You sprayed cheese on me and then kissed my boyfriend.", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00043-00017855-00017968": "Yeah.", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00044-00018063-00018184": "Yeah, I did.", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00045-00018243-00018393": "Why would you be mean to me?", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00046-00018501-00018981": "I don't know, maybe I did still have a few tiny little feelings left for Danny", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00047-00019019-00019202": "and maybe that's why I went a little crazy,", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00048-00019273-00019482": "seeing you two being all mushy together.", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00049-00019607-00019769": "You could've just talked to me about it.", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00050-00019819-00020232": "I know what I did was terrible and awful and immature,", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00051-00020241-00020420": "and you have every right to be furious with me.", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00052-00020491-00020733": "I swear Cat, if I were you, I'd punch me right in the face.", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00053-00020875-00020966": "Ow!", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00054-00021091-00021208": "Cat!", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00055-00021275-00021375": "What?", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00056-00021454-00021742": "- You just punched me in the face! - You said to.", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00057-00021859-00022109": "I know, but that's just something people say-- Ow!", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00058-00022247-00022451": "- Does it hurt? - A lot!", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00059-00022572-00022751": "I think my nose may be broken.", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00060-00022810-00022968": "Well now I feel all bad.", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00061-00023052-00023285": "Don't. I deserved it.", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00062-00023394-00023677": "- Feel better? - I think so.", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00063-00023815-00023936": "I'm sorry.", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00064-00024624-00024895": "- Will you take me to a hospital now? - Sure.", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00065-00024970-00025054": "Thank you.", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00066-00025125-00025262": "Okay, fast forward to Evan.", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00067-00025321-00025417": "What?", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00068-00025546-00025696": "You're just really pretty.", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00069-00025775-00025967": "Oh, uh...", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00070-00026109-00026338": "Sorry, I probably shouldn't have said that.", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00071-00026347-00026597": "No, it's okay, I love compliments.", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00072-00026760-00027148": "Well, you want to sit down with me, maybe talk a little bit?", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00073-00027243-00027681": "Oh, I don't know if I should... Okay!", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00074-00027848-00028040": "Wait, don't you want to go hit the bathroom first?", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00075-00028048-00028340": "No, you seem way more fun than a bathroom.", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00076-00028545-00028987": "Evan and Cat hit it off, but only because he thought she was blonde.", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00077-00028995-00029162": "You never told him you were wearing a wig?", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00078-00029170-00029521": "I forgot! What if he hates red headed girls?", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00079-00029533-00029763": "- He won't! - You're being silly.", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00080-00029771-00030005": "- What's this boy's name? - Evan.", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00081-00030013-00030297": "I forgot his last name, it rhymes with sniff.", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00082-00030413-00030689": "Uh, could it be Smith?", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00083-00030730-00030976": "That's it! God, it's been killing me!", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00084-00031089-00031360": "When he sees how I really look, he's going to be disappointed--", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00085-00031368-00031514": "That does it!", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00086-00031523-00031773": "Caterina Valentine, I will not sit here anymore", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00087-00031790-00032002": "and listen to you talk bad about yourself!", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00088-00032090-00032478": "You're adorable, any guy would be lucky as cheese to go out with you.", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00089-00032570-00032978": "Thanks Robbie, that's really sweet, but you don't know how guys think.", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00090-00033166-00033387": "How-- Good day!", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00091-00033504-00033959": "Jade, tell Cat that when this boy sees her pretty red hair tonight,", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00092-00033971-00034150": "he's going to like her even more.", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00093-00034159-00034501": "- Uh, can't do that. - Why not?", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00094-00034509-00034776": "Because I'm looking at Evan's Splashface page", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00095-00034784-00035201": "and scrolling through pics of his ex-girlfriends, blonde, blonde,", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00096-00035210-00035581": "blonde, whoa ugly blonde, blonde,", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00097-00035589-00035831": "oh and his blue-eyed dog with blond fur.", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00098-00036019-00036186": "I'm thinking Evan goes for blondes.", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00099-00036194-00036303": "[gasping]", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00100-00036311-00036765": "Oh, that doesn't mean anything. What are his likes and dislikes?", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00101-00036774-00037341": "Uh, likes sushi, video games, girls with blond hair and blue eyes.", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00102-00037533-00037633": "Dislikes?", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00103-00037641-00037900": "People who pretend to be something they're not.", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00104-00037996-00038134": "Oh no!", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00105-00038200-00038480": "Cat comes clean, and while she may lose Evan...", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00106-00038488-00038601": "[sighing]", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00107-00038613-00038734": "This is me.", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00108-00038959-00039164": "Well, you're beautiful.", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00109-00039410-00039664": "- I am? - Totally.", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00110-00040031-00040240": "But I'm really into blondes... later.", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00111-00040594-00041070": "There's still someone who sees the real Cat and thinks she's swell.", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00112-00041078-00041337": "♪ The Jagger to your Richards The Kirk to your Picard ♪", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00113-00041345-00041604": "♪ If you're a molten lava room I'll be the one inept guard ♪", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00114-00041612-00041862": "♪ We go together Like pastrami on rye ♪", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00115-00041871-00042129": "♪ Like watching Titanic And trying not to cry ♪", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00116-00042138-00042404": "♪ We go together Like a parade to confetti ♪", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00117-00042413-00042659": "♪ And later if you're hungry I'll make you some spaghetti ♪", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00118-00042771-00042934": "Would there be meatballs?", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00119-00042993-00043063": "There would.", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00120-00043601-00043856": "♪ And I think you're swell ♪", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00121-00044240-00044311": "Hey!", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00122-00044482-00044723": "What if I just dye my hair blonde?", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00123-00044936-00045266": "The next guy that entered Cat's life is Beck's friend Moose.", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00124-00045274-00045370": "He's from Canada.", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00125-00045378-00045512": "He sure is.", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00126-00045570-00045912": "But it looks like she may have some competition for Moose's attention", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00127-00045920-00046012": "Moose!", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00128-00046233-00046421": "I didn't know you were going to be here!", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00129-00046584-00046717": "I didn't know you were a hockey fan?", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00130-00046725-00047088": "Oh, yeah, I've been a hockey fan for a long time.", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00131-00047101-00047339": "See, my name's on the back.", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00132-00047451-00047672": "You can't have a shirt like this made overnight.", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00133-00047681-00047822": "You can so!", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00134-00047831-00048039": "You just go to that all night shirt shop on Western--", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00135-00048048-00048152": "Shut it!", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00136-00048360-00048561": "Lookie what I got!", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00137-00048611-00048823": "- Tickets to tonight's Kings game? - Uh-huh!", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00138-00048832-00049069": "- Okay, she is not an LA Kings fan. - She's faking.", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00139-00049078-00049478": "I am not faking! I love hockey.", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00140-00049491-00049799": "I've been a Kings fan ever since they picked Anze Kopitar", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00141-00049808-00050104": "in the first round of the 2005 NHL draft!", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00142-00050208-00050492": "- That totally turned the team around. - Right around!", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00143-00050542-00050867": "Hey, could you believe that triple overtime game last year against Vancouver?", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00144-00050875-00051234": "So you like my dress and my scissors from your favorite movie?", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00145-00051284-00051693": "Oh my gosh, who wants a hamburger?", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00146-00051814-00052081": "Mmm, hamburger!", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00147-00052131-00052560": "The one guy Cat doesn't have to compete for? Robbie Shapiro.", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00148-00052569-00052948": "Cat and Robbie definitely had a spark at the Cowwow dance.", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00149-00052957-00053132": "Thanks for petting my head bump.", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00150-00053424-00053637": "- Can I tell you a secret? - Sure.", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00151-00054638-00054804": "So Cat up and ran away.", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00152-00054871-00055176": "Here's someone she didn't run away from... Freddie Benson.", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00153-00055226-00055664": "Cat invites Freddie over to make Sam jealous, and they instantly hit it off.", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00154-00055672-00055810": "[laughing]", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00155-00055818-00056076": "I didn't say anything funny?", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00156-00056181-00056393": "What the-- Is that?", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00157-00056402-00056640": "[laughing]", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00158-00056710-00056923": "- No way. - What, Cat?", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00159-00056931-00057157": "No it's-- Just come with me.", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00160-00057336-00057453": "Oh, Freddie.", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00161-00057645-00057857": "Oh, look who's here!", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00162-00057866-00058108": "- Sam, there you are, hi! - What are you doing?", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00163-00058116-00058283": "Who is she? What is happening?", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00164-00058291-00058508": "I came to L.A. because I thought you got run over by--", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00165-00058516-00058742": "Freddie, this is my friend Jade,", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00166-00058750-00058967": "Jade, how cute is my new friend Freddie?", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00167-00058975-00059238": "Yeah, he's a pretty little chunk of boy.", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00168-00059301-00059563": "Heh heh, well this is awkward.", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00169-00059626-00059876": "Your entire life is awkward, you should be used to it by now.", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00170-00060076-00060164": "She makes a good point.", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00171-00060172-00060485": "Until Robbie shows up singing for Sam.", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00172-00060506-00060631": "Shh!", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00173-00061023-00061144": "That sounds like...", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00174-00061232-00061620": "♪ Swell ♪", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00175-00061628-00061849": "♪ I think you're swell ♪", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00176-00061962-00062158": "- Robbie Shapiro! - Whoa!", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00177-00062166-00062291": "So not swell, Robbie.", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00178-00062299-00062633": "- Robbie is in love with me. - So? Freddie's in love with me.", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00179-00062641-00062791": "Now wait a second!", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00180-00062841-00063000": "If you're so in love with Sam,", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00181-00063008-00063309": "then why have you been running around Los Angeles fadoodling with Cat?", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00182-00063392-00063605": "I haven't fadoodled with Cat.", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00183-00063613-00063826": "You could've if you wanted to!", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00184-00063959-00064168": "Cat and Sam continue to fight over the guys,", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00185-00064180-00064372": "but there's a little accident.", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00186-00064380-00064489": "Cat, no!", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00187-00064718-00064889": "Here she comes, she's gonna--", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00188-00065194-00065361": "[screaming]", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00189-00065940-00066099": "[screaming]", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00190-00066428-00066687": "In the end, Cat and Robbie agree to go on a date.", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00191-00066733-00067325": "Cat, when my wounds heal maybe you and I can hang out, just the two of us.", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00192-00067425-00067784": "- Would there be meatballs? - There would.", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00193-00067934-00068038": "Kay kay.", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00194-00068063-00068214": "Are you a Cabbie ship fan?", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00195-00068226-00068543": "Maybe you like Cat with Danny? Maybe Freddie?", "kiWdg9zWBfk-00196-00068556-00068952": "Who's your favorite Cat Valentine crush? Let us know in the comments."}}, {"audio_id": "kjRWPkGk0x4", "text": {"kjRWPkGk0x4-00000-00000000-00001549": "There are several common characteristics shared by all animals such as a bear, snake, jellyfish, spiders and humans. The animal ...", "kjRWPkGk0x4-00001-00001549-00002103": "kingdom consists of multicellular eukaryotes.", "kjRWPkGk0x4-00002-00002136-00003536": "Animal evolution began 600 million years ago, with the primitive creatures having a basic lifecycle. Over time the anatomy, embryological ...", "kjRWPkGk0x4-00003-00003536-00004216": "development and genetic makeup evolved to a more complex creature.", "kjRWPkGk0x4-00004-00004252-00005760": "Almost all animals have specialized tissue, those are similar cells. Such as nervous tissue, muscle tissue, epithelial, and connective tissue.", "kjRWPkGk0x4-00005-00005760-00006477": "Various tissues form organs and various organs form an organ system.", "kjRWPkGk0x4-00006-00006512-00007752": "Animals have specialized connective tissue that provide many functions including transport and structural support.  Most animals are motile at ...", "kjRWPkGk0x4-00007-00007752-00008087": "least during some stage of their life.", "kjRWPkGk0x4-00008-00008120-00009296": "They are also heterotrophs or saprobes. They are dependent on autotrophic organisms such as plants.", "kjRWPkGk0x4-00009-00009308-00010613": "Most animals reproduce sexually, usually that are vertebrates that is they have a backbone. The offspring passed through a series ...", "kjRWPkGk0x4-00010-00010613-00010858": "of developmental stages.", "kjRWPkGk0x4-00011-00010892-00012153": "Animal bodies are composed of diploid cells and in the haploid cells are only present in reproductive structures such as ...", "kjRWPkGk0x4-00012-00012153-00012386": "the egg and the sperm.", "kjRWPkGk0x4-00013-00012420-00013680": "Animals without backbone may have some asexual reproductive processes such as budding and fragmentation, that is a piece can be ...", "kjRWPkGk0x4-00014-00013680-00014790": "separated and it can grow into a new individual. Some fish, amphibians and reptiles may exhibit these processes.", "kjRWPkGk0x4-00015-00014824-00016134": "In this chart you can see the phylogenetic tree of animals is based on morphological, fossil and genetic evidence.", "kjRWPkGk0x4-00016-00016147-00017698": "Animals are classified according to morphological and developmental characteristic. The shape of the animal body is determined during developmental stage ...", "kjRWPkGk0x4-00017-00017698-00017851": "by a body plan.", "kjRWPkGk0x4-00018-00017880-00018917": "With the exception of sponges, the animal body is symmetrical. Most animals have the body parts in two planes. Additionally ...", "kjRWPkGk0x4-00019-00018917-00019971": "the presence or absence of an internal body cavity during embryological development contributes to an animals characteristic.", "kjRWPkGk0x4-00020-00020008-00021051": "Animal body may be asymmetrical, radial or bilateral in plan.", "kjRWPkGk0x4-00021-00021056-00022188": "Asymmetrical animals have no symmetry and are generally no shape such as seen in animal such as a sponge. Radial ...", "kjRWPkGk0x4-00022-00022188-00023167": "symmetry can be seen in a jellyfish or Sea Annemone, the body can be divided in different planes.", "kjRWPkGk0x4-00023-00023212-00024212": "Bilateral symmetry is seen in humans as well as goat a vertical plane will cut from front to back and ...", "kjRWPkGk0x4-00024-00024212-00024962": "separates into a mirror image. These animals have a left and right hand side", "kjRWPkGk0x4-00025-00025004-00026098": "Earlier I mentioned that animals undergo embryonic development which dictates its appearance.", "kjRWPkGk0x4-00026-00026116-00027391": "During embryonic development of a hollow cluster of cells forms, and this reorganizes into germ layers.", "kjRWPkGk0x4-00027-00027408-00028581": "There are three germ layers in bilateral symmetrical animals and two germ layers in radial symmetrical animals each layer develops ...", "kjRWPkGk0x4-00028-00028581-00028964": "into a specific set of tissues and organs.", "kjRWPkGk0x4-00029-00028983-00030577": "The three germ layers are ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm the ectoderm differentiates into the central nervous system, the epidermis and ...", "kjRWPkGk0x4-00030-00030577-00030683": "the hair.", "kjRWPkGk0x4-00031-00030708-00032103": "The endoderm develops organs such as stomach, liver, lungs and intestines. The mesoderm provides red blood cells and bone tissue.", "kjRWPkGk0x4-00032-00032103-00032964": "Diploblasts develop with two germ layers and triploblast with three germ layers.", "kjRWPkGk0x4-00033-00033004-00034082": "Internal body cavity called as a coelom is formed from the mesoderm.", "kjRWPkGk0x4-00034-00034104-00034987": "As seen in the images of a flat worm, annelids and the nematode each have a body cavity lined by ...", "kjRWPkGk0x4-00035-00034987-00035526": "the mesoderm tissue and hence they have a gut and a coelom.", "kjRWPkGk0x4-00036-00035556-00036900": "Protosomes include roundworms, mollusks and arthropods develop the mouth part as first opening to the gut. Deuterosomes include animals which ...", "kjRWPkGk0x4-00037-00036900-00038004": "develop a second opening on the dorsal surface called as the anus. The majority of the invertebrates are protosomes.", "kjRWPkGk0x4-00038-00038040-00039302": "Sponges are animals of the phylum Porifera. There multicellular with no symmetry and generally a body full of pores and ...", "kjRWPkGk0x4-00039-00039302-00039602": "channels to circulate water.", "kjRWPkGk0x4-00040-00039624-00040786": "They do not have nervous, digestive or circulatory system they are generally filter feeders, absorb food and adjust them. They ...", "kjRWPkGk0x4-00041-00040786-00041744": "also are hermaphrodites, meaning no male and female distinction. They do develop into free living larva.", "kjRWPkGk0x4-00042-00041792-00043242": "Cindarians contain animals found only in aquatic environments. Include jellyfish, sea anemone, and hydroids. They all have tentacles with stinging ...", "kjRWPkGk0x4-00043-00043242-00043602": "cells that are used to capture prey.", "kjRWPkGk0x4-00044-00043632-00045228": "Platyhelminthes include simplest animals that are bilateral. First appearance of a trioplastic layers. They are generally unsegmented however mainly flat ...", "kjRWPkGk0x4-00045-00045228-00045375": "in appearance.", "kjRWPkGk0x4-00046-00045404-00046628": "First appearance of the nervous cords and ganglions along with simple organs are present in this group.", "kjRWPkGk0x4-00047-00046648-00047665": "The nematodes are also called as roundworms, they generally parasitic.. They have tapered body at both ends and have a ...", "kjRWPkGk0x4-00048-00047665-00048579": "complete digestive system, chitin is also present in the external surface to give it  structural strength.", "kjRWPkGk0x4-00049-00048612-00049668": "They’re usually present on the ocean floor and have a diverse lifecycle. Some can be monoecious that is one sex ...", "kjRWPkGk0x4-00050-00049668-00050445": "and others can be dioecious, meaning having both sexes. They look like long tubes.", "kjRWPkGk0x4-00051-00050476-00051704": "The Arthopods have jointed legs and dominate the animal kingdom. Most arthopods have an exoskeleton and have segmented body. They ...", "kjRWPkGk0x4-00052-00051704-00052184": "have a head, thorax and abdomen or the trunk area.", "kjRWPkGk0x4-00053-00052208-00053179": "They have an open circulatory system in which blood floods the internal organs rather than circulation. They do have a ...", "kjRWPkGk0x4-00054-00053179-00054249": "primitive respiratory system with trachea used to transport air throughout the body and opening to the outside called as spiracles ...", "kjRWPkGk0x4-00055-00054249-00054390": "for gas exchange.", "kjRWPkGk0x4-00056-00054432-00055552": "The most predominant Marine animal are the mollusks. They have the soft body and vary in body forms. They include ...", "kjRWPkGk0x4-00057-00055552-00056232": "snails and scallops. There are more than 100,000 species of mollusks.", "kjRWPkGk0x4-00058-00056264-00057333": "They have presence of gills for gas exchange. Some mollusks have shells. They have a mantle, the organ that secretes ...", "kjRWPkGk0x4-00059-00057333-00057426": "the shell.", "kjRWPkGk0x4-00060-00057455-00058657": "Phylum annelids are segmented worms found in aquatic and terrestrial habitats. They are segmented however they have a protective cuticle ...", "kjRWPkGk0x4-00061-00058657-00058871": "on the external surface.", "kjRWPkGk0x4-00062-00058891-00059972": "They have a close circulatory system, with the primitive heart. They also have a primitive kidney and gas exchange occurs ...", "kjRWPkGk0x4-00063-00059972-00060611": "across the body surface. Earthworms and leeches are example of annelids.", "kjRWPkGk0x4-00064-00060644-00062033": "Echinoderms our generally spiny and include species such as a sea stars, sea cucumber and sea urchins. They have Pentaradial ...", "kjRWPkGk0x4-00065-00062033-00062327": "symmetry and endoskeleton.", "kjRWPkGk0x4-00066-00062355-00063384": "These animals have a true gut a portion of which is modified in a unique water vascular system. This system ...", "kjRWPkGk0x4-00067-00063384-00063975": "allows for gas exchange, nutrient circulation and locomotion."}}, {"audio_id": "kjUcjE91JLY", "text": {"kjUcjE91JLY-00000-00000000-00019229": "(Music:League of legends|Rise)", "kjUcjE91JLY-00001-00019229-00019740": "Sub to valvin"}}, {"audio_id": "kkifnH1ceDg", "text": {"kkifnH1ceDg-00000-00000420-00000984": "sure at least 200 you got yeah ain't there any more taxes around I've only been sending messages", "kkifnH1ceDg-00001-00000984-00001722": "out one did get back from Gonzalez with 32 men and as a very sized Force Gun and Goldie had we sent", "kkifnH1ceDg-00002-00001722-00002130": "a curry around a few days ago but I don't think he made it I got the first horse so I'll take a crime", "kkifnH1ceDg-00003-00002130-00002862": "at getting through yeah half horse half alligator we both know the amount of Potter in the guns not", "kkifnH1ceDg-00004-00002862-00003378": "near as important as the spirit of The Man Behind the sights Backpage knowing you're going to win", "kkifnH1ceDg-00005-00003564-00003834": "the first time since I've been here I believe we can hold on", "kkifnH1ceDg-00006-00003936-00004491": "Betsy here Mr. Arkansas toothpick urine how can we lose [Music]"}}, {"audio_id": "kkjd0VlRcEQ", "text": {"kkjd0VlRcEQ-00000-00000910-00001098": "When you are listening to someone,", "kkjd0VlRcEQ-00001-00001098-00001398": "you have to instantaneously pull out", "kkjd0VlRcEQ-00002-00001398-00001710": "what is the communication information coming in", "kkjd0VlRcEQ-00003-00001710-00001844": "versus background noise.", "kkjd0VlRcEQ-00004-00001844-00002226": "You have to figure out where one word begins and ends,", "kkjd0VlRcEQ-00005-00002226-00002416": "and then you have to assemble those words,", "kkjd0VlRcEQ-00006-00002416-00002588": "in the proper order,", "kkjd0VlRcEQ-00007-00002588-00002828": "to extract who's doing what to whom.", "kkjd0VlRcEQ-00008-00002828-00003074": "You do that rapidly - very quickly -", "kkjd0VlRcEQ-00009-00003074-00003358": "and one aspect of that whole process", "kkjd0VlRcEQ-00010-00003358-00003514": "gets thrown off course", "kkjd0VlRcEQ-00011-00003926-00004194": "That, to me, is amazing.", "kkjd0VlRcEQ-00012-00004310-00004434": "Dr. Tracy Love is a", "kkjd0VlRcEQ-00013-00004434-00004690": "professor at San Diego State University's", "kkjd0VlRcEQ-00014-00004690-00005028": "school of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences.", "kkjd0VlRcEQ-00015-00005046-00005392": "Dr. Love's research program focuses on how language", "kkjd0VlRcEQ-00016-00005392-00005698": "is processed neurologically in stroke survivors", "kkjd0VlRcEQ-00017-00005698-00005966": "and individuals with other speech impairments.", "kkjd0VlRcEQ-00018-00006356-00006652": "It's playing around with the complex part of grammar", "kkjd0VlRcEQ-00019-00006652-00006895": "and sentences to understand where the breakdowns are occurring", "kkjd0VlRcEQ-00020-00006895-00007231": "for individuals with various language difficulties.", "kkjd0VlRcEQ-00021-00007231-00007494": "She does this with brain scans, eye tracking,", "kkjd0VlRcEQ-00022-00007494-00007752": "and a host of other technologies", "kkjd0VlRcEQ-00023-00007752-00008073": "that I do not claim to understand.", "kkjd0VlRcEQ-00024-00008138-00008508": "As the director of the language and neuroscience group,", "kkjd0VlRcEQ-00025-00008508-00008772": "Dr. Love encourages her students to take an", "kkjd0VlRcEQ-00026-00008772-00009068": "interdisciplinary approach in their research", "kkjd0VlRcEQ-00027-00009068-00009396": "as she provides them with industry level expertise", "kkjd0VlRcEQ-00028-00009396-00009522": "and mentorship.", "kkjd0VlRcEQ-00029-00009546-00009858": "She's so motivated for science that it's really infectious.", "kkjd0VlRcEQ-00030-00009858-00010098": "When we have lab meetings, we don't hold", "kkjd0VlRcEQ-00031-00010098-00010496": "anything back; we are very outspoken and Tracy", "kkjd0VlRcEQ-00032-00010496-00010726": "makes sure that we each feel that we", "kkjd0VlRcEQ-00033-00010726-00010984": "have a place here, that we really belong.", "kkjd0VlRcEQ-00034-00011118-00011396": "She likes to think about different approaches", "kkjd0VlRcEQ-00035-00011396-00011696": "from psychology, from linguistics, neuroscience.", "kkjd0VlRcEQ-00036-00011714-00012052": "That's the nature that we need for this program.", "kkjd0VlRcEQ-00037-00012052-00012356": "We are in an era that we need the combination of", "kkjd0VlRcEQ-00038-00012356-00012524": "these methods and ideas to work.", "kkjd0VlRcEQ-00039-00012622-00012991": "It's been really fun working and collaborating with", "kkjd0VlRcEQ-00040-00012991-00013344": "others where you can merge your interests", "kkjd0VlRcEQ-00041-00013344-00013636": "and your unique skill sets to answer these research", "kkjd0VlRcEQ-00042-00013636-00013719": "questions.", "kkjd0VlRcEQ-00043-00013812-00014052": "Every time we get results I am further behind.", "kkjd0VlRcEQ-00044-00014126-00014326": "The more we do, the more we realize", "kkjd0VlRcEQ-00045-00014326-00014544": "we have a lot more to go."}}, {"audio_id": "kkx5t_Rrc_u", "text": {"kkx5t_Rrc_u-00000-00000026-00000353": "Welcome back. I'm Ove Hoegh-Guldberg and today", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00001-00000353-00000660": "I'm going to be talking about reproduction, recruitment", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00002-00000660-00000986": "and the connectivity of tropical coastal ecosystems.", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00003-00000986-00001288": "Well, like life", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00004-00001288-00001644": "elsewhere reproduction is an essential part of life in the ocean", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00005-00001644-00002010": "in this lecture I want to introduce you to the", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00006-00002010-00002394": "reproduction, recruitment, and population connectivity of key organisms", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00007-00002394-00002651": "associated with tropical coastal ecosystems.", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00008-00002651-00003085": "To begin with I want to discuss the key differences", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00009-00003085-00003411": "of these processes between life in the ocean", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00010-00003411-00003826": "and life on land. I then want to move on to discussing the different", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00011-00003826-00003986": "modes of reproduction.", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00012-00003986-00004321": "Not all organisms reproduce in the same way", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00013-00004321-00004748": "and as you will discover there is a huge variety of different forms of", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00014-00004748-00004846": "reproduction.", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00015-00004846-00005480": "Well why there is such a variety is also a question and that's the focus of the", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00016-00005480-00005644": "next section of this lecture", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00017-00005644-00006110": "when we will explore the advantages of different modes of reproduction.", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00018-00006110-00006595": "In this case the difference between sexual versus asexual reproduction", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00019-00006595-00006922": "and the differences between brooding versus broadcasting", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00020-00006922-00007351": "of your offspring. These topics will then naturally move onto", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00021-00007351-00007815": "one of the most extraordinary phenomenons in tropical oceans and that is", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00022-00007815-00008397": "the phenomenon of mass spawning. That will then lead to a discussion of the", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00023-00008397-00008642": "importance of reproduction and recruitment to the", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00024-00008642-00009086": "dispersal organisms as well as the inherent impacts of these processes", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00025-00009086-00009427": "on aspects such as population structure.", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00026-00009427-00009768": "Well let's begin with this first question:", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00027-00009768-00010161": "What's the big difference between", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00028-00010161-00010461": "the reproduction marine organisms versus those", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00029-00010461-00011022": "living on land? Well the first and most obvious difference is that water is far", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00030-00011022-00011257": "more abundant in the ocean than on land.", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00031-00011257-00011585": "As a consequence of this difference the", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00032-00011585-00011917": "gametes (sex cells) of marine organisms", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00033-00011917-00012417": "are often directly released into the water column and because the", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00034-00012417-00012795": "desiccation of gametes is not so much of a problem in the ocean,", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00035-00012795-00013181": "the complex structures or genitalia that are required", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00036-00013181-00013484": "for internal fertilization and the protection of", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00037-00013484-00013793": "of those early stages from desiccation", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00038-00013793-00014403": "are far less developed in marine organisms. There are also", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00039-00014403-00014819": "other differences between oceanic and terrestrial  environments.", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00040-00014819-00015286": "Another is that conditions are far more constant in ocean settings", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00041-00015286-00015806": "in most cases due to the greater thermal inertia water as compared to air.", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00042-00015806-00016226": "This essentially means that oceanic environments are subject to far less", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00043-00016226-00016673": "variability and extremes in temperature. Also,", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00044-00016673-00017100": "gas and salt concentrations tend to also be very stable.", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00045-00017100-00017601": "Lastly, because of the greater buoyancy force generated within", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00046-00017601-00017712": "environments", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00047-00017712-00018067": "marine organisms can disperse large distances by", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00048-00018067-00018412": "floating, a situation that's not always possible on land.", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00049-00018412-00018829": "One of the consequences of having less water is that", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00050-00018829-00019251": "dispersal distances on land are far less than those in the ocean", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00051-00019251-00019839": "and a direct result of this is that there are few species, or types of animals, that are found", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00052-00019840-00020195": "universally across the planet. Take mammals for example.", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00053-00020195-00020576": "there are very different types of mammals within the Australian terrestrial", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00054-00020576-00020673": "environment", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00055-00020673-00021031": "as opposed to those in the African and South American", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00056-00021031-00021609": "environments. By contrast the", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00057-00021609-00022023": "greater dispersal distances of marine organisms mean that many species can be", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00058-00022023-00022197": "found almost globally", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00059-00022197-00022548": "within temperate, tropical, or polar environments", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00060-00022548-00022987": "For example the threadfin butterflyfish, Chaetodon auriga", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00061-00022987-00023354": "is found in Southeast Asia as well as the Indian and Pacific oceans.", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00062-00023354-00023804": "This range is rarely the case for terrestrial species. These differences have", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00063-00023804-00024168": "major ramifications for the structure of marine populations", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00064-00024168-00024587": "resulting in different problems and solutions when it comes to their", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00065-00024587-00024665": "management.", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00066-00024665-00025170": "Of course there are also other factors which can influence a spread of species", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00067-00025170-00025215": "within", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00068-00025215-00025679": "ocean environments. One of those is the length of larval life", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00069-00025679-00026331": "which varies considerably among marine organisms. Many sea squirts or ascidians", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00070-00026331-00026427": "for example have", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00071-00026427-00026885": "larval lives of maybe less than a day in length and consequently", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00072-00026885-00027585": "they only disperse short distances from parent to where they eventually settle.", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00073-00027708-00028207": "By contrast many organisms have long larval lives that may stretch", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00074-00028207-00028530": "to months in length and in these cases", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00075-00028530-00029230": "dispersal distances can be considerable, hundreds of kilometers if not thousands.", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00076-00029358-00029722": "These are important issues that have ramifications for management of marine", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00077-00029722-00029857": "populations", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00078-00029857-00030163": "especially those in tropical coastal ecosystems.", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00079-00030163-00030594": "We'll come back to these issues at the end of this lecture when we talk about", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00080-00030594-00030989": "the consequences of reproductive modes within the ocean.", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00081-00030989-00031433": "Let's now talk about the reproduction of marine organisms.", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00082-00031433-00031811": "Reproduction, as I'm sure you know, is a biological process by which new", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00083-00031811-00032038": "individuals are produced.", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00084-00032038-00032339": "It is a fundamental feature of life on Earth", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00085-00032339-00032713": "and in broad terms reproduction can be split into three main", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00086-00032713-00033197": "types. The first is asexual reproduction which involves", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00087-00033197-00033530": "identical replication of a single parent.", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00088-00033530-00034028": "The genes of the offspring come from a single individual.", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00089-00034028-00034428": "The second is parthenogenesis which is really a form of", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00090-00034428-00034886": "asexual reproduction that involves the growth and development of embryos from", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00091-00034886-00035191": "an egg without fertilization.", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00092-00035191-00035537": "The third category is sexual reproduction which requires the", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00093-00035537-00035728": "involvement of two individuals", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00094-00035728-00036168": "the contribute gametes that then combine form the next generation.", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00095-00036168-00036524": "Asexual reproduction is a mode of reproduction in which", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00096-00036524-00036977": "offspring arise directly from a single organism by cloning", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00097-00036977-00037316": "and inherit the genes of that parent only.", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00098-00037316-00037765": "The growth of coral colonies for example occurs largely through the", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00099-00037765-00038072": "fission or division of existing coral polyps", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00100-00038072-00038474": "to create individuals, one polyp splitting into two.", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00101-00038474-00038822": "This is a picture above the coral Goniastrea aspera.", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00102-00038822-00039206": "Originally there was only a single polyp which then eventually divided to form", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00103-00039206-00039328": "other individuals", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00104-00039328-00039685": "all genetically identical. New polyps", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00105-00039685-00040094": "tend to be found along the edge of small colonies like this.", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00106-00040094-00040511": "Asexual reproduction is found in a wide variety of animals and plants", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00107-00040511-00040891": "including sea cucumbers, starfish, flatworms, corals,", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00108-00040891-00041197": "sea anemones and related organisms.", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00109-00041197-00041581": "This form of reproduction is very common among marine plants as well", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00110-00041581-00042040": "with algae such as Caulerpa, producing runners which can separate from one", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00111-00042040-00042463": "plant leading to production another plant.", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00112-00042463-00042825": "in a similar way new coral colonies will form from pieces of", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00113-00042825-00043159": "colonies broken off during storms.", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00114-00043159-00043563": "Reproduction by fragmentation is extremely important in some reef", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00115-00043563-00043653": "environments", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00116-00043653-00044043": "with populations of corals often having low genetic diversity", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00117-00044043-00044450": "due to the fact that they have come from small fragments of a few individuals on a", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00118-00044450-00044581": "reef.", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00119-00044581-00044953": "Parthenogenesis is a form of asexual reproduction", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00120-00044953-00045266": "in which growth and development of embryos occur", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00121-00045266-00045581": "without fertilization of the egg. The word", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00122-00045581-00045930": "parthenogenesis literally means 'virgin birth'.", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00123-00045930-00046258": "Although it is rare, it is found in a wide variety of", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00124-00046258-00046716": "marine organisms including plants flatworms, copepods, and some", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00125-00046716-00047284": "vertebrates including sharks. Individuals produced as a result of parthenogenesis", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00126-00047284-00047556": "often have the full set of chromosomes", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00127-00047556-00047961": "despite the fact that fertilization has not occurred.", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00128-00047961-00048316": "There are a number of ways that the full set of chromosomes", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00129-00048316-00048711": "is restored.", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00130-00048711-00049183": "in some situations there are distinct advantages of being able to produce", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00131-00049183-00049512": "asexually. The first advantage is that", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00132-00049512-00049812": "animals can live in isolation and", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00133-00049812-00050287": "reproduce without having to find another partner.", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00134-00050287-00050761": "Asexual reproduction also produces a perfect copy of the parents which can be", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00135-00050761-00050961": "advantageous when", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00136-00050961-00051426": "parents are optimally configured to a constant environment.", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00137-00051426-00051787": "Asexual reproduction can also result in many offspring", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00138-00051787-00052224": "produced very quickly and there are advantages in that there is no wastage", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00139-00052224-00052377": "of gametes or energy", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00140-00052377-00052791": "like that seen during sexual reproduction.", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00141-00052791-00053282": "But what are the drawbacks or disadvantages of asexual reproduction?", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00142-00053282-00053685": "Well one significant drawback is that asexual reproduction", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00143-00053685-00054094": "results in offspring that have very low variability,", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00144-00054094-00054519": "and this can be a big disadvantage in an environment that changes", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00145-00054519-00054898": "constantly. The idea being that fit individuals", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00146-00054898-00055425": "will be fit to one environment but not another as the environment changes.", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00147-00055425-00055823": "In this regard sexual reproduction is highly advantageous, in", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00148-00055823-00056164": "environments show variability in space and time.", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00149-00056164-00056616": "Let's now turn to a discussion of sexual reproduction.", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00150-00056616-00056957": "Sexual reproduction is the biological process by which", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00151-00056957-00057461": "organisms create offspring that have a combination of the genetic material", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00152-00057461-00057891": "of two parents. Each of the parents contributes", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00153-00057891-00058291": "half of the genetic material that make up the offspring", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00154-00058291-00058717": "by creating haploid gametes or sex cells.", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00155-00058717-00059170": "These sex cells then combine with those of another parent through", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00156-00059170-00059664": "the act of fertilization. In some species the gametes will", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00157-00059664-00060164": "differ in size with the parent that produces the smaller sperm,", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00158-00060164-00060601": "or microspore, being known as a male and the parent that produces the", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00159-00060601-00060995": "ova or the egg or the megaspore, known as the", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00160-00060995-00061427": "female. In cases like these where the", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00161-00061427-00061732": "two gametes differ greatly in size", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00162-00061732-00062107": "the species is referred to as 'anisogamous'.", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00163-00062107-00062563": "In some species however, the gametes do not differ in size or appearance", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00164-00062563-00062955": "and are referred to as 'isogamous'.", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00165-00062955-00063411": "Many single-celled algae are isogamous.", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00166-00063411-00063932": "There's a great variety in the way organisms reproduce sexually.", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00167-00063932-00064369": "For example, while many species have individuals that produce", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00168-00064369-00064841": "one or the other type of sex cell, there are a large number of organisms", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00169-00064841-00065212": "which can produce both types of sex cells.", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00170-00065212-00065597": "In the case where individuals have separate sexes,", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00171-00065597-00065932": "species are referred to as gonochoristic or dioecious.", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00172-00065932-00066358": "In situations where", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00173-00066358-00066823": "individuals can produce both types of sex cells, both egg and sperm,", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00174-00066823-00067242": "the species are referred to as hermaphrodites.", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00175-00067242-00067636": "Interestingly there are different forms of hermaphrodites.", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00176-00067636-00068098": "As we've just discussed many species in the ocean can have both tissues", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00177-00068098-00068557": "both the testes and ovaries in the same body.", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00178-00068557-00068897": "Other hermaphrodites however, may have different sexual", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00179-00068897-00069224": "tissues at different times of their life cycle.", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00180-00069224-00069689": "These are referred to as 'sequential hermaphrodites'.", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00181-00069689-00070151": "In the case with species start off life as males and turn into females,", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00182-00070151-00070512": "the type of sexual reproduction is referred to as 'protandrous", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00183-00070512-00071007": "hermaphroditism' which essentially means, males first.", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00184-00071007-00071456": "In other species individuals may start of life as females", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00185-00071456-00071877": "and turn into males later and this is referred to as being", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00186-00071877-00072492": "'protogynous hermaphrodites'. Protandrous hermaphrodites start of life as males", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00187-00072492-00072933": "and at some point in their life cycle they change into females.", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00188-00072933-00073332": "There are many examples of protandrous marine organisms including", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00189-00073332-00073826": "Ctenophores, flatworms and some gastropod molluscs.", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00190-00073826-00074220": "Of course the most famous protandrous hermaphrodites", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00191-00074220-00074617": "are the clownfish such as those featured in the movie", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00192-00074617-00075108": "Nemo. In this group that fish, which live mutualistically with a large number", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00193-00075108-00075608": "of sea anemones, individuals recruit from the plankton into sea anemones and start", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00194-00075608-00075666": "life", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00195-00075666-00076064": "as males. Usually, anemones will have resident individuals", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00196-00076064-00076386": "the largest and most aggressive of which is a female", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00197-00076386-00076738": "less mature and smaller clownfish, consequently, are male.", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00198-00076738-00077307": "Except for this lead female. If the lead female dies or is removed however", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00199-00077307-00077662": "the next in line, the next largest male", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00200-00077662-00078197": "anemone fish changes into a female. This type of situation may be advantageous for", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00201-00078197-00078366": "situations in which habitat,", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00202-00078366-00078713": "that is large sea anemones is somewhat restricted.", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00203-00078713-00079123": "Consequently it's important that clownfish have some flexibility", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00204-00079123-00079587": "in their sexual type so that populations don't accidentally end up", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00205-00079587-00079662": "consisting", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00206-00079662-00079968": "only males or only females.", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00207-00079968-00080394": "It is interesting to think about the advantages of protandry verses", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00208-00080394-00080704": "protogyny. In this case", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00209-00080704-00081054": "there is some advantage to being a male when you're small", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00210-00081054-00081425": "and a female when you're large. Have a think about", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00211-00081425-00081926": "what the advantages might be either way.", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00212-00081926-00082286": "Many other species have the reverse of  protandry,", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00213-00082286-00082744": "starting of life is females and becoming males only when they're dominant within", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00214-00082744-00083225": "social groups. Fish that have large territories in which they", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00215-00083225-00083561": "dominate groups of females or harems tend to be", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00216-00083561-00084179": "protogynous. In this case individuals recruit from the plankton as females", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00217-00084179-00084481": "and are dominated for most of their live by one", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00218-00084481-00084855": "to several male fish.", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00219-00084855-00085312": "When those dominant males, however, are removed from the population or die", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00220-00085312-00085670": "the largest female will then turn into a male.", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00221-00085677-00085997": "Some these changes can be quite dramatic. One of the most", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00222-00085997-00086332": "prominent examples of protogeny, or", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00223-00086332-00086712": "protogynous hermaphrodites, are parrotfish.", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00224-00086712-00087074": "In this case males are brightly coloured to emphasize", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00225-00087074-00087507": "their dominant position within a population often fighting with other males from", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00226-00087507-00087639": "other groups", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00227-00087639-00087969": "and maintaining a pecking order within their own.", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00228-00087969-00088416": "Females, on the other hand, are often drab and camouflaged.", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00229-00088416-00088783": "However over a few weeks following the death of a male,", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00230-00088783-00089144": "the largest female of a population can rapidly change", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00231-00089144-00089526": "her colours and behaviour as well as her physiology to become", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00232-00089526-00089913": "the dominant male. Professor Peter Mumby will pick up on", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00233-00089913-00090280": "this fascinating part of biology as relates to one of the", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00234-00090280-00090693": "important herbivores of coral reefs.", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00235-00090693-00091094": "Now protandry can be found in a large number of other organisms including", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00236-00091094-00091644": "isopods and echinoderms. There are many other forms of reproduction in the ocean.", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00237-00091644-00091960": "One group, which is especially important to coastal", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00238-00091966-00092313": "ecosystems, are the marine angiosperms.", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00239-00092313-00092654": "These are flowering plants which have re-invaded", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00240-00092654-00093002": "coastal environments over evolutionary time", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00241-00093002-00093408": "and their life cycles are not too different to flowering land plants,", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00242-00093408-00093738": "complete with flowers and fruits.", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00243-00093738-00094069": "The picture here is the flower of a seagrass", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00244-00094069-00094582": "which has stringy pollen that is carried from one place to the other", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00245-00094582-00094894": "from anther to stamen by water currents", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00246-00094894-00095216": "that is there no pollinators involved.", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00247-00095216-00095619": "Mangroves also have flowers that have pollen", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00248-00095619-00096158": "and have transfer and fertilization using bird and insect pollination.", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00249-00096158-00096555": "Vivipary or live birth is also common among  mangroves,", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00250-00096555-00096907": "where fertilization and development of the juvenile plants", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00251-00096907-00097208": "occurs on the parent plant where they receive", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00252-00097208-00097685": "nutrition and nourishment. At the end of this phase of their development they drop off", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00253-00097685-00097756": "the tree", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00254-00097756-00098313": "and float a short distance before being implanted into the soft sediments", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00255-00098313-00098708": "at which point a new tree begins to grow. In this photograph,", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00256-00098708-00099030": "a number of developing individuals can be seen.", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00257-00099030-00099443": "Note that each one of these is genetically distinct from the parent,", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00258-00099443-00100143": "given that a separate fertilisation  event has occurred in each case.", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00259-00100150-00100610": "Sexual reproduction provides some advantages for situations", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00260-00100610-00100931": "in which the environment is varying in time and space", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00261-00100931-00101282": "by allowing the remixing of genes", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00262-00101282-00101762": "from different individuals populations of organisms reproduce sexually", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00263-00101762-00102100": "tend to have greater amounts a genetic variability.", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00264-00102100-00102413": "This enables populations to better track", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00265-00102413-00102854": "environmental change. As discussed there are a number of drawbacks associated", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00266-00102854-00103004": "with having to", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00267-00103004-00103344": "reproduce sexually. Having to find", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00268-00103344-00103878": "another member of your species can be difficult in some situations.", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00269-00103878-00104347": "Competing for mating opportunities can be expensive in terms of time and", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00270-00104347-00104522": "resources", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00271-00104522-00104954": "and creating a greater variety of gametes can lead to some gametes being", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00272-00104954-00105278": "unfit relative to the environment", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00273-00105278-00105722": "and this can lead to what is often referred to as", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00274-00105722-00106197": "gamete wastage. Well I've subjected you to quite a bit of important terminology", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00275-00106197-00106340": "with respect to the", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00276-00106340-00106669": "different ways that marine organisms reproduce,", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00277-00106669-00107141": "consequently it is probably time to you to check your understanding of these terms", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00278-00107141-00107459": "before we go and discuss some of the more general features", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00279-00107459-00107903": "of marine and coastal life cycles. I also want you to contemplate the", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00280-00107903-00108404": "different advantages associated with the variety of ways that marine organisms", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00281-00108404-00108586": "reproduce.", "kkx5t_Rrc_u-00282-00108586-00108882": "When you've done this begin the next part of this lecture."}}, {"audio_id": "kkROpk_zgyY", "text": {"kkROpk_zgyY-00000-00000780-00001034": "Yes, welcome to TenTen4 Kids again", "kkROpk_zgyY-00001-00001076-00001498": "This time I have different vocabulary items as you see", "kkROpk_zgyY-00002-00001610-00001778": "I have 18 vocabulary items", "kkROpk_zgyY-00003-00001818-00002216": "In order to attract my students' attention or to revise the previous lesson,", "kkROpk_zgyY-00004-00002236-00002734": "I want my students to \"cut the cards\" as a warm-up activity", "kkROpk_zgyY-00005-00002746-00002872": "They cut the cards", "kkROpk_zgyY-00006-00002884-00003338": "Then, they choose any of the cards here", "kkROpk_zgyY-00007-00003364-00003614": "Which one to choose? Let's say television", "kkROpk_zgyY-00008-00003679-00003906": "Of course, I will not see their card.", "kkROpk_zgyY-00009-00003928-00004158": "They just memorize the card they've chosen,", "kkROpk_zgyY-00010-00004190-00004484": "and they put the card at the top of the pile here", "kkROpk_zgyY-00011-00004576-00004998": "yes, now I put the television somewhere in the middle here,", "kkROpk_zgyY-00012-00005014-00005168": "and mix the cards", "kkROpk_zgyY-00013-00005331-00005516": "Yes, cut it again!", "kkROpk_zgyY-00014-00005646-00005880": "Not enough? Cut it again!", "kkROpk_zgyY-00015-00006026-00006076": "Yes", "kkROpk_zgyY-00016-00006126-00006296": "Let's mix the cards again", "kkROpk_zgyY-00017-00006384-00006659": "Now, let's see whether I will be able to find their card or not", "kkROpk_zgyY-00018-00006991-00007105": "Not this one", "kkROpk_zgyY-00019-00007196-00007315": "Not again", "kkROpk_zgyY-00020-00007513-00007709": "Can it be the one after this card?", "kkROpk_zgyY-00021-00008042-00008388": "How is this possible then? Isn't it interesting?", "kkROpk_zgyY-00022-00008462-00008785": "Shall we learn how I have found it?", "kkROpk_zgyY-00023-00008814-00009112": "Before learning it, let's try it once more", "kkROpk_zgyY-00024-00009112-00009212": "This time", "kkROpk_zgyY-00025-00009234-00009544": "Let's talk about the \"language focus\" in this card trick", "kkROpk_zgyY-00026-00009610-00009738": "Ok, we have cut the cards", "kkROpk_zgyY-00027-00009752-00009888": "Super", "kkROpk_zgyY-00028-00009915-00010152": "We've asked them to choose a card from here", "kkROpk_zgyY-00029-00010207-00010408": "Which card will they choose?", "kkROpk_zgyY-00030-00010408-00010758": "A bookcase? or a Bathtube? Ok. Let's say \"bookcase\"", "kkROpk_zgyY-00031-00010768-00011170": "They put the card they choose at the top of the pile. Ok?", "kkROpk_zgyY-00032-00011268-00011380": "Now", "kkROpk_zgyY-00033-00011494-00011594": "Yes", "kkROpk_zgyY-00034-00011630-00011832": "Let's find that card!", "kkROpk_zgyY-00035-00011896-00012246": "Television", "kkROpk_zgyY-00036-00012318-00012586": "Coffee table?", "kkROpk_zgyY-00037-00012682-00012782": "Owen?", "kkROpk_zgyY-00038-00013388-00013716": "Lamp, yes! Your card is here I think!", "kkROpk_zgyY-00039-00013822-00014076": "Yeeees! Bookcase", "kkROpk_zgyY-00040-00014193-00014449": "How is this possible?", "kkROpk_zgyY-00041-00014480-00014798": "I'm mixing the cards", "kkROpk_zgyY-00042-00014798-00014948": "I just memorize the card at the bottom of the pile", "kkROpk_zgyY-00043-00014980-00015140": "The one at the bottom, rug!", "kkROpk_zgyY-00044-00015240-00015524": "Then, I cut the cards. We know that", "kkROpk_zgyY-00045-00015524-00015626": "there is a \"rug\" at the bottom of this pile", "kkROpk_zgyY-00046-00015666-00015944": "I want them to choose a card from this pile", "kkROpk_zgyY-00047-00016001-00016101": "Bed", "kkROpk_zgyY-00048-00016151-00016297": "They put it here", "kkROpk_zgyY-00049-00016409-00016628": "Yes, \"rug\" at the bottom of the pile", "kkROpk_zgyY-00050-00016638-00016855": "is right above the card they have chosen", "kkROpk_zgyY-00051-00016855-00017125": "Now, let's mix the cards. If you are lucky,", "kkROpk_zgyY-00052-00017129-00017381": "those two cards will not get seperated from each other", "kkROpk_zgyY-00053-00017381-00017683": "Try to mix the cards in a way that you will not let them get separeted", "kkROpk_zgyY-00054-00017717-00017947": "Yes, what will happen now?", "kkROpk_zgyY-00055-00017947-00018207": "After the card \"rug\", there will come your card.", "kkROpk_zgyY-00056-00018207-00018330": "Right?", "kkROpk_zgyY-00057-00018391-00018680": "Not a refrigerator. Not a lamp", "kkROpk_zgyY-00058-00018680-00018803": "Television", "kkROpk_zgyY-00059-00018850-00019139": "Armchair, chair", "kkROpk_zgyY-00060-00019156-00019293": "Shower", "kkROpk_zgyY-00061-00019395-00019672": "Yes! Now you will see the card you've chosen", "kkROpk_zgyY-00062-00019749-00020026": "Yes! It is a bed", "kkROpk_zgyY-00063-00020026-00020261": "That's it! I hope you got the trick :)", "kkROpk_zgyY-00064-00020261-00020569": "Enjoy the trick in your lessons."}}, {"audio_id": "kl6DGIvkgMQ", "text": {"kl6DGIvkgMQ-00000-00002078-00002790": "Good day, I'm Brian Ferrill, and welcome to PACE-IT's session on types of malware.", "kl6DGIvkgMQ-00001-00002790-00003452": "Today, we're going to do a malware definition and then we're going to discuss common types of malware.", "kl6DGIvkgMQ-00002-00003452-00003907": "There's a fair amount of ground to cover, and we don't have a whole lot of time,", "kl6DGIvkgMQ-00003-00003907-00004673": "so let's go ahead and jump into today's session. Of course, I'm going to begin with malware defined.", "kl6DGIvkgMQ-00004-00004722-00005340": "Malware can be defined as any code-based attack that can be utilized against a system", "kl6DGIvkgMQ-00005-00005340-00006114": "or network. In most cases, malware has been specifically designed to perform a malicious action.", "kl6DGIvkgMQ-00006-00006130-00006725": "That is, it's been designed to cause harm. As such, it can also be defined as any", "kl6DGIvkgMQ-00007-00006725-00007427": "software that harms or misuses the system, which by the way, can include just slowing", "kl6DGIvkgMQ-00008-00007427-00008184": "the system down. That also means that a poorly written software package can also fall into", "kl6DGIvkgMQ-00009-00008184-00008846": "the definition of malware, even if harm was not the intent. Always thoroughly test any", "kl6DGIvkgMQ-00010-00008846-00009407": "software package before deploying it in a production setting. This will help to reduce", "kl6DGIvkgMQ-00011-00009407-00009987": "the chances of introducing unintentional malware into the network.", "kl6DGIvkgMQ-00012-00009987-00010648": "With the definition of malware covered, let's discuss common types of malware. We begin", "kl6DGIvkgMQ-00013-00010649-00011501": "with the virus. A virus is malware that has two jobs: to replicate and to activate, that", "kl6DGIvkgMQ-00014-00011501-00012460": "is to activate its payload. It requires a host program, a host machine, and user action to spread.", "kl6DGIvkgMQ-00015-00012460-00013163": "Viruses cannot spread on their own. Viruses only affect drives, as in hard", "kl6DGIvkgMQ-00016-00013165-00013872": "drives or USB drives. A virus often contains a destructive payload.", "kl6DGIvkgMQ-00017-00013872-00014412": "Then there are Trojans. This is malware that hides its purpose by disguising itself as", "kl6DGIvkgMQ-00018-00014412-00015112": "something that the end user desires, like a free game or a video of kittens on the Internet.", "kl6DGIvkgMQ-00019-00015112-00015773": "They're used to get the end user to download a virus package. Trojans are often the method", "kl6DGIvkgMQ-00020-00015773-00016185": "that is used to establish botnets or zombie nodes.", "kl6DGIvkgMQ-00021-00016186-00016830": "Then there is the worm; it is similar to a virus, but it replicates itself across a network", "kl6DGIvkgMQ-00022-00016831-00017480": "without user interaction. It doesn't need a host file in order to operate. Worms will", "kl6DGIvkgMQ-00023-00017480-00017877": "replicate themselves across the network, creating havoc.", "kl6DGIvkgMQ-00024-00017877-00018502": "Then we have the rootkit. Now this is a software package that gets installed on a system, giving", "kl6DGIvkgMQ-00025-00018502-00019193": "the attacker privileged access to the system. It's usually installed in the root file; that's", "kl6DGIvkgMQ-00026-00019193-00019751": "why it's called a rootkit. Most often, the attacker attempts to hide the rootkit from", "kl6DGIvkgMQ-00027-00019751-00020373": "the administrator to avoid being removed from the system. It hopes that by being installed", "kl6DGIvkgMQ-00028-00020373-00020807": "in the root, the rootkit will avoid detection. Then there are logic bombs. It's a virus that,", "kl6DGIvkgMQ-00029-00020807-00021406": "after getting installed on a system, waits for a specific event to occur before activating", "kl6DGIvkgMQ-00030-00021406-00021984": "its payload. The application carrying the logic bomb will function normally until the", "kl6DGIvkgMQ-00031-00021984-00022657": "trigger event occurs. Often, logic bombs are triggered by date and time.", "kl6DGIvkgMQ-00032-00022657-00023249": "Over the last couple of years, ransomware has become a popular type of malware.", "kl6DGIvkgMQ-00033-00023250-00023899": "It's a virus package that takes over an infected system for the purpose of extorting money", "kl6DGIvkgMQ-00034-00023899-00024573": "from the end user. Often, the virus will encrypt all the files and folders on the infected system,", "kl6DGIvkgMQ-00035-00024574-00025224": "effectively locking out the end user. The attacker extorts money from the owner", "kl6DGIvkgMQ-00036-00025224-00025686": "because the owner can't access their files and folders until they get the encryption", "kl6DGIvkgMQ-00037-00025687-00026383": "key to unlock the encrypted files. Then there are botnets; it's a collection", "kl6DGIvkgMQ-00038-00026383-00026987": "of infected systems, often called zombie nodes, under the control of the attacker.", "kl6DGIvkgMQ-00039-00026987-00027638": "The zombies are used to perform other types of attacks. The zombie controller will often rent out", "kl6DGIvkgMQ-00040-00027638-00028010": "the use of a botnet for other attackers to use.", "kl6DGIvkgMQ-00041-00028010-00028672": "Adware is also considered a type of malware; it's a software package designed to automatically", "kl6DGIvkgMQ-00042-00028673-00029276": "load advertisements on a system, usually in the form of popup windows. The goal is to", "kl6DGIvkgMQ-00043-00029276-00030020": "entice users to purchase something. The result is usually just annoyance and poor system performance.", "kl6DGIvkgMQ-00044-00030020-00030432": "Thankfully, today, adware is easy to block.", "kl6DGIvkgMQ-00045-00030432-00030920": "Then there is spyware; this is malicious code that collects information about the system", "kl6DGIvkgMQ-00046-00030920-00031620": "and may change some settings on the system. Spyware may be programmed to send the collected", "kl6DGIvkgMQ-00047-00031620-00032326": "information to an attacker at specific times. Or the spyware may be programmed to save the", "kl6DGIvkgMQ-00048-00032326-00033060": "collected information until the attacker performs another action, as in inserting a USB flash", "kl6DGIvkgMQ-00049-00033060-00033648": "drive and issuing a command. A polymorphic virus is a virus package that", "kl6DGIvkgMQ-00050-00033648-00034279": "self-mutates in order to avoid detection by antivirus applications. This allows the virus", "kl6DGIvkgMQ-00051-00034279-00034896": "to avoid signature-based malware detection, which is why you might want to use a combination", "kl6DGIvkgMQ-00052-00034896-00035354": "of signature-based and anomaly-based antivirus applications.", "kl6DGIvkgMQ-00053-00035354-00035955": "Armored viruses are a virus package that attempts to harden itself against defensive action,", "kl6DGIvkgMQ-00054-00035955-00036749": "making it difficult to be decompiled. Antivirus vendors often decompile, or take apart, viruses", "kl6DGIvkgMQ-00055-00036749-00037147": "when they're developing countermeasures for those viruses.", "kl6DGIvkgMQ-00056-00037147-00037848": "Finally, we have backdoor access. This is a type of malware that may be unintentional.", "kl6DGIvkgMQ-00057-00037848-00038382": "When creating applications, developers often create backdoors into the program.", "kl6DGIvkgMQ-00058-00038382-00039176": "Backdoors are a means of accessing an application or service, while bypassing the normal authentication process.", "kl6DGIvkgMQ-00059-00039176-00039662": "In most cases, the application is listening on a specific port for a request", "kl6DGIvkgMQ-00060-00039662-00040296": "for access. If the developer forgets to shut the backdoor, then you may have an application", "kl6DGIvkgMQ-00061-00040296-00040880": "that gets into production with a backdoor that is open. Also, there is malware out there", "kl6DGIvkgMQ-00062-00040880-00041602": "that can be used to open a backdoor into a program, a computer system, or even a network.", "kl6DGIvkgMQ-00063-00041602-00042300": "Now, that concludes this session on types of malware. I began by discussing malware", "kl6DGIvkgMQ-00064-00042300-00042902": "defined and then I concluded with a brief discussion on common types of malware.", "kl6DGIvkgMQ-00065-00042902-00043570": "On behalf of PACE-IT, thank you for watching this session. I hope you watch another one soon."}}, {"audio_id": "kmpc2PskSwu", "text": {"kmpc2PskSwu-00000-00000380-00000430": "Web.", "kmpc2PskSwu-00001-00000556-00000656": "What patterns.", "kmpc2PskSwu-00002-00000768-00000856": "How artfully", "kmpc2PskSwu-00003-00000969-00001042": "connected", "kmpc2PskSwu-00004-00001162-00001226": "that even", "kmpc2PskSwu-00005-00001364-00001460": "professional", "kmpc2PskSwu-00006-00001556-00001644": "craftswomen", "kmpc2PskSwu-00007-00001772-00001828": "cannot?"}}, {"audio_id": "kmywjQGnAkU", "text": {"kmywjQGnAkU-00000-00023370-00025429": "jika", "kmywjQGnAkU-00001-00025429-00026814": "anda", "kmywjQGnAkU-00002-00026814-00030647": "ingin indors", "kmywjQGnAkU-00003-00030647-00041427": "atau  bekerja", "kmywjQGnAkU-00004-00041427-00049209": "sama  dengan kami,anda bisa meng", "kmywjQGnAkU-00005-00049209-00137337": "hubungi +62 81392304002"}}, {"audio_id": "kmPolsuAgTA", "text": {"kmPolsuAgTA-00000-00000898-00001072": "TeachingToolTime!", "kmPolsuAgTA-00001-00001786-00002180": "Hi, and welcome to another TeachingToolTime Quickie.", "kmPolsuAgTA-00002-00002316-00002818": "This time I want to talk about a Moodle feature I found out about just a short while ago,", "kmPolsuAgTA-00003-00002848-00003186": "namely that the assignment scales are nominal scales.", "kmPolsuAgTA-00004-00003244-00003720": "Even though this is a known and documented feature, it is still - at least to me - a", "kmPolsuAgTA-00005-00003720-00004276": "bit counterintuitive in some cases, and that's why I wanted to share this - in case some", "kmPolsuAgTA-00006-00004276-00004508": "of you make the same assumption as I did.", "kmPolsuAgTA-00007-00004614-00004840": "Let's have a look at our test course here.", "kmPolsuAgTA-00008-00004906-00005244": "We have a couple of assignments already created for the course.", "kmPolsuAgTA-00009-00005244-00005542": "The first four of them are just your regular,", "kmPolsuAgTA-00010-00005566-00005838": "run-of-the-mill-assignments with nothing special to them.", "kmPolsuAgTA-00011-00005904-00006475": "If we look at the course grading, we see that each of them can be scored and in fact I have", "kmPolsuAgTA-00012-00006475-00006866": "given some scores for those assignments to our test student here already.", "kmPolsuAgTA-00013-00007009-00007542": "Now, the curious bit here is the fifth assignment that I've named the \"Yes/No Assignment\".", "kmPolsuAgTA-00014-00007542-00008239": "Other than the selected scale it uses (a pass/fail scale) it is just as the other assignments", "kmPolsuAgTA-00015-00008240-00008734": "on this course, in fact I kept all other settings to defaults.", "kmPolsuAgTA-00016-00008960-00009456": "Since all assignment scales in Moodle are nominal, they are converted to scores in a", "kmPolsuAgTA-00017-00009457-00010019": "positional manner, i.e. the first point in the scale is treated as \"a score of 1\", the", "kmPolsuAgTA-00018-00010019-00010428": "next as \"a score of 2\" and so on.", "kmPolsuAgTA-00019-00010428-00010912": "With a pass/fail scale, which has two points, the interpretation goes as", "kmPolsuAgTA-00020-00010940-00011770": "\"not graded = 0 points\", \"fail = 1 point\" and \"pass = 2 points\".", "kmPolsuAgTA-00021-00011771-00012168": "We can see this from the Course total column of the Grader report.", "kmPolsuAgTA-00022-00012168-00012697": "The results I mark for the Yes/No Assignment affect the course total as described, even", "kmPolsuAgTA-00023-00012698-00013181": "though the assumption - at least for me - was that a pass/fail assignments would just be", "kmPolsuAgTA-00024-00013181-00013576": "considered as true or false instead of converting them to points.", "kmPolsuAgTA-00025-00013752-00014234": "The problems this can cause are possibly a misleading expectation as to what grade a", "kmPolsuAgTA-00026-00014234-00014731": "student is going to get when they monitor their progress from Moodle during the course", "kmPolsuAgTA-00027-00014731-00015165": "or right after the course has finished and the official grades have not yet been submitted", "kmPolsuAgTA-00028-00015166-00015290": "to the records.", "kmPolsuAgTA-00029-00015358-00015925": "This, even though misleading and annoying and something that shouldn't happen, is not", "kmPolsuAgTA-00030-00015925-00016066": "the worst case anyway.", "kmPolsuAgTA-00031-00016126-00016718": "There exists a chance that a teacher will submit the grades or scores from Moodle directly", "kmPolsuAgTA-00032-00016718-00017368": "as official without making any checks or calculations to them, and in those cases students who might", "kmPolsuAgTA-00033-00017368-00017870": "not be passing the course with the published criteria will in fact get a passing grade", "kmPolsuAgTA-00034-00017870-00017982": "by mistake.", "kmPolsuAgTA-00035-00018147-00018724": "There exists a workaround to this using Outcomes, where instead of a scale a custom learning", "kmPolsuAgTA-00036-00018724-00019066": "outcome is used to mark the passing or failing the assignment.", "kmPolsuAgTA-00037-00019154-00019720": "This, however, is not yet enabled in our particular Moodle instance as of making of this video.", "kmPolsuAgTA-00038-00019788-00020110": "Until then, just be mindful of this feature.", "kmPolsuAgTA-00039-00020240-00020707": "Thanks for watching and enjoy using Moodle and finding previously unknown features from", "kmPolsuAgTA-00040-00020707-00020802": "it in your teaching."}}, {"audio_id": "kmY3q2-yuKQ", "text": {"kmY3q2-yuKQ-00000-00000010-00000060": "BEMIDJI STATE DROPPED A TOUGH", "kmY3q2-yuKQ-00001-00000060-00000066": "BEMIDJI STATE DROPPED A TOUGH", "kmY3q2-yuKQ-00002-00000066-00000290": "BEMIDJI STATE DROPPED A TOUGH ONE TO CROOKSTON 3 GAMES TO 2", "kmY3q2-yuKQ-00003-00000290-00000296": "BEMIDJI STATE DROPPED A TOUGH ONE TO CROOKSTON 3 GAMES TO 2", "kmY3q2-yuKQ-00004-00000296-00000530": "BEMIDJI STATE DROPPED A TOUGH ONE TO CROOKSTON 3 GAMES TO 2 THE FINAL.", "kmY3q2-yuKQ-00005-00000530-00000537": "ONE TO CROOKSTON 3 GAMES TO 2 THE FINAL.", "kmY3q2-yuKQ-00006-00000537-00001207": "ONE TO CROOKSTON 3 GAMES TO 2 THE FINAL. GIRLS TENNIS TRY TRIANGULAR AT", "kmY3q2-yuKQ-00007-00001207-00001214": "THE FINAL. GIRLS TENNIS TRY TRIANGULAR AT", "kmY3q2-yuKQ-00008-00001214-00001388": "THE FINAL. GIRLS TENNIS TRY TRIANGULAR AT BEMIDJI.", "kmY3q2-yuKQ-00009-00001388-00001394": "GIRLS TENNIS TRY TRIANGULAR AT BEMIDJI.", "kmY3q2-yuKQ-00010-00001394-00001821": "GIRLS TENNIS TRY TRIANGULAR AT BEMIDJI. TWO DOUBLES, JACKS LEXI LEITNER", "kmY3q2-yuKQ-00011-00001821-00001828": "BEMIDJI. TWO DOUBLES, JACKS LEXI LEITNER", "kmY3q2-yuKQ-00012-00001828-00002212": "BEMIDJI. TWO DOUBLES, JACKS LEXI LEITNER AND CAITLIN MCCOLUM, NICE", "kmY3q2-yuKQ-00013-00002212-00002218": "TWO DOUBLES, JACKS LEXI LEITNER AND CAITLIN MCCOLUM, NICE", "kmY3q2-yuKQ-00014-00002218-00002379": "TWO DOUBLES, JACKS LEXI LEITNER AND CAITLIN MCCOLUM, NICE CONTROL AT THE NET HERE.", "kmY3q2-yuKQ-00015-00002379-00002385": "AND CAITLIN MCCOLUM, NICE CONTROL AT THE NET HERE.", "kmY3q2-yuKQ-00016-00002385-00002609": "AND CAITLIN MCCOLUM, NICE CONTROL AT THE NET HERE. THREE SINGLES, SAVANNAH HANGEN,", "kmY3q2-yuKQ-00017-00002609-00002615": "CONTROL AT THE NET HERE. THREE SINGLES, SAVANNAH HANGEN,", "kmY3q2-yuKQ-00018-00002615-00002826": "CONTROL AT THE NET HERE. THREE SINGLES, SAVANNAH HANGEN, THE NEWCOMER, WHAT AN IMPACT", "kmY3q2-yuKQ-00019-00002826-00002832": "THREE SINGLES, SAVANNAH HANGEN, THE NEWCOMER, WHAT AN IMPACT", "kmY3q2-yuKQ-00020-00002832-00002899": "THREE SINGLES, SAVANNAH HANGEN, THE NEWCOMER, WHAT AN IMPACT SHE'S MADE.", "kmY3q2-yuKQ-00021-00002899-00002906": "THE NEWCOMER, WHAT AN IMPACT SHE'S MADE.", "kmY3q2-yuKQ-00022-00002906-00003113": "THE NEWCOMER, WHAT AN IMPACT SHE'S MADE. GREAT SHOT, ALSO WINS IN", "kmY3q2-yuKQ-00023-00003113-00003119": "SHE'S MADE. GREAT SHOT, ALSO WINS IN", "kmY3q2-yuKQ-00024-00003119-00003259": "SHE'S MADE. GREAT SHOT, ALSO WINS IN STRAIGHT SETS, 6-1, 6-2."}}, {"audio_id": "loCYgggiy-g", "text": {"loCYgggiy-g-00009-00002086-00002286": "Hello !", "loCYgggiy-g-00010-00002286-00002486": "Today I want to talk about the foundation", "loCYgggiy-g-00011-00002486-00002686": "Essence Stay All Day 16 Hours promises", "loCYgggiy-g-00012-00002686-00002886": "to be long lasting.", "loCYgggiy-g-00014-00003086-00003286": "The color I have is 10 Soft Beige and", "loCYgggiy-g-00015-00003286-00003486": "costs Euro 4,95", "loCYgggiy-g-00017-00003686-00003886": "He said to be a long-lasting foundation,", "loCYgggiy-g-00018-00003886-00004086": "and actually, even if it does not last 16", "loCYgggiy-g-00019-00004086-00004286": "hours some promises, I must say that is", "loCYgggiy-g-00020-00004286-00004486": "really long lasting.", "loCYgggiy-g-00022-00004686-00004886": "The dispenser is pressurized so you can", "loCYgggiy-g-00023-00004886-00005086": "only pick up the necessary product", "loCYgggiy-g-00024-00005086-00005286": "without going to contaminate the product", "loCYgggiy-g-00025-00005286-00005486": "inside the packaging, which I find very", "loCYgggiy-g-00026-00005486-00005686": "good.", "loCYgggiy-g-00029-00006086-00006286": "I show you now how does the foundation.", "loCYgggiy-g-00043-00008886-00009086": "The texture is creamy and the coverage is", "loCYgggiy-g-00044-00009086-00009286": "pretty high. It easily applied with a brush,", "loCYgggiy-g-00045-00009286-00009486": "sponge or your fingers and easily fades.", "loCYgggiy-g-00047-00009686-00009886": "After foundation I always apply the", "loCYgggiy-g-00048-00009886-00010086": "powder since I have combination skin,", "loCYgggiy-g-00049-00010086-00010286": "and the powder is fixed well and remains opaque for several hours.", "loCYgggiy-g-00050-00010286-00010486": "just me just a touch up at mid-day in the", "loCYgggiy-g-00051-00010486-00010686": "T zone and are back in place.", "loCYgggiy-g-00053-00010886-00011086": "Although creamy product dries well on", "loCYgggiy-g-00054-00011086-00011286": "the skin and not too glossy, and even", "loCYgggiy-g-00055-00011286-00011486": "goes to leak or move for the face, of", "loCYgggiy-g-00056-00011486-00011686": "course, always on if I apply the powder.", "loCYgggiy-g-00058-00011886-00012086": "Given my skin type I do not know how it", "loCYgggiy-g-00059-00012086-00012286": "behaves without powder but it is better", "loCYgggiy-g-00060-00012286-00012486": "not to find out.", "loCYgggiy-g-00062-00012686-00012886": "I would say that, for a long lasting", "loCYgggiy-g-00063-00012886-00013086": "foundation by the price of less than 5", "loCYgggiy-g-00064-00013086-00013286": "Euros, I liked it and if I do not find better", "loCYgggiy-g-00065-00013286-00013486": "among those I'm trying it definitely buy it", "loCYgggiy-g-00066-00013486-00013686": "again.", "loCYgggiy-g-00068-00013886-00014086": "Obviously you'll be the first to know if I", "loCYgggiy-g-00069-00014086-00014286": "find something even better.", "loCYgggiy-g-00071-00014486-00014686": "Let me know if you have tried this", "loCYgggiy-g-00072-00014686-00014886": "foundation and how you found."}}, {"audio_id": "loTa0NDmjog", "text": {"loTa0NDmjog-00000-00000000-00000639": "hi! this is kate hess from Kirkwood Community College Library. I am going to", "loTa0NDmjog-00001-00000639-00001182": "show you how to get started using Google Drive. Google Drive is a place where you", "loTa0NDmjog-00002-00001182-00002034": "can save and share documents. if you start from the google website, you can get to", "loTa0NDmjog-00003-00002034-00002801": "drive right over here. now you do want to use either Firefox or Chrome as a", "loTa0NDmjog-00004-00002801-00003586": "browser. internet explorer will not work well. it's going to ask you to log on. if", "loTa0NDmjog-00005-00003586-00004280": "you have a personal gmail account you may want to add a new account using your", "loTa0NDmjog-00006-00004280-00005225": "Kirkwood student email address, just to give you a professional address to use.", "loTa0NDmjog-00007-00006565-00007222": "okay, so this is showing me folders i have already created. to start a new", "loTa0NDmjog-00008-00007222-00007763": "document you're just going to click \"new\", and there's Google Docs. you'll see", "loTa0NDmjog-00009-00007763-00008257": "there's also spreadsheets and presentations that you can create on", "loTa0NDmjog-00010-00008257-00009460": "here. So it's creating a new document, and the menu options are going to be very", "loTa0NDmjog-00011-00009460-00010990": "similar to Microsoft Word. you can type right in here, I can copy and paste of", "loTa0NDmjog-00012-00010990-00011603": "course, I can change the formatting, all the kinds of things you're used to being", "loTa0NDmjog-00013-00011603-00012304": "able to do in Word. okay. it will automatically save all your", "loTa0NDmjog-00014-00012304-00012879": "changes right here. and then you will want to put in a title.", "loTa0NDmjog-00015-00013372-00013813": "in order to share this document with another student, with your instructor, you", "loTa0NDmjog-00016-00013813-00014409": "click on the \"share\" button. and you want you want to make sure that you enter", "loTa0NDmjog-00017-00014409-00015031": "their Google account address or their gmail address so that you give them", "loTa0NDmjog-00018-00015031-00015631": "access to your document. here it will automatically give them permission to", "loTa0NDmjog-00019-00015631-00016156": "edit, but you do have a couple options there.", "loTa0NDmjog-00020-00016156-00017665": "you can print from here. sometimes it will automatically give you the print option, sometimes it will have you select", "loTa0NDmjog-00021-00017665-00018249": "where you want to print to. it depends on the browser that you're in.", "loTa0NDmjog-00022-00018886-00019396": "the other option you have is \"download as\". Let's say that you've been working on", "loTa0NDmjog-00023-00019396-00019596": "this at home, and now you're at school and you want to look at it in Word.", "loTa0NDmjog-00024-00019596-00020798": "You can download as a Word document right there. okay. and that will open it in Word.", "loTa0NDmjog-00025-00020798-00021546": "the other thing you can do in Drive is create a new folder and share the folder.", "loTa0NDmjog-00026-00022287-00023179": "okay, so here's that folder, and right-click, and \"share\". and now since I've", "loTa0NDmjog-00027-00023179-00023707": "shared that folder, every document that I put in there is also going to be shared.", "loTa0NDmjog-00028-00023707-00024139": "so that's a quick way if you're going to be sharing with the same group or with", "loTa0NDmjog-00029-00024139-00024339": "the same instructor multiple times, that is a great way to do that.", "loTa0NDmjog-00030-00024339-00025145": "thanks for listening!"}}, {"audio_id": "l0-otbiw828", "text": {"l0-otbiw828-00000-00000803-00001518": "Good morning to everyone who joined our webinar  today. I'm Thomas Zvolenskyand I'm your host today,", "l0-otbiw828-00001-00001518-00002364": "together with mycolleague Yudong Ma  who's a Sales Manager for Asiaand Pacific region.", "l0-otbiw828-00002-00002453-00002908": "I'll share his contacts atthe end of the webinar - if you're interestedto contact him,", "l0-otbiw828-00003-00002908-00003544": "because he's our man in the fieldand  the primary support for our customers in Asia.", "l0-otbiw828-00004-00003939-00004471": "People will be still joining the webinar during the time it's running, but that's okay.", "l0-otbiw828-00005-00004557-00004984": "I would just like to bring your attentionto the  fact that you can actually type down your", "l0-otbiw828-00006-00004984-00005568": "questions already during the webinar,  and depending on what the question is -", "l0-otbiw828-00007-00005568-00005968": "we'll either answer it immediately or get to it at the end of the webinar.", "l0-otbiw828-00008-00006064-00006664": "Today we'll talk about how toincrease  throughput of wireless networks.", "l0-otbiw828-00009-00006952-00007448": "This webinar is done in collaboration with IT warehouse in Philippines,", "l0-otbiw828-00010-00007448-00008072": "and our partners have a few words for you in the beginning.", "l0-otbiw828-00011-00008296-00008904": "I'm Louise from IT warehouse enterprise here  towelcome you today to our webinar.", "l0-otbiw828-00012-00008992-00009496": "IT warehouse enterprise is basedin  Quezon City, Philippines and we've been", "l0-otbiw828-00013-00009496-00010112": "in business now for more than 10 years. We also have online stores in Shopee and Lazada,", "l0-otbiw828-00014-00010112-00010872": "which I will be linking down in the comments later. We carry a wide range of products from", "l0-otbiw828-00015-00010872-00011568": "computer peripherals to printers, and inks routers, access points, radios, and antennas.", "l0-otbiw828-00016-00011568-00012312": "We're a recognized distributor of various brands from MikroTik to Epson, and - of course - we are", "l0-otbiw828-00017-00012312-00012767": "the first Philippines dealer,  distributor ofRF elements.", "l0-otbiw828-00018-00012977-00013165": "(The volume is actually maxed out, that's all I can do for now, sorry)", "l0-otbiw828-00019-00013344-00014128": "You see a lot of other products  from other brands work, yes,", "l0-otbiw828-00020-00014128-00014880": "but RF elements products are not just effective, they just offer so much more.", "l0-otbiw828-00021-00014960-00015880": "Top-notch stability, co-location, customizability, and durability. All those words can be put into one", "l0-otbiw828-00022-00015880-00016592": "word which is - future proof. You'll learn all about this later, but I guess my point is this -", "l0-otbiw828-00023-00016728-00017375": "as business people, and as humans we have to look as far into the future as we can.", "l0-otbiw828-00024-00017395-00018064": "And right now there is a problem with noise,  withspectrum, with reliability, and all that -", "l0-otbiw828-00025-00018129-00018752": "and we know that it will only get worse. RF elements helps to prevent that.", "l0-otbiw828-00026-00018856-00019400": "So! Enjoy the webinar and I hope we'll learn something today and I hope that you find", "l0-otbiw828-00027-00019400-00020088": "the value in RF elements like we do. And if you do, please come join our Facebook group-", "l0-otbiw828-00028-00020192-00020976": "RF elements Asia. Tomas and our other friends from RF elements are already there, you can ask", "l0-otbiw828-00029-00020976-00021616": "questions or share pictures, and you might post exclusive promos there from time to time.", "l0-otbiw828-00030-00021744-00022360": "And that's it, now some words  for my fellowPhilippinos.", "l0-otbiw828-00031-00023164-00023610": "That would be all, again this isLouise  of IT warehouse enterprise. See you all.", "l0-otbiw828-00032-00023888-00024674": "All right, thank you Louise for this short intro and now we can go to the topic of the webinar.", "l0-otbiw828-00033-00025240-00025936": "The number of people that want to be connected to the internet is simply constantly growing,", "l0-otbiw828-00034-00026008-00026672": "and the average speed of internet connection requirement per each of these users is", "l0-otbiw828-00035-00026672-00027262": "actually also steadily growing all the time. So when we add these two developments together,", "l0-otbiw828-00036-00027262-00028088": "you actually get an exponential growth in demand  for internet throughput and internet connectivity.", "l0-otbiw828-00037-00028160-00029136": "This is the kind of a challenge that WISPs arefacing,  and actually also are perfectly suited to solve.", "l0-otbiw828-00038-00029411-00030000": "The number one challenge theWISP networks  are facing is that of the RF noise", "l0-otbiw828-00039-00030000-00030656": "in the unlicensed spectrum - especially of course. And the spectrograph or graphs-", "l0-otbiw828-00040-00030656-00031383": "like these you can see in the slide - are actually very common. So high to very high", "l0-otbiw828-00041-00031383-00031983": "noise floor makes the 5 GHzwireless  networks really slow, unpredictable,", "l0-otbiw828-00042-00031983-00032632": "and really making the life of a WISPs very difficult - and a lot of WISPs actually really", "l0-otbiw828-00043-00032695-00033408": "gradually give up on the unlicensed spectrum. And that's simply because the spectrum is", "l0-otbiw828-00044-00033408-00034143": "just cluttered and unusable, and notonly  actually they give up on the unlicensed spectrum,", "l0-otbiw828-00045-00034143-00034792": "but oftentimes even the business assuch  altogether. Now, since the licensed links are", "l0-otbiw828-00046-00034792-00035424": "so much more expensive, so the entry barrier  withthe licensed links is so much so big that", "l0-otbiw828-00047-00035536-00036032": "it really basically kills the whole idea from the beginning.", "l0-otbiw828-00048-00036248-00036992": "The main issue here are the antenna sidelobes,  which are almost never mentioned when", "l0-otbiw828-00049-00036992-00037730": "actually WISPs and people from this field are talking about antennas.", "l0-otbiw828-00050-00037730-00038308": "So they talk about high gain - yes, you need high gain. They talk aboutthe beamwidth - okay,", "l0-otbiw828-00051-00038328-00038722": "maybe front-to-back ratio, but no sidelobes -", "l0-otbiw828-00052-00038743-00039384": "which are the main cause of theproblems with noise and unlicensed spectrum.", "l0-otbiw828-00053-00039536-00040397": "WISPs often try to mitigate the noise problems or the sidelobes of antennas using various shields", "l0-otbiw828-00054-00040431-00041226": "and if you must use a traditionalshielding for  an antenna - and in order for it to work properly -", "l0-otbiw828-00055-00041226-00041792": "you should probablylook for a different  antenna altogether, because shields", "l0-otbiw828-00056-00041792-00042584": "like these may improve front-to-back ratio a little bit - which is great, of course. Right?", "l0-otbiw828-00057-00042584-00043576": "Well, not really. Because - except the rare case of the exact back-to-back facing antennas", "l0-otbiw828-00058-00043576-00044126": "the front-to-back ratio is practically useless parameter in terms of noise rejection", "l0-otbiw828-00059-00044126-00044868": "and the major sidelobes are really not affected by the shields or shrouds, and all that the shield", "l0-otbiw828-00060-00044868-00045496": "does is that it rearranges the sidelobes, so they point in different direction", "l0-otbiw828-00061-00045576-00046360": "than without the shield, naturally. But the shield does not really suppress the sidelobes as you can", "l0-otbiw828-00062-00046360-00047264": "see from this comparison - on the left you  havean animation of the Near field", "l0-otbiw828-00063-00047264-00047884": "radiation pattern, or the electromagnetic fields of a parabolic dish antenna without the shield,", "l0-otbiw828-00064-00047953-00048313": "and you can see there's a bunch of sidelobes pointing in all kinds of direction.", "l0-otbiw828-00065-00048376-00048952": "On the right you have the same antenna, but with the shroud around its perimeter - and you can", "l0-otbiw828-00066-00048952-00049496": "see the sidelobes are still there - okay, agreed-  the front-to-back ratio improved a little bit,", "l0-otbiw828-00067-00049496-00050019": "but the rest of the side lobes are just still there pointing in different directions -", "l0-otbiw828-00068-00050048-00050584": "somewhere stronger, somewhere weaker, nevertheless still very much present.", "l0-otbiw828-00069-00050808-00051184": "Over the years the radio vendors have developed their hardware", "l0-otbiw828-00070-00051279-00051664": "very much to improve  the noise situation through", "l0-otbiw828-00071-00051664-00052320": "GPS synchronization - for example - which ensures that the access points within your network", "l0-otbiw828-00072-00052320-00052872": "transmit and receive at the same time to prevent cell interference, or active filtering", "l0-otbiw828-00073-00052872-00053644": "which ensures that your radio does not see out of channel signals. And these improvements are", "l0-otbiw828-00074-00053672-00054424": "rather expensive and do not really deal with  the root cause of the problems with interference,", "l0-otbiw828-00075-00054424-00055032": "but rather with its consequences - which is really a wrong approach to begin with. It's like trying", "l0-otbiw828-00076-00055032-00055640": "to remove the smoke, but notdoing  anything with the fire that caused it.", "l0-otbiw828-00077-00055928-00056536": "Therefore the first component on the way to increasing the throughput of wireless", "l0-otbiw828-00078-00056536-00056955": "networks in unlicensed bands is to mitigate noise.", "l0-otbiw828-00079-00057160-00057816": "Our solution is different - it deals directly with the source of the noise, not its symptoms.", "l0-otbiw828-00080-00057872-00058664": "So prevention is much better than the cure - we all know and hear this old cliché here and there,", "l0-otbiw828-00081-00058664-00059728": "but more than anywhere else here it really makes sense and is valid. So you do not want to just suppress", "l0-otbiw828-00082-00059728-00060406": "the symptoms, but remove the cause of the problem. And RF elements technology is the prevention.", "l0-otbiw828-00083-00060451-00061224": "It provides efficient noise rejection and mitigation of lobes within their radio system itself", "l0-otbiw828-00084-00061224-00062236": "through our TwistPort connector ecosystem.  This is achieved through our horn sector", "l0-otbiw828-00085-00062236-00062699": "technology and the TwistPort ecosystem.  The horn sectors deal with the noise", "l0-otbiw828-00086-00062736-00063312": "effectively thanks to their zero sidelobes radiation pattern, and the TwistPort is an", "l0-otbiw828-00087-00063312-00063920": "interface that introduces practically zero loss to the signal delivery from the radio to the antenna.", "l0-otbiw828-00088-00064136-00064840": "The core issue of traditional Patch Array sectors are their frequencies dependent sidelobes.", "l0-otbiw828-00089-00064920-00065648": "They have the sidelobes because of the physics of the Patch Array antennas - they are an inherent", "l0-otbiw828-00090-00065648-00066334": "property of the Patch Arrays as a type of an antenna. The sidelobes you see on this radiation pattern", "l0-otbiw828-00091-00066334-00067008": "despite being substantially smaller than the main lobe, they still do decrease the SNR or", "l0-otbiw828-00092-00067008-00067656": "signal-to-noise ratio the radio is working with - which really cripples overall network throughput.", "l0-otbiw828-00093-00067960-00068576": "RF elements horn antennas do not have any sidelobes, only one main lobe that covers", "l0-otbiw828-00094-00068576-00069256": "the area you need without generating or receiving any noise through the sidelobes. And this effectively", "l0-otbiw828-00095-00069256-00069736": "isolates your network from the surrounding noise - which is the essence of dealing with", "l0-otbiw828-00096-00069736-00070448": "the noise and unlicensed WISP networks. Getting rid of the sidelobes equals getting rid of the noise.", "l0-otbiw828-00097-00070768-00071472": "All kinds of parabolic dish antennas used for point-to-point links or as a CPE antenna", "l0-otbiw828-00098-00071544-00072126": "also have significant sidelobes, thanks  to which they cover vast areas beyond", "l0-otbiw828-00099-00072126-00072816": "the main load which - again - is undesired.  And this also makes them receive the noise", "l0-otbiw828-00100-00072816-00073416": "from these areas through the sidelobes. A result of that is the same as with the Patch Array sectors -", "l0-otbiw828-00101-00073480-00074064": "poor and unstable network throughput. And again, it's just the physics of these antennas that", "l0-otbiw828-00102-00074064-00074640": "dictate it's very difficult to avoid the sidelobes altogether.", "l0-otbiw828-00103-00074944-00075529": "This is a radiation pattern of UltraHorn - a high gain and narrow beamwidth horn antenna.", "l0-otbiw828-00104-00075592-00075944": "And also UltraHorn has only one main lobe and nothing else.", "l0-otbiw828-00105-00076016-00076776": "Suppress the noise and maximize throughput. So the message here is - no sidelobes equals no problem.", "l0-otbiw828-00106-00077088-00077709": "But saying an antenna has or doesn't have sidelobes is quite vague - right - because it's very", "l0-otbiw828-00107-00077728-00078592": "qualitative judgment. So this is where beam efficiency comes to the rescue - it is a measurable", "l0-otbiw828-00108-00078592-00079288": "variable, physical variable, that quantifies sidelobes. In other words - it expresses the amount", "l0-otbiw828-00109-00079288-00079904": "of sidelobes an antenna has numerically, and because it's measurable it's also reliable.", "l0-otbiw828-00110-00080168-00080872": "Beam efficiency is a ratio of the energy contained in the main lobe to the total energy", "l0-otbiw828-00111-00080872-00081363": "an antenna radiates, so the maximum beam efficiency you can have is 100 percent.", "l0-otbiw828-00112-00081440-00082084": "That's the ideal best scenario in which case the antenna has literally zero sidelobes,", "l0-otbiw828-00113-00082084-00082512": "because 100 percent of the energy it radiates is contained in the main lobe.", "l0-otbiw828-00114-00082584-00083072": "On the contrary - the closer to zero percent beam efficiencyis,", "l0-otbiw828-00115-00083072-00083664": "the more sidelobes an antenna has -  meaning more problems for your networks.", "l0-otbiw828-00116-00084008-00084680": "Here is a radiation pattern of a generic parabolic dish antenna. Its beam efficiency", "l0-otbiw828-00117-00084680-00085240": "is 40 percent. This means that the 40 percent of the power the antenna radiates", "l0-otbiw828-00118-00085240-00085712": "goes - or signal whatever you call it- into the main lobe.", "l0-otbiw828-00119-00085800-00086344": "The remaining 60 percent is therefore in the sidelobes - because everything outside", "l0-otbiw828-00120-00086344-00087104": "the main lobe is the sidelobe. From the big ratio -  forexample - only quantifies one single sidelobe.", "l0-otbiw828-00121-00087104-00087906": "Now, beam efficiency is calculated from the full 3D data of the radiation pattern, making it", "l0-otbiw828-00122-00087906-00088586": "the most complete measure of sidelobes out there.  Itreally considers all the sidelobes an antenna has.", "l0-otbiw828-00123-00088921-00089379": "The comparison of antennas in terms of sidelobe performance", "l0-otbiw828-00124-00089379-00089864": "becomes extremely simplewhen you  use beam efficiency - the higher it is,", "l0-otbiw828-00125-00089920-00090512": "the better. That's it. Here on this example you see the UltraHorn radiation pattern - on the left -", "l0-otbiw828-00126-00090584-00091280": "with beam efficiency of 99 percent, so only one percent of the power it radiates goes into the sidelobes.", "l0-otbiw828-00127-00091336-00091800": "A generic dish antenna on the other hand- on the right side - has beam efficiency of 40 percent.", "l0-otbiw828-00128-00091800-00092544": "So the remaining 60 percent it radiates isin  the sidelobes. Clearly, 99 percent is way more", "l0-otbiw828-00129-00092544-00093238": "than 40 percent. So UltraHorn is way better antenna in terms of noise suppression. And actually -", "l0-otbiw828-00130-00093238-00093877": "to our knowledge it is the best on theWISP market in terms of noise suppression.", "l0-otbiw828-00131-00094472-00095168": "The vast majority of antennas used in  WISP network for sectoral coverage are", "l0-otbiw828-00132-00095168-00095909": "either Patch Arrays or horns, and the Patch Arrays due to all the issues we already mentioned", "l0-otbiw828-00133-00095936-00096592": "have beam efficiency somewhere around 60 percent - dependingon the manufacturer, design quality,", "l0-otbiw828-00134-00096592-00097529": "and material quality, and so on. The RF elements horns -  bothsymmetrical and asymmetrical have beam efficiency", "l0-otbiw828-00135-00097576-00098216": "between 90 and 95 percent. But you can also see other horns in this graph as well-", "l0-otbiw828-00136-00098308-00098840": "this is to highlight the fact that having a horn antenna", "l0-otbiw828-00137-00098840-00099264": "does not automaticallymean  that its beam efficiency is high.", "l0-otbiw828-00138-00099264-00099856": "And the stable and zero sidelobe performance isnot a given as soon as you have a horn.", "l0-otbiw828-00139-00099896-00100616": "But we do put a lot of effort into optimizing our antennas and the results are very clear.", "l0-otbiw828-00140-00100872-00101491": "A similar thing with the point-to-point antennas - the Patch Arrays are at the bottom", "l0-otbiw828-00141-00101491-00101920": "of the beam efficiency performancedue  to the many frequency dependent sidelobes", "l0-otbiw828-00142-00101920-00102550": "collecting and transmitting noise, hurting  anyand every WISP network out there.", "l0-otbiw828-00143-00102550-00103066": "Dishes are somewhat better and - generally - the bigger the dishbecomes, the better its", "l0-otbiw828-00144-00103066-00103824": "beam efficiency as well -if the antenna is  carefully designedand well manufactured as well.", "l0-otbiw828-00145-00103824-00104475": "What is interesting here though is the UltraHorn. It's beam efficiency is 99 percent.", "l0-otbiw828-00146-00104583-00105218": "and let that sink in for a second, because it's only one percent short of perfection.", "l0-otbiw828-00147-00105304-00106016": "If you ever wondered if UltraHorn was worth the extra cash - compared to a dish antenna", "l0-otbiw828-00148-00106016-00106696": "equivalent gain - you have a very clear answer here. With 99 percent beam efficiency it will", "l0-otbiw828-00149-00106696-00107256": "deliver high quality performance even in the worst noise conditions you can think of.", "l0-otbiw828-00150-00107640-00108343": "So let's now go a little bit to the other component of the", "l0-otbiw828-00151-00108392-00109090": "way to increase the throughput of wireless networks. This one talks about removing", "l0-otbiw828-00152-00109090-00109611": "the system loss, because bringing the signal from the radio to the antenna", "l0-otbiw828-00153-00109816-00110509": "can be done in various ways - and the most  typicalone is using pigtails.", "l0-otbiw828-00154-00110509-00111119": "By removing the coaxial cables and connectors  you achieve nearzero loss system when", "l0-otbiw828-00155-00111119-00111680": "delivering the signal to the antenna. And this is  exactly what TwistPort does, since the quality", "l0-otbiw828-00156-00111680-00112559": "of coaxial cables can vary widely. It can easily  happen thatyou save half of the power of the signal", "l0-otbiw828-00157-00112559-00113224": "by using a TwistPort ecosystem, which helps you reach those more distant customers.", "l0-otbiw828-00158-00113511-00114268": "Here is a loss comparison of typical values for coaxial cable and the waveguide TwistPort", "l0-otbiw828-00159-00114268-00114959": "is based on. The red line represents the coaxial cable and the black line represents", "l0-otbiw828-00160-00114959-00115600": "the waveguide. The x-axis - the horizontal one - shows the frequency, and the y-axis", "l0-otbiw828-00161-00115600-00116338": "- or the vertical one - is showing us the loss  in dB per 100 feet of length.", "l0-otbiw828-00162-00116414-00117063": "So, while the waveguide typically has  0.25 dB per 100 feet, coaxial cables", "l0-otbiw828-00163-00117063-00117360": "typically have 100 times bigger loss.", "l0-otbiw828-00164-00117450-00118239": "The smallest lossof the coaxial cable starts at 1 dB per 100 feet", "l0-otbiw828-00165-00118239-00118656": "which is at the frequencyof 0.1 GHz -  looking at this graph. When we compare", "l0-otbiw828-00166-00118816-00119584": "the waveguide and thecoaxial cable  at - for example those 10 GHz - it is", "l0-otbiw828-00167-00119584-00119959": "obvious that there's a huge differencein  loss between the coaxial and the waveguide,", "l0-otbiw828-00168-00119959-00120600": "which makes waveguide practically lossless. It's just when we comparing", "l0-otbiw828-00169-00120600-00121056": "very huge and a very small number -  andthe small number is practically zero.", "l0-otbiw828-00170-00121368-00121968": "The equality of antenna performance at both polarizations is also part of the", "l0-otbiw828-00171-00121968-00122548": "overall throughput performance - let's have a look how. The traditionalsector", "l0-otbiw828-00172-00122548-00122967": "coverage is differentwhen  switching between polarization.", "l0-otbiw828-00173-00123048-00123665": "And this causes problems for the customers at the edges of the sector. On top of that,", "l0-otbiw828-00174-00123704-00124344": "because of the shape of the radiation pattern the further away the customers are from the", "l0-otbiw828-00175-00124344-00125080": "center of the sector, the worse their experience actually is. And horn antennas on the other hand", "l0-otbiw828-00176-00125192-00125911": "are offer very uniform coverage in the whole sector, and - actually - the same coverage", "l0-otbiw828-00177-00125911-00126616": "area for both polarizations. So eventually, every customer in the sector experiences the same high", "l0-otbiw828-00178-00126616-00127442": "quality and stable service. Now anytime you swap from a traditional sector for horn, you see", "l0-otbiw828-00179-00127442-00128048": "the increase in throughput and you can rely on the performance it provides. Moreover.", "l0-otbiw828-00180-00128048-00128616": "It's not only the high throughput, but also the stability of the throughput that matters a lot.", "l0-otbiw828-00181-00128983-00129656": "The trade-off between the antenna gain and signal-to-noise ratio is an important one,", "l0-otbiw828-00182-00129656-00130135": "very important one. Essential to understand especially for those", "l0-otbiw828-00183-00130135-00130744": "who worry about the lower gain of horns compared to traditional sector antennas.", "l0-otbiw828-00184-00131000-00131604": "With Patch Array antenna sectors that  are most common in the WISP industry", "l0-otbiw828-00185-00131604-00132162": "you get strong sidelobes with the high  gain they provide. And because of the ever", "l0-otbiw828-00186-00132162-00132748": "present noise theperformance you can  expect is diminished by the higher noise floor", "l0-otbiw828-00187-00132748-00133368": "caused by the sidelobesthat decrease  the SNR. And this is because of the", "l0-otbiw828-00188-00133368-00133928": "physics of these antennas - with Patch Array sectors you're really at the mercy", "l0-otbiw828-00189-00133928-00134528": "of the sidelobes. And no matter how  high the gain of the antenna, you are", "l0-otbiw828-00190-00134528-00135196": "dependent on the surrounding noise conditions because of the side lobes these antennas have.", "l0-otbiw828-00191-00135504-00136160": "With horns you can easily see a huge throughput increase despite their smaller gain - compared", "l0-otbiw828-00192-00136160-00136760": "to the traditional sectors you might be replacing them with. So how is that possible?", "l0-otbiw828-00193-00136840-00137483": "As it is clear by now the 5 GHzlinks suffer  because of the background noise due to", "l0-otbiw828-00194-00137483-00137904": "the sidelobes of the antennas used - the traditional  Patch Array sector has many sidelobes.", "l0-otbiw828-00195-00137992-00138744": "If an antenna has no sidelobes - which is the case with our horns - it does not collect the noise which", "l0-otbiw828-00196-00138744-00139481": "decreases the noise floor the radio is working with. The radio cares about the signal-to-noise", "l0-otbiw828-00197-00139481-00140264": "ratio more than it does just for the signal strength alone. Which is why an antenna with lower", "l0-otbiw828-00198-00140264-00140920": "gain can provide better performance and the lag of the sidelobes lowers the noise floor, resulting", "l0-otbiw828-00199-00140920-00141696": "into higher SNR, better MCS rates, and - as a result- increased network throughput and stability.", "l0-otbiw828-00200-00142040-00142528": "Let's now look at a few use case scenarios because what I've talked about until now", "l0-otbiw828-00201-00142624-00143392": "was describing particular features and particular properties of horns that", "l0-otbiw828-00202-00143448-00144304": "do help to increase the throughput of wireless networks. So with the traditional sectors", "l0-otbiw828-00203-00144304-00144824": "your network throughput is very sensitive toits surroundings, so whether you", "l0-otbiw828-00204-00144888-00145488": "or your competitors add new sectors, your network always sees it through the sidelobes -", "l0-otbiw828-00205-00145488-00146104": "as decreased and unstable throughput. The horn antennas only cover and receive the signal from", "l0-otbiw828-00206-00146104-00146630": "where they're supposed to - and nowhere else. Because of that the sector", "l0-otbiw828-00207-00146630-00147130": "is stable and performs at the limit  of the radio possibilities.", "l0-otbiw828-00208-00147316-00147809": "Horns really let you leverage the maximum throughput to that", "l0-otbiw828-00209-00147809-00148063": "the radio allows you to push through.", "l0-otbiw828-00210-00148289-00148790": "When increasing the number of subscribers  in asector covered by a traditional", "l0-otbiw828-00211-00148790-00149344": "Patch Array antennayou experience a decline  of thethroughput with every new subscription.", "l0-otbiw828-00212-00149448-00150096": "Because the sector is wide and the antenna has strong sidelobes, the co-location of multiple", "l0-otbiw828-00213-00150096-00150816": "sectors is very difficult, naturally. With horn antennas you can divide the sectors into smaller", "l0-otbiw828-00214-00150816-00151501": "or wider portions, and because of the lack of sidelobes  each of the co-located sectors performs with", "l0-otbiw828-00215-00151568-00152126": "zero self-interference, superb stability and the throughput which results into", "l0-otbiw828-00216-00152126-00152644": "happy customer base and a headache-free  network for you as abusiness owner.", "l0-otbiw828-00217-00152885-00153412": "To sum it up - dividing a wide  and very sensitive sector into", "l0-otbiw828-00218-00153412-00153920": "more compact unitsusing horn  antennas with no sidelobes you can", "l0-otbiw828-00219-00153920-00154656": "co-locate as many sectors as you wish, while at the same time you can be sure that each of the sectors", "l0-otbiw828-00220-00154656-00155256": "works at its best - leveraging the maximum throughput the radios you use allow you to do.", "l0-otbiw828-00221-00155496-00156032": "The Patch Array sectors - with their large sidelobes - always see the closely located", "l0-otbiw828-00222-00156032-00156624": "sectors resulting into you not being able to use the neighboring channels.", "l0-otbiw828-00223-00156688-00157256": "Due to the lack of the sidelobes horns do not see the neighboring sectors, which gives", "l0-otbiw828-00224-00157256-00158081": "you the ability and the options to fully use these previously noisy and unusable channels.", "l0-otbiw828-00225-00158360-00159024": "Even in the case of the neighboring sectors pointing away from yours, the sidelobes are", "l0-otbiw828-00226-00159024-00159600": "strong enough to decrease the noise floor the radio is working with resulting into", "l0-otbiw828-00227-00159600-00160144": "lower throughputs you can achieve. Now horns can help here as well - naturally.", "l0-otbiw828-00228-00160256-00160896": "Not seeing the neighboring sectors, the noise floor is pushed down, this signal-to-noise ratio improves,", "l0-otbiw828-00229-00160896-00161456": "and you can leverage those higher modulation rates up to what the radios are capable of.", "l0-otbiw828-00230-00161720-00162344": "With the traditional sectors you don't have a lot of options in terms of the beamwidth of", "l0-otbiw828-00231-00162344-00162964": "the antenna and the sidelobes make addition  of everynew sector really a cringing experience,", "l0-otbiw828-00232-00162964-00163632": "because the network performance will gradually decrease with every new sector added.", "l0-otbiw828-00233-00163632-00164224": "The superb co-location and lack of sidelobes of horns makes the growth of your network easy and", "l0-otbiw828-00234-00164224-00165000": "pain-free. You can grow the size of your network virtually indefinitely - and this is the core", "l0-otbiw828-00235-00165000-00165568": "of the scalability and ability to grow your network throughput. To get the noise", "l0-otbiw828-00236-00165568-00166189": "under control with horns and adding new sectors becomes an extremely simple task.", "l0-otbiw828-00237-00166544-00167290": "And here are a few examples of how many horn sectors you can put up on a single tower.", "l0-otbiw828-00238-00167290-00167984": "Looks almost unbelievable, doesn't it.  With hornsthis is daily reality. Once you control", "l0-otbiw828-00239-00167984-00168712": "the amount of noise your radios see and you're working with, everything else falls into place.", "l0-otbiw828-00240-00169048-00169672": "The RF elements technology is the winning formula for unlicensed WISP networks.", "l0-otbiw828-00241-00169672-00170288": "The lack of sidelobes for horn antennas ensures  superbnoise immunity. The lack of coaxial cables", "l0-otbiw828-00242-00170288-00171063": "and interconnects ensures delivery of the maximum power to the antenna, and the toolset of", "l0-otbiw828-00243-00171063-00171661": "11 different horns with various beamwidths  and gainsenable incredible scalability.", "l0-otbiw828-00244-00171707-00172512": "So you can focus on the growth of your company instead of having to hassle all the time trying to fix", "l0-otbiw828-00245-00172512-00173568": "the links that are sub optimal. And all these benefits come at no added cost. You can easily do", "l0-otbiw828-00246-00173568-00174320": "without GPS sync if the antennas do not see each other - like horns do. And due to the", "l0-otbiw828-00247-00174320-00174904": "noise suppression you do not need to use wide channels either, or spend additional", "l0-otbiw828-00248-00174904-00175592": "extra money for non-effective fixes. Horns are a complete solution in and of itself.", "l0-otbiw828-00249-00176008-00176648": "That concludes the main topic of this webinar and there are several", "l0-otbiw828-00250-00176648-00177168": "very common questions we get day-to-day.  SoI'll answer them now before they're asked.", "l0-otbiw828-00251-00177168-00177672": "First of them is \"Where to buy our products?\" - on our webpage our rfelements.com,", "l0-otbiw828-00252-00177672-00178400": "we have a stockLocator. It's on the top menu- as you can see in the circle in the green - and", "l0-otbiw828-00253-00178400-00179000": "the StockLocator is very nice tool. Once you're there you select the product you're looking for,", "l0-otbiw828-00254-00179000-00179584": "select your region, and it will give you the list of distributors nearest to you.", "l0-otbiw828-00255-00179888-00180728": "Another very common question is \"How far do these antennas go?\" - because, obviously you need", "l0-otbiw828-00256-00180728-00181432": "to be able to plan your network. I mean - if you have the space and time to do that, of course.", "l0-otbiw828-00257-00181432-00182000": "It's always good to do your homework right. So - again - on our web page rfelements.com", "l0-otbiw828-00258-00182016-00182856": "there's a Link Calculator and you'll access it through the right hand side tab on our home page.", "l0-otbiw828-00259-00182856-00183251": "It will bring you to theLink Calculator - and this is really the best tool", "l0-otbiw828-00260-00183445-00184056": "to give you a really good predictionof how  far our antennas can go. You can select any", "l0-otbiw828-00261-00184056-00184734": "of our antennas - naturally, set up all the rest of the parameters of the link output power,", "l0-otbiw828-00262-00184734-00185408": "down tilt, frequency channel, height above the ground, you can place the antennas very precisely,", "l0-otbiw828-00263-00185440-00186376": "and then - of course - set also the parameters of the CPE, and it will give you a coverage map such", "l0-otbiw828-00264-00186376-00186960": "as this one you can see in this slide. It is actually showing you the MCS coverage", "l0-otbiw828-00265-00186960-00187870": "map, meaning that each color represents the MCS  rate that the link is capable of working at.", "l0-otbiw828-00266-00187949-00188527": "That's actually really great, because youimmediately  see what you can achieve and where.", "l0-otbiw828-00267-00188792-00189456": "We also have the rfelab.com. Besides theFacebook  community, besides the RF elements Asia", "l0-otbiw828-00268-00189456-00190192": "- which of course - you were and are still invited to join, you can also join the rfelab.com. It's a user forum", "l0-otbiw828-00269-00190192-00190688": "where many of our customers have asked a lot of questions previously about our product,", "l0-otbiw828-00270-00190688-00191424": "so it's a really good reference, because we've had it since 2000... well, I'm not even sure from which year.", "l0-otbiw828-00271-00191424-00192390": "But probably it's still the longest user forum we had. It's a very good resource for searching", "l0-otbiw828-00272-00192390-00192852": "for answers about our products oryou can  ask your own - of course, naturally - we are", "l0-otbiw828-00273-00192864-00193568": "here to help you, we're here to support you as much as we can, and really the rfelab.com is", "l0-otbiw828-00274-00193568-00194440": "the fastest venue in terms of the speed of the response you can get. So - definitely - check it out.", "l0-otbiw828-00275-00194648-00195128": "On our YouTube channel we have a playlist called WISP Traveler and these are short", "l0-otbiw828-00276-00195128-00195768": "5-6 minute videos wherecustomers  of ours - WISPs like yourselves -", "l0-otbiw828-00277-00195872-00196440": "share their experience with horns. So if you're not sure, if you're still not convinced - I get", "l0-otbiw828-00278-00196440-00197024": "it of course if it's something new - you might be skeptical, it's very natural.", "l0-otbiw828-00279-00197024-00197584": "I would do the same. That's whyI'd  encourage you to check those videos and", "l0-otbiw828-00280-00197584-00198216": "see how other WISPs have actually benefited or not from using our antennas.", "l0-otbiw828-00281-00198440-00199008": "Another playlist we have on YouTube is called Inside Wireless and these are short, much", "l0-otbiw828-00282-00199008-00199874": "shorter - like up to 3 maybe 5 minute - videos where we explain all kinds of concepts in", "l0-otbiw828-00283-00199920-00200496": "the world of RF engineering. So whether you're a seasoned WISP RF engineer, or if you're", "l0-otbiw828-00284-00200496-00200984": "just starting, it doesn't really matter. It's a really great resource to use,", "l0-otbiw828-00285-00200984-00201336": "come back to, if you need to refresh something, or maybe learn something new.", "l0-otbiw828-00286-00201544-00202224": "That concludes the webinar for today and I'm looking forward to any following webinars", "l0-otbiw828-00287-00202288-00203184": "you'll be attending to. Have a nice rest of the day and bye bye!"}}, {"audio_id": "l0_CZmZHlLI", "text": {"l0_CZmZHlLI-00000-00000626-00001222": "I address the Russians who are watching us. Interviews of your soldiers will not be shown on federal channels", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00001-00001264-00002364": "share this video among your friends and relatives, especially in Russian social networks, so that more people will know the truth about the war", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00002-00002382-00002693": "-What's your full name? -Likhachov Viktor Oleksandrovich", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00003-00002717-00003022": "-Where are you from? -Stakhanov, Luhansk region", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00004-00003052-00003435": "-Date of birth? -22.06.1994", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00005-00003468-00003689": "-Do you have a family? -Yes", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00006-00003689-00004111": "-Who? -A wife, civil marriage. 2 brothers and 2 sisters", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00007-00004165-00004305": "-No children? -No", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00008-00004335-00004724": "-How did you get here? Stakhanov is Luhansk region, right? -Yes", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00009-00004760-00005386": "-How did you get here? You're part of the so-called LPR? -You mean militarized?", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00010-00005386-00005649": "-Yes -No, I was mobilized", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00011-00005685-00005885": "-How did it happen?", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00012-00006196-00007104": "-I went home after work, I left my car and went into the store. I exited it, 2 military men approached me, checked my papers and took me", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00013-00007200-00007841": "-When did it happen? -On the 20th of April of 2022", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00014-00007895-00008638": "-What kind of troop were you? -At first Private, senior gunner/gunner", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00015-00008838-00009869": "-Where did you fight? -Popasna, Komyshuvakha, Katerinovka, Zolotarivka. The last one was near Soledar", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00016-00009932-00010066": "That's where I was captured", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00017-00010087-00010556": "-When? -On the 25th of November", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00018-00010586-00011473": "-How were you captured? -We had to get a foothold in the house, I acted as a guide and led a group", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00019-00011572-00012075": "-What group? -Group of 5 people", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00020-00012102-00012425": "-What forces did they belong to? -Motormen", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00021-00012518-00012922": "-Russians or? -No, it were people from my battalion", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00022-00012949-00013149": "-Ok, LPR, right? -Yes", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00023-00013302-00014504": "So we entered the house, there was no one. Then a few minutes later we began getting fired at from a tank, from an RPG, artillery", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00024-00014525-00015000": "We went down into the basement and soon the houses we were in began getting cleared", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00025-00015203-00015646": "We sat silently until lunch, then grenades were thrown at us", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00026-00015823-00016446": "I shot back a little, then a dialogue ensued and we gave up", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00027-00016737-00017441": "-You said you began as a Private, what rank did you end up with? -Second Lieutenant", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00028-00017471-00017740": "-It's a junior officer's depot, isn't it?  -Yes", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00029-00017740-00019301": "-It's such a fast career ladder. What were the epaulettes for? -We had battalion reform, we were a 2634 battalion, then we were made into 4th battalion", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00030-00019370-00020305": "Upon formation of the battalion, I don't know what they were getting at, maybe some personal merits or I showed myself in some way,", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00031-00020341-00020703": "and so I was promoted to Second Lieutenant, platoon commander", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00032-00020727-00020972": "-You fought well -Maybe", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00033-00021023-00021277": "-Did you fight well or not? -I don't think so", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00034-00021334-00021816": "-Did you, as they say, obliterate ukrops? -I didn't kill anyone", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00035-00021912-00022112": "-But you shot -I did", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00036-00022184-00022594": "-At least you admit it, because many say they haven't shot at all", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00037-00022924-00023882": "How much were you paid? -Well, I have officer's title, so about 230k rubles", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00038-00024068-00024247": "-Was everything paid in cash? -Yes", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00039-00024283-00024714": "-How did it happen? -We'd be driven into a specific place and get paid there", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00040-00024771-00024941": "-In cash? -Yes", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00041-00024959-00026017": "-230k is a lot of money, did everyone carry those money with them? -Some carried with them, some passed the money through senior officers", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00042-00026131-00026331": "-They trusted officers? -Yes", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00043-00026370-00026525": "-They entrusted them to pass the money there, right? -Yes", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00044-00026543-00027100": "-What happens with the money, whose carriers die? Do others take them? -I can't know that", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00045-00027151-00027351": "-Because most said they took the money from their own", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00046-00027477-00027965": "-Took the money in what sense? -For example someone died or got nullified and their money were taken", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00047-00027965-00028105": "-I never came across that", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00048-00028276-00028820": "-Before you were mobilized, what did you do? -I worked as a forwarding driver", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00049-00028916-00029230": "-Company of some kind, right? -Yes, A private entrepreneur, registered as an entrepreneur", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00050-00029251-00029586": "-What was the payment? -20k rubles", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00051-00029786-00030070": "-Did you live separately from your mom? -Yes", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00052-00030112-00030261": "-Did you rent a flat? -Yes", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00053-00030261-00030728": "-How much does it cost? -I rented a flat through acquaintances, it was 1,500 rubles", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00054-00030728-00030874": "-It's in Stakhanov, right? -Yes", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00055-00030910-00031110": "-That's very low -Yes", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00056-00031134-00031661": "-What is the average price? -4k - 5k rubles", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00057-00031733-00032272": "-What did your common-law wife do? -She works as a cashier in kid's clothes shop", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00058-00032365-00032688": "-What's her payment? -10k", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00059-00032982-00033854": "-Did you talk to her about you being mobilized? Like what to do and so on? -As in what to do next?", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00060-00033899-00035349": "-As in there's mobilization, did you talk to her about it? -We came to a mute agreement, that my place isn't there, I don't want it", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00061-00035499-00035831": "But when the time came, when I got mobilized, that was it", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00062-00035963-00036652": "-Did you think about evading it? -No, it's all punishable by imprisonment", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00063-00036679-00036879": "-What's the sentence for it? -I don't know", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00064-00036879-00037220": "-Do you know incidents where your acquaintances were jailed? -No", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00065-00037292-00037915": "-Look, why I'm asking? Everyone says it's punishable by jail, 15 or 10 years", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00066-00037984-00038571": "But no one has yet seen it happen. The same with Russians", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00067-00038607-00038753": "-I don't want to be the first", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00068-00038840-00039142": "-Who knows? Maybe you won't be the first, it's all just talks", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00069-00039166-00039771": "Because to understand, did you hear it from someone else's words or did you read up on it on the level of the law?", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00070-00039771-00040000": "-I heard it from words -From words. You understand?", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00071-00040051-00040511": "-If you look at it from another side, yes, it's rumors -It is just rumors", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00072-00040559-00041065": "-We, people, have gotten used to believing rumors, even though it's sometimes fake", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00073-00041332-00041703": "-Maybe there's nothing to it after all -You come across many rumors in life", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00074-00041832-00042320": "-In Stakhanov? -In general", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00075-00042593-00043522": "-Did you support the so-called referendum in 2014? -I didn't vote, but in December of 2014 I recruited into the forces", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00076-00043564-00043848": "-Forces of what? -LPR", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00077-00044028-00044378": "-With what goal? -Money", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00078-00044447-00044647": "-So money were the motive -Yes", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00079-00044647-00044847": "-How much were you paid there? -15k rubles", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00080-00044895-00045415": "-That's not a lot of money -At that moment I had to live on something", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00081-00045508-00046425": "-You had no job at all? -Practically, no. I had just graduated from training school", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00082-00046470-00046835": "Job experience was required, because without experience no one would take you", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00083-00046955-00047701": "-What did you finish? -College-agrofirm, Vehicle Locksmith, driver", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00084-00047737-00047937": "-How long were you there for? -3 years", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00085-00048033-00048428": "-Where did you fight? -You mean in LPR?", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00086-00048461-00049030": "-Since December of 2014 -Mainly Slovianoserbsk district. We had specific positions", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00087-00049141-00049377": "There was a polygon and those positions", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00088-00049422-00049853": "There was Debaltsevo, well, not literally Debaltsevo, Chornukhyne district", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00089-00049877-00050149": "-There were big battles in Debaltsevo -Yes", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00090-00050299-00051599": "-What do you think of the whole situation in 2014? -What can I think? It's all politics. We are not allowed to think anything", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00091-00051755-00052123": "-Explain to me \"It's all politics\" -Higher management", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00092-00052387-00052512": "I can only say that", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00093-00052911-00053483": "-What's your status right now? -Prisoner of war", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00094-00053618-00054121": "-As a prisoner of war you're already part of the policy -I don't think so", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00095-00054121-00054363": "-Why? -I don't have freedom of speech", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00096-00054545-00054952": "-But you're speaking freely right now -Well, it's an interview", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00097-00055000-00055664": "-Yes, a free interview. Then what do you mean by freedom of speech? -You can compromise yourself with each word", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00098-00055823-00056419": "-What do you mean? -For example I say something bad about Russia, after I get exchanged", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00099-00056419-00056559": "I can get jailed there", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00100-00056610-00057254": "If I say something bad about Ukraine, I might not be let out of here", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00101-00057284-00057880": "-Look, you think something bad of Ukraine? That doesn't influence anything", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00102-00058080-00058400": "-Specifically about Ukraine? I don't think anything bad of her", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00103-00058535-00059107": "-Then why do you say that if you say something bad about Ukraine you won't be let out of here?", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00104-00059260-00060143": "-Like I said, IF I could say something, you don't need to think something bad to compromise yourself", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00105-00060164-00060364": "-But it's all beating around the bush -Probably so.", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00106-00060401-00061278": "Beating around the bush. In Russia, yes, I'm sure. If you say something carelessly, a sledgehammer might be waiting for you.", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00107-00061302-00061613": "-But I'm not part of the Wagner group. -Who knows?", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00108-00061670-00062113": "People go to Russia, and they're fine. No one disappears.", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00109-00062219-00062503": "-I'm not saying that... -This is also a rumor", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00110-00062545-00063366": "Yes, the rumors. But they made a video. And video is already proof. There was a video with Nuzhin", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00111-00063532-00063933": "-Who? -Nuzhin. This is the mercenary of the Wagner group. And the sledgehammer", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00112-00063956-00064237": "Personally, I haven't seen him.", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00113-00064263-00065225": "That's not what we're talking about. It's just that what you say about Ukrina is negligible", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00114-00065292-00065971": "-You enlisted in an armed formation for money in 2014, right? -Yes, I wasn't a patriot.", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00115-00066063-00066493": "How can you be patriotic if you don't even know what it is?", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00116-00066557-00067179": "-What are your passports? -I had a Ukrainian and an LPR passport. The Ukrainian one is stitched", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00117-00067276-00068064": "-What nationality do you feel like? -LPR", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00118-00068100-00068474": "-Explain what it is. -It's a republic.", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00119-00068512-00069060": "No, a republic is different. Explain to me what kind of nation is the LPR?", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00120-00069188-00069823": "Lugansk People's Republic. Who are they? Lugansk people. Donbass.", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00121-00070000-00071123": "Okay. I can tell you who the Ukrainians are. How this nation was born, what state formations were", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00122-00071123-00071515": "But what is the culture in the LPR? Who is it?", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00123-00071591-00072430": "LPRculture? Well, at the initial stage culture does not appear immediately. And in general, it's closer to Russia.", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00124-00072515-00073039": "Потому что там больше людей говорят на русском", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00125-00073256-00074344": "For example, if a foreigner asks you how you would describe an LNR person. How would you explain to him who it is?", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00126-00074460-00074693": "I'd say: look at a Russian, you'll see an LNR person.", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00127-00074693-00074941": "-Is this the same thing? -Practically, yes.", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00128-00074942-00075807": "What is the difference? If it's the same thing, why hasn't Russia taken over the LPR and DPR?", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00129-00075847-00076188": "Well, there was a referendum, it took it over, sort of", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00130-00076188-00076565": "-When? -In September, if I'm not mistaken.", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00131-00076565-00077056": "September 2022. Why didn't it happen from '14 to '22?", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00132-00077056-00077724": "Well, that can only be explained by some kind of political influence", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00133-00077737-00078213": "-How? -Well, not to take it out of hand", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00134-00078213-00078629": "-How so? It recognized them, didn't it? -It recognized them as separate people's republics", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00135-00078629-00079204": "-Russia helped in this action in eastern Ukraine in '14? -No, I haven't dealt with it.", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00136-00079320-00079664": "Maybe it helped with technique. But again, that's a rumor.", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00137-00079752-00080258": "-Where did the money come from in that case? -Yes, there was money. Russian funding", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00138-00080340-00080876": "But that's what I think, it's a rumor. Perhaps the money was from the republic", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00139-00080914-00081296": "-Where did the republic get so many rubles? -Factories...", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00140-00081325-00082179": "-What factories worked there? -Alchevsk Metallurgical Plant. I don't know about the others", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00141-00082222-00082563": "-Russia was helping with weapons? -Possibly", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00142-00082596-00083168": "-But you were at the front. Were there Russians at Debaltsevo? -No, I didn't see them there.", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00143-00083318-00083779": "-You weren't there and so you didn't see it, or were you there and didn't see it? -Second... The first option", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00144-00083876-00084499": "-You weren't there, so you didn't see it? -I've been there, but I haven't seen any Russians. I didn't run into them.", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00145-00084615-00085031": "-But there were rumors about Russians? -Of course. There are rumors everywhere.", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00146-00085400-00086109": "-How to end the war? -How to end it? I think we have to come to a certain agreement", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00147-00086130-00086369": "-What agreement? -I don't know.", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00148-00086369-00086641": "Should Ukraine give up territory or take it back?", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00149-00086941-00087495": "My opinion is that it's better to give it up. Because if we continue, there will be more bloodshed", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00150-00087629-00088542": "Ukraine could hold its own referendum. Send their representatives and hold a truthful vote", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00151-00088599-00089198": "Rumor has it that they used to make people... To hold their own truthful referendum", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00152-00089226-00089693": "-How can we hold a referendum if the Russian military is there?-We have to negotiate with them.", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00153-00089718-00090179": "-How? -There's always an agreement.", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00154-00090179-00090694": "-And with the Russians it's very difficult to do that. I will explain historically why -Why?", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00155-00090694-00091044": "-See. In '14 Russia annexed Crimea? -Yes", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00156-00091063-00091476": "Ukraine has come to terms with it. Although it is part of Ukraine", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00157-00091511-00092295": "Did Russia help set Donbass on fire financially, with weapons and volunteers? Donetsk and Lugansk. True?", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00158-00092387-00092470": "Perhaps...", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00159-00092471-00092835": "And by the 22nd year, things were already quieting down, right?", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00160-00093013-00093213": "There were almost no deaths...", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00161-00093213-00093821": "You said that Russia helped to set Donbass on fire with weapons. But you can also say it from the other side", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00162-00093891-00094844": "-Come on -They have come, as the rumors say. War has come to Donbass", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00163-00094931-00095632": "If only... Russia didn't invade there. I didn't see any Russian troops", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00164-00095744-00096430": "And the AFU came at once with artillery, tanks, BMPs", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00165-00096449-00096823": "What's that supposed to mean? Are they attacking their own people?", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00166-00097059-00097658": "Russia helped us later... You could call it humanitarian aid", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00167-00097717-00098094": "-For what? -To save people", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00168-00098109-00098684": "-Save from what? -I told you: there were columns of Ukrainian soldiers. Artillery", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00169-00098727-00099000": "-Who started the shelling? -I don't know that.", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00170-00099000-00099290": "-And I'll tell you. -How do you know?", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00171-00099290-00099745": "-It has already been proven by satellite images -Who proved it?", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00172-00099745-00100407": "-And I was there -Who proved it? Each side says it is right. You know that.", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00173-00100657-00100956": "There is no truth. History is written by the victors", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00174-00100956-00101447": "-But you believe the Russian media, don't you? -I don't believe all the news.", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00175-00101447-00102019": "Let's continue the conversation you started", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00176-00102090-00102767": "There was a border. And from under the border Russia was firing \"Grads\"", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00177-00102870-00103540": "I'm just telling you. There have been a lot of investigations. Satellite photos, maps, etc.", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00178-00103540-00104094": "They were firing. Now explain to me...", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00179-00104291-00104794": "Is it possible to shoot at Finland like that too? Russia has a border with Finland", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00180-00104836-00105459": "And the Finns were supposed to watch that too and do nothing? Not send troops there?", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00181-00105542-00105661": "I can't answer...", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00182-00105661-00106419": "I have a question for you. Ukraine went to defend its borders. Isn't that normal?", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00183-00106419-00106961": "Is that what you call it now? Is that the pretext for sending columns of troops?", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00184-00107097-00107461": "Yes. That's not what it's called. That's what it was.", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00185-00107532-00107984": "Is the bombing of residential buildings by aircraft also a defense of borders?", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00186-00108000-00108200": "-What aircraft ? -There was aircraft", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00187-00108276-00108746": "-Where? -I heard it. I saw rockets flying. Point U. On Lugansk. Stakhanov was hit", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00188-00108805-00109107": "-Was there aviation? Tell me what kind? -Military aircraft", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00189-00109107-00109379": "-Which one? -I don't know about them.", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00190-00109380-00109828": "-Where was the air strike? -Fighter. In Lugansk. Nine-story buildings", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00191-00109934-00110251": "-Were you there? -I've seen the consequences", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00192-00110355-00110926": "Many eyewitnesses, friends. These, too, are rumors. But they are verified.", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00193-00111000-00111173": "I have seen the consequences.", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00194-00111173-00111793": "All based on video, based on rumors gathered from video", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00195-00111853-00112053": "Rumors about who and where struck", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00196-00112053-00112484": "But now all the information is also collected from video", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00197-00112502-00113248": "But look... Explain to me why the Ukrainian military would hit its own civilians. Where is the logic here?", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00198-00113248-00113448": "I'm not looking for common sense here.", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00199-00113448-00114000": "-Just explain... -Because I can't explain it myself, I don't understand it. These are the higher circles...", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00200-00114000-00114685": "I ask you. Even if I accept your argument, why would the Ukrainian military fire on Ukrainians?", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00201-00114742-00115245": "I tell you again: I find it difficult to answer this question because I do not know it", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00202-00115257-00115670": "If I were any kind of politician, maybe I would know.", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00203-00115670-00116290": "Now I have a question for you as a junior officer representative", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00204-00116374-00116574": "The so-called...", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00205-00116950-00117204": "LPR, who fought together with the Russians", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00206-00117266-00117790": "What is Russia fighting for, and you fought with it? Explain it to me.", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00207-00117856-00118466": "We wanted, as I understand it, there was a general plan to cleanse the Donetsk and Lugansk republics", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00208-00118594-00119205": "That is not to say to cleanse, but to reach our borders of '91", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00209-00119220-00119731": "-Good. Do you understand geography a little?  -Not very well.", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00210-00119732-00120028": "-But you know where the Crimea is? -Yes", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00211-00120028-00120674": "How did they want to clear this territory by invading the Kherson region, Kiev region, Chernigov region, Sumy region, and so on?", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00212-00120688-00120960": "How did they want to reach the borders of Donetsk and Luhansk regions?", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00213-00120960-00121505": "I attribute this to the fact that they wanted to overthrow the Ukrainian government. But this is only a version", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00214-00121525-00121875": "-Stop, stop... What's your name again?  -Victor.", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00215-00121898-00122308": "Victor, let's not jump from one thing to another", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00216-00122350-00123171": "Did Russia, using men and likes of you, want to reach Luhansk and Donetsk borders or overthrow the government? It's 2 different things", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00217-00123225-00124124": "-First is they fought on two fronts, right? We repelled this and you entered there", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00218-00124223-00124522": "To avoid the risk they make encirclements", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00219-00124816-00125660": "-Stop, borders of Donetsk and Luhansk... -Putin said he wanted to denazify Ukraine, I don't know what that is", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00220-00125807-00126223": "Then he said that we won't be occupying foreign lands and alike", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00221-00126247-00126915": "-So Viktor, explain to me, what does it mean to denazify? -Denazification", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00222-00126915-00127649": "-Explain to me what it means -I understand that it's Nazis and all that", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00223-00127649-00127927": "-Are there Nazis here? -I haven't seen any", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00224-00128041-00128313": "-So Vladimir Vladimirovich f*cked up or what?", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00225-00128457-00129000": "-If I specifically didn't come across... -I'm asking, did Vladimir Vladimirovich f*ck up with his statement?", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00226-00129015-00129454": "-I don't know what he f*cked up there, I don't think so -Who the f*ck knows? Maybe Shoigu f*cked up?", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00227-00129661-00129747": "-Maybe", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00228-00129831-00130175": "-Or maybe he f*cked Prigozhin, excuse me -It's all politics", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00229-00130214-00130591": "-So if there are no Nazis, then Vladimir Vladimirovich f*cked up", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00230-00130714-00131250": "-If I didn't see them, does that mean others didn't see them as well? -Who the f*ck knows? So that means Vladimir Vladimirovich did f*ck up?", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00231-00131250-00131669": "No one here saw Nazis. Looks like Putin is a f*cking moron then?", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00232-00131840-00132475": "If he claims that, but no one sees Nazis here, then he is a f*cking moron -i don't know. I don't think he's a moron", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00233-00132475-00132591": "-You don't? -No", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00234-00132729-00132929": "-Are you afraid? -Of what?", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00235-00132971-00133528": "-What do you consider him to be? -Man of Representation, President", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00236-00133573-00133919": "-Of what? -Of Russia", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00237-00134087-00134359": "-There are no Nazis -I haven't seen them", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00238-00134434-00134910": "-You think Vladimir Vladimirovich saw them? -There's reconnaissance, I don't know what he based that off", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00239-00134934-00135338": "It's hard for me to talk about it. I don't talk to him. I don't smoke cigarettes with him", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00240-00136046-00136123": "-That's funny", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00241-00136273-00136563": "-Yeah, the mood is good", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00242-00136650-00136808": "-Whose mood is good? -Mine", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00243-00136889-00137110": "-You remained alive -Yes, I agree", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00244-00137212-00137748": "-Otherwise, you could've died for a non-existing idea -I didn't fight for ideas", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00245-00138021-00138140": "I'm not an ideologue", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00246-00138611-00139296": "-But you could've died for a policy, whilst not being a part of it -A car could've ran me over as I crossed the road", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00247-00139590-00139715": "I could've sat home and something could...", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00248-00139715-00140257": "-Let's go back to the question. So they advanced towards Kyiv through Luhansk and Donetsk borders, right?", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00249-00140338-00140538": "-Maybe -Maybe, yeah?", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00250-00140688-00141326": "-I don't know what strategies they had. How can I know? Junior officer who has no education", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00251-00141326-00141820": "-Even you find it funny -Yes, I have a good mood", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00252-00142207-00143216": "-Why did Ukrainian government had to be overthrown? -I think so that there'd be no future threats, because Ukrainian government", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00253-00143393-00144511": "wouldn't agree on what we're repelling on reclaimed territories, the same with Crimea", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00254-00144577-00145119": "They didn't agree with it, that it's their territories, not their's", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00255-00145623-00146201": "-You're all such geopolitics there, holy f*ck", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00256-00146237-00146700": "-I don't think so. I was never interested in politics", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00257-00146772-00147050": "-\"I think Crimea was repelled there or not\"", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00258-00147125-00147265": "Wanna say anything to Ukrainians?", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00259-00147397-00147615": "-No, I have nothing to tell them", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00260-00147642-00147938": "-What about Russians? -Nothing either", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00261-00148049-00148168": "Don't forget about us", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00262-00148384-00148584": "-Are you telling that to Russians? -Yes", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00263-00148911-00149267": "-Do you want to be exchanged? -Of course, everyone wants to", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00264-00149297-00149464": "There's not a single one who wouldn't want to be exchanged", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00265-00149464-00149721": "-Would you come back to fight? -No", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00266-00149739-00149963": "-What if they force you? -They won't", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00267-00150020-00150832": "-Imagine Putin thinks of more bullcrap about denazification, will you believe him? -I wouldn't believe in that and I don't believe in this right now", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00268-00150832-00151428": "-What do you mean? You said... -I said that's how it was stated, I didn't say I believe in it", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00269-00151641-00152120": "-You didn't believe, but you were drafted and sent, it'll happen again -What was I supposed to do? Run?", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00270-00152342-00152683": "The laws there are the same as here -What do you mean?", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00271-00152683-00153266": "-In a physical sense, if you think of it from the 3rd person, not from Ukraine's view nor Russia's", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00272-00153266-00153703": "There's police, there are firefighters -And?", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00273-00153733-00153933": "-I would've been jailed as here, for example", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00274-00154038-00155057": "-What do you mean? People go and fight to defend their country. You explain to me what Russians are fighting for. They whine here that they were mobilized", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00275-00155057-00155290": "-I can't speak for all", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00276-00155290-00156123": "-What are you on about? Why can Ukrainians explain why they're being mobilized, mobilization in Ukraine is still going, for the defense of the country and it's people", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00277-00156323-00156859": "Explain to me what Russians fight for. They sit on chairs and whine here -I don't know", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00278-00156874-00157173": "-You whine here as well about being mobilized. Explain for what", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00279-00157194-00157712": "You tell me that they advanced through Kyiv to reach the borders of Donetsk and Luhansk", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00280-00157712-00157975": "-It's my assumption -Vitya, it's all f*cking bullsh*t", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00281-00158080-00158175": "-Anything's possible", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00282-00158205-00159337": "-All of you here sit like sheep, roughly speaking, defend Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00283-00159403-00159588": "-I don't defend him -You do", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00284-00159624-00160049": "-How? -You say he's a representative, that he couldn't f*ck up and so on", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00285-00160217-00160390": "-What am I supposed to say about him? -I'm not forcing you to say anything", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00286-00160390-00160650": "-I'm in the middle position -Which position? This?", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00287-00160713-00160913": "-No -That's a middle position", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00288-00161245-00161946": "You should've shown this middle position when you were being drafted from a bus stop or whatever", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00289-00162000-00162275": "-Anything's possible -You don't agree with me?", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00290-00162359-00163470": "-Perhaps, maybe I should've been stubborn. But what would be the point of it is unknown. Maybe I'd get jailed for evasion, maybe not", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00291-00163578-00164063": "-That's all -Maybe, or maybe I wouldn't get jailed, who knows. I didn't risk it", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00292-00164126-00164455": "-Maybe you'll get exchanged or maybe not -I agree", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00293-00164533-00165072": "-Or maybe the next time you go we won't talk, but you'll be in a black bag and that's all -Anything's possible", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00294-00165195-00165305": "Then it just won't matter", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00295-00165305-00165661": "-But you're ready for it? -We all are, one way or another", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00296-00165871-00166308": "-Ready to die? -How can you not be ready for it?", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00297-00166458-00167128": "-I don't know. I think Ukrainians defend their lands and hope to remain alive -Formally, yes", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00298-00167146-00167754": "-But on your side everyone is ready to die. For what? No one can even explain for what", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00299-00167901-00168101": "-That's what our life is like nowadays", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00300-00168206-00168508": "-LPR life, right? -No, I think it involves everyone", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00301-00168553-00168753": "-Who is everyone? -People", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00302-00169548-00169607": "-Which people?", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00303-00169847-00170146": "-From flesh and bone, everyone -And blood, they say", "l0_CZmZHlLI-00304-00170466-00170720": "-I'm speaking in general, I don't mean any nation"}}, {"audio_id": "l0Eg1Rywkmu", "text": {"l0Eg1Rywkmu-00000-00000563-00000755": "Hello! My name is Vusi.", "l0Eg1Rywkmu-00001-00000787-00000935": "I am Thina.", "l0Eg1Rywkmu-00002-00000988-00001456": "We will be taking you through some of the steps to use the Funda Wande App.", "l0Eg1Rywkmu-00003-00001475-00002216": "Thina will help us ask the right questions as we are working on these steps.", "l0Eg1Rywkmu-00004-00002248-00002428": "But before we do that,", "l0Eg1Rywkmu-00005-00002428-00002483": "she will take us through some of the basic things we need to know", "l0Eg1Rywkmu-00006-00002483-00003411": "about our computers to help us understand the App better.", "l0Eg1Rywkmu-00007-00003452-00003700": "Thina. Tell me, how do I do this?", "l0Eg1Rywkmu-00008-00003788-00003920": "Okay, listen", "l0Eg1Rywkmu-00009-00003992-00004371": "I switch my computer on and log in, right?", "l0Eg1Rywkmu-00010-00004428-00004947": "After logging in, I must make sure that I am connected to the internet.", "l0Eg1Rywkmu-00011-00004992-00005532": "I must use my RAIN sim card to connect to the internet.", "l0Eg1Rywkmu-00012-00005552-00005628": "Okay.", "l0Eg1Rywkmu-00013-00005628-00005867": "If I struggle to do all this", "l0Eg1Rywkmu-00014-00005915-00006456": "I will ask my instructor to assist me setup my computer.", "l0Eg1Rywkmu-00015-00006500-00006712": "So I can connect to the internet.", "l0Eg1Rywkmu-00016-00006743-00006868": "Okay, okay!", "l0Eg1Rywkmu-00017-00006868-00007531": "Let's say I am already connected to the internet. How do I get to the Funda Wande App?", "l0Eg1Rywkmu-00018-00007587-00007956": "Now that you are already connected to the internet. You catch up easy!", "l0Eg1Rywkmu-00019-00008120-00008492": "We ask that people open up their internet browser.", "l0Eg1Rywkmu-00020-00008564-00008995": "We recommend that people use Google Chrome.", "l0Eg1Rywkmu-00021-00009031-00010023": "Google Chrome makes it easy for people to access the Funda Wande App.", "l0Eg1Rywkmu-00022-00010043-00010323": "I understand you now. It seems clear to me.", "l0Eg1Rywkmu-00023-00010356-00011123": "Now that Thina has explained some of the things that we must know about our computers in order to access the Funda Wande App.", "l0Eg1Rywkmu-00024-00011123-00011579": "Let us jump into the App and learn more about it.", "l0Eg1Rywkmu-00025-00011751-00012020": "Now that we have opened our browser.", "l0Eg1Rywkmu-00026-00012087-00012595": "Insert the following link on the top search bar", "l0Eg1Rywkmu-00027-00012679-00012843": "and press 'Enter'.", "l0Eg1Rywkmu-00028-00013036-00013512": "This will land you on the Funda Wande App log in page.", "l0Eg1Rywkmu-00029-00013687-00014256": "On this page, you will be required to fill in two sections.", "l0Eg1Rywkmu-00030-00014256-00014591": "The 'ID number' and 'Password' sections.", "l0Eg1Rywkmu-00031-00014687-00015063": "Insert your Identity number on the 'ID number' section.", "l0Eg1Rywkmu-00032-00015124-00015531": "Use the same Identity number as your password.", "l0Eg1Rywkmu-00033-00015631-00015963": "Click on 'Log in'.", "l0Eg1Rywkmu-00034-00016063-00016812": "If I am hearing you correctly, you are saying that I must use the Identity number on my Identity book/card?", "l0Eg1Rywkmu-00035-00016852-00017387": "Exactly! The 13 digit one. That's the one to use on the App.", "l0Eg1Rywkmu-00036-00017463-00017724": "After you've filled it in, click on 'Log In'.", "l0Eg1Rywkmu-00037-00017759-00017843": "Let's move on.", "l0Eg1Rywkmu-00038-00017843-00017956": "Mhmm", "l0Eg1Rywkmu-00039-00018024-00018512": "After you have clicked on 'Log In' on your App log in page home page.", "l0Eg1Rywkmu-00040-00018628-00018971": "You will land on the 'Language Preference' page.", "l0Eg1Rywkmu-00041-00019096-00019296": "Choose a language.", "l0Eg1Rywkmu-00042-00019324-00019615": "After choosing a language", "l0Eg1Rywkmu-00043-00019715-00019984": "Press 'Continue' to proceed.", "l0Eg1Rywkmu-00044-00020059-00020436": "You will then land on the 'Terms and Conditions' page.", "l0Eg1Rywkmu-00045-00020487-00020940": "Click on the little box to agree to the Terms and Conditions.", "l0Eg1Rywkmu-00046-00020991-00021228": "Click on 'Continue' to proceed.", "l0Eg1Rywkmu-00047-00021284-00021656": "After clicking on 'Continue'", "l0Eg1Rywkmu-00048-00021656-00021984": "This means that we've successfully logged onto the App.", "l0Eg1Rywkmu-00049-00022012-00022328": "And we are on the Funda Wande App Homepage", "l0Eg1Rywkmu-00050-00022387-00022575": "title 'My Courses.'", "l0Eg1Rywkmu-00051-00022875-00023268": "Funda Wande App home page has different courses.", "l0Eg1Rywkmu-00052-00023336-00024300": "To choose a course, press the yellow 'start course' on your chosen course box.", "l0Eg1Rywkmu-00053-00024380-00025352": "After you have selected a course you'll find different modules within the course.", "l0Eg1Rywkmu-00054-00025396-00025812": "Let's begin with the first module. The introduction module.", "l0Eg1Rywkmu-00055-00025907-00026207": "Remember that each module has its own arrow.", "l0Eg1Rywkmu-00056-00026304-00026612": "Press the arrow of the module that you have chosen.", "l0Eg1Rywkmu-00057-00026680-00027112": "Let's choose module 0, the introduction module.", "l0Eg1Rywkmu-00058-00027260-00027660": "This module consists of one unit and three lessons.", "l0Eg1Rywkmu-00059-00027772-00028019": "Let's begin with the first lesson.", "l0Eg1Rywkmu-00060-00028139-00028904": "Now that we are on the lesson, take some time to go through the lesson at your own pace.", "l0Eg1Rywkmu-00061-00029080-00029339": "To play a video, press play.", "l0Eg1Rywkmu-00062-00029424-00029812": "To view PDF click on 'click to view PDF.'", "l0Eg1Rywkmu-00063-00029927-00030792": "Use your mouse or keyboard to scroll up and down your lesson.", "l0Eg1Rywkmu-00064-00030880-00031480": "Read the instructions on this lesson to better understand  the Funda Wande App.", "l0Eg1Rywkmu-00065-00031595-00032187": "At the bottom of the lesson, you will find 'Continue'.", "l0Eg1Rywkmu-00066-00032187-00032616": "Press 'Continue' to proceed to the next lesson.", "l0Eg1Rywkmu-00067-00032616-00033516": "Wait, wait Vusi! Am I able to go back  and fix stuff that I missed on previous lessons?", "l0Eg1Rywkmu-00068-00033516-00034292": "Absolutely easy! That is one of the nicest things about this course. You are able to go back and forth to lessons that you have already completed.", "l0Eg1Rywkmu-00069-00034343-00035172": "Let's say you forgot to download a certain PDF. Just click on this arrow to navigate to the lesson you want.", "l0Eg1Rywkmu-00070-00035212-00035592": "You will be able to choose your lesson and download your PDF.", "l0Eg1Rywkmu-00071-00035592-00035704": "Can we carry on?", "l0Eg1Rywkmu-00072-00035704-00035831": "Yes, let's move on.", "l0Eg1Rywkmu-00073-00035831-00036448": "Now that you know some basics about this App,  let's look at more examples.", "l0Eg1Rywkmu-00074-00037807-00038372": "Press the download symbol to download videos and Images.", "l0Eg1Rywkmu-00075-00038419-00039468": "To download a PDF, click on 'click to view PDF' and  then click on the download button at top-right corner of your PDF,", "l0Eg1Rywkmu-00076-00039468-00040116": "This will provide you with the option of where to save your PDF.", "l0Eg1Rywkmu-00077-00040195-00041036": "To go back to the App, find the tab with the Funda Wande logo and click on it.", "l0Eg1Rywkmu-00078-00041087-00041883": "Okay, Vusi. What if I don't want to save this file on downloads? Is there another place I could save it?", "l0Eg1Rywkmu-00079-00041883-00042927": "Yes, you can save it wherever you want. Some people like to save it on the documents folder or on their desktops. It all depends on you.", "l0Eg1Rywkmu-00080-00042960-00043107": "- Should we continue? - Yes.", "l0Eg1Rywkmu-00081-00043160-00044083": "This app has a variety of exercises. These are drag and drop questions, multiple choice,", "l0Eg1Rywkmu-00082-00044224-00044787": "true/false, fill in the gap and multi-line questions.", "l0Eg1Rywkmu-00083-00044787-00046192": "Be sure to complete these tasks by always clicking the 'Submit' button and 'Continue' to progress.", "l0Eg1Rywkmu-00084-00046243-00047280": "We have reached the end of this lesson. I hope that teachers learned a lot from these steps. All of you are now experts!", "l0Eg1Rywkmu-00085-00047280-00048036": "Remember to contact our facilitators if you need more explanations. Goodbye!", "l0Eg1Rywkmu-00086-00048036-00048192": "Thank you!"}}, {"audio_id": "l0Q3Bx97Dwo", "text": {"l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00000-00000408-00001136": "good morning traders and welcome to the bookmap pro trader webinar today uh wednesday and uh uh", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00001-00001136-00001623": "this is free and open to all this is part of the uh you know the pro trader series we do", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00002-00001623-00002192": "every quarter uh today we have reggie horner we've had her a couple times before futures trader uh", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00003-00002192-00002800": "options trader also stocks raggy is that correct yep yep a little bit a little bit everything um", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00004-00002856-00003679": "and um uh yeah so uh very happy to have her uh a little bio here uh uh reggie actually started", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00005-00003679-00004296": "trading at the age of 15 and a half so this is actually incorrect um while still in high", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00006-00004296-00004904": "school she has a passion for communicating and the message of the markets as well as teaching traders", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00007-00004968-00005544": "how to find an edge in currency and futures markets she has um three books uh published", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00008-00005544-00006200": "by wiley and sons countless speaking events uh seminars chief currency analyst analyst", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00009-00006200-00007023": "at ibfx uh which has been bought out by fxcm uh and uh trips across the globe raggy shares", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00010-00007023-00007744": "uh all she does and has learned at simpler uh currencies.com is that that's correct right uh uh", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00011-00007744-00008144": "simpler features actually now but we used to have a currency site but simpler features if you just", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00012-00008144-00008752": "go to simpler trading in the contact information that's perfect okay so here is her contact", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00013-00008752-00009304": "information if you guys are interested in reaching out to her i will be putting this periodically", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00014-00009304-00009976": "into the chat uh so that you can uh very easily reach out to her i need to go over the risk", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00015-00009976-00010504": "disclosures here uh and then i'll um we'll just turn it right over to raggy general disclosure", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00016-00010504-00011024": "all bookmap limited materials information and presentations are for educational purposes only", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00017-00011024-00011536": "and should not be considered specific investment advice nor recommendations live trading is in", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00018-00011536-00012104": "simulation demo paper trading mode and strictly for educational purposes live trading executed", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00019-00012104-00012640": "in simulation can cannot accurately represent realistic trading performances risk disclosure", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00020-00012640-00013080": "trading futures equities and digital currencies involves substantial risk of loss and is not", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00021-00013080-00013472": "suitable for all investors an investor could potentially lose all or more than the initial", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00022-00013472-00013984": "investment risk capital is money that can be lost without jeopardizing one's financial security nor", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00023-00013984-00014432": "lifestyle only risk capital should be used for trading and only those with sufficient risk", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00024-00014432-00014912": "capital should consider trading past performance is not necessarily indicative of future results", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00025-00014976-00015304": "raggy you're not going to go over any any uh automated trading strategies are you", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00026-00015400-00016032": "no i'm too much of a control freak okay excellent otherwise i would have to read out the", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00027-00016032-00016560": "the hypothetical performance disclosure i understand i'll turn it right over to you", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00028-00016560-00017048": "raggy uh thank you very much for being here no i'm very excited to be here thank you gang uh", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00029-00017048-00017664": "let me get my screen going here which is always a little bit of a challenge but let's see here", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00030-00017752-00018704": "uh six no it's gonna find which one of the nine is the one that you guys will see uh let's see", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00031-00018896-00019784": "i think that is it uh i see hold on a minute um no i see 4x factory there", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00032-00019896-00020320": "yeah i'm gonna start with the calendar that's the one okay great that's it excellent all right", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00033-00020320-00020800": "so you got all i see is a big old picture of my head so hopefully you guys can see", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00034-00020800-00021400": "there we go all right uh so let's get to it gang um so i'm gonna kick off this session", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00035-00021400-00021784": "because what i really wanted to do and again big thanks to bookmap for those of you that aren't", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00036-00021864-00022424": "familiar with what i do with bookmap um i actually purchased bookmap years ago", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00037-00022536-00023352": "and i guess it's been about two years now maybe a little bit longer and so uh it became an a", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00038-00023352-00023800": "confirmation of levels that i knew were relevant which is what what we do and what you guys know", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00039-00023800-00024376": "is important which is why you've started to incorporate bookmap into what you do is you know", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00040-00024376-00025064": "that price alone only tells a quarter of the story we know that price and i'm gonna i'm gonna share", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00041-00025064-00025592": "these notes with you guys a little bit later but there's there's four factors uh and i'm going to", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00042-00025592-00026088": "use this little note here on the side so there's four factors for for analysis that i believe in", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00043-00026168-00026808": "price is what everyone uses but then they stop there so kudos to then take the next step which", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00044-00026808-00027327": "to me is then volume what is volume it's conviction it's participation it's attention", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00045-00027327-00027783": "it's commitment right so then we know we get to that volume i also look at time which is", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00046-00027783-00028272": "why we're looking at the economic calendar right now and then finally uh volatility and i'll show", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00047-00028272-00028736": "you how i measure that as well so there's four factors for all analysis i think it's even more", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00048-00028839-00029464": "intensely important when we're day trading so we're going to start this off with the um the", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00049-00029464-00030120": "calendar today we just happened to be on day two of humphrey hawkins testimony from jerome powell", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00050-00030120-00030544": "it started i don't know if he's actually started yet i probably should turn the television on", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00051-00030736-00031360": "this is a time-based volatility event yes most of what we need to know exists on the", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00052-00031360-00031904": "charts but there is a good part of psychology that exists on the", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00053-00032072-00032727": "on basically the sort of news or the events of the day that are going to be taking our attention one", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00054-00032727-00033136": "of the things that a lot of folks talked about yesterday if you watched yesterday's action boy", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00055-00033136-00033760": "was book map lit up like a christmas tree it was amazing um in a lot of ways yesterday would have", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00056-00033760-00034232": "been hitting and i don't know who was speaking yesterday but i'm sure you guys saw it as bookmap", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00057-00034232-00034720": "users which is as the market was selling off you could see there was just nothing to catch it no", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00058-00034720-00035272": "real size no real bids it was a hot knife through butter you could visualize that so much better", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00059-00035272-00035784": "than someone and let me just go to big map here you could just visualize that so much better than", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00060-00035784-00036256": "someone who did not have the understanding of the support levels that the market could bounce from", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00061-00036320-00036800": "and yesterday was all about jerome powell so when the market started to sell off we", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00062-00036800-00037216": "knew there's a volatility event uh it was really interesting now when the market midday", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00063-00037312-00037728": "started to find some support you could see the bubbles you could see the levels", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00064-00037728-00038216": "show that we were at a decision point not that we knew directionally that we were going to keep", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00065-00038216-00038680": "going lower or higher but you knew there were decisions being made and if you're a momentum", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00066-00038680-00039232": "trader you saw when we started breaking through some key thresholds so one of the things you'll", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00067-00039232-00039864": "probably find it's a little unorthodox although i don't know how everyone uses it clearly but", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00068-00039864-00040496": "a little unorthodox is i do like to from time to time really scrunch my book map up i won't", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00069-00040496-00041120": "always be looking at it like this unless i really need to see a little bit more nuance this view", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00070-00041208-00041888": "will come into play when i know i want to see more nuance in the in the action another thing that i", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00071-00041888-00042496": "like to do sometimes i don't have this overlaid because for our presentation here i decided so", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00072-00042496-00043040": "we'd all be on the same page i just set my book map back to default uh charting so you guys", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00073-00043040-00043616": "could see just a default setting and then if you wanted to add different layers i think the default", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00074-00043616-00044112": "setting is a great place to start i think a lot of times when people are new to bookmap i know", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00075-00044112-00044656": "i did this i started getting too granular about all the different levers and dials i could twist", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00076-00044712-00045424": "and i think spend a good two weeks in that default view before you start adding on any of the amazing", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00077-00045424-00045912": "um tweaks you can make within the settings all right so i figured i'd go back on here", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00078-00045912-00046624": "to this really good basic uh level now i don't live in the book map right so", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00079-00046624-00047176": "i think a lot of times people get a little intimidated and they'll they'll sometimes lose", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00080-00047272-00047624": "out on what this could do to their training because they just figure well i'll just look at", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00081-00047624-00048272": "bookmap i won't look at anything else and they're trying to retrain their eyes and their and their", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00082-00048272-00048968": "in their process with a very different visual so what i recommend to most folks is a combination", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00083-00048968-00049552": "so i'm going to toggle between different platforms where we have that more traditional charting which", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00084-00049552-00050112": "again i think is very one-dimensional bookmap is multi-dimensional we talked about those multiple", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00085-00050112-00051024": "factors price volume time volatility my price my volume my time i can take care of with with a look", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00086-00051024-00051744": "at bookmap so what i'm going to do is show you uh my charts just some traditional charts and there's", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00087-00051744-00052360": "nothing super fancy here um gang what i'm doing is i'm looking at some one-minute candlesticks", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00088-00052455-00053136": "i have a color-coded candle that i call grab completely free that's a free you can find that on", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00089-00053136-00053791": "any number of platforms and it colors the candles according to where we are in relation to the 34", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00090-00053791-00054432": "exponential moving average on the high the the close and the low so right now", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00091-00054496-00055200": "i can see we have a little bit of bearishness on the s p but i also know that we're near", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00092-00055200-00055944": "this low right in here from 937 and this area here is a volatility projected low now that's", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00093-00055944-00056391": "just historical volatility so i hope what you're seeing is wait a minute rob you're telling me", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00094-00056391-00056967": "you've got some lows you're coming up into and then that's when i'm going to start to look at", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00095-00056967-00057624": "what bookmap is telling me because my chart can't tell me where that size is waiting so another", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00096-00057624-00058248": "aspect to this is we all have you know sort of more traditional you know there's traditional", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00097-00058248-00058984": "ways of looking at candlesticks um so you can look at a traditional candlestick interpretation", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00098-00059144-00059879": "maybe patterns support resistance you can you know overbought oversold", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00099-00060167-00060840": "even our indicators i will confirm i don't want to use that i don't i think a lot of times people", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00100-00060840-00061688": "think they have to completely abandon um processes that they were starting to get some uh positive", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00101-00061688-00062216": "results from and they just abandon it because now they're on bookmap and that may not be everybody", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00102-00062216-00062728": "but i highly recommend is if you had a process you liked and levels that you knew just need a", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00103-00062728-00063248": "little bit of tweaking start with that start with what i think is probably one of the most powerful", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00104-00063248-00063688": "conformational tools out there which is the book map start with identifying things that you're", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00105-00063688-00064240": "probably already comfortable with identifying maybe use a stochastic maybe use an macd for", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00106-00064240-00064784": "momentum maybe use some moving average or moving average crosses maybe you're using time-based", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00107-00064784-00065384": "clearing ranges or initial balance uh breaches things like that pretty pretty common place in", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00108-00065384-00065968": "the day trading world what's not commonplace though is then being able to say well if i", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00109-00065968-00066656": "think the area between about thirty eight fifty three and a half and thirty eight forty seven", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00110-00066656-00067104": "thirty eight forty eight could be a layer of support i don't know what's waiting there when", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00111-00067104-00067800": "i look at a traditional chart bam that's what i'll switch gears and as we close in on those levels", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00112-00067800-00068336": "i want to see if in real time i'm starting to get the participation at those levels it would", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00113-00068336-00068864": "give me confidence to be a fade buyer all right i know i've just thrown a lot at you in about", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00114-00068944-00069584": "seven eight minutes here so let me take a look at any of the questions that you guys might have", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00115-00069584-00070104": "and i'll just sort of keep notes i and so what i'm trying to tell you is i confirm all of that", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00116-00070160-00070840": "with the bookmap view of this is the way i look at it participation what are we", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00117-00070840-00071536": "seeing on bookmap we're not seeing in other places participation size again most people stop at price", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00118-00071536-00071992": "you're now taking two factors three if you're looking at time and you're looking at those", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00119-00071992-00072704": "three factors price without volume to me is an incomplete picture and you guys know", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00120-00072704-00073272": "i don't care how much volume really occurred at a certain time what are we able to see and", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00121-00073272-00073696": "i'm telling you after three decades and you know this i'm not telling you anything you don't know", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00122-00073808-00074456": "you're looking at volume based on price and i know that's rudimentary for some of you and", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00123-00074456-00074928": "for others you're thinking oh that's that's the needle mover that's the difference maker so yes", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00124-00074928-00075576": "what i'm doing is i don't care how much volume happened between 943 and 944 not really what i", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00125-00075576-00076480": "care is how much volume is sitting at 38.55 how much volume is sitting at 38.65 if i'm", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00126-00076480-00077000": "going to get a breakout so let's say let me get my drawing tool on the i think this should", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00127-00077072-00077608": "allow you guys to see a little bit more of what i'd like to see for a setup so i've got this layer", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00128-00077608-00078512": "in here right and this might additionally be where i could see an macd uh breakout right well this is", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00129-00078512-00079104": "what i can't see on a price chart not in the same way as i'm seeing at bookmap so i know that if i'm", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00130-00079104-00079592": "going to get some sort of breakout and it looks like it would be potentially through the point of", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00131-00079592-00080056": "control so you're already familiar with things like points of control where the most volume", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00132-00080056-00080600": "has occurred between a certain segment of time that white line there represents the most volume", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00133-00080600-00081128": "i've seen since 9 30 and you can put that on your book map so i get a little bit of redundancy there", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00134-00081248-00081904": "notice how as we're breaking through it do you see how i'm looking at a that layer b", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00135-00081960-00082536": "what are the what are the what are our side what is size telling us now these aren't tiny tiny", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00136-00082536-00083168": "participation bubbles are they this is what i want to see i want to see and i don't i'm not surprised", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00137-00083168-00083648": "to see size built here because this is where the market stopped before so what i'll say is", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00138-00083720-00084248": "are we responding with the right type of bubble at that level i like to see the big bubble at that", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00139-00084248-00084880": "level volume attention conviction commitment and so that's that breakout level that i was talking", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00140-00084880-00085528": "about so we go back on over here what i'd like to see is either a positive macd if you want another", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00141-00085528-00086208": "kind of confirmation um by the way the reality of if you're you know you watch this live with", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00142-00086208-00086704": "me or whether you're catching this on replay the reality is it's 16 minutes after 10 and we're", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00143-00086704-00087512": "waiting for powell day two of humphrey hawkins testimony so i think technicals are uh really", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00144-00087512-00088320": "not necessarily ideal i don't consider bookmap a technical and i don't hold technical in like", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00145-00088320-00088968": "this irreverence um it's i hold it in high regard but a lot of people are just blind to technicals", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00146-00088968-00089816": "and they're not thinking about price and volume so i like tools that measure volume that's why this", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00147-00089816-00090632": "kind of confirmation is so important to me and macd is just arithmetic around open high low close", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00148-00090632-00091184": "most indicators that traders use before they start to understand the importance of volume it's just", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00149-00091184-00091808": "you know number crunching the high low close which is fine we're then taking that step that most", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00150-00091808-00092424": "traders do not and we're confirming that with size so i hope that makes sense let me um let me tackle", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00151-00092424-00092984": "a few questions here because i would love for this to be as interactive as possible i'm live trading", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00152-00092984-00093520": "uh again i'm not here to tell you what to do how to do it um bruce gave you guys all the um", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00153-00093640-00094240": "disclaimers uh just look at what i think look at how i'm walking you guys through it and i love", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00154-00094240-00094792": "that we're doing this after the clearing range so this is when i get to work on the day after the", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00155-00094792-00095448": "clearing range means after the first 30 minutes after the belt so i like to see the market uh", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00156-00095448-00096056": "and what else am i able to see between 9 30 and 10 on bookmap one of the reasons i like to keep this", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00157-00096136-00096928": "view until i'm really willing and ready to get to work is i want to see what the ranges were between", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00158-00096928-00097488": "9 30 and 10 where was the market able to run up to and run into resistance where was the market able", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00159-00097488-00098080": "to run down to and and find support that's your clearing range that will be and you can see it", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00160-00098080-00098688": "overhead i've already taken one breach by what does that mean i have this overhead resistance", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00161-00098688-00099088": "i'm looking for the market to take it out to the upside what's the next level that i'm going to be", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00162-00099088-00099600": "looking at if we get a clearing range breach you can see it right in front of you let me highlight", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00163-00099600-00100128": "it here right here let me make that a little bit bigger or a different color that's kind of hard to", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00164-00100128-00100832": "see um i'll just make it in white right here and right here and i'll make that a little bit bigger", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00165-00100832-00101560": "sorry about that gang let's get these drawing tools visible bam right bam said the lady that", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00166-00101560-00102256": "is what i'm looking for so i already have levels that i'm i'm waiting for i know and this is a", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00167-00102256-00102864": "little bit different i'm not letting bookmap or even price tell me what to do i know what i want", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00168-00102864-00103456": "to do because volume has told me well these are interesting breach levels that's my pitch", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00169-00103559-00104072": "that's my pitch now i'm just waiting for my pitch and when it starts to get closer and closer what", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00170-00104072-00104592": "do i want to see again that's when you'll see me do this and i want to see the way that we get up", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00171-00104592-00105192": "there and the type of bubbles we get when we do all right so that's that's going to give you my", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00172-00105192-00105664": "game plan i've already long i want a clearing range breach now i want to see this market", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00173-00105664-00106216": "take out a uh the clearing range high because if we're going to grind higher on the fuel of jerome", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00174-00106216-00106928": "powell who yesterday by the way said hey the u.s economy is nowhere near the 2 inflation target", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00175-00106928-00107535": "which means we're probably not going to see the federal reserve rush to a tightening cycle or a", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00176-00107535-00108111": "taper which is something that stocks or stocks are mortified of if you wonder why this market", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00177-00108111-00108688": "sold off it's because fed fund futures started to to insinuate that maybe a september december hike", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00178-00108688-00109224": "was possible bond market the long bond 30 years started to say look the fed's losing control of", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00179-00109224-00109864": "the longer end of the yield curve and and powell basically came in and said oh bond market oh fen", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00180-00109864-00110472": "funds you guys forget i've got the biggest bazooka of all i've got monetary policy and i can print", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00181-00110472-00111256": "for as much as um the global economic system will let me because the us dollar is the reserve", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00182-00111256-00111872": "currency that's the macro backdrop that's also the drama playing out in front of us on television now", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00183-00111872-00112568": "so we're going to have a very tricky day because every little thing that the federal reserve says", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00184-00112568-00113104": "every question that's given to him is going to make the market start to respond to oh is this", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00185-00113104-00113664": "dovish is this hawkish is this bullish for stocks is it not okay so that's a little backdrop to what", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00186-00113664-00114248": "we're dealing with right now this is not a normal day in any way so again until i'm at a level", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00187-00114328-00114935": "that i want to do something uh with and by the way if you're a super active day trader", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00188-00114935-00115408": "all my cards in the table you're probably not gonna like the way i trade and that's okay um", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00189-00115408-00115904": "it it's totally fine uh everyone's got a different approach if you'd like if you're", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00190-00115904-00116424": "one of those people that's gonna have 20 30 round trips before noon you're gonna you're gonna find", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00191-00116424-00117152": "what i do slower than molasses like watching paint dry i like to pick a spot find that pitch", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00192-00117152-00117959": "and then get in so if i have four to six trades by 11 30 noon eastern that's a pretty full day for me", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00193-00117959-00118488": "so realize the way that i'm setting up trades does have a certain pace and it's on the slower end", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00194-00118632-00119056": "i will also say that if you keep your book map zoomed in i think you're going to tend to want", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00195-00119056-00119624": "to over trade so so be cautious about that if you like scalps then fantastic nothing's going to", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00196-00119624-00120159": "give you more insight i'm just not a scalper so i think it's my responsibility to let you know gosh", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00197-00120159-00120696": "if if i want to learn how to scalp uh probably not the person i want to listen to right so", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00198-00120800-00121504": "um let's see first question hey there dan uh you know people always ask me about dark", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00199-00121504-00121983": "pools and things like that i'll tell you what i've read a lot of books uh about it", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00200-00122048-00122783": "i don't find and look i traded through the systems uh volume of of the you know late", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00201-00122783-00123240": "80s early 90s and then of course you know the algos and the high frequency and everything else", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00202-00123304-00124135": "i have not found that what i'm sharing with you now works any differently or works any less", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00203-00124135-00124808": "than before i mean are dark pools a factor of course i'm not going to tell you they're not but", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00204-00124808-00125296": "i don't find because all i can tell you is what i have found through the interpretation of", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00205-00125296-00125672": "different volume tools and i've used a lot of them bookmaps the one that runs on my computer", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00206-00125735-00126288": "like i said i was a i was a customer a paying customer that long before bruce and i got to", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00207-00126288-00127040": "talking all right so what i need to know is i can trust my tool and i get it right do i think that", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00208-00127111-00127648": "i trust what i'm seeing volume wise any less i don't because i haven't seen my results um", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00209-00127848-00128456": "diminish with what i'm doing remember i'm already identifying price-based levels and then i'm asking", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00210-00128456-00129064": "bookmap to show me relative to volume that's occurred before whether or not i'm seeing", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00211-00129064-00129759": "a response at that level and for what i needed to confirm and give me confidence in you know", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00212-00129759-00130120": "whether or not the market's going to exhaust at that level or whether the market has the", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00213-00130120-00130648": "ability to bust through that level or whether the market's going to find support at a certain level", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00214-00130648-00131096": "i'm really looking and here's a really easy way to do it see how we're gaining some speed", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00215-00131096-00131608": "i want to see those bigger bubbles into like i mentioned that's that clearing range high area", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00216-00131608-00132072": "this is what i need to see do you see that and and dark pools haven't changed that for me", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00217-00132072-00132576": "right that's what i need to see i'm not surprised that that's where it's happening i know that's my", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00218-00132576-00133296": "clearing range high right see this right here let me point this out this is the clearing range high", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00219-00133296-00134048": "right there so that candle which most people see is a very one-dimensional candle we are seeing the", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00220-00134048-00134712": "response at that level that's the difference and you'll see i'll toggle back and forth so you don't", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00221-00134712-00135144": "need to abandon everything else you're doing but i just want to say that as much as i love", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00222-00135144-00135632": "my charting and most the tools that are running on my screen are tools that i've created but", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00223-00135632-00136272": "we have to acknowledge the shortcoming of these tools now i will say this area up here", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00224-00136272-00136784": "could be some resistance because historical volatility tells me we could struggle but if i", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00225-00136784-00137264": "want to see that we're going to break through this it's even more important that i continue to see", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00226-00137264-00137968": "these larger bubbles larger bubbles are a relative conversation relative to what came before so", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00227-00138056-00138512": "i hope that makes sense and i and i do anticipate the market to struggle just a little bit here", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00228-00138512-00138960": "one because i've got a historical volatility range in play that's what this is in here this", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00229-00138960-00139464": "is a calculation that i created many years ago using historical volatility that looks at the", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00230-00139464-00140152": "typical price movement for a six-month look back so that is there overhead but if we're gonna if", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00231-00140152-00140832": "we're gonna survive this i need to get above 38.80 and i need to keep looking at those bubbles to see", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00232-00140832-00141352": "if i've got the size is it a bigger battering ram because that's what i'm going to need", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00233-00141352-00141920": "that's what but nothing here is telling me that i'm sort of look at the size of the bubbles do i", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00234-00141920-00142464": "feel that as a buyer or a bull that i don't have company that's another thing you know", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00235-00142464-00142952": "let's use some layman's terms i'm not going to get into a lot of volume profile market profile", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00236-00142952-00143728": "conversation let's just say that you know in some ways mike makes right size does matter", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00237-00143728-00144320": "in this context so if i start to see relatively speaking see the bubbles are getting smaller and", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00238-00144320-00144920": "we're coming up to that resistance level and i'm sitting in this area i'm i'm i'm sort of losing", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00239-00144920-00145280": "like you know i'm losing some of that size that i need it doesn't mean that i'm going to short", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00240-00145400-00145936": "it just means that it might take a little bit more time to attract more buyers i can't see the", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00241-00145936-00146448": "buyers getting attracted here can i on my sort of one-dimensional or wonderful chart and i use this", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00242-00146448-00147352": "all the time but i can't see that that psychology this is a graph of psychology even sociology right", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00243-00147352-00147784": "understanding mob psychology understanding the behavior of groups that's what we're doing when", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00244-00147784-00148504": "we're trading right gang book map is what for me is what is is so important to understand that", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00245-00148504-00149072": "inside that sort of one-dimensional one-minute candle or however many candles are stacking up you", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00246-00149072-00149536": "can see the battle raging here and there's still a lot of size so it tells me there's a lot of", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00247-00149536-00150208": "uh opinion it's an important level i didn't i didn't i wasn't caught off guard because again", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00248-00150208-00150928": "we had this zone already highlighted we have this overhead resistance again already right there", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00249-00150928-00151480": "and then again notice i'm not abandoning things that i've used for decades i'm so", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00250-00151480-00152048": "i'm not supplanting anything i'm supplementing so i'm still long but what does this allow me to do", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00251-00152136-00152776": "i'm not gonna most traders get very twitchy here what does bookmap allow me to do i can see the", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00252-00152776-00153320": "battle raging no one's winning no one's losing in fact i still think the the bulls are holding", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00253-00153320-00154152": "got plenty of support it brings me a lot of calm i may not sound calm i get very excited when i trade", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00254-00154152-00154608": "i love i love doing this you know if someone would have told young rocky hey you're gonna", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00255-00154608-00155152": "you're gonna sit around using these cutting edge tools from your from your home and", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00256-00155152-00155568": "and and trade the markets you know wouldn't have believed them wouldn't believed it but yeah i get", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00257-00155568-00156024": "very excited but bookmap actually gives me a lot of calm so i know there's going to be a battle", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00258-00156024-00156456": "raging here i'm not going to get shaken out for no reason but i could put in a trailing stop if", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00259-00156456-00157080": "that's something that i want to do all right so um do have dark pools affected the way in which i", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00260-00157136-00157688": "interpret and use this tool not in any way not in any way uh i know there's always been activity", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00261-00157688-00158128": "that i'm not going to see till the end of the day before dark pools it was block traits you know so", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00262-00158128-00158832": "you might and kudos to the question pre-seating this dark pool which is i know a different animal", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00263-00158832-00159328": "but but back in the 90s it was a block train also this big block trade would go off that", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00264-00159328-00159736": "didn't go off at that moment but it's something that's already transpired and you know it made", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00265-00159736-00160240": "you wonder am i really seeing signs and yet you know back in the 90s when i was trading level two", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00266-00160240-00160800": "and um you know looking at the the ecns and the market makers and so forth i still i still could", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00267-00160800-00161344": "get the job done because we're still following a certain amount of flow and opinion okay and size", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00268-00161400-00162072": "so thank you for the question um and dan thank you i i hope that my talking through this is a more", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00269-00162072-00162576": "interesting than my throwing this on a powerpoint and b i want you guys to see this happen live", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00270-00162576-00162944": "you know let me let me leave this on on the book map for a minute because we're still battling in", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00271-00162944-00163472": "this area isn't this interesting that pretty much that same volatility zone and this is the other", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00272-00163472-00164000": "reason i love bookmap it's confirmed in so many ways where i know this volatility zone sitting", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00273-00164000-00164728": "overhead should have size but i don't know right it just is an arithmetic calculation based on", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00274-00164728-00165200": "time of day and typical price movement going back six months i don't know what's happening here but", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00275-00165200-00165816": "you see this red zone is lining up with this confidence now i know all right that's a level", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00276-00165816-00166224": "that the market's going to contend with and here we are just bouncing back and forth so", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00277-00166360-00167168": "um it just again gives me calm gives me confidence uh what else do we have here", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00278-00167464-00167976": "um am i currently am i currently long so it was that level that i was showing you earlier", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00279-00167976-00168472": "thomas yeah when we broke through that first level and then and then i don't know that i'm", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00280-00168472-00168976": "going to buy again if we break out through 38.80 but you know what i'm tempted to do", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00281-00169072-00169744": "is perhaps look at 38.74 with a tight stop if we're gonna and remember today", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00282-00169744-00170256": "is not a typical day i don't i want to keep reminding everybody of that because we have", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00283-00170312-00170832": "the second day of testimony from jerome powell usually what i tell my traders on a day but jerome", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00284-00170832-00171368": "powell is going to be at the mic it's a caution day and i'll be very conservative about my trades", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00285-00171368-00171848": "but another thing i want to keep in mind is i don't want a short cappell that's what i call him", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00286-00171848-00172504": "kapow oh i don't want to short him now you saw we all saw it happened yesterday so what i'll", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00287-00172504-00173120": "probably have to do is what i could do from my previous buy is if we start to break down", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00288-00173120-00173560": "through here as you can see it's happening right now if we start to build some size and break", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00289-00173560-00174008": "down throughout level i'm gonna i'm gonna pull the plug on the trade i've already scaled out", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00290-00174008-00174384": "once and then i'll just take out this is this is gonna represent a trailing stop", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00291-00174496-00174944": "that's it what can i do now i'll wait for the next setup i'll just wait for the next setup", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00292-00174944-00175712": "so i'm gonna go back to my price charts my next setup and let me see i'm focused on the es but the", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00293-00175712-00176632": "truth of the matter is i probably would be better off looking at let's see and q is interesting", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00294-00176704-00177344": "crude oil is kind of interesting russell's kind of interesting yms kind of interesting", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00295-00177568-00178472": "all right let's go take a look at nq the nasdaq has really uh been hit hard these last few days", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00296-00178472-00178968": "so let's take a look at the nas see the nas is pulling back down to this area here around 13050", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00297-00179024-00179712": "let's pull up the enqueue here look at that darn i i should have switched on over earlier", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00298-00179712-00180456": "13 050 bottom of that volatility range 21 exponential moving average 13 exponential so i've", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00299-00180456-00181336": "got some support in this area and again i in golly we had that nice layer right there a little bit of", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00300-00181336-00181944": "size building a lot of folks like using bookmap for momentum let's let's let's flip the script", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00301-00181944-00182704": "here for a second when the market starts to drop oftentimes you'll see spaces between the bubbles", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00302-00182704-00183328": "and bubbles get very small that's normal but a lot of times people ask me well rob even before", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00303-00183328-00183792": "we start getting those nice bookmap support levels how are you interpreting that the market's kind of", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00304-00183880-00184344": "putting on the brakes right back to the size of the bubbles if i think the market is moving lower", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00305-00184344-00184720": "we get red bubbles red bubbles red bubbles and all of a sudden the red bubbles start getting larger", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00306-00184792-00185416": "at a pullback level i'm going to interpret that as not more breakdown because the market's already", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00307-00185416-00186024": "been moving lower right if we get a large bubble at a resistance level that to me could be fatigue", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00308-00186096-00186712": "as we're falling if the bubbles are relatively small to in relation to the bubble that we get", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00309-00186712-00187304": "at say a 13 050 major psychological level or in this case i've got a 21 ema i've got the", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00310-00187304-00187920": "lower end of my volatility range if the bubble gets large after a series of small ones that's", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00311-00187920-00188568": "one to keep an eye on so again it's not just the layers to keep an eye on in terms of those", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00312-00188568-00189096": "nice um highlighting these little fire levels right it's not just these little", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00313-00189096-00189704": "fire levels that i'm looking at it's also the size of the bubble as we get there", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00314-00189704-00190168": "so again smaller bubbles leading to a larger bubble is a completely different conversation", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00315-00190224-00191112": "so this the the size in that regard is is very important all right um all right let's go back to", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00316-00191280-00191664": "he and if you notice i do i do look at currencies on this as well i will look at", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00317-00191664-00192264": "currencies i'm an avid currency trader i don't have any set up on the on the aussie uh so far", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00318-00192368-00193024": "i am interested in trading crude oil at some point perhaps but um we'll", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00319-00193024-00193648": "i'll keep from moving through too many markets let me uh let me grab another question here", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00320-00193816-00194328": "so i just got out thomas i'm i'm looking i'm willing to get back in but i just did get out of", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00321-00194328-00194872": "that yes and i'd be totally fine to get back you know you might say rob you know look the market", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00322-00194872-00195464": "bounced from there and that's fine i'll just wait for another setup and that is going to be now", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00323-00195760-00196624": "38.75 38.75 to approximately 38 73 and a half so that's what's so what i'll typically do", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00324-00196704-00197088": "is i'll write that down i'll write down those levels and that's what i have", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00325-00197168-00197928": "interest in and then i will so once we get down to that level well i'll look at", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00326-00197928-00198328": "whether or not that's a level that makes sense right now it probably doesn't", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00327-00198400-00199104": "okay it probably doesn't but we know that this is an ever evolving picture so potentially once we", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00328-00199104-00199800": "get down there if i start to see the small small small large bubble and i start to have that level", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00329-00199800-00200320": "lit up it's starting to light up now a little bit earlier than i thought it was it's 76 i wanted 75", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00330-00200320-00200792": "to 73 and a half but that's okay if that's where it's going to light up that might be where that", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00331-00201056-00201584": "size is waiting so i might have to tweak my entry a little bit you see that so i have a level based", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00332-00201584-00202208": "on price in this area and if i need to step out in front of that this is going to tell me", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00333-00202208-00202752": "okay maybe 75 and a half 75 and three quarters might be a better fine-tuning of that of that", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00334-00202752-00203224": "level but i want to see those larger dots when we get there showing me that the market's responding", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00335-00203224-00203688": "to what i'm seeing both from the perspective of support and moving averages and volatility", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00336-00203752-00204360": "and again multiple factors that volume is kicking in there too okay so you'll notice i'm going back", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00337-00204360-00205208": "and forth between price and and my indicators and volume all right let's see what else we have here", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00338-00205376-00206023": "um hey there john it seems to me that nq deep liquidity levels act as magnets whereas es", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00339-00206023-00206528": "operates more support and resistance you know i love that you mentioned the word magnets john", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00340-00206528-00207000": "because i i believe i call it gravitational pull we're on the same exact page i don't know that", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00341-00207000-00207512": "i notice it any differently on e s than n q but i will tell you the relationship between es and", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00342-00207512-00207992": "nq is an interesting one where i call it es the dog and enqueue the dog walker when you", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00343-00207992-00208584": "think about the weighting of individual stocks and sectors in the es it's really a second rate and q", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00344-00208656-00209160": "in fact tech is the heaviest weighted sector in all three of the major indices down as of", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00345-00209160-00210112": "course and s p so i tend to find the n e s sort of follows the nq around and um more often than not", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00346-00210112-00210640": "yes the ym can have influence on the es that's mostly when we're seeing financials at work", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00347-00210728-00211192": "and healthcare but generally speaking if tech is leading the charge and we would know that", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00348-00211192-00211984": "through watching nq or xlk xly xlc when nq is leading the charge uh unless financials", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00349-00211984-00212504": "and healthcare are just you know getting crushed es is going to move with nq so", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00350-00212592-00213280": "that's the way i look at it i i do think that volume can act like a magnet because", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00351-00213280-00213800": "as one of my mentors told me many many years ago the market moves in the direction of the", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00352-00213800-00214336": "most stops oh we can see that right here right the market moves and the direction of the most", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00353-00214336-00214919": "stops now that's where this sort of insidious interpretation of oh stops or hunting stops", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00354-00215096-00215400": "i think a lot of people look at the market as this thing that's out to get them", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00355-00215464-00215823": "and i remind everybody the market doesn't even know we're there it's like a surfer on top of", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00356-00215823-00216496": "the ocean ocean doesn't care it's going to keep doing what it does so the way i look at this is", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00357-00216704-00217464": "the market's job is not to be demolishing your account or even to reward you the market's", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00358-00217464-00217944": "job is simply to fill orders and it's gonna it's like a heat-seeking missile it's gonna", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00359-00218016-00218504": "move in the direction of those orders that's typically what happens and and so yeah i agree", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00360-00218504-00219071": "with you that's that magnetic action that i think you've observed very correctly i think that's a", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00361-00219071-00219704": "brilliant way to look at it most people don't sort of think about size as being magnets i think it's", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00362-00219704-00220271": "that way in most markets but i think the es and q relationship is unique because nq typically", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00363-00220271-00220736": "moves so i'm getting pretty close to that zone i told you i want to be a buyer at but notice i'm", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00364-00220736-00221208": "not getting a lot of help uh i can't say that the bubbles are giving me a lot of confidence", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00365-00221288-00221767": "but i told you this area we might look at a buy so i'm looking now to see if we can start to increase", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00366-00221767-00222280": "some size i want to see relatively speaking a larger bubble i'm not getting a lot of help though", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00367-00222352-00222823": "right where's where's that volume stacked up for me it's kind of a thin level here", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00368-00222823-00223567": "it's kind of a thin level so you might say well rob would you buy if i see a thin level but the", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00369-00223567-00224071": "size is there and i already have a level that i think could be valid on on my price chart", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00370-00224071-00224544": "i'll take a smaller position i'll take a smaller position i don't have to pass on it all together", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00371-00224608-00224928": "but i could take a smaller position i think this would justify a small long", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00372-00225064-00225544": "all right and that's that level we were talking about before coming down towards 75 and three", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00373-00225544-00226648": "quarters 74. all right uh do i use bookmap for equities uh i do i'm sticking with futures because", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00374-00226648-00227319": "that's what i trade in the morning the most um and i and i've and i've i've been mostly focusing on", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00375-00227319-00228119": "futures in the morning between 9 30 and 11 30. so uh yes it it works it actually works in some", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00376-00228119-00228840": "ways even better in the broader indices because remember indices are just collections of stocks", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00377-00228840-00229528": "right indices are just collections of stocks and so if i get a better idea granularly at um", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00378-00229728-00230119": "if i get a better idea what's happening at a more granular level meaning the heavily weighted stocks", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00379-00230216-00231152": "if the es is moving what do i want to see moving xlf jp morgan apple microsoft right so to me it's", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00380-00231152-00231671": "a great supplement and additional opportunities and sometimes you're going to see better clarity", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00381-00231736-00232319": "at the sector or individual stock level than you will at the index level so that so yes and that's", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00382-00232319-00232856": "the way i look at it and it works actually really really well in fact if there's a part", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00383-00232856-00233440": "of bookmap that i think ends up being neglected and i can't speak on behalf of you know all the", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00384-00233440-00233871": "other presenters but i know for me like it's a shame that i haven't done a stock presentation", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00385-00233871-00234312": "yet because it it really does work phenomenally little well yeah absolutely i like i said i use", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00386-00234312-00235048": "it for currencies too when i trade say the 6a or the 6j gold works great um crude works great", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00387-00235456-00235608": "next up is", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00388-00235888-00236192": "so yes very very confident big fan of that", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00389-00236192-00236608": "i just don't do a lot for whatever reason in the morning with during these presentations", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00390-00236608-00237016": "mostly because i'm you know up to my eyeballs and e e s and q y m r t y", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00391-00237256-00238223": "uh uh daniel asked what did some of those bubbles possibly stop runs of the uh shorts", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00392-00238367-00238840": "yeah i don't again i just look at it as filling orders who's getting benefited by that", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00393-00238840-00239448": "who's being um so somebody else has stopper into somebody else's film so to your point", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00394-00239448-00240056": "yes it could be it could be a stop run but stop runs uh of shorts to me i mean there's", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00395-00240056-00240519": "there are long squeezes too as much as there's a short squeeze there are long squeezes too", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00396-00240519-00241176": "so what is one person's exit is another person's fill i try to keep that in mind but yes absolutely", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00397-00241176-00241696": "sure and again if they're running stops down to a level of support we had we had called out that", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00398-00241696-00242248": "level of support as potentially this technical base level remember we talked about all this", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00399-00242248-00242976": "around 38 75 and three quarters down to 30 uh 73 and three quarter 74 so we knew that was a level", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00400-00243088-00243623": "what five four five minutes before and then what am i doing i picked the level out here", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00401-00243696-00244232": "and then i'm just looking for the confirmation not the best confirmation here though not the best and", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00402-00244232-00244719": "again jerome powell's testifying doesn't surprise me it's gonna affect the way the markets are gonna", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00403-00244719-00245296": "respond so not a clean clean trading day because you know day two of humphrey hawkins testimony", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00404-00245296-00246304": "is a big deal but um so yes of course of course but remember if if someone's um short and they're", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00405-00246304-00246936": "buying back someone else might just be getting long so for one person that that buy is not a net", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00406-00246936-00247544": "long but for somebody else it is but yeah i like where your head said i and you're exactly right", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00407-00247544-00248008": "but what do i want to get opportunistic at for me i like when those markets pull back love that", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00408-00248080-00248728": "we talked about one situation where bookmap helped us through a resistance level here we talked about", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00409-00248728-00249200": "bookmap helping us through what was not a strong support level but it was a support", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00410-00249200-00249760": "level nonetheless and again look at the size of the bubbles relative to what preceded it as we get", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00411-00249760-00250312": "down to the support that's really important and i'm not worrying about it until i get to my price", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00412-00250312-00250896": "level i think if you're trying to use bookmap and you're a brand new user don't initially now", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00413-00250896-00251352": "i think the longer you look at this you'll be able to use bookmap as a standalone inc more and more", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00414-00251352-00251952": "and more but i think in the very beginning if you have levels based on more traditional price-based", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00415-00251952-00252560": "analysis or moving averages or what have you maybe there's an indicator that you like uh let", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00416-00252560-00253032": "that show you where the price is i walked you guys through that right moving average volatility told", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00417-00253032-00253632": "me that zone and then let bookmap can confirm it so that's a i think a really powerful way to do it", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00418-00253848-00254608": "um and i actually don't necessarily now i know we can change the now i'm using the traditional dot", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00419-00254608-00255016": "now the other thing you guys can do which would be helpful like i said in the beginning and i'm", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00420-00255016-00255488": "not trying to make this for beginners only but i think it's a good place to start if you're brand", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00421-00255488-00255976": "new with bookmap because a lot of things that um sadden me is if someone starts off with bookmap", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00422-00255976-00256400": "starts to overcomplicate the use of it starts to over trade they don't see the results they", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00423-00256400-00257023": "want to see and suddenly they think well bookmap doesn't work and that's just not true volume works", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00424-00257023-00257423": "right it's not a matter of well bookmap doesn't work no it's a matter of am i using", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00425-00257423-00258223": "what it's telling me at the right time um and in the right way so just my just my approach to it so", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00426-00258304-00258736": "you'll see i'll kind of toggle back and forth keep it simple at first like i said the first couple of", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00427-00258736-00259328": "weeks just study the difference the relative size of the different bubbles study where you", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00428-00259328-00259944": "would typically make a move sands volume and then add the volume and say oh this is what bookmap is", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00429-00259944-00260336": "telling me at this level that i would typically want to do something at is it fine tuning the", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00430-00260336-00261032": "level for you is it negating the level for you is it better confirming the level for you okay um", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00431-00261328-00262000": "next is currencies you know i don't have a trade on currencies right", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00432-00262000-00262472": "now uh if i did i'd be happy to show it to you uh let's see here", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00433-00262776-00264784": "um you know what 17 if you want to keep an eye on one um peter 79 10 on the 6a 7910 on the 6a", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00434-00264968-00265312": "keep an eye on that so what have i done i've basically plucked out the volume", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00435-00265312-00265688": "weighted average price since 9 30. i've got it i've got a um", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00436-00265936-00266440": "i've got a 7 a.m and a 6 and a 9 30 am anchored volume weighted average price i'm sitting right", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00437-00266440-00267088": "in front of the major psychological level so yeah i'd like to get long around that level and then i", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00438-00267088-00267584": "will see what kind of action i get i already see those levels between 14 and 10 are lit up", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00439-00267640-00268000": "now i need to see the response when we get down there so i know they're there i know they're", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00440-00268000-00268408": "there from a price based technical indicator type perspective i know they're there from a", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00441-00268408-00269024": "volume perspective and now i want to see if and when we pull back relatively speaking do i see", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00442-00269024-00269488": "the size kick in and that could be a level to watch all right they move slower though", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00443-00269544-00270112": "and you know of course es and q are moving pretty swiftly today because of uh because of pound yeah", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00444-00270272-00270816": "okay so hang on give me reggie actually i have some questions for the currencies as well um", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00445-00270888-00271552": "we um cover them every now and then in in the in the webinars daily webinars we have but um since", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00446-00271552-00271928": "you're the expert with the with the currencies here uh and have traded them for so many years", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00447-00271984-00272544": "uh you know the liquidity is very different uh in the uh currency futures uh you see a lot", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00448-00272544-00273136": "of like kind of hedging or um you know a lot of arbitraging uh every other price level you'll see", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00449-00273136-00273624": "the that just kind of like this here like you know you'll see liquidity at every other price level", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00450-00273624-00274096": "but they're always pulling um you know once it gets up to those levels uh sometimes they stay", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00451-00274096-00274472": "in the book and those are those are really good confirmations but uh most of the time it kind of", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00452-00274472-00274832": "comes up to those levels hacks around a little bit it goes back down the other level they pull", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00453-00274888-00275520": "um just wondering if you have any insights on um trading currency features with bookmap so i'll", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00454-00275520-00276072": "do the same thing where you know i for example if we get down to 14 i wouldn't be surprised if they", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00455-00276072-00276968": "pulled the 14. at 79 14. i wouldn't be surprised i would be more surprised if they pull 79 10 um", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00456-00276968-00277528": "and and and if they did pull 79 10 i wouldn't be surprised if they appear at 7906 so", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00457-00277640-00278088": "i'll look at levels they were at i'll look at levels they're at right now and i'll look at the", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00458-00278088-00278720": "proximity to a major psychological level evaluated average price level a level that i would consider", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00459-00278720-00279360": "important before i then go confirm that on bookmap so yeah i mean 4x is a little bit different to", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00460-00279360-00280136": "beast but um i guess because what i tend to do and you know until you said something i probably", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00461-00280136-00280656": "didn't i probably wasn't that conscious of it see that level gets my attention as much as this level", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00462-00280784-00281288": "and i hope that kind of makes sense gang so if this and and and this level gets my attention", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00463-00281288-00281912": "too but not as much because it's really the 7900 that i think the close we get to we're going to", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00464-00281912-00282456": "start to build interest at but what i'll do is i'll look at where they were interested before", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00465-00282568-00282976": "before where i think they might pull shenanigans i agree with you although we've had support", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00466-00282976-00283512": "previously here so one really good way to look at a level like this where there's some doubt", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00467-00283512-00284080": "is you know did they step in before and if they did and their size they might defend that", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00468-00284080-00284888": "they might defend that um yeah oh six would get my attention so does that help does that sort", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00469-00284888-00285264": "of make sense i don't know that i was ever sort of consciously confident of what my", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00470-00285264-00285584": "eyes and brain were doing but that's how i would interpret this particular chart", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00471-00285704-00286152": "no that that's that's that's excellent i i would agree with you i mean it looks like the guy at 10", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00472-00286152-00286696": "is is you know likely going to stay in there and and you can even see the large lot tracker in the", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00473-00286696-00287328": "order book there is showing probably about i don't know 60 to 70 are one is one individual actor", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00474-00287424-00287888": "in fact it's the same guy um you can see him down at 79.02", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00475-00288016-00288448": "and he kind of moved back and forth between that and o6 and then he pulled from o6 and then", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00476-00288448-00288920": "put it to ten yeah yeah for sure i mean look at this from here yep you can definitely see", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00477-00288984-00289440": "when we get a hole here yeah he shows up there yeah yeah and then he then he moved into ten", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00478-00289440-00289960": "and seems seems to like just call it quits for now um or at least he's holding at ten", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00479-00289960-00290768": "um and uh yeah like likely the same player um but uh and a larger player at that for", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00480-00290768-00291384": "sure so yeah i would agree with you on that okay cool so um yeah that's the way i look at", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00481-00291464-00291888": "so i i think one of the mistakes i used to make early on is i wouldn't look bad", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00482-00291968-00292344": "so a lot of times if there's nothing here a lot of folks will just tune that out", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00483-00292344-00292984": "i think it's really important to look back at what has transcri you know so um transpired so", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00484-00293072-00293592": "as i'm interpreting this you're right if if this were to disappear it's amazing", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00485-00293592-00294232": "how often they'll end up here so that i think the previous levels are levels that i sort of", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00486-00294232-00294840": "mentally make note of it's like hopscotch with these guys sometimes which i think is", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00487-00294840-00295136": "kind of what you're saying although you said it a whole lot more intelligently than i did", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00488-00295392-00296080": "no i mean you i mean i've been looking at this program for years but uh it's just um the currency", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00489-00296080-00296856": "is definitely they're they're different um and uh you know i i would just um wondered about", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00490-00296856-00297408": "your insights on the on the currency features because of uh your your background and experience", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00491-00297520-00298296": "the closer i am to a double zero or a 50 i feel a whole lot more confident um it's at", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00492-00298296-00298960": "32 that i'm not as happy it's at you know 65 that i'm not as i want to see those those double zeros", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00493-00298960-00299576": "in those 50s are very powerful i have found in in currency trading 4x specifically you know so", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00494-00299672-00300208": "if the 6a is a reflection of what's happening in the australian dollar versus us dollar", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00495-00300208-00300720": "so a lot of times i'll look at what's happening there as well but the same psychological levels", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00496-00300720-00301384": "to me um apply you know for sure for sure okay so that's that's what i found if i can gravitate", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00497-00301384-00301872": "towards those psychological levels i have a whole lot more confidence that while they may step off", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00498-00301872-00302624": "i'm probably within you know a handful of ticks of where they want to build their position yeah", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00499-00302624-00303184": "interesting you can see now that guy did exactly what you said from 10 dropped it back down to 06.", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00500-00303352-00303904": "yeah it's just it's just i i remember uh looking at like hopscotch you know so he's going to", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00501-00303904-00304368": "jump from here to here and you can kind of see that in the past you were you pointed this out", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00502-00304368-00305016": "that that this so when when the from here to here that's one little jump did it again here and then", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00503-00305016-00305608": "now he's doing it here yeah i i hear you i think you pointed it out so i'm just i'm just i'm just", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00504-00305608-00306128": "surfing your wave there my friend i think you nailed it um well you know another another thing", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00505-00306128-00306600": "like um you covered this in the last webinar you did which was it was just excellent and uh", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00506-00306664-00307232": "uh i think it's so important probably i mean in in you know my personal opinion um", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00507-00307312-00307896": "uh such an important element but also probably one of the best kind of indicators that you can use is", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00508-00307952-00308624": "uh correlation to the us dollar or uh you know maybe bonds or something like this but um your", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00509-00308624-00309136": "correlations with the with the dollar uh euro dollar last time and and the yen as well were", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00510-00309136-00309840": "just excellent uh do you use that in your trading um like like today you know i realize it's been", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00511-00309840-00310488": "a long time since i think i've presented bruce so since then wow so since then and it's all going to", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00512-00310488-00311000": "depend on central bank activity right now in the reflection macroeconomic stage are in right now i", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00513-00311000-00311440": "typically am very bearish dollars so i'm going to be bullish things like copper i'm going to bullish", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00514-00311440-00311960": "things like crude i mean we're in a reflation trade grains have been in fuego on long meats", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00515-00312104-00312848": "so in many ways i think we're just seeing the sort of move into commodities i think", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00516-00312848-00313304": "we're still at the pretty not maybe at the base of that move higher but we're still on the climb and", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00517-00313304-00313992": "commodities and and in that reflation trade the the the inverse relationship between that dollar", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00518-00313992-00314536": "weakness and the commodities moving higher that reflation trade uh gets me interpreting what's", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00519-00314536-00314968": "happening in currencies differently since most currencies are traded against the dollar so we're", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00520-00314968-00315384": "never trading australian dollar futures gang we're always trading aussie versus something", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00521-00315384-00315960": "we're never just trading euro it's euro versus something so the versus something is usually", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00522-00315960-00316688": "the dollar and i'm very bearish dollars so i'm very bullish aussie because of the deflation", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00523-00316688-00317160": "trade incumbent commodity currencies are going to benefit from that so if i'm bullish stocks and if", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00524-00317160-00318088": "i'm bullish metals you know remember australia is a huge exporter of aluminum and iron ore they're i", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00525-00318088-00318776": "believe the third largest digger of gold so it's hard to want to bet against these comm dolls and", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00526-00318776-00319336": "then you've got canada energies have been flying so again canada exports lumber which i think is", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00527-00319336-00319808": "right now the relative outperformer amongst all commodities so you know i'm bullish canadian", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00528-00319808-00320368": "dollar so i'm still very bearish us dollar i'm bullish those particular currencies so i think", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00529-00320368-00320992": "since we spoke last we're now in this reflation environment and so i'm quite bearish the greenback", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00530-00321200-00321960": "okay excellent very cool uh let me tackle a few more questions here before our time is", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00531-00321960-00322776": "up um do i place a stop when i enter trades if so so um thomas so you could use the", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00532-00322776-00323384": "support levels just below uh well so for for example i'm going to go back to the chart here", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00533-00323520-00324176": "just like i pinpointed a level that i thought would be support in the es a lot of that was", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00534-00324176-00324832": "based on the 21 exponential moving average and the 34 ema high close low so typically my stop will be", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00535-00324832-00325648": "on the other side of that red moving average which is the 34 ema on the low but actually just below", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00536-00325648-00326216": "that i would probably consider a volume weighted average price re-entry i don't mind taking small", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00537-00326216-00326776": "paper cuts um along the way and i think one thing that i omitted from a conversation because i mean", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00538-00326776-00327248": "there's just so much brain dumping i can do in an hour but i have an overall bullish directional", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00539-00327248-00327728": "bias i'm not interested in shorts you know i don't i don't believe that fading powell yesterday", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00540-00327728-00328288": "was the was the move i think the better path of least resistance is to wait for those nice divots", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00541-00328288-00328800": "in the market those nice pullbacks wait for your pitch wait for those lower lows and buy from there", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00542-00328800-00329640": "even though we bought initially a breakout high and then took a small pullback by i want to only", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00543-00329640-00330224": "be a buyer so if you notice i never talked about short i stuck only with long positions so in", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00544-00330224-00330856": "that most recent conversation we had where that 75 and three quarters down to 73 zone", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00545-00330856-00331360": "um my stock would be below the bottom of that buy zone you know it might be a half a point it might", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00546-00331360-00332256": "be a quarter point but my stop would generally be below that and and i think that um i i always", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00547-00332256-00332968": "hesitate to say this but again in transparency i'm not a big fan of placing my stop in the market", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00548-00332968-00333384": "i want i like to place alerts i like to be aware of what's happening especially if i'm day trading", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00549-00333488-00333920": "you know set it and forget it day trading doesn't work you've got to monitor it to a certain degree", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00550-00333920-00334344": "i'm only trading day trading for two hours every morning so i don't think that's a", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00551-00334344-00335024": "a very high tasking thing to have 120 minutes of focus between my price charts and my bookmap is", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00552-00335024-00335952": "not overly demanding but um i think that i like to put my limit orders for entries and limit orders", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00553-00335952-00336536": "for exits so i love conditional orders but i will not place to stop i will see the way in which we", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00554-00336536-00337168": "get there am i getting small book map bubbles and is it just a wick uh you know what's happening", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00555-00337168-00337640": "today you know in the case of powell so there's things i like to assess which means i also have a", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00556-00337640-00338440": "slightly higher risk tolerance but um that may not be applicable and and right for everybody but i i", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00557-00338512-00339016": "will typically place my stop below the validity of the buy zone but when i say place my stop it's not", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00558-00339016-00339440": "physically in the market it's an alert typically or i'm watching it or you know i've written it", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00559-00339440-00340032": "down on my on my pad and that's another thing even though i'm tracking bookmap and all that stuff", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00560-00340032-00340624": "right you know be an active note taker in the market be an active you know take notes take", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00561-00340624-00341160": "screenshots uh i i believe in and being very active you know i see some day traders sort of", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00562-00341160-00341792": "kick back and be active in your maybe not your trading but in your in in your your you know", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00563-00341792-00342264": "taking in everything the market's telling you take lots of notes take lots of screenshots and taking", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00564-00342264-00342784": "a screenshot on bookmap is ridiculously simple and that function is so easy i recommend doing it", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00565-00342968-00343744": "uh let's see here yeah actually if i if i can override for just a second here um you mentioned", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00566-00343744-00344312": "something very curious so um your the way that you are trading um uh your trading style is you", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00567-00344312-00344856": "are looking at the bigger picture uh and then your day trading oh and you're you're also in", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00568-00344856-00345368": "you know taking larger longer term positions but then your day trading is always within", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00569-00345368-00346024": "one direction that's correct okay all right so if you see something set up a nice setup", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00570-00346024-00346632": "going you know the opposite direction uh you you would not take that so even see all these levels", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00571-00346632-00347112": "to the upside in my mind those are all potential targets for longs i will not short this market", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00572-00347112-00347680": "now are there days that i'll wake up and say okay i'm in a bearish directional bias yes but that", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00573-00347680-00348328": "happens very seldom because if i if i step back and i look at the overall direction of this market", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00574-00348424-00349040": "the lower probability side of the market to me are the shorts even you know you can look at on monday", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00575-00349120-00349728": "i had two i had three trades set up two that i took they were all buys and and s p was one of", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00576-00349728-00350360": "them nice winner yesterday i think late afternoon folks who waited for sort of the post powell", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00577-00350360-00351016": "capitulation great buy so you know a lot of times people say well won't you get stopped out on down", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00578-00351016-00351456": "days absolutely that's a function of it but i think folks who are going both ways through all", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00579-00351456-00351952": "of this missed out on the commitment you get when you're playing with the larger trend so my daily", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00580-00351952-00352576": "time frame has a huge influence on the way in which i'm looking for setups and i've been bullish", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00581-00352576-00353216": "only since november three i have not put a single day trade short on since the 3rd of november", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00582-00353392-00354048": "wow that's excellent thank you very much my pleasure my pleasure all right anything else i", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00583-00354048-00354472": "can cover for you guys i don't want to keep you i know that a lot of you are actively in the market", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00584-00354472-00355168": "as i am but was there were there any questions that i did not address uh oh the iceberg tim um", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00585-00355240-00355744": "yeah i do use the iceberg like i said what i did and bruce set me up with the iceberg last", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00586-00355744-00356176": "what was it september or august of last year i can't remember bruce you set me up with that", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00587-00356176-00356792": "so so tim what i did and i'm a fan of it for sure but what i decided to do for better for", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00588-00356792-00357304": "worse and to make sure everybody felt like this is something that's accessible and usable on day one", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00589-00357304-00357768": "as i went with the default settings right i didn't want to throw too many bells and whistles on here", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00590-00357768-00358280": "to intimidate or discourage folks who are just getting started so i kind of had in my mind a", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00591-00358280-00358960": "really good act live discussion using using sort of the baseline of where you could start and build", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00592-00358960-00359592": "with bookmap because i know a lot of you have access to very sophisticated bookmap um users", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00593-00359592-00360080": "i've seen some of the past webinars so i thought you know what let me let me speak to someone who's", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00594-00360080-00360496": "been with bookmap for less than a month or three months and is still trying to find their footing", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00595-00360592-00361088": "and then can grow from there because i think if you can get this foundation down yes you add", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00596-00361088-00361600": "something like the iceberg i mean you're going to feel like you've got x-ray vision i totally agree", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00597-00361872-00362456": "okay like um people are asking about recordings yes they'll be up on our youtube channel um", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00598-00362512-00363128": "later today in a few hours in fact uh look for it it'll be in the pro trader webinars uh you know uh", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00599-00363128-00363792": "playlist there uh and uh um people are asking uh you raggy about your uh if you have a trading room", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00600-00363792-00364352": "etc so i've been putting your contact information in the chat uh you have you should have basically", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00601-00364352-00364816": "everything in there but maybe you wanted to mention something uh about that sure sure um", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00602-00364896-00365448": "so you can find all my services at simpler trading um i'm in a simpler futures room and then some of", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00603-00365448-00365920": "you that might so i like some longer term setups i'm in something called sector secrets which is", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00604-00365920-00366744": "more of my options uh trading longer term daily time frame uh by the way bookmap is if i'm if some", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00605-00366744-00367144": "folks ask rob would you still look at bookmap when you're putting in a longer term trade in apple", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00606-00367144-00367536": "yeah if i'm trying to figure out where i want to liquidate or put a bid in", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00607-00367536-00368224": "on a on an option i think every trader would be benefited from the type of a of acute", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00608-00368224-00368856": "entry or order execution that a day trader has to have but when you have that ability even to apply", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00609-00368856-00369240": "that to longer term time frames you're just going to be better at order entry and if there's any", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00610-00369240-00369848": "skill that i find that's lacking in folks who are not avid watchers of volume and respecting of size", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00611-00369848-00370472": "their order entry is awful and i mean that not to put anybody down but it just it's something", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00612-00370472-00370960": "so lacking in our industry where people just get so consumed with the charts and and the", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00613-00370960-00371384": "price and they forget that order entry has a lot to do with size and understanding size so i think", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00614-00371464-00371824": "even for your longer term setups bookmaps just going to make you a better", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00615-00371896-00372664": "order um executor of your trade so um but so those are the two services simpler futures", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00616-00372664-00373096": "sector secrets mastery they're all available at simplertrading.com and then i do have a free", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00617-00373096-00373640": "newsletter it's at thecountdowntrader.com so if you are interested in some of the conversations", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00618-00373640-00374152": "we had about copper and crude oil the macro discussion some of my discussions about trends", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00619-00374152-00374592": "that's free you can just go check that out at countdowntrader.com so hope all that", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00620-00374592-00375016": "helps and gives you somewhere to to pivot from as we wind have to wind down today", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00621-00375288-00375960": "okay excellent so um there were still some other questions in here um and um uh guys i", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00622-00375960-00376416": "think we're gonna have to have to leave it uh at that i'm sorry if we didn't get to your questions", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00623-00376416-00377112": "um i i can i can copy them and send them on to raggy uh if if you like raggy uh okay", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00624-00377224-00377856": "and um and plus you guys have her contact information oh yeah i saw that the after hours", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00625-00377856-00378384": "thomas yeah i'm sorry i just scrolled down so after hours not often and if i do it's after 8 pm", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00626-00378472-00379000": "um and then some of the other questions i think gang if you watch the replay as far as bubbles", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00627-00379000-00379800": "sizes relative size i think you'll see that in the um in the replay and then do i care what the color", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00628-00379800-00380384": "of the bubble is at that level actually i don't i'm not as concerned about i'm i'm more concerned", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00629-00380384-00380816": "i think in the beginning focus on the size of the bubble and then transition into those um", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00630-00380872-00381248": "first what's the name of those pie chart bubbles because that's what i usually have on what is that", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00631-00381248-00381904": "one called that's just total volume okay so so i mean basically we it it's a pie chart because so", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00632-00381904-00382576": "many transactions happen so quickly or in a small area that we have to give kind of an overall so i", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00633-00382576-00383128": "don't recommend starting there i'll just say focus on the size and then you can like i said go into", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00634-00383128-00383688": "that pie chart looking bubble to get a feel for the the buys and sells that you know buys versus", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00635-00383688-00384344": "sellers at that level but um this was designed to be really a good basic look if you never went", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00636-00384344-00384888": "beyond this i really believe you'd be fine but if you can build on top of this you're just going to", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00637-00384888-00385360": "understand size and behavior at a much better level so i hope at least i accomplished that", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00638-00385360-00385928": "and i really appreciate the questions um as far as some of the questions about the other platform", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00639-00385928-00386248": "that i was using yeah i'm not going to get into that here again i just want to stay focused on", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00640-00386248-00386744": "the bookmap but yes i do use thinkorswim charts tradestation charts as well as trading view", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00641-00387040-00387704": "okay um we'll uh let's uh we'll wrap it up here uh uh thank you so much raggy it is", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00642-00387704-00388112": "always always a pleasure having you it's been it's been a while we're very very happy that", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00643-00388112-00388664": "we had you back uh and uh and look forward to it uh uh you know another time as well", "l0Q3Bx97Dwo-00644-00388880-00389384": "okay thanks everybody and uh we'll catch up another time take care be good to each other"}}, {"audio_id": "l16NvfP41R0", "text": {"l16NvfP41R0-00000-00000200-00000382": "Hey! I am Jeff Oliver and...", "l16NvfP41R0-00001-00000394-00000846": "This is Vainglory for those that don't know", "l16NvfP41R0-00002-00000846-00001094": "This game is in our server, on SA server", "l16NvfP41R0-00003-00001152-00001428": "For something like 3 to 4 years", "l16NvfP41R0-00004-00001428-00001610": "And during all this time", "l16NvfP41R0-00005-00001610-00002004": "I was side by side working a lot to make our server grow", "l16NvfP41R0-00006-00002016-00002262": "and make Vainglory recognized", "l16NvfP41R0-00007-00002287-00002407": "When I met Vainglory", "l16NvfP41R0-00008-00002439-00002674": "I saw a great future for it", "l16NvfP41R0-00009-00002674-00002864": "I saw a promising game", "l16NvfP41R0-00010-00002864-00003104": "That would conquer a lot of things", "l16NvfP41R0-00011-00003104-00003384": "That already had quality for that", "l16NvfP41R0-00012-00003414-00003758": "And was just a matter of time for Brazil", "l16NvfP41R0-00013-00003779-00004162": "Latin America and the world know this magnificent game", "l16NvfP41R0-00014-00004176-00004428": "And after that I started to dedicate myself", "l16NvfP41R0-00015-00004428-00004658": "Dedicate my hours, my days", "l16NvfP41R0-00016-00004674-00005002": "There are more than 600 videos here in my channel of Vainglory", "l16NvfP41R0-00017-00005064-00005482": "There was a lot of special moments, a lot of troubles", "l16NvfP41R0-00018-00005542-00005794": "More or less a year and a half ago", "l16NvfP41R0-00019-00005794-00005918": "I made a video entitled", "l16NvfP41R0-00020-00005962-00006188": "\"The End Of Vainglory\"", "l16NvfP41R0-00021-00006244-00006842": "That title was not talking about what was happening in that moment, that period", "l16NvfP41R0-00022-00006842-00007006": "In the past", "l16NvfP41R0-00023-00007016-00007272": "But it was something like a prediction", "l16NvfP41R0-00024-00007272-00007550": "A warning about what could happen", "l16NvfP41R0-00025-00007550-00007824": "If the things didn't change", "l16NvfP41R0-00026-00007824-00008114": "In the video I talked about the marketing in Brazil", "l16NvfP41R0-00027-00008114-00008316": "About marketing in Latin America", "l16NvfP41R0-00028-00008316-00008574": "About the divulgation of the game here", "l16NvfP41R0-00029-00008578-00009028": "That I always thought that really was weak", "l16NvfP41R0-00030-00009028-00009646": "This is the best word to use for talking about SEMC's marketing", "l16NvfP41R0-00031-00009664-00010132": "When I say that the marketing is weak I don't talk about the professionals themselves", "l16NvfP41R0-00032-00010148-00010498": "But the marketing in our server", "l16NvfP41R0-00033-00010518-00011474": "I know that marketing in Asia, with no doubt, probably, certainly is a lot than here in Brazil, here in SA", "l16NvfP41R0-00034-00011484-00011710": "But that was always a problem", "l16NvfP41R0-00035-00011728-00011956": "It doesn't matter if you have the best content in the world", "l16NvfP41R0-00036-00011978-00012576": "If you don't show that content to the world, it will never be known", "l16NvfP41R0-00037-00012592-00012758": "And in this video (\"The End Of Vainglory\")", "l16NvfP41R0-00038-00012788-00012936": "I've showed my opinion", "l16NvfP41R0-00039-00012956-00013382": "I said that SEMC should invest in publicity here in Brazil", "l16NvfP41R0-00040-00013390-00013644": "In a right way, not the wrong way", "l16NvfP41R0-00041-00013656-00014024": "Paying some Clash Royale youtuber, or League of Legends youtuber", "l16NvfP41R0-00042-00014036-00014732": "Nothing against those professionals, but pay them to play against AI is not the best marketing option", "l16NvfP41R0-00043-00014752-00015088": "To conquer the public here", "l16NvfP41R0-00044-00015091-00015260": "Conquer players for our server", "l16NvfP41R0-00045-00015274-00015578": "For our beloved and dear Vainglory", "l16NvfP41R0-00046-00015602-00016072": "When I made that video a lot of people agreed with what I was talking", "l16NvfP41R0-00047-00016074-00016424": "They had that vision that this was really necessary", "l16NvfP41R0-00048-00016434-00016638": "and some other changes", "l16NvfP41R0-00049-00016650-00016906": "To make the players stay here", "l16NvfP41R0-00050-00016932-00017232": "Motivate them. It was necessary those changes", "l16NvfP41R0-00051-00017252-00017446": "For that doesn't happen", "l16NvfP41R0-00052-00017478-00017802": "However a lot of people got me wrong", "l16NvfP41R0-00053-00017820-00018200": "Or just read the title and said: \"it's a click bait\"", "l16NvfP41R0-00054-00018242-00018446": "Jeff Oliver don't know what he's saying", "l16NvfP41R0-00055-00018486-00018736": "This guy is a sucker, an idiot", "l16NvfP41R0-00056-00018736-00018964": "I was so humiliated, offended", "l16NvfP41R0-00057-00019000-00019168": "And just a few heard me", "l16NvfP41R0-00058-00019184-00019510": "Even SEMC itself, the company itself", "l16NvfP41R0-00059-00019532-00020134": "Used as form to respond this video of mine... humiliation", "l16NvfP41R0-00060-00020204-00020660": "I was humiliated by SEMC itself, with the answers tha her gave to the players", "l16NvfP41R0-00061-00020660-00020920": "When the players asked if the game was going to end", "l16NvfP41R0-00062-00020956-00021260": "Their responses were humiliating my work", "l16NvfP41R0-00063-00021280-00021368": "The Company itself (SEMC)", "l16NvfP41R0-00064-00021390-00021652": "A company that should be professional", "l16NvfP41R0-00065-00021654-00022062": "To the level of knowing how to treat the situation the right way", "l16NvfP41R0-00066-00022082-00022508": "At least have the capacity to ask a worker that know portuguese language", "l16NvfP41R0-00067-00022522-00022906": "To listen, watch the video", "l16NvfP41R0-00068-00022928-00023326": "Know about what I was talking and answer better than the e-mail I received", "l16NvfP41R0-00069-00023340-00023852": "That I didn't forget the words used by SEMC", "l16NvfP41R0-00070-00023868-00024138": "When I say SEMC is the one responsible for that e-mail", "l16NvfP41R0-00071-00024138-00024580": "But as professional of the company said to me", "l16NvfP41R0-00072-00024580-00025032": "\"When you talnk about SEMC, you talk about myself, because I am the SEMC\"", "l16NvfP41R0-00073-00025034-00025777": "Then any attitude taken by  any professional there, it is for the SEMC, the company in general", "l16NvfP41R0-00074-00025783-00026248": "And not that professional, that intern or whatever", "l16NvfP41R0-00075-00026277-00026489": "And look what is happening today", "l16NvfP41R0-00076-00026506-00026900": "After all the stones launcher in that past time", "l16NvfP41R0-00077-00026926-00027280": "Today is fact: Vainglory is dying!", "l16NvfP41R0-00078-00027376-00027527": "And if keep going like this", "l16NvfP41R0-00079-00027565-00027800": "Probably the game will end", "l16NvfP41R0-00080-00027800-00027925": "At least in our server", "l16NvfP41R0-00081-00027960-00028222": "In terms of one year more or less", "l16NvfP41R0-00082-00028226-00028452": "The will not be in our server anymore", "l16NvfP41R0-00083-00028500-00028900": "Because money is needed to maintain a server here", "l16NvfP41R0-00084-00028916-00029242": "To maintain a server here in SA it requires a lot of money involved", "l16NvfP41R0-00085-00029277-00029562": "And if there is no return, if there is no players", "l16NvfP41R0-00086-00029564-00029736": "Unfortunately this game will end", "l16NvfP41R0-00087-00029764-00029976": "I don't say it out of my mouth", "l16NvfP41R0-00088-00029995-00030266": "I am a veteran player of a lot of more other games", "l16NvfP41R0-00089-00030295-00030952": "I have always played games, I love games, and I saw a lot of other collapse because of that same reason", "l16NvfP41R0-00090-00030995-00031442": "As was the case of the game \"The Duel\" that was another game that I played for a long time", "l16NvfP41R0-00091-00031452-00031689": "Unfortunately it ended up going broke", "l16NvfP41R0-00092-00031689-00032142": "Even it was an excellent game, it broke", "l16NvfP41R0-00093-00032145-00032408": "And the servers were discontinued", "l16NvfP41R0-00094-00032408-00032772": "The server SA, with no doubt, is forgotten", "l16NvfP41R0-00095-00032784-00033418": "SEMC practically forget that exists the server in South America", "l16NvfP41R0-00096-00033444-00033756": "But not only South America, but North America too", "l16NvfP41R0-00097-00033758-00033984": "The biggest youtuber of the world", "l16NvfP41R0-00098-00033994-00034708": "Posted a video recentily, including I was talking with our sponsors in our whatsapp group about that", "l16NvfP41R0-00099-00034714-00035164": "We were sharing informations and opinions about that topic", "l16NvfP41R0-00100-00035174-00035412": "And in the same moment we were talking about that", "l16NvfP41R0-00101-00035480-00035938": "That youtuber made a video, posted the video, that I will put a link in the description", "l16NvfP41R0-00102-00036012-00036330": "And he talked about everything that I was already talking", "l16NvfP41R0-00103-00036334-00036864": "And he showed that it is not only the SA server that is with that problem", "l16NvfP41R0-00104-00036872-00037208": "NA server too, the NA server is forgotten as well", "l16NvfP41R0-00105-00037216-00037684": "And only with the Asian people we see some focus", "l16NvfP41R0-00106-00037696-00038150": "Only the Asian server is with attention, with investment", "l16NvfP41R0-00107-00038150-00038422": "When I say that is being forgotten", "l16NvfP41R0-00108-00038464-00038670": "But in the end, forgotten how?", "l16NvfP41R0-00109-00038728-00039254": "When I say, being forgotten folks, I say about championships here in Brazil", "l16NvfP41R0-00110-00039276-00039422": "Official Championships", "l16NvfP41R0-00111-00039454-00039798": "Investments on players, content producers too", "l16NvfP41R0-00112-00039804-00040576": "That are, with no doubt, like this channel here that is the biggest Vainglory channel in Latin America, within the SA server", "l16NvfP41R0-00113-00040614-00040884": "Investment in publicity as well", "l16NvfP41R0-00114-00040910-00041166": "Channels, youtubers, streamers", "l16NvfP41R0-00115-00041196-00041604": "Have an important role in every game, every community", "l16NvfP41R0-00116-00041634-00041888": "They are the ones that gather more players", "l16NvfP41R0-00117-00041914-00042150": "And keep the old ones", "l16NvfP41R0-00118-00042168-00042846": "Update the players, share knowledge, share jokes and plays. Content production is something really important", "l16NvfP41R0-00119-00042846-00043048": "And deserve attetion", "l16NvfP41R0-00120-00043058-00043244": "The players deserve attention", "l16NvfP41R0-00121-00043252-00043834": "The actual rank system in Vainglory... is simply... a joke", "l16NvfP41R0-00122-00043878-00044496": "There is no point in level up your rank and the elos are more bugged than ever", "l16NvfP41R0-00123-00044512-00044664": "I have many accounts", "l16NvfP41R0-00124-00044678-00045252": "And in all my secondary accounts I have played just one match in 5V5", "l16NvfP41R0-00125-00045308-00045914": "And in one match, I went from 0 beggining, I didn't have played one single match in 5V5 before", "l16NvfP41R0-00126-00045914-00046234": "In one single match I went to rank 9 silver", "l16NvfP41R0-00127-00046276-00046640": "And the account still with rank 9 silver", "l16NvfP41R0-00128-00046650-00047244": "This is demotivating for some that didn't have their account bugged and want to grow in ranks", "l16NvfP41R0-00129-00047246-00047622": "When I saw that the system was bugged and I played on the account and was like that", "l16NvfP41R0-00130-00047622-00048072": "I simply didn't streamed, didn't played until the bugs stopped", "l16NvfP41R0-00131-00048076-00048316": "However many account are still bugged", "l16NvfP41R0-00132-00048318-00048802": "And today we don't have the motivation to conquer higher ranks", "l16NvfP41R0-00133-00048802-00049088": "In the end what is the point of the Vainglorious?", "l16NvfP41R0-00134-00049090-00049552": "Just for you to screenshot and post in the social media", "l16NvfP41R0-00135-00049552-00050014": "Boasting yourself, saying that you are the best, or not, just thanking your friend", "l16NvfP41R0-00136-00050018-00050408": "But in some point of view you are showing that you are better than other people", "l16NvfP41R0-00137-00050414-00050536": "Just for ego", "l16NvfP41R0-00138-00050544-00050898": "I don't think this is the intention of the rank", "l16NvfP41R0-00139-00050916-00051126": "It would be better if SEMC put some goals", "l16NvfP41R0-00140-00051162-00051278": "Some marks", "l16NvfP41R0-00141-00051304-00051596": "Rewards for those who acquire a rank", "l16NvfP41R0-00142-00051596-00051705": "I have always told", "l16NvfP41R0-00143-00051705-00052038": "I keep telling one of my suggestions for SEMC is", "l16NvfP41R0-00144-00052038-00052362": "Put some rewards in the seasons", "l16NvfP41R0-00145-00052362-00052665": "Do you remember the winter special edition skins?", "l16NvfP41R0-00146-00052692-00052992": "The summer special edition, for example, we had a Kestrel's special skin", "l16NvfP41R0-00147-00052992-00053294": "Krull's, surfist Krull", "l16NvfP41R0-00148-00053294-00053479": "And Saw that was Summer Party Saw", "l16NvfP41R0-00149-00053496-00053816": "Have you wondered if they took those skins", "l16NvfP41R0-00150-00053846-00054167": "And placed them like rewards for the summer season", "l16NvfP41R0-00151-00054167-00054481": "Or if every season summer, winter, fall", "l16NvfP41R0-00152-00054482-00054784": "They create some  unique skins", "l16NvfP41R0-00153-00054784-00055058": "That would onlye be acquired in some form", "l16NvfP41R0-00154-00055058-00055342": "In that period, those who acquire rank 8", "l16NvfP41R0-00155-00055342-00055666": "Would have a rare skin, those who acquire rank 9", "l16NvfP41R0-00156-00055666-00055949": "Would have a epic skin, and the ones", "l16NvfP41R0-00157-00055950-00056272": "That conquerors and deservers for the Vainglorious", "l16NvfP41R0-00158-00056272-00056788": "Would acquire a legendary skin that would never be sold or acquired again", "l16NvfP41R0-00159-00056788-00057044": "This is a form to motivate the players", "l16NvfP41R0-00160-00057044-00057279": "And those things don't happen unfortunately", "l16NvfP41R0-00161-00057279-00057626": "We have a server that don't have championships, don't have interaction", "l16NvfP41R0-00162-00057640-00058058": "The only professional that we have in our server is a GM", "l16NvfP41R0-00163-00058058-00058500": "That, sorry if I offended you in some way", "l16NvfP41R0-00164-00058512-00058791": "But unfortunately you are not the professional", "l16NvfP41R0-00165-00058791-00058924": "That the SA needs", "l16NvfP41R0-00166-00058924-00059250": "SEMC needs a GM that really lives the game", "l16NvfP41R0-00167-00059250-00059678": "A GM that dedicate his own live to it. That seeks to make SA grow", "l16NvfP41R0-00168-00059678-00059979": "By the time when GODS was the GM here in Brazil", "l16NvfP41R0-00169-00060026-00060276": "The server grew more than never", "l16NvfP41R0-00170-00060284-00060717": "The Vainglory grew here more than never, with no doubt", "l16NvfP41R0-00171-00060726-00061166": "Principally in the first year, the first period of GM Gods", "l16NvfP41R0-00172-00061166-00061466": "Gods made champsionships, Gods made streams", "l16NvfP41R0-00173-00061466-00061894": "Gods made it happen, Gods kept the social media updated", "l16NvfP41R0-00174-00061910-00062338": "The in-game news were updated always", "l16NvfP41R0-00175-00062338-00062633": "He became involved with the community, partcipating in groups", "l16NvfP41R0-00176-00062633-00062738": "Always was present", "l16NvfP41R0-00177-00062856-00063144": "And this made the public, the players", "l16NvfP41R0-00178-00063144-00063441": "Charging the same thing", "l16NvfP41R0-00179-00063441-00063804": "From the actual manager of Vainglory that is terrible", "l16NvfP41R0-00180-00063814-00064464": "When we have some new content it takes hours, sometimes days to update even the social media", "l16NvfP41R0-00181-00064479-00065316": "Sometimes when a new skin is revealed in the main page of Vainglory and only in the other day we get the information here in Brazil", "l16NvfP41R0-00182-00065316-00065544": "Or 5 to 6 hours after the official announcement", "l16NvfP41R0-00183-00065610-00065882": "There was a day when I spoke to the GM here in Brazil via whatsapp", "l16NvfP41R0-00184-00065882-00066222": "And asked if he was in need of some help to update the page", "l16NvfP41R0-00185-00066256-00066537": "He told me that was his work and he didn't needed any help with that", "l16NvfP41R0-00186-00066537-00066837": "And I said: man, the delay is too big and it's not cool", "l16NvfP41R0-00187-00066838-00067262": "It is nice to always publish in the right moment that you receive the information", "l16NvfP41R0-00188-00067266-00067585": "Keep up to date with the things. In many cases when we got some news", "l16NvfP41R0-00189-00067586-00067930": "I produced, recorded the video, edited, rendered", "l16NvfP41R0-00190-00067932-00068242": "Made the upload and kept all things done and programmed for you", "l16NvfP41R0-00191-00068250-00068674": "And this video was live on youtube even before he could make a post on facebook", "l16NvfP41R0-00192-00068682-00068914": "Unfortunately the manager here in SA", "l16NvfP41R0-00193-00068956-00069446": "Represents what SEMC does for our server... Nothing", "l16NvfP41R0-00194-00069456-00069826": "in last December we had the Vainglory Worlds Champsionship", "l16NvfP41R0-00195-00069826-00070126": "It would be announced 5V5, it was announced 5V5", "l16NvfP41R0-00196-00070126-00070472": "SEMC was betting on it, but all started going wrong", "l16NvfP41R0-00197-00070494-00070817": "The Championship was a shame, everything gone wrong", "l16NvfP41R0-00198-00070817-00071111": "Excuse me, but Desafio Vainglory", "l16NvfP41R0-00199-00071111-00071409": "Was more organized than that, all the streams were delayed", "l16NvfP41R0-00200-00071409-00071676": "All the matches were delayed", "l16NvfP41R0-00201-00071676-00071989": "Marked to happen around 0am, but started at 4am", "l16NvfP41R0-00202-00071989-00072248": "3am, all the matches were delayed", "l16NvfP41R0-00203-00072248-00072572": "During the stream happened lots of technical problems", "l16NvfP41R0-00204-00072572-00072799": "I know that problems happen", "l16NvfP41R0-00205-00072830-00073132": "But there was dozens of professional people", "l16NvfP41R0-00206-00073132-00073435": "Lots of money invested and mistakes", "l16NvfP41R0-00207-00073435-00073739": "Cannot happen. Desafio Vainglory was organized", "l16NvfP41R0-00208-00073739-00074012": "And made only by me", "l16NvfP41R0-00209-00074012-00074311": "Only one single person. I contacted them about", "l16NvfP41R0-00210-00074312-00074509": "Desafio Vainglory Season 2", "l16NvfP41R0-00211-00074510-00074824": "The SA server don't have high level competitions, well organized competitions", "l16NvfP41R0-00212-00074824-00075130": "I wanted to bring it on, SA deserves it", "l16NvfP41R0-00213-00075130-00075426": "It don't deserve bad competitions, bad organized with bad art and narration", "l16NvfP41R0-00214-00075448-00075930": "Bad management, need good competitions", "l16NvfP41R0-00215-00075930-00076235": "And I wanted to bring Desafio Vainglory Season 2", "l16NvfP41R0-00216-00076235-00076480": "And I can't unfortunately", "l16NvfP41R0-00217-00076480-00076757": "Because SEMC refused, my only demand", "l16NvfP41R0-00218-00076757-00077063": "For making Deasfio Vainglory happens is to not have", "l16NvfP41R0-00219-00077063-00077369": "discuss anything with the GM here in Brazil", "l16NvfP41R0-00220-00077369-00077643": "This was my only demand. But look folks", "l16NvfP41R0-00221-00077643-00077949": "SEMC refused, they wanted me to solve this", "l16NvfP41R0-00222-00077949-00078256": "With the actual GM. And for me the Desafio Vainglory", "l16NvfP41R0-00223-00078256-00078560": "Is something too much serious and needs to be done the right way", "l16NvfP41R0-00224-00078560-00078906": "And not what happened in the Season 1, in my part everything went just fine", "l16NvfP41R0-00225-00078906-00079239": "However I asked for the GM to make some divulgation", "l16NvfP41R0-00226-00079239-00079513": "The streams hours, put it in the in-game news", "l16NvfP41R0-00227-00079513-00079806": "And he did nothing. And see he puts onlye the first day", "l16NvfP41R0-00228-00079806-00080062": "And even with that the link was wrong", "l16NvfP41R0-00229-00080113-00080411": "This is a joke! And this wrong link remained there", "l16NvfP41R0-00230-00080411-00080521": "For one week after", "l16NvfP41R0-00231-00080620-00080826": "Only the banner was there", "l16NvfP41R0-00232-00080826-00081204": "not even the posts on facebook's page the help was 0", "l16NvfP41R0-00233-00081204-00081528": "The lack of professionalism of this guys is absurd", "l16NvfP41R0-00234-00081528-00081848": "The lack of professionalism of that guy is so big", "l16NvfP41R0-00235-00081848-00082228": "That the first prize of the competition was 14.000 ICE", "l16NvfP41R0-00236-00082238-00082504": "And I needed to split it and I sent to him", "l16NvfP41R0-00237-00082512-00082928": "The name of the players and the quantity of ICE that every single on would receive", "l16NvfP41R0-00238-00082956-00083292": "This guy is so bad professional that he mistake the numbers", "l16NvfP41R0-00239-00083329-00083565": "For one of the teams that was not the Champion", "l16NvfP41R0-00240-00083600-00083918": "He gave 14.000 ICE for each one of the team players.", "l16NvfP41R0-00241-00083918-00084542": "I will not say what team was, what players were so it don't harm the teams or the players", "l16NvfP41R0-00242-00084542-00085028": "And SEMC retrieve something of them even if I don't think they could something ridiculous like that", "l16NvfP41R0-00243-00085028-00085208": "If it's wrong, it is my friend", "l16NvfP41R0-00244-00085208-00085582": "But is a little revolting to see the team that was Champion", "l16NvfP41R0-00245-00085582-00085920": "Won so little quantity of ICE", "l16NvfP41R0-00246-00085920-00086216": "In relation to the other team that was not Champ. I won't tell the team", "l16NvfP41R0-00247-00086216-00086537": "Or the player, but each one got 14.000 ICE", "l16NvfP41R0-00248-00086537-00086800": "If it was a mistake I don't know", "l16NvfP41R0-00249-00086800-00087083": "I just know that it was like that, too much mistakes", "l16NvfP41R0-00250-00087084-00087434": "Too much problems and for that I didn't want this \"professional\"", "l16NvfP41R0-00251-00087434-00087758": "In quotes, participating for the Season 2 for Desafio Vainglory", "l16NvfP41R0-00252-00087759-00088081": "That is a serious competition that I make a point", "l16NvfP41R0-00253-00088082-00088382": "In gave my own blood, make all things happen, I spent a lot of money", "l16NvfP41R0-00254-00088382-00088632": "In Season 1, I asked for some financial help from SEMC", "l16NvfP41R0-00255-00088634-00088940": "To make all happen and they didn't support me", "l16NvfP41R0-00256-00088956-00089254": "I will not say how much, but it was a quantity", "l16NvfP41R0-00257-00089254-00089551": "But it was a considerable quantity. I invested a lot and the return was 0", "l16NvfP41R0-00258-00089551-00089867": "I didn't have financial return, it was only to make the server", "l16NvfP41R0-00259-00089868-00090194": "grow, to make people dispute, get motivated", "l16NvfP41R0-00260-00090194-00090560": "Make them train  and play and unfortunately, nothing happened", "l16NvfP41R0-00261-00090566-00090766": "Lots of people know how I love this game.", "l16NvfP41R0-00262-00090858-00091328": "It is not a short story, of few months, it  has been years working", "l16NvfP41R0-00263-00091328-00091624": "Producting content, involved with the community", "l16NvfP41R0-00264-00091624-00092044": "Involved in trouble and memes since this is part", "l16NvfP41R0-00265-00092078-00092367": "And I don't want it to end", "l16NvfP41R0-00266-00092367-00092636": "I don't want it to die, I know everything ends someday but I want Vainglory", "l16NvfP41R0-00267-00092650-00092949": "To last for 5 or 10 years at least", "l16NvfP41R0-00268-00092949-00093249": "Then my first sugestion for SEMC is rewards", "l16NvfP41R0-00269-00093257-00093542": "For the season, for those that achieve a specific rank by the end", "l16NvfP41R0-00270-00093542-00093848": "At the end of the season that person will conquer that reward", "l16NvfP41R0-00271-00093848-00094356": "Only skins is awesome, but if you can put some ICE in it would be great as well", "l16NvfP41R0-00272-00094366-00094566": "For skins just by the side of the button buy", "l16NvfP41R0-00273-00094566-00094946": "It has the option to send as gift where you click on it", "l16NvfP41R0-00274-00094946-00095239": "It show the price you pay to send the gift", "l16NvfP41R0-00275-00095239-00095550": "And put a bar where goes the gifted player's nick", "l16NvfP41R0-00276-00095613-00095856": "Put an end to the new system", "l16NvfP41R0-00277-00095897-00096214": "To acquire skins. No one liked it.", "l16NvfP41R0-00278-00096214-00096476": "In the beginning it was good because a lots of people could have", "l16NvfP41R0-00279-00096476-00096773": "The projects because they have a lot of cards", "l16NvfP41R0-00280-00096773-00097080": "However it is almost impossible to acquire a new skin", "l16NvfP41R0-00281-00097080-00097418": "If a skin is launched even with money you can't afford to have that skin", "l16NvfP41R0-00282-00097437-00097759": "For buying with ICE they are not making them avaliable, this is ridiculous", "l16NvfP41R0-00283-00097769-00098067": "You have to put them in sale in the same day", "l16NvfP41R0-00284-00098067-00098322": "Another thing about 5V5, 5V5 became", "l16NvfP41R0-00285-00098341-00098569": "A divisor for the Vainglory public", "l16NvfP41R0-00286-00098669-00098769": "That was terrific!", "l16NvfP41R0-00287-00098806-00099091": "The waiting time for a match became ridiculous and too high to wait for", "l16NvfP41R0-00288-00099092-00099396": "And that I understand because actually Vainglory almost don't have players", "l16NvfP41R0-00289-00099396-00099788": "In our sever and probably NA as well is on the same page that we are", "l16NvfP41R0-00290-00099842-00100008": "Then I recommend that", "l16NvfP41R0-00291-00100050-00100258": "5V5 is beautifull, perfect by the way", "l16NvfP41R0-00292-00100276-00100576": "But 5V5 was designed to be more like other MOBAs", "l16NvfP41R0-00293-00100576-00100876": "Than look like Vainglory itself, put some more root Vainglory", "l16NvfP41R0-00294-00100876-00101062": "Put some elements from 3V3 to 5V5", "l16NvfP41R0-00295-00101082-00101482": "Like Scout Cams, it is not a point that I really like, it is beautiful", "l16NvfP41R0-00296-00101482-00101790": "It is functional, but it is not what Vainglory is", "l16NvfP41R0-00297-00101790-00102064": "The mines are really cool, they have to exist", "l16NvfP41R0-00298-00102064-00102291": "In 5V5 as well", "l16NvfP41R0-00299-00102370-00102582": "5V5 needs that change", "l16NvfP41R0-00300-00102620-00102914": "I ask of you to add the mines again", "l16NvfP41R0-00301-00102965-00103297": "It will be really cool to have mines again, Scout Cams are great", "l16NvfP41R0-00302-00103298-00103572": "It just don't look like Vainglory", "l16NvfP41R0-00303-00103572-00104314": "I don't feel Vainglory, but is not only that is the problem in 5V5, there are lots of things more and the video will be too big", "l16NvfP41R0-00304-00104333-00104544": "The only thing that I ask briefly", "l16NvfP41R0-00305-00104564-00104983": "Make Vainglory 5V5 be more like Vainglory root, Vainglory 3V3", "l16NvfP41R0-00306-00104994-00105364": "That everything is gonna flow, is gonna be right, ok?", "l16NvfP41R0-00307-00105376-00105761": "Another rapid thing is that you restart the Season", "l16NvfP41R0-00308-00105761-00106096": "What I want to say is to restart everyone's rank", "l16NvfP41R0-00309-00106098-00106373": "The rank system is bugged and it is ridiculous", "l16NvfP41R0-00310-00106373-00106667": "It doesn't make sense that players that in the last season", "l16NvfP41R0-00311-00106667-00106968": "Got ranks 6 or 7 in 3V3", "l16NvfP41R0-00312-00106968-00107414": "And in this season is already a Vainglorious Gold in 5V5", "l16NvfP41R0-00313-00107456-00107854": "Vainglorious Gold this is the rank tha only the best", "l16NvfP41R0-00314-00107854-00108124": "Only the best deserve to have", "l16NvfP41R0-00315-00108124-00108427": "I risk to say that only 10 players in the server", "l16NvfP41R0-00316-00108428-00108758": "Should have that Rank. Only 10 players in the server should have that rank", "l16NvfP41R0-00317-00108785-00109114": "It should be something really hard to accomplish", "l16NvfP41R0-00318-00109114-00109371": "That only pro players would accomplish that", "l16NvfP41R0-00319-00109372-00109590": "Vainglorious Gold!", "l16NvfP41R0-00320-00109608-00109848": "It has to be something really difficult", "l16NvfP41R0-00321-00109858-00110209": "And not something that thanks to a bug the guy already have", "l16NvfP41R0-00322-00110209-00110507": "And in the other seasons it will be really easy to take again", "l16NvfP41R0-00323-00110507-00110749": "Since we have a safeport for that", "l16NvfP41R0-00324-00110749-00111054": "In the rank system, since if you get to rank 10", "l16NvfP41R0-00325-00111054-00111304": "In the other seasons you fall 2 ranks", "l16NvfP41R0-00326-00111304-00111507": "And it will be a lot easier to go back to rank 10", "l16NvfP41R0-00327-00111540-00112130": "Last night I went to watch on my tv and always before I click play it appears an advertising", "l16NvfP41R0-00328-00112152-00112414": "And that advertisement was from Arena Of Valor", "l16NvfP41R0-00329-00112470-00112842": "I log into my facebook, advertisement of the Arena Of Valor", "l16NvfP41R0-00330-00112858-00113050": "I play other games!", "l16NvfP41R0-00331-00113057-00113344": "That it isn't Vainglory and Arena Of Valor of course", "l16NvfP41R0-00332-00113344-00113650": "And they have advertisements and oh look Arena Of Valor", "l16NvfP41R0-00333-00113728-00114500": "In the youtube videos of League of Legends, Clash Royale, Vainglory, Arena Of Valor, videos of my own channel", "l16NvfP41R0-00334-00114509-00115144": "Appears advertisement, in that videos, in that advertisements of Arena Of Valor I appear in one them", "l16NvfP41R0-00335-00115164-00115778": "The Arena Of Valor take one of my videos and puts it in the advertisement of the Arena with my name underneath it", "l16NvfP41R0-00336-00115844-00116088": "Look at what they do, they are divulging their content", "l16NvfP41R0-00337-00116088-00116389": "And at the same time divulging my work to the world", "l16NvfP41R0-00338-00116389-00116694": "With marketing and SEMC never did anything like that", "l16NvfP41R0-00339-00116694-00117012": "Then what is that SEMC take the money from the pockets", "l16NvfP41R0-00340-00117012-00117282": "And start to invest in marketing", "l16NvfP41R0-00341-00117282-00117589": "When you have money you need to invest. Resuming:", "l16NvfP41R0-00342-00117590-00118368": "Better game, rewards, server, rank as well, marketing and support the content producters", "l16NvfP41R0-00343-00118382-00118709": "Besides that competitive scenario here in Brazil", "l16NvfP41R0-00344-00118728-00119314": "SEMC you need to bring at least every 4 months one competition here to SA", "l16NvfP41R0-00345-00119342-00120014": "Every 4 months a National Championship, Brazilian Championship, a Server Championship", "l16NvfP41R0-00346-00120056-00120824": "For movement and, who knows, bring once for year a presential championship here in Brazil would be great", "l16NvfP41R0-00347-00120838-00121156": "A presential Championship would be with no doubt really nice", "l16NvfP41R0-00348-00121170-00121396": "Here in our server", "l16NvfP41R0-00349-00121409-00122020": "It would be historical and I would have a great pleasure in participate of that", "l16NvfP41R0-00350-00122035-00122338": "That great event covering all the competition", "l16NvfP41R0-00351-00122338-00122561": "I hope it happens some day", "l16NvfP41R0-00352-00122583-00123068": "Besides that marketing, marketing is indispensable, invest in marketing", "l16NvfP41R0-00353-00123082-00123390": "Investment as well in content producers that deserve all the support", "l16NvfP41R0-00354-00123390-00123695": "Not only the actual ones, like my channel", "l16NvfP41R0-00355-00123695-00124014": "But the new ones as well, and bring some big youtubers", "l16NvfP41R0-00356-00124026-00124344": "To make videos for Vainglory for real and not just a video", "l16NvfP41R0-00357-00124344-00124628": "playing against AI. Inviting some players of his own", "l16NvfP41R0-00358-00124628-00124921": "Saying: \"Oh the game is awesome, Me and my friend...\"", "l16NvfP41R0-00359-00124921-00125228": "No it is not like that, this is not the best way", "l16NvfP41R0-00360-00125228-00125543": "We have to talk to that people to produce content everyday", "l16NvfP41R0-00361-00125543-00125797": "As the competitor is doing", "l16NvfP41R0-00362-00125797-00126075": "And Vainglory unfortunately don't", "l16NvfP41R0-00363-00126075-00126344": "Investment in Championships here in Brazil", "l16NvfP41R0-00364-00126344-00126655": "At least 3 championships per year every 4 months, official Championships", "l16NvfP41R0-00365-00126656-00126892": "With money awards", "l16NvfP41R0-00366-00126911-00127288": "Support secondary championships", "l16NvfP41R0-00367-00127288-00127589": "As Desafio Vainglory refused by SEMC", "l16NvfP41R0-00368-00127589-00127903": "I still want to bring it on and I just need SEMC's support", "l16NvfP41R0-00369-00127903-00128228": "With a money award that is what", "l16NvfP41R0-00370-00128228-00128539": "the players want and deserve, they want to make of it a profession", "l16NvfP41R0-00371-00128539-00128793": "want to become a pro player so they can", "l16NvfP41R0-00372-00128794-00128932": "live from it", "l16NvfP41R0-00373-00128959-00129356": "And to live from it, live being a pro player", "l16NvfP41R0-00374-00129431-00129706": "It is not ICE that is the award indicated", "l16NvfP41R0-00375-00129706-00130015": "Because with ICE unfortunately we can't buy food and pay the bills", "l16NvfP41R0-00376-00130015-00130323": "Then the prize must be in cash. If you want to", "l16NvfP41R0-00377-00130323-00130644": "Make the competitive scenario grow start by taking seriously the young ages", "l16NvfP41R0-00378-00130646-00130941": "That is training day and night. I know lots of", "l16NvfP41R0-00379-00130941-00131237": "people that is going out of Vainglory and running to the competitor", "l16NvfP41R0-00380-00131237-00131527": "Because there tehy have better opportunities, the dream of being pro player", "l16NvfP41R0-00381-00131527-00131687": "pro player for a game", "l16NvfP41R0-00382-00131688-00131990": "There they have that option with absurd awards in cash", "l16NvfP41R0-00383-00131990-00132226": "like 1.5 million in the worlds championship", "l16NvfP41R0-00384-00132258-00132642": "While Vainglory can't bring not even", "l16NvfP41R0-00385-00132671-00132961": "1/4 of that value in the worlds", "l16NvfP41R0-00386-00132961-00133269": "And when that happened it was a disaster and our National Championship do not talk", "l16NvfP41R0-00387-00133269-00133558": "just championship from our server", "l16NvfP41R0-00388-00133558-00133851": "those things need to change. I love Vainglory I don't want", "l16NvfP41R0-00389-00133851-00134158": "to see this game end in anyway and I am pretty sure that you that are watching me", "l16NvfP41R0-00390-00134158-00134450": "Also love this game and don't want see", "l16NvfP41R0-00391-00134450-00134582": "to see it end", "l16NvfP41R0-00392-00134588-00135028": "Please comment below, leave your feedback, I know this will be a controversial video but", "l16NvfP41R0-00393-00135028-00135306": "It is a truth that needs to be told and nothing better", "l16NvfP41R0-00394-00135306-00135604": "than this channel to bring that message", "l16NvfP41R0-00395-00135616-00136412": "Thank you for your attention, thank you for the presence of all of you in this video today. See you next time and Bye!"}}, {"audio_id": "l1ugP1OJawM", "text": {"l1ugP1OJawM-00000-00000409-00001100": "People under Grace are RELATING.", "l1ugP1OJawM-00001-00001101-00001217": "Have you ever noticed they're...", "l1ugP1OJawM-00002-00001228-00001857": "they actual will go out of your their way to attempt to understand you.", "l1ugP1OJawM-00003-00001880-00002138": "The people who are under the Law", "l1ugP1OJawM-00004-00002139-00002651": "are ALIENATING.", "l1ugP1OJawM-00005-00002686-00002896": "There's a lot  of ALIENATION on the planet.", "l1ugP1OJawM-00006-00002914-00003338": "Another word for it is,  they are POLARIZING people.", "l1ugP1OJawM-00007-00003380-00003540": "And they are standing up saying...", "l1ugP1OJawM-00008-00003540-00003938": "'Mine and what I know  is better than yours and what you don't know.'", "l1ugP1OJawM-00009-00003982-00004276": "And something inside of you goes 'Up your nose!'", "l1ugP1OJawM-00010-00004314-00004650": "And they didn't do anything, now you are the one alienating.", "l1ugP1OJawM-00011-00004714-00004818": "But, who set it up?"}}, {"audio_id": "l1L5vzqPR4g", "text": {"l1L5vzqPR4g-00000-00000032-00000376": "you have to see how big this ice cream i.", "l1L5vzqPR4g-00001-00000376-00001016": "a normal mcdonald's sunscreen would be around half the height, but since i've already ate a", "l1L5vzqPR4g-00002-00001016-00001544": "little bit. it's a little bit shorter than it was before, but it's still very tall. i", "l1L5vzqPR4g-00003-00001544-00002168": "also have to eat the entire thing before it melts, so i hope this gets a lot of peace."}}, {"audio_id": "l1ZGXiXxwCQ", "text": {"l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00000-00000057-00000524": "- The focus of this session is fervent in the building", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00001-00000524-00000646": "of the Christian home.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00002-00000868-00001021": "Now, we're going to talk about what a Christian home", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00003-00001021-00001231": "is all about in a minute, but before we do", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00004-00001231-00001513": "I want to establish the idea that a Christian home", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00005-00001513-00001821": "is not simply a demographic.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00006-00002099-00002318": "Some people have the idea of a Christian home, you know,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00007-00002318-00002748": "that's a mom, dad, married only to each other for life,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00008-00003033-00003533": "along with their bio kids, living in a single family home", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00009-00003853-00004055": "and we think, well that's the Christian home.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00010-00004195-00004457": "And, I mean, that's a marvelous ideal.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00011-00004639-00004951": "This type of situation is terrific", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00012-00005043-00005433": "but it doesn't define the Christian home.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00013-00005545-00005904": "You know, if there was no sin in the world,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00014-00005904-00006404": "if there were no mistakes, if there was no fallen nature,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00015-00006606-00007067": "this ideal situation, mom, who never knew any other man,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00016-00007067-00007361": "and dad, who never knew any other woman,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00017-00007361-00007576": "committed to one another for life", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00018-00007576-00007827": "and maintained that commitment for life", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00019-00007827-00008233": "and they together produced beautiful, healthy children,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00020-00008233-00008564": "who themselves would perpetuate exactly that model.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00021-00008564-00008756": "I mean, why not?", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00022-00008756-00008944": "What a wonderful world it would be", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00023-00009029-00009522": "if we managed to do that, to have that perfection.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00024-00009629-00009853": "But because of our sinful nature", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00025-00009853-00010186": "and because of the fact that we live in a fallen world,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00026-00010186-00010400": "we have homes that are, you know,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00027-00010400-00010545": "that are different than that.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00028-00010710-00011210": "For example, we have a single mom living with her kids", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00029-00011265-00011480": "and no dad in the house for whatever reason", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00030-00011568-00012012": "or we have single dads with kids at home", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00031-00012012-00012412": "and mom is not there.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00032-00012412-00012771": "Or perhaps a single person who has partial custody", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00033-00012771-00013113": "of his or her children, in other words,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00034-00013113-00013613": "just every other weekend, there's that situation.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00035-00013668-00014041": "Or how about a blended family that has adults", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00036-00014041-00014438": "who have remarried with children from previous marriages", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00037-00014438-00014929": "plus children that that couple have produced together.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00038-00014929-00015429": "You know, his kids, her kids, our kids,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00039-00015469-00015682": "all living in the same family.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00040-00015682-00015922": "What about about that home?", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00041-00016044-00016407": "Or how about grandparents raising children?", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00042-00016407-00016668": "No parents around, the grandparents are doing that.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00043-00016805-00017131": "Or single moms and dads living with grandparents,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00044-00017131-00017314": "raising children from one or more", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00045-00017314-00017672": "previous relationships or marriages.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00046-00017672-00017891": "What about that combo?", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00047-00018083-00018273": "I could keep going here,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00048-00018273-00018439": "there are any number of combinations.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00049-00018439-00018783": "You know, remarried people that have a grandparent", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00050-00018783-00019133": "living with them along with children from different families", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00051-00019133-00019286": "as well as a niece,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00052-00019286-00019529": "whose been kicked out of her own house for drugs", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00053-00019529-00019791": "and is staying with them until things cool down.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00054-00019938-00020145": "What about that family?", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00055-00020471-00020619": "I've seen that house.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00056-00020728-00020908": "I've visited that house.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00057-00021182-00021623": "So I ask you, have I described your exact situation?", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00058-00021623-00021967": "For the number of people that are here, maybe not.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00059-00022135-00022395": "So do we think that all of these combinations", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00060-00022395-00022704": "are not acceptable to God as Christian homes", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00061-00022704-00022860": "or Christian families?", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00062-00022982-00023316": "It seems to me that if you surveyed the Bible,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00063-00023316-00023795": "you'd find all sorts of families that don't exactly fit", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00064-00023795-00024111": "the original mom, dad, and bio kids mold.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00065-00024287-00024712": "For example, Abraham had children by two women", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00066-00024712-00024952": "and they all lived in the same house for a time.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00067-00025196-00025613": "And Jacob was tricked into taking the wrong woman as wife", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00068-00025613-00025912": "and lived with two wives and two concubines", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00069-00025912-00026288": "who bore him 12 sons and a daughter.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00070-00026408-00026636": "Not exactly mom, dad, and the kids there.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00071-00026730-00026935": "Boaz married a young widow", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00072-00026935-00027202": "and they lived with her ex-mother-in-law.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00073-00027487-00027864": "David married the woman he committed adultery with.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00074-00027864-00028229": "Mary the mother of Jesus was a widowed mother of seven", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00075-00028229-00028577": "who ended up living with one of her son's apostles.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00076-00028577-00028710": "What about that household?", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00077-00028908-00029408": "Mary and her sister Martha and their brother Lazarus", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00078-00029420-00029774": "shared a home and I don't know, maybe I'm mistaken,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00079-00029774-00030066": "but I'd never heard of any spouse there.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00080-00030066-00030420": "Just the three of them, no kids.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00081-00030549-00030912": "Three singles or three unmarrieds.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00082-00030912-00031019": "We don't know.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00083-00031139-00031498": "Timothy lived with his believing mother and grandmother", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00084-00031498-00031760": "along with his disbelieving Greek father.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00085-00031913-00032235": "Lydia was the female head of her household.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00086-00032395-00032706": "So it seems to me, I think you're getting the point here,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00087-00032706-00033000": "it seems to me that the norm in the Bible", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00088-00033000-00033265": "was not exactly the ideal either.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00089-00033265-00033534": "As far as homes and families were considered,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00090-00033534-00033642": "a lot of, you know.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00091-00033902-00034235": "So going back to our theme, you know, what are the features", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00092-00034235-00034647": "one is looking for in building a Christian home", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00093-00034647-00034993": "if they're not simply based on the ideal, nuclear family", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00094-00034993-00035277": "comprised of mom, dad, and the kids?", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00095-00035431-00035685": "I'm persuaded that we could come up with many,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00096-00035685-00036022": "but the following ones, I believe are foundational", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00097-00036022-00036114": "for the Christian home.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00098-00036114-00036467": "Without these three, what you have may still be called", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00099-00036467-00036882": "a family or a home, but you can't call it a Christian home.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00100-00037092-00037377": "So what are some of the features of this Christian home", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00101-00037377-00037515": "that we're trying to build?", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00102-00037610-00038110": "Well, first of all, in the Christian home,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00103-00038115-00038353": "Christ is honored above all else.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00104-00038636-00038956": "Christ is honored above all else.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00105-00038956-00039039": "In other words,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00106-00039039-00039328": "whatever combination or status of the household,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00107-00039328-00039675": "it is understood that Christ is the head of the home", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00108-00039675-00039956": "no matter who lives there.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00109-00039956-00040270": "Grandma and two grandkids, you know, brother,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00110-00040270-00040442": "sister, sister, whatever the home is,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00111-00040442-00040771": "Christ is the head of that home.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00112-00040886-00041206": "This means that whoever has either seniority or authority", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00113-00041206-00041593": "or responsibility for the home has made Christ the head", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00114-00041593-00041762": "of that home.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00115-00041890-00042110": "Now, in traditional families, the Bible says", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00116-00042110-00042446": "that Christ is the head of man and man is the head of woman,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00117-00042446-00042680": "first Corinthians 11, verse three.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00118-00042769-00042984": "So it's important that the man acknowledge", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00119-00042984-00043299": "both his submission to Christ and his responsibility", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00120-00043299-00043656": "for the moral and spiritual leadership of the home.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00121-00043913-00044072": "You know, if we want to Christ to be the head of our home,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00122-00044072-00044477": "we have to acknowledge the roles that he has given", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00123-00044477-00044794": "to both the men and the women and the children.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00124-00044794-00045229": "You know, in a home where Christ is head,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00125-00045229-00045470": "you don't have to tell me the name of the people", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00126-00045470-00045881": "who live there, you don't have to have a similar race,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00127-00045881-00046188": "it could be a mixed race, you know, so on and so forth,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00128-00046318-00046811": "but the one thing that is common to all Christian homes", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00129-00046811-00047283": "is that Christ is recognized as the head.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00130-00047283-00047757": "And in a home where Christ is head, no one is disrespected", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00131-00047757-00048127": "and all members are blessed by the servant leadership", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00132-00048127-00048538": "of the husband or the father, if that's the case.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00133-00048652-00048876": "Now, in non-traditional homes,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00134-00048876-00049073": "like the one that Timothy grew up in,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00135-00049073-00049335": "Christ was still the head of those who believe", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00136-00049335-00049835": "for the benefit of all people in the family.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00137-00049869-00050108": "Even the unbelievers.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00138-00050303-00050581": "Paul says second Timothy one five, for I am mindful", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00139-00050581-00050892": "of the sincere faith within you, which first dwelt", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00140-00050892-00051222": "in your grandmother, Lois, and your mother, Eunice,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00141-00051222-00051722": "and am sure is in you, as well.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00142-00051740-00052186": "Paul saw into that home and recognized", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00143-00052186-00052407": "that for those who were believers in that home,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00144-00052407-00052801": "Christ was their head, irregardless of the makeup.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00145-00052801-00053301": "Another passage, Paul says for the unbelieving husband", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00146-00053412-00053752": "is sanctified through his wife and the unbelieving wife", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00147-00053752-00054000": "is sanctified through her believing husband,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00148-00054000-00054329": "for otherwise your children are unclean,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00149-00054329-00054613": "but now they are holy.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00150-00054854-00055267": "In a home with non-believers, the faithful can honor Christ", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00151-00055267-00055562": "as an ongoing witness of their faith.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00152-00055562-00055890": "It doesn't mean that the unbelievers are necessarily saved.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00153-00056045-00056329": "What Paul is saying here is that the unbelievers", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00154-00056329-00056765": "in a mixed believing household have access to the gospel,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00155-00056765-00057079": "have a witness of the gospel, have a witness for Christ", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00156-00057079-00057252": "day in and day out.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00157-00057252-00057576": "They're sanctified in this way, they're blessed in this way.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00158-00057679-00057999": "But regardless of the makeup, how can you tell", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00159-00057999-00058402": "that this is a home where Christ is honored above all else?", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00160-00058660-00058972": "Well, among other things, Christ's word is read and shared", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00161-00058972-00059360": "and a conscious effort is made to obey it in the home.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00162-00059360-00059778": "If, let's just use the, you know, normal family,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00163-00059778-00059920": "you know, mom, dad, and kids,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00164-00059920-00060420": "if children never see their parents with an open Bible,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00165-00060776-00061007": "reading, meditating, thinking.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00166-00061007-00061429": "If they never see it at home, what do you think the odds are", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00167-00061429-00061689": "that they will begin to be Bible readers?", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00168-00061808-00062000": "Pretty slim, I think.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00169-00062121-00062621": "If they never hear a discussion between mom and dad", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00170-00062641-00063003": "about a Bible issue or thing or passage,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00171-00063003-00063352": "if they never hear mom say, you know, in my reading, I,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00172-00063352-00063852": "saying to dad, in my reading I, you know, I discovered this,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00173-00063872-00064161": "I read such and such and I'd never saw that before", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00174-00064161-00064376": "and she's, you know, going back and forth,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00175-00064376-00064655": "just in a normal discussion, just like people discuss", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00176-00064655-00064855": "what happened on the news or whatever,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00177-00064855-00065176": "they're discussing what's going on in the scripture.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00178-00065176-00065411": "If children never hear that in their home,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00179-00065411-00065757": "do you think that they're going to pick up that this is, like,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00180-00065757-00066034": "a normal thing that ought to be happening in a home?", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00181-00066282-00066739": "You know, my daughter was telling me that when the kids,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00182-00066739-00067060": "you know, Christian is, he's a little older,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00183-00067060-00067234": "misbehaves or does something,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00184-00067234-00067551": "she assigns him lines to write.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00185-00067637-00068137": "Guess which book she chooses to get him to write lines?", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00186-00068275-00068503": "And then the kicker, here's the real punishment", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00187-00068503-00068827": "for the six year old, he has to memorize that line", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00188-00068827-00068994": "before time out is over.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00189-00069133-00069485": "Do you think that little boy is going to grow up thinking", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00190-00069485-00069732": "there's something to this book here?", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00191-00069856-00070053": "Do you think that little boy is going to grow up", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00192-00070053-00070258": "with God's word inside of him?", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00193-00070258-00070611": "All those memory verses he had to learn as a little boy.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00194-00070804-00070916": "Or a little girl.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00195-00071165-00071458": "You know, I can remember when our four kids", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00196-00071458-00071844": "lived at home, some black moments I'd like to forget,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00197-00071844-00072344": "but anyways, there were a lot debates.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00198-00072362-00072682": "You can imagine having four teenagers at once.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00199-00072879-00073075": "So there were a lot of discussion about, you know,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00200-00073075-00073341": "what's proper, what's the proper attitude", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00201-00073341-00073561": "that we should have or the dress.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00202-00073561-00073762": "You know, you hear the words coming out of a parent's mouth,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00203-00073762-00074091": "you think you're going out dressed like that?", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00204-00074350-00074650": "Or language or the friends that they would choose", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00205-00074650-00075025": "or the entertainment that they would consume", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00206-00075025-00075269": "or church attendance,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00207-00075269-00075574": "there were a lot of discussions about that.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00208-00075574-00075810": "And many of these discussions and disagreements", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00209-00075810-00076148": "were resolved with the idea that such and such", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00210-00076148-00076648": "was not acceptable because this was a Christian home.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00211-00077087-00077400": "We don't do that here, we don't use that language,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00212-00077400-00077610": "and so on and so forth.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00213-00077610-00077781": "And that even fell on me.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00214-00077781-00078064": "If I lost my temper and, you know, said something", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00215-00078064-00078304": "that I shouldn't have said, you want to know how quick", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00216-00078304-00078576": "that all came back to me?", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00217-00078576-00078756": "Mommy, mommy, daddy said a bad word.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00218-00079292-00079638": "You know you're succeeding at establishing a Christian home", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00219-00079638-00080087": "when your own kids begin judging the appropriateness", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00220-00080087-00080346": "of their friend's language and their friend's behavior", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00221-00080346-00080710": "based on what is proper in their own house.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00222-00080896-00081251": "When they say things like, when they say to their friends,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00223-00081251-00081532": "man, that wouldn't fly at my house.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00224-00081769-00082009": "We couldn't get away with that at my house.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00225-00082142-00082304": "Sometimes they say it, you know,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00226-00082304-00082436": "complaining to their friends.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00227-00082436-00082742": "Well, you know, go ahead,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00228-00082742-00082911": "ask your mom and dad if you can go out", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00229-00082911-00083164": "and stay out until three am and we'll drive to Dallas", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00230-00083164-00083636": "and watch a concert and then we'll all drive home,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00231-00083636-00083880": "four girls in a car, you know, go ahead.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00232-00084047-00084262": "That's not going to fly at my house.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00233-00084603-00084942": "You may think that it's a great burden on them,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00234-00084942-00085200": "but I'm telling you that part of that", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00235-00085200-00085565": "is their witness to their friends.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00236-00085963-00086440": "That wouldn't fly at my house is a way for them to say", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00237-00086440-00086703": "'cause my house is a Christian home.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00238-00086927-00087366": "In a home that honors Christ above all,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00239-00087366-00087722": "the lines of conduct and attitude are always well defined", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00240-00087722-00087998": "according to Christ's teaching.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00241-00087998-00088104": "I've told you this before,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00242-00088104-00088432": "but when I'd have debates with Paul, our oldest, about stuff", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00243-00088432-00088734": "and then I'd start, you know, I'd quote a scripture", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00244-00088734-00088969": "and he'd go oh, dad, that's not fair.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00245-00088969-00089136": "You're using the Bible, you know,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00246-00089136-00089327": "it's, like, out of bounds, you know.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00247-00089619-00090069": "Even unbelieving dads or moms, you know, whichever it is,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00248-00090202-00090523": "they have no problem with conduct that follows", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00249-00090523-00091023": "the teachings of Jesus regarding obedience and respect,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00250-00091023-00091312": "sexual purity, devotion.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00251-00091312-00091812": "What non-believing parent could be against their children", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00252-00091837-00092336": "being obedient or sexually pure or respectful?", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00253-00092336-00092598": "Who can disagree with that?", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00254-00092742-00093066": "So building a Christian home requires first and foremost", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00255-00093066-00093381": "an effort to make the teachings of Jesus", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00256-00093381-00093684": "the lines that guide our relationships, our conduct,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00257-00093684-00093885": "and our attitude.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00258-00094008-00094198": "People in the family know this,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00259-00094198-00094432": "as well as people who visit the family.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00260-00094432-00094742": "They see a difference even when they can't quite", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00261-00094742-00094958": "put their finger on why.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00262-00095099-00095592": "My mother-in-law, Lise's mom, passed away many years ago,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00263-00095592-00096019": "but I remember she used to say to Lise, she was Catholic,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00264-00096019-00096486": "she would say to Lise, I don't know what it is,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00265-00096486-00096649": "and of course, you know that I love,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00266-00096649-00096889": "there were five kids in her family,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00267-00096889-00097082": "I love all of our children", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00268-00097082-00097392": "and I love our grandchildren, all of them, but she says,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00269-00097392-00097696": "there's just something different about your family.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00270-00097951-00098170": "There's just something different about them", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00271-00098170-00098361": "and you know, Lise and I would look at each other", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00272-00098361-00098665": "and wonder how can she not see what the difference is?", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00273-00098933-00099193": "In a Christian home, another point I would say,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00274-00099193-00099693": "if we're building one, strangers are welcome.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00275-00099989-00100271": "You know, it's interesting to note that in the Bible", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00276-00100442-00100942": "the word used for hospitality is the Greek word philoxenia,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00277-00101033-00101510": "which, translated, simply means the love of strangers.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00278-00101640-00101961": "Now this virtue is important in the first century church", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00279-00101961-00102339": "because apostles and evangelists, prophets, teachers,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00280-00102339-00102716": "you know, they traveled from place to place to preach", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00281-00102716-00103098": "and to teach and they were hosted by church members", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00282-00103098-00103510": "offering hospitality and there were no, you know,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00283-00103510-00103978": "Ramada Inns and there were inns in those days,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00284-00103978-00104131": "but not like today.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00285-00104225-00104725": "You know, Paul lists this as a key qualification", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00286-00104765-00105153": "for elders in first Timothy chapter three, verse two", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00287-00105153-00105319": "and Titus chapter one, verse eight.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00288-00105319-00105667": "Imagine an elder, a leader, a shepherd in the church", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00289-00105667-00106167": "has to be apt to teach, yeah, and an elder in the church", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00290-00106235-00106735": "has to not be someone who's violent or argumentative.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00291-00106757-00106999": "Well, yeah, if he's a shepherd, you know.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00292-00107151-00107340": "He has to be the husband of one wife", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00293-00107340-00107550": "and there are a whole list of qualifications", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00294-00107550-00107794": "and we say of course, of course, of course,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00295-00107794-00108269": "and then twice Paul mentions that that person", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00296-00108269-00108610": "needs to practice hospitality.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00297-00108610-00109110": "His reputation is that he and his wife are those", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00298-00109156-00109489": "who practice that virtue.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00299-00109489-00109863": "That's how important Paul considered", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00300-00109863-00110129": "this particular practice.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00301-00110129-00110426": "In describing the kind of love that Christians should have", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00302-00110426-00110643": "for one another, Peter, the apostle,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00303-00110643-00110786": "encouraged his church member,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00304-00110786-00111215": "he says practice hospitality without complaint,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00305-00111215-00111353": "first Peter four nine.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00306-00111607-00111999": "Again, Paul lists it as a demonstrable activity in ministry", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00307-00111999-00112383": "that a widow must have practiced", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00308-00112383-00112683": "before receiving benevolence from the church.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00309-00112802-00113033": "Is she a widow, well of course, does she need help,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00310-00113033-00113127": "well, he says, first of all,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00311-00113127-00113427": "her own family needs to be the ones to step up and help her,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00312-00113521-00113954": "but if she has no family, then he lists certain things", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00313-00113954-00114306": "she should be, you know, the wife of one husband.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00314-00114306-00114510": "It's kind of the reverse of the elders,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00315-00114510-00114727": "the wife of one husband", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00316-00114727-00114956": "and he says and she should have been known", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00317-00114956-00115283": "to have practiced hospitality towards the saints.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00318-00115398-00115891": "Imagine that, that's how important this virtue was", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00319-00115979-00116286": "and it is cited as a proof of love", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00320-00116286-00116623": "and a proof of sincere faith in both", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00321-00116623-00116830": "Romans chapter 12, verse 13", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00322-00116830-00117223": "as well as Hebrews chapter 13, 12.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00323-00117223-00117723": "You see, hospitality and fellowship, excuse me,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00324-00117907-00118239": "hospitality and the fellowship that it produces", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00325-00118239-00118607": "is important not only as a proof of love and faithfulness", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00326-00118607-00118971": "but also because it helps members know each other", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00327-00118971-00119457": "and it integrates people into the body of Christ.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00328-00119567-00119853": "You know, the danger, however, is that we allow", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00329-00119853-00120333": "church programs and events to replace basic hospitality", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00330-00120333-00120643": "that we should be offering from our own homes.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00331-00120861-00121239": "You know, in my ministry career, what I've seen is that", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00332-00121239-00121593": "we sub-contract the responsibility for our own practice", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00333-00121593-00121838": "of hospitality to professional ministers", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00334-00121838-00122146": "who organize events for us.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00335-00122146-00122379": "But the Bible clearly demonstrates that the love", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00336-00122379-00122721": "of strangers is a mark of sincere faith and love.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00337-00122721-00122945": "I'm not saying we do away with activity,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00338-00122945-00123041": "there's some activities", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00339-00123041-00123201": "we just couldn't do in someone's home.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00340-00123201-00123453": "You know, the all church potluck.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00341-00123453-00123953": "I couldn't get 260 people into my house.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00342-00124081-00124164": "You know?", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00343-00124164-00124345": "And I don't think anybody here could,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00344-00124345-00124613": "even though we have some members who are fairly well off,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00345-00124613-00124727": "I don't think anybody can do that.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00346-00124727-00125088": "So there's a place for that but it isn't a substitute", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00347-00125088-00125540": "for our own responsibility to offer hospitality.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00348-00125671-00125968": "To be open to welcoming strangers to our churches", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00349-00125968-00126189": "and then going the second mile", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00350-00126189-00126605": "by opening our homes to those, to hosting our brethren,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00351-00126605-00126964": "even those we know less well reflects a genuine attitude", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00352-00126964-00127078": "of Christian love.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00353-00127078-00127272": "You know, Johnny Henderson's sitting over there", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00354-00127272-00127457": "saying man, he's preaching my lesson.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00355-00127632-00127816": "Because he's going to be dealing with the subject", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00356-00127816-00128078": "of just hospitality in a month from now.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00357-00128078-00128303": "So you'll have time to have forgotten everything I've said", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00358-00128303-00128803": "and I'll give Johnny my notes but he's going to,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00359-00128810-00129180": "he's going to go into the subject more deeply", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00360-00129180-00129421": "when the time comes.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00361-00129421-00129690": "You know, if we don't practice and teach and include", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00362-00129690-00130068": "our children in this, I keep going back to the, you know,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00363-00130068-00130529": "I watch our daughter Emily, for example,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00364-00130529-00130749": "how she offers hospitality", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00365-00130749-00131064": "but how she does it in such an effortless way.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00366-00131162-00131337": "She has people over, it's easy, you know,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00367-00131337-00131541": "the little girls or little babies running around,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00368-00131541-00131882": "she's waiting for another baby, you know, but I see her", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00369-00131882-00132330": "and how a good team, just offering hospitality to people.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00370-00132330-00132457": "Where do you think she learned that?", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00371-00132457-00132637": "Well she learned it from her mother.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00372-00132775-00133143": "You know, that's how children learn these graces,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00373-00133143-00133226": "if you wish.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00374-00133226-00133535": "Are you smiling because she didn't learn it from her father?", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00375-00133535-00134019": "Finally, in the Christian home and, you know,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00376-00134019-00134519": "there's so much stuff, we could've made a list of 10 or 15,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00377-00134519-00134746": "I just tried to pick the, you know,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00378-00134746-00135025": "ones that were a little more encompassing than others.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00379-00135230-00135410": "There are expectations.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00380-00135636-00135797": "There are expectations.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00381-00135902-00136154": "As I said, I could list so many features necessary", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00382-00136154-00136485": "to build a Christian home but suffice to say that there are", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00383-00136485-00136771": "certain expectations of those who live in the home", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00384-00136771-00137111": "as well as those who see the home from outside.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00385-00137111-00137251": "In other words, if you live in a Christian home,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00386-00137251-00137523": "there's certain expectations that you have of it", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00387-00137523-00137777": "and if you're a person on the outside looking in,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00388-00137777-00138175": "you have expectations for that Christian home.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00389-00138276-00138503": "And so a well established Christian home", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00390-00138503-00138884": "fulfills these expectations for those not only in the home", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00391-00138884-00139136": "but those who observe it from the outside.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00392-00139136-00139349": "So let me kind of explain this idea.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00393-00139349-00139814": "For example, the expectation for men", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00394-00139814-00140314": "is that they love their wives as Christ loved the church.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00395-00140318-00140477": "That's the expectation.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00396-00140641-00140932": "A woman marries a Christian man,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00397-00140932-00141129": "she marries him because she loves him", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00398-00141129-00141372": "and she, you know, she appreciates his character", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00399-00141372-00141674": "and so on and so forth but also because he's a Christian.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00400-00141674-00141900": "She's been raised in such a way", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00401-00141900-00142248": "to look for a Christian mate", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00402-00142248-00142745": "and so she finds one, a Christian mate that she loves,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00403-00142745-00142896": "and they marry.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00404-00142896-00143248": "What do you think her expectation is of this Christian man?", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00405-00143369-00143777": "She expects that he will love her", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00406-00143777-00143993": "the way that Christ loves the church.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00407-00143993-00144098": "That's her expectation.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00408-00144098-00144368": "That's why she looked for someone who was a Christian.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00409-00144601-00144844": "Wives and children in a Christian home,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00410-00144844-00145263": "they expect this from their fathers.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00411-00145421-00145797": "Women, the expectation is that they respect their husbands", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00412-00145797-00146115": "and practice being in submission.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00413-00146115-00146511": "You know why practice being in submission?", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00414-00146511-00146771": "Because it's very difficult to be in submission", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00415-00146771-00147005": "to a sinful human being.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00416-00147005-00147333": "It's easy, well I won't say easy, you can figure it out,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00417-00147333-00147677": "you know, you can tell yourself that it's the right", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00418-00147677-00147934": "and easy thing to do, to be in submission to God.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00419-00147934-00148151": "I mean, God is perfect, God is all wise,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00420-00148151-00148336": "God is all knowledgeable, He's all merciful,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00421-00148336-00148598": "and so on and so forth, so being in submission to Him,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00422-00148598-00148946": "yeah, I can do that and I can talk myself into it", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00423-00148946-00149175": "because it's a good thing to do,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00424-00149283-00149783": "but being in submission to my husband with all his faults,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00425-00149884-00150086": "man, I have more education than him.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00426-00150249-00150720": "Being in submission to that guy, that takes practice.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00427-00150835-00151277": "That's why I say practice being in submission.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00428-00151427-00151802": "I read an article recently, not in a religious periodical,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00429-00151802-00152235": "in the newspaper, saying the one thing, talking about the,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00430-00152235-00152469": "you know, the millennial generation,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00431-00152469-00152713": "the one thing that these men are looking for", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00432-00152713-00152932": "is that their wives respect them.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00433-00153038-00153266": "Isn't that interesting, out in the world,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00434-00153453-00153803": "aside from any reference to religion,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00435-00153803-00154303": "men desperately need for their wives to show them respect.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00436-00154648-00155061": "I think the Holy Spirit had a handle on that a long time ago", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00437-00155061-00155347": "with His advice.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00438-00155347-00155694": "So in a Christian home, husbands who are looking for wives", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00439-00155694-00156010": "who are Christians, they've been raised", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00440-00156010-00156327": "and their daddies have told them,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00441-00156327-00156540": "now when you, you know, get to that point,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00442-00156540-00157040": "you make sure that that woman, that girl loves the Lord,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00443-00157122-00157265": "that she's a faithful Christian", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00444-00157265-00157671": "and you'll see, son, if you do that, you'll see that you'll,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00445-00157671-00157957": "you know, you'll have a great marriage.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00446-00158057-00158429": "Well, he's going into that marriage how?", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00447-00158429-00158779": "He's hoping that his wife will respect him", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00448-00158779-00159014": "despite his imperfections.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00449-00159105-00159303": "What about children?", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00450-00159515-00159864": "Well the expectation is that they obey their parents.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00451-00160048-00160277": "It isn't a surprise.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00452-00160466-00160887": "Parents who raise children in a Christian home", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00453-00160887-00161387": "expect their children to behave and to behave well.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00454-00161433-00161787": "It shouldn't be a surprise, it shouldn't be, wow,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00455-00161787-00162069": "your kids are really obedient, you know,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00456-00162069-00162355": "how did that miracle happen?", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00457-00162355-00162797": "Well no, no, no the expectation is that they obey.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00458-00162797-00163113": "Parents expect your children to be obedient.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00459-00163113-00163252": "We begin with that.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00460-00163533-00163814": "Now, let's take a look at people,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00461-00163814-00163990": "those are the people inside the house,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00462-00163990-00164202": "how about on the outside of the house.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00463-00164347-00164569": "What about extended family,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00464-00164569-00164843": "families looking into your Christian home,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00465-00164843-00165163": "what do they expect, they expect you to be doing", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00466-00165163-00165398": "what you're preaching to them about.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00467-00165593-00165805": "If you're a Christian and if they say,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00468-00165805-00166035": "well on Sunday we're all going for a picnic,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00469-00166035-00166243": "we'll go at 9:00 a.m., are you guys coming,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00470-00166243-00166559": "and you're saying, sorry, but if you do it Sunday afternoon,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00471-00166559-00167024": "maybe we could go, 'cause we go to church on Sundays.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00472-00167024-00167129": "Well, can't ya skip?", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00473-00167129-00167328": "Well, no it's a commitment we have", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00474-00167328-00167522": "and we prefer being there,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00475-00167522-00167712": "how about you guys just go to the picnic", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00476-00167712-00168025": "and after services, we'll meet you over at the park.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00477-00168025-00168178": "You haven't preached to them a sermon,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00478-00168178-00168421": "but you've sure told them where you're coming from.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00479-00168421-00168757": "Those people in your family, what do they expect.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00480-00168888-00169050": "Well, they expect results.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00481-00169050-00169189": "They expect fruit.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00482-00169189-00169401": "They expect to see something to prove", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00483-00169401-00169752": "that there is something special about a Christian home.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00484-00169752-00170137": "Yeah, you didn't go to the picnic with us", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00485-00170137-00170355": "and you won't let our kids, you know, your kids", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00486-00170355-00170642": "go to certain movies, yeah, okay.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00487-00170782-00171042": "But do we see a greater love in your home,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00488-00171042-00171252": "do we see hospitality in your home,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00489-00171252-00171705": "do we see the fruit of what you're talking about?", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00490-00171705-00171962": "'Cause we sure expect it.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00491-00172101-00172260": "And what about the brethren?", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00492-00172390-00172777": "Church members expect your home to live up to your faith.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00493-00172777-00172984": "Same thing as extended family, basically.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00494-00172984-00173484": "They expect to observe no difference in your conduct at home", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00495-00173587-00173865": "from your conduct at church.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00496-00174126-00174331": "In other words, you're not kind of putting on", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00497-00174331-00174620": "a front at church.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00498-00174620-00174955": "Who you are at church is who you are.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00499-00174955-00175352": "Whether I bump into you at the Safeway or whatever,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00500-00175352-00175497": "you know, the grocery store,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00501-00175497-00175796": "or maybe you're sitting behind me at the hockey game", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00502-00175796-00176067": "or the football game or whatever, you're that guy,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00503-00176067-00176405": "you're that woman that I, you know, sit at church with.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00504-00176616-00176989": "They expect to observe no difference", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00505-00176989-00177385": "in your conduct at home from your conduct at church.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00506-00177480-00177675": "How about unbelievers,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00507-00177675-00177927": "those who have not believed in Christ,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00508-00177927-00178187": "they expect what is true about you at work", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00509-00178187-00178367": "is true about you at home.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00510-00178456-00178716": "Unfortunately, they expect a hypocrite,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00511-00178716-00178872": "that's the unfortunate part,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00512-00178872-00179086": "people on the outside of the church are always saying", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00513-00179086-00179285": "one of these days I'm going to catch you", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00514-00179285-00179453": "and we're going to see that Christian stuff,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00515-00179453-00179665": "that's just hypocrisy.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00516-00179665-00179900": "They're expecting a surprise.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00517-00180051-00180261": "Prove me different, they say.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00518-00180353-00180653": "And then perhaps one more person who's expecting things", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00519-00180653-00180780": "and that's Jesus.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00520-00180904-00181179": "He expects you to be fervent in faith no matter what", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00521-00181179-00181385": "the makeup of your family is", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00522-00181385-00181635": "or what kind of house you live in.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00523-00181635-00182135": "Your value to Him is not based on how fancy your house is.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00524-00182140-00182549": "He expects all the believers in your home", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00525-00182549-00183013": "to build their home on the rock of faith,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00526-00183013-00183152": "which is His word.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00527-00183152-00183295": "That's what He expects.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00528-00183444-00183908": "You know, this reminds me of a story, a true story,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00529-00183908-00184198": "about a terrible flood that happened in Quebec", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00530-00184198-00184698": "many years ago, 1996, actually.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00531-00184831-00185288": "The Saguenay River flooded because of heavy rains", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00532-00185288-00185739": "and rushed headlong towards the city of Chicoutimi.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00533-00185739-00186239": "Chicoutimi is an Indian word, Canadian Native American,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00534-00186240-00186363": "if you wish, Canadian Indian,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00535-00186363-00186567": "we call them First Nations in Canada.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00536-00186567-00186939": "Here you call them Native American", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00537-00186939-00187169": "and in Canada it's called First Nation.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00538-00187169-00187409": "In the First Nation language,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00539-00187409-00187626": "Chicoutimi meant place of deep water", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00540-00187749-00187993": "and it was interesting because the Saguenay River,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00541-00187993-00188185": "if you looked at it at a map like this,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00542-00188185-00188538": "it goes like this and it u's like a U", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00543-00188538-00188829": "and the city of Chicoutimi is right down there,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00544-00188829-00189075": "right before the U.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00545-00189075-00189469": "And so in 1996 there was tremendous rainfall, you know,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00546-00189469-00189930": "that occurred and the Saguenay River began to flood.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00547-00189930-00190046": "Well it was flooding this way", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00548-00190046-00190385": "but the water was rushing down.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00549-00190538-00190957": "6,000 people had to be evacuated", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00550-00190957-00191457": "and many homes were destroyed, mudslides, it was a mess.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00551-00191580-00191831": "In Quebec, very rare that you have flooding.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00552-00191977-00192158": "So this was quite an event.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00553-00192257-00192446": "Everything in the flood's path", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00554-00192446-00192946": "except one little white house, whose builders,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00555-00193154-00193611": "many years before, had built it on the rock formations", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00556-00193611-00194026": "that are in the area and to be sure that would be strong,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00557-00194026-00194327": "they also built it on a cement base.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00558-00194327-00194510": "So they had a rock formation", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00559-00194510-00194769": "and on that they built the cement base,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00560-00194769-00195093": "which was the basement, and then they built the house.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00561-00195093-00195419": "Because they said if the name", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00562-00195419-00195780": "that the Indians gave this town is true,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00563-00195780-00196159": "and they were here hundreds of years before us,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00564-00196268-00196768": "might it mean that perhaps the place of deep water", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00565-00196819-00197267": "was a place that could easily be flooded.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00566-00197267-00197641": "And they hadn't had a flood in decades,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00567-00197641-00197861": "nobody thought about it, the city just grew.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00568-00198080-00198501": "And so, everything was destroyed,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00569-00198501-00198924": "every structure in the vicinity was carried away", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00570-00198924-00199329": "except this, except this little white house,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00571-00199329-00199561": "which researchers claim withstood", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00572-00199561-00200053": "the same driving water pressure as the pressure of the water", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00573-00200053-00200245": "that goes over Niagara Falls.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00574-00200409-00200531": "That's a lot of pressure.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00575-00200531-00200704": "I should've put in a picture of Niagara Falls", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00576-00200704-00201204": "to give you an idea, huh, and it stands there to this day.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00577-00201232-00201423": "This little house is now a museum", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00578-00201423-00201861": "and as a museum it's a symbol of strength", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00579-00201861-00202177": "and hope for the people of that city.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00580-00202177-00202341": "'Cause everything was destroyed", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00581-00202341-00202515": "except that little white house", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00582-00202515-00202799": "and so they had to rebuild everything around it,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00583-00202799-00203044": "but that little white house, you know,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00584-00203044-00203426": "it gave them courage and it gave them hope.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00585-00203426-00203622": "And so you know where I'm going with this, of course,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00586-00203622-00203851": "in Matthew seven, verse 24, Jesus says,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00587-00203851-00204044": "therefore everyone who hears these words of mine", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00588-00204044-00204293": "and acts on them may be compared to a wise man", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00589-00204293-00204661": "who builds his house on the rock and the rain fell,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00590-00204661-00204877": "and the floods came, and the winds blew", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00591-00204877-00205161": "and slammed against that house and yet it did not fall", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00592-00205161-00205416": "for it had been founded, where?", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00593-00205416-00205669": "Yeah, on the rock.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00594-00205669-00205873": "And everyone who hears these words of mine", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00595-00205873-00206103": "and does not act on them will be like a foolish man", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00596-00206103-00206341": "who built his house on the sand.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00597-00206341-00206696": "The rain fell and the floods came, and the winds blew", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00598-00206696-00206892": "and slammed against that house and it fell", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00599-00206892-00207113": "and great was its fall,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00600-00207113-00207341": "but what happens to the one who builds", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00601-00207341-00207563": "his house on the rock?", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00602-00207563-00207998": "It remains steadfast.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00603-00207998-00208326": "And so those who are fervent in building a Christian home", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00604-00208326-00208826": "based on, founded on the rock, which is the word of Christ,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00605-00209077-00209356": "open and loving towards others,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00606-00209356-00209671": "fulfilling the expectations according to the Lord's will", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00607-00209671-00210171": "and way, you people, you people will not have to fear", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00608-00210177-00210596": "the floods of life or the terrible heat of judgment", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00609-00210596-00210936": "on this world when Jesus returns.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00610-00210936-00211423": "Your home will be safely built,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00611-00211423-00211865": "your home will also be a safe place for you and your family,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00612-00211865-00212295": "despite the storms of life because it has been built", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00613-00212295-00212579": "on the rock which is Christ.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00614-00212579-00212859": "Well I hope that you've had some good ideas,", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00615-00212859-00213207": "things that you might incorporate in your own home.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00616-00213207-00213704": "Never too late, of course, to put these things", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00617-00213704-00213964": "into practice in your own home.", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00618-00213964-00214101": "The word of God is a living word", "l1ZGXiXxwCQ-00619-00214101-00214379": "and it can give life to many things."}}, {"audio_id": "l2rLrwLrtHA", "text": {"l2rLrwLrtHA-00000-00000427-00000858": "O East Turkestan! The bleeding wound of the Ummah, the", "l2rLrwLrtHA-00001-00000858-00001392": "community of fighters who resist the persecution. The glorious believers who", "l2rLrwLrtHA-00002-00001392-00001863": "are fighting alone against those who try to forcibly take them away from", "l2rLrwLrtHA-00003-00001863-00002418": "Islam. Qur'ans are burnt, mosques are closed, madrassas are banned,", "l2rLrwLrtHA-00004-00002418-00002979": "religious scholars are killed one by one. The brothers are forced into the camps,", "l2rLrwLrtHA-00005-00002979-00003429": "Chinese men are settled in their families instead of them. The sisters are", "l2rLrwLrtHA-00006-00003429-00004189": "forced to marry Chinese men. Despite all this the Ummah of the prophet Muhammad (s.a.w)", "l2rLrwLrtHA-00007-00004207-00004657": "is silent. Doesn't object or say anything. Muslims are not", "l2rLrwLrtHA-00008-00004658-00005183": "supported. Don't they know that consenting to persecution is persecution.", "l2rLrwLrtHA-00009-00005183-00005757": "How nicely Hazrat Ali (r.a) said \"if you cannot prevent", "l2rLrwLrtHA-00010-00005757-00006279": "persecution make it known publicly\" while these events have been on the agenda", "l2rLrwLrtHA-00011-00006279-00006648": "even in the Western media and states for months and weeks,", "l2rLrwLrtHA-00012-00006648-00007221": "where are the Muslim countries and their media. Don't they know that staying", "l2rLrwLrtHA-00013-00007221-00007728": "neutral when persecution is carried out is despicable. Don't they know that what", "l2rLrwLrtHA-00014-00007728-00008325": "our brothers and sisters will remember about these sad tough days, years later", "l2rLrwLrtHA-00015-00008325-00008984": "is not the torture of the tyrants, but the silent us, their Muslim brothers. Oh", "l2rLrwLrtHA-00016-00008984-00009702": "Allah help our brothers and sisters in East Turkestan, undoubtedly Allah is", "l2rLrwLrtHA-00017-00009702-00009901": "the best of planners.", "l2rLrwLrtHA-00018-00009901-00010392": "Now that was very daring of somebody in his position to do.", "l2rLrwLrtHA-00019-00010392-00011319": "Of course his team would be celebrating, promoting and supporting such an individual.", "l2rLrwLrtHA-00020-00011319-00011864": "I mean he did speak out against oppression of minorities,", "l2rLrwLrtHA-00021-00011864-00012171": "terrorism- whatever you want to call it.", "l2rLrwLrtHA-00022-00012171-00012255": "yes", "l2rLrwLrtHA-00023-00012255-00012627": "well not quite, Arsenal seems to have", "l2rLrwLrtHA-00024-00012627-00012939": "distanced themselves from Mesut.", "l2rLrwLrtHA-00025-00013261-00013415": "Really?", "l2rLrwLrtHA-00026-00013433-00013655": "This may be because a short while back", "l2rLrwLrtHA-00027-00013656-00014220": "something very similar happened in the NBA. Someone spoke out against the (Hong Kong) riots", "l2rLrwLrtHA-00028-00014220-00014835": "going on in China and then they lost out financially. So Arsenal did not want to", "l2rLrwLrtHA-00029-00014835-00015007": "make that same mistake mate", "l2rLrwLrtHA-00030-00015007-00015141": "what", "l2rLrwLrtHA-00031-00015141-00015511": "Ironically however they got penalized anyway.", "l2rLrwLrtHA-00032-00015945-00016479": "China canceled the live coverage of Arsenal vs Manchester City.", "l2rLrwLrtHA-00033-00016497-00016755": "Why would they punish two teams", "l2rLrwLrtHA-00034-00016755-00017301": "and 1.3 billion of their own population? I hear you ask", "l2rLrwLrtHA-00035-00017329-00017563": "Think of China like the Mafia", "l2rLrwLrtHA-00036-00017563-00017919": "if you fail to repay them for whatever reason", "l2rLrwLrtHA-00037-00017919-00018147": "when you finally do so,", "l2rLrwLrtHA-00038-00018147-00018353": "they'll break your legs anyway", "l2rLrwLrtHA-00039-00018353-00018625": "You know to send a message", "l2rLrwLrtHA-00040-00018653-00019203": "It's not about money, it's about sending a message", "l2rLrwLrtHA-00041-00019217-00019791": "Mostly to the other people, in case they dare to also speak out. But of course they're", "l2rLrwLrtHA-00042-00019791-00020011": "not gonna speak like this in public yeah", "l2rLrwLrtHA-00043-00020011-00020342": "They said something like- their fans were", "l2rLrwLrtHA-00044-00020342-00020633": "disappointed with Ozil's comments", "l2rLrwLrtHA-00045-00020633-00020747": "Get out of here man", "l2rLrwLrtHA-00046-00020747-00020903": "Really?", "l2rLrwLrtHA-00047-00020903-00021415": "Were they also disappointed when they heard about the concentration camps?", "l2rLrwLrtHA-00048-00021517-00021589": "No", "l2rLrwLrtHA-00049-00021597-00022109": "Were they disappointed to know about the forced marriages, burning off the Qur'an,", "l2rLrwLrtHA-00050-00022110-00022297": "shutting down of the mosques?", "l2rLrwLrtHA-00051-00022297-00022405": "Still no?", "l2rLrwLrtHA-00052-00022405-00022659": "Well if these soulless reptiles don't", "l2rLrwLrtHA-00053-00022659-00023089": "get affected with such things, i couldn't care less if they're disappointed mate", "l2rLrwLrtHA-00054-00023089-00023285": "And another thing that came to my mind was", "l2rLrwLrtHA-00055-00023285-00023658": "a lot of us follow such football teams", "l2rLrwLrtHA-00056-00023658-00023909": "pretty much religiously mate.", "l2rLrwLrtHA-00057-00023909-00024180": "But when it comes time for them to return the favor,", "l2rLrwLrtHA-00058-00024180-00024369": "they stab us in the back", "l2rLrwLrtHA-00059-00024879-00025147": "For a bit of dosh. Some people may say", "l2rLrwLrtHA-00060-00025147-00025553": "Hey man, at the end of the day they're just a business", "l2rLrwLrtHA-00061-00025553-00025761": "Yeah, fair enough.", "l2rLrwLrtHA-00062-00025761-00026214": "But at least protect your own investment, at least protect your own player.", "l2rLrwLrtHA-00063-00026214-00026628": "It's not like he did something terrible. Plus Arsenal seems to be sending out a", "l2rLrwLrtHA-00064-00026628-00027173": "message that- yo, if you speak out against tyranny that is not okay.", "l2rLrwLrtHA-00065-00027185-00027663": "We're gonna side with the tyrants, even if they're gonna punish us anyway.", "l2rLrwLrtHA-00066-00027663-00027765": "you're sick!", "l2rLrwLrtHA-00067-00027775-00028027": "Well I can see why they call themselves Arsenal now,", "l2rLrwLrtHA-00068-00028027-00028463": "considering they speak out their arse and they make nil sense.", "l2rLrwLrtHA-00069-00028775-00028929": "Alright guys let's leave it there", "l2rLrwLrtHA-00070-00028929-00029081": "until next time", "l2rLrwLrtHA-00071-00029081-00029343": "Asalaamu alaikum", "l2rLrwLrtHA-00072-00030169-00030375": "you"}}, {"audio_id": "l2wLKqRy66M", "text": {"l2wLKqRy66M-00000-00000309-00000525": "[David] The pandemic is still the headline", "l2wLKqRy66M-00001-00000525-00000781": "but the planet is also on fire.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00002-00000781-00001120": "Tonight we discuss the movement for a Green New Deal", "l2wLKqRy66M-00003-00001120-00001421": "in Europe in the United States and around the world,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00004-00001421-00001741": "and how that movement has changed, evolved, transformed, or not,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00005-00001807-00002030": "in the year of the COVID-19 pandemic.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00006-00002071-00002201": "I'm joined this evening,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00007-00002201-00002450": "or indeed this afternoon, for my guest,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00008-00002450-00002849": "by a friend, colleague, very inspiring economist and statesman,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00009-00002849-00003169": "James K. Galbraith, my friend Jamie,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00010-00003169-00003426": "who holds the Lloyd M. Bentsen Jr. Chair", "l2wLKqRy66M-00011-00003426-00003697": "at the Lyndon B. Johnson School of Public Affairs,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00012-00003697-00004061": "and a professorship in government at the University of Texas at Austin.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00013-00004061-00004280": "Welcome, Jamie, to DiEM TV.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00014-00004327-00004665": "It's a pleasure to see you all the way tuning in from Austin.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00015-00004706-00004828": "[James] Thanks very much", "l2wLKqRy66M-00016-00004828-00005031": "and it's very good to be with you as well.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00017-00005031-00005227": "[David] All right, so we'll jump right in.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00018-00005227-00005402": "Jamie, everything has changed.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00019-00005402-00005580": "Everything is moving incredibly fast,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00020-00005580-00005829": "- this is the sort of the narrative that we're sold:", "l2wLKqRy66M-00021-00005829-00005998": "life is turned upside down,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00022-00005998-00006155": "our economy is plunged in crisis,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00023-00006155-00006333": "ideas are being ripped off the shelf,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00024-00006333-00006538": "paradigms are being thrown in the trash can,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00025-00006538-00006859": "the geopolitical tectonic plates are shifting underneath our feet...", "l2wLKqRy66M-00026-00006886-00007106": "How would you describe this present juncture,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00027-00007106-00007381": "one year after the declaration of the pandemic", "l2wLKqRy66M-00028-00007381-00007487": "by the WHO?", "l2wLKqRy66M-00029-00007522-00007772": "[James] Well, I could only say I only wish!", "l2wLKqRy66M-00030-00007850-00008008": "I mean some things have changed.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00031-00008098-00008455": "Anybody with eyes to see,  ears to hear with,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00032-00008528-00009045": "can see that the ideas that were driving the global community", "l2wLKqRy66M-00033-00009102-00009602": "are as recently as 18 months or two years ago, are defunct.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00034-00009634-00009824": "That I think is obvious.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00035-00009915-00010644": "But the hold of defunct ideas does not disappear", "l2wLKqRy66M-00036-00010644-00010792": "easily or immediately.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00037-00010925-00011312": "So, I mean just to take the case of the United States,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00038-00011312-00011771": "already a year ago now in April of 2020", "l2wLKqRy66M-00039-00011915-00012245": "in a crush of the emergency,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00040-00012245-00012534": "any notion that there were effective limits", "l2wLKqRy66M-00041-00012534-00012845": "on what the federal government can do by way of sending out checks", "l2wLKqRy66M-00042-00012845-00013170": "and stabilizing people's incomes we're thrown away.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00043-00013260-00013662": "For the business sector, through both loans", "l2wLKqRy66M-00044-00013662-00013888": "and loan guarantees and grants,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00045-00013888-00014112": "but they made the work of the Federal Reserve,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00046-00014112-00014251": "and it was thrown away;", "l2wLKqRy66M-00047-00014305-00014617": "for the household sector, through direct payments,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00048-00014690-00015036": "extended unemployment insurance and other measures.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00049-00015084-00015397": "And this was... we had the experience for a year,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00050-00015430-00016162": "and it was actually, in many ways, quite successful.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00051-00016162-00016523": "The society did not melt down", "l2wLKqRy66M-00052-00016523-00016741": "in a way that it might otherwise have done -", "l2wLKqRy66M-00053-00016741-00016926": "in fact, would otherwise have done", "l2wLKqRy66M-00054-00016926-00017306": "if people had been subject to income losses and then evictions", "l2wLKqRy66M-00055-00017306-00017690": "and foreclosures and utility shutoffs and all of the horrors", "l2wLKqRy66M-00056-00017690-00018048": "that were bad already but could have been much much worse", "l2wLKqRy66M-00057-00018048-00018152": "than they were.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00058-00018392-00018921": "Has the country then moved to the point where it is effectively organized", "l2wLKqRy66M-00059-00018921-00019541": "to take on the next phase of the challenges that in front of us?", "l2wLKqRy66M-00060-00019541-00019719": "No. We haven't moved that point.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00061-00019787-00019939": "There's discussion about it,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00062-00019939-00020107": "- there's even in today's paper -", "l2wLKqRy66M-00063-00020107-00020379": "we know that the administration is preparing legislation,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00064-00020379-00020785": "we don't know exactly  what it will consist of,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00065-00020785-00021113": "but there's clearly a sense that a new direction", "l2wLKqRy66M-00066-00021113-00021255": "is going to be needed.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00067-00021340-00021721": "Does this country have the organizing capacity", "l2wLKqRy66M-00068-00021721-00021838": "to implement that?", "l2wLKqRy66M-00069-00021911-00022230": "That is a very open question at this point,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00070-00022230-00022588": "and we can go on to what's going on in other parts of the world momentarily.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00071-00022596-00022918": "[David] You know, I think a year ago", "l2wLKqRy66M-00072-00022918-00023414": "lots of people were citing the etymological origins", "l2wLKqRy66M-00073-00023414-00023541": "of the word 'crisis',", "l2wLKqRy66M-00074-00023567-00023926": "that it actually comes... it's sort of an epidemiological phrase", "l2wLKqRy66M-00075-00023926-00024218": "to refer to a change in the course of a disease", "l2wLKqRy66M-00076-00024218-00024423": "where things are actually getting better.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00077-00024423-00024858": "So, it's both a kind of threat but it's an opportunity for learning,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00078-00024858-00025213": "and for bringing in those new ideas", "l2wLKqRy66M-00079-00025213-00025519": "or healing a wound that's been gaping open", "l2wLKqRy66M-00080-00025519-00025670": "in our in the global economy.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00081-00025670-00025864": "I think... now you mentioned", "l2wLKqRy66M-00082-00025864-00026102": "- let's just stick with the case United States", "l2wLKqRy66M-00083-00026102-00026262": "because I think it's illustrative", "l2wLKqRy66M-00084-00026262-00026533": "and then I think we can go to other places in the world -", "l2wLKqRy66M-00085-00026533-00026838": "in thinking about what how this crisis has maybe turned,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00086-00026838-00027045": "or what we've learned and how we've changed.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00087-00027045-00027311": "There's a lot of talk now about these bills,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00088-00027334-00027499": "first the ARP, the recovery plan", "l2wLKqRy66M-00089-00027499-00027737": "and then, now, this potential infrastructure bill", "l2wLKqRy66M-00090-00027737-00028058": "as marking some break with neoliberalism.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00091-00028086-00028306": "Now, first of all, I want to know from you:", "l2wLKqRy66M-00092-00028306-00028847": "does it feel one year after the pandemic that we've broken with neoliberalism?", "l2wLKqRy66M-00093-00028862-00029208": "And, if we have, or to the extent that we have,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00094-00029208-00029669": "is this a simple case of when the facts change, minds change?", "l2wLKqRy66M-00095-00029702-00030032": "Or are we being duped into thinking that there's some paradigm shift?", "l2wLKqRy66M-00096-00030032-00030231": "Is there something more powerful underway?", "l2wLKqRy66M-00097-00030231-00030433": "And I know I'm asking  huge questions here", "l2wLKqRy66M-00098-00030433-00030844": "but how should we make sense of this?", "l2wLKqRy66M-00099-00030844-00031047": "What is actually changing under our feet,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00100-00031047-00031236": "before we talk about the details of it?", "l2wLKqRy66M-00101-00031236-00031512": "How should we make sense of how exactly things have changed", "l2wLKqRy66M-00102-00031512-00031599": "in the past year?", "l2wLKqRy66M-00103-00031599-00031944": "[James] Well, just to take up the American Rescue Plan,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00104-00031944-00032351": "which is the one concrete thing that we have in front of us.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00105-00032429-00032928": "I'd begin by, first of all, again, pointing to the experience", "l2wLKqRy66M-00106-00032928-00033053": "of last year", "l2wLKqRy66M-00107-00033053-00033308": "and secondly to the political necessity", "l2wLKqRy66M-00108-00033343-00033735": "that faced the incoming administration.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00109-00033822-00033928": "It's very clear here,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00110-00033928-00034324": "we have a very narrow margin in the congress.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00111-00034324-00034715": "If you don't move quickly, effectively, and massively", "l2wLKqRy66M-00112-00034715-00035064": "the chances are you're going to lose that in two years.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00113-00035094-00035491": "You have a president who has been around for a long time,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00114-00035491-00035725": "has some experience of both", "l2wLKqRy66M-00115-00035725-00035937": "Republican and Democratic administrations.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00116-00035937-00036288": "The characteristic of Democratic administrations, Clinton, Obama,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00117-00036288-00036697": "was that they were too timid and they got beaten and stalled", "l2wLKqRy66M-00118-00036759-00037048": "and in many cases lambasted and ridiculed", "l2wLKqRy66M-00119-00037100-00037580": "for not having done enough, aggressively enough,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00120-00037580-00037815": "in their first months in office.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00121-00037815-00038088": "And you have the case of a Republican administration,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00122-00038088-00038248": "well actually several of them:", "l2wLKqRy66M-00123-00038291-00038696": "Reagan and then George W. Bush, and then Donald Trump,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00124-00038696-00038963": "all of whom did very big things,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00125-00039010-00039196": "things I may not have liked", "l2wLKqRy66M-00126-00039260-00039538": "but [they] basically front loaded their agendas,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00127-00039538-00039679": "got them in place,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00128-00039679-00039975": "and then we're in a position, in particular in Reagan's case,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00129-00039975-00040340": "to be more flexible in the remaining years of the term.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00130-00040386-00040608": "So, the political lessons are there.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00131-00040681-00040866": "And then you also have the fact", "l2wLKqRy66M-00132-00040866-00041208": "that the president is, I mean,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00133-00041208-00041481": "he's not exactly in the first flush of youth", "l2wLKqRy66M-00134-00041530-00041921": "and I think it's reasonable to say", "l2wLKqRy66M-00135-00041921-00042212": "that old men in a hurry are not a bad thing.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00136-00042283-00042563": "They recognize that they've got to get things done", "l2wLKqRy66M-00137-00042563-00042888": "because they recognize that their time horizons are not unlimited.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00138-00042919-00043260": "So, all of that's come together in a kind of practical way", "l2wLKqRy66M-00139-00043315-00043834": "to put the U.S. in the forefront", "l2wLKqRy66M-00140-00043834-00044441": "of at least a change in attitudes toward the macro level fiscal policy,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00141-00044441-00044656": "the attitudes toward public finance.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00142-00044688-00045022": "It's also I think practically recognized that the U.S. is,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00143-00045175-00045487": "if not uniquely positioned in the world to make that change,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00144-00045487-00045778": "it's got the strongest position amongst the Western countries", "l2wLKqRy66M-00145-00045778-00045893": "to make that change", "l2wLKqRy66M-00146-00045893-00046461": "because it is the country that supplies the settlement currency", "l2wLKqRy66M-00147-00046461-00046767": "to the rest of the world, at least for the time being.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00148-00046818-00047356": "And so this is something which is open to the U.S.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00149-00047356-00047813": "which would be a harder sell in a lot of other places.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00150-00047878-00048322": "So, does this represent a real acceptance", "l2wLKqRy66M-00151-00048368-00048834": "of an alternative theoretical framework for thinking about economic problems?", "l2wLKqRy66M-00152-00048834-00048940": "I only wish.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00153-00049035-00049556": "I know my friends, our friends, who have been advocating", "l2wLKqRy66M-00154-00049556-00050184": "for such a change of perspective are, I think, many of us", "l2wLKqRy66M-00155-00050184-00050631": "are quite happy with the immediate turn of politics", "l2wLKqRy66M-00156-00050631-00051292": "but has the correctness of that perspective", "l2wLKqRy66M-00157-00051292-00051507": "been recognized or acknowledged?", "l2wLKqRy66M-00158-00051507-00051634": "Has it been taken up?", "l2wLKqRy66M-00159-00051929-00052304": "Have the doors of the academic power structure", "l2wLKqRy66M-00160-00052304-00052804": "been opened to the partisans of modern monetary theory?", "l2wLKqRy66M-00161-00052804-00052992": "No, they have not.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00162-00052992-00053420": "And, so, I think that any real and deeper gains", "l2wLKqRy66M-00163-00053420-00053687": "are very much provisional at this point.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00164-00053709-00053980": "And that just before you get to the structural questions,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00165-00053980-00054150": "which I want to take up as well.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00166-00054202-00054770": "[David] It's a very interesting theory of political transformation", "l2wLKqRy66M-00167-00054770-00054897": "that you're articulating,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00168-00054897-00055342": "one that really is about necessity or dragging these forces along", "l2wLKqRy66M-00169-00055467-00055963": "by the structural conditions that demand it.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00170-00055963-00056376": "It feels like a sort of angelus novus theory", "l2wLKqRy66M-00171-00056376-00056851": "that we're sort of being dragged towards these fiscal stimuli", "l2wLKqRy66M-00172-00056872-00057128": "as we watch the destruction pile up behind us.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00173-00057305-00057558": "That what we're seeing in the case United States", "l2wLKqRy66M-00174-00057558-00057848": "and perhaps you can make the same argument about", "l2wLKqRy66M-00175-00057848-00058144": "the kind of painful process of arriving at what's now known", "l2wLKqRy66M-00176-00058144-00058455": "as this recovery plan or E.U. Next Generation", "l2wLKqRy66M-00177-00058498-00058598": "here in Europe,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00178-00058598-00059051": "that this was, after years of dragging their feet,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00179-00059051-00059372": "net public investment falling to zero in the Eurozone,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00180-00059534-00059838": "people ailing and child poverty levels rising the United States,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00181-00059853-00060170": "that these kind of structural conditions demanded it.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00182-00060170-00060509": "And I think... we're obviously convened here", "l2wLKqRy66M-00183-00060509-00060662": "to talk about the Green New Deal", "l2wLKqRy66M-00184-00060662-00061080": "and I think understanding what's changing now...", "l2wLKqRy66M-00185-00061150-00061548": "we can't just look to the past year, we also have to look to the past decade", "l2wLKqRy66M-00186-00061548-00061935": "and to lessons that perhaps were not learned in 2008,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00187-00061970-00062205": "or in the wake of the financial crisis of 2008.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00188-00062245-00062504": "Now, the Green New Deal as a policy paradigm", "l2wLKqRy66M-00189-00062504-00062851": "really gained some kind of popular traction,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00190-00062851-00063327": "some popularity in the wake of the great financial crisis of 2008,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00191-00063390-00063844": "in part because of a parallel that people were able to draw with 1929.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00192-00063844-00064080": "With the fact that we were in a period", "l2wLKqRy66M-00193-00064080-00064392": "of tremendous financial speculation, followed by a depression,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00194-00064392-00064761": "that required the kinds of  relief, recovery, reform", "l2wLKqRy66M-00195-00064761-00065094": "that Roosevelt had put on the table a century before.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00196-00065175-00065350": "But then it felt like, okay,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00197-00065350-00065546": "we didn't really learn the lessons there;", "l2wLKqRy66M-00198-00065546-00065844": "we didn't really get as far as putting a new deal on the table,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00199-00065844-00066087": "and then the COVID crisis kind of fell into our lap.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00200-00066087-00066270": "Not exactly as an exogenous shock,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00201-00066270-00066575": "but something like an exogenous force.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00202-00066575-00066745": "So, my question to you is", "l2wLKqRy66M-00203-00066745-00067008": "thinking now not just one year but 10 years -", "l2wLKqRy66M-00204-00067076-00067643": "How does this present crisis change the kind of desirability or feasibility", "l2wLKqRy66M-00205-00067643-00067857": "of something like a Green New Deal?", "l2wLKqRy66M-00206-00067857-00068252": "Should we understand this crisis in that medium-term process", "l2wLKqRy66M-00207-00068252-00068575": "of okay, finally, our European leaders in particular", "l2wLKqRy66M-00208-00068575-00068719": "are coming around to thinking", "l2wLKqRy66M-00209-00068719-00069202": "well, you know, austerity is maybe not the most responsible way", "l2wLKqRy66M-00210-00069202-00069534": "of handling this question of providing for citizens.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00211-00069534-00069699": "And maybe the U.S. is thinking", "l2wLKqRy66M-00212-00069699-00069962": "well, we need bigger stimuli to take care of people", "l2wLKqRy66M-00213-00069962-00070171": "and think about things like child poverty.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00214-00070171-00070507": "Or are we not even there yet?", "l2wLKqRy66M-00215-00070650-00070952": "[James] Let me back up a little bit", "l2wLKqRy66M-00216-00070991-00071461": "and just talk about what I think is going on.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00217-00071461-00071941": "You've used the term stimulus as a description of the program", "l2wLKqRy66M-00218-00072055-00072683": "and I don't think that demand was ever actually the problem", "l2wLKqRy66M-00219-00072683-00073048": "and I don't think what is going on is appropriately described", "l2wLKqRy66M-00220-00073048-00073148": "in those terms.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00221-00073148-00074010": "Those were terms that were suitable to, if you like, the post-war Keynesian era", "l2wLKqRy66M-00222-00074085-00074280": "when you went into a recession", "l2wLKqRy66M-00223-00074280-00074545": "as a result of an overbuild up of inventories", "l2wLKqRy66M-00224-00074545-00074745": "and laying off of workers and so forth", "l2wLKqRy66M-00225-00074745-00075206": "and then you gave the economy a boost to come out of it.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00226-00075244-00075600": "What the pandemic actually did was to expose the extreme fragility", "l2wLKqRy66M-00227-00075600-00075806": "of the entire structure that'd been built up", "l2wLKqRy66M-00228-00075806-00076196": "over 13 years, or since the great crisis and, really, over 30 years", "l2wLKqRy66M-00229-00076256-00076725": "which was heavily dependent on a very bi-modal economy,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00230-00076725-00077152": "a small group of extremely high income people", "l2wLKqRy66M-00231-00077152-00077592": "who were in the business of producing advanced technologies for world markets,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00232-00077662-00077990": "and a vast number of people who were in the business", "l2wLKqRy66M-00233-00077990-00078172": "of producing services for each other,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00234-00078244-00078549": "and both pieces of this got hammered in the pandemic.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00235-00078705-00079129": "The technology sector, because there's basically no demand", "l2wLKqRy66M-00236-00079129-00079637": "for airplanes, for example, in the world in which the vast number of them", "l2wLKqRy66M-00237-00079637-00079767": "are sitting on the ground,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00238-00079837-00080117": "and no demand for office construction", "l2wLKqRy66M-00239-00080165-00080402": "in a world in which offices are empty,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00240-00080402-00080776": "no demand for retail malls in the world which is being taken over by Amazon,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00241-00080838-00080953": "and so on and so forth.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00242-00080995-00081430": "And the services side people can't be in direct contact with each other -", "l2wLKqRy66M-00243-00081430-00081926": "those jobs just evaporate like so much mist in front of the morning sun.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00244-00081926-00082224": "So they're gone and they some of them will come back,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00245-00082224-00082437": "but many millions of them will not.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00246-00082531-00082743": "What the programs did", "l2wLKqRy66M-00247-00082743-00083084": "was to basically hold everybody in place financially through this.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00248-00083137-00083328": "It was more of a balance sheet thing.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00249-00083328-00083625": "People have rent, they have mortgages, they have utility bills,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00250-00083625-00084034": "they have grocery bills, they have student debts to pay,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00251-00084034-00084183": "they have all kinds of things,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00252-00084248-00084469": "and handing them out a check meant", "l2wLKqRy66M-00253-00084469-00084758": "that they could continue to make those payments by and large,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00254-00084758-00084910": "I mean not everybody,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00255-00084910-00085196": "I'm not going to minimize the suffering", "l2wLKqRy66M-00256-00085196-00085432": "except to say that without that assistance", "l2wLKqRy66M-00257-00085432-00085582": "it would have been much worse.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00258-00085582-00085967": "And, in fact, they discovered you could actually give a lot of people more money", "l2wLKqRy66M-00259-00085967-00086166": "than they were making in their jobs", "l2wLKqRy66M-00260-00086166-00086498": "and this also kept the social situation stable.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00261-00086530-00086714": "Economic stimulus it is not.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00262-00086800-00087164": "What's going on with the rescue plan is exactly", "l2wLKqRy66M-00263-00087164-00087360": "I think as described: a rescue plan.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00264-00087410-00087750": "It enables people to get through another six months", "l2wLKqRy66M-00265-00087750-00087833": "or a year,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00266-00087874-00088305": "as maybe the pieces start to get put back together some way,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00267-00088336-00088690": "but they can't go back the way they were.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00268-00088789-00088957": "Things have changed.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00269-00088975-00089544": "We are not going to return to the kind of economy", "l2wLKqRy66M-00270-00089544-00090099": "in which people's jobs were providing leisure time goods to each other", "l2wLKqRy66M-00271-00090159-00090459": "and we're not going to return to an economy", "l2wLKqRy66M-00272-00090459-00090784": "in which the advanced sectors are supplying a particular kind", "l2wLKqRy66M-00273-00090784-00091025": "of advanced good to the world economy.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00274-00091025-00091151": "That's got all changed.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00275-00091151-00091546": "So, what we have to recognize is that we have to use the resources", "l2wLKqRy66M-00276-00091546-00091943": "that we have in a way that's directed toward the problems", "l2wLKqRy66M-00277-00091943-00092112": "that we actually  are going to face.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00278-00092112-00092264": "So now you say 10 years ahead.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00279-00092264-00092731": "10 years ahead obviously the major issue", "l2wLKqRy66M-00280-00092731-00093012": "- if you want to put one on top of all the others -", "l2wLKqRy66M-00281-00093012-00093127": "is the climate crisis.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00282-00093172-00093506": "It is the necessity of a Green New Deal,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00283-00093530-00093736": "and a Green New Deal is two pieces:", "l2wLKqRy66M-00284-00093747-00094055": "one of it is energy transformation, resource transformation", "l2wLKqRy66M-00285-00094055-00094549": "so that we begin to stabilize the ecosystem of the whole planet,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00286-00094549-00094776": "and the other piece of it is the new deal piece,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00287-00094776-00095103": "which is to say something which is truly post-capitalist,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00288-00095132-00095316": "something which is truly democratic,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00289-00095345-00095822": "something which creates, in a pragmatic way,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00290-00095822-00096165": "institutions that we can continue to live with", "l2wLKqRy66M-00291-00096406-00096753": "for at least a number of decades and into the future", "l2wLKqRy66M-00292-00096753-00097197": "as we continually adjust to circumstances.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00293-00097243-00097439": "That's what we need to be thinking about.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00294-00097526-00098100": "It is not just a device for existing political leadership", "l2wLKqRy66M-00295-00098100-00098302": "to make themselves more palatable", "l2wLKqRy66M-00296-00098302-00098573": "and that's very much the sense one gets about Europe,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00297-00098654-00098886": "and we'll see what happens...", "l2wLKqRy66M-00298-00099073-00099663": "I don't want to hold out the U.S. as a uniquely advanced case here", "l2wLKqRy66M-00299-00099663-00099907": "but we'll see what this administration is plotting.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00300-00099949-00100392": "I do want to come to the question of what's impelling us", "l2wLKqRy66M-00301-00100392-00100622": "toward making some progress,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00302-00100648-00100864": "and that is the experience of what's happening", "l2wLKqRy66M-00303-00100864-00101046": "on the other side of the world.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00304-00101168-00101581": "There's something very important that we need to bear in mind,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00305-00101581-00101699": "which it starts with...", "l2wLKqRy66M-00306-00101699-00102195": "I mean it didn't start with but it certainly is expressed in a way", "l2wLKqRy66M-00307-00102195-00102550": "which cannot be mistaken by anybody by the pandemic:", "l2wLKqRy66M-00308-00102575-00102783": "there were countries that dealt with it.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00309-00102783-00103068": "There were countries that moved on the first day", "l2wLKqRy66M-00310-00103133-00103485": "to place controls on their borders", "l2wLKqRy66M-00311-00103485-00103815": "and to get testing and contact tracing regimes in place", "l2wLKqRy66M-00312-00103815-00104229": "and to isolate and protect themselves from contagion.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00313-00104274-00104463": "Many of them were small countries,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00314-00104463-00104821": "places like Korea and Singapore and Hong Kong,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00315-00104821-00104983": "and Taiwan did well,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00316-00104983-00105146": "and Cuba did well,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00317-00105146-00105303": "and New Zealand did well,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00318-00105349-00105496": "but then there was also China.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00319-00105496-00105627": "China's not a small place.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00320-00105667-00106145": "China has 1.4 billion people which managed to suppress the pandemic", "l2wLKqRy66M-00321-00106145-00106383": "over the course of maybe six weeks or two months", "l2wLKqRy66M-00322-00106383-00106711": "and get themselves back to a normal condition of life", "l2wLKqRy66M-00323-00106711-00107198": "in a country which has also succeeded in transforming itself technically", "l2wLKqRy66M-00324-00107240-00107468": "over the last 30 or 40 years", "l2wLKqRy66M-00325-00107468-00108089": "into one of the most advanced and carefully or fully engineered places", "l2wLKqRy66M-00326-00108089-00108192": "on the planet.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00327-00108272-00109017": "So, when we're looking at what's out there for the global population,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00328-00109045-00109244": "those of us who are not China", "l2wLKqRy66M-00329-00109309-00109651": "have to recognize that demonization isn't going to work", "l2wLKqRy66M-00330-00109693-00110052": "because a lot of people can see, very clearly,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00331-00110052-00110401": "that there is a level of competence", "l2wLKqRy66M-00332-00110401-00110639": "which used to be characteristic of the West,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00333-00110639-00110806": "and which the West has lost,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00334-00110806-00111088": "and that's what the Green New Deal needs to recapture,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00335-00111088-00111372": "is a capacity to do these things in a way which", "l2wLKqRy66M-00336-00111372-00112092": "is in consonance with democratic values and consonance with the popular will,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00337-00112092-00112383": "but that is actually also effective and not just cosmetic", "l2wLKqRy66M-00338-00112383-00112885": "or as sustaining of an underlying power structure", "l2wLKqRy66M-00339-00112885-00113097": "that isn't really serious about these things.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00340-00113182-00113910": "[David] Let's bring it back to here. In Europe, during my time as the policy", "l2wLKqRy66M-00341-00113910-00114245": "director for DiEM25 for this Democracy and Europe Movement", "l2wLKqRy66M-00342-00114285-00114625": "in collaboration with you and DiEMers across the continent", "l2wLKqRy66M-00343-00114625-00115023": "of this this vision of a Green New Deal for Europe, something that would have", "l2wLKqRy66M-00344-00115023-00115397": "both of those components you outlined take seriously the urgency and demand", "l2wLKqRy66M-00345-00115397-00115748": "for a rapid decarbonization and green transformation and also", "l2wLKqRy66M-00346-00115833-00116323": "live out that sort of Rooseveltian tradition and Keyenesian vision of", "l2wLKqRy66M-00347-00116417-00116919": "rebuilding a new economy and mobilizing the wealth that we have", "l2wLKqRy66M-00348-00116919-00117458": "towards good decent jobs and transformation of our infrastructure.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00349-00117513-00117799": "What's happened in the wake of this Green New Deal movement", "l2wLKqRy66M-00350-00117799-00118100": "very much in the kind of pathetic and mimetic sense", "l2wLKqRy66M-00351-00118100-00118374": "is that the European Union has adopted this name", "l2wLKqRy66M-00352-00118374-00118453": "of a Green deal,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00353-00118453-00118875": "essentially greenwashing  what is otherwise", "l2wLKqRy66M-00354-00118875-00119278": "a quite austerian agenda and obsessing over how they're going to", "l2wLKqRy66M-00355-00119278-00119724": "in various terms unlock, unleash or nudge private capital towards", "l2wLKqRy66M-00356-00119757-00120234": "Green investment, essentially pulling the classic European Union", "l2wLKqRy66M-00357-00120234-00120747": "move of socializing risks while privatizing gains in green transition.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00358-00120747-00121169": "It's interesting. You put it in this way of: are we going to be building", "l2wLKqRy66M-00359-00121169-00121482": "a more cooperative perhaps post-capitalist economy in the", "l2wLKqRy66M-00360-00121482-00121815": "course of this Green New Deal? Or, are we going to be inflaming", "l2wLKqRy66M-00361-00121815-00122134": "a kind of xenophobic and imperial way of organizing the economy?", "l2wLKqRy66M-00362-00122134-00122450": "But, you don't have to read too deeply into these intentions", "l2wLKqRy66M-00363-00122450-00122722": "when you hear speeches from people like Guy Verhofstadt", "l2wLKqRy66M-00364-00122722-00123125": "who stand on their soapbox and say things like", "l2wLKqRy66M-00365-00123125-00123285": "we live in a world of empires,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00366-00123306-00123776": "the United States an empire, China an empire, we Europe,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00367-00123776-00123921": "must be an empire.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00368-00123921-00124130": "This Green deal is our strategy", "l2wLKqRy66M-00369-00124130-00124580": "for remaining competitive in that world of empire and externalizing", "l2wLKqRy66M-00370-00124580-00124953": "our carbon costs. Yes. we're going to be the first decarbonized continent", "l2wLKqRy66M-00371-00124953-00125280": "but only by basically sending our emissions south.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00372-00125416-00125780": "What does it mean to take seriously this idea of a Green New Deal", "l2wLKqRy66M-00373-00125780-00126299": "as a vehicle of cooperation as opposed to a vehicle", "l2wLKqRy66M-00374-00126299-00126689": "for geopolitical competition which really only promises to set us", "l2wLKqRy66M-00375-00126689-00127097": "back half a century at a time when that type of", "l2wLKqRy66M-00376-00127097-00127490": "international coordination towards protecting the human species", "l2wLKqRy66M-00377-00127490-00127616": "is so essential?", "l2wLKqRy66M-00378-00127677-00128056": "[James] Well I would, generally speaking, recommend against getting", "l2wLKqRy66M-00379-00128056-00128619": "into a competitive struggle that one is going to lose.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00380-00128726-00129389": "This is not a ... Sensible countries and sensible leaders", "l2wLKqRy66M-00381-00129508-00129736": "steer clear of that kind of problem.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00382-00129736-00130113": "This is, I don't know, one doesn't want to be remembered like", "l2wLKqRy66M-00383-00130113-00130929": "Napoleon III for example. It's a bad look historically to do this.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00384-00131173-00131882": "What's required is something that is much more oriented toward", "l2wLKqRy66M-00385-00132036-00132940": "an actual practical plan of construction development, redevelopment.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00386-00132977-00133672": "That's why this word \"New\" sits in between \"Green\" and \"Deal.\"", "l2wLKqRy66M-00387-00133672-00134145": "Not because we're looking for novelty but, because the New Deal was a", "l2wLKqRy66M-00388-00134145-00134775": "historical phenomenon that had that characteristic.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00389-00134847-00135201": "Let me just talk a little bit about that because I think particularly for", "l2wLKqRy66M-00390-00135201-00135630": "European audiences, a lot of this may not really be familiar.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00391-00135689-00136090": "There's a tendency to regard the 1930s as the era of John Maynard Keynes.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00392-00136090-00136423": "Of course, the governments came in and started spending and", "l2wLKqRy66M-00393-00136423-00136825": "running budget deficits. The New Deal, while Keynes", "l2wLKqRy66M-00394-00136825-00137185": "was a factor in his thinking, and it was was known in", "l2wLKqRy66M-00395-00137185-00137777": "the United States, was far broader than the Keynesian element.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00396-00137777-00138259": "It consisted of every conceivable political movement", "l2wLKqRy66M-00397-00138259-00138608": "from the late 19th century forward in the United States, the populists,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00398-00138608-00139265": "the progressives, all the social democrats from the", "l2wLKqRy66M-00399-00139265-00139716": "upper Midwest and all kinds of other people, the social credit movement.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00400-00139759-00140446": "It built up a... It came in at a time when we were 70 years after", "l2wLKqRy66M-00401-00140447-00140841": "the end of the American Civil War. The South of the United States was", "l2wLKqRy66M-00402-00140841-00141168": "an exceedingly impoverished and backward region.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00403-00141250-00141693": "The New Deal basically built it up and created the conditions for its", "l2wLKqRy66M-00404-00141693-00142135": "emergence as a middle-class society and ultimately for the emergence", "l2wLKqRy66M-00405-00142135-00142546": "of the civil rights movement, which was not a feature of", "l2wLKqRy66M-00406-00142546-00143127": "the New Deal in the first place. Electrification of the entire", "l2wLKqRy66M-00407-00143127-00143658": "American south and southwest was was an essential piece of this.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00408-00143658-00144133": "Then there was industrial development that goes along with that: construction", "l2wLKqRy66M-00409-00144133-00144494": "of a public infrastructure, infrastructure of governments, schools,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00410-00144494-00144897": "and courthouses, of transportation, roads and airfields.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00411-00144926-00145413": "Much of this was made easy by the fact this was the high era of the", "l2wLKqRy66M-00412-00145413-00145669": "rise of fossil fuels and particularly of oil.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00413-00145669-00146017": "Now we have a different challenge which is moving away from that.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00414-00146088-00146616": "The underlying conception has to be similar. We have to decide", "l2wLKqRy66M-00415-00146616-00147020": "what kind of society we want and how do we build toward it?", "l2wLKqRy66M-00416-00147053-00147355": "There, I think, actually, the pandemic has given us", "l2wLKqRy66M-00417-00147355-00147593": "in some sense, some very useful guidance.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00418-00147670-00148085": "We know... Here we are, you and I talking in a way", "l2wLKqRy66M-00419-00148085-00148364": "that a year and a half ago, we probably wouldn't have done.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00420-00148364-00148630": "Technically it's possible, certainly much easier now", "l2wLKqRy66M-00421-00148630-00148875": "and we're much more habituated to it,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00422-00148935-00149509": "that involves no carbon emissions, no jet aircraft rides", "l2wLKqRy66M-00423-00149509-00150212": "no jet lag, no hangovers. It makes us... A great many things", "l2wLKqRy66M-00424-00150272-00150554": "are now possible and easy that were not done before.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00425-00150567-00150855": "People are working from home which means much less commuting", "l2wLKqRy66M-00426-00150855-00151357": "is necessary which means much fewer, many fewer automotive vehicle miles,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00427-00151357-00151691": "many fewer carbon emissions. The office buildings that were", "l2wLKqRy66M-00428-00151691-00151985": "maintained which are extremely expensive energy using", "l2wLKqRy66M-00429-00151985-00152580": "glass and steel structures, it may not be necessary to maintain", "l2wLKqRy66M-00430-00152580-00152748": "as many of them into the future.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00431-00152748-00152917": "One can go down the list of ways", "l2wLKqRy66M-00432-00152917-00153367": "in which one can make the whole energy picture better", "l2wLKqRy66M-00433-00153367-00153695": "without the sacrifice of the quality of life.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00434-00153695-00153991": "In fact, to some degree, with improvement of it.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00435-00154019-00154449": "As the pandemic itself recedes, the last thing we want to do is", "l2wLKqRy66M-00436-00154449-00154586": "to say, \"Oh gee. You know,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00437-00154586-00154869": "we're just going to to greenwash the previous economy,\"", "l2wLKqRy66M-00438-00154890-00155088": "because you just add a lot of", "l2wLKqRy66M-00439-00155088-00155327": "green energy sources to what you had before.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00440-00155327-00155665": "You're not dealing with a climate problem. You're simply increasing...", "l2wLKqRy66M-00441-00155665-00155966": "the CO2 load keeps going up. That's the issue.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00442-00156000-00156417": "You've have to figure out how to live well while actually using, emitting", "l2wLKqRy66M-00443-00156417-00156636": "less of that stuff into the atmosphere.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00444-00156722-00157410": "[David] I think for all, for myself even, just hearing how breathtakingly", "l2wLKqRy66M-00445-00157410-00157835": "ambitious the New Deal vision was, not just the vision, the implementation", "l2wLKqRy66M-00446-00157835-00158282": "was, is deeply inspiring. I think it's also jarring", "l2wLKqRy66M-00447-00158282-00158844": "to contrast that the dimensions of the original New Deal with", "l2wLKqRy66M-00448-00158844-00159153": "what is on the table in the form of this so-called Green Deal", "l2wLKqRy66M-00449-00159153-00159648": "which of course, steals so much legitimacy from that concept and", "l2wLKqRy66M-00450-00159648-00159865": "from the Green New Deal movement more broadly,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00451-00159885-00160280": "as it's taken root in places like the United States, but has so little", "l2wLKqRy66M-00452-00160280-00160865": "of the content. It's not just the vision. It's also the politics", "l2wLKqRy66M-00453-00160865-00161260": "that under-gird that vision. It's the coalition for whom", "l2wLKqRy66M-00454-00161260-00161630": "that new deal speaks. I think in Europe, one of the challenges", "l2wLKqRy66M-00455-00161630-00162111": "that we face as DiEM in trying to build a Green New deal for Europe", "l2wLKqRy66M-00456-00162111-00162666": "movement that is across the continent is that for so long workers in Europe", "l2wLKqRy66M-00457-00162666-00163149": "have been portrayed for cynical reasons as well as", "l2wLKqRy66M-00458-00163149-00163559": "substantive ones as fundamental barriers to the Green transition as", "l2wLKqRy66M-00459-00163559-00163952": "fundamentally the antagonists of the efforts to decarbonize.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00460-00164002-00164415": "We have a classic sort of proletarian and young precarious split.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00461-00164415-00164743": "You've got the student strikers in the streets who are fundamentally", "l2wLKqRy66M-00462-00164743-00165009": "opposed to the miners in the countryside,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00463-00165053-00165350": "and that here's no way  to bridge those two constituencies,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00464-00165350-00165582": "and catering to the former will ignite the latter", "l2wLKqRy66M-00465-00165582-00165719": "and catering to the latter", "l2wLKqRy66M-00466-00165719-00166121": "will of course inflame tensions in the liberal parties that aim", "l2wLKqRy66M-00467-00166121-00166538": "to represent the former. So, what we've ended up with is this", "l2wLKqRy66M-00468-00166538-00166912": "what I've with my colleague, Pavel Varga previously called", "l2wLKqRy66M-00469-00166912-00167239": "a decarbonization without democracy.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00470-00167239-00167661": "It's this way of \"doing\" decarbonization. We've talked about the reliance on", "l2wLKqRy66M-00471-00167661-00168042": "the private sector and nudging it with these with green taxonomies", "l2wLKqRy66M-00472-00168042-00168158": "that are deeply flawed.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00473-00168158-00168379": "We don't have to get into the details of that.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00474-00168379-00168582": "But, essentially, it's not about driving a", "l2wLKqRy66M-00475-00168582-00168870": "democratic transformation in the process of stripping carbon", "l2wLKqRy66M-00476-00168870-00169164": "from the economy. It's about preserving technocratic power", "l2wLKqRy66M-00477-00169164-00169534": "and making at most, a very defensive position.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00478-00169534-00169913": "These light touch interventions which claim", "l2wLKqRy66M-00479-00169913-00170264": "not to be threatening the social order", "l2wLKqRy66M-00480-00170264-00170519": "and the underlying fabric of these communities", "l2wLKqRy66M-00481-00170554-00170978": "but, in the process, provide really paltry sums,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00482-00171083-00171580": "seven billion euros over seven years for a Just Transition fund.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00483-00171580-00171835": "Right, to say \"Okay, we know there's going to be some", "l2wLKqRy66M-00484-00171835-00172121": "social dislocation in the process of the Green Transition.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00485-00172121-00172436": "We'll just throw some pennies to the Hungarians or the Poles.\"", "l2wLKqRy66M-00486-00172436-00172770": "Right, which of course is going to line the pockets of the capitalists", "l2wLKqRy66M-00487-00172770-00173176": "whose coal mines and and in factories are put out of business", "l2wLKqRy66M-00488-00173176-00173563": "in the course of the Green Transition. But, this is not a worker empowerment.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00489-00173563-00173722": "This is not even a jobs program.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00490-00173722-00173937": "I spoke a bit before  about the dominance...", "l2wLKqRy66M-00491-00173937-00174248": "[James] Are you serious? Seven billion over seven years?", "l2wLKqRy66M-00492-00174248-00174365": "[David] Yeah.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00493-00174365-00174685": "[James] The Navy couldn't build an aircraft carrier for that", "l2wLKqRy66M-00494-00174685-00174814": "in the United States.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00495-00174814-00175149": "[David] But it's being sold, the language that von der Leyen uses:", "l2wLKqRy66M-00496-00175149-00175433": "\"We leave no one behind. This is the European way.\"", "l2wLKqRy66M-00497-00175433-00176055": "I mean the most pompous rhetoric around what the Just Transition means.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00498-00176055-00176316": "[James] I trust not many people are fooled.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00499-00176316-00176518": "[David] Well you'd be surprised about the", "l2wLKqRy66M-00500-00176518-00176728": "quality of journalism in the Brussels bubble.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00501-00176728-00176902": "But, without trying to slander", "l2wLKqRy66M-00502-00176902-00177105": "my colleagues too much just across the pond", "l2wLKqRy66M-00503-00177105-00177598": "I think there's a question about what...", "l2wLKqRy66M-00504-00177598-00178027": "[James] I've long taken the view that Western consumers of journalism are", "l2wLKqRy66M-00505-00178027-00178539": "at least as clever as the old Soviet readers of Pravda and Izvestiya", "l2wLKqRy66M-00506-00178600-00179337": "and that one should not overrate the power of journalism", "l2wLKqRy66M-00507-00179337-00179908": "to fool people to believe things that they can clearly see are not true.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00508-00179908-00180449": "Let me come to this question of the coalition because", "l2wLKqRy66M-00509-00180449-00180991": "this division has it's parallels in every democratic society.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00510-00180991-00181351": "One can say that the loss of the working class,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00511-00181351-00181633": "particularly the white working class of the United States,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00512-00181633-00182057": "was the phenomenon that delivered the country to Donald Trump in 2016.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00513-00182174-00182655": "That loss goes back to a split that goes back 30 or 40 years", "l2wLKqRy66M-00514-00182655-00183001": "really beginning with the Vietnam war. These are issues that have to be", "l2wLKqRy66M-00515-00183001-00183588": "dealt with but, the way to deal with them is to present a program that", "l2wLKqRy66M-00516-00183588-00184456": "meets the social and economic requirements of all significant factions,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00517-00184514-00184872": "in all significant groups. Again, I want to come back", "l2wLKqRy66M-00518-00184872-00185139": "to the model of the New Deal in that respect.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00519-00185139-00185288": "The New Deal was not perfect.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00520-00185288-00185754": "It did not meet the social requirements of progress for African Americans", "l2wLKqRy66M-00521-00185754-00186238": "in the United States. That came later in the 1960s.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00522-00186238-00186976": "But, amongst the political constituencies that it pulled together,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00523-00186976-00187285": "it was a very significant and wide ranging.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00524-00187342-00188161": "It did not just focus on building dams and new industries and so forth.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00525-00188161-00188508": "It was a project that built up communities.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00526-00188728-00189100": "Viewers in Europe may want to check out the website of a group", "l2wLKqRy66M-00527-00189100-00189278": "called The Living New Deal.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00528-00189278-00189401": "https://livingnewdeal.org", "l2wLKqRy66M-00529-00189401-00189846": "I think it is. Which maps out just exactly how many things happened", "l2wLKqRy66M-00530-00189846-00190103": "in the United States, were built in the United States,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00531-00190103-00190374": "that are still with us that were products of the New Deal.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00532-00190374-00190697": "There are many, many thousands of them all over the country.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00533-00190723-00191053": "It was very, very big. Many big things, many, many", "l2wLKqRy66M-00534-00191053-00191373": "very much smaller things, but in addition to that,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00535-00191433-00192052": "the New Deal was also a cultural and artistic phenomenon.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00536-00192052-00192689": "It also supported communities that bring us together as a population,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00537-00192689-00193128": "that define our, if you like, our cultural and our national identity.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00538-00193128-00193766": "And in way, at the time, that strongly, strongly emphasized", "l2wLKqRy66M-00539-00193766-00194141": "the rights and the power of the common person.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00540-00194141-00194361": "This was the era of the common man.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00541-00194423-00194708": "You can see this in murals. You can see this in sculptures.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00542-00194708-00195040": "You can see this in photography. You can see this in painting.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00543-00195040-00195384": "You can see this in every dimension of cultural life that was backed", "l2wLKqRy66M-00544-00195384-00195507": "by the New Deal.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00545-00195532-00195916": "As we come out of the pandemic, we need to think about these things.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00546-00195916-00196704": "We need to think about what it will take to bring meaningful employment", "l2wLKqRy66M-00547-00196704-00197002": "back to the whole population.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00548-00197002-00197313": "This has been the scourge of Europe for decades since the 1970s.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00549-00197449-00197559": "They are not...", "l2wLKqRy66M-00550-00197559-00197744": "for the Francophones I'll mention", "l2wLKqRy66M-00551-00197744-00198211": "the magnificent bande dessinée, Le choix du chômage,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00552-00198211-00198842": "by my friend Benoît Collombat and a  colleague of his, Damien Cuvillier,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00553-00198862-00199365": "which has just been published, that illustrates this history for France.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00554-00199419-00200559": "The story here is that I don't think that  the network, if you like, of profit-seeking", "l2wLKqRy66M-00555-00200559-00201229": "services businesses, ordinary businesses, is going to return in the scale that is", "l2wLKqRy66M-00556-00201229-00201481": "required to provide people with meaningful employment.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00557-00201499-00201730": "We're going to have to as a democratic movement,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00558-00201730-00202148": "think about how to structure cooperatives, how to structure other kinds", "l2wLKqRy66M-00559-00202148-00202594": "of entities that can make that sort of work available and sustainable.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00560-00202626-00202900": "Another economist, my friend, Pavlina Tcherneva,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00561-00202931-00203404": "has a put a proposal together which is articulated in a number of", "l2wLKqRy66M-00562-00203404-00204072": "national contexts, in the U.S. and Europe for a job guarantee for using", "l2wLKqRy66M-00563-00204072-00204448": "the public employment program, public and non-profit employment", "l2wLKqRy66M-00564-00204448-00204865": "as a way for people to always have a job available doing", "l2wLKqRy66M-00565-00204865-00205291": "something useful. So nobody has to be obliged", "l2wLKqRy66M-00566-00205291-00205669": "to be unemployed, to sit around waiting, filing applications and", "l2wLKqRy66M-00567-00205669-00205881": "waiting for someone to come calling.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00568-00205946-00206325": "That is a device which causes people to waste years of their lives,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00569-00206325-00207063": "to lose their morale, their skills, their meaning really of making", "l2wLKqRy66M-00570-00207063-00207413": "a contribution. We can do something about that.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00571-00207413-00207873": "A job guarantee program is a very effective way to approach the problem.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00572-00207982-00208442": "As people are required by private sector employers,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00573-00208442-00208660": "they'll hire people who are already employed.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00574-00208703-00208990": "They'll hire people who are away from the job guarantee.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00575-00208990-00209373": "Which is a good thing too. There are ways to reconstruct our society.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00576-00209373-00209754": "That's what a Green New Deal needs to think about doing", "l2wLKqRy66M-00577-00209754-00210029": "in a very wide-ranging and comprehensive manner.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00578-00210303-00210676": "[David] For the final section of the conversation, I think it would be helpful", "l2wLKqRy66M-00579-00210676-00210984": "to shift from looking at these cases. We've spent a lot of time", "l2wLKqRy66M-00580-00210984-00211269": "talking about the case of United States for very good reasons", "l2wLKqRy66M-00581-00211269-00211434": "because of its hegemonic position", "l2wLKqRy66M-00582-00211434-00211728": "and its particular leadership and the privilege that it has...", "l2wLKqRy66M-00583-00211728-00211911": "[James] Shakily a hegemonic position.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00584-00211911-00212250": "[David] Shakily a hegemonic position. Temporarily a hegemonic position.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00585-00212250-00212635": "Talking about Europe naturally because this is The Democracy in Europe Movement.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00586-00212635-00212977": "But, of course, when it comes to climate change it's going to be global.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00587-00212977-00213342": "Or it's going to be nothing at all. In the case of Europe,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00588-00213342-00213460": "if you look at how...", "l2wLKqRy66M-00589-00213460-00213791": "I mentioned this in my previous rant, before you spoke last", "l2wLKqRy66M-00590-00213791-00214002": "about the ways in which", "l2wLKqRy66M-00591-00214002-00214457": "there's a real risk of decarbonization on the inside of the continenets", "l2wLKqRy66M-00592-00214457-00214735": "simply exporting those carbon emissions to the outside.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00593-00214735-00215196": "Then holding up this A+ report card to the world and marching through the halls", "l2wLKqRy66M-00594-00215196-00215819": "of COP26 in Glasgow saying. \"Aren't I great? Pat me on the back\"", "l2wLKqRy66M-00595-00215819-00216194": "which Europe is very inclined to do in this new strain of exceptionalism.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00596-00216425-00216731": "[James] I'm glad to say David, that you and I are not citizens of", "l2wLKqRy66M-00597-00216731-00217010": "a country that has any tendency to pat itself on the back.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00598-00217078-00217423": "It's the epitome of modesty and self-effacement.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00599-00217494-00217867": "[David] Jamie, as a young cosmopolitan rootless Jew,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00600-00217867-00218362": "I feel I have no patria! [Laughter]", "l2wLKqRy66M-00601-00218362-00219007": "I've been dissapointed. I'll be honest with you. I've been dissapointed", "l2wLKqRy66M-00602-00219007-00219482": "in proposals that I've seen tabled in the United States, certainly in Europe", "l2wLKqRy66M-00603-00219482-00219811": "for how we might internationalize the Green New Deal.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00604-00219811-00220177": "What would it mean to go global to something that my colleague", "l2wLKqRy66M-00605-00220177-00220613": "Yanis Varoufakis in MeRa25 has written about how we might put", "l2wLKqRy66M-00606-00220613-00220978": "together something like an organization for emergency...", "l2wLKqRy66M-00607-00220978-00221185": "an OEEC for the 21st century.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00608-00221185-00221433": "Something that could really take this on the scale.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00609-00221662-00222079": "How do you feel about , thinking  through where the Green New Deal is at,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00610-00222079-00222244": "what are the barriers to thinking", "l2wLKqRy66M-00611-00222244-00222573": "through this question of how we can deliver a global Green New Deal,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00612-00222573-00222833": "a global Green and Just Transition?", "l2wLKqRy66M-00613-00222833-00223167": "How we can have the conversation you were just suggesting that we have", "l2wLKqRy66M-00614-00223167-00223406": "about what kind of society  we want to live in,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00615-00223406-00223619": "about what kind of jobs we want to provide,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00616-00223619-00223814": "about what kind of lives we want to live.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00617-00223814-00224158": "How do we begin to have that on the scale that it requires given that", "l2wLKqRy66M-00618-00224158-00224633": "no country's green transition happens in isolation?", "l2wLKqRy66M-00619-00224688-00224982": "[James] Okay. So let's begin, I'll take this up in two pieces.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00620-00224982-00225369": "The first piece is that for dealing specifically", "l2wLKqRy66M-00621-00225369-00225636": "with the problem of climate change", "l2wLKqRy66M-00622-00225636-00225999": "in the planet, one has to deal with the largest economic entities.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00623-00225999-00226452": "They are North America, Europe and China essentially, China and Japan.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00624-00226605-00226996": "Those are a manageable coalition if you put it together", "l2wLKqRy66M-00625-00226996-00227217": "and do it in a serious way.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00626-00227217-00227538": "You can make a very serious effect. Now obviously, you've got other", "l2wLKqRy66M-00627-00227538-00227647": "parts of the world.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00628-00228043-00228381": "Deforestation is an issue. You've got a whole host of other things.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00629-00228460-00228961": "But, putting first things first, one has to go for the big prizes", "l2wLKqRy66M-00630-00228961-00229371": "and get them under control and then proceed. As far as the rest", "l2wLKqRy66M-00631-00229371-00229611": "of the world is concerned. I should mention India", "l2wLKqRy66M-00632-00229611-00230087": "is also a very big case. As far as the rest of the world is concerned,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00633-00230181-00230607": "then to my mind, the first thing that one has to do is to put", "l2wLKqRy66M-00634-00230607-00231067": "the financial relationships between the wealthy and the less wealthy countries", "l2wLKqRy66M-00635-00231109-00231481": "on a just and sustainable basis.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00636-00231548-00231871": "Debts that will not be, that cannot be paid, will not be paid.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00637-00231946-00232519": "Debts that are burdensome and oppressive need to be written down or written off.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00638-00232657-00233130": "We need to have a structure for preventing, from getting away from,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00639-00233130-00233589": "this idea that development is a function of foreign investment", "l2wLKqRy66M-00640-00233661-00233834": "or the accumulation of new debts.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00641-00233914-00234414": "My friend, Luiz Carlos Bresser-Pereira and Brazil has very good argument that", "l2wLKqRy66M-00642-00234414-00234877": "while we can have good benefits out of trade, and particularly learning and", "l2wLKqRy66M-00643-00234877-00235261": "transfer of technology, the country should maintain control over", "l2wLKqRy66M-00644-00235261-00235504": "their own financial environments.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00645-00235565-00235863": "That should be facilitated by international organizations.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00646-00235863-00236284": "If we can make that change, it's actually within the ambit of the", "l2wLKqRy66M-00647-00236284-00236428": "charter of the IMF.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00648-00236428-00236588": "But the IMF has lost sight of it.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00649-00236632-00236858": "But if we can make that change,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00650-00236858-00237563": "then we would have to restructure and really change the power position", "l2wLKqRy66M-00651-00237563-00237784": "of the financial sector  in the rich countries.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00652-00237784-00238192": "Because we're going to restructure creditor-debtor relationships,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00653-00238192-00238546": "you're going to basically be reducing the financial claims", "l2wLKqRy66M-00654-00238624-00238975": "and therefore the wealth of the oligarchs of the West.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00655-00238975-00239238": "And that's a big challenge for any democratic movement.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00656-00239238-00239378": "I mean this goes back to,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00657-00239378-00239605": "- let's mention our friend Yanis Varoufakis,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00658-00239605-00239907": "who'd be the first to remind us that you could have oligarchy", "l2wLKqRy66M-00659-00239907-00240197": "or democracy but you cannot have both together.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00660-00240197-00240319": "They are not compatible.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00661-00240319-00240732": "That is something that the Athenians knew very well,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00662-00240732-00241325": "and some things are are reproduced throughout history.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00663-00241393-00241630": "[David] Just to stay there for one minute,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00664-00241630-00241931": "just because, well, I'm interested in your thoughts about this.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00665-00242126-00242390": "We certainly share this this vision", "l2wLKqRy66M-00666-00242390-00242625": "of this broad restructuring of the global economy", "l2wLKqRy66M-00667-00242625-00242890": "as the kind of precondition to any serious conversation", "l2wLKqRy66M-00668-00242890-00243131": "about what a global Green New Deal might look like.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00669-00243131-00243411": "Certainly about what the claims of justice or democracy", "l2wLKqRy66M-00670-00243411-00243648": "might look like in those countries which are stuck", "l2wLKqRy66M-00671-00243648-00243885": "in these relations of dependence", "l2wLKqRy66M-00672-00243940-00244141": "along the periphery of the global economy.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00673-00244191-00244511": "The IMF may have its headquarters in Washington D.C.,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00674-00244511-00244742": "but let's not forget a gentleman's agreement", "l2wLKqRy66M-00675-00244742-00245119": "that ensures European leadership at its helm.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00676-00245155-00245296": "So, I wonder if...", "l2wLKqRy66M-00677-00245296-00245641": "You're speaking of course to a broadly North Atlantic audience", "l2wLKqRy66M-00678-00245641-00246128": "but lots of Europeans who are there care about this issue,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00679-00246128-00246482": "and I wonder what are the chief barriers", "l2wLKqRy66M-00680-00246482-00246858": "to delivering this kind of transformation?", "l2wLKqRy66M-00681-00246858-00247096": "Jamie you've had great experiences,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00682-00247096-00247585": "not only working domestically in U.S. government,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00683-00247585-00247879": "but traveling the world and working with different governments", "l2wLKqRy66M-00684-00247879-00248265": "and seeing that multilateral system and its promises and its perils", "l2wLKqRy66M-00685-00248265-00248685": "and its falsehoods, and its opportunities for transformation,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00686-00248685-00248984": "and I wonder, looking at this crisis,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00687-00248984-00249445": "many have described what we're up against as the greatest debt crisis in history,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00688-00249486-00249632": "on the heels of this pandemic,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00689-00249632-00249789": "which could become even worse", "l2wLKqRy66M-00690-00249789-00250069": "as we end up in a world where the global north", "l2wLKqRy66M-00691-00250069-00250625": "is broadly \"post-pandemic\" and the global south is certainly mid-pandemic", "l2wLKqRy66M-00692-00250625-00250765": "for a couple years to come.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00693-00250837-00251191": "How do we make sense of the opportunities that from the global north,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00694-00251191-00251347": "or indeed from the global south,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00695-00251347-00251538": "we might have to transform that system,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00696-00251538-00251760": "especially given what we're being told", "l2wLKqRy66M-00697-00251760-00251986": "is a historic political opportunity structure", "l2wLKqRy66M-00698-00251986-00252571": "with a sort of alignment of non-national populist forces in those two great blocks", "l2wLKqRy66M-00699-00252571-00252719": "of Europe the United States?", "l2wLKqRy66M-00700-00252767-00253096": "[James] Well, let me speak to the situation first of all internally", "l2wLKqRy66M-00701-00253096-00253202": "in the United States,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00702-00253202-00253788": "because there's a consciousness here that is going to be raised,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00703-00253788-00254061": "if it hasn't been raised already as time goes on:", "l2wLKqRy66M-00704-00254103-00254376": "American households remain deeply in debt.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00705-00254376-00254932": "Now it's obvious that giving them funds enables them to get by", "l2wLKqRy66M-00706-00255011-00255442": "but an increasing percentage of people are behind on their rent,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00707-00255497-00255778": "and are in forebearance on their mortgages,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00708-00255832-00256237": "and at some point those bills are going to come due", "l2wLKqRy66M-00709-00256237-00256428": "and the question is what happens then?", "l2wLKqRy66M-00710-00256446-00256658": "Do you say \"Too bad.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00711-00256658-00257094": "You have to basically head out on the street", "l2wLKqRy66M-00712-00257094-00257309": "so your places can be repossessed\"?", "l2wLKqRy66M-00713-00257309-00257804": "Or do you say \"Look, we understand what you had to do,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00714-00257804-00258194": "losing your job, losing your income, staying home for a year, year and a half,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00715-00258194-00258557": "was necessary for the larger society, for public health,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00716-00258623-00258975": "and therefore these debts are gone.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00717-00258975-00259323": "Well if you make that case internally, you can make it also externally.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00718-00259356-00259582": "You can make it with respect to the whole world.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00719-00259684-00260483": "I think there's a kind of sympathy", "l2wLKqRy66M-00720-00260483-00260795": "or at least a common interest here", "l2wLKqRy66M-00721-00260879-00261387": "which is going to be hard to conceal from people as time goes on.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00722-00261544-00261706": "In terms of the wider world,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00723-00261706-00261990": "these are issues that I've dealt with all my life,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00724-00262060-00262585": "going back to the New York City financial crisis in 1975", "l2wLKqRy66M-00725-00262585-00262874": "when I was 23 and on the staff of the House Banking Committee", "l2wLKqRy66M-00726-00262874-00263152": "and I was called upon to draft the first plan", "l2wLKqRy66M-00727-00263152-00263503": "and I put in it, with my 23-year-old enthusiasm,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00728-00263503-00263889": "that the bondholder should take a hit,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00729-00263889-00264237": "that they should be haircut as part of any any resolution.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00730-00264283-00264496": "And this provoked a telephone call", "l2wLKqRy66M-00731-00264496-00264841": "- and it's probably a good way to wrap up the show, to tell this story -", "l2wLKqRy66M-00732-00264841-00265059": "that telephone call from a senior figure,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00733-00265059-00265364": "former governor of New York, resident of Georgetown", "l2wLKqRy66M-00734-00265364-00265531": "by the name of Averell Harriman,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00735-00265531-00265774": "who wanted a briefing on this subject", "l2wLKqRy66M-00736-00265774-00266129": "and my boss, the congressman, very good guy,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00737-00266129-00266514": "social democratic congressman from Milwaukee, Henry Royce,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00738-00266514-00266711": "sent me over to brief Governor Harriman,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00739-00266762-00266965": "who greeted me in his drawing room", "l2wLKqRy66M-00740-00266965-00267257": "and he was in his pajamas, he'd broken his hip,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00741-00267387-00267881": "and there was a Van Gogh on the wall", "l2wLKqRy66M-00742-00267907-00268203": "and a Dagas ballerina under glass,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00743-00268203-00268671": "and between the two of them I delivered little explanation", "l2wLKqRy66M-00744-00268671-00268885": "of why I thought the bondholders had to pay,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00745-00268985-00269130": "had to take a hit,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00746-00269130-00269356": "and he leaned forward on his cane and he said", "l2wLKqRy66M-00747-00269356-00269862": "\"I understand completely. Capital must pay as well as labor.\"", "l2wLKqRy66M-00748-00269983-00270178": "And I think it's a pretty good story.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00749-00270367-00270786": "In this situation we all understand that, frankly,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00750-00270786-00270927": "we're all in the same boat.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00751-00270927-00271094": "Labor has already paid,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00752-00271183-00271305": "capital has not,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00753-00271458-00271849": "and fixing things at the national level, the international level,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00754-00271849-00272124": "is going to require a big adjustment for capital.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00755-00272189-00272696": "It is one which gets us back to situations we have lived with,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00756-00272696-00272852": "at least I have,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00757-00272852-00273195": "because capital played a much smaller role in banking,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00758-00273195-00273530": "finance played a much smaller role in the years before the 1970s", "l2wLKqRy66M-00759-00273530-00273668": "than it did afterwards,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00760-00273688-00273964": "and those years were more stable, more prosperous,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00761-00274040-00274383": "more democratic in some respects, than the one since,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00762-00274436-00274599": "and we simply, as I say,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00763-00274599-00274949": "we cannot be ruled democratically and financially", "l2wLKqRy66M-00764-00274949-00275033": "at the same time.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00765-00275033-00275232": "And for me this is an easy choice.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00766-00275350-00275728": "[David] Well on that call to solidarity,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00767-00275728-00276172": "on that call indeed to courage for whatever 23-year-old", "l2wLKqRy66M-00768-00276172-00276930": "is watching now who happens to hold their pen", "l2wLKqRy66M-00769-00276930-00277497": "hanging over the policy to drive us towards a more just and democratic world,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00770-00277497-00277992": "I want to thank my esteemed colleague and guest this evening, Jamie Galbraith.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00771-00277992-00278306": "It's a pleasure to see you and have you on DiEM TV this evening.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00772-00278306-00278639": "[James] It's always a pleasure, David, and keep up all the good work", "l2wLKqRy66M-00773-00278639-00279013": "and good luck as you are heading off to Ecuador for a very good cause", "l2wLKqRy66M-00774-00279013-00279115": "in a few days.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00775-00279142-00279232": "[David] Indeed.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00776-00279232-00279308": "So, stay tuned!", "l2wLKqRy66M-00777-00279308-00279450": "Thank you all for watching.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00778-00279450-00279723": "Please make sure to subscribe to DiEM TV,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00779-00279723-00279843": "to donate to DiEM25,", "l2wLKqRy66M-00780-00279843-00280057": "to join the movement if you have not already.", "l2wLKqRy66M-00781-00280057-00280289": "It's been a pleasure to have you here this evening", "l2wLKqRy66M-00782-00280289-00280423": "and I hope to see you soon!", "l2wLKqRy66M-00783-00280423-00280509": "Take care."}}, {"audio_id": "l2AelRvhrXu", "text": {"l2AelRvhrXu-00000-00000080-00000368": "6.3 working with normally distributed variables.", "l2AelRvhrXu-00001-00000368-00000512": "So example one I think we looked", "l2AelRvhrXu-00002-00000512-00000704": "at these rattlesnakes already. The length", "l2AelRvhrXu-00003-00000704-00001032": "of a western rattlesnake is normally distributed with a mean", "l2AelRvhrXu-00004-00001152-00001544": "of 42 inches and a standard deviation of 2 inches", "l2AelRvhrXu-00005-00001544-00001928": "and X is my variable, my length of Western rattlesnakes.", "l2AelRvhrXu-00006-00001928-00002112": "So because I know it's normally distributed", "l2AelRvhrXu-00007-00002112-00002352": "when I sketch the distribution of X,", "l2AelRvhrXu-00008-00002352-00002496": "I know it fits that normal curve.", "l2AelRvhrXu-00009-00002728-00002920": "The number that goes in the middle is the mean", "l2AelRvhrXu-00010-00002920-00003064": "so 42 goes in the middle,", "l2AelRvhrXu-00011-00003192-00003528": "or the center and then we count by 2s three times", "l2AelRvhrXu-00012-00003592-00004312": "for standard deviation of 2 so 1 2 3 so that will be 44 46 48", "l2AelRvhrXu-00013-00004376-00004856": "and then we'll subtract 40 38 and 36", "l2AelRvhrXu-00014-00004856-00005080": "and this is X for lengths of rattlesnakes.", "l2AelRvhrXu-00015-00005520-00005984": "We always do three because of that 99.7% was", "l2AelRvhrXu-00016-00005984-00006136": "within three standard deviations.", "l2AelRvhrXu-00017-00006264-00006431": "So what we're going to learn this section is we're going", "l2AelRvhrXu-00018-00006431-00006704": "to convert data to standard normal, which is the Z.", "l2AelRvhrXu-00019-00007120-00007240": "And the reason we like this is", "l2AelRvhrXu-00020-00007240-00007431": "that basically makes all data look the same", "l2AelRvhrXu-00021-00007528-00007848": "and then it's really easy to calculate information about it.", "l2AelRvhrXu-00022-00007848-00008144": "So if we want to identify and sketch the distribution of Z", "l2AelRvhrXu-00023-00008144-00008512": "for this variable, Z is always the same 0 goes", "l2AelRvhrXu-00024-00008512-00009128": "in the middle we go 1 2 3 negative 1 negative 2 negative 3", "l2AelRvhrXu-00025-00009128-00009240": "and that's the Z-curve.", "l2AelRvhrXu-00026-00009240-00009984": "It's always the same.", "l2AelRvhrXu-00027-00010144-00010272": "So this one's gonna be really useful", "l2AelRvhrXu-00028-00010272-00010448": "because we can use those calculator functions", "l2AelRvhrXu-00029-00010448-00010816": "from last section to make conclusions about any data set.", "l2AelRvhrXu-00030-00010816-00011408": "So the standardized version of a random variable", "l2AelRvhrXu-00031-00011408-00012184": "is the data value minus the mean, so x minus mu, all", "l2AelRvhrXu-00032-00012184-00012536": "over the standard deviation, the same z-score formula", "l2AelRvhrXu-00033-00012536-00012696": "we've been using all semester.", "l2AelRvhrXu-00034-00012696-00012936": "So we've actually done this before we just didn't do it", "l2AelRvhrXu-00035-00012936-00013184": "for this reason and it represents", "l2AelRvhrXu-00036-00013184-00013512": "the number of standard deviations X is away", "l2AelRvhrXu-00037-00013512-00014191": "from the mean and the reason this is really important is the", "l2AelRvhrXu-00038-00014191-00014304": "area is actually the same.", "l2AelRvhrXu-00039-00014416-00014584": "So if we find the area from a to b", "l2AelRvhrXu-00040-00015016-00015104": "on the X curve", "l2AelRvhrXu-00041-00015160-00015368": "and then we find the corresponding Z scores,", "l2AelRvhrXu-00042-00015504-00015728": "we can find the area between those two z-scores.", "l2AelRvhrXu-00043-00015832-00016080": "So it just allows us to find probabilities", "l2AelRvhrXu-00044-00016080-00016288": "and percents for any data set.", "l2AelRvhrXu-00045-00016408-00016680": "So the area under the normal curve between mu", "l2AelRvhrXu-00046-00016872-00017344": "and sigma that lies between a and b is the same or equal", "l2AelRvhrXu-00047-00017480-00017640": "to the area under the normal curve", "l2AelRvhrXu-00048-00017696-00018184": "where we have Z1 is a minus mu over sigma,", "l2AelRvhrXu-00049-00018184-00018296": "so that's my first Z score", "l2AelRvhrXu-00050-00018352-00018608": "And my second z-scores b minus mu over sigma.", "l2AelRvhrXu-00051-00018736-00018928": "And so this is going to be a really nice property", "l2AelRvhrXu-00052-00018928-00019032": "to make conclusions.", "l2AelRvhrXu-00053-00019128-00019248": "So let's try an example.", "l2AelRvhrXu-00054-00019608-00020056": "so example two I'll go through the steps as we do this example,", "l2AelRvhrXu-00055-00020144-00020672": "we have the area to the right of 60 and we know the mean is 50", "l2AelRvhrXu-00056-00020672-00020888": "and the standard deviation is 15.", "l2AelRvhrXu-00057-00021064-00021280": "So step one is to draw the normal curve.", "l2AelRvhrXu-00058-00021512-00021704": "I usually just draw the curve and then I", "l2AelRvhrXu-00059-00021704-00021832": "at least put the mean in the middle.", "l2AelRvhrXu-00060-00021920-00022176": "I maybe don't label the standard deviation every", "l2AelRvhrXu-00061-00022176-00022232": "single time.", "l2AelRvhrXu-00062-00022432-00022640": "We're going to go ahead and shade the area to be found.", "l2AelRvhrXu-00063-00022768-00022976": "So we want to find the area to the right of 60.", "l2AelRvhrXu-00064-00022976-00023344": "So I'll just approximate where 60 is and I'll shade the area.", "l2AelRvhrXu-00065-00023960-00024144": "And then we're going to compute the z-score", "l2AelRvhrXu-00066-00024144-00024496": "so we can't use normalcdf yet because it's not standardized.", "l2AelRvhrXu-00067-00024496-00024664": "So we're going to compute the z-score", "l2AelRvhrXu-00068-00024928-00025088": "and mark them on the graph.", "l2AelRvhrXu-00069-00025160-00025384": "So let's find the z-score.", "l2AelRvhrXu-00070-00025695-00025864": "This is standardizing our data.", "l2AelRvhrXu-00071-00026344-00026783": "So we'll say Z is 60 minus 50", "l2AelRvhrXu-00072-00026895-00027008": "all over 15", "l2AelRvhrXu-00073-00027976-00028183": "and I got 0.6667", "l2AelRvhrXu-00074-00028439-00028832": "So I just write myself a little note, Z is 0.6667.", "l2AelRvhrXu-00075-00028832-00029016": "So if we went to that normal curve instead", "l2AelRvhrXu-00076-00029016-00029352": "of the standard normal, it would be .6667", "l2AelRvhrXu-00077-00029352-00029712": "so a little bit before 1. So we did step 3,", "l2AelRvhrXu-00078-00029712-00030032": "and now we can finally use normalcdf and we need", "l2AelRvhrXu-00079-00030032-00030224": "to have Z scores to use normalcdf.", "l2AelRvhrXu-00080-00030288-00030424": "That's why we had to do that step.", "l2AelRvhrXu-00081-00030672-00030776": "So we'll do the same thing", "l2AelRvhrXu-00082-00030776-00030983": "we did in 6.2 We'll do normal CDF.", "l2AelRvhrXu-00083-00031104-00031256": "You'll do your lower endpoint", "l2AelRvhrXu-00084-00031256-00031527": "which is 0.6667", "l2AelRvhrXu-00085-00031527-00031776": "And then since we just keep going we're going to Infinity", "l2AelRvhrXu-00086-00031895-00032383": "so 10 to the 99 and this will output our area.", "l2AelRvhrXu-00087-00032544-00033112": "so 2nd, distribution, lower, upper", "l2AelRvhrXu-00088-00033304-00033776": "So normalcdf 0.6667 comma 10 to the 99", "l2AelRvhrXu-00089-00033776-00034240": "and we get an area of about 25%, 0.2524", "l2AelRvhrXu-00090-00034312-00034472": "And so that would be area under the curve.", "l2AelRvhrXu-00091-00034576-00034872": "So really similar to 6.2 you just have", "l2AelRvhrXu-00092-00034872-00035200": "to find the z-score before you can use normalcdf", "l2AelRvhrXu-00093-00035200-00035448": "and what's nice is we have found z-score before we've done it", "l2AelRvhrXu-00094-00035448-00035496": "a lot.", "l2AelRvhrXu-00095-00035496-00035944": "We just haven't done it with this extra information."}}, {"audio_id": "l2IddoH-Gsc", "text": {"l2IddoH-Gsc-00000-00000140-00000463": "Sarkis Mazmanian: Okay, thank you to the organizers, and to", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00001-00000463-00000680": "Annette and Mike for the introduction.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00002-00000680-00001241": "And so I'll talk to you about some of our work, looking not solely at the immune system,", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00003-00001241-00001349": "but at colonization factors.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00004-00001349-00001843": "And I think that many of the introductory slides that I normally use are taken out of", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00005-00001843-00002057": "this presentation because they have already been given.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00006-00002057-00002533": "But I wanted to remind you of the data that we've already seen, mostly yesterday, and", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00007-00002533-00002998": "then Maria's work as well, thinking about the succession of organisms that colonize", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00008-00002998-00003622": "the infant, and how we assemble our microbiomes, and what are the molecular mechanisms by which", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00009-00003622-00003779": "we assemble our microbiomes.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00010-00003779-00004288": "And that's really what our lab is interested in, is trying to understand, on an experimental", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00011-00004288-00004894": "level, on a molecular level, how microbes colonize us, and subsequently, how they confer", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00012-00004894-00005302": "benefits in terms of immunologic and neurologic health.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00013-00005302-00005825": "And so one introductory slide only just to remind you about this notion of dysbiosis", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00014-00005825-00006247": "or alterations, and so this is just another way of looking at the data that we have already", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00015-00006247-00006347": "seen.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00016-00006347-00007106": "This is a healthy gut in people, looking across many regions of the gut, and highlighting", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00017-00007106-00007750": "the importance or the prominence of bacteroidetes and Firmicutes in a healthy individual.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00018-00007750-00008272": "But then we see that the landscape is quite different in patients with IDD, lowering of", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00019-00008272-00008814": "the bacteroidetes and Firmicutes, and an increase in the, mainly, the proteobacteria, which", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00020-00008814-00009095": "are minor species in humans.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00021-00009095-00009631": "And just by way of setting the context for the types of experiments that we do, I think", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00022-00009631-00009977": "that this implies -- there's no cause or effect relationships here -- but that this implies", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00023-00009977-00010602": "that there are bad players and good players, and perhaps health and disease is in the balance", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00024-00010602-00010901": "of the proportions of these organisms.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00025-00010901-00011354": "And so, once again, we don't really do a lot of metagenomics, and so we don't look at community", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00026-00011354-00011852": "profiles, but the approach that we have taken is to use model organisms, to use organisms", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00027-00011852-00012320": "that we can genetically manipulate, associate into mice, and then look at outcomes and then", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00028-00012320-00012916": "really, once again, get this molecular relationship between the bug and the host to try to understand", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00029-00012916-00013134": "how the microbiome impacts us.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00030-00013134-00013538": "And so the organisms -- one of the organisms that we work with, is bacteroides fragilis,", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00031-00013538-00013895": "and so this is an organism that has been studied for many, many years, initially by people", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00032-00013895-00014320": "like Sidney Feingold, who studied many of these anaerobes, many of these bacteroides", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00033-00014320-00015013": "species, and bacteroidetes, as you know, is the most common genus in most humans in the", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00034-00015013-00015140": "gastrointestinal tract.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00035-00015140-00015676": "It's a very unique organism in many ways, and so people like Dennis Kasper and Laurie", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00036-00015676-00016324": "Comstock have shown that bacteroides expresses multiple capsular polysaccharides within each", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00037-00016324-00016737": "genome, and so this is one thing that is very rare for organisms, because most bacteria", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00038-00016737-00017015": "will only express on capsular polysaccharide per genome.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00039-00017015-00017453": "There are obviously stereotypes, but here we have multiple capsular polysaccharides,", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00040-00017453-00017843": "two of which have a very unique structure in that they are positively charged and negatively", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00041-00017843-00017984": "charged within each subunit.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00042-00017984-00018573": "So there is one subunit of these very large molecules, and the molecule that we focused", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00043-00018573-00019100": "on is polysaccharide A, PSA, because it was previously shown by Dennis and others that", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00044-00019100-00019676": "PSA induces CD4-positive T-cell proliferation, and so we became interested in how that impacts", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00045-00019676-00019998": "the host during colonization and symbiosis.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00046-00019998-00020471": "And so many years ago, we sort of took a leap of faith at the time, and wondered whether", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00047-00020471-00020906": "or not this organism and this particular molecule would be protective in models of inflammatory", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00048-00020906-00021006": "bowel disease.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00049-00021006-00021298": "And we chose IBD because of its proximity to the microbiota.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00050-00021298-00021490": "This is a TNBS model of colitis.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00051-00021490-00021999": "We've tested several other models as well, where you see an acute weight loss in mice", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00052-00021999-00022184": "after induction of disease.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00053-00022184-00022610": "But if the animals were fed a PSA orally, you can see that they are ameliorated from", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00054-00022610-00022710": "the weight loss.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00055-00022710-00023443": "This is the colitis that ensues in TNBS treatment, but oral feeding of these animals with PSA", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00056-00023443-00023754": "shows pretty much an unremarkable intestine.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00057-00023754-00024262": "And we can do the treatment both prophylactically and therapeutically, and get essentially the", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00058-00024262-00024362": "same result.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00059-00024362-00024791": "And the idea is that someday PSA hopefully will be a therapeutic for inflammatory bowel", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00060-00024791-00024891": "disease.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00061-00024891-00025307": "And so that's the disease, and so we've looked at the immune response, and here, once again,", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00062-00025307-00025868": "you can see that there is an increase in TH17 cells, these IL-17-producing CD4-positive", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00063-00025868-00026311": "T-cells that we've already heard about in the TNBS in the colitic animals, but then", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00064-00026311-00026791": "highly reduced in animals that were treated with the polysaccharide.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00065-00026791-00027330": "And so we wondered what the mechanism was, and there are multiple ways that one can imagine", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00066-00027330-00028111": "TH17 cells, which are pro-inflammatory, could be reduced in number or inactivated, but it", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00067-00028111-00028564": "appears that PSA doesn't cripple parts of the immune system or the pro-inflammatory", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00068-00028564-00028664": "system.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00069-00028664-00029108": "It actually activates other arms of the immune system, specifically regulatory T-cells, and", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00070-00029108-00029365": "we've already, once again, heard a little bit about these as well.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00071-00029365-00029941": "So regulatory T-cells are marked by a transcription factor Foxp3, and here we have CD25 as another", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00072-00029941-00030352": "marker, and, as you can see, both healthy animals and animals with colitis have the", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00073-00030352-00030825": "same relative proportions in the intestine of these regulatory T-cells.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00074-00030825-00031269": "But if we treat animals, even though they were treated with the colitic agent, and if", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00075-00031269-00031781": "we administer PSA orally, you can see the proportional increase in these Foxp3-positive", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00076-00031781-00031881": "cells.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00077-00031881-00032477": "There's also a numerical increase, and PSA also increases the transcription of Foxp3.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00078-00032477-00032969": "And so what this implies is that, on a cell-intrinsic basis, there's an increased regulatory activity.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00079-00032969-00033343": "In fact, we measured this in vitro -- I won't show this data in the sake of time -- but", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00080-00033343-00033886": "each regulatory T-cell is more suppressive if it came from an animal with PSA.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00081-00033886-00034355": "And so following our work, several other groups have shown very similar results, in fact extended", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00082-00034355-00034930": "some of the results in other systems, and these include single organisms like faecalibacterium", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00083-00034930-00035030": "prausnitzii.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00084-00035030-00035427": "There is a wonderful story, that this organism, and I think many of you already know this,", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00085-00035427-00036009": "was isolated from patients, or was depleted in patients with inflammatory bowel disease,", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00086-00036009-00036378": "signifying that the absence of the organism may be a risk factor for disease, and then", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00087-00036378-00036737": "subsequently shown to have anti-inflammatory effects.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00088-00036737-00037359": "Something very similar recently from Herusticata's [spelled phonetically] lab showed that an", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00089-00037359-00037928": "organism called bifidobacterium breve induces Interleukin-10, an anti-inflammatory cytokine,", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00090-00037928-00038102": "whereas another probiotic doesn't.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00091-00038102-00038434": "And then this was recently published just last year.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00092-00038434-00039006": "And then, once again, a very famous story from Kenya Honda, both in mice and humans,", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00093-00039006-00039725": "that a consortium of clostridia-induced regulatory T-cells in the colon and expand their proportions,", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00094-00039725-00040117": "and also protected against inflammatory bowel disease.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00095-00040117-00040660": "And another story from Andrew MacPherson showing that altered shaydysphora [spelled phonetically]", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00096-00040660-00041244": "can induce ITregs, or inducible Tregs, here marked by Helios expression.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00097-00041244-00041715": "So many examples, once again both individual organisms as well as consortia, that induce", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00098-00041715-00042253": "regulatory T-cells, and later today we'll hear about a wonderful story from Wendy Garrett,", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00099-00042253-00042709": "looking at the molecular mechanisms by which some of these organisms may be inducing regulatory", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00100-00042709-00042809": "T-cells.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00101-00042809-00043263": "So this notion of regulatory T-cell induction appears to be quite broad in several organisms.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00102-00043263-00043960": "So, going back to PSAs, so then we characterize what the signaling pathways were, and I'm", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00103-00043960-00044274": "just going to show you a preliminary -- or just some data from that, and so we've worked", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00104-00044274-00044818": "out the entire signal transaction cascade, but here, TLR2 is clearly very important,", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00105-00044818-00045005": "because this is the data I showed you.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00106-00045005-00045453": "So this is colitis scores in wild-type mice untreated, and then treated with PSA.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00107-00045453-00045924": "If we do the same thing in TLR2 knockout animals, we see no protection.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00108-00045924-00046394": "In wild-type animals, PSA induces Interleukin-10, this anti-inflammatory cytokine that I told", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00109-00046394-00047118": "you about, suppresses IL-17, and we see no such phenotype in TLR2 knockout animals.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00110-00047118-00047582": "And when we look at regulatory T-cell proportions, those are not increased in TLR2 knockouts.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00111-00047582-00048159": "So TLR2 is clearly important in PSA signaling, and then work I'm not going to talk about,", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00112-00048159-00048505": "we know that TLR2, both on the dendritics and on the T-cell, is important for these", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00113-00048505-00048768": "anti-inflammatory effects.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00114-00048768-00049508": "And so to summarize the potential of PSA as therapeutic for inflammatory bowel disease,", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00115-00049508-00050043": "I think the way that this mechanism is working is that PSA is secreted by outer membrane", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00116-00050043-00050541": "vesicles from bacteroidetes fragilis, so we've shown that PSA is packaged into these vesicles,", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00117-00050541-00051096": "taken up by dendritic cells, and, in a very unique process, presented by MAC Class 2,", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00118-00051096-00051653": "two naïve T-cells induces the differentiation of these regulatory T-cells and their expansion.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00119-00051653-00052184": "Regulatory T-cells then produce a cytokine called Interleukin-10, which then ameliorates", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00120-00052184-00052426": "intestinal inflammation.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00121-00052426-00052755": "And Lloyd Casper [spelled phonetically] has also shown this same process, oral feeding", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00122-00052755-00053459": "of PSA, is protective in models of MS, and can ameliorate inflammation of the central", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00123-00053459-00053559": "nervous system.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00124-00053559-00054014": "So perhaps there are effects beyond just colitis as well.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00125-00054014-00054380": "And so then we got really interested in how this organism colonizes, and, in fact, how", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00126-00054380-00054889": "bacteroides colonize, and, once again, many of the talks have alluded to this notion of", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00127-00054889-00055305": "who's there and what happens during perturbation.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00128-00055305-00055751": "And so we approach this from a, once again, a very different angle of using model organisms", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00129-00055751-00056321": "to understand what people like David Relman and many, many others have shown, is that", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00130-00056321-00056763": "there is a unique pattern in mammals for the speciation of organisms.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00131-00056763-00057267": "And so even those in the back row can see that this pattern among humans and other animals", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00132-00057267-00057367": "is quite similar.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00133-00057367-00057888": "So there is some specificity, so some factors that are mediating that colonization event,", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00134-00057888-00058367": "and selecting for particular organisms which can inhabit the guts, whereas all the other", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00135-00058367-00058865": "organisms in the ecosystem in terrestrial and aquatic environments are not permanent", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00136-00058865-00059042": "residents of our intestines.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00137-00059042-00059575": "There's clearly specificity in what organisms colonize as, and there is stability.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00138-00059575-00059825": "And once again, we've heard about this concept as well.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00139-00059825-00060234": "And here also is data from David, showing in either all phyla [spelled phonetically],", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00140-00060234-00060784": "but more particularly in bacteroides, is these are three subjects, and these are the different", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00141-00060784-00061322": "organisms in those subjects, and you can see that before antibiotic treatment, there's", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00142-00061322-00062004": "a particular pattern; these blue bars designate a timeframe where they are treated with Cipro,", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00143-00062004-00062348": "and you can see that there is a decrease in most organisms.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00144-00062348-00062884": "But very quickly after the cessation of the antibiotic, those organisms come back.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00145-00062884-00063250": "So, clearly, these organisms are stable on a global level.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00146-00063250-00063503": "And once again, multiple other studies have shown this.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00147-00063503-00063960": "And we became really interested in what are the mechanisms that mediate this.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00148-00063960-00064341": "And so a very talented student in the laboratory, Melanie Lee, took on this very ambitious project", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00149-00064341-00064641": "of trying to establish of trying to assemble a microbiome from scratch.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00150-00064641-00065061": "And the way she started doing this is, you know, working with organisms that we can culture", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00151-00065061-00065800": "and genetically manipulate, and adding them sequentially to mice, and looking at colonization.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00152-00065800-00066145": "And so, initially, if we take a mouse, and start it as a germ-free animal, and we give", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00153-00066145-00066700": "him an inoculum of bacteroides fragilis, we see a very nice colonization of this organism,", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00154-00066700-00067259": "because germ-free animals are amenable to colonization by almost anything.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00155-00067259-00067734": "But if then we, a few days later, come back with bacteroides vulgatus, a very highly-related", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00156-00067734-00068158": "species, different from bacteroides fragilis, you seen that there is really no competition", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00157-00068158-00068320": "between these two organisms.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00158-00068320-00068733": "We can do this with bacteroides fragilis and bacteroides data out of omicron, once again", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00159-00068733-00068833": "see no difference.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00160-00068833-00069252": "And this makes sense, because many of us are colonized by multiple bacteroides species.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00161-00069252-00069415": "We can reverse the order of colonization.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00162-00069415-00069655": "There are really no effects there.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00163-00069655-00070131": "But the surprise came when we took an animal and monosociated with bacteroides fragilis.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00164-00070131-00070610": "And then challenged that same animal with the isogenic strain, the same exact strain", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00165-00070610-00070999": "of bacteroides fragilis, just marked by an antibiotic resistance gene.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00166-00070999-00071498": "And now, in a germ-free, or at least in a monosociated mouse, we can colonize or challenge", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00167-00071498-00071923": "with bacteroides fragilis, and this organism does not colonize.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00168-00071923-00072142": "And this was, you know, once seemed very surprising to us.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00169-00072142-00072450": "And initially we thought it was the antibiotic resistance gene, so we swapped those around.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00170-00072450-00072667": "We've done this by other methods as well.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00171-00072667-00073113": "Every single time, bacteroides fragilis, when challenged to a bacteroides fragilis monocolonized", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00172-00073113-00073328": "animal, does not colonize.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00173-00073328-00073647": "The same thing with bacteroides vulgatus, and now we've shown this with four difference", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00174-00073647-00074250": "species, that there is competition between -- within an organism, but not between organisms.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00175-00074250-00074430": "We don't see the same effect with E. coli.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00176-00074430-00074608": "We don't see this with enterococcus faecalis.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00177-00074608-00075042": "There's something specific about the bacteroides that mediate this phenotype.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00178-00075042-00075394": "And once again, in data I'm not going to show you, if we were to take the animal that's", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00179-00075394-00075998": "monosociated with either of these bacteroides, and then give an antibiotic at the time of", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00180-00075998-00076662": "challenge to which the initial strain is sensitive but the challenge strain is resistant, we", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00181-00076662-00077128": "can actually displace the initial strain and get the challenge strain to colonize.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00182-00077128-00077527": "And I think what this suggested to us, that there's some limiting nutrients, or some limiting", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00183-00077527-00078266": "space, that the initial organism occupies, and then excludes or resists the colonization", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00184-00078266-00078473": "by the challenge strain.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00185-00078473-00079113": "And so what we did, instead of taking a larger metagenomic approach, is that we took an experimentomics", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00186-00079113-00079467": "approach, and I think Fred stole a little of my thunder yesterday by introducing this", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00187-00079467-00079838": "concept, and so this is what we do in the laboratories: When we have a problem, we design", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00188-00079838-00080095": "experiments to tackle this.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00189-00080095-00080787": "And the way Melanie devises this very ingenious screen is that she took genome fragments from", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00190-00080787-00081194": "bacteroides fragilis and transected them into bacteroides vulgatus.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00191-00081194-00081480": "Remember, these two organisms do not compete with each other.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00192-00081480-00082118": "And so imagine if there was locus or piece of DNA that conferred bacteroides fragilis,", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00193-00082118-00082539": "specific colonization phenotype, perhaps here expressed in red, that we would have some", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00194-00082539-00083041": "clones that contained this element, whereas most of the clones of bacteroides vulgatus", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00195-00083041-00083409": "do not contain this element, they act like bacteroides vulgatus.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00196-00083409-00083965": "And then we took germ-free animals and monosociated them with bacteroides vulgatus, and then challenged", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00197-00083965-00084427": "them with pools of these clones that contained fragments of bacteroides fragilis.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00198-00084427-00084829": "And so imagine most of these in green are bacteroides vulgatus, and as I showed you", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00199-00084829-00085322": "before, they will get cleared over time because they cannot compete with the indigenous strains.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00200-00085322-00086018": "But if there was one isolate, shown in red, that contained a bacteroides fragilis colonizing", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00201-00086018-00086447": "factor, then it should be able to dual associate this animal, and then, after time, we can", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00202-00086447-00086890": "isolate that organism, and sequence the genes and see what we find.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00203-00086890-00087511": "So she did this for 2,100 clones, all in mice, and what we discovered were two clones out", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00204-00087511-00087620": "of the entire pool.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00205-00087620-00087783": "The rest were all cleared.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00206-00087783-00088281": "Both of those clones contained the same genetic region, and that's shown here.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00207-00088281-00088766": "And then when we sequence this, to our surprise, maybe not to our surprise, is that the genes", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00208-00088766-00089077": "contain polysaccharide utilization loci.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00209-00089077-00089461": "And so they had these characteristics, SusC, SusD homologs, and I'll talk a little about", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00210-00089461-00089890": "those as well, and regulatory elements up front, so the sigma factor and anti-sigma", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00211-00089890-00090360": "factor, and we've shown that they control expression of these genes, and we started", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00212-00090360-00090469": "to characterize this.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00213-00090469-00090785": "And so, once again, we worked with organisms that we can genetically manipulate so we can", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00214-00090785-00091185": "make mutants in these organisms and then test colonization factors.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00215-00091185-00091709": "And so here what you're looking at is the 30 of the exact same graph I showed you earlier.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00216-00091709-00092048": "So the challenge strain -- or, so the initial strain, with the challenge strain, once again", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00217-00092048-00092216": "by Day 30, everything is cleared.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00218-00092216-00092449": "So you can see very clear phenotypes.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00219-00092449-00093018": "But if we take animals and monosociate them with the SusD homolog, which we call CCFC,", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00220-00093018-00093529": "or the SusD homolog, CCFD, that we lose this phenotype, so if the initial strain does not", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00221-00093529-00093950": "have this factor, then now the challenge strain can colonize.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00222-00093950-00094404": "The CCFE does not have a phenotype, and I think we know why that is, because there is", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00223-00094404-00094583": "redundancy in that gene.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00224-00094583-00095066": "And if we knock out the entire operon, we see that there's a loss of function, and,", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00225-00095066-00095536": "classical microbiology, we can take the mutant, and then complement the mutant on a plaza", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00226-00095536-00095957": "[spelled phonetically] with the entire operon, and, once again, restore this colonization", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00227-00095957-00096057": "resistance phenotype.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00228-00096057-00096251": "So we can do this with bacteroides fragilis.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00229-00096251-00096728": "We did the exact same thing with bacteroides vulgatus, and saw a similar phenotype, where", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00230-00096728-00097005": "bacteroides vulgatus will compete against itself.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00231-00097005-00097500": "But it you make a mutant of bacteroides vulgatus, it can no longer exclude a challenge by the", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00232-00097500-00097661": "wild-type strain.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00233-00097661-00098004": "And so, as I mentioned, this polysaccharide utilization loci have been studied for many", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00234-00098004-00098500": "years; one of the pioneers of this is Abigail Salyers, who really figured out much of the", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00235-00098500-00099106": "biochemistry of this, and the way these systems were, in a generalized fashion, is that SusC", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00236-00099106-00099731": "is a poor, SusD is an outer membrane lipoprotein, and they take complex sugars, channel them", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00237-00099731-00100401": "through, break them down, channel them through SusC, and then the organism uses it for nutrients.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00238-00100401-00100763": "And so these operons are widely dispersed in the bacteroides.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00239-00100763-00101408": "So thetaiotaomicron has 88 of them, fragilis has 36 of these, and what we've shown is that", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00240-00101408-00101851": "the CCF homologs, those genes that were isolated, are very, very unique on many characteristic", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00241-00101851-00101951": "levels.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00242-00101951-00102455": "And they are only found once in each of these genomes, if you look at their homology.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00243-00102455-00102763": "And so, once again, as I mentioned, these genes have been studied before, but they have", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00244-00102763-00103079": "been studied in the context of foraging.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00245-00103079-00103559": "So this is very nice work by Eric Martens and Jeff Gordon, where they knocked out a", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00246-00103559-00104080": "sigma factor that controls expression of five of these polysaccharide utilization loci,", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00247-00104080-00104515": "and if they colonized mice on a rich diet, they see no competition.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00248-00104515-00105053": "But if they switched to a restricted diet, they can see that the wilds had colonized,", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00249-00105053-00105265": "but the mutant cannot.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00250-00105265-00105713": "And so that's where this concept of foraging comes from, is if the diet is restricted,", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00251-00105713-00106157": "that the bacteria then use host mucous, likely [spelled phonetically] host mucous, as an", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00252-00106157-00106683": "energy source because they can't use the more abundant dietary fibers.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00253-00106683-00107044": "And so, once again, you get this colonization phenotype, once again, only upon switching", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00254-00107044-00107494": "to this restricted diet, and then there's a defect in vertical transmission.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00255-00107494-00107850": "I know this is hard to see, but this is this 2008 [unintelligible] micropaper, if you want", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00256-00107850-00108152": "to look at this defect in vertical transmission.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00257-00108152-00108458": "In fact, we don't see a defect in vertical transmission.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00258-00108458-00108675": "I'll get to that in a second.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00259-00108675-00109176": "But our -- the operon that we're studying is clearly different from this phenotype,", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00260-00109176-00109636": "and Justin Sonnenburg also showed something similar, where if he took two organisms, and,", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00261-00109636-00110155": "in this case, bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, bacteroides caccae, put them on a rich diet,", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00262-00110155-00110413": "then you see if they could both colonize to different levels.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00263-00110413-00110938": "But if you switched them to a saccharide inulin that caccae prefers and theta doesn't, then", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00264-00110938-00111447": "you can see that only during the restricted diet do you see this competition, and, in", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00265-00111447-00111700": "some cases, you cannot see competition.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00266-00111700-00112197": "And so we became interested in this concept of long-term colonization on a rich diet,", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00267-00112197-00112860": "and so the way we approached this is gavaging animals with laboratory-grown bacteria is", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00268-00112860-00113139": "artificial, so we looked at horizontal transmission.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00269-00113139-00113598": "So we took two different groups of animals, one colonized with wild type, one colonized", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00270-00113598-00114050": "with a mutant, and then co-housed these animals and looked for transfer of the wild type to", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00271-00114050-00114275": "the mutant colonized, and vice versa.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00272-00114275-00114892": "So here you're looking at the wild-type animals that were -- after co-housing for 14 days.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00273-00114892-00115164": "So these animals were initially colonized with the wild-type bacteria.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00274-00115164-00115298": "You can see that here.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00275-00115298-00115719": "But if we then co-housed them with the mutant bacteria, the mutant never transfers into", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00276-00115719-00115975": "a mouse that has already been established with the wild type.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00277-00115975-00116533": "But when we do the converse, and the initial organism is the mutant, then the wild type", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00278-00116533-00116963": "can very efficiently transfer over, and, in fact, every animal can now colonize.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00279-00116963-00117572": "So even during horizontal transmission, there's a defect for the CCF genes.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00280-00117572-00117741": "Where these genes are expressed?", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00281-00117741-00118232": "So they are expressed in very, very low abundance in culture and various degrees throughout", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00282-00118232-00118673": "the intestine, but most highly associated with the ascending colon.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00283-00118673-00119132": "And so Melanie became interested in what's going on this ascending colon, and started", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00284-00119132-00119556": "looking down at the colonization of these organisms in intestinal crypts.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00285-00119556-00120224": "And so here, looking at images of a confocal micrograph of a whole mount microscopy, looking", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00286-00120224-00120558": "at one particular crypt, but of course we've looked at many of them, and when you look", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00287-00120558-00120986": "in the center of this crypt, only wild-type bacteroides fragilis can colonize this mouse.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00288-00120986-00121380": "So once again, these are germ-free animals, and we're looking in the intestinal crypts", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00289-00121380-00122133": "only in the ascending colon, where if we mono-associate a mouse with the mutant, even though the luminal", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00290-00122133-00122593": "contents are identical, none of these bacteria wind up in the intestinal crypt.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00291-00122593-00122804": "Here's the control for germ-free animals.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00292-00122804-00123121": "And another way of looking at this is through two-photon microscopies.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00293-00123121-00123246": "So this is a crypt.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00294-00123246-00123794": "So the dark area is the void space of a crypt, and, as you can see, only the wild-type bacteria", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00295-00123794-00123964": "can penetrate into this crypt.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00296-00123964-00124296": "The mutant is at the epithelial surface, but never really gets into the crypt.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00297-00124296-00124644": "And we can quantify hundreds of different crypts, and you can see here we're looking", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00298-00124644-00125243": "at the distance from the epithelium, and the wild type penetrates further into these crypts", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00299-00125243-00125389": "than the mutant.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00300-00125389-00125948": "And so, what we conclude is that these -- this particular clade of polysaccharide utilization", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00301-00125948-00126353": "loci, the CCF, are required for colonization of these crypts.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00302-00126353-00126842": "And so finally, what does this mean in terms of resilience or stability?", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00303-00126842-00127401": "And so here what we did is we took SPF mice, and we used a per call by Thaddeus Stappenbeck", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00304-00127401-00128009": "to be able to colonize these SPF mice with bacteroides so we can initially treat them", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00305-00128009-00128529": "with an antibiotic to displace the indigenous microbes, and then colonize them with either", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00306-00128529-00128816": "bacteroides fragilis wild type or the CCF mutant.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00307-00128816-00129196": "And here you can see very, very similar levels of colonization.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00308-00129196-00129696": "But if we then challenge those animals with Ciprofloxacin, so very similar to the experiment", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00309-00129696-00130163": "that David did in humans, then you can see that the wild type of bacteria is maintained,", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00310-00130163-00130652": "but the mutant bacteria is greatly reduced, and thus much sensitive to Ciprofloxacin.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00311-00130652-00131108": "And, in fact, what we've done now with this experiment is we've taken wild-type-associated", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00312-00131108-00131532": "mice and given them a very high concentration of Cipro for a very long period of time.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00313-00131532-00131742": "We can clear the luminal bacteria.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00314-00131742-00132123": "But if we look in the crypts of these mice, on antibiotic treatment, the bacteria are", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00315-00132123-00132223": "still in these reservoirs.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00316-00132223-00132413": "They're still in the crypts.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00317-00132413-00132902": "And so it looks like those bacteria in the crypts are resistant to the antibiotic.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00318-00132902-00133310": "And another perturbation that we used was Citrobacter rodentium infection; the paradigm", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00319-00133310-00133497": "for colonization is the same.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00320-00133497-00134049": "And then we introduced the C. rodentium infection, and, as you can see, in the dark blue bars,", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00321-00134049-00134428": "the wild-type bacteria are maintained, but here we have an even more dramatic phenotype", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00322-00134428-00134537": "for the mutant.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00323-00134537-00135155": "It's completely cleared from the ecosystem, and you can never recover this organism again.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00324-00135155-00135400": "Once again, the CCF genes are required for resilience.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00325-00135400-00135640": "And in the black bars are the Citrobacter.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00326-00135640-00136186": "So, all in all, it looks like these bacteria have evolved mechanisms to stably associate", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00327-00136186-00136715": "with the host, and to populate specific regions of the gut in a way that we think is using", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00328-00136715-00137187": "polysaccharides and glycans based on homology, and we were really interested in understanding", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00329-00137187-00137402": "what those glycans are.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00330-00137402-00137999": "And so, to conclude, I'm going to actually take a quote from Rolf Freter, proposed 30", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00331-00137999-00138099": "years ago.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00332-00138099-00138670": "And what Rolf did was he took mice, and he looked at transit times of various organisms,", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00333-00138670-00139089": "and then used mathematical modeling to come up with this concept that, and I'm just going", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00334-00139089-00139602": "to read this, is that \"Most indigenous organisms in the gut are controlled by substrate competition.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00335-00139602-00140183": "They're competing with each other for nutrients, particularly nutrients, and that some species", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00336-00140183-00140705": "are better than others in acquiring these nutrients, and that these -- the population", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00337-00140705-00141225": "level of the species is controlled by the concentration of a few limiting substrates.\"", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00338-00141225-00141714": "And I think this is very important because this nicely explains our data for how organisms", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00339-00141714-00142057": "will compete against each other, but not other organisms, because they are using very, very", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00340-00142057-00142624": "few of these substrates, but different substrates across different species.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00341-00142624-00143065": "And what we've done, I think, is extended that to this notion that there are populations", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00342-00143065-00143630": "of cells, perhaps microbial stem cells if you will, that allow persistent occupation", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00343-00143630-00144087": "of these satripal [spelled phonetically] niches, and once there is a perturbation to this system,", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00344-00144087-00144637": "some from environmental stress, that disrupts the luminal bacteria, that these reservoirs", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00345-00144637-00145060": "still exist, and these reservoirs can be used to repopulate the gut.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00346-00145060-00145350": "And if I were a bacteria that only lived in the [unintelligible] colon, I would evolve", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00347-00145350-00145654": "this mechanism to ensure my long-term colonization.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00348-00145654-00146080": "And perhaps this is one of those mechanisms, at least in bacteroides.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00349-00146080-00146584": "And so I would like to acknowledge the people who did the work, so the PSA work was done", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00350-00146584-00147002": "by a very talented post-doc, June Round, who now has her own lab at the University of Utah.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00351-00147002-00147533": "As I mentioned, Melanie worked on the crypt occupancy project, with help from a new graduate", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00352-00147533-00147742": "student, Greg, in the lab, as well as Silva.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00353-00147742-00148111": "These are the other members of the lab, our collaborators, and I would really like to", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00354-00148111-00148498": "acknowledge Klaus Ley, who take these wonderful images for us in the colon.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00355-00148498-00148750": "This is an actual crypt of a mouse colon.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00356-00148750-00149308": "And so we drew in the bacteria, but you can see the beautiful architecture here.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00357-00149308-00149891": "And he was instrumental in us understanding the mechanisms by which the CCF genes are", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00358-00149891-00149991": "working.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00359-00149991-00150383": "And, of course, the funding agencies: We've had two grants from NIDDK, and then one from", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00360-00150383-00150801": "GM, as well as funding from the CCFA.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00361-00150801-00151304": "And so then in terms of questions and gaps, and a lot of this really dovetails off some", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00362-00151304-00151847": "of the concepts we've already heard, is, maybe on a more teleological level, how do we assemble", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00363-00151847-00151947": "the microbiota?", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00364-00151947-00152241": "Do we choose our own microbiota, or do they select us?", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00365-00152241-00152882": "Have they, over the millennia, evolved mechanisms to associate with hosts in a very specific", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00366-00152882-00152982": "way?", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00367-00152982-00153422": "And I think that if we can understand those molecular mechanisms, we can really understand", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00368-00153422-00153525": "microbial succession.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00369-00153525-00153881": "And so, once again, we have heard a lot about that, and maybe we've heard a little bit less", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00370-00153881-00154028": "about biogeography.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00371-00154028-00154352": "And so there are different organisms in different regions of the gut -- I think we know this", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00372-00154352-00154984": "quite well -- harder to sample in humans, but I think the mechanisms are coming online", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00373-00154984-00155084": "soon.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00374-00155084-00155329": "Easier in mice, but yet still not that many people are doing this.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00375-00155329-00155635": "And I would like to remind you that there is a different biogeography if you go longitudinally", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00376-00155635-00155761": "versus cross-sectionally.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00377-00155761-00156004": "I think that's also important as well.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00378-00156004-00156425": "And these molecular mechanisms may really help us understand that.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00379-00156425-00157062": "And the other important question is, can we somehow exploit this colonization or phenotype", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00380-00157062-00157235": "to help us resist pathogens?", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00381-00157235-00157730": "So there is a lot of history going back many years from Dwayne Savage and Tyrell Conway", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00382-00157730-00158051": "talking about colonization resistance in bacteria.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00383-00158051-00158532": "And if we can somehow engineer organisms to compete against pathogens, if pathogens use", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00384-00158532-00159308": "similar systems, then we could perhaps target pathogenic infections by making better probiotics", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00385-00159308-00159593": "or targeted designer probiotics.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00386-00159593-00160044": "And ultimately, is there a way to exploit the system to correct dysbiosis?", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00387-00160044-00160434": "And so, once again, we have heard about this concept over and over, and if we could understand", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00388-00160434-00160818": "what those sugars are, or understand what expresses those sugars, then perhaps we can", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00389-00160818-00161495": "pharmacologically induce the substrates for these organisms, and then, once again, correct", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00390-00161495-00161852": "dysbiosis by promoting colonization.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00391-00161852-00162242": "And then the needs, I think some of these were already mentioned yesterday, but I think", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00392-00162242-00162720": "they're worth repeating because they're quite important, is this incredible heterogeneity", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00393-00162720-00163199": "in organisms, or in mice, and their microbiota from different vendors.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00394-00163199-00163592": "And so we know this from the work of Dan Littman and others, that the microbiota is very, very", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00395-00163592-00164042": "different in different -- from different commercial vendors.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00396-00164042-00164191": "And this really affects our experiments.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00397-00164191-00164648": "And so if you look across the literature, for, let's say, Treg development in the gut,", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00398-00164648-00165046": "you see very different numbers on -- from different facilities and different countries,", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00399-00165046-00165521": "and I think that having some sort of standardization would really help with that.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00400-00165521-00165965": "And perhaps we can even think about humanizing these mice, and having a cohort of mice that", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00401-00165965-00166410": "could be disseminated to the community, and so that we could all be doing experiments", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00402-00166410-00166573": "on the same plane.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00403-00166573-00167086": "And then something that I think is quite important, but often overlooked, is whether or not our", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00404-00167086-00167249": "germ-free mice are the same.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00405-00167249-00167770": "And so we clearly know there is genetic drift in different colonies.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00406-00167770-00168325": "And even our germ-free animals, whether -- how rigorously we've tested them, may have genotypic", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00407-00168325-00168425": "differences.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00408-00168425-00168800": "In fact, we know this, because if you look a microsatellite mapping of a black 6 mouse", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00409-00168800-00169079": "from different vendors, the microsatellites are different.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00410-00169079-00169229": "So there has been genetic drift.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00411-00169229-00169403": "All black 6 mice are not the same.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00412-00169403-00169712": "So a central repository, I think, would be terrific.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00413-00169712-00170380": "And finally, just to reiterate some of the concepts that Maria talked about, but perhaps", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00414-00170380-00170865": "more in mice because they are feasible, is longitudinal multi-generation studies.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00415-00170865-00171387": "So looking at not just the lifespan of one organism, but the ability of that organism", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00416-00171387-00171992": "to transfer its microbiota to its offspring on several generations.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00417-00171992-00172524": "But including perturbations that are affecting our lifestyle, such as diet and antibiotics,", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00418-00172524-00172752": "we've become quite interested in environmental antimicrobials.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00419-00172752-00173267": "I think many of us already know there are very potent antimicrobials in all parts of", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00420-00173267-00173771": "our lifestyle, and we're ingesting these antimicrobials, and perhaps they can have an effect on our", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00421-00173771-00174261": "microbiome and our ability to pass that microbiome on to our offspring.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00422-00174261-00174671": "And I think this might be a nice way, at least in mice, to test cause and effect relationships,", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00423-00174671-00175100": "and get away from associations, and understand the cause and effect relationships that could", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00424-00175100-00175720": "be mediating the increase in allergic and autoimmune, as well as behavioral disorders.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00425-00175720-00175879": "So those are my thoughts.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00426-00175879-00176978": "And I'll stop there, and I think we have a minute for questions.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00427-00176978-00177078": "[applause]", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00428-00177078-00177178": "Male Speaker: Sarkis, thanks for a wonderful talk, as always.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00429-00177178-00177308": "Is there a quick question from anybody?", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00430-00177308-00177429": "Right in the center.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00431-00177429-00177742": "Male Speaker: Great talk, Sarkis.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00432-00177742-00178004": "Can you comment on the strain specification?", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00433-00178004-00178529": "So this question of what keeps the same bug from coming in where it already may or may", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00434-00178529-00179122": "not be, and the question is dynamics of different species coming in, I think you've hit on something", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00435-00179122-00179262": "that could be an important part of that.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00436-00179262-00179906": "So do different strains of fragilis show the phenotype, or what's the -- how far do you", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00437-00179906-00180087": "have to go before you see this?", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00438-00180087-00180290": "Sarkis Mazmanian: Yeah, we've never looked at strains, but those", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00439-00180290-00180426": "can be important as well.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00440-00180426-00181001": "And so we've looked at -- we work with bacteroides fragilis 9343, and we look at the genome 638R,", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00441-00181001-00181145": "as well as the others, sequence bacteroides fragilis.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00442-00181145-00181413": "There are some differences in the CCF loci.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00443-00181413-00181983": "They made immediate colonization differences, but we've actually never done the experiment.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00444-00181983-00182395": "Female Speaker: Sarkis, what do you think is going on in the", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00445-00182395-00182598": "crypts in the differential colonization?", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00446-00182598-00182771": "Is that something like substrate availability?", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00447-00182771-00183164": "Sarkis Mazmanian: Yeah, so I think that the homology to the", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00448-00183164-00183909": "Sus systems and to the polysaccharide utilization loci suggests that there's a limited glycan,", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00449-00183909-00184360": "perhaps a host glycan, most likely a host glycan, that is specific to the crypts, and,", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00450-00184360-00185124": "in fact, when we look at a field of a monocolonized animals, not every crypt is occupied by bacteria.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00451-00185124-00185412": "And so even though there's only one organism, it doesn't get into every crypt.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00452-00185412-00185892": "So I think that perhaps what this argues is that not all the crypts are the same, and", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00453-00185892-00186282": "so whether the bacteria induces its substrate, or was there the entire time, the bacteria", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00454-00186282-00186680": "figured out which crypts to occupy and which ones not to.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00455-00186680-00187165": "So there might be some developmental biology that we can understand through these organisms.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00456-00187165-00187464": "And I think, ultimately, that, once again, the way this is going to work is that that", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00457-00187464-00188251": "limited substrate, most likely a glycan, is utilized by a specific CCF, and if it's utilized", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00458-00188251-00188645": "by an initial strain, then the challenge strain can't compete, but two different species are", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00459-00188645-00189150": "not using that same glycan, so therefore, they're not competing against each other.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00460-00189150-00189636": "Male Speaker: One more quick question.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00461-00189636-00190091": "Male Speaker: So you've shown really elegantly that this", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00462-00190091-00190302": "works for one strain or one species.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00463-00190302-00190788": "How many different species-substrate combinations do you think there are?", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00464-00190788-00191266": "There are thousands of different gut species -- bacterial species in the gut.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00465-00191266-00191722": "I mean, is it possible that each one of these has its own separate substrate that it's working", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00466-00191722-00191822": "on?", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00467-00191822-00191947": "Sarkis Mazmanian: Yeah, so we don't know, but in terms -- so", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00468-00191947-00192457": "there may be many other mechanisms for colonization that don't involve polysaccharide utilization", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00469-00192457-00192557": "loci.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00470-00192557-00193028": "And so the answer is, \"We don't know,\" but when we look at the CCF genes, and what types", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00471-00193028-00193507": "of organisms we can find them in, they're only in intestinal bacteroides; they're not", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00472-00193507-00193900": "in bacteroides or even bacteroidetes that are not part of the Mammalian gut.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00473-00193900-00194278": "So if you look in other ecosystems, they don't have these CCF genes.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00474-00194278-00194631": "And so I think that this is one colonization mechanism; I think it's a colonization mechanism", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00475-00194631-00194894": "that's conserved in bacteroides.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00476-00194894-00195489": "Things like Clostridia and proteobacteria are -- probably use different mechanisms,", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00477-00195489-00195617": "entirely different mechanisms.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00478-00195617-00195986": "And, once again, those are not competing against each other in a way that we can measure.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00479-00195986-00196560": "Male Speaker: Sarkis, thanks again for a wonderful talk.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00480-00196560-00196752": "[applause]", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00481-00196752-00197478": "Please [spelled phonetically] -- Gene Chang from the University of Chicago.", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00482-00197478-00197931": "The title of his talk is Ground Zero: The Impact of the Gut Microbiome on Host Epithelial", "l2IddoH-Gsc-00483-00197931-00198101": "Functions and Reponses."}}]