[{"audio_id": "nOhXcUEYrAy", "text": {"nOhXcUEYrAy-00000-00000440-00001011": "This simulation is the so called circuit construction kit. For instance, I've just", "nOhXcUEYrAy-00001-00001011-00001538": "taken a battery and a piece of wire that I can connect to one another, and the", "nOhXcUEYrAy-00002-00001538-00002088": "blue dots are the electrons so  those symbolize the flow of electrons.", "nOhXcUEYrAy-00003-00002088-00002636": "Here I have just selected a switch and I put it into the circuit and I connect it", "nOhXcUEYrAy-00004-00002636-00003375": "with more wire. So the open switch is like a gap so no current will flow as", "nOhXcUEYrAy-00005-00003375-00004022": "the circuit is open still. So I can use a lightbulb here, which is really", "nOhXcUEYrAy-00006-00004022-00004623": "nothing else but a resistor and so when I close the switch, current will flow and", "nOhXcUEYrAy-00007-00004623-00005120": "the amount depends on the resistance of the lightbulb.", "nOhXcUEYrAy-00008-00005155-00005923": "I can measure the current by grabbing one of these non-contact ammeters, so it gives", "nOhXcUEYrAy-00009-00005923-00006360": "me a number: in this case 0.9 ampere.", "nOhXcUEYrAy-00010-00006480-00007006": "And you see that the current is the same everywhere so you can check it out with", "nOhXcUEYrAy-00011-00007006-00007689": "the simulation, so in particular no current gets used up in the light bulb.", "nOhXcUEYrAy-00012-00007689-00008389": "It's the same everywhere. We can make more complex circuits and explore the", "nOhXcUEYrAy-00013-00008389-00008961": "behavior. For instance here I add a second light bulb.", "nOhXcUEYrAy-00014-00009261-00009892": "So these are now two light bulbs wired in series and let's open the switch", "nOhXcUEYrAy-00015-00009892-00010459": "before I complete the circuit. Okay so here we go and you can see because I", "nOhXcUEYrAy-00016-00010459-00010947": "have now a second light bulb, the current is actually less for both of", "nOhXcUEYrAy-00017-00010947-00011521": "them because each of the light bulbs has resistance and resistances add up in a", "nOhXcUEYrAy-00018-00011521-00012453": "series circuit. What happens if I wire these bulbs somehow differently?", "nOhXcUEYrAy-00019-00012695-00013190": "We are going to explore now the so-called parallel connection.", "nOhXcUEYrAy-00020-00013190-00014024": "So one light bulb is in one branch and a second light bulb now forms  another branch.", "nOhXcUEYrAy-00021-00014024-00014606": "So at the crossing points where the current has two ways to go  - so these", "nOhXcUEYrAy-00022-00014606-00015520": "are the junctions - and we know the battery current splits up between those two", "nOhXcUEYrAy-00023-00015520-00016045": "branches. Now have a look what happens: it turns out that we now get more", "nOhXcUEYrAy-00024-00016045-00016859": "current. So the reason why we get much more current is that we have provided a", "nOhXcUEYrAy-00025-00016859-00017462": "second way for the current to go. This is not unlike the situation we had in home", "nOhXcUEYrAy-00026-00017462-00018002": "heating where you had a second channel for the heat to flow: out the door and out", "nOhXcUEYrAy-00027-00018002-00018609": "the window, for instance. So by adding a second path here", "nOhXcUEYrAy-00028-00018609-00019478": "we provide another way for the current to go so less resistance overall"}}, {"audio_id": "nOuikiulSCM", "text": {"nOuikiulSCM-00000-00000100-00000521": "Oh wow, that's beautiful!", "nOuikiulSCM-00002-00001124-00001321": "They ignored the one percent, its rounding error.", "nOuikiulSCM-00003-00001321-00001963": "So,", "nOuikiulSCM-00004-00001963-00002550": "atom-atom bond, 1.2 times 10 to the -20", "nOuikiulSCM-00005-00002550-00002820": "is the depth of the well, so when this", "nOuikiulSCM-00006-00002820-00003279": "thing formed it gives off an energy a 1.2 times", "nOuikiulSCM-00007-00003279-00003618": "10 to the -20 Joules. It's", "nOuikiulSCM-00008-00003618-00004101": "bond energy, when its formed,", "nOuikiulSCM-00009-00004101-00004430": "is 1.2 times", "nOuikiulSCM-00010-00004430-00004747": "10 to the -20", "nOuikiulSCM-00011-00004747-00005322": "Joules, its the negative of that. What about", "nOuikiulSCM-00012-00005322-00005762": "those two atoms, what's the bond energy of those,", "nOuikiulSCM-00013-00005762-00006559": "just those two, when they form? -0.5, so there's a -0.5 for that,", "nOuikiulSCM-00014-00006559-00006889": "and then I bring this one up, how many more bonds are there?", "nOuikiulSCM-00015-00006889-00007431": "Two more, so that lowers the energy by how much when those two bonds form?", "nOuikiulSCM-00016-00007431-00007745": "Another -1,", "nOuikiulSCM-00017-00007745-00008170": "There's a bond, -0.5,", "nOuikiulSCM-00018-00008170-00008498": "there's another one, -1,", "nOuikiulSCM-00019-00008498-00008835": "there's another one, -1.5.", "nOuikiulSCM-00020-00008835-00009238": "The bond energy for that", "nOuikiulSCM-00021-00009238-00009612": "triatomic molecule: -1.5", "nOuikiulSCM-00022-00009612-00010120": "times 10 to the -20 Joules, a lower number, a stronger [bond].", "nOuikiulSCM-00023-00010120-00010554": "Harder to break apart three atoms that are stuck together,", "nOuikiulSCM-00024-00010554-00011030": "than it is, even if each bond is weaker, than it is to break apart", "nOuikiulSCM-00025-00011030-00011383": "two atoms that are stuck together with a slightly stronger bond.", "nOuikiulSCM-00026-00011383-00011845": "There are more bonds, and every bond,", "nOuikiulSCM-00027-00011845-00012296": "every two atoms that come together lose that much energy: 0.5.", "nOuikiulSCM-00028-00012296-00012647": "Those two lost 0.5 when they came together", "nOuikiulSCM-00029-00012647-00013080": "this one comes in forms two more bonds, each one of those loses 0.5.", "nOuikiulSCM-00030-00013080-00013480": "So", "nOuikiulSCM-00031-00013480-00013993": "the lower bond energy B the triatomic molecule.", "nOuikiulSCM-00032-00013993-00014350": "-1.5 is a lower bond energy than -1.2.", "nOuikiulSCM-00033-00014350-00014680": "Just adding them up.", "nOuikiulSCM-00034-00014680-00015610": "Any questions about that one? I think that you've done this one in DL.", "nOuikiulSCM-00035-00015610-00015973": "Here's one I don't think you have quite done,", "nOuikiulSCM-00036-00015973-00016673": "maybe you have, but maybe not.", "nOuikiulSCM-00037-00016770-00017004": "So ...", "nOuikiulSCM-00038-00017004-00017325": "Yeah I guess you can see it all the answers.", "nOuikiulSCM-00039-00017325-00017703": "Suppose that each pair of", "nOuikiulSCM-00040-00017703-00018054": "near neighbour atoms in this solid right here", "nOuikiulSCM-00041-00018054-00018417": "has this potential energy.", "nOuikiulSCM-00042-00018417-00018900": "So remember these potential energies are always pair potentials, is another way of", "nOuikiulSCM-00043-00018900-00018953": "putting it,", "nOuikiulSCM-00044-00018953-00019255": "they're for two atoms, any two atoms.", "nOuikiulSCM-00045-00019255-00019695": "So here's the potential energy", "nOuikiulSCM-00046-00019695-00020017": "for two of those atoms.", "nOuikiulSCM-00047-00020017-00020320": "When I stick together", "nOuikiulSCM-00048-00020320-00020656": "all of these, how many are there?", "nOuikiulSCM-00049-00020656-00021048": "1 2 3 4 5 6, 1 2 3 4", "nOuikiulSCM-00050-00021048-00021386": "5 ... 36 atoms...", "nOuikiulSCM-00051-00021386-00021687": "And there's also 36 atoms here I guess, the same number.", "nOuikiulSCM-00052-00021687-00022004": "When I stick together 36 atoms here", "nOuikiulSCM-00053-00022004-00022344": "each one has", "nOuikiulSCM-00054-00022344-00023012": "six neighbors around it. How many bonds here?", "nOuikiulSCM-00055-00023012-00023485": "Well let me just finish it... That potential energy is for any", "nOuikiulSCM-00056-00023485-00023891": "two, this potential energy right here", "nOuikiulSCM-00057-00023891-00024290": "is for any two atoms in this", "nOuikiulSCM-00058-00024290-00024906": "solid, these are both solids.", "nOuikiulSCM-00059-00024906-00025234": "Which solid gives up the most", "nOuikiulSCM-00060-00025234-00025693": "bond energy when you condense it from a gas?", "nOuikiulSCM-00061-00025693-00026198": "Which solid gives up the most bond", "nOuikiulSCM-00062-00026198-00026520": "energy when you condense it from a gas? That's my question", "nOuikiulSCM-00063-00026520-00026547": "for you."}}, {"audio_id": "nOvsZ9gJm34", "text": {"nOvsZ9gJm34-00000-00000377-00000822": "All right, what's up Internet, so we're filming this during the time of", "nOvsZ9gJm34-00001-00000822-00001470": "Corona and that's why I have a mask on.  Focus on positive news especially for those who", "nOvsZ9gJm34-00002-00001470-00002190": "are into computers, gamers. There is actually good news coming. AMD is scheduled to", "nOvsZ9gJm34-00003-00002190-00002841": "release its fourth gen cpus and this is the Zen 3 architecture. It looks like AMD", "nOvsZ9gJm34-00004-00002841-00003303": "is still on a roll, the performance increases will be just as dramatic", "nOvsZ9gJm34-00005-00003303-00003717": "as those we saw from the Ryzen One, Ryzen 2 to Ryzen 3.", "nOvsZ9gJm34-00006-00003717-00004367": "So AMD is on track to deliver the same performance increases and", "nOvsZ9gJm34-00007-00004367-00004836": "considering a lot of people are quite happy with Ryzen 2,", "nOvsZ9gJm34-00008-00004836-00005343": "Ryzen 3,  we expect to be happy as well when the Ryzen 4 comes out", "nOvsZ9gJm34-00009-00005343-00005910": "this year. Rumor has it they will be announced officially September this year", "nOvsZ9gJm34-00010-00005910-00006561": "and then they will probably be released around October and because the", "nOvsZ9gJm34-00011-00006561-00006929": "Philippines is not a major market we might start seeing them locally around", "nOvsZ9gJm34-00012-00006929-00007515": "November or December. But definitely the Ryzen 4 will be", "nOvsZ9gJm34-00013-00007515-00008136": "faster and will supposedly consume less wattage as well. The bad news is they", "nOvsZ9gJm34-00014-00008136-00008790": "won't support DDR5 so if you're looking to upgrade to DDR5", "nOvsZ9gJm34-00015-00008790-00009174": "you might need to wait for the motherboard manufacturers to come up", "nOvsZ9gJm34-00016-00009174-00009725": "with you know new boards because you will need new boards for DDR5. And the", "nOvsZ9gJm34-00017-00009725-00010265": "good news is it's still AM4 so the socket is still an AM4 just as AMD", "nOvsZ9gJm34-00018-00010265-00010772": "promised. So it is backward compatible with the Ryzen 1 and onward", "nOvsZ9gJm34-00019-00010772-00011157": "motherboards. Although they're not all backwards compatible because some", "nOvsZ9gJm34-00020-00011157-00011556": "motherboard manufacturers are having a hard time fitting all of the", "nOvsZ9gJm34-00021-00011556-00012078": "instructions onto the BIOS itself, it's a bit technical, but the socket itself, AM4,", "nOvsZ9gJm34-00022-00012078-00012564": "is backward compatible but some boards because of the limitations of storage", "nOvsZ9gJm34-00023-00012564-00013112": "won't be backward compatible with the Ryzen 4s.  But this is the last time", "nOvsZ9gJm34-00024-00013112-00013697": "we're gonna be seeing an AMD releass with AM4 because they have confirmed", "nOvsZ9gJm34-00025-00013697-00014159": "that Ryzen 5 will be using a different socket, so this is the swansong", "nOvsZ9gJm34-00026-00014159-00014891": "of the AM4. But kudos to AMD that they have kept the same that they have kept", "nOvsZ9gJm34-00027-00014891-00015243": "it at AM4 for their entire run of Ryzen so far.", "nOvsZ9gJm34-00028-00015243-00015812": "Ryzen one all the way up to four have used a m4 socket and this is in contrast", "nOvsZ9gJm34-00029-00015812-00016488": "to intel which you know basically changes sockets a lot more and of course", "nOvsZ9gJm34-00030-00016488-00017031": "it is harder for people who want to upgrade just the cpu instead and of", "nOvsZ9gJm34-00031-00017031-00017501": "course every time a socket changes it's that much harder to upgrade it gets more", "nOvsZ9gJm34-00032-00017501-00018037": "expensive so kudos really to AMD for getting for four months as well as", "nOvsZ9gJm34-00033-00018037-00018522": "managing to keep the same socket team red is on a roll and it looks like it", "nOvsZ9gJm34-00034-00018522-00018900": "will continue its impressive for four months later on in the year with Rison", "nOvsZ9gJm34-00035-00018900-00019454": "for still keeping with AMD news they are also scheduled to announce and", "nOvsZ9gJm34-00036-00019454-00020132": "release the update to the graphics card it's called navi - or big navvy or RDMA", "nOvsZ9gJm34-00037-00020132-00020703": "- and just a side note on the naming conventions actually I think this is one", "nOvsZ9gJm34-00038-00020703-00021168": "area where MZ can improve because because they're naming structure is", "nOvsZ9gJm34-00039-00021168-00021645": "really confusing it sounds like Nvidia and Vidya that's a good job", "nOvsZ9gJm34-00040-00021645-00022323": "there's the Nvidia 1000 line so that's the 1660 1080 and 17 960 and things like", "nOvsZ9gJm34-00041-00022323-00022809": "that and you know what you're getting in d4 graphics cards as a very convoluted", "nOvsZ9gJm34-00042-00022809-00023274": "naming system then you know again they can't figure it out this the", "nOvsZ9gJm34-00043-00023274-00023799": "latest upcoming has caused big navvy not to unlike their CPU line which is super", "nOvsZ9gJm34-00044-00023799-00024375": "easy the horizon one bothered by the two three and four and I wish AMD would", "nOvsZ9gJm34-00045-00024375-00024843": "adopt something like that instead of flip-flopping with the names because the", "nOvsZ9gJm34-00046-00024843-00025344": "needs are important the lines or what you call the lines make it a lot easier", "nOvsZ9gJm34-00047-00025344-00025983": "for consumers to understand that yes I want this Navi to because it's faster", "nOvsZ9gJm34-00048-00025983-00026489": "than Navi it's not be too different from big Navi what's our DNA to and the more", "nOvsZ9gJm34-00049-00026489-00026988": "terms you find on the consumer the harder it is for him to figure out that", "nOvsZ9gJm34-00050-00026988-00027531": "this is the car that I need don't pick the consumer think anymore because if", "nOvsZ9gJm34-00051-00027531-00027807": "you have to think too much it's just going to go to Russia and Vidya where", "nOvsZ9gJm34-00052-00027807-00028445": "everything is a lot more straightforward but that aside yes Navi 2 looks to be", "nOvsZ9gJm34-00053-00028445-00029160": "better for AMD finally Navi 2 will allow them to have 4k gaming which currently", "nOvsZ9gJm34-00054-00029160-00029724": "only Nvidia is capable of doing the performance as well is supposed to be a", "nOvsZ9gJm34-00055-00029724-00030579": "lot faster 50 to 75 percent is the leaks or the news of a circulating so at least", "nOvsZ9gJm34-00056-00030579-00031189": "and most importantly it will finally have rate tracing or basically RDX on", "nOvsZ9gJm34-00057-00031189-00031764": "something that Nvidia popularized and really jumped on with the 2009 the RCX", "nOvsZ9gJm34-00058-00031764-00032352": "2000 line so finally AMD is catching playing catch-up yes but at least with", "nOvsZ9gJm34-00059-00032352-00033108": "the Navi - it looks like they will be apart with Nvidia but that won't be for", "nOvsZ9gJm34-00060-00033108-00033711": "long because as I'll talk about Nvidia 3000 line looks set to blow it looks set", "nOvsZ9gJm34-00061-00033711-00034233": "to surpass all of the performance specs now it's gonna", "nOvsZ9gJm34-00062-00034233-00034865": "it's gonna leave problem for everything else so empty my tie and India's 2009", "nOvsZ9gJm34-00063-00034865-00035369": "but when the ampere 3000 line Nvidia comes along that's gonna be a different", "nOvsZ9gJm34-00064-00035369-00035631": "story and we're gonna talk about that later", "nOvsZ9gJm34-00065-00035631-00036177": "Navi 2 is set to launch sometime around October so again maybe around December", "nOvsZ9gJm34-00066-00036177-00036722": "we can expect the cards to reach us here in the Philippines and interesting ly", "nOvsZ9gJm34-00067-00036722-00037469": "enough around October is when the PS file is coming out and the Xbox series X", "nOvsZ9gJm34-00068-00037469-00037953": "you know I again I don't know how to make these names so complicated but", "nOvsZ9gJm34-00069-00037953-00038571": "looks nice about or what's interesting about the next-gen consoles the PS 5 and", "nOvsZ9gJm34-00070-00038571-00039150": "the Xbox series X is that they also make use of the Navi tools for their graphics", "nOvsZ9gJm34-00071-00039150-00039669": "processing and if you know the architectures are basically the same", "nOvsZ9gJm34-00072-00039669-00040238": "then it might be easier for console games to be ported to the PC so we might", "nOvsZ9gJm34-00073-00040238-00040905": "be seeing a lot of a lot more of more thing from console exclusive items maybe", "nOvsZ9gJm34-00074-00040905-00041525": "they'll make their way to the PC faster so you know me PS in particular has a", "nOvsZ9gJm34-00075-00041525-00042024": "lot of nice exclusives like rising zero dawn which only recently got ported to", "nOvsZ9gJm34-00076-00042024-00042571": "the PC and since now the next gen consoles will be sharing a lot of our", "nOvsZ9gJm34-00077-00042571-00043143": "graphical architecture with Nagi - but the easier for game makers support them", "nOvsZ9gJm34-00078-00043143-00043769": "to the PC assuming that you know a lot of people do by Navi to GPUs", "nOvsZ9gJm34-00079-00043769-00044406": "so you know those will be they were supported ok shifting over to the Intel", "nOvsZ9gJm34-00080-00044406-00045002": "side of things Intel is set to release the temp gen combat late desktop CPUs", "nOvsZ9gJm34-00081-00045002-00045641": "we've already seen some of them in laptops so there are 10 Jan Intel", "nOvsZ9gJm34-00082-00045641-00046147": "CPUs and laptops already this is stated the desktop CPUs are", "nOvsZ9gJm34-00083-00046147-00046724": "stated to be on hand around second quarter so we're thinking actually next", "nOvsZ9gJm34-00084-00046724-00047197": "month may perhaps instantly start releasing them as I mentioned Intel", "nOvsZ9gJm34-00085-00047197-00048178": "exchanging the socket so this is not LGA 1151 it's mg a1200 and the motherboards", "nOvsZ9gJm34-00086-00048178-00048671": "that you need will be the z4 90 line actually the motherboard manufacturers", "nOvsZ9gJm34-00087-00048671-00048986": "have been all set to go based on the news they've been they've", "nOvsZ9gJm34-00088-00048986-00049384": "been ready with the z4 90 Lions however Intel has held back this", "nOvsZ9gJm34-00089-00049384-00049934": "particular chip set the test gen because they have been trying to get better", "nOvsZ9gJm34-00090-00049934-00050393": "performance with less power because all of the early reports have", "nOvsZ9gJm34-00091-00050393-00050894": "indicated that the 10th Gen Intel generate a lot of heat and they use a", "nOvsZ9gJm34-00092-00050894-00051332": "lot of power and so intel has been trying to cut that down but apparently", "nOvsZ9gJm34-00093-00051332-00051766": "they've been unsuccessful because now what we're hearing is that they are just", "nOvsZ9gJm34-00094-00051766-00052420": "simply going to release the 10th gen CPUs very soon and just to put it in", "nOvsZ9gJm34-00095-00052420-00053069": "perspective the in delta gen are supposedly used as much power as an RT", "nOvsZ9gJm34-00096-00053069-00053683": "next 2018 so that's around 220 watts and you know that's a lot of power and", "nOvsZ9gJm34-00097-00053683-00054164": "assuming you're gonna have 10 gen and then you're gonna have a 20 80 that's", "nOvsZ9gJm34-00098-00054164-00055013": "basically you know 440 or 80 watts or so and so you're gonna need a good PSU and", "nOvsZ9gJm34-00099-00055013-00055373": "you're gonna need a good cooler if you're gonna be upgrading to the 10th", "nOvsZ9gJm34-00100-00055373-00056036": "jet Intel disappointingly performance is sort of lackluster some early spec we've", "nOvsZ9gJm34-00101-00056036-00056482": "seen some early leaks and again you know this is all rumored it's not official", "nOvsZ9gJm34-00102-00056482-00057155": "but it seems to dive into what everybody else is saying they had an i-9 then", "nOvsZ9gJm34-00103-00057155-00057897": "hundred K versus versus risin nine three nine hundred X so they are nine three", "nOvsZ9gJm34-00104-00057897-00058479": "nine hundred X is available now it's from the current line of rising so third", "nOvsZ9gJm34-00105-00058479-00058877": "gender aizen's it's not the first generation that I talked about earlier", "nOvsZ9gJm34-00106-00058877-00059625": "so a cpu that AMD has available now stocked up versus of future Intel CPU", "nOvsZ9gJm34-00107-00059625-00060279": "the AMD actually one it's actually seven percent faster or you know roughly than", "nOvsZ9gJm34-00108-00060279-00060888": "the Intel 10 gen so the comet Lake can't Gen Intel looks to be a bit", "nOvsZ9gJm34-00109-00060888-00061358": "disappointing and yes there are people who super love Intel and they might you", "nOvsZ9gJm34-00110-00061358-00061854": "know that might be a recent upgrade to it but on its own all things considered", "nOvsZ9gJm34-00111-00061854-00062579": "the 10th gen line will not be the one to convince people to go back to Intel so", "nOvsZ9gJm34-00112-00062579-00063027": "Intel is still playing catch-up with a comet late night someone not playing", "nOvsZ9gJm34-00113-00063027-00063605": "catch-up though is nvidia and they are set to release their third or their 3000", "nOvsZ9gJm34-00114-00063605-00064098": "series it's a new graphics architecture they call it a beer versus occurring", "nOvsZ9gJm34-00115-00064098-00064679": "architecture of the 2009 but basically what it promises is much much faster", "nOvsZ9gJm34-00116-00064679-00065649": "graphics at the lower much much faster graphics for less power the rumor is or", "nOvsZ9gJm34-00117-00065649-00066117": "the early numbers are showing that we would get a 50 to 75 percent increase in", "nOvsZ9gJm34-00118-00066117-00066636": "performance with a decrease in power consumption of around 50 percent so", "nOvsZ9gJm34-00119-00066636-00067158": "that's really across the board those are great numbers and you really might want", "nOvsZ9gJm34-00120-00067158-00067476": "to wait if you're looking to upgrade your graphics card you might want to", "nOvsZ9gJm34-00121-00067476-00068109": "wait for the Nvidia 3009 the numbers really are looking quite", "nOvsZ9gJm34-00122-00068109-00068541": "good how long will you have to wait the rumor is that they will be officially", "nOvsZ9gJm34-00123-00068541-00069030": "announced in August and then they will be available commercially sometime", "nOvsZ9gJm34-00124-00069030-00069822": "around the end of the year and Anna Faris NVIDIA they really do take care of", "nOvsZ9gJm34-00125-00069822-00070254": "the gamer segment you know there is pushing deeper for months if you're", "nOvsZ9gJm34-00126-00070254-00070884": "curious the gaming segment makes up 50 percent of India's revenue so they know", "nOvsZ9gJm34-00127-00070884-00071349": "who butters their toast and you know they really actively try to be to push", "nOvsZ9gJm34-00128-00071349-00071793": "the envelope when it comes to graphics card so kudos to Nvidia and you might", "nOvsZ9gJm34-00129-00071793-00072219": "want to wait for their 2000 series if you're thinking of upgrading lastly", "nOvsZ9gJm34-00130-00072219-00072762": "we're going to end with memory with RAM ddr5 we've been hearing about it for a", "nOvsZ9gJm34-00131-00072762-00073317": "long time you know around 2018 that's what people started saying that ddr5 is", "nOvsZ9gJm34-00132-00073317-00073992": "actually a reality 2019 bit of news and finally in 2020 there has been news that", "nOvsZ9gJm34-00133-00073992-00074517": "it will be finally in 2020 it has been announced that yes in the r5 will be", "nOvsZ9gJm34-00134-00074517-00074985": "mass manufactured this year so that's gonna so slowly start rolling out the", "nOvsZ9gJm34-00135-00074985-00075777": "server side builds and then more slowly to consumer and PCs and ddr5 will", "nOvsZ9gJm34-00136-00075777-00076215": "require you to buy a new motherboard current motherboards do not support EDR", "nOvsZ9gJm34-00137-00076215-00077144": "5 but what do you get basically ddr5 is offering double the speed so roughly", "nOvsZ9gJm34-00138-00077144-00077688": "ddr4 around 3200 megahertz yes there are faster but you know on the", "nOvsZ9gJm34-00139-00077688-00078213": "average three thousand two hundred megahertz ddr5 is promising six thousand", "nOvsZ9gJm34-00140-00078213-00078719": "four hundred megahertz and that's not yet overclock so there are", "nOvsZ9gJm34-00141-00078719-00079363": "significant performance gains associated with the ddr5 but you will need to", "nOvsZ9gJm34-00142-00079363-00080048": "upgrade your motherboard and no word yet as to pricing this should benefit AMD", "nOvsZ9gJm34-00143-00080048-00080458": "builds because their rise in architecture has taken advantage of", "nOvsZ9gJm34-00144-00080458-00081013": "faster rams and ram size so generally the faster", "nOvsZ9gJm34-00145-00081013-00081610": "your RAM the better your rise and build and so that can only get better with the", "nOvsZ9gJm34-00146-00081610-00082219": "upcoming vdr file so that is a lot of interesting things coming for PCs later", "nOvsZ9gJm34-00147-00082219-00082898": "on in the year we just need to get through the first part of 2020 and you", "nOvsZ9gJm34-00148-00082898-00083255": "know a lot of people are suffering health-wise a lot of people are", "nOvsZ9gJm34-00149-00083255-00083920": "suffering economic wise this is twice so the best thing we can do is to follow", "nOvsZ9gJm34-00150-00083920-00084416": "health protocol we will beat this thing and hopefully once they come out on the", "nOvsZ9gJm34-00151-00084416-00084917": "other side there are a lot of interesting hardware to splurge on or", "nOvsZ9gJm34-00152-00084917-00085408": "that we can experiment with or that we can have fun with so in the meantime", "nOvsZ9gJm34-00153-00085408-00085993": "everyone stay safe and things to look forward later on and these were the", "nOvsZ9gJm34-00154-00085993-00086567": "things for the forward to after we get out of lockdown so I hope that these", "nOvsZ9gJm34-00155-00086567-00086932": "basic tips helped you if you found this video helpful please drop a like and hit", "nOvsZ9gJm34-00156-00086932-00087352": "the subscribe button for your PC needs consider buying from us Hardware sugar", "nOvsZ9gJm34-00157-00087352-00087868": "at lazada or on our website you can find links in the description below and thank", "nOvsZ9gJm34-00158-00087868-00088261": "you for watching see you next video"}}, {"audio_id": "nOJ2HcG4rZA", "text": {"nOJ2HcG4rZA-00000-00000018-00000313": "But you're crazy! You're absolutely crazy here!", "nOJ2HcG4rZA-00001-00000314-00000474": "We're crazy here.", "nOJ2HcG4rZA-00002-00000490-00000716": "But that's what makes you want to come back here, that's what's incredible!", "nOJ2HcG4rZA-00003-00001464-00001746": "Hello friends, it is today Sunday, March 17", "nOJ2HcG4rZA-00004-00001798-00002076": "In the company of \"Monsieur Flex\" who celebrates with us the St. Patrick's Day !", "nOJ2HcG4rZA-00005-00002100-00002298": "That's why our costumes are a little spectacular.", "nOJ2HcG4rZA-00006-00002318-00002664": "As usual, we will intervene with the participants before riding", "nOJ2HcG4rZA-00007-00002710-00002924": "You'll see, they're really very, very beautiful today!", "nOJ2HcG4rZA-00008-00002976-00003154": "Hello, I'm Patrick!", "nOJ2HcG4rZA-00009-00003190-00003326": "Hello, I'm Patrick-Simon !", "nOJ2HcG4rZA-00010-00003352-00003526": "Hey Hello ! It's Patrick !", "nOJ2HcG4rZA-00011-00003568-00003779": "Hello, this is Thomas who is not Patrick.", "nOJ2HcG4rZA-00012-00003779-00003870": "I thought he was Thomas!", "nOJ2HcG4rZA-00013-00003872-00004004": "No, i'm Patrick-Flex", "nOJ2HcG4rZA-00014-00004004-00004108": "Patrick-only", "nOJ2HcG4rZA-00015-00004108-00004250": "Hi Patrick, I'm Patrick.", "nOJ2HcG4rZA-00016-00004250-00004532": "Patrick-Roule ma Poule, Happy celebration to all the patricks", "nOJ2HcG4rZA-00017-00004548-00004722": "I am the patron saint of wheelers", "nOJ2HcG4rZA-00018-00004722-00005000": "St. Juju patron saint of the wheelers d'Alsace", "nOJ2HcG4rZA-00019-00005028-00005138": "Hello i'm Patrick !", "nOJ2HcG4rZA-00020-00005176-00005268": "Hello i'm Patrick !", "nOJ2HcG4rZA-00021-00005278-00005502": "\" Hopla Geiss et Roule ma Poule \" ( Let's go and roll, my chiken !)", "nOJ2HcG4rZA-00022-00006830-00006944": "Let's go and roll, baby!", "nOJ2HcG4rZA-00023-00008076-00008186": "What's going on?", "nOJ2HcG4rZA-00024-00008186-00008360": "We have a little wheel deflation.", "nOJ2HcG4rZA-00025-00008360-00008542": "So we put a little pressure on it.", "nOJ2HcG4rZA-00026-00008542-00008736": "You're on TV, make yourself presentable", "nOJ2HcG4rZA-00027-00008814-00008934": "Sunny for the moment", "nOJ2HcG4rZA-00028-00008934-00009110": "Very bad weather is expected in the next few hours", "nOJ2HcG4rZA-00029-00009138-00009212": "We'll see by then.", "nOJ2HcG4rZA-00030-00009292-00009442": "I'm starting the drone sequence.", "nOJ2HcG4rZA-00042-00012678-00012916": "We are in the Haguenau Forest, the largest in Alsace", "nOJ2HcG4rZA-00043-00013054-00013230": "And nature is beautiful", "nOJ2HcG4rZA-00047-00015224-00015300": "Happy patrick's day", "nOJ2HcG4rZA-00048-00016191-00016380": "The sky is getting overcast and darker and darker!", "nOJ2HcG4rZA-00049-00016406-00016660": "It's more than likely that we'll be in the rain very soon", "nOJ2HcG4rZA-00050-00017640-00017854": "♪ Let It Go ♪ ♪ Let It Go ♪", "nOJ2HcG4rZA-00051-00017900-00018186": "♪  My Tesla wheel won't burn  ♪", "nOJ2HcG4rZA-00052-00018328-00018538": "♪ Let It Go ♪ ♪ Let It Go ♪", "nOJ2HcG4rZA-00053-00018570-00018860": "♪ I'll be able to keep it for a few years  ♪", "nOJ2HcG4rZA-00054-00019010-00019470": "♪ In the rain, I'd drive without a break ♪", "nOJ2HcG4rZA-00055-00019536-00019700": "♪ La la la la laaaaaaaaaa ♪", "nOJ2HcG4rZA-00056-00020352-00020628": "♪ But what he's not saying is that he doesn't have a battery left. ♪", "nOJ2HcG4rZA-00057-00020664-00020952": "So now we're in Nieder South Park", "nOJ2HcG4rZA-00058-00020972-00021072": "something like that.", "nOJ2HcG4rZA-00059-00021188-00021480": "The mascot of the Alsatian wheelers says it's Niedersoultzbach", "nOJ2HcG4rZA-00060-00021480-00021684": "Nie-der-Soultz-bach", "nOJ2HcG4rZA-00063-00022338-00022438": "Long live the Patricks!", "nOJ2HcG4rZA-00064-00022446-00022660": "There's a lot of Patrick everywhere !", "nOJ2HcG4rZA-00068-00024252-00024370": "Be careful, it's raining on the right!", "nOJ2HcG4rZA-00069-00025028-00025236": "Small dedication to the \"Pro'wheelers\" ( a group of Parisian wheelers)", "nOJ2HcG4rZA-00070-00025252-00025518": "Right now we're doing an extreme wheelers session.", "nOJ2HcG4rZA-00071-00025560-00025652": "See for yourself", "nOJ2HcG4rZA-00072-00026232-00026358": "We also train for extreme sessions", "nOJ2HcG4rZA-00073-00026358-00026600": "By my life I offer you the crossing", "nOJ2HcG4rZA-00074-00026633-00026756": "Quickly!", "nOJ2HcG4rZA-00075-00028550-00028938": "Extreme wheelers with Adelin now without batteries", "nOJ2HcG4rZA-00076-00028958-00029086": "drenched to the bone", "nOJ2HcG4rZA-00077-00029086-00029492": "* he cries like a baby*", "nOJ2HcG4rZA-00078-00029562-00029954": "Honestly, it was great! Thank you for the welcome of the Alsatian wheelers", "nOJ2HcG4rZA-00079-00029982-00030156": "I hope we'll meet again very soon (he drove 600km to come and see us)", "nOJ2HcG4rZA-00080-00030186-00030458": "Thank you for the welcome! Hopla Geiss et roule ma poule !", "nOJ2HcG4rZA-00081-00030460-00030576": "And although what can I say", "nOJ2HcG4rZA-00082-00030614-00030852": "You who watch this youtube channel", "nOJ2HcG4rZA-00083-00030852-00031012": "I have only one piece of advice to give you", "nOJ2HcG4rZA-00084-00031022-00031145": "Subscribe now!", "nOJ2HcG4rZA-00085-00031152-00031552": "Support the wheelers of Alsace, Alsace, Strasbourg and all the participants!", "nOJ2HcG4rZA-00086-00031576-00031760": "It was great. I had a great weekend.", "nOJ2HcG4rZA-00087-00031772-00031914": "Thank you all! Ciao !"}}, {"audio_id": "nOaHgc4UgzY", "text": {"nOaHgc4UgzY-00000-00000024-00000995": "Today, many certain denominations or sects accuse the Catholic Church of being the antichrist", "nOaHgc4UgzY-00001-00000995-00001278": "because of the inverted cross on the Pope's seat.", "nOaHgc4UgzY-00002-00001278-00001830": "They generally see this from the photo of Blessed Pope John Paul II sitting on a chair", "nOaHgc4UgzY-00003-00001830-00001959": "with an inverted cross.", "nOaHgc4UgzY-00004-00001959-00002532": "Is it true that such accusations ?. On this occasion the jalapress.com team will provide", "nOaHgc4UgzY-00005-00002532-00002849": "a simple rebuttal or clarification.", "nOaHgc4UgzY-00006-00002849-00004268": "We need to  know that such accusations are inappropriate", "nOaHgc4UgzY-00007-00004268-00004385": "and ridiculous accusations.", "nOaHgc4UgzY-00008-00004385-00005046": "The inverted cross has a deep and deeply Catholic meaning.", "nOaHgc4UgzY-00009-00005046-00006614": "In the Catholic tradition, the inverted cross is St. Peter's Cross.", "nOaHgc4UgzY-00010-00006614-00008335": "According to the testimony of the Church Fathers, the Apostle Peter was put to death by crucifixion,", "nOaHgc4UgzY-00011-00008335-00009206": "but he chose to be crucified upside down because he felt unworthy of being crucified like Christ.", "nOaHgc4UgzY-00012-00009206-00010128": "St. Jerome (342-420) based on his research of historical documents in Rome said, “Simon", "nOaHgc4UgzY-00013-00010128-00011360": "Peter, ... brother of Andrew the Apostle, and himself was the leader of the apostles,", "nOaHgc4UgzY-00014-00011360-00012242": "having become bishop of Antioch and preaching to the Jews who were scattered ... in Pontus", "nOaHgc4UgzY-00015-00012242-00013029": ", Galatians, Capados, Asia and Bithynia, in the second year of Emperor Claudius' reign,", "nOaHgc4UgzY-00016-00013029-00014501": "went to Rome to expel Simon Magus, and set up there the holy throne for twenty-five years", "nOaHgc4UgzY-00017-00014501-00015244": "until Nero's final year, which is the fourteenth.", "nOaHgc4UgzY-00018-00015244-00016983": "By Nero he  was nailed to a cross and crowned with martyrdom,", "nOaHgc4UgzY-00019-00016983-00018343": "his head down on the ground, and his feet high, for he insisted that he was not worthy", "nOaHgc4UgzY-00020-00018343-00019075": "of being crucified in the same way as his Lord ... He was buried in Rome in the Vatican,", "nOaHgc4UgzY-00021-00019075-00019358": "near Via Triumphalis, and celebrated with worldwide respect.", "nOaHgc4UgzY-00022-00019358-00019458": "\"", "nOaHgc4UgzY-00023-00019458-00019811": "Thus we are not confused by the unfounded accusations of non-Catholics.", "nOaHgc4UgzY-00024-00019811-00020512": "We ourselves know that the Catholic Church uses the symbol of an inverted cross on the", "nOaHgc4UgzY-00025-00020512-00021314": "Pope's seat to remember that the Pope is the successor of", "nOaHgc4UgzY-00026-00021314-00021885": "the Apostle Peter, leader of the early Church (cf.", "nOaHgc4UgzY-00027-00021885-00021985": "John 21: 15-19).", "nOaHgc4UgzY-00028-00021985-00023471": "In addition, the use of an inverted cross is a", "nOaHgc4UgzY-00029-00023471-00026336": "symbol that the Pope's", "nOaHgc4UgzY-00030-00026336-00030472": "leadership must follow the example of the Apostle Peter, who was willing to lay down", "nOaHgc4UgzY-00031-00030472-00031172": "his life for God and His Church.", "nOaHgc4UgzY-00032-00031172-00031693": "Why is there an inverted cross used by Satanists?", "nOaHgc4UgzY-00033-00031693-00033318": "The founder of  the “Satanic Church” is an American pastor", "nOaHgc4UgzY-00034-00033318-00033503": "named La Vey.", "nOaHgc4UgzY-00035-00033503-00035396": "The inverted cross used by the \"Satanic Church\" is not", "nOaHgc4UgzY-00036-00035396-00037309": "the same as the cross on the seat  of the Pope.", "nOaHgc4UgzY-00037-00037309-00040118": "In other words, the cross used is \"similar but not the same\", especially the historical", "nOaHgc4UgzY-00038-00040118-00040671": "and spiritual meaning.", "nOaHgc4UgzY-00039-00040671-00041941": "The inverted cross was used by the Church of Satan around the 18th century.", "nOaHgc4UgzY-00040-00041941-00043287": "Meanwhile, the use of the inverted cross of the Apostle Peter has existed since the first", "nOaHgc4UgzY-00041-00043287-00043665": "century.", "nOaHgc4UgzY-00042-00043665-00045443": "The use of the inverted cross by the \"Satanic Church\" is actually to outwit Christians,", "nOaHgc4UgzY-00043-00045443-00045553": "especially Catholics.", "nOaHgc4UgzY-00044-00045553-00046812": "The Catholic Church is even stronger and stronger because Jesus has promised that His Church", "nOaHgc4UgzY-00045-00046812-00048918": "will be guarded until the end of time and the gates of Hell will not dominate it.", "nOaHgc4UgzY-00046-00048918-00060806": "Thus to match the Cross which the Pope is wearing with", "nOaHgc4UgzY-00047-00060806-00063109": "the \"Satanic Church\" is futile and ridiculous."}}, {"audio_id": "nPwU9B7_3zk", "text": {"nPwU9B7_3zk-00000-00000018-00000630": "Hi, in this tutorial, I will show you how to use the Arduino IDE to compile and flash the", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00001-00000630-00001212": "ESP8266 deauther project onto a development board like this Wemos d1 Mini here.", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00002-00001215-00001641": "There are multiple ways you can install the  deauther firmware, but here I want to focus", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00003-00001641-00002145": "on using the Arduino IDE because once you know what to do, you will be able to", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00004-00002145-00002511": "replicate the same steps for most, if not all, Arduino projects.", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00005-00002595-00003075": "Ok, before we get started, I want to take a quick minute to show you how to find the", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00006-00003075-00003215": "information you're looking for.", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00007-00003215-00003645": "And if you're trying to apply the same steps to different projects, you will need to know", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00008-00003645-00003759": "what to look for.", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00009-00003761-00004197": "So the first thing I do is search for the project itself.", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00010-00004197-00004689": "And if it's like an open source Arduino project, you will usually find a GitHub page.", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00011-00004689-00004912": "So this is actually the first thing that comes up here.", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00012-00004914-00005484": "So I open this and this repository is where the code and just everything about this", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00013-00005484-00005680": "project lives, basically.", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00014-00005682-00006055": "And yeah, if you scroll down, you find the readme file.", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00015-00006057-00006492": "This is it, and it contains a lot of info about the project.", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00016-00006495-00006892": "Now we are looking for an installation guide, so we scroll down.", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00017-00006894-00007415": "There it is. It actually tells us to click here to go into our wiki.", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00018-00007416-00007865": "And if we do that, here we are on the installation tutorial.", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00019-00007866-00008083": "We are looking for compiling using Arduino IDE.", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00020-00008123-00008547": "So click here for all of those that just look for a quick tutorial.", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00021-00008571-00008757": "These are the steps you need to follow.", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00022-00008769-00009330": "I will go over them in this video in a bit more detail to try to prevent a lot of common", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00023-00009330-00009760": "pitfalls. But yeah, you can just follow them as they are.", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00024-00009762-00010344": "So if this is a different project and you can't find any installation tutorial on the", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00025-00010344-00010788": "readme itself, what I recommend you checking is whether or not there is a Wiki tab in the", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00026-00010788-00011355": "top because some projects like this one, they can be so big that it's not worth", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00027-00011355-00011742": "putting the entire documentation into the readme file itself.", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00028-00011745-00012348": "So GitHub has this feature where you can host a little wiki page on the repository", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00029-00012348-00012774": "itself. You just need to know that it's there, and this is where you find the", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00030-00012774-00012936": "documentation of this project.", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00031-00012936-00013128": "And in our case, we are looking for installation.", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00032-00013200-00013728": "So that's here on the right and compiling using Arduino IDE in particular.", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00033-00013734-00014072": "So if you click there we are on the same page again.", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00034-00014072-00014310": "So that's just a quick tip on finding these instructions.", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00035-00014376-00014735": "I'm also showing you this because the instructions might change in the future.", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00036-00014736-00015231": "So checking this out is always a good idea before you get started, because as projects", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00037-00015231-00015552": "evolve, they might require a different setup process.", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00038-00015633-00015797": "So yeah, this is how you find this information.", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00039-00015882-00016146": "And now let's get started.", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00040-00016158-00016656": "Ok. First of all, we need the Arduino IDE, so I look for Arduino.", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00041-00016695-00017310": "This is their home page, and if we go to software, you will find the downloads for the", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00042-00017310-00017931": "Arduino IDE. That's what we need, and I will download the Windows 7 and newer option here", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00043-00017931-00018227": "because this is a Windows computer.", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00044-00018227-00018384": "Just download. All right.", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00045-00018384-00018507": "Yeah, I agree.", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00046-00018510-00018748": "Yes. Install everything.", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00047-00018748-00019134": "OK, and then if it's done installing, we can close this.", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00048-00019176-00019524": "So if everything went right, we should be able to start Arduino.", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00049-00019587-00019881": "And as you can see, it is working.", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00050-00019881-00020001": "We have it open here.", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00051-00020001-00020291": "But what is missing is our code.", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00052-00020292-00020802": "We need to download the project so we can actually have something to compile and", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00053-00020802-00021273": "upload, of course. So I'm going back to my browser here and I'm going back to the", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00054-00021273-00021420": "installation tutorial.", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00055-00021438-00021838": "And as you can see, step one is download the source code of this project.", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00056-00021840-00022353": "Now we can just click here, and this will download a zip file containing the source", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00057-00022353-00023097": "code. Alternatively, you can go back to the main page of the repository and click on code", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00058-00023097-00023271": "and then download Zip.", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00059-00023274-00023814": "Also, another option is to go to the releases here on the right and then go to the", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00060-00023814-00024396": "latest release. Then you will find all the bin files here, but you will also find the", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00061-00024396-00024545": "source code in a zip.", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00062-00024546-00025191": "So whatever you decide doing, you just downloaded the ESP8266 Deauther V2 and I'm", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00063-00025191-00025403": "going to extract that.", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00064-00025404-00025527": "Open the folder.", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00065-00025530-00026020": "Go to the ESP8266 Deauther folder and here we find the ino file.", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00066-00026022-00026139": "That's what we are looking for.", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00067-00026142-00026589": "The ino file is always the main file for an Arduino project.", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00068-00026637-00027120": "Ok, so this is the file we want to open, so I'm just going to double click it to open it", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00069-00027120-00027297": "with the Arduino IDE.", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00070-00027330-00027839": "So here we have it, and you can see there are a lot of tabs in the top here, and those", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00071-00027839-00028067": "are all the other files in the folder.", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00072-00028068-00028311": "So this project is pretty big.", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00073-00028323-00028998": "And I think this is a good time to point out a common pitfall, and that is just having", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00074-00028998-00029189": "this ino file - it's not enough.", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00075-00029189-00029495": "You need the entire folder with all these other files.", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00076-00029495-00029707": "They are all required for this project.", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00077-00029708-00030401": "What will not work is if you go into the zip file, you know, like this, go into the", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00078-00030401-00030719": "folder, go here and then double click it.", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00079-00030725-00030863": "Let's see what happens.", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00080-00030872-00031133": "Ok, so I opened the same file, right?", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00081-00031133-00031322": "But all these other files are gone.", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00082-00031325-00031793": "They're not here. And that's because we just opened it from the zip file without actually", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00083-00031793-00031931": "extracting the other files.", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00084-00031931-00032120": "It only extracted this one file.", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00085-00032123-00032288": "So this will not work.", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00086-00032291-00032717": "You need to download the entire project and extract the folder.", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00087-00032720-00032828": "Go in there.", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00088-00032831-00033223": "Open it from here so that you see all the other files required.", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00089-00033224-00033482": "If you see them, then everything should be good to go.", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00090-00033485-00033827": "So now we have Arduino IDE installed and we have the project open.", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00091-00033827-00034008": "Arduino IDE so far, so good.", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00092-00034010-00034265": "But how do we compile this now?", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00093-00034268-00034661": "Usually you would just click the Verify button in the top left.", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00094-00034661-00035186": "But the problem is we don't have a compiler for our ESP8266 board.", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00095-00035204-00035729": "We need to install that as well to see what boards are supported in your Arduino IDE, you", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00096-00035729-00036176": "can actually go to tools, board and then select the one you're using.", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00097-00036176-00036646": "But with a clean Arduino installation, you will only see those classic Arduino boards", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00098-00036647-00037106": "and you don't see anything about an ESP8266  or Wemos D1 mini.", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00099-00037166-00037307": "We need to install them.", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00100-00037307-00037832": "And the first thing to do that is by telling the Arduino IDE where these tools are", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00101-00037832-00038042": "located, where it can find them.", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00102-00038042-00038717": "So I'm going back to the tutorial and in step three, it tells you a certain link that", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00103-00038717-00038848": "you will have to copy.", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00104-00038849-00039383": "And then in the Arduino IDE, you have to go to file preferences.", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00105-00039482-00040172": "And then here under additional boards  manager, URLs click on the little icon to the", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00106-00040172-00040601": "right and then control V to paste the link.", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00107-00040601-00041267": "You just copy it if you have multiple URLs in here because you run a couple of projects", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00108-00041267-00041540": "and you can just add more URLs line by line.", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00109-00041540-00042068": "But I only have that one link, so I'm just going to click OK and then save the settings", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00110-00042068-00042215": "by clicking OK.", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00111-00042218-00042616": "And now we've added those tools, but we haven't actually installed them yet.", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00112-00042617-00043316": "So to do that, we go to tools board port manager and now it's downloading a list of", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00113-00043316-00043433": "all the available tools.", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00114-00043433-00043892": "And once that's done, we can type deauther  in the search bar here.", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00115-00043916-00044522": "Press enter and this should give us the  deauther ESP8266 boards by spacehuhn", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00116-00044522-00044990": "technologies. That's the package we need because this is specifically for the project", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00117-00044990-00045143": "we are trying to install here.", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00118-00045146-00045440": "And so I'm just going to click Install.", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00119-00045575-00046082": "Ok, once it's installed, I can close this and if everything worked, we should now be", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00120-00046082-00046937": "able to go to tools, board and see deauther ESP8266 boards appear in the list and now I", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00121-00046937-00047477": "can select the Lolin Wemos d1 Mini because that's the board I am using here.", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00122-00047477-00047591": "So I click that.", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00123-00047618-00048221": "And now if I go back to tools once again I see that a few options just popped up.", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00124-00048221-00048473": "For example, we can change the upload speed.", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00125-00048473-00048959": "So if you have troubles uploading the code to the board, you can try lowering this, for", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00126-00048959-00049151": "example, to 115200.", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00127-00049154-00049298": "That should always work.", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00128-00049379-00049937": "You can change the flash size, one megabyte is a good choice if you're just unsure about", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00129-00049937-00050444": "the memory that your board has, so you can just leave that there.", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00130-00050477-00051217": "Erase Flash is a good option if you try to override a previous firmware that might have", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00131-00051221-00051645": "kept a few settings alive and could mess with the new installation.", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00132-00051647-00052196": "So, for example, you can select sketch plus WiFi settings, so it would overwrite the", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00133-00052196-00052792": "code, but also previous WiFi configurations like SSIDs or known networks.", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00134-00052792-00053009": "And then we have the deauther config.", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00135-00053009-00053491": "This is specifically for this project, and we can select the Wemos d1 mini here to", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00136-00053491-00053849": "basically indicate that we are running this on the bare dev board.", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00137-00053854-00054440": "Or we can select one of the display examples and to explain that I have to go back.", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00138-00054440-00055028": "So in the wiki, we actually see a section called set up display and buttons.", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00139-00055029-00055703": "And here you find a tutorial about setting up these little OLED displays to use them", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00140-00055703-00055832": "with the deauther firmware.", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00141-00055871-00056411": "And you see a few examples set up here telling you which pins to connect.", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00142-00056423-00056966": "And if you want to recreate that exact setup like here, you can now select the", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00143-00056966-00057433": "corresponding config here, so the display and buttons will actually work.", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00144-00057434-00057722": "But since we are running this on the bare  Wemos board, we don't need that.", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00145-00057722-00057824": "We don't need the display.", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00146-00057824-00058073": "And so I just keep it as it is.", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00147-00058076-00058520": "So if everything is set up properly, we should now be able to click the Verify button", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00148-00058520-00058855": "in the top left, and this will actually start the compiler.", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00149-00058913-00059137": "Ok, so this is what we like to see.", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00150-00059138-00059251": "There's no error.", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00151-00059251-00059467": "It says Done compiling a quick tip.", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00152-00059467-00059888": "If you want to see more information about the compilation process, you can go to file", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00153-00059897-00060428": "preferences and show verbose output during compilation.", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00154-00060554-00061154": "And if you want, you can also enable compiler warnings here, but OK, if you didn't", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00155-00061154-00061684": "run into any problems, then we can continue by connecting the board.", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00156-00061685-00061919": "So I'm going to connect this to the computer now.", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00157-00062000-00062451": "Windows made it at a connection sound, so I know it's recognized the device.", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00158-00062453-00062885": "And if I go to tools, I now have a port show up here.", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00159-00062888-00063395": "I don't have any other COM port available, so I can be sure this is the board that I", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00160-00063395-00063509": "just connected.", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00161-00063563-00064019": "If you don't see a new COM port pop up, then check the cable.", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00162-00064022-00064199": "Some cables are power only.", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00163-00064199-00064673": "Those are usually used for phone chargers, for example, so they don't transmit any data.", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00164-00064674-00064965": "And so your computer cannot actually talk to this board.", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00165-00064966-00065399": "So on the Wiki tutorial below, compiling using Arduino IDE, you actually have a", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00166-00065399-00065681": "section called installation tips and tricks.", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00167-00065681-00066044": "So that's where you find some good information, and this is also where you can", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00168-00066044-00066219": "find links to the drivers.", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00169-00066221-00066698": "So if you can't find the COM port, if your computer doesn't recognize the board when you", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00170-00066698-00067073": "plug it in, maybe you need to install one of those two drivers.", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00171-00067076-00067562": "Those are the most commonly used chips for these ESP8266 development boards.", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00172-00067568-00068009": "And yeah, make sure you have them installed if your system doesn't recognize them by", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00173-00068009-00068390": "default. Now, if you have multiple COM  ports available.", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00174-00068390-00068891": "So for example, here I have COM4 and COM5  five, and I don't know which one of those is", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00175-00068891-00069089": "the development board I have connected.", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00176-00069101-00069317": "I can just disconnect it.", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00177-00069320-00069746": "Check the list again, and I see that COM4  disappeared.", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00178-00069803-00070307": "And now just to double check, I'm going to plug that back in and I see that.", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00179-00070307-00070433": "COM4 re-appeared.", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00180-00070433-00070874": "So I know COM4 is this board in particular.", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00181-00070874-00071537": "In windows, you can also open the device manager and look at Ports (COM & LPT), and", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00182-00071537-00071912": "maybe you can find additional information on the components available.", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00183-00071915-00072593": "For example, five is just some ordinary USB  serial port apparently, and COM4 tells us the", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00184-00072596-00073105": "serial chip that is being used here, and it's using the CP210x driver.", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00185-00073106-00073472": "And I also know that the drivers are properly installed for this device.", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00186-00073487-00073874": "But if you successfully connected your  board, select the COM port and then we can", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00187-00073874-00074411": "click the upload button in the top left, this will start the compiler.", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00188-00074411-00074888": "And now we can actually see the verbose output we enabled earlier and now it is", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00189-00074888-00075047": "actually uploading. So here we see the progress.", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00190-00075155-00075284": "Pretty interesting.", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00191-00075356-00075518": "This is what we like to see.", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00192-00075527-00075671": "That's it done uploading.", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00193-00075722-00076226": "So how do we check if that works, where we can check if the pwned network shows up in", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00194-00076226-00076565": "our network list. Because that's a network the deauther creates.", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00195-00076616-00077523": "What we can also do is go to Tools, serial monitor and now make sure to select 115200", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00196-00077523-00077864": "baud  and then type something like help, for example.", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00197-00077957-00078320": "And you should see an output like this.", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00198-00078323-00078917": "So if that works, then you have successfully installed the ESP8266 deauther V2 and you", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00199-00078917-00079121": "are now able to use it now.", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00200-00079121-00079655": "Since we have already set up Arduino IDE here and I have made a few tutorials on the D", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00201-00079655-00079787": "eauther V3 already.", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00202-00079790-00080054": "I want to show you how to install that as well.", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00203-00080093-00081083": "So we go back to our repository here and in the top left here you can select different", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00204-00081083-00081605": "branches. So by default, this is V2 and that's the version we just installed.", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00205-00081605-00082040": "But I want to show you how to install the version three and for that we have to switch", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00206-00082040-00082193": "to that branch.", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00207-00082205-00082684": "And now you see, it also has a different readme with a few infos.", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00208-00082685-00083174": "You cannot connect to it using a web interface and you cannot use a display that's", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00209-00083174-00083315": "very important to note.", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00210-00083318-00083987": "However, this version has a lot more complex features and attacks you can run with it.", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00211-00083987-00084091": "To learn more about that.", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00212-00084092-00084354": "Check the other videos we did on the  deauther V3.", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00213-00084356-00084497": "So, yeah, how do we install this?", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00214-00084500-00084848": "Well, first of all, you can also scroll down and it will tell you how to install using the", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00215-00084848-00085334": "bin file the Arduino IDE and even Arduino IDE clear, which is pretty cool.", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00216-00085430-00085853": "We are interested in installing using Arduino IDE, and you will notice that they", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00217-00085853-00086098": "basically share the same steps to set it up.", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00218-00086099-00086452": "So I'm going to click here to download the source code.", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00219-00086453-00087272": "So now I have ESP8266_deauther-3.zip and I'm going to extract that, open the folder open", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00220-00087272-00087737": "ESP8266_deauther and open the ino file here.", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00221-00087755-00088241": "Now I am in Arduino IDE and you can see that the code looks a bit different, but compiling", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00222-00088241-00088411": "and uploading this is pretty much the same.", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00223-00088412-00088736": "We go to tools, select our board.", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00224-00088739-00089213": "Maybe you notice that there is no deauther  Andromeda listed here, but don't worry if you", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00225-00089213-00089507": "have one, you can just select the Wemos d1  mini as well.", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00226-00089507-00089736": "It doesn't make any difference in this case.", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00227-00089738-00090131": "We can also leave all the other configurations as they are.", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00228-00090134-00090788": "For example, the deauther config is made for the deauther V2, and so changing this does", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00229-00090788-00091175": "not make any difference when compiling the  deauther v3 firmware.", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00230-00091184-00091560": "But anyway, we select our COM Port, then we just click upload.", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00231-00091562-00091957": "Now, once it's done uploading, we go to tools serial monitor.", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00232-00091964-00092309": "Make sure it's set to the right board rate and type help.", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00233-00092309-00092619": "And we should see a bunch of commands.", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00234-00092619-00093017": "Can also type chicken to see a beautiful ASCII chicken.", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00235-00093029-00093395": "If we type welcome, then we see its version 3.0 dev.", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00236-00093416-00093818": "But yeah, this is pretty much the entire setup process.", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00237-00093818-00094207": "And if this video helped you set up your offer, let us know in the comments.", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00238-00094208-00094430": "Leave a like and subscribe for more upcoming videos.", "nPwU9B7_3zk-00239-00094517-00094655": "And yeah, have a nice day."}}, {"audio_id": "nPx-hUAv_Gy", "text": {"nPx-hUAv_Gy-00000-00000000-00000362": "-You're wearing Shin Chan pajamas! Cute", "nPx-hUAv_Gy-00001-00000362-00000696": "[Kuriko went to her friend's house after a long time]", "nPx-hUAv_Gy-00002-00000696-00000959": "-Congratulations on your wedding -Thank you.", "nPx-hUAv_Gy-00003-00001184-00001614": "[Kuriko had a good time being congratulated by her friends' children.]", "nPx-hUAv_Gy-00004-00001614-00002018": "-Congratulations on your wedding -Thank you.", "nPx-hUAv_Gy-00005-00002235-00002410": "[The next morning.]", "nPx-hUAv_Gy-00006-00002410-00003036": "I woke up the next day and I'm still sober.  The children are already up.", "nPx-hUAv_Gy-00007-00003119-00003470": "-Good morning. I'm sorry until late yesterday.  -No it's okay.", "nPx-hUAv_Gy-00008-00003470-00003866": "-Good morning -Where's Push Pop?", "nPx-hUAv_Gy-00009-00003866-00004216": "-My push pop... -It's in the room!", "nPx-hUAv_Gy-00010-00004333-00004817": "(Japanese kids wake up in the morning and watch Crayon Shin-chan)", "nPx-hUAv_Gy-00011-00005046-00005472": "[I went to the movie festival with this friend, and I met Kyungsik there for the first time.]", "nPx-hUAv_Gy-00012-00005576-00006093": "-I'm here. Saori, where are you? -I'm near you", "nPx-hUAv_Gy-00013-00006093-00006606": "-Huh? Where? I can't find you -My mother is taking a bath -What? She's taking a bath?", "nPx-hUAv_Gy-00014-00006606-00006965": "-I'm wearing a hoodie -Oh, hoodie! I thought it was a bath.LOL", "nPx-hUAv_Gy-00015-00007253-00007532": "(So cute)", "nPx-hUAv_Gy-00016-00007695-00008103": "-I'm making my own soup at my friend's house.LOL", "nPx-hUAv_Gy-00017-00008266-00008662": "(I had a simple Japanese style breakfast.)", "nPx-hUAv_Gy-00018-00008808-00009209": "(It is a hip detective cartoon that is popular with Japanese children these days.)", "nPx-hUAv_Gy-00019-00009288-00009772": "-Will Kazumi be okay now? -She has a terrible hangover -Oh, I see.", "nPx-hUAv_Gy-00020-00009772-00010481": "-Kazumi has a hard time when she wakes up in the morning -She's having a hard time the day after she drinks", "nPx-hUAv_Gy-00021-00010481-00011015": "-It's called a hangover. What am I telling this kid? LOL", "nPx-hUAv_Gy-00022-00011227-00011632": "-\"Eomma\" means \"Mom\" in Korean, right? -Yeah, say \"Eomma\"", "nPx-hUAv_Gy-00023-00011632-00012333": "-The Japanese in this neighborhood call the Korean woman \"Eomma\" -Oh, I see.", "nPx-hUAv_Gy-00024-00012583-00013217": "-Kanon. Masissoyo? (=Is it good) -What? -Masissoyo? (Is it delicious?)", "nPx-hUAv_Gy-00025-00013217-00013509": "-That means it's delicious -They say \"Masissoyo\" in Korean", "nPx-hUAv_Gy-00026-00013509-00013876": "[She's embarrassed by the foreign language she's never heard before]", "nPx-hUAv_Gy-00027-00013876-00014147": "-Atsuto. Say \"Masissoyo\"", "nPx-hUAv_Gy-00028-00014147-00014668": "-You don't say that. LOL -Masissoyo -Oh, awesome!", "nPx-hUAv_Gy-00029-00014668-00015048": "(Let's teach Kuriko's favorite Korean word)", "nPx-hUAv_Gy-00030-00015048-00015615": "-Kanon, speak Korean to the camera -What?", "nPx-hUAv_Gy-00031-00015711-00016070": "(Speak Korean)", "nPx-hUAv_Gy-00032-00016070-00016324": "-She spoke Korean. LOL", "nPx-hUAv_Gy-00033-00016324-00016670": "-I want one more jelly -There's no more jelly", "nPx-hUAv_Gy-00034-00016670-00016958": "-How do you say 'jelly' in Korean? -It's called 'jelly' in Korean", "nPx-hUAv_Gy-00035-00016958-00017438": "-Jelly? I don't think that's Korean -Maybe it's the same as English", "nPx-hUAv_Gy-00036-00017701-00018318": "-What do you call \"jelly\" in Korean? -This is called jelly", "nPx-hUAv_Gy-00037-00018430-00018768": "-Say \"give me\" in Korean -(Speak in Japanese)", "nPx-hUAv_Gy-00038-00018956-00019302": "-Zooseyo. -Say \"Zooseyo\" -(Speak in Japanese)", "nPx-hUAv_Gy-00039-00019444-00020057": "-He thinks he's Japanese -Give me the jelly! -If you say it in Korean, I will give you jelly", "nPx-hUAv_Gy-00040-00020057-00020253": "(He was frustrated.)", "nPx-hUAv_Gy-00041-00020253-00020937": "-If you say it in Korean, I will give you jelly", "nPx-hUAv_Gy-00042-00020937-00021613": "-Say it in Korean -I can't say that -Liar! Let's say it together", "nPx-hUAv_Gy-00043-00021629-00021784": "???", "nPx-hUAv_Gy-00044-00021921-00022230": "-Say it in Korean! -Zooseyo", "nPx-hUAv_Gy-00045-00022230-00022505": "(Eventually, he could speak Korean because of the jelly)", "nPx-hUAv_Gy-00046-00022505-00022714": "-How do you say \"grandmother\" in Korean? -Harmony", "nPx-hUAv_Gy-00047-00022714-00023089": "-Harmony? -Yes. Harmony", "nPx-hUAv_Gy-00048-00023089-00023398": "-That's cute -Right.", "nPx-hUAv_Gy-00049-00023398-00023740": "-Harmony~ -What?", "nPx-hUAv_Gy-00050-00023740-00024032": "[Kanon is speaking to her grandmother in Korean]", "nPx-hUAv_Gy-00051-00024107-00024520": "-How do you say \"grandfather\" in Korean? -Harabeoji -Harabeoji....", "nPx-hUAv_Gy-00052-00024520-00025216": "-Children look so cute when they speak Korean! -Where's harabeoji now? -You are good at Korean", "nPx-hUAv_Gy-00053-00025337-00026076": "-Where's Harabeoji now? -He's working right now", "nPx-hUAv_Gy-00054-00026251-00026780": "-Tell me useful Korean -In Korean, \"Hips\" is called \"EongdongI\" -Oh really?", "nPx-hUAv_Gy-00055-00026780-00026985": "-No!", "nPx-hUAv_Gy-00056-00026985-00027385": "-My hips are crying♪ (Japanese children's song)", "nPx-hUAv_Gy-00057-00027581-00028023": "(The third baby began to cry)", "nPx-hUAv_Gy-00058-00028661-00029692": "-Thank you guys. -Mom, hold on to this -You're good at walking -Her slippers are too big", "nPx-hUAv_Gy-00059-00029758-00030196": "-Play with the chili pepper toy a lot -The letters are already erased -Oh, I see.", "nPx-hUAv_Gy-00060-00030196-00030822": "-What's this Korean? Oh, it's the sound of laughing -What's written in Korean? -There is Korean written here", "nPx-hUAv_Gy-00061-00031214-00031385": "-Be careful on your way -Yes.", "nPx-hUAv_Gy-00062-00031531-00031794": "-Here is... Ouch", "nPx-hUAv_Gy-00063-00031794-00032223": "-Here is.. Wait.. I think I'm stupid", "nPx-hUAv_Gy-00064-00032223-00032820": "-This is a place where I often came to film when I was at the broadcasting station. Isn't it cute?", "nPx-hUAv_Gy-00065-00032878-00033112": "-I need to buy some presents", "nPx-hUAv_Gy-00066-00033112-00033295": "(synchronize a microphone)", "nPx-hUAv_Gy-00067-00033295-00033541": "-Why do I make the mic sync sound like this?", "nPx-hUAv_Gy-00068-00033541-00033942": "(a gift shop)", "nPx-hUAv_Gy-00069-00033942-00034230": "-I'd like to drink as long as I'm not driving", "nPx-hUAv_Gy-00070-00034488-00034934": "-This is sweet potato soju. It's really good.  I really like it", "nPx-hUAv_Gy-00071-00035005-00035548": "-I should buy it as a gift when I go to Fukuoka next week. It looks delicious.", "nPx-hUAv_Gy-00072-00035548-00036031": "(This is Miyazaki's specialty, beef curry and dried fish)", "nPx-hUAv_Gy-00073-00036344-00036603": "-The cherry blossoms are in full bloom!", "nPx-hUAv_Gy-00074-00036603-00037066": "-It's so pretty! -There's no car behind us, so let's take our time", "nPx-hUAv_Gy-00075-00037220-00037608": "-This is Japan's cherry blossoms. -Wow!!", "nPx-hUAv_Gy-00076-00037850-00038000": "(synchronize a microphone)", "nPx-hUAv_Gy-00077-00038000-00038434": "-The cherry blossoms are in full bloom today.  This is Cherry Blossom Festival of Izumi Kagoshima's", "nPx-hUAv_Gy-00078-00038434-00038838": "-There are a lot of cherry blossoms in the back, too. There's street food here, too", "nPx-hUAv_Gy-00079-00038838-00039543": "-It's closed to traffic, so only people can walk around", "nPx-hUAv_Gy-00080-00039577-00039931": "(The cherry blossoms are in full bloom like our upcoming meeting)", "nPx-hUAv_Gy-00081-00039931-00040215": "-Why is everyone lining up?", "nPx-hUAv_Gy-00082-00040215-00040732": "-Wow! What's this? Oh, there's a small menu", "nPx-hUAv_Gy-00083-00040732-00041045": "-They sell Youlinji and potatoes here.", "nPx-hUAv_Gy-00084-00041132-00041825": "-The cherry blossoms are really pretty from the bottom. HI~", "nPx-hUAv_Gy-00085-00041900-00042258": "-They sell sea cucumbers here.", "nPx-hUAv_Gy-00086-00042258-00042713": "-They also sell jirasisushi and pig’s foot.", "nPx-hUAv_Gy-00087-00042713-00042951": "-Huh? My mom disappeared", "nPx-hUAv_Gy-00088-00042951-00043843": "-The rest are all the same stalls. There is coffee or watermelon juice. I want to drink watermelon juice.", "nPx-hUAv_Gy-00089-00043843-00044327": "(Kuriko's favorite mask rider)", "nPx-hUAv_Gy-00090-00044386-00044957": "-They sell shaved ice here. It's a lot more fun than I thought", "nPx-hUAv_Gy-00091-00045036-00045916": "-There are not many restaurants because of Corona. Until last year, the festival was not held because of Corona, but it seems to be gradually taking place.", "nPx-hUAv_Gy-00092-00046425-00047176": "-I got my driver's license at this academy. I miss it", "nPx-hUAv_Gy-00093-00047276-00047418": "(synchronize a microphone)", "nPx-hUAv_Gy-00094-00047418-00047868": "-Look! There's a goat at the festival", "nPx-hUAv_Gy-00095-00047868-00048277": "(I met a goat in a dress)", "nPx-hUAv_Gy-00096-00048277-00048644": "-Hey, what's that pose? LOL", "nPx-hUAv_Gy-00097-00048644-00049074": "-You're wearing clothes, but you're itchy", "nPx-hUAv_Gy-00098-00049074-00049582": "-I saw a sheep like you in Korea", "nPx-hUAv_Gy-00099-00049582-00049891": "-Hello, goat", "nPx-hUAv_Gy-00100-00050041-00050542": "-Oh, it's coming. Hi. How are you?", "nPx-hUAv_Gy-00101-00050542-00050888": "-You're too close!", "nPx-hUAv_Gy-00102-00050888-00051180": "-Look at me -No~", "nPx-hUAv_Gy-00103-00051180-00051417": "-Look at this -Kiss me", "nPx-hUAv_Gy-00104-00051417-00051893": "-Look at this! Hi!"}}, {"audio_id": "nPJl1iVSLA0", "text": {"nPJl1iVSLA0-00000-00000375-00000760": "I'm John Ciorciari.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00001-00000760-00000894": "I'm the director of the Weiser", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00002-00000894-00001078": "Diplomacy Center here at the", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00003-00001078-00001209": "Ford School.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00004-00001209-00001428": "I'm happy to welcome you to", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00005-00001428-00001703": "this Harry A. and Margaret D.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00006-00001703-00001885": "Towsley Foundation lecture.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00007-00001885-00002096": "We want to thank the Towsley", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00008-00002096-00002253": "Foundation which was established", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00009-00002253-00002641": "In 2002 with a policy maker in", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00010-00002641-00002789": "Residence program that allows", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00011-00002789-00002989": "The Ford School to bring", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00012-00002989-00003171": "Individuals who have a wealth of", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00013-00003171-00003315": "Policy making experience to", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00014-00003315-00003461": "Campus including our own", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00015-00003461-00003639": "Professor Sandy Levin.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00016-00003639-00003885": "And so please join me first in", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00017-00003885-00004085": "Thanking the towsley foundation", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00018-00004085-00004468": "For this wonderful program.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00019-00004468-00004761": "[applause]", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00020-00004761-00004923": "Today we're going to be speaking", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00021-00004923-00005083": "With the nexus between labor", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00022-00005083-00005232": "Rights and trade which, of", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00023-00005232-00005380": "Course, is a crucial topic as", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00024-00005380-00005480": "U.S.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00025-00005480-00005714": "And global trade agreements", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00026-00005714-00005814": "Are being renegotiated.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00027-00005814-00006055": "And it is a conversation between", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00028-00006055-00006194": "Two experts who have worked for", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00029-00006194-00006385": "Long periods of time to advance", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00030-00006385-00006555": "Workers' rights in the context", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00031-00006555-00006672": "Of global trade.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00032-00006672-00007006": "Dr. Bama Athreya is a visiting", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00033-00007006-00007147": "Policy expert here at the weiser", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00034-00007147-00007304": "Diplomacy center who arrived", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00035-00007304-00007459": "Today and who is going to", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00036-00007459-00007579": "Leading a number of sessions", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00037-00007579-00007714": "During the course of the week", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00038-00007714-00008048": "Including a three-part course", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00039-00008048-00008288": "For students on related to the", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00040-00008288-00008818": "Future of work and also a", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00041-00008818-00008925": "Session of in my class next week", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00042-00008925-00009045": "Of values and ethics.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00043-00009045-00009425": "Dr. Athreya has worked more than", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00044-00009425-00009534": "Trade and labor rights.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00045-00009534-00009721": "Her former organization, the", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00046-00009721-00009821": "International labor rights", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00047-00009821-00009999": "Forum, pioneered the inclusion", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00048-00009999-00010314": "Of a labor clause in trade", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00049-00010314-00010414": "Programs as an material active", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00050-00010414-00010553": "To protectionism with the goal", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00051-00010553-00010824": "Of using it as a race to the top", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00052-00010824-00011137": "Instead of the bottom.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00053-00011137-00011363": "She is an economic and quality", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00054-00011363-00011493": "Fellow at the open society", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00055-00011493-00011650": "Foundations where she is doing", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00056-00011650-00011811": "Research on worker conditions in", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00057-00011811-00011911": "The digital economy.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00058-00011911-00012079": "She is also an advisor to the", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00059-00012079-00012340": "Laudes foundation and most", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00060-00012340-00012464": "Importantly got her phd in", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00061-00012464-00012704": "Anthropology from um.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00062-00012704-00012863": "Welcome back to dr.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00063-00012863-00012997": "Athreya who", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00064-00012997-00013281": "Is also on the external advisory", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00065-00013281-00013469": "Board.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00066-00013469-00013637": "Of course, most of you already", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00067-00013637-00013751": "Have the pleasure and privilege", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00068-00013751-00013897": "Of knowing professor levin.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00069-00013897-00014075": "Professor of practice here at", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00070-00014075-00014193": "The Ford school with support", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00071-00014193-00014379": "From the towsley foundation for", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00072-00014379-00014544": "Over 35 years.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00073-00014544-00014644": "Professor levin represented", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00074-00014644-00014790": "Residents of southeast michigan", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00075-00014790-00014909": "In congress.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00076-00014909-00015087": "He's been actively involved in", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00077-00015087-00015250": "Essentially any major debate you", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00078-00015250-00015372": "Can think of confronting our", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00079-00015372-00015576": "Nation over the recent past", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00080-00015576-00015772": "Including welfare reform, the", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00081-00015772-00015968": "Auto industry rescue, china's", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00082-00015968-00016159": "Entry into the world trade o,", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00083-00016159-00016376": "The iran nuclear deal and a host", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00084-00016376-00016576": "Of key economic policy issues.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00085-00016576-00016719": "He was chair of the house ways", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00086-00016719-00016844": "And means committee during the", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00087-00016844-00017012": "Passage of the afFordable care", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00088-00017012-00017112": "Act.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00089-00017112-00017311": "He successfully fought against", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00090-00017311-00017461": "The privatization of social", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00091-00017461-00017561": "Security.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00092-00017561-00017689": "And very relevant to today's", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00093-00017689-00017890": "Topic, he pioneered language to", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00094-00017890-00018051": "Add enforceable labor and", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00095-00018051-00018204": "Environmental standards in trade", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00096-00018204-00018304": "Agreements for the first time.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00097-00018304-00018548": "We'll talk more about that in", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00098-00018548-00018668": "Our conversation.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00099-00018668-00018923": "Born in detroit he earned a ba", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00100-00018923-00019075": "From the university of chicago,", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00101-00019075-00019249": "Ma in international relations", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00102-00019249-00019394": "From columbia and a jd from", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00103-00019394-00019655": "Harvard.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00104-00019655-00019755": "Between the two of them they", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00105-00019755-00020022": "Have decades of expertise in the", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00106-00020022-00020192": "Area we'll talk about today.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00107-00020192-00020304": "They'll begin by discussing", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00108-00020304-00020448": "Historical challenges to", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00109-00020448-00020720": "Including labor clauses in trade", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00110-00020720-00020847": "Agreements and to enforcing", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00111-00020847-00020947": "Them.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00112-00020947-00021047": "And they'll also review some of", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00113-00021047-00021220": "The current dynamics.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00114-00021220-00021348": "Labor clauses in recent trade", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00115-00021348-00021462": "Deals and how they've been", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00116-00021462-00021562": "Tormented and forced --", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00117-00021562-00021712": "Interpreted and forced and", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00118-00021712-00021822": "Thinking about some of the keys", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00119-00021822-00021997": "To effective enforcement of", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00120-00021997-00022208": "These provisions going forward.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00121-00022208-00022415": "One last note on format.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00122-00022415-00022783": "We'll have a few of our students", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00123-00022783-00022947": "Who are going to be walking", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00124-00022947-00023083": "Around the room later with cue", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00125-00023083-00023209": "Cards if you want to write down", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00126-00023209-00023486": "Questions.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00127-00023486-00023668": "And then we will also have a few", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00128-00023668-00023819": "Designated questioners who will", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00129-00023819-00023976": "Introduce themselves and then", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00130-00023976-00024295": "Ask us selected questions in our", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00131-00024295-00024458": "Q&a session.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00132-00024458-00024681": "With that, I'd like get started.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00133-00024681-00024829": "The first thing that perhaps I", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00134-00024829-00024964": "Could start with you,", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00135-00024964-00025237": "Dr. Athreya, is to set the scene", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00136-00025237-00025392": "By sharing with us how you got", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00137-00025392-00025601": "Involved and importantly how you", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00138-00025601-00025764": "First began to intersect with", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00139-00025764-00025883": "Professor 11 rn as you were", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00140-00025883-00026019": "Working in the civil society", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00141-00026019-00026154": "Space and he was working in", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00142-00026154-00026283": "Official channels on a similar", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00143-00026283-00026385": "Range of issues.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00144-00026385-00026519": "bama Athreya: thank you so", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00145-00026519-00026619": "Much.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00146-00026619-00026719": "It is a pleasure to be here.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00147-00026719-00026819": "Thanks for the invitation to", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00148-00026819-00027030": "Participate in this event today.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00149-00027030-00027259": "I will say that professor levin", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00150-00027259-00027412": "And I are a little bit of an odd", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00151-00027412-00027570": "Couple up here in front of you", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00152-00027570-00027702": "And maybe it would help to", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00153-00027702-00027897": "Explain that.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00154-00027897-00028252": "I really started out working on", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00155-00028252-00028420": "These issues of trade justice in", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00156-00028420-00028666": "The streets and was in the", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00157-00028666-00028937": "Streets of seattle in 1999 and", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00158-00028937-00029205": "That was in november of 1999", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00159-00029205-00029352": "When tens of thousands of", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00160-00029352-00029508": "Activists converged on the city", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00161-00029508-00029791": "From around the world to protest", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00162-00029791-00029980": "The world trade organization", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00163-00029980-00030113": "Negotiations.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00164-00030113-00030388": "And, you know, I start with that", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00165-00030388-00030544": "History because, of course, you", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00166-00030544-00030719": "Know, professor levin was the", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00167-00030719-00030875": "Insider really trying to see", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00168-00030875-00030975": "What could be done with the", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00169-00030975-00031075": "Rules.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00170-00031075-00031175": "We were on the outside", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00171-00031175-00031352": "Pointing out all of the flaws", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00172-00031352-00031555": "With the rules as constructed.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00173-00031555-00031704": "You know, this brings me to just", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00174-00031704-00031893": "A few big picture points I want", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00175-00031893-00032139": "To kind of put out there and", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00176-00032139-00032308": "Will probably keep coming back", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00177-00032308-00032630": "To over and over again just to", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00178-00032630-00032842": "Remind us of why we're even in", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00179-00032842-00033016": "This discussion.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00180-00033016-00033355": "And the one is, you know, there", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00181-00033355-00033461": "Are days when it feels like", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00182-00033461-00033672": "We're in a very sort of", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00183-00033672-00033906": "Depressing and hopeless time.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00184-00033906-00034058": "And we look around the world and", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00185-00034058-00034158": "We see what looks like", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00186-00034158-00034465": "Incredible concentration of", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00187-00034465-00034565": "Power.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00188-00034565-00034777": "Particularly corporate capture", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00189-00034777-00034938": "Of governments.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00190-00034938-00035109": "And so one of the things that I", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00191-00035109-00035255": "Would say I reflect on as I", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00192-00035255-00035377": "Think back about, you know, sort", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00193-00035377-00035700": "Of where I and my trade justice", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00194-00035700-00035819": "Colleagues and friends were 20", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00195-00035819-00036016": "Years ago and where we are today", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00196-00036016-00036168": "Is that what was clear to us", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00197-00036168-00036466": "Then and, you know, was one of", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00198-00036466-00036624": "The reasons why we pushed for", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00199-00036624-00036847": "These changes to the trade rules", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00200-00036847-00037173": "Is still clear to me today.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00201-00037173-00037353": "And that is this concentrated", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00202-00037353-00037630": "Power that corporations have", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00203-00037630-00037818": "With respect to governments and", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00204-00037818-00038284": "Rules really cannot be broken", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00205-00038284-00038515": "Without the counter weight of", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00206-00038515-00038809": "Organized labor movements.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00207-00038809-00039037": "And so we have as much need", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00208-00039037-00039306": "Today as we did then for that", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00209-00039306-00039473": "Space for labor movements to", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00210-00039473-00039647": "Organize and be that voice and", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00211-00039647-00039928": "That weight to really, you know,", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00212-00039928-00040058": "Sort of think differently about", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00213-00040058-00040158": "The roles.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00214-00040158-00040303": "The second big point I want to", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00215-00040303-00040416": "Make and I'll keep returning to", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00216-00040416-00040697": "Is that trade rules are not", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00217-00040697-00040802": "Free.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00218-00040802-00040902": "There's no free trade.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00219-00040902-00041023": "There never was free trade.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00220-00041023-00041150": "I'm sure professor levin will", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00221-00041150-00041358": "Have his own comments on this", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00222-00041358-00041458": "Subject.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00223-00041458-00041563": "What there is is heavily", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00224-00041563-00041790": "Negotiated trade with hundreds", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00225-00041790-00042022": "Of thousands of pages of rules.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00226-00042022-00042194": "So what is important to keep in", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00227-00042194-00042441": "Mind -- you know I think -- I've", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00228-00042441-00042575": "Always been allergic to sort of", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00229-00042575-00042891": "This framing of free trade", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00230-00042891-00043196": "Versus, you know, some people", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00231-00043196-00043296": "Wanted to label us", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00232-00043296-00043511": "Anti-globalization and that was", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00233-00043511-00043661": "Never what it was.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00234-00043661-00043941": "It was about fair rules.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00235-00043941-00044052": "Rules that actually protected", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00236-00044052-00044383": "People and not just profit.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00237-00044383-00044561": "So I want to disafuse this", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00238-00044561-00044781": "Entire conversation of the", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00239-00044781-00044963": "Notion there is free trade.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00240-00044963-00045063": "What we are talking about is", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00241-00045063-00045297": "Whether we like the rules as", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00242-00045297-00045511": "They are constructed or whether", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00243-00045511-00045638": "We think a different set of", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00244-00045638-00045784": "Rules might give us better", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00245-00045784-00046027": "Balance in terms of the overall", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00246-00046027-00046236": "Benefits they convey.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00247-00046236-00046483": "So, you asked me to talk a bit", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00248-00046483-00046686": "About sort of my own trajectory", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00249-00046686-00046884": "In this world and so I'll now", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00250-00046884-00047056": "Pivot to that from those major", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00251-00047056-00047183": "Points.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00252-00047183-00047392": "When we were advocating around", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00253-00047392-00047627": "These issues, again beginning", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00254-00047627-00048275": "For my organization back in the", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00255-00048275-00048802": "End or curtail trade between", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00256-00048802-00048913": "Nations.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00257-00048913-00049269": "We were seeking to say, if trade", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00258-00049269-00049491": "Is being used, and particularly", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00259-00049491-00049662": "With respect to developing", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00260-00049662-00049772": "Countries, if it's being used as", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00261-00049772-00049925": "A development tool it's being", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00262-00049925-00050025": "Used as a tool to rift up", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00263-00050025-00050178": "Economies -- lift up economies,", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00264-00050178-00050363": "There is no need to make a", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00265-00050363-00050716": "Virtue of cheap labor.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00266-00050716-00050965": "So, back to my first point which", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00267-00050965-00051136": "Was about creating that space", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00268-00051136-00051338": "For workers to have some agency", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00269-00051338-00051532": "To negotiate for fair terms and", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00270-00051532-00051689": "Conditions of work.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00271-00051689-00051845": "We said can these rules be", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00272-00051845-00052075": "Written in such a way as to", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00273-00052075-00052541": "Provide that, you know, not to", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00274-00052541-00052669": "Do it for them.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00275-00052669-00052817": "And this is a third point that I", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00276-00052817-00052949": "Think I'll probably end up, you", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00277-00052949-00053073": "Know, coming back to over and", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00278-00053073-00053173": "Over.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00279-00053173-00053273": "Not as a magic bullet, not as a", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00280-00053273-00053373": "Solution.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00281-00053373-00053508": "The rules are not the end.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00282-00053508-00053654": "The rules are the means.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00283-00053654-00053836": "Can we use the rules so that", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00284-00053836-00053966": "Workers as they begin to", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00285-00053966-00054369": "Organize have something to use", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00286-00054369-00054798": "As leverage to support their", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00287-00054798-00055004": "Efforts to make those demands.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00288-00055004-00055195": "So that was the nature of what", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00289-00055195-00055450": "We were looking for in terms of", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00290-00055450-00055570": "The conditionality.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00291-00055570-00055792": "What we did over the years is we", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00292-00055792-00056148": "Were really very practical about", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00293-00056148-00056273": "Looking at what we were able to", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00294-00056273-00056373": "Gain.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00295-00056373-00056525": "And, if we look at -- you know", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00296-00056525-00056758": "I'm sure, again, I'll sort of", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00297-00056758-00056913": "Wait for professor levin to do", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00298-00056913-00057073": "Some explanation of some of the", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00299-00057073-00057195": "Instruments that we're talking", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00300-00057195-00057513": "About, but whether it was trade", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00301-00057513-00057695": "Preference programs,", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00302-00057695-00057808": "Multi-lateral agreements,", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00303-00057808-00057977": "Bilateral agreements, we always", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00304-00057977-00058145": "Got what I would consider half a", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00305-00058145-00058273": "Loaf.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00306-00058273-00058516": "But I am going to be the person", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00307-00058516-00058683": "Who is here to tell you that", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00308-00058683-00058920": "That is still better than not", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00309-00058920-00059100": "Having gotten anything at all,", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00310-00059100-00059200": "Right.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00311-00059200-00059414": "And so it was incumbent upon us,", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00312-00059414-00059564": "And my organization, you know,", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00313-00059564-00059825": "Really took this as one of its", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00314-00059825-00060074": "Principal roles and reasons, you", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00315-00060074-00060351": "Know, for part of our mission", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00316-00060351-00060629": "Was whatever rules there were,", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00317-00060629-00060885": "To use them to bring cases on", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00318-00060885-00061224": "Behalf of worker organizations", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00319-00061224-00061336": "Around the world.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00320-00061336-00061621": "Because we couldn't even, you", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00321-00061621-00061901": "Know, really benefit from the", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00322-00061901-00062094": "Incremental gains in language in", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00323-00062094-00062246": "These agreements without the", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00324-00062246-00062460": "Case work behind it bringing up", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00325-00062460-00062580": "The cases year after year after", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00326-00062580-00062680": "Year.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00327-00062680-00062780": "I think later in the talk we'll", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00328-00062780-00062880": "Talk about some of the specific", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00329-00062880-00063055": "Cases add what we were able to", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00330-00063055-00063155": "Gain.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00331-00063155-00063266": "But I am the half a loaf.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00332-00063266-00063499": "And I think one of the things", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00333-00063499-00063645": "Just kind of quickly pivoting to", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00334-00063645-00063889": "The current moment that dismays", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00335-00063889-00064074": "Me is I think a lot of that work", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00336-00064074-00064338": "That was done in the 1980s and", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00337-00064338-00064672": "The 1990s and into the 2000s is", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00338-00064672-00064772": "Still there.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00339-00064772-00064872": "There's actually a body of work", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00340-00064872-00064972": "That took us three decades to", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00341-00064972-00065083": "Build up.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00342-00065083-00065452": "But I think current-day human", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00343-00065452-00065661": "Rights and labor advocates have", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00344-00065661-00065871": "Forgotten those instruments are", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00345-00065871-00065991": "There.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00346-00065991-00066125": "And at a time when we could be", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00347-00066125-00066357": "Doing more case work than ever", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00348-00066357-00066505": "I'm seeing less of it and I'm", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00349-00066505-00066625": "Seeing advocates really not", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00350-00066625-00066969": "Understand how to use the", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00351-00066969-00067123": "Important leverage we have built", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00352-00067123-00067368": "Up to work in solidarity with", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00353-00067368-00067495": "Those workers organizations", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00354-00067495-00067597": "Around the world.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00355-00067597-00067913": "So I think I'll stop on that for", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00356-00067913-00068013": "Now.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00357-00068013-00068151": "that's great thank you.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00358-00068151-00068271": "I want to turn to professor", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00359-00068271-00068371": "Levin.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00360-00068371-00068549": "A very big and important slice", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00361-00068549-00068699": "In that half of a loaf that we", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00362-00068699-00068851": "Do have is the language that you", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00363-00068851-00069293": "Introduced with colleagues in", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00364-00069293-00069393": "Environmental provisions in", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00365-00069393-00069493": "Trade agreements.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00366-00069493-00069593": "I wonder if you could take us", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00367-00069593-00069804": "Back to 1999 when you were a few", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00368-00069804-00069987": "Blocks away from her in the", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00369-00069987-00070172": "Battle of seattle and talk about", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00370-00070172-00070287": "The progress over those eight", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00371-00070287-00070387": "Years.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00372-00070387-00070582": "How did we get from seattle 1999", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00373-00070582-00070752": "And the conversations around", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00374-00070752-00071188": "Nafta to lodging labor and", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00375-00071188-00071302": "Environmental provisions in", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00376-00071302-00071506": "Trade agreements as a normal", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00377-00071506-00071620": "Matter of practice?", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00378-00071620-00071772": "sander levin: okay, I wasn't", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00379-00071772-00071961": "Sure how to proceed but maybe", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00380-00071961-00072362": "Seattle is a useful turning", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00381-00072362-00072645": "Point.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00382-00072645-00072837": "We may end up talking about more", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00383-00072837-00073010": "Recent events.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00384-00073010-00073489": "And the dean is here and we're", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00385-00073489-00073647": "Honored you are here.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00386-00073647-00073862": "I am honored to be here.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00387-00073862-00073993": "sander levin: and I think it", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00388-00073993-00074335": "Is a secret because I have a", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00389-00074335-00074713": "Copy of what the dean wrote --", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00390-00074713-00074914": "I'm dating you a bit -- almost", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00391-00074914-00075487": "Nafta.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00392-00075487-00075629": "And I think everybody should", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00393-00075629-00076039": "Read it, including those who put", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00394-00076039-00076195": "Together a successor.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00395-00076195-00076537": "Maybe we'll come back to that.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00396-00076537-00076675": "Let me just talk briefly about", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00397-00076675-00076941": "Seattle and try to frame it in", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00398-00076941-00077323": "Terms of how trade policy has", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00399-00077323-00077423": "Evolved.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00400-00077423-00077601": "I'm going to try to be brief.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00401-00077601-00077788": "It's very difficult for me to be", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00402-00077788-00078070": "Brief about trade issues.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00403-00078070-00078366": "And I'm always -- I was always", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00404-00078366-00078573": "Teased by staff because it's", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00405-00078573-00078749": "Such an invigorating and", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00406-00078749-00079017": "Important subject.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00407-00079017-00079563": "Before seattle labor in", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00408-00079563-00079830": "Environmental rights really had", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00409-00079830-00080108": "A second place.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00410-00080108-00080298": "And the reason for that was", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00411-00080298-00080716": "Basic trade ideology.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00412-00080716-00081048": "The ideology goes back to", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00413-00081048-00081451": "Recardo, even to adam smith.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00414-00081451-00081638": "The notion was more trade is", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00415-00081638-00081964": "Better.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00416-00081964-00082249": "And that worked more or less", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00417-00082249-00082588": "When trade was between like", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00418-00082588-00082795": "Econ", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00419-00082795-00083002": "Economies.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00420-00083002-00083523": "It was challenged 100 years ago", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00421-00083523-00083752": "When there was an effort in the", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00422-00083752-00084104": "'20s, the 1920s to essentially", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00423-00084104-00084345": "Involve labor issues not so much", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00424-00084345-00084624": "Environment into the trade", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00425-00084624-00084851": "Dialogue.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00426-00084851-00085085": "But that was washed away partly", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00427-00085085-00085401": "By smoot holly which washed away", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00428-00085401-00085645": "All discussion of trade because", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00429-00085645-00085938": "It was so incorrect in", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00430-00085938-00086117": "Temperate.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00431-00086117-00086441": "And tariffs became a", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00432-00086441-00086858": "Historically, not anomaly, but", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00433-00086858-00086963": "Monster.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00434-00086963-00087325": "So, there was a notion going", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00435-00087325-00087737": "Back to the 19th century, more", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00436-00087737-00088089": "Trade is basically better.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00437-00088089-00088539": "And it bumped into japan.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00438-00088539-00088986": "But there it was between two", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00439-00088986-00089189": "Economies basically that were", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00440-00089189-00089407": "Very much alike, right.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00441-00089407-00089608": "There were labor rights in", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00442-00089608-00089792": "Japan.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00443-00089792-00090063": "There was a market economy.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00444-00090063-00090395": "Though it was a rigged one.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00445-00090395-00090808": "And what happened was that japan", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00446-00090808-00090994": "Took advantage of our open", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00447-00090994-00091173": "Markets while they had a very", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00448-00091173-00091290": "Closed market.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00449-00091290-00091441": "I was going to bring with me", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00450-00091441-00091642": "What I have in the office, a", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00451-00091642-00091866": "Universal joint that I bought", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00452-00091866-00092522": "For $11.40 in detroit in royal", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00453-00092522-00092723": "Oak, joe's auto park main", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00454-00092723-00092944": "Street, of all places, and it", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00455-00092944-00093426": "Cost $105 in japan.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00456-00093426-00093562": "The very -- and we could not", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00457-00093562-00094079": "Export to japan our products.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00458-00094079-00094288": "So that's when it began to break", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00459-00094288-00094575": "Down the kind of monolithic", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00460-00094575-00095161": "Notion more trade is better.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00461-00095161-00095706": "But there was a dialogue here to", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00462-00095706-00095933": "Attribute to this university.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00463-00095933-00096144": "And I just want to quote.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00464-00096144-00096442": "It was in 1987.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00465-00096442-00096945": "And this is what clayton yoyter", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00466-00096945-00097288": "Who was then the ustr said.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00467-00097288-00097518": "Over the past 40 years all", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00468-00097518-00097750": "Administrations and leaders of", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00469-00097750-00098017": "Both parties in congress have", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00470-00098017-00098197": "Shared the conviction that", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00471-00098197-00098425": "Expanding trade opportunities", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00472-00098425-00098557": "Will bring higher living", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00473-00098557-00098923": "Standards for all.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00474-00098923-00099322": "The key two words I think are", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00475-00099322-00099452": "\"For all.\"", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00476-00099452-00099742": "It wasn't much longer when --", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00477-00099742-00099920": "And this is forgotten -- pat", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00478-00099920-00100188": "Buchanan challenged president", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00479-00100188-00100701": "Bush in the primary in 1992 over", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00480-00100701-00100898": "Trade.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00481-00100898-00101179": "But that also was kind of washed", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00482-00101179-00101557": "Out and bush survived it.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00483-00101557-00101763": "And then, of course, next came", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00484-00101763-00102099": "Nafta.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00485-00102099-00102225": "So I want to say just a word", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00486-00102225-00102436": "About seattle and then go on.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00487-00102436-00102666": "It's an interesting history", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00488-00102666-00102970": "Because we began in the late 80s", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00489-00102970-00103353": "As a result of japan to really", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00490-00103353-00103617": "Say to president clinton, you", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00491-00103617-00104106": "Need to look at the conditions", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00492-00104106-00104548": "Of trade and its impact.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00493-00104548-00104789": "And so after nafta he began to", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00494-00104789-00104939": "Shift gears.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00495-00104939-00105141": "And he began to talk about the", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00496-00105141-00105758": "Need to level up not level down.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00497-00105758-00105908": "Bill clinton had a way with", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00498-00105908-00106163": "Words.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00499-00106163-00106441": "Level up not level down.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00500-00106441-00106553": "Right.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00501-00106553-00106884": "So we pressured the clinton", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00502-00106884-00107253": "Administration to go to seattle", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00503-00107253-00107472": "And set up a working group on", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00504-00107472-00107934": "Labor in the wto.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00505-00107934-00108152": "Revolutionary.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00506-00108152-00108553": "He got carried away.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00507-00108553-00108803": "And while there was all this", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00508-00108803-00109100": "Disturbance outside of the", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00509-00109100-00109446": "Halls, he proposed not a working", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00510-00109446-00109611": "Group but enforceable labor", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00511-00109611-00110071": "Provisions in the wto.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00512-00110071-00110377": "And we said to him, that isn't", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00513-00110377-00110755": "What we were proposing.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00514-00110755-00110940": "It was steps too far.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00515-00110940-00111133": "And while there was all of the", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00516-00111133-00111425": "Turbulence outside the hall,", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00517-00111425-00111597": "Inside the hall there was", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00518-00111597-00111874": "Immense turbulence reacting to", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00519-00111874-00112054": "What the president said.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00520-00112054-00112505": "Well seattle blew up.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00521-00112505-00112605": "And we haven't had", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00522-00112605-00112777": "Demonstrations about trade since", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00523-00112777-00112985": "Then like that.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00524-00112985-00113171": "So, just a few words what", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00525-00113171-00113434": "Happened after that.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00526-00113434-00113746": "Cafta happened afterwards.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00527-00113746-00113947": "Enforce your own laws was the", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00528-00113947-00114047": "Standard.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00529-00114047-00114153": "We came within two votes of", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00530-00114153-00114391": "Defeating cafta.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00531-00114391-00114764": "Then, of course, what came", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00532-00114764-00115058": "Afterwards you refer to as may", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00533-00115058-00115589": "And for the first time there was", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00534-00115589-00115890": "Placed in trade agreements", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00535-00115890-00116067": "Enforceable labor and", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00536-00116067-00116217": "Environmental standards.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00537-00116217-00116421": "And to show how bifurcated it", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00538-00116421-00116687": "Was, the bush administration,", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00539-00116687-00117011": "Which was still in place, we", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00540-00117011-00117191": "Were in the majority for the", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00541-00117191-00117433": "First time in seven and eight,", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00542-00117433-00117822": "They reduced to negotiate an", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00543-00117822-00117981": "Agreement with may 10th in it.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00544-00117981-00118450": "So, essentially, two of us in", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00545-00118450-00118677": "The congress negotiated a free", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00546-00118677-00118786": "Trade agreement.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00547-00118786-00119036": "It's not a good idea.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00548-00119036-00119336": "It's not supposed to be our", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00549-00119336-00119436": "Function.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00550-00119436-00119785": "And we did so with peru.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00551-00119785-00120108": "And I will just say a word about", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00552-00120108-00120236": "That.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00553-00120236-00120349": "Because in addition to labor", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00554-00120349-00120563": "Standards we included", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00555-00120563-00120817": "Enforceable environmental", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00556-00120817-00121010": "Standards.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00557-00121010-00121223": "And we laid out requirements of", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00558-00121223-00121783": "Peru as to the amazon.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00559-00121783-00121963": "And what happened in later", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00560-00121963-00122205": "Administrations including the", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00561-00122205-00122370": "Obama administration, they", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00562-00122370-00122547": "Failed to enforce it.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00563-00122547-00122952": "They failed to enforce it.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00564-00122952-00123263": "So the most recent battle has", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00565-00123263-00123424": "Been over u.S.-mca.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00566-00123424-00123725": "I think that's where I'll stop", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00567-00123725-00123854": "So that we can have some", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00568-00123854-00124157": "Discussion about it.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00569-00124157-00124390": "In the course that I co-taught,", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00570-00124390-00124652": "We didn't talk about usmca.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00571-00124652-00124917": "I have some deep feelings about", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00572-00124917-00125198": "What happened in a way to pick", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00573-00125198-00125683": "Up the threads of that forgotten", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00574-00125683-00126130": "Dean's article in the law review", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00575-00126130-00126342": "Which I still have, dean.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00576-00126342-00126579": "So, is that enough to start", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00577-00126579-00126679": "With?", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00578-00126679-00126901": "And let's have a lot of vigorous", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00579-00126901-00127001": "Discussion.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00580-00127001-00127224": "Because my own judgment is, is", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00581-00127224-00127546": "To usmca, that it is just the", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00582-00127546-00128001": "Opening, the opening kind of", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00583-00128001-00128273": "Argument about what happens when", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00584-00128273-00128549": "You put together a developed", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00585-00128549-00128830": "Country with a developing nation", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00586-00128830-00128992": "On its borders.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00587-00128992-00129282": "On its borders.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00588-00129282-00129408": "There are more automotive", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00589-00129408-00129710": "Workers today in mexico than in", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00590-00129710-00130245": "The united states.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00591-00130245-00130561": "A foreign auto company, bmw,", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00592-00130561-00130820": "Opened up a plant not so long", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00593-00130820-00131097": "Ago, signed a phony agreement,", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00594-00131097-00131309": "And the pay there is a", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00595-00131309-00131551": "Dollar-and-a-half an hour.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00596-00131551-00131733": "Okay.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00597-00131733-00132125": "moderator: thank you for", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00598-00132125-00132225": "That.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00599-00132225-00132367": "And I wanted to come back to", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00600-00132367-00132514": "This issue of the enforceable", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00601-00132514-00132614": "Language.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00602-00132614-00132792": "Dr. Athreya, as you mentioned", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00603-00132792-00132971": "These are tools for people to be", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00604-00132971-00133136": "Able to implement in the defense", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00605-00133136-00133430": "Of labor rights and don't", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00606-00133430-00133621": "Necessarily ensure labor rights", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00607-00133621-00133728": "Unless they are in fact", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00608-00133728-00133854": "Enforced.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00609-00133854-00133982": "And I'd be grateful for your", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00610-00133982-00134329": "Comments on how in fact some of", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00611-00134329-00134514": "The provisions that", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00612-00134514-00134645": "Representative levin was so", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00613-00134645-00134954": "Influential in lodging in trade", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00614-00134954-00135097": "Agreements, how have those been", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00615-00135097-00135197": "Enforced?", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00616-00135197-00135297": "What are your comments on recent", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00617-00135297-00135461": "Developments and, in particular,", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00618-00135461-00135611": "With the trump administration", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00619-00135611-00135791": "But even in the lateral obama", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00620-00135791-00135925": "Years in enforcing them in key", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00621-00135925-00136211": "Cases like bangladesh or africa.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00622-00136211-00136488": "bama Athreya: I think this is", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00623-00136488-00136715": "A great kvgs because", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00624-00136715-00136815": "Enforceability, what is", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00625-00136815-00136970": "Enforceability I think is really", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00626-00136970-00137091": "Sort of a critical question.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00627-00137091-00137282": "I know one that you grappled", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00628-00137282-00137428": "With as a congressman for many", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00629-00137428-00137548": "Years.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00630-00137548-00137732": "And we did as well again because", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00631-00137732-00137990": "We were were bringing cases.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00632-00137990-00138116": "And I don't think there's a", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00633-00138116-00138362": "Fixed answer to at what point,", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00634-00138362-00138554": "You know, you consider something", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00635-00138554-00138836": "Is fully enforceable.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00636-00138836-00138987": "We would have said that even the", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00637-00138987-00139300": "Earliest labor clauses, the ones", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00638-00139300-00139471": "That I mentioned in the 1980s,", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00639-00139471-00139633": "Which were in unilateral", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00640-00139633-00139754": "Programs, trade preference", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00641-00139754-00140043": "Programs, were enforceable but", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00642-00140043-00140240": "Were not enforced.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00643-00140240-00140462": "And so if we look at the", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00644-00140462-00140588": "Trajectory from those early --", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00645-00140588-00140855": "You know the first labor", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00646-00140855-00140991": "Condition at was in a program", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00647-00140991-00141127": "Called -- well it was in the", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00648-00141127-00141404": "Caribbean based initiative in", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00649-00141404-00141571": "That was a single phrase.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00650-00141571-00141760": "The first full clause was in the", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00651-00141760-00141865": "Generalized system of", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00652-00141865-00142101": "Preferences program which is a", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00653-00142101-00142287": "Unilateral trade preference", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00654-00142287-00142387": "Program.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00655-00142387-00142535": "It is a benefit we give by", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00656-00142535-00142707": "Reducing or eliminating tariffs", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00657-00142707-00142879": "On products in a unilateral", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00658-00142879-00143091": "Manner with developing countries", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00659-00143091-00143258": "And with least developed", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00660-00143258-00143358": "Countries.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00661-00143358-00143458": "The idea being this is to give", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00662-00143458-00143662": "Them a leg up and ability to", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00663-00143662-00143897": "Sort of enter our markets and", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00664-00143897-00144164": "Improve their economies.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00665-00144164-00144314": "And I think, you know, professor", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00666-00144314-00144428": "Levin raises an excellent point", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00667-00144428-00144650": "About what happens when you've", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00668-00144650-00144816": "Got that, you know, friction", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00669-00144816-00145005": "Between a highly developed", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00670-00145005-00145228": "Market and a really, you know,", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00671-00145228-00145370": "Sort of poor developing market", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00672-00145370-00145518": "Such as bangladesh or cambodia", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00673-00145518-00145717": "Countries that I worked in and", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00674-00145717-00145867": "Brought cases on.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00675-00145867-00146249": "So, there was that labor", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00676-00146249-00146349": "Conditionality that was", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00677-00146349-00146572": "Introduced in 1984.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00678-00146572-00146866": "And we tried throughout the", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00679-00146866-00147078": "Subsequent decade to bring", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00680-00147078-00147197": "Cases.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00681-00147197-00147365": "And there was total discretion", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00682-00147365-00147465": "Because there were no rules as", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00683-00147465-00147766": "To what ustr needed to do with", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00684-00147766-00147899": "Those cases.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00685-00147899-00148171": "So we saw really widely varying", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00686-00148171-00148541": "Responses to the cases depending", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00687-00148541-00148909": "On what our other equities were", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00688-00148909-00149080": "In the diplomatic relationship", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00689-00149080-00149304": "With the particular country.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00690-00149304-00149517": "And it came to a point by the", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00691-00149517-00149902": "Early 1990s where my", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00692-00149902-00150077": "Organization actually sued the", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00693-00150077-00150275": "Bush administration, the first", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00694-00150275-00150505": "Bush administration, under", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00695-00150505-00150605": "Something called the", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00696-00150605-00150705": "Administrative procedures act", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00697-00150705-00150811": "For complete failure to enforce", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00698-00150811-00150920": "The law.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00699-00150920-00151373": "So, fast forward then to the", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00700-00151373-00151522": "I think we can jump around a", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00701-00151522-00151622": "Bit.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00702-00151622-00151775": "I might even sort of -- I'll do", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00703-00151775-00151964": "A quick note on cambodia and", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00704-00151964-00152081": "Then go straight to one of the", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00705-00152081-00152290": "Free trade agreements, a", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00706-00152290-00152390": "Bilateral agreement with more", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00707-00152390-00152499": "Binding stand arts after the", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00708-00152499-00152695": "May 10th deal that professor", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00709-00152695-00152937": "Looked.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00710-00152937-00153424": "In the late 1990s, my", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00711-00153424-00153659": "Organization wrote a case on", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00712-00153659-00153786": "Cambodia.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00713-00153786-00153886": "Cambodia had just received", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00714-00153886-00154179": "Benefits in 1999 under the", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00715-00154179-00154279": "Generalized system of", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00716-00154279-00154424": "Preferences program.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00717-00154424-00154695": "Remember, they were coming out", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00718-00154695-00154808": "Of basically a long period of", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00719-00154808-00155186": "Conflict and had the first", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00720-00155186-00155286": "Democratically elected", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00721-00155286-00155389": "Government that had just been", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00722-00155389-00155542": "Stood up in that country and", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00723-00155542-00155642": "They really did not have a", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00724-00155642-00155876": "Functioning labor law.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00725-00155876-00156360": "We brought a case forward in", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00726-00156360-00156611": "Timing is everything.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00727-00156611-00156731": "The bilateral relationship with", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00728-00156731-00156926": "Cambodia was such that this rose", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00729-00156926-00157303": "To the top of the priority list", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00730-00157303-00157617": "In that diplomatic engagement.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00731-00157617-00157796": "There was robust engagement of", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00732-00157796-00157935": "The cambodian government around", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00733-00157935-00158137": "This case.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00734-00158137-00158307": "As a result of which the", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00735-00158307-00158669": "Cambodian government in 2001, I", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00736-00158669-00158889": "Believe -- okay so they passed a", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00737-00158889-00159026": "New labor code which was not", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00738-00159026-00159186": "Perfect but wait an improvement", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00739-00159186-00159567": "Over the old french law that was", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00740-00159567-00159701": "The only thing on the books.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00741-00159701-00160058": "They stood up and entity called", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00742-00160058-00160236": "The arbitration council which", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00743-00160236-00160652": "Could arbitrate labor disputes,", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00744-00160652-00161123": "And they put in place or allowed", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00745-00161123-00161364": "To be put in place a program", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00746-00161364-00161476": "Administered by the", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00747-00161476-00161587": "International labor", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00748-00161587-00161949": "Organization, the ilo, which", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00749-00161949-00162305": "Monitored the entire brand-new", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00750-00162305-00162427": "Apparel sector.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00751-00162427-00162554": "Which was the major export", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00752-00162554-00162724": "Sector in the country just", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00753-00162724-00163115": "Getting off the ground in", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00754-00163115-00163334": "The ilo program was able to", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00755-00163334-00163609": "Regularly monitor and audit", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00756-00163609-00163773": "Labor conditions in all of", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00757-00163773-00164000": "Cambodia's garment factories.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00758-00164000-00164182": "That was a long time ago and", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00759-00164182-00164287": "Time permitting we can come back", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00760-00164287-00164399": "To the what's going on lately", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00761-00164399-00164499": "Because there was a very", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00762-00164499-00164697": "Interesting -- as I am sure you", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00763-00164697-00164815": "Saw -- announcement last week", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00764-00164815-00165030": "That the eu is likely to suspend", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00765-00165030-00165177": "Its benefits to cambodia over", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00766-00165177-00165291": "Human rights abuses.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00767-00165291-00165733": "So, be interesting to reflect on", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00768-00165733-00165833": "Really gain.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00769-00165833-00166095": "But that was one example of very", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00770-00166095-00166229": "Effective use of a case to", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00771-00166229-00166440": "Stimulate very, very specific", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00772-00166440-00166540": "Things.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00773-00166540-00166705": "That didn't solve -- cambodia is", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00774-00166705-00166841": "Not a worker's paradise, very", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00775-00166841-00167046": "Poor country, but there was", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00776-00167046-00167217": "Specific outcomes from that", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00777-00167217-00167317": "Case.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00778-00167317-00167423": "The labor code, the arbitration", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00779-00167423-00167603": "Council and the introduction of", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00780-00167603-00167898": "A really quite innovative ilo", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00781-00167898-00167998": "Program.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00782-00167998-00168196": "I am going to just talk about", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00783-00168196-00168372": "One other case then we can do", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00784-00168372-00168482": "Work back and forth.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00785-00168482-00169013": "That is after the agreement that", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00786-00169013-00169183": "Professor levin has described in", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00787-00169183-00169440": "The mid-2000s, one of the", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00788-00169440-00169615": "Bilateral free trade agreements", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00789-00169615-00169769": "That was passed was with jordan.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00790-00169769-00169944": "The u.S.-jordan free trade", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00791-00169944-00170044": "Agreement.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00792-00170044-00170378": "Which had a labor chapter", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00793-00170378-00170671": "Commiserate with the may 10th", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00794-00170671-00170771": "Agreement.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00795-00170771-00171041": "And subsequent to the", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00796-00171041-00171305": "U.S.-jordan agreement being, you", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00797-00171305-00171550": "Know, sort of passed, adopted, a", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00798-00171550-00171687": "Number of u.S.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00799-00171687-00171787": "Apparel", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00800-00171787-00171887": "Companies, you know, went to", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00801-00171887-00172065": "Jordan and began sourcing", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00802-00172065-00172279": "Apparel from jordan.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00803-00172279-00172649": "And the selling point on this", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00804-00172649-00172752": "Agreement, one of the selling", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00805-00172752-00172858": "Points had been creating jobs", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00806-00172858-00173041": "For jordanian women.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00807-00173041-00173244": "In reality, virtually all the", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00808-00173244-00173408": "Women in those factories were", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00809-00173408-00173687": "Imported migrant workers from", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00810-00173687-00173992": "Bangladesh, sri lanka, india,", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00811-00173992-00174139": "Even burma.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00812-00174139-00174411": "So, here you had an industry", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00813-00174411-00174545": "That had been stood up, you", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00814-00174545-00174682": "Know, sort of in the shadow of", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00815-00174682-00174903": "This new shiny agreement that", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00816-00174903-00175055": "Had labor conditionality but all", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00817-00175055-00175233": "The workers wering my rabidity", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00818-00175233-00175333": "Workers.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00819-00175333-00175667": "And a labor rights organization", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00820-00175667-00175863": "Exposed just a few years after", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00821-00175863-00176210": "The agreement had been passed,", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00822-00176210-00176461": "Exposed that many of these women", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00823-00176461-00176566": "Had been trafficked.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00824-00176566-00176745": "So, they were victims of labor", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00825-00176745-00176865": "Trafficking.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00826-00176865-00177063": "And many had been victims of", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00827-00177063-00177395": "Gender-based violence as well.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00828-00177395-00177603": "What was interesting was that in", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00829-00177603-00178035": "The wake of the expose, again,", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00830-00178035-00178297": "Because of the existence of the", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00831-00178297-00178655": "Labor chapter and the agreement,", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00832-00178655-00179178": "There was rapid diplomatic", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00833-00179178-00179278": "Engagement channels of", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00834-00179278-00179448": "Communication between the u.S.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00835-00179448-00179570": "Trade representative and the", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00836-00179570-00179810": "Jordanian counterparts to say,", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00837-00179810-00180135": "This is a problem for us, we", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00838-00180135-00180249": "Can't have that.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00839-00180249-00180349": "You just negotiated this", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00840-00180349-00180469": "Agreement with us.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00841-00180469-00180590": "Arguably an issue that without", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00842-00180590-00180751": "That labor chapter would have", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00843-00180751-00180958": "Been way down at the bottom of", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00844-00180958-00181066": "The list for any sort of", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00845-00181066-00181172": "Diplomatic engagement with", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00846-00181172-00181272": "Jordan.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00847-00181272-00181422": "Think about jordan and where it", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00848-00181422-00181741": "Sits, its strategic importance,", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00849-00181741-00181874": "Its importance as a long", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00850-00181874-00182071": "Standing place where we've had", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00851-00182071-00182341": "To have military engagement,", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00852-00182341-00182514": "Humanitarian engagement because", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00853-00182514-00182752": "Of referees, et cetera.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00854-00182752-00182986": "All that is so important and yet", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00855-00182986-00183141": "This trade issue about these,", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00856-00183141-00183263": "You know, couple dozen,", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00857-00183263-00183363": "Literally a few dozen garment", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00858-00183363-00183729": "Factories rose to some serious", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00859-00183729-00183911": "Diplomatic engagement around the", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00860-00183911-00184011": "Issue.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00861-00184011-00184111": "And I will say I didn't say and", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00862-00184111-00184323": "It wasn't in my bio but I spent", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00863-00184323-00184460": "The past six years working for", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00864-00184460-00184560": "Usa-id.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00865-00184560-00184886": "And I mention that because I can", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00866-00184886-00185032": "Tell you -- now, you know, sort", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00867-00185032-00185227": "Of this is getting just closer", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00868-00185227-00185358": "To the time when I joined aid.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00869-00185358-00185580": "Although it is a little bit", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00870-00185580-00185682": "Before my time.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00871-00185682-00185789": "That one of the very first", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00872-00185789-00185889": "Things that happen and I", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00873-00185889-00186088": "Resuscitated this from the files", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00874-00186088-00186510": "Was that usa-id was ordered to", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00875-00186510-00186701": "Come up with funding to hire a", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00876-00186701-00186832": "Consultant and look and see what", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00877-00186832-00187002": "Could be done to improve labor", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00878-00187002-00187102": "Rights conditions in the", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00879-00187102-00187384": "Factories which they did.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00880-00187384-00187523": "And through the course of the", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00881-00187523-00187696": "Negotiations a few things", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00882-00187696-00187796": "Happened.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00883-00187796-00187988": "One of which was a version of", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00884-00187988-00188249": "That same ilo program to monitor", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00885-00188249-00188417": "The apparel factories was stood", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00886-00188417-00188620": "Up in jordan.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00887-00188620-00188803": "So the jordanian government", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00888-00188803-00189085": "Agreed to, you know, several", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00889-00189085-00189253": "Changes including changes in the", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00890-00189253-00189484": "Law that made it possible for", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00891-00189484-00189691": "The first time for jordanian", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00892-00189691-00189978": "Unions to actually represent", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00893-00189978-00190167": "Migrant workers.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00894-00190167-00190267": "So there was a", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00895-00190267-00190367": "Legal change.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00896-00190367-00190467": "There was an actual change", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00897-00190467-00190576": "Because those workers actually", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00898-00190576-00190695": "Then had access to", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00899-00190695-00190900": "Representation.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00900-00190900-00191040": "And there was the introduction", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00901-00191040-00191345": "Of a monitoring program that", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00902-00191345-00191500": "Assisted and facilitated to", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00903-00191500-00191633": "Actually improve overall and", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00904-00191633-00191861": "Raise up overall conditions in", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00905-00191861-00191961": "Jordan's apparel sector.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00906-00191961-00192196": "So, you know I can talk more", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00907-00192196-00192311": "About that and, you know, sort", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00908-00192311-00192452": "Of where things since then, but", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00909-00192452-00192644": "Yeah, I would say those are a", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00910-00192644-00192802": "Couple of examples of, you know,", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00911-00192802-00193042": "You go in and as advocates we", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00912-00193042-00193251": "Were always really very tactical", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00913-00193251-00193390": "About the use of the", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00914-00193390-00193490": "Instruments.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00915-00193490-00193590": "The case itself", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00916-00193590-00193690": "Wasn't going to solve the", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00917-00193690-00193790": "Problem.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00918-00193790-00193890": "It was important for other", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00919-00193890-00193990": "Actors to come in and say here", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00920-00193990-00194199": "Are practical things that can be", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00921-00194199-00194392": "Done as a result of which you", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00922-00194392-00194727": "Know we can accept resolution of", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00923-00194727-00194827": "The case.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00924-00194827-00194927": "So I think I'll stop.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00925-00194927-00195027": "I've got lots of other", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00926-00195027-00195164": "Interesting cases we can talk", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00927-00195164-00195265": "About as we go but I'll stop", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00928-00195265-00195365": "With those two for now.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00929-00195365-00195465": "moderator: I do think the", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00930-00195465-00195595": "Cambodian case is interesting", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00931-00195595-00195745": "For the point thaw made about", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00932-00195745-00195989": "The diplomatic context and the", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00933-00195989-00196151": "Broader equities what are the", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00934-00196151-00196328": "Conditions that the u.S.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00935-00196328-00196428": "Or", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00936-00196428-00196596": "Other major players can advocate", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00937-00196596-00196939": "Effectively for labor rights.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00938-00196939-00197178": "My very brief time swimming in", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00939-00197178-00197304": "The same stream as the two of", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00940-00197304-00197474": "You was in the mid-2000s in the", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00941-00197474-00197644": "Treasury department when we were", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00942-00197644-00197780": "Working with cambodian", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00943-00197780-00197914": "Government on that and the", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00944-00197914-00198038": "Context of other development in", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00945-00198038-00198297": "Debt related negotiations.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00946-00198297-00198446": "At that time 58 percent of c", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00947-00198446-00198611": "Cambodia's exports went to the", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00948-00198611-00198837": "U.S.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00949-00198837-00199063": "So there was a high degree of", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00950-00199063-00199163": "U.S. Leverage.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00951-00199163-00199273": "There was a relationship between", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00952-00199273-00199424": "The government that was still --", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00953-00199424-00199635": "The government was not in full", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00954-00199635-00199857": "Control and the royalist forces", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00955-00199857-00199974": "Still had a major say in", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00956-00199974-00200074": "Government.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00957-00200074-00200210": "So the dynamics were very", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00958-00200210-00200490": "Favorable for negotiating on", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00959-00200490-00200590": "That issue.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00960-00200590-00200690": "I think you are right that in", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00961-00200690-00200913": "The early part of the 2000s,", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00962-00200913-00201052": "Cambodia saw the emergence of", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00963-00201052-00201162": "Some of the strongest labor", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00964-00201162-00201301": "Unions anywhere in southeast", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00965-00201301-00201648": "Asia as you also referenced more", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00966-00201648-00201799": "Recently it's gone the other way", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00967-00201799-00201937": "As the government has seen them", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00968-00201937-00202101": "As a source of political", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00969-00202101-00202291": "Opposition and has carried out", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00970-00202291-00202451": "Targeted assassinations against", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00971-00202451-00202627": "Labor leaders and so forth.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00972-00202627-00202727": "But for a phase when the", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00973-00202727-00202930": "Conditions were favorable, I", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00974-00202930-00203409": "Agree that it had a major impact", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00975-00203409-00203695": "On the conditions for workers in", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00976-00203695-00203795": "That country.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00977-00203795-00203895": "Particularly in the garment", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00978-00203895-00203995": "Sector which is such a major", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00979-00203995-00204095": "Employer.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00980-00204095-00204195": "sander levin: let me just", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00981-00204195-00204347": "Comment briefly on those cases.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00982-00204347-00204447": "Very briefly.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00983-00204447-00205288": "As to cafta and as to mexico, a", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00984-00205288-00205391": "Bilateral agreement can", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00985-00205391-00205700": "Basically work if it's done", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00986-00205700-00205937": "Right.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00987-00205937-00206663": "We're in the same neighborhood.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00988-00206663-00207210": "And there isn't a way easily for", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00989-00207210-00207603": "Producers to shift from mexico", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00990-00207603-00207787": "Or central america including", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00991-00207787-00207982": "Dominican republic some place", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00992-00207982-00208179": "Else.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00993-00208179-00208382": "So the challenge in a bilateral", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00994-00208382-00208744": "Agreement is to really make it", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00995-00208744-00208844": "Work.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00996-00208844-00209244": "And with cafta it was totally", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00997-00209244-00209351": "Unworkable.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00998-00209351-00209579": "Enforce your own laws as bad as", "nPJl1iVSLA0-00999-00209579-00209684": "They are.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01000-00209684-00209863": "And I should point out I think", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01001-00209863-00210200": "One of the two major sources of", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01002-00210200-00210426": "Immigration from central", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01003-00210426-00210617": "America, two causes.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01004-00210617-00210953": "One is violence and the other is", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01005-00210953-00211123": "Our economic conditions -- are", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01006-00211123-00211223": "Economic conditions.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01007-00211223-00211434": "So we paid a very heavy price in", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01008-00211434-00211684": "Cafta for failure to have", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01009-00211684-00212063": "Enforceable labor conditions.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01010-00212063-00212355": "A high price.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01011-00212355-00212653": "Secondly, in terms of other", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01012-00212653-00212871": "Countries, I think you have to", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01013-00212871-00213275": "Have a multi-lateral structure", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01014-00213275-00213485": "Contrary to the view of this", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01015-00213485-00213751": "Administration which wants to do", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01016-00213751-00213931": "Everything unilaterally or", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01017-00213931-00214129": "Bilaterally.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01018-00214129-00214358": "Because cambodia is a perfect", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01019-00214358-00214458": "Example.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01020-00214458-00214613": "It was the only place where the", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01021-00214613-00214858": "Labor movement of the united", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01022-00214858-00215081": "States became engaged.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01023-00215081-00215419": "And they supported our agreement", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01024-00215419-00215546": "With cambodia.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01025-00215546-00215930": "The labor movement.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01026-00215930-00216082": "The date exactly.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01027-00216082-00216282": "It is the only case I can", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01028-00216282-00216463": "Remember where the american", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01029-00216463-00216681": "Labor movement in those days", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01030-00216681-00216838": "Were supportive of a trade", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01031-00216838-00216950": "Agreement.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01032-00216950-00217319": "The problem was that once unions", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01033-00217319-00217569": "Were allowed and working", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01034-00217569-00217709": "Conditions got better the", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01035-00217709-00218001": "Companies moved their production", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01036-00218001-00218217": "To other places, especially to", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01037-00218217-00218356": "Vietnam.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01038-00218356-00218831": "So, while a bilateral system", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01039-00218831-00219113": "Will work in some cases,", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01040-00219113-00219473": "Contrary to the present notion", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01041-00219473-00219673": "Opposed to any multi-lateral", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01042-00219673-00219954": "Kind of structure, that was", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01043-00219954-00220117": "Critical as to cambodia.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01044-00220117-00220364": "moderator: on similar lines", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01045-00220364-00220617": "It was a peeric victory for the", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01046-00220617-00220848": "Labor groups in 2019 got a new", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01047-00220848-00221003": "Law finally passed on labor", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01048-00221003-00221200": "Protections in cambodia and the", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01049-00221200-00221704": "Wages went up by something like", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01050-00221704-00221804": "Garment factories literally", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01051-00221804-00222086": "Folded and moved as you are", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01052-00222086-00222186": "Suggesting.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01053-00222186-00222286": "So, there is a pushing the", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01054-00222286-00222489": "Balloon dimension to this that", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01055-00222489-00222671": "Merits attention.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01056-00222671-00222788": "Let's get some of your thoughts", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01057-00222788-00222888": "And questions.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01058-00222888-00222988": "It looks like michael is going", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01059-00222988-00223088": "To start.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01060-00223088-00223188": "Maybe introduce yourself and", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01061-00223188-00223288": "Share with us the first of the", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01062-00223288-00223467": "Audience questions.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01063-00223467-00223794": "sander levin: no holds barred", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01064-00223794-00223894": "Right?", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01065-00223894-00224098": "I'm serious.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01066-00224098-00224350": "Trade is such a vital and", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01067-00224350-00224769": "Volatile issue that unless you", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01068-00224769-00224938": "Say no holds barred and people", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01069-00224938-00225169": "Are totally frank, we kind of", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01070-00225169-00225325": "Talk around each other.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01071-00225325-00225425": "understood.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01072-00225425-00225602": "I'll do my best to pull out the", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01073-00225602-00225817": "Questions.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01074-00225817-00225917": "First thank you so much for", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01075-00225917-00226019": "Being here.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01076-00226019-00226119": "Michael vice.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01077-00226119-00226314": "A first year student focusing on", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01078-00226314-00226496": "International policy.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01079-00226496-00226771": "Our first question is the u.S.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01080-00226771-00226902": "Has expressed its displeasure", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01081-00226902-00227077": "With the lack of accountability", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01082-00227077-00227275": "For the wto appellate body.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01083-00227275-00227440": "What do you think could be", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01084-00227440-00227753": "Possible reforms to correct this", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01085-00227753-00227853": "Problem?", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01086-00227853-00228052": "sander levin: let's answer", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01087-00228052-00228171": "That briefly.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01088-00228171-00228853": "The wto enforceable system, it", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01089-00228853-00229214": "Needs a basic reform.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01090-00229214-00229515": "But the president is using the", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01091-00229515-00229777": "Lack of it to make a point.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01092-00229777-00229996": "S, approve aappointments so the", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01093-00229996-00230490": "Infrastructure today is totally", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01094-00230490-00230650": "Vulnerable.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01095-00230650-00231007": "There's only one person I think", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01096-00231007-00231534": "And it requires three.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01097-00231534-00231652": "We had lots of fights.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01098-00231652-00231875": "I won't bore you with the fights", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01099-00231875-00232069": "Over the wto enforcement.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01100-00232069-00232223": "They went way overboard at", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01101-00232223-00232323": "Times.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01102-00232323-00232571": "It needs to be reformed,", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01103-00232571-00232771": "Democratized.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01104-00232771-00232957": "But the notion that you should", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01105-00232957-00233198": "Do without it and destroy it,", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01106-00233198-00233652": "Well we just used as an ask.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01107-00233652-00233817": "Hopefully the day will come when", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01108-00233817-00234089": "Labor and environment are", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01109-00234089-00234378": "Part -- they are internationally", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01110-00234378-00234625": "Enforced standards, right.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01111-00234625-00234778": "Because, otherwise, companies", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01112-00234778-00234878": "Move.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01113-00234878-00235064": "I mean look what happened in", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01114-00235064-00235394": "Central america.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01115-00235394-00235669": "I went to a place and I figured", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01116-00235669-00235817": "Out how much the workers were", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01117-00235817-00235917": "Making.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01118-00235917-00236383": "It was three women's panties and", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01119-00236383-00236585": "It happened to have the price on", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01120-00236585-00236685": "It.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01121-00236685-00236971": "And where it was going.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01122-00236971-00237071": "$5.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01123-00237071-00237254": "They were making a dollar an", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01124-00237254-00237354": "Hour.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01125-00237354-00237713": "When we figured out how much", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01126-00237713-00238132": "Labor went into that $5, you", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01127-00238132-00238301": "Could double the minimum wage", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01128-00238301-00238521": "That those mostly women, and", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01129-00238521-00238748": "Many single women with children,", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01130-00238748-00238903": "Were making and it would have", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01131-00238903-00239003": "Increased the cost of the", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01132-00239003-00239240": "Panties at that place in the", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01133-00239240-00239600": "United states from $5 to $5.25", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01134-00239600-00239742": "Cr", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01135-00239742-00240004": "Doubling the wage they were", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01136-00240004-00240251": "Receiving it would have increase", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01137-00240251-00240598": "The cost to the consumer of", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01138-00240598-00240719": "$0.25.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01139-00240719-00240938": "So we need to have", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01140-00240938-00241200": "Workable structures.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01141-00241200-00241711": "audience member: thank you", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01142-00241711-00241817": "For being here.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01143-00241817-00242030": "My name is pa tasha.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01144-00242030-00242190": "I am a first year dual degree", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01145-00242190-00242342": "Student in master of public", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01146-00242342-00242577": "Policy and master of science", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01147-00242577-00242696": "Information.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01148-00242696-00242880": "I have questions --", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01149-00242880-00242980": "sander levin: say it loudly", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01150-00242980-00243083": "To everybody can hear okay.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01151-00243083-00243191": "audience member: I have a", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01152-00243191-00243478": "Question for both speakers.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01153-00243478-00243681": "The american labor movement is", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01154-00243681-00243894": "Often portrayed as being", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01155-00243894-00244016": "Insullyar.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01156-00244016-00244116": "Protecting the benefits of", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01157-00244116-00244380": "Particular workers in a specific", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01158-00244380-00244480": "Industry.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01159-00244480-00244846": "Is that characterization fair?", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01160-00244846-00244981": "What is the best way to create", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01161-00244981-00245169": "Solidarity between white male", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01162-00245169-00245382": "Blue collar union members in the", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01163-00245382-00245482": "U.S.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01164-00245482-00245764": "And immigrants in the u.S.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01165-00245764-00246000": "Working around the world.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01166-00246000-00246555": "moderator: so, basically, the", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01167-00246555-00246682": "Question is about when are we", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01168-00246682-00246789": "Going to see more of what you", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01169-00246789-00246961": "Described in cambodia in which", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01170-00246961-00247219": "The u.S.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01171-00247219-00247364": "Labor unions go to bat", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01172-00247364-00247561": "For workers rights, conditions", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01173-00247561-00247816": "In other parts of the world and", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01174-00247816-00247929": "See them as part of the same", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01175-00247929-00248238": "Effectively the same mission.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01176-00248238-00248475": "Does either of you want to start", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01177-00248475-00248575": "With that?", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01178-00248575-00248731": "bama Athreya: I can just talk", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01179-00248731-00248831": "About -- let me talk about a", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01180-00248831-00249029": "Couple of examples of, again,", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01181-00249029-00249181": "Uses in cases.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01182-00249181-00249421": "I think it's important to, you", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01183-00249421-00249582": "Know, recognize -- first of all", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01184-00249582-00249696": "To recognize that labor", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01185-00249696-00249898": "Movements are large membership", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01186-00249898-00250114": "Based movements and accountable", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01187-00250114-00250291": "To their members.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01188-00250291-00250434": "And that's fine, right.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01189-00250434-00250534": "That's how democratic", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01190-00250534-00250673": "Institutions work.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01191-00250673-00250798": "That being the case, you know,", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01192-00250798-00250992": "Again I feel like it's a", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01193-00250992-00251231": "Situation where it depends on", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01194-00251231-00251348": "What you look at.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01195-00251348-00251669": "If you look at what statements", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01196-00251669-00251827": "The labor movement, you know,", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01197-00251827-00251966": "And its representative", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01198-00251966-00252141": "Organizations the afl-cio may", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01199-00252141-00252298": "Have to make in a very high", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01200-00252298-00252575": "Profile debate about whether or", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01201-00252575-00253023": "Not to ratify a new trade", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01202-00253023-00253142": "Agreement.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01203-00253142-00253457": "It's understandable why there's", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01204-00253457-00253704": "A certain political cue lus that", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01205-00253704-00253930": "The afl or another union might", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01206-00253930-00254201": "Have to make in that", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01207-00254201-00254358": "Circumstance.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01208-00254358-00254598": "It can be very different when", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01209-00254598-00254854": "You look at this very granular", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01210-00254854-00255233": "Level at what is happening with", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01211-00255233-00255406": "Worker movements in particular", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01212-00255406-00255573": "Countries at particular times.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01213-00255573-00255794": "I'm going to talk about two more", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01214-00255794-00255894": "Cases.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01215-00255894-00256078": "The one is bangladesh.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01216-00256078-00256255": "And I think if people know", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01217-00256255-00256467": "Nothing else about bangladesh,", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01218-00256467-00256691": "Most people know that there is a", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01219-00256691-00257010": "Very large garment sector in the", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01220-00257010-00257142": "Country and that it has been the", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01221-00257142-00257267": "Subject of some incredible", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01222-00257267-00257584": "Tragedies in recent years.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01223-00257584-00257701": "The most well-known traffic", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01224-00257701-00257869": "Incident is the collapse of the", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01225-00257869-00258206": "Rana plaza building in 2013", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01226-00258206-00258306": "Leading to the death of well", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01227-00258306-00258571": "Over a thousand workers.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01228-00258571-00258779": "But labor groups in bangladesh", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01229-00258779-00259054": "Had been in touch with labor", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01230-00259054-00259231": "Groups in the united states for", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01231-00259231-00259416": "Many years.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01232-00259416-00259535": "And there were solidarity", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01233-00259535-00259690": "Campaigns targeting some of the", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01234-00259690-00259838": "Big buyers of the apparel from", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01235-00259838-00260010": "Bangladesh.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01236-00260010-00260479": "In 2013, there was a review of", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01237-00260479-00260681": "Bangladesh's benefits under the", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01238-00260681-00260852": "Unilateral preference program,", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01239-00260852-00260957": "The gsp.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01240-00260957-00261260": "The afl-cio for years prior to", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01241-00261260-00261453": "The rana plaza collapse year", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01242-00261453-00261589": "After year had been filing", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01243-00261589-00261953": "Submissions to ustr, I mean, for", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01244-00261953-00262213": "Many years, saying bangladesh's", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01245-00262213-00262366": "Labor laws are inadequate,", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01246-00262366-00262506": "They're not protecting these", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01247-00262506-00262606": "Workers, workers are not allowed", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01248-00262606-00262777": "To organize, there must be", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01249-00262777-00262895": "Reforms.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01250-00262895-00263241": "And in 2013 that case finally", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01251-00263241-00263459": "Was taken up in a serious", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01252-00263459-00263559": "Manner.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01253-00263559-00263752": "And I think professor levin had", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01254-00263752-00263852": "Something to do with that as", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01255-00263852-00263952": "Well.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01256-00263952-00264131": "He may want to comment.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01257-00264131-00264257": "And there was a suspension of", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01258-00264257-00264388": "Bangladesh's benefits.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01259-00264388-00264623": "Now that was a situation in", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01260-00264623-00264797": "Which the u.S.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01261-00264797-00264897": "Labor movement", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01262-00264897-00265029": "Was very comfortable and had", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01263-00265029-00265455": "Been comfortable for years", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01264-00265455-00265609": "Pushing the u.S.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01265-00265609-00265709": "Government to", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01266-00265709-00265844": "Enforce labor conditionality in", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01267-00265844-00266201": "A way that showed solidarity", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01268-00266201-00266301": "With groups on the ground in", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01269-00266301-00266534": "Bangladesh.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01270-00266534-00266646": "I think, you know, there are", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01271-00266646-00266773": "Other recent cases, actually", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01272-00266773-00266873": "I'll just talk about one other", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01273-00266873-00266984": "Case because people don't know", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01274-00266984-00267164": "About it and it's another great", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01275-00267164-00267264": "Case.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01276-00267264-00267500": "But again back to my point about", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01277-00267500-00267646": "Cambodia, a lot of this is about", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01278-00267646-00267825": "Timing is everything and where", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01279-00267825-00267925": "We are in the diplomatic", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01280-00267925-00268078": "Relationship.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01281-00268078-00268596": "Suazee land had trade", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01282-00268596-00268697": "Preferences under a program", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01283-00268697-00268817": "Called the africa growth and", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01284-00268817-00269292": "Opportunity act, agoa.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01285-00269292-00269518": "Guess what sector got stood up", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01286-00269518-00269618": "There.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01287-00269618-00269718": "Yes the apparel sector.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01288-00269718-00269818": "I don't mean to just talk about", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01289-00269818-00269922": "The apparel sector but seems to", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01290-00269922-00270137": "Be a thing that countries do", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01291-00270137-00270358": "When they get trade programs in", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01292-00270358-00270606": "Place.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01293-00270606-00270915": "You know, in the early 2010s the", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01294-00270915-00271125": "Country is a monarchy, it's very", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01295-00271125-00271225": "Autocratic, it's very", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01296-00271225-00271418": "Repressive, was getting more and", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01297-00271418-00271518": "More so.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01298-00271518-00271799": "And went as far as outlying all", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01299-00271799-00271931": "Civil society organizations.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01300-00271931-00272214": "Right to I a shoesh yate,", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01301-00272214-00272457": "Freedom of assembly, wiped it", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01302-00272457-00272557": "Out.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01303-00272557-00272667": "So that did not only affect", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01304-00272667-00272996": "Labor movements in suazee land.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01305-00272996-00273174": "You aren't even allowed to have", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01306-00273174-00273385": "A business organization because", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01307-00273385-00273604": "It was an association.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01308-00273604-00273720": "All the human rights groups got", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01309-00273720-00273820": "Wiped out.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01310-00273820-00274099": "Church groups got wiped out.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01311-00274099-00274199": "You", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01312-00274199-00274353": "Know, again, afl-cio brought a", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01313-00274353-00274738": "Petition to ustr on behalf of", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01314-00274738-00275018": "Its allies in the trade union", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01315-00275018-00275152": "Movement.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01316-00275152-00275569": "And the simple push was that the", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01317-00275569-00275885": "Country had to reform its law", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01318-00275885-00276106": "And organizations to allow a", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01319-00276106-00276222": "Associations, you know, allow", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01320-00276222-00276440": "Organizations to exist freely", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01321-00276440-00276706": "Once more.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01322-00276706-00276806": "Very successful case.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01323-00276806-00276947": "In the course of a few years --", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01324-00276947-00277103": "I mean, and ustr yanked the", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01325-00277103-00277203": "Benefits.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01326-00277203-00277325": "They took away the agoa", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01327-00277325-00277425": "Benefits.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01328-00277425-00277525": "That was controversial.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01329-00277525-00277640": "People were being hurt.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01330-00277640-00278131": "The union was telling us we'll", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01331-00278131-00278288": "Take the pain.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01332-00278288-00278514": "Something has to change.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01333-00278514-00278690": "Benefits were removed.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01334-00278690-00279036": "Swazee government reformed the", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01335-00279036-00279188": "Law.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01336-00279188-00279485": "In the interval because many of", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01337-00279485-00279595": "Us that were working with the", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01338-00279595-00280104": "Swazee labor movement they were", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01339-00280104-00280331": "Able to survive through the", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01340-00280331-00280465": "Period of incredible repression", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01341-00280465-00280638": "And hold open that space for the", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01342-00280638-00280862": "Rest of civil society, the human", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01343-00280862-00281083": "Rights that groups that had go", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01344-00281083-00281194": "Go underground because they", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01345-00281194-00281336": "Could exist because they were in", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01346-00281336-00281461": "The spotlight because of this", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01347-00281461-00281561": "Case.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01348-00281561-00281950": "So, when the law was amended and", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01349-00281950-00282200": "It was possible to openly", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01350-00282200-00282529": "Associate once more, unions were", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01351-00282529-00282645": "Able to, you know, it had been", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01352-00282645-00282771": "In the wedge in the door to open", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01353-00282771-00282880": "That door wider for other", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01354-00282880-00283036": "Organizations.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01355-00283036-00283223": "Indeed I believe it was in 2018", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01356-00283223-00283425": "We restored agoa benefits.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01357-00283425-00283597": "So a couple examples where the", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01358-00283597-00283765": "Labor union was there and they", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01359-00283765-00283901": "Were the ones bringing the case.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01360-00283901-00284073": "sander levin: just a couple", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01361-00284073-00284334": "Of comments about labor.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01362-00284334-00284607": "The labor movement is going to", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01363-00284607-00284940": "Play a more substantial role in", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01364-00284940-00285308": "The enforcement of usmca.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01365-00285308-00285569": "That's been provided.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01366-00285569-00285826": "But I think the problem is going", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01367-00285826-00286401": "To be the way it's structured.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01368-00286401-00286706": "Mexico is the only democracy on", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01369-00286706-00286930": "Earth which has the kind of", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01370-00286930-00287282": "Structure it now has with tens", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01371-00287282-00287622": "Of thousands of so-called", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01372-00287622-00287771": "Protection agreements that", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01373-00287771-00287976": "Workers have never seen, never", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01374-00287976-00288096": "Voted on.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01375-00288096-00288438": "It's going to be very hard to", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01376-00288438-00288721": "Make a dent in that.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01377-00288721-00288973": "And my concern is the way the", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01378-00288973-00289207": "Law is constructed it will make", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01379-00289207-00289500": "It even more difficult because", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01380-00289500-00289728": "It relates to individual", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01381-00289728-00289846": "Locations.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01382-00289846-00290093": "But let me just say a word about", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01383-00290093-00290467": "Bangladesh.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01384-00290467-00290699": "To the credit of the european", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01385-00290699-00290988": "Apparel makers, when they set up", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01386-00290988-00291313": "After rana plaza where 1,100", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01387-00291313-00291958": "People died, the european", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01388-00291958-00292261": "Organization included the labor", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01389-00292261-00292361": "Movement.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01390-00292361-00292533": "But the one that was set up by", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01391-00292533-00292921": "American companies did not.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01392-00292921-00293128": "And so while working", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01393-00293128-00293228": "Conditions -- and you know more", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01394-00293228-00293361": "About this first-hand than I do;", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01395-00293361-00293561": "I haven't been there for a few", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01396-00293561-00293661": "Years now.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01397-00293661-00293858": "While the working conditions in", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01398-00293858-00294211": "Terms of safety have improved,", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01399-00294211-00294409": "The other conditions for workers", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01400-00294409-00294611": "I don't think have.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01401-00294611-00295001": "So if you look at your clothing,", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01402-00295001-00295149": "My guess is if we did it here", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01403-00295149-00295567": "Now probably a few of us would", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01404-00295567-00295910": "Have garments on that say", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01405-00295910-00296010": "Bangladesh.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01406-00296010-00296282": "And the workers there continue", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01407-00296282-00296663": "To be paid close to a dollar, a", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01408-00296663-00296989": "Dollar and a quarter an hour.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01409-00296989-00297605": "And how can you live on that?", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01410-00297605-00297764": "That's what this country needs", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01411-00297764-00298004": "To ask.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01412-00298004-00298249": "How can people live on it?", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01413-00298249-00298552": "And the answer is to central", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01414-00298552-00298767": "America they can't.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01415-00298767-00299061": "So it's one of the reasons they", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01416-00299061-00299176": "Leave.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01417-00299176-00299522": "audience member: that leads", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01418-00299522-00299818": "Into our next question which is", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01419-00299818-00299918": "Focused for dr.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01420-00299918-00300018": "Athreya but", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01421-00300018-00300118": "Please jump in.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01422-00300118-00300431": "Dr. Athreya you worked in the", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01423-00300431-00300609": "Ngo, private sector and the u.S.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01424-00300609-00300709": "Government.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01425-00300709-00300839": "Where do you feel most effective", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01426-00300839-00301052": "In protecting workers and why?", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01427-00301052-00301451": "bama Athreya: so, yeah, I", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01428-00301451-00301641": "Mean, there's not -- there's not", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01429-00301641-00301741": "A choice there.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01430-00301741-00302020": "There's not really a choice.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01431-00302020-00302343": "And it's interesting because", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01432-00302343-00302470": "Most recently I've been in", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01433-00302470-00302570": "Government.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01434-00302570-00302694": "And in government had the", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01435-00302694-00302887": "Opportunity to see the flip-side", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01436-00302887-00303035": "Of cases I had brought when I", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01437-00303035-00303247": "Was on the outside as an", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01438-00303247-00303377": "Advocate.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01439-00303377-00303652": "We had some very -- even over", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01440-00303652-00303815": "The past, you know, couple of", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01441-00303815-00304054": "Years, right, so we have had", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01442-00304054-00304311": "Some very good work by people in", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01443-00304311-00304482": "Public service in the various", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01444-00304482-00304582": "U.S.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01445-00304582-00304682": "Government entities that", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01446-00304682-00304854": "Work on these trade cases, you", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01447-00304854-00304981": "Know, with integrity bringing", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01448-00304981-00305165": "The cases forward.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01449-00305165-00305380": "But people in government can't", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01450-00305380-00305640": "Do that without the outside", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01451-00305640-00305976": "Groups who find the facts, bring", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01452-00305976-00306079": "The cases forward.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01453-00306079-00306179": "You know, so to put the", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01454-00306179-00306279": "Information forward.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01455-00306279-00306472": "So this gives me an excuse to", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01456-00306472-00306617": "Come back to one of the early", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01457-00306617-00306860": "Points I made in the first few", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01458-00306860-00307003": "Minutes.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01459-00307003-00307263": "That is I don't think groups on", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01460-00307263-00307600": "The outside quite realized the", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01461-00307600-00307764": "Potential of what they could be", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01462-00307764-00308015": "Doing with these cases.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01463-00308015-00308386": "And the appetite that people and", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01464-00308386-00308501": "Particularly people who are just", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01465-00308501-00308667": "Charged with enforcing the laws,", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01466-00308667-00308800": "Right, not the politicals, not", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01467-00308800-00308939": "The people who are making", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01468-00308939-00309092": "Policy, the people whose job it", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01469-00309092-00309306": "Is just to enforce the laws that", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01470-00309306-00309464": "We have.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01471-00309464-00309673": "What they could do with more", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01472-00309673-00310008": "Information on more of the", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01473-00310008-00310176": "Conditions, you know, of what's", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01474-00310176-00310341": "Really happening on labor and", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01475-00310341-00310466": "Environment in more of these", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01476-00310466-00310566": "Countries.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01477-00310566-00310747": "So, you know, I won't go on.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01478-00310747-00310972": "I will just say, like, that's", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01479-00310972-00311174": "Just such a necessary compliment", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01480-00311174-00311315": "You really can't choose between", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01481-00311315-00311438": "Where you are more effective.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01482-00311438-00311790": "As for the role of business,", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01483-00311790-00311930": "That hasn't come up at all so", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01484-00311930-00312117": "Maybe an interesting moment to", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01485-00312117-00312323": "Take just, you know, a minute to", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01486-00312323-00312673": "Think about that and just as a", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01487-00312673-00312809": "Discussion, you know, sort of", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01488-00312809-00312917": "Open up a discussion.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01489-00312917-00313311": "A lot of what I have observed", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01490-00313311-00313607": "And indeed what also when I was", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01491-00313607-00313709": "Working with the private sector", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01492-00313709-00314231": "Worked on, was standing up", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01493-00314231-00314465": "Systems to manage supply chain", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01494-00314465-00314565": "Issues.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01495-00314565-00314697": "To mitigate risk in supply", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01496-00314697-00314797": "Chains.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01497-00314797-00315056": "Reduce the risk of the exposure", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01498-00315056-00315290": "Of labor rights violations.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01499-00315290-00315623": "And those kinds of voluntary", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01500-00315623-00315987": "Risk management efforts are, you", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01501-00315987-00316475": "Know, fine, but I feel they are", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01502-00316475-00316736": "A thing unto themselves and they", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01503-00316736-00317023": "Don't really get at the heart of", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01504-00317023-00317280": "What is meant to be addressed", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01505-00317280-00317561": "With these labor clauses in the", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01506-00317561-00317736": "Various trade instruments.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01507-00317736-00317848": "The reason they don't get there", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01508-00317848-00317992": "Is, again, going back to another", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01509-00317992-00318110": "One of the points I made early", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01510-00318110-00318210": "On.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01511-00318210-00318408": "Because really what all of those", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01512-00318408-00318508": "Inst", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01513-00318508-00318796": "Instruments do is create that", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01514-00318796-00318914": "Wedge, right.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01515-00318914-00319038": "Wedge open that space as I", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01516-00319038-00319258": "Described with the swazee.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01517-00319258-00319447": "Then it's really up to workers", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01518-00319447-00319652": "And worker organizations.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01519-00319652-00319767": "At the end of the day, who is", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01520-00319767-00319870": "Really going to improve", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01521-00319870-00319970": "Cond", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01522-00319970-00320071": "Conditions of those supply", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01523-00320071-00320198": "Chains.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01524-00320198-00320298": "Workers themselves if they had", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01525-00320298-00320460": "The agency to do so.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01526-00320460-00320604": "I think the business side", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01527-00320604-00320963": "Private voluntary programs, I", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01528-00320963-00321261": "Think professor levin you quite", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01529-00321261-00321427": "Rightly point out there are very", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01530-00321427-00321618": "Few of the accord, which is the", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01531-00321618-00321778": "Eu agreement that was stood up", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01532-00321778-00321915": "After bangladesh, is one of the", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01533-00321915-00322067": "Very few that actually puts", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01534-00322067-00322408": "Unions into the equation and,", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01535-00322408-00322523": "You know, considers them as a", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01536-00322523-00322623": "Partner.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01537-00322623-00322723": "For the most part, the rest of", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01538-00322723-00322829": "Them are perfectly happy to work", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01539-00322829-00323029": "On health and safety.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01540-00323029-00323177": "They're perfectly happy to work", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01541-00323177-00323311": "On, you know, ending child", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01542-00323311-00323453": "Labor.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01543-00323453-00323586": "But they will not go as far as", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01544-00323586-00323722": "Actually creating that space to", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01545-00323722-00323842": "Negotiate with workers.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01546-00323842-00323948": "sander levin: to its credit", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01547-00323948-00324328": "The university has a committee", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01548-00324328-00324543": "That works with the business", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01549-00324543-00324843": "Community in terms of its", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01550-00324843-00325080": "Purchases.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01551-00325080-00325715": "And I went to a meeting and I", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01552-00325715-00326091": "Think it would be well for the", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01553-00326091-00326367": "University to talk further about", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01554-00326367-00326467": "How it is more effective.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01555-00326467-00327006": "It is a difficult issue.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01556-00327006-00327285": "But, you know, if we don't face", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01557-00327285-00327637": "Up to this, we're going to have", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01558-00327637-00327947": "Demons", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01559-00327947-00328258": "Demonstrations.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01560-00328258-00328430": "Institutions need to step up to", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01561-00328430-00328927": "The plate.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01562-00328927-00329032": "If there were another rana", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01563-00329032-00329502": "Plaza, my guess is with all the", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01564-00329502-00329808": "Vitality among students at this", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01565-00329808-00330041": "University, you would see", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01566-00330041-00330654": "Activity.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01567-00330654-00330907": "Rightfully so.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01568-00330907-00331107": "Moment.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01569-00331107-00331481": "By the way they did not want to", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01570-00331481-00331897": "Go into rana plaza and they were", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01571-00331897-00332502": "Told, if you don't go in, you're", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01572-00332502-00332711": "Fired.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01573-00332711-00332984": "So that's kind of what's at", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01574-00332984-00333090": "Stake.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01575-00333090-00333302": "In part.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01576-00333302-00333515": "What's next?", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01577-00333515-00333778": "A lot of back and forth.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01578-00333778-00333954": "What's the most controversial", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01579-00333954-00334142": "Issue you can think of?", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01580-00334142-00334271": "Most controversial question?", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01581-00334271-00334410": "audience member: I don't know", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01582-00334410-00334510": "If this is the most", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01583-00334510-00334788": "Controversial, but current labor", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01584-00334788-00334941": "Laws in the u.S.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01585-00334941-00335084": "Struggle to", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01586-00335084-00335290": "Adapt to new and different forms", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01587-00335290-00335466": "Of employment such as the", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01588-00335466-00335586": "Economy.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01589-00335586-00335766": "How did this affect labor right", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01590-00335766-00335977": "Promotion both domestically and", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01591-00335977-00336077": "Abroad.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01592-00336077-00336306": "sander levin: say that again.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01593-00336306-00336441": "audience member: current", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01594-00336441-00336572": "Labor laws in the u.S.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01595-00336572-00336672": "Struggle", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01596-00336672-00336843": "To adapt to new and different", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01597-00336843-00337052": "Forms of employment such as the", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01598-00337052-00337245": "Gig economy.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01599-00337245-00337404": "How does this affect labor", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01600-00337404-00337607": "Promotion both domestically and", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01601-00337607-00337825": "Abroad.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01602-00337825-00338435": "bama Athreya: I can start on", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01603-00338435-00338559": "This since I've started doing", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01604-00338559-00338724": "Some research this year on", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01605-00338724-00338874": "Digital economy issues.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01606-00338874-00339127": "And so there's -- we don't know.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01607-00339127-00339438": "I mean, let me take a step back", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01608-00339438-00339744": "To people who are looking at the", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01609-00339744-00340001": "Changes in the economy that are", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01610-00340001-00340325": "Being brought as a result of our", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01611-00340325-00340427": "Moving into what some are", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01612-00340427-00340560": "Calling the fourth industrial", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01613-00340560-00340660": "Revolution.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01614-00340660-00340786": "Which is technology, artificial", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01615-00340786-00340956": "Intelligence and the ways in", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01616-00340956-00341136": "Which it is really sort of", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01617-00341136-00341379": "Changing the entire global", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01618-00341379-00341605": "Economic landscape.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01619-00341605-00341783": "We are -- and one thing that I", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01620-00341783-00341924": "Am just going to observe and", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01621-00341924-00342447": "Comment on is we are locked into", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01622-00342447-00342836": "A conceptualization of labor", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01623-00342836-00343244": "Rights that dates back 100", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01624-00343244-00343344": "Years.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01625-00343344-00343468": "It dates back to the formation", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01626-00343468-00343601": "Of the international labor", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01627-00343601-00343904": "Organization in 1919.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01628-00343904-00344128": "Just after world war I.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01629-00344128-00344318": "And at a moment when governments", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01630-00344318-00344571": "Were scared to death of what was", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01631-00344571-00344762": "Happening in russia, you know,", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01632-00344762-00344915": "Sort of communist revolution,", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01633-00344915-00345096": "And workers rising up.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01634-00345096-00345309": "So we needed labor standards to", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01635-00345309-00345626": "Deal with that world as it", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01636-00345626-00345889": "Looked in 1919.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01637-00345889-00346153": "And so we have our current", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01638-00346153-00346377": "Modern day systems of industrial", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01639-00346377-00346477": "Relations.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01640-00346477-00346617": "And we have our notion of core", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01641-00346617-00346790": "Labor rights which are centered", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01642-00346790-00346967": "Around the premise that people", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01643-00346967-00347199": "Have formal employment.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01644-00347199-00347332": "What are core labor rights?", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01645-00347332-00347539": "The right to associate, the", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01646-00347539-00347748": "Right to bargain collectively,", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01647-00347748-00347880": "The right to a workplace free", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01648-00347880-00348081": "From discrimination, the", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01649-00348081-00348238": "Abolition of child labor and the", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01650-00348238-00348421": "Abolition of forced labor.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01651-00348421-00348641": "Great, they're all still really", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01652-00348641-00348954": "Important fundamental rights but", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01653-00348954-00349108": "We absolutely need to think", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01654-00349108-00349390": "About the ways in which work", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01655-00349390-00349703": "Itself is now being mediated", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01656-00349703-00349803": "Very differently.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01657-00349803-00349903": "And this is the subject of", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01658-00349903-00350003": "Another talk.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01659-00350003-00350153": "[laughter] and not this talk", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01660-00350153-00350253": "Today.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01661-00350253-00350373": "And so, I mean, I think it is a", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01662-00350373-00350473": "Really interesting question", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01663-00350473-00350573": "Because we have to ask ourselves", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01664-00350573-00350794": "How do we make those rights real", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01665-00350794-00351193": "And meaningful in a world where", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01666-00351193-00351373": "Work itself is digitally", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01667-00351373-00351473": "Mediated.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01668-00351473-00351582": "sander levin: we had a", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01669-00351582-00351752": "Discussion on that yesterday.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01670-00351752-00352010": "That's how contemporary this", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01671-00352010-00352110": "Place is.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01672-00352110-00352349": "I think it was just yesterday", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01673-00352349-00352467": "Wasn't it?", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01674-00352467-00352724": "And the economy is changing so", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01675-00352724-00352824": "Fast.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01676-00352824-00352989": "So we need to ask questions.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01677-00352989-00353199": "By the way, universities are in", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01678-00353199-00353541": "The center of this rather", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01679-00353541-00353731": "Well-known institution on the", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01680-00353731-00354071": "East coast is very much involved", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01681-00354071-00354271": "In this very issue.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01682-00354271-00354573": "It isn't quite the same issue,", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01683-00354573-00354854": "But it's -- these are not", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01684-00354854-00355040": "Industrial workers, typically.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01685-00355040-00355319": "And it's going be even more so", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01686-00355319-00355733": "With, I mean, what uber's", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01687-00355733-00356025": "Facing, right.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01688-00356025-00356406": "So that could be controversial", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01689-00356406-00356545": "For another session.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01690-00356545-00356772": "audience member: taking a", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01691-00356772-00356896": "Step back and looking at", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01692-00356896-00357091": "History, there's the korea-us", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01693-00357091-00357199": "Trade agreement that lasted", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01694-00357199-00357322": "Nearly ten years.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01695-00357322-00357509": "Despite extensive input,", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01696-00357509-00357618": "Vetting, review and", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01697-00357618-00357963": "Congressional oversight, what is", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01698-00357963-00358107": "Wrong with the process that does", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01699-00358107-00358236": "Not take into account the", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01700-00358236-00358469": "Principal that both of you", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01701-00358469-00358589": "Present.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01702-00358589-00358727": "How can we alter the process to", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01703-00358727-00358914": "Get such comprehensive views on", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01704-00358914-00359014": "The table?", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01705-00359014-00359437": "sander levin: why don't you", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01706-00359437-00359608": "Answer that.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01707-00359608-00359708": "[ laughter ]", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01708-00359708-00360036": "I mean, the comprehensive", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01709-00360036-00360256": "Issues about the broader", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01710-00360256-00360509": "Relationship in which this is", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01711-00360509-00360609": "Embedded?", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01712-00360609-00360730": "It's not easy to answer that", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01713-00360730-00360830": "Succinctly.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01714-00360830-00361007": "But I will say that a part of", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01715-00361007-00361272": "It -- it's related to the points", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01716-00361272-00361440": "That my colleagues have made", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01717-00361440-00361677": "About multi-lateralism.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01718-00361677-00361854": "That it's difficult to imagine", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01719-00361854-00362069": "Even in a highly favorable", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01720-00362069-00362318": "Bilateral context of diplomacy", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01721-00362318-00362497": "To be effective in this space if", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01722-00362497-00362728": "The multi-lateral machinery is", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01723-00362728-00362872": "Broken.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01724-00362872-00362996": "Because as we all have mentioned", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01725-00362996-00363096": "In different points in the", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01726-00363096-00363729": "Conversation, most of the labor", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01727-00363729-00363882": "Operations that we're discussing", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01728-00363882-00364029": "Are for industries that are", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01729-00364029-00364199": "Quite easily movable.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01730-00364199-00364477": "And, therefore, will move if", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01731-00364477-00364728": "There are incentives to do that,", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01732-00364728-00364872": "To find cheaper labor with fewer", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01733-00364872-00365051": "Restrictions elsewhere.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01734-00365051-00365374": "So I think that this is -- I", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01735-00365374-00365592": "Guess where I would say to start", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01736-00365592-00365815": "Is to repair and strengthen", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01737-00365815-00366072": "Multi-lateral trade", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01738-00366072-00366172": "Institutions.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01739-00366172-00366393": "Because without that no sum of", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01740-00366393-00366582": "Effective bilateral diplomatic", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01741-00366582-00366770": "Engagements is likely to resolve", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01742-00366770-00366973": "This problem sustainably.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01743-00366973-00367249": "sander levin: we need to get", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01744-00367249-00367491": "Bilateral correct.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01745-00367491-00368212": "But to simply think we can go it", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01746-00368212-00368697": "Alone, that's another subject in", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01747-00368697-00368977": "A way.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01748-00368977-00369273": "audience member: has the", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01749-00369273-00369491": "Trade war between the u.S.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01750-00369491-00369591": "And", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01751-00369591-00369691": "China affected how labor", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01752-00369691-00369834": "Standards are enforced?", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01753-00369834-00370049": "Have any particular sectors", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01754-00370049-00370215": "Placed pressure in the", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01755-00370215-00370338": "Negotiating these deals?", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01756-00370338-00370561": "sander levin: I'll just say a", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01757-00370561-00370763": "Brief word about that.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01758-00370763-00371180": "Because when susan collins and I", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01759-00371180-00371444": "Put together our course trying", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01760-00371444-00371686": "To find two subjects which", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01761-00371686-00372068": "Showed the huge bridge that", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01762-00372068-00372311": "Needed to be built between", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01763-00372311-00372596": "Strong academic learning and the", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01764-00372596-00372918": "Challenges of implementing them,", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01765-00372918-00373206": "We took unemployment insurance", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01766-00373206-00373402": "That hasn't been reformed since", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01767-00373402-00373802": "Its beginning really, and china", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01768-00373802-00373902": "Pntr.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01769-00373902-00374097": "So, actually that could be a", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01770-00374097-00374305": "Very controversial issue for", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01771-00374305-00374705": "Those of who us worked on china", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01772-00374705-00375152": "Pntr and eventually help to", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01773-00375152-00375252": "Construct it.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01774-00375252-00375543": "It was more than controversial.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01775-00375543-00375756": "Labor issues were included but", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01776-00375756-00376172": "Only in terms of the database on", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01777-00376172-00376497": "Human rights, which is now the", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01778-00376497-00376950": "Strongest database that exists.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01779-00376950-00377200": "It included labor rights.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01780-00377200-00377346": "But you could ask a", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01781-00377346-00377680": "Controversial question: why are", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01782-00377680-00378167": "You so upset about labor rights", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01783-00378167-00378679": "In mexico when you redid usmca", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01784-00378679-00378870": "But not china?", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01785-00378870-00379064": "That's a legitimate issue,", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01786-00379064-00379164": "Right?", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01787-00379164-00379424": "And the answer I think is", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01788-00379424-00379801": "Multi-fold.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01789-00379801-00379936": "Number one.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01790-00379936-00380219": "As is true for china, there's a", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01791-00380219-00380702": "Direct impact of labor standards", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01792-00380702-00380924": "In mexico in terms of jobs in", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01793-00380924-00381210": "The united states.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01794-00381210-00381457": "And that's true as to china.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01795-00381457-00381765": "Finally, economists kind of got", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01796-00381765-00382005": "Off the couch and some of them", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01797-00382005-00382315": "Decided there were two to three", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01798-00382315-00382601": "Million jobs in this country", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01799-00382601-00382914": "Lost because of china's exports", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01800-00382914-00383060": "To the u.S.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01801-00383060-00383342": "They've been less willing to", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01802-00383342-00383674": "Cope with mexico though it had a", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01803-00383674-00383884": "Clear impact in terms of the", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01804-00383884-00384103": "Dual weight structure in the", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01805-00384103-00384256": "United states which we're just", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01806-00384256-00384519": "Beginning -- which is now being", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01807-00384519-00384619": "Modified.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01808-00384619-00385044": "So the honest answer is you take", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01809-00385044-00385363": "These step by step and where you", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01810-00385363-00385632": "Can really bring about change", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01811-00385632-00385745": "You do it.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01812-00385745-00386141": "As to china it was simply very", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01813-00386141-00386610": "Difficult to really get at their", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01814-00386610-00387169": "Labor practices through pntr.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01815-00387169-00387335": "There was no way to do it.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01816-00387335-00387671": "So, it is a really good question", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01817-00387671-00387855": "And it is the kind of", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01818-00387855-00387964": "Controversial issue that we", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01819-00387964-00388113": "Should all discuss.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01820-00388113-00388621": "So, I'll leave it at that and", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01821-00388621-00388917": "Someone may want to pick it up.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01822-00388917-00389285": "audience member: can you", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01823-00389285-00389551": "Speak to legislation or laws", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01824-00389551-00389725": "Which give individuals in unions", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01825-00389725-00390011": "The right not to pay dues?", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01826-00390011-00390253": "There's some state laws going", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01827-00390253-00390433": "Into that allow people to --", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01828-00390433-00390585": "sander levin: about what?", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01829-00390585-00390769": "audience member: the right to", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01830-00390769-00391026": "Work and the right for", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01831-00391026-00391161": "Individuals in the union to have", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01832-00391161-00391425": "The right not to pay dues.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01833-00391425-00391554": "They can be part of the new", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01834-00391554-00391786": "Union without paying dues.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01835-00391786-00391973": "sander levin: this relates to", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01836-00391973-00392128": "Right to work and dues paying.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01837-00392128-00392228": "bama Athreya: and also I", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01838-00392228-00392473": "Think the supreme court case as", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01839-00392473-00392573": "Well.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01840-00392573-00392721": "sander levin: maybe we should", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01841-00392721-00392927": "Leave that to another time.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01842-00392927-00393316": "I mean, it's related but it's --", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01843-00393316-00393570": "You can imagine how many of us", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01844-00393570-00393726": "Think how important it is.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01845-00393726-00394058": "But I think this is such a juicy", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01846-00394058-00394323": "Subject that we don't want to", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01847-00394323-00394488": "Throw in another orange.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01848-00394488-00394890": "audience member: all right.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01849-00394890-00395243": "Shifting gears a little bit.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01850-00395243-00395403": "Please comment on the role of", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01851-00395403-00395673": "Labor journalists and the", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01852-00395673-00395929": "Unionizing of media companies on", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01853-00395929-00396228": "The larger question of labor and", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01854-00396228-00396411": "Trade.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01855-00396411-00396616": "So what are the roles of labor", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01856-00396616-00396920": "Journalists and media companies", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01857-00396920-00397167": "On labor and trade?", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01858-00397167-00397588": "sander levin: key.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01859-00397588-00398090": "No, I mean, just look what's", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01860-00398090-00398272": "Going on as to labor and", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01861-00398272-00398446": "Everything else in this country", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01862-00398446-00398675": "Today.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01863-00398675-00398920": "And there's a worrisome erosion", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01864-00398920-00399152": "Of journalism in this country.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01865-00399152-00399308": "And that's again another subject", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01866-00399308-00399489": "For discussion.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01867-00399489-00399623": "Very worrisome.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01868-00399623-00399903": "I mean, it's journalists who", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01869-00399903-00400253": "Pick out, for example, the", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01870-00400253-00400515": "Issues to usmca.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01871-00400515-00400881": "Interestingly enough the best", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01872-00400881-00401111": "Journalism was done by some", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01873-00401111-00401548": "American reporters in mexico.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01874-00401548-00401722": "There really wasn't a very good", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01875-00401722-00402011": "Job done in my judgment.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01876-00402011-00402399": "But they're indispensable right.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01877-00402399-00402780": "And the closing of local", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01878-00402780-00402880": "News", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01879-00402880-00402998": "Newspapers.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01880-00402998-00403247": "So we can just leave", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01881-00403247-00403657": "It at that.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01882-00403657-00403931": "It's critical.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01883-00403931-00404404": "audience member: so climate", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01884-00404404-00404594": "Change has played a major factor", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01885-00404594-00404717": "In a lot of the developing", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01886-00404717-00404817": "Countries.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01887-00404817-00405005": "It's affecting them the most.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01888-00405005-00405169": "Now how does climate change", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01889-00405169-00405358": "Policy developing countries", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01890-00405358-00405530": "Affect the labor market, labor", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01891-00405530-00405895": "Laws and international trade?", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01892-00405895-00406339": "bama Athreya: these are all", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01893-00406339-00406528": "Such big questions.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01894-00406528-00406644": "So I always like to kind of", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01895-00406644-00406807": "Speak by example.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01896-00406807-00407089": "We do think there is a direct", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01897-00407089-00407467": "Relationship with -- I'm going", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01898-00407467-00407621": "To go to a direct example on", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01899-00407621-00407759": "This and that is bangladesh.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01900-00407759-00407977": "Bangladesh is is a country with", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01901-00407977-00408304": "An enormous coastline, has been", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01902-00408304-00408550": "Identified as highly vulnerable.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01903-00408550-00408882": "Highly vulnerable to climate", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01904-00408882-00409128": "Risk and rising sea levels.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01905-00409128-00409228": "And that will displace", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01906-00409228-00409444": "Increasing numbers of people.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01907-00409444-00409676": "We know already, right we can", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01908-00409676-00409971": "Forecast that that displacement", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01909-00409971-00410196": "Will then put additional", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01910-00410196-00410423": "Pressure on labor markets,", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01911-00410423-00410571": "Particularly urban labor markets", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01912-00410571-00410783": "As people migrate from", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01913-00410783-00411000": "Vulnerable regions to cities in", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01914-00411000-00411142": "Search of some kind of", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01915-00411142-00411331": "Livelihood, economic livelihood,", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01916-00411331-00411681": "Which in turn will likely", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01917-00411681-00411781": "Depress conditions in those", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01918-00411781-00411939": "Labor markets even further than", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01919-00411939-00412102": "They're already depressed.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01920-00412102-00412344": "And it's not obviously just", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01921-00412344-00412444": "Bang", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01922-00412444-00412544": "Bangladesh.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01923-00412544-00412644": "It just happens to be a very big", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01924-00412644-00412744": "Populous country.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01925-00412744-00412902": "It's like a petrie dish where", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01926-00412902-00413079": "You can see what's going to", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01927-00413079-00413179": "Happen.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01928-00413179-00413279": "Arguably you will see obviously", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01929-00413279-00413585": "Very different but related", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01930-00413585-00413872": "Impacts when you look at", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01931-00413872-00414110": "Vulnerable communities,", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01932-00414110-00414281": "Particularly coastal", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01933-00414281-00414431": "Communities, in a number of", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01934-00414431-00414581": "Developing countries --", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01935-00414581-00415054": "Sri lanka, coastal regions of", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01936-00415054-00415198": "India, indonesia, philippines.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01937-00415198-00415298": "We haven't even gotten to other", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01938-00415298-00415485": "Regions of the world yet.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01939-00415485-00415685": "And, you know, governments know", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01940-00415685-00415785": "This.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01941-00415785-00415885": "And they know they're already", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01942-00415885-00416000": "Having to start to adapt to", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01943-00416000-00416568": "Shifting their approach -- their", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01944-00416568-00416892": "Urban policy and urbanization.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01945-00416892-00417038": "Because they can see that", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01946-00417038-00417138": "They're going to have to deal", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01947-00417138-00417283": "With increasing waves of what", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01948-00417283-00417463": "We'll call climate refugees.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01949-00417463-00417640": "I would argue we're not paying", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01950-00417640-00417796": "Enough attention to climate", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01951-00417796-00417917": "Refugees as a cross board of", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01952-00417917-00418017": "Phenomenon.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01953-00418017-00418117": "We haven't talked except for a", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01954-00418117-00418231": "Little bit about migrant", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01955-00418231-00418565": "Workers.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01956-00418565-00418665": "Most migrants in the", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01957-00418665-00418825": "World are economic migrants.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01958-00418825-00419127": "They're looking for jobs.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01959-00419127-00419427": "They have been on the rise and", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01960-00419427-00419581": "Really exponentially on the rise", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01961-00419581-00419760": "Over the past decade.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01962-00419760-00419968": "People moving across borders,", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01963-00419968-00420137": "You know, in search of economic", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01964-00420137-00420250": "Opportunity.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01965-00420250-00420718": "With the changes, again, and", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01966-00420718-00420901": "Vulnerabilities and risk to", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01967-00420901-00421085": "Communities posed by climate", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01968-00421085-00421185": "Change you're going to see", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01969-00421185-00421329": "Increasing levels of migration.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01970-00421329-00421429": "We're going have to deal with", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01971-00421429-00421639": "That as a labor market issue.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01972-00421639-00421807": "So, we're kind of off trade all", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01973-00421807-00421907": "Together now.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01974-00421907-00422007": "So, again, you know, lots of", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01975-00422007-00422118": "Good topics coming up in these", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01976-00422118-00422314": "Questions for future lectures", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01977-00422314-00422443": "But I think we need to think", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01978-00422443-00422555": "About and we haven't talked", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01979-00422555-00422853": "About what we are doing to", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01980-00422853-00423093": "Manage migration flows.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01981-00423093-00423193": "And I mean manage.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01982-00423193-00423528": "I don't mean sort of -- we're", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01983-00423528-00423643": "Not talking about keeping people", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01984-00423643-00423743": "Out.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01985-00423743-00423843": "We're talking about the fact", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01986-00423843-00423946": "That people are moving.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01987-00423946-00424071": "Goods move, services move.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01988-00424071-00424205": "We have trade agreements.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01989-00424205-00424321": "Let's have sensible migration", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01990-00424321-00424550": "Agreements in place.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01991-00424550-00424968": "audience member: this", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01992-00424968-00425100": "Question pertains to technology", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01993-00425100-00425335": "And labor enforcement.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01994-00425335-00425485": "With the growing popularity of", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01995-00425485-00425689": "Using predictive analytics to", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01996-00425689-00425879": "Proactively enforce crimes in", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01997-00425879-00426010": "Various u.S.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01998-00426010-00426110": "Cities, can this", "nPJl1iVSLA0-01999-00426110-00426243": "Technology be applied to", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02000-00426243-00426455": "Enforcing labor violations at", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02001-00426455-00426676": "Least in high income eocd", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02002-00426676-00426776": "Countries?", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02003-00426776-00426964": "Do you see any drawbacks to this", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02004-00426964-00427113": "Enforcement approach?", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02005-00427113-00427292": "bama Athreya: I'm all over", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02006-00427292-00427414": "This question because this was", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02007-00427414-00427634": "Some of the experimentation that", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02008-00427634-00427803": "I got to, you know, had the", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02009-00427803-00427903": "Great plashir of being --", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02010-00427903-00428003": "Pleasure with being involved", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02011-00428003-00428227": "With as my role at usa id.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02012-00428227-00428613": "We were actually interested in", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02013-00428613-00428893": "Highly vulnerable and invisible", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02014-00428893-00429139": "Populations of workers that we", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02015-00429139-00429342": "Knew were at risk of very", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02016-00429342-00429538": "Serious violations.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02017-00429538-00429664": "And one of my personal", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02018-00429664-00429957": "Obsessions was the young men and", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02019-00429957-00430232": "Boys who work on fishing vessels", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02020-00430232-00430514": "Around the world and who have", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02021-00430514-00430868": "Now been documented to, you", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02022-00430868-00431093": "Know, by a number of excellent", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02023-00431093-00431409": "Journalists to basically be", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02024-00431409-00431537": "Slaves at sea.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02025-00431537-00431714": "They're enslaved on fishing", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02026-00431714-00431820": "Vessels around the world.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02027-00431820-00432057": "Many are migrants from very poor", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02028-00432057-00432164": "Countries.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02029-00432164-00432264": "Once they're on the vessels", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02030-00432264-00432417": "They're not able to get off.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02031-00432417-00432666": "We knew they were off the grid,", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02032-00432666-00432828": "No labor inspectors could reach", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02033-00432828-00432928": "Them.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02034-00432928-00433100": "And and they were suffering", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02035-00433100-00433268": "Egregious labor and human rights", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02036-00433268-00433371": "Violations.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02037-00433371-00433596": "So we were extremely", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02038-00433596-00433944": "Interested in what could be done", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02039-00433944-00434096": "With technology given that there", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02040-00434096-00434207": "Was no other way to get eyes and", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02041-00434207-00434443": "Ears and access to these young", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02042-00434443-00434578": "Men and boys.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02043-00434578-00434801": "So we invested and we were not", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02044-00434801-00434930": "The only ones but there were", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02045-00434930-00435051": "Sort of a number of us that were", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02046-00435051-00435160": "Seized with this question of", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02047-00435160-00435356": "Whether we could use some", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02048-00435356-00435959": "Combination of vessel monitoring", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02049-00435959-00436222": "Technology and satellite", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02050-00436222-00436476": "Technology to triangulate and", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02051-00436476-00437007": "Identify where crew were most at", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02052-00437007-00437107": "Risk.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02053-00437107-00437276": "So, that given limited resources", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02054-00437276-00437447": "In the world, you could better", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02055-00437447-00437738": "Pinpoint and get the resources", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02056-00437738-00437968": "That you do have to the people", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02057-00437968-00438262": "Who are most likely to be at", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02058-00438262-00438362": "Risk.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02059-00438362-00438551": "You know, the jury is still out.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02060-00438551-00438651": "Investments have been made.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02061-00438651-00438755": "I think it will be interesting", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02062-00438755-00438868": "To see what comes of them.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02063-00438868-00439021": "I actually, you know, we can", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02064-00439021-00439203": "Talk more about this but, you", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02065-00439203-00439378": "Know, I think this is an area", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02066-00439378-00439485": "Where there's promise and", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02067-00439485-00439653": "There's peril.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02068-00439653-00439793": "And the promise again is really", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02069-00439793-00439950": "Finding people who are otherwise", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02070-00439950-00440184": "Completely invisible and making", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02071-00440184-00440333": "Them visible.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02072-00440333-00440635": "The peril has to do with, you", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02073-00440635-00440836": "Know, as subject that I think", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02074-00440836-00441005": "More of us are becoming", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02075-00441005-00441138": "Increasingly aware of and that", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02076-00441138-00441453": "Is the nature of surveillance", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02077-00441453-00441659": "Technology and the information", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02078-00441659-00441930": "It captures that should be", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02079-00441930-00442078": "Protected private information.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02080-00442078-00442203": "So this has come up even with", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02081-00442203-00442346": "Respect to some of the things", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02082-00442346-00442678": "We've done to keep crews safe on", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02083-00442678-00442846": "Vessels in southeast asia.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02084-00442846-00443051": "Things like using biometric I.D.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02085-00443051-00443218": "On crew so we know who has", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02086-00443218-00443319": "Gotten on the boat, who's gotten", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02087-00443319-00443419": "Off the boat.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02088-00443419-00443530": "It's been pointed out there's", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02089-00443530-00443703": "Really serious privacy", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02090-00443703-00443867": "Considerations.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02091-00443867-00443978": "And potential violations and", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02092-00443978-00444259": "Abuses of the data that has been", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02093-00444259-00444580": "Collected by governments for the", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02094-00444580-00444718": "Purposes of keeping crews safe", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02095-00444718-00444934": "But anything, you know, sort of", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02096-00444934-00445092": "Can be used and subverted.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02097-00445092-00445326": "So that's I think a short answer", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02098-00445326-00445426": "To the question.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02099-00445426-00445526": "Obviously I've got a lot more to", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02100-00445526-00445822": "Say on this but it's an", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02101-00445822-00445922": "Interesting question.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02102-00445922-00446022": "sander levin: you know, it's", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02103-00446022-00446151": "More just briefly than", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02104-00446151-00446437": "Technology.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02105-00446437-00446769": "Because in many countries I know", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02106-00446769-00446988": "Somewhat first-hand about those", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02107-00446988-00447396": "Who leave nepal.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02108-00447396-00447728": "Their passports are taken.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02109-00447728-00448312": "They're just taken.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02110-00448312-00448656": "And so we need -- that's why", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02111-00448656-00448853": "There also needs to be a", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02112-00448853-00449179": "Multi-lateral structure relating", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02113-00449179-00449432": "To these problems.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02114-00449432-00449688": "Can you imagine going to work", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02115-00449688-00449869": "And having your passport taken", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02116-00449869-00450209": "So you can't leave?", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02117-00450209-00450406": "It happens all the time in many", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02118-00450406-00450681": "Countries.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02119-00450681-00451360": "In thailand, in other eastern", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02120-00451360-00451460": "Economies.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02121-00451460-00451565": "bama Athreya: and just to", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02122-00451565-00451771": "Make one more point to link it", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02123-00451771-00451871": "Back.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02124-00451871-00451971": "So, completely agree that you", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02125-00451971-00452132": "Can't just have, you know, tools", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02126-00452132-00452307": "Are just tools you also need", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02127-00452307-00452538": "Systems in place that protect", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02128-00452538-00452638": "People.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02129-00452638-00452784": "But just to tie this back to", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02130-00452784-00452884": "Trade.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02131-00452884-00453018": "That particular -- this", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02132-00453018-00453275": "Particular case of thailand", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02133-00453275-00453807": "Improving systems to, you know,", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02134-00453807-00453907": "There's a long way to go but at", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02135-00453907-00454153": "Least track crew that are", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02136-00454153-00454584": "Getting on boats in thai ports", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02137-00454584-00454796": "Happened at all because the eu,", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02138-00454796-00454934": "The european union, brought a", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02139-00454934-00455210": "Trade case against thailand.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02140-00455210-00455397": "And so it's just, you know,", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02141-00455397-00455618": "Linking it all back together.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02142-00455618-00455746": "Some of these little things that", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02143-00455746-00455909": "We might think are good ideas,", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02144-00455909-00456009": "You still need to create the", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02145-00456009-00456226": "Political space for them to be", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02146-00456226-00456326": "Adopted as well.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02147-00456326-00456538": "And trade in that case, you", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02148-00456538-00456679": "Know, trade scrutiny did that.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02149-00456679-00456821": "moderator: let's take one", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02150-00456821-00456928": "More question then we'll invite", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02151-00456928-00457056": "To you continue the conversation", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02152-00457056-00457156": "Outside.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02153-00457156-00457259": "audience member: this is", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02154-00457259-00457613": "Respect to the beginning of the", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02155-00457613-00457713": "Conversation.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02156-00457713-00457818": "How far do we know to impose", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02157-00457818-00458035": "Standards that we accept but are", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02158-00458035-00458235": "Beyond the economic capabilities", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02159-00458235-00458501": "Of the partner country?", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02160-00458501-00458626": "Basic standards such as osha may", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02161-00458626-00458905": "Force cultural obstacles.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02162-00458905-00459013": "How do we develop a mutually", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02163-00459013-00459157": "Acceptable levelling up", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02164-00459157-00459257": "Strategy?", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02165-00459257-00459514": "sander levin: so how far do", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02166-00459514-00460003": "We go?", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02167-00460003-00460251": "You know, in terms of labor,", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02168-00460251-00460521": "There's so much", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02169-00460521-00460803": "Misunderstanding.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02170-00460803-00461032": "It isn't for us to determine the", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02171-00461032-00461389": "Specific wage.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02172-00461389-00461564": "It's to make sure there's a free", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02173-00461564-00461894": "Labor market.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02174-00461894-00461994": "And there's often a", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02175-00461994-00462235": "Misunderstanding of that.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02176-00462235-00462459": "There is no free labor market in", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02177-00462459-00462559": "Mexico.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02178-00462559-00462693": "They now have a progressive", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02179-00462693-00462907": "Government that needs to face up", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02180-00462907-00463146": "To that.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02181-00463146-00463307": "They're increasing the minimum", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02182-00463307-00463823": "Wage I think to $0.90 an hour.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02183-00463823-00464197": "That's an improvement.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02184-00464197-00464730": "But we need to be honest with", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02185-00464730-00464907": "Ourselves and honest with", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02186-00464907-00465021": "Others.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02187-00465021-00465284": "Essentially in that case, if I", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02188-00465284-00465500": "Might use it, it is a question", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02189-00465500-00465796": "Of our neighbor which is a", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02190-00465796-00465997": "Democracy now with a progressive", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02191-00465997-00466353": "Government, making sure that", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02192-00466353-00466683": "There is a free democratic labor", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02193-00466683-00466783": "Market.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02194-00466783-00467329": "So it can then lift up.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02195-00467329-00467525": "It's setting the conditions.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02196-00467525-00467746": "And the same is true of all", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02197-00467746-00467866": "Human rights, right.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02198-00467866-00468126": "It isn't a matter of our", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02199-00468126-00468485": "Dictating the results.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02200-00468485-00468916": "It's ensuring the opportunities.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02201-00468916-00469289": "And that's a very american idea", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02202-00469289-00469432": "Isn't it?", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02203-00469432-00469976": "That is a very american idea.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02204-00469976-00470218": "That's kind of what our country", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02205-00470218-00470473": "Is all about, right?", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02206-00470473-00470632": "It isn't results.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02207-00470632-00471101": "It's opportunity that can affect", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02208-00471101-00471201": "The results.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02209-00471201-00471301": "And that's really what this", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02210-00471301-00471492": "Issue is all about.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02211-00471492-00471943": "So those who misdescribe it, no", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02212-00471943-00472205": "One expects the garment workers", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02213-00472205-00472619": "In bangladesh to be making 5, 6,", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02214-00472619-00472813": "$7 an hour when they're making", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02215-00472813-00473205": "$1 an hour now, it's providing", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02216-00473205-00473592": "The tools for people to utilize.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02217-00473592-00474185": "And it's so american -- it's so", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02218-00474185-00474571": "Much a part of our creed that we", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02219-00474571-00474878": "Need to simply be very, very", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02220-00474878-00475150": "Clear cut about what's at stake", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02221-00475150-00475353": "Here.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02222-00475353-00475513": "And I don't know if we're ending", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02223-00475513-00475931": "But, I mean, we should be proud", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02224-00475931-00476135": "Of what's happened in this", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02225-00476135-00476343": "Country that helped create the", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02226-00476343-00476627": "Middle-class.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02227-00476627-00476768": "It was a free labor market", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02228-00476768-00477043": "Wasn't it?", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02229-00477043-00477814": "And so that's really -- and now", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02230-00477814-00478124": "In cambodia, I mean, there's a", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02231-00478124-00478308": "Dictator who is destroying the", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02232-00478308-00478425": "Labor movement.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02233-00478425-00478640": "When I was there it was", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02234-00478640-00478826": "Abominable.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02235-00478826-00479303": "And in vietnam when we were", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02236-00479303-00479671": "Negotiating tpp, all we said to", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02237-00479671-00480105": "The obama administration was:", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02238-00480105-00480484": "Just insist that vietnam move", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02239-00480484-00480672": "Towards a free labor market.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02240-00480672-00481042": "And when I went to australia and", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02241-00481042-00481277": "Met with the negotiator, he said", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02242-00481277-00481481": "To me, there will never be an", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02243-00481481-00481780": "Independent union in vietnam.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02244-00481780-00482242": "So, and they had thrown in jail", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02245-00482242-00482496": "Two people we med one there who", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02246-00482496-00482830": "Had been in jail for four years", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02247-00482830-00482930": "For trying to form an", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02248-00482930-00483259": "Independent union.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02249-00483259-00483467": "But we needed to be is very", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02250-00483467-00483725": "Clear cut.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02251-00483725-00484167": "There had to be real change as a", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02252-00484167-00484469": "Condition in terms of", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02253-00484469-00484598": "Opportunity and in terms of", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02254-00484598-00484713": "Structure.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02255-00484713-00485322": "So, it is a good question and in", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02256-00485322-00485551": "A sense it isn't simple to", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02257-00485551-00485738": "Implement it but it's simple to", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02258-00485738-00486142": "State it.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02259-00486142-00486363": "And we need to be clear about", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02260-00486363-00486464": "That.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02261-00486464-00486842": "And it relates to kind of", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02262-00486842-00487012": "Everything.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02263-00487012-00487182": "You are getting me carried away.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02264-00487182-00487442": "I met armstrong sushi when we", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02265-00487442-00487582": "Went there.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02266-00487582-00487996": "And what a disappointment right.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02267-00487996-00488407": "So, now you have how many", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02268-00488407-00488632": "Millions, hundreds of thousands", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02269-00488632-00489004": "Of people who have lost their", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02270-00489004-00489104": "Fre", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02271-00489104-00489204": "Freedom.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02272-00489204-00489622": "And the freedom to organize in", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02273-00489622-00489805": "Simple terms helped make the", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02274-00489805-00490234": "Middle-class of this country.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02275-00490234-00490663": "We should be damn proud of it.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02276-00490663-00491001": "And proud to incorporate it into", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02277-00491001-00491351": "A realistic way in what we", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02278-00491351-00491467": "Propose.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02279-00491467-00491617": "moderator: thank you.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02280-00491617-00491879": "That's a very nice closing", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02281-00491879-00491979": "Comment.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02282-00491979-00492079": "And let's thank the towsley", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02283-00492079-00492246": "Foundation, the weiser family", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02284-00492246-00492410": "And, of course, our speakers,", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02285-00492410-00492583": "Dr. Bama Athreya and our own", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02286-00492583-00492683": "Professor Sandy Levin.", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02287-00492683-00492783": "[applause]", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02288-00492783-00492883": "Now please feel free to continue", "nPJl1iVSLA0-02289-00492883-00492883": "The conversation outside."}}, {"audio_id": "nPJFVzSwoO4", "text": {"nPJFVzSwoO4-00000-00000008-00000334": "There are a lot of people around", "nPJFVzSwoO4-00001-00000334-00000597": "But I won't be there", "nPJFVzSwoO4-00002-00000597-00000687": "I want", "nPJFVzSwoO4-00003-00000687-00000785": "to you", "nPJFVzSwoO4-00004-00000785-00000910": "felt", "nPJFVzSwoO4-00005-00000910-00001059": "what does it feel like", "nPJFVzSwoO4-00006-00001059-00001309": "There are a lot of people around", "nPJFVzSwoO4-00007-00001309-00001570": "But I won't be there", "nPJFVzSwoO4-00008-00001570-00001671": "I want", "nPJFVzSwoO4-00009-00001671-00001774": "to you", "nPJFVzSwoO4-00010-00001774-00001896": "felt", "nPJFVzSwoO4-00011-00001896-00002016": "what does it feel like"}}, {"audio_id": "nPLkdlTBhoA", "text": {"nPLkdlTBhoA-00000-00000789-00001395": "Warzone Quads Torunament"}}, {"audio_id": "nPMp1YszRzM", "text": {"nPMp1YszRzM-00000-00000120-00000323": "hi guys it's Gen", "nPMp1YszRzM-00001-00000323-00000967": "today, I will be sharing to you the first day of our wedding anniversary road trip in Norway", "nPMp1YszRzM-00002-00000967-00001176": "back in 2021", "nPMp1YszRzM-00003-00001176-00001423": "since we live in Stavanger,", "nPMp1YszRzM-00004-00001423-00001770": "we took the ferry from Mortavika to Arsvågen", "nPMp1YszRzM-00005-00001884-00002133": "we had a short stop in Odda,", "nPMp1YszRzM-00006-00002133-00002779": "Odda is known by tourists worldwide for its proximity to the Trolltunga hike", "nPMp1YszRzM-00007-00002779-00003102": "it is situated at the head of Sørfjord", "nPMp1YszRzM-00008-00003102-00003432": "a fjord arm of the famous Hardangerfjord", "nPMp1YszRzM-00009-00003528-00003714": "Oddaa is the perfect base", "nPMp1YszRzM-00010-00003714-00004272": "for those who wants to explore the wild and beautiful nature in the Hardangerfjord area", "nPMp1YszRzM-00011-00004506-00004875": "from Odda, we continued driving towards Ulvik,", "nPMp1YszRzM-00012-00004875-00005235": "Ulvik is a beautiful village by the fjord", "nPMp1YszRzM-00013-00005235-00005597": "situated at the inner part of Hardangerfjorden", "nPMp1YszRzM-00014-00005597-00005864": "and is surrounded by high mountains", "nPMp1YszRzM-00015-00005864-00006037": "and beautiful landscapes", "nPMp1YszRzM-00016-00006037-00006398": "we stayed at Brakanes Hotel", "nPMp1YszRzM-00017-00006398-00006698": "one of the historic hotels in Norway", "nPMp1YszRzM-00018-00006698-00007333": "we are going to have a room tour here in Brakanes Hotel in Ulvik", "nPMp1YszRzM-00019-00007333-00007512": "so let's go", "nPMp1YszRzM-00020-00007722-00008125": "so this is our room guys", "nPMp1YszRzM-00021-00008125-00008491": "we have the fjord suite", "nPMp1YszRzM-00022-00008491-00008742": "we got a view of the fjord we have a", "nPMp1YszRzM-00023-00008826-00009042": "our own mini balcony there", "nPMp1YszRzM-00024-00009042-00009631": "and we have here also place to hang our clothes", "nPMp1YszRzM-00025-00009631-00010453": "here is the bed and of course we have the view of the fjord", "nPMp1YszRzM-00026-00010453-00010884": "here is a view of the fjord guys look", "nPMp1YszRzM-00027-00011220-00011574": "it's been a long day and time to feel our stomach", "nPMp1YszRzM-00028-00011574-00011892": "the food was delicious and tasty", "nPMp1YszRzM-00029-00012114-00012402": "then my husband challenged me to swim", "nPMp1YszRzM-00030-00012510-00012798": "during my half a decade stay here in Norway", "nPMp1YszRzM-00031-00012798-00013074": "I have never tried swimming in the Fjord", "nPMp1YszRzM-00032-00013506-00013863": "hey guys so I can't believe that I swam", "nPMp1YszRzM-00033-00013863-00014135": "finally after many years", "nPMp1YszRzM-00034-00014135-00014327": "it's cold but it's good", "nPMp1YszRzM-00035-00014327-00014923": "and yeah it's good to swim in and it's not salty guys", "nPMp1YszRzM-00036-00014923-00015266": "there's a little bit taste of salt but not much", "nPMp1YszRzM-00037-00015266-00015654": "time check it's  10 in the evening", "nPMp1YszRzM-00038-00015654-00015908": "and almost no wind", "nPMp1YszRzM-00039-00015908-00016173": "the weather is nice", "nPMp1YszRzM-00040-00016173-00016636": "the next morning we had a short walk around the village", "nPMp1YszRzM-00041-00016636-00016873": "before driving onwards to Balestrand", "nPMp1YszRzM-00042-00016873-00017154": "which will be on my next vlog", "nPMp1YszRzM-00043-00017214-00017748": "I hope you enjoyed watching this video and please consider subscribing bye", "nPMp1YszRzM-00044-00018000-00018050": "thank you"}}, {"audio_id": "nPMEXOmBxVU", "text": {"nPMEXOmBxVU-00000-00000032-00000588": "Hello I'm Neil, I’m the Tightwad Dad - every day I try to make a video about being happy", "nPMEXOmBxVU-00001-00000588-00000850": "with the stuff that we've already got.", "nPMEXOmBxVU-00002-00000850-00000963": "Today?", "nPMEXOmBxVU-00003-00000963-00001663": "Today's vlog is about this - it's the gofriend micro SD card storage case.", "nPMEXOmBxVU-00004-00001663-00002451": "It involved spending money but it's to help me enjoy my SD cards and micro SD cards and", "nPMEXOmBxVU-00005-00002451-00003011": "to keep them safe so that when I'm shooting material on video like this I've got somewhere", "nPMEXOmBxVU-00006-00003011-00003448": "to to keep it when it's not in my GoPro camera.", "nPMEXOmBxVU-00007-00003448-00004121": "So this is how the gofriend micro SD card and SD card holder arrives", "nPMEXOmBxVU-00008-00004121-00004556": "I can never pronounce this is it carabineer carabinier clip?", "nPMEXOmBxVU-00009-00004556-00005316": "Oh look at this there is a micro SD card adapter!", "nPMEXOmBxVU-00010-00005316-00006032": "I always need one of these - it says 512GB - that can't be right that must be about how", "nPMEXOmBxVU-00011-00006032-00006223": "big a card it can hold.", "nPMEXOmBxVU-00012-00006223-00006364": "It's cheeky isn't it?", "nPMEXOmBxVU-00013-00006364-00006464": "Saying it's got that?", "nPMEXOmBxVU-00014-00006464-00006859": "That’s a nice a nice genuine surprise and this is the case itself", "nPMEXOmBxVU-00015-00006859-00007345": "On the pictures it looks green but this is actually yellow in real life and there’s", "nPMEXOmBxVU-00016-00007345-00008072": "a big chunky clip on the side if I flip that open that's easy to open and oh we have two", "nPMEXOmBxVU-00017-00008072-00008825": "four six eight ten twelve slots for the micro SD cards that seem to think to push in like", "nPMEXOmBxVU-00018-00008825-00008925": "this.", "nPMEXOmBxVU-00019-00008925-00009417": "It’s like a lip on the left hand side - maybe we should do it so that the chunky bit of", "nPMEXOmBxVU-00020-00009417-00009829": "the card is at the top - there we go - that presses in all really nicely.", "nPMEXOmBxVU-00021-00009829-00010463": "So you've got to tuck it in to that tongue on the left-hand side and then on top of that", "nPMEXOmBxVU-00022-00010463-00011135": "you could also either put the case for the micro SD card adapter or obviously a micro", "nPMEXOmBxVU-00023-00011135-00011967": "SD card itself... or the way I do it is to store the micro SD card in its own adaptor", "nPMEXOmBxVU-00024-00011967-00012586": "and I number that adapter along with a number for the micro SD card inside", "nPMEXOmBxVU-00025-00012586-00013352": "So that is how the case looks - let me show you how I store my micro SD cards and why", "nPMEXOmBxVU-00026-00013352-00013677": "this is trying to be more happy with what I've got", "nPMEXOmBxVU-00027-00013677-00014372": "Basically I store my micro SD cards loose at the moment in a hard drive case", "nPMEXOmBxVU-00028-00014372-00015135": "So now I can finally empty these out and do my Rain Man strength arrangements", "nPMEXOmBxVU-00029-00015135-00015962": "I shoot-- take this -- I shoot all my vlogs on a GoPro but it means I get through a lot", "nPMEXOmBxVU-00030-00015962-00016702": "of micro SD cards, and I try to rotate them There we go that is so much neater than cramming", "nPMEXOmBxVU-00031-00016702-00017368": "it all in all in my hard drive holder that got another adapter that could go down there", "nPMEXOmBxVU-00032-00017368-00017592": "maybe that's so much more organized.", "nPMEXOmBxVU-00033-00017592-00018225": "I've got a little crib sheet just to remind me what's on each card before I go wiping", "nPMEXOmBxVU-00034-00018225-00018325": "them.", "nPMEXOmBxVU-00035-00018325-00018949": "And there we go that is my micro SD card storage solution.", "nPMEXOmBxVU-00036-00018949-00020062": "It's a hard plastic case and the inside - it's like a very stiff but flexible foam - it's", "nPMEXOmBxVU-00037-00020062-00020431": "waterproof shockproof hopefully tightwad dad proof", "nPMEXOmBxVU-00038-00020431-00021000": "I hope this video has helped and I hope you find a storage solution for your microSD cards", "nPMEXOmBxVU-00039-00021000-00021539": "- if you have experience of this case or maybe you have an even better solution, leave it", "nPMEXOmBxVU-00040-00021539-00021820": "in the comments below it'd be lovely to hear from you", "nPMEXOmBxVU-00041-00021820-00022190": "It would be great if someone could show that they got to this point of the video just click", "nPMEXOmBxVU-00042-00022190-00022647": "on the thumbs up then I'll know there's someone actually watched the video all the way through", "nPMEXOmBxVU-00043-00022647-00023204": "Also you never have to watch any of my videos ever again but if you hit the subscribe button", "nPMEXOmBxVU-00044-00023204-00023973": "it would help us get closer to 1000 subscribers when YouTube might rain down coin upon us", "nPMEXOmBxVU-00045-00023973-00024529": "I don’t think they will, but if you can help us get closer to 1000 subscribers that'd", "nPMEXOmBxVU-00046-00024529-00024787": "be awesome thanks for watching and hope this helps", "nPMEXOmBxVU-00047-00024787-00025506": "Can you please help my daddy get 1000 subscribers just click on this face, thanks bye!", "nPMEXOmBxVU-00048-00025506-00025595": "How's that?"}}, {"audio_id": "nQpq3nvnARQ", "text": {"nQpq3nvnARQ-00000-00000064-00000096": "Hi.", "nQpq3nvnARQ-00001-00000096-00000184": "Chris Potts here.", "nQpq3nvnARQ-00002-00000184-00000568": "This short screencast does a very brief walk-through of the small reader I put", "nQpq3nvnARQ-00003-00000568-00000856": "together called 'Perspectives on meaning and interpretation'.", "nQpq3nvnARQ-00004-00000936-00001312": "The reader offers some excerpts from our Partee reading and a few others,", "nQpq3nvnARQ-00005-00001312-00001632": "and I stitched those pieces together with some prose of my own.", "nQpq3nvnARQ-00006-00001632-00002096": "So I think the reader can mostly stand on its own, but it's new for me this year, and so I", "nQpq3nvnARQ-00007-00002096-00002528": "started to feel a bit unsure, and that led me to think that some commentary about it wouldn't hurt.", "nQpq3nvnARQ-00008-00002656-00003008": "So, the core questions for this reader are given in the Overview section here.", "nQpq3nvnARQ-00009-00003008-00003432": "We're thinking here about the interpretation function -- these doubled brackets -- and we", "nQpq3nvnARQ-00010-00003432-00003920": "want to ask two foundational, and, dare I say, philosophical, questions about this function.", "nQpq3nvnARQ-00011-00003920-00004079": "First, what are meanings?", "nQpq3nvnARQ-00012-00004079-00004440": "That is, what comes out of this function when we feed language into it?", "nQpq3nvnARQ-00013-00004536-00004776": "Second, what's the nature of the connection that we're", "nQpq3nvnARQ-00014-00004776-00005104": "making between forms and meanings with this interpretation function?", "nQpq3nvnARQ-00015-00005192-00005576": "It's actually pretty easy to take a lot of semantics classes without ever", "nQpq3nvnARQ-00016-00005576-00005784": "asking these questions in a serious way.", "nQpq3nvnARQ-00017-00005840-00006088": "Now, to some extent, I suppose that's defensible.", "nQpq3nvnARQ-00018-00006088-00006576": "After all, when you take a math class, it's not like they spend time discussing what numbers are.", "nQpq3nvnARQ-00019-00006576-00006904": "They just dive into doing math, and they generally leave the conceptual", "nQpq3nvnARQ-00020-00006904-00007336": "and metaphysical question of what numbers are to the philosophers,", "nQpq3nvnARQ-00021-00007336-00007695": "to the philosophy of math, or to a meta-mathematics class, or something,", "nQpq3nvnARQ-00022-00007792-00008304": "And to some extent we can do a similar thing, if we wish, for these core questions.", "nQpq3nvnARQ-00023-00008304-00008712": "We can side-step them and just get down to exploring linguistic phenomena", "nQpq3nvnARQ-00024-00008712-00009016": "and trying to build theories that support testable predictions.", "nQpq3nvnARQ-00025-00009112-00009304": "But that doesn't feel totally right to me.", "nQpq3nvnARQ-00026-00009304-00009736": "I feel we'd do well to think seriously about these conceptual questions a bit,", "nQpq3nvnARQ-00027-00009800-00010224": "since I think it might actually affect what we explore, the questions we ask,", "nQpq3nvnARQ-00028-00010224-00010488": "and what we think results in the field should look like.", "nQpq3nvnARQ-00029-00010552-00010696": "So let's give into that.", "nQpq3nvnARQ-00030-00010696-00010936": "In section 2, we encounter our first excerpt.", "nQpq3nvnARQ-00031-00010936-00011224": "It's from the Partee reading that you're doing in parallel to this,", "nQpq3nvnARQ-00032-00011280-00011600": "and it explicitly takes the position that we should side-step", "nQpq3nvnARQ-00033-00011600-00011896": "our two big questions and get down to work, at least on my reading.", "nQpq3nvnARQ-00034-00011968-00012192": "It does substantiate this a bit, though,", "nQpq3nvnARQ-00035-00012192-00012680": "with this piece called Lewis's Advice and a second principle called Cresswell's Principle.", "nQpq3nvnARQ-00036-00012760-00013240": "Together, these map out a theory in which we're going to use sets and functions to model truth", "nQpq3nvnARQ-00037-00013240-00013800": "conditions, and truth conditions will taken to be major components of the theory of meaning.", "nQpq3nvnARQ-00038-00013904-00014160": "So I'll let you study this in detail.", "nQpq3nvnARQ-00039-00014160-00014296": "Two bits of advice, though:", "nQpq3nvnARQ-00040-00014296-00014832": "First, thinking carefully about Cresswell's Principle is crucial for Assignment 1,", "nQpq3nvnARQ-00041-00014888-00015328": "and what you'll really want to have in mind what it says about truth", "nQpq3nvnARQ-00042-00015328-00015791": "conditions as important to meaning but not necessarily all there is to meaning.", "nQpq3nvnARQ-00043-00015936-00016160": "Okay, but here' the crux of this.", "nQpq3nvnARQ-00044-00016160-00016480": "We have all this talk of truth -- what do we mean by truth?", "nQpq3nvnARQ-00045-00016576-00017160": "Again, Partee is taking a stance that says we needn't get too worried what we mean by truth.", "nQpq3nvnARQ-00046-00017224-00017768": "But still, in adopting Cresswell's Principle, and putting truth conditions in a spotlight,", "nQpq3nvnARQ-00047-00017768-00017992": "we seem to be saying that the real world -- some", "nQpq3nvnARQ-00048-00017992-00018384": "notion of objective reality -- is what meanings are in some sense.", "nQpq3nvnARQ-00049-00018384-00018648": "Because surely that's what truth is defined with respect to.", "nQpq3nvnARQ-00050-00018816-00019304": "Now, in the next section, 'Extensions and intensions', we problematize this notion a bit.", "nQpq3nvnARQ-00051-00019368-00019648": "We can't limit ourselves to the actual world.", "nQpq3nvnARQ-00052-00019648-00019800": "To our reality.", "nQpq3nvnARQ-00053-00019800-00020408": "We need to think about hypothetical realities -- what people call \"possible worlds\" and", "nQpq3nvnARQ-00054-00020408-00020976": "what are actually meant to be entirely separate universes with no causal connections to our own.", "nQpq3nvnARQ-00055-00021120-00021600": "Still, though, this is a kind of realist theory, even if the realities are hypothetical.", "nQpq3nvnARQ-00056-00021600-00021896": "On this view, meanings aren't in the head, for sure.", "nQpq3nvnARQ-00057-00022032-00022168": "That brings us to Jackendoff.", "nQpq3nvnARQ-00058-00022256-00022680": "So, Ray Jackendoff is a renown philosopher, linguist, and cognitive scientist.", "nQpq3nvnARQ-00059-00022752-00023104": "And, in a nutshell, his position is that meanings *are* in the head.", "nQpq3nvnARQ-00060-00023104-00023264": "They're mental representations.", "nQpq3nvnARQ-00061-00023320-00023680": "And he's actually quite critical of the externalist, or realist,", "nQpq3nvnARQ-00062-00023680-00024064": "or non-cognitive position that Partee seems to be taking to meaning.", "nQpq3nvnARQ-00063-00024176-00024456": "In these excerpts, he gives some high-level theoretical ideas,", "nQpq3nvnARQ-00064-00024456-00024760": "and then he zooms in on the issue of truth conditions", "nQpq3nvnARQ-00065-00024760-00025384": "and how they need to be refashioned if we're going to adopt his cognitive, internalist position.", "nQpq3nvnARQ-00066-00025520-00025744": "Finally, on to this final excerpt.", "nQpq3nvnARQ-00067-00025744-00026120": "So far, we've been kind of focused on the question of \"What is meaning?\"", "nQpq3nvnARQ-00068-00026183-00026680": "Now we want to move to the second question, \"What's the nature of the form meaning connection", "nQpq3nvnARQ-00069-00026736-00026983": "that we're capturing in our interpretation function?\"", "nQpq3nvnARQ-00070-00027095-00027736": "Partee seems to just want to build it and see what consequences specific claims have in that context.", "nQpq3nvnARQ-00071-00027816-00028183": "For Jackendoff, this captures some mental associations that are core", "nQpq3nvnARQ-00072-00028183-00028495": "to our knowledge of language, but I don't think he probes that too much.", "nQpq3nvnARQ-00073-00028560-00028664": "What about Lewis?", "nQpq3nvnARQ-00074-00028736-00029176": "David Lewis is an incredibly influential philosopher with an amazing beard.", "nQpq3nvnARQ-00075-00029264-00029800": "With Barbara Partee, he was one of the people who laid the foundations of modern semantic theory.", "nQpq3nvnARQ-00076-00029864-00030320": "And incidentally he and Barbara happened to be undergraduates together at Swarthmore,", "nQpq3nvnARQ-00077-00030320-00030600": "which has produced a lot of famous linguists and philosophers.", "nQpq3nvnARQ-00078-00030736-00031183": "So what does Lewis do in this famous paper called 'Languages and language'?", "nQpq3nvnARQ-00079-00031183-00031527": "Well, first, he restates the basics of the sort of theory", "nQpq3nvnARQ-00080-00031527-00031727": "that Partee is building and that we'l build.", "nQpq3nvnARQ-00081-00031800-00032016": "Here, he seems to be channeling the version of", "nQpq3nvnARQ-00082-00032016-00032408": "himself that wrote the famous paper 'General semantics'.", "nQpq3nvnARQ-00083-00032408-00032880": "But then he continues with a different view, where the form-meaning associations", "nQpq3nvnARQ-00084-00032952-00033504": "captured by the interpretation function are actually complex social conventions.", "nQpq3nvnARQ-00085-00033504-00033712": "And here, he seems to be channeling the version of", "nQpq3nvnARQ-00086-00033712-00034032": "himself that wrote the famous and beautiful book Convention.", "nQpq3nvnARQ-00087-00034112-00034552": "On this view, our knowledge of language is somewhat akin to our knowledge of what it", "nQpq3nvnARQ-00088-00034552-00034984": "means to be polite, or to follow traffic laws -- certainly things", "nQpq3nvnARQ-00089-00034984-00035328": "that are external to our minds in some deep and mysterious way.", "nQpq3nvnARQ-00090-00035512-00035976": "Now, to wrap up here, stepping back: which of these views is correct?", "nQpq3nvnARQ-00091-00035976-00036088": "It's very hard to say!", "nQpq3nvnARQ-00092-00036176-00036560": "The right answer might in fact depend on your goals and perspectives and so forth.", "nQpq3nvnARQ-00093-00036560-00037216": "So, we're not going to try to come to an answer as a group, but I am hoping that each one of you", "nQpq3nvnARQ-00094-00037216-00037768": "becomes somewhat opinionated about the right way to approach these core questions and concepts.", "nQpq3nvnARQ-00095-00037768-00038264": "In the meantime, I'll confess, as a class, we'll sort of end up following Partee's", "nQpq3nvnARQ-00096-00038264-00038792": "advice and Lewis's Advice and Cresswell, and just try to build predictive theories", "nQpq3nvnARQ-00097-00038792-00039336": "of meaning and interpretation, remaining agnostic about whether they're in the head,", "nQpq3nvnARQ-00098-00039336-00039752": "or just social conventions, or some complex mix of those ideas."}}, {"audio_id": "nQLA9pBGqA8", "text": {"nQLA9pBGqA8-00000-00000012-00000178": "MS. AUDREY BRACEY DEEGAN: It-- it really", "nQLA9pBGqA8-00001-00000178-00000597": "is, I think, a question of the leadership at the organization", "nQLA9pBGqA8-00002-00000597-00000927": "taking a stand and taking the lead", "nQLA9pBGqA8-00003-00000927-00001221": "and being sure that those that are sitting at the table", "nQLA9pBGqA8-00004-00001221-00001425": "are indeed heard, wherever they come", "nQLA9pBGqA8-00005-00001425-00001664": "from with their unique experiences.", "nQLA9pBGqA8-00006-00001664-00001855": "MS. DESIREE STOLAR: I love that you brought up", "nQLA9pBGqA8-00007-00001855-00002154": "of the aspect of leadership because one of the things", "nQLA9pBGqA8-00008-00002154-00002487": "that we are constantly thinking about at our organization--", "nQLA9pBGqA8-00009-00002487-00002775": "our mission is to not just hope people", "nQLA9pBGqA8-00010-00002775-00003176": "attain positions of note--", "nQLA9pBGqA8-00011-00003176-00003396": "that are of note at their particular corporation.", "nQLA9pBGqA8-00012-00003396-00003690": "It is to help them progress to the point of senior leadership.", "nQLA9pBGqA8-00013-00003690-00003828": "And what we constantly talk about", "nQLA9pBGqA8-00014-00003828-00004194": "is that it's not just a pipeline issue.", "nQLA9pBGqA8-00015-00004194-00004413": "It is, to what extent can you bring them", "nQLA9pBGqA8-00016-00004413-00004773": "into the organization, train them, involve them,", "nQLA9pBGqA8-00017-00004773-00005037": "create a sense of belonging, and ideally", "nQLA9pBGqA8-00018-00005037-00005325": "retain them to such an extent that they want to stay,", "nQLA9pBGqA8-00019-00005325-00005706": "mature, grow and eventually be a senior leader?", "nQLA9pBGqA8-00020-00005706-00005891": "Now, there's also a different component,", "nQLA9pBGqA8-00021-00005891-00006126": "and it is helping organizations understand", "nQLA9pBGqA8-00022-00006126-00006444": "that it is not just a philanthropic effort", "nQLA9pBGqA8-00023-00006444-00006690": "to bring in more women.", "nQLA9pBGqA8-00024-00006690-00006848": "That is not the end goal.", "nQLA9pBGqA8-00025-00006848-00007269": "Having a diverse workforce is actually a business imperative.", "nQLA9pBGqA8-00026-00007269-00007434": "It makes your organization stronger.", "nQLA9pBGqA8-00027-00007434-00007620": "It makes that it makes it more nimble.", "nQLA9pBGqA8-00028-00007620-00007903": "It makes them better able to serve their entire customer", "nQLA9pBGqA8-00029-00007903-00007953": "base.", "nQLA9pBGqA8-00030-00007953-00008178": "And last time I checked, women represented", "nQLA9pBGqA8-00031-00008178-00008323": "half of the population.", "nQLA9pBGqA8-00032-00008323-00008514": "So if you don't have a--", "nQLA9pBGqA8-00033-00008514-00008922": "a decent number of them, if not a critical number of them,", "nQLA9pBGqA8-00034-00008922-00009198": "giving input to what you create, how you serve,", "nQLA9pBGqA8-00035-00009198-00009477": "and how you lead, then more than likely your organization", "nQLA9pBGqA8-00036-00009477-00009730": "is not being responsive to that of its core group.", "nQLA9pBGqA8-00037-00009730-00009885": "MS. MICHELLE SCHOHN: Well, and I know", "nQLA9pBGqA8-00038-00009885-00010101": "sometimes women's leadership styles", "nQLA9pBGqA8-00039-00010101-00010348": "tend to be a little different than men.", "nQLA9pBGqA8-00040-00010348-00010614": "How do these organizations then make space", "nQLA9pBGqA8-00041-00010614-00010825": "for that kind of leadership style,", "nQLA9pBGqA8-00042-00010825-00010980": "because I think that that's something", "nQLA9pBGqA8-00043-00010980-00011353": "that ultimately helps the organization to be stronger?", "nQLA9pBGqA8-00044-00011353-00011483": "MS. DESIREE STOLAR: Absolutely.", "nQLA9pBGqA8-00045-00011483-00011658": "One of the things that you can think about", "nQLA9pBGqA8-00046-00011658-00012002": "as an organization is, if you were trying to bring in", "nQLA9pBGqA8-00047-00012002-00012446": "and to make your organization much more receptive and much", "nQLA9pBGqA8-00048-00012446-00012788": "more collegial to a diverse group of people,", "nQLA9pBGqA8-00049-00012788-00013106": "first and foremost is to, one, start with a couple.", "nQLA9pBGqA8-00050-00013106-00013394": "You said start with the top.", "nQLA9pBGqA8-00051-00013394-00013607": "Sometimes to get things going, you", "nQLA9pBGqA8-00052-00013607-00013871": "need to bring in someone at the top that", "nQLA9pBGqA8-00053-00013871-00014171": "sets the tone, that showcases to other people it", "nQLA9pBGqA8-00054-00014171-00014459": "is OK to come into work and not to be dressed", "nQLA9pBGqA8-00055-00014459-00014843": "the same as the men, to conduct a meeting in which listening is", "nQLA9pBGqA8-00056-00014843-00015122": "more emphasized than expressing one's opinion, where it is", "nQLA9pBGqA8-00057-00015122-00015391": "OK to share your comments at the end as opposed", "nQLA9pBGqA8-00058-00015391-00015824": "to having to constantly jump in and lead from the outset, where", "nQLA9pBGqA8-00059-00015824-00015976": "it is--", "nQLA9pBGqA8-00060-00015976-00016286": "there is a sense of comfort in how you develop teams", "nQLA9pBGqA8-00061-00016286-00016451": "and how people contribute.", "nQLA9pBGqA8-00062-00016451-00016607": "And when people see that at the top,", "nQLA9pBGqA8-00063-00016607-00016919": "then it's more comfortable at the vice president level,", "nQLA9pBGqA8-00064-00016919-00017138": "at the director level, at the managerial level,", "nQLA9pBGqA8-00065-00017138-00017483": "and, yes, at the associate level for someone to come in and say,", "nQLA9pBGqA8-00066-00017483-00017855": "women like me and how I engage in business", "nQLA9pBGqA8-00067-00017855-00018299": "are not just accepted but celebrated and respected", "nQLA9pBGqA8-00068-00018299-00018429": "and listened to.", "nQLA9pBGqA8-00069-00018429-00018646": "And I think that's critical."}}, {"audio_id": "nQQQw4l3iWg", "text": {"nQQQw4l3iWg-00000-00000268-00000570": "Are you aware?", "nQQQw4l3iWg-00001-00000604-00001240": "When it comes to awareness, firstly logic questions and quick recognition of hidden details in pictures comes to our mind.", "nQQQw4l3iWg-00002-00001302-00001639": "But actually awareness is everywhere.", "nQQQw4l3iWg-00003-00001673-00001992": "Breath awareness is one of the most familiar examples.", "nQQQw4l3iWg-00004-00002016-00002362": "According to research, 90% of people are breathing wrong.", "nQQQw4l3iWg-00005-00002470-00002834": "There are many more things we do like this without realizing.", "nQQQw4l3iWg-00006-00002860-00003168": "The subject I want to talk about in this video, is the awareness of history.", "nQQQw4l3iWg-00007-00003358-00003715": "When it comes to history, we all have something to say more or less.", "nQQQw4l3iWg-00008-00003797-00004242": "So what is the proportion of those who really know because of they read?", "nQQQw4l3iWg-00009-00004292-00004566": "Most of us haven't been reading history since high school.", "nQQQw4l3iWg-00010-00004598-00005016": "Most of what we know is from TV series, movies or narrations.", "nQQQw4l3iWg-00011-00005052-00005486": "On the other hand, it is also important which authors are read.", "nQQQw4l3iWg-00012-00005528-00005982": "For example, there will be a difference between reading the Holocaust from a German and a Jewish author.", "nQQQw4l3iWg-00013-00006082-00006356": "I read these sentences from a Jewish author", "nQQQw4l3iWg-00014-00006412-00007331": "\"Some say one million, some say eight million people were killed. But everyone agrees on at least one million!”", "nQQQw4l3iWg-00015-00007364-00007923": "This shows that there may be a difference of 7 million people between the two views.", "nQQQw4l3iWg-00016-00008080-00008684": "I would like to remind you with an example of how we have difficulty in making objective evaluations in our daily life.", "nQQQw4l3iWg-00017-00008784-00009112": "Think of a 90-minute football game.", "nQQQw4l3iWg-00018-00009140-00009780": "Although there are written definitions of offside and foul, the discussions after the finish whistle last for days.", "nQQQw4l3iWg-00019-00009964-00010280": "How neutral can a history that is written by governments be?", "nQQQw4l3iWg-00020-00010332-00010636": "Churchill says \"History is written by the victors.\"", "nQQQw4l3iWg-00021-00010672-00011268": "If Hitler had won World War II, he probably would have prepared an good end for himself.", "nQQQw4l3iWg-00022-00011324-00011640": "People killed in Germany were victims of extreme nationalism.", "nQQQw4l3iWg-00023-00011676-00011868": "People killed in China and Russia were victims of communism", "nQQQw4l3iWg-00024-00011916-00012248": "And people killed in Japan were victims of libertarian USA.", "nQQQw4l3iWg-00025-00012332-00012636": "They all had their own reasons.", "nQQQw4l3iWg-00026-00012700-00013080": "USA emerged at the last moment and ended the global war with two atomic bombs.", "nQQQw4l3iWg-00027-00013119-00013419": "They declared that they were greatest power in the world.", "nQQQw4l3iWg-00028-00013472-00013768": "According to them, they were an ambassador for peace.", "nQQQw4l3iWg-00029-00013824-00014188": "What they gained from exports during the war,had given them the power to help to Europe,", "nQQQw4l3iWg-00030-00014224-00014447": "which has suffered a great deal of damage.", "nQQQw4l3iWg-00031-00014488-00014736": "However, this assistance was not to be provided directly", "nQQQw4l3iWg-00032-00014768-00015332": "but through the newly established International Monetary Fund and the World Bank.", "nQQQw4l3iWg-00033-00015363-00015924": "The IMF was established for a solution to short-term payment problems and stimulate international trade,", "nQQQw4l3iWg-00034-00015963-00016720": "while the World Bank was established to provide long-term investment loans to restructure European countries.", "nQQQw4l3iWg-00035-00016800-00017256": "USA was the supporter of both collapse and repair.", "nQQQw4l3iWg-00036-00017256-00017776": "As in these days, they said to the rabbit \"run!\" and said to the hound \"catch!\".", "nQQQw4l3iWg-00037-00017844-00018308": "USA did not limit its stability to providing funding only to countries.", "nQQQw4l3iWg-00038-00018376-00018836": "With movies, series and the media, they have even taught people how to live,", "nQQQw4l3iWg-00039-00018872-00019180": "what to consume and how to think.", "nQQQw4l3iWg-00040-00019224-00019588": "They manipulated the history with documentaries and Hollywood movies.", "nQQQw4l3iWg-00041-00019632-00020188": "On the other hand, non-winning countries also wrote how the other made an inhumane move.", "nQQQw4l3iWg-00042-00020224-00020508": "Nobody could praise his enemy if even it was right.", "nQQQw4l3iWg-00043-00020524-00020780": "Over time, the countries learned each other's languages,", "nQQQw4l3iWg-00044-00020800-00020968": "began to read their written history,", "nQQQw4l3iWg-00045-00020984-00021336": "but as in football, logic did not prevail, again…", "nQQQw4l3iWg-00046-00021396-00021740": "For this time, no one watched the match live.", "nQQQw4l3iWg-00047-00021776-00022340": "The result has been deduced from the described, from indestructible or altered archives and from those excavations.", "nQQQw4l3iWg-00048-00022392-00023008": "Umberto Eco's Prague Cemetery is one of the books that describes the manipulations that can be made in history.", "nQQQw4l3iWg-00049-00023044-00023816": "In this book, Eco shows that a man who is declared a hero, can actually be one of the most despicable people in the world.", "nQQQw4l3iWg-00050-00023856-00024460": "In the same book, he discusses how a fake document became The Protocols of the Elders of Zion,", "nQQQw4l3iWg-00051-00024476-00024940": "which was alleged to have had an impact on Hitler's implementation of the Holocaust.", "nQQQw4l3iWg-00052-00024972-00025548": "The communities we are in, doesn't want us to communicate with a person who is from different ideology.", "nQQQw4l3iWg-00053-00025612-00025988": "According to them, it is a waste of time to listen other's opinion.", "nQQQw4l3iWg-00054-00026020-00026644": "Even, to look at what is said with suspicion and to seek a new perspective, is equivalent to treachery.", "nQQQw4l3iWg-00055-00026680-00027092": "In the inverview with Goodreads, Eco said:", "nQQQw4l3iWg-00056-00027120-00027820": "\"Love is a selective relationship (I love you and you love me and the rest of the world is excluded by such a feeling),", "nQQQw4l3iWg-00057-00027832-00028320": "while hatred is collective, social: An entire people can hate another one,", "nQQQw4l3iWg-00058-00028332-00028827": "and that is why dictators, to keep they followers together, ask for hatred (not for love).", "nQQQw4l3iWg-00059-00028852-00029183": "I remember that having spent my childhood under a fascist dictatorship,", "nQQQw4l3iWg-00060-00029195-00029568": "I was continually taught to hate some other country", "nQQQw4l3iWg-00061-00029595-00029864": "French, Englishmen, Americans", "nQQQw4l3iWg-00062-00029872-00030200": "and was encouraged to love only Mussolini.\"", "nQQQw4l3iWg-00063-00030295-00030908": "While reading history, one should act as if he/she is in a case that both sides claims to be innocent.", "nQQQw4l3iWg-00064-00030939-00031252": "Eco says \"The truth sets us free.\"", "nQQQw4l3iWg-00065-00031252-00031900": "and \"The first duty of a good inquisitor is to suspect especially those who seem sincere to him...\"", "nQQQw4l3iWg-00066-00031972-00032760": "\"There is a lot of pain in wisdom. One who increases her/him knowledge, also increases pain.\"", "nQQQw4l3iWg-00067-00032816-00033436": "So, it may upset you to to look from a different point of view to the history. But it's worth to be free."}}, {"audio_id": "nQS_0alRpKu", "text": {"nQS_0alRpKu-00000-00000000-00000240": "Tiffany Youngren: Hey there, I'm Tiffany Youngren host of Next Up", "nQS_0alRpKu-00001-00000240-00000576": "Nation where we help podcasters and youtubers with vision become", "nQS_0alRpKu-00002-00000576-00000930": "preeminent thought leaders in their industries. Right now", "nQS_0alRpKu-00003-00000930-00001167": "you're about to have the incredible opportunity to listen", "nQS_0alRpKu-00004-00001167-00001560": "to a real life podcaster as we dig into the why, who and what", "nQS_0alRpKu-00005-00001563-00001973": "of their show, so that you can identify a powerful how one", "nQS_0alRpKu-00006-00001973-00002268": "action that he's going to be able to take to see results in", "nQS_0alRpKu-00007-00002268-00002619": "the next 30 days. I am so excited to welcome Randy Silver", "nQS_0alRpKu-00008-00002619-00002943": "host of the weekly podcast and daily YouTube series Leap of", "nQS_0alRpKu-00009-00002943-00003174": "Fate. Hey, Randy, welcome.", "nQS_0alRpKu-00010-00003180-00003384": "Randy Silver: Thank you for having me on. I'm very excited", "nQS_0alRpKu-00011-00003384-00003435": "to be here.", "nQS_0alRpKu-00012-00003496-00003769": "Tiffany Youngren: I'm so glad I'm so glad. Well, Leap of Fate", "nQS_0alRpKu-00013-00003769-00004204": "has released 49 episodes, podcast episode since May 25", "nQS_0alRpKu-00014-00004204-00004672": "2020. Randy says that its purpose is to instill the self", "nQS_0alRpKu-00015-00004672-00005146": "belief in yourself to strive for greatness via Mamba mentality.", "nQS_0alRpKu-00016-00005170-00005482": "The goal of his channel is to galvanize and enable you to", "nQS_0alRpKu-00017-00005482-00005917": "achieve your goals. So Randy, that is so awesome. And I have", "nQS_0alRpKu-00018-00005917-00006190": "to ask now, I we talked about this a little bit before we're", "nQS_0alRpKu-00019-00006190-00006406": "going to talk about nuts and bolts of your show what's", "nQS_0alRpKu-00020-00006406-00007000": "working what you could do next. But I have to ask, what is Mamba", "nQS_0alRpKu-00021-00007000-00007093": "mentality?", "nQS_0alRpKu-00022-00007186-00007318": "Randy Silver: Do you know Kobe Bryant?", "nQS_0alRpKu-00023-00007411-00007603": "Tiffany Youngren: I yeah, I mean, I know who he is.", "nQS_0alRpKu-00024-00007603-00007930": "Randy Silver: Yeah, so RIP Kobe, living legend. I guess he's not", "nQS_0alRpKu-00025-00007930-00008422": "living anymore. his mon... his motto was Mamba mentality. It", "nQS_0alRpKu-00026-00008422-00008830": "means persevere, overcome when anything is ever hard. You can", "nQS_0alRpKu-00027-00008830-00009196": "have mind over matter and make whatever you're doing a reality.", "nQS_0alRpKu-00028-00009199-00009649": "So his whole clothing line, his whole shoe line, everything was", "nQS_0alRpKu-00029-00009649-00009934": "Mamba mentality. And unfortunately, obviously him and", "nQS_0alRpKu-00030-00009934-00010381": "his daughter passed away in his uh, now his wife, I guess his", "nQS_0alRpKu-00031-00010396-00010699": "former wife, I'm not really sure. His widow Excuse me? No,", "nQS_0alRpKu-00032-00010699-00010960": "yes, without, they just started a new clothing line called", "nQS_0alRpKu-00033-00010960-00011338": "Mamacita mentality over his daughter. So now they're doing", "nQS_0alRpKu-00034-00011338-00011614": "children's clothes. So it's just it means fight for what you", "nQS_0alRpKu-00035-00011614-00011863": "believe in, put the hard work in and you will achieve what you", "nQS_0alRpKu-00036-00011863-00012067": "want is pretty much what it means.", "nQS_0alRpKu-00037-00012109-00012436": "Tiffany Youngren: So how do you envision your podcast being the", "nQS_0alRpKu-00038-00012436-00012538": "conduit to that?", "nQS_0alRpKu-00039-00012623-00012824": "Randy Silver: Everybody I bring on, that's a great question.", "nQS_0alRpKu-00040-00012824-00013169": "Everyone I bring on has Mamba mentality in their life, they've", "nQS_0alRpKu-00041-00013169-00013559": "overcome some type of adversity in terms of professional in", "nQS_0alRpKu-00042-00013562-00013853": "terms of personal in terms of whatever they're doing to", "nQS_0alRpKu-00043-00013853-00014188": "achieve the success that they're at, or at that stage of climbing", "nQS_0alRpKu-00044-00014188-00014546": "to the success that they want. And my goal bring them on is to", "nQS_0alRpKu-00045-00014546-00014861": "share with my audience, the love family, that they're able to", "nQS_0alRpKu-00046-00014861-00015169": "achieve their goals, whatever that may be. It's not going to", "nQS_0alRpKu-00047-00015169-00015476": "be easy. There's gonna be a lot of bumps in the road. But when", "nQS_0alRpKu-00048-00015476-00015812": "you stay, you persevere and you work hard. You can make your", "nQS_0alRpKu-00049-00015812-00016094": "dreams reality. And that's what my guests are talking about. So", "nQS_0alRpKu-00050-00016094-00016343": "I'm able to bring on people. Maybe you've never heard that", "nQS_0alRpKu-00051-00016343-00016676": "before. Or like this past one, I brought on a very famous DJ", "nQS_0alRpKu-00052-00016676-00016982": "group, Autograph, you know, they're millions fans worldwide.", "nQS_0alRpKu-00053-00017006-00017315": "And we've been talking about what it's like to be on stage.", "nQS_0alRpKu-00054-00017315-00017612": "What's it like to be in front of 50,000 people? We talked about", "nQS_0alRpKu-00055-00017621-00017951": "the pre work that when nobody was around, what they do they", "nQS_0alRpKu-00056-00017951-00018218": "get to the point that got them to becoming famous. And that's", "nQS_0alRpKu-00057-00018218-00018476": "what I'm really interested in telling people about is that", "nQS_0alRpKu-00058-00018476-00018686": "behind the scenes work to get you where you want to go.", "nQS_0alRpKu-00059-00018765-00018981": "Tiffany Youngren: I love that. I think that that's fantastic. And", "nQS_0alRpKu-00060-00018981-00019233": "we sure can use a lot of that in the world right now. So", "nQS_0alRpKu-00061-00019401-00019605": "Randy Silver: can I give you the reason why I started the", "nQS_0alRpKu-00062-00019605-00019650": "podcast?", "nQS_0alRpKu-00063-00019737-00019986": "Tiffany Youngren: That's my next question. So that's ideal.", "nQS_0alRpKu-00064-00019989-00020220": "Randy Silver: Sure. I'm gonna put you on the on the spot", "nQS_0alRpKu-00065-00020220-00020370": "again. Do you know Charles Barkley?", "nQS_0alRpKu-00066-00020391-00020505": "Tiffany Youngren: Yes, yes,", "nQS_0alRpKu-00067-00020503-00020794": "Randy Silver: Charles Barkley, another NBA player. During the", "nQS_0alRpKu-00068-00020815-00021121": "pandemic, he was on TNT, and he was talking about how", "nQS_0alRpKu-00069-00021121-00021544": "everybody's life sucks. 1% of the world lives are awesome. 99%", "nQS_0alRpKu-00070-00021544-00021880": "of the lives suck. Without sports being on obviously,", "nQS_0alRpKu-00071-00021880-00022156": "everything got shut down, you realize that you don't have that", "nQS_0alRpKu-00072-00022156-00022609": "conduit for 2, 3, 4 hours, a weekend, a day to get away from", "nQS_0alRpKu-00073-00022609-00022918": "your life sucking. And he was talking about that in TNT in", "nQS_0alRpKu-00074-00022918-00023218": "front of everybody. I was just like, you know what, this is", "nQS_0alRpKu-00075-00023218-00023512": "such a pessimistic mindset. Because I'm definitely not a one", "nQS_0alRpKu-00076-00023512-00023791": "percenter. I'm not in that category whatsoever, and my", "nQS_0alRpKu-00077-00023791-00024055": "life, does not suck. I love my life. I'm having such a great", "nQS_0alRpKu-00078-00024055-00024343": "life. I have so many people in my network who I know are in the", "nQS_0alRpKu-00079-00024343-00024703": "same vein. So gave me the aha moment is I want to start the", "nQS_0alRpKu-00080-00024703-00025132": "podcast and YouTube to share that message that story and show", "nQS_0alRpKu-00081-00025132-00025525": "that you don't need to be Uber rich or in the 1% and not have a", "nQS_0alRpKu-00082-00025525-00025833": "shitty life, kind of I always had an idea of wanting to start", "nQS_0alRpKu-00083-00025833-00026139": "a podcast and never knew what I wanted to be. And that's kind of", "nQS_0alRpKu-00084-00026139-00026452": "where it started. And I gave myself a weekend. Just locked", "nQS_0alRpKu-00085-00026452-00026818": "myself in my room, read a bunch of blogs, YouTube University,", "nQS_0alRpKu-00086-00026818-00027223": "all this stuff and got myself after like, 12, 15 hours ready", "nQS_0alRpKu-00087-00027223-00027319": "to sign podcast.", "nQS_0alRpKu-00088-00027337-00027682": "Tiffany Youngren: Yeah, that's awesome that I you know, isn't", "nQS_0alRpKu-00089-00027682-00028123": "he's an entrepreneur, too. I'm just in shock that he was. Yeah,", "nQS_0alRpKu-00090-00028126-00028243": "real time, real time.", "nQS_0alRpKu-00091-00028381-00028633": "Randy Silver: Exactly. And I get what he was doing, like, Yeah,", "nQS_0alRpKu-00092-00028636-00028954": "he was. He's being transparently honest. I get it. I just am such", "nQS_0alRpKu-00093-00028954-00029277": "a positive person. I don't like that negativity being spewed out", "nQS_0alRpKu-00094-00029277-00029320": "in the world.", "nQS_0alRpKu-00095-00029343-00029541": "Tiffany Youngren: Yeah, yeah, exactly. Well, you know, and", "nQS_0alRpKu-00096-00029541-00029829": "there's something to be said for feeling what's happening to you", "nQS_0alRpKu-00097-00029829-00030135": "at the moment. One thing I really Like, do you know Barbara", "nQS_0alRpKu-00098-00030135-00030207": "Corcoran?", "nQS_0alRpKu-00099-00030255-00030306": "Randy Silver: No?", "nQS_0alRpKu-00100-00030312-00030567": "Tiffany Youngren: Okay, so she's my favorite entrepreneurs. I'm", "nQS_0alRpKu-00101-00030567-00030758": "like a total Shark Tank. Shark", "nQS_0alRpKu-00102-00030758-00030839": "Randy Silver: Tank. Yes. Yes,", "nQS_0alRpKu-00103-00030839-00031160": "Tiffany Youngren: I do. I love Barbara Corcoran. And I love", "nQS_0alRpKu-00104-00031160-00031517": "real estate. So, and she's a strong woman who's also womanly.", "nQS_0alRpKu-00105-00031517-00031907": "So I just have always been, I always had this list of women", "nQS_0alRpKu-00106-00031907-00032129": "for my daughter that is like, these are the kind of people", "nQS_0alRpKu-00107-00032129-00032426": "that you can mentor after. You know what she was always on that", "nQS_0alRpKu-00108-00032426-00032921": "list. But one thing that she says she really values when", "nQS_0alRpKu-00109-00032921-00033281": "people how quickly people turn around. So like, if she's", "nQS_0alRpKu-00110-00033281-00033485": "looking at someone who went through adversity, she wants to", "nQS_0alRpKu-00111-00033485-00033815": "look at how quickly can they turn it around and turn it into", "nQS_0alRpKu-00112-00033815-00034226": "something good. So she, I can't exactly remember exactly what", "nQS_0alRpKu-00113-00034226-00034550": "she said, the way that we reinterpreted it is you get a 30", "nQS_0alRpKu-00114-00034550-00034904": "second pity party and then get Oh, like, like, feel it? And", "nQS_0alRpKu-00115-00034904-00035213": "then you know, get on to it. And then usually it's some kind of", "nQS_0alRpKu-00116-00035213-00035459": "like, how is this the best news ever? And then turning it into", "nQS_0alRpKu-00117-00035459-00035873": "it? So So I appreciate his shock factor. Yeah, there is like", "nQS_0alRpKu-00118-00035873-00036146": "let's just say there is a problem. Houston, we have a", "nQS_0alRpKu-00119-00036146-00036509": "problem, but you know, maybe letting that be the end of it.", "nQS_0alRpKu-00120-00036509-00036806": "And the feeling that you're left with, I'm not such a like, I'm", "nQS_0alRpKu-00121-00036806-00037205": "so disappointed. So that it turned into something amazing.", "nQS_0alRpKu-00122-00037296-00037551": "Randy Silver: So I agree with you because my personal motto is", "nQS_0alRpKu-00123-00037551-00037938": "never let the day before dictate how you live the day after. So", "nQS_0alRpKu-00124-00037947-00038304": "yes, maybe yesterday sucked. But you wake up, it's a new day, a", "nQS_0alRpKu-00125-00038304-00038652": "new moon, New Sun, go make something new happen. And so", "nQS_0alRpKu-00126-00038652-00038871": "that's how I've always persevered over tough", "nQS_0alRpKu-00127-00038871-00039189": "situations, because I truly never let a bad situation", "nQS_0alRpKu-00128-00039189-00039558": "fester. The more 30 seconds that one day, when I wake up the next", "nQS_0alRpKu-00129-00039558-00039870": "day, it's my chance to be great. I try to be great every day.", "nQS_0alRpKu-00130-00039893-00040148": "Tiffany Youngren: Love it. So tell me when you started the", "nQS_0alRpKu-00131-00040148-00040499": "podcast, or even now, what's the outcome that you want from it?", "nQS_0alRpKu-00132-00040502-00041084": "Besides - I mean, I'm, I've rarely if ever talked to", "nQS_0alRpKu-00133-00041084-00041471": "podcasters who don't have some vision, mostly because I don't", "nQS_0alRpKu-00134-00041471-00041867": "want to talk to the ones who don't. I'm always like super", "nQS_0alRpKu-00135-00041870-00042284": "magnetized by somebody who has great vision like you do. But", "nQS_0alRpKu-00136-00042311-00042761": "that you know, more, more podcasters quit, than keep", "nQS_0alRpKu-00137-00042761-00043250": "going. Well, or almost what what I think the latest stat was like", "nQS_0alRpKu-00138-00043253-00043643": "five out of every seven quit or I don't it's some kind of really", "nQS_0alRpKu-00139-00043727-00044204": "hyped up on it. Yeah, but it's over half. And with that in Is", "nQS_0alRpKu-00140-00044204-00044444": "that true? I don't know, I need to look that up again. I had", "nQS_0alRpKu-00141-00044444-00044753": "that. Like, I know, it's like maybe it was a third I don't", "nQS_0alRpKu-00142-00044753-00045062": "know, whatever it was, it was insane. And I and I thought even", "nQS_0alRpKu-00143-00045062-00045458": "if it's a third, I just still feel like that's so high. And", "nQS_0alRpKu-00144-00045458-00045968": "that is on my to do list for after this episode. But I you", "nQS_0alRpKu-00145-00045968-00046235": "know, I when you have a vision like that you don't want it to", "nQS_0alRpKu-00146-00046235-00046739": "die. And one thing I've found is that the more someone's got an", "nQS_0alRpKu-00147-00046742-00047099": "outcome that they want to see, you don't want to achieve.", "nQS_0alRpKu-00148-00047138-00047444": "They're more sustainable, because the feeling good and the", "nQS_0alRpKu-00149-00047444-00047741": "altruistic kind of thing is super, but you still have to", "nQS_0alRpKu-00150-00047741-00047960": "like pay the bills, just you know, I mean, there's still like", "nQS_0alRpKu-00151-00047960-00048290": "things that happen and it gets tiring. And you know, squirrel,", "nQS_0alRpKu-00152-00048293-00048734": "you know, kind of thing. So what do you have some kind of outcome", "nQS_0alRpKu-00153-00048734-00048959": "that you want from your show of some sort?", "nQS_0alRpKu-00154-00048972-00049242": "Randy Silver: Yeah, so I'm three stages, I shouldn't pre face", "nQS_0alRpKu-00155-00049242-00049557": "that I do this podcast on the side, my real job is I'm a chief", "nQS_0alRpKu-00156-00049557-00049908": "Revenue Officer of an e commerce company. So that is more what I", "nQS_0alRpKu-00157-00049908-00050364": "do mainly, and I'm 27 so I do the podcast on the side. My", "nQS_0alRpKu-00158-00050370-00050694": "weekly goal the podcast is if I can get at least one person to", "nQS_0alRpKu-00159-00050694-00051033": "listen and one person to make a positive impact in their life", "nQS_0alRpKu-00160-00051033-00051336": "from the message that whoever came on my podcast change, I'm", "nQS_0alRpKu-00161-00051336-00051654": "successful. So I probably put in, you know, I do the", "nQS_0alRpKu-00162-00051654-00051984": "recording, I use Final Cut Pro for all the editing the video,", "nQS_0alRpKu-00163-00051984-00052326": "the audio, I do all the social media probably takes me 10 to 12", "nQS_0alRpKu-00164-00052326-00052572": "hours in the course of seven days to get the podcast ready to", "nQS_0alRpKu-00165-00052572-00052866": "go. And with everything goes with it. If I can change one", "nQS_0alRpKu-00166-00052866-00053277": "life, fantastic. That makes me so happy. The middle term goal", "nQS_0alRpKu-00167-00053277-00053676": "is I'm at 98 subscribers on YouTube, I probably have about", "nQS_0alRpKu-00168-00053676-00054167": "200 between everything, Spotify, apple, whatever, let me get 200", "nQS_0alRpKu-00169-00054167-00054459": "subscribers on YouTube. Let me get that to 200 Let me get that", "nQS_0alRpKu-00170-00054459-00054738": "the 500 Let me get to 1000 because in addition to the", "nQS_0alRpKu-00171-00054738-00055091": "podcast, as you said at the beginning, I also do vlog videos", "nQS_0alRpKu-00172-00055091-00055635": "I do how to videos I do workout videos, so I really just try to", "nQS_0alRpKu-00173-00055644-00056004": "have this whole cornucopia of just creating an asset that", "nQS_0alRpKu-00174-00056004-00056244": "every day someone can go the YouTube channel, and there's", "nQS_0alRpKu-00175-00056244-00056463": "something new that goes with it. So I'm gonna go to my Instagram", "nQS_0alRpKu-00176-00056463-00056766": "and there's something new so that way, almost like a Note", "nQS_0alRpKu-00177-00056766-00057017": "Boys, which is a YouTube channel or like Barstool Sports, there's", "nQS_0alRpKu-00178-00057017-00057321": "always new content coming out. So they're staying in the realm", "nQS_0alRpKu-00179-00057324-00057759": "of a Leap of Fate, which I'll go ahead and say which one takes me", "nQS_0alRpKu-00180-00057759-00058077": "to the third level, which would be once I get big enough, I", "nQS_0alRpKu-00181-00058077-00058470": "would love to create my own like network where Leap of Fate is", "nQS_0alRpKu-00182-00058470-00058857": "this umbrella per se. And then I have other different podcasters", "nQS_0alRpKu-00183-00058857-00059202": "below me who talked about mindfulness, meditation, a sales", "nQS_0alRpKu-00184-00059202-00059664": "and so now the Leap of Fate is ominous company as already", "nQS_0alRpKu-00185-00059666-00060017": "created as an LLC everything and eventually that will be like The", "nQS_0alRpKu-00186-00060017-00060363": "overarching and everything else below it will be people under", "nQS_0alRpKu-00187-00060363-00060750": "our company. So that's like, short, middle long term.", "nQS_0alRpKu-00188-00060798-00061055": "Tiffany Youngren: Okay, so right now you're really building your", "nQS_0alRpKu-00189-00061077-00061529": "top of mind awareness, building that credibility, things like", "nQS_0alRpKu-00190-00061529-00061776": "that as in that that's the space that you're in right now.", "nQS_0alRpKu-00191-00061778-00062057": "Randy Silver: Exactly. Right. Yeah, definitely. That's that's", "nQS_0alRpKu-00192-00062057-00062378": "short space. I'm not anywhere near long term yet. Like, yeah,", "nQS_0alRpKu-00193-00062416-00062708": "I have to take my own words. Yeah, I have two words. Like I", "nQS_0alRpKu-00194-00062708-00062951": "tell people, it takes a lot of work. And so I don't get", "nQS_0alRpKu-00195-00062951-00063299": "discouraged. Maybe I'm not there yet. Because I know. It's got to", "nQS_0alRpKu-00196-00063299-00063554": "get to 100 subscribers, and you got to get to 200, then you got", "nQS_0alRpKu-00197-00063554-00063878": "to get to 1000. So I haven't monetized anything yet. It's", "nQS_0alRpKu-00198-00063878-00064262": "really me just having fun doing it myself. And I that's why I", "nQS_0alRpKu-00199-00064262-00064565": "feel like, as you said, a lot of people probably podcasting,", "nQS_0alRpKu-00200-00064610-00064808": "probably burnout, because they're doing something they", "nQS_0alRpKu-00201-00064808-00065051": "don't love. But they're doing something where it's just there", "nQS_0alRpKu-00202-00065051-00065380": "to try to get to a goal that isn't attainable in the moment.", "nQS_0alRpKu-00203-00065390-00065651": "So then after, say, six months, you're not anywhere near that", "nQS_0alRpKu-00204-00065651-00065855": "attainable goal, you're going to get defeated, and you're going", "nQS_0alRpKu-00205-00065855-00066149": "to quit. So as long as I do what I love them having fun, then,", "nQS_0alRpKu-00206-00066203-00066431": "even if I never make money, 30 years down the line, which", "nQS_0alRpKu-00207-00066431-00066734": "hopefully, you know, I will fair enough. Yeah, I will still be", "nQS_0alRpKu-00208-00066734-00066947": "doing it. Because I know it's my passion and what I love.", "nQS_0alRpKu-00209-00066984-00067260": "Tiffany Youngren: Yeah, that's awesome. So I have to ask to", "nQS_0alRpKu-00210-00067260-00067548": "when it ... I'm all about measurement too because you", "nQS_0alRpKu-00211-00067548-00067923": "know, you do have a clear goal of, you know, changing one", "nQS_0alRpKu-00212-00067923-00068493": "person or impacting one person each episode. And what have you.", "nQS_0alRpKu-00213-00068496-00068775": "Have you been able to capture that like, has, are people", "nQS_0alRpKu-00214-00068775-00069102": "telling you are you doing it just out of faith that it's", "nQS_0alRpKu-00215-00069102-00069174": "happening? My", "nQS_0alRpKu-00216-00069174-00069282": "Randy Silver: parents tell me weekly?", "nQS_0alRpKu-00217-00069570-00069708": "Tiffany Youngren: Well, your parents listen to your show.", "nQS_0alRpKu-00218-00069708-00069918": "That's really awesome. Yeah, you're like a whole big fat step", "nQS_0alRpKu-00219-00069918-00070377": "ahead of me. But about podcasting, they're not really", "nQS_0alRpKu-00220-00070377-00070584": "my ideal market. audience.", "nQS_0alRpKu-00221-00070635-00070818": "Randy Silver: So I think like we're very similar. This sounds", "nQS_0alRpKu-00222-00070818-00071076": "like you probably bring on a new podcast every week, and someone", "nQS_0alRpKu-00223-00071076-00071322": "can learn something new from that podcast or new tip, new", "nQS_0alRpKu-00224-00071322-00071754": "trick, new mindset. I tried to make my show the same way where", "nQS_0alRpKu-00225-00071760-00072051": "it's not a chronological week over week show, so we can go", "nQS_0alRpKu-00226-00072051-00072324": "back to the show nine months ago. And it still is relevant", "nQS_0alRpKu-00227-00072324-00072618": "today. Because it's not a weekly topic on what's happening in the", "nQS_0alRpKu-00228-00072618-00073008": "news. It's someone sharing their story. And then the cool part is", "nQS_0alRpKu-00229-00073041-00073332": "how I can also build that audience from that is I bring", "nQS_0alRpKu-00230-00073353-00073731": "recurring guests back on. So my biggest recurring guest is Sean", "nQS_0alRpKu-00231-00073731-00074031": "Levinson from A-ware he's one of my best friends, but he's", "nQS_0alRpKu-00232-00074031-00074232": "starting his own clothing company. And he does all this", "nQS_0alRpKu-00233-00074232-00074523": "other stuff. So I bring him on, like every four to six months,", "nQS_0alRpKu-00234-00074523-00074868": "and we get an A-ware update. And he, we do other stuff with it.", "nQS_0alRpKu-00235-00074868-00075150": "So now the crowds invested in not just me, but they're", "nQS_0alRpKu-00236-00075150-00075420": "invested in my guests are coming on now that we're building that", "nQS_0alRpKu-00237-00075420-00075654": "rapport. So I that's how I've been able to really build the", "nQS_0alRpKu-00238-00075654-00075978": "brand and help people out that way, which I think some people", "nQS_0alRpKu-00239-00075978-00076182": "probably don't do sometimes. So if you're out there and you're", "nQS_0alRpKu-00240-00076182-00076476": "podcaster, try getting some guests sometimes who you can", "nQS_0alRpKu-00241-00076476-00076788": "bring back periodically, because then the audience will feel like", "nQS_0alRpKu-00242-00076788-00077082": "they're invested in the story and what you're building, not", "nQS_0alRpKu-00243-00077082-00077391": "just the week, the week. So I feel like I kind of up the", "nQS_0alRpKu-00244-00077391-00077469": "question. I apologize.", "nQS_0alRpKu-00245-00077496-00077853": "Tiffany Youngren: Okay, that's okay, though. Um, so, I mean,", "nQS_0alRpKu-00246-00077853-00078147": "right now, it's just really a matter of building the numbers,", "nQS_0alRpKu-00247-00078147-00078393": "that's probably your best indicator right now is you're", "nQS_0alRpKu-00248-00078399-00078780": "making an assumption, well, if the numbers are growing, then", "nQS_0alRpKu-00249-00078786-00079320": "someone in that group is going to be impacted. So one of the", "nQS_0alRpKu-00250-00079320-00079926": "things I always look at is, like an average established podcast,", "nQS_0alRpKu-00251-00079929-00080541": "I read one stat and I did look this one up is that the average", "nQS_0alRpKu-00252-00080586-00081108": "141 downloads in the first 30 days is considered average,", "nQS_0alRpKu-00253-00081138-00081531": "which is pretty high. I bet that that drops. Since you know, we", "nQS_0alRpKu-00254-00081531-00081897": "went from like, seems like overnight, 550,000 podcasts to 2", "nQS_0alRpKu-00255-00081897-00082221": "million podcasts so easily. Maybe that numbers changing.", "nQS_0alRpKu-00256-00082221-00082455": "However, the last I checked, that's what it was, do you", "nQS_0alRpKu-00257-00082455-00082767": "measure like monthly downloads? What's your benchmark?", "nQS_0alRpKu-00258-00082802-00083045": "Randy Silver: So for me, it's a bit harder, because I started", "nQS_0alRpKu-00259-00083045-00083375": "out as audio only for the first eight months, I don't want to", "nQS_0alRpKu-00260-00083378-00083633": "bite too much. I don't want to figure out how do i do video and", "nQS_0alRpKu-00261-00083633-00084008": "all that. So I just did audio only. And that started 2021.", "nQS_0alRpKu-00262-00084020-00084236": "That's where I started doing video and more of the YouTube", "nQS_0alRpKu-00263-00084236-00084602": "videos that come with it. So I've actually decreased my", "nQS_0alRpKu-00264-00084602-00084956": "monthly downloads, and let's say Apple Spotify, because I'm", "nQS_0alRpKu-00265-00084956-00085196": "really trying to actually push more people to my YouTube", "nQS_0alRpKu-00266-00085196-00085382": "channel. So it's more interactive than watching the", "nQS_0alRpKu-00267-00085382-00085763": "videos. When I create the videos, I'm able to put Ken", "nQS_0alRpKu-00268-00085763-00086063": "Burns style pictures or videos over it. So I put stuff that", "nQS_0alRpKu-00269-00086063-00086291": "we're talking about into the video so that way people are", "nQS_0alRpKu-00270-00086291-00086525": "engaged with it. And then also they see the edited videos on", "nQS_0alRpKu-00271-00086525-00086930": "YouTube. So for me, I'm actually tracking more of the seven days", "nQS_0alRpKu-00272-00086930-00087332": "how many people are listening in the first seven days over all", "nQS_0alRpKu-00273-00087332-00087866": "channels. I'm probably averaging between 75 to 100. So I would", "nQS_0alRpKu-00274-00087866-00088253": "say if I was actually checking that first 30 days, and with", "nQS_0alRpKu-00275-00088253-00088583": "some attrition going on, I probably get to 100, 150 in the", "nQS_0alRpKu-00276-00088583-00088901": "first 30 days. But for me it's really more about what am I", "nQS_0alRpKu-00277-00088901-00089189": "making the impact in the first seven days because I'm really", "nQS_0alRpKu-00278-00089189-00089534": "want to see, am I dropping people off as I try to", "nQS_0alRpKu-00279-00089534-00089792": "transition them to YouTube? Am I getting more people to subscribe", "nQS_0alRpKu-00280-00089792-00089996": "on? So that's what I really, really loved.", "nQS_0alRpKu-00281-00090063-00090252": "Tiffany Youngren: That's awesome. I love it. Why? And,", "nQS_0alRpKu-00282-00090279-00090765": "and honestly, it's very difficult to measure podcast", "nQS_0alRpKu-00283-00090819-00091131": "engagement, because it's really coming from anywhere. If we're", "nQS_0alRpKu-00284-00091131-00091662": "talking about Top of Mind and building credibility, we're", "nQS_0alRpKu-00285-00091662-00091902": "doing it on Facebook through quotes and you know, like", "nQS_0alRpKu-00286-00091905-00092193": "graphics that we're grabbing from it or, you know, like you", "nQS_0alRpKu-00287-00092196-00092493": "like you do you do the daily videos or things like that. So I", "nQS_0alRpKu-00288-00092493-00092793": "think that that's really good or even having, like, I would", "nQS_0alRpKu-00289-00092793-00093078": "prefer a lower number in the first seven days of people who", "nQS_0alRpKu-00290-00093078-00093336": "are going to YouTube because that's like a whole nother step,", "nQS_0alRpKu-00291-00093339-00093687": "you know, that they're taking. So that's like a more weighted", "nQS_0alRpKu-00292-00093687-00094137": "votes, you know, per se, of I'm into you this is this is how", "nQS_0alRpKu-00293-00094137-00094458": "into you I am. So I think that that's really good. And we", "nQS_0alRpKu-00294-00094458-00094698": "talked about this beforehand a little bit and just having the", "nQS_0alRpKu-00295-00094698-00095268": "higher, more engaged people following is so much more", "nQS_0alRpKu-00296-00095268-00095652": "valuable than just I want 100,000 listeners. Yeah, why", "nQS_0alRpKu-00297-00095652-00095943": "don't I have 100,000 listeners jazz like, well, I don't know", "nQS_0alRpKu-00298-00095943-00096255": "how to talk to you. Because, you know, like, don't you want", "nQS_0alRpKu-00299-00096255-00096321": "influence?", "nQS_0alRpKu-00300-00096399-00096759": "Randy Silver: I would say I probably have a core 30 to 40,", "nQS_0alRpKu-00301-00096762-00097137": "who I know, listen on a weekly basis. At some point. Maybe they", "nQS_0alRpKu-00302-00097140-00097512": "messaged me, like, Randy, this episode was so good. I can see", "nQS_0alRpKu-00303-00097512-00097836": "when the stats come out, like, hey, these is probably I get the", "nQS_0alRpKu-00304-00097836-00098250": "first 12 hours 20 people always listened. So I know they're", "nQS_0alRpKu-00305-00098250-00098553": "core. I wish I could have user data of who that was. I could", "nQS_0alRpKu-00306-00098553-00098892": "say like, thank you so much. I kind of have an idea by based", "nQS_0alRpKu-00307-00098892-00099327": "who reaches out. But like you told me off podcast, that you", "nQS_0alRpKu-00308-00099327-00099594": "went back and you listen to a couple episodes here and there", "nQS_0alRpKu-00309-00099597-00100005": "just to get a feel for me. So that way, this was an engaging", "nQS_0alRpKu-00310-00100017-00100386": "podcast, which I appreciate. So I use buzzsprout to host my", "nQS_0alRpKu-00311-00100386-00100827": "podcast audio. And I can see who listens to podcasts. I can't see", "nQS_0alRpKu-00312-00100827-00101169": "the actual name, but it says like, so 12 was listened to", "nQS_0alRpKu-00313-00101169-00101538": "today, Episode 11. So it's interesting to see when in what", "nQS_0alRpKu-00314-00101538-00101877": "episodes are still listened to six 9, 12 months down the line.", "nQS_0alRpKu-00315-00101901-00102264": "And it will only helps me understand as I tried to develop", "nQS_0alRpKu-00316-00102264-00102549": "it more, hey, people are going back and listen to that stock", "nQS_0alRpKu-00317-00102549-00102809": "episode a lot. People come back and listen to personal finance", "nQS_0alRpKu-00318-00102809-00103101": "episode a lot. So shows me those are the topics I probably should", "nQS_0alRpKu-00319-00103101-00103380": "recycle more often. Because those are getting the better", "nQS_0alRpKu-00320-00103380-00103431": "engagement.", "nQS_0alRpKu-00321-00103469-00103664": "Tiffany Youngren: Right? Oh, I love it. I love that you're", "nQS_0alRpKu-00322-00103664-00103952": "doing that. In fact, that's one of the things when when you", "nQS_0alRpKu-00323-00103952-00104273": "listen, especially to the Hot Seat, that hits it right on the", "nQS_0alRpKu-00324-00104273-00104560": "head what I'm talking about is as soon as you start getting", "nQS_0alRpKu-00325-00104560-00104963": "episodes out there, you learn so much, and you're able to grow", "nQS_0alRpKu-00326-00104963-00105407": "faster. So in the beginning, I had Neil Patel on one of my", "nQS_0alRpKu-00327-00105407-00105464": "initial", "nQS_0alRpKu-00328-00105470-00105542": "Randy Silver: I know that name,", "nQS_0alRpKu-00329-00105554-00105824": "Tiffany Youngren: yeah, one of my initial, like, I had 12", "nQS_0alRpKu-00330-00105827-00106088": "episodes of a podcast called Chat and Grow Marketing", "nQS_0alRpKu-00331-00106088-00106655": "Masterminds. And Neil Patel was one of them. And he and we", "nQS_0alRpKu-00332-00106655-00107000": "actually wrote, we've been we always write blog posts about", "nQS_0alRpKu-00333-00107000-00107330": "every episode, but with him, I think we wrote like two or", "nQS_0alRpKu-00334-00107330-00107798": "three. But, but he talked a lot about marketing being like", "nQS_0alRpKu-00335-00107798-00108074": "spaghetti, which I believe it's always testing, but it's that", "nQS_0alRpKu-00336-00108074-00108323": "whole throwing the spaghetti against the wall and see what", "nQS_0alRpKu-00337-00108323-00108752": "sticks. And I think he said it not literally, you know, we have", "nQS_0alRpKu-00338-00108752-00109064": "to be strategic, and we have to understand what we're doing.", "nQS_0alRpKu-00339-00109082-00109486": "However, it's true that once you've established your target", "nQS_0alRpKu-00340-00109490-00109858": "audience, you don't exactly know how they're going to respond", "nQS_0alRpKu-00341-00109858-00110147": "until they start responding. So I love that you're doing that", "nQS_0alRpKu-00342-00110147-00110414": "where you're looking at what episodes are getting listened to", "nQS_0alRpKu-00343-00110414-00110678": "how can we maybe take a different angle, or have that", "nQS_0alRpKu-00344-00110678-00111026": "person on again, so I love it. One of the things that you said", "nQS_0alRpKu-00345-00111026-00111508": "ahead of time, I asked you some questions before I invited you", "nQS_0alRpKu-00346-00111508-00111835": "on, like you said, I was really like weird and selective about", "nQS_0alRpKu-00347-00111863-00111968": "Randy Silver: You're professional, that's what we", "nQS_0alRpKu-00348-00111968-00111995": "call it.", "nQS_0alRpKu-00349-00112157-00112355": "Tiffany Youngren: And I like to promise people too like one", "nQS_0alRpKu-00350-00112355-00112655": "thing you can that you can expect from me is to be prepared", "nQS_0alRpKu-00351-00112655-00112997": "because I know that podcasters are busy, busy people make the", "nQS_0alRpKu-00352-00112997-00113417": "best podcasters. So I need to be respectful of that. But one of", "nQS_0alRpKu-00353-00113417-00113702": "the things that you said is that you wanted to build an empire.", "nQS_0alRpKu-00354-00113702-00113981": "You started to allude to that earlier you said I want to", "nQS_0alRpKu-00355-00114005-00114326": "branch and create a network of podcasts all under the umbrella", "nQS_0alRpKu-00356-00114326-00114626": "which you talked about having people who had different", "nQS_0alRpKu-00357-00114626-00114917": "specialties and things like that just a few minutes ago, and you", "nQS_0alRpKu-00358-00114917-00115258": "compared it to Cricket Media kind of like which I loved and", "nQS_0alRpKu-00359-00115258-00115592": "have a parallel and more than most importantly, help people", "nQS_0alRpKu-00360-00115592-00115892": "improve their lives and become better people. Why is that", "nQS_0alRpKu-00361-00115892-00115984": "important to you?", "nQS_0alRpKu-00362-00116068-00116344": "Randy Silver: Growing up my mom was a special ed teacher she's", "nQS_0alRpKu-00363-00116344-00116725": "still age is Excuse me. So I've always been around people who", "nQS_0alRpKu-00364-00116725-00117064": "probably started their life early at a disadvantage, pure", "nQS_0alRpKu-00365-00117064-00117384": "genetics, nothing that they could control. So whenever I", "nQS_0alRpKu-00366-00117384-00117715": "didn't have classes or anything with my school, she would take", "nQS_0alRpKu-00367-00117715-00117988": "me to her class I would get the help out the kids I've helped", "nQS_0alRpKu-00368-00117988-00118477": "out with Special Olympics and it just always gave me this drive", "nQS_0alRpKu-00369-00118480-00118771": "to want to help people improve their lives that took me to, I", "nQS_0alRpKu-00370-00118771-00119044": "worked at an animal shelter for four years and help dogs get", "nQS_0alRpKu-00371-00119044-00119398": "retrained. So I took it from humans to animals and I feel", "nQS_0alRpKu-00372-00119398-00119731": "like with this podcast, my calling is me able to really try", "nQS_0alRpKu-00373-00119731-00120025": "to help drive people to their goal drive people to become", "nQS_0alRpKu-00374-00120025-00120346": "better people, you know, people, my family unfortunately, dealt", "nQS_0alRpKu-00375-00120346-00120676": "with drug abuse and things like that. So trying to help them. So", "nQS_0alRpKu-00376-00120688-00121039": "it's my way of continuing to just in a side hobby again,", "nQS_0alRpKu-00377-00121039-00121468": "because it's my real job to be able to help people. And, you", "nQS_0alRpKu-00378-00121468-00121723": "know, the pandemic's been hard. We've all dealt with a lot. You", "nQS_0alRpKu-00379-00121723-00121963": "know, we're coming out of it. We're still not there quite yet.", "nQS_0alRpKu-00380-00121981-00122266": "And a lot of people probably did a lot of introspective like I", "nQS_0alRpKu-00381-00122266-00122596": "did, how do I fix myself how to become a better person. And", "nQS_0alRpKu-00382-00122596-00122992": "that's where weekly as we move in, I don't want people to feel", "nQS_0alRpKu-00383-00123064-00123388": "hurt or feel like they're giving back into old ways. So being", "nQS_0alRpKu-00384-00123388-00123640": "able to continue to help people week over week to understand", "nQS_0alRpKu-00385-00123640-00123958": "that they are beautiful, they're great people, your dreams can", "nQS_0alRpKu-00386-00123958-00124288": "become reality. It's not easy. But when you put your mind to", "nQS_0alRpKu-00387-00124288-00124513": "it, you have that Mamba mentality, you can make it", "nQS_0alRpKu-00388-00124513-00124549": "happen.", "nQS_0alRpKu-00389-00124581-00124833": "Tiffany Youngren: Yeah, that's great. Well, and there's so much", "nQS_0alRpKu-00390-00124833-00125283": "more to it than just making a great world. It's like you get", "nQS_0alRpKu-00391-00125283-00125510": "to surround yourself with that world. So I think that that's", "nQS_0alRpKu-00392-00125510-00125595": "really beautiful.", "nQS_0alRpKu-00393-00125622-00125898": "Randy Silver: People always tell sorry that there's always people", "nQS_0alRpKu-00394-00125898-00126180": "always tell me like, you can't be this positive, like, there", "nQS_0alRpKu-00395-00126180-00126564": "has to be fake. I'm like, No, like, I choose not to look at", "nQS_0alRpKu-00396-00126564-00126813": "the world in the negative light. Yes, fair enough. Again, like,", "nQS_0alRpKu-00397-00126884-00127068": "you see, and like, I hate to bring this up. You see someone", "nQS_0alRpKu-00398-00127068-00127380": "shoot up a school. Like, there's no way that can be positive.", "nQS_0alRpKu-00399-00127380-00127866": "It's a terrible situation. But we can move forward, hopefully", "nQS_0alRpKu-00400-00127866-00128100": "with the idea of how do we make sure this doesn't happen again,", "nQS_0alRpKu-00401-00128121-00128309": "I'm just trying to do with people is like, yes, the", "nQS_0alRpKu-00402-00128309-00128636": "negative will happen. But we can come together as a society as a", "nQS_0alRpKu-00403-00128636-00129033": "group or as individual and persevere to a better place.", "nQS_0alRpKu-00404-00129035-00129168": "That will never happen again.", "nQS_0alRpKu-00405-00129204-00129468": "Tiffany Youngren: Yeah, that's so true. So what's standing", "nQS_0alRpKu-00406-00129468-00129702": "between you and that Empire right now?", "nQS_0alRpKu-00407-00129868-00130483": "Randy Silver: Please subscribe to my YouTube. Yeah, I just I'm,", "nQS_0alRpKu-00408-00130483-00130867": "as I said, 98 people on the YouTube subscribe, y'all have", "nQS_0alRpKu-00409-00130867-00131245": "probably, again, around 100, 200 on the audio, so I'm not there", "nQS_0alRpKu-00410-00131245-00131584": "yet. I need to build a bigger clientele. I like I said, I'm", "nQS_0alRpKu-00411-00131584-00131809": "not monetizing it. So I'm not making any money. So say I", "nQS_0alRpKu-00412-00131809-00132193": "wanted to bring someone in to start the podcast, they may be", "nQS_0alRpKu-00413-00132193-00132454": "asking for money, things like that, you know, I'm that this", "nQS_0alRpKu-00414-00132454-00132754": "isn't my full time job. So if I wanted to start a second podcast", "nQS_0alRpKu-00415-00132754-00133174": "to get more going, you know, it's already taking me doing my", "nQS_0alRpKu-00416-00133174-00133432": "day job for eight hours. And then I spent eight hours doing", "nQS_0alRpKu-00417-00133432-00133795": "the podcast daily type of thing. So the time commitment, I would", "nQS_0alRpKu-00418-00133795-00134086": "need to take that Leap of Fate on myself to make that happen.", "nQS_0alRpKu-00419-00134110-00134461": "Until I feel like there's more momentum, I have a bigger base", "nQS_0alRpKu-00420-00134464-00134941": "and I'm financially secure. Why can spend that time then right", "nQS_0alRpKu-00421-00134941-00135286": "now I just need to grow it at the paces going and not try to", "nQS_0alRpKu-00422-00135328-00135664": "skip any steps in my mind. Okay, that's a good question.", "nQS_0alRpKu-00423-00135664-00135751": "Hopefully, there's a trend here.", "nQS_0alRpKu-00424-00135831-00136125": "Tiffany Youngren: That's awesome. So what I'm hearing you", "nQS_0alRpKu-00425-00136125-00136701": "need subscribers so that you have the resources to buy time,", "nQS_0alRpKu-00426-00136704-00137175": "either make it your full time job or delegate so that other", "nQS_0alRpKu-00427-00137175-00137601": "people are running it so that you can use your highest and", "nQS_0alRpKu-00428-00137601-00138075": "best use on the podcast, but still be able to expand. So", "nQS_0alRpKu-00429-00138000-00138318": "Randy Silver: I'm trying to hire an intern actually they helped", "nQS_0alRpKu-00430-00138318-00138720": "me and I hit up every I live in San Diego and I hit up every San", "nQS_0alRpKu-00431-00138720-00139149": "Diego school San Diego State UC San Diego, USD, none of them hit", "nQS_0alRpKu-00432-00139149-00139344": "me back up. I was so disappointed. I hit up their", "nQS_0alRpKu-00433-00139344-00139650": "intern department. I hit the the communications department, their", "nQS_0alRpKu-00434-00139650-00139974": "videography department, emails, calls, I think maybe because of", "nQS_0alRpKu-00435-00139974-00140283": "the pandemic, but I wasn't able to get anybody to respond back", "nQS_0alRpKu-00436-00140283-00140673": "to me to be on my intern list for the summer and hire an", "nQS_0alRpKu-00437-00140673-00140979": "intern. I tried LinkedIn. No, I've been guaranteed by Sapa", "nQS_0alRpKu-00438-00140979-00141336": "LinkedIn. I've tried Craigslist ads. So I must have been doing", "nQS_0alRpKu-00439-00141336-00141537": "for messaging on my internship, for sure.", "nQS_0alRpKu-00440-00141639-00141765": "Tiffany Youngren: Was it free or paid?", "nQS_0alRpKu-00441-00141700-00142069": "Randy Silver: I started out as free, I might change it to paid", "nQS_0alRpKu-00442-00142069-00142252": "where, so I guess if you're listening, you want to be paid", "nQS_0alRpKu-00443-00142252-00142672": "in turn, starting whenever you want $500 a month, I'll teach", "nQS_0alRpKu-00444-00142672-00142909": "you everything around podcasting. What I truly need", "nQS_0alRpKu-00445-00142909-00143290": "help with is social media outreach that'd really helped me", "nQS_0alRpKu-00446-00143329-00143764": "not just, you know, do hashtags to continue to have people find", "nQS_0alRpKu-00447-00143764-00144148": "me, I really need help with people doing outreach, kind of", "nQS_0alRpKu-00448-00144148-00144409": "like a sales. I just have a limit of how much I can do", "nQS_0alRpKu-00449-00144409-00144730": "myself. So I really need someone to help me with that when I'm", "nQS_0alRpKu-00450-00144730-00144937": "doing all this other stuff that goes with the podcast.", "nQS_0alRpKu-00451-00144973-00145312": "Tiffany Youngren: Okay, perfect. So that gave me a good sense of", "nQS_0alRpKu-00452-00145333-00145729": "your why, why you're doing things and some foundational", "nQS_0alRpKu-00453-00145729-00145990": "things about your show. Let's talk a little bit about \"who.\"", "nQS_0alRpKu-00454-00145993-00146266": "Have you identified, you're in the market, you know, you're in", "nQS_0alRpKu-00455-00146266-00146605": "e commerce, so I trust that this isn't gonna be foreign to you", "nQS_0alRpKu-00456-00146605-00146971": "whatsoever. But have you? Have you identified your target", "nQS_0alRpKu-00457-00146971-00147256": "audience or your ideal listeners and viewers who that", "nQS_0alRpKu-00458-00147330-00147624": "Randy Silver: is mainly millennials, 18 to 35 year olds,", "nQS_0alRpKu-00459-00147645-00147855": "but you know, what I'm actually finding is which is really", "nQS_0alRpKu-00460-00147855-00148317": "interesting. My friend's parents love my podcast. So like, like", "nQS_0alRpKu-00461-00148320-00148686": "55 to 65 year olds, frequently are reaching out to me saying", "nQS_0alRpKu-00462-00148686-00148995": "like, I love the message. I wish this was around. When I was a", "nQS_0alRpKu-00463-00148995-00149343": "kid. I was growing up and heard this stuff. My guests are", "nQS_0alRpKu-00464-00149343-00149721": "definitely tailored into the millennial stage, but it's very", "nQS_0alRpKu-00465-00149721-00150153": "gratifying to hear that is resonating with Diversity of 40", "nQS_0alRpKu-00466-00150153-00150525": "plus years give or take 20 to 60. But I definitely am trying", "nQS_0alRpKu-00467-00150525-00150705": "to target that millennialism area.", "nQS_0alRpKu-00468-00150748-00150997": "Tiffany Youngren: Awesome. Well, if you're anything like me and", "nQS_0alRpKu-00469-00150997-00151444": "my kids, because my kids are all mid to upper 20s, and, you know,", "nQS_0alRpKu-00470-00151444-00151828": "these are things that we try to instill in them, so we probably", "nQS_0alRpKu-00471-00151828-00152044": "they probably listen to it too. Like, I would listen to like,", "nQS_0alRpKu-00472-00152047-00152383": "Oh, this is exactly, I'm so happy, my kids are listening to", "nQS_0alRpKu-00473-00152383-00152779": "this, and oh, wow, it's actually enjoyable. I could totally", "nQS_0alRpKu-00474-00152779-00153310": "envision that whole whole scene playing out. So um, so if you,", "nQS_0alRpKu-00475-00153322-00153625": "you know, you've talked about this, in other words, but, you", "nQS_0alRpKu-00476-00153625-00153844": "know, from a marketing standpoint, we're always looking", "nQS_0alRpKu-00477-00153844-00154150": "at what problem are you trying to solve for people? What is", "nQS_0alRpKu-00478-00154150-00154576": "their transformation, so they come to your show, and this is", "nQS_0alRpKu-00479-00154576-00154897": "what they're experiencing now. And then they are listening, you", "nQS_0alRpKu-00480-00154897-00155215": "know, after they listened to a couple episodes, this is what", "nQS_0alRpKu-00481-00155215-00155575": "they could see a change in their life. Have you identified that", "nQS_0alRpKu-00482-00155575-00155809": "transformation? And if so, can you share that?", "nQS_0alRpKu-00483-00155824-00156160": "Randy Silver: Yeah, so for most people, it would be, they either", "nQS_0alRpKu-00484-00156160-00156505": "stuck in a rut in their personal life, or they're don't, they're", "nQS_0alRpKu-00485-00156505-00156772": "lacking ambition in their professional life, they don't", "nQS_0alRpKu-00486-00156772-00157156": "know how to get from point A to point B to achieve their goal.", "nQS_0alRpKu-00487-00157189-00157471": "So when my people are coming on is they're talking about how", "nQS_0alRpKu-00488-00157471-00157831": "they made that change themselves. That could be one,", "nQS_0alRpKu-00489-00157834-00158092": "they quit their job and took that leap of faith on themselves", "nQS_0alRpKu-00490-00158107-00158449": "to become entrepreneur, and put the work in to make it happen.", "nQS_0alRpKu-00491-00158449-00158833": "And it can be be was they got the people around them", "nQS_0alRpKu-00492-00158833-00159130": "supporting cast family, friends, their network, to help them", "nQS_0alRpKu-00493-00159130-00159568": "overcome drug abuse, help them overcome suicidal thoughts,", "nQS_0alRpKu-00494-00159568-00159967": "personal issues, so they're able to understand that you can build", "nQS_0alRpKu-00495-00159967-00160213": "a network around you, it's not all on yourself to try to make", "nQS_0alRpKu-00496-00160213-00160651": "what is happening, or three is helping people understand how,", "nQS_0alRpKu-00497-00160654-00160891": "especially as we talk about millennials, how they're", "nQS_0alRpKu-00498-00160891-00161146": "becoming their element becoming adults. So we've had people come", "nQS_0alRpKu-00499-00161146-00161455": "on talk about getting their first loan, buying the first", "nQS_0alRpKu-00500-00161455-00161752": "house, getting a rental property, and moving to a", "nQS_0alRpKu-00501-00161752-00162046": "foreign country by themselves. So now they're understanding", "nQS_0alRpKu-00502-00162046-00162385": "these life, adult s type of skills that Fair enough, you", "nQS_0alRpKu-00503-00162385-00162682": "don't really get taught in school. Like I said, last week,", "nQS_0alRpKu-00504-00162682-00163030": "my episode was personal finance, we just talked about, like, how", "nQS_0alRpKu-00505-00163030-00163297": "do you save money? How do you not get in credit card debt? How", "nQS_0alRpKu-00506-00163297-00163519": "do you pay off debt, like a certain percentage that makes", "nQS_0alRpKu-00507-00163519-00163810": "sure you're able to potentially still go out on a Friday and not", "nQS_0alRpKu-00508-00163810-00164107": "feel like you're gonna lose money. So like, things like that", "nQS_0alRpKu-00509-00164128-00164398": "worth life lessons that people feel like they probably should", "nQS_0alRpKu-00510-00164398-00164641": "know, they don't, I think resonate the most, because then", "nQS_0alRpKu-00511-00164641-00164800": "it's very relatable in their own lives.", "nQS_0alRpKu-00512-00164871-00165030": "Tiffany Youngren: Yeah, I'm just kind of scrolling through the", "nQS_0alRpKu-00513-00165030-00165333": "topics. And it looks like you're talking about, you know,", "nQS_0alRpKu-00514-00165339-00165690": "everything from first time homebuyers and van life.", "nQS_0alRpKu-00515-00165747-00165861": "Randy Silver: Yeah that was a good one.", "nQS_0alRpKu-00516-00165867-00166053": "Tiffany Youngren: I love it traveling the world for a", "nQS_0alRpKu-00517-00166053-00166395": "living. So it's really the things that people love to hear", "nQS_0alRpKu-00518-00166395-00166719": "and talk about. So I think I think that's really good. It", "nQS_0alRpKu-00519-00166719-00166764": "sounds like", "nQS_0alRpKu-00520-00166833-00167109": "Randy Silver: and that's why I said, it goes back to you that", "nQS_0alRpKu-00521-00167124-00167379": "you could listen to van life two years from now, or you could", "nQS_0alRpKu-00522-00167379-00167613": "listen to it the week it came out. That doesn't matter when", "nQS_0alRpKu-00523-00167613-00167901": "you listen to it. And that's why I think I'm onto something in", "nQS_0alRpKu-00524-00167901-00168213": "this sense of how I frame this podcast, because it doesn't", "nQS_0alRpKu-00525-00168213-00168525": "matter when you listen to it. And it helps me people be like,", "nQS_0alRpKu-00526-00168528-00168837": "Oh, I heard his new episode. I love it. Let me go back and", "nQS_0alRpKu-00527-00168837-00169236": "look, oh, Van life, oh, by the house, oh, YouTube channel. And", "nQS_0alRpKu-00528-00169236-00169470": "now I get them hooked, because they're going back and listening", "nQS_0alRpKu-00529-00169470-00169803": "to previous episodes that you maybe want to be able to if it", "nQS_0alRpKu-00530-00169803-00170091": "was a commentary on social daily events,", "nQS_0alRpKu-00531-00170118-00170526": "Tiffany Youngren: right? Okay, awesome. And you'll, you'll find", "nQS_0alRpKu-00532-00170526-00170799": "it if you hear clicking, I am actually taking notes. Because", "nQS_0alRpKu-00533-00170799-00171111": "the idea is at the end of this, I just want to kind of gather", "nQS_0alRpKu-00534-00171111-00171462": "this information, and then just talk with you about some things,", "nQS_0alRpKu-00535-00171486-00171777": "some low hanging fruit, because you're just doing so many", "nQS_0alRpKu-00536-00171777-00172185": "things, right. And as you know, from your business, when you", "nQS_0alRpKu-00537-00172185-00172518": "can, number one, leverage that and just make a couple tweaks", "nQS_0alRpKu-00538-00172518-00172998": "even and see immediate results. It's just so powerful. Or some", "nQS_0alRpKu-00539-00172998-00173472": "things maybe that can be introduced that that would help", "nQS_0alRpKu-00540-00173472-00174030": "so and a lot of this we did talk about when it comes to who we", "nQS_0alRpKu-00541-00174030-00174447": "talked about evaluating your content, and you have episodes", "nQS_0alRpKu-00542-00174447-00174957": "that resonate, because you can see there's more engagement. And", "nQS_0alRpKu-00543-00174957-00175335": "we talked about measuring your audience. Have you joined online", "nQS_0alRpKu-00544-00175335-00175656": "groups or forums or anything like that to answer questions", "nQS_0alRpKu-00545-00175656-00175941": "that people who fit your ideal listenership?", "nQS_0alRpKu-00546-00175978-00176206": "Randy Silver: So I'm going to couple one, there's a Facebook", "nQS_0alRpKu-00547-00176206-00176632": "group called Poddit and you can post your podcasts there for", "nQS_0alRpKu-00548-00176632-00176965": "people to find you. Or you can say, hey, I want to be guests.", "nQS_0alRpKu-00549-00176965-00177262": "Here's my credentials. So I've been able to be a guest on shows", "nQS_0alRpKu-00550-00177262-00177508": "that way and also find some good guests when I post it.", "nQS_0alRpKu-00551-00177601-00177847": "corresponding to that Facebook group, they created a website", "nQS_0alRpKu-00552-00177847-00178279": "called Poddit, you guessed it so easy. I'm a part of that. And", "nQS_0alRpKu-00553-00178279-00178573": "that one's a little bit more tangible, where you can get more", "nQS_0alRpKu-00554-00178573-00178903": "into your show people can give you reviews. So I usually get", "nQS_0alRpKu-00555-00178903-00179149": "probably five to 10 people a week reaching out to me to come", "nQS_0alRpKu-00556-00179149-00179428": "on my podcast because I've been highly ranked on that website.", "nQS_0alRpKu-00557-00179455-00179833": "People give me good reviews. So I'm able to get people that way.", "nQS_0alRpKu-00558-00179851-00180205": "And luckily I can say I Have a good network. So I've been able", "nQS_0alRpKu-00559-00180205-00180496": "to get a lot of guests coming in who found me through YouTube,", "nQS_0alRpKu-00560-00180496-00180799": "find me through Instagram, friends of friends, and I'm not", "nQS_0alRpKu-00561-00180799-00180997": "afraid to reach out to someone and be like, Hey, I have a", "nQS_0alRpKu-00562-00180997-00181315": "podcast. Here's my link. This is what I think you'd be interested", "nQS_0alRpKu-00563-00181315-00181594": "talking about. So I figured cornucopia of all of them", "nQS_0alRpKu-00564-00181594-00181693": "together really helped me.", "nQS_0alRpKu-00565-00181722-00182019": "Tiffany Youngren: Yeah. So one thing that I know has helped me", "nQS_0alRpKu-00566-00182019-00182448": "a lot is when I am really clear about who my audience is, like,", "nQS_0alRpKu-00567-00182448-00182742": "I know you mentioned yours is millennials. But if you really", "nQS_0alRpKu-00568-00182742-00183231": "have a good, firm grip on exactly who that person is,", "nQS_0alRpKu-00569-00183246-00183579": "let's say you like millennial, you know, the people who really", "nQS_0alRpKu-00570-00183579-00183831": "love your show, or millennials who like to travel, or", "nQS_0alRpKu-00571-00183831-00184044": "millennials who are just starting to go out and buy a", "nQS_0alRpKu-00572-00184044-00184539": "house. If you know, you have episodes that come on regularly", "nQS_0alRpKu-00573-00184539-00184971": "with that topic in minds, joining a group of millennials,", "nQS_0alRpKu-00574-00185097-00185319": "you know, something like that, where you're answering those", "nQS_0alRpKu-00575-00185319-00185604": "questions, because what happens, you have all these, these", "nQS_0alRpKu-00576-00185604-00186021": "episodes that directly speak to the things that they're talking", "nQS_0alRpKu-00577-00186021-00186420": "about. Because I found a lot of podcasters, join podcast groups,", "nQS_0alRpKu-00578-00186420-00186639": "which is great, especially like what you're talking about,", "nQS_0alRpKu-00579-00186639-00186942": "everyone wants to be on shows and things like that. But it's", "nQS_0alRpKu-00580-00186942-00187410": "really powerful when you can go on to groups that are maybe not", "nQS_0alRpKu-00581-00187410-00187737": "necessarily in podcasting, unless you're unless your ideal", "nQS_0alRpKu-00582-00187737-00187920": "audience. You're saying, Yes,", "nQS_0alRpKu-00583-00187959-00188034": "Randy Silver: podcasters", "nQS_0alRpKu-00584-00188040-00188274": "Tiffany Youngren: are millennials. But if they're, if", "nQS_0alRpKu-00585-00188274-00188505": "you're like, Well, no, they're actually millennials who,", "nQS_0alRpKu-00586-00188559-00188787": "sometimes they listen to podcasts, but they're probably", "nQS_0alRpKu-00587-00188787-00189111": "not, you know, maybe they're making a podcast, but more of", "nQS_0alRpKu-00588-00189111-00189360": "the lifestyle interests that you're speaking to. Does that", "nQS_0alRpKu-00589-00189360-00189414": "make sense?", "nQS_0alRpKu-00590-00189400-00189565": "Randy Silver: Yeah, it makes perfect sense. And so I kind of", "nQS_0alRpKu-00591-00189565-00189883": "do that in the vein, is I do that with Reddit. I can't I want", "nQS_0alRpKu-00592-00189883-00190186": "to say I'm a part of those groups that would read it. Every", "nQS_0alRpKu-00593-00190186-00190513": "week when my episode comes out on Monday, say it's around real", "nQS_0alRpKu-00594-00190513-00190783": "estate. I'll make sure the posts in those real estate groups and", "nQS_0alRpKu-00595-00190783-00191113": "they'll dialogue for the seven days when ads running a sales", "nQS_0alRpKu-00596-00191113-00191407": "van life I do it. There's obviously podcast groups on", "nQS_0alRpKu-00597-00191407-00191719": "Reddit. But you're right, I could probably do better at", "nQS_0alRpKu-00598-00191719-00192061": "being those groups consistently, by I try to make sure when the", "nQS_0alRpKu-00599-00192067-00192397": "episodes relevant to that type of group, I post in those", "nQS_0alRpKu-00600-00192397-00192772": "reddits, or Facebook groups, that way I'm able to draw that", "nQS_0alRpKu-00601-00192772-00193174": "audience in for that selective episode. That's awesome. I love", "nQS_0alRpKu-00602-00193174-00193513": "that. But again, when it comes down to this isn't my daily job", "nQS_0alRpKu-00603-00193513-00193819": "where it takes a lot of time to posting the repost and the", "nQS_0alRpKu-00604-00193819-00194224": "commenting plus the editing. So where do I, how much time do I", "nQS_0alRpKu-00605-00194224-00194479": "have invest in that, where I want to get to I want to go", "nQS_0alRpKu-00606-00194479-00194860": "while I'm still trying to, you know, do my CRM job type of", "nQS_0alRpKu-00607-00194860-00195007": "thing. So it's hard.", "nQS_0alRpKu-00608-00195015-00195285": "Tiffany Youngren: The funny thing is, is podcasting. That's", "nQS_0alRpKu-00609-00195285-00195588": "one thing that most podcasters have in common, where it's not", "nQS_0alRpKu-00610-00195588-00195924": "their main thing, even if it's their main thing, like, I help", "nQS_0alRpKu-00611-00195924-00196236": "people with podcasts, and I have a podcast about podcasts. So I", "nQS_0alRpKu-00612-00196236-00196689": "mean, it fits. However, I also have to do like I struggle with", "nQS_0alRpKu-00613-00196689-00197067": "what you're talking about, too. One of the things that I do to", "nQS_0alRpKu-00614-00197067-00197421": "help with that is I have what I call my pajama work, which is", "nQS_0alRpKu-00615-00197421-00197673": "where I'm just like laying on the couch watching, you know,", "nQS_0alRpKu-00616-00197673-00198117": "Shark Tank, quite literally. And I'll just sit and like respond", "nQS_0alRpKu-00617-00198117-00198501": "to stuff. And honestly, that creates. So it creates more", "nQS_0alRpKu-00618-00198501-00198864": "work, honestly, than I even have time for the next week. So I", "nQS_0alRpKu-00619-00198864-00199161": "would say that, especially if you're active in Reddit, and", "nQS_0alRpKu-00620-00199161-00199614": "you've already seen results from it. If you just set some you", "nQS_0alRpKu-00621-00199614-00199830": "know, you can call it whatever you don't have to have your", "nQS_0alRpKu-00622-00199830-00200307": "pajamas on, but I'll call PJ time. There you go. But it's", "nQS_0alRpKu-00623-00200307-00200583": "worked so well for me, because it honestly feels like I'm", "nQS_0alRpKu-00624-00200583-00200799": "wasting time is that kind of do you struggle with that ever?", "nQS_0alRpKu-00625-00200799-00201069": "Where you're just like, I'm just talking on a thread, it doesn't", "nQS_0alRpKu-00626-00201069-00201378": "feel like I'm actually working or do you feel like this is work", "nQS_0alRpKu-00627-00201378-00201492": "and I don't want to do it.", "nQS_0alRpKu-00628-00201522-00201768": "Randy Silver: It feels like that a bit. But like when you call PJ", "nQS_0alRpKu-00629-00201768-00202029": "time is I call editing time because I'm putting out the", "nQS_0alRpKu-00630-00202029-00202350": "videos daily, weekly type of thing. So when I want to do that", "nQS_0alRpKu-00631-00202350-00202716": "more conversational, it's like, well, I have four days to get", "nQS_0alRpKu-00632-00202716-00202944": "this podcast out. If I'm gonna be gone this week on the camping", "nQS_0alRpKu-00633-00202944-00203172": "trip, like I have to pick and choose. That's why I think", "nQS_0alRpKu-00634-00203172-00203499": "having an intern was really helped me be able to do that", "nQS_0alRpKu-00635-00203502-00203625": "consistently throughout the day.", "nQS_0alRpKu-00636-00203646-00203910": "Tiffany Youngren: Yeah, yeah. Awesome. Okay, cool. That just", "nQS_0alRpKu-00637-00203910-00204006": "gives me a great yeah.", "nQS_0alRpKu-00638-00204042-00204171": "Randy Silver: I said, we're there somewhere. People", "nQS_0alRpKu-00639-00204318-00204516": "Tiffany Youngren: love it. I love it. Well, I love those", "nQS_0alRpKu-00640-00204516-00204792": "conversations. I mean, I hate doing them. It's kind of like", "nQS_0alRpKu-00641-00204792-00205128": "exercise where it's like, once I'm doing it, it's really fun.", "nQS_0alRpKu-00642-00205152-00205421": "But it's just that getting to it. Whereas editing is just", "nQS_0alRpKu-00643-00205421-00205758": "work. Like, literally, I there's nothing about it that I feel", "nQS_0alRpKu-00644-00205758-00206021": "like I would do it. If I didn't wear my pajamas. It's just", "nQS_0alRpKu-00645-00206021-00206331": "because I'm late. Like that's the only reason. But with that", "nQS_0alRpKu-00646-00206334-00206655": "with the conversations about because when you're when you're", "nQS_0alRpKu-00647-00206655-00206901": "talking about your episode on threads, it's like you're", "nQS_0alRpKu-00648-00206901-00207194": "reliving it. That's how I feel. It's like, Oh, yeah, you know", "nQS_0alRpKu-00649-00207194-00207392": "this guy, because that's how you're answering. It's like, oh,", "nQS_0alRpKu-00650-00207402-00207690": "someone asks a question about the topic. And you're like, Oh", "nQS_0alRpKu-00651-00207690-00207963": "my gosh, this person talked about this. Sometimes they'll", "nQS_0alRpKu-00652-00207963-00208169": "even say like, here are the three things that they talked", "nQS_0alRpKu-00653-00208169-00208482": "about. And and then you know what that does, it just makes", "nQS_0alRpKu-00654-00208482-00208740": "them want to go straight to your show. And then as soon as one", "nQS_0alRpKu-00655-00208740-00209055": "person does five people do and even if you don't, because I", "nQS_0alRpKu-00656-00209055-00209361": "don't do pajama time every week even I mean, I know you're", "nQS_0alRpKu-00657-00209361-00209529": "supposed to be consistent and there are things that I'm", "nQS_0alRpKu-00658-00209529-00209814": "consistent about, but that's just one thing that I give", "nQS_0alRpKu-00659-00209814-00210132": "myself a carte blanche like as long as I could do it one week", "nQS_0alRpKu-00660-00210132-00210477": "for two hours, just because I enjoy it once I get started. But", "nQS_0alRpKu-00661-00210477-00210842": "then I am slammed because it made all this extra work for me.", "nQS_0alRpKu-00662-00210969-00211196": "It actually works. And so", "nQS_0alRpKu-00663-00211196-00211251": "Randy Silver: I'm sorry,", "nQS_0alRpKu-00664-00211311-00211551": "Tiffany Youngren: exactly. So what I what I would say", "nQS_0alRpKu-00665-00211551-00211911": "something like it just it's so powerful, and you already know", "nQS_0alRpKu-00666-00211911-00212307": "how to do it. It's just something the principal needs to", "nQS_0alRpKu-00667-00212307-00212676": "do, you know, like, yes, you could delegate this, for sure.", "nQS_0alRpKu-00668-00212703-00213057": "But even if you just like blocked out 15 minutes and had", "nQS_0alRpKu-00669-00213057-00213342": "it as a calendar event, and that's all you did was 15", "nQS_0alRpKu-00670-00213342-00213675": "minutes, I just think you're gonna see a lot of results out", "nQS_0alRpKu-00671-00213675-00214029": "of that. So it's time well spent. And it's unless it's", "nQS_0alRpKu-00672-00214029-00214275": "excruciating, then I would say you should probably go another,", "nQS_0alRpKu-00673-00214275-00214721": "you know, like, that you should make time for but Okay, so", "nQS_0alRpKu-00674-00214721-00215166": "that's awesome. Um, let's talk a little bit about the things that", "nQS_0alRpKu-00675-00215166-00215514": "you're doing that work. Number one, if you were to pick one", "nQS_0alRpKu-00676-00215514-00215802": "thing that's just getting you the absolute most results, what", "nQS_0alRpKu-00677-00215802-00215853": "would it be", "nQS_0alRpKu-00678-00215976-00216242": "Randy Silver: Remarketing me my content. So like I said,", "nQS_0alRpKu-00679-00216248-00216579": "originally, I was doing audio only. And using buzzsprout. They", "nQS_0alRpKu-00680-00216579-00217035": "give you audio grams, but it's just a blank thing, you got to", "nQS_0alRpKu-00681-00217035-00217425": "hope people like click the sound on it, I create. Now with Final", "nQS_0alRpKu-00682-00217425-00217785": "Cut Pro cam videos, I'm able to create videos, those videos, go", "nQS_0alRpKu-00683-00217785-00218271": "on Facebook, LinkedIn, tik tok, and Instagram, and sorry, and", "nQS_0alRpKu-00684-00218271-00218640": "YouTube shorts. So I'm able to create this clip, I can edit it", "nQS_0alRpKu-00685-00218640-00218969": "up. And the key point here, if you take anything from this,", "nQS_0alRpKu-00686-00218996-00219285": "always put captions on your videos. Most people when they're", "nQS_0alRpKu-00687-00219285-00219576": "scrolling through any social media probably have the sound", "nQS_0alRpKu-00688-00219576-00219992": "off, more likely than not. So you can just caption your video,", "nQS_0alRpKu-00689-00219998-00220223": "and people are gonna read it and they'll put the sound on, if", "nQS_0alRpKu-00690-00220223-00220421": "they don't put the sound on, they're able to see your message", "nQS_0alRpKu-00691-00220421-00220806": "regardless, it's just not a talking head. So I learned. So", "nQS_0alRpKu-00692-00220806-00221178": "that's a key thing. And, you know, it takes me probably four", "nQS_0alRpKu-00693-00221178-00221541": "to six hours per user, per podcast, I create the thing,", "nQS_0alRpKu-00694-00221541-00221817": "create the marketing clip that I have to optimize it for", "nQS_0alRpKu-00695-00221817-00222126": "Instagram, the square, then I got to optimize it for Tick", "nQS_0alRpKu-00696-00222126-00222351": "tock, optimize it for YouTube shorts to make sure it's", "nQS_0alRpKu-00697-00222354-00222698": "elongated, so it fits right, you got to make sure it's between,", "nQS_0alRpKu-00698-00222723-00223080": "depending on the channel 15 or 45 seconds, that way, it hits", "nQS_0alRpKu-00699-00223080-00223398": "the algorithm correctly. So things like that. So again, that", "nQS_0alRpKu-00700-00223398-00223701": "takes so much time, I want to be able to set 15 minutes aside,", "nQS_0alRpKu-00701-00223713-00224052": "but if I got to spend eight hours doing my marketing clips", "nQS_0alRpKu-00702-00224052-00224325": "for the week, like I'm burnt out, and like I don't want to", "nQS_0alRpKu-00703-00224325-00224621": "sit there Yeah, sorry. So that is probably the biggest thing is", "nQS_0alRpKu-00704-00224625-00224877": "now that I have the video that I've been doing that is those", "nQS_0alRpKu-00705-00224877-00225189": "clips, like send out, I create five or six clips a week so that", "nQS_0alRpKu-00706-00225189-00225585": "way, with YouTube shorts are sent out automatically go Tick", "nQS_0alRpKu-00707-00225585-00225906": "Tock and Instagram then I have to do manually face you can", "nQS_0alRpKu-00708-00225906-00226080": "obviously get an app that probably does it for you.", "nQS_0alRpKu-00709-00226131-00226419": "Facebook they're set out to go so that way I can just hashtag", "nQS_0alRpKu-00710-00226421-00226719": "those clips and people can find them. And I get really good user", "nQS_0alRpKu-00711-00226719-00227042": "engagement, I'm able to then you know people share it, like", "nQS_0alRpKu-00712-00227046-00227396": "Autograph my, the people I did this week, the DJ group on", "nQS_0alRpKu-00713-00227396-00227669": "Instagram, they got 30,000 followers, they have 100,000", "nQS_0alRpKu-00714-00227669-00227982": "followers on Facebook, they've already you know, repurposed my", "nQS_0alRpKu-00715-00227982-00228294": "clips for their own personal use cuz I give it to them. They have", "nQS_0alRpKu-00716-00228294-00228671": "reshared my stories, my posts, so then in the same vein of", "nQS_0alRpKu-00717-00228671-00228987": "going to Reddit trying to get people that automatically me", "nQS_0alRpKu-00718-00228987-00229311": "putting the time in now 30,000 people just saw my clip and I", "nQS_0alRpKu-00719-00229311-00229638": "watermark it with my logo, everything with it. So that way", "nQS_0alRpKu-00720-00229650-00229911": "it's living on the internet for people to see with my link there", "nQS_0alRpKu-00721-00229911-00230064": "and it really helps me grow the brand.", "nQS_0alRpKu-00722-00230115-00230391": "Tiffany Youngren: So your link, do you consistently link back to", "nQS_0alRpKu-00723-00230391-00230502": "your YouTube page?", "nQS_0alRpKu-00724-00230551-00230848": "Randy Silver: Yeah, \"link in bio\" is my catch word, the catch", "nQS_0alRpKu-00725-00230848-00231369": "phrase, \"link in bio,\" but I link my bio on Instagram. The", "nQS_0alRpKu-00726-00231369-00231748": "first thing that I put in there, I'll send you screenshots so you", "nQS_0alRpKu-00727-00231748-00232066": "can see so you can put this on the video for your audiences. I", "nQS_0alRpKu-00728-00232066-00232567": "say like new new YouTube video 510 podcasts with Autograph and", "nQS_0alRpKu-00729-00232567-00232876": "then below it it will say listen on Apple listen on Spotify, so", "nQS_0alRpKu-00730-00232876-00233215": "that way, the three main ways I know people do it so right there", "nQS_0alRpKu-00731-00233215-00233575": "my link for tik tok YouTube Instagram [inaud] YouTube, tick", "nQS_0alRpKu-00732-00233575-00233911": "tock Facebook or Instagram. And then when my new like daily or", "nQS_0alRpKu-00733-00233911-00234253": "blog videos come out, I'll put that right above it may vlog,", "nQS_0alRpKu-00734-00234259-00234631": "new video release when not so it's catching the eye. And then", "nQS_0alRpKu-00735-00234631-00234958": "below that, I'll put like, YouTube channel, Patreon,", "nQS_0alRpKu-00736-00234991-00235296": "LinkedIn, so stuff, they kind of get to know me a bit better. But", "nQS_0alRpKu-00737-00235296-00235531": "stuff I really want them gravitate I make sure it's right", "nQS_0alRpKu-00738-00235531-00235939": "there. And any video I have anywhere. I always end with like", "nQS_0alRpKu-00739-00235960-00236271": "\"Want to see more? Link in bio, here's a link,\" so that way,", "nQS_0alRpKu-00740-00236271-00236389": "there's always a call to action.", "nQS_0alRpKu-00741-00236436-00236823": "Tiffany Youngren: Right? So you do have a blog? Do you write a", "nQS_0alRpKu-00742-00236823-00237069": "blog post for each and every episode?", "nQS_0alRpKu-00743-00237096-00237248": "Randy Silver: I did that. And then I started the YouTube", "nQS_0alRpKu-00744-00237248-00237558": "channel. And I kind of fell off on the blog. But I used to do a", "nQS_0alRpKu-00745-00237558-00237990": "blog for every episode that was coming out and then again, just", "nQS_0alRpKu-00746-00238067-00238362": "I should continue to do it because that was the blogging", "nQS_0alRpKu-00747-00238362-00238596": "website was more for SEO. But now they have the YouTube it", "nQS_0alRpKu-00748-00238596-00238902": "really helps with the SEO part of it. I should continue to do", "nQS_0alRpKu-00749-00238902-00239130": "it. But then it comes down to again like I'm just doing so", "nQS_0alRpKu-00750-00239130-00239496": "much where I just get tired but then the day and it's not an", "nQS_0alRpKu-00751-00239496-00239792": "excuse. So like I apologize everyone out there. I should be", "nQS_0alRpKu-00752-00239792-00240063": "doing a vlog every week but now that I'm treating The videos go", "nQS_0alRpKu-00753-00240063-00240366": "with it. And I'm doing like the blog videos and whatnot is kind", "nQS_0alRpKu-00754-00240366-00240675": "of around the same purpose to the degree, but I should", "nQS_0alRpKu-00755-00240678-00240842": "continue to do the blog on my website.", "nQS_0alRpKu-00756-00240908-00241079": "Tiffany Youngren: Well don't should all over yourself too", "nQS_0alRpKu-00757-00241079-00241559": "much. And honestly, like, I always feel like, um, you know,", "nQS_0alRpKu-00758-00241559-00241907": "prioritizing is really important. So, in my world,", "nQS_0alRpKu-00759-00241907-00242366": "we've got like, processes that you can hand off to VA's to do", "nQS_0alRpKu-00760-00242366-00242603": "exactly what you're talking about, to repurpose content and", "nQS_0alRpKu-00761-00242603-00242948": "do all that. One thing I found is like we I put together a wish", "nQS_0alRpKu-00762-00242948-00243203": "list like everything that I should be doing that I've been", "nQS_0alRpKu-00763-00243203-00243509": "shoulding all over myself for all these years. And that's a", "nQS_0alRpKu-00764-00243509-00243911": "process we call our 41 plus pieces, like it's insane. So", "nQS_0alRpKu-00765-00243911-00244219": "it's like for massive multiplication. But we're now", "nQS_0alRpKu-00766-00244219-00244492": "putting together just a core one, because I felt like it just", "nQS_0alRpKu-00767-00244492-00245194": "was so much like, burning out. I was like, what, like, so for", "nQS_0alRpKu-00768-00245194-00245540": "someone who's been doing it a long time, it's ideal. But even", "nQS_0alRpKu-00769-00245542-00245786": "even if you've been doing it a long time, but you're not quite", "nQS_0alRpKu-00770-00245792-00246169": "You know, you're not to phase two yet. It's a great phase one.", "nQS_0alRpKu-00771-00246200-00246485": "We're working on that core part. So what you're saying completely", "nQS_0alRpKu-00772-00246485-00246890": "resonates with me, I am such a huge believer in the blog post.", "nQS_0alRpKu-00773-00246890-00247198": "Now, having said that, I totally understand what you're saying", "nQS_0alRpKu-00774-00247198-00247471": "about YouTube, because, you know, Google owns the world. So", "nQS_0alRpKu-00775-00247475-00247867": "if it's on YouTube, it's still Yeah, it's still gonna show up,", "nQS_0alRpKu-00776-00247911-00248112": "Randy Silver: hypothetically, I could just put those videos into", "nQS_0alRpKu-00777-00248112-00248331": "a blog post and just let that like, be on the website. So", "nQS_0alRpKu-00778-00248331-00248648": "like, th ere's things I could do that, like, what, like pretty", "nQS_0alRpKu-00779-00248648-00248805": "much cheat the system is still do it.", "nQS_0alRpKu-00780-00248846-00249036": "Tiffany Youngren: Well, well, ideally, and this is what I tell", "nQS_0alRpKu-00781-00249036-00249315": "all my people for if we're going okay, let's just, let's just", "nQS_0alRpKu-00782-00249315-00249705": "start with the core, the core stuff, it is number one, the", "nQS_0alRpKu-00783-00249705-00250209": "blog, like number one, and then it's video, like I because there", "nQS_0alRpKu-00784-00250209-00250557": "was a study that came out with Edison research and NPR, that", "nQS_0alRpKu-00785-00250584-00250929": "they were ranking how people find podcasts. And the number", "nQS_0alRpKu-00786-00250929-00251373": "one way that they found it was through web searches. And while", "nQS_0alRpKu-00787-00251373-00251844": "YouTube is effective, by writing a blog post that's optimized,", "nQS_0alRpKu-00788-00251846-00252269": "and then embedding the video, you know, or embedded, really,", "nQS_0alRpKu-00789-00252306-00252519": "we embed the audio because we want", "nQS_0alRpKu-00790-00252596-00252660": "Randy Silver: podcasts,", "nQS_0alRpKu-00791-00252660-00252869": "Tiffany Youngren: yeah, play, we want that download number. But,", "nQS_0alRpKu-00792-00252909-00253292": "um, but at the end of the day, if you're optimized for video,", "nQS_0alRpKu-00793-00253292-00253623": "like in your case, I would say embed the video because you are", "nQS_0alRpKu-00794-00253623-00253929": "optimizing for video, that's where you want everybody going.", "nQS_0alRpKu-00795-00253973-00254373": "And then that way, you're you're double teaming the SEO, you", "nQS_0alRpKu-00796-00254373-00254696": "know, it's like you've got the the video side of it. But people", "nQS_0alRpKu-00797-00254696-00255057": "are landing on your page. The other thing is that, you know,", "nQS_0alRpKu-00798-00255057-00255371": "people don't like choices very much. And so it always stresses", "nQS_0alRpKu-00799-00255371-00255582": "me out when we're giving them more than like one or two", "nQS_0alRpKu-00800-00255582-00255998": "choices. And so when I'm linking people back, I just want one", "nQS_0alRpKu-00801-00255998-00256341": "link, like, I just want one link to that. And if it's a big name", "nQS_0alRpKu-00802-00256341-00256602": "or something, I'll give them their own, you know, shortened", "nQS_0alRpKu-00803-00256602-00257091": "link. And so but it'll go to the blog post so that every time", "nQS_0alRpKu-00804-00257123-00257541": "they're getting the media that I want them to consume, but then", "nQS_0alRpKu-00805-00257541-00257844": "there's all this subscribe links right there. So it's like, you", "nQS_0alRpKu-00806-00257844-00258153": "know, listen to it on your podcast. So they go to that blog", "nQS_0alRpKu-00807-00258153-00258534": "post, and just by more people going to the blog post by it", "nQS_0alRpKu-00808-00258534-00258942": "being all over again, you're crushing it in SEO, because it's", "nQS_0alRpKu-00809-00258944-00259404": "just getting, you know, sent over and over. Yeah. It's", "nQS_0alRpKu-00810-00259404-00259737": "extremely powerful. And I've started podcasts and left them", "nQS_0alRpKu-00811-00259737-00260085": "alone. And still, it's the blog post, I believe, because we've", "nQS_0alRpKu-00812-00260085-00260409": "been doing it from day one where we've just done blog posts, and", "nQS_0alRpKu-00813-00260409-00260717": "then we'll add a video and I'll kind of test it, having the", "nQS_0alRpKu-00814-00260717-00261344": "video embedded does improve the pages performance, but that blog", "nQS_0alRpKu-00815-00261344-00261615": "post, I would say if there was one thing if I can make you do", "nQS_0alRpKu-00816-00261615-00261896": "anything, it would be like get your blog post, embed your", "nQS_0alRpKu-00817-00261896-00262182": "videos because that's that's what you optimize for. It sounds", "nQS_0alRpKu-00818-00262182-00262653": "like and, and then having the daily videos is huge, because,", "nQS_0alRpKu-00819-00262677-00263085": "you know, I listened to I don't just listen to the podcasters I", "nQS_0alRpKu-00820-00263085-00263370": "listened to people in other industries were like, you need a", "nQS_0alRpKu-00821-00263370-00263661": "podcast because in fact right now I'm learning all about like", "nQS_0alRpKu-00822-00263667-00264003": "real estate syndication, completely unrelated. But he's,", "nQS_0alRpKu-00823-00264009-00264363": "you know, he built this entire multimillion dollar company", "nQS_0alRpKu-00824-00264363-00264858": "based on a podcast to develop his credibility as a real", "nQS_0alRpKu-00825-00264858-00265257": "estate, syndicater. Real estate syndicators, you know, take, you", "nQS_0alRpKu-00826-00265257-00265566": "know, 10s or hundreds of 1000s of dollars from people who don't", "nQS_0alRpKu-00827-00265566-00265914": "have a say in the investments and invest the money for them.", "nQS_0alRpKu-00828-00265914-00266274": "And so you need an incredible amount of credibility. Yeah,", "nQS_0alRpKu-00829-00266280-00266616": "podcasting is was number one thing and even listening to him,", "nQS_0alRpKu-00830-00266703-00267120": "you know, it, it came down to the same thing where it's like,", "nQS_0alRpKu-00831-00267123-00267387": "you know, just getting it what you're doing, where you're", "nQS_0alRpKu-00832-00267387-00267744": "multiplying the content, getting it out there a lot, but getting", "nQS_0alRpKu-00833-00267744-00268167": "found is by people that you never would have gotten found by", "nQS_0alRpKu-00834-00268167-00268404": "is just extremely powerful. So", "nQS_0alRpKu-00835-00268455-00268701": "Randy Silver: I agree. I love when people out there comment on", "nQS_0alRpKu-00836-00268701-00268965": "my videos and be like, thank you for treating this video. Thanks", "nQS_0alRpKu-00837-00268965-00269256": "for putting us out there. It just makes my day. It just", "nQS_0alRpKu-00838-00269256-00269364": "absolutely makes my day.", "nQS_0alRpKu-00839-00269406-00269580": "Tiffany Youngren: Okay, so if you're listening and you go,", "nQS_0alRpKu-00840-00269580-00269847": "make sure you look, make sure you go to and we'll include a", "nQS_0alRpKu-00841-00269847-00270186": "link obviously but the Leap of Fate podcast and when you do", "nQS_0alRpKu-00842-00270222-00270648": "subscribe to the video for sure. And then tell Randy what that", "nQS_0alRpKu-00843-00270651-00271116": "episode meant to you. But, but I would say, you know, before we", "nQS_0alRpKu-00844-00271122-00271536": "before we wrap this up, I would say, you know, I promised you my", "nQS_0alRpKu-00845-00271536-00271962": "promises were number one, I would be prepared that statistic", "nQS_0alRpKu-00846-00271962-00272268": "I need to go look up, I felt, you know, hopefully that was,", "nQS_0alRpKu-00847-00272295-00272397": "Randy Silver: I give you an A plus plus.", "nQS_0alRpKu-00848-00272561-00272822": "Tiffany Youngren: Okay, thank you, Randy. And then the other", "nQS_0alRpKu-00849-00272822-00273224": "thing I want you to walk away with is an actionable step that", "nQS_0alRpKu-00850-00273224-00273539": "you could see yourself being able to take that impacts your", "nQS_0alRpKu-00851-00273539-00273830": "show within the next 30 days. And we talked about a couple", "nQS_0alRpKu-00852-00273830-00274118": "already, you know, the Reddit even just upping it just a", "nQS_0alRpKu-00853-00274118-00274388": "little bit, I think you're gonna see a result, we talked about", "nQS_0alRpKu-00854-00274388-00274658": "the blog post. But ultimately, your number one thing is", "nQS_0alRpKu-00855-00274658-00274952": "delegating, you need to be able to delegate it. And you need to", "nQS_0alRpKu-00856-00274952-00275201": "be able to see yourself getting to that point where you can", "nQS_0alRpKu-00857-00275201-00275822": "delegate it. And you've talked about interns. So I always feel", "nQS_0alRpKu-00858-00275822-00276197": "like to there's like 100, right, right ways to do anything. So", "nQS_0alRpKu-00859-00276197-00276656": "I'm going to give you my two cents, I have your permission on", "nQS_0alRpKu-00860-00276656-00276983": "this on how I would approach it after doing this, you know,", "nQS_0alRpKu-00861-00276983-00277247": "we've we've got our processes, and I've tested them through", "nQS_0alRpKu-00862-00277250-00277781": "VA's as well as my own assistant. And so I've been able", "nQS_0alRpKu-00863-00277781-00278129": "to see how different people respond to having different", "nQS_0alRpKu-00864-00278129-00278825": "tasks on their plate. And one, one resource that I found really", "nQS_0alRpKu-00865-00278825-00279293": "helpful. I like VA is like virtual assistants, um, I prefer", "nQS_0alRpKu-00866-00279293-00279737": "interns because I believe in that whole system, but like you,", "nQS_0alRpKu-00867-00279740-00280046": "I haven't had a lot of success with it, quite honestly, I", "nQS_0alRpKu-00868-00280067-00280475": "completely relate to what you're saying. So I think don't give up", "nQS_0alRpKu-00869-00280475-00280829": "on that. Because it could, it could land in your lap at some", "nQS_0alRpKu-00870-00280829-00281156": "point. But But in the meantime, you got shit to do, right? Like", "nQS_0alRpKu-00871-00281156-00281531": "you got stuff you got to get done. And so if you do have some", "nQS_0alRpKu-00872-00281531-00281984": "kind of a budget, we use a resource called Level9Virtual", "nQS_0alRpKu-00873-00282017-00282617": "and they we give them tasks and you can either subscribe to what", "nQS_0alRpKu-00874-00282617-00282995": "they call a pod version where they've got specialists who do", "nQS_0alRpKu-00875-00282995-00283565": "video. They do. They do video, they also do WordPress websites.", "nQS_0alRpKu-00876-00283565-00283751": "I didn't look as yours a WordPress website", "nQS_0alRpKu-00877-00283784-00283901": "Randy Silver: No I do it on Wix.", "nQS_0alRpKu-00878-00283950-00284421": "Tiffany Youngren: Okay. Oh, yeah, ouch. Okay. I'm not. I'm", "nQS_0alRpKu-00879-00284421-00284736": "ready to start like, yeah, whenever you feel like it, cuz?", "nQS_0alRpKu-00880-00284844-00285213": "No, that's, I'm just kidding. I mean, a little bit but, um, so", "nQS_0alRpKu-00881-00285213-00285534": "but they do website, I know they work with WordPress, they", "nQS_0alRpKu-00882-00285543-00285888": "probably work with Wix because it's not any harder than, you", "nQS_0alRpKu-00883-00285888-00286137": "know, they work with harder platforms than that to work", "nQS_0alRpKu-00884-00286137-00286539": "with. So if you had even if you had something as simple as a", "nQS_0alRpKu-00885-00286539-00286938": "list of these are the things that I need done. You know, the", "nQS_0alRpKu-00886-00286938-00287460": "one thing we had to really train people on was, I always wanted", "nQS_0alRpKu-00887-00287460-00287751": "someone who liked podcasts who could cut the clips out. So they", "nQS_0alRpKu-00888-00287751-00288018": "cut the raw clips out, and then we would send it to our video", "nQS_0alRpKu-00889-00288018-00288396": "team. And then they have templates that are like this is", "nQS_0alRpKu-00890-00288399-00288675": "this is what we want our square one to look like, this is how we", "nQS_0alRpKu-00891-00288675-00288963": "crop it. And then every time it's the same, so it takes the", "nQS_0alRpKu-00892-00288963-00289275": "first few times to kind of get used to what you mean by that.", "nQS_0alRpKu-00893-00289275-00289707": "And then after that, you have an episode it records you know, as", "nQS_0alRpKu-00894-00289707-00290037": "many of those things as you can cut out as possible is better in", "nQS_0alRpKu-00895-00290037-00290544": "the video. Editing from the raw to the finished was always kind", "nQS_0alRpKu-00896-00290544-00290928": "of the part that I struggled with doing I don't know. So if", "nQS_0alRpKu-00897-00290928-00291339": "you have the transcription, and you have a VA who can proofread", "nQS_0alRpKu-00898-00291339-00291801": "it, and then attach it and post it because they also can post", "nQS_0alRpKu-00899-00291801-00292365": "onto social media for you as well. But it's, it's between 295", "nQS_0alRpKu-00900-00292365-00292695": "a month and 395 a month and you get when you", "nQS_0alRpKu-00901-00292695-00292905": "Randy Silver: say to me, give me like $300 pretty much.", "nQS_0alRpKu-00902-00292936-00293338": "Tiffany Youngren: Yeah, per month, be 35 to 40 hours a", "nQS_0alRpKu-00903-00293338-00293770": "month. And we when we launched Next Up Nation, I launched with", "nQS_0alRpKu-00904-00293770-00294223": "12 episodes, and I was training all these different VA is on our", "nQS_0alRpKu-00905-00294226-00294778": "on our process. And even with that I didn't hit our max. So", "nQS_0alRpKu-00906-00294838-00295123": "they're, they're able to do a lot in that little bit of time.", "nQS_0alRpKu-00907-00295123-00295438": "But anyway, so that's kind of a that's a really an inexpensive", "nQS_0alRpKu-00908-00295438-00295858": "way to do it. With the writing of the of the blog post. You", "nQS_0alRpKu-00909-00295858-00296176": "know, one thing I like to do is I like to have someone else", "nQS_0alRpKu-00910-00296176-00296530": "write it. And if it this is this is such a cheat. This is such a", "nQS_0alRpKu-00911-00296530-00297121": "hack. I'm saying first anyone who's worked with me knows this", "nQS_0alRpKu-00912-00297121-00297589": "hack, but now it's public but so what I'll usually do is I test", "nQS_0alRpKu-00913-00297589-00297814": "you know, I tell you like I test everything because I have people", "nQS_0alRpKu-00914-00297814-00298048": "I work with I want to have something that I have tried", "nQS_0alRpKu-00915-00298048-00298465": "before I recommend it. I haven't tried this yet, but with these", "nQS_0alRpKu-00916-00298465-00298867": "episodes with the hot seat video episodes, writing is so time", "nQS_0alRpKu-00917-00298867-00299230": "consuming. I like editing the writing so that it feels more", "nQS_0alRpKu-00918-00299230-00299836": "like I said it you know, it's it's on brand. But I use the", "nQS_0alRpKu-00919-00299836-00300217": "it's I'm actually just going to take The raw transcription, I'm", "nQS_0alRpKu-00920-00300217-00300439": "not even going to edit it. And I'm going to have both of them", "nQS_0alRpKu-00921-00300439-00300691": "write it. So as we start rolling out episodes, you guys can all", "nQS_0alRpKu-00922-00300691-00301117": "see the comparison of those two writing, because the writing is", "nQS_0alRpKu-00923-00301117-00301567": "so important, you know, having enough words on your blog post", "nQS_0alRpKu-00924-00301567-00301912": "for to show up for different terms, but yet still be engaging", "nQS_0alRpKu-00925-00301912-00302272": "enough for humans to actually want to read it. So those are", "nQS_0alRpKu-00926-00302272-00302662": "two ways. With I don't know what the AI the AI is a brand new", "nQS_0alRpKu-00927-00302662-00303217": "thing. And I'll include a link to that too. But I know they're,", "nQS_0alRpKu-00928-00303220-00303721": "they have an unlimited words, program. And it's like, I don't", "nQS_0alRpKu-00929-00303721-00304240": "know, from $99 a month to $250 a month. So. So anyway, those are", "nQS_0alRpKu-00930-00304240-00304552": "some of the tools that we've been able to use to start", "nQS_0alRpKu-00931-00304552-00304894": "delegating. And then obviously, from there, as you're growing,", "nQS_0alRpKu-00932-00304912-00305194": "then you can start scaling up, I'm always was like, I'd rather", "nQS_0alRpKu-00933-00305194-00305452": "delegate it now because I'm going to get it done. And I", "nQS_0alRpKu-00934-00305452-00305689": "don't want to hate what I'm doing. And the more we're doing", "nQS_0alRpKu-00935-00305689-00306076": "things that aren't in our zone of genius, the more frustrating", "nQS_0alRpKu-00936-00306076-00306322": "it is, is any of that helpful or?", "nQS_0alRpKu-00937-00306361-00306676": "Randy Silver: No, it's all very helpful. Very helpful. I think", "nQS_0alRpKu-00938-00306718-00307174": "you're right about the like having the VA is really help", "nQS_0alRpKu-00939-00307174-00307576": "you, my concern would be is how do they know what clips to cut?", "nQS_0alRpKu-00940-00307624-00307837": "That would be my question back to you is like, if I have to", "nQS_0alRpKu-00941-00307837-00308053": "give him a 60 minute clip, and I'm like, Okay, guys, I want you", "nQS_0alRpKu-00942-00308053-00308389": "to create six clips, how do they know what are the correct clips", "nQS_0alRpKu-00943-00308395-00308692": "to do? Is that something I would do and like, boom, you need to", "nQS_0alRpKu-00944-00308692-00308992": "cut it from a second 45, a second 130 and put it in this", "nQS_0alRpKu-00945-00308992-00309202": "format? Or like how would that actually work?", "nQS_0alRpKu-00946-00309239-00309482": "Tiffany Youngren: This is what I recommend. Because we in fact,", "nQS_0alRpKu-00947-00309482-00309749": "this is why I train people on my system because I couldn't just", "nQS_0alRpKu-00948-00309749-00310121": "have a VA just I just they just can't they're not going to do", "nQS_0alRpKu-00949-00310121-00310331": "that unless they love the podcast. Like you need somebody", "nQS_0alRpKu-00950-00310343-00310580": "who's listening to it. They're like, Oh, that was so inspiring,", "nQS_0alRpKu-00951-00310580-00311054": "right? And with VA, is there any assistant or anyone who works", "nQS_0alRpKu-00952-00311054-00311474": "with us you the more clear, and the less you pay. Honestly, the", "nQS_0alRpKu-00953-00311474-00311678": "more clear instructions you need, the more it needs to be", "nQS_0alRpKu-00954-00311678-00312152": "really spelled out. So with the cutting of the clips, number", "nQS_0alRpKu-00955-00312152-00312422": "one, whoever does it needs to cut them. But those are the raw", "nQS_0alRpKu-00956-00312422-00312974": "cuts. So they make the raw cuts. Number two is Who does that? And", "nQS_0alRpKu-00957-00312974-00313631": "what I would say is it can't be handed off to a VA unless it's", "nQS_0alRpKu-00958-00313631-00313967": "my right hand person, assistant VA. Does that make sense? So", "nQS_0alRpKu-00959-00313967-00314222": "it's something that I can be going okay, that was boring. And", "nQS_0alRpKu-00960-00314222-00314597": "why didn't you use this or another thing that I've done is", "nQS_0alRpKu-00961-00314597-00315080": "made notes in my interview notes and made them red so that they", "nQS_0alRpKu-00962-00315080-00315389": "know, like, cut out the part where we're talking about this,", "nQS_0alRpKu-00963-00315395-00315875": "you know, if I can give them instructions, however, this", "nQS_0alRpKu-00964-00315875-00316268": "would be the spot for an intern. So if you did an ad and you", "nQS_0alRpKu-00965-00316268-00316700": "said, Hey, if you love listening to podcasts, and you want to", "nQS_0alRpKu-00966-00316700-00317111": "pull out the stuff that inspires you the most. And you want your", "nQS_0alRpKu-00967-00317111-00317375": "life to be changed by pulling it out, I have this great", "nQS_0alRpKu-00968-00317375-00317654": "opportunity. Like suddenly or you know, that's a lot more", "nQS_0alRpKu-00969-00317654-00317936": "exciting than Hey, help me edit my podcast, you know, yeah, cuz", "nQS_0alRpKu-00970-00317936-00318167": "then we just sound like everybody else. But But what", "nQS_0alRpKu-00971-00318167-00318509": "you're asking them to do is really listen to these podcasts.", "nQS_0alRpKu-00972-00318512-00318944": "And it's the part everybody wants to do, quite honestly. And", "nQS_0alRpKu-00973-00318944-00319337": "if that doesn't work, then I would enlist a listener just be", "nQS_0alRpKu-00974-00319337-00319634": "like, Hey, who wants to do this, I'll pay by the hour, I would", "nQS_0alRpKu-00975-00319634-00320102": "pay a little bit more for that person to pull those clips, I", "nQS_0alRpKu-00976-00320102-00320303": "would pay a lot more quite honestly, for that person to", "nQS_0alRpKu-00977-00320303-00320621": "pull those clips, because those are the money shots, right? So", "nQS_0alRpKu-00978-00320624-00320930": "you have it. But then if you have someone else doing all the", "nQS_0alRpKu-00979-00320930-00321392": "editing, because this perfect clip was pulled out, then you're", "nQS_0alRpKu-00980-00321392-00321713": "optimizing your budget. Does that make sense?", "nQS_0alRpKu-00981-00321717-00321984": "Randy Silver: It makes perfect sense. I see where you go based", "nQS_0alRpKu-00982-00321984-00322389": "off of that. I think because I'm such a perfectionist overdry", "nQS_0alRpKu-00983-00322389-00322662": "that I feel more comfortable if I did all the editing all the", "nQS_0alRpKu-00984-00322662-00322962": "clips to initially start and then they would be the ones", "nQS_0alRpKu-00985-00322965-00323274": "doing the posting everything and then slowly building then yeah,", "nQS_0alRpKu-00986-00323316-00323532": "Tiffany Youngren: then that's been exactly that's what I then", "nQS_0alRpKu-00987-00323538-00323805": "I think that that would be great. And even if you trust,", "nQS_0alRpKu-00988-00323808-00324132": "you know, if you were able to pass off the raw clips like, but", "nQS_0alRpKu-00989-00324132-00324396": "I guess Do you just because you need them in different sizes.", "nQS_0alRpKu-00990-00324396-00324501": "Isn't that true? You need", "nQS_0alRpKu-00991-00324504-00324714": "Randy Silver: Yeah. So the cool thing though, is like I've", "nQS_0alRpKu-00992-00324717-00325020": "optimized Final Cut Pro where I have templates already created.", "nQS_0alRpKu-00993-00325020-00325485": "So I can create the clip in Instagram mode. And then I can", "nQS_0alRpKu-00994-00325485-00325863": "just pull the raw file, put it into a YouTube clip, and then", "nQS_0alRpKu-00995-00325863-00326094": "within like three to five minutes, I'm able to just ingest", "nQS_0alRpKu-00996-00326094-00326424": "the stuff and then export it very quickly. So I've learned", "nQS_0alRpKu-00997-00326424-00326634": "how to be key and what I do.", "nQS_0alRpKu-00998-00326655-00326901": "Tiffany Youngren: Yeah, yeah. Okay, so maybe don't delegate", "nQS_0alRpKu-00999-00326901-00327405": "that part. I'm sensing some hesitancy to be able. And", "nQS_0alRpKu-01000-00327405-00327693": "honestly, that's what I love about podcasters too is we're", "nQS_0alRpKu-01001-00327693-00328122": "all really attached to it. So when it comes to branding, the", "nQS_0alRpKu-01002-00328122-00328290": "other thing that I was going to talk to you about we didn't", "nQS_0alRpKu-01003-00328290-00328746": "really get to and I want to again, be sensitive to your", "nQS_0alRpKu-01004-00328746-00329193": "schedule, but is the branding. Do you have a plan for your", "nQS_0alRpKu-01005-00329193-00329499": "branding as far as like do you have a cohesive brand Do you", "nQS_0alRpKu-01006-00329499-00329907": "feel your your image like people", "nQS_0alRpKu-01007-00329900-00330116": "Randy Silver: people do like My logo the Leap of Fate, the", "nQS_0alRpKu-01008-00330116-00330536": "running man. Yeah, very cool logo. Now some people think", "nQS_0alRpKu-01009-00330536-00330818": "episodes are assuming the podcast is called Leap of Faith,", "nQS_0alRpKu-01010-00330821-00331136": "because that's more of a term. But I like leap, it's created", "nQS_0alRpKu-01011-00331136-00331430": "Leap of Fate because you're taking your own tick own fate", "nQS_0alRpKu-01012-00331463-00331757": "into your own hands. Other than that, you know, fair enough, I", "nQS_0alRpKu-01013-00331757-00332255": "probably don't have a particular brand image brand campaign brand", "nQS_0alRpKu-01014-00332255-00332378": "marketing, things like that.", "nQS_0alRpKu-01015-00332471-00332639": "Tiffany Youngren: Yeah, well I like where you're going? I like", "nQS_0alRpKu-01016-00332639-00332852": "how you're building it. You even mentioned it earlier that you", "nQS_0alRpKu-01017-00332852-00333227": "want it to kind of grow at its own thing. So. So anyway, when", "nQS_0alRpKu-01018-00333227-00333497": "it comes to delegating, I think I would prioritize, you know,", "nQS_0alRpKu-01019-00333497-00333842": "delegating the blog writing, and then possibly edited afterwards.", "nQS_0alRpKu-01020-00333893-00334307": "If you can delegate having someone do the posting, and even", "nQS_0alRpKu-01021-00334307-00334682": "responding to different groups and things like that, I think", "nQS_0alRpKu-01022-00334682-00335006": "that would be helpful, too. So. So did you get anything helpful", "nQS_0alRpKu-01023-00335006-00335132": "from our time together?", "nQS_0alRpKu-01024-00335154-00335439": "Randy Silver: This has been fantastic. This was a great use,", "nQS_0alRpKu-01025-00335439-00335802": "what time is it 12:04. It's been a great hour, I hope the", "nQS_0alRpKu-01026-00335802-00336129": "audience out there, got a great use, you are giving a", "nQS_0alRpKu-01027-00336129-00336450": "masterclass and tips. So I took a lot of mental notes. So I'm", "nQS_0alRpKu-01028-00336450-00336732": "really excited to go back and try to incorporate that because", "nQS_0alRpKu-01029-00336768-00336984": "we're only as good as what we know. And you know what, you", "nQS_0alRpKu-01030-00336984-00337203": "know, and you don't know what you don't know, and if I'm", "nQS_0alRpKu-01031-00337203-00337452": "preaching the people, this is how you can improve. This is", "nQS_0alRpKu-01032-00337452-00337653": "what you can do to be better. And if I don't take the self", "nQS_0alRpKu-01033-00337653-00337953": "critique myself, then I'm failing my own mission. So I", "nQS_0alRpKu-01034-00337953-00338190": "always, if you so if you're out there and you end up, listen to", "nQS_0alRpKu-01035-00338190-00338526": "my podcasts, watching the video, please give positive and please", "nQS_0alRpKu-01036-00338526-00338772": "give negative feedback because I can only improve when I know", "nQS_0alRpKu-01037-00338772-00338997": "what I'm doing wrong, or what you don't like so I can make it", "nQS_0alRpKu-01038-00338997-00339027": "better.", "nQS_0alRpKu-01039-00339066-00339276": "Tiffany Youngren: Awesome. Awesome. Well, I have taken an", "nQS_0alRpKu-01040-00339276-00339600": "hour of your time already. So I want to kind of wrap it up. Is", "nQS_0alRpKu-01041-00339600-00339774": "there anything else that you would like to share though,", "nQS_0alRpKu-01042-00339774-00339849": "before we wrap", "nQS_0alRpKu-01043-00340043-00340352": "Randy Silver: if you have a goal if you have a dream, I know I've", "nQS_0alRpKu-01044-00340367-00340559": "said it before, but I love saying it. It's not gonna be", "nQS_0alRpKu-01045-00340559-00340892": "easy. It's not gonna be hard. Go make it happen. People are gonna", "nQS_0alRpKu-01046-00340892-00341201": "doubt you, there's people going to be jealous of your success", "nQS_0alRpKu-01047-00341201-00341489": "when you get there. But don't let the negative people deter", "nQS_0alRpKu-01048-00341489-00341975": "you. Literally YOLO, go make it happen. If you don't, you're", "nQS_0alRpKu-01049-00341975-00342227": "gonna be sitting back in your life potentially 20, 30, 40", "nQS_0alRpKu-01050-00342227-00342566": "years and wish that you had taken that Leap of Fate and made", "nQS_0alRpKu-01051-00342566-00342878": "it happen. So why not? The worst that happens is you end up where", "nQS_0alRpKu-01052-00342878-00343175": "you are today if it doesn't work out, so just try to make your", "nQS_0alRpKu-01053-00343175-00343481": "dreams reality because you'll love yourself in the future for", "nQS_0alRpKu-01054-00343481-00343523": "doing it.", "nQS_0alRpKu-01055-00343566-00343803": "Tiffany Youngren: Awesome. Awesome. And you do have a", "nQS_0alRpKu-01056-00343803-00344385": "website leaf LeapOfFatePod.com and that has all the links to", "nQS_0alRpKu-01057-00344385-00344793": "your YouTube, your podcast, your blog, we're about you how to", "nQS_0alRpKu-01058-00344793-00345063": "contact you. Is there anything else people should know about", "nQS_0alRpKu-01059-00345063-00345144": "how to reach you?", "nQS_0alRpKu-01060-00345211-00345469": "Randy Silver: I would say mainly active again on everything is", "nQS_0alRpKu-01061-00345469-00346030": "leap of faith pod. L-E-A-P-O-F-F-A-T-E-P-O-D. That", "nQS_0alRpKu-01062-00346030-00346381": "was a mouthful. LeapOfFatePod Instagram, Twitter, Facebook,", "nQS_0alRpKu-01063-00346381-00346783": "Instagram, tik tok all of it. Again, I'm sure she'll have it", "nQS_0alRpKu-01064-00346783-00347023": "in the link here. But if you have ever have any questions", "nQS_0alRpKu-01065-00347023-00347323": "around podcasting, she's a great resource. I'm happy to be here.", "nQS_0alRpKu-01066-00347338-00347692": "Anything in general. Just want to be here for your success. And", "nQS_0alRpKu-01067-00347692-00347878": "then please go subscribe and like when I do.", "nQS_0alRpKu-01068-00347949-00348159": "Tiffany Youngren: Awesome, please do well, awesome. Well,", "nQS_0alRpKu-01069-00348159-00348522": "hey, and all I want to say is don't be average. Make some", "nQS_0alRpKu-01070-00348522-00348681": "magic happen. Thanks for being here."}}, {"audio_id": "nQYlUmXqzGc", "text": {"nQYlUmXqzGc-00000-00000021-00001212": "380 Sheriffs in 40 States Just Issued Orders to Congress on Behalf of Pres.", "nQYlUmXqzGc-00001-00001212-00001324": "Trump", "nQYlUmXqzGc-00002-00001324-00001611": "Is Donald Trump alone in his push to “build the wall?”", "nQYlUmXqzGc-00003-00001611-00002131": "His opponents say yes, and portray him as racist and bigoted for pushing this issue.", "nQYlUmXqzGc-00004-00002131-00002533": "An announcement from a major group, however, makes it clear that the president isn’t", "nQYlUmXqzGc-00005-00002533-00002916": "the only one who believes the southern wall is important — and the people who are urging", "nQYlUmXqzGc-00006-00002916-00003325": "Congress to secure the border know a few things about law enforcement.", "nQYlUmXqzGc-00007-00003325-00003807": "Earlier this month, a stunning 380 sheriffs from 40 different states signed a joint letter", "nQYlUmXqzGc-00008-00003807-00004343": "calling on lawmakers to fund the U.S.-Mexico wall and finally secure America’s borders.", "nQYlUmXqzGc-00009-00004343-00004762": "“Without border security and immigration reform, more Americans will continue to be", "nQYlUmXqzGc-00010-00004762-00004921": "victims of crime.", "nQYlUmXqzGc-00011-00004921-00005449": "Now is the time to act,” declared the letter, which was drafted by the National Sheriffs’", "nQYlUmXqzGc-00012-00005449-00005549": "Association.", "nQYlUmXqzGc-00013-00005549-00005960": "That group is one of the largest law enforcement associations in the country, and is made up", "nQYlUmXqzGc-00014-00005960-00006430": "of over 20,000 members, 3,000 of whom serve as sheriffs.", "nQYlUmXqzGc-00015-00006430-00006784": "“As elected Sheriffs, we have taken an oath to do everything in our power to keep our", "nQYlUmXqzGc-00016-00006784-00007315": "citizens and legal residents, our communities, and our nation safe,” the letter stated.", "nQYlUmXqzGc-00017-00007315-00007742": "“Year after year, we have been warning the Federal government about detrimental increases", "nQYlUmXqzGc-00018-00007742-00008336": "in transnational drug trafficking, gang violence, sex trafficking, murder, and other escalating", "nQYlUmXqzGc-00019-00008336-00008813": "incidents of crime by illegal aliens entering our country,” continued the law enforcement", "nQYlUmXqzGc-00020-00008813-00008929": "professionals.", "nQYlUmXqzGc-00021-00008929-00009376": "Those officers called out Washington lawmakers for failing to act, and putting the American", "nQYlUmXqzGc-00022-00009376-00009512": "people at risk.", "nQYlUmXqzGc-00023-00009512-00009982": "“Because Congress has failed to enact the necessary reforms, our citizens and legal", "nQYlUmXqzGc-00024-00009982-00010513": "residents face even greater dangers, our national security is more vulnerable, and our enforcement", "nQYlUmXqzGc-00025-00010513-00011035": "efforts have been seriously compromised,” the 380 sheriffs jointly stated.", "nQYlUmXqzGc-00026-00011035-00011419": "Senators and representatives weren’t the only ones scolded by the sheriffs.", "nQYlUmXqzGc-00027-00011419-00011839": "Liberal “sanctuary city” policies, such as the ones becoming widespread on the west", "nQYlUmXqzGc-00028-00011839-00012287": "coast, were also pointed to as a source of problems for American citizens.", "nQYlUmXqzGc-00029-00012287-00012816": "“These sanctuary policies, including the laws California enacted, directly undermine", "nQYlUmXqzGc-00030-00012816-00013324": "and limit cooperation and collaboration between local, state and federal law enforcement,", "nQYlUmXqzGc-00031-00013324-00013734": "making it harder for America’s sheriffs to protect our citizens and legal residents,”", "nQYlUmXqzGc-00032-00013734-00013933": "the law enforcement officials explained.", "nQYlUmXqzGc-00033-00013933-00014441": "“In addition, the problem of MS-13 and other gangs that operate back and forth across our", "nQYlUmXqzGc-00034-00014441-00014875": "borders has become worse because of our failure to secure the border and the continued court-ordered", "nQYlUmXqzGc-00035-00014875-00015032": "catch and release policies.”", "nQYlUmXqzGc-00036-00015032-00015481": "We’ve reported on the results of those policies many times: Left-leaning cities and counties", "nQYlUmXqzGc-00037-00015481-00015937": "routinely work against federal ICE agents, essentially aiding criminals who often return", "nQYlUmXqzGc-00038-00015937-00016144": "to commit more crimes.", "nQYlUmXqzGc-00039-00016144-00016545": "When hundreds of veteran law enforcement officers from across America come together to warn", "nQYlUmXqzGc-00040-00016545-00017078": "citizens about the consequences of an unsecured border, it may be time to listen.", "nQYlUmXqzGc-00041-00017078-00017497": "Illegal immigration is not just an Arizona or California issue; it has widespread effects", "nQYlUmXqzGc-00042-00017497-00018941": "throughout America, and the consequences of inaction are all too often deadly."}}, {"audio_id": "nQYbUSNLcT0", "text": {"nQYbUSNLcT0-00000-00000562-00001120": "Some years ago, we were thinking about the Cook 250 anniversary and it was our opportunity", "nQYbUSNLcT0-00001-00001120-00001680": "to bring those documents together with other documents from the later voyages.", "nQYbUSNLcT0-00002-00001680-00002278": "Artworks, journals, logs, collected Pacific materials, and of course, maps.", "nQYbUSNLcT0-00003-00002278-00002618": "We decided that we wanted to cover the whole Pacific.", "nQYbUSNLcT0-00004-00002618-00003063": "The Cook voyages in the Pacific were between 1768 and 1780.", "nQYbUSNLcT0-00005-00003063-00003286": "So there were three voyages.", "nQYbUSNLcT0-00006-00003286-00003567": "Each voyage was three or more years long.", "nQYbUSNLcT0-00007-00003567-00004210": "In fact, by the end of them, perhaps 30 per cent of the Earth's surface had been mapped.", "nQYbUSNLcT0-00008-00004210-00004510": "While some people had been into the Pacific before Cook", "nQYbUSNLcT0-00009-00004510-00004848": "what Cook did was fix them to a geospatial system.", "nQYbUSNLcT0-00010-00004848-00005275": "So for the first time ever, all of the islands of the Pacific that he visited, and he visited", "nQYbUSNLcT0-00011-00005275-00005932": "many island groups- Tonga, Vanuatu, New Zealand, Hawaii, Australia's east coast of course,", "nQYbUSNLcT0-00012-00005932-00006586": "and other places, were all fixed accurately into this geospatial system.", "nQYbUSNLcT0-00013-00006586-00007076": "We're familiar with maps made by mapmakers over time, and some of them are really beautiful", "nQYbUSNLcT0-00014-00007076-00007734": "objects such as the chart behind me, which is really the Dutch map and it's the map that", "nQYbUSNLcT0-00015-00007734-00008166": "Cook had available in reduced form to him and you can see it's really quite embellished.", "nQYbUSNLcT0-00016-00008166-00008729": "This was a grand map meant for presentation, and for celebration of discoveries, whereas", "nQYbUSNLcT0-00017-00008729-00009253": "Cook's mapping was much more utilitarian and almost lacking in illustration.", "nQYbUSNLcT0-00018-00009253-00009472": "Not to say that some of them couldn't be beautiful.", "nQYbUSNLcT0-00019-00009472-00010352": "His map of Tahiti, for example, is one of the most beautiful maps ever made.", "nQYbUSNLcT0-00020-00010352-00011040": "We've been in the business of taking care of cultural heritage and materials for a hundred years.", "nQYbUSNLcT0-00021-00011040-00011518": "There's a range of very fragile materials in the library's collections whether they", "nQYbUSNLcT0-00022-00011518-00011990": "are pictures, maps, manuscripts, or other kinds of journals.", "nQYbUSNLcT0-00023-00011990-00012582": "It's important for us all to have access to materials that are part of our past to help", "nQYbUSNLcT0-00024-00012583-00012925": "understand our past and who we are today.", "nQYbUSNLcT0-00025-00012926-00013726": "The National Library is one of few institutions that provide those materials for the whole of Australia."}}, {"audio_id": "nR45SFytU50", "text": {"nR45SFytU50-00000-00000000-00000200": "Durian", "nR45SFytU50-00001-00000200-00000400": "Street food"}}, {"audio_id": "nRfkWhq2vSQ", "text": {"nRfkWhq2vSQ-00000-00000028-00000242": "- Hi, I'm gonna be talking to you today", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00001-00000242-00000509": "about hacking RFID attendance systems", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00002-00000509-00000799": "to be in two places at once.", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00003-00000799-00001124": "Our story begins in the spring of 2020 with an unnamed", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00004-00001124-00001435": "18-year-old computer science undergrad student.", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00005-00001435-00001726": "With just two requirements left, he's about to become", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00006-00001726-00001938": "the youngest ever computer science graduate", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00007-00001938-00002085": "from his university.", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00008-00002085-00002378": "Unfortunately, as he's registering for his final semester", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00009-00002378-00002711": "of classes, he realizes that his two remaining courses", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00010-00002711-00003000": "are both scheduled that basically the same time.", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00011-00003000-00003331": "But surprisingly, he was able to register just fine.", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00012-00003331-00003565": "At the time, the scheduling system only checked", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00013-00003565-00003840": "whether classes were at the exact same start time,", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00014-00003840-00004032": "not whether they overlapped at all.", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00015-00004032-00004209": "So he registered for both classes,", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00016-00004209-00004440": "and thought, \"Problem solved, I'm in.\"", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00017-00004440-00004601": "The student may, or may not have", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00018-00004601-00004916": "actually been attending his classes regularly anyways,", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00019-00004916-00005260": "so how one can be present in two simultaneous classes", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00020-00005260-00005475": "was not at top-of-mind.", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00021-00005475-00005743": "And a quick look at the course syllabi revealed that", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00022-00005743-00006073": "between 10 and 15% of the points were for attendance.", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00023-00006073-00006343": "This means that missing half, or even all of the lectures", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00024-00006343-00006543": "shouldn't have been the end of the world.", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00025-00006543-00006834": "It wasn't until the week before classes started that", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00026-00006834-00007043": "he decided to look more closely,", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00027-00007043-00007273": "and he was surprised to find a new policy that", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00028-00007273-00007581": "students with more than six unexcused absences", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00029-00007581-00007770": "would not be allowed to pass the course.", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00030-00007770-00007998": "They would have to retake it.", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00031-00007998-00008109": "Well, this was an issue,", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00032-00008109-00008297": "because he was so close to graduating,", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00033-00008297-00008565": "and he was about to set a record after all.", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00034-00008565-00008822": "So he started thinking about how these courses", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00035-00008822-00009093": "actually enforce their attendance policies.", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00036-00009093-00009341": "What do these large universities use to keep track", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00037-00009341-00009584": "of attendance for thousands of the students?", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00038-00009584-00009842": "Well, it turns out that this is what they use.", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00039-00009842-00010090": "It's an RFID-based polling system", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00040-00010090-00010415": "that has become increasingly popular at universities", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00041-00010415-00010619": "due to the ease of conducting attendance", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00042-00010619-00010921": "for even large classes with hundreds of students.", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00043-00010921-00011195": "Every student in the course will be assigned one of these,", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00044-00011195-00011383": "a remote with a unique identifier", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00045-00011383-00011596": "linked to their student account.", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00046-00011596-00011858": "Then throughout the lecture, instructors will ask", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00047-00011858-00012154": "multiple choice questions, and have students respond", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00048-00012154-00012476": "by pressing the corresponding button on their remote.", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00049-00012476-00012683": "The remote will then broadcast their answer", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00050-00012683-00012975": "along with their student ID back to the base station,", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00051-00012975-00013238": "so that after class instructors can generate", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00052-00013238-00013444": "a list of students in attendance,", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00053-00013444-00013650": "along with the answer they chose.", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00054-00013650-00013824": "So it actually serves a dual purpose,", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00055-00013824-00014091": "both enforcing attendance by requiring students", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00056-00014091-00014318": "to actually show up with their remote,", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00057-00014318-00014591": "but also serving as a small quiz each lecture", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00058-00014591-00014830": "to make sure students are paying attention.", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00059-00014830-00015079": "Well, it would seem that this system should", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00060-00015079-00015454": "make it impossible to attend two lectures at the same time.", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00061-00015454-00015744": "Even if a student were to give his remote to a classmate", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00062-00015744-00016001": "to answer for him in one of the lectures,", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00063-00016001-00016307": "he then wouldn't have the remote to answer with himself", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00064-00016307-00016455": "in another lecture.", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00065-00016455-00016799": "So if he's gonna make this work, he better get creative.", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00066-00016799-00017067": "What he could do is try attending one class,", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00067-00017067-00017213": "then attending the other class,", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00068-00017213-00017545": "alternating which one he attends and which one he misses,", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00069-00017545-00017746": "but that only gets him 'til the end of February", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00070-00017746-00017905": "until he's used up all his drops,", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00071-00017905-00018164": "so that doesn't exactly work.", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00072-00018164-00018483": "Okay, but maybe he could try clicking in in one class,", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00073-00018483-00018772": "then sprinting across campus to the other lecture,", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00074-00018772-00018914": "and clicking in there,", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00075-00018914-00019253": "then sprinting back before the next question starts.", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00076-00019253-00019573": "But our mystery student isn't exactly Usain Bolt,", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00077-00019573-00019801": "so that one might not work either.", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00078-00019801-00020108": "What he really needed was a Time-Turner.", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00079-00020108-00020450": "It's this magical device from the \"Harry Potter\" series", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00080-00020450-00020856": "that the students used to take two classes at the same time", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00081-00020856-00021009": "by time traveling.", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00082-00021009-00021189": "Now, without the luxury of magic,", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00083-00021189-00021396": "he would need the next best thing,", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00084-00021396-00021581": "which is of course, hacking,", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00085-00021581-00021801": "specifically hacking this system,", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00086-00021801-00022082": "the one that actually enforces his attendance.", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00087-00022082-00022375": "If he can get this system to mark him present", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00088-00022375-00022649": "in both classes, he would in effect be", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00089-00022649-00022905": "in two places at once.", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00090-00022905-00023187": "Well, the bad news is that this remote uses", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00091-00023187-00023404": "completely proprietary hardware", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00092-00023404-00023717": "and software to communicate with the base station.", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00093-00023717-00023933": "The good news is that hackers exist,", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00094-00023933-00024232": "so of course, it was quickly reverse engineered", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00095-00024232-00024522": "by some colleagues of mine at Cornell.", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00096-00024522-00024766": "I've added some links here to their original paper,", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00097-00024766-00024941": "and it's definitely worth a read,", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00098-00024941-00025201": "but for now, I'm going to outline the techniques", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00099-00025201-00025516": "they used to approach reverse engineering this system,", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00100-00025516-00025730": "and then I'll explain what they found,", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00101-00025730-00026136": "and how it could be exploited by our hypothetical student.", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00102-00026136-00026358": "This is actually a fairly simple device", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00103-00026358-00026605": "with only two significant ICs,", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00104-00026605-00026874": "the first being an eight-bit micro-controller", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00105-00026874-00027070": "manufactured by NXP,", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00106-00027070-00027508": "and the second being a 915-megahertz ISM transceiver", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00107-00027508-00027731": "manufactured by Semtech.", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00108-00027731-00028038": "All one has to do to monitor the communications", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00109-00028038-00028402": "between these two components is tap into the data pins", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00110-00028402-00028607": "for the SPI bus here,", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00111-00028607-00028935": "which is exactly what my colleagues did to sniff the data", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00112-00028935-00029162": "in transit between the two ICs.", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00113-00029162-00029542": "It's important to note that the manufacturer of this device", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00114-00029542-00029839": "prevented the firmware from being directly analyzed", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00115-00029839-00030124": "by burning the security program fuse.", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00116-00030124-00030245": "They didn't, however, do this", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00117-00030245-00030441": "on an earlier version of the device,", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00118-00030441-00030802": "so that firmware is now available online.", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00119-00030802-00031070": "Another thing my colleagues did was just packet sniff", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00120-00031070-00031458": "the RF signals to see what the device was emitting directly.", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00121-00031458-00031810": "A waterfall plot for the answer A is shown here.", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00122-00031810-00032083": "It seems like the device is just broadcasting", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00123-00032083-00032326": "a single short packet for each response", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00124-00032326-00032522": "using 2-FSK modulation", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00125-00032522-00032928": "at a bit rate of 152 kilobits per second.", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00126-00032928-00033087": "The base station then sends back", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00127-00033087-00033315": "a single acknowledgement packet,", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00128-00033315-00033635": "although this is less important for our use case.", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00129-00033635-00033890": "The base station and the remote appear to negotiate", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00130-00033890-00034194": "a single fixed frequency for transmitting", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00131-00034194-00034425": "and one for receiving, depending on what channel", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00132-00034425-00034619": "they're set to use, although in practice,", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00133-00034619-00034805": "it's almost always just AA.", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00134-00034974-00035295": "Now, knowing the frequency and the encoding scheme,", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00135-00035295-00035565": "the researchers simply pressed each of the buttons", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00136-00035565-00035869": "A through E, and observed what the contents", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00137-00035869-00036245": "of the resulting answer packet were, which are shown here.", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00138-00036245-00036525": "Surprisingly, the packets that the remote sends", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00139-00036525-00036807": "to the base station are just five bytes long,", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00140-00036807-00037028": "which is just barely enough space to encode", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00141-00037028-00037393": "a device serial number and an answer with maybe a checksum,", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00142-00037393-00037748": "so there can't be that much more than that going on.", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00143-00037748-00038042": "Additionally, only the final two bytes of each packet", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00144-00038042-00038272": "actually change when the answer changes,", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00145-00038272-00038490": "so this must be the portion of the message", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00146-00038490-00038720": "which encodes the selected answer.", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00147-00038720-00038975": "The first three bytes of the packet are always the same,", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00148-00038975-00039134": "which must mean that this is the portion", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00149-00039134-00039293": "that encodes the device ID,", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00150-00039293-00039528": "so let's look at this part first.", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00151-00039528-00039717": "It turns out that what's happening here is", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00152-00039717-00039925": "just a basic transposition cipher", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00153-00039925-00040166": "that shuffles the bits of the device ID", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00154-00040166-00040567": "according to a predetermined and easily reversible system.", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00155-00040567-00040787": "It also turns out that the device IDs,", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00156-00040787-00041030": "which have eight hexadecimal digits,", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00157-00041030-00041278": "contain a rudimentary built-in checksum,", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00158-00041278-00041508": "whereby the fourth byte is just the xor", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00159-00041508-00041706": "of the first three bytes.", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00160-00041706-00041995": "Just by reversing the process in this table,", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00161-00041995-00042279": "we can now construct the first part of the answer packet", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00162-00042279-00042526": "for any valid device ID.", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00163-00042526-00042823": "Now, let's look at the last two bytes of this message.", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00164-00042823-00043051": "The fourth byte of the message just encodes", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00165-00043051-00043370": "the answer choice according to a predetermined table,", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00166-00043370-00043608": "and the fifth and final byte is a checksum", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00167-00043608-00043993": "of the entire message according to this algorithm.", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00168-00043993-00044154": "We now have everything we need", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00169-00044154-00044543": "to reconstruct the entire protocol, which is shown here.", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00170-00044543-00044805": "All that's left to do is to build a device", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00171-00044805-00045060": "that can emulate the legitimate remote,", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00172-00045060-00045545": "and it turns out that this $25 Adafruit Feather M0 board", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00173-00045545-00045897": "has all of the hardware necessary to accomplish this.", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00174-00045897-00046194": "The firmware that I wrote to emulate the polling system", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00175-00046194-00046408": "is linked here along with a tutorial", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00176-00046408-00046513": "for how to set it up.", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00177-00046513-00046911": "The entire firmware compiles down to less than 10 kilobytes", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00178-00046911-00047061": "and can comfortably reside", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00179-00047061-00047321": "in the Arduino's built-in flash storage.", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00180-00047321-00047627": "But enough talking about it, let's see it in action.", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00181-00047627-00047791": "All right, now for a brief demo.", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00182-00047791-00048074": "On my left is the legitimate polling system,", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00183-00048074-00048401": "and as always, if I select an answer on my remote,", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00184-00048401-00048767": "it'll be broadcast, and received by the base station.", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00185-00048767-00049076": "On my right is an Arduino running the custom firmware", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00186-00049076-00049341": "and initialized to a random serial number.", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00187-00049341-00049614": "It's connected to my laptop right now with the USB,", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00188-00049614-00049848": "so I can manually send it commands,", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00189-00049848-00050125": "and if I instruct it to broadcast an answer", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00190-00050125-00050402": "as if it were a remote, right now it'll look", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00191-00050402-00050584": "to the base station as though", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00192-00050584-00050934": "another student is submitting an answer using their remote.", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00193-00050934-00051107": "Now, let's try this again,", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00194-00051107-00051396": "but this time I'm going to set the Arduino", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00195-00051396-00051677": "to the same serial number as my remote.", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00196-00051677-00052037": "Now, if I click in with the remote as normal,", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00197-00052037-00052402": "and then instruct the Arduino to broadcast an answer,", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00198-00052913-00053123": "it appears to the base station as though", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00199-00053123-00053521": "the same student is simply changing their response.", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00200-00053521-00053772": "In effect, these two devices are acting", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00201-00053772-00054021": "as if they are the same remote.", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00202-00054021-00054337": "As it stands though, this only addresses half our problem,", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00203-00054337-00054539": "because although our student would now be able", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00204-00054539-00054899": "to transmit answers as if he were using a real remote,", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00205-00054899-00055160": "he still wouldn't know which answer choice was correct", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00206-00055160-00055338": "without being physically present,", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00207-00055338-00055566": "and frankly, even then it's questionable.", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00208-00055566-00055841": "Luckily, by reverse engineering this protocol,", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00209-00055841-00056136": "it becomes as easy to emulate a base station", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00210-00056136-00056483": "as it is a remote, simply by setting the packet radio", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00211-00056483-00056805": "on the M0 to receive mode, rather than transmit.", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00212-00056805-00056973": "This would then allow him to see", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00213-00056973-00057126": "what other students are answering,", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00214-00057126-00057426": "and simply choose the most popular response.", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00215-00057426-00057709": "Okay, same demo as before, except this time,", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00216-00057709-00058024": "my Arduino is set up to emulate a base station.", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00217-00058024-00058219": "So when a student submits an answer,", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00218-00058219-00058589": "it's overheard not just by the legitimate base station,", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00219-00058589-00058911": "but also by the Arduino, which can then nicely display", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00220-00058911-00059188": "all of the student selections on my laptop.", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00221-00059188-00059364": "All right, well, obviously we don't want", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00222-00059364-00059654": "to have to keep manually controlling this device.", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00223-00059654-00059904": "Luckily, if we combine the last two demonstrations,", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00224-00059904-00060175": "it's not hard to imagine a fairly basic protocol", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00225-00060175-00060390": "for automating this process.", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00226-00060390-00060696": "We should start by instructing the device to remain idle", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00227-00060696-00060982": "until the expected start time of the class.", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00228-00060982-00061104": "Then it should turn on,", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00229-00061104-00061491": "and start emulating both a base station and a remote.", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00230-00061491-00061858": "It should wait until a flurry of radioactivity occurs,", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00231-00061858-00062154": "indicating the likely start of a new question.", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00232-00062154-00062462": "It should then use the base station emulator to determine", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00233-00062462-00062722": "what the most popular student response is,", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00234-00062722-00062990": "at which point it should use the remote emulator", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00235-00062990-00063248": "to broadcast that same response.", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00236-00063248-00063571": "It should repeat those steps until the expected end time", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00237-00063571-00063861": "of the class, thereby answering every question,", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00238-00063861-00064029": "and most of them correctly.", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00239-00064029-00064161": "So now we're getting somewhere,", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00240-00064161-00064405": "but this is not exactly a practical solution.", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00241-00064405-00064809": "It has to remain tethered to a PC and manually controlled.", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00242-00064809-00065142": "The first step towards a completely self-contained solution", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00243-00065142-00065386": "is to attach a standalone input device,", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00244-00065386-00065575": "which I've done here by crudely soldering", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00245-00065575-00066062": "on a 128 by 32 pixel OLED screen with three input buttons.", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00246-00066062-00066214": "The really nice thing about using", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00247-00066214-00066507": "an ultra low power platform like Arduino is that", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00248-00066507-00066779": "this device, even with a display attached,", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00249-00066779-00067152": "has a peak current draw of about 20 milliamps,", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00250-00067152-00067314": "as you can see here,", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00251-00067314-00067693": "so this tiny 500 milliamp hour lithium polymer battery", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00252-00067693-00068068": "should last well over 24 hours on a single charge.", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00253-00068068-00068357": "If I connect this up, we now have something resembling", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00254-00068357-00068636": "a practical self-contained device.", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00255-00068636-00068748": "Here's the same device,", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00256-00068748-00068971": "just with a little electrical tape added", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00257-00068971-00069135": "to hold everything together.", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00258-00069135-00069435": "This finished device is what I call my Time-Turner.", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00259-00069435-00069677": "It bears not much resemblance to the original,", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00260-00069677-00069882": "but it can achieve many of the same results.", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00261-00069882-00069994": "Let me show you.", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00262-00069994-00070336": "The most basic thing I can do with this Time-Turner device", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00263-00070336-00070597": "is just submit a vote as if I were using", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00264-00070597-00070763": "a legitimate remote.", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00265-00070763-00070947": "As you can see, the base station here", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00266-00070947-00071153": "still can't tell the difference.", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00267-00071153-00071523": "Another thing I can do is view the votes of my classmates.", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00268-00071523-00071689": "It might be hard to see this screen,", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00269-00071689-00071866": "but no matter which option I choose", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00270-00071866-00072170": "on this legitimate remote, it is automatically displayed", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00271-00072170-00072338": "on the Time-Turner.", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00272-00072338-00072620": "Now, if I were more nefarious, what I could do is", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00273-00072620-00072891": "try to change the votes of my classmates.", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00274-00072891-00073074": "I'm going to restart the poll here.", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00275-00073280-00073610": "And this time, no matter what my classmate chooses,", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00276-00073610-00073925": "their vote will automatically be changed to B.", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00277-00074763-00074934": "Let's try picking an answer.", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00278-00075040-00075211": "And no matter what I choose,", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00279-00075211-00075611": "it is automatically overwritten by the Time-Turner device.", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00280-00075611-00075873": "Now, a vulnerability that allows me to change", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00281-00075873-00076183": "someone else's vote on a so-called polling system", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00282-00076183-00076408": "is a major oversight.", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00283-00076408-00076636": "But if I were more nefarious still,", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00284-00076636-00076947": "I could simply perform a denial-of-service attack.", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00285-00076947-00077173": "Submitting hundreds of votes per second will", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00286-00077173-00077389": "quickly overwhelm the host device,", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00287-00077389-00077561": "eventually causing it to crash,", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00288-00077561-00077853": "and making it impossible for a legitimate student", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00289-00077853-00077976": "to submit their vote.", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00290-00078093-00078316": "Let's restart this poll one last time", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00291-00078316-00078564": "to show the most relevant type of attack,", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00292-00078564-00078833": "which is simply copying the most popular vote", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00293-00078833-00078948": "for any given question.", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00294-00079434-00079577": "So I'm going to restart the polling,", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00295-00079577-00079873": "and this time, the Time-Turner will just copy", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00296-00079873-00080080": "whatever the most popular vote is.", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00297-00080080-00080380": "So let's say I vote for A as a legitimate device.", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00298-00080380-00080642": "The Time-Turner immediately copies that.", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00299-00080642-00080950": "If the most popular vote changes to something else,", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00300-00080950-00081205": "the Time-Turner will eventually change its vote,", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00301-00081205-00081505": "always making sure to stay within the majority.", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00302-00081505-00081817": "The idea is that with just a little adhesive putty", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00303-00081817-00082036": "the student can go in the previous night,", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00304-00082036-00082365": "and covertly attach this device to some surface", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00305-00082365-00082480": "in the lecture hall,", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00306-00082480-00082771": "and he can be sure that the next morning this device will", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00307-00082771-00083049": "attend class for him while he attends the other class", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00308-00083049-00083183": "the normal way.", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00309-00083183-00083326": "Of course, if he can do this,", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00310-00083326-00083635": "then he could just as easily build two devices", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00311-00083635-00083959": "and attach them both the surfaces in the lecture halls,", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00312-00083959-00084159": "and then these will both attend class for him,", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00313-00084159-00084513": "and he can catch up on homework, or sleep in.", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00314-00084513-00084667": "Now, I'm not gonna tell you if this student", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00315-00084667-00084942": "eventually just built these for all of his classes,", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00316-00084942-00085387": "but I'll let you come to your own conclusion on that one.", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00317-00085387-00085628": "What I can tell you is that this device was", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00318-00085628-00085882": "pretty darn effective, and by mid-semester,", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00319-00085882-00086186": "the student had almost full points in both attendance", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00320-00086186-00086338": "and quiz correctness.", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00321-00086338-00086608": "So what does that tell us about this?", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00322-00086693-00087073": "First of all, it's a great lesson about authentication.", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00323-00087073-00087443": "You may already know that an authentication mechanism should", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00324-00087443-00087753": "either be something you know, like a password,", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00325-00087753-00088143": "something you have, like a universal second factor key,", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00326-00088143-00088455": "or something you are, like your biometric data.", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00327-00088455-00088789": "These factors are all in theory unique to you,", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00328-00088789-00089067": "but this is just a polling device.", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00329-00089067-00089240": "It's being used incorrectly", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00330-00089240-00089554": "to authenticate someone's physical presence at a lecture,", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00331-00089554-00089763": "when in fact there is no real authentication", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00332-00089763-00089901": "happening here at all.", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00333-00089901-00090078": "It's just broadcasting an answer", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00334-00090078-00090493": "and an ID number in plain text over a radio signal.", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00335-00090493-00090770": "Now, to their credit, hey did try to hide this", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00336-00090770-00090978": "by using a proprietary protocol", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00337-00090978-00091151": "that shuffles the bits around.", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00338-00091151-00091369": "But I mean, this is an obvious violation", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00339-00091369-00091613": "of Kerckhoffs's principle, which states that", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00340-00091613-00091755": "a system should be secure,", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00341-00091755-00092143": "even if everything except the key is public knowledge.", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00342-00092143-00092339": "When using security through obscurity,", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00343-00092339-00092484": "it's only a matter of time", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00344-00092484-00092806": "until someone completely reverse engineers your system,", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00345-00092806-00093117": "and what little security you had disappears.", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00346-00093117-00093470": "So now that the security flaws of this particular system", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00347-00093470-00093648": "have come to light, let's talk about", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00348-00093648-00093868": "the various shortcomings of its design,", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00349-00093868-00094081": "and how they might be addressed.", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00350-00094081-00094390": "I think the flaws of this system map cleanly", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00351-00094390-00094693": "onto the three so-called CIA properties,", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00352-00094693-00095161": "which are Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability.", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00353-00095161-00095501": "I'll recount what I see as the core issues with this system,", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00354-00095501-00095841": "and then propose a simple way to fix each of them.", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00355-00095841-00096069": "First, with regards to confidentiality,", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00356-00096069-00096305": "there is none to speak of as I demonstrated", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00357-00096305-00096704": "when we were able to listen into other students' answers.", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00358-00096704-00097048": "Next is integrity, and again, because I was able to build", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00359-00097048-00097353": "a device that could indistinguishably emulate", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00360-00097353-00097595": "my own, or anyone else's remote,", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00361-00097595-00097858": "and even change other people's answers,", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00362-00097858-00098053": "the integrity of the answers received", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00363-00098053-00098335": "by a base station cannot be assured.", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00364-00098335-00098634": "And finally, with respect to availability,", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00365-00098634-00098916": "I demonstrated a simple denial-of-service attack", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00366-00098916-00099075": "that would make it difficult", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00367-00099075-00099353": "for a legitimate remote to be heard.", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00368-00099353-00099627": "And now, as promised, some proposed solutions,", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00369-00099627-00099850": "starting with availability.", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00370-00099850-00100038": "This one is pretty straightforward.", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00371-00100038-00100314": "Every single remote in a classroom is transmitting", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00372-00100314-00100647": "and receiving on the exact same frequencies.", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00373-00100647-00100843": "For the default AA channel,", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00374-00100843-00101343": "that's about 916.5 and 903 megahertz respectively.", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00375-00101343-00101638": "One would actually expect far more natural collisions", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00376-00101638-00101974": "and packet drops if each honest remote wasn't broadcasting", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00377-00101974-00102181": "just five bytes at a time.", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00378-00102181-00102444": "But it does make this system particularly vulnerable", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00379-00102444-00102691": "to denial-of-service attacks as we saw.", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00380-00102783-00103147": "Perhaps a better idea would be to use FHSS,", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00381-00103147-00103443": "whereby the frequency used by a given remote", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00382-00103443-00103721": "rapidly changes in a way that is predictable", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00383-00103721-00104092": "to the base station, but not to any passive observer.", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00384-00104092-00104309": "Standardized protocols like Bluetooth", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00385-00104309-00104499": "already implement this by default,", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00386-00104499-00104671": "and that's for a good reason.", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00387-00104671-00104870": "It's still not impossible to jam,", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00388-00104870-00105009": "but it becomes much harder,", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00389-00105009-00105321": "and requires wide spectrum radio frequency jamming,", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00390-00105321-00105601": "which is very expensive, and very illegal.", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00391-00105601-00105816": "That's not to say that any of these attacks are", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00392-00105816-00106164": "particularly legal if you're not using your own system,", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00393-00106164-00106268": "like I am here.", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00394-00106392-00106769": "Next, confidentiality, which is also not too tricky,", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00395-00106769-00107054": "one way to address this would be for the base station", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00396-00107054-00107361": "and remote to perform an authenticated key exchange", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00397-00107361-00107599": "when they first establish a connection,", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00398-00107599-00107858": "and then use the symmetric session key", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00399-00107858-00108195": "to encrypt all communications moving forward.", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00400-00108195-00108491": "Something like mutual auth TLS could be used to do this", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00401-00108491-00108658": "in a standardized way.", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00402-00108658-00108890": "In fact, the chip used by this device", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00403-00108890-00109258": "already has built-in hardware support for AES encryption,", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00404-00109258-00109552": "but it was intentionally disabled for whatever reason.", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00405-00109656-00109907": "And again, standard protocols like Bluetooth would", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00406-00109907-00110074": "already do this by default,", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00407-00110074-00110407": "although the mechanism there is a bit more intricate.", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00408-00110407-00110733": "Finally, integrity, this is the trickiest problem to solve,", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00409-00110733-00110913": "but one idea might be to use", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00410-00110913-00111213": "a Physically Un-cloneable Function, or PUF,", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00411-00111213-00111448": "a laser-based design, as shown here,", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00412-00111448-00111725": "but silicon PUFs can be had for a few dollars,", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00413-00111725-00112055": "and it would make it nearly impossible for me to build", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00414-00112055-00112383": "another device that replicates the behavior of my remote,", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00415-00112383-00112642": "or the remote of any other student for that matter.", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00416-00112786-00113035": "This still doesn't solve the broader problem", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00417-00113035-00113284": "of authenticating physical presence,", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00418-00113284-00113554": "due to the possibility of relaying answers", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00419-00113554-00113933": "from a legitimate device to one, or more remote locations.", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00420-00113933-00114111": "To combat this, you would need to add", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00421-00114111-00114483": "a challenge response mechanism with a tight time window,", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00422-00114483-00114766": "just large enough for devices in close proximity", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00423-00114766-00115067": "to submit a response, a matter of microseconds,", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00424-00115067-00115274": "but not nearly what it would take to actually", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00425-00115274-00115481": "relay a message over the internet,", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00426-00115481-00115785": "which would be at least a few milliseconds.", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00427-00115785-00116124": "A student, or at least their real remote,", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00428-00116124-00116409": "would therefore have to actually be in the room", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00429-00116409-00116638": "in order to respond to the challenges sent", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00430-00116638-00116835": "by the base station fast enough", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00431-00116835-00117030": "for their attendance to count.", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00432-00117030-00117195": "All right, let's summarize.", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00433-00117195-00117555": "It's hard to overstate how vulnerable this system is,", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00434-00117555-00117849": "and it's even more shocking that this exact model", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00435-00117849-00118224": "is currently used at over 1,100 universities,", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00436-00118224-00118599": "and in nearly 100,000 classrooms.", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00437-00118599-00118856": "To summarize my security recommendations,", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00438-00118856-00119127": "if a new version of this system were released,", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00439-00119127-00119321": "they should consider using FHSS", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00440-00119321-00119505": "to avoid denial-of-service attacks,", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00441-00119505-00119863": "and use encryption in transit to protect confidentiality,", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00442-00119863-00120128": "bonus points if these first two problems are both solved", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00443-00120128-00120340": "by simply using an open source standard,", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00444-00120340-00120614": "which satisfies Kerckhoffs's principle.", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00445-00120614-00120777": "Lastly, they should use a PUF", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00446-00120777-00121046": "with a time challenge response mechanism to produce", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00447-00121046-00121308": "what would then be an incredibly secure device,", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00448-00121308-00121596": "especially by comparison to its current form.", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00449-00121596-00121842": "Well, it turns out that the authentication problem", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00450-00121842-00122058": "may be even worse than it seems.", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00451-00122058-00122333": "That's because in addition to the student remote,", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00452-00122333-00122659": "the same company also produces an instructor remote", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00453-00122659-00122946": "that allows teachers to start and stop polling,", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00454-00122946-00123152": "show and hide the poll results,", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00455-00123152-00123408": "switch slides on a PowerPoint presentation,", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00456-00123408-00123710": "and even select the correct quiz answer.", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00457-00123710-00123919": "Now, if these devices look similar,", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00458-00123919-00124214": "that's because they're actually identical under the hood.", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00459-00124214-00124515": "So it's as easy to emulate this instructor remote", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00460-00124515-00124759": "as it was to emulate this student remote,", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00461-00124759-00124905": "and once one can do that,", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00462-00124905-00125148": "they can do everything from changing the slides", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00463-00125148-00125323": "on the instructor's presentation", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00464-00125323-00125651": "to even selecting their own quiz answers as correct,", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00465-00125651-00125902": "which really emphasizes the need for a PUF,", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00466-00125902-00126210": "or some other hardware-based authentication mechanism.", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00467-00126210-00126449": "Now, it needs to be emphasized that PUFs", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00468-00126449-00126622": "and Bluetooth chips are already", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00469-00126622-00126809": "bulk-produced commodity hardware", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00470-00126809-00127059": "that cost a few dollars at the most.", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00471-00127059-00127459": "After all, this is a $54 device,", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00472-00127459-00127591": "so it's hard to argue that", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00473-00127591-00127835": "there is a major cost barrier here.", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00474-00127835-00128188": "By the way, this one is about $30", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00475-00128188-00128449": "if you already have a soldering iron.", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00476-00128449-00128729": "As for our canonical student, well, as I mentioned,", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00477-00128729-00129029": "all of this was taking place in the spring of 2020,", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00478-00129029-00129189": "and around the same time,", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00479-00129189-00129556": "another major world event was starting to unfold.", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00480-00129556-00129768": "So of course, midway through the semester,", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00481-00129768-00129967": "he ends up receiving this email,", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00482-00129967-00130208": "which among other things tells him that", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00483-00130208-00130449": "all of his classes have been moved online,", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00484-00130449-00130777": "and that all students will get full participation points.", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00485-00130777-00130983": "So while this didn't end up being helpful,", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00486-00130983-00131324": "hopefully it at least made for an interesting DEF CON talk.", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00487-00131324-00131547": "As for these days, well, if a student wanted", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00488-00131547-00131800": "to attend two classes at once today,", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00489-00131800-00132014": "this is how they would do it.", "nRfkWhq2vSQ-00490-00132014-00132097": "Thank you."}}, {"audio_id": "nRMu71_OUwc", "text": {"nRMu71_OUwc-00000-00000063-00000357": "THE CHIEF OF NAVAL OPERATIONS, OR CNO,", "nRMu71_OUwc-00001-00000357-00000650": "ADMIRAL JOHN RICHARDSON VISITED USS JOHN C.", "nRMu71_OUwc-00002-00000650-00000754": "STENNIS JUNE 5TH.", "nRMu71_OUwc-00003-00000754-00001211": "THE CNO TOOK PART IN FLIGHT OPERATIONS,", "nRMu71_OUwc-00004-00001211-00001441": "ADDRESSED THE CREW WITH A MESSAGE OVER THE SHIP'S", "nRMu71_OUwc-00005-00001441-00001811": "TELEVISION SYSTEM, AND REENLISTED 21 SAILORS ON", "nRMu71_OUwc-00006-00001811-00001911": "BOARD.", "nRMu71_OUwc-00007-00001955-00002172": "I CAN'T THANK YOU ENOUGH FOR EVERYTHING THAT YOU", "nRMu71_OUwc-00008-00002172-00002272": "DO.", "nRMu71_OUwc-00009-00002325-00002489": "IT'S A VERY UNIQUE DEPLOYMENT,", "nRMu71_OUwc-00010-00002489-00002822": "FIRST TIME THAT WE HAVE DEPLOYED TO THE 7TH FLEET", "nRMu71_OUwc-00011-00002822-00003126": "AREA OF RESPONSIBILITY IN ALMOST A DECADE,", "nRMu71_OUwc-00012-00003126-00003329": "AND YOU GUYS ARE KNOCKING IT OUT OF THE PARK.", "nRMu71_OUwc-00013-00003426-00003626": "ADMIRAL RICHARDSON VISITED JOHN C.", "nRMu71_OUwc-00014-00003626-00003867": "STENNIS IN SUPPORT OF CARRIER STRIKE GROUP 3'S", "nRMu71_OUwc-00015-00003867-00004100": "7TH FLEET DEPLOYMENT.", "nRMu71_OUwc-00016-00004100-00004210": "REPORTING FROM JOHN C.", "nRMu71_OUwc-00017-00004210-00004708": "STENNIS, I'M PETTY OFFICER NICK GRIM."}}, {"audio_id": "nRV4yY8jOOY", "text": {"nRV4yY8jOOY-00000-00000014-00000283": "War in Ukraine Day 439!", "nRV4yY8jOOY-00001-00000283-00000462": "Ukraine Targeted Two Russian Regions!", "nRV4yY8jOOY-00002-00000462-00000903": "Don’t forget to like and subscribe before moving on to details.", "nRV4yY8jOOY-00003-00000903-00001288": "Accordingly, The Ukrainian army struck the Belgorod and Kursk regions of Russia.", "nRV4yY8jOOY-00004-00001288-00001727": "Further details are yet to be announced on the relevant topic.", "nRV4yY8jOOY-00005-00001727-00002265": "Ukrainian Defence Ministry has not claimed anything on the issue, but it has been acknowledged", "nRV4yY8jOOY-00006-00002265-00002876": "by the majority that these attacks are conducted by Ukraine on a regular basis.", "nRV4yY8jOOY-00007-00002876-00003527": "On the other hand, AFU reportedly eliminated a battalion commander and three captains,", "nRV4yY8jOOY-00008-00003527-00004056": "according to a report by Anatoliy Shtefan, an officer of the Armed Forces of Ukraine.", "nRV4yY8jOOY-00009-00004056-00004598": "A Russian battalion commander holding the rank of lieutenant colonel and the enemy captains", "nRV4yY8jOOY-00010-00004598-00005232": "were among those killed in action during the full-scale war of the Russian Federation against", "nRV4yY8jOOY-00011-00005232-00005332": "Ukraine.", "nRV4yY8jOOY-00012-00005332-00005739": "The Ukrainian defender also identified the names of the enemy battalion's lieutenant", "nRV4yY8jOOY-00013-00005739-00006504": "colonel Anton Teslya and major Andrey Lukyanov, whom they \"successfully demobilized.\"", "nRV4yY8jOOY-00014-00006504-00007011": "There were also massive wildfires and a fire at a construction site in Russia, which led", "nRV4yY8jOOY-00015-00007011-00007493": "to the evacuation of a small village in the country's Sverdlovsk region.", "nRV4yY8jOOY-00016-00007493-00008027": "The cause of the blaze is still unknown, but reports suggest that it may have been caused", "nRV4yY8jOOY-00017-00008027-00008498": "by garbage and construction materials catching fire.", "nRV4yY8jOOY-00018-00008498-00009005": "Videos and photos of the smoke and flames caused by the fire circulated online, with", "nRV4yY8jOOY-00019-00009005-00009534": "some wondering if this is a sign of Russian expansionist ambitions.", "nRV4yY8jOOY-00020-00009534-00010164": "Russian President Vladimir Putin has no goals or strategy in the Ukraine war, according", "nRV4yY8jOOY-00021-00010164-00010596": "to former Russian commander Igor Girkin on Sunday.", "nRV4yY8jOOY-00022-00010596-00011277": "Putin launched his \"special military operation\" on Ukraine on February 24, 2022, aiming for", "nRV4yY8jOOY-00023-00011277-00011818": "a quick victory against his Eastern European neighbor, which at the time was perceived", "nRV4yY8jOOY-00024-00011818-00012146": "to have a smaller, weaker military.", "nRV4yY8jOOY-00025-00012146-00012678": "However, Ukraine's spirited defense efforts, bolstered by Western military aid, combined", "nRV4yY8jOOY-00026-00012678-00013204": "with weaknesses among Putin's troops, blunted Russian military gains.", "nRV4yY8jOOY-00027-00013204-00013804": "More than a year later, fighting remains concentrated in eastern Ukraine, with Moscow continuing", "nRV4yY8jOOY-00028-00013804-00014066": "to struggle to make progress.", "nRV4yY8jOOY-00029-00014066-00014616": "Mounting military losses on the battlefield have opened Putin up to criticism among Russian", "nRV4yY8jOOY-00030-00014616-00015206": "nationalists, who generally support the idea of taking Ukrainian territory, but have questioned", "nRV4yY8jOOY-00031-00015206-00015530": "the effectiveness of Moscow's military leadership.", "nRV4yY8jOOY-00032-00015530-00016159": "Girkin, who rose to prominence during the 2014 annexation of Crimea and was found guilty", "nRV4yY8jOOY-00033-00016159-00016840": "last year of participating in the downing of Malaysia Airlines Flight 17, is a leading", "nRV4yY8jOOY-00034-00016840-00017144": "voice among these Russian nationalists.", "nRV4yY8jOOY-00035-00017144-00017714": "He has also offered sharp criticisms in recent months as the war continues to stagnate.", "nRV4yY8jOOY-00036-00017714-00018241": "Don’t forget to subscribe to our channel for more breaking news.", "nRV4yY8jOOY-00037-00018241-00018392": "Also, turn on notifications to be tuned."}}, {"audio_id": "nSHWrDT9aIM", "text": {"nSHWrDT9aIM-00000-00000008-00000512": "today's engineering challenge you only need one piece of required equipment it's a toilet paper", "nSHWrDT9aIM-00001-00000512-00001248": "or paper towel tube everything else can just be things you have lying around in your desk or in", "nSHWrDT9aIM-00002-00001248-00001855": "your recycling bin so go ahead and grab a tube and let's talk about the James Webb space telescope", "nSHWrDT9aIM-00003-00002352-00002912": "lots of telescopes use mirrors to collect light and the bigger the mirror the more light you can", "nSHWrDT9aIM-00004-00002912-00003400": "detect which means you can find fainter things things that don't give off as much light and", "nSHWrDT9aIM-00005-00003400-00003984": "things that are farther away the James Webb space telescope is going to have the largest mirror that", "nSHWrDT9aIM-00006-00003984-00004944": "we've put into space at 6.5 meters across that's 21 feet it has 18 hexagonal segments that sort of", "nSHWrDT9aIM-00007-00005000-00005792": "you know tile together to make this one big mirror each of those segments is beryllium coated in gold", "nSHWrDT9aIM-00008-00005792-00006559": "and the problem is that we don't have a rocket that is 6.5 meters wide plus in addition to that", "nSHWrDT9aIM-00009-00006559-00007095": "big mirror there are three other mirrors there are instruments and there's this big sun shield", "nSHWrDT9aIM-00010-00007095-00007656": "that looks like a bunch of aluminum foil that's to block out light from the sun so the telescope", "nSHWrDT9aIM-00011-00007656-00008192": "can see light from other sources the rocket that the James Webb space telescope is launching in is", "nSHWrDT9aIM-00012-00008192-00009096": "an ariane 5 which has a payload bay of about 4.5 meters so that means that this big mirror on the", "nSHWrDT9aIM-00013-00009096-00009704": "space telescope needs to fold up so that it can fit inside the rocket that will take it to space", "nSHWrDT9aIM-00014-00009784-00010472": "this is a huge challenge not just because this thing is big and sensitive but because", "nSHWrDT9aIM-00015-00010472-00011120": "it is going to have to deploy itself in space with no people there to check on it or help or", "nSHWrDT9aIM-00016-00011120-00011560": "assist if something is going wrong it is an automated process once messages", "nSHWrDT9aIM-00017-00011560-00012200": "are sent to it to do these things so why put a telescope in space if it is so difficult to do", "nSHWrDT9aIM-00018-00012312-00012863": "the reason has to do with what the James Webb space telescope is looking for and what it's", "nSHWrDT9aIM-00019-00012863-00013688": "looking for can't be found on earth our atmosphere is fantastic and we could not live without it", "nSHWrDT9aIM-00020-00013688-00014344": "it filters out some of the most damaging forms of electromagnetic radiation as well as some totally", "nSHWrDT9aIM-00021-00014344-00015136": "safe forms of electromagnetic radiation what we get from the sun is light and some heat not all", "nSHWrDT9aIM-00022-00015136-00015816": "of it and some radio waves but not all of those the atmosphere filters out a lot of radio waves", "nSHWrDT9aIM-00023-00015872-00016272": "a lot of heat also known as infrared as well as then the", "nSHWrDT9aIM-00024-00016272-00016776": "more dangerous things like x-rays and gamma rays we have to be really careful with our astronauts", "nSHWrDT9aIM-00025-00016776-00017160": "when we send them outside of the atmosphere to make sure that they're protected from those", "nSHWrDT9aIM-00026-00017160-00017664": "dangerous types of radiation knowing that our atmosphere blocks these certain kinds of light", "nSHWrDT9aIM-00027-00017792-00018248": "some of the light that it blocks is ones that we need to see to know about the early parts", "nSHWrDT9aIM-00028-00018248-00018760": "of the universe and things that are really far away from us and there's reasons for that that", "nSHWrDT9aIM-00029-00018760-00019208": "are really cool and exciting that i'm not going to get into here but i hope that you ask me about it", "nSHWrDT9aIM-00030-00019264-00019936": "so we need this telescope in space so we can learn more about how our universe formed and how it is", "nSHWrDT9aIM-00031-00019936-00020856": "continuing to evolve which is super cool all right time for the challenge so your goal is to build", "nSHWrDT9aIM-00032-00020856-00021416": "something that fits into this toilet paper tube um i'm okay with it sticking out if you're okay", "nSHWrDT9aIM-00033-00021416-00021960": "with things sticking out the end we'll pretend that you've got more stuff but when you remove it", "nSHWrDT9aIM-00034-00022024-00022616": "it should unfurl hopefully mostly unassisted i mean the the James Webb space telescope has a ton", "nSHWrDT9aIM-00035-00022616-00023128": "of motors and things that are making things move it's not just popping into space but i'm hoping", "nSHWrDT9aIM-00036-00023128-00023800": "yours will at least have a little bit of a pop or a spring um so once you take it out it will expand", "nSHWrDT9aIM-00037-00023800-00024336": "to be a little bit larger and i want to see and hear all about the um cool creations that you're", "nSHWrDT9aIM-00038-00024336-00024856": "coming up with i've created a flipgrid space so that you can show me some videos of the things", "nSHWrDT9aIM-00039-00024856-00025288": "that you've made and maybe check out some things other people have come up with one thing that i", "nSHWrDT9aIM-00040-00025288-00025927": "want you to know about the engineering process is that it is not only okay to fail but if you're not", "nSHWrDT9aIM-00041-00025927-00026512": "failing you're not doing it right the first thing you try probably isn't going to work you might", "nSHWrDT9aIM-00042-00026512-00027024": "try something way down the line thinking it's going to work and it is absolutely not going to", "nSHWrDT9aIM-00043-00027127-00027664": "that is totally okay that is expected that's what trying new things means it means failing", "nSHWrDT9aIM-00044-00027664-00028248": "at a bunch of things before you get to an acceptable solution the James Webb space telescope", "nSHWrDT9aIM-00045-00028248-00029064": "was the project started in 1996 and it was supposed to have launched in 2007. it is 2021", "nSHWrDT9aIM-00046-00029064-00029583": "and we are scheduled for a December 22nd launch at this point that was just pushed back last week", "nSHWrDT9aIM-00047-00029680-00030208": "this is a really complicated difficult thing um and it has taken a long time and a lot of", "nSHWrDT9aIM-00048-00030208-00031104": "setbacks down the road your your design will not take 25 years to come to fruition another critical", "nSHWrDT9aIM-00049-00031104-00031664": "part of engineering design is collaboration working together with other people you saw how", "nSHWrDT9aIM-00050-00031664-00032264": "many people were in those clean rooms helping to assemble the the James Webb space telescope", "nSHWrDT9aIM-00051-00032327-00032936": "and those were just the people physically in the room this was an international effort a team from", "nSHWrDT9aIM-00052-00032936-00033488": "nasa from the Canadian space agency from the European space agency there were corporate", "nSHWrDT9aIM-00053-00033488-00034104": "partners like northrop grumman all of these people were working together to make this project happen", "nSHWrDT9aIM-00054-00034168-00034776": "the James Webb space telescope was assembled in California but the project lead was in Maryland", "nSHWrDT9aIM-00055-00034872-00035520": "the software for it came through independent verification and validation here in West Virginia", "nSHWrDT9aIM-00056-00035520-00035952": "and it's going to be launching from Kourou, French Guiana in South America", "nSHWrDT9aIM-00057-00036056-00036536": "this could not happen without hundreds of people being involved", "nSHWrDT9aIM-00058-00036536-00037128": "and i really recommend that when you're doing your engineering project that you", "nSHWrDT9aIM-00059-00037128-00037648": "you work together with other people even if it's just sharing ideas good luck have fun", "nSHWrDT9aIM-00060-00037712-00039384": "and the link to the flipgrid where you can share your creation is down in the description", "nSHWrDT9aIM-00061-00040696-00040704": "you"}}, {"audio_id": "nSN8PNdZ6vk", "text": {"nSN8PNdZ6vk-00000-00000000-00004000": "🌟 🇺🇸 Marquis suit for a boy — Shop GrandStart.ru 🌟"}}, {"audio_id": "nSTe78qoai0", "text": {"nSTe78qoai0-00000-00001825-00002324": "Live from Shadowmere Studios its TalkyBox and its not a tumor why are you", "nSTe78qoai0-00001-00002324-00003161": "licking that are you sure oh um I thought I spilled something so you were licking", "nSTe78qoai0-00002-00003161-00003580": "the microphone it's look let's get back to the important thing there's not to", "nSTe78qoai0-00003-00003580-00004051": "her it's not too much um um you're I'm just trying to have my doubts if you're", "nSTe78qoai0-00004-00004051-00004592": "licking microphones I mean you know that's good news yeah well yeah because", "nSTe78qoai0-00005-00004592-00004991": "we were worried we were worried about what it might be right and it winds up", "nSTe78qoai0-00006-00004991-00005680": "it's just like so strawberry sauce or something yeah yeah please stop liking", "nSTe78qoai0-00007-00005680-00006167": "the my strawberry sauce with strawberry sauce all right perfect", "nSTe78qoai0-00008-00006167-00006611": "yeah he doesn't need anything with strawberries today so that's Jason", "nSTe78qoai0-00009-00006611-00007067": "licking microphones yeah I'm Jason look at microphone justin is not looking to", "nSTe78qoai0-00010-00007067-00007538": "microphone I'm not not Dave and I would never look a microphone cuz I know where", "nSTe78qoai0-00011-00007538-00007903": "they've been never what like fresh out of the box", "nSTe78qoai0-00012-00007903-00008315": "like brand spankin new microphone it's yours you need to have a claim to it now", "nSTe78qoai0-00013-00008315-00008575": "you know somebody shoved that in their pants right before they put in a box", "nSTe78qoai0-00014-00008575-00009227": "perfect I mean only if you ordered it from Amazon because you know how Joey", "nSTe78qoai0-00015-00009227-00009581": "and his crew are that's true yeah probably Kenan rubbing their balls and", "nSTe78qoai0-00016-00009581-00009925": "all kinds of stuff yeah maybe not here to defend himself", "nSTe78qoai0-00017-00009925-00010328": "now he's not honking shit he should be he should be here to defend himself now", "nSTe78qoai0-00018-00010328-00011003": "you've got he's got work work other words I required mark not this work yeah", "nSTe78qoai0-00019-00011003-00011731": "what's going on not much man not much I mean it is my birth it's your birthday", "nSTe78qoai0-00020-00011731-00012596": "birthday yeah there was something about today that was special yep it's Amazon", "nSTe78qoai0-00021-00012596-00013039": "Prime day there it is that's it one prime day yeah so it means that there's", "nSTe78qoai0-00022-00013039-00013882": "a whole bunch of deals on Amazon you know today can I buy an Amazon I mean", "nSTe78qoai0-00023-00013882-00014366": "probably not on Amazon well I'm certain that if you go to certain Russian", "nSTe78qoai0-00024-00014366-00014816": "websites you could probably buy an Amazon you could get Wonder Woman in", "nSTe78qoai0-00025-00014816-00015311": "Mobilia you know someone actually post a picture data saw", "nSTe78qoai0-00026-00015311-00015997": "had one Irwin's head on Optimus Prime's body Amazon Prime yeah I see what they", "nSTe78qoai0-00027-00015997-00016526": "did right that's what a meme yeah be mean you'll see that's something I don't", "nSTe78qoai0-00028-00016526-00016895": "really understand yeah I don't think you're supposed to no no no that the", "nSTe78qoai0-00029-00016895-00017258": "common ground with like like with memes in general yeah it's just like what", "nSTe78qoai0-00030-00017258-00017918": "exactly is a meme yeah you know it when you see it see that could not the answer", "nSTe78qoai0-00031-00017918-00018248": "I'm looking for that you're getting because it's like what it's like a", "nSTe78qoai0-00032-00018248-00018719": "single panel not necessarily thing and sometimes they're interactive and", "nSTe78qoai0-00033-00018719-00019174": "sometimes they're not sometimes they just Express the point of view or and", "nSTe78qoai0-00034-00019174-00019733": "then sometimes it's like you know fill out this questionnaire and I don't", "nSTe78qoai0-00035-00019733-00020069": "really understand it's a soon to you something that goes around and people", "nSTe78qoai0-00036-00020069-00020564": "get involved and enjoy when they share with their friends whatever well let me", "nSTe78qoai0-00037-00020564-00021055": "I can give you the Wikipedia definition yeah but I don't know that if like", "nSTe78qoai0-00038-00021055-00021377": "contextually it will fit in to what we're talking about but this is the", "nSTe78qoai0-00039-00021377-00022043": "definition a meme is an idea behavior or style that spreads from person to person", "nSTe78qoai0-00040-00022043-00022643": "within a culture a meme acts as a unit for carrying cultural ideas symbols or", "nSTe78qoai0-00041-00022643-00023087": "practices that could be transmitted from one mind to another through writing", "nSTe78qoai0-00042-00023087-00023615": "speech gestures rituals or other imitable phenomena through with a", "nSTe78qoai0-00043-00023615-00024293": "mimicked theme alright I kind of understand what you're saying and I feel", "nSTe78qoai0-00044-00024293-00025033": "like that does fit the extraordinarily large amount of practices I've seen in", "nSTe78qoai0-00045-00025033-00025613": "the meme world because it goes from like just a game of Thrones guy saying", "nSTe78qoai0-00046-00025613-00026207": "something witty about the president to like like fill out this resume or or if", "nSTe78qoai0-00047-00026207-00026714": "your social security number matches up with this kind of storm you're this kind", "nSTe78qoai0-00048-00026714-00027133": "of Pokemon you know it's always something weird like that that sounds", "nSTe78qoai0-00049-00027133-00027722": "like a scam now I know we can drill it in or what's a routing number is we can", "nSTe78qoai0-00050-00027722-00027989": "drill down a little bit further to internet meme which i think is a lot", "nSTe78qoai0-00051-00027989-00028418": "closer to what you're asking about yeah it is an activity", "nSTe78qoai0-00052-00028418-00028903": "concept catchphrase or piece of media which spreads often as mimicry or for", "nSTe78qoai0-00053-00028903-00029728": "comedic purposes from person to person via the Internet oh yes it also may take", "nSTe78qoai0-00054-00029728-00030224": "the form of an image typically an image macro hyperlink video website war", "nSTe78qoai0-00055-00030224-00030703": "hashtag it may just be a word or phrase sometimes including an intentional", "nSTe78qoai0-00056-00030703-00031427": "misspelling wow we can realize all kinds of study form of Internet communication", "nSTe78qoai0-00057-00031427-00031991": "yeah just about yeah all it's me yeah meaning that is until I mean just like a", "nSTe78qoai0-00058-00031991-00032425": "chatroom if it's if it's any form besides like chatroom it sounds like", "nSTe78qoai0-00059-00032425-00032900": "it's meaning right which in which you could put means yeah yeah all right well", "nSTe78qoai0-00060-00032900-00033515": "that kind of clears it up I guess it just has an unclear nature so there's no", "nSTe78qoai0-00061-00033515-00034225": "real way to clear it up you just sort of accept like okay this is a meme and this", "nSTe78qoai0-00062-00034225-00035090": "is also a meme right yeah I'm very I like structure well um good for you", "nSTe78qoai0-00063-00035090-00035615": "alright tell you you guys see any good memes you what's it what's your favorite", "nSTe78qoai0-00064-00035615-00036080": "me and you ever participate in a meme how does one participate to me you know", "nSTe78qoai0-00065-00036080-00036611": "I'm just sharing it by sharing it or reading it or created some here and", "nSTe78qoai0-00066-00036611-00037121": "there is there's several websites we can go to make your own memes and I've done", "nSTe78qoai0-00067-00037121-00037559": "that a few times I don't remember em there I think I think it's what one of", "nSTe78qoai0-00068-00037559-00037984": "the things about memes like it it comes and goes so fast like you forget about", "nSTe78qoai0-00069-00037984-00038675": "these things quickly as new ones pop up so I don't know have a here we go I got", "nSTe78qoai0-00070-00038675-00039478": "one I just made a meme and right here so it was it was very simple very easy mmm", "nSTe78qoai0-00071-00039478-00039962": "and I think it makes sense I don't know if you guys can see this well we'll get", "nSTe78qoai0-00072-00039962-00040337": "Brian to put up on the website yeah just just made that really quick memes are", "nSTe78qoai0-00073-00040337-00040706": "easy it's good to shout out to Brian now Brian can you get down to the website", "nSTe78qoai0-00074-00040706-00041240": "yeah please all right I mean you know social media Brian or as I like to call", "nSTe78qoai0-00075-00041240-00042206": "him S&M Brian he asked me a stuff haha oh I like it now I like it a lot so", "nSTe78qoai0-00076-00042206-00042521": "I'm just gonna keep going to messin and Brian I like how you chose pry to be my", "nSTe78qoai0-00077-00042521-00043252": "representative yep right you know what's doing what I could anything", "nSTe78qoai0-00078-00043252-00044038": "anything for you well so that pretty much covers my meme yeah listen don't be", "nSTe78qoai0-00079-00044038-00044446": "upset we can we can make some more memes see right who we should have like two", "nSTe78qoai0-00080-00044446-00044803": "weeks of stuff to talk about we didn't do it we in doing episode last week nope", "nSTe78qoai0-00081-00044803-00045308": "we had we did do a bit on disappointment right yeah we didn't we all appointment", "nSTe78qoai0-00082-00045308-00045725": "actually I brought up too tough winking in the car on the way over here the", "nSTe78qoai0-00083-00045725-00046508": "studio that I no longer put any effort into coming up with topics for just the", "nSTe78qoai0-00084-00046508-00046906": "exact reason that y'all displayed well I'll bring something up and it'll go", "nSTe78qoai0-00085-00046906-00047306": "nowhere and y'all will just crash it and shoot it down and when I shoot it down", "nSTe78qoai0-00086-00047306-00047774": "you tell me that bombs I mean he didn't really have anything to say that kind of", "nSTe78qoai0-00087-00047774-00048406": "dead-eyed me as though life I had I was killing the show and you just went", "nSTe78qoai0-00088-00048406-00048787": "silent and you've been tippity-tap typing over here you had a question I", "nSTe78qoai0-00089-00048787-00049300": "got you an answer and then I appreciate it and then you doodled up a medium for", "nSTe78qoai0-00090-00049300-00049672": "it I sure did which is really cool because there's a good chance that it'll", "nSTe78qoai0-00091-00049672-00050068": "never be on the website no I'm gonna put it in there sure you are", "nSTe78qoai0-00092-00050068-00050968": "I mean you you doodle every show and we're on what 3435 yeah", "nSTe78qoai0-00093-00050968-00051427": "and ain't nobody ever seen any of these doodles you you've told Dave personally", "nSTe78qoai0-00094-00051427-00051851": "I've witnessed it and I've sent them that you have sent them I have probably", "nSTe78qoai0-00095-00051851-00052192": "six seven eight times oh and I've never gotten a single one I", "nSTe78qoai0-00096-00052192-00052642": "don't know what your problem is you're about at my phone and it's like not once", "nSTe78qoai0-00097-00052642-00053297": "is ago ah so it seems to me seems to me like somebody's lying to me yeah so you", "nSTe78qoai0-00098-00053297-00053791": "take a stab at it might be you though it's definitely me I've been lying about", "nSTe78qoai0-00099-00053791-00054536": "how do you think I keep pushing through yeah with this cheery smile that's a lie", "nSTe78qoai0-00100-00054536-00054925": "to myself right like most human beings mm-hmm right", "nSTe78qoai0-00101-00054925-00055445": "Italy you light other people like most human beings yes mister from", "nSTe78qoai0-00102-00055445-00056054": "time to time yep yep now if you haven't seen that our Independence Day video go", "nSTe78qoai0-00103-00056054-00056345": "check it out and be disappointed with along with us that's on YouTube", "nSTe78qoai0-00104-00056345-00057032": "somewhere but I was gonna I was gonna do a video for last night with your", "nSTe78qoai0-00105-00057032-00057505": "birthday thing yep we just never did it didn't do it also not long a lot going", "nSTe78qoai0-00106-00057505-00057817": "on we we had dinner we had drinks it was nice time yeah it was a good time it", "nSTe78qoai0-00107-00057817-00058232": "wasn't like a big you know if we would have gotten like three more pictures of", "nSTe78qoai0-00108-00058232-00058616": "margaritas things would have gotten really interesting what we had to we had", "nSTe78qoai0-00109-00058616-00058937": "to if you wanted three more if we would have done that things would have gotten", "nSTe78qoai0-00110-00058937-00059150": "very interesting I mean he'll if we would have got one more things probably", "nSTe78qoai0-00111-00059150-00059459": "would have got a little more interesting yeah they're both had to drive us home", "nSTe78qoai0-00112-00059459-00060146": "yep more than likely in uber driver yeah or a lyft driver or one of those other", "nSTe78qoai0-00113-00060146-00060545": "but never used with that she's never used lift now it's the same thing I", "nSTe78qoai0-00114-00060545-00060902": "imagine it still so I'm picking you up in their car yep yeah they just they", "nSTe78qoai0-00115-00060902-00061385": "don't have to be as nice as uber cars really yep lift can I shoot of your cars", "nSTe78qoai0-00116-00061385-00061952": "yep can it be any shitty car I don't think so I think they do have you know", "nSTe78qoai0-00117-00061952-00062747": "there's standard cage that's not as not as strict as Zuber yeah probably not a", "nSTe78qoai0-00118-00062747-00063217": "strict I think uber has it has to be within so many four years five years old", "nSTe78qoai0-00119-00063217-00063710": "most or something like that something like that I wonder what happens if you", "nSTe78qoai0-00120-00063710-00064313": "if you start off with a car that's like at the the maximum age do they make you", "nSTe78qoai0-00121-00064313-00064790": "get a new car I think eventually you might have to get a new car hmm be", "nSTe78qoai0-00122-00064790-00065534": "pretty screwed up but yeah it's weird oh but I think they they help you like", "nSTe78qoai0-00123-00065534-00066101": "with like leasing options yes good I'm under the impression that they aid you", "nSTe78qoai0-00124-00066101-00066425": "in getting a vehicle that's up to their standards", "nSTe78qoai0-00125-00066425-00066815": "now do know I have a friend who a guy grew up with who became an uber driver", "nSTe78qoai0-00126-00066815-00067382": "and he got in a wreck or something at some point and that was his job like", "nSTe78qoai0-00127-00067382-00067739": "he's a sole job was uber driving but his car was out of commission they would not", "nSTe78qoai0-00128-00067739-00068348": "let him use a rental car as an uber car and so he had he could not make money", "nSTe78qoai0-00129-00068348-00068663": "until his car got fixed is really best about it it's probably", "nSTe78qoai0-00130-00068663-00069431": "some kind of a double insurer law or something like that like where they they", "nSTe78qoai0-00131-00069431-00069821": "would be insuring and the rental car agency would be insuring or something", "nSTe78qoai0-00132-00069821-00070595": "like that just I think I messed up though he had no other option of working", "nSTe78qoai0-00133-00070595-00070958": "i guess because i mean i'd like to assume that like well i don't know i", "nSTe78qoai0-00134-00070958-00071606": "mean if you're like driving a medical van or something like that to like", "nSTe78qoai0-00135-00071606-00071951": "hospitals like from blood banks to hospitals or something like that and", "nSTe78qoai0-00136-00071951-00072337": "your van gets messed up and you rented another van like would there be issue", "nSTe78qoai0-00137-00072337-00072875": "with you driving blood in this rented van I mean it would if you're if you're", "nSTe78qoai0-00138-00072875-00073358": "a blood driver like this they give you a van right that's not your van driver", "nSTe78qoai0-00139-00073358-00074215": "okay I don't know all right well let's do some research on this blood drive but", "nSTe78qoai0-00140-00074215-00074972": "so he Alexa look a bunch there's an American Red Cross blood driver near you", "nSTe78qoai0-00141-00074972-00075569": "today donate plasma no don't do that it hurts now now me and Jason we're having", "nSTe78qoai0-00142-00075569-00075881": "this discussion on the way over here about ways that we can make more money", "nSTe78qoai0-00143-00075881-00076418": "and we were talking about advertisers and stuff like that and then I think we", "nSTe78qoai0-00144-00076418-00076985": "can't had an epiphany that we just need to get in with companies and promise to", "nSTe78qoai0-00145-00076985-00077596": "force our listeners to buy products from them by telling Alexa to order product", "nSTe78qoai0-00146-00077596-00078137": "yeah hey Alexa order me a Rubbermaid Tupperware set now I just have to get in", "nSTe78qoai0-00147-00078137-00078593": "contact Rubbermaid not a sponsored maybe we should on that part first and then", "nSTe78qoai0-00148-00078593-00079106": "not told our listeners and viewers the plan right now they're gonna move their", "nSTe78qoai0-00149-00079106-00079616": "Lexus away I think no no they want to be part of it yeah they wanna be part of", "nSTe78qoai0-00150-00079616-00079979": "the show I don't know they want to I think saris for me and somebody already", "nSTe78qoai0-00151-00079979-00080315": "had a toaster ordered for them yeah that's true that which I think is", "nSTe78qoai0-00152-00080315-00080756": "phenomenal I just wish I would have known what brand of toaster so we could", "nSTe78qoai0-00153-00080756-00081347": "have gotten in contact with them Bradley was a $70 toaster a $70 toaster that's a", "nSTe78qoai0-00154-00081347-00081728": "good toaster sounds like a good toaster out probably you can every order if you", "nSTe78qoai0-00155-00081728-00082004": "like put your own face the toes man it sounds like one of those", "nSTe78qoai0-00156-00082004-00082301": "you can like add an egg to and it will I cook the egg for you while it's making", "nSTe78qoai0-00157-00082301-00082628": "your toast if you see legs in a basket I'm doing a toaster though the others", "nSTe78qoai0-00158-00082628-00083174": "there's toasters that will like cookie little like sandwiches Alexa Bobby one", "nSTe78qoai0-00159-00083174-00083672": "of those toasters that'll make a mega mega sandwich yes is that not just an", "nSTe78qoai0-00160-00083672-00084473": "oven that's that client like a toaster that makes you sandwiches like isn't a", "nSTe78qoai0-00161-00084473-00085019": "toaster just a smaller oven yeah for bread yeah it's a bread oven there's", "nSTe78qoai0-00162-00085019-00085676": "actually there's a company out there that has raised like over a billion", "nSTe78qoai0-00163-00085676-00086528": "dollars in creating like to create a faster smarter oven that will toast", "nSTe78qoai0-00164-00086528-00087020": "bread within 30 seconds and it's like that will act as a microwave", "nSTe78qoai0-00165-00087020-00087530": "it will also crisp things so it's saying that you can like make a pizza as crispy", "nSTe78qoai0-00166-00087530-00087824": "as it would be in the oven only you just pop it in the microwave for a few", "nSTe78qoai0-00167-00087824-00088148": "minutes okay yeah I'm still waiting to see like the", "nSTe78qoai0-00168-00088148-00088523": "prototype product but I think that one oh yeah that would get us that much", "nSTe78qoai0-00169-00088523-00089048": "closer to like the Pizza Hut pizzas as seen in Back to the Future where you", "nSTe78qoai0-00170-00089048-00089438": "just get like a tiny little disc yeah and then you just have like this steam", "nSTe78qoai0-00171-00089438-00089972": "plate oven thing create a full-size pizza for you I like the fifth element", "nSTe78qoai0-00172-00089972-00090392": "where she puts like a pill in the microwave and a whole chicken dinner", "nSTe78qoai0-00173-00090392-00091148": "come yeah it's on that chicken for some reason though those chicken yeah fixed", "nSTe78qoai0-00174-00091148-00091580": "again like for some reason that made me want chicken so badly watching that", "nSTe78qoai0-00175-00091580-00091943": "movie every time i watch them like me and I could why not ideal chicken I", "nSTe78qoai0-00176-00091943-00092291": "could go for a whole roasted pill chicken that sounds delicious", "nSTe78qoai0-00177-00092291-00092888": "well that's probably just you know Milla Jovovich is influences I mean you know", "nSTe78qoai0-00178-00092888-00093452": "her being and Resident Evil kind of made me want the apocalypse so she just has", "nSTe78qoai0-00179-00093452-00093821": "that influence I can do that she's a powerful lady have you seen my newest", "nSTe78qoai0-00180-00093821-00094565": "one and it was Resident Evil nope I didn't maybe there's it's kind of", "nSTe78qoai0-00181-00094565-00094907": "convoluted that there's like sort of like the games are seven of them", "nSTe78qoai0-00182-00094907-00095530": "so what's here's the game series you know the video game series oh the", "nSTe78qoai0-00183-00095530-00096001": "video games of like a Syria another series of movies called the game look I", "nSTe78qoai0-00184-00096001-00096475": "don't know we're talking about where's that one no no okay but yeah I got yeah", "nSTe78qoai0-00185-00096475-00097047": "I was like am I not a miner you're not expressing your but your words enough", "nSTe78qoai0-00186-00097047-00097677": "but no I get yeah I I don't remember which movies I've seen now but they got", "nSTe78qoai0-00187-00097677-00098148": "kind of I guess if you watch them all at once you would know what's going on but", "nSTe78qoai0-00188-00098148-00098607": "having them come out like eight years apart or whatever they do is yeah yeah I", "nSTe78qoai0-00189-00098607-00098958": "remember very much there's one part where there's they're like in the desert", "nSTe78qoai0-00190-00098958-00099397": "and then there's another part where it's like all virtual reality and then", "nSTe78qoai0-00191-00099397-00100089": "there's I don't know it's it's kind of tough to follow yep oh my god", "nSTe78qoai0-00192-00100089-00100582": "alright guys there's something going on it's an amber ellipse an emergency Amber", "nSTe78qoai0-00193-00100582-00101263": "Alert you know my phone is so old I do not get Amber Alerts how are you going", "nSTe78qoai0-00194-00101263-00102033": "to save someone's life on numchucks that's that's my plan for years do you", "nSTe78qoai0-00195-00102033-00102492": "have those actually not know I'm kind of hoping that in that moment I just appear", "nSTe78qoai0-00196-00102492-00102870": "and you yeah I'm just think about there they are looking around shocked and", "nSTe78qoai0-00197-00102870-00103666": "confused like oh my god what's going on numchucks it's time it's time they're", "nSTe78qoai0-00198-00103666-00103954": "just going to appear out of nowhere just waiting for you well they were probably", "nSTe78qoai0-00199-00103954-00104367": "there the whole time I just didn't notice them until you know it was time", "nSTe78qoai0-00200-00104367-00105376": "till it was time I got a hate on me ah they're joining nunchuck very good so I", "nSTe78qoai0-00201-00105376-00106083": "would use those in too here they are it must be time time time for nunchucks so", "nSTe78qoai0-00202-00106083-00106541": "I was uh I was thinking about how to celebrate Justin's birthday besides", "nSTe78qoai0-00203-00106541-00107152": "tacos and tequila's not a sponsored right um which is why he texts me", "nSTe78qoai0-00204-00107152-00107545": "yesterday about going there and and I was like hey what's the plan for your", "nSTe78qoai0-00205-00107545-00107914": "birthdays like I'm figuring out and they just text me tacos and tequila's like I", "nSTe78qoai0-00206-00107914-00108339": "like those things cool we're we're doing this he's like talking stalkers into you", "nSTe78qoai0-00207-00108339-00108745": "actually oh that's a place I made same joke but I knew it was a place I", "nSTe78qoai0-00208-00108745-00109155": "did not I had no idea but kept everybody on their toes", "nSTe78qoai0-00209-00109155-00109741": "and then he took a nap so we refused to respond to any follow-up question well I", "nSTe78qoai0-00210-00109741-00110200": "had this being out like Justin X and other tacos and tequila's and passed out", "nSTe78qoai0-00211-00110200-00110859": "phone in hand it doesn't have this this like beanbag sort of faux beanbag foamy", "nSTe78qoai0-00212-00110859-00111517": "chair and the damn thing is so comfortable that I'm in my room like", "nSTe78qoai0-00213-00111517-00112083": "watching TV playing some games and stuff on my phone and then the next thing I", "nSTe78qoai0-00214-00112083-00112654": "know it's three hours later multi-media yeah time to get to some tacos tequila", "nSTe78qoai0-00215-00112654-00113317": "they're like oh god wake up wake up it's time to go yeah we made it barely but my", "nSTe78qoai0-00216-00113317-00113985": "idea was comedy show yes okay I thought like wouldn't it be great since you know", "nSTe78qoai0-00217-00113985-00114439": "talkie box is supposed to be funny from time to time right we're working on it", "nSTe78qoai0-00218-00114439-00115207": "we try I try maybe too hard and we all know pup chase and we you know but we", "nSTe78qoai0-00219-00115207-00115686": "looked and there were all the good places seem to be in metro Atlanta ya", "nSTe78qoai0-00220-00115686-00116235": "know outside the perimeter comedy clubs that really seemed to spark", "nSTe78qoai0-00221-00116235-00116758": "off and then everybody seems to be closed on Monday like there's there's", "nSTe78qoai0-00222-00116758-00117492": "nothing funny about Monday so we don't we don't do Mondays yeah it sounds right", "nSTe78qoai0-00223-00117492-00117958": "so it was pretty sad you know like I was like hey let's get some funny in our", "nSTe78qoai0-00224-00117958-00118746": "life on this yeah very monday day before your birthday not an option well I guess", "nSTe78qoai0-00225-00118746-00119095": "maybe shouldn't have a birthday on Monday we didn't get him Earth Day on", "nSTe78qoai0-00226-00119095-00119692": "Tuesdays yeah today's my birthday I just did we be doing this and the reality is", "nSTe78qoai0-00227-00119692-00120079": "that I have to be up at the ass crack of dawn in the morning actually before the", "nSTe78qoai0-00228-00120079-00120735": "ass crack of dawn you know the the dark spot of dawn the bloody Pat who was", "nSTe78qoai0-00229-00120735-00121348": "going yeah exactly and and go to work so I think it'd be better to have a little", "nSTe78qoai0-00230-00121348-00121917": "more time yeah mix-ins yep well maybe next year Oh", "nSTe78qoai0-00231-00121917-00122877": "maybe maybe next year it won't be a day that I have obligations on the front end", "nSTe78qoai0-00232-00122877-00123360": "of I'm back end of or what have you do something fun like a comedy show", "nSTe78qoai0-00233-00123360-00123960": "yeah have you ever been to a comedy show yeah we all went to a oddball comedy", "nSTe78qoai0-00234-00123960-00124347": "tour well yeah it was sure that was all of us it was like three years ago or", "nSTe78qoai0-00235-00124347-00124953": "something right won't loving who was in that it was like geez I'm sorry", "nSTe78qoai0-00236-00124953-00125521": "yeah um Chris Hardwick yeah oh yeah abandon impression and crawled in", "nSTe78qoai0-00237-00125521-00125964": "somebody's lap if I remember correctly I think Hannibal Buress was there oh yeah", "nSTe78qoai0-00238-00125964-00126433": "he sure was yeah I was Reggie Watts there as well I feel like he was but I", "nSTe78qoai0-00239-00126433-00126798": "don't remember seeing I think you went to get a beer I think I did know that", "nSTe78qoai0-00240-00126798-00127146": "line a little reduce yeah I remember some people going for a beer we gone", "nSTe78qoai0-00241-00127146-00127708": "like an hour you like Miss entire set if you've heard shrink tape it with your", "nSTe78qoai0-00242-00127708-00128121": "phone I'll come back I want to Jim Gaffigan was there one hmm", "nSTe78qoai0-00243-00128121-00128886": "oh I think so Sarah Silverman baby no no I mean we were all there we tailgated", "nSTe78qoai0-00244-00128886-00129474": "that Joe - we had a great baby yeah I got a I remember getting way too drunk", "nSTe78qoai0-00245-00129474-00130053": "and not remembering much yeah and I remember having a great time tailgating", "nSTe78qoai0-00246-00130053-00130521": "that show and we so we for those who weren't there most of the people", "nSTe78qoai0-00247-00130521-00131112": "watching this we posted up a tent like right at the entrance actually we got", "nSTe78qoai0-00248-00131112-00131583": "there super early post over 10 comment up so much fun put up chairs and this", "nSTe78qoai0-00249-00131583-00132135": "line starts forming and we're like y'all are dumb I'm just lining up for this", "nSTe78qoai0-00250-00132135-00132477": "comedy show we're all drinking people are like we should have been hanging out", "nSTe78qoai0-00251-00132477-00132867": "with these guys till done because we got the people watched that whole line did", "nSTe78qoai0-00252-00132867-00133275": "and there was always a blast we got to sit there and drink and just be like hey", "nSTe78qoai0-00253-00133275-00133708": "what are you in line for like what's going on tonight and just mess with", "nSTe78qoai0-00254-00133708-00134202": "everybody that comes by was great there were some weirdos in there - hmm and we", "nSTe78qoai0-00255-00134202-00134580": "made friends with our neighbors cuz they came with the same idea yeah and they", "nSTe78qoai0-00256-00134580-00135030": "had cornhole yeah now that was a good show I've been", "nSTe78qoai0-00257-00135030-00135515": "a few others I saw Jeff Dunham once you went to a puppet show I did you", "nSTe78qoai0-00258-00135515-00136053": "know and it was funny that's intense Tara there's a guy who opens for him", "nSTe78qoai0-00259-00136053-00136608": "called guitar guy and he has an actual name out notice apparently he's the dad", "nSTe78qoai0-00260-00136608-00136965": "of one of the guys in the bin Sevenfold though which is he talked about several", "nSTe78qoai0-00261-00136965-00137334": "times in his little set which was conditioning I mean who would argue with", "nSTe78qoai0-00262-00137334-00137678": "you all right I'm not looking it up all right", "nSTe78qoai0-00263-00137678-00138225": "guitar guy yeah um who else was seen who's the guy", "nSTe78qoai0-00264-00138225-00138819": "I can't think his name right now plays guitar and he's funny Stephen Lynch you", "nSTe78qoai0-00265-00138819-00139250": "see village yeah I've seen him twice very funny", "nSTe78qoai0-00266-00139250-00139800": "he had some really good stuff late 90s early 2000s I don't know if he was late", "nSTe78qoai0-00267-00139800-00140303": "99 things really I remember him like when I when I was in college like 2002", "nSTe78qoai0-00268-00140303-00140678": "yeah maybe I remember being around for quite some", "nSTe78qoai0-00269-00140678-00141146": "time that's great I went he's probably still around oh", "nSTe78qoai0-00270-00141146-00141702": "maybe I went to like an amateur like a locals kind of amateur kind of thing at", "nSTe78qoai0-00271-00141702-00142359": "the vortex which they had the Laughing Skull yeah there's a lounge there comedy", "nSTe78qoai0-00272-00142359-00143049": "club inside the vortex and it was a pretty good show and and oddly enough we", "nSTe78qoai0-00273-00143049-00143523": "got Margaret Cho like Margaret Rowe was putting on some kind of a show", "nSTe78qoai0-00274-00143523-00144408": "nearby and just walked in and was like I'll do a set and oh good so we got to", "nSTe78qoai0-00275-00144408-00145074": "see a bunch of like mediocre to decent comics and then like all of a sudden", "nSTe78qoai0-00276-00145074-00145500": "Margaret Cho showed up even though some of the some of the unknowns actually had", "nSTe78qoai0-00277-00145500-00145944": "a better set you know but you know well she's fine she's probably not busting", "nSTe78qoai0-00278-00145944-00146417": "our best stuff for an open mic it right laughing so so does what she could", "nSTe78qoai0-00279-00146417-00146949": "remember never had no fresh jokes but let me just see what I got pulled", "nSTe78qoai0-00280-00146949-00147191": "something out of the old backpacker or it could be you know if you're a famous", "nSTe78qoai0-00281-00147191-00147600": "comedian you could do stuff like that just to like test material I yeah I was", "nSTe78qoai0-00282-00147600-00147897": "thinking this joke might be funny let me go play it in front of a bunch of", "nSTe78qoai0-00283-00147897-00148374": "Schmucks they won't remember I was even there and except for you see ah plays", "nSTe78qoai0-00284-00148374-00148682": "yeah well I remember stuff", "nSTe78qoai0-00285-00148717-00149237": "good time yeah I wouldn't mind doing it again I'd love to see Stephen Lynch", "nSTe78qoai0-00286-00149237-00149520": "again he's still performing I'd love to go see him again he was very funny very", "nSTe78qoai0-00287-00149520-00149919": "good see I've only ever been to a comedy show like when we went to oddball with", "nSTe78qoai0-00288-00149919-00150287": "like that big amphitheater style cos I've ever been to a comedy show like I", "nSTe78qoai0-00289-00150287-00150716": "want to go to one of those more intimate like right comedy clubs like I've never", "nSTe78qoai0-00290-00150716-00151229": "been to a comedy club as much as I love stand-up comedy never been you need to", "nSTe78qoai0-00291-00151229-00151526": "make something like that happen beside laughing people what what do they", "nSTe78qoai0-00292-00151526-00151880": "have in Atlanta there's I think there's an improv here in Atlanta there is", "nSTe78qoai0-00293-00151880-00152273": "Atlanta there's one that's I think just called it late a comedy club something", "nSTe78qoai0-00294-00152273-00152813": "like that there's at least at least four or five I know dad's garage is like a", "nSTe78qoai0-00295-00152813-00153326": "big Improv Theater okay and I think they're like the oldest Improv Theater", "nSTe78qoai0-00296-00153326-00154025": "in in Atlanta because I imagine that it's impossible to be successful so like", "nSTe78qoai0-00297-00154025-00154454": "they're probably the only one that stood the test of time area I'm getting an", "nSTe78qoai0-00298-00154454-00154967": "update from S&M I mean social media Brian as a number i yeah SNM Brian he", "nSTe78qoai0-00299-00154967-00155585": "has he has communicated to us he said takes some pre-show picks and was a", "nSTe78qoai0-00300-00155585-00156041": "little late now and it's know that I can update Instagram so we've have a mist of", "nSTe78qoai0-00301-00156041-00156495": "that deadline Brian we are doing it where we're in it like halfway through", "nSTe78qoai0-00302-00156495-00157146": "so we'll take some post show pics and I have some memes here that we're going to", "nSTe78qoai0-00303-00157146-00157664": "try them out I'm having fun with these memes quick can meme making mean that's", "nSTe78qoai0-00304-00157664-00158351": "good you know that way our audience can source around our website for something", "nSTe78qoai0-00305-00158351-00159176": "that you're obviously not going to put in one day you're gonna just load them", "nSTe78qoai0-00306-00159176-00159677": "down with doodles and memes and shit and really great my phone's gonna blow up", "nSTe78qoai0-00307-00159677-00160184": "with just like 80 emails Justin sent me they've generally ship oh", "nSTe78qoai0-00308-00160184-00160880": "oh now I've never been to an improv show I am NOT either and I would really like", "nSTe78qoai0-00309-00160880-00161459": "to go to an improv show or even like a crowd work show which is I don't know if", "nSTe78qoai0-00310-00161459-00161854": "you've ever seen crowd work oh yeah it's basically where a comedian just", "nSTe78qoai0-00311-00161854-00162370": "stands up in front of the crowd and like talks to the crowd just picks out", "nSTe78qoai0-00312-00162370-00162982": "certain aspects of people and I saw a show in funny ways I saw a thing that", "nSTe78qoai0-00313-00162982-00163465": "Todd Barry did entire tour oh yeah Oh crowd work show he's fantastic", "nSTe78qoai0-00314-00163465-00163857": "it was amazing I was super impressed he was he was in that show I talked about", "nSTe78qoai0-00315-00163857-00164476": "the the show about the comedians that were cutting each other down", "nSTe78qoai0-00316-00164476-00165205": "oh the like whatever Jim Ross's things yeah yeah yeah roast", "nSTe78qoai0-00317-00165205-00165529": "battle or something yeah they goes battle there well I mention that in like", "nSTe78qoai0-00318-00165529-00166066": "I don't know yeah several months ago months ago but i think i think i", "nSTe78qoai0-00319-00166066-00166411": "mentioned to the crowd word tour during is anything yeah well it's worth", "nSTe78qoai0-00320-00166411-00166993": "mentioning twenty really is because he's a talented man fantastic yet you know", "nSTe78qoai0-00321-00166993-00167455": "you didn't you say went to an improv class at one point i went to an acting", "nSTe78qoai0-00322-00167455-00168202": "class okay i was like a one free get one free to check us out kind of thing and", "nSTe78qoai0-00323-00168202-00168775": "the beginning of it was basically like a little bit of light sort of like", "nSTe78qoai0-00324-00168775-00169500": "breathing and like some light acting discussion on the last half was all", "nSTe78qoai0-00325-00169500-00170239": "improv just to like try and like just find your relaxation point like be able", "nSTe78qoai0-00326-00170239-00170743": "if you can't act out in front of a class of strangers like they'll never be able", "nSTe78qoai0-00327-00170743-00171229": "to act out in front of an entire audience right strangers so like just", "nSTe78qoai0-00328-00171229-00171859": "find your space that you can be you know you can be a star in and it was pretty", "nSTe78qoai0-00329-00171859-00172117": "good it was my view obviously the very first", "nSTe78qoai0-00330-00172117-00172918": "time i was there and and there were an unusual mix of folks like almost a", "nSTe78qoai0-00331-00172918-00173488": "comedic variety of people like the one weird like the one you know there's", "nSTe78qoai0-00332-00173488-00173971": "always like the handsome gay black guy always like there's like the older", "nSTe78qoai0-00333-00173971-00174361": "lesbian couple like it really could have been a produced show like this", "nSTe78qoai0-00334-00174361-00174843": "experience are you walking like wait this is wait a second I'm a Truman Show", "nSTe78qoai0-00335-00174843-00175412": "darn right there love it yeah there was one like one cute", "nSTe78qoai0-00336-00175412-00175919": "girl who was there I think for confidence mmm like I don't think she", "nSTe78qoai0-00337-00175919-00176393": "was actually planning on being an actress because she could barely speak", "nSTe78qoai0-00338-00176393-00176900": "to people like I think she was actually taking acting classes just to get over", "nSTe78qoai0-00339-00176900-00177359": "social anxiety and stuff and so I got partnered up with her and some of the", "nSTe78qoai0-00340-00177359-00177782": "improv comedy which worked out great because I", "nSTe78qoai0-00341-00177782-00178442": "basically just played off of her not participating right as my comedy focus", "nSTe78qoai0-00342-00178442-00178844": "point and it worked really well I bet it did work well for her", "nSTe78qoai0-00343-00178844-00179189": "oh yeah just for you it was probably the first thing she was a part of the people", "nSTe78qoai0-00344-00179189-00179939": "laughed and am now as she was yeah and maybe I helped her yeah I'm degree like", "nSTe78qoai0-00345-00179939-00180440": "maybe there's like that asshole didn't let me speak at all no I gave her plenty", "nSTe78qoai0-00346-00180440-00181457": "of fun tons of opportunities and then you know would use comedic like delays", "nSTe78qoai0-00347-00181457-00182210": "and stuff to just be like alright good top perfect - he's just spidering on I", "nSTe78qoai0-00348-00182210-00182651": "did draw spider-man funny you should mention spider-man it had this thing", "nSTe78qoai0-00349-00182651-00183401": "yeah we saw spider-man how was it I really liked it was the homecoming right", "nSTe78qoai0-00350-00183401-00183752": "it was the spider-man homecoming and which you know that was because there", "nSTe78qoai0-00351-00183752-00184229": "was actually a homecoming yep there was a guy gave it a lawyers a little", "nSTe78qoai0-00352-00184229-00184655": "incoming in time at homecoming yeah I ruined it ruined everything now", "nSTe78qoai0-00353-00184655-00185198": "besides that point I won't ruin any more but I do have opinions that we talked", "nSTe78qoai0-00354-00185198-00185765": "about at the end of the the movie and I I support the people that say this is", "nSTe78qoai0-00355-00185765-00186512": "the best spider-man now the actor is a 21 year old yes uh but he's got a Tom", "nSTe78qoai0-00356-00186512-00187088": "Holland super babyface yeah so he he looks the part of a junior high schooler", "nSTe78qoai0-00357-00187088-00188030": "right and I feel like they've really pushed emphasizing him being young and", "nSTe78qoai0-00358-00188030-00188629": "immature and not just being able to jump into the mold of", "nSTe78qoai0-00359-00188629-00189130": "superheroes right right off the cuff like you had with Tobey Maguire and the", "nSTe78qoai0-00360-00189130-00189389": "other kid nobody cared about your Garfield yeah", "nSTe78qoai0-00361-00189389-00189860": "and like you know cuz they like they go to the montage of like spider pit and", "nSTe78qoai0-00362-00189860-00190370": "the next thing you know they're fighting like super duper villains like just just", "nSTe78qoai0-00363-00190370-00191369": "mastered their ability and and there's no like you know 9th 10th grade feel", "nSTe78qoai0-00364-00191369-00191957": "about the whole thing they feel like they grow into spider-man so quickly", "nSTe78qoai0-00365-00191957-00192655": "whereas this one feels like young dumb Peter Parker yeah they still trying to", "nSTe78qoai0-00366-00192655-00192998": "figure out what's going on you have to get this shit together like wanting to", "nSTe78qoai0-00367-00192998-00193642": "be like overly cocky but also very timid and insecure at the same time just I", "nSTe78qoai0-00368-00193642-00194198": "thought it was a great performance I felt like it was in terms of like a", "nSTe78qoai0-00369-00194198-00194854": "standalone spider-man movie it doesn't showcase like the superhero spider-man", "nSTe78qoai0-00370-00194854-00195367": "as we've come to expect from movies like Jason was saying you do get a different", "nSTe78qoai0-00371-00195367-00195794": "version almost and it gives it a different feel right but it fits in with", "nSTe78qoai0-00372-00195794-00196433": "the cinematic universe and it was just well done like it does have that stet", "nSTe78qoai0-00373-00196433-00197060": "theme of youth and immaturity that I mean it plays well of the character I", "nSTe78qoai0-00374-00197060-00197516": "really enjoyed it which makes sense given like what I've always felt that", "nSTe78qoai0-00375-00197516-00197912": "and this is I think Stanley even said it's like Marvel though the Marvel comic", "nSTe78qoai0-00376-00197912-00198299": "books have always all had their own themes and Spiderman was essentially", "nSTe78qoai0-00377-00198299-00198817": "puberty like it was a it was about the coming of age coming up coming of age", "nSTe78qoai0-00378-00198817-00199376": "but a superhero coming up as you know with great power comes great like bone", "nSTe78qoai0-00379-00199376-00200116": "spurs yeah alright bone spurs is that a superhero it feels like it should be", "nSTe78qoai0-00380-00200116-00200690": "bone spurs I don't think in a bone saw yeah don't all is ready listen if you're", "nSTe78qoai0-00381-00200690-00201079": "jumping on my damage if you're jumping off a building make all the time I don't", "nSTe78qoai0-00382-00201079-00201395": "care how super-strength you are eventually you're going to get like a", "nSTe78qoai0-00383-00201395-00201686": "hairline fracture in your foot and you're going to get Bo", "nSTe78qoai0-00384-00201686-00202366": "Spurs gonna start limping around after a while yeah it's just an inevitability", "nSTe78qoai0-00385-00202366-00202804": "he's right yeah I'm not I'm not faulting on that and yes review yep", "nSTe78qoai0-00386-00202804-00203177": "I'm glad we established that man so his good movies good Marvel movie good movie", "nSTe78qoai0-00387-00203177-00203774": "worth a watch would say better than Wonder Woman one was really good Wonder", "nSTe78qoai0-00388-00203774-00204629": "Woman was really good I think for me it comes down to universe preference and I", "nSTe78qoai0-00389-00204629-00205066": "have to go towards spider-man more just because I'm more emotionally invested in", "nSTe78qoai0-00390-00205066-00205508": "spider-man as a character but also in the Marvel Cinematic Universe you know", "nSTe78qoai0-00391-00205508-00205994": "that being said wonder one was hands-down one of the best fast DC movie", "nSTe78qoai0-00392-00205994-00206473": "well it was hands down the best DC movie to come out anytime recently but", "nSTe78qoai0-00393-00206473-00206828": "probably one of the better superhero movies that have come out in recent", "nSTe78qoai0-00394-00206828-00207544": "years I mean as if you look at as a standalone I think it's phenomenal", "nSTe78qoai0-00395-00207544-00207946": "huh when you start linking it in with the other movies it kind of decreases", "nSTe78qoai0-00396-00207946-00208331": "its merit a little bit as opposed to spider-man where I feel like it's", "nSTe78qoai0-00397-00208331-00208939": "connectivity makes it better yeah familiarity and nostalgia I would", "nSTe78qoai0-00398-00208939-00209657": "agree with you I did I was more in tune with the spider-man and spider-man's", "nSTe78qoai0-00399-00209657-00210380": "universe right but I would say as far as the actual like movie and direction and", "nSTe78qoai0-00400-00210380-00210773": "stuff like that I would say that Wonder Woman beat it out a little bit it was", "nSTe78qoai0-00401-00210773-00211250": "phenomenal movie so now I'm gonna move apparently uh I found out earlier today", "nSTe78qoai0-00402-00211250-00211601": "apparently the next Wonder Woman movie is also going to be a bit of a period", "nSTe78qoai0-00403-00211601-00212263": "piece it's been a place in the 80s who who don't do that", "nSTe78qoai0-00404-00212263-00213041": "not my fault I'm coated this way when is it coated in huh what are you coated in", "nSTe78qoai0-00405-00213041-00213491": "you don't want to know roach you don't want to know what I'm don't be glue it's", "nSTe78qoai0-00406-00213491-00213977": "not just ones and zeroes baby yeah but apparently Chris Pine is also slated to", "nSTe78qoai0-00407-00213977-00214619": "come back for interest in the next movie which given that 60 years in the future", "nSTe78qoai0-00408-00214619-00215077": "is from the previous movie making kind of damn old", "nSTe78qoai0-00409-00215077-00215465": "they can look really damn old yeah that's a lot easier to make a guy old", "nSTe78qoai0-00410-00215465-00215917": "and trying to make him young yeah I mean these days they've been doing a pretty", "nSTe78qoai0-00411-00215917-00216298": "good job of making people look young yeah they've been doing kind of a shit", "nSTe78qoai0-00412-00216298-00216700": "job making people young I mean but I'm paired to what they've been capable of", "nSTe78qoai0-00413-00216700-00217201": "before cuz for Lester because and here's first-hand example Justin and I before", "nSTe78qoai0-00414-00217201-00217711": "we came up here we watched The Truman Show great show Oh beautiful beautiful", "nSTe78qoai0-00415-00217711-00218272": "movie now they do a flashback scene in there we're like everybody's back in", "nSTe78qoai0-00416-00218272-00218629": "high school now they're there they're all like 30-something in the movie", "nSTe78qoai0-00417-00218629-00219202": "they're like married and give but there's no latex work there's no movie", "nSTe78qoai0-00418-00219202-00219571": "magic work like they do a flashback all of these people are the exact same", "nSTe78qoai0-00419-00219571-00220174": "actors just wearing like band uniforms and and like we're all entire click down", "nSTe78qoai0-00420-00220174-00220507": "and yeah it's early in our outfits and stuff but you come in like Jim Carrey", "nSTe78qoai0-00421-00220507-00220900": "the only change that he really makes is he just like puts a little wine in his", "nSTe78qoai0-00422-00220900-00221271": "voice he's like remember you're gonna be the one to copy off of me like that just", "nSTe78qoai0-00423-00221271-00221848": "as far as it goes like the d aging and hair down alone it goes Dumb and Dumber", "nSTe78qoai0-00424-00221848-00222274": "with it like every most things I've seen especially with TV shows at least", "nSTe78qoai0-00425-00222274-00222658": "whenever they show a flashback of people younger it's only like some hair slicked", "nSTe78qoai0-00426-00222658-00223054": "down like that that's immediately younger apparently forever every every", "nSTe78qoai0-00427-00223054-00223450": "male actor yep I mean or makes and impressed man the", "nSTe78qoai0-00428-00223450-00223798": "vitamin three female I do is put their hair up in a ponytail that makes me look", "nSTe78qoai0-00429-00223798-00224320": "younger yep apparently I mean it's not wrong it didn't work on Truman Show not", "nSTe78qoai0-00430-00224320-00224765": "exactly exactly what what blows my mind is you know you", "nSTe78qoai0-00431-00224765-00225140": "you think about why they do that why they always like have the hair down and", "nSTe78qoai0-00432-00225140-00225790": "it's it's that that shag that for some reason all teenage kids seem to go for", "nSTe78qoai0-00433-00225790-00226132": "that's always just like the longer Messier hair I remember being in high", "nSTe78qoai0-00434-00226132-00226565": "school seeing all these like shagged hair and I'm like this is eventually", "nSTe78qoai0-00435-00226565-00226969": "going to go out of style and here it is ten years later and all the high school", "nSTe78qoai0-00436-00226969-00227422": "kids are still wearing that same ridiculous hair it's just that", "nSTe78qoai0-00437-00227422-00227824": "rebellious nasai guess yeah I did it before I actually grew my hair out I", "nSTe78qoai0-00438-00227824-00228358": "definitely went to the shaggy road I mean did did you have a flip no I didn't", "nSTe78qoai0-00439-00228358-00228594": "do that then", "nSTe78qoai0-00440-00228735-00229373": "sure yeah I think you check it out no no because the whole point of high school", "nSTe78qoai0-00441-00229373-00230173": "is like like fitting in while maintaining an air of being different", "nSTe78qoai0-00442-00230173-00230856": "yeah like rebelling assisting in my high school the one a lot of shaggy hair kids", "nSTe78qoai0-00443-00230856-00231358": "it was like me and one other dude so I don't know maybe because we were", "nSTe78qoai0-00444-00231358-00231805": "from small-town Georgia small town down south Georgia so I pretty much just", "nSTe78qoai0-00445-00231805-00232292": "refused to fit in and the only the only thing that ever like you also don't fit", "nSTe78qoai0-00446-00232292-00232691": "in because you're freakishly tall that yes yeah I mean I fit in in like", "nSTe78qoai0-00447-00232691-00233371": "basketball communities but I was a huge nerd in school and so not was good good", "nSTe78qoai0-00448-00233371-00234098": "I mean I'm too short for like the NBA yeah and not good enough for the NBA but", "nSTe78qoai0-00449-00234098-00234673": "I could play like bosnian basketball some kind of european league do you be a", "nSTe78qoai0-00450-00234673-00235439": "baby and an old person hmm oh yeah no oh yeah i could be like two babies and two", "nSTe78qoai0-00451-00235439-00236167": "other people at once at once i can now use them to beat each other yeah", "nSTe78qoai0-00452-00236167-00236758": "but yeah so i never really fit in but I never really understood how to fit in", "nSTe78qoai0-00453-00236758-00237378": "and so I just I was I think about it I would think about it like on I'm not", "nSTe78qoai0-00454-00237378-00237958": "cool and you know I don't really have a lot of friends but you know what screw", "nSTe78qoai0-00455-00237958-00238598": "it I got books and imagination and I was actually really good at sports because", "nSTe78qoai0-00456-00238598-00239083": "apparently being smart helps you at sports I hoped you figure out how to do", "nSTe78qoai0-00457-00239083-00239423": "this forwards I guess yeah which is a lot of sport that's a big part of sports", "nSTe78qoai0-00458-00239423-00240084": "the fundamental part of sports like you'd be amazed at how much like mind", "nSTe78qoai0-00459-00240084-00240590": "game you can like play and things like basketball and you know when you get to", "nSTe78qoai0-00460-00240590-00240949": "be face-to-face with somebody and you can whisper things to them yeah like", "nSTe78qoai0-00461-00240949-00241303": "without the RAF even hearing what you're saying you're just trying psychological", "nSTe78qoai0-00462-00241303-00241756": "warfare yeah I got I gotta say you can't do this at home yet until we get to put", "nSTe78qoai0-00463-00241756-00242248": "but that's a pretty good spider-man that's a shit awful basketball yuge", "nSTe78qoai0-00464-00242248-00243021": "yeah we try and fix it no I don't care oh no it's too late now you know all", "nSTe78qoai0-00465-00243021-00243519": "kinds of things like hey every time you go for a layup you're your dick falls", "nSTe78qoai0-00466-00243519-00244015": "out of your shorts man you should you should probably you know do something", "nSTe78qoai0-00467-00244015-00244360": "and then they're gonna think about it like every time they go out like oh man", "nSTe78qoai0-00468-00244360-00244792": "like Jake really falling out of my shorts right now and then I give me a", "nSTe78qoai0-00469-00244792-00245269": "chance yeah unless you're like ya know like I", "nSTe78qoai0-00470-00245269-00245773": "do a purpose there you to come try and guard this basket they're gonna get dick", "nSTe78qoai0-00471-00245773-00246567": "all over you that's all right Oh hazel reason in that's a foul is it reason in", "nSTe78qoai0-00472-00246567-00246919": "us no remember that night when I go begin where they'll be waving the old", "nSTe78qoai0-00473-00246919-00247344": "person yeah well that's right well the who else do we say you're going up", "nSTe78qoai0-00474-00247344-00248044": "against baby bag hairs on that know that shaven way yeah we were actually", "nSTe78qoai0-00475-00248044-00248512": "discussing the logistics of the bacon eating contest earlier really yeah like", "nSTe78qoai0-00476-00248512-00248911": "how we're going to make this work how would it how would it not work it's", "nSTe78qoai0-00477-00248911-00249232": "a lot of bacon we have to cook I mean yeah we have to make sure that there's", "nSTe78qoai0-00478-00249232-00249778": "enough bacon that we won't have to cook bacon in the middle of the contest okay", "nSTe78qoai0-00479-00249778-00250267": "you know see yeah so I'm thinking like 15 pounds yeah and he's also saying we", "nSTe78qoai0-00480-00250267-00250708": "have to buy the bacon whoa we should have sponsors by that we", "nSTe78qoai0-00481-00250708-00251188": "should have sponsors it'd be great if we had some sponsors who would be willing", "nSTe78qoai0-00482-00251188-00251677": "to bias 15 to 20 pounds of bacon we may have some change here let's celery God", "nSTe78qoai0-00483-00251677-00252280": "dad Oh sounds F I won't take long no because somebody will be like know what", "nSTe78qoai0-00484-00252280-00252948": "I'm done if there's anybody take a bite congratulations yeah like really but I'm", "nSTe78qoai0-00485-00252948-00253291": "gonna need some ranch dressing involved what about peanut butter no I don't like", "nSTe78qoai0-00486-00253291-00253569": "you know what you don't like peanut butter", "nSTe78qoai0-00487-00253569-00254121": "I heard him just say that yeah you communist Portuguese I know it's weird I", "nSTe78qoai0-00488-00254121-00254642": "like peanuts butters fine I don't like peanut butter", "nSTe78qoai0-00489-00254642-00255031": "what did you eat on your peanut butter and jelly sandwiches just jelly and", "nSTe78qoai0-00490-00255031-00255478": "bread so jelly sandwich yeah", "nSTe78qoai0-00491-00255478-00256313": "no peanut butter it's our dude on American it's not an American it is very", "nSTe78qoai0-00492-00256313-00256933": "unpatriotic it that's not what it is either you know George Washington former", "nSTe78qoai0-00493-00256933-00257629": "Jefferson carver carver yep I don't know he started he said", "nSTe78qoai0-00494-00257629-00257973": "something about Foreman or something yeah George Washington Foreman Carver", "nSTe78qoai0-00495-00257973-00258556": "Jeff okay yeah he made that grill right yeah a peanut grill amazing real out of", "nSTe78qoai0-00496-00258556-00259336": "peanuts yeah where's like like your teeth oh no grill so yeah peanut butter", "nSTe78qoai0-00497-00259336-00260197": "yeah American I don't like it it's ah it's shut about other nut butters how do", "nSTe78qoai0-00498-00260197-00260546": "you feel about going to Trader Joe's I've never been to Trader Joe's actually", "nSTe78qoai0-00499-00260546-00260894": "no I don't I couldn't even tell you everyone didn't want to see a myriad a", "nSTe78qoai0-00500-00260894-00261481": "nut butter yeah go to Trader Joe's Joe's they got our behinds of things nut", "nSTe78qoai0-00501-00261481-00262016": "butters mayonnaise rare cheese's they have like dried fruits you've never", "nSTe78qoai0-00502-00262016-00262552": "heard of you ready giant fruit I haven't I've", "nSTe78qoai0-00503-00262552-00263175": "heard that it's a proven cap added Andhra starburst - so dragon", "nSTe78qoai0-00504-00263175-00263734": "Snapple used to make this series of drinks called Snapple elements and they", "nSTe78qoai0-00505-00263734-00264247": "were really good and there's one called it was called fire and it was dragon", "nSTe78qoai0-00506-00264247-00264727": "fruit flavored and it was delicious I love as much as I possibly could so be", "nSTe78qoai0-00507-00264727-00265102": "also had a series similar and they had a really good one - yeah the dragon fruit", "nSTe78qoai0-00508-00265102-00266077": "right thanks for waiting it outside so a few weeks ago the", "nSTe78qoai0-00509-00266077-00266465": "roommates picked up a dragon fruit and if you've never seen one it looks pretty", "nSTe78qoai0-00510-00266465-00266945": "cool like it's this writ like light reddish almost pinkish color it's kind", "nSTe78qoai0-00511-00266945-00267256": "of like spiky bits coming out of it that aren't sharp or anything they just look", "nSTe78qoai0-00512-00267256-00267658": "like spiky bits okay it looks like a puffer fish right sort of yeah and so", "nSTe78qoai0-00513-00267658-00268027": "we're like we're going to eat this thing to be fuckin delicious and so we cut it", "nSTe78qoai0-00514-00268027-00268460": "up the inside is white with these black sea", "nSTe78qoai0-00515-00268460-00268907": "in it and looks completely different for what you would think it would and it has", "nSTe78qoai0-00516-00268907-00269522": "virtually no taste whatsoever so no idea where that dragon fruit flavor comes", "nSTe78qoai0-00517-00269522-00269927": "from with all the rights of color just like all the rest of the flag yeah", "nSTe78qoai0-00518-00269927-00270584": "there's so damn good yeah it's just some random color chemical signature yeah so", "nSTe78qoai0-00519-00270584-00271042": "we looked it up and it was like yeah eat this with other things so there's flavor", "nSTe78qoai0-00520-00271042-00271618": "now is it like a pomegranate do you eat the seed or do you eat the flesh it's", "nSTe78qoai0-00521-00271618-00272120": "like the seedy bitten because it's really almost like a strawberry seed", "nSTe78qoai0-00522-00272120-00272761": "small okay inside the white fleshy bit in the middle and then there's the red", "nSTe78qoai0-00523-00272761-00273443": "rind I guess it is that I suppose you don't eat okay yeah it looks looks a", "nSTe78qoai0-00524-00273443-00273875": "little like this that looks exactly like that a whole bunch like that yeah and", "nSTe78qoai0-00525-00273875-00274376": "I'm sure that's just far enough away that the audience ever making that right", "nSTe78qoai0-00526-00274376-00274724": "totally yeah so you have this white bit here that's what you eat and it tastes", "nSTe78qoai0-00527-00274724-00275084": "like nothing any of this red bit around here that you don't eat so I don't know", "nSTe78qoai0-00528-00275084-00275357": "it tastes like maybe the dalish important looks like it's filled with", "nSTe78qoai0-00529-00275357-00275804": "delicious cookies and cream it does it looks like there's cookies and cream ice", "nSTe78qoai0-00530-00275804-00276224": "cream it does look like that but like someone took out the insides of a red DT", "nSTe78qoai0-00531-00276224-00276716": "and stuffed it with cookies and cream what the hell's our DG I think it's a", "nSTe78qoai0-00532-00276716-00277100": "tiny radish something doesn't really know I don't know more they know I just", "nSTe78qoai0-00533-00277100-00277514": "make stuff up you know this deechi but a lot of the times it's accurate because", "nSTe78qoai0-00534-00277514-00278150": "my brain stores things that I'm unaware of yeah okay California versus Green", "nSTe78qoai0-00535-00278150-00278648": "Pines okay green face okay you type that in", "nSTe78qoai0-00536-00278648-00278966": "you'll get close enough right you'll figure it out of Google take it", "nSTe78qoai0-00537-00278966-00279257": "basically you can you can rummage through so much trash did you leave the", "nSTe78qoai0-00538-00279257-00279581": "actual thing that's what Google will say yeah", "nSTe78qoai0-00539-00279581-00280004": "did you mean what you were actually looking for that's really uh that's", "nSTe78qoai0-00540-00280004-00280436": "really thank you that's the highlight right is when you remember enough to get", "nSTe78qoai0-00541-00280436-00280814": "Google to get you the rest I'll give it because there's a lot of", "nSTe78qoai0-00542-00280814-00281129": "times will you be like what was that thing and you just randomly they're", "nSTe78qoai0-00543-00281129-00281699": "typing in things that you are like kind of right tie to that other thing and", "nSTe78qoai0-00544-00281699-00282005": "goes like you mean this and you're like yeah", "nSTe78qoai0-00545-00282005-00282332": "that's exactly what I meant it's how it is like song lyrics when", "nSTe78qoai0-00546-00282332-00282728": "he's like I know there's this song I don't know what's called I know the", "nSTe78qoai0-00547-00282728-00283529": "words I am thee what's that song Google I am pay back every fucking song I don't", "nSTe78qoai0-00548-00283529-00284144": "what what are you my gosh shit let me come up with this really quick what are", "nSTe78qoai0-00549-00284144-00284507": "you coming up with right now are you drawing pomegranates I'm drying up you", "nSTe78qoai0-00550-00284507-00285209": "hanging fruits that's great yeah that didn't work it's just me look ah anyway", "nSTe78qoai0-00551-00285209-00285826": "I love you guys that brings us to roughly the end of the show Wow yeah", "nSTe78qoai0-00552-00285826-00286334": "every every week I tell you see Andy's like watch I can't believe it no way now", "nSTe78qoai0-00553-00286334-00286766": "last week we had Tony yeah and Toto he's not here this um he's", "nSTe78qoai0-00554-00286766-00287150": "not no it's not he's in Florida yeah oh well that would", "nSTe78qoai0-00555-00287150-00287474": "explain it yeah he should be back next week though", "nSTe78qoai0-00556-00287474-00287840": "okay awesome if it came back he said he actually sent me text he said I will", "nSTe78qoai0-00557-00287840-00288239": "definitely be there next week okay that means we have like at least a 30% chance", "nSTe78qoai0-00558-00288239-00288734": "right we had Tony I got to ask I had a human being that I could be like", "nSTe78qoai0-00559-00288734-00289159": "Tony how much time we got left he was like 15 minutes and I was like shit", "nSTe78qoai0-00560-00289159-00289730": "that's a lot of time that's so much more than I've bled for I got nothing to talk", "nSTe78qoai0-00561-00289730-00290279": "about you guys but things like this time we push through that yeah somehow I", "nSTe78qoai0-00562-00290279-00290762": "think I think was the dragon fruit that really got us to the next level is over", "nSTe78qoai0-00563-00290762-00291053": "that bar over there yeah so what'd you learn on the show today", "nSTe78qoai0-00564-00291053-00291608": "ah that dragon fruit is filled with cookies and cream yeah that's right just", "nSTe78qoai0-00565-00291608-00292163": "I learned that I would definitely prefer a bacon eating contest over a celery", "nSTe78qoai0-00566-00292163-00292570": "eating contest no what if I promised you some ranch dressing with that celery", "nSTe78qoai0-00567-00292570-00293156": "that's that's a lot of dairy and something tells me in the summertime", "nSTe78qoai0-00568-00293156-00293573": "like you're not going to guarantee that ranch is going to be cold you know so", "nSTe78qoai0-00569-00293573-00294206": "eventually this could be like warm we could do that part inside eventually", "nSTe78qoai0-00570-00294206-00294623": "it's Beijing do you think I'm gonna get like that film like that film that ranch", "nSTe78qoai0-00571-00294623-00295043": "gets on it when he's doing now what do you think you have a better shot at you", "nSTe78qoai0-00572-00295043-00295344": "think you'll the bacon eating contest but not when", "nSTe78qoai0-00573-00295344-00295974": "the seller eating contest yes I say when I mean not only would I eat more but I", "nSTe78qoai0-00574-00295974-00296436": "would feel more like a winner when it was all said and done I cannot imagine", "nSTe78qoai0-00575-00296436-00297369": "that being true no there's no amount of enormous amount of bacon do a coarse", "nSTe78qoai0-00576-00297369-00298317": "amount no absolutely not of enormous amount yes but you just purge I do I", "nSTe78qoai0-00577-00298317-00298845": "mean it is a waste of bacon it's an arable waste of bacon ah but whatever it", "nSTe78qoai0-00578-00298845-00299277": "was it's our next week but whatever you don't eatin the celery is going to get", "nSTe78qoai0-00579-00299277-00299751": "through your bacon whatever you don't eatin the bacon is going to be saved", "nSTe78qoai0-00580-00299751-00300648": "what about bacon wrap celery yep yeah is the bacon crispy did you learn today I", "nSTe78qoai0-00581-00300648-00301368": "learned that things are loaded better when Tony is here yeah but it's just cuz", "nSTe78qoai0-00582-00301368-00301671": "of that handsome face right I'm not trying to downplay you Tony and", "nSTe78qoai0-00583-00301671-00302271": "apparently she's an Italian I thought like Icelandic have you spoken to him", "nSTe78qoai0-00584-00302271-00302895": "he's clearly attack yeah I was making a joke because his name is Tony uh-huh and", "nSTe78qoai0-00585-00302895-00303549": "I believe everybody named Tony Miss Italia is Italian yeah alright that's", "nSTe78qoai0-00586-00303549-00303941": "probably true but then there's another topic for on next week's talkie box", "nSTe78qoai0-00587-00303941-00304644": "racism do you know someone around you who's racist do you do your best to call", "nSTe78qoai0-00588-00304644-00305124": "them out whenever you get a chance rate it if not watch next week's episode and", "nSTe78qoai0-00589-00305124-00305685": "we'll show you how that's it for tonight I guess uh check us out on YouTube and", "nSTe78qoai0-00590-00305685-00306024": "yep other places oh yeah if you guys haven't voted on the second episode of", "nSTe78qoai0-00591-00306024-00306273": "the chupacabra here right what are you waiting for", "nSTe78qoai0-00592-00306273-00306663": "talkie box.net check it out over there I think it's actually talking about Nets", "nSTe78qoai0-00593-00306663-00307136": "last chupacabra - kid yeah or you can just go to talky box net and go to the", "nSTe78qoai0-00594-00307136-00307617": "menu uh-huh and select Chupacabra kid or Google Chupacabra kid and it's probably", "nSTe78qoai0-00595-00307617-00307821": "the only time you'll find those words together yep", "nSTe78qoai0-00596-00307821-00308199": "I mean if you have a hard time spelling Chupacabra just go to the website talkie", "nSTe78qoai0-00597-00308199-00308790": "box net house both type in as close as at one and Google be like did you mean", "nSTe78qoai0-00598-00308790-00309428": "Chupacabra it will because Google is a pretentious son of a bitch that's right", "nSTe78qoai0-00599-00309428-00309770": "subscribe like comment tell us what you think about the show tell us what else", "nSTe78qoai0-00600-00309770-00310384": "we should talk about and have a great night good night everybody", "nSTe78qoai0-00601-00310684-00311780": "just bang bang bang the drum oh man I've exposed funny story and then I just", "nSTe78qoai0-00602-00311780-00312959": "black out yep also we are we have nine men well we've already said good night", "nSTe78qoai0-00603-00312959-00313520": "we did so unless all right so Dave is terrible about telling time and we've", "nSTe78qoai0-00604-00313520-00313965": "ruined everything by showing you that I actually wear pants I'm sorry I'm sorry", "nSTe78qoai0-00605-00313965-00314592": "folks we cut that out we can keep doing the show I don't I mean we could if you", "nSTe78qoai0-00606-00314592-00315197": "want to of course I didn't want to argue but I'm like we're still in like 50", "nSTe78qoai0-00607-00315197-00316244": "something minutes how we done an hour yet yeah big to split that up a little", "nSTe78qoai0-00608-00316244-00317219": "bit all right well I have to draw a clock really quick so it turns out we", "nSTe78qoai0-00609-00317219-00317565": "still have like everybody take your positions I don't know what I'm doing", "nSTe78qoai0-00610-00317565-00318366": "things like this and so it turns out we serve several minutes left Nobu and I'm", "nSTe78qoai0-00611-00318366-00318588": "bad at telling time it would've been great if Tony was here", "nSTe78qoai0-00612-00318588-00318983": "there were little bin fantast you know what would have been really great is if", "nSTe78qoai0-00613-00318983-00319511": "when I said oh my god I can't believe it it could have been like you're right", "nSTe78qoai0-00614-00319511-00320667": "you're right nine minutes yeah oh man that was down so oh yeah so you", "nSTe78qoai0-00615-00320667-00321086": "mentioned purging setting to go and I made me think of the movie the purge all", "nSTe78qoai0-00616-00321086-00321509": "right not the same thing I mean he technically mentioned what I always in", "nSTe78qoai0-00617-00321509-00321912": "Persia set up and so have you seen the perch movie the first one", "nSTe78qoai0-00618-00321912-00322529": "no really no self-respecting no I saw it you know I know it's about poor people", "nSTe78qoai0-00619-00322529-00323025": "getting rid of each other one day a year pretty much yeah and then they made a", "nSTe78qoai0-00620-00323025-00323523": "second one which was essentially the same the first one is is actually the", "nSTe78qoai0-00621-00323523-00323826": "poor people were attacked or actually we still it's actually rich people going", "nSTe78qoai0-00622-00323826-00324306": "after other rich people the second one was about this guy trying to get revenge", "nSTe78qoai0-00623-00324306-00324669": "on something and daring person the third one had something to do with like some", "nSTe78qoai0-00624-00324669-00325371": "politician or something what I want to see is a movie of the first purge like", "nSTe78qoai0-00625-00325371-00325806": "where some politician came with this idea like we're gonna have this one", "nSTe78qoai0-00626-00325806-00326502": "night where everything is legal and I want to see what how that goes because", "nSTe78qoai0-00627-00326502-00326958": "we see like in the first movie it's like several years into them doing this I", "nSTe78qoai0-00628-00326958-00327414": "want to know like how did people react to the very first time I'll do it yeah", "nSTe78qoai0-00629-00327414-00327876": "you do whatever you want what started the hunger games yeah yes and like like", "nSTe78qoai0-00630-00327876-00328368": "what is the build-up to this crazy moment right where they they decided", "nSTe78qoai0-00631-00328368-00328779": "that this is the solution this now this is where again how did that go over the", "nSTe78qoai0-00632-00328779-00329082": "very first time where people like I don't know if I want to do that I guess", "nSTe78qoai0-00633-00329082-00329763": "I can but should I also why is everyone focused on murder when everything is", "nSTe78qoai0-00634-00329763-00330321": "legal I would be stealing homes like I would steal houses and cars and shit and", "nSTe78qoai0-00635-00330321-00330750": "boats and whatever else I want well I don't know if you could really steal a", "nSTe78qoai0-00636-00330750-00331224": "home you absolutely can because the next day you're still in that house but the", "nSTe78qoai0-00637-00331224-00331611": "next quarter's rights boom I think that takes time if the deed", "nSTe78qoai0-00638-00331611-00331887": "is in the house that's my deed now I've stolen it it's", "nSTe78qoai0-00639-00331887-00332433": "mine this is my house it's got like it off my lawn documented signatures and", "nSTe78qoai0-00640-00332433-00333258": "stuff that go along with that be forgery is legal yeah okay I am yeah hey it's", "nSTe78qoai0-00641-00333258-00333882": "long am to all of the illegal things you need to do you know like torture the", "nSTe78qoai0-00642-00333882-00334296": "actual homeowner like it all the documents properly signed over to your", "nSTe78qoai0-00643-00334296-00334725": "name no as long as you do it within that 24 hour period it's not - it's actually", "nSTe78qoai0-00644-00334725-00335148": "I think it's only like 12 hours or something Oh it'll be tough you're going", "nSTe78qoai0-00645-00335148-00335730": "to add some lawyers on call no you don't or jury yeah this will all", "nSTe78qoai0-00646-00335730-00336182": "your signature right here you can't tell me yeah I did one yeah I won I poured", "nSTe78qoai0-00647-00336182-00336608": "that last night during the purge it's legal I think somehow it has to actually", "nSTe78qoai0-00648-00336608-00337157": "like get into the can bullshit government and be like filed even if you", "nSTe78qoai0-00649-00337157-00337784": "do it illegally it still has to like get in there yeah maybe I would probably not", "nSTe78qoai0-00650-00337784-00338250": "go with real estate it just seems very complicated you okay ank you", "nSTe78qoai0-00651-00338250-00338932": "you uh forge up a will okay and then just kill the homeowners now it's yours", "nSTe78qoai0-00652-00338932-00339465": "seit yeah you're still murdering but that's okay I mean you can support a", "nSTe78qoai0-00653-00339465-00339911": "whole neighborhood of will yeah and just go through now this is this makes you a", "nSTe78qoai0-00654-00339911-00340382": "very awful person absolutely yeah terrible awful human absolutely and I", "nSTe78qoai0-00655-00340382-00340875": "think it would be cooler if you just Robin Hood it a bunch of banks and shit", "nSTe78qoai0-00656-00340875-00341364": "like oh but you know like insured money that the government just backs or", "nSTe78qoai0-00657-00341364-00341898": "whatever and like there's no real victim that get to be super cool pirate guy for", "nSTe78qoai0-00658-00341898-00342150": "a day and you know that's probably really difficult though like getting", "nSTe78qoai0-00659-00342150-00342528": "into a bank's vault and all that stuff phenomenon first night yeah yeah they've", "nSTe78qoai0-00660-00342528-00342969": "probably got they lock that stuff up pretty tight duffel I mean I would but", "nSTe78qoai0-00661-00342969-00343356": "that's why you start off like your planet way early yeah you plant it way", "nSTe78qoai0-00662-00343356-00343896": "early so that you like first bust into like a an old armored Depot kind of", "nSTe78qoai0-00663-00343896-00344451": "thing you steal a bunch of you know decommissioned explosives then you go to", "nSTe78qoai0-00664-00344451-00344943": "the bank right yeah yeah I'll have it worked out by then if I get if I get", "nSTe78qoai0-00665-00344943-00345560": "twelve hours to work out a master plan guaranteed once a year I will have a", "nSTe78qoai0-00666-00345560-00346050": "mouth plan yeah there's just got to be careful because the conspiracy before", "nSTe78qoai0-00667-00346050-00346746": "the purge would be illegal yeah I'd be looking for loopholes if I were the law", "nSTe78qoai0-00668-00346746-00347139": "that's true yeah if I were I mean you have to think about how hard it would be", "nSTe78qoai0-00669-00347139-00347759": "to manage that day from it like a law enforcement standpoint as long as there", "nSTe78qoai0-00670-00347759-00348348": "was no you didn't leave any evidence of your of your preconceived planning of", "nSTe78qoai0-00671-00348348-00348824": "this then I feel like you know they've they can't prove it", "nSTe78qoai0-00672-00348824-00349433": "right true yeah I don't think I'd kill people however I would expect other", "nSTe78qoai0-00673-00349433-00350000": "people to just be sociopathically out there trying to kill me so like while", "nSTe78qoai0-00674-00350000-00350483": "I'm out there robbing the shit out of stuff anybody that comes at me with an", "nSTe78qoai0-00675-00350483-00350936": "attitude in the shotgun is gonna get one yeah you have to be prepared to take a", "nSTe78qoai0-00676-00350936-00351332": "life even if it's not a plan you have to be prepared to do it yet yeah because", "nSTe78qoai0-00677-00351332-00351896": "someone is likely to try and take yours mm-hmm especially if you have anything", "nSTe78qoai0-00678-00351896-00352316": "of value yeah like a high like a brand new house and a brand new bank vault", "nSTe78qoai0-00679-00352316-00352917": "yeah I mean I'm surprised legitimate Lee you would just assume like people would", "nSTe78qoai0-00680-00352917-00353411": "just start setting fires to like political buildings and stuff like that", "nSTe78qoai0-00681-00353411-00353936": "like you know like Irene a while since I've seen any of the movies I haven't", "nSTe78qoai0-00682-00353936-00354218": "seen the third purge movie but I remember in the first two they do", "nSTe78qoai0-00683-00354218-00354683": "mention there's a couple of rules in place and that certain members of the", "nSTe78qoai0-00684-00354683-00355266": "government are off-limits okay like I say you could just completely tear down", "nSTe78qoai0-00685-00355266-00355835": "a government in 12 hours if everybody in the world is on board you are they like", "nSTe78qoai0-00686-00355835-00356252": "Secret Service members does it not count for them are they in a lot of just like", "nSTe78qoai0-00687-00356252-00356742": "you know what I think we should be careful just in case somebody's", "nSTe78qoai0-00688-00356742-00357342": "listening I'm talking about what we would do if the purge were real mm-hmm", "nSTe78qoai0-00689-00357342-00358116": "Dave seoane is not real yeah yeah but that your paranoia is going away it's", "nSTe78qoai0-00690-00358116-00358508": "still there it's not going anywhere you're right I can't get rid of it", "nSTe78qoai0-00691-00358508-00358898": "they're watching I hope so I hope they subscribe Yeah right", "nSTe78qoai0-00692-00358898-00359243": "if you're going to watch you my little brother big brother if you're watching", "nSTe78qoai0-00693-00359243-00359870": "please click subscribe alright so that brings us to the end of the show again", "nSTe78qoai0-00694-00359870-00360329": "though the should we do another what yeah right should we do another what I", "nSTe78qoai0-00695-00360329-00361270": "learned today um I learned that the Dave's ability to perform math on", "nSTe78qoai0-00696-00361270-00361767": "segments of time yeah has slowly deteriorated since the time that I met", "nSTe78qoai0-00697-00361767-00362423": "you yeah I'm getting older I learned the dragon floor is filled", "nSTe78qoai0-00698-00362423-00362978": "with cookies and cream oh yeah you learn that again I did all over again and I", "nSTe78qoai0-00699-00362978-00363736": "learned that we definitely need Tony donor and Joey and Mickey and all those", "nSTe78qoai0-00700-00363736-00364241": "Desson yeah and wonderful people yeah or Oh one day we'll have a show with", "nSTe78qoai0-00701-00364241-00364544": "everyone here and we want them to microphones ought to be great", "nSTe78qoai0-00702-00364544-00365083": "the musical microphone that's this this this big old gnarly bastard here it", "nSTe78qoai0-00703-00365083-00365734": "picks up everybody it does yeah I think it's not Amarillo going on anyway", "nSTe78qoai0-00704-00365734-00366136": "have a great night everybody we'll see you next week and do all the things that", "nSTe78qoai0-00705-00366136-00366508": "I told you do or the first yeah we told you to do all that stuff just go ahead", "nSTe78qoai0-00706-00366508-00367445": "and do it good night written on the wall yeah", "nSTe78qoai0-00707-00368544-00368750": "you"}}, {"audio_id": "nTRyUEUzTlo", "text": {"nTRyUEUzTlo-00000-00000281-00000597": "this is the army today", "nTRyUEUzTlo-00001-00000597-00000985": "if you're looking for three are working with animals everyday the army is", "nTRyUEUzTlo-00002-00000985-00001349": "probably not your first choice but that's exactly what captain kurt reader", "nTRyUEUzTlo-00003-00001349-00001814": "walk living did cheese army doctors who cares for soldiers pets", "nTRyUEUzTlo-00004-00001814-00002019": "started that way mirror explain", "nTRyUEUzTlo-00005-00002019-00002461": "army captain kurt reader walk away is not an ordinary doctor that's the best", "nTRyUEUzTlo-00006-00002461-00002651": "job in the army get fat", "nTRyUEUzTlo-00007-00002651-00003148": "and ng whatever job he attend play with puppies and kittens not many in fact", "nTRyUEUzTlo-00008-00003148-00003534": "there are only about two hundred board-certified specialists and the", "nTRyUEUzTlo-00009-00003534-00003950": "whole field of army veterinarians captain walk away quirks thoroughly for", "nTRyUEUzTlo-00010-00003950-00004445": "the care of her area for pets i think a lot of my job is very", "nTRyUEUzTlo-00011-00004445-00004658": "meticulous that's a lot of", "nTRyUEUzTlo-00012-00004658-00004838": "finding every", "nTRyUEUzTlo-00013-00004838-00005120": "made things that you have so you have to know", "nTRyUEUzTlo-00014-00005120-00005411": "really well too", "nTRyUEUzTlo-00015-00005411-00005559": "knowing exactly", "nTRyUEUzTlo-00016-00005559-00005833": "however dog's heart should sound", "nTRyUEUzTlo-00017-00005833-00006089": "clues you and how", "nTRyUEUzTlo-00018-00006089-00006442": "something is going wrong when it sounds a little bit different that seems", "nTRyUEUzTlo-00019-00006442-00006839": "difficult but here's something easier for her talking about her favorite", "nTRyUEUzTlo-00020-00006839-00007139": "animal i guess they had to pick a favorite animal fat", "nTRyUEUzTlo-00021-00007139-00007445": "that i get to work with it happened in a statement dogs", "nTRyUEUzTlo-00022-00007445-00007809": "says that's her arab lives on the line their handlers sash", "nTRyUEUzTlo-00023-00007809-00008181": "and those stocks have been amazing montana so great to work with them", "nTRyUEUzTlo-00024-00008181-00008567": "veterinary medicine has always interested her whenever we had to bring", "nTRyUEUzTlo-00025-00008567-00008958": "in the student that poor health concerns are just regular checkups i was always", "nTRyUEUzTlo-00026-00008958-00009142": "eager to go and", "nTRyUEUzTlo-00027-00009142-00009389": "uh... we had really great that's that", "nTRyUEUzTlo-00028-00009389-00009643": "uh... answered all my questions and", "nTRyUEUzTlo-00029-00009643-00009873": "where very supportive", "nTRyUEUzTlo-00030-00009873-00010076": "lead going into the fields and", "nTRyUEUzTlo-00031-00010076-00010251": "israeli observing", "nTRyUEUzTlo-00032-00010251-00010565": "and seeing how well they took care of our animals and", "nTRyUEUzTlo-00033-00010565-00010882": "how compassion and professionalism are of wind", "nTRyUEUzTlo-00034-00010882-00011307": "working in the end of life of some of our pets in it", "nTRyUEUzTlo-00035-00011307-00011757": "many love the field army sergeant matt wehmeyer camp walker korea", "nTRyUEUzTlo-00036-00011757-00011860": "said that the other two days"}}, {"audio_id": "nTR-cY8B5Rk", "text": {"nTR-cY8B5Rk-00000-00000000-00000294": "Share and Subsacribe Bab e ilm", "nTR-cY8B5Rk-00001-00000294-00000588": "Share and Subsacribe Bab e ilm", "nTR-cY8B5Rk-00002-00000588-00000862": "Share and Subsacribe Bab e ilm", "nTR-cY8B5Rk-00004-00001185-00001498": "Share and Subsacribe Bab e ilm", "nTR-cY8B5Rk-00008-00002384-00002584": "Share and Subsacribe Bab e ilm", "nTR-cY8B5Rk-00009-00002584-00002634": "Share and Subsacribe Bab e ilm", "nTR-cY8B5Rk-00010-00002634-00002684": "Share and Subsacribe Bab e ilm", "nTR-cY8B5Rk-00011-00002690-00002890": "Share and Subsacribe Bab e ilm", "nTR-cY8B5Rk-00012-00002890-00002940": "Share and Subsacribe Bab e ilm", "nTR-cY8B5Rk-00013-00002947-00003147": "Share and Subsacribe Bab e ilm", "nTR-cY8B5Rk-00014-00003147-00003197": "Share and Subsacribe Bab e ilm", "nTR-cY8B5Rk-00016-00003285-00003335": "Share and Subsacribe Bab e ilmShare and Subsacribe Bab e ilm", "nTR-cY8B5Rk-00017-00003335-00003385": "Share and Subsacribe Bab e ilm", "nTR-cY8B5Rk-00018-00003385-00003435": "Share and Subsacribe Bab e ilm", "nTR-cY8B5Rk-00019-00003435-00003485": "Share and Subsacribe Bab e ilm", "nTR-cY8B5Rk-00020-00003487-00003687": "Share and Subsacribe Bab e ilm", "nTR-cY8B5Rk-00021-00003687-00003737": "Share and Subsacribe Bab e ilm", "nTR-cY8B5Rk-00022-00003737-00003787": "Share and Subsacribe Bab e ilm", "nTR-cY8B5Rk-00023-00003805-00004005": "Share and Subsacribe Bab e ilm", "nTR-cY8B5Rk-00024-00004005-00004055": "Share and Subsacribe Bab e ilm", "nTR-cY8B5Rk-00025-00004055-00004105": "Share and Subsacribe Bab e ilm", "nTR-cY8B5Rk-00026-00004121-00004321": "Share and Subsacribe Bab e ilm", "nTR-cY8B5Rk-00027-00004321-00004371": "Share and Subsacribe Bab e ilm", "nTR-cY8B5Rk-00029-00004427-00004627": "Share and Subsacribe Bab e ilm", "nTR-cY8B5Rk-00030-00004627-00004677": "Share and Subsacribe Bab e ilm", "nTR-cY8B5Rk-00031-00004677-00004877": "Share and Subsacribe Bab e ilm", "nTR-cY8B5Rk-00032-00004877-00004927": "Share and Subsacribe Bab e ilm", "nTR-cY8B5Rk-00033-00004931-00005131": "Share and Subsacribe Bab e ilm", "nTR-cY8B5Rk-00034-00005131-00005181": "Share and Subsacribe Bab e ilm", "nTR-cY8B5Rk-00035-00005181-00005231": "Share and Subsacribe Bab e ilm", "nTR-cY8B5Rk-00036-00005244-00005294": "Share and Subsacribe Bab e ilm", "nTR-cY8B5Rk-00037-00005294-00005344": "Share and Subsacribe Bab e ilm", "nTR-cY8B5Rk-00038-00005344-00005394": "Share and Subsacribe Bab e ilm", "nTR-cY8B5Rk-00039-00005394-00005444": "Share and Subsacribe Bab e ilm", "nTR-cY8B5Rk-00040-00005489-00005689": "Share and Subsacribe Bab e ilm", "nTR-cY8B5Rk-00041-00005689-00005739": "Share and Subsacribe Bab e ilm", "nTR-cY8B5Rk-00042-00005772-00005972": "Share and Subsacribe Bab e ilm", "nTR-cY8B5Rk-00043-00005972-00006022": "Share and Subsacribe Bab e ilm", "nTR-cY8B5Rk-00044-00006060-00006260": "Share and Subsacribe Bab e ilm", "nTR-cY8B5Rk-00045-00006260-00006310": "Share and Subsacribe Bab e ilm", "nTR-cY8B5Rk-00046-00006310-00006360": "Share and Subsacribe Bab e ilm", "nTR-cY8B5Rk-00047-00006426-00006626": "Share and Subsacribe Bab e ilm", "nTR-cY8B5Rk-00048-00006626-00006676": "Share and Subsacribe Bab e ilm", "nTR-cY8B5Rk-00049-00006676-00006726": "Share and Subsacribe Bab e ilm", "nTR-cY8B5Rk-00050-00006731-00006931": "Share and Subsacribe Bab e ilm", "nTR-cY8B5Rk-00051-00006931-00006981": "Share and Subsacribe Bab e ilm", "nTR-cY8B5Rk-00052-00007024-00007224": "Share and Subsacribe Bab e ilm", "nTR-cY8B5Rk-00053-00007224-00007274": "Share and Subsacribe Bab e ilm", "nTR-cY8B5Rk-00054-00007274-00007324": "Share and Subsacribe Bab e ilm", "nTR-cY8B5Rk-00055-00007345-00007545": "Share and Subsacribe Bab e ilm", "nTR-cY8B5Rk-00056-00007545-00007656": "Share and Subsacribe Bab e ilm", "nTR-cY8B5Rk-00061-00008697-00009001": "Share and Subsacribe Bab e ilm", "nTR-cY8B5Rk-00069-00010976-00011278": "Share and Subsacribe Bab e ilm", "nTR-cY8B5Rk-00076-00013071-00013382": "Share and Subsacribe Bab e ilm", "nTR-cY8B5Rk-00082-00014928-00015232": "Share and Subsacribe Bab e ilm", "nTR-cY8B5Rk-00090-00017316-00017587": "Share and Subsacribe Bab e ilm", "nTR-cY8B5Rk-00096-00019063-00019372": "Share and Subsacribe Bab e ilm", "nTR-cY8B5Rk-00102-00020822-00021108": "Share and Subsacribe Bab e ilm", "nTR-cY8B5Rk-00110-00023062-00023364": "Share and Subsacribe Bab e ilm", "nTR-cY8B5Rk-00113-00024006-00024272": "Share and Subsacribe Bab e ilm", "nTR-cY8B5Rk-00115-00024607-00024908": "Share and Subsacribe Bab e ilm", "nTR-cY8B5Rk-00118-00025558-00025785": "Share and Subsacribe Bab e ilm"}}, {"audio_id": "nU3fCVgsNyo", "text": {}}, {"audio_id": "nU_ic09pbnY", "text": {"nU_ic09pbnY-00000-00000076-00000409": "(upbeat pop-rock music)", "nU_ic09pbnY-00001-00000510-00000629": "Hi, my name is Belinda.", "nU_ic09pbnY-00002-00000629-00001009": "I teach Prep, and I love it (laughing).", "nU_ic09pbnY-00003-00001009-00001187": "Doomadgee as a community is amazing.", "nU_ic09pbnY-00004-00001187-00001460": "It's small, it's close, it's friendly.", "nU_ic09pbnY-00005-00001460-00001632": "Everyone knows who you are,", "nU_ic09pbnY-00006-00001632-00001754": "so you feel like a bit of a rockstar", "nU_ic09pbnY-00007-00001754-00001994": "when you walk down the street.", "nU_ic09pbnY-00008-00001994-00002143": "They want to know about you,", "nU_ic09pbnY-00009-00002143-00002290": "they want to be a part of your life,", "nU_ic09pbnY-00010-00002290-00002465": "and they want to be a part of your story.", "nU_ic09pbnY-00011-00002465-00002697": "I actually started in hospitality,", "nU_ic09pbnY-00012-00002697-00003094": "moved to retail, and then I moved into an office job.", "nU_ic09pbnY-00013-00003094-00003289": "I found it boring, not challenging,", "nU_ic09pbnY-00014-00003289-00003565": "and decided that I love working with children,", "nU_ic09pbnY-00015-00003565-00003926": "just from personal experiences with family, friends.", "nU_ic09pbnY-00016-00003926-00004309": "So I moved into teaching and I haven't looked back since.", "nU_ic09pbnY-00017-00004309-00004393": "It's remote.", "nU_ic09pbnY-00018-00004393-00004476": "I'm not gonna lie.", "nU_ic09pbnY-00019-00004476-00004752": "We have one shop, we have a bakery,", "nU_ic09pbnY-00020-00004752-00004916": "Woolworth's deliver to us,", "nU_ic09pbnY-00021-00004916-00005245": "but I guess the biggest thing is missing family and friends.", "nU_ic09pbnY-00022-00005245-00005371": "I think that's probably the hardest part,", "nU_ic09pbnY-00023-00005371-00005731": "but with the internet capabilities that we have in town,", "nU_ic09pbnY-00024-00005731-00006036": "and social media, it's so easy to keep in touch", "nU_ic09pbnY-00025-00006036-00006194": "with those at home.", "nU_ic09pbnY-00026-00006293-00006556": "You can spend time with a lot of the teachers.", "nU_ic09pbnY-00027-00006556-00006806": "There's always something fun to do.", "nU_ic09pbnY-00028-00006806-00006962": "My husband, since moving to Doomadgee", "nU_ic09pbnY-00029-00006962-00007184": "has become a hunter fisherman.", "nU_ic09pbnY-00030-00007184-00007316": "There's so many opportunities around here", "nU_ic09pbnY-00031-00007316-00007501": "to visit so many amazing places.", "nU_ic09pbnY-00032-00007501-00007784": "There are natural wonders, like where we are right now.", "nU_ic09pbnY-00033-00007784-00008022": "(upbeat pop-rock music)", "nU_ic09pbnY-00034-00008022-00008109": "I say do it.", "nU_ic09pbnY-00035-00008109-00008283": "Experience new things.", "nU_ic09pbnY-00036-00008283-00008455": "You make great friends for life,", "nU_ic09pbnY-00037-00008455-00008707": "and I am walking away from Doomadgee with", "nU_ic09pbnY-00038-00008707-00008885": "people that I know will be with me forever.", "nU_ic09pbnY-00039-00008885-00009219": "(upbeat pop-rock music)"}}, {"audio_id": "nULaXK1unu0", "text": {"nULaXK1unu0-00000-00000567-00001072": "Transgender star Rebekah Shelton has died aged 32.", "nULaXK1unu0-00001-00001189-00001929": "Rebekah starred on Big Brother with the name Rodrigo Lopes in 2009, before her gender surgery.", "nULaXK1unu0-00002-00002046-00002794": "An official statement posted from her  account during the early hours of Friday morning confirmed the heartbreaking news.", "nULaXK1unu0-00003-00002911-00003735": "It read: 'We're sorry to inform everyone of the sad news that our wonderful and lovely Rebekah died unexpectedly on Wednesday night.'", "nULaXK1unu0-00004-00003852-00004300": "'We ask that you respect the family's privacy at this time.'", "nULaXK1unu0-00005-00004417-00005556": "Check out all the latest hot topics on OK! magazine's news section and discover exclusive celebrity news about your favourite soap actors and reality stars."}}, {"audio_id": "nUcZuy0N7Co", "text": {"nUcZuy0N7Co-00000-00000003-00000527": "all right hey good afternoon everybody welcome to rich desk cash flow club's my", "nUcZuy0N7Co-00001-00000527-00001001": "name is Roger Moore and I'm John Romau and we're here through Sales Training", "nUcZuy0N7Co-00002-00001001-00001517": "Academy because the ability to sell is the number one skill in business now", "nUcZuy0N7Co-00003-00001517-00002201": "we're here with Western industrial solutions our husband-wife team Narendra", "nUcZuy0N7Co-00004-00002201-00003579": "vinum business that's why we have this book has sales dog this is actually", "nUcZuy0N7Co-00005-00003579-00003947": "their book to take home today we did some serious sharing with them today and", "nUcZuy0N7Co-00006-00003947-00004430": "we got a look at their business is a fantastic operation so we had to do a", "nUcZuy0N7Co-00007-00004430-00004946": "facebook life in their office and let the world know about Western industrial", "nUcZuy0N7Co-00008-00004946-00005661": "solutions and the awesome thing is they are exceptional what they do and they've", "nUcZuy0N7Co-00009-00005661-00006044": "been around for over a decade so they've lasted through ups and downs", "nUcZuy0N7Co-00010-00006044-00006504": "and they really are they're doing quite well", "nUcZuy0N7Co-00011-00006504-00006915": "we're very happy to be able to help them and to work with them they're they're", "nUcZuy0N7Co-00012-00006915-00007272": "fun to work with so neuringer up you you know the main", "nUcZuy0N7Co-00013-00007272-00007547": "form of the business or both of your side together", "nUcZuy0N7Co-00014-00007547-00008127": "yeah when we started we've started boot together years ago about Kennedy's and", "nUcZuy0N7Co-00015-00008127-00008853": "it all started back with an idea and we conceptualized what we want and then we", "nUcZuy0N7Co-00016-00008853-00009422": "put our heads together and planted the seed and blossom into what we have to be", "nUcZuy0N7Co-00017-00009422-00010013": "fantastic and so where did the states start and", "nUcZuy0N7Co-00018-00010013-00011060": "where they are you at now it started in a one-room apartment Lodge almost do we", "nUcZuy0N7Co-00019-00011060-00011873": "have five six weeks though plus the warehouse stop of a team Wow I think we", "nUcZuy0N7Co-00020-00011873-00012350": "do pretty good but I see that there's a lot of room for improvement and given", "nUcZuy0N7Co-00021-00012350-00012841": "the economy we are using different techniques and and different you know", "nUcZuy0N7Co-00022-00012841-00013413": "skills to brace the impact of the economy and compare competing globally", "nUcZuy0N7Co-00023-00013413-00013869": "looking at changing how we do business", "nUcZuy0N7Co-00024-00013954-00014636": "to help us get yeah and we've been trained being a counterpart all week", "nUcZuy0N7Co-00025-00014636-00015163": "long and I mean vena has been being as a natural she's really really good in", "nUcZuy0N7Co-00026-00015163-00015800": "sales she might be sure the camera that's try", "nUcZuy0N7Co-00027-00015800-00016345": "weirder but she's not but she's not she's a fantastic Sears woman and she is", "nUcZuy0N7Co-00028-00016345-00016793": "the drive of this business and I mean from the minute I heard her talk I was", "nUcZuy0N7Co-00029-00016793-00017569": "like that is a serious woman yeah and and a breed of dog which what is it", "nUcZuy0N7Co-00030-00017962-00018584": "she's a bit bored she wears those numbers very persistent does not give up", "nUcZuy0N7Co-00031-00018584-00018935": "never gives up it continually works towards where she's going yeah we love", "nUcZuy0N7Co-00032-00018935-00019256": "our girl pit bulls the boys tend to be very successful in sales", "nUcZuy0N7Co-00033-00019256-00019775": "even with OCS unit because they have that persistence that drives them", "nUcZuy0N7Co-00034-00019775-00020216": "towards success it's a it's really amazing an amazing thing to see and we", "nUcZuy0N7Co-00035-00020216-00020639": "training on and refining her skills under finding her I'll call it apart I'm", "nUcZuy0N7Co-00036-00020639-00021284": "Reese kills as well and I mean they're gonna build a fantastic CST yes right so", "nUcZuy0N7Co-00037-00021284-00021935": "so we're gonna be here this all last day yeah yeah yeah the last day so there are", "nUcZuy0N7Co-00038-00021935-00022465": "safety safety and industrial safety solutions company", "nUcZuy0N7Co-00039-00022472-00023072": "decade ago right and what we do we facilitate everyone within any industry", "nUcZuy0N7Co-00040-00023072-00023471": "and with everything that you require for safety from the training to the", "nUcZuy0N7Co-00041-00023471-00024065": "consultancy to drug testing safety supplies fire alarm systems all of it", "nUcZuy0N7Co-00042-00024065-00024587": "unknown one room and the good thing about it is that you don't have any but", "nUcZuy0N7Co-00043-00024587-00025055": "delivery on time on-time delivery which is very important", "nUcZuy0N7Co-00044-00025055-00025622": "a lot of companies feel on that promise promise of delivery on-time delivery and", "nUcZuy0N7Co-00045-00025622-00026173": "you guys actually you know one of your secret sources is you guys innovative", "nUcZuy0N7Co-00046-00026173-00026723": "with your coveralls yes we are yeah and so we talk a bit more about that they", "nUcZuy0N7Co-00047-00026723-00027068": "actually manufactured it one coveralls and they're their coveralls are about", "nUcZuy0N7Co-00048-00027068-00027439": "higher quality than some of the international brands so they put in", "nUcZuy0N7Co-00049-00027439-00027854": "Trinity they go on the map which is really cool right so when we realize", "nUcZuy0N7Co-00050-00027854-00028252": "that we said oh my god we have to feature these guys on Facebook yes we", "nUcZuy0N7Co-00051-00028252-00028720": "have to let the world know about them and and one of the the benefits of this", "nUcZuy0N7Co-00052-00028720-00029202": "short term delivery is so many companies they have to wait two or three weeks and", "nUcZuy0N7Co-00053-00029202-00029879": "their manufacturing can often come to a total halt costing them more money and", "nUcZuy0N7Co-00054-00029879-00030125": "then you can fathom well you if you're out watching this you may actually may", "nUcZuy0N7Co-00055-00030125-00030647": "know and it virtually eliminates that big problem that many people face so and", "nUcZuy0N7Co-00056-00030647-00031039": "that's the problem with importing internationally is it the supply chain", "nUcZuy0N7Co-00057-00031039-00031652": "can be really challenged by by those delays at the port or wherever alright", "nUcZuy0N7Co-00058-00031652-00032198": "so are we gonna have a walk through a quick walk through a quick view of their", "nUcZuy0N7Co-00059-00032198-00033668": "manufacturing operation we don't show too many secrets right alright so I get", "nUcZuy0N7Co-00060-00033668-00033898": "over", "nUcZuy0N7Co-00061-00033910-00034439": "now you keeping both going so we're gonna take a walk be you filming me", "nUcZuy0N7Co-00062-00034439-00035744": "filming you filming me filming you some other Achievement Awards some of these", "nUcZuy0N7Co-00063-00035744-00036200": "people we're not gonna show cuz they're trying to avoid being seen and we're", "nUcZuy0N7Co-00064-00036200-00036617": "we're in the beautiful town of Marbella where I used to hang out a lot back in", "nUcZuy0N7Co-00065-00036617-00037811": "the days when I was in high school a lot of my friends why not now is nice then", "nUcZuy0N7Co-00066-00037811-00038956": "so what so so this is where they do their magic after everybody know I love", "nUcZuy0N7Co-00067-00039379-00040124": "John we are going to care see after this is their manufacturing operation so we", "nUcZuy0N7Co-00068-00040124-00040394": "don't want to say it too long we don't want your copying what they're doing", "nUcZuy0N7Co-00069-00040394-00042200": "here so we're moving by all so we've been training in each in your room doing", "nUcZuy0N7Co-00070-00042200-00042757": "sales training all week long and you know we went through the elevator pitch", "nUcZuy0N7Co-00071-00042757-00043343": "call scripts : techniques even learn how to do the interview how to make people", "nUcZuy0N7Co-00072-00043343-00043664": "like them very quickly what's a bill wrap all these are very important things", "nUcZuy0N7Co-00073-00043664-00044090": "in sales because no matter how good a practice the most important skill in", "nUcZuy0N7Co-00074-00044090-00044621": "business is your ability to sell number one skill by far and this guy's actually", "nUcZuy0N7Co-00075-00044621-00045257": "won an award for what do you wonder what for money fuck to have 2 year", "nUcZuy0N7Co-00076-00045257-00045788": "manufacturer of the yes ok can we get both of you", "nUcZuy0N7Co-00077-00045788-00046144": "yes we sure the world", "nUcZuy0N7Co-00078-00046298-00046800": "25th also is recent okay all right so that one manufacturer of the year and", "nUcZuy0N7Co-00079-00046800-00047445": "2015 teetee nice so what is this signify basically what this States is that we", "nUcZuy0N7Co-00080-00047445-00048042": "have been to the standards of Trent Vega Bureau of Standards of product as to the", "nUcZuy0N7Co-00081-00048042-00048576": "best quality that is here in trend at local and international so it actually", "nUcZuy0N7Co-00082-00048576-00049041": "shows us that we're here and you know even though in trend out here we can be", "nUcZuy0N7Co-00083-00049041-00049836": "any way in the world so what product one is same cover is spotted we have islands", "nUcZuy0N7Co-00084-00049836-00050516": "and when they looked at the criteria for the winners will be many criteria", "nUcZuy0N7Co-00085-00050699-00051216": "Wow good for you wow so those who think that Toronto they go is not innovative", "nUcZuy0N7Co-00086-00051216-00051791": "think again we are very very we have very very innovative people Trinette", "nUcZuy0N7Co-00087-00051791-00052320": "Sebago is on you only under record-breaking and methanol exports and", "nUcZuy0N7Co-00088-00052320-00052691": "and ammonia and urea a lot of things that a lot of people don't know about", "nUcZuy0N7Co-00089-00052691-00053082": "this country we have innovators like these guys here that's why we want to", "nUcZuy0N7Co-00090-00053082-00053679": "feature them because we love innovation innovators so leave german thank you for", "nUcZuy0N7Co-00091-00053679-00054078": "joining us here cash flow clubs my name is Roger Moore and I'm John", "nUcZuy0N7Co-00092-00054078-00054615": "Roman we're we're here through the Syrian economy we're doing some serum", "nUcZuy0N7Co-00093-00054615-00055053": "with them the reason why we did did Syrian Academy is simply because the", "nUcZuy0N7Co-00094-00055053-00055587": "ability to sell is the number one skill in business by far so those are already", "nUcZuy0N7Co-00095-00055587-00056001": "in business the limit trial and error over a long period of time we want to", "nUcZuy0N7Co-00096-00056001-00056352": "shorten that learning period that learning cool right so they learn or the", "nUcZuy0N7Co-00097-00056352-00056733": "seller to close deals faster or to make people fall in love with them and the", "nUcZuy0N7Co-00098-00056733-00057138": "products and the business and because of that we can close way more deals on", "nUcZuy0N7Co-00099-00057138-00057648": "dominate their market so thank you very much for tuning in so Facebook but cash", "nUcZuy0N7Co-00100-00057648-00057967": "flow comes take everyone"}}, {"audio_id": "nVPCdhzCk7M", "text": {"nVPCdhzCk7M-00000-00002867-00003518": "The Manchester United vs Liverpool match ended 0-5 for the visitors to win.", "nVPCdhzCk7M-00001-00003518-00003629": "Disappointed ronaldo and ferguson Carry on....", "nVPCdhzCk7M-00002-00003629-00004280": "The Man United vs Liverpool duel is the closing match of the 9th week of the top caste of", "nVPCdhzCk7M-00003-00004280-00004921": "the English League, Premier League, which was held at Old Trafford Stadium The star", "nVPCdhzCk7M-00004-00004921-00005280": "of Liverpool's landslide victory this time was Mohamed Salah who managed to score a hat-trick", "nVPCdhzCk7M-00005-00005280-00005446": "aka three goals and also one assist.", "nVPCdhzCk7M-00006-00005446-00005967": "Mo Salah's three goals were created in the 38', 45+4', and 50' minutes.", "nVPCdhzCk7M-00007-00005967-00006554": "The other two Liverpool goals were recorded by Naby Keita (5') and Diogo Jota (14').", "nVPCdhzCk7M-00008-00006554-00007027": "Man United star, Cristiano Ronaldo, actually managed to score a goal in the 52nd minute.", "nVPCdhzCk7M-00009-00007027-00007723": "However, the goal was immediately disallowed after referee Anthony Taylor reviewed the", "nVPCdhzCk7M-00010-00007723-00008070": "video assistant referee (VAR) screen on the sidelines.", "nVPCdhzCk7M-00011-00008070-00008472": "Eight minutes later, bad luck came back to Man United after Paul Pogba got a red card.", "nVPCdhzCk7M-00012-00008472-00008721": "Paul Pogba was immediately sent off by the referee for making a hard two-footed tackle", "nVPCdhzCk7M-00013-00008721-00008836": "on Liverpool midfielder Naby Keita.", "nVPCdhzCk7M-00014-00008836-00009538": "Man United, who had to play 10 men since the 60th minute, finally had to accept the harsh", "nVPCdhzCk7M-00015-00009538-00010002": "reality, which was a crushing 0-5 defeat to their eternal rival in front of their own", "nVPCdhzCk7M-00016-00010002-00010102": "supporters.", "nVPCdhzCk7M-00017-00010102-00010822": "After seeing you at the liverpool The camera accidentally recorded alex ferguson's reaction", "nVPCdhzCk7M-00018-00010822-00011484": "The reaction on Ferguson's face looks displeased to see the Manchester United game compiled", "nVPCdhzCk7M-00019-00011484-00013063": "by Solkjaer Ronaldo also looked annoyed until he vented his anger on the Liverpool back", "nVPCdhzCk7M-00020-00013063-00013881": "to invite a commotion on the field Victory over Man United made Liverpool successful", "nVPCdhzCk7M-00021-00013881-00014256": "in maintaining their unbeaten record this season.", "nVPCdhzCk7M-00022-00014256-00014550": "The Reds, nicknamed Liverpool, are now ranked second in the Premier League standings with", "nVPCdhzCk7M-00023-00014550-00029130": "a collection of 21 points from nine matches."}}, {"audio_id": "nVQ-K8JZ0PY", "text": {"nVQ-K8JZ0PY-00000-00000198-00000674": "when I'm working out all I always think about is you're doing this for a reason", "nVQ-K8JZ0PY-00001-00000674-00001534": "you wanna be the best anything you have you gotta be thankful for the more thankful you are the more good things are going to happen to you", "nVQ-K8JZ0PY-00002-00001565-00002243": "I'm originally from Nigeria I remember when I was leaving my father asked me look at", "nVQ-K8JZ0PY-00003-00002244-00002824": "my face saying I want you to go out there and make us proud and since I left", "nVQ-K8JZ0PY-00004-00002858-00003632": "that country when I came to this country I always remember that when my dad", "nVQ-K8JZ0PY-00005-00003632-00004380": "always tell me to make him proud everything I do I always trying to do to", "nVQ-K8JZ0PY-00006-00004380-00004874": "the best of my ability because I want to make my father proud", "nVQ-K8JZ0PY-00007-00004874-00005618": "when I join the military I send the pictures to my dad he said son you need the U.S.Navy", "nVQ-K8JZ0PY-00008-00005718-00006318": "the biggest strongest Navy in the world being in the military you know give me that", "nVQ-K8JZ0PY-00009-00006318-00006845": "discipline you know I kind of use the same discipline on my job pulling the", "nVQ-K8JZ0PY-00010-00006845-00007436": "same when I'm in the gym you know in the Navy we follow protocol we follow", "nVQ-K8JZ0PY-00011-00007436-00007988": "procedures and I've used that to my you know in a gym", "nVQ-K8JZ0PY-00012-00008150-00008778": "look at me today the kid from Africa I came here with nothing", "nVQ-K8JZ0PY-00013-00008878-00009572": "and I saw the opportunity I said I need to grab it that's why every day I wake up when I", "nVQ-K8JZ0PY-00014-00009572-00010250": "put on his uniform it's not just making my father proud you know I want to leave", "nVQ-K8JZ0PY-00015-00010250-00010961": "the Navy I want people to remember oh we used to have a captain Yusuf he's one of the most", "nVQ-K8JZ0PY-00016-00010962-00011484": "dedicated officer/sailor you ever seen that's the  legacy I want to leave", "nVQ-K8JZ0PY-00017-00011494-00011788": "I'm proud to serve the United States Navy"}}, {"audio_id": "nVUvuTV2VqE", "text": {"nVUvuTV2VqE-00000-00000640-00001152": "Why do I want to dry the laundry on a sunny day? I", "nVUvuTV2VqE-00001-00001598-00002084": "So I came to the laundromat 7 minutes away from my house.", "nVUvuTV2VqE-00002-00002368-00002812": "With a big blanket that's hard to wash at home.", "nVUvuTV2VqE-00003-00003334-00003808": "It's a small store, but it has everything. !", "nVUvuTV2VqE-00004-00005518-00006108": "Cafés, dairy, laundries, baby goods, hair salons, take away restaurants,...", "nVUvuTV2VqE-00005-00007454-00008022": "The laundromat is right here!", "nVUvuTV2VqE-00006-00008758-00009438": "First, put the laundry in the washing machine and close the door.", "nVUvuTV2VqE-00007-00009484-00010220": "And add detergent to number 1 and fabric softener to number 4.", "nVUvuTV2VqE-00008-00010660-00011108": "Preferred. Pack the Start button without selecting an option.", "nVUvuTV2VqE-00009-00011224-00011860": "ot a big laundry room, four washing machines, seven dryers.", "nVUvuTV2VqE-00010-00013230-00013858": "The laundry is working very well.", "nVUvuTV2VqE-00011-00015947-00016612": "I guess summer is just beginning.", "nVUvuTV2VqE-00012-00021260-00022082": "It is hot and humid in a New Zealand laundry room where there is no air conditioner because it is environmentally friendly.", "nVUvuTV2VqE-00013-00023292-00023904": "The laundry will come out of the washing machine with a fresh smell while spinning like that, right?", "nVUvuTV2VqE-00014-00025336-00025989": "I was expecting a nice ring bell, but it's using a click to get the washing machine finished. Haha", "nVUvuTV2VqE-00015-00026244-00026789": "With pleasure, I give up my seat to my four pillows...", "nVUvuTV2VqE-00016-00027227-00027702": "I wanted to hang them out pretty, but...", "nVUvuTV2VqE-00017-00027952-00028470": "Today, let's just get them all over the place and try to dry out the laundry!", "nVUvuTV2VqE-00018-00029118-00029604": "Please take care of the laundry, sunshine!", "nVUvuTV2VqE-00019-00030232-00030783": "Please take care of the laundry, wind!", "nVUvuTV2VqE-00020-00031327-00031966": "The smell of sunshine, my dried laundry, ... Thank you, uh..."}}, {"audio_id": "nW0vkEAUxXI", "text": {"nW0vkEAUxXI-00000-00000310-00000784": "I'm Andre Van Es, I work at the SKA Office and I'm the Project Manager of SKA-low.", "nW0vkEAUxXI-00001-00000784-00001146": "I'm from the Netherlands.  I grew up in the south of the Netherlands", "nW0vkEAUxXI-00002-00001146-00001491": "near the Belgian border in a place called Dongen. That's where I went to school", "nW0vkEAUxXI-00003-00001491-00001939": "and at the Technical University in Delft I studied aerospace engineering.", "nW0vkEAUxXI-00004-00002174-00002434": "I actually changed jobs because of the SKA.", "nW0vkEAUxXI-00005-00002434-00002968": "I was working in the defense industry on aperture arrays and then I saw this advert", "nW0vkEAUxXI-00006-00002968-00003338": "- and that's already nineteen years ago -", "nW0vkEAUxXI-00007-00003338-00003882": "about developing a radio astronomy telescope based on phased array technology", "nW0vkEAUxXI-00008-00003882-00004078": "and then I thought: that's what I want to do.", "nW0vkEAUxXI-00009-00004078-00004390": "That's when I switched jobs   and started working on the SKA.", "nW0vkEAUxXI-00010-00004390-00004656": "And that's also how I got involved in radio astronomy.", "nW0vkEAUxXI-00011-00004656-00005046": "The technology excites me a lot.  Aperture arrays have always fascinated me", "nW0vkEAUxXI-00012-00005046-00005476": "not having any moving parts but looking with digital beams at the sky", "nW0vkEAUxXI-00013-00005476-00005858": "but also working in an international team is really very stimulating.", "nW0vkEAUxXI-00014-00005858-00006420": "I enjoy that really everyday working with about 18 different nationalities at the office", "nW0vkEAUxXI-00015-00006420-00006854": "and here we are working with people from Australia, people from Italy, from all over the world.", "nW0vkEAUxXI-00016-00006854-00007214": "That's what really excites me: making something on a global scale.", "nW0vkEAUxXI-00017-00007214-00007459": "One thing I really hope is that the SKA", "nW0vkEAUxXI-00018-00007459-00007780": "will find the first signs of intelligent life out in the universe.", "nW0vkEAUxXI-00019-00007780-00007970": "That would really make my day."}}, {"audio_id": "nWngXjcYzeU", "text": {"nWngXjcYzeU-00000-00000003-00000293": "The first thing we're going to talk about in discrete math is something", "nWngXjcYzeU-00001-00000293-00000581": "called a set. It actually turns out that every mathematical object you've ever", "nWngXjcYzeU-00002-00000581-00000996": "encountered before is probably a set. So, a set is a collection of objects which", "nWngXjcYzeU-00003-00000996-00001437": "are called its elements. You can see here the notation for the statement \"little x is a", "nWngXjcYzeU-00004-00001437-00001948": "member of the set X.\" Generally, we use lowercase letters to refer to elements", "nWngXjcYzeU-00005-00001948-00002439": "and we use uppercase letters to refer to sets, though that's not necessarily set in", "nWngXjcYzeU-00006-00002439-00003551": "stone. So what the sentence says is - this says \"little x is an element of the set X.\"", "nWngXjcYzeU-00007-00003673-00004029": "Some important sets that we're going to want to get used to are the set of", "nWngXjcYzeU-00008-00004029-00004548": "natural numbers, which is denoted with this boldface capital N. And the natural", "nWngXjcYzeU-00009-00004548-00005094": "numbers are the set of non-negative counting numbers starting with 0. So: 0, 1,", "nWngXjcYzeU-00010-00005094-00005709": "2, 3, etc. Once a pattern has been established we can use ellipses to refer", "nWngXjcYzeU-00011-00005709-00006134": "to it. So these are the natural numbers.", "nWngXjcYzeU-00012-00006289-00006768": "We also have the integers which are the positive and negative counting numbers.", "nWngXjcYzeU-00013-00006768-00007161": "So that's going to be some ellipses here on the left side to denote the negative", "nWngXjcYzeU-00014-00007161-00007890": "continuation, then we'll have -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, dot dot dot, to refer to", "nWngXjcYzeU-00015-00007890-00008643": "the positive continuation so these are the integers. And so notice when I have", "nWngXjcYzeU-00016-00008643-00008972": "an infinite set or a large finite set with some kind of pattern that I want to", "nWngXjcYzeU-00017-00008972-00009360": "show is continuing, I can use ellipses but unfortunately I don't always have", "nWngXjcYzeU-00018-00009360-00009818": "that kind of pattern. So remember that a prime number is a number that has", "nWngXjcYzeU-00019-00009818-00010446": "exactly two factors: one and itself. The first few prime numbers are 2, 3, 5, 7, 11,", "nWngXjcYzeU-00020-00010446-00010803": "and 13. This doesn't exhibit quite a nice", "nWngXjcYzeU-00021-00010803-00011300": "pattern. They're not all odd, for example. Two is in here and it's even. They're not", "nWngXjcYzeU-00022-00011300-00011661": "all just 2 apart; for example, we go from 7 to 11,", "nWngXjcYzeU-00023-00011661-00012371": "skipping 9, because 9 is equal to 3 times 3. So the way that sets were rendered up", "nWngXjcYzeU-00024-00012371-00012866": "here is called roster notation because the elements of the set are listed out", "nWngXjcYzeU-00025-00012866-00013331": "in a roster. When roster notation isn't going to be convenient", "nWngXjcYzeU-00026-00013332-00013748": "we use something called set builder notation. The set of prime numbers can be", "nWngXjcYzeU-00027-00013748-00015200": "written as the set of all p such that p is a prime number. So this is called set", "nWngXjcYzeU-00028-00015201-00016056": "builder notation and - again - the way that you read this is this is \"the set of\" -", "nWngXjcYzeU-00029-00016056-00016595": "that's what this opening curly brace refers to - \"all\" - whatever these elements", "nWngXjcYzeU-00030-00016595-00017429": "are called, so in this case p. This line is typically read as \"such that,\" and then", "nWngXjcYzeU-00031-00017429-00018048": "some description that the elements of the set satisfy so in this case \"p is a", "nWngXjcYzeU-00032-00018048-00018313": "prime number.\"", "nWngXjcYzeU-00033-00018529-00019004": "So, that's how you read set builder notation. Here's another example. Let's", "nWngXjcYzeU-00034-00019004-00019745": "take the set V of vowels in our alphabet. We'll exclude Y so we have a, e, i, o, and u.", "nWngXjcYzeU-00035-00019745-00020184": "That's in roster notation, and I can write the same set down in set builder", "nWngXjcYzeU-00036-00020184-00020984": "notation. V is the set of all * (star) such that * is a vowel. Notice, I used *", "nWngXjcYzeU-00037-00020984-00021344": "to refer to the elements of the set instead of a letter because it's kind of", "nWngXjcYzeU-00038-00021344-00021678": "confusing to have letters be the elements and also letters be the name of", "nWngXjcYzeU-00039-00021680-00022294": "the elements. So, two sets are going to be considered equal if they contain the", "nWngXjcYzeU-00040-00022316-00023334": "same elements. So for example the set {a,b} is equal to the set {b,a}. And the", "nWngXjcYzeU-00041-00023334-00023754": "cardinality of a finite set, denoted with things that look like absolute value", "nWngXjcYzeU-00042-00023754-00024134": "signs (even though they're not this time), is the number of elements it contains. So", "nWngXjcYzeU-00043-00024134-00025509": "if X is the set {a,b,c} then the cardinality of X is 3, because we have (counting) 1, 2, 3 elements", "nWngXjcYzeU-00044-00025509-00025753": "of the set X."}}, {"audio_id": "nWoHmA9HXGy", "text": {"nWoHmA9HXGy-00000-00000006-00000546": "Today's video blog is about finding the right idea for a business for you to start today", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00001-00000556-00000717": "Are you having some trouble knowing?", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00002-00000717-00000876": "What next steps to take to?", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00003-00000876-00001523": "Develop and create an idea that it's going to encompass your skills your experience and something that you truly want to do", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00004-00001549-00001748": "Stay tuned we're going to help you do just that", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00005-00002778-00003080": "Escape the 905 and create your path to freedom", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00006-00003207-00003992": "Hi, I'm Lydia Lee the freedom instigator at screw the cubicle and a primary piece of my work is helping people and guiding", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00007-00003993-00004422": "Them to really develop a business not only that's profitable", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00008-00004422-00004622": "but something that they're gonna love doing because", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00009-00004648-00004895": "Honestly the way that you're going to be profitable is", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00010-00004903-00005333": "if you care about the work that you do and you're gonna put in the time the focus and the", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00011-00005353-00006048": "Commitment to grow that business, so this is the approach I take and to be honest. What is good work if it's not something", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00012-00006048-00006653": "That's gonna bring you also some personal fulfillment and pleasure so this video blog that's gonna be brought", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00013-00006733-00007178": "This topic anyway was really brought to my attention as we started", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00014-00007225-00007712": "The Academy of cubicle crashers about a couple weeks ago with a brand new intake of students", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00015-00007713-00008067": "And this is the first piece of the puzzle that we were tackling together", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00016-00008080-00008576": "What business should they be starting? How do they know if they're starting the right business and?", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00017-00008664-00009251": "Really looking at creating that business in a unique way that really is truly coming coming from their", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00018-00009264-00009554": "life experience their professional skills and", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00019-00009597-00010385": "Really a deep interest to expand that work into better work in the future right sustainability to be really built into this business", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00020-00010420-00010892": "So a lot of the students at the academy we you know when we actually worked it out together", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00021-00010950-00011139": "in the first couple weeks of", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00022-00011139-00011801": "Developing business ideas together. I really saw some really common issues that were experienced. I think across the board from anyone", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00023-00011802-00012155": "That's ever come to me in the last five years of me being", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00024-00012202-00012434": "The escape Sherpa at screw the cubicle", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00025-00012453-00012983": "And I think that very likely if you're here today you to have this really important question for yourself", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00026-00012984-00013569": "What business should I start how do I know it's the right business? I should be starting and how am I going to stop being?", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00027-00013654-00014241": "Distracted by what everyone else is doing out there and really get focused on what I'm designed to do today", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00028-00014241-00014804": "So there are three things that I'm going to explain in this video blog and that's gonna help you start think to think about your", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00029-00014805-00015191": "Skills differently thinking about using what you already have and actually", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00030-00015244-00015774": "Repurposing that to create something bigger for yourself broaden is starting from scratch and thinking that you have to", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00031-00015816-00016520": "Anyone else out there no more of that business pornography of looking out there and thinking about what business you should start", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00032-00016521-00017234": "But instead really getting personal and reflective about what you're meant to do today, and hopefully these three steps are gonna", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00033-00017234-00017639": "Help you get started all right step one or approach number one", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00034-00017662-00018179": "Is there a way that you can repurpose your experience to serve a different audience?", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00035-00018256-00018974": "Now if you're like me a lot of you might be somewhat traumatized from working in corporate working for a bad boss", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00036-00018974-00019301": "Maybe working for a type of company that you were gonna what you did", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00037-00019301-00019964": "But didn't enjoy working for those people or maybe there was a little bit of a discrepancy in value systems, or how you're approaching", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00038-00020040-00020282": "Your role at your old corporate job", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00039-00020391-00020813": "Now this is a bit mistake that a lot of people make they sort of say you know what I'll never do this thing that", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00040-00020813-00020950": "I used to do again", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00041-00020950-00021467": "Because it's been so tainted. It's been something that I really didn't enjoy and sometimes that could be true", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00042-00021468-00021698": "But a lot of times I feel that there is a misconception", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00043-00021741-00022334": "Sometimes because we have been tainted by an experience that we didn't like to have in our old corporate job", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00044-00022341-00023063": "But actually the skillset itself the problem that we know how to solve for people is actually something that at some point we were actually", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00045-00023063-00023717": "Truly interested to explore so this is sort of the first question. I like to ask people is what do you have right now?", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00046-00023718-00024093": "What can you solve right now? What do you know how to do that?", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00047-00024093-00024668": "You've been validated to do before you've been paid to do it in a job before you've received compliments or feedback from", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00048-00024723-00025361": "Friends or family that you've helped in the past all this is actually great clues to know to give you the idea that", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00049-00025390-00025691": "You are good at that thing. You might need to actually redesign", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00050-00025691-00026102": "How you offer that thing in order to bring more fun and pleasure and fulfillment into it?", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00051-00026102-00026636": "But don't disregard the skill sets you already have now at the academy. I know what we did", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00052-00026688-00027320": "ask me exploit these ideas a lot of people do have skill sets they came into a corporate job from for and", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00053-00027384-00027647": "Realize that once after they were doing it at that job", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00054-00027647-00027791": "They weren't enjoying it anymore", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00055-00027791-00028355": "And how do we bring back that passion and that deep interest for it and a good way to do?", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00056-00028356-00028800": "This is just simply helping a different audience helping a different industry helping a different market", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00057-00028831-00029267": "the skill sets can remain so but it can be repurposed it can be malleable and", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00058-00029374-00029639": "Focused onto a different direction to help different people or different", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00059-00029668-00030318": "Causes or different outcomes so for example one of our students Rebecca who used to work or who is working for the BBC?", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00060-00030382-00030737": "She is in charge of really the storyboarding", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00061-00030738-00031217": "You know the production of particular shows and she goes who I don't want to maybe work for documentaries again", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00062-00031218-00031523": "Or have my production company, or do that as a consultant?", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00063-00031524-00031814": "But what is a big theme for her job is storytelling?", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00064-00031851-00032276": "the ability to actually bring awesome stories and have people digest it in the", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00065-00032293-00033015": "Entertaining way and bring potentially a cause or a topic to the forefront for people to actually have their attention", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00066-00033028-00033432": "Right focused on that through a show for example at the BBC now", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00067-00033432-00033689": "How could she take that into a different direction now?", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00068-00033690-00034125": "She could look at interests for example that she has in her community, so she's attracted to", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00069-00034186-00034722": "Artists creative musicians or she feels that maybe artistic people are great at doing the art itself", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00070-00034800-00035126": "But they don't know how to tell that story. They don't know how to sell their music", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00071-00035127-00035649": "They don't know how to use storytelling as a way of building a tribe or a following for their work", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00072-00035649-00036231": "I know Rebecca has you know friends and has done for example festivals and shows for", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00073-00036295-00037031": "Artists in the past or creative people and that may potentially be a way that she may repurpose a storytelling abilities from the BBC", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00074-00037099-00037391": "Into a new realm a new audience", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00075-00037391-00038033": "And you cause that she can stand behind so a lot of people that can actually bring more life", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00076-00038053-00038555": "Into their skill sets is changing who they help so my challenge to you today is instead of", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00077-00038590-00038859": "disregarding a lot of skill sets that you have or", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00078-00038893-00039323": "Allowing the the tainting of your skill sets in the past to not dictate your future", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00079-00039400-00039537": "How can you change it up?", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00080-00039537-00040010": "How can you change the cause how can you use your skills to give a particular?", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00081-00040041-00040301": "Audience an outcome that you can believe in right", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00082-00040302-00040638": "That's something that you can stand behind a cause that you", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00083-00040684-00041276": "Really can say I want to lay my body down right to be able to help these sorts of people achieve something", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00084-00041277-00041544": "They couldn't have done without my skill sets", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00085-00041563-00042098": "That may be the first place to start how can you repurpose your skills with a new audience and a new cause?", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00086-00042115-00042525": "That can really help you bring a lot more life to the current skill sets that you have to", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00087-00042631-00043389": "The second step or approach is to start focusing on choosing the right piece of the puzzle to solve now", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00088-00043389-00043998": "What do I mean by this now as new entrepreneurs is very tempting to try to do everything they try to say I am", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00089-00044020-00044610": "Every thing for every one and that is also a very common mistakes that first-time business owners made", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00090-00044611-00044892": "I definitely did that when I started my first business?", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00091-00044959-00045348": "And so when you are trying to build a business", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00092-00045348-00045975": "it's really really really important to really focus on one section of the work that you're trying to do not to be a", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00093-00045997-00046386": "one-stop shop of a full case agency for everybody you can", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00094-00046417-00046761": "Absolutely play in the same industry as a lot of your colleagues that will be", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00095-00046816-00047223": "You know in the same area of expertise as you will be", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00096-00047263-00047649": "But where you're gonna shine the most is if you actually choose a stage", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00097-00047665-00048393": "Or a level or a part of the journey for your particular type of customer and master that journey that piece of the journey", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00098-00048397-00048990": "Right and be known for that part or that piece of the puzzle or that stage or level that they're at", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00099-00049036-00049479": "So that you can actually build a bigger business around that before you start leveraging", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00100-00049528-00049998": "Maybe a team you know or building a bigger business in the near future to solve more problems", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00101-00050011-00050526": "On their journey so choosing that first piece of the puzzle to solve is so much easier", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00102-00050545-00051168": "Than trying to spread yourself out too thin and doing everything a great example of this is another student in my Academy", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00103-00051208-00051768": "Call her name's Felicia, and she is sort of like a Jill of all trades right she's been able to", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00104-00051836-00052506": "be a marketing assistant to multiple types of businesses that do different things from video production to", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00105-00052543-00052902": "Marketing stuff to copywriting to this and that and that and she goes well", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00106-00052902-00053493": "I have to do everything to do with marketing with these people and that's untrue and that feels overwhelming so you might feel overwhelmed", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00107-00053516-00053716": "as well at this point when you are", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00108-00053729-00054267": "Dissecting what it is that you should do in your business so one of the big advice that myself and the group gave to Felicia", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00109-00054275-00054981": "Last week is to really focus on what she enjoys most which was ultimately the strategic vision for", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00110-00055022-00055672": "The direction of where she thinks a business story brands should be in how someone actually articulates their message?", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00111-00055717-00055959": "What sorts Marketing abilities or?", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00112-00056039-00056428": "Marketing strategies are actually more its most useful to the mission", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00113-00056428-00056856": "They want to have and really working with the visionary to develop that unique", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00114-00056921-00057318": "Visibility vision and yet marketing vision for them that is actually the work", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00115-00057319-00057519": "She enjoys the most it's actually the implementation", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00116-00057536-00058189": "Of those ideas that all the sudden Trump's her so that was a really big aha moment for Felisa that she doesn't have to do", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00117-00058189-00058662": "That piece she can still provide value for her customers in this strategic vision", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00118-00058717-00058996": "High-level thinking you know really painting the plan", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00119-00059024-00059132": "for this", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00120-00059132-00059258": "business owner in", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00121-00059258-00059784": "order to actually charge for that so that it's much of an easier job for this business owner to go out there and find the", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00122-00059785-00059985": "assets of people or", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00123-00059990-00060729": "develop their own implementation strategies to roll out that plan on their own especially if they're solopreneurs and don't have a team so where", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00124-00060761-00061179": "Felicia is most valuable at is the vision the strategy the", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00125-00061241-00061971": "Extracting what is that brand story from these people and putting it into an executable plan that they can run with and people absolutely", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00126-00062003-00062763": "Will pay for that and Felisa feels amazing doing just that peace and be able to think even about the future for business by outsourcing", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00127-00062830-00063145": "Potentially a done-for-you package for them it could be", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00128-00063221-00063978": "Recruiting team members or consultants or contractors that fit the bill of what needs to be executed for most of her business owners", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00129-00063979-00064341": "She works with but still focus on what she does best and hand over that plan", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00130-00064366-00064924": "To somebody else or built that team that's able to execute it for her under the umbrella of her agency", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00131-00064942-00065553": "So starting small starting with what you can do starting with the piece of the puzzle that you want to solve can absolutely", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00132-00065618-00066076": "Bring more attention to the audience that actually meets that piece the most and yes", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00133-00066076-00066585": "There'll be some convincing that you'll need to do for potential customers to say why this is the piece to start with?", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00134-00066586-00067083": "But here's what's gonna make your life easier if you start here, and here's what I specialize in", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00135-00067163-00067714": "So my challenge for you today is if you are somebody that is trying to do all the things trying to", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00136-00067778-00068184": "You know get provide too much of a service to somebody", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00137-00068204-00068881": "What is a piece of the puzzle that you can pick and knowing what puzzle piece to pick is going to be what you personally?", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00138-00068966-00069756": "Intrinsically feel best and most call to serve in this area and trust that feeling that that part way you have had", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00139-00069757-00069957": "the most enjoyment where you've", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00140-00070004-00070521": "Foreseen yourself actually providing the most value is the piece you should start with and actually", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00141-00070550-00071002": "Develop the messaging around that of how you can articulate the value of that piece first", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00142-00071033-00071694": "Before you try to put on more things into your offers and actually becoming nobody of value to anyone", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00143-00071702-00072003": "Hope that was helpful for you to pick your piece of the puzzle to solve", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00144-00072056-00072670": "All right the third step to be using to define a niche or drill down to your niche is to think about", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00145-00072727-00073110": "Tailoring a solution with your unique approach now", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00146-00073111-00073426": "How many people have you heard from or maybe it's you that's saying this", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00147-00073445-00073639": "You know when you come to a business idea you go", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00148-00073639-00073887": "I think that's the thing I want to do then you start being", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00149-00073933-00074343": "Distracted by looking out there who else is doing that thing and you find hundreds if not thousands of people", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00150-00074420-00074859": "With similar business ideas and that sort of trumps you a little bit it gives you a bit of discouragement", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00151-00074860-00074964": "And you might say oh my god", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00152-00074964-00075546": "There's so many other people doing the thing that I'm doing I might as well not do that and pick something else", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00153-00075547-00075680": "That's a little bit", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00154-00075680-00075957": "You know the something that has never been invented before", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00155-00075974-00076482": "Now the truth of the matter is that most of the business that you are gonna start definitely my business as well", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00156-00076517-00077017": "Is a business that's been started by other people it's an industry that is warm", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00157-00077066-00077518": "There's already other people doing what you're doing and that is actually a really great sign that there's a market", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00158-00077561-00077899": "For the type of business that you want to start that's not a bad thing", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00159-00077932-00078498": "Most of us are not starting something that has never been done before but don't let that deter you from", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00160-00078542-00078763": "pursuing that path because the", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00161-00078812-00079146": "Thing that you're gonna be doing in your business even if the outcomes look similar", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00162-00079169-00079645": "Even if the business type looks similar than someone else's out there you are", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00163-00079670-00080424": "Really the different piece of the puzzle you are going to bring in a combination of skillsets experience and approach a perspective", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00164-00080444-00080832": "That is in that formula and in that combination of how you work with people", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00165-00080897-00081535": "Immediately makes you different so don't make that mistake of actually not creating it from that", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00166-00081557-00082179": "That way of doing it and actually giving up an eye on an idea just because you think everyone else has been doing it", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00167-00082193-00082663": "Or you think that someone needs to look at your business in a particular way now", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00168-00082663-00082890": "What do I mean by that a great example of this is?", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00169-00082961-00083413": "Heather who is one of our students at the Academy and one of the things that she was struggling with was", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00170-00083486-00083675": "creating a", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00171-00083675-00084147": "Business that really utilizes her teaching background in academia", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00172-00084218-00084651": "and using that approach to teach other coaches how to", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00173-00084737-00085050": "Be creating better courses creating a better learning experience", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00174-00085097-00085738": "Because they don't possess her teaching experience for the last decade and that is such a great niche because a lot of coaches are gonna", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00175-00085738-00086043": "Be teaching what they know and not every coach has has a teaching background", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00176-00086111-00086652": "And understands what it feels like to teach and how to be a great teacher. You know this could be something", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00177-00086653-00087100": "That's not a natural ability from coaches and one of the things that has they were struggling with what's really", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00178-00087197-00087793": "really to be honest doing the things that she doesn't want to do where just things like curriculum planning or creating exercises for people or", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00179-00087803-00088125": "Putting agendas together, you know for coaches that are running retreats", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00180-00088126-00088309": "That's the thing she doesn't want to do, but hey", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00181-00088309-00088373": "That's a great", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00182-00088373-00089062": "Really great clue what you don't like doing can lead you to obviously what you do like doing the complete opposite of that and so", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00183-00089062-00089439": "Being able to actually say hey, I can be a coach for teachers", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00184-00089440-00089974": "I'm sorry I can be a teaching coach for coaches who want to teach for example doesn't have", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00185-00090017-00090205": "to include the curriculum", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00186-00090205-00090510": "It doesn't have to include the agenda planning if that's not what brings her joy", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00187-00090557-00090885": "Where she can really focus on is what she likes best, right?", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00188-00090908-00091336": "And tailoring that approach of saying actually you're gonna be a better teacher", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00189-00091336-00092064": "And you're gonna actually be able to do your own agenda and your own exercises if I teach you this piece about what is your?", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00190-00092099-00092260": "Ingredients as an amazing coach", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00191-00092260-00092923": "What is the formula or the pillars or your foundations of the work that you do that can then highlight for you?", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00192-00092923-00093262": "How you can create a learning experience that is truly truly?", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00193-00093314-00094024": "Customized for you and your audience and that piece is a little bit different than saying I'm gonna create your eCourse for you", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00194-00094046-00094285": "It's really helping these coaches", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00195-00094382-00094779": "Understand right what is their secret sauce what is their approach to teach?", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00196-00094780-00095421": "How do they like to teach and really encompassing a learning experience that not only serves their audience?", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00197-00095422-00095564": "but also serves", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00198-00095564-00095866": "The pleasure and the fulfillment that this coach is going to have", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00199-00095885-00096168": "When ever they run a retreat, or do a talk or do a workshop?", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00200-00096173-00096706": "They're really putting their blend of ingredients into that makes it be known for that flavor of", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00201-00096739-00097374": "Delivery of their work how much better is that and I think that is so much more of a relief for Heather to actually focus?", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00202-00097375-00098004": "on that piece and actually develop her her programs and her business around that core problem and", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00203-00098062-00098529": "Articulate that that problem leads to you doing better things in your learning experience creation", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00204-00098530-00099175": "Then actually say yes to everything that every coach ever once when it comes to creating their next course or workshop", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00205-00099212-00099534": "Having these boundaries around your work are gonna. Be really important", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00206-00099566-00100237": "Not just for yourself to feel really satisfied and not overwhelmed in your work, but really sticking out right as someone that", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00207-00100288-00100412": "specializes in that", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00208-00100412-00100902": "Know that you don't have to do everything that your clients want you to do, but actually confidently", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00209-00100969-00101487": "Master and put out just that piece and that unique way of an approach or perspective", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00210-00101487-00101997": "That's actually gonna make things even better for your audience right, but it creates a lot", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00211-00101998-00102534": "It does require you to actually be courageous to speak your voice out to speak your truth", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00212-00102534-00102778": "But what you're able to do and what you believe is", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00213-00102803-00103266": "Going to be even a better path for your clients instead of them actually telling you what to do", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00214-00103266-00103465": "That's what they're hiring of you for", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00215-00103465-00104115": "And I think that ability to be able to stand true to the piece that you want to do and also put your own spin", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00216-00104115-00104334": "Your own approach of solving that problem?", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00217-00104334-00104907": "That's gonna be different from other people is gonna allow you to do better work for yourself now", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00218-00104908-00105028": "I want to hear from you", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00219-00105028-00105531": "Which of these three steps are approaches helped you to clarify your idea for your niche", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00220-00105532-00106158": "Even further where the areas that you think would actually improve your idea and make things a little bit more simpler for you without", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00221-00106196-00106605": "Overthinking your idea or getting overwhelmed or doing too many things to define your niche", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00222-00106605-00107358": "But instead being truthful about where you want to stand with your work being courageous to actually take that next step to", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00223-00107399-00108060": "Validate your ideas for yourself start talking to people about this idea start giving away your gifts and actually", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00224-00108091-00108324": "Experimenting with how you help in your idea?", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00225-00108325-00108618": "You're really never gonna know if the right niche is for you", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00226-00108640-00108960": "Until you actually perform that niche a lot of people skip the step as well", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00227-00108960-00109276": "So I really encourage you if you want to do the work that you want to do", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00228-00109288-00109548": "Be paid for it actually start giving it away today", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00229-00109549-00110053": "Not when you think your website should be up or when your branding is looking snazzy do it now", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00230-00110093-00110293": "Create a container of people", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00231-00110293-00110794": "Maybe it's two or three people that you can approach and should give away that talent and you're going to be so much more", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00232-00110873-00111306": "Clear about what your knees should be and what your business idea should be about and how you really help", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00233-00111307-00111643": "And how you charge by actually working with real humans?", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00234-00111674-00112330": "Now if you're interested to work with us and myself as well to personally help you develop your business create a great idea", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00235-00112330-00112530": "That's not only just gonna get you paid", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00236-00112547-00113164": "But really build something that where work is really redefined for you your your expression of purpose", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00237-00113164-00113323": "It's really behind the work that you do", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00238-00113323-00113650": "I hope that you click the resource link that we're gonna be providing", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00239-00113669-00114124": "To give you the different ways that you can work with us, whether it's through the academy of cubical Crashers", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00240-00114136-00114490": "which is a digital community that runs a few times a year and", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00241-00114508-00115024": "We incubate together to really blast you off to a side hustle and a launch of a business", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00242-00115024-00115615": "That's truly something you can love or join us in things like art retreats in Bali where we do it live and in-person", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00243-00115660-00116361": "And make sure that you are fully. Fully focused while in Paradise of course and ensuring that you leave Bali", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00244-00116417-00116748": "with an amazing business plan an amazing plan of", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00245-00116785-00117415": "action that you can go home with and know that the business that you're building is truly coming from your value systems and something", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00246-00117415-00117655": "That's going to be deeply satisfying for you two videos", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00247-00117701-00117993": "Thank you so much for joining me for this week's video blog and as usual", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00248-00117994-00118461": "I would love to hear from you of what else do you want to learn so that I can film a video for you and", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00249-00118461-00118547": "Help you", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00250-00118547-00118765": "tours your path of escaping your nine-to-five", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00251-00118805-00119289": "Don't forget to comment below and let us know what you enjoyed most about this video share it with your friends", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00252-00119290-00119818": "And any questions that you have for me that I can answer for you to your freedom and s. See you next time", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00253-00119831-00120294": "Have you been desiring to create a life and career that gives you the freedom that you deserve?", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00254-00120305-00120891": "But you're not quite sure where to start well. Let me be the guy to help you quit that job. That's crushing your soul", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00255-00120944-00121465": "Discover your strengths and make money doing something that you love and will care about", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00256-00121493-00121845": "Head over to screw the cubicle comm to find tools and resources", "nWoHmA9HXGy-00257-00121846-00122614": "I've created just for you to help you jump-start your escape plan from your five and launch a business you can run from anywhere"}}, {"audio_id": "nXi6I9SVi_o", "text": {"nXi6I9SVi_o-00000-00003564-00003758": "The Mu.SA Project", "nXi6I9SVi_o-00001-00003772-00004312": "ended up having a very big influence right after my master's degree", "nXi6I9SVi_o-00002-00004328-00004708": "in the sense that I was looking for a very specific specialization", "nXi6I9SVi_o-00003-00004722-00005210": "within the scope of communication and the Museums' own experience.", "nXi6I9SVi_o-00004-00005230-00005364": "I was looking for...", "nXi6I9SVi_o-00005-00005382-00005730": "an upscale of my skills", "nXi6I9SVi_o-00006-00005772-00006138": "in the experiences with visitors, so I chose the profile", "nXi6I9SVi_o-00007-00006158-00006458": "digital interactive experience developer", "nXi6I9SVi_o-00008-00006512-00006756": "and it turned out to be a very interesting experience", "nXi6I9SVi_o-00009-00006756-00007230": "in the sense that I had the opportunity to start an internship at the Alberto Sampaio Museum", "nXi6I9SVi_o-00010-00007248-00007698": "and then make a proposal to develop a sound design project", "nXi6I9SVi_o-00011-00007709-00008145": "where the objective would be to make certain pieces of the Museum sound,", "nXi6I9SVi_o-00012-00008158-00008626": "namely pieces that had elements related to music in them,", "nXi6I9SVi_o-00013-00008640-00008898": "like musical instruments, angels, bells.", "nXi6I9SVi_o-00014-00008920-00009218": "Therefore, everything we can relate to the musical scope", "nXi6I9SVi_o-00015-00009232-00009652": "and develop sound pieces that could give us", "nXi6I9SVi_o-00016-00009682-00009948": "additional information about those objects", "nXi6I9SVi_o-00017-00010056-00010448": "and also offer a different interpretation proposal", "nXi6I9SVi_o-00018-00010528-00010728": "and streamline a little bit", "nXi6I9SVi_o-00019-00010750-00011018": "the experience that the visitor can have", "nXi6I9SVi_o-00020-00011032-00011216": "at the Museum.", "nXi6I9SVi_o-00021-00011248-00011348": "And...", "nXi6I9SVi_o-00022-00011480-00011654": "Make the experience much more interesting", "nXi6I9SVi_o-00023-00011672-00011862": "from an interactive point of view", "nXi6I9SVi_o-00024-00011955-00012055": "And that was", "nXi6I9SVi_o-00025-00012122-00012550": "the fundamental objective of this project, which has gone very well.", "nXi6I9SVi_o-00026-00012550-00012856": "In the internship that we have been developing", "nXi6I9SVi_o-00027-00012880-00013360": "I had the opportunity to develop a project related to the network of Monasteries at the North", "nXi6I9SVi_o-00028-00013390-00013636": "that the Regional Directorate is promoting.", "nXi6I9SVi_o-00029-00013666-00014088": "And that consists precisely in the development of a website that aggregates all the information", "nXi6I9SVi_o-00030-00014088-00014430": "available on this network of monasteries.", "nXi6I9SVi_o-00031-00014452-00014826": "And let's say I gain a lot of knowledge and experience", "nXi6I9SVi_o-00032-00014850-00015254": "to do this job, precisely at this Mu.SA course.", "nXi6I9SVi_o-00033-00015347-00015562": "And the course has...", "nXi6I9SVi_o-00034-00015612-00015913": "contributed a lot in my", "nXi6I9SVi_o-00035-00015913-00016179": "digital experience upscaling.", "nXi6I9SVi_o-00036-00016254-00016566": "Because I'm a more focused person,", "nXi6I9SVi_o-00037-00016584-00016960": "within the museology area, more focused on mediation and...", "nXi6I9SVi_o-00038-00017030-00017204": "I come from a Design background.", "nXi6I9SVi_o-00039-00017260-00017682": "And it was very important for me to realize", "nXi6I9SVi_o-00040-00017718-00017972": "what are the new technologies.", "nXi6I9SVi_o-00041-00017982-00018564": "how can I use them, use them in my daily work", "nXi6I9SVi_o-00042-00018590-00018936": "to meet the expectations of the public", "nXi6I9SVi_o-00043-00018958-00019312": "that always come ... from new audiences in Museums.", "nXi6I9SVi_o-00044-00019374-00019714": "I'm a librarian. I work at the Documentation Center at the Local Museum", "nXi6I9SVi_o-00045-00019714-00019988": "and I think a lot of the content that", "nXi6I9SVi_o-00046-00020033-00020364": "were offered to us at the level of the two phases of the course,", "nXi6I9SVi_o-00047-00020378-00020684": "allowed us to explore new tools", "nXi6I9SVi_o-00048-00020684-00021054": "and things that I can actually use in my", "nXi6I9SVi_o-00049-00021072-00021360": "in my activity and I think this has been an added value."}}, {"audio_id": "nXujn9fk0jQ", "text": {"nXujn9fk0jQ-00000-00000000-00000200": "hahaha....what's with the tail?"}}, {"audio_id": "nXHE3veHbUI", "text": {"nXHE3veHbUI-00000-00000223-00000636": "One, two, three, four, come on!", "nXHE3veHbUI-00001-00000674-00000831": "Come on!", "nXHE3veHbUI-00002-00000847-00000979": "Come on!", "nXHE3veHbUI-00003-00001000-00001155": "Come on!", "nXHE3veHbUI-00004-00001314-00001628": "One, two, three, four", "nXHE3veHbUI-00005-00001630-00001985": "Up, and down. Up, and down.", "nXHE3veHbUI-00006-00002100-00002496": "One, two, three, four, come on!", "nXHE3veHbUI-00007-00002564-00002695": "Come on!", "nXHE3veHbUI-00008-00002718-00002803": "Come on!", "nXHE3veHbUI-00009-00002856-00002969": "Come on!"}}, {"audio_id": "nY7zWe9LAPc", "text": {"nY7zWe9LAPc-00000-00000000-00000349": "Swirl it, Top it, Weigh it and Enjoy it", "nY7zWe9LAPc-00001-00000398-00000460": "Did you understand anything?", "nY7zWe9LAPc-00002-00000540-00000991": "You guys see this place, MyFroyoLand, I'll just take you there", "nY7zWe9LAPc-00003-00000991-00001334": "Then you'll understand why I was saying it", "nY7zWe9LAPc-00004-00001334-00001445": "Please come with me", "nY7zWe9LAPc-00005-00003663-00004046": "MyFroyoLand is make your own type of yogurt shop", "nY7zWe9LAPc-00006-00004089-00004356": "Pick a bowl of your choice", "nY7zWe9LAPc-00007-00004379-00004613": "from small, medium of large", "nY7zWe9LAPc-00008-00004613-00004893": "and fill it with your choice of yogurt", "nY7zWe9LAPc-00009-00004915-00005303": "On one side of the wall, these are the yogurt dispensing machines", "nY7zWe9LAPc-00010-00005361-00005738": "After picking a bowl of your choice, you can go crazy", "nY7zWe9LAPc-00011-00005753-00006066": "You can also mix two or three flavors of yogurt", "nY7zWe9LAPc-00012-00006101-00006747": "Awesome, yummy, absolutely delicious, healthy and diet friendly flavors of frozen yogurt", "nY7zWe9LAPc-00013-00006785-00007200": "150 flavors of yogurt are served at MyFroyoLand", "nY7zWe9LAPc-00014-00007234-00007500": "and to keep rotating the flavors weekly so that", "nY7zWe9LAPc-00015-00007512-00007800": "every time you get to try something new", "nY7zWe9LAPc-00016-00007815-00008253": "After adding yogurt of your choice, you can now add toppings of your choice", "nY7zWe9LAPc-00017-00008281-00008737": "and the wide variety of toppings they have, I'll just show it to you", "nY7zWe9LAPc-00018-00008762-00009040": "After that, put it on a weighing balance", "nY7zWe9LAPc-00019-00009063-00009600": "At MyFroyoLand, you are charged at Rs. 1.25 per gram", "nY7zWe9LAPc-00020-00009657-00009762": "it's a different concept, isn't it?", "nY7zWe9LAPc-00021-00009811-00010107": "That the price of your cup is decided by its weight", "nY7zWe9LAPc-00022-00010166-00010724": "And the end result is as much as a feast to the eyes as it is to the mouth", "nY7zWe9LAPc-00023-00010857-00011425": "Now I'll show you the wide variety of toppings that are available here", "nY7zWe9LAPc-00024-00011514-00011734": "If you are fond of sweets", "nY7zWe9LAPc-00025-00011743-00012382": "specially personalized yogurt with toppings from the widest platter one can imagine", "nY7zWe9LAPc-00026-00012433-00012750": "then this place is a must visit for you", "nY7zWe9LAPc-00027-00012761-00013187": "After seeing such a wide range of toppings, I really got confused", "nY7zWe9LAPc-00028-00013187-00013709": "what all toppings should I add and how much colorful do I make it", "nY7zWe9LAPc-00029-00013754-00014043": "There were so many options for toppings", "nY7zWe9LAPc-00030-00014055-00014367": "Amazing place to satisfy your sweet tooth", "nY7zWe9LAPc-00031-00014387-00014598": "On the yogurt of your choice", "nY7zWe9LAPc-00032-00014610-00014900": "pile on all the toppings you like", "nY7zWe9LAPc-00033-00014920-00015120": "best part about this place is that", "nY7zWe9LAPc-00034-00015136-00015379": "you can create your DIY yogurt", "nY7zWe9LAPc-00035-00015425-00016164": "This is a perfect place for people who are craving for ice cream, but are afraid of taking calories", "nY7zWe9LAPc-00036-00016250-00016722": "After seeing such a wide variety of toppings, I was really very excited", "nY7zWe9LAPc-00037-00016768-00017351": "And I thought I'll customize my yogurt, to make it really unique", "nY7zWe9LAPc-00038-00018667-00018990": "I also liked the interiors of MyFroyoLand", "nY7zWe9LAPc-00039-00018990-00019485": "Yogurt here is sugar-free, it contains calcium, it's vegan", "nY7zWe9LAPc-00040-00019549-00019793": "and it's a superfood", "nY7zWe9LAPc-00041-00019800-00020093": "this yogurt is also immunity boosting", "nY7zWe9LAPc-00042-00020106-00020480": "It's pro-biotic and it's also gluten free", "nY7zWe9LAPc-00043-00020531-00020700": "I've already told you that it's vegan", "nY7zWe9LAPc-00044-00020700-00020947": "The pink and blue colour combination was looking good", "nY7zWe9LAPc-00045-00020953-00021232": "Yogurt is also natural", "nY7zWe9LAPc-00046-00021257-00021825": "Yogurt is also non-fat, means you don't have to worry about calories, you can have yogurt without any hesitation", "nY7zWe9LAPc-00047-00021864-00022031": "and it also contains proteins", "nY7zWe9LAPc-00048-00022052-00022264": "And here's the selfie spot", "nY7zWe9LAPc-00049-00022363-00022595": "So I picked up a bowl of my choice", "nY7zWe9LAPc-00050-00022669-00023090": "I will go for my favorite flavor, that is strawberry", "nY7zWe9LAPc-00051-00023140-00023649": "I pulled the lever of dispensing machine and. Swirlingly came out my yogurt", "nY7zWe9LAPc-00052-00023745-00023895": "This was very exciting", "nY7zWe9LAPc-00053-00023904-00024403": "I think the kids will enjoy here, and making yogurt cup of their own choice", "nY7zWe9LAPc-00054-00024414-00024655": "Now I'll try the toppings", "nY7zWe9LAPc-00055-00024703-00025008": "You can also show your creativity here", "nY7zWe9LAPc-00056-00025008-00025672": "You can be very creative with your yogurt cup, and can decorate it nicely and colorfully", "nY7zWe9LAPc-00057-00025672-00025866": "I decorated my cup very nicely", "nY7zWe9LAPc-00058-00025875-00026075": "I added a lot of toppings", "nY7zWe9LAPc-00059-00026086-00026268": "Look, I'm also adding gems", "nY7zWe9LAPc-00060-00026325-00026921": "Whatever I was liking, and all the toppings of my choice, I was adding all", "nY7zWe9LAPc-00061-00026921-00027389": "And I think I was really making a nice cup of yogurt", "nY7zWe9LAPc-00062-00027414-00027776": "I thought I should make my cup of yogurt, a bit more colorful", "nY7zWe9LAPc-00063-00027795-00027943": "I thought", "nY7zWe9LAPc-00064-00027959-00028104": "Chocolate Brownie was also there", "nY7zWe9LAPc-00065-00028114-00028259": "So I picked up chocolate brownie", "nY7zWe9LAPc-00066-00028276-00028578": "And placed it on my yogurt", "nY7zWe9LAPc-00067-00028596-00028744": "This made my cup all the more colorful.", "nY7zWe9LAPc-00068-00028754-00029021": "Then I also placed two Wafer sticks.", "nY7zWe9LAPc-00069-00029035-00029400": "After that, I also saw Oreo powder", "nY7zWe9LAPc-00070-00029408-00029675": "That was also looking very yummy. So I added a little", "nY7zWe9LAPc-00071-00029682-00030000": "Lastly I added Nutella sauce", "nY7zWe9LAPc-00072-00030035-00030340": "My cup was looking, as if made by a professional", "nY7zWe9LAPc-00073-00030352-00030935": "Look at this now, my cup is ready, purely designed by me, MyFroyoLand cup", "nY7zWe9LAPc-00074-00030971-00031281": "And now I'll take it to the weighing machine", "nY7zWe9LAPc-00075-00031321-00031637": "I must say that the staff here was very interactive and helpful", "nY7zWe9LAPc-00076-00032039-00032692": "The weight that you're seeing, kindly multiply by 1.25", "nY7zWe9LAPc-00077-00032712-00032991": "This was the price of my cup", "nY7zWe9LAPc-00078-00033022-00033244": "And now it's time to taste my yogurt", "nY7zWe9LAPc-00079-00033361-00033621": "My Cup is looking better", "nY7zWe9LAPc-00080-00034088-00034485": "After tasting yogurt at MyFroyoLand, I'll just say one thing", "nY7zWe9LAPc-00081-00034531-00034750": "Say Yo To FroYo", "nY7zWe9LAPc-00082-00034777-00035221": "Yogurt here is very yummy.", "nY7zWe9LAPc-00083-00035263-00035506": "It's healthier than ice cream", "nY7zWe9LAPc-00084-00035540-00035891": "I have come to their C Scheme outlet", "nY7zWe9LAPc-00085-00035924-00036246": "They also have one outlet at Malviya Nagar", "nY7zWe9LAPc-00086-00036256-00036512": "So please do at least visit once", "nY7zWe9LAPc-00087-00036600-00036911": "I hope you must have enjoyed today's video", "nY7zWe9LAPc-00088-00036938-00037472": "Next Tuesday, I'll come back again with something new and interesting. Will explore Jaipur a bit more", "nY7zWe9LAPc-00089-00037500-00037846": "Till then stay safe and keep asking your life", "nY7zWe9LAPc-00090-00037879-00038013": "\"OKAY! NOW WHAT?\""}}, {"audio_id": "nYCqDxxqSEk", "text": {"nYCqDxxqSEk-00000-00000363-00000456": "opusC yksalK", "nYCqDxxqSEk-00001-00000456-00000600": "Subtitles by the Amara.org community"}}, {"audio_id": "nYQFYC3q-R0", "text": {"nYQFYC3q-R0-00000-00000138-00000550": "The tank the tank has been seen in our town", "nYQFYC3q-R0-00001-00000604-00000666": "a tank?", "nYQFYC3q-R0-00002-00000710-00000822": "they are coming!", "nYQFYC3q-R0-00003-00000902-00000976": "Excuse ME!", "nYQFYC3q-R0-00004-00000976-00001204": "Don't mind me", "nYQFYC3q-R0-00005-00001540-00001739": "Just coming trough here!", "nYQFYC3q-R0-00006-00001880-00001936": "Excuse me!", "nYQFYC3q-R0-00007-00001936-00001986": "Excuse me!", "nYQFYC3q-R0-00008-00002084-00002390": "If you wouldn't mind moving", "nYQFYC3q-R0-00009-00002512-00002620": "WTF?!", "nYQFYC3q-R0-00010-00002704-00002826": "HOW RUDE!", "nYQFYC3q-R0-00011-00002826-00002942": "Let me trough!", "nYQFYC3q-R0-00012-00003432-00003510": "WOW!", "nYQFYC3q-R0-00013-00003510-00003560": "NICE!", "nYQFYC3q-R0-00014-00003668-00003838": "That is RUDE from YOU, man!", "nYQFYC3q-R0-00015-00003850-00003946": "Don't mind me!", "nYQFYC3q-R0-00016-00003946-00004038": "Just ignore me!", "nYQFYC3q-R0-00017-00005066-00005186": "Don't shoot", "nYQFYC3q-R0-00018-00005218-00005284": "Cmon", "nYQFYC3q-R0-00019-00006258-00006458": "Super! Yes! Repair US!"}}, {"audio_id": "nYU1PVKbh1o", "text": {"nYU1PVKbh1o-00000-00000008-00000488": "hello everyone and welcome back to my channel welcome if you're new to my channel my name", "nYU1PVKbh1o-00001-00000488-00001040": "is carla and on this channel i share videos on fashion beauty and lifestyle if you enjoy these", "nYU1PVKbh1o-00002-00001040-00001688": "kinds of videos then please subscribe down below okay so today i have some date night outfit ideas", "nYU1PVKbh1o-00003-00001688-00002240": "for you guys and we're actually gonna jump right into it so this first outfit i actually shared it", "nYU1PVKbh1o-00004-00002240-00003000": "in my get ready with me where i also shared this look um so i have on here what i have on here is", "nYU1PVKbh1o-00005-00003000-00003672": "this sheer you can't really tell in this video but it's a little bit sheer um lavender colored", "nYU1PVKbh1o-00006-00003672-00004288": "blouse uh this one is from my boutique shop carla simon then you have the faux leather pants these", "nYU1PVKbh1o-00007-00004288-00004880": "i picked up from pretty little thing and just with the color combo i figured you know what i", "nYU1PVKbh1o-00008-00004880-00005560": "want color but then with the shoes i want to just bring all those colors together and that's where", "nYU1PVKbh1o-00009-00005560-00006264": "you end up seeing the shoes that i picked up from ego these have a multitude of colors and then i", "nYU1PVKbh1o-00010-00006264-00007056": "paired it with i paired this outfit with my louis vuitton toiletry 26. i knew that my face was going", "nYU1PVKbh1o-00011-00007056-00007616": "to probably be a focal piece but i didn't want it to be solely the focus focal piece and that's", "nYU1PVKbh1o-00012-00007616-00008184": "where i ended up just bringing all of the colors together as you guys know i've said it throughout", "nYU1PVKbh1o-00013-00008184-00008856": "my channel i love color there was a period of time where i just wanted to bring out the neutrals but", "nYU1PVKbh1o-00014-00008944-00009776": "guys i cannot stay away from color okay so the the next few outfit ideas i did keep the faux leather", "nYU1PVKbh1o-00015-00009776-00010272": "pants remember these are from pretty little thing i am gonna have them linked down below i", "nYU1PVKbh1o-00016-00010272-00010760": "did a haul on these pants as well if you want to check out the rest of the pants that i ended up", "nYU1PVKbh1o-00017-00010760-00011568": "picking up so the next outfit i ended up pairing a zebra printed shirt the black and the white", "nYU1PVKbh1o-00018-00011568-00012352": "i just always find that no matter what the print is if it's black and white i find that red goes", "nYU1PVKbh1o-00019-00012352-00013144": "perfect with black and white so here i have the black and white zebra printed top i have the faux", "nYU1PVKbh1o-00020-00013144-00013928": "leather pants on and then i just wanted to mute the mute these shoes and the handbag down so i", "nYU1PVKbh1o-00021-00013928-00014632": "just went with gold right because that was just my metallic um accessory color gold so i have these", "nYU1PVKbh1o-00022-00014632-00015272": "gold block heels that i got from asos i got these a few years back i know that they came out like", "nYU1PVKbh1o-00023-00015272-00015816": "years ago and then they sold out and they didn't return for a few years i don't know if that's", "nYU1PVKbh1o-00024-00015816-00016336": "going to be the case this time i will look around and see if something similar there's something", "nYU1PVKbh1o-00025-00016336-00017160": "similar out there um to the shoe style and then i have this purse so this purse if i'm not mistaken", "nYU1PVKbh1o-00026-00017272-00018104": "i think i got the purse from asos and then there's a chanel brooch that i put on the", "nYU1PVKbh1o-00027-00018104-00018816": "handbag um just to accessorize it and add my little or add a little touch uh to the handbag", "nYU1PVKbh1o-00028-00018816-00019664": "so yeah this is the second date night outfit inspo so this next outfit is a little risque um", "nYU1PVKbh1o-00029-00019736-00020320": "i have like there are times where i want to be more conservative and then there are times where", "nYU1PVKbh1o-00030-00020320-00020976": "i don't mind showing a little bit of skin and that is what you get here so i have this royal blue i", "nYU1PVKbh1o-00031-00020976-00021672": "find that i find i find that this blue pairs perfectly with red so i have this royal blue", "nYU1PVKbh1o-00032-00021672-00022344": "bralette and then i have the cardigan that kind of goes over it this is also from my boutique shop", "nYU1PVKbh1o-00033-00022344-00022824": "carla simon this is still available the lavender blouse that i shared in the first outfit idea", "nYU1PVKbh1o-00034-00022880-00023560": "is not available but this is still available again the red faux leather pants and the gold", "nYU1PVKbh1o-00035-00023560-00024288": "shoes with the gold bag in this video you'll tend to see a lot of the same items when i was putting", "nYU1PVKbh1o-00036-00024288-00025184": "this video together i wanted to share pieces that or outfit ideas where if you have one of something", "nYU1PVKbh1o-00037-00025184-00025680": "you can style it multiple ways so that's why i shared the red faux leather pants with", "nYU1PVKbh1o-00038-00025680-00026295": "multiple like different tops in different shoes or just if you have the gold shoes", "nYU1PVKbh1o-00039-00026295-00027120": "how you can style it in different ways next we have this green and red but then i wanted to keep", "nYU1PVKbh1o-00040-00027120-00027800": "that bralette on just for a a little bit of blue in there right because i just in my head i was", "nYU1PVKbh1o-00041-00027800-00028336": "thinking okay if i don't add the blue then it just it screams a little bit of christmas for me it", "nYU1PVKbh1o-00042-00028336-00028888": "doesn't necessarily have to be a christmas outfit but just the color combo the green and the red and", "nYU1PVKbh1o-00043-00028888-00029432": "that's where i just decided to add a little bit of blue that's the only reason why you see this here", "nYU1PVKbh1o-00044-00029432-00030208": "um so yes this green top i think it's from boohoo um i got it as a set boohoo or pretty little thing", "nYU1PVKbh1o-00045-00030208-00030800": "regardless it'll be linked in the description down below so i have this beautiful green top", "nYU1PVKbh1o-00046-00030872-00031783": "paired it again with the red pants of course you get the gold guys the gold and for this one it was", "nYU1PVKbh1o-00047-00031783-00032456": "very fun very fun and if it's colder out i would just throw maybe like a black blazer over this", "nYU1PVKbh1o-00048-00032456-00033120": "outfit just to keep it simple just i don't want to take away or add too much color to this outfit", "nYU1PVKbh1o-00049-00033120-00033976": "next we have all red so we have this red sweater which i actually have on right now this one i got", "nYU1PVKbh1o-00050-00033976-00034712": "from h m kept the pants on and then i just pulled out a different handbag so this is my shane justin", "nYU1PVKbh1o-00051-00034712-00035600": "handbag um i'll have the his website linked down below this bag comes in a multitude of colors yes", "nYU1PVKbh1o-00052-00035600-00036176": "the hardware on this handbag is silver but i've shared this before i don't mind mixing metals", "nYU1PVKbh1o-00053-00036176-00036888": "um so here i have the silver but then the shoes are gold my accessories are gold and i am okay", "nYU1PVKbh1o-00054-00036888-00037784": "again mixing the gold and the silvers i love this outfit guys i love monochromatic outfits for", "nYU1PVKbh1o-00055-00037784-00038536": "some reason they're just so classy and so elegant they're something that can be easy and and pretty", "nYU1PVKbh1o-00056-00038536-00039288": "much anyone can do it but it just seems like you put in much more work than you actually put in", "nYU1PVKbh1o-00057-00039288-00040008": "and that's why i was just like oh this outfit is just stunning whether we're going out to dinner", "nYU1PVKbh1o-00058-00040096-00040912": "we're going out to the movies we're going out to a party whatever the case may be this outfit is just", "nYU1PVKbh1o-00059-00040912-00041504": "it's just it guys it's beautiful it's stunning it's classy it's elegant everything that i just", "nYU1PVKbh1o-00060-00041504-00042128": "stated this outfit is all right let's move away from those red pants and let's get into a little", "nYU1PVKbh1o-00061-00042128-00042824": "bit of green so this jumpsuit there's a jumpsuit underneath this blazer this jumpsuit i got from", "nYU1PVKbh1o-00062-00042824-00043488": "mina monroe i think that's how you say her name i did a video on like instagram black owned", "nYU1PVKbh1o-00063-00043488-00044152": "businesses and this was one of the pieces that i picked up was this jumpsuit um i love how this", "nYU1PVKbh1o-00064-00044152-00044840": "jumpsuit feels there's like this knit um material and then on the bottom you get the ruching", "nYU1PVKbh1o-00065-00044840-00045368": "and there's like a slit on the inside i'm not sure if you can see it here but there's a little", "nYU1PVKbh1o-00066-00045368-00046152": "bit of a slit on the inside of these pants i just threw on my zara green blazer again i was thinking", "nYU1PVKbh1o-00067-00046152-00046880": "monochromatic something that looks good is easy to put together but it still stands out and it it", "nYU1PVKbh1o-00068-00046880-00047408": "makes a statement right and what i did was i just rolled up my sleeves a little bit i like doing", "nYU1PVKbh1o-00069-00047408-00048024": "this if i'm wearing something long sleeve with a blazer just to show um a little bit of what just", "nYU1PVKbh1o-00070-00048024-00048576": "to show what's going on underneath and with this color combo it kind of the blazer doesn't take", "nYU1PVKbh1o-00071-00048576-00049440": "away from the jumpsuit too much again accessorized it with my gold necklace and my gold heels as", "nYU1PVKbh1o-00072-00049440-00050320": "well as my gold handbag green and gold is just a beautiful combination but i just wanted to pull", "nYU1PVKbh1o-00073-00050320-00050880": "more of the gold from the blazer because on the blazer you will see some gold buttons so that's", "nYU1PVKbh1o-00074-00050880-00051479": "why i kept it mostly gold again i don't mind mixing metals but in this case i wanted to pull", "nYU1PVKbh1o-00075-00051479-00052288": "the gold from the green and that's why i chose the gold handbag and the gold heels this next outfit", "nYU1PVKbh1o-00076-00052288-00053024": "is for someone who wants to go out um they want to wear dress they want to look cute but they also", "nYU1PVKbh1o-00077-00053024-00053752": "want to be comfortable maybe you don't like heels maybe you're a boot person and that's why i chose", "nYU1PVKbh1o-00078-00053752-00054344": "these chunky boots they're comfortable they're boots and i just feel like the chunkiness of it", "nYU1PVKbh1o-00079-00054400-00054896": "kind of gives the illusion of heels but we know they're not heels because clearly", "nYU1PVKbh1o-00080-00054896-00055664": "they're chunky boots so yeah i have this beautiful dress on i love the ruffles there are like ruffles", "nYU1PVKbh1o-00081-00055664-00056464": "on the side i love that detail on this dress i got this dress from h m and then i have these black", "nYU1PVKbh1o-00082-00056464-00057216": "and pink boots which i picked up from ego and i just paired this with my coach handbag this coach", "nYU1PVKbh1o-00083-00057216-00057888": "handbag guys i feel like i dress it up i dress it down i do so much for with it because of the look", "nYU1PVKbh1o-00084-00057888-00058512": "of it it screams 90s but the way coach um created this bag is that they gave you that short strap", "nYU1PVKbh1o-00085-00058584-00059096": "just to dress it up with like in this case the dress but then they gave you like a long shoulder", "nYU1PVKbh1o-00086-00059096-00059552": "strap so that you can wear crossbody with like some denim jeans and like a t-shirt and some", "nYU1PVKbh1o-00087-00059552-00060072": "sneakers that this bag is just amazing not to take away from the outfit but i just wanted to point", "nYU1PVKbh1o-00088-00060072-00060936": "out that i just love this handbag so yeah this was just a comfortable cute going to the movies", "nYU1PVKbh1o-00089-00060936-00061696": "going to grab a quick bite kind of outfit lastly we are going out we're going to get dinner", "nYU1PVKbh1o-00090-00061696-00062304": "maybe we're gonna hit up a club later maybe it's my girl's party and we know we are going to have a", "nYU1PVKbh1o-00091-00062304-00063288": "fun fun so i chose this dress which there are just so many details in this dress that i just love i", "nYU1PVKbh1o-00092-00063288-00064032": "love the long sleeves of it even though it's a shorter dress um so if you wanted to you can just", "nYU1PVKbh1o-00093-00064032-00064528": "pair this with some thigh high boots i did not do this in this case clearly as you can see i do", "nYU1PVKbh1o-00094-00064528-00065336": "have the gold heels on but you can do like thigh high boots you can wear just regular chunky thigh", "nYU1PVKbh1o-00095-00065400-00065856": "boots or knee high boots that's why i just love this because sometimes you wear a short", "nYU1PVKbh1o-00096-00065856-00066400": "sleeve dress and even though you're wearing thigh high with it the outfit kind of looks off because", "nYU1PVKbh1o-00097-00066400-00066864": "you're like okay so you're covering up your legs but you're not covering up your arms and this", "nYU1PVKbh1o-00098-00066864-00067344": "dress gives you the ability to do that because your arms are covered but then you can proceed", "nYU1PVKbh1o-00099-00067344-00068008": "to do whatever you want on the bottom um i love how it sits on my waist there's like this tie", "nYU1PVKbh1o-00100-00068008-00068552": "detail it ruches on in the back unfortunately i did not get any footage of that so you won't", "nYU1PVKbh1o-00101-00068552-00069080": "really see the back but there's like some ruching in the back in the opening there's", "nYU1PVKbh1o-00102-00069080-00069784": "an opening in the back if you want to see more on this dress i also did a haul sharing this dress", "nYU1PVKbh1o-00103-00069784-00070424": "most of the pieces that you will see throughout my channel i've probably shared a haul at some point", "nYU1PVKbh1o-00104-00070424-00070864": "on my channel because i do get questions sometimes oh where'd you get this where'd you get that", "nYU1PVKbh1o-00105-00070864-00071504": "and not only for you i like to reference you back to that video but even for myself i can just grab", "nYU1PVKbh1o-00106-00071504-00072176": "that link and share it back with you guys so yeah guys those were the date night outfit ideas that", "nYU1PVKbh1o-00107-00072176-00072720": "i wanted to share with you guys please remember to be kind to yourself and be kind to others love", "nYU1PVKbh1o-00108-00072720-00073240": "yourself and love others as well also remember to give this video a thumbs up and subscribe down", "nYU1PVKbh1o-00109-00073240-00073808": "below guys don't forget to check me check me out on instagram carla that simon 19 i've been sharing", "nYU1PVKbh1o-00110-00073808-00075256": "pretty much daily ootds um but yeah go ahead check me out on instagram see you in the next video"}}, {"audio_id": "nZgx3L6bCj8", "text": {"nZgx3L6bCj8-00000-00000017-00000117": "JFIF $3br %&'()*456789:CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyz &'()*56789:CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyz", "nZgx3L6bCj8-00001-00000117-00000217": "*Tj7 !Y~Q>K oHM6 mmtKM= xL./ uRN/ jW2= =/uk 5<\\mh g=b] .=BP rqvqSMFQRi %L@m Haj5 *z|W", 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{(ssG 9..1 c,\\# .J_jG"}}, {"audio_id": "nZnHoTfCuoA", "text": {"nZnHoTfCuoA-00000-00000060-00000110": "*sighs*", "nZnHoTfCuoA-00001-00000110-00000160": "*waddup Cap*", "nZnHoTfCuoA-00002-00000350-00000540": "YOU WANNA KNOW WHAT REALLY GRINDS MY REAR-GUARDS?", "nZnHoTfCuoA-00003-00000560-00000726": "GENERATION BREAK 8", "nZnHoTfCuoA-00004-00000726-00000776": "*oh*", "nZnHoTfCuoA-00005-00000800-00001322": "I'll start off by giving my theory of what Bushiroad's roadmap for Vanguard is, which is to", "nZnHoTfCuoA-00006-00001322-00001750": "*Persona 5 music playing -dance by ZaCap* lel trolled", "nZnHoTfCuoA-00007-00001750-00001964": "I'm really dying to play this game right now. *sighs*", "nZnHoTfCuoA-00008-00002018-00002806": "The direction I believe Vanguard is going right now is that they want players to adopt a less rush-based style of play,", "nZnHoTfCuoA-00009-00002824-00003368": "by getting them to commit to certain cards that have awesome benefits when you reached late into the game.", "nZnHoTfCuoA-00010-00003368-00004028": "Similar like the quest systems that you might see in Hearthstone, or Heroes of the Storm, that they have implemented,", "nZnHoTfCuoA-00011-00004028-00004644": "GB8 is there to actually reward players for reaching that far late into the game by giving them, like, cards like", "nZnHoTfCuoA-00012-00004644-00004784": "THIS.", "nZnHoTfCuoA-00013-00004784-00005040": "or cards like THIS.", "nZnHoTfCuoA-00014-00005040-00005152": "or THESE.", "nZnHoTfCuoA-00015-00005190-00005256": "or THIS. *raises Persona 5 game box*", "nZnHoTfCuoA-00016-00005256-00005638": "But what grinds my rear-guards isn't skills like that.", "nZnHoTfCuoA-00017-00005638-00006216": "It's the fact that the probability of players adopting GB8 is at an all-time LOW.", "nZnHoTfCuoA-00018-00006232-00006745": "The way I see it, players would actually be more determined not to let the game reach to that stage", "nZnHoTfCuoA-00019-00006745-00006981": "so that they don't see skills like that.", "nZnHoTfCuoA-00020-00006981-00007248": "So, they'll continue to play their rush-based style.", "nZnHoTfCuoA-00021-00007248-00008016": "In Vanguard, based on all the releases that has come out thus far, I've actually came out with a philosophy.", "nZnHoTfCuoA-00022-00008016-00008224": "A very, very, powerful philosophy from me.", "nZnHoTfCuoA-00023-00008236-00008382": "Evolve,", "nZnHoTfCuoA-00024-00008382-00008498": "or DIE.", "nZnHoTfCuoA-00025-00008500-00009110": "How I came out with that philosophy is because of the fact the new boosters, always seemed to be stronger", "nZnHoTfCuoA-00026-00009112-00009324": "than the previous boost,", "nZnHoTfCuoA-00027-00009324-00009706": "so that whenever the new release comes out, that box is actually much more stronger than whatever was released", "nZnHoTfCuoA-00028-00009706-00009840": "in the previous box.", "nZnHoTfCuoA-00029-00009842-00009986": "Evolve,", "nZnHoTfCuoA-00030-00009986-00010060": "or DIE.", "nZnHoTfCuoA-00031-00010082-00010470": "Not only that, but boosts for certain builds, or sub-clans like Seven Seas,", "nZnHoTfCuoA-00032-00010470-00011068": "are all getting a \"drastically-changed\" skill requirements, like, they need a grade 3 or higher", "nZnHoTfCuoA-00033-00011068-00011518": "Vanguard this time around, so that it no longer supports that style of play.", "nZnHoTfCuoA-00034-00011518-00011590": "Evolve,", "nZnHoTfCuoA-00035-00011606-00011656": "or", "nZnHoTfCuoA-00036-00011670-00012032": "♫WAKE UP, GET UP, GET OUT THERE~♫ -jingle dance by Cap", "nZnHoTfCuoA-00037-00012032-00012180": "You'll get the points now.", "nZnHoTfCuoA-00038-00012180-00012668": "With GB8 becoming a thing now, I honestly find it hard to believe that players will gravitate towards", "nZnHoTfCuoA-00039-00012668-00013068": "these new cards, and you know, the awesome abilities that they have.", "nZnHoTfCuoA-00040-00013068-00013288": "In fact, I predict the opposite to be true.", "nZnHoTfCuoA-00041-00013288-00013786": "Nobody will invest in GB8, or Fighters Collection, for these following reasons.", "nZnHoTfCuoA-00042-00013786-00014266": "1. The stuffs from Fighters Collection ranges from lackluster to \"Oh, I think I'll play this because I don't", "nZnHoTfCuoA-00043-00014266-00014476": "have an alternative.\"", "nZnHoTfCuoA-00044-00014476-00014613": "I'm looking at you, Kagero. (oh boi get roasted, I mean \"Blazed.\")", "nZnHoTfCuoA-00045-00014613-00015040": "2. The games will never extend to that long for players to even use them.", "nZnHoTfCuoA-00046-00015040-00015658": "3. It does not work into their rush-based style of strategies, so, why bother going for competitive games", "nZnHoTfCuoA-00047-00015658-00015786": "for that matter?", "nZnHoTfCuoA-00048-00015786-00015966": "The data is here in Crossbones Vanguards.", "nZnHoTfCuoA-00049-00015966-00016474": "You can go back to our videos and you can see how fast or slow we get to GB8. A lot of the games we don't", "nZnHoTfCuoA-00050-00016474-00016946": "even reach GB8, and the most recent one that we did which is Ghostie in the Shellie (Cardfight #86),", "nZnHoTfCuoA-00051-00016946-00017616": "that's when I actually hit GB12, and that is, like, one game out of, like, so many of the others we've done here.", "nZnHoTfCuoA-00052-00017616-00017816": "And that's from a casual player's standpoint!", "nZnHoTfCuoA-00053-00017816-00018044": "Now imagine the competitive scene.", "nZnHoTfCuoA-00054-00018044-00018602": "If you ask me, I really, really, can't imagine how the game can actually last until GB8, for that matter.", "nZnHoTfCuoA-00055-00018602-00018886": "If the goal is to extend the game,", "nZnHoTfCuoA-00056-00018886-00019216": "then GB8 is actually not enough at this point of time.", "nZnHoTfCuoA-00057-00019242-00019826": "For all I know, they may have some extra things that is coming out behind the curtain that they haven't  revealed yet.", "nZnHoTfCuoA-00058-00019826-00020188": "We'll probably find out closer to when it hits Fighters Collection because Fighters Collection usually comes", "nZnHoTfCuoA-00059-00020188-00020830": "out with like, ridiculous new rules, or boost, for everything, you know, all that kind of jazz.", "nZnHoTfCuoA-00060-00020830-00021616": "But until then, the problem of players adopting GB8 and playing the long game, will not be solved", "nZnHoTfCuoA-00061-00021616-00021918": "just by releasing GB8 cards. Worst still,", "nZnHoTfCuoA-00062-00021918-00022388": "everything that I've said in this video will be muled if the company itself does not perceive this", "nZnHoTfCuoA-00063-00022388-00022542": "to be a problem in the first place.", "nZnHoTfCuoA-00064-00022542-00023150": "If there is a way to solve the problem of players adopting less rush-based style of play,", "nZnHoTfCuoA-00065-00023172-00023578": "then I dare say that you probably have to look at the core rules of your game.", "nZnHoTfCuoA-00066-00023666-00024038": "But I won't go further into that, I'll just leave it to where it is.", "nZnHoTfCuoA-00067-00024038-00024198": "But what do I know?", "nZnHoTfCuoA-00068-00024198-00024596": "I'm just a filthy casual who enjoys the great moments in Vanguard.", "nZnHoTfCuoA-00069-00024596-00024986": "I'm not going out there to dominate people in tournaments to prove that I'm the best in the world.", "nZnHoTfCuoA-00070-00025002-00025344": "WHEN REALLY BEST IN THE WORLD MEANS NOTHING-  (there Cap said the truth)", "nZnHoTfCuoA-00071-00025344-00025618": "So let me know what you think about GB8 in the comments below,", "nZnHoTfCuoA-00072-00025618-00026118": "maybe we can start a discussion over there and see maybe we can even solve this problem of players", "nZnHoTfCuoA-00073-00026136-00026504": "adopting this rush-based style of play, and see we can find something that'll actually make competitive", "nZnHoTfCuoA-00074-00026504-00026688": "Vanguard FUN AGAIN.", "nZnHoTfCuoA-00075-00026688-00027052": "*heavy sigh* At least one problem can be solved right now.", "nZnHoTfCuoA-00076-00027126-00027577": "(plz Cap juz stahp spare my eyes)", "nZnHoTfCuoA-00077-00027592-00027736": "Thanks for watching!", "nZnHoTfCuoA-00078-00028544-00028912": "Do subscribe to Crossbone Vanguards for more content!"}}, {"audio_id": "nZFvBKOVOrU", "text": {"nZFvBKOVOrU-00000-00000192-00000456": "- This is Jacob Baines", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00001-00000456-00000956": "and he's gonna talk to you about ASAs", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00002-00000993-00001218": "and whether you should trust them or not.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00003-00001335-00001418": "- Nailed it.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00004-00001836-00002001": "All right, hello, everyone.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00005-00002001-00002367": "Welcome to my talk, \"Do Not Trust the ASA Trojans.\"", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00006-00002367-00002499": "Ooh, that's fast.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00007-00002715-00003015": "Now you might immediately be asking yourself what is an ASA?", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00008-00003102-00003195": "And these are ASA.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00009-00003195-00003510": "These are Cisco Adaptive Security Appliance.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00010-00003510-00003704": "At the top, you see the original ASA released", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00011-00003704-00003996": "some 15 years ago and that was followed by the release", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00012-00003996-00004254": "of the ASA-X, which was followed more recently", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00013-00004254-00004581": "by the release of the ASA-X with FirePOWER Services.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00014-00004749-00005019": "Now the ASA actually comes in a few other form factors,", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00015-00005019-00005319": "including a virtual appliance known as ASAv.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00016-00005469-00005892": "And these are sort of ASA, as well, despite their names", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00017-00005892-00006099": "because they can run the operating system known", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00018-00006099-00006300": "as ASA software.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00019-00006300-00006597": "That is, of course, the same operating system used", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00020-00006597-00006813": "by the previously mentioned ASA models.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00021-00007011-00007179": "Now an ASA typically sits at the edge", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00022-00007179-00007461": "of your corporate network where it can be a firewall,", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00023-00007461-00007823": "a VPN, an IPS, and, or a router", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00024-00007823-00008031": "possibly all wrapped into one.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00025-00008031-00008304": "The ASA is a critical asset because it acts as the gateway", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00026-00008304-00008577": "between the internet and your corporate network", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00027-00008577-00008856": "and it also implements a variety of access controls", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00028-00008856-00008961": "and protections.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00029-00009111-00009408": "This talk is called, \"Do Not Trust the ASA,\"", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00030-00009408-00009585": "'cause we're gonna use features", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00031-00009585-00009882": "and vulnerabilities affecting the ASA in order to get", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00032-00009882-00010293": "root shells on the ASA itself, as well as shells", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00033-00010293-00010554": "on the administrative systems that connect to it.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00034-00010809-00011172": "Now all the ASA models we discussed earlier can be managed", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00035-00011172-00011346": "by this thick client known", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00036-00011346-00011760": "as Adaptive Security Device Manager or ASDM.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00037-00011760-00012102": "ASDM is installed on an administrator's Windows system", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00038-00012102-00012531": "so that they can remotely connect to their ASA or ASAs", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00039-00012531-00012705": "and perform administrative tasks", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00040-00012705-00013083": "like updating firewall rules, adding VPN users,", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00041-00013083-00013329": "or simply monitoring the router's status.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00042-00013616-00013965": "So for the next 20 slides or so it is important", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00043-00013965-00014372": "to understand how the ASDM client and the ASA communicate.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00044-00014372-00014552": "One of the first things that happens is", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00045-00014552-00015052": "the ASDM client makes an HTTP request for a PDM.SGZ file.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00046-00015147-00015477": "Now this file is hosted on the Cisco ASA's web server", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00047-00015477-00015938": "and the PDM.SGZ is downloaded by the client and unpacked.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00048-00015938-00016439": "The SGZ format is nonstandard one, but regardless,", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00049-00016446-00016602": "what the client finds inside is", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00050-00016602-00016818": "a whole bunch of Java classes.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00051-00016818-00017181": "The client will load those into memory, execute them,", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00052-00017181-00017535": "and that establishes the full administrative session", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00053-00017535-00017682": "with the ASA.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00054-00017682-00017988": "Now the fact that the SGZ file contains a whole lot", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00055-00017988-00018195": "of the client's functionality will be", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00056-00018195-00018333": "really important in a bit.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00057-00018741-00018966": "So what's interesting about this is", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00058-00018966-00019290": "while the communication happens over SSL,", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00059-00019290-00019668": "the ASDM client never verifies the ASA server certificate.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00060-00020079-00020454": "Which means that a Man in the Middle, like Hacker Cat here,", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00061-00020454-00020694": "can monitor or even modify the communication", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00062-00020694-00021039": "between the ASDM client and the ASA itself.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00063-00021039-00021252": "Essentially, this should allow Hacker Cat to take", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00064-00021252-00021639": "full control of the ASA as long as they're able to establish", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00065-00021639-00021799": "this Man in the Middle position.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00066-00021990-00022152": "Now this isn't theoretical.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00067-00022152-00022425": "Pictured here is a screenshot of me using the popular tool,", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00068-00022425-00022710": "Man in the Middle proxy, on the ASDM client.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00069-00022710-00022968": "I used a default Man in the Middle proxy certificate", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00070-00022968-00023190": "and the ASDM client gave no indication", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00071-00023190-00023349": "that it was under attack.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00072-00023349-00023712": "Like I said, this should give me, the attacker, full control", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00073-00023712-00024024": "over the ASA, but I might be able to gain access", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00074-00024024-00024255": "to the administrator's system, as well.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00075-00024255-00024735": "Recall that this PDM.SGZ file is full of Java classes.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00076-00024735-00024993": "If the Man in the Middle can introduce Melissa's Java", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00077-00024993-00025410": "to the SGZ, then maybe the SDM client will execute", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00078-00025410-00025530": "the malicious code.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00079-00025770-00026241": "To explore that, I wrote this SGZ parser called Getchoo.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00080-00026241-00026523": "It can extract all the files from an SGZ file", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00081-00026523-00026702": "and drop them a disk.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00082-00026702-00026880": "On the right here, you can see a recent release", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00083-00026880-00027327": "of the SGZ file containing more than 13,000 Java classes.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00084-00027327-00027726": "Importantly, it also contains a signature file.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00085-00027726-00028077": "Now this file contains valid cryptographic signatures", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00086-00028077-00028358": "for all of the files in the SGZ.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00087-00028358-00028776": "So if the ASDM client verifies the files in the SGZ", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00088-00028776-00028947": "against the signature file,", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00089-00028947-00029195": "then an attacker shouldn't be able to introduce", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00090-00029195-00029310": "malicious Java.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00091-00029751-00030156": "So here's some of the decompiled logic from the ASDM client.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00092-00030156-00030320": "Highlighted here, we can see", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00093-00030320-00030651": "that the client does actually check the validity", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00094-00030651-00031050": "of each file and when it encounters an invalid entry,", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00095-00031050-00031314": "it will log that failure to a log file.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00096-00031416-00031698": "But as we can see here,", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00097-00031698-00032102": "the client will still load the unsigned class files.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00098-00032102-00032379": "The client knows it's loading in unsigned class,", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00099-00032379-00032562": "so it attempts to use what they're calling", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00100-00032562-00032778": "the unsigned protection domain.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00101-00032910-00033060": "The unsigned protection domain is", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00102-00033060-00033303": "just like the signed protection domain", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00103-00033303-00033570": "except the all permission has been removed.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00104-00033570-00033912": "It just so happens that in this piece of software,", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00105-00033912-00034356": "that doesn't have any significant effect for the attacker.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00106-00034356-00034686": "A malicious Java class can more or less do anything", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00107-00034686-00034773": "to the system.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00108-00034881-00034964": "Thank you.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00109-00035283-00035721": "So this actually has been an ongoing issue with the ASDM.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00110-00035721-00035937": "Last summer, Cisco issued this advisory", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00111-00035937-00036351": "and assigns CVE 2021, 1585.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00112-00036351-00036540": "Essentially, this advisory says", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00113-00036540-00036822": "a Man in the Middle can inject arbitrary Java", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00114-00036822-00037158": "into an SGZ file and gain execution", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00115-00037158-00037341": "on an administrator's system.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00116-00037341-00037659": "Now, Cisco didn't release a patch with this advisory.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00117-00037659-00038007": "In fact, they didn't try to patch it until June 2022.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00118-00038007-00038367": "And unfortunately, that patch wasn't effective.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00119-00038367-00038730": "I'm told Cisco released a new patch for this vulnerability", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00120-00038730-00038976": "a couple of days ago, I was at Black Hat.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00121-00038976-00039189": "So this issue might be cleaned up now,", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00122-00039189-00039450": "although I haven't had a chance to verify that.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00123-00039450-00039783": "But it did take more than a year after initial disclosure", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00124-00039783-00039936": "for Cisco to address this.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00125-00040158-00040395": "Now a Man in the Middle attack is difficult.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00126-00040395-00040716": "It's a difficult position for an attacker to achieve", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00127-00040716-00040992": "so it's useful to note that 1585 is actually useful", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00128-00040992-00041226": "for evil endpoints as well.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00129-00041226-00041463": "And what I mean by evil endpoint is that", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00130-00041463-00041891": "if Hacker Cat can trick an administrator to connect", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00131-00042192-00042519": "to a endpoint in their control,", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00132-00042519-00042894": "then the Hacker Cat can return an SGZ file", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00133-00042894-00043281": "with malicious content and the ASDM client will load that", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00134-00043281-00043623": "into memory, execute it, and then Hacker Cat will have", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00135-00043623-00043848": "code execution on the administrator's system.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00136-00044055-00044241": "Again, that's not theoretical.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00137-00044241-00044538": "I've actually written two exploits for 1585,", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00138-00044538-00044750": "one of which is a Metasploit module.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00139-00044750-00045033": "And now this talk emphasizes real exploits,", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00140-00045033-00045393": "particularly using Metasploit to hammer home that these are", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00141-00045393-00045588": "viable attacks that could be pulled off", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00142-00045588-00045727": "by low-skilled attackers", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00143-00045939-00046184": "and these attacks should be taken very seriously.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00144-00046425-00046552": "Now obviously, this Man in the Middle,", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00145-00046552-00046911": "the Man in the Middle aspect of this attack is", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00146-00046911-00047088": "much more difficult", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00147-00047088-00047358": "when the administrator doesn't connect", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00148-00047358-00047574": "to the ASA over the internet.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00149-00047574-00047793": "Hacker Cat is gonna have a hard time establishing", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00150-00047793-00048093": "a Man in the Middle position within Corpnet.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00151-00048093-00048411": "So the administrator is probably safe in this configuration.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00152-00048645-00048903": "Now as a researcher, I want to find a way to attack", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00153-00048903-00049119": "the administrator on Corpnet, as well.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00154-00049119-00049419": "And I figured I'd try to just modify the SGZ file", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00155-00049419-00049587": "on the ASA itself.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00156-00049587-00049899": "Now remember the SGZ is hosted on the router's web server,", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00157-00049899-00050202": "so I figured I might have some type of write access there.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00158-00050430-00050706": "But I needed to find how the SDZ file got on the ASA", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00159-00050706-00050844": "in the first place.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00160-00050844-00051093": "And the answer is that it gets added to the ASA", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00161-00051093-00051498": "when the ASDM binary package is loaded on the system.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00162-00051498-00051816": "Now the package is available on Cisco's website", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00163-00051816-00052182": "as pictured here, but it's also loaded by default", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00164-00052182-00052682": "onto some of their ASA, such as ASAv and the test 5506X", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00165-00052758-00053042": "that we purchased also had it preloaded.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00166-00053042-00053391": "But regardless, this SGZ file is first introduced", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00167-00053391-00053780": "to the ASA's web server when the ASDM binary blob is loaded", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00168-00053780-00053868": "on the ASA.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00169-00054028-00054266": "And so I went hunting for the SGZ file", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00170-00054266-00054516": "in the ASDM binary package.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00171-00054516-00054732": "Again, this is a nonstandard format,", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00172-00054732-00054903": "so I had to do a little bit of work,", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00173-00054903-00055182": "but it turned out to be pretty simple.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00174-00055182-00055449": "The binary package breaks down into three parts:", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00175-00055449-00055766": "a general header, a manifest area,", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00176-00055766-00056037": "and then all the files are catted together at the end.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00177-00056148-00056330": "I was also looking for security features", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00178-00056330-00056478": "in the binary package.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00179-00056478-00056739": "And basically, I was looking for evidence", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00180-00056739-00056966": "that Cisco was signing the package.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00181-00056966-00057216": "So I did find this hash field in the header.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00182-00057216-00057534": "So my question was, is this a security feature", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00183-00057534-00057814": "or is it just a checksum to ensure the file's integrity?", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00184-00057929-00058212": "And it turned out to just be a checksum,", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00185-00058212-00058464": "which might not sound like a big deal to a lay person,", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00186-00058464-00058620": "but it really is.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00187-00058620-00058941": "Because there's no Cisco signature on this binary package,", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00188-00058941-00059405": "anyone is able to craft their own arbitrary ASDM package,", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00189-00059405-00059754": "which is a big deal because it means we can upload", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00190-00059754-00060213": "arbitrary SGZ files amongst other files to the ASA,", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00191-00060213-00060392": "which in theory should allow us to attack", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00192-00060392-00060579": "the administrator on Corpnet.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00193-00060921-00061221": "We reported this to Cisco in February of this year", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00194-00061221-00061578": "and Cisco released this advisory without a patch in June.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00195-00061578-00061953": "Again, I believe a patch was released a couple days ago,", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00196-00061953-00062283": "but I haven't gotten a chance to verify that.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00197-00062283-00062589": "But either way, this advisory says exactly", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00198-00062589-00062784": "what we just discussed.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00199-00062784-00063201": "Attackers can upload malicious ASDM packages to the ASA,", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00200-00063201-00063513": "which can result in code execution on hosts connecting", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00201-00063513-00063606": "to the router.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00202-00063819-00064077": "So we're able to achieve what we set out to do.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00203-00064077-00064517": "Hacker Cat has a malicious ASDM package hosted on the ASA.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00204-00064517-00064884": "The only question that remains is how exactly does", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00205-00064884-00065136": "Hacker Cat craft this malicious package?", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00206-00065349-00065508": "Now there are actually a bunch of files", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00207-00065508-00065769": "in this binary package and there are a variety", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00208-00065769-00066156": "of attack vectors Hacker Cat can pursue with these files", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00209-00066156-00066453": "that all result in code execution.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00210-00066453-00066714": "So I'm gonna highlight some of the files in the package", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00211-00066714-00066799": "and what they do.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00212-00067125-00067464": "The package contains HTML and JavaScripts that make up", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00213-00067464-00067743": "the ASDM web portal on the ASA.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00214-00067743-00067989": "Now these are obviously good vectors for phishing", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00215-00067989-00068301": "or browser exploitation, but they're not the best.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00216-00068445-00068877": "The ASDM binary package contains ASDM client installers.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00217-00068877-00069225": "There's an MSI for Windows and a DMG for Mac.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00218-00069225-00069552": "And these MSI used to be unsigned until I told Cisco", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00219-00069552-00069744": "that probably wasn't great", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00220-00069744-00070071": "and they started signing the MSI in June of this year.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00221-00070071-00070377": "But implanting your own installers is obviously", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00222-00070377-00070542": "a very good attack vector.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00223-00070779-00071037": "The package contains all the files for launching ASDM", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00224-00071037-00071211": "via web start.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00225-00071211-00071484": "Cisco just deprecated that functionality in June,", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00226-00071484-00071787": "so it's not that great of an attack vector anymore,", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00227-00071787-00072009": "but it's obviously a place that could lead", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00228-00072009-00072135": "to code execution.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00229-00072357-00072744": "But as we've seen, the SGZ file is a really good vector", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00230-00072744-00073005": "and it originates in the ASDM binary package,", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00231-00073005-00073149": "so we might as well use it.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00232-00073149-00073524": "So let's discuss a tool that will help Hacker Cat build", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00233-00073524-00073767": "malicious ASDM binary packages.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00234-00073929-00074214": "And this is a tool I wrote to do this and it's called", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00235-00074214-00074523": "The Way and The Way has three major functions.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00236-00074523-00074865": "It can partially extract ASDM packages to disk,", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00237-00074865-00075111": "which is really useful for examining and modifying", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00238-00075111-00075258": "the contents of a package.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00239-00075432-00075753": "It can also rebuild extracted ASDM packages.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00240-00075753-00076170": "So for example, in this slide, I modify the ASDM web portals", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00241-00076170-00076503": "indexed .HTML to say, \"Hello DEF CON.\"", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00242-00076503-00076851": "Then I use The Way to rebuild a valid ASDM package.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00243-00076851-00077117": "And when the new package is loaded on the ASA", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00244-00077117-00077505": "and we browse to the ASDM web portal that's hosted", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00245-00077505-00077847": "on the router, then we'll see, \"Hello DEF CON\",", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00246-00077847-00078003": "when we hit that landing page.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00247-00078285-00078570": "And finally, The Way can generate straight-up", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00248-00078570-00078810": "malicious ASDM packages.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00249-00078810-00079143": "These packages contain an SGZ file that will generate", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00250-00079143-00079536": "a reverse shell to an IPM port of the attacker's choosing", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00251-00079536-00079845": "whenever an ASDM client connects to the ASA.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00252-00079845-00080067": "So pictured here, you can see both the command line", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00253-00080067-00080268": "for The Way and I diagram", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00254-00080268-00080493": "how that exploitation actually works.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00255-00080685-00080919": "And this is how the attack looks in reality.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00256-00080919-00081156": "You can see the ASDM launcher is up and running", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00257-00081156-00081453": "and a reverse shell has been sent to my (indistinct) box.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00258-00081603-00081840": "So by crafting a malicious ASDM package,", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00259-00081840-00082149": "we can exploit ASDM clients not only connecting", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00260-00082149-00082398": "from the internet, but from Corpnet, as well.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00261-00082545-00082929": "The only challenge is installing our malicious ASDM package.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00262-00082929-00083319": "It does require elevated privileges to install this package", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00263-00083319-00083706": "on the ASA, so that's certainly a limiting factor.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00264-00083706-00083991": "But, of course, attackers can find ways to get", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00265-00083991-00084327": "required credentials or they can use an inside attacker", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00266-00084327-00084516": "or trick an administrator into installing", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00267-00084516-00084687": "a malicious package.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00268-00084687-00084894": "Those are all plausible vectors,", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00269-00085029-00085329": "but my favorite vector is a supply chain attack.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00270-00085329-00085758": "When I bought our test 5506X with FirePOWER Services,", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00271-00085758-00086040": "it arrived with an ASDM package already loaded.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00272-00086040-00086154": "I had no way of knowing if that was", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00273-00086154-00086418": "a valid Cisco ASDM package or not.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00274-00086418-00086625": "The reseller could have planted a malicious package", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00275-00086625-00086928": "on my device and they could have gained code execution", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00276-00086928-00087390": "in my home network when I started using ASDM on the ASA.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00277-00087390-00087699": "As we've seen, this isn't a theoretical threat,", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00278-00087699-00088011": "it's a viable and demonstratable attack", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00279-00088011-00088248": "that if done correctly, would actually leave the victim", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00280-00088248-00088344": "none the wiser.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00281-00088560-00088851": "What's sort of interesting about a supply chain attack is", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00282-00088851-00089169": "that the ASDM software is actually updated separately", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00283-00089169-00089358": "from the ASA software,", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00284-00089358-00089796": "meaning updating the operating system won't update ASDM.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00285-00089955-00090090": "And I got to wondering how often", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00286-00090090-00090324": "people actually update ASDM.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00287-00090324-00090570": "Basically if no one is updating the software,", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00288-00090570-00090954": "our implant lasts forever and any bugs that we find", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00289-00090954-00091191": "in this software last forever.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00290-00091191-00091392": "So I wrote a little tool to do some scanning", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00291-00091392-00091656": "of the ASA using ASDM on the internet.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00292-00091797-00091947": "And here are the results.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00293-00091947-00092229": "Basically no one updates the ASDM package,", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00294-00092229-00092607": "which is great for attackers and less good for defenders.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00295-00092607-00092979": "At the time of scanning, 7.18.1 was the most recent version", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00296-00092979-00093291": "of ASDM and fewer than half of a percent", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00297-00093291-00093513": "of hosts were using that version.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00298-00093513-00093696": "And we can see here the most popular version", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00299-00093696-00093996": "on the internet was released in 2017.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00300-00094293-00094506": "So that's it for ASDM hackery.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00301-00094506-00094770": "The rest of this talk will focus on a particular model", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00302-00094770-00095184": "of ASA called ASA-X with FirePOWER Services.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00303-00095184-00095511": "And in this first section, we'll get a root shell", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00304-00095511-00095712": "on the system over HTTP.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00305-00095865-00096198": "Now, as a reminder, these are the ASA-X", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00306-00096198-00096387": "with FirePOWER Services.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00307-00096387-00096693": "They're the latest hardware model to use the ASA name", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00308-00096693-00096954": "and they're admittedly getting a bit long in the tooth,", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00309-00096954-00097189": "but they're still in support and used globally.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00310-00097389-00097635": "Now the name FirePOWER Services actually describes", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00311-00097635-00097875": "a special feature on that ASA model.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00312-00097875-00098271": "In particular, it describes this oval at the bottom labeled", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00313-00098271-00098577": "ASA FirePOWER module deep packet inspection.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00314-00098703-00098970": "And what that FirePOWER module actually is", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00315-00098970-00099192": "is a virtual machine running Snort.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00316-00099192-00099546": "Essentially, FirePOWER services is an IPS that's installed", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00317-00099546-00099777": "directly on the ASA itself.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00318-00099777-00099939": "It's a pretty nifty feature.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00319-00099939-00100038": "And from this diagram,", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00320-00100038-00100290": "we see that incoming traffic is diverted", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00321-00100290-00100545": "through this virtual machine for analysis.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00322-00100668-00100902": "Now you can access the FirePOWER virtual machine", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00323-00100902-00101082": "via the Cisco CLI.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00324-00101082-00101439": "The command session SFR console will drop you", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00325-00101439-00101745": "into a Telnet session, which prompts for creds.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00326-00101745-00102135": "And once authenticated, you'll have this apparently limited", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00327-00102135-00102303": "FirePOWER module shell,", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00328-00102444-00102635": "except it isn't all that limited.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00329-00102635-00102897": "By executing the expert command, you'll drop", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00330-00102897-00103155": "into a bash shell on the VM.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00331-00103155-00103361": "And from there, you can actually pseudo to root using", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00332-00103361-00103602": "the previously used Telnet credentials.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00333-00103740-00103974": "And this root shell, as a feature, isn't limited", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00334-00103974-00104304": "to terminal connections, you can also use it via SSH.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00335-00104304-00104613": "So anyone with an SSH access to the ASA can grab", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00336-00104613-00104850": "a root shell in this virtual machine.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00337-00105011-00105207": "Now that's particularly noteworthy because", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00338-00105207-00105635": "as a virtual machine when configured has network access,", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00339-00105635-00105939": "meaning it can communicate with the inside network", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00340-00105939-00106182": "that the ASA is supposed to be protecting", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00341-00106182-00106404": "and it can communicate with the outside network", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00342-00106404-00106548": "or the internet.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00343-00106548-00106872": "An attacker that grabs a root shell on this VM can install", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00344-00106872-00107309": "arbitrary software, persist through reboots and upgrades,", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00345-00107309-00107682": "pivot attacks inwards, exfiltrate data out, and perhaps", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00346-00107682-00107936": "most interestingly to me, just chill out", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00347-00107936-00108258": "and sniff the traffic flowing through the virtual machine.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00348-00108258-00108480": "And it's unlikely that anyone is actually monitoring", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00349-00108480-00108714": "this virtual machine for a malicious behavior.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00350-00108876-00109034": "It's a really attractive place", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00351-00109034-00109224": "for an attacker to land and hide.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00352-00109314-00109605": "And this type of root shell is actually something", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00353-00109605-00109934": "most vendors attempt to prevent,", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00354-00109934-00110301": "but it just so happens to be a feature of this model of ASA.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00355-00110496-00110772": "Now Cisco obviously knows that this is dangerous", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00356-00110772-00111003": "because they have this lockdown sensor command", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00357-00111003-00111303": "that can disable the expert command and thus access", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00358-00111303-00111399": "to the root shell.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00359-00111498-00111765": "But I'm not sure if this is actually used", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00360-00111765-00112077": "and our next exploit will bypass it anyways, so.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00361-00112347-00112644": "So I was investigating how I can land in the root shell", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00362-00112644-00112983": "via HTTP, and it turned out ASDM can talk", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00363-00112983-00113298": "to the FirePOWER module and generate these pretty graphs.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00364-00113445-00113759": "But ASDM can't access the root shell.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00365-00113759-00114144": "If I use ASDM to issue the session SFR console command,", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00366-00114144-00114420": "then the ASA basically replies, you can't do", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00367-00114420-00114693": "interactive shells over HTTPs, so get outta here.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00368-00114942-00115056": "So I started messing around", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00369-00115056-00115323": "with some command injection vectors and here's one", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00370-00115323-00115518": "that was actually successful.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00371-00115518-00115905": "I issued the command session, SFR do backtick ID backtick", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00372-00115905-00116100": "where ID is a Linux command.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00373-00116252-00116493": "And the Linux command will tell us", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00374-00116493-00116772": "who we executed the command as.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00375-00116772-00117051": "So we can see that the ASA responded to the request", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00376-00117051-00117249": "with \"invalid do command\".", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00377-00117249-00117414": "Do would equal zero or root,", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00378-00117414-00117723": "meaning we successfully executed the command as root", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00379-00117723-00118188": "within this virtual machine which results in this scenario:", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00380-00118188-00118460": "an attacker over the internet can achieve a root shell", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00381-00118460-00118647": "on the FirePOWER module,", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00382-00118647-00118980": "on the FirePOWER module virtual machine by sending", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00383-00118980-00119280": "a rather simple command injection exploit.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00384-00119280-00119541": "And the exploit is really simple.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00385-00119541-00119805": "It's so simple you can put it in a tweet.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00386-00119805-00120000": "So pictured here, you can see a tweetable version", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00387-00120000-00120134": "of the exploit.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00388-00120134-00120594": "You see I used the curl utility bash dev TZP", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00389-00120594-00120882": "and net cat to throw the exploit and catch a reverse shell", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00390-00120882-00120987": "from the ASA.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00391-00121143-00121299": "Again, this is great for an attacker.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00392-00121299-00121577": "They now have their own malicious VM on the ASA to pivot", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00393-00121577-00121842": "inwards with and exfiltrate from.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00394-00121974-00122183": "Now Cisco did release an advisory for this,", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00395-00122183-00122478": "but only after it was determined that it was a bypass", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00396-00122478-00122703": "for the lockdown sensor command.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00397-00122703-00122936": "Cisco has released patches for most, but not all", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00398-00122936-00123311": "ASA exit FirePOWER Services and their advisory makes", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00399-00123311-00123761": "sort of big deal that the attack requires ASDM credentials,", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00400-00123761-00124029": "which is true, but those credentials might be", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00401-00124029-00124281": "easier to come by than you'd think.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00402-00124281-00124473": "So I'm gonna list a few ways you might come", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00403-00124473-00124632": "by ASDM credentials.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00404-00124764-00125036": "First recall that the ASDM client is vulnerable", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00405-00125036-00125163": "to Man in the Middle attacks.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00406-00125163-00125589": "So additionally, by default, ASDM client authenticates", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00407-00125589-00125958": "the ASA using HTTP basic auth, which means", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00408-00125958-00126297": "a Man in the Middle can (indistinct) extract", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00409-00126297-00126729": "valid ASDM credentials from any HTTP request originating", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00410-00126729-00126927": "from the ASDM client.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00411-00126927-00127026": "So there's one way.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00412-00127203-00127419": "It's also worth noting that the default credentials", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00413-00127419-00127740": "for the ASDM interface are blank, blank.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00414-00127740-00127956": "You don't have to take my word from that.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00415-00127956-00128331": "This slide is taken directly from Cisco's \"ASDM Book 1\".", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00416-00128331-00128721": "And of course we confirm this is true on our own 5506X.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00417-00128946-00129174": "And it also turns out the ASDM client was logging", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00418-00129174-00129501": "credentials to the client log for a long time.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00419-00129501-00129720": "So I wrote this Metasploit module that will scan", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00420-00129720-00130104": "through ASDM log files and pull out valid credentials.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00421-00130104-00130233": "So that's yet another way.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00422-00130344-00130581": "And finally, the ASDM web interface doesn't have", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00423-00130581-00130827": "brute-force protection enabled by default.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00424-00130827-00131202": "You have to go in and enable this account lockout feature.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00425-00131424-00131838": "So the only thing that protects that interface by default is", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00426-00131838-00132231": "an ASDM-specific user agent, one version of which", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00427-00132231-00132417": "I've highlighted here.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00428-00132417-00132669": "Without this user agent, the ASA ignores", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00429-00132669-00132858": "the inbound ASDM requests.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00430-00132858-00133083": "So that is at least some type of protection,", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00431-00133083-00133353": "but I ended up writing a Metasploit module", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00432-00133353-00133746": "that will brute force this ASDM interface anyways.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00433-00133746-00134034": "So that's another way to get credentials.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00434-00134034-00134352": "And I know a lot of people don't like brute-force attacks", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00435-00134352-00134535": "because they aren't very cool, they certainly aren't", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00436-00134535-00134910": "elegant, but we've seen a number of APT, like GRU use", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00437-00134910-00135201": "brute-force attacks at scale with great success.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00438-00135201-00135405": "And I'd suggest if it's good enough for GRU,", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00439-00135405-00135565": "it's good enough for me and you.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00440-00135735-00135960": "(audience members laughing)", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00441-00135960-00136197": "So with credentials in hand, I also wrote", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00442-00136197-00136362": "a Metasploit module", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00443-00136362-00136695": "for the command injection issue over HTTP.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00444-00136695-00136947": "Here, you can see we provide IPs and credentials,", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00445-00136947-00137268": "throw the exploit, and catch a reverse shell yet again.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00446-00137403-00137844": "And this is sort of only semi-related, but I was messing", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00447-00137844-00138138": "around with this ASDM interface and figured out how to dump", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00448-00138138-00138377": "the running configuration over HTTP.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00449-00138377-00138666": "And I actually think this shouldn't be possible,", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00450-00138666-00138858": "I don't think ASDM can do this.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00451-00138858-00139242": "It did involve some Cisco CLI hackery, but anyways,", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00452-00139242-00139461": "if you do come along ASDM credentials,", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00453-00139461-00139755": "that's just another way to dump more creds.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00454-00140025-00140268": "So we're going to switch our focus to abusing", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00455-00140268-00140532": "the installation of the FirePOWER module.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00456-00140532-00140742": "Now, nothing in the remainder of this talk is", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00457-00140742-00141054": "actually considered a vulnerability by Cisco,", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00458-00141054-00141309": "but I'll let you be your own judge on that matter.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00459-00141498-00141687": "Now interestingly, the FirePOWER module is", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00460-00141687-00142008": "an add-on package, kind of like the ASDM package,", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00461-00142008-00142287": "and it also has to be installed.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00462-00142287-00142611": "The ASA-X works totally fine without it", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00463-00142611-00142953": "and if the user doesn't use the IPS feature, then likely", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00464-00142953-00143169": "they'll not want it installed in the first place.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00465-00143169-00143511": "So a scenario where Hacker Cat has SSH access", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00466-00143511-00143814": "from the internet, but the FirePOWER module isn't installed", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00467-00143814-00143997": "isn't that farfetched.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00468-00143997-00144216": "But without the FirePOWER module installed,", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00469-00144216-00144487": "Hacker Cat can't access that special root shell", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00470-00144678-00144798": "or can he?", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00471-00144798-00145014": "So let's see how Hacker Cat can get that shell", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00472-00145014-00145209": "by using the FirePOWER boot image.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00473-00145302-00145617": "Now the FirePOWER boot image, the FirePOWER module", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00474-00145617-00145878": "installation process is really involved.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00475-00145878-00146136": "It takes three different steps.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00476-00146136-00146394": "But first you have to install a boot image,", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00477-00146394-00146595": "which is labeled number one here.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00478-00146595-00146943": "Then you have to install an install package,", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00479-00146943-00147117": "which is labeled number two.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00480-00147117-00147390": "And finally, you have to install an upgrade package,", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00481-00147390-00147699": "which is not even on this page and not numbered.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00482-00147699-00147867": "But we are talking about phase one here,", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00483-00147867-00148074": "installing and using the boot image.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00484-00148176-00148446": "The boot image needs to be downloaded from Cisco and copied", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00485-00148446-00148803": "onto the ASA or an image might already be present", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00486-00148803-00149124": "on your system, as was the case with our test device", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00487-00149124-00149301": "when we purchased it.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00488-00149301-00149529": "Either way, once the image is on the ASA,", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00489-00149529-00149745": "you issue two commands to boot it.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00490-00149745-00150057": "The first command lets the ASA know this is the boot image", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00491-00150057-00150155": "that you want to use", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00492-00150155-00150387": "and the second command actually boots it.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00493-00150519-00150816": "You can then issue the session SFR console command to open", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00494-00150816-00151068": "up a Telnet connection to the boot image", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00495-00151068-00151266": "and you'll be prompted for creds.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00496-00151266-00151428": "Pictured here is the default credentials", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00497-00151428-00151671": "for the various versions of the boot image.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00498-00151671-00151941": "But note the default user is always admin.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00499-00152097-00152427": "So once authenticated, you'll drop down into this shell", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00500-00152427-00152556": "on the boot image.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00501-00152556-00152838": "Now this is actually an extremely limited gel.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00502-00152838-00153114": "It's really only useful for installing stage two,", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00503-00153114-00153300": "the install package.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00504-00153300-00153522": "It doesn't have anything like the expert command", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00505-00153522-00153714": "we saw previously.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00506-00153714-00153961": "So let's actually take one step backwards", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00507-00154080-00154449": "and instead log in as this undocumented user root", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00508-00154449-00154722": "with a password Cisco123.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00509-00154722-00154911": "And bam, you got root shell.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00510-00155094-00155370": "And what's great about that is the boot image is", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00511-00155370-00155481": "networks too.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00512-00155481-00155964": "So using hardcoded creds on the boot image gives Hacker Cat", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00513-00155964-00156186": "that special root shell once again.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00514-00156186-00156399": "Now Cisco said this is not a vulnerability", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00515-00156399-00156621": "because there are no security expectations", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00516-00156621-00156882": "during the FirePOWER installation process.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00517-00157074-00157248": "They had the same response when we reported", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00518-00157248-00157566": "that command injection issue in the boot image.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00519-00157566-00157869": "This pictured injection is in the logic for installing", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00520-00157869-00158130": "part two of the FirePOWER module.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00521-00158130-00158325": "But I just want to emphasize", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00522-00158325-00158619": "the boot image contains no vulnerabilities.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00523-00158826-00158943": "But vulnerability or not,", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00524-00158943-00159168": "the hardcoded credits are dead useful.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00525-00159168-00159408": "And I've written a couple of exploits that automate", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00526-00159408-00159669": "the uploading and configuration needed to take advantage", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00527-00159669-00160008": "of this non-vulnerability and both exploits end", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00528-00160008-00160176": "by catching a reverse shell.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00529-00160278-00160590": "The Metasploit version is a bit better because it catches", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00530-00160590-00160740": "a reverse interpreter shell.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00531-00160740-00161001": "Now Cisco did remove the hardcoded credentials", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00532-00161001-00161271": "from a recent version of the boot image.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00533-00161271-00161550": "But since the ASA doesn't prevent you from using", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00534-00161550-00161742": "older boot images, I can't say it's", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00535-00161742-00162006": "a particularly useful mitigation.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00536-00162006-00162213": "In my mind, it's kind of a forever day.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00537-00162453-00162717": "Now the problem with the previous attack is it assumed", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00538-00162717-00163128": "SSH access, which is obviously not going to typically", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00539-00163128-00163332": "be available for an attacker.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00540-00163652-00163830": "I want to figure out some attacks that assumed", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00541-00163830-00164028": "no access to the device.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00542-00164028-00164352": "I want to modify FirePOWER install packages to include", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00543-00164352-00164664": "malicious code and then get unwitting victims to install", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00544-00164664-00164865": "those malicious packages.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00545-00164865-00165081": "So again, let's visit the boot image.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00546-00165261-00165525": "So this is the scenario I'm visiting.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00547-00165525-00165762": "Hacker Cat is totally on the outside,", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00548-00165762-00165909": "has no access to the ASA.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00549-00166009-00166259": "He's just sitting out there in the cold all alone.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00550-00166407-00166707": "So to help Hacker Cat get back to his root shell,", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00551-00166707-00166998": "I started looking at the format, the boot image,", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00552-00166998-00167238": "and it turns out it's just a totally generic", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00553-00167238-00167589": "bootable Linux ISO, like it's just a live CD.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00554-00167589-00167871": "You can actually execute it with VMware Fusion", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00555-00167871-00168267": "or whatever virtual machine system you like.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00556-00168267-00168444": "There's really nothing Cisco-specific", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00557-00168444-00168621": "about the boot image's format.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00558-00168807-00169227": "So I figured, well, why don't I just create my own live CD,", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00559-00169227-00169727": "my own bootable Linux ISO, give that to an administrator,", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00560-00169746-00169953": "get them to install it?", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00561-00169953-00170193": "Then the ASA should boot the malicious ISO.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00562-00170193-00170544": "Because my operating theory was that the Cisco-provided", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00563-00170544-00170943": "FirePOWER boot image was just a normal live CD or whatever.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00564-00171165-00171489": "And usually stories like this have a lot more to them,", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00565-00171489-00171714": "what you tried, what failed.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00566-00171714-00172008": "But the funny thing is, this just works.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00567-00172008-00172368": "I grabbed an existing script for creating tiny core", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00568-00172368-00172545": "Linux bootable ISOs.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00569-00172545-00172884": "I added in a few features: the ability to play Doom,", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00570-00172884-00173316": "a reverse shell, the essentials, and this script", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00571-00173316-00173670": "which I rebranded as Pinch Me generates a malicious ISO", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00572-00173670-00174075": "that the ASA will happily boot and assign IP addresses to.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00573-00174075-00174180": "There's no trial and error", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00574-00174180-00174525": "because the ASA doesn't attempt to block this behavior.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00575-00174525-00174777": "I guess booting arbitrary virtual machines", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00576-00174777-00175065": "on the ASA-X is just a feature.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00577-00175065-00175326": "But again, this isn't a vulnerability", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00578-00175326-00175623": "because there's no security expectations on the boot image.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00579-00175830-00176052": "So we can craft our own booted images,", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00580-00176052-00176424": "distribute them as we'd like, and once installed, have", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00581-00176424-00176652": "special access to this root shell once again.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00582-00176775-00176985": "And we can play Doom-ASCII.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00583-00176985-00177162": "Now this is sort of cheating because it's running", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00584-00177162-00177480": "on the virtual machine, but I'm forever going to say", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00585-00177480-00177810": "that I ran Doom on the ASA-X with FirePOWER Services.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00586-00177942-00178230": "One downside is that I didn't find a way to drop", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00587-00178230-00178497": "into the Doom via the session SFR console", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00588-00178497-00178776": "'cause there's some type of kernel module involved.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00589-00178776-00179028": "So you have to use this SSH session that I set up,", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00590-00179028-00179259": "but it's good enough for a hack.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00591-00179472-00179787": "But the problem with just attacking the system", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00592-00179787-00180036": "with a boot image is that it doesn't persist", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00593-00180036-00180168": "through reboots.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00594-00180168-00180356": "So I started looking at the install package", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00595-00180356-00180552": "for a more sustained attack.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00596-00180684-00180921": "Now remember the install package is part two", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00597-00180921-00181167": "of the FirePOWER module installation.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00598-00181167-00181530": "The install package is installed by and overwrites", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00599-00181530-00181626": "the boot image.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00600-00181734-00182019": "So I was trying to figure out the format of the boot image,", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00601-00182019-00182235": "the format the boot image expects", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00602-00182235-00182439": "the install package to be in.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00603-00182439-00182715": "So pictured here is Python tech taken directly", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00604-00182715-00183030": "from the boot image and you can see that expects", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00605-00183030-00183393": "the install package to be written in the encrypted content", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00606-00183393-00183672": "signed checksum package wrapper format.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00607-00183828-00184074": "It's a pretty secure format as far as I can tell.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00608-00184074-00184482": "And somewhat importantly, it's the only format that I think", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00609-00184482-00184839": "Cisco has ever published the install package in,", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00610-00184839-00185070": "at least dating back to 2016.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00611-00185280-00185430": "And it looks like this.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00612-00185430-00185688": "This isn't super important to know, just note that it starts", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00613-00185688-00186036": "with this keyword \"key\" very early on into the file.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00614-00186201-00186471": "But it also turns out that the boot image has this if clause", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00615-00186471-00186930": "for the FirePOWER module and that if clause allows", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00616-00186930-00187161": "for a second install package format.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00617-00187161-00187494": "And this format is called checksum package wrapper", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00618-00187494-00187803": "and is actually an utterly insecure format.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00619-00187803-00188046": "There's no Cisco signature on this one and it only has", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00620-00188046-00188442": "checksums like we saw with the ASDM package,", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00621-00188442-00188649": "which means in theory, we should be able to craft", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00622-00188649-00188849": "one of these checksum install packages", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00623-00188849-00189135": "and the administrator should be able to install it,", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00624-00189135-00189384": "resulting in route shell access once again.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00625-00189516-00189696": "And after some tedious reverse engineering,", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00626-00189696-00189879": "I did figure out that format.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00627-00189879-00190149": "Again, it's not important, just note that the file", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00628-00190149-00190314": "no longer starts with a \"key\" keyword,", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00629-00190314-00190461": "it goes straight in the data.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00630-00190680-00191043": "Now the problem is that we actually need", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00631-00191043-00191385": "the install package to do its job, namely install", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00632-00191385-00191562": "a whole bunch of Cisco stuff", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00633-00191562-00191769": "and then overwrite the boot image.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00634-00191769-00192021": "Otherwise the install process will fail.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00635-00192021-00192366": "So it isn't enough to know this insecure format,", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00636-00192366-00192735": "we need the insecure checksum package to also contain", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00637-00192735-00192942": "all the Cisco stuff as well", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00638-00192942-00193173": "so that installation will actually succeed.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00639-00193410-00193588": "So I wrote a tool that does that.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00640-00193588-00193722": "This tool called What's Up.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00641-00193722-00194034": "It takes in a valid and signed installation package,", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00642-00194034-00194367": "unpackages it, inserts malicious code,", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00643-00194367-00194814": "and then repackages it into this insecure format,", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00644-00194814-00195111": "ready to be installed by an unwitting victim.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00645-00195258-00195540": "Now the malicious code is just this init script.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00646-00195540-00195741": "Basically it tries to connect to an IPM port", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00647-00195741-00195990": "of the attackers choosing every five minutes.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00648-00195990-00196278": "And this init script will survive reboots and even upgrades,", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00649-00196278-00196536": "so it's a pretty useful little attack.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00650-00196536-00196782": "All you need is to get someone to install it.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00651-00196782-00197055": "But remember this is still not a vulnerability.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00652-00197319-00197676": "But the result, again, if installed is Hacker Cat is back", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00653-00197676-00197979": "in the root shell and this time with persistence.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00654-00198144-00198396": "Now I actually described this to Cisco as a potential", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00655-00198396-00198726": "supply chain attack as well, but they disagreed.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00656-00198726-00198945": "They pointed out that the FirePOWER module has", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00657-00198945-00199359": "a root shell feature and a vendor could simply insert", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00658-00199359-00199620": "arbitrary code into the virtual machine using", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00659-00199620-00199755": "that root shell.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00660-00199755-00200106": "So no malicious installation package required.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00661-00200106-00200565": "Which I agree is 100% true, but to me that's a separate", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00662-00200565-00200874": "and also concerning supply chain attack.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00663-00200874-00201149": "But I wasn't able to win them over to my point of view.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00664-00201375-00201603": "So that's all the hacks I have for you.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00665-00201603-00201870": "In this talk, we discussed Man in the Middle problems,", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00666-00201870-00202101": "credential leaks, code signing issues,", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00667-00202101-00202377": "package signing issues, root shell as a feature,", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00668-00202377-00202626": "hard-coded credentials for a root shell,", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00669-00202626-00202785": "command injection for root access,", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00670-00202785-00203082": "and executing arbitrary bootable ISO.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00671-00203082-00203433": "Many of these make the ASA a perfect little Trojan horse.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00672-00203605-00203805": "Now having said all that, let's take a quick look", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00673-00203805-00204054": "at some indicators and possible mitigations.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00674-00204234-00204528": "The number one thing I hope is taken away from this talk is", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00675-00204528-00204672": "that this can never be done.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00676-00204672-00204869": "Never can you use ASDM over the internet", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00677-00204869-00205146": "without potentially risking your ASA.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00678-00205146-00205346": "The Man in the Middle issue that we talked about,", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00679-00205346-00205692": "to my knowledge is actually not slated to be fixed.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00680-00205692-00206042": "I would actually encourage you to stop using ASDM altogether", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00681-00206042-00206259": "and disable that feature on your ASA.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00682-00206436-00206715": "I've written a few YARA rules to help identify", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00683-00206715-00206946": "some of these attacks we've talked about.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00684-00206946-00207279": "One rule will detect malicious ASDM packages", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00685-00207279-00207636": "and another detects unsigned install packages.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00686-00207636-00207855": "The other two will look through the ASDM log files", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00687-00207855-00208248": "for credentials or signs of malicious SGZ usage.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00688-00208554-00208842": "Now ideally, I'd love to give patching guidance,", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00689-00208842-00209115": "however, there are a slew of issues in this talk", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00690-00209115-00209454": "that are not considered vulnerabilities or unpatched", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00691-00209454-00209787": "or their patch status isn't clear as of today.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00692-00209787-00210069": "When patching isn't an option, we usually apply", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00693-00210069-00210444": "mitigating controls which is isolate and limit access.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00694-00210444-00210840": "And that's not easy because the ASA is a critical system", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00695-00210840-00211019": "in a given network.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00696-00211019-00211410": "At very least, like I said, I'd suggest disabling ASDM", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00697-00211410-00211533": "and ensure that you're auditing", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00698-00211533-00211755": "who's logging into your system.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00699-00211755-00211986": "Now we saw a number of password issues in this talk,", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00700-00211986-00212265": "so rotating passwords might be a good idea.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00701-00212265-00212457": "But finally, when it comes to the ASA-X", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00702-00212457-00212730": "with FirePOWER Services, I actually think", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00703-00212730-00213021": "this root shell feature is far too dangerous,", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00704-00213021-00213408": "even without all the packaging issues that we discussed.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00705-00213408-00213735": "So I'd suggest retiring and replacing those devices.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00706-00213735-00214041": "And until you do that, you should spend some time looking", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00707-00214041-00214296": "at the root shell on the device to ensure you know", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00708-00214296-00214421": "what's going on in there.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00709-00214617-00214785": "So that's actually it.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00710-00214785-00214950": "All the code I mentioned", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00711-00214950-00215223": "and a lot more, actually, is up on GitHub.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00712-00215223-00215541": "If you liked this talk, you can find me on social media", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00713-00215541-00215798": "at the normal places.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00714-00215798-00215886": "That's it.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00715-00215886-00215984": "Thank you.", "nZFvBKOVOrU-00716-00215984-00216292": "(audience clapping)"}}, {"audio_id": "nahvQBYNIMQ", "text": {"nahvQBYNIMQ-00000-00000117-00000565": "Hello everyone I am Sarfraz from mobilesmspk.net.", "nahvQBYNIMQ-00001-00000565-00001275": "And today I will do a quick comparison between Qmobile Noir S6 and Qmobile Noir Z14,", "nahvQBYNIMQ-00002-00001282-00001494": "so lets get started.", "nahvQBYNIMQ-00003-00001998-00002748": "I have already made review video of Qmobile Noir S6 and recommending you to watch that", "nahvQBYNIMQ-00004-00002748-00002896": "video as well.", "nahvQBYNIMQ-00005-00002896-00003896": "Qmbile S6 is available in Pakistan for Rs.12,750 while Z14 is available in Rs.25,500.", "nahvQBYNIMQ-00006-00003896-00004207": "So Z14 is exactly double the price of S6.", "nahvQBYNIMQ-00007-00004207-00004869": "Please note that I have mentioned official prices of the devices you can get both of", "nahvQBYNIMQ-00008-00004869-00005219": "them cheaper than this from market.", "nahvQBYNIMQ-00009-00005219-00005864": "Even though it is not a fair to compare a budget device with a flagship device but in", "nahvQBYNIMQ-00010-00005864-00006490": "this video we will try to understand that, is it justifiable to buy a device which cost", "nahvQBYNIMQ-00011-00006490-00006907": "you double, which is Z14 in our case.", "nahvQBYNIMQ-00012-00006907-00007222": "Here are the specifications.", "nahvQBYNIMQ-00013-00007222-00007681": "You can pause this video if you want to read till end.", "nahvQBYNIMQ-00014-00007681-00008260": "Build quality of S6 is not cheap by any means.", "nahvQBYNIMQ-00015-00008260-00009064": "But after holding S6 and Z14 side by side I can feel that how premium Z14 build quality is.", "nahvQBYNIMQ-00016-00009120-00009494": "Let me show you all the sides of both phones.", "nahvQBYNIMQ-00017-00009495-00010496": "On top S6 has micro USB port and 3.5mm headphone jack and Z14 has 3.5mm jack only.", "nahvQBYNIMQ-00018-00010496-00011132": "On right both S6 and Z14 has volume rockers and power button.", "nahvQBYNIMQ-00019-00011132-00011922": "On bottom S6 has microphone and speaker grill and Z14 has microphone, USB type-c port and", "nahvQBYNIMQ-00020-00011922-00012107": "speaker grill.", "nahvQBYNIMQ-00021-00012107-00012725": "Nothing on the left on S6 but on Z14 there is SIM card tray.", "nahvQBYNIMQ-00022-00012725-00013481": "There is 13mp camera and 3 LED flash on the back of S6 while there is secondary noice", "nahvQBYNIMQ-00023-00013481-00014187": "cancellation mic, 13mp camera and single LED flash on the back of Z14.", "nahvQBYNIMQ-00024-00014187-00014956": "Even though both phone has 13mp camera but Z14 camera quality is way better than S6.", "nahvQBYNIMQ-00025-00014956-00015701": "S6 has two dedicated SIM card slots and separate microSD card slot so you can use both the", "nahvQBYNIMQ-00026-00015701-00016668": "SIMs and microSD card simultaneously, but on Z14 there is hybrid slot so you can use", "nahvQBYNIMQ-00027-00016668-00017233": "either two SIMs or one SIM and microSD card at a time.", "nahvQBYNIMQ-00028-00017233-00017770": "S6 is made of plastic while Z14 is made of aluminium.", "nahvQBYNIMQ-00029-00017770-00018637": "Z14 has chamfered edges and despite being made of aluminium Z14 it not heavy at all.", "nahvQBYNIMQ-00030-00018637-00019113": "Let me show you the weight of both devices.", "nahvQBYNIMQ-00031-00019113-00019873": "You can noticed that Z14 is only 20grms heavier than S6 and don't forget that Z14 has bigger", "nahvQBYNIMQ-00032-00019873-00020304": "battery than S6 which is quite remarkable.", "nahvQBYNIMQ-00033-00020304-00021356": "Just to remind you that S6 has 2,500mAh battery while Z14 has 3,130mAh battery.", "nahvQBYNIMQ-00034-00021356-00021978": "Let me show you how fast finger print sensors are on both devices.", "nahvQBYNIMQ-00035-00022464-00023237": "You can unlock S6 directly from standby mode by using fingerprint sensor, but on Z14 you", "nahvQBYNIMQ-00036-00023237-00023720": "need to wake up the phone first and then unlock the device from fingerprint sensor.", "nahvQBYNIMQ-00037-00023720-00024801": "S6 has 5 inch HD IPS display with 720p resolution while Z14 has FHD IPS display with 1080p resolution.", "nahvQBYNIMQ-00038-00024801-00025607": "Z14 screen is made of 2.5D curve glass but unfortunately there is no gorilla glass protection.", "nahvQBYNIMQ-00039-00025607-00026286": "I have noticed that Z14 screen is resisting fingerprints very well but on the other hand", "nahvQBYNIMQ-00040-00026286-00026545": "S6 screen is fingerprint magnet.", "nahvQBYNIMQ-00041-00026545-00027201": "Viewing angles of Z14 screen is better than S6 and screen is also very responsive.", "nahvQBYNIMQ-00042-00027201-00028057": "All the specs of Z14 are better than S6 but how these specs are translated in to performance.", "nahvQBYNIMQ-00043-00028057-00028288": "Let me show you the benchmark scores.", "nahvQBYNIMQ-00044-00028288-00028519": "Here is the Antutu score", "nahvQBYNIMQ-00045-00028519-00028687": "Here is Geekbench score.", "nahvQBYNIMQ-00046-00028687-00029291": "You have noticed that Antutu and Geekbench single core scores on Z14 are almost double", "nahvQBYNIMQ-00047-00029291-00029951": "than S6, while Geekbench multi-core score is almost three times more on Z14.", "nahvQBYNIMQ-00048-00029951-00030560": "This means that you are going to get double performance on Z14 than S6.", "nahvQBYNIMQ-00049-00030560-00031107": "So that was the quick comparison video between Qmobil S6 ans Z14.", "nahvQBYNIMQ-00050-00031107-00031617": "I hope this comparison video helps you to understand that what is the difference between", "nahvQBYNIMQ-00051-00031617-00032230": "flagship device and budget device, and why flagship devices are cost so much.", "nahvQBYNIMQ-00052-00032230-00032776": "I will continue to upload this kind of videos in future, so please don't forget to subscribe", "nahvQBYNIMQ-00053-00032776-00032876": "to my channel.", "nahvQBYNIMQ-00054-00032876-00033247": "If you like this video please hit the like button.", "nahvQBYNIMQ-00055-00033247-00033900": "If you have any questions, feedbacks or suggestions do let me know in the comments section below.", "nahvQBYNIMQ-00056-00033900-00034169": "For more information please do visit my website."}}, {"audio_id": "nakXjEwSgZQ", "text": {"nakXjEwSgZQ-00000-00000152-00000654": "A large experimental study shows that Americans make poor decisions because they ignore their", "nakXjEwSgZQ-00001-00000654-00000870": "Black peers - but there is a remedy.", "nakXjEwSgZQ-00002-00000870-00001461": "In life and in organizations, it's important that we pay attention to each other.", "nakXjEwSgZQ-00003-00001461-00001561": "We can learn by observing the choices of those around us.", "nakXjEwSgZQ-00004-00001561-00001661": "In fields such as science it can be critically important to recognize the limits of our viewpoints", "nakXjEwSgZQ-00005-00001661-00001761": "and acknowledge that others may possess better information.", "nakXjEwSgZQ-00006-00001761-00001861": "Organizations are becoming more racially diverse.", "nakXjEwSgZQ-00007-00001861-00001961": "That's so important for our country.", "nakXjEwSgZQ-00008-00001961-00002661": "Research shows that minority members contribute novel perspectives.", "nakXjEwSgZQ-00009-00002661-00003307": "But what if White Americans are not paying attention to their Black peers?", "nakXjEwSgZQ-00010-00003307-00004069": "In an experimental setting, we find that White Americans are less likely to pay attention", "nakXjEwSgZQ-00011-00004069-00004572": "to and follow the example of their Black peers even when it is in their interest to do so.", "nakXjEwSgZQ-00012-00004572-00004819": "It's a worrisome finding.", "nakXjEwSgZQ-00013-00004819-00005763": "It indicates that our society, and organizations in it, suffer from a racial attention deficit.", "nakXjEwSgZQ-00014-00005763-00006120": "In recent years we've seen concerted efforts towards equity.", "nakXjEwSgZQ-00015-00006120-00006634": "But still: when you talk to members of a minority, they often say that they feel ignored, that", "nakXjEwSgZQ-00016-00006634-00006956": "their contributions are undervalued by their peers.", "nakXjEwSgZQ-00017-00006956-00007595": "We wanted to understand what exactly is happening, and how it can be remedied.", "nakXjEwSgZQ-00018-00007595-00008117": "The researchers gathered over 2,500 White working-age Americans, balanced by gender,", "nakXjEwSgZQ-00019-00008117-00008553": "and conducted experiments to understand how people pay attention to peers of different", "nakXjEwSgZQ-00020-00008553-00008653": "races.", "nakXjEwSgZQ-00021-00008653-00008938": "Each participant in the experiments received a puzzle.", "nakXjEwSgZQ-00022-00008938-00009359": "It was a hard problem, but if they solved it, they could earn money.", "nakXjEwSgZQ-00023-00009359-00009854": "So, it was in their self-interest to get all the hints they could.", "nakXjEwSgZQ-00024-00009854-00010404": "Each participant received a problem and could observe how two peers solved the same problem.", "nakXjEwSgZQ-00025-00010404-00010995": "The solution remained the same, but the race of the peers changed: half of the participants", "nakXjEwSgZQ-00026-00010995-00011385": "saw white peers, and half saw Black peers.", "nakXjEwSgZQ-00027-00011385-00011903": "Then, the participants submitted their solution to the puzzle, and also rated the competence", "nakXjEwSgZQ-00028-00011903-00012010": "of the peers.", "nakXjEwSgZQ-00029-00012010-00012597": "We found something remarkable: Participants were far more likely to pay attention to white", "nakXjEwSgZQ-00030-00012597-00012790": "peers than to Black peers.", "nakXjEwSgZQ-00031-00012790-00013311": "And remember: We didn't ask participants to like or befriend the others.", "nakXjEwSgZQ-00032-00013311-00013550": "In fact, they didn't interact at all.", "nakXjEwSgZQ-00033-00013550-00013901": "They only provided hints to the solution.", "nakXjEwSgZQ-00034-00013901-00014338": "The researchers uncovered a pattern of racial attention deficit.", "nakXjEwSgZQ-00035-00014338-00014844": "When analyzing the peer ratings, they discovered that the participants rated Black peers as", "nakXjEwSgZQ-00036-00014844-00015397": "substantially less competent, qualified, or reasonable than the White ones.", "nakXjEwSgZQ-00037-00015397-00015935": "At this point, we started thinking about ways to reverse this racial attention deficit.", "nakXjEwSgZQ-00038-00015935-00016160": "We tried two popular solutions.", "nakXjEwSgZQ-00039-00016160-00016597": "One is giving a credential, something that certifies your good skills, like a college", "nakXjEwSgZQ-00040-00016597-00016965": "degree or a professional license or a military rank.", "nakXjEwSgZQ-00041-00016965-00017288": "Another is firsthand experience with peers.", "nakXjEwSgZQ-00042-00017288-00017915": "Here there's no certification from a third party, just your experience with the peers.", "nakXjEwSgZQ-00043-00017915-00018532": "The researchers conducted more two experiments, seeking a cure for the racial attention deficit.", "nakXjEwSgZQ-00044-00018532-00019060": "In one, participants underwent a skill test, received their own score and the scores of", "nakXjEwSgZQ-00045-00019060-00019160": "the peers.", "nakXjEwSgZQ-00046-00019160-00019721": "When participants received the test scores of the peers, they no longer viewed Black", "nakXjEwSgZQ-00047-00019721-00019999": "peers as less competent.", "nakXjEwSgZQ-00048-00019999-00020680": "But amazingly they were still likely to overlook the advice of the Black peers, compared to", "nakXjEwSgZQ-00049-00020680-00020780": "white peers.", "nakXjEwSgZQ-00050-00020780-00021290": "The White-Black gap disappeared in ratings of competence, but the gap remained in actual", "nakXjEwSgZQ-00051-00021290-00021390": "behavior.", "nakXjEwSgZQ-00052-00021390-00021722": "Whites were still less likely to pay attention to Blacks.", "nakXjEwSgZQ-00053-00021722-00022410": "So, the researchers tried a second experiment: Let the participants solve problems together.", "nakXjEwSgZQ-00054-00022410-00022898": "We did not give information about credentials, we just let participants repeatedly solve", "nakXjEwSgZQ-00055-00022898-00023321": "problems, and see how their peers solved the same problems.", "nakXjEwSgZQ-00056-00023321-00023891": "In the first problem, the racial attention deficit was evident, but as participants accumulated", "nakXjEwSgZQ-00057-00023891-00024465": "experience with their peers, the racial attention deficit weakened, eventually fading away.", "nakXjEwSgZQ-00058-00024465-00024748": "There are two important lessons here.", "nakXjEwSgZQ-00059-00024748-00025320": "One, letting minorities in the room is not enough, they must get a seat at the table.", "nakXjEwSgZQ-00060-00025320-00025988": "Two, there are different ways to get them a seat at the table, and experiential recognition", "nakXjEwSgZQ-00061-00025988-00026145": "seems to work well.", "nakXjEwSgZQ-00062-00026145-00026639": "We can remedy the racial attention deficit by recognizing the accomplishments of Black", "nakXjEwSgZQ-00063-00026639-00027166": "peers, but this must be is embedded in everyday practice.", "nakXjEwSgZQ-00064-00027166-00027655": "Read the study at Science advances"}}, {"audio_id": "naM9n7ehTTY", "text": {"naM9n7ehTTY-00000-00000003-00000462": "CLLR LIAM ROBINSON (CHAIR): there isn't any. The only one that I will just mention is that I did have a message", "naM9n7ehTTY-00001-00000462-00000921": "from Nathalie Nicholas during the proceedings of the meeting to say that she'd been held up", "naM9n7ehTTY-00002-00000921-00001379": "at her work because she's in their sort of School of Tropical Medicine and could we record", "naM9n7ehTTY-00003-00001379-00001821": "her apologies accordingly, because we've received that with your kind of permission", "naM9n7ehTTY-00004-00001821-00002451": "we'll do that accordingly, but other than that if I could thank you for your attendance and we look forward to seeing", "naM9n7ehTTY-00005-00002451-00002990": "you at the next meeting at the end of this month which will be our Budget Meeting. Thank you."}}, {"audio_id": "naTeyBLRQwc", "text": {"naTeyBLRQwc-00000-00000180-00001030": "pumpkin focaccia VERY EASY COLORED and TASTY", "naTeyBLRQwc-00001-00001910-00002310": "thanks for the like!", "naTeyBLRQwc-00002-00002321-00002781": "for other videos subscribe and activate the bell", "naTeyBLRQwc-00003-00002781-00003933": "soften the pumpkin on the fire", "naTeyBLRQwc-00004-00005411-00006331": "200g WEIGHED COOKED PUMPKIN", "naTeyBLRQwc-00005-00006921-00007619": "let the", "naTeyBLRQwc-00006-00008460-00009051": "flour 0 350g", "naTeyBLRQwc-00007-00009096-00009426": "salt 7g", "naTeyBLRQwc-00008-00009506-00009906": "7g dehydrated BEER YEAST to", "naTeyBLRQwc-00009-00010925-00011520": "cool about 115g WATER", "naTeyBLRQwc-00010-00013153-00013731": "SOFT MIX SLIGHTLY STICKY TO LEAVE", "naTeyBLRQwc-00011-00013786-00014416": "IN A SHELTERED PLACE (also in the oven) 2 HOURS", "naTeyBLRQwc-00012-00015260-00015426": "25X30cm TRAY", "naTeyBLRQwc-00013-00015426-00015774": "OLIVE OIL", "naTeyBLRQwc-00014-00017611-00018108": "Help yourself with a little OLIVE to roll out the dough", "naTeyBLRQwc-00015-00018920-00019483": "FILM AND LEAVE FOR 30/40 MINUTES", "naTeyBLRQwc-00016-00021428-00021914": "COARSE SALT to taste", "naTeyBLRQwc-00017-00022453-00022801": "ROSEMARY", "naTeyBLRQwc-00018-00022801-00023149": "OLIVE OIL to taste", "naTeyBLRQwc-00019-00024526-00024989": "In a preheated and ventilated oven at 200 ° C 20 minutes (depends on the oven)"}}, {"audio_id": "nbdlnIUpiE8", "text": {"nbdlnIUpiE8-00000-00000639-00000739": "Eric Green: Good afternoon, everyone.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00001-00000739-00001227": "I'm Eric Green, director of the National Human Genome Research Institute, and I want to welcome", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00002-00001227-00001789": "you to this fifth lecture of the Genetics and Health Disparities lecture series.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00003-00001789-00002300": "For those of you like me who are a little disoriented having the podium on this side", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00004-00002300-00002575": "of the stage.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00005-00002575-00002864": "It was like an alternate reality for me when I walked in.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00006-00002864-00003283": "Twenty-two years I've been here and the podium's always there, and I came in and I thought", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00007-00003283-00003751": "I was in the wrong amphitheater, but complicated reasons why it's here, but I believe it's", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00008-00003751-00003851": "a permanent move.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00009-00003851-00003951": "So get used to it.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00010-00003951-00004433": "You know, the world is changing as we know it and the podium position is one such feature.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00011-00004433-00004533": "[laughter]", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00012-00004533-00005073": "For those of you who are new to this lecture series, I should remind you this is actually", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00013-00005073-00005657": "co-sponsored by four NIH institutes: the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00014-00005657-00005968": "Diseases, the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, the National Institute of Minority", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00015-00005968-00006314": "Health and Health Disparities, and the National Human Genome Research Institute.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00016-00006314-00006845": "And we're pleased to be joined by another co-sponsor, which is the Office of Minority", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00017-00006845-00007148": "Health at the Food and Drug Administration.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00018-00007148-00007589": "For those, again, who haven't been familiar with the series, these speakers have been", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00019-00007589-00008120": "chosen by these five different organizations to present the research to demonstrate how", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00020-00008120-00008529": "the ability of genomics has great capability for improving health equity.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00021-00008529-00009210": "The speakers in the series have approached the problem from different areas of genomics,", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00022-00009210-00009650": "from basic science to population genomics, to translational and clinical research, and", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00023-00009650-00010172": "the lecture topics have really focused across disciplines and frequently across the globe,", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00024-00010172-00010554": "as certainly you'll hear today with today's speaker.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00025-00010554-00010750": "I'm actually not going to introduce today's speaker.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00026-00010750-00011265": "I will tell you upfront I've heard her give talks probably four or five times over the", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00027-00011265-00011755": "last two or three years, and you're in for something special, but to introduce today’s", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00028-00011755-00012259": "speaker actually I'm going to invite to the stage a representative from one of our co-sponsors,", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00029-00012259-00012835": "that is the Office of Minority Health of the Food and Drug Administration, and representing", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00030-00012835-00013069": "that organization is Dr. Marty Mendoza.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00031-00013069-00013673": "So, Marty, please, if you come to the stage and please introduce today's speaker.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00032-00013673-00014363": "Martin Mendoza: Good afternoon, everyone.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00033-00014363-00014984": "My name's Martin Mendoza from the Office of Minority Health Commissioner at FDA, and on", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00034-00014984-00015429": "behalf of the FDA Commissioner Dr. Robert Califf, assistant commissioner for minority", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00035-00015429-00016128": "health Dr. Jonca Bull, and Dr. Green, it is my distinct honor and pleasure to introduce", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00036-00016128-00016559": "our speaker for today's lecture, Dr. Sarah Tishkoff.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00037-00016559-00017153": "Now, as Eric alluded to, Dr. Tishkoff is one of those speakers that due to her long history", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00038-00017153-00017376": "of excellence in this field really needs no introduction.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00039-00017376-00017951": "So I'm going to try and keep my remarks brief just to allow more time for a discussion and", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00040-00017951-00018051": "questions.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00041-00018051-00018454": "But I want to share some of the highlights of Sarah's career to date with you because", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00042-00018454-00018754": "she's just really, really impressive.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00043-00018754-00019373": "So Dr. Tishkoff, Sarah, started off her academic career by earning her bachelor’s from UC", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00044-00019373-00019818": "Berkley, followed up with a master's from Yale, and then a doctorate in genetics also", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00045-00019818-00020001": "from Yale in ‘96.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00046-00020001-00020619": "She went on to do a postdoc at Penn State under Dr. Andrew Clark, and from 2000 to 2007", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00047-00020619-00021148": "served as both assistant and associate professor at the University of Maryland College Park", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00048-00021148-00021248": "in the Department of Biology.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00049-00021248-00021710": "So glad to have you back home here in Maryland, Sarah.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00050-00021710-00022365": "Currently, Sarah is the David and Lynn Sullivan University professor in genetics and biology", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00051-00022365-00022729": "at the University of Pennsylvania, holding appointments in the both the School of Medicine", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00052-00022729-00022973": "and the School of Art and Sciences.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00053-00022973-00023518": "At UPenn Sarah studies genomic and phenotype variation in ethnically diverse Africans.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00054-00023518-00024094": "Her research combines fieldwork, laboratory research, and computational methods to examine", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00055-00024094-00024537": "African population history and how genetic variation can affect a wide range of practical", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00056-00024537-00024637": "issues.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00057-00024637-00025215": "Sarah is a recipient of a NIH Pioneer Award, the David and Lucile Packard Career Award,", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00058-00025215-00025650": "a Burroughs/Wellcome Fund Career Award, and a Penn Integrates Knowledge endowed chair.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00059-00025650-00026088": "In 2003 she was featured as one of the most 10 most brilliant young scientists in the", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00060-00026088-00026647": "U.S. by Popular Science Magazine, and has been the keynote speaker at several symposia,", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00061-00026647-00027222": "including NHGRI symposium in honor of the 10th anniversary of the Human Genome Project.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00062-00027222-00027747": "She serves on the board of several journals and has been a reviewer for \"Nature,\" \"Nature", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00063-00027747-00028017": "Genetics,” and \"Science,\" and several other journals.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00064-00028017-00028630": "She has a long very impressive history of NIH funding, one that most PIs can only dream", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00065-00028630-00029166": "about with her current research being supported by multiple NHGRI grants as well as funding", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00066-00029166-00029402": "from the National Science Foundation.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00067-00029402-00029831": "Her publication record, when I looked it up last night on PubMed, is well over a mile", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00068-00029831-00030564": "long with over a hundred peer reviewed manuscripts as well as authoring numerous editorials,", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00069-00030564-00030769": "reviews, chapters, and books.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00070-00030769-00031208": "Sarah's research has been the focus of numerous news articles and perspectives in \"Science,\"", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00071-00031208-00031656": "\"Nature,\" and \"Nature Genetics,\" and her science has been featured in hundreds of media quotes,", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00072-00031656-00032197": "including The New York Times, The Washington Post, The Baltimore Sun, The LA Times, US", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00073-00032197-00032843": "News and World Reports, National Geographic, CNN, ABC News, and Sports Illustrated, just", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00074-00032843-00033034": "to name a few.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00075-00033034-00033199": "[laughter]", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00076-00033199-00033903": "She's been interviewed by the Discovery Channel, PBS, the BBC, NPR, and WTOP, and really I", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00077-00033903-00034012": "could just keep going on forever.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00078-00034012-00034299": "I could take up the whole hour talking about Sarah.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00079-00034299-00034890": "So instead I'll just say that we are so honored to have Dr. Tishkoff with us today, and we", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00080-00034890-00035452": "can't wait to hear more about her research on evolution and adaption in Africa implications", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00081-00035452-00035678": "for health and disease.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00082-00035678-00035778": "Sarah.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00083-00035778-00035878": "[applause]", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00084-00035878-00036241": "Sarah Tishkoff: Thank you for that nice introduction.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00085-00036241-00036709": "I'm going to have a really hard time living up to that, like, amazing introduction.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00086-00036709-00037044": "So I'm really excited to be here today to tell you about my research.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00087-00037044-00037396": "I'm going to start off just talking about what I think are some of the key challenges", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00088-00037396-00037781": "generally in human genomics research.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00089-00037781-00038259": "One of the big outstanding questions or things that I think we need to accomplish is just", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00090-00038259-00038887": "simply to continue to characterize genomic and phenotypic diversity across a broad range", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00091-00038887-00039326": "of ethnically diverse human populations.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00092-00039326-00039704": "We're trying to better understand the evolutionally processes that generate and maintain that", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00093-00039704-00040255": "variation and understand how gene-gene, gene-protein, and gene-environment interactions contribute", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00094-00040255-00040611": "to both normal variable traits and disease risk.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00095-00040611-00041022": "And as you heard, the focus of my research is on Africa, and there’s a number of reasons", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00096-00041022-00041663": "for that, but one of the primary is that these red dots are showing the location of fossils", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00097-00041663-00042287": "of anatomically modern humans in Africa, and the oldest is dated to about 150,000 to 200,000", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00098-00042287-00042387": "years ago.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00099-00042387-00042709": "So modern humans arose in Africa.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00100-00042709-00043368": "And then somewhere in the past 50,000 to 100,000, years small numbers of individuals migrated", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00101-00043368-00043881": "out of Africa and across the rest of the globe, and that demographic history has really shaped", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00102-00043881-00044169": "the pattern of variation that we see today.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00103-00044169-00044669": "Now when we left Africa, it turns out as is the nature of apparently the human species", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00104-00044669-00045149": "we like to add mix, and we actually add mixed with Neanderthals, archaic populations that", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00105-00045149-00045437": "were outside of Africa and Denisova.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00106-00045437-00045681": "Denisovans, another archaic population.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00107-00045681-00046281": "So they’ve contributed roughly two to six percent it's been estimated of the non-African", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00108-00046281-00046381": "genome.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00109-00046381-00046716": "We've also shown this is probably going on in Africa as well, but we don't have any good", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00110-00046716-00047075": "ancient DNA samples from that region yet.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00111-00047075-00047543": "Now this slide kind of cracks me up because it’s like Estee Lauder's version of ethnic", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00112-00047543-00048211": "diversity amongst beautiful models, but the point is just there's not a lot of diversity,", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00113-00048211-00048311": "right?", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00114-00048311-00048738": "At the genome level we're talking about less than .1 percent divergence reflected in this", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00115-00048738-00048978": "common ancestry.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00116-00048978-00049284": "But we do know that there's a lot of structural variation.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00117-00049284-00049730": "There's insertions and deletions and inversions, and they’re really challenging the characterization.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00118-00049730-00050143": "And I feel like we still have a ways to go with that.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00119-00050143-00050547": "And so some people have -- you know, it’s been shown that can be accounting for a pretty", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00120-00050547-00050911": "decent proportion of variation between individuals as well.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00121-00050911-00051563": "But every study has shown that the majority of genetic variation is within populations", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00122-00051563-00052098": "and only about 15 percent between populations.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00123-00052098-00052516": "So I've long been interested in studying African diversity, as I said, because it's the site", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00124-00052516-00052691": "of origin of modern humans.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00125-00052691-00053171": "It's also important for reconstructing the African or understanding the African Diaspora", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00126-00053171-00053432": "and African-American ancestry.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00127-00053432-00053908": "It's an important region to study to understand the genetic and environmental factors that", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00128-00053908-00054230": "contribute to both communicable and non-communicable diseases.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00129-00054230-00054760": "So the three biggest communicable diseases, the three biggest killers right now are HIV,", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00130-00054760-00055454": "TB, and malaria in Africa, but a lot of non-communicable diseases like diabetes and hypertension are", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00131-00055454-00055704": "really on the rise, particularly in urban areas.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00132-00055704-00056038": "So we need to have more research done in that area.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00133-00056038-00056572": "And then of course we all, everybody in this room knows about the precision medicine initiative,", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00134-00056572-00057127": "and one of the things that's been states about that is that one of the goals is to identify", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00135-00057127-00057484": "variation at genes that play a role in drug response, for example.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00136-00057484-00057901": "We know that these exist, and there's been shocking little done in Africa.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00137-00057901-00058299": "I'm going to talk to you today about a little bit of preliminary data that we have, but", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00138-00058299-00058901": "when we went to find comparative data sets they almost didn't exist.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00139-00058901-00059251": "So apologies to those who've heard my talks before, but I have to give you a little bit", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00140-00059251-00059476": "of background about Africa.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00141-00059476-00060001": "So there are over 2,000 ethnic groups in Africa, and they speak languages that have been classified", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00142-00060001-00060251": "in to four major language families.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00143-00060251-00060729": "In blue is the distribution of populations that speak Afroasiatic languages, and those", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00144-00060729-00061164": "would include Semitic speakers from the Middle East and Cushitic speakers in the Horn of", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00145-00061164-00061264": "Africa.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00146-00061264-00061819": "In red is the distribution of Nilo-Saharan speaking groups, and these are mainly nomadic", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00147-00061819-00061919": "pastoralists.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00148-00061919-00062121": "You might have heard of the Maasai, for example.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00149-00062121-00062719": "The widest ranging language family is Niger-Kordofanian, and that originated in Western Africa, and", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00150-00062719-00063057": "the biggest subfamily is called the Bantu set of languages.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00151-00063057-00063496": "They originated on the border of Nigeria and Cameroon, and there was a major migration", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00152-00063496-00063889": "within the past 4,000 years to the east and south and to the west and south.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00153-00063889-00064239": "And it really shaped the genomic landscape in Africa.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00154-00064239-00064628": "And then lastly you have populations that have been called the Khoisan, and those are", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00155-00064628-00065060": "the groups that speak with a click, like the Maasai, if you saw \"The Gods Must Be Crazy.\"", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00156-00065060-00065338": "They have traditionally practiced a hunting and gathering lifestyle.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00157-00065338-00065822": "There are actually two groups in Tanzania, the Hadza and the Sandawe, who also speak", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00158-00065822-00066232": "with clicks, and that was actually what really got me originally interested in doing fieldwork", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00159-00066232-00066816": "in Africa was to study the relationship of those populations.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00160-00066816-00067260": "So when I started this research, and I got initially interested when I was at Ken Kidd’s", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00161-00067260-00068005": "lab at Yale, and at that time they had two representative African populations, or they", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00162-00068005-00068460": "claimed it was, and those happened to be two Central African hunter gather groups, so called", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00163-00068460-00068715": "Pygmies, who were not at all representative.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00164-00068715-00069277": "And there was just so little known about genetic variation because there just wasn't a lot", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00165-00069277-00069858": "of DNA material that was available from ethnically diverse populations.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00166-00069858-00070389": "So starting in 2001, myself, my students, and African collaborators had been doing fieldwork", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00167-00070389-00070764": "in Africa, and I thought I'd just show you a couple of shots so you can see what it's", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00168-00070764-00070864": "like.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00169-00070864-00071281": "We are focusing on minority populations who practice indigenous lifestyles.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00170-00071281-00071788": "They’re typically in very rural areas requiring use of the four-wheel drive vehicle, and this", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00171-00071788-00072363": "is work that was carried out largely by Simon Thompson and Alessia Ranciaro.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00172-00072363-00072644": "And this is from Tanzania.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00173-00072644-00073017": "These are members from the Hadza, hunter-gatherers who speak with the click.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00174-00073017-00073483": "This is our anthropometric measurement setup.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00175-00073483-00074083": "More recently I have funding actually form NIGMS to go to Cameroon.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00176-00074083-00074547": "These are my colleagues from the University of Yaounde Medical School, and my grad student", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00177-00074547-00075046": "Meagen Rubel and Alessia and Eric Mbunwe.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00178-00075046-00075412": "And just to give you an idea of some of the challenges we've run into, there's just the", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00179-00075412-00075652": "challenges of working in really remote areas.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00180-00075652-00075890": "This was in Ethiopia during the rainy season.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00181-00075890-00076149": "You can imagine what that was like.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00182-00076149-00076380": "And then in Cameroon this was our biggest hazard.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00183-00076380-00076726": "It was these was the big giant logging trucks because most of the time we're not on the", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00184-00076726-00076826": "paved roads.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00185-00076826-00077276": "We're on, you know, dirt roads, and when you're behind them they're kicking up a ton of dust", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00186-00077276-00077603": "and they've going like five miles an hour and you can't pass them, and when they're", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00187-00077603-00078145": "behind you they’re going like 95 miles per hour and they're running you off the road.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00188-00078145-00078462": "So in all of these regions we're collecting biological samples.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00189-00078462-00078953": "We're getting DNA, RNA, and now we're getting frozen plasma from blood.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00190-00078953-00079557": "We're getting fecal samples to study the micro biome, urine samples to look at metabolism.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00191-00079557-00080057": "And then we're getting very detailed ethnographic information and information about diet and", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00192-00080057-00080477": "whatever health information we may be able to obtain.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00193-00080477-00080654": "It's a huge challenge to process these.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00194-00080654-00081086": "It took many years just to figure out how to collect this data because there's typically", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00195-00081086-00081186": "no electricity.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00196-00081186-00081611": "So now we bring a generator with us, or if we had to, we had to resort to using the car", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00197-00081611-00082104": "battery at times.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00198-00082104-00082563": "A really important component of this work is that we tried very hard to do this as ethical", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00199-00082563-00082670": "a manner as we can.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00200-00082670-00082873": "And what that means is it takes a long time.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00201-00082873-00083342": "I'd say the average time is about five years for any region we go to because a lot of time", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00202-00083342-00083928": "is spent initially in community discussions, talking about the project, the risk and benefits,", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00203-00083928-00084214": "and questions they may have, and making sure they understand.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00204-00084214-00084611": "And then we have to go through all the ethical reviews, both at the countries where we work", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00205-00084611-00084925": "as well as at our local university.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00206-00084925-00085312": "We also think it's really important to return results to participants, and I can tell you", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00207-00085312-00085517": "they really, really appreciate that.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00208-00085517-00086100": "They don't typically read science but we translated this into the local language in sort of layman's", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00209-00086100-00086356": "terms.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00210-00086356-00086744": "And of course training and capacity building is absolutely crucial.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00211-00086744-00087067": "Right now the Aid [spelled phonetically] for Africa program is putting a lot of money into", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00212-00087067-00087510": "this, and I think it's great and something we need to continue to do.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00213-00087510-00087960": "So we also measured phenotypic variations, very detailed anthropometric variation, not", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00214-00087960-00088534": "just height and weight but like limb length and grip strength, skin pigmentation.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00215-00088534-00089057": "We looked at cardiovascular, lung, and blood phenotypes, metabolic function, lactose tolerance,", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00216-00089057-00089165": "glucose tolerance.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00217-00089165-00089788": "We've done taste perception tests, and when possible we look at infectious disease status.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00218-00089788-00090215": "So our approach is what I would call an integrative evolutionary genomics approach.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00219-00090215-00090834": "We're using different types of omics technology to look at how those are impacting each other", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00220-00090834-00091312": "and environment is interacting with these to impact the phenotype.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00221-00091312-00091488": "Today I'm just going to focus on one of these.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00222-00091488-00092049": "I'm going to focus on our genomic studies.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00223-00092049-00092371": "So working with populations in Africa.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00224-00092371-00092789": "One of the interesting things we can do is to try to disentangle genetic and environmental", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00225-00092789-00093080": "factors that are influencing variable traits.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00226-00093080-00093561": "So in this case, for example, we can look at individuals say from the same ethnic groups.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00227-00093561-00094286": "So you're controlling for genetic ancestry, but living in a rural versus an urban location.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00228-00094286-00094469": "Or you can do the opposite.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00229-00094469-00094872": "For example, these are two ethnic groups that live in the same village.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00230-00094872-00095128": "These colors represent different ancestries.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00231-00095128-00095631": "The Fulani have an innate resistance, relative resistance to malaria for reasons we don't", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00232-00095631-00095754": "know.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00233-00095754-00096380": "And the San in Botswana have more of a susceptibility, an increase of susceptibility to TB relative", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00234-00096380-00096517": "to the other populations.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00235-00096517-00096925": "Here's another striking example, just looking at BMI.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00236-00096925-00097429": "On the left is a woman from the San populations that speak in clicks from Southern African.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00237-00097429-00097717": "On the right is a Herero Bantu-speaking pastoralist.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00238-00097717-00097944": "So we're seeing pretty striking differences.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00239-00097944-00098537": "So I'm going to tell you now about a study that was published awhile ago, but it's still", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00240-00098537-00098916": "the largest study to date of ethnically diverse Africans.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00241-00098916-00099448": "We looked at over 2,500 Africans from 121 ethnic groups shown here, but you can see", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00242-00099448-00099569": "there's a lot of gaps.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00243-00099569-00099798": "There's still a lot to be studied.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00244-00099798-00100280": "We looked at 98 African-Americans from four regions in the U.S. and greater than 1,500", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00245-00100280-00100538": "comparative non-African groups.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00246-00100538-00100776": "So this is just showing the levels of genetic diversity.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00247-00100776-00101286": "The higher the bar the more diversity is there, color coded by geographic region, and we see", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00248-00101286-00101741": "that Africans are the most diverse, and we see decreasing variation as you go west to", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00249-00101741-00102168": "east across Eurasia into East Asia, Oceania, and the Americas.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00250-00102168-00102577": "That’s reflecting that bottle neck when we left Africa in a series of founder events", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00251-00102577-00102876": "as we migrated across the globe.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00252-00102876-00103402": "This is a phylogenic tree made by pairwise genetic distances between populations.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00253-00103402-00103890": "You can't see any details, but I just want to point out that here shown in colors are", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00254-00103890-00104278": "the African populations, these are the non-African populations.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00255-00104278-00104777": "We see that populations cluster by geography but not by what we would think of as racial", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00256-00104777-00104877": "classifications.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00257-00104877-00105575": "So here are people from India, Central Asia, Europe, East Asia, Americas, Oceania, and", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00258-00105575-00105675": "North Africa.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00259-00105675-00106168": "And even in Africa we see clustering by geography, Eastern Africa, Western, Central, and Southern", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00260-00106168-00106576": "Africa with a couple of exceptions.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00261-00106576-00106990": "Now another way we can look at ancestry is to use a computational approach.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00262-00106990-00107271": "This is with a method -- a software called Structure.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00263-00107271-00107482": "Some of you might have heard of that.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00264-00107482-00107890": "And we just ignore all the labels, and we just use the genetic data to try to infer", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00265-00107890-00108384": "the number of ancestral populations or population clusters, and they’re represented by the", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00266-00108384-00108609": "different colors there.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00267-00108609-00109041": "Then we put the labels back on, and these are actually -- this is made up of a number", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00268-00109041-00109141": "of lines.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00269-00109141-00109533": "Each one represents a person, and they can have ancestry in these different ancestral", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00270-00109533-00109653": "population clusters.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00271-00109653-00109903": "Here are the non-Africans.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00272-00109903-00110292": "People who self-identify as Middle Eastern or European are shown in blue.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00273-00110292-00110889": "People from India here, Pakistan, Central Asia, we see a lot of add mixture here, East", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00274-00110889-00111152": "Asia, Oceania, and the Americas.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00275-00111152-00111694": "And you can see in Africa a lot of diversity, and so more actually than we're seeing on", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00276-00111694-00111847": "a global level.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00277-00111847-00112157": "So lots of variation amongst populations in Africa.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00278-00112157-00112305": "Just pointing out some of the trends.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00279-00112305-00112785": "In orange, these are the groups that speak the Niger-Kordofanian or Bantu languages from", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00280-00112785-00112956": "Western and Central Africa.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00281-00112956-00113440": "In purple are people who speak Afroasiatic languages from Ethiopia.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00282-00113440-00113673": "In Red, Nilo-Saharan languages.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00283-00113673-00113898": "We think they came from Southern Sudan.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00284-00113898-00114455": "And then the hunter-gatherer groups like the Hadza, Sandawe, Pygmies, and the San.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00285-00114455-00115018": "Now, if we do the same thing and we just look in Africa and then we pull people together", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00286-00115018-00115584": "just for ease of presentation, what I’m showing you here are the three groups representing", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00287-00115584-00115996": "the groups that were in the HapMap study, and of course we now know the 1,000 Genomes", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00288-00115996-00116400": "study has focused mainly on the Yoruba from Nigeria.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00289-00116400-00117033": "It’s now expanded to include other African groups, but they all speak a Niger-Kordofanian", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00290-00117033-00117133": "language.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00291-00117133-00117359": "So they all can trace back their ancestry to that region.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00292-00117359-00117800": "So genetically they look very similar to that Yoruba population.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00293-00117800-00118224": "And this is what's being missed, a huge amount of diversity in Africa.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00294-00118224-00118689": "And we can see that the variation we see in East Africa is different from Southern Africa,", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00295-00118689-00118880": "Western, and Northern.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00296-00118880-00119458": "And we think that this is due to both the demographic history and due to adaption to", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00297-00119458-00119682": "very diverse environments.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00298-00119682-00120057": "And as I'm going to show you, we know that there are some functionally important variants", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00299-00120057-00120401": "that are common and specific to particular regions.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00300-00120401-00121043": "So we really need to be encompassing a broader range of African populations in human genomics", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00301-00121043-00121327": "research.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00302-00121327-00121522": "What about the African-American ancestry?", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00303-00121522-00122091": "This is going to be absolutely no big surprise, predominantly West-African ancestry from Niger-Kordofanian", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00304-00122091-00122711": "speaking populations, and then the next ancestry we see in large proportions is European ranging", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00305-00122711-00123215": "from zero to greater that 50 percent, very small amounts of ancestry from other regions,", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00306-00123215-00123476": "but keep in mind these are just four populations.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00307-00123476-00123891": "If you look in other regions of the U.S. you'll see something slightly different.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00308-00123891-00124321": "And this is of course reflected in the history of the slave trade, which is predominantly", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00309-00124321-00124421": "from Western Africa.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00310-00124421-00124941": "Now note that one of the biggest sources of slaves was actually Angola, and we know very", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00311-00124941-00125111": "little about variation there.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00312-00125111-00125282": "It's a place that's been hard to go.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00313-00125282-00125421": "There are landmines.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00314-00125421-00125813": "So maybe in the future.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00315-00125813-00126167": "Then together with Carlos Bustamante’s group we wanted to see if we could look at the fine", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00316-00126167-00126339": "scale variation in Africa.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00317-00126339-00126927": "So we looked at several hundred thousand single nucleotide polymorphisms genetic variance.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00318-00126927-00127366": "And you can see that if we do a principle component analysis where each dot represents", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00319-00127366-00127740": "a person and if they cluster close together it means they're genetically more similar", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00320-00127740-00128136": "to each other, it looks remarkably like the map of Africa.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00321-00128136-00128383": "And this is because of isolation by distance.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00322-00128383-00128935": "Populations migrated, they tend to marry or, you know, interbreed with people who are nearby,", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00323-00128935-00129498": "and they tend to differentiate a little bit, but that’s a really subtle difference because", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00324-00129498-00129917": "what we originally wanted to do was try to see if we could trace ancestry to different", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00325-00129917-00130280": "ethnic groups in Africa, and we couldn't do it because those difference are really, really", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00326-00130280-00130436": "tiny.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00327-00130436-00130739": "What we could do is a long principle component one.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00328-00130739-00131242": "Here is a sample of African-Americans, Europeans, and the Western African groups we looked at.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00329-00131242-00131733": "We can with high accuracy determine if an African-American individual has more European", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00330-00131733-00132015": "ancestry or African ancestry.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00331-00132015-00132519": "And Carlos' group came up with a method in which we can essentially slide across the", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00332-00132519-00132619": "chromosomes.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00333-00132619-00132812": "Here are chromosome 1 through 22.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00334-00132812-00133347": "You can slide along, and look at regions where there's a 100 percent African ancestry, 100", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00335-00133347-00133716": "percent European ancestry, or mixed ancestry in green.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00336-00133716-00133868": "We see a lot of variation.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00337-00133868-00134345": "This would be, you know, typical, but you see some people who self-indentify as African-American.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00338-00134345-00134557": "We don't see a lot of African ancestry.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00339-00134557-00134968": "Was it mislabeling or is it just telling you about how people may indentify in different", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00340-00134968-00135096": "ways?", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00341-00135096-00135478": "But keep in mind that, you know, imagine that there was a gene that plays a role in drug", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00342-00135478-00135767": "metabolism that was located right here.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00343-00135767-00136160": "Someone self-identifies as African-American or maybe the doctor looks at them and says,", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00344-00136160-00136806": "\"I think you're African-American,\" say that there were differences in how effective these", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00345-00136806-00136954": "are in different populations.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00346-00136954-00137361": "They might say, \"I'm going to give you this medication based on what I perceive your ancestry", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00347-00137361-00138040": "to be,\" but at that position they're actually 100 percent European at that position.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00348-00138040-00138340": "And that's why a more personalized approach is important.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00349-00138340-00138863": "All right, so I want to tell you about some new data that we have.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00350-00138863-00139393": "We now have done a high coverage whole genome sequencing, and this is part of the Simons", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00351-00139393-00139730": "Project in collaboration with the David Wright's [spelled phonetically] group, and this was", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00352-00139730-00140068": "work being done by a very talented postdoc Shauhua Fan.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00353-00140068-00140706": "We've sequenced 94 individuals from 44 African populations from very diverse regions as you", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00354-00140706-00140923": "can see here.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00355-00140923-00141448": "We can construct a phylogenetic tree, and we can see similar to the other tree if we", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00356-00141448-00141757": "were to --oops, I just went to the wrong thing.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00357-00141757-00141857": "I apologize.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00358-00141857-00142304": "If we were to look at non-Africans they would be coming off here.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00359-00142304-00142903": "So here's sort of the Ethiopian and the Afroasiatic and Nilo-Saharan speaking groups, the Hadza,", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00360-00142903-00143427": "Sandawe, the Bantu, the Niger-Kordofanian speaking groups, Pygmies from Central Africa", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00361-00143427-00143965": "who have some of the oldest lineages, and the absolute oldest lineages are the San.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00362-00143965-00144495": "So if you trace the lineages back they're at the root of this tree.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00363-00144495-00145142": "So one thing that we can do is there is a computational approach where basically if", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00364-00145142-00145782": "you can try to phase these genomes, and that is somewhat challenging to do, but if you", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00365-00145782-00146229": "can, you can compare the genomes of individuals from different populations.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00366-00146229-00146630": "We look at the coalescence of lineages and from that you can try to infer the time of", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00367-00146630-00147097": "divergence and also the historic population sizes.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00368-00147097-00147513": "And so we have inferred that the deepest, and this is very consistent with what other", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00369-00147513-00148063": "people have found, the deepest split is between the San and other populations at about 100,000", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00370-00148063-00148367": "to 120,000 years ago.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00371-00148367-00148871": "Then the San split off from the other hunter-gatherers, the Hadza and the Sandawe and the Pygmies", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00372-00148871-00149176": "roughly 60,000 to 80,000 years ago.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00373-00149176-00149686": "Then we have more recent divergence between the Niger-Kordofanian, Nilo-Saharan, and Afroasiatic", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00374-00149686-00150277": "between about 22,000 to about 40,000 years ago.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00375-00150277-00150817": "And relatively -- well, not that recent -- the divergence of the Hadza and the Sandawe roughly", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00376-00150817-00151484": "20,000 years ago, and interestingly, subgroups of the San diverged around 30,000 years ago.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00377-00151484-00151945": "And that timing actually happens to be around the time of the last glacial maximum, about", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00378-00151945-00152283": "22,000 years ago when it was very arid and dry.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00379-00152283-00152777": "It may be that populations separated into different refugia, and that's when that divergence", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00380-00152777-00152877": "occurred.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00381-00152877-00153409": "So in other words, though, the substructure we see has been around for a very long time", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00382-00153409-00153674": "in Africa.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00383-00153674-00154225": "When we try to infer historic population sizes interestingly these hunter-gatherer groups", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00384-00154225-00154635": "historically have the largest population sizes.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00385-00154635-00155431": "And in fact, if we're going to put Europeans on here, it would be right around here.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00386-00155431-00156069": "Now I want to talk about some other new data that we had looking at genes, ADME genes that", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00387-00156069-00156317": "play a role in drug metabolism.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00388-00156317-00156932": "This is an honor being invited partly by the FDA, and this is work that has been done by", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00389-00156932-00157436": "a talented graduate student who was actually just been rotating in my lab and a postdoc,", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00390-00157436-00157626": "Yancy Lo.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00391-00157626-00158202": "So we looked at genetic diversity at 21 ADME genes in diverse Africans from Eastern and", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00392-00158202-00158422": "Southern Africa.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00393-00158422-00158652": "And these are the genes shown here.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00394-00158652-00158999": "And the first thing I’m showing you is just level diversity, and the different colors", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00395-00158999-00159227": "represent the different ethnic groups.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00396-00159227-00159603": "So the point is just to show that there's a lot of variation depending on the gene in", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00397-00159603-00159793": "terms of the level of diversity.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00398-00159793-00160267": "We see one of the ones that have the highest diversity is at NET 2.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00399-00160267-00160612": "That's a gene that plays an important role in metabolizing drugs that are used to treat", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00400-00160612-00160783": "TB.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00401-00160783-00161514": "Now, out of these genes we've found a total of a little bit over 13,000 single nucleotide", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00402-00161514-00161673": "variants.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00403-00161673-00162113": "About 70 percent are in the database, and about 30 percent are novel looking at these", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00404-00162113-00162442": "African populations.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00405-00162442-00162959": "Now if we look at the ones that are causing a nonsynonymous substitution, so meaning a", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00406-00162959-00163477": "mutation that causes an amino acid change, well, we found a total of 220.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00407-00163477-00163601": "But now look at this.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00408-00163601-00163846": "The majority of those are novel.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00409-00163846-00164200": "So when we look at the nonsynonymous they tend to be novel.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00410-00164200-00164787": "And 82 percent are predicted to be potentially deleterious when we use the software called", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00411-00164787-00164918": "PolyPhen.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00412-00164918-00165523": "So the novel ones are sort of the open boxes, and we can see that a larger proportion of", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00413-00165523-00166349": "novel ones tend to be -- are predicted to be deleterious.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00414-00166349-00167101": "And here I'm trying to show that all these nonsynonymous SNPs, 138 of these, they tend", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00415-00167101-00167312": "to be at fairly low frequency, all right?", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00416-00167312-00167751": "So many of these nonsynonymous variants tend to be at low frequency.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00417-00167751-00168213": "And the potentially damaging variants often are restricted to one or a small number of", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00418-00168213-00168423": "populations.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00419-00168423-00168851": "So here it's showing the number of populations that have a minor allele frequency.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00420-00168851-00169333": "For example, here the possible damaging or probably damaging are sort of the orange colors,", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00421-00169333-00169433": "the ones that are common.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00422-00169433-00170033": "So you can see that often we see these variants in a single population, sometimes we see them", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00423-00170033-00170373": "in two, typically not more than five.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00424-00170373-00170879": "But it's something to be aware of that you have these potentially deleterious mutations", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00425-00170879-00171480": "and they may be very specific to certain populations, and they can differ quite a bit in allele", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00426-00171480-00171651": "frequencies.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00427-00171651-00172139": "So we also see that several of these genes have an excess of nonsynonymous variation", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00428-00172139-00172447": "that might be due to selection maintaining diversity.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00429-00172447-00172901": "Again, NAT2 is one of those.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00430-00172901-00173420": "And we can use another test of selection called Tajima's D. It's based on the allele frequency", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00431-00173420-00173520": "distribution.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00432-00173520-00173887": "Without getting into details, I'll just say that if you have a positive value that can", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00433-00173887-00174459": "be consistent with a type of selection to maintain diversity called balancing selection.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00434-00174459-00174920": "And if it's negative that could be consistent with a single variant being under very strong", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00435-00174920-00175277": "selection and rising rapidly to high frequency.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00436-00175277-00175641": "And what's interesting is amongst these genes you see a really different pattern.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00437-00175641-00176024": "Some of them are maintaining diversity, some of them you see less diversity than you'd", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00438-00176024-00176783": "expect, and some of these, for example the one at the very end, UGT2B7 at the end here,", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00439-00176783-00177187": "we’re seeing really divergent patterns between populations.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00440-00177187-00177761": "So some are showing evidence of positive selection and balancing selection, and some are showing", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00441-00177761-00178266": "evidence of positive directional selection.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00442-00178266-00178722": "So I want to move on now from showing the patterns of genomic diversity and I want to", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00443-00178722-00179017": "talk a little bit about phenotypic diversity in Africa.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00444-00179017-00179383": "This is work being done by a postdoc, Matt Hansen.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00445-00179383-00179921": "So we've measured 22 traits, cardiovascular and anthropometric traits and between 500", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00446-00179921-00180425": "to 5,600 individuals in this particular study.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00447-00180425-00180632": "And these are groups that have very different diets.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00448-00180632-00181033": "So it includes people who are practicing hunting and gathering.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00449-00181033-00181628": "So they have a diet very high in nuts and tubers and somewhat in meat.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00450-00181628-00182199": "People who practice a pastoralist lifestyle have a diet very rich in milk, blood, and", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00451-00182199-00182299": "some meat.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00452-00182299-00182542": "They also exchange corn with neighboring groups.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00453-00182542-00183213": "And then the agriculturalists will have a lot of greens in their diet.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00454-00183213-00183558": "One of the first anthropometric traits I'm going to mention is skin color.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00455-00183558-00183960": "And I also mention this because often there's been a lot of discussion lately about race,", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00456-00183960-00184122": "race and genomics.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00457-00184122-00184342": "When people think about races they often think about skin color.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00458-00184342-00184851": "It's a really terrible way to classify people because it's thought to be an adaptive trait,", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00459-00184851-00185263": "and we see dark skin color in many places where's there's a lot of UV light.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00460-00185263-00185646": "What people don't realize is that in Africa there's a huge amount of variation actually", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00461-00185646-00186228": "in skin color with the most lightly pigmented populations being the San and the most darkly", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00462-00186228-00186775": "pigmented being the pastoralists who speak Nilo-Saharan languages.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00463-00186775-00187313": "And we now know that this is due to different genetic variants.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00464-00187313-00187710": "Now looking at some anthropometric traits, let's start actually with height, and we've", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00465-00187710-00188086": "color coded these according to the diet, the subsistence pattern.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00466-00188086-00188329": "And we can see a huge variation in height.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00467-00188329-00189022": "The shortest statured populations are the so-called Pygmy populations from Central Africa,", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00468-00189022-00189460": "and the tallest are the pastoralists, the East African pastoralist groups.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00469-00189460-00189792": "If you look at BMI, the pastoralists have the lowest BMI.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00470-00189792-00190004": "So they're very tall and thin.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00471-00190004-00190280": "Some people have said that may be an adaptive trait.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00472-00190280-00191032": "And consistently the agriculturalists, the food producers, tend to have the highest BMI.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00473-00191032-00191498": "If we look at some cardiovascular traits like blood pressure, we see significant differences", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00474-00191498-00192000": "with significantly lower blood pressure in the pastoralists populations compared to the", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00475-00192000-00192173": "others.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00476-00192173-00192560": "We've also looked at a number of lipid biomarkers like triglycerides, for example.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00477-00192560-00193178": "Again, you can see significant differences between populations, and also based on subsistence", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00478-00193178-00193536": "patterns.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00479-00193536-00193983": "Now if we look at the extremes of the phenotypic distribution for these different traits and", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00480-00193983-00194653": "then we asked the question at those extremes, which people with which subsistence patterns", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00481-00194653-00194990": "are enriched at those extremes?", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00482-00194990-00195387": "For many of the anthropometric traits, the pastoralists tend to be on the very enriched", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00483-00195387-00196123": "for the extremes of being taller, for example, or longer limb length as opposed to the hunter-gatherers.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00484-00196123-00196791": "But if you look at, for example, the cardiovascular traits, like here is -- I have to see if that's", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00485-00196791-00197377": "correct -- at pulse there seems like an enrichment in the higher pulse rate in the hunter-gatherers,", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00486-00197377-00197738": "and LDL's very high at the pastoralists.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00487-00197738-00198416": "Now, we use a different data set, a million single nucleotide polymorphisms to infer ancestry", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00488-00198416-00199016": "the way I told you before in a number of these individuals for which we have phenotype data.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00489-00199016-00199641": "And we ask the question what's the association between ancestry and these phenotypes?", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00490-00199641-00200004": "And then we compared it to what if you label people based on diet?", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00491-00200004-00200624": "When we look at height, ancestry is really strongly correlated with height, and diet", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00492-00200624-00200766": "not at all, okay?", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00493-00200766-00201034": "So that's consistent with a strong genetic trait.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00494-00201034-00201638": "But if you look at blood pressure, also very strongly correlated with ancestry.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00495-00201638-00202093": "You look at BMI, not so much, right, as we would expect.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00496-00202093-00202724": "So now we're trying to look at genomite association studies to try to indentify genetic variants", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00497-00202724-00202900": "associated with these traits.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00498-00202900-00203453": "I also want to mention this is literally hot off the press, barely had a chance to look", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00499-00203453-00204013": "at this data, but we have a grant from NIDDK, this is together with Chuck Burant at the", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00500-00204013-00204835": "University of Michigan, and we started looking at metabolic -- metabolomic variation in diverse", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00501-00204835-00204935": "Africans.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00502-00204935-00205073": "So here we're looking at 450 individuals.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00503-00205073-00205421": "The different colors represent different ethnic groups.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00504-00205421-00205798": "There's no point in labeling because it gets too complicated.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00505-00205798-00206173": "And this is looking at a lipidomic panel of about 400 lipids.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00506-00206173-00206619": "What you can see from this is, though, is that we are clearly seeing clustering on ethnicity,", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00507-00206619-00206719": "okay?", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00508-00206719-00207257": "So we do see differences between ethnic groups, and this becomes even more striking if we", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00509-00207257-00207526": "just like teased this apart a little bit.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00510-00207526-00208004": "If we look at three different pastoralists groups from three geographic regions they", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00511-00208004-00208186": "actually are easily distinguished.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00512-00208186-00208728": "So here's a case where their genetic ancestry is different, but the diet is the same, and", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00513-00208728-00208991": "we can distinguish them here.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00514-00208991-00209332": "Here's the case where the Hadza, there are only a thousand Hadza hunter-gatherers, they", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00515-00209332-00209502": "live around this lake called Lake Eyasi.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00516-00209502-00209672": "We sampled from two regions.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00517-00209672-00209923": "One of them is living a more traditional lifestyle.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00518-00209923-00210140": "The other one is a more subtle lifestyle.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00519-00210140-00210698": "We can actually distinguish them with this metabolomic analysis.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00520-00210698-00211144": "We then did -- just to show you in terms of differences in lipids.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00521-00211144-00211416": "You can look at things like the total amount of lipids.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00522-00211416-00211863": "When we do that here we actually see the highest of one of the agro-pastoralist groups, or", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00523-00211863-00212066": "you can look at the relative composition.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00524-00212066-00212801": "We see that triglycerides very low in the hunter-gatherers and very high in the pastoralists.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00525-00212801-00213016": "We then looked at untargeted metabolomic.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00526-00213016-00213240": "You can detect about 4,000 metabolites.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00527-00213240-00213799": "And, again, if we label these based on diet we're seeing pretty striking differences.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00528-00213799-00214517": "Here's the pastoralists, agriculturalists, and agro-pastoralists in red and blue, and", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00529-00214517-00215109": "then the hunter-gatherers in the red here.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00530-00215109-00215554": "And here if we just focus on the named compounds of which there are about 300, again, we can", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00531-00215554-00216063": "clearly distinguish based on diet, and we also see differences amongst ethnic groups.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00532-00216063-00216286": "So as I said, hot off the press.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00533-00216286-00216669": "Now the next part is to do a more detailed analysis and integrate it with the genetic", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00534-00216669-00216769": "data.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00535-00216769-00217167": "I'm super excited about what we're going to find from this.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00536-00217167-00217771": "So last part of my talk I want to talk about our studies of looking at genetic signatures", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00537-00217771-00218117": "and natural selection adaptation in Africa.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00538-00218117-00218589": "This is important both to learn about human evolutionary history but also because mutations", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00539-00218589-00219031": "associated with disease in modern populations have been -- it’s been hypothesized that", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00540-00219031-00219299": "maybe they're adaptive in the past and maybe that's why they're so common.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00541-00219299-00219678": "So if we can find them that gives us a clue about disease risk.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00542-00219678-00219942": "Now here are some substantive populations we've looked at.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00543-00219942-00220341": "Some are at high altitude, low altitude, very different diets, very different infectious", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00544-00220341-00220523": "disease exposures.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00545-00220523-00220796": "So they've undergone local adaptation most likely.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00546-00220796-00221296": "I'll briefly mention sort of a classic example, which is the genetic basis of lactose tolerance", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00547-00221296-00221623": "done by Alessia Ranciaro in my lab.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00548-00221623-00222176": "So the ability to drink milk as adults or lactose tolerance is long been known by anthropologists", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00549-00222176-00222331": "to be an adaptive trait.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00550-00222331-00222767": "Most mammals can't drink milk as adults and most of the world's population can't milk", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00551-00222767-00222867": "as adults.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00552-00222867-00223267": "Only in people whose ancestors practiced dairy [spelled phonetically] are they able to do", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00553-00223267-00223367": "that.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00554-00223367-00223954": "So mainly we see it really common in Northern Europe and then less common in Middle East,", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00555-00223954-00224610": "not common in East Asia, not common in Native Americans, not common in most West Africans,", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00556-00224610-00225253": "which is why it's also not common in African-Americans, lactose tolerance that is, but we do this", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00557-00225253-00225673": "to be common in East African pastoralists.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00558-00225673-00226052": "And in 2002 there was a beautiful study by Leena Peltonen’s group.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00559-00226052-00226498": "They found a genetic variant near the lactase gene.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00560-00226498-00226636": "It's a regulatory variant.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00561-00226636-00226873": "It's altering gene expression in Europeans.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00562-00226873-00227148": "So we sequenced that region in Africans and they didn't have it.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00563-00227148-00227359": "So we knew that they had to have something else.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00564-00227359-00227939": "So we gave them a lactose tolerance test where basically we give them the sugar lactose,", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00565-00227939-00228373": "and everybody drinks this at one time, and then we use just a diabetes monitoring kit,", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00566-00228373-00228890": "and you look at the blood glucose levels.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00567-00228890-00229106": "That's actually more challenging than you might think.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00568-00229106-00229253": "They have very callused hands.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00569-00229253-00229474": "It's sometimes hard to do that, and it is a timed test.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00570-00229474-00229781": "You do this every 20 minutes over about an hour and half.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00571-00229781-00230228": "And then you look at the maximum rise in blood sugar, and that's how you characterize their", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00572-00230228-00230335": "lactose tolerant.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00573-00230335-00230492": "And then we sequenced this region.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00574-00230492-00231121": "We look for associations, and we found three novel variants very close to the variant associated", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00575-00231121-00231329": "with lactose tolerance in Europeans.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00576-00231329-00231823": "And these are all located about 14,000 base pairs upstream of lactase.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00577-00231823-00232347": "Now more recently Alessia looked at the distribution of these variants in globally diverse populations,", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00578-00232347-00232971": "and what's striking is the most common one we see at position 1410 is really specific", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00579-00232971-00233096": "to Kenya and Tanzania.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00580-00233096-00233551": "We see it a bit in Southern Africa where we think it was introduced by migration.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00581-00233551-00233802": "The southern variant appears over risen in the Middle East.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00582-00233802-00234275": "It was introduced by migration into the Horn of Africa, and another variant seems to have", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00583-00234275-00234432": "arisen in the Horn of Africa.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00584-00234432-00234805": "So again, take home point, you can have functionally important variants, they arose through the", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00585-00234805-00235251": "natural selection, and they can be geographically restricted.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00586-00235251-00235606": "We also a whopping signature of natural selection.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00587-00235606-00236081": "If you simply plot, and these are individual who are homozygous for the allele associated", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00588-00236081-00236561": "with lactose tolerance, and if you look at genetic variants over three million base pairs,", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00589-00236561-00236840": "and if they are homozygous you just draw them as a solid line.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00590-00236840-00237117": "When they're not homozygous you stop the line.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00591-00237117-00237533": "We see homozygosity extending about two million base pairs.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00592-00237533-00237998": "If you look at the chromosomes that have the ancestral allele, it extends about 1,800 base", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00593-00237998-00238098": "pairs.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00594-00238098-00238591": "So there's been this rapid sweep of chromosomes that have that variant, and leaving a really", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00595-00238591-00239227": "striking signature, and we can use computational approaches to estimate the age of this mutation", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00596-00239227-00239590": "to be somewhere between 3,000 to 7,000 years old.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00597-00239590-00240144": "By contrast, the European mutation we estimated to be about 9,000 years old, which corresponds", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00598-00240144-00240641": "really well with the archeological data for the origins of cattle domestication to be", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00599-00240641-00241151": "about 8,000 to 10,000 years in North Africa and the Middle East, but it wasn't introduced", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00600-00241151-00241465": "south of the Saharan Desert until about 5,000 years ago.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00601-00241465-00241788": "So a striking example of gene culture co-evolution.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00602-00241788-00242185": "But that's a Mendelian trait.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00603-00242185-00242444": "We can say that Mendelian traits are the low hanging fruits.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00604-00242444-00242734": "So let's look at a really complex trait.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00605-00242734-00242871": "Let's go for height.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00606-00242871-00243338": "One of the most complex traits we know about, at least in Europeans, highly heritable, studies", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00607-00243338-00243800": "done now, tens of thousands, hundreds of thousands of Europeans show that there are hundreds", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00608-00243800-00244284": "of loci involved, most of them of timing effect.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00609-00244284-00244904": "As I mentioned in Africa we see a really broad range in height from very short statured Central", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00610-00244904-00245382": "African hunter-gatherers, commonly referred to as Pygmies, to very tall and thin pastoralists", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00611-00245382-00245873": "in East Africa, and it's thought that this may be adaptive to different environments.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00612-00245873-00246240": "So I'm going to tell you about our studies of a genetic basis of short stature in Central", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00613-00246240-00246361": "African Pygmies.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00614-00246361-00246680": "The distribution of these groups are shown in gray.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00615-00246680-00247178": "There's typically divided into two groups: the Eastern Pygmies and the Western.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00616-00247178-00247835": "We focused on three groups in Cameroon, whose menial height is 152 centimeters, and we looked", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00617-00247835-00248444": "at the neighboring Bantu speaking agriculturalists who are considerably taller.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00618-00248444-00249024": "Now there’s been all kinds of theories about why might there be selection for short stature,", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00619-00249024-00249596": "but I'm going to focus on the last one, which had to do with a demographic study that showed", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00620-00249596-00249977": "that Pygmies, all Pygmy groups -- this trait actually arose around the world.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00621-00249977-00250228": "We see this in the Philippines, Papua New Guinea.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00622-00250228-00250473": "We see it in the Amazon.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00623-00250473-00250919": "And what they all have in common is that they die at a really, really young age.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00624-00250919-00251471": "So the chance of living to age 15 in this group that we're studying is about 40 percent.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00625-00251471-00252157": "If they make it to age 15 the expectant lifespan, according to this research, is 24 to 25 years", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00626-00252157-00252444": "of age.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00627-00252444-00252578": "And it's really remarkable.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00628-00252578-00252996": "So they're largely dying from infectious disease, but there are some other hazards of this lifestyle,", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00629-00252996-00253281": "like falling out of trees as well.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00630-00253281-00253746": "And if they're dying at that young of an age, there may be selection to reproduce at a younger", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00631-00253746-00254151": "age, and that's what they showed is that they were reproducing at a significantly younger", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00632-00254151-00254251": "age.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00633-00254251-00254596": "Now it's thought -- this has been debated, but some people have argued that there's a", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00634-00254596-00255259": "lack of an adolescent growth spurt in this population, and that could be then a trade", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00635-00255259-00255707": "off, that if you're having earlier reproduction maybe it's at the expense of not having this", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00636-00255707-00256078": "adolescent growth spurt, but we still need to do more work on that.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00637-00256078-00256444": "There have been very few physiologic studies done.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00638-00256444-00256946": "Most of them were in the like 1980s on a handful of individuals, but they've all shown disruption", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00639-00256946-00257125": "of the growth hormone IGF1 pathways.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00640-00257125-00257877": "So we're talking about a very different physiologic mechanism than what we see in Europeans, common", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00641-00257877-00258200": "for differences in amongst Europeans in height.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00642-00258200-00258544": "So if we look at the ancestry, here are the Pygmies.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00643-00258544-00259080": "They have a lot of admixture with the neighboring Bantu agriculturalists.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00644-00259080-00259342": "And their height is strongly correlated with that admixture.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00645-00259342-00259741": "So the more Pygmy ancestry you have the shorter you are, and the more Bantu ancestry you have", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00646-00259741-00259885": "the taller you are.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00647-00259885-00260506": "Very consistent with this being a genetically influenced trait.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00648-00260506-00260890": "We then wanted to see how did the genomes of the Pygmy hunter-gatherers compare to those", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00649-00260890-00261365": "of Bantu agriculturalists and Maasai pastoralists.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00650-00261365-00261909": "And we did all kinds of tests for scans selection, and I won't get into those, but just the places", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00651-00261909-00262341": "where we saw them in the genome are shown here, and what we noticed was a cluster on", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00652-00262341-00262578": "chromosome 3.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00653-00262578-00262708": "And we have almost no power.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00654-00262708-00262861": "This is a tiny population.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00655-00262861-00263282": "And this is a general problem when looking at minority populations, particularly ingenious", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00656-00263282-00264003": "populations, we will never have sample sizes at the level that we do in urban populations,", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00657-00264003-00264148": "but we can still get information.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00658-00264148-00264636": "And in this particularly case because we hypothesized that this is an adaptive trait, if we just", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00659-00264636-00265098": "focus in on those regions that we identified as being targets of selection and then do", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00660-00265098-00265408": "an association with height, we have much more power.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00661-00265408-00265981": "And in fact we were able to find some significant associations, and several were in this 15", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00662-00265981-00266459": "mega base region on chromosome 3, and they encompass several genes.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00663-00266459-00266842": "One of them is DOCK3, associated with height in non-Africans.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00664-00266842-00267405": "CISH, a member of -- plays a very important role in IL-2 signaling, and has been shown", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00665-00267405-00267839": "to be associated with resistance to a number of infectious diseases.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00666-00267839-00268521": "And it turns out that when CISH is over expressed it shuts down human growth hormone receptor.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00667-00268521-00268889": "So that made me wonder could there be selection for immune function because that's one of", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00668-00268889-00269409": "the reasons they're dying so young, and maybe that's indirectly altering and influencing", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00669-00269409-00269688": "height.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00670-00269688-00269913": "We then -- I think this is out of order.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00671-00269913-00270254": "I think I skipped a slide.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00672-00270254-00270661": "We then did whole genome sequencing, and we looked for regions of the genome that are", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00673-00270661-00271277": "highly differentiated, and we saw that these tend to be regions enriched for pathways that", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00674-00271277-00271830": "include genes involved in neuroendocrine signaling, reproduction, metabolism, and immune function.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00675-00271830-00272497": "And interestingly we see an enrichment for genes that play a role in pituitary function.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00676-00272497-00272898": "So these are some of the genes that stood out as being very differentiated specifically", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00677-00272898-00272998": "in this Pygmy population.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00678-00272998-00273367": "I find that kind of intriguing that they're all -- it's like a bunch of arrows pointing", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00679-00273367-00273611": "in that direction.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00680-00273611-00274139": "One of the top hits was thyrotropin releasing hormone receptor.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00681-00274139-00274608": "And I thought that was interesting because I've spoken with anthropologists who noted", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00682-00274608-00275330": "that Pygmies don't get goiter to the same extent as the neighboring Bantu populations.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00683-00275330-00275797": "And it made me wonder is there something different about thyroid function in this population?", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00684-00275797-00276247": "Could it maybe be even a biological adaptation to a low iodine environment?", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00685-00276247-00276741": "But again, it has pleiotropic effects, and it could be affecting other things, like growth,", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00686-00276741-00277066": "thermal regulation, reproduction, and immune response.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00687-00277066-00277204": "This was supposed to have come earlier.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00688-00277204-00277307": "I apologize.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00689-00277307-00277756": "This was just to show that we got this data from sequencing.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00690-00277756-00278396": "And when we looked from that sequencing study, for variants that were very common in the", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00691-00278396-00278898": "Pygmies and specific or close to specific to being in that population, we found about", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00692-00278898-00279118": "25 clusters.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00693-00279118-00279661": "And one of the biggest was right in that chromosome 3 region, but we missed it.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00694-00279661-00279944": "We did not find it in the other study.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00695-00279944-00280664": "And that’s because it makes these variants are at 100 percent LD over almost 200,000", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00696-00280664-00281244": "base pairs, and it's essentially a Pygmy specific haplotype, and the illumina array didn't tag", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00697-00281244-00281681": "it so we didn't find it if we hadn't had done sequencing.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00698-00281681-00282168": "And interestingly it encompasses this gene called HESX1, and there's a nonsynonymous", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00699-00282168-00282268": "variant.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00700-00282268-00282728": "This is interesting because that gene plays an important role in development of the anterior", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00701-00282728-00283057": "pituitary site of production of growth hormone.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00702-00283057-00283543": "This nonsynonymous variant, however, is common at about 20 percent frequency in other African", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00703-00283543-00283643": "groups.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00704-00283643-00284031": "So we suspect there's important regulatory regions flanking this, and we're following", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00705-00284031-00284158": "up on that.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00706-00284158-00284998": "The other variants we found are about 300,000 base pairs upstream of POUF1, which is known", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00707-00284998-00285169": "as PIT-1 in mouse [spelled phonetically].", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00708-00285169-00285810": "That is the transcription factor that is keyed for regulating growth hormone expression.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00709-00285810-00285951": "These were very differentiated.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00710-00285951-00286600": "When we genotyped them in a larger set of samples we found an association with stature.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00711-00286600-00287250": "So our hypothesis is that there are alteration in the growth hormone IGF1 pathway that are", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00712-00287250-00287350": "important.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00713-00287350-00287926": "They may be influencing pituitary function, and it could be that short stature is a by-product", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00714-00287926-00288238": "of selection acting on pleiotropic loci.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00715-00288238-00288656": "So if we look at this pathway, here's our candidate genes, the growth hormone pathway", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00716-00288656-00289326": "-- the growth hormone results in an increase of IGF1 expression from the liver.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00717-00289326-00289765": "That triggers off expression of these genes that play a role in bone growth, but it's", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00718-00289765-00290380": "also important for insulin metabolism, fat metabolism, and infectious disease alters", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00719-00290380-00290765": "cytokines, and those cytokines are often regulating gene expression.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00720-00290765-00290945": "We just went to Cameroon.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00721-00290945-00291389": "We are going to measure all of these intermediate traits to better understand what may be this", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00722-00291389-00291682": "co-adaptive complex in this population.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00723-00291682-00292240": "All right, my last like three minutes or something, three to five minutes, I'm going to talk about", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00724-00292240-00292751": "a commentary, a perspective piece that I wrote with my colleagues Michael Yudell, Dorothy", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00725-00292751-00293294": "Roberts, and Rob DeSalle that was published in \"Science\" not long ago, but seems to have", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00726-00293294-00293488": "had a pretty big impact.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00727-00293488-00294108": "The title was \"Taking Race Out of Human Genetics,\" and apparently people -- this was kind of", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00728-00294108-00294333": "a controversial figure that \"Science\" put together.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00729-00294333-00294695": "We're going to shred up, you know, this concept of race.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00730-00294695-00295072": "Now what we didn't mean to say is that there's no differences, and we didn't mean to say", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00731-00295072-00295586": "that it's not important to study different ethnic groups in genomics research.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00732-00295586-00296241": "But the problem is that when biomedical researchers talk about race, they often are implying a", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00733-00296241-00296854": "biological classification, and there's been a lot of problems with biological classifications", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00734-00296854-00296991": "of race.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00735-00296991-00297534": "They've been used for a number of bad things, including eugenics, justification for genocide.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00736-00297534-00298079": "For example, the Holocaust, colonialism, slavery, and many other social inequities.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00737-00298079-00298801": "And the problem is with using race as an identifier is that there's just no clear definition.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00738-00298801-00299200": "I challenge you to come up with a definition of race because we’ve talked about this", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00739-00299200-00299501": "at many different workshops and we never can.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00740-00299501-00300193": "And this because it is typically classified on both socio-cultural and biological characteristics.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00741-00300193-00300643": "As I hope I've shown you in my talk, it does not correlate with patterns of population", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00742-00300643-00300828": "structure inferred from genetic data.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00743-00300828-00301378": "They don't form these clusters that correspond with what, you know, we or the Census Bureau", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00744-00301378-00301825": "is referring to as races of, at least in the U.S. population.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00745-00301825-00302123": "Now we know that ethnic groups differ of risk of disease.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00746-00302123-00302746": "In fact, that's a classic example of a genetic trait, genetic disease, that they tend to", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00747-00302746-00303063": "differ in prevalence in ethnic groups.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00748-00303063-00303433": "But we know that people whose ancestors lived in different environments have been subject", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00749-00303433-00303849": "to different selective forces and different demographic histories.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00750-00303849-00304443": "Some diseases may be influenced, as I've shown you, by geographically restricted alleles,", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00751-00304443-00304989": "and inclusion of ethnically diverse populations is important for distinguishing pathogenic", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00752-00304989-00305421": "from nonpathogenic variation because particularly nowadays we're doing all this sequencing and", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00753-00305421-00305928": "precision medicine, and you can imagine you're sequencing a genome, maybe there's an orphan", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00754-00305928-00306306": "disease, whatever, you see a variant isn't pathogenic.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00755-00306306-00306555": "You look at the database and you say, \"I've never seen this before.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00756-00306555-00306722": "It must be pathogenic.\"", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00757-00306722-00307172": "Not necessarily because if you look in Africans there's a good chance you may see it.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00758-00307172-00307561": "So, you know, it's going to be important for that as well.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00759-00307561-00308060": "And information about individual ancestry can be provide, in my opinion, important medical", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00760-00308060-00308644": "information for both diagnosis and treatment, but we have to be wary of racial profiling", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00761-00308644-00308950": "and ignoring the continuous nature of variation in admixture.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00762-00308950-00309557": "So, for example, you know, cystic fibrosis is very common in Europeans, but in the African-American", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00763-00309557-00309986": "community there's a lot of admixture with Europeans, so someone who self-identifies", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00764-00309986-00310407": "as African-American may have that variant.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00765-00310407-00310796": "We can't make generalizations based on continental region of origin because there could be a", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00766-00310796-00311175": "lot of variation amongst populations within a region like Africa.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00767-00311175-00311573": "And very importantly people differ on prevalence of disease not just due to genetic factors", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00768-00311573-00312126": "but due to environmental factors, and a key issue is to disentangle these factors and", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00769-00312126-00312283": "their interaction.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00770-00312283-00312615": "So the goal should be personalized medicine.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00771-00312615-00312978": "Information about race can be important if you're trying to distinguish socio-cultural", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00772-00312978-00313558": "and environmental risk factors for health disparities, but my argument would be depending", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00773-00313558-00313984": "on the study, depending on the question that you're looking at, get more detailed information,", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00774-00313984-00314188": "be as detailed as you possibly can.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00775-00314188-00314685": "You might want to talk about ethnicity, geographic ancestry, religion if there's looking at a", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00776-00314685-00314927": "disease that's common in, say, Ashkenazi Jews.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00777-00314927-00315285": "It depends on what you're looking at, but more information is better.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00778-00315285-00315420": "I'll just end with that.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00779-00315420-00316058": "Thanks to the many, many people who contributed and of course all the funding institutes including", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00780-00316058-00316623": "here at NIH, and particular thanks to all the people in Africa who contributed.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00781-00316623-00316775": "Thanks.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00782-00316775-00316927": "[applause]", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00783-00316927-00317594": "And I’m happy to answer any questions that you may have.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00784-00317594-00317831": "Don't be shy.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00785-00317831-00318389": "I know there's got to be some.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00786-00318389-00318829": "Male Speaker: Do you have any data about Neanderthals out", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00787-00318829-00318929": "of Africa?", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00788-00318929-00319150": "Did they come out of Africa at an earlier reiteration?", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00789-00319150-00319297": "Or where did they start?", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00790-00319297-00319760": "Sarah Tishkoff: So the fossil record shows Neanderthals present", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00791-00319760-00320323": "in Eurasia I think roughly 400,000, 300,000 to 400,000 years ago.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00792-00320323-00320724": "My understanding is that people think that there may have been an original split, possibly", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00793-00320724-00320841": "in Africa.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00794-00320841-00321005": "The ancestors might have migrated out.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00795-00321005-00321547": "So there was a divergence more than 400,000 years ago, and then they migrated into that", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00796-00321547-00321660": "region.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00797-00321660-00321760": "That's my understanding.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00798-00321760-00322340": "But at the same time, then again, the species preceding modern humans, Homo erectus, we", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00799-00322340-00322716": "know that Homo erectus left Africa a long time ago.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00800-00322716-00323001": "I think 1.8 million years ago there's evidence for that.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00801-00323001-00323567": "In fact, the history of the homo lineage is that we like to migrate long distances.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00802-00323567-00323767": "There's been multiple migrations out of Africa.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00803-00323767-00324244": "So that species, Homo erectus, left Africa 1.8 million years ago and then evolved into", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00804-00324244-00324355": "different archaic populations.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00805-00324355-00324752": "That’s probably the origin of Denisovans, possibly Neanderthals as well.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00806-00324752-00324943": "I'm not as knowledge about that.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00807-00324943-00325365": "And then this group that was on the island of Flores, that was like a very short statured", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00808-00325365-00325731": "group with a small, you know, head and small brain.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00809-00325731-00326151": "And they appear to have -- that lineage may have diverged off even a million years ago.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00810-00326151-00326441": "They might have been on that island for a million years, and they were walking around", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00811-00326441-00326967": "until about 15,000, 20,000 years ago.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00812-00326967-00327445": "Male Speaker: Okay, thank you.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00813-00327445-00327641": "Eric Green: Sarah, you said something I hadn't quite appreciated", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00814-00327641-00328359": "before, which is that like in the case of Angola where we know a lot of people came", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00815-00328359-00329085": "from originally but we have not captured that genomic diversity because it's hard to get", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00816-00329085-00329398": "into that country to do the studies.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00817-00329398-00329723": "And that probably applies, I would imagine, for a number of other countries for other", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00818-00329723-00329970": "applications, especially in Africa.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00819-00329970-00330673": "Are there any systematic attempts to try to contact and enlist individuals who have left", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00820-00330673-00330930": "countries like that fairly recently?", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00821-00330930-00331240": "So if we can’t get into the country, can we get the few -- the handful of people that", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00822-00331240-00331381": "have come out of that country to participate?", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00823-00331381-00331640": "Sarah Tishkoff: That's a great idea.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00824-00331640-00331785": "I'm not aware of any such efforts.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00825-00331785-00332206": "I think, you know, of course, in the U.S. we have a lot of people, recent immigrants", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00826-00332206-00332432": "from Africa, and that's another problem.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00827-00332432-00332890": "Again, when people use classifications like black, you know, and that could represent", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00828-00332890-00333236": "people from all over Africa who have had very diverse ancestries.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00829-00333236-00333723": "I think that might be a great idea actually to try to identify people of that ancestry", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00830-00333723-00334083": "or coming from that region, I should say.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00831-00334083-00334183": "Yes.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00832-00334183-00334316": "Oh, I'm sorry.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00833-00334316-00334416": "Yes.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00834-00334416-00334754": "Female Speaker: So I know some of this data that you're going", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00835-00334754-00335194": "to integrate with the genomics is just hot off the presses, but I'm interested in how", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00836-00335194-00335850": "you're going to approach the question of causality in these populations where so frequently ancestry", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00837-00335850-00336127": "and lifestyle are intrinsically linked.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00838-00336127-00336260": "Sarah Tishkoff: Oh, yeah.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00839-00336260-00336360": "Yep.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00840-00336360-00336486": "That's going to be the big challenge, clearly.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00841-00336486-00336871": "And I think one of the ways we might be able to tease it apart is I was mentioning that", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00842-00336871-00337369": "for several of these groups, like the pastoralists for example, we have pastoralists --people", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00843-00337369-00337835": "who have a very similar diet, let's say, but they have very different genetic ancestry.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00844-00337835-00338188": "That might be one way we can start to disentangle this.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00845-00338188-00338650": "It's a big challenge generally when you have traits that are associated with ancestry,", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00846-00338650-00339139": "right, because we try to knock that out when we do metabolite association studies, and", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00847-00339139-00339569": "I worry we're throwing the baby out with the bathwater because I think we actually may", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00848-00339569-00339947": "be mission important regions because were overly correcting for structure, but those", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00849-00339947-00340160": "might actually be the interesting regions.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00850-00340160-00340571": "And the other thing, though, is there's a lot of admixture in many, you know, actually", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00851-00340571-00340713": "in most of the groups in Africa.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00852-00340713-00341156": "So I'm thinking from that admixture we might be able to have some success at trying to", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00853-00341156-00341536": "map some of these variants that are playing a role in these traits.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00854-00341536-00341918": "The other thing for the metabolomics, some of them, I didn't show this, but some of our", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00855-00341918-00342390": "earlier studies, we were able to find metabolites that were clearly due to environmental exposure.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00856-00342390-00343075": "So we found differences between Ethiopians and Tanzanians for something called indica,", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00857-00343075-00343545": "and it's from a plant called indigofera, and it turns out that the people in Tanzania,", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00858-00343545-00343840": "the Maasai use the branches as a toothbrush.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00859-00343840-00344151": "It's also used for medicinal purposes, and it's super common in Tanzania.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00860-00344151-00344681": "So that's almost certainly due to an external source, but it'll be interesting to also look", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00861-00344681-00345078": "at metabolites that are not due to an external source.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00862-00345078-00345551": "And we can even infer by looking at ratios of metabolites and pathways, doing a pathway", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00863-00345551-00346241": "analyses, indirectly infer enzyme function, I guess you could say.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00864-00346241-00346516": "Female Speaker: Thank you very much for that really interesting", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00865-00346516-00346665": "talk.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00866-00346665-00347446": "There's an observation in the field in which I work, which is organ transplantation, that", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00867-00347446-00348066": "African-American recipients do much worse, have much worse outcomes regardless of the", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00868-00348066-00348253": "organ transferred.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00869-00348253-00349151": "So could the variation, the wider variation, genetic variation account for this?", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00870-00349151-00349718": "And if so by what kind of pathways and how would one go about studying this?", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00871-00349718-00349911": "Sarah Tishkoff: That's a good question.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00872-00349911-00350302": "And I think, you know, so I assume you're saying that even someone of African-American", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00873-00350302-00350822": "ancestry gets a transplant from someone else who identifies as African-American ancestry,", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00874-00350822-00351236": "is that -- and you're saying even then there tends to be more complications?", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00875-00351236-00351400": "So, again, I'm not that knowledgeable.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00876-00351400-00351886": "All I know is that HLA plays an important role, and I know there's a huge amount of", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00877-00351886-00352069": "variation in HLA.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00878-00352069-00352545": "And, again, we've talked about this individual variation that what if at the loci that one", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00879-00352545-00352845": "individual has more kind of European ancestry than African.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00880-00352845-00353324": "That could be one source, but amongst African populations we know there's a lot of variation.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00881-00353324-00353885": "And in fact that comes up most of our scans of selection, right, because HLA of course", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00882-00353885-00354290": "plays an important role in resistance to infectious disease.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00883-00354290-00354774": "And so I'm sure it's a source of or a target of selection.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00884-00354774-00355048": "We just don’t know that much about HLA variations.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00885-00355048-00355381": "So myself and other groups are interested in characterizing that more.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00886-00355381-00355598": "So I think, hopefully, we'll find out more soon.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00887-00355598-00355698": "Yeah.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00888-00355698-00355846": "Female Speaker: Hi.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00889-00355846-00356357": "You mentioned at the very beginning of the talk how many of these African populations", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00890-00356357-00356936": "have very different, very wide variations in skin tone even though they’re all greatly", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00891-00356936-00357150": "exposed to sunny UV rays.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00892-00357150-00357316": "Sarah Tishkoff: Not all.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00893-00357316-00357478": "It's quite variable actually.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00894-00357478-00357578": "Female Speaker: Okay.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00895-00357578-00358153": "Have you noticed any difference in functional vitamin D with respect to these differences", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00896-00358153-00358253": "in skin tone?", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00897-00358253-00358353": "Sarah Tishkoff: I didn’t show that.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00898-00358353-00358453": "I started to measure it.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00899-00358453-00358819": "I did just like a preliminary analysis on about 300 people, and I found completely the", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00900-00358819-00359072": "opposite of what I was expecting to find.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00901-00359072-00359642": "So the hypothesis of vitamin D is that when humans migrated out of Africa -- so there", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00902-00359642-00360121": "would be adaptation for dark skin in Africa for obvious reasons, you know, strong UV exposure,", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00903-00360121-00360503": "protection against melanoma, also UV can degrade fully, right?", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00904-00360503-00360711": "So we can see why there would be selection for dark skin.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00905-00360711-00360869": "And then people migrated out of Africa.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00906-00360869-00361464": "They go to regions with less UV, but UV is also important for production of vitamin D.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00907-00361464-00361833": "And so there might have been selection for lighter skin.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00908-00361833-00362047": "And if I’m -- let’s see if I remember this correctly.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00909-00362047-00362540": "So you might predict then that people with darker skin might have lower vitamin D levels,", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00910-00362540-00362998": "and when I looked in the Eastern African populations I found the opposite.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00911-00362998-00363558": "I found the Nilo-Saharans, the darkly pigmented individuals, had really high vitamin D compared", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00912-00363558-00363928": "to the more lightly pigmented individuals that tend to be a little bit more on the north", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00913-00363928-00364036": "of Ethiopia.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00914-00364036-00364250": "Now, I don’t know if that's a dietary.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00915-00364250-00364691": "I don't know if it has to do with, you know, they don't wear a lot of clothes many of these", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00916-00364691-00365034": "pastoralists groups we're studying, whereas the people in the north are completely covered.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00917-00365034-00365134": "I don't know.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00918-00365134-00365528": "But I found that intriguing that I didn’t see what I was expecting to see.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00919-00365528-00365635": "Male Speaker: Interesting.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00920-00365635-00365779": "Female Speaker: Thank you.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00921-00365779-00365958": "Male Speaker: That was great.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00922-00365958-00366483": "You mentioned that you take a lot of effort into giving information back to the communities,", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00923-00366483-00366609": "and they enjoy that.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00924-00366609-00367111": "I'm curious to see if there’s any topics that you gave back that wasn't well accepted", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00925-00367111-00367594": "by the communities, such as maybe relationships to other parts of the --", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00926-00367594-00367747": "Sarah Tishkoff: Oh, no, no, no.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00927-00367747-00367853": "They didn't mind that at all.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00928-00367853-00368301": "I mean, I'm sure it's a cultural thing because I know there's a lot of concern in Native", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00929-00368301-00368792": "American populations about ancestry, they don't want to be told this is their ancestry", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00930-00368792-00369119": "because they already know their ancestry; they know their story.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00931-00369119-00369482": "I've honestly found the opposite in many of the African groups that we've worked with.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00932-00369482-00369658": "That was what they were most interested in.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00933-00369658-00369758": "Male Speaker: Great.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00934-00369758-00369893": "Sarah Tishkoff: They were so interested, and we would talk", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00935-00369893-00370496": "about, particularly my Kenyan student Jibril Hirbo, when he went back to Kenya, he went", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00936-00370496-00370877": "to 22 different populations and he would sit down with them, and they would discuss their", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00937-00370877-00371381": "oral history, and sort of how does this, you know, genetic data match or not match with", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00938-00371381-00371481": "your oral history.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00939-00371481-00371581": "And they loved it.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00940-00371581-00371913": "I mean, at least the ones we met didn't have a problem with that.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00941-00371913-00372413": "We don't return results, obviously, anything that can indicate paternity, no individual", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00942-00372413-00372703": "results or that sort of thing.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00943-00372703-00372857": "But we keep them updated regularly.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00944-00372857-00373238": "So we'll have to see for future studies how they feel.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00945-00373238-00373367": "Male Speaker: Thanks.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00946-00373367-00373581": "Female Speaker: Hi, Dr. Tishkoff.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00947-00373581-00374172": "My question is about your opinion on -- I don't know what other term to use other than", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00948-00374172-00374472": "like race based drugs like BiDil.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00949-00374472-00375298": "And as an extension on that what your opinion is on how the precision medicine movement", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00950-00375298-00376243": "can avoid the slippery slope of that genre of medicines and further contributing to the", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00951-00376243-00376518": "polarization of race in this country.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00952-00376518-00376639": "Sarah Tishkoff: Right.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00953-00376639-00377075": "So in theory, hopefully it'll do exactly the opposite because, I mean, the goal is going", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00954-00377075-00377486": "to be base it hopefully more on the individualized genome.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00955-00377486-00378168": "I think the most important thing will be to include as much diversity as possible and", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00956-00378168-00378657": "to look at drugs that are effective in people with all kinds of genetic backgrounds and", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00957-00378657-00379118": "to target it to the individual depending on what the particular genetic background is", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00958-00379118-00379565": "of that particular region of the genome that is influencing the metabolism.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00959-00379565-00379917": "I don't know if that answers you question or not.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00960-00379917-00380017": "Female Speaker: Yeah, it does.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00961-00380017-00380291": "Sarah Tishkoff: Because my understanding -- that's a complex", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00962-00380291-00380391": "question.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00963-00380391-00380616": "It's my understanding there are things that have to do with like patenting it and if you", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00964-00380616-00381001": "target it towards, you know, this one group than you can't patent it.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00965-00381001-00381424": "Hopefully we avoid that, and we're just looking at things that are effective in large groups", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00966-00381424-00381632": "-- diverse groups of people.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00967-00381632-00382330": "I'm thinking that the precision medicine initiative is going to help a lot in that way.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00968-00382330-00382463": "Female Speaker: Okay.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00969-00382463-00382563": "Thanks.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00970-00382563-00382814": "Martin Mendoza: Thanks again to Dr. Tishkoff.", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00971-00382814-00383100": "Can we get one more round of applause for her?", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00972-00383100-00383200": "[applause]", "nbdlnIUpiE8-00973-00383200-00383201": "[end of transcript]"}}, {"audio_id": "nbt-RHoJLuQ", "text": {"nbt-RHoJLuQ-00000-00000000-00000528": "hello everyone Samuel here welcome back to another video today we are finding the", "nbt-RHoJLuQ-00001-00000528-00001242": "countries of Asia hopefully everyone enjoyed this video like subscribe and comment on this video", "nbt-RHoJLuQ-00002-00001242-00002502": "let's go to the countries of Asia Russia China India Japan South Korea North Korea Iraq Iran", "nbt-RHoJLuQ-00003-00002664-00003461": "Syria Turkey Azerbaijan Georgia", "nbt-RHoJLuQ-00004-00003714-00004284": "Armenia Lebanon", "nbt-RHoJLuQ-00005-00004614-00005346": "Israel Palestine Jordan Saudi Arabia", "nbt-RHoJLuQ-00006-00005730-00007031": "Yemen Oman United Arab Emirates Qatar Kuwait Bahrain Mongolia Taiwan", "nbt-RHoJLuQ-00007-00007248-00008868": "Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan Tajikistan Uzbekistan Turkmenistan Afghanistan Pakistan", "nbt-RHoJLuQ-00008-00009078-00011022": "Nepal Bhutan Bangladesh Sri Lanka Maldives Myanmar Laos Thailand Cambodia Vietnam Philippines", "nbt-RHoJLuQ-00009-00011256-00011634": "Malaysia Singapore Brunei", "nbt-RHoJLuQ-00010-00011868-00012214": "Indonesia and East Timor I", "nbt-RHoJLuQ-00011-00012480-00013266": "hope everyone enjoyed this video like subscribe and comment on this video for more videos bye"}}, {"audio_id": "nbIJBGWSHN8", "text": {"nbIJBGWSHN8-00000-00000704-00001017": "Hello, I’m Fire Chief Tony Gossner with the Santa Rosa Fire Department.", "nbIJBGWSHN8-00001-00001017-00001593": "The Fire Department has implemented a new Pandemic Response Unit within Santa Rosa.", "nbIJBGWSHN8-00002-00001593-00002131": "The Unit was placed into service this morning, Tuesday, April 14, 2020.", "nbIJBGWSHN8-00003-00002131-00002731": "This Unit, known as Squad 1, will be staffed with one paramedic and one EMT from our Department.", "nbIJBGWSHN8-00004-00002731-00003234": "This is in addition to our normal daily staffing of 10 engines, 2 ladder trucks and a battalion", "nbIJBGWSHN8-00005-00003234-00003603": "chief that protect and serve our community.", "nbIJBGWSHN8-00006-00003603-00003980": "The Pandemic Response Unit is designed to minimize potential Department and community", "nbIJBGWSHN8-00007-00003980-00004503": "exposure to the coronavirus and is stocked with specialized personal protective equipment", "nbIJBGWSHN8-00008-00004503-00004678": "and advanced life support gear.", "nbIJBGWSHN8-00009-00004678-00005046": "The crews assigned to the Unit will follow new operational guidelines that have been", "nbIJBGWSHN8-00010-00005046-00005269": "developed for our Department.", "nbIJBGWSHN8-00011-00005269-00005833": "This includes our response, the level of protection we wear, and how we interact with a patient.", "nbIJBGWSHN8-00012-00005833-00006253": "The team assigned to this Unit will be dedicated to responding to all emergency calls within", "nbIJBGWSHN8-00013-00006253-00006956": "Santa Rosa where coronavirus is suspected or a patient is experiencing flu-like symptoms.", "nbIJBGWSHN8-00014-00006956-00007445": "That means, these staff who are wearing a higher level of personal protective equipment", "nbIJBGWSHN8-00015-00007445-00007995": "will be the primary members of the Santa Rosa Fire Department directly in contact with potentially", "nbIJBGWSHN8-00016-00007995-00008248": "infected patients.", "nbIJBGWSHN8-00017-00008248-00008891": "This team will utilize best practices to minimize contact with potentially-infected patients", "nbIJBGWSHN8-00018-00008891-00009411": "and will decontaminate before leaving the location of any emergency call.", "nbIJBGWSHN8-00019-00009411-00009769": "Our Department is one of the first few agencies in the state of California to establish a", "nbIJBGWSHN8-00020-00009769-00010101": "Unit of this kind in response to the coronavirus.", "nbIJBGWSHN8-00021-00010101-00010656": "Our Pandemic Response Unit is now in service, 24-hours a day, 7 days a week and will remain", "nbIJBGWSHN8-00022-00010656-00011207": "in place for as long as we determine there is a need in our community during the pandemic.", "nbIJBGWSHN8-00023-00011207-00011768": "This is by far the most proactive and innovative method to reduce exposure to the coronavirus", "nbIJBGWSHN8-00024-00011768-00012211": "and limit the possibility of a widespread infection within our community, our Department,", "nbIJBGWSHN8-00025-00012211-00012580": "and the families of our staff. Thank you.", "nbIJBGWSHN8-00026-00012668-00013390": "For more information visit srcity.org/preventthespread or call 2-1-1", "nbIJBGWSHN8-00027-00013430-00013838": "Watch local coronavirus updates from the City of Santa Rosa on", "nbIJBGWSHN8-00028-00013841-00014396": "Comcast channel 28 and AT&T Uverse channel 99."}}, {"audio_id": "nbNhwHwo9Lc", "text": {"nbNhwHwo9Lc-00000-00000172-00000934": "Welcome to Hanoi - Vietnam ..!", "nbNhwHwo9Lc-00001-00001034-00001882": "Referring to the spiritual destinations, surely each of us will immediately think of Hanoi.", "nbNhwHwo9Lc-00002-00001994-00002704": "It is not only known as the political center of the country, but also the Buddhist center of the country.", "nbNhwHwo9Lc-00003-00002810-00003665": "Coming to Hanoi, visitors will discover many ancient temples and ancient temples dating back thousands of years. One of them, Soc Xuan Tao Temple, has a long history.", "nbNhwHwo9Lc-00004-00003772-00004558": "Legend has it that the place of St. Giong, after defeating An enemy, stopped here to rest, eat rice, and leave the iron rod.", "nbNhwHwo9Lc-00005-00004664-00005536": "Soc Xuan Tao Temple, associated with the legend of Thanh Giong, before he flew back to heaven, he rode iron horses to the west of West Lake,", "nbNhwHwo9Lc-00006-00005658-00006558": "Thanh Giong stopped at Phuong Hoang mound, now in Xuan Dinh district, Tu Liem district, went to take a bath, rest and eat rice with coffee given by the people ..", "nbNhwHwo9Lc-00007-00006666-00007406": "Soc Xuan Tao Temple is now located at the ancient Phuong Hoang mound, where he left the iron whip ..", "nbNhwHwo9Lc-00008-00007522-00008430": "The temple was built in the Ly dynasty, is a National Historic Site, The ancient books such as Viet U U Palace, Linh Nam Chinh Monster, Dai Nam Nhat Thong Chi, all talk a lot about Soc Thien Vuong Temple.", "nbNhwHwo9Lc-00009-00008544-00009402": "In the Ly dynasty, the temple sacrifices were considered to be the International, the King and the Ministry of Ceremonies came to the temple to pray for peace.", "nbNhwHwo9Lc-00010-00009518-00010438": "On the 7th of January, every year is a big festival of the people of Tay Ho, and Thang Long in the past, Giong Xuan Tao took place in 2 days, 5 and 6, of which 6 is the main festival.", "nbNhwHwo9Lc-00011-00010556-00011690": "With the procession of Holy Communion, which attracts a great deal of interest from the people, with the procession of taking the holy procession around the streets, and then returning to the temple, is one of the main parts of the Soc Xuan Tao festival.", "nbNhwHwo9Lc-00012-00011816-00012736": "Giong Thien Vuong festival is still maintained, respected and preserved by the people here."}}, {"audio_id": "nc5k7VRBuJ0", "text": {"nc5k7VRBuJ0-00000-00000000-00000910": "President Putin and I have agreed that about $1.5 billion will be allocated for these integration projects.", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00001-00000910-00001043": "Those are joint projects.", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00002-00001043-00001563": "They benefit both Russia and us. Russia benefits even more than we do.", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00003-00001563-00001900": "This is why Russia lends money for these projects.", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00004-00001900-00002119": "What is the state of affairs?", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00005-00002119-00002503": "After the Fact: Lukashenko's Decisions", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00006-00002503-00003013": "The other day Aleksandr Lukashenko announced he would meet with his Russian counterpart Vladimir Putin.", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00007-00003013-00003493": "The implementation of integration projects is likely to become one of the topics of the presidents' talks.", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00008-00003493-00003685": "The sides had previously agreed that", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00009-00003685-00004262": "Russia would lend $1.5 billion to Belarus for manufacturing import-substituting products.", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00010-00004262-00004639": "What goods will Belarus produce at Russia’s request?", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00011-00004639-00004873": "Who really benefits from it?", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00012-00004873-00005202": "Why is it better for both countries not to stop there?", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00013-00005202-00005394": "Let's try to figure it out.", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00014-00005394-00005783": "After the Fact: Lukashenko's Decisions", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00015-00005783-00006031": "Yelena Krylova, BelTA", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00016-00006031-00006356": "Unfortunately or fortunately, life itself has forced Belarus and Russia to jointly take care of import substitution.", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00017-00006397-00006777": "Lukashenko has long been proposing to the Russian side to move in this direction,", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00018-00006777-00007171": "but back in the day Russians thought straightforwardly and did not really think about the future:", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00019-00007171-00007648": "\"We have energy resources, which means we have money. Which means we can buy anything.\"", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00020-00007648-00008144": "And this is quite logical and justified. When you have billions, why bother with trifles?", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00021-00008144-00008467": "Why, figuratively speaking, do you have to reinvent the bicycle", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00022-00008467-00008914": "when the West has already invented it and is ready to deliver it to you in the best possible way?", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00023-00008914-00009194": "But that is valid if you don't think about the long perspective.", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00024-00009194-00009467": "When sanctions hit Russia this year,", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00025-00009467-00009803": "Western companies decided not to take risks and pulled out from the explored market.", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00026-00009803-00010328": "They left the figurative bicycle. But they took the steering wheel, pedals, and chains with them.", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00027-00010328-00010737": "We didn’t really want foreigners to operate here.", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00028-00010808-00011374": "This is why the imposed sanctions didn’t hit us as hard as, say, KamAZ.", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00029-00011482-00011765": "That kind of business was primarily exploited by Germans first of all.", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00030-00011765-00012169": "By the way, we suggested such cooperation options to Russia, too.", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00031-00012169-00012476": "Back then your leaders believed that", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00032-00012476-00013044": "if Germans or Americans came, they would bring amazing technologies and everyone would be so happy.", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00033-00013044-00013426": "After the Fact: Lukashenko's Decisions", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00034-00013426-00013978": "Import substitution had become one of the main items on the negotiating agenda by spring.", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00035-00013978-00014651": "The sides agreed that Belarus, which has broad competencies, could lend a shoulder to Russia in this matter.", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00036-00014651-00015146": "To do this, of course, the republic needs to increase or modernize production.", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00037-00015146-00015650": "The governments prepared their proposals and decided on the approximate volume of required investments.", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00038-00015650-00016307": "Visits of Russian governors could be used as an indicator of how much all these matters really worried Russia.", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00039-00016349-00016887": "They came to Minsk with impressive lists of products that had been previously supplied to their regions by Western partners.", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00040-00016887-00017254": "And now these imports needed substitutes in a hurry.", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00041-00017254-00017624": "We've been seriously preparing for the trip.", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00042-00017624-00018141": "We've scrupulously analyzed the range of products we are interested in.", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00043-00018141-00018464": "Oleg Melnichenko, Governor of Russia's Penza Oblast", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00044-00018464-00018803": "We've had a look at the problems we are having with import substitution.", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00045-00018803-00019608": "A list of about 800 various products has been compiled. We would really like to substitute these imports.", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00046-00019608-00019778": "And Belarus had long been prepared!", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00047-00019778-00020208": "The fact even surprised Prime Minister of Russia Mikhail Mishustin the other day.", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00048-00020208-00020435": "At an agribusiness expo in Moscow Oblast", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00049-00020435-00020944": "he demanded that Russian producers replace all imported components with domestic ones.", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00050-00020944-00021247": "But then it turned out that the components had come from Belarus.", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00051-00021247-00021922": "From Belarus? Very good. In this sense, consider that you have solved the problem.", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00052-00021922-00022272": "This is the Union State, our friends and partners.", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00053-00022272-00022768": "It is now known that Russia will provide Belarus with a preferential loan to the tune of $1.5 billion", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00054-00022768-00022999": "for the implementation of import substitution projects.", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00055-00022999-00023321": "Meanwhile, the republic has much more ambitious ideas.", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00056-00023321-00023665": "\"Many Western companies have left the Russian market,", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00057-00023665-00024211": "but it opened up a multi-billion dollar niche for the Union State in terms of import substitution,\"", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00058-00024211-00024410": "the Economy Ministry believes.", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00059-00024410-00025027": "For example, capabilities of Belarusian furniture makers have been estimated at $400 million up till now.", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00060-00025063-00025409": "With IKEA’s withdrawal from Russia, a market niche as large as $1 billion has opened up.", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00061-00025409-00025614": "And that's just the woodworking industry.", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00062-00025614-00025954": "There are similar examples in the light industry, too.", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00063-00025954-00026532": "For example, today the capacity of the market of footwear, clothing and accessories in Russia is up to $100 billion.", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00064-00026567-00027155": "The substitution potential of Belarusian producers is several times lower – it is estimated at $600 million.", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00065-00027155-00027639": "However, it can be significantly increased if small and medium-sized businesses get involved.", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00066-00027639-00027893": "There are almost 2,000 of them.", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00067-00027893-00028197": "Georgy Grits, professor, candidate of economics", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00068-00028197-00028426": "A number of companies have withdrawn from the Russian market.", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00069-00028426-00028779": "Thank god, there is common sense and there is no mass exodus of foreign companies from Belarus.", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00070-00028779-00028951": "it should be stressed as well.", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00071-00028951-00029359": "But we are talking about hundreds of billions of U.S. dollars.", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00072-00029359-00029681": "A market worth hundreds of billions of U.S. dollars is virtually empty.", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00073-00029681-00030027": "We see focus on projects of the Union State of Belarus and Russia.", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00074-00030027-00030336": "They are focusing on so-called critical imports.", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00075-00030336-00030557": "It is a serious matter indeed.", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00076-00030557-00030948": "The matter requires time, as you say, and resources.", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00077-00030948-00031122": "Considerable resources.", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00078-00031122-00031566": "This is why... Well, I can only quote myself once again and say:", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00079-00031566-00032408": "We need patience and a goal-oriented, targeted industrial policy in accordance with the resources we have today.", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00080-00032408-00033059": "The $1.5 billion Belarus is about to receive will be channeled into the development of existing industries.", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00081-00033059-00033625": "Belarus has proposed more than a dozen projects to Russia, they are going through the approval process.", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00082-00033625-00034280": "Most of the money will be allocated to mechanical engineering enterprises, the rest will be allocated to microelectronics.", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00083-00034280-00034689": "Verification of business plans is underway.", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00084-00034689-00035242": "We are looking at specific projects to find out whether they will be funded or not.", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00085-00035242-00035500": "Only two projects have been authorized already.", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00086-00035500-00036024": "Those are BelAZ (ring-rolling enterprise) and another one.", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00087-00036024-00036609": "$1.2 billion for civilian projects. Another $200 million for military projects.", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00088-00036609-00036812": "Those will be primarily microelectronic projects.", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00089-00036812-00037168": "The rest... Well... Virtually all the projects are mechanical engineering ones.", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00090-00037168-00037485": "As a matter of principle, it is quite a large sum.", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00091-00037485-00037802": "Yegor Chernyavsky, Head of the Central Office for Foreign Economic Relations of the Industry Ministry", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00092-00037802-00038261": "Particularly since we should probably talk not about the size of the sum but about the importance of support in current conditions", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00093-00038261-00039247": "when sanctions-fueled restrictions create rather high barriers for taking out loans", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00094-00039247-00039883": "which had been previously borrowed from Western partners, too.", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00095-00039883-00040197": "In other words, resources are sought-after and very important these days.", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00096-00040197-00040861": "In other words, I'd prefer to talk not about the size of the sum but about the importance and timeliness.", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00097-00040861-00041364": "And, so to speak, I'd prefer to talk about the cost of these credit resources.", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00098-00041364-00042320": "After all, the Russian Federation does not simply grant this money to us but offers it on rather advantageous terms, I'd say.", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00099-00042320-00042847": "I mean the money is offered at rather good interest rates.", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00100-00042847-00043418": "We see that the product we are going to ultimately sell will be competitive.", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00101-00043418-00044017": "BelAZ is building the ring-rolling complex in Orsha at premises of the company’s automatic control equipment plant.", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00102-00044017-00044549": "By the way, Belarus has started financing this project on its own without waiting for the loan.", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00103-00044549-00044977": "Yegor Chernyavsky, Head of the Central Office for Foreign Economic Relations of the Industry Ministry", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00104-00044977-00045290": "One of the projects provides for increasing the output of mining vehicles.", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00105-00045290-00045715": "BelAZ supplied these vehicles to Russia in the past.", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00106-00045715-00046299": "We also had two assembly enterprises.", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00107-00046299-00047014": "An American-Japanese one. And another Japanese one was about to start working.", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00108-00047014-00047320": "These ventures have been shut down.", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00109-00047320-00048227": "Thus, BelAZ has to fill the market capacity and, figuratively speaking, work as hard as three enterprises.", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00110-00048227-00048697": "This is why there is no doubt that this loan is in demand today.", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00111-00048784-00049199": "The same can be said about road construction and maintenance machines, municipal vehicles.", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00112-00049199-00049394": "In other words, all of them are much-needed projects.", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00113-00049394-00050199": "Belarus' machine-building giants – MTZ and Gomselmash – also intend to join import-substituting projects.", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00114-00050199-00050627": "Smaller companies like Minsk Gear Plant, Minsk Bearing Plant intend to follow suit.", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00115-00050627-00050995": "Minsk Mechanical Plant is implementing an ambitious project.", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00116-00050995-00051823": "It is developing ABS and EBS systems of brake gear for automobiles and trailers of Belarusian and Russian make.", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00117-00051823-00052573": "It is assumed that these products will be used for heavy trucks, buses, trolleybuses and agricultural machines.", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00118-00052573-00053071": "The company intends to start the first trials of the ABS system by the end of the year.", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00119-00053071-00053351": "The EBS system will be ready in another year.", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00120-00053351-00053682": "Proprietary resources and borrowed funds will be used to finance the project.", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00121-00053682-00054352": "Most of the manufacturing capacity of a factory located in Rudensk, Minsk Oblast will be used to make headlights and lamps for Russian automobiles.", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00122-00054352-00054614": "The company’s output capacity is huge.", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00123-00054614-00055289": "It can provide the home market with headlights and satisfy much of the demand of the Russian automotive industry.", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00124-00055289-00055652": "Yegor Chernyavsky, Head of the Central Office for Foreign Economic Relations of the Industry Ministry", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00125-00055652-00056022": "One of the promising projects of the Belarusian company Amkodor involves timber harvesting machines", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00126-00056022-00056638": "which help automate the process of timber conversion.", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00127-00056638-00056957": "The market was full of competition in the past.", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00128-00056957-00057686": "Now Amkodor is essentially the only manufacturer in the Union State of Belarus and Russia.", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00129-00057686-00058032": "The Belarusian company Integral has been entrusted with a special responsibility.", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00130-00058032-00058430": "The company manufactures various microelectronic components.", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00131-00058430-00059085": "You may be surprised to learn that Belarusian microcircuits can be found even in household appliances of famous brands.", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00132-00059085-00059637": "It is most likely that the charger for your phone has also been assembled using these parts.", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00133-00059637-00060241": "Truth be told, the Russian side is more concerned about the space industry and the military-industrial complex.", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00134-00060241-00060856": "Therefore, it is not surprising that the main consumers of Belarusian microelectronic products on the Russian market", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00135-00060856-00061268": "are enterprises of Roscosmos, Rosatom, and the Defense Ministry.", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00136-00061268-00061539": "Rockets have to fly to outer space.", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00137-00061539-00061735": "Defense missiles have to fly.", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00138-00061735-00061951": "Such as air defense missiles, surface-to-surface missiles and so on.", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00139-00061951-00062426": "Missiles based on submarines and missiles carrying nuclear warheads.", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00140-00062426-00062816": "Nobody will give us what you make for these purposes.", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00141-00062816-00063809": "Will we be able to make it to ensure the uninterrupted operation of the defense sector, the civilian sector of the Union State?", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00142-00063809-00064026": "It is a most pressing matter now.", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00143-00064026-00064419": "After the Fact: Lukashenko's Decisions", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00144-00064419-00065031": "Belarusian enterprises have to operate in three shifts to meet the needs of the Russian market.", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00145-00065031-00065557": "This means that they have an opportunity to make good money, raise salaries for their workers", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00146-00065557-00065921": "and modernize their production facilities using the allocated funds.", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00147-00065921-00066698": "In fact, $1.5 billion is not such a large amount of money to satisfy all the needs of the Russian side.", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00148-00066698-00067279": "Therefore, the financing of Belarusian enterprises, especially in the form of a loan, is also beneficial for Russia.", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00149-00067279-00067536": "Georgy Grits, professor, candidate of economics", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00150-00067536-00067761": "Fundamentally, the sums are not that large. Let me give you one example.", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00151-00067761-00068266": "Microelectronics is on the agenda. It is truly important. It is a rising trend.", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00152-00068266-00068612": "Digitization is a global trend these days.", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00153-00068612-00068973": "Digitization involves software and hardware.", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00154-00068973-00069229": "Hardware is based on microchips.", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00155-00069229-00069467": "One can say, those are hybrid microcircuits.", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00156-00069467-00069897": "Russia has a similar program running till 2025.", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00157-00069897-00070481": "Its funding is estimated at about $60 billion according to various formats.", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00158-00070481-00070641": "$60 billion!", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00159-00070641-00071336": "The European Union: $53 billion. The United States of America: about $55 billion.", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00160-00071336-00071866": "Meanwhile, China invests $1.300 trillion in microelectronics.", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00161-00071866-00072235": "But they have a slightly different goal: to create fully integrated production.", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00162-00072235-00072885": "If our countries had engaged in import substitution several years ago, as the Belarusian side suggested,", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00163-00072885-00073228": "then today, as we look at more and more sanctions,", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00164-00073228-00073589": "we would only laugh at attempts of the West to knock us off the beaten track.", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00165-00073589-00073788": "Lessons need to be learned on time.", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00166-00073788-00074379": "We hope that today's policy and focus on a common result will not become a one-time action,", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00167-00074379-00074817": "but will lay the foundation for new traditions that bring us even closer together.", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00168-00074817-00075114": "It was the project After the Fact: Lukashenko's Decisions.", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00169-00075114-00075578": "We will revisit the topic of import substitution. And trust us, it will be very interesting.", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00170-00075578-00075872": "Subscribe! We talk about the things that matter.", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00171-00075959-00076500": "While relying on two fundamental principles which are simplicity and fairness.", "nc5k7VRBuJ0-00172-00076500-00076896": "After the Fact: Lukashenko's Decisions"}}, {"audio_id": "nciHi2jXR5E", "text": {"nciHi2jXR5E-00000-00000010-00000300": ">>> NOW, MORE NEWS WITH DENNIS", "nciHi2jXR5E-00001-00000300-00000306": ">>> NOW, MORE NEWS WITH DENNIS", "nciHi2jXR5E-00002-00000306-00000370": ">>> NOW, MORE NEWS WITH DENNIS WEIMANN.", "nciHi2jXR5E-00003-00000370-00000377": ">>> NOW, MORE NEWS WITH DENNIS WEIMANN.", "nciHi2jXR5E-00004-00000377-00000547": ">>> NOW, MORE NEWS WITH DENNIS WEIMANN. >> Dennis: THE LARGEST SHOWING", "nciHi2jXR5E-00005-00000547-00000553": "WEIMANN. >> Dennis: THE LARGEST SHOWING", "nciHi2jXR5E-00006-00000553-00000760": "WEIMANN. >> Dennis: THE LARGEST SHOWING OF MONITOR TRUCKS IN 20 YEARS AS", "nciHi2jXR5E-00007-00000760-00000767": ">> Dennis: THE LARGEST SHOWING OF MONITOR TRUCKS IN 20 YEARS AS", "nciHi2jXR5E-00008-00000767-00000954": ">> Dennis: THE LARGEST SHOWING OF MONITOR TRUCKS IN 20 YEARS AS ROLLED INTO BEMIDJI.", "nciHi2jXR5E-00009-00000954-00000960": "OF MONITOR TRUCKS IN 20 YEARS AS ROLLED INTO BEMIDJI.", "nciHi2jXR5E-00010-00000960-00001027": "OF MONITOR TRUCKS IN 20 YEARS AS ROLLED INTO BEMIDJI. THE TOUR BRINGS WELL KNOWN NAMES", "nciHi2jXR5E-00011-00001027-00001034": "ROLLED INTO BEMIDJI. THE TOUR BRINGS WELL KNOWN NAMES", "nciHi2jXR5E-00012-00001034-00001094": "ROLLED INTO BEMIDJI. THE TOUR BRINGS WELL KNOWN NAMES SUCH AS BIG FOOT, SAMSON", "nciHi2jXR5E-00013-00001094-00001101": "THE TOUR BRINGS WELL KNOWN NAMES SUCH AS BIG FOOT, SAMSON", "nciHi2jXR5E-00014-00001101-00001164": "THE TOUR BRINGS WELL KNOWN NAMES SUCH AS BIG FOOT, SAMSON AND SNAKE BITE TO THE BEMIDJI", "nciHi2jXR5E-00015-00001164-00001171": "SUCH AS BIG FOOT, SAMSON AND SNAKE BITE TO THE BEMIDJI", "nciHi2jXR5E-00016-00001171-00001324": "SUCH AS BIG FOOT, SAMSON AND SNAKE BITE TO THE BEMIDJI SPEEDWAY.", "nciHi2jXR5E-00017-00001324-00001331": "AND SNAKE BITE TO THE BEMIDJI SPEEDWAY.", "nciHi2jXR5E-00018-00001331-00001391": "AND SNAKE BITE TO THE BEMIDJI SPEEDWAY. EIGHTEEN MONSTER TRUCKS WILL", "nciHi2jXR5E-00019-00001391-00001398": "SPEEDWAY. EIGHTEEN MONSTER TRUCKS WILL", "nciHi2jXR5E-00020-00001398-00001578": "SPEEDWAY. EIGHTEEN MONSTER TRUCKS WILL CRUSH CARS, SCHOOL BUSES, AND", "nciHi2jXR5E-00021-00001578-00001584": "EIGHTEEN MONSTER TRUCKS WILL CRUSH CARS, SCHOOL BUSES, AND", "nciHi2jXR5E-00022-00001584-00001664": "EIGHTEEN MONSTER TRUCKS WILL CRUSH CARS, SCHOOL BUSES, AND CAMPERS AS WELL AS TAKE RAMPS AT", "nciHi2jXR5E-00023-00001664-00001671": "CRUSH CARS, SCHOOL BUSES, AND CAMPERS AS WELL AS TAKE RAMPS AT", "nciHi2jXR5E-00024-00001671-00001778": "CRUSH CARS, SCHOOL BUSES, AND CAMPERS AS WELL AS TAKE RAMPS AT HIGH SPEEDS TO FLIP IN THE AIR.", "nciHi2jXR5E-00025-00001778-00001785": "CAMPERS AS WELL AS TAKE RAMPS AT HIGH SPEEDS TO FLIP IN THE AIR.", "nciHi2jXR5E-00026-00001785-00001875": "CAMPERS AS WELL AS TAKE RAMPS AT HIGH SPEEDS TO FLIP IN THE AIR. ORGANIZERS SAY BEING ABLE TO DO", "nciHi2jXR5E-00027-00001875-00001881": "HIGH SPEEDS TO FLIP IN THE AIR. ORGANIZERS SAY BEING ABLE TO DO", "nciHi2jXR5E-00028-00001881-00002052": "HIGH SPEEDS TO FLIP IN THE AIR. ORGANIZERS SAY BEING ABLE TO DO A SHOW OUTSIDE AN ARENA", "nciHi2jXR5E-00029-00002052-00002058": "ORGANIZERS SAY BEING ABLE TO DO A SHOW OUTSIDE AN ARENA", "nciHi2jXR5E-00030-00002058-00002212": "ORGANIZERS SAY BEING ABLE TO DO A SHOW OUTSIDE AN ARENA SETTING PROVIDES FLEXIBILITY IN", "nciHi2jXR5E-00031-00002212-00002218": "A SHOW OUTSIDE AN ARENA SETTING PROVIDES FLEXIBILITY IN", "nciHi2jXR5E-00032-00002218-00003043": "A SHOW OUTSIDE AN ARENA SETTING PROVIDES FLEXIBILITY IN PROVIDING A BETTER SHOW.", "nciHi2jXR5E-00033-00003043-00003049": "SETTING PROVIDES FLEXIBILITY IN PROVIDING A BETTER SHOW.", "nciHi2jXR5E-00034-00003049-00003166": "SETTING PROVIDES FLEXIBILITY IN PROVIDING A BETTER SHOW. >> WHAT WE WANTED TO DO HERE", "nciHi2jXR5E-00035-00003166-00003173": "PROVIDING A BETTER SHOW. >> WHAT WE WANTED TO DO HERE", "nciHi2jXR5E-00036-00003173-00003396": "PROVIDING A BETTER SHOW. >> WHAT WE WANTED TO DO HERE WITH THIS SHOW IS BRING BACK", "nciHi2jXR5E-00037-00003396-00003403": ">> WHAT WE WANTED TO DO HERE WITH THIS SHOW IS BRING BACK", "nciHi2jXR5E-00038-00003403-00003580": ">> WHAT WE WANTED TO DO HERE WITH THIS SHOW IS BRING BACK WHAT HONEST SISTER TRUCK USED TO", "nciHi2jXR5E-00039-00003580-00003586": "WITH THIS SHOW IS BRING BACK WHAT HONEST SISTER TRUCK USED TO", "nciHi2jXR5E-00040-00003586-00003770": "WITH THIS SHOW IS BRING BACK WHAT HONEST SISTER TRUCK USED TO BE, JUMPING THE CARS, THE MOTOR", "nciHi2jXR5E-00041-00003770-00003777": "WHAT HONEST SISTER TRUCK USED TO BE, JUMPING THE CARS, THE MOTOR", "nciHi2jXR5E-00042-00003777-00003953": "WHAT HONEST SISTER TRUCK USED TO BE, JUMPING THE CARS, THE MOTOR HOMES, THE BUSES, THE VANCE,", "nciHi2jXR5E-00043-00003953-00003960": "BE, JUMPING THE CARS, THE MOTOR HOMES, THE BUSES, THE VANCE,", "nciHi2jXR5E-00044-00003960-00004607": "BE, JUMPING THE CARS, THE MOTOR HOMES, THE BUSES, THE VANCE, VANS,MAKING THINGS, CARNAGE.", "nciHi2jXR5E-00045-00004607-00004614": "HOMES, THE BUSES, THE VANCE, VANS,MAKING THINGS, CARNAGE.", "nciHi2jXR5E-00046-00004614-00004721": "HOMES, THE BUSES, THE VANCE, VANS,MAKING THINGS, CARNAGE. >> Dennis: THE MONITOR TRUCK"}}, {"audio_id": "ncpM50Q5Gjg", "text": {"ncpM50Q5Gjg-00000-00000730-00000784": "INSURANCE COMPANIES TO GUARANTEE", "ncpM50Q5Gjg-00001-00000784-00000790": "INSURANCE COMPANIES TO GUARANTEE", "ncpM50Q5Gjg-00002-00000790-00000980": "INSURANCE COMPANIES TO GUARANTEE LOWER PREMIUMS.", "ncpM50Q5Gjg-00003-00000980-00000987": "INSURANCE COMPANIES TO GUARANTEE LOWER PREMIUMS.", "ncpM50Q5Gjg-00004-00000987-00001057": "INSURANCE COMPANIES TO GUARANTEE LOWER PREMIUMS. THE THOUGHT OF HAVING A BABY IS", "ncpM50Q5Gjg-00005-00001057-00001064": "LOWER PREMIUMS. THE THOUGHT OF HAVING A BABY IS", "ncpM50Q5Gjg-00006-00001064-00001117": "LOWER PREMIUMS. THE THOUGHT OF HAVING A BABY IS EXCITING FOR SOME.", "ncpM50Q5Gjg-00007-00001117-00001124": "THE THOUGHT OF HAVING A BABY IS EXCITING FOR SOME.", "ncpM50Q5Gjg-00008-00001124-00001184": "THE THOUGHT OF HAVING A BABY IS EXCITING FOR SOME. AT THE SAME TIME IT CAN BE", "ncpM50Q5Gjg-00009-00001184-00001191": "EXCITING FOR SOME. AT THE SAME TIME IT CAN BE", "ncpM50Q5Gjg-00010-00001191-00001581": "EXCITING FOR SOME. AT THE SAME TIME IT CAN BE STRESSFUL.", "ncpM50Q5Gjg-00011-00001581-00001588": "AT THE SAME TIME IT CAN BE STRESSFUL.", "ncpM50Q5Gjg-00012-00001588-00001641": "AT THE SAME TIME IT CAN BE STRESSFUL. SOME PARENTS WORRY ABOUT", "ncpM50Q5Gjg-00013-00001641-00001648": "STRESSFUL. SOME PARENTS WORRY ABOUT", "ncpM50Q5Gjg-00014-00001648-00001688": "STRESSFUL. SOME PARENTS WORRY ABOUT PARENTAL LEAVE.", "ncpM50Q5Gjg-00015-00001688-00001695": "SOME PARENTS WORRY ABOUT PARENTAL LEAVE.", "ncpM50Q5Gjg-00016-00001695-00001761": "SOME PARENTS WORRY ABOUT PARENTAL LEAVE. HAYDEE CLOTTER SHOW US HOW ONE", "ncpM50Q5Gjg-00017-00001761-00001768": "PARENTAL LEAVE. HAYDEE CLOTTER SHOW US HOW ONE", "ncpM50Q5Gjg-00018-00001768-00001831": "PARENTAL LEAVE. HAYDEE CLOTTER SHOW US HOW ONE COMPANY IN BEMIDJI IS PUTTING", "ncpM50Q5Gjg-00019-00001831-00001838": "HAYDEE CLOTTER SHOW US HOW ONE COMPANY IN BEMIDJI IS PUTTING", "ncpM50Q5Gjg-00020-00001838-00002382": "HAYDEE CLOTTER SHOW US HOW ONE COMPANY IN BEMIDJI IS PUTTING FAMILY FIRST.", "ncpM50Q5Gjg-00021-00002382-00002389": "COMPANY IN BEMIDJI IS PUTTING FAMILY FIRST.", "ncpM50Q5Gjg-00022-00002389-00002799": "COMPANY IN BEMIDJI IS PUTTING FAMILY FIRST. >>> COORY ROOF BEING THE FOURTH", "ncpM50Q5Gjg-00023-00002799-00002806": "FAMILY FIRST. >>> COORY ROOF BEING THE FOURTH", "ncpM50Q5Gjg-00024-00002806-00003046": "FAMILY FIRST. >>> COORY ROOF BEING THE FOURTH TIME AROUND.", "ncpM50Q5Gjg-00025-00003046-00003053": ">>> COORY ROOF BEING THE FOURTH TIME AROUND.", "ncpM50Q5Gjg-00026-00003053-00003266": ">>> COORY ROOF BEING THE FOURTH TIME AROUND. HIS EMPLOYER AFFINITY OFFERED", "ncpM50Q5Gjg-00027-00003266-00003273": "TIME AROUND. HIS EMPLOYER AFFINITY OFFERED", "ncpM50Q5Gjg-00028-00003273-00003450": "TIME AROUND. HIS EMPLOYER AFFINITY OFFERED HIM PAID FAMILY LEAVE.", "ncpM50Q5Gjg-00029-00003450-00003456": "HIS EMPLOYER AFFINITY OFFERED HIM PAID FAMILY LEAVE.", "ncpM50Q5Gjg-00030-00003456-00003670": "HIS EMPLOYER AFFINITY OFFERED HIM PAID FAMILY LEAVE. >> ALLOWS US TO TAKE THE WORK OF", "ncpM50Q5Gjg-00031-00003670-00003676": "HIM PAID FAMILY LEAVE. >> ALLOWS US TO TAKE THE WORK OF", "ncpM50Q5Gjg-00032-00003676-00003833": "HIM PAID FAMILY LEAVE. >> ALLOWS US TO TAKE THE WORK OF WORK AND FINANCES OUT OF THE", "ncpM50Q5Gjg-00033-00003833-00003840": ">> ALLOWS US TO TAKE THE WORK OF WORK AND FINANCES OUT OF THE", "ncpM50Q5Gjg-00034-00003840-00003920": ">> ALLOWS US TO TAKE THE WORK OF WORK AND FINANCES OUT OF THE WAY.", "ncpM50Q5Gjg-00035-00003920-00003927": "WORK AND FINANCES OUT OF THE WAY.", "ncpM50Q5Gjg-00036-00003927-00004104": "WORK AND FINANCES OUT OF THE WAY. >> THE BENEFIT GIVES MOTHERS AND", "ncpM50Q5Gjg-00037-00004104-00004110": "WAY. >> THE BENEFIT GIVES MOTHERS AND", "ncpM50Q5Gjg-00038-00004110-00004294": "WAY. >> THE BENEFIT GIVES MOTHERS AND FATHERS SIX WEEKS OF PAID LEAVE", "ncpM50Q5Gjg-00039-00004294-00004300": ">> THE BENEFIT GIVES MOTHERS AND FATHERS SIX WEEKS OF PAID LEAVE", "ncpM50Q5Gjg-00040-00004300-00004320": ">> THE BENEFIT GIVES MOTHERS AND FATHERS SIX WEEKS OF PAID LEAVE AFTE,bN", "ncpM50Q5Gjg-00041-00004320-00004601": "FATHERS SIX WEEKS OF PAID LEAVE AFTE,bN", "ncpM50Q5Gjg-00042-00004327-00004387": "AFTE,bN  '", "ncpM50Q5Gjg-00043-00004387-00004631": "AFTE,bN  '", "ncpM50Q5Gjg-00044-00004394-00004601": "]m?ç BIRTH OR ADOPTION OF A", "ncpM50Q5Gjg-00045-00004601-00004864": "]m?ç BIRTH OR ADOPTION OF A", "ncpM50Q5Gjg-00046-00004607-00004631": "CHILD.", "ncpM50Q5Gjg-00047-00004631-00004637": "CHILD.", "ncpM50Q5Gjg-00048-00004637-00004864": "CHILD. >> BOND WITH THE BABY, AND NOT", "ncpM50Q5Gjg-00049-00004864-00004871": "CHILD. >> BOND WITH THE BABY, AND NOT", "ncpM50Q5Gjg-00050-00004871-00004988": "CHILD. >> BOND WITH THE BABY, AND NOT HAVE THE STRESS OF TIMEáM,,p÷m", "ncpM50Q5Gjg-00051-00004988-00005228": ">> BOND WITH THE BABY, AND NOT HAVE THE STRESS OF TIMEáM,,p÷m", "ncpM50Q5Gjg-00052-00004994-00005054": "HAVE THE STRESS OF T AND AWAYm", "ncpM50Q5Gjg-00053-00005054-00005402": "HAVE THE STRESS OF T AND AWAYm", "ncpM50Q5Gjg-00054-00005061-00005228": "FROM WORK AND FINANCES AND HOW", "ncpM50Q5Gjg-00055-00005228-00005235": "FROM WORK AND FINANCES AND HOW", "ncpM50Q5Gjg-00056-00005235-00005402": "FROM WORK AND FINANCES AND HOW AM I GOING TO GET THROUGH THE", "ncpM50Q5Gjg-00057-00005402-00005408": "FROM WORK AND FINANCES AND HOW AM I GOING TO GET THROUGH THE", "ncpM50Q5Gjg-00058-00005408-00005605": "FROM WORK AND FINANCES AND HOW AM I GOING TO GET THROUGH THE STRESSFUL TIME WITH MEDICAL", "ncpM50Q5Gjg-00059-00005605-00005612": "AM I GOING TO GET THROUGH THE STRESSFUL TIME WITH MEDICAL", "ncpM50Q5Gjg-00060-00005612-00005775": "AM I GOING TO GET THROUGH THE STRESSFUL TIME WITH MEDICAL BILLS, AND JUST TIME OFF WORK,", "ncpM50Q5Gjg-00061-00005775-00005782": "STRESSFUL TIME WITH MEDICAL BILLS, AND JUST TIME OFF WORK,", "ncpM50Q5Gjg-00062-00005782-00005995": "STRESSFUL TIME WITH MEDICAL BILLS, AND JUST TIME OFF WORK, AND STILL BE ABLE TO MAINTAIN", "ncpM50Q5Gjg-00063-00005995-00006002": "BILLS, AND JUST TIME OFF WORK, AND STILL BE ABLE TO MAINTAIN", "ncpM50Q5Gjg-00064-00006002-00006166": "BILLS, AND JUST TIME OFF WORK, AND STILL BE ABLE TO MAINTAIN AND PROVIDE FOR THE FAMILY.", "ncpM50Q5Gjg-00065-00006166-00006172": "AND STILL BE ABLE TO MAINTAIN AND PROVIDE FOR THE FAMILY.", "ncpM50Q5Gjg-00066-00006172-00006399": "AND STILL BE ABLE TO MAINTAIN AND PROVIDE FOR THE FAMILY. IT'S BEEN A HUGE STRESS RELIEF.", "ncpM50Q5Gjg-00067-00006399-00006406": "AND PROVIDE FOR THE FAMILY. IT'S BEEN A HUGE STRESS RELIEF.", "ncpM50Q5Gjg-00068-00006406-00006653": "AND PROVIDE FOR THE FAMILY. IT'S BEEN A HUGE STRESS RELIEF. >> ROOF IS BACK AT WORK BUT WAS", "ncpM50Q5Gjg-00069-00006653-00006659": "IT'S BEEN A HUGE STRESS RELIEF. >> ROOF IS BACK AT WORK BUT WAS", "ncpM50Q5Gjg-00070-00006659-00006953": "IT'S BEEN A HUGE STRESS RELIEF. >> ROOF IS BACK AT WORK BUT WAS ABLE TO SPEND PLENTY OF TIME.", "ncpM50Q5Gjg-00071-00006953-00006960": ">> ROOF IS BACK AT WORK BUT WAS ABLE TO SPEND PLENTY OF TIME.", "ncpM50Q5Gjg-00072-00006960-00007127": ">> ROOF IS BACK AT WORK BUT WAS ABLE TO SPEND PLENTY OF TIME. SHE ALSO APPRECIATED THE EXTRA", "ncpM50Q5Gjg-00073-00007127-00007133": "ABLE TO SPEND PLENTY OF TIME. SHE ALSO APPRECIATED THE EXTRA", "ncpM50Q5Gjg-00074-00007133-00007257": "ABLE TO SPEND PLENTY OF TIME. SHE ALSO APPRECIATED THE EXTRA HELP SHE RECEIVED AROUND THE", "ncpM50Q5Gjg-00075-00007257-00007263": "SHE ALSO APPRECIATED THE EXTRA HELP SHE RECEIVED AROUND THE", "ncpM50Q5Gjg-00076-00007263-00007297": "SHE ALSO APPRECIATED THE EXTRA HELP SHE RECEIVED AROUND THE HOUSE.", "ncpM50Q5Gjg-00077-00007297-00007303": "HELP SHE RECEIVED AROUND THE HOUSE.", "ncpM50Q5Gjg-00078-00007303-00007467": "HELP SHE RECEIVED AROUND THE HOUSE. >> IT DEFINITELY MADE A BIG", "ncpM50Q5Gjg-00079-00007467-00007474": "HOUSE. >> IT DEFINITELY MADE A BIG", "ncpM50Q5Gjg-00080-00007474-00007507": "HOUSE. >> IT DEFINITELY MADE A BIG DIFFERENCE.", "ncpM50Q5Gjg-00081-00007507-00007514": ">> IT DEFINITELY MADE A BIG DIFFERENCE.", "ncpM50Q5Gjg-00082-00007514-00007687": ">> IT DEFINITELY MADE A BIG DIFFERENCE. I MOSTLY NOTICED IT WHEN HE WENT", "ncpM50Q5Gjg-00083-00007687-00007694": "DIFFERENCE. I MOSTLY NOTICED IT WHEN HE WENT", "ncpM50Q5Gjg-00084-00007694-00007891": "DIFFERENCE. I MOSTLY NOTICED IT WHEN HE WENT BACK TO WORK.", "ncpM50Q5Gjg-00085-00007891-00007897": "I MOSTLY NOTICED IT WHEN HE WENT BACK TO WORK.", "ncpM50Q5Gjg-00086-00007897-00008118": "I MOSTLY NOTICED IT WHEN HE WENT BACK TO WORK. I REALIZED I WAS HAVING TO DO", "ncpM50Q5Gjg-00087-00008118-00008124": "BACK TO WORK. I REALIZED I WAS HAVING TO DO", "ncpM50Q5Gjg-00088-00008124-00008171": "BACK TO WORK. I REALIZED I WAS HAVING TO DO ALL BY MYSELF.", "ncpM50Q5Gjg-00089-00008171-00008178": "I REALIZED I WAS HAVING TO DO ALL BY MYSELF.", "ncpM50Q5Gjg-00090-00008178-00008341": "I REALIZED I WAS HAVING TO DO ALL BY MYSELF. BUT IT WAS VERY NICE.", "ncpM50Q5Gjg-00091-00008341-00008348": "ALL BY MYSELF. BUT IT WAS VERY NICE.", "ncpM50Q5Gjg-00092-00008348-00008581": "ALL BY MYSELF. BUT IT WAS VERY NICE. A BIGL'ñ?ñ? CHANGE.", "ncpM50Q5Gjg-00093-00008581-00008588": "BUT IT WAS VERY NICE. A BIGL'ñ?ñ? CHANGE.", "ncpM50Q5Gjg-00094-00008588-00008775": "BUT IT WAS VERY NICE. A BIGL'ñ?ñ? CHANGE. >> ANNOUNCEMENT WAS MADE AT THE", "ncpM50Q5Gjg-00095-00008775-00008782": "A BIGL'ñ?ñ? CHANGE. >> ANNOUNCEMENT WAS MADE AT THE", "ncpM50Q5Gjg-00096-00008782-00009022": "A BIGL'ñ?ñ? CHANGE. >> ANNOUNCEMENT WAS MADE AT THE MEETING, AND BROUGHT OUT", "ncpM50Q5Gjg-00097-00009022-00009029": ">> ANNOUNCEMENT WAS MADE AT THE MEETING, AND BROUGHT OUT", "ncpM50Q5Gjg-00098-00009029-00009059": ">> ANNOUNCEMENT WAS MADE AT THE MEETING, AND BROUGHT OUT EMOTIONS.", "ncpM50Q5Gjg-00099-00009059-00009065": "MEETING, AND BROUGHT OUT EMOTIONS.", "ncpM50Q5Gjg-00100-00009065-00009239": "MEETING, AND BROUGHT OUT EMOTIONS. REGARDLESS IF THEY ARE FULL-TIME", "ncpM50Q5Gjg-00101-00009239-00009245": "EMOTIONS. REGARDLESS IF THEY ARE FULL-TIME", "ncpM50Q5Gjg-00102-00009245-00009502": "EMOTIONS. REGARDLESS IF THEY ARE FULL-TIME OR PART TIME THEY WILL EARN 100%", "ncpM50Q5Gjg-00103-00009502-00009509": "REGARDLESS IF THEY ARE FULL-TIME OR PART TIME THEY WILL EARN 100%", "ncpM50Q5Gjg-00104-00009509-00009709": "REGARDLESS IF THEY ARE FULL-TIME OR PART TIME THEY WILL EARN 100% OF THEIR PAYCHECK WHILE ON", "ncpM50Q5Gjg-00105-00009709-00009716": "OR PART TIME THEY WILL EARN 100% OF THEIR PAYCHECK WHILE ON", "ncpM50Q5Gjg-00106-00009716-00009739": "OR PART TIME THEY WILL EARN 100% OF THEIR PAYCHECK WHILE ON LEAVE.", "ncpM50Q5Gjg-00107-00009739-00009746": "OF THEIR PAYCHECK WHILE ON LEAVE.", "ncpM50Q5Gjg-00108-00009746-00010093": "OF THEIR PAYCHECK WHILE ON LEAVE. >> THERE WERE A LOT OF EXPECTANT", "ncpM50Q5Gjg-00109-00010093-00010100": "LEAVE. >> THERE WERE A LOT OF EXPECTANT", "ncpM50Q5Gjg-00110-00010100-00010310": "LEAVE. >> THERE WERE A LOT OF EXPECTANT PARENTS IN THE ROOM, AND IT WAS", "ncpM50Q5Gjg-00111-00010310-00010316": ">> THERE WERE A LOT OF EXPECTANT PARENTS IN THE ROOM, AND IT WAS", "ncpM50Q5Gjg-00112-00010316-00010583": ">> THERE WERE A LOT OF EXPECTANT PARENTS IN THE ROOM, AND IT WAS HIGHLY EMOTIONAL, AND A STANDING", "ncpM50Q5Gjg-00113-00010583-00010590": "PARENTS IN THE ROOM, AND IT WAS HIGHLY EMOTIONAL, AND A STANDING", "ncpM50Q5Gjg-00114-00010590-00010730": "PARENTS IN THE ROOM, AND IT WAS HIGHLY EMOTIONAL, AND A STANDING OVATION, HUGS, TEARS, AND IT WAS", "ncpM50Q5Gjg-00115-00010730-00010737": "HIGHLY EMOTIONAL, AND A STANDING OVATION, HUGS, TEARS, AND IT WAS", "ncpM50Q5Gjg-00116-00010737-00010934": "HIGHLY EMOTIONAL, AND A STANDING OVATION, HUGS, TEARS, AND IT WAS A HUGE REACTION FROM OUR", "ncpM50Q5Gjg-00117-00010934-00010940": "OVATION, HUGS, TEARS, AND IT WAS A HUGE REACTION FROM OUR", "ncpM50Q5Gjg-00118-00010940-00010970": "OVATION, HUGS, TEARS, AND IT WAS A HUGE REACTION FROM OUR EMPLOYEES.", "ncpM50Q5Gjg-00119-00010970-00010977": "A HUGE REACTION FROM OUR EMPLOYEES.", "ncpM50Q5Gjg-00120-00010977-00011211": "A HUGE REACTION FROM OUR EMPLOYEES. >> SIX WEEKS OF PAID PARENTAL", "ncpM50Q5Gjg-00121-00011211-00011217": "EMPLOYEES. >> SIX WEEKS OF PAID PARENTAL", "ncpM50Q5Gjg-00122-00011217-00011501": "EMPLOYEES. >> SIX WEEKS OF PAID PARENTAL LEAVE SAVE THE AVERAGE STATE", "ncpM50Q5Gjg-00123-00011501-00011508": ">> SIX WEEKS OF PAID PARENTAL LEAVE SAVE THE AVERAGE STATE", "ncpM50Q5Gjg-00124-00011508-00011795": ">> SIX WEEKS OF PAID PARENTAL LEAVE SAVE THE AVERAGE STATE EMPLOYER 6200 IN LOSS OF INCOME.", "ncpM50Q5Gjg-00125-00011795-00011801": "LEAVE SAVE THE AVERAGE STATE EMPLOYER 6200 IN LOSS OF INCOME.", "ncpM50Q5Gjg-00126-00011801-00012001": "LEAVE SAVE THE AVERAGE STATE EMPLOYER 6200 IN LOSS OF INCOME. >> ONCE THEY COME BACK, ALL OF", "ncpM50Q5Gjg-00127-00012001-00012008": "EMPLOYER 6200 IN LOSS OF INCOME. >> ONCE THEY COME BACK, ALL OF", "ncpM50Q5Gjg-00128-00012008-00012345": "EMPLOYER 6200 IN LOSS OF INCOME. >> ONCE THEY COME BACK, ALL OF THEIR ACCRUED SICK LEAVE AND", "ncpM50Q5Gjg-00129-00012345-00012352": ">> ONCE THEY COME BACK, ALL OF THEIR ACCRUED SICK LEAVE AND", "ncpM50Q5Gjg-00130-00012352-00012549": ">> ONCE THEY COME BACK, ALL OF THEIR ACCRUED SICK LEAVE AND VACATION AREN'T COMPLETELY GONE.", "ncpM50Q5Gjg-00131-00012549-00012555": "THEIR ACCRUED SICK LEAVE AND VACATION AREN'T COMPLETELY GONE.", "ncpM50Q5Gjg-00132-00012555-00012729": "THEIR ACCRUED SICK LEAVE AND VACATION AREN'T COMPLETELY GONE. THEY DIDN'T HAVE TO USE IT ALL", "ncpM50Q5Gjg-00133-00012729-00012736": "VACATION AREN'T COMPLETELY GONE. THEY DIDN'T HAVE TO USE IT ALL", "ncpM50Q5Gjg-00134-00012736-00012909": "VACATION AREN'T COMPLETELY GONE. THEY DIDN'T HAVE TO USE IT ALL TO BE PAID WHILE THEY ARE ON", "ncpM50Q5Gjg-00135-00012909-00012916": "THEY DIDN'T HAVE TO USE IT ALL TO BE PAID WHILE THEY ARE ON", "ncpM50Q5Gjg-00136-00012916-00013049": "THEY DIDN'T HAVE TO USE IT ALL TO BE PAID WHILE THEY ARE ON THEIR LEAVE SPENDING TIME WITH", "ncpM50Q5Gjg-00137-00013049-00013056": "TO BE PAID WHILE THEY ARE ON THEIR LEAVE SPENDING TIME WITH", "ncpM50Q5Gjg-00138-00013056-00013183": "TO BE PAID WHILE THEY ARE ON THEIR LEAVE SPENDING TIME WITH THEIR FAMILY.", "ncpM50Q5Gjg-00139-00013183-00013189": "THEIR LEAVE SPENDING TIME WITH THEIR FAMILY.", "ncpM50Q5Gjg-00140-00013189-00013363": "THEIR LEAVE SPENDING TIME WITH THEIR FAMILY. SO THEY HAVE SOMEáAñ?ñ? OF THATL", "ncpM50Q5Gjg-00141-00013363-00013369": "THEIR FAMILY. SO THEY HAVE SOMEáAñ?ñ? OF THATL", "ncpM50Q5Gjg-00142-00013369-00013523": "THEIR FAMILY. SO THEY HAVE SOMEáAñ?ñ? OF THATL THERE WHEN THEY COME BACK.", "ncpM50Q5Gjg-00143-00013523-00013530": "SO THEY HAVE SOMEáAñ?ñ? OF THATL THERE WHEN THEY COME BACK.", "ncpM50Q5Gjg-00144-00013530-00013800": "SO THEY HAVE SOMEáAñ?ñ? OF THATL THERE WHEN THEY COME BACK. >> EMPLOYERSr@ñ?ñ? CAN RETALIATR", "ncpM50Q5Gjg-00145-00013800-00013807": "THERE WHEN THEY COME BACK. >> EMPLOYERSr@ñ?ñ? CAN RETALIATR", "ncpM50Q5Gjg-00146-00013807-00013893": "THERE WHEN THEY COME BACK. >> EMPLOYERSr@ñ?ñ? CAN RETALIATR AN EMPLOYEE FOR REQUESTING OR", "ncpM50Q5Gjg-00147-00013893-00013900": ">> EMPLOYERSr@ñ?ñ? CAN RETALIATR AN EMPLOYEE FOR REQUESTING OR", "ncpM50Q5Gjg-00148-00013900-00013943": ">> EMPLOYERSr@ñ?ñ? CAN RETALIATR AN EMPLOYEE FOR REQUESTING OR TAKING A LEAVE.", "ncpM50Q5Gjg-00149-00013943-00013950": "AN EMPLOYEE FOR REQUESTING OR TAKING A LEAVE.", "ncpM50Q5Gjg-00150-00013950-00014130": "AN EMPLOYEE FOR REQUESTING OR TAKING A LEAVE. THERE ARE CURRENTLY FOUR", "ncpM50Q5Gjg-00151-00014130-00014137": "TAKING A LEAVE. THERE ARE CURRENTLY FOUR", "ncpM50Q5Gjg-00152-00014137-00014230": "TAKING A LEAVE. THERE ARE CURRENTLY FOUR EMPLOYEES IN BEMIDJI TAKING", "ncpM50Q5Gjg-00153-00014230-00014237": "THERE ARE CURRENTLY FOUR EMPLOYEES IN BEMIDJI TAKING", "ncpM50Q5Gjg-00154-00014237-00014414": "THERE ARE CURRENTLY FOUR EMPLOYEES IN BEMIDJI TAKING ADVANTAGE OF THE!Kñ?ñ? PARENTALE", "ncpM50Q5Gjg-00155-00014414-00014421": "EMPLOYEES IN BEMIDJI TAKING ADVANTAGE OF THE!Kñ?ñ? PARENTALE", "ncpM50Q5Gjg-00156-00014421-00014451": "EMPLOYEES IN BEMIDJI TAKING ADVANTAGE OF THE!Kñ?ñ? PARENTALE BENEFIT.", "ncpM50Q5Gjg-00157-00014451-00014457": "ADVANTAGE OF THE!Kñ?ñ? PARENTALE BENEFIT.", "ncpM50Q5Gjg-00158-00014457-00014697": "ADVANTAGE OF THE!Kñ?ñ? PARENTALE BENEFIT. IN BEMIDJI, HAYDEE\"kñ?ñ?ñ CLOTT,"}}, {"audio_id": "ncsuwOIAOl4", "text": {"ncsuwOIAOl4-00000-00000000-00001040": "Hey guys, it's Matt from Macro Lean Method.  Super, super important video today I'm", "ncsuwOIAOl4-00001-00001040-00001463": "gonna be teaching you how to track your macros.  If you want fast and consistent", "ncsuwOIAOl4-00002-00001463-00001823": "results you need to learn how to do this.  When I think back to when I wasn't", "ncsuwOIAOl4-00003-00001823-00002248": "tracking macros to when I was, incomparable, night and day difference and the same", "ncsuwOIAOl4-00004-00002248-00002716": "with all my clients, amazing, amazing results we start tracking macros.  Also it", "ncsuwOIAOl4-00005-00002716-00003121": "restored a really healthy relationship with food because I didn't have that.  I", "ncsuwOIAOl4-00006-00003121-00003625": "would eat clean for 5 days maybe a week and then I would have a cheat day or two days and I", "ncsuwOIAOl4-00007-00003625-00004085": "feel really terrible self-loathing would kick in, I'd hate myself I'd go back to eating clean", "ncsuwOIAOl4-00008-00004085-00005043": "and binge again, the cycle would continue.  Now if I want a certain food, I factor it into my macros and then I'm good to go.  To track macros I use a myfitnesspal, it's a fantastic free app for", "ncsuwOIAOl4-00009-00005043-00005321": "your smartphone and you can track the whole host of things.  You can do water,", "ncsuwOIAOl4-00010-00005321-00005944": "sugar, calories, fibre.  But all we care about is macros, proteins, fats and carbs.  Ok let's", "ncsuwOIAOl4-00011-00005944-00006019": "get started", "ncsuwOIAOl4-00012-00006019-00006470": "you're gonna need myfitnesspal app on your smartphone, a digital food scale set to", "ncsuwOIAOl4-00013-00006470-00006876": "grams and when you open up the app you'll be on the homepage press food and", "ncsuwOIAOl4-00014-00006876-00007202": "that'll take you to your diary for the day.  You can see breakfast, lunch, dinner and", "ncsuwOIAOl4-00015-00007202-00007739": "snacks and to add food press the + button under any of those tabs. There's a few different ways to input food", "ncsuwOIAOl4-00016-00007739-00007886": "into myfitnesspal", "ncsuwOIAOl4-00017-00007886-00008224": "but the easiest way scanning barcodes.  So let's start with that.  For example if I want this pasta", "ncsuwOIAOl4-00018-00008224-00008802": "I'm gonna scan the barcode and the nutritional value will pop up here.  I'm", "ncsuwOIAOl4-00019-00008802-00009102": "going to weigh out how much I want.   So I want 50 grams.", "ncsuwOIAOl4-00020-00009412-00010190": "That's 50 grams there and then I'm gonna adjust the serving size on the app.  So I'm gonna put 1 gram and 50 servings", "ncsuwOIAOl4-00021-00010190-00010675": "And then I'm gonna hit the tick and now that's tracked that's added to my daily total.  Make sure you check the", "ncsuwOIAOl4-00022-00010675-00010991": "nutritional info on any foods when weighing to make sure it's measured", "ncsuwOIAOl4-00023-00010991-00011362": "cooked or uncooked because it will vary the macros greatly.  Also when scanning", "ncsuwOIAOl4-00024-00011362-00011658": "barcodes some foods don't have to be weighed.  They come up with a pre-assigned", "ncsuwOIAOl4-00025-00011658-00012138": "serving, for example these jaffa cakes.  If I scanned them now, they're gonna come up", "ncsuwOIAOl4-00026-00012138-00013097": "with 1 serving.  But I want to have 2 or 3 of these, I would adjust for the amount I'm going to have.  So I'm going to have 2, put that in and then add that to my daily total.  So what", "ncsuwOIAOl4-00027-00013097-00013144": "do I do", "ncsuwOIAOl4-00028-00013144-00013532": "if the food doesn't have a bar code, for example, fruit, decanted nuts or meat in the the freezer.", "ncsuwOIAOl4-00029-00013532-00014005": "Well it's really, really easy for example with this banana, if I want to have this for breakfast.  I'd press", "ncsuwOIAOl4-00030-00014005-00014504": "and food and then in the search bar type in banana and a generic banana would pop up.", "ncsuwOIAOl4-00031-00014504-00014987": "All I'd do, I'd peel this, weight this.  Let's say it's 100 grams, I'd put in 100 grams on the", "ncsuwOIAOl4-00032-00014987-00015422": "serving size, press the tick, add that to my daily total just like the pasta. Oh", "ncsuwOIAOl4-00033-00015422-00015881": "quick tip always zero the food scale when adding any new ingredients or a new plate to the scale.", "ncsuwOIAOl4-00034-00015881-00016564": "For example if I'm gonna take the pasta off and put this bowl on.  That weighs 235 grams.  I need to zero that before I add", "ncsuwOIAOl4-00035-00016564-00016864": "anything new.  If I want to weight this Apple I'm gonna put that on.", "ncsuwOIAOl4-00036-00016956-00017374": "Weighs 132 grams.  If I want to add anything else I'd have to zero that again", "ncsuwOIAOl4-00037-00017375-00017736": "Ok so that's tracking food at home what happens if I wanna eat out?   Well you", "ncsuwOIAOl4-00038-00017736-00018188": "definitely a can eat out and track your macros, it's really simple, it's really easy.  So let's first talk about the quote", "ncsuwOIAOl4-00039-00018188-00018869": "unquote fast food places like McDonald's, Subway, Chipotle, Nando's, Pret.  You can", "ncsuwOIAOl4-00040-00018869-00019187": "use the search bar on myfitnesspal just like the banana and find what you", "ncsuwOIAOl4-00041-00019187-00019616": "had.  But if you can't find it there you can also go on the website and find all their nutritional", "ncsuwOIAOl4-00042-00019616-00020042": "values.  Add the macros you had and then use something called fast add macros to add that", "ncsuwOIAOl4-00043-00020042-00020419": "directly to your daily total.  Ok let me show you how you gonna do that, for", "ncsuwOIAOl4-00044-00020419-00020966": "example if I had a meal that was 30 grams of fat, 100 grams of carbs and 25 grams of protein.  All I'd do,", "ncsuwOIAOl4-00045-00020966-00021611": "and I had that for lunch.  I'd go into the search bar, I'd type in fat.  Fat comes up, 1 gram.  I'd", "ncsuwOIAOl4-00046-00021611-00022200": "adjust that, so 1 serving size and number of servings - 30.  Add that straight away in.  100", "ncsuwOIAOl4-00047-00022200-00022320": "grams of carbs same thing", "ncsuwOIAOl4-00048-00022320-00023526": "type in carbohydrates, into the search bar, carbs come up and I had 100 grams and input that.  Then same for protein, back to the search bar type", "ncsuwOIAOl4-00049-00023526-00024237": "in protein and then add in 25 grams and add that.  And that's the macros for the meal quickly added", "ncsuwOIAOl4-00050-00024237-00024354": "directly into myfitnesspal.", "ncsuwOIAOl4-00051-00024354-00024759": "Ok so that's eating out at restaurants that provide the nutritional value but what happens if", "ncsuwOIAOl4-00052-00024759-00025142": "you wanna eat out independent cafe or restaurant?  Well you can do this too, but you", "ncsuwOIAOl4-00053-00025142-00025470": "have to be smart with what you order.  Try to order foods that come separately", "ncsuwOIAOl4-00054-00025470-00025875": "like steak, potatoes and fish and then you can eyeball your macros and work out what each", "ncsuwOIAOl4-00055-00025875-00026201": "individual component.  It's not going to be perfect, we're not looking for perfection", "ncsuwOIAOl4-00056-00026201-00026628": "we're looking for consistency and trying to be as close as possible every time.  Now", "ncsuwOIAOl4-00057-00026628-00026997": "when eyeballing your macros you can use your hand as a guide to sizes, for example", "ncsuwOIAOl4-00058-00026997-00027483": "the palm of my hand is around 100 grams of meat.  And the fist size is about 200", "ncsuwOIAOl4-00059-00027483-00027847": "grams of potatoes or 200 grams of rice.  For example if I order a meal that", "ncsuwOIAOl4-00060-00027847-00028274": "comprises of a 150 grams of cooked chicken breast, 200 grams of mashed potato", "ncsuwOIAOl4-00061-00028274-00028468": "and leafy green vegetables, how do I log that?", "ncsuwOIAOl4-00062-00028468-00029152": "Well its pretty easy.  First I'd search for cooked chicken breast add 150grams.  Then I'd search for mashed potato, I's add 200", "ncsuwOIAOl4-00063-00029152-00029645": "grams.  After I'd logged that, I'd quick add 10 grams of fat just to cover my bases via", "ncsuwOIAOl4-00064-00029645-00030041": "the quick add macros, because I don't know how they've been cooked.   In regards to the", "ncsuwOIAOl4-00065-00030041-00030169": "green vegetables, I wouldn't log", "ncsuwOIAOl4-00066-00030169-00030605": "those.  They're really low in calories, really high in micronutrients.  But what you have to", "ncsuwOIAOl4-00067-00030605-00031073": "watch out for is oils, dressings and sauces.  Always ask them on a side because they're really", "ncsuwOIAOl4-00068-00031073-00031343": "high in calories if you can avoid it at all.", "ncsuwOIAOl4-00069-00031343-00031724": "So lastly I'm going to show you how to check your macronutrient numbers on the app.  What you're gonna", "ncsuwOIAOl4-00070-00031724-00032176": "do is press the food button at the top.  Three bars will appear calories, nutrients", "ncsuwOIAOl4-00071-00032176-00032272": "and macros.", "ncsuwOIAOl4-00072-00032272-00032749": "We don't care about the first two, all we're concerned about is macros and as you can see you have carbohydrates, fats", "ncsuwOIAOl4-00073-00032749-00033286": "and proteins all displaying in grams.  So there you have it guys really simple now you're armed", "ncsuwOIAOl4-00074-00033286-00033577": "the info you need to start tracking those macs. Let's get after it!!!"}}, {"audio_id": "ncEmalxgAgy", "text": {"ncEmalxgAgy-00000-00000013-00000557": "Hey Bob, someone's claiming my new you tube video is infringing on their copyright!", "ncEmalxgAgy-00001-00000557-00000725": "Oh no!", "ncEmalxgAgy-00002-00000725-00000984": "I don't know what to do!", "ncEmalxgAgy-00003-00000984-00001627": "And I don't know what any of this stuff means, \"copyright\" \"fair use\" \"creative commons\"?", "ncEmalxgAgy-00004-00001627-00002269": "You should vote for New Media Rights South by South West panel \"Stand Up To Content Bullies,", "ncEmalxgAgy-00005-00002269-00002472": "Know Your Copy Rights!\"", "ncEmalxgAgy-00006-00002472-00002978": "so you can find out how copyright law works and how to protect yourself from content bullies!", "ncEmalxgAgy-00007-00002978-00003589": "That sounds like a great idea."}}, {"audio_id": "ncMMMDl9N_4", "text": {"ncMMMDl9N_4-00000-00000026-00000360": "♪ ♪", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00001-00000360-00000440": ">> Announcer: FROM COAST", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00002-00000440-00000450": ">> Announcer: FROM COAST", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00003-00000450-00000603": ">> Announcer: FROM COAST TO COAST AND AROUND THE WORLD,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00004-00000603-00000613": "TO COAST AND AROUND THE WORLD,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00005-00000613-00000860": "TO COAST AND AROUND THE WORLD, IT'S TIME TO PRAISE THE LORD.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00006-00000860-00001004": ">> ♪ PRAISE THE LORD ♪", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00007-00001004-00001011": ">> ♪ PRAISE THE LORD ♪", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00008-00001011-00001314": ">> ♪ PRAISE THE LORD ♪ ♪ LET EVERY NATION REJOICE ♪", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00009-00001314-00001321": "♪ LET EVERY NATION REJOICE ♪", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00010-00001321-00001571": "♪ LET EVERY NATION REJOICE ♪ ♪ PRAISE THE LORD ♪", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00011-00001571-00001578": "♪ PRAISE THE LORD ♪", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00012-00001578-00001831": "♪ PRAISE THE LORD ♪ ♪ WITH ONE MIGHTY VOICE ♪", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00013-00001925-00002008": ">> JOIN US ON", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00014-00002008-00002018": ">> JOIN US ON", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00015-00002018-00002108": ">> JOIN US ON PRAISE THE LORD", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00016-00002108-00002118": "PRAISE THE LORD", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00017-00002118-00002278": "PRAISE THE LORD FROM THE VACATION CAPITAL", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00018-00002278-00002288": "FROM THE VACATION CAPITAL", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00019-00002288-00002445": "FROM THE VACATION CAPITAL OF THE WORLD,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00020-00002445-00002455": "OF THE WORLD,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00021-00002455-00002702": "OF THE WORLD, EXCITING CENTRAL FLORIDA,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00022-00002702-00002712": "EXCITING CENTRAL FLORIDA,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00023-00002712-00002806": "EXCITING CENTRAL FLORIDA, AS WE BRING YOU", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00024-00002806-00002816": "AS WE BRING YOU", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00025-00002816-00003056": "AS WE BRING YOU ANOINTED PASTORS, EVANGELISTS,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00026-00003056-00003066": "ANOINTED PASTORS, EVANGELISTS,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00027-00003066-00003176": "ANOINTED PASTORS, EVANGELISTS, TEACHERS, AUTHORS,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00028-00003176-00003186": "TEACHERS, AUTHORS,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00029-00003186-00003443": "TEACHERS, AUTHORS, AND OTHER SPECIAL GUESTS", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00030-00003443-00003453": "AND OTHER SPECIAL GUESTS", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00031-00003453-00003600": "AND OTHER SPECIAL GUESTS WITH TESTIMONIES AND TEACHINGS", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00032-00003600-00003610": "WITH TESTIMONIES AND TEACHINGS", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00033-00003610-00003853": "WITH TESTIMONIES AND TEACHINGS AND MUSIC TO GLORIFY GOD", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00034-00003853-00003863": "AND MUSIC TO GLORIFY GOD", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00035-00003863-00004080": "AND MUSIC TO GLORIFY GOD AS WE LIFT UP JESUS CHRIST", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00036-00004080-00004090": "AS WE LIFT UP JESUS CHRIST", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00037-00004090-00004194": "AS WE LIFT UP JESUS CHRIST AS LORD.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00038-00004234-00005265": ">> ♪ PRAISE ♪", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00039-00005265-00005271": ">> ♪ PRAISE ♪", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00040-00005271-00006152": ">> ♪ PRAISE ♪ ♪ PRAISE THE LORD ♪", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00041-00006152-00006372": ">> LESS THAN A WEEK AGO,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00042-00006372-00006379": ">> LESS THAN A WEEK AGO,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00043-00006379-00006663": ">> LESS THAN A WEEK AGO, AMERICA WAS CHANGED AGAIN.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00044-00006663-00006669": "AMERICA WAS CHANGED AGAIN.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00045-00006669-00006936": "AMERICA WAS CHANGED AGAIN. LESS THAN A WEEK AGO,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00046-00006936-00006943": "LESS THAN A WEEK AGO,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00047-00006943-00007307": "LESS THAN A WEEK AGO, LIVES WERE LOST TRAGICALLY,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00048-00007307-00007313": "LIVES WERE LOST TRAGICALLY,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00049-00007313-00007794": "LIVES WERE LOST TRAGICALLY, YOUNG LIVES, MIDDLE-AGED LIVES.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00050-00007794-00007801": "YOUNG LIVES, MIDDLE-AGED LIVES.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00051-00007801-00007977": "YOUNG LIVES, MIDDLE-AGED LIVES. PEOPLE WHO SEEMED LIKE", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00052-00007977-00007984": "PEOPLE WHO SEEMED LIKE", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00053-00007984-00008141": "PEOPLE WHO SEEMED LIKE THEY HAD A BRIGHT FUTURE", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00054-00008141-00008148": "THEY HAD A BRIGHT FUTURE", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00055-00008148-00008521": "THEY HAD A BRIGHT FUTURE BEFORE THEM FOUND OUT THAT", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00056-00008521-00008528": "BEFORE THEM FOUND OUT THAT", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00057-00008528-00008885": "BEFORE THEM FOUND OUT THAT EVIL WAS TRYING TO OVERTAKE US.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00058-00008885-00008892": "EVIL WAS TRYING TO OVERTAKE US.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00059-00008892-00008962": "EVIL WAS TRYING TO OVERTAKE US. AND ONE OF THE THINGS", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00060-00008962-00008968": "AND ONE OF THE THINGS", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00061-00008968-00009262": "AND ONE OF THE THINGS I WANT EVERY PERSON TO GRAB", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00062-00009272-00009589": "IS THIS: A LOT OF PEOPLE", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00063-00009589-00009596": "IS THIS: A LOT OF PEOPLE", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00064-00009596-00010023": "IS THIS: A LOT OF PEOPLE WANT TO TRY AND ADDRESS", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00065-00010023-00010030": "WANT TO TRY AND ADDRESS", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00066-00010030-00010170": "WANT TO TRY AND ADDRESS THEOLOGICAL DIFFERENCES", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00067-00010170-00010176": "THEOLOGICAL DIFFERENCES", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00068-00010176-00010366": "THEOLOGICAL DIFFERENCES AND INTERPRETATION", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00069-00010366-00010373": "AND INTERPRETATION", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00070-00010373-00010457": "AND INTERPRETATION OF WHO WAS RIGHT", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00071-00010457-00010463": "OF WHO WAS RIGHT", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00072-00010463-00010533": "OF WHO WAS RIGHT AND WHO WAS WRONG,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00073-00010533-00010540": "AND WHO WAS WRONG,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00074-00010540-00010767": "AND WHO WAS WRONG, BUT THAT'S NOT THE ISSUE.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00075-00010767-00010774": "BUT THAT'S NOT THE ISSUE.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00076-00010774-00010884": "BUT THAT'S NOT THE ISSUE. THE ISSUE IS THAT", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00077-00010884-00010890": "THE ISSUE IS THAT", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00078-00010890-00011121": "THE ISSUE IS THAT JESUS IS KING OF KINGS", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00079-00011121-00011127": "JESUS IS KING OF KINGS", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00080-00011127-00011241": "JESUS IS KING OF KINGS AND LORD OF LORDS,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00081-00011241-00011247": "AND LORD OF LORDS,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00082-00011247-00011454": "AND LORD OF LORDS, AND THE ISSUE IS THAT", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00083-00011454-00011461": "AND THE ISSUE IS THAT", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00084-00011461-00011778": "AND THE ISSUE IS THAT SOMEONE LOST SOMEONE TRAGICALLY.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00085-00011778-00011785": "SOMEONE LOST SOMEONE TRAGICALLY.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00086-00011785-00012048": "SOMEONE LOST SOMEONE TRAGICALLY. I LIKE TO SAY A SOUL IS A SOUL.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00087-00012048-00012055": "I LIKE TO SAY A SOUL IS A SOUL.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00088-00012055-00012205": "I LIKE TO SAY A SOUL IS A SOUL. IT'S NOT A BLACK SOUL,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00089-00012205-00012212": "IT'S NOT A BLACK SOUL,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00090-00012212-00012375": "IT'S NOT A BLACK SOUL, IT'S NOT A WHITE SOUL,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00091-00012375-00012382": "IT'S NOT A WHITE SOUL,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00092-00012382-00012585": "IT'S NOT A WHITE SOUL, IT'S NOT A HISPANIC SOUL,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00093-00012585-00012592": "IT'S NOT A HISPANIC SOUL,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00094-00012592-00012806": "IT'S NOT A HISPANIC SOUL, IT'S NOT AN OLD SOUL.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00095-00012806-00012812": "IT'S NOT AN OLD SOUL.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00096-00012812-00012976": "IT'S NOT AN OLD SOUL. IT'S A SOUL.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00097-00012976-00012982": "IT'S A SOUL.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00098-00012982-00013116": "IT'S A SOUL. AND GOD SAID IN HIS WORD", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00099-00013116-00013123": "AND GOD SAID IN HIS WORD", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00100-00013123-00013359": "AND GOD SAID IN HIS WORD THAT ALL SOULS ARE MINE.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00101-00013359-00013366": "THAT ALL SOULS ARE MINE.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00102-00013366-00013620": "THAT ALL SOULS ARE MINE. WE ARE ALL GOD'S CHILDREN.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00103-00013620-00013626": "WE ARE ALL GOD'S CHILDREN.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00104-00013626-00014003": "WE ARE ALL GOD'S CHILDREN. JESUS DID NOT DIE ON THE CROSS", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00105-00014003-00014010": "JESUS DID NOT DIE ON THE CROSS", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00106-00014010-00014257": "JESUS DID NOT DIE ON THE CROSS FOR ONE PARTICULAR PERSON.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00107-00014257-00014264": "FOR ONE PARTICULAR PERSON.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00108-00014264-00014397": "FOR ONE PARTICULAR PERSON. IF YOU LOOK AROUND THE CHURCH", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00109-00014397-00014404": "IF YOU LOOK AROUND THE CHURCH", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00110-00014404-00014561": "IF YOU LOOK AROUND THE CHURCH OF ALL NATIONS RIGHT NOW,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00111-00014561-00014567": "OF ALL NATIONS RIGHT NOW,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00112-00014567-00014784": "OF ALL NATIONS RIGHT NOW, THERE'S ALL AGES, ALL CULTURES,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00113-00014784-00014791": "THERE'S ALL AGES, ALL CULTURES,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00114-00014791-00015178": "THERE'S ALL AGES, ALL CULTURES, ALL CREEDS, AND ALL ETHNICITY.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00115-00015178-00015185": "ALL CREEDS, AND ALL ETHNICITY.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00116-00015185-00015318": "ALL CREEDS, AND ALL ETHNICITY. AND EVERY ONE OF US SITTING HERE", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00117-00015318-00015325": "AND EVERY ONE OF US SITTING HERE", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00118-00015325-00015578": "AND EVERY ONE OF US SITTING HERE TODAY IS A BENEFICIARY", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00119-00015578-00015585": "TODAY IS A BENEFICIARY", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00120-00015585-00015729": "TODAY IS A BENEFICIARY OF CALVARY.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00121-00015729-00015735": "OF CALVARY.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00122-00015735-00015879": "OF CALVARY. EVERY ONE OF US SITTING HERE", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00123-00015879-00015885": "EVERY ONE OF US SITTING HERE", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00124-00015885-00016169": "EVERY ONE OF US SITTING HERE TODAY CAN'T EVEN IMAGINE", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00125-00016169-00016176": "TODAY CAN'T EVEN IMAGINE", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00126-00016176-00016369": "TODAY CAN'T EVEN IMAGINE WHAT IT WOULD BE LIKE", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00127-00016369-00016376": "WHAT IT WOULD BE LIKE", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00128-00016376-00016556": "WHAT IT WOULD BE LIKE IF WE PERHAPS WOULD HAVE SOMEONE", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00129-00016556-00016563": "IF WE PERHAPS WOULD HAVE SOMEONE", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00130-00016563-00016803": "IF WE PERHAPS WOULD HAVE SOMEONE THAT WAS DEAR TO US THAT HAD", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00131-00016803-00016810": "THAT WAS DEAR TO US THAT HAD", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00132-00016810-00017046": "THAT WAS DEAR TO US THAT HAD ENCOUNTERED SUCH A TRAGEDY.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00133-00017046-00017053": "ENCOUNTERED SUCH A TRAGEDY.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00134-00017053-00017230": "ENCOUNTERED SUCH A TRAGEDY. BUT I WANT YOU RIGHT NOW", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00135-00017230-00017237": "BUT I WANT YOU RIGHT NOW", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00136-00017237-00017357": "BUT I WANT YOU RIGHT NOW TO BRING YOUR MINDSET", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00137-00017357-00017364": "TO BRING YOUR MINDSET", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00138-00017364-00017540": "TO BRING YOUR MINDSET OF SUPPORT, BECAUSE", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00139-00017540-00017547": "OF SUPPORT, BECAUSE", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00140-00017547-00017774": "OF SUPPORT, BECAUSE THE BIBLE SAYS,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00141-00017774-00017781": "THE BIBLE SAYS,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00142-00017781-00017867": "THE BIBLE SAYS, \"WHERE'S THERE'S UNITY,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00143-00017867-00017874": "\"WHERE'S THERE'S UNITY,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00144-00017874-00018041": "\"WHERE'S THERE'S UNITY, THERE IS STRENGTH.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00145-00018041-00018048": "THERE IS STRENGTH.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00146-00018048-00018114": "THERE IS STRENGTH. WHERE THERE IS LOVE,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00147-00018114-00018121": "WHERE THERE IS LOVE,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00148-00018121-00018271": "WHERE THERE IS LOVE, THERE IS GOD.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00149-00018271-00018278": "THERE IS GOD.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00150-00018278-00018348": "THERE IS GOD. WHERE THERE'S GOD,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00151-00018348-00018354": "WHERE THERE'S GOD,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00152-00018354-00018511": "WHERE THERE'S GOD, THERE IS COMFORT.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00153-00018511-00018518": "THERE IS COMFORT.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00154-00018518-00018585": "THERE IS COMFORT. WHERE THERE'S COMFORT,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00155-00018585-00018591": "WHERE THERE'S COMFORT,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00156-00018591-00018768": "WHERE THERE'S COMFORT, THERE IS STRENGTH.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00157-00018768-00018775": "THERE IS STRENGTH.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00158-00018775-00018872": "THERE IS STRENGTH. WHERE THERE'S STRENGTH,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00159-00018872-00018878": "WHERE THERE'S STRENGTH,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00160-00018878-00019048": "WHERE THERE'S STRENGTH, THERE IS GOD'S WORD.\"", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00161-00019048-00019055": "THERE IS GOD'S WORD.\"", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00162-00019055-00019295": "THERE IS GOD'S WORD.\" I WANT TO SHARE A PASSAGE", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00163-00019295-00019302": "I WANT TO SHARE A PASSAGE", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00164-00019302-00019345": "I WANT TO SHARE A PASSAGE OF SCRIPTURE, JUST FOR", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00165-00019345-00019352": "OF SCRIPTURE, JUST FOR", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00166-00019352-00019793": "OF SCRIPTURE, JUST FOR A FEW MOMENTS, AS WE SUPPORT,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00167-00019793-00019799": "A FEW MOMENTS, AS WE SUPPORT,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00168-00019799-00020286": "A FEW MOMENTS, AS WE SUPPORT, AS WE REMEMBER, AS WE PRAY FOR,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00169-00020286-00020293": "AS WE REMEMBER, AS WE PRAY FOR,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00170-00020293-00020637": "AS WE REMEMBER, AS WE PRAY FOR, AS WE SPEAK FROM OUR HEARTS", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00171-00020637-00020643": "AS WE SPEAK FROM OUR HEARTS", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00172-00020643-00020757": "AS WE SPEAK FROM OUR HEARTS TO THE HEARTS TO THE MOTHERS,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00173-00020757-00020764": "TO THE HEARTS TO THE MOTHERS,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00174-00020764-00020857": "TO THE HEARTS TO THE MOTHERS, THE FATHERS, THE SISTERS,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00175-00020857-00020864": "THE FATHERS, THE SISTERS,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00176-00020864-00021067": "THE FATHERS, THE SISTERS, THE BROTHERS,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00177-00021067-00021074": "THE BROTHERS,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00178-00021074-00021137": "THE BROTHERS, THE FAMILY MEMBERS,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00179-00021137-00021144": "THE FAMILY MEMBERS,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00180-00021144-00021584": "THE FAMILY MEMBERS, AND THE VICTIMS OF THE FAMILIES,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00181-00021584-00021591": "AND THE VICTIMS OF THE FAMILIES,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00182-00021591-00021671": "AND THE VICTIMS OF THE FAMILIES, WE LOVE YOU", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00183-00021671-00021678": "WE LOVE YOU", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00184-00021678-00021865": "WE LOVE YOU FROM TRINITY BROADCAST.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00185-00021865-00021871": "FROM TRINITY BROADCAST.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00186-00021871-00021941": "FROM TRINITY BROADCAST. WE LOVE YOU", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00187-00021941-00021948": "WE LOVE YOU", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00188-00021948-00022142": "WE LOVE YOU FROM THE KINGDOM OF GOD.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00189-00022142-00022148": "FROM THE KINGDOM OF GOD.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00190-00022148-00022395": "FROM THE KINGDOM OF GOD. WE SUPPORT YOU, AND WE ARE", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00191-00022395-00022402": "WE SUPPORT YOU, AND WE ARE", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00192-00022402-00022869": "WE SUPPORT YOU, AND WE ARE WITH YOU BEYOND 1000%.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00193-00022869-00022876": "WITH YOU BEYOND 1000%.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00194-00022876-00022989": "WITH YOU BEYOND 1000%. BECAUSE EVERYBODY,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00195-00022989-00022996": "BECAUSE EVERYBODY,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00196-00022996-00023079": "BECAUSE EVERYBODY, IT COULD HAVE BEEN ME,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00197-00023079-00023086": "IT COULD HAVE BEEN ME,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00198-00023086-00023279": "IT COULD HAVE BEEN ME, IT COULD HAVE BEEN YOU,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00199-00023279-00023286": "IT COULD HAVE BEEN YOU,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00200-00023286-00023466": "IT COULD HAVE BEEN YOU, BUT THANK GOD THAT", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00201-00023466-00023473": "BUT THANK GOD THAT", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00202-00023473-00023593": "BUT THANK GOD THAT WE'RE ABLE TO SUPPORT", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00203-00023593-00023600": "WE'RE ABLE TO SUPPORT", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00204-00023600-00023763": "WE'RE ABLE TO SUPPORT SOMEONE ELSE IN THIS TIME.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00205-00023763-00023770": "SOMEONE ELSE IN THIS TIME.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00206-00023770-00023933": "SOMEONE ELSE IN THIS TIME. I WANT SOMEONE TO SAY WITH ME,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00207-00023933-00023940": "I WANT SOMEONE TO SAY WITH ME,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00208-00023940-00023993": "I WANT SOMEONE TO SAY WITH ME, \"WE'RE GOING TO PRAY", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00209-00023993-00024000": "\"WE'RE GOING TO PRAY", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00210-00024000-00024250": "\"WE'RE GOING TO PRAY FOR ORLANDO.\"", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00211-00024250-00024257": "FOR ORLANDO.\"", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00212-00024257-00024367": "FOR ORLANDO.\" COME ON CHURCH OF ALL NATIONS,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00213-00024367-00024374": "COME ON CHURCH OF ALL NATIONS,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00214-00024374-00024444": "COME ON CHURCH OF ALL NATIONS, LET'S SAY IT AGAIN,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00215-00024444-00024451": "LET'S SAY IT AGAIN,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00216-00024451-00024517": "LET'S SAY IT AGAIN, \"WE'RE GOING TO PRAY", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00217-00024517-00024524": "\"WE'RE GOING TO PRAY", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00218-00024524-00024768": "\"WE'RE GOING TO PRAY FOR ORLANDO.\"", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00219-00024768-00024774": "FOR ORLANDO.\"", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00220-00024774-00024851": "FOR ORLANDO.\" WE'RE GOING TO PRAY FOR", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00221-00024851-00024858": "WE'RE GOING TO PRAY FOR", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00222-00024858-00025235": "WE'RE GOING TO PRAY FOR THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00223-00025235-00025241": "THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00224-00025241-00025285": "THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. WE'RE GOING TO PRAY", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00225-00025285-00025291": "WE'RE GOING TO PRAY", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00226-00025291-00025842": "WE'RE GOING TO PRAY FOR THE WORLD.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00227-00025842-00025849": "FOR THE WORLD.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00228-00025849-00026055": "FOR THE WORLD. MY PRAYER THIS MORNING IS THAT", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00229-00026055-00026062": "MY PRAYER THIS MORNING IS THAT", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00230-00026062-00026369": "MY PRAYER THIS MORNING IS THAT GOD WILL BRING HIS ANOINTING.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00231-00026369-00026376": "GOD WILL BRING HIS ANOINTING.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00232-00026376-00026579": "GOD WILL BRING HIS ANOINTING. THERE'S A PASSAGE OF SCRIPTURE", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00233-00026579-00026586": "THERE'S A PASSAGE OF SCRIPTURE", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00234-00026586-00027137": "THERE'S A PASSAGE OF SCRIPTURE THAT SAYS IN ROMANS 8:31,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00235-00027137-00027143": "THAT SAYS IN ROMANS 8:31,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00236-00027143-00027393": "THAT SAYS IN ROMANS 8:31, \"WHAT SHALL WE SAY", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00237-00027393-00027400": "\"WHAT SHALL WE SAY", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00238-00027400-00027684": "\"WHAT SHALL WE SAY TO THESE THINGS?", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00239-00027684-00027690": "TO THESE THINGS?", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00240-00027690-00027984": "TO THESE THINGS? IF GOD BE FOR US,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00241-00027984-00027991": "IF GOD BE FOR US,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00242-00027991-00028238": "IF GOD BE FOR US, WHO CAN BE AGAINST US?", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00243-00028238-00028244": "WHO CAN BE AGAINST US?", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00244-00028244-00028491": "WHO CAN BE AGAINST US? HE SPARED NOT HIS OWN SON,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00245-00028491-00028498": "HE SPARED NOT HIS OWN SON,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00246-00028498-00028598": "HE SPARED NOT HIS OWN SON, BUT DELIVERED HIM UP", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00247-00028598-00028605": "BUT DELIVERED HIM UP", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00248-00028605-00028695": "BUT DELIVERED HIM UP FOR ALL OF US,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00249-00028695-00028701": "FOR ALL OF US,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00250-00028701-00028958": "FOR ALL OF US, HOW SHALL WE NOT BE WITH HIM", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00251-00028958-00028965": "HOW SHALL WE NOT BE WITH HIM", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00252-00028965-00029285": "HOW SHALL WE NOT BE WITH HIM WHO FREELY GIVES US ALL THINGS?", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00253-00029285-00029292": "WHO FREELY GIVES US ALL THINGS?", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00254-00029292-00029392": "WHO FREELY GIVES US ALL THINGS? WHO SHALL LAY ANYTHING", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00255-00029392-00029399": "WHO SHALL LAY ANYTHING", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00256-00029399-00029546": "WHO SHALL LAY ANYTHING TO THE CHARGE OF GOD?", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00257-00029546-00029552": "TO THE CHARGE OF GOD?", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00258-00029552-00029929": "TO THE CHARGE OF GOD? IT IS GOD THAT JUSTIFIES.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00259-00029929-00029936": "IT IS GOD THAT JUSTIFIES.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00260-00029936-00030193": "IT IS GOD THAT JUSTIFIES. WHO IS HE THAT CONDEMNETH?", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00261-00030193-00030200": "WHO IS HE THAT CONDEMNETH?", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00262-00030200-00030343": "WHO IS HE THAT CONDEMNETH? IT IS CHRIST THAT DIED,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00263-00030343-00030350": "IT IS CHRIST THAT DIED,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00264-00030350-00030727": "IT IS CHRIST THAT DIED, YEA RATHER, THAT IS RISEN AGAIN,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00265-00030727-00030733": "YEA RATHER, THAT IS RISEN AGAIN,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00266-00030733-00030877": "YEA RATHER, THAT IS RISEN AGAIN, WHO IS EVEN AT THE RIGHT HAND", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00267-00030877-00030884": "WHO IS EVEN AT THE RIGHT HAND", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00268-00030884-00031077": "WHO IS EVEN AT THE RIGHT HAND OF GOD MAKING INTERCESSION", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00269-00031077-00031084": "OF GOD MAKING INTERCESSION", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00270-00031084-00031231": "OF GOD MAKING INTERCESSION FOR US.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00271-00031231-00031237": "FOR US.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00272-00031237-00031394": "FOR US. WHO SHALL SEPARATE US", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00273-00031394-00031401": "WHO SHALL SEPARATE US", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00274-00031401-00031574": "WHO SHALL SEPARATE US FROM THE LOVE OF CHRIST?", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00275-00031574-00031581": "FROM THE LOVE OF CHRIST?", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00276-00031581-00031861": "FROM THE LOVE OF CHRIST? SHALL TRIBULATION, OR DISTRESS,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00277-00031861-00031868": "SHALL TRIBULATION, OR DISTRESS,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00278-00031868-00032188": "SHALL TRIBULATION, OR DISTRESS, OR PERSECUTION, OR FAMINE,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00279-00032188-00032195": "OR PERSECUTION, OR FAMINE,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00280-00032195-00032382": "OR PERSECUTION, OR FAMINE, OR NAKEDNESS, OR PERIL,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00281-00032382-00032389": "OR NAKEDNESS, OR PERIL,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00282-00032389-00032679": "OR NAKEDNESS, OR PERIL, OR SWORD?", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00283-00032679-00032685": "OR SWORD?", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00284-00032685-00033019": "OR SWORD? NAY, IN ALL THESE THINGS,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00285-00033019-00033026": "NAY, IN ALL THESE THINGS,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00286-00033026-00033349": "NAY, IN ALL THESE THINGS, WE ARE MORE THAN CONQUERORS", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00287-00033349-00033356": "WE ARE MORE THAN CONQUERORS", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00288-00033356-00033653": "WE ARE MORE THAN CONQUERORS THROUGH HIM THAT LOVED US.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00289-00033653-00033660": "THROUGH HIM THAT LOVED US.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00290-00033660-00033913": "THROUGH HIM THAT LOVED US. FOR I AM PERSUADED THAT", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00291-00033913-00033920": "FOR I AM PERSUADED THAT", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00292-00033920-00034200": "FOR I AM PERSUADED THAT NEITHER DEATH NOR LIFE,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00293-00034200-00034207": "NEITHER DEATH NOR LIFE,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00294-00034207-00034551": "NEITHER DEATH NOR LIFE, NOR ANGELS NOR PRINCIPALITIES", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00295-00034551-00034557": "NOR ANGELS NOR PRINCIPALITIES", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00296-00034557-00035008": "NOR ANGELS NOR PRINCIPALITIES NOR POWERS, NOR THINGS PRESENT,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00297-00035008-00035014": "NOR POWERS, NOR THINGS PRESENT,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00298-00035014-00035208": "NOR POWERS, NOR THINGS PRESENT, NOR THINGS TO COME,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00299-00035208-00035215": "NOR THINGS TO COME,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00300-00035215-00035422": "NOR THINGS TO COME, NOR HEIGHT, NOR DEPTH,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00301-00035422-00035428": "NOR HEIGHT, NOR DEPTH,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00302-00035428-00035672": "NOR HEIGHT, NOR DEPTH, NOR ANY OTHER CREATURE,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00303-00035672-00035678": "NOR ANY OTHER CREATURE,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00304-00035678-00036079": "NOR ANY OTHER CREATURE, SHALL BE ABLE TO SEPARATE US", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00305-00036079-00036086": "SHALL BE ABLE TO SEPARATE US", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00306-00036086-00036282": "SHALL BE ABLE TO SEPARATE US FROM THE LOVE OF GOD", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00307-00036282-00036289": "FROM THE LOVE OF GOD", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00308-00036289-00036372": "FROM THE LOVE OF GOD WHICH IS IN", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00309-00036372-00036379": "WHICH IS IN", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00310-00036379-00036736": "WHICH IS IN CHRIST JESUS OUR LORD.\"", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00311-00036736-00036743": "CHRIST JESUS OUR LORD.\"", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00312-00036743-00036956": "CHRIST JESUS OUR LORD.\" I WANT YOU TO SAY WITH ME,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00313-00036956-00036963": "I WANT YOU TO SAY WITH ME,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00314-00036963-00037323": "I WANT YOU TO SAY WITH ME, \"GOD STILL REMAINS.\"", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00315-00037323-00037330": "\"GOD STILL REMAINS.\"", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00316-00037330-00037610": "\"GOD STILL REMAINS.\" I WANT US TO SAY IT", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00317-00037610-00037617": "I WANT US TO SAY IT", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00318-00037617-00037734": "I WANT US TO SAY IT SO THE PEOPLE", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00319-00037734-00037741": "SO THE PEOPLE", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00320-00037741-00037801": "SO THE PEOPLE WHO ARE WATCHING", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00321-00037801-00037807": "WHO ARE WATCHING", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00322-00037807-00037991": "WHO ARE WATCHING ALL OVER THE WORLD,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00323-00037991-00037997": "ALL OVER THE WORLD,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00324-00037997-00038081": "ALL OVER THE WORLD, WHO MIGHT BE DEALING", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00325-00038081-00038088": "WHO MIGHT BE DEALING", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00326-00038088-00038274": "WHO MIGHT BE DEALING WITH CATASTROPHIC FEELINGS,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00327-00038274-00038281": "WITH CATASTROPHIC FEELINGS,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00328-00038281-00038531": "WITH CATASTROPHIC FEELINGS, GRIEF, SORROW, ANXIETY,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00329-00038531-00038538": "GRIEF, SORROW, ANXIETY,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00330-00038538-00038842": "GRIEF, SORROW, ANXIETY, STRESS, ANGER, I WANT YOU TO SAY", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00331-00038842-00038848": "STRESS, ANGER, I WANT YOU TO SAY", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00332-00038848-00039032": "STRESS, ANGER, I WANT YOU TO SAY THIS WITH ME ONE MORE TIME,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00333-00039032-00039038": "THIS WITH ME ONE MORE TIME,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00334-00039038-00039175": "THIS WITH ME ONE MORE TIME, BECAUSE WE WANT TO SEND", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00335-00039175-00039182": "BECAUSE WE WANT TO SEND", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00336-00039182-00039335": "BECAUSE WE WANT TO SEND THE ENERGY OF COMPASSION", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00337-00039335-00039342": "THE ENERGY OF COMPASSION", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00338-00039342-00039529": "THE ENERGY OF COMPASSION THROUGHOUT THE WORLD RIGHT NOW.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00339-00039529-00039536": "THROUGHOUT THE WORLD RIGHT NOW.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00340-00039536-00039672": "THROUGHOUT THE WORLD RIGHT NOW. I WANT YOU TO SAY IT,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00341-00039672-00039679": "I WANT YOU TO SAY IT,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00342-00039679-00039819": "I WANT YOU TO SAY IT, \"GOD STILL REMAINS.\"", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00343-00039819-00039826": "\"GOD STILL REMAINS.\"", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00344-00039826-00039886": "\"GOD STILL REMAINS.\" >> Congregation: GOD", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00345-00039886-00039893": ">> Congregation: GOD", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00346-00039893-00040019": ">> Congregation: GOD STILL REMAINS.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00347-00040019-00040026": "STILL REMAINS.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00348-00040026-00040120": "STILL REMAINS. WE'RE ABOUT TO GET THERE", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00349-00040120-00040126": "WE'RE ABOUT TO GET THERE", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00350-00040126-00040216": "WE'RE ABOUT TO GET THERE BECAUSE SOMETIMES", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00351-00040216-00040223": "BECAUSE SOMETIMES", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00352-00040223-00040336": "BECAUSE SOMETIMES IT'S GOOD TO UNDERSTAND", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00353-00040336-00040343": "IT'S GOOD TO UNDERSTAND", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00354-00040343-00040750": "IT'S GOOD TO UNDERSTAND THAT GOD STILL REMAINS.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00355-00040750-00040757": "THAT GOD STILL REMAINS.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00356-00040757-00041341": "THAT GOD STILL REMAINS. HAVE YOU EVER NEEDED HIM?", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00357-00041341-00041347": "HAVE YOU EVER NEEDED HIM?", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00358-00041347-00041588": "HAVE YOU EVER NEEDED HIM? WELL LET ME TALK ABOUT ME.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00359-00041588-00041594": "WELL LET ME TALK ABOUT ME.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00360-00041594-00041758": "WELL LET ME TALK ABOUT ME. I NEED HIM.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00361-00041758-00041765": "I NEED HIM.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00362-00041765-00042008": "I NEED HIM. HAVE YOU EVER NEEDED HIM?", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00363-00042008-00042015": "HAVE YOU EVER NEEDED HIM?", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00364-00042015-00042162": "HAVE YOU EVER NEEDED HIM? HAVE YOU EVER GONE THROUGH", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00365-00042162-00042168": "HAVE YOU EVER GONE THROUGH", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00366-00042168-00042278": "HAVE YOU EVER GONE THROUGH SOMETHING IN LIFE", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00367-00042278-00042285": "SOMETHING IN LIFE", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00368-00042285-00042398": "SOMETHING IN LIFE AND YOU DIDN'T KNOW", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00369-00042398-00042405": "AND YOU DIDN'T KNOW", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00370-00042405-00042622": "AND YOU DIDN'T KNOW WHAT GOD WAS DOING?", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00371-00042622-00042629": "WHAT GOD WAS DOING?", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00372-00042629-00042872": "WHAT GOD WAS DOING? YOU WANTED TO ASK GOD WHY?", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00373-00042872-00042879": "YOU WANTED TO ASK GOD WHY?", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00374-00042879-00043143": "YOU WANTED TO ASK GOD WHY? WHY ME, WHY NOW?", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00375-00043143-00043149": "WHY ME, WHY NOW?", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00376-00043149-00043500": "WHY ME, WHY NOW? WHY NOT SOMEONE ELSE?", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00377-00043500-00043506": "WHY NOT SOMEONE ELSE?", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00378-00043506-00043760": "WHY NOT SOMEONE ELSE? BUT GOD STILL REMAINS.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00379-00043760-00043767": "BUT GOD STILL REMAINS.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00380-00043767-00043833": "BUT GOD STILL REMAINS. WE'RE GOING TO TALK ABOUT", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00381-00043833-00043840": "WE'RE GOING TO TALK ABOUT", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00382-00043840-00044007": "WE'RE GOING TO TALK ABOUT SOME VICTORIES AND SOME KEYS", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00383-00044007-00044013": "SOME VICTORIES AND SOME KEYS", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00384-00044013-00044124": "SOME VICTORIES AND SOME KEYS THAT WE'VE GOT TO UNDERSTAND", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00385-00044124-00044130": "THAT WE'VE GOT TO UNDERSTAND", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00386-00044130-00044270": "THAT WE'VE GOT TO UNDERSTAND THAT WE MUST DO IN ORDER", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00387-00044270-00044277": "THAT WE MUST DO IN ORDER", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00388-00044277-00044577": "THAT WE MUST DO IN ORDER TO HAVE VICTORY IN OUR LIVES.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00389-00044577-00044584": "TO HAVE VICTORY IN OUR LIVES.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00390-00044584-00044667": "TO HAVE VICTORY IN OUR LIVES. I'D LOVE TO BE ABLE", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00391-00044667-00044674": "I'D LOVE TO BE ABLE", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00392-00044674-00044851": "I'D LOVE TO BE ABLE TO ADDRESS SOMETHING,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00393-00044851-00044858": "TO ADDRESS SOMETHING,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00394-00044858-00044911": "TO ADDRESS SOMETHING, AND I WANT TO TALK", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00395-00044911-00044918": "AND I WANT TO TALK", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00396-00044918-00045028": "AND I WANT TO TALK TO THE BODY OF CHRIST", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00397-00045028-00045034": "TO THE BODY OF CHRIST", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00398-00045034-00045225": "TO THE BODY OF CHRIST FOR ONE MOMENT.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00399-00045225-00045231": "FOR ONE MOMENT.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00400-00045231-00045605": "FOR ONE MOMENT. THE ISSUE IS NOT OUR RITUALISM.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00401-00045605-00045612": "THE ISSUE IS NOT OUR RITUALISM.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00402-00045612-00045812": "THE ISSUE IS NOT OUR RITUALISM. THE ISSUE IS NOT", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00403-00045812-00045819": "THE ISSUE IS NOT", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00404-00045819-00045985": "THE ISSUE IS NOT THE INTERPRETATION", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00405-00045985-00045992": "THE INTERPRETATION", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00406-00045992-00046289": "THE INTERPRETATION OF WHO'S RIGHT AND WHO'S WRONG.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00407-00046289-00046296": "OF WHO'S RIGHT AND WHO'S WRONG.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00408-00046296-00046639": "OF WHO'S RIGHT AND WHO'S WRONG. THE ISSUE IS NOT DOCTRINE.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00409-00046639-00046646": "THE ISSUE IS NOT DOCTRINE.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00410-00046646-00046770": "THE ISSUE IS NOT DOCTRINE. THE ISSUE IS NOT", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00411-00046770-00046776": "THE ISSUE IS NOT", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00412-00046776-00046986": "THE ISSUE IS NOT RELIGIOUS TACTICS.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00413-00046986-00046993": "RELIGIOUS TACTICS.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00414-00046993-00047323": "RELIGIOUS TACTICS. THE ISSUE IS EVIL CAME", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00415-00047323-00047330": "THE ISSUE IS EVIL CAME", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00416-00047330-00047694": "THE ISSUE IS EVIL CAME IN ORLANDO AND THOUGHT", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00417-00047694-00047700": "IN ORLANDO AND THOUGHT", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00418-00047700-00047961": "IN ORLANDO AND THOUGHT THAT EVIL WAS GOING TO WIN,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00419-00047961-00047967": "THAT EVIL WAS GOING TO WIN,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00420-00047967-00048334": "THAT EVIL WAS GOING TO WIN, BUT GOD STILL REMAINS.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00421-00048334-00048341": "BUT GOD STILL REMAINS.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00422-00048341-00048475": "BUT GOD STILL REMAINS. I WANT SOMEBODY TO GIVE GOD", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00423-00048475-00048481": "I WANT SOMEBODY TO GIVE GOD", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00424-00048481-00049205": "I WANT SOMEBODY TO GIVE GOD A PRAISE THAT GOD STILL REMAINS.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00425-00049205-00049212": "A PRAISE THAT GOD STILL REMAINS.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00426-00049212-00049469": "A PRAISE THAT GOD STILL REMAINS. I'VE BEEN ASKED,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00427-00049469-00049476": "I'VE BEEN ASKED,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00428-00049476-00049659": "I'VE BEEN ASKED, ONE OF MY MEMBERS LOST SIX", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00429-00049659-00049666": "ONE OF MY MEMBERS LOST SIX", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00430-00049666-00049956": "ONE OF MY MEMBERS LOST SIX OF THEIR COWORKERS", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00431-00049956-00049963": "OF THEIR COWORKERS", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00432-00049963-00050340": "OF THEIR COWORKERS IN THIS TRAGEDY, AND QUESTIONS", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00433-00050340-00050346": "IN THIS TRAGEDY, AND QUESTIONS", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00434-00050346-00050600": "IN THIS TRAGEDY, AND QUESTIONS ARE BEING ASKED.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00435-00050600-00050607": "ARE BEING ASKED.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00436-00050607-00050837": "ARE BEING ASKED. AND THEN MANY", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00437-00050837-00050844": "AND THEN MANY", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00438-00050844-00051067": "AND THEN MANY IN THE RELIGIOUS COMMUNITY", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00439-00051067-00051074": "IN THE RELIGIOUS COMMUNITY", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00440-00051074-00051294": "IN THE RELIGIOUS COMMUNITY WILL MAYBE TRY TO OVERSTEP", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00441-00051294-00051301": "WILL MAYBE TRY TO OVERSTEP", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00442-00051301-00051614": "WILL MAYBE TRY TO OVERSTEP THEIR BOUNDARIES TO DETERMINE", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00443-00051614-00051621": "THEIR BOUNDARIES TO DETERMINE", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00444-00051621-00051721": "THEIR BOUNDARIES TO DETERMINE WHO WAS LOST,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00445-00051721-00051728": "WHO WAS LOST,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00446-00051728-00051985": "WHO WAS LOST, OR PERHAPS WHO WAS SAVED.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00447-00051985-00051991": "OR PERHAPS WHO WAS SAVED.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00448-00051991-00052225": "OR PERHAPS WHO WAS SAVED. THAT IS NOT OUR JOB.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00449-00052225-00052232": "THAT IS NOT OUR JOB.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00450-00052232-00052429": "THAT IS NOT OUR JOB. OUR JOB IS TO DECLARE", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00451-00052429-00052435": "OUR JOB IS TO DECLARE", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00452-00052435-00052542": "OUR JOB IS TO DECLARE THE NAME OF THE LORD", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00453-00052542-00052549": "THE NAME OF THE LORD", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00454-00052549-00052735": "THE NAME OF THE LORD IN THE EARTH", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00455-00052735-00052742": "IN THE EARTH", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00456-00052742-00052892": "IN THE EARTH THAT GOD STILL REMAINS.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00457-00052892-00052899": "THAT GOD STILL REMAINS.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00458-00052899-00052952": "THAT GOD STILL REMAINS. SAY THAT WITH ME,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00459-00052952-00052959": "SAY THAT WITH ME,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00460-00052959-00053259": "SAY THAT WITH ME, \"GOD STILL REMAINS.\"", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00461-00053259-00053266": "\"GOD STILL REMAINS.\"", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00462-00053266-00053446": "\"GOD STILL REMAINS.\" I LIKE TO THINK THAT", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00463-00053446-00053453": "I LIKE TO THINK THAT", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00464-00053453-00053536": "I LIKE TO THINK THAT WHEN I THINK ABOUT", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00465-00053536-00053543": "WHEN I THINK ABOUT", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00466-00053543-00053750": "WHEN I THINK ABOUT THIS HORRIFIC ACT,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00467-00053750-00053757": "THIS HORRIFIC ACT,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00468-00053757-00053816": "THIS HORRIFIC ACT, AND I'M NOT TRYING", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00469-00053816-00053823": "AND I'M NOT TRYING", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00470-00053823-00054244": "AND I'M NOT TRYING TO BE A DIVINE INTERPRETER,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00471-00054244-00054250": "TO BE A DIVINE INTERPRETER,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00472-00054250-00054651": "TO BE A DIVINE INTERPRETER, BUT WHEN THE NAME OF THE PLACE", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00473-00054651-00054657": "BUT WHEN THE NAME OF THE PLACE", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00474-00054657-00054884": "BUT WHEN THE NAME OF THE PLACE IN WHICH WAS ATTACKED", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00475-00054884-00054891": "IN WHICH WAS ATTACKED", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00476-00054891-00055131": "IN WHICH WAS ATTACKED WITH THIS HORRIFIC MURDER,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00477-00055131-00055138": "WITH THIS HORRIFIC MURDER,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00478-00055138-00055241": "WITH THIS HORRIFIC MURDER, THE NAME OF THE PLACE", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00479-00055241-00055248": "THE NAME OF THE PLACE", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00480-00055248-00055542": "THE NAME OF THE PLACE WAS CALLED \"PULSE.\"", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00481-00055542-00055548": "WAS CALLED \"PULSE.\"", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00482-00055548-00055819": "WAS CALLED \"PULSE.\" AND WHEN I THINK ABOUT THAT,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00483-00055819-00055825": "AND WHEN I THINK ABOUT THAT,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00484-00055825-00056352": "AND WHEN I THINK ABOUT THAT, A PULSE IS INDICATIVE OR A SIGN", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00485-00056352-00056359": "A PULSE IS INDICATIVE OR A SIGN", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00486-00056359-00056773": "A PULSE IS INDICATIVE OR A SIGN THAT THERE IS STILL LIFE.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00487-00056773-00056779": "THAT THERE IS STILL LIFE.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00488-00056779-00056953": "THAT THERE IS STILL LIFE. I'M GOING TO SAY THAT AGAIN.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00489-00056953-00056960": "I'M GOING TO SAY THAT AGAIN.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00490-00056960-00057076": "I'M GOING TO SAY THAT AGAIN. WHEN MOST PEOPLE THINK", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00491-00057076-00057083": "WHEN MOST PEOPLE THINK", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00492-00057083-00057220": "WHEN MOST PEOPLE THINK THAT SOMETHING IS OVER,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00493-00057220-00057227": "THAT SOMETHING IS OVER,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00494-00057227-00057640": "THAT SOMETHING IS OVER, THEY CHECK THE PULSE,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00495-00057640-00057647": "THEY CHECK THE PULSE,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00496-00057647-00057784": "THEY CHECK THE PULSE, BUT I'M GOING TO LET YOU KNOW", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00497-00057784-00057791": "BUT I'M GOING TO LET YOU KNOW", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00498-00057791-00057927": "BUT I'M GOING TO LET YOU KNOW THAT THE GOD THAT WE SERVE,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00499-00057927-00057934": "THAT THE GOD THAT WE SERVE,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00500-00057934-00058158": "THAT THE GOD THAT WE SERVE, EVEN THOUGH THERE MIGHT HAVE", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00501-00058158-00058164": "EVEN THOUGH THERE MIGHT HAVE", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00502-00058164-00058254": "EVEN THOUGH THERE MIGHT HAVE BEEN LOSS OF LIFE", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00503-00058254-00058261": "BEEN LOSS OF LIFE", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00504-00058261-00058535": "BEEN LOSS OF LIFE FOR 49 PEOPLE,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00505-00058535-00058541": "FOR 49 PEOPLE,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00506-00058541-00058791": "FOR 49 PEOPLE, THERE STILL IS A PULSE", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00507-00058791-00058798": "THERE STILL IS A PULSE", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00508-00058798-00059112": "THERE STILL IS A PULSE IN THE KINGDOM, THERE STILL", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00509-00059112-00059119": "IN THE KINGDOM, THERE STILL", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00510-00059119-00059242": "IN THE KINGDOM, THERE STILL IS A SIGN OF LIFE THAT", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00511-00059242-00059249": "IS A SIGN OF LIFE THAT", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00512-00059249-00059579": "IS A SIGN OF LIFE THAT WE SAY THAT GOD STILL REMAINS.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00513-00059579-00059586": "WE SAY THAT GOD STILL REMAINS.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00514-00059586-00059676": "WE SAY THAT GOD STILL REMAINS. I WANT TO SHARE", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00515-00059676-00059682": "I WANT TO SHARE", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00516-00059682-00059853": "I WANT TO SHARE WITH THOSE FAMILY MEMBERS,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00517-00059853-00059859": "WITH THOSE FAMILY MEMBERS,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00518-00059859-00060053": "WITH THOSE FAMILY MEMBERS, WE ARE LOVING YOU", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00519-00060053-00060059": "WE ARE LOVING YOU", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00520-00060059-00060263": "WE ARE LOVING YOU FROM THIS LOCATION.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00521-00060263-00060270": "FROM THIS LOCATION.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00522-00060270-00060370": "FROM THIS LOCATION. WE ARE SUPPORTING YOU", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00523-00060370-00060376": "WE ARE SUPPORTING YOU", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00524-00060376-00060570": "WE ARE SUPPORTING YOU FROM THE CHURCH OF ALL NATIONS.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00525-00060570-00060577": "FROM THE CHURCH OF ALL NATIONS.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00526-00060577-00060774": "FROM THE CHURCH OF ALL NATIONS. I WANT TO LET EVIL KNOW", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00527-00060774-00060780": "I WANT TO LET EVIL KNOW", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00528-00060780-00060890": "I WANT TO LET EVIL KNOW THAT GOD IS STILL", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00529-00060890-00060897": "THAT GOD IS STILL", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00530-00060897-00061211": "THAT GOD IS STILL IN CONTROL OF THE UNIVERSE.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00531-00061211-00061217": "IN CONTROL OF THE UNIVERSE.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00532-00061217-00061484": "IN CONTROL OF THE UNIVERSE. I WANT TO LET ATTACKS KNOW", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00533-00061484-00061491": "I WANT TO LET ATTACKS KNOW", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00534-00061491-00061661": "I WANT TO LET ATTACKS KNOW THAT WE WILL NOT BE OVERCAME", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00535-00061661-00061668": "THAT WE WILL NOT BE OVERCAME", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00536-00061668-00061765": "THAT WE WILL NOT BE OVERCAME BY EVIL, BUT WE'RE GOING", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00537-00061765-00061771": "BY EVIL, BUT WE'RE GOING", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00538-00061771-00062132": "BY EVIL, BUT WE'RE GOING TO OVERCOME EVIL WITH GOOD.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00539-00062132-00062138": "TO OVERCOME EVIL WITH GOOD.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00540-00062138-00062435": "TO OVERCOME EVIL WITH GOOD. BECAUSE LIFE IS STILL REMAINING", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00541-00062435-00062442": "BECAUSE LIFE IS STILL REMAINING", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00542-00062442-00062729": "BECAUSE LIFE IS STILL REMAINING BECAUSE AFTER THIS HAS HAPPENED,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00543-00062729-00062735": "BECAUSE AFTER THIS HAS HAPPENED,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00544-00062735-00062839": "BECAUSE AFTER THIS HAS HAPPENED, WE'RE GOING TO LET", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00545-00062839-00062846": "WE'RE GOING TO LET", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00546-00062846-00062992": "WE'RE GOING TO LET THE WHOLE WORLD KNOW", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00547-00062992-00062999": "THE WHOLE WORLD KNOW", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00548-00062999-00063106": "THE WHOLE WORLD KNOW THAT THERE ARE PEOPLE", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00549-00063106-00063113": "THAT THERE ARE PEOPLE", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00550-00063113-00063429": "THAT THERE ARE PEOPLE THAT WILL STAND ON THEIR KNEES,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00551-00063429-00063436": "THAT WILL STAND ON THEIR KNEES,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00552-00063436-00063513": "THAT WILL STAND ON THEIR KNEES, I'LL SAY IT AGAIN,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00553-00063513-00063520": "I'LL SAY IT AGAIN,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00554-00063520-00063777": "I'LL SAY IT AGAIN, THAT WILL STAND ON THEIR KNEES,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00555-00063777-00063783": "THAT WILL STAND ON THEIR KNEES,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00556-00063783-00063967": "THAT WILL STAND ON THEIR KNEES, AND LET THE WORLD KNOW", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00557-00063967-00063973": "AND LET THE WORLD KNOW", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00558-00063973-00064144": "AND LET THE WORLD KNOW THAT THE NAME OF JESUS", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00559-00064144-00064150": "THAT THE NAME OF JESUS", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00560-00064150-00064337": "THAT THE NAME OF JESUS STILL LIVES.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00561-00064337-00064344": "STILL LIVES.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00562-00064344-00064661": "STILL LIVES. THE LOVE OF GOD STILL LIVES.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00563-00064661-00064667": "THE LOVE OF GOD STILL LIVES.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00564-00064667-00064841": "THE LOVE OF GOD STILL LIVES. SO WHAT CAN WE SAY", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00565-00064841-00064848": "SO WHAT CAN WE SAY", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00566-00064848-00064961": "SO WHAT CAN WE SAY TO THESE THINGS?", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00567-00064971-00065115": "WHAT CAN WE SAY TO ALL", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00568-00065115-00065121": "WHAT CAN WE SAY TO ALL", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00569-00065121-00065245": "WHAT CAN WE SAY TO ALL THE HORRIFIC ACTS", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00570-00065245-00065251": "THE HORRIFIC ACTS", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00571-00065251-00065348": "THE HORRIFIC ACTS THAT HAVE HAPPENED", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00572-00065348-00065355": "THAT HAVE HAPPENED", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00573-00065355-00065472": "THAT HAVE HAPPENED IN ORLANDO, FLORIDA,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00574-00065472-00065478": "IN ORLANDO, FLORIDA,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00575-00065478-00065638": "IN ORLANDO, FLORIDA, IN THE LAST SEVEN DAYS?", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00576-00065638-00065645": "IN THE LAST SEVEN DAYS?", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00577-00065645-00065862": "IN THE LAST SEVEN DAYS? WHAT CAN WE SAY TO TRAGEDY?", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00578-00065862-00065869": "WHAT CAN WE SAY TO TRAGEDY?", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00579-00065869-00066099": "WHAT CAN WE SAY TO TRAGEDY? WHAT CAN WE SAY TO MURDER?", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00580-00066099-00066106": "WHAT CAN WE SAY TO MURDER?", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00581-00066106-00066209": "WHAT CAN WE SAY TO MURDER? WHAT CAN WE SAY", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00582-00066209-00066216": "WHAT CAN WE SAY", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00583-00066216-00066402": "WHAT CAN WE SAY TO THE LOSS OF LIFE?", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00584-00066402-00066409": "TO THE LOSS OF LIFE?", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00585-00066409-00066840": "TO THE LOSS OF LIFE? IF GOD BE FOR US,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00586-00066840-00066846": "IF GOD BE FOR US,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00587-00066846-00067020": "IF GOD BE FOR US, IT DOESN'T MATTER", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00588-00067020-00067026": "IT DOESN'T MATTER", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00589-00067026-00067237": "IT DOESN'T MATTER WHO IS AGAINST US", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00590-00067237-00067243": "WHO IS AGAINST US", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00591-00067243-00067674": "WHO IS AGAINST US BECAUSE GOD STILL REMAINS.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00592-00067684-00067924": "THE ONE THING I LOVE ABOUT GOD", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00593-00067924-00067931": "THE ONE THING I LOVE ABOUT GOD", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00594-00067931-00068314": "THE ONE THING I LOVE ABOUT GOD IS YOU CAN'T GET RID OF HIM.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00595-00068314-00068321": "IS YOU CAN'T GET RID OF HIM.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00596-00068321-00068521": "IS YOU CAN'T GET RID OF HIM. EVEN THOUGH YOU MIGHT TRY", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00597-00068521-00068528": "EVEN THOUGH YOU MIGHT TRY", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00598-00068528-00068725": "EVEN THOUGH YOU MIGHT TRY TO GET RID OF ME,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00599-00068725-00068731": "TO GET RID OF ME,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00600-00068731-00069038": "TO GET RID OF ME, YOU CAN'T GET RID OF HIM.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00601-00069038-00069045": "YOU CAN'T GET RID OF HIM.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00602-00069045-00069159": "YOU CAN'T GET RID OF HIM. AND REALLY, YOU CAN'T GET", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00603-00069159-00069165": "AND REALLY, YOU CAN'T GET", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00604-00069165-00069599": "AND REALLY, YOU CAN'T GET RID OF ME BECAUSE I'M IN HIM.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00605-00069599-00069606": "RID OF ME BECAUSE I'M IN HIM.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00606-00069606-00069796": "RID OF ME BECAUSE I'M IN HIM. IS THERE ANYBODY HERE GLAD", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00607-00069796-00069803": "IS THERE ANYBODY HERE GLAD", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00608-00069803-00070193": "IS THERE ANYBODY HERE GLAD TO KNOW THAT YOU ARE IN HIM?", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00609-00070193-00070200": "TO KNOW THAT YOU ARE IN HIM?", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00610-00070200-00070336": "TO KNOW THAT YOU ARE IN HIM? YOU KNOW WHAT'S EXCITING?", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00611-00070336-00070343": "YOU KNOW WHAT'S EXCITING?", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00612-00070343-00070503": "YOU KNOW WHAT'S EXCITING? I'M NOT JUST EXCITED THAT", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00613-00070503-00070510": "I'M NOT JUST EXCITED THAT", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00614-00070510-00070727": "I'M NOT JUST EXCITED THAT I'M IN HIM, I'M EVEN", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00615-00070727-00070733": "I'M IN HIM, I'M EVEN", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00616-00070733-00070934": "I'M IN HIM, I'M EVEN MORE EXCITED, ECSTATIC,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00617-00070934-00070940": "MORE EXCITED, ECSTATIC,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00618-00070940-00071207": "MORE EXCITED, ECSTATIC, EXUBERANT THAT HE'S IN ME.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00619-00071207-00071214": "EXUBERANT THAT HE'S IN ME.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00620-00071214-00071541": "EXUBERANT THAT HE'S IN ME. FOR GREATER IS HE THAT IS IN ME", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00621-00071541-00071548": "FOR GREATER IS HE THAT IS IN ME", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00622-00071548-00071744": "FOR GREATER IS HE THAT IS IN ME THAN HE THAT IS IN THE WORLD.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00623-00071744-00071751": "THAN HE THAT IS IN THE WORLD.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00624-00071751-00071888": "THAN HE THAT IS IN THE WORLD. I'VE BEEN SEEKING GOD,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00625-00071888-00071895": "I'VE BEEN SEEKING GOD,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00626-00071895-00071981": "I'VE BEEN SEEKING GOD, AND I WANT TO JUST", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00627-00071981-00071988": "AND I WANT TO JUST", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00628-00071988-00072112": "AND I WANT TO JUST SHARE SOMETHING WITH YOU.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00629-00072112-00072118": "SHARE SOMETHING WITH YOU.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00630-00072118-00072265": "SHARE SOMETHING WITH YOU. I'VE BEEN SEEKING GOD,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00631-00072265-00072272": "I'VE BEEN SEEKING GOD,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00632-00072272-00072362": "I'VE BEEN SEEKING GOD, AND I'VE BEEN ASKING", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00633-00072362-00072368": "AND I'VE BEEN ASKING", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00634-00072368-00072605": "AND I'VE BEEN ASKING GOD SOME QUESTIONS.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00635-00072605-00072612": "GOD SOME QUESTIONS.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00636-00072612-00072749": "GOD SOME QUESTIONS. I WANT CLARITY.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00637-00072749-00072756": "I WANT CLARITY.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00638-00072756-00072836": "I WANT CLARITY. I DON'T WANT TO STAND", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00639-00072836-00072842": "I DON'T WANT TO STAND", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00640-00072842-00072966": "I DON'T WANT TO STAND BEFORE YOU, AND WE DON'T WANT", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00641-00072966-00072972": "BEFORE YOU, AND WE DON'T WANT", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00642-00072972-00073059": "BEFORE YOU, AND WE DON'T WANT TO STAND BEFORE YOU", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00643-00073059-00073066": "TO STAND BEFORE YOU", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00644-00073066-00073193": "TO STAND BEFORE YOU FROM THE TRINITY BROADCAST", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00645-00073193-00073199": "FROM THE TRINITY BROADCAST", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00646-00073199-00073500": "FROM THE TRINITY BROADCAST TRYING TO BE AN EXPERT,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00647-00073500-00073506": "TRYING TO BE AN EXPERT,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00648-00073506-00073660": "TRYING TO BE AN EXPERT, OR TRYING TO BE", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00649-00073660-00073666": "OR TRYING TO BE", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00650-00073666-00074043": "OR TRYING TO BE AN EXPERT OF DIVINE THEOLOGY.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00651-00074043-00074050": "AN EXPERT OF DIVINE THEOLOGY.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00652-00074050-00074287": "AN EXPERT OF DIVINE THEOLOGY. WE ARE IN OUR HUMANITY.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00653-00074287-00074294": "WE ARE IN OUR HUMANITY.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00654-00074294-00074497": "WE ARE IN OUR HUMANITY. WE NEED SPIRITUAL ANSWERS.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00655-00074497-00074504": "WE NEED SPIRITUAL ANSWERS.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00656-00074504-00074611": "WE NEED SPIRITUAL ANSWERS. AND ONE OF THE THINGS", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00657-00074611-00074617": "AND ONE OF THE THINGS", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00658-00074617-00074824": "AND ONE OF THE THINGS THAT GOD SPOKE TO ME CLEARLY,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00659-00074824-00074831": "THAT GOD SPOKE TO ME CLEARLY,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00660-00074831-00075031": "THAT GOD SPOKE TO ME CLEARLY, HE SAID, YOU NEED TO UNDERSTAND", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00661-00075031-00075038": "HE SAID, YOU NEED TO UNDERSTAND", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00662-00075038-00075285": "HE SAID, YOU NEED TO UNDERSTAND THAT DEATH IS A MYSTERY.\"", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00663-00075285-00075291": "THAT DEATH IS A MYSTERY.\"", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00664-00075291-00075518": "THAT DEATH IS A MYSTERY.\" DEATH IS A MYSTERY.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00665-00075518-00075525": "DEATH IS A MYSTERY.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00666-00075525-00075745": "DEATH IS A MYSTERY. DEATH IS A MYSTERY.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00667-00075745-00075752": "DEATH IS A MYSTERY.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00668-00075752-00076039": "DEATH IS A MYSTERY. NONE OF US KNOW THE STATE", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00669-00076039-00076045": "NONE OF US KNOW THE STATE", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00670-00076045-00076212": "NONE OF US KNOW THE STATE OF ONE OF THE INDIVIDUALS", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00671-00076212-00076219": "OF ONE OF THE INDIVIDUALS", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00672-00076219-00076406": "OF ONE OF THE INDIVIDUALS THAT LOST THEIR LIFE.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00673-00076406-00076412": "THAT LOST THEIR LIFE.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00674-00076412-00076596": "THAT LOST THEIR LIFE. NONE OF US WERE THERE", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00675-00076596-00076603": "NONE OF US WERE THERE", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00676-00076603-00076816": "NONE OF US WERE THERE TO HEAR THE LAST WORDS.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00677-00076816-00076823": "TO HEAR THE LAST WORDS.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00678-00076823-00077066": "TO HEAR THE LAST WORDS. NONE OF US WHERE THERE.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00679-00077066-00077073": "NONE OF US WHERE THERE.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00680-00077073-00077320": "NONE OF US WHERE THERE. NONE OF US WERE THERE", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00681-00077320-00077327": "NONE OF US WERE THERE", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00682-00077327-00077560": "NONE OF US WERE THERE TO KNOW THE FELLOWSHIP", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00683-00077560-00077567": "TO KNOW THE FELLOWSHIP", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00684-00077567-00077927": "TO KNOW THE FELLOWSHIP THAT ANY VICTIM HAD WITH ME.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00685-00077927-00077934": "THAT ANY VICTIM HAD WITH ME.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00686-00077934-00078198": "THAT ANY VICTIM HAD WITH ME. DEATH IS A MYSTERY.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00687-00078198-00078204": "DEATH IS A MYSTERY.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00688-00078204-00078434": "DEATH IS A MYSTERY. DEATH IS A MYSTERY,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00689-00078434-00078441": "DEATH IS A MYSTERY,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00690-00078441-00078698": "DEATH IS A MYSTERY, BUT LIFE IS ETERNAL.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00691-00078698-00078705": "BUT LIFE IS ETERNAL.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00692-00078705-00078892": "BUT LIFE IS ETERNAL. LIFE IN GOD IS ETERNAL.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00693-00078892-00078898": "LIFE IN GOD IS ETERNAL.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00694-00078898-00079052": "LIFE IN GOD IS ETERNAL. AND I JUST WANT TO GO", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00695-00079052-00079058": "AND I JUST WANT TO GO", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00696-00079058-00079225": "AND I JUST WANT TO GO AND NOT TRY TO EMOTIONALLY", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00697-00079225-00079232": "AND NOT TRY TO EMOTIONALLY", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00698-00079232-00079432": "AND NOT TRY TO EMOTIONALLY CARRY SOMEONE IN ANY PLACE,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00699-00079432-00079439": "CARRY SOMEONE IN ANY PLACE,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00700-00079439-00079669": "CARRY SOMEONE IN ANY PLACE, I JUST WANT TO STATE THE FACTS", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00701-00079669-00079676": "I JUST WANT TO STATE THE FACTS", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00702-00079676-00079849": "I JUST WANT TO STATE THE FACTS OF WHAT GOD SAID TO ME.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00703-00079849-00079856": "OF WHAT GOD SAID TO ME.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00704-00079856-00080180": "OF WHAT GOD SAID TO ME. WHAT GOD SAID TO ME IS, \"PASTOR,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00705-00080180-00080186": "WHAT GOD SAID TO ME IS, \"PASTOR,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00706-00080186-00080757": "WHAT GOD SAID TO ME IS, \"PASTOR, NO ONE KNOWS BUT ME.\"", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00707-00080757-00080764": "NO ONE KNOWS BUT ME.\"", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00708-00080764-00080974": "NO ONE KNOWS BUT ME.\" THE PROPHET DON'T KNOW,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00709-00080974-00080980": "THE PROPHET DON'T KNOW,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00710-00080980-00081201": "THE PROPHET DON'T KNOW, THE PASTOR DOESN'T KNOW,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00711-00081201-00081207": "THE PASTOR DOESN'T KNOW,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00712-00081207-00081347": "THE PASTOR DOESN'T KNOW, THE BISHOP DOESN'T KNOW,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00713-00081347-00081354": "THE BISHOP DOESN'T KNOW,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00714-00081354-00081538": "THE BISHOP DOESN'T KNOW, AND EVERY ONE THAT'S CLAIMING", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00715-00081538-00081544": "AND EVERY ONE THAT'S CLAIMING", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00716-00081544-00081875": "AND EVERY ONE THAT'S CLAIMING SPIRITUAL ACCOLADES DON'T KNOW.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00717-00081875-00081881": "SPIRITUAL ACCOLADES DON'T KNOW.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00718-00081881-00082218": "SPIRITUAL ACCOLADES DON'T KNOW. YOUR WALK WITH GOD IS PERSONAL.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00719-00082218-00082225": "YOUR WALK WITH GOD IS PERSONAL.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00720-00082225-00082632": "YOUR WALK WITH GOD IS PERSONAL. YOUR WALK WITH GOD IS PERSONAL.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00721-00082632-00082639": "YOUR WALK WITH GOD IS PERSONAL.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00722-00082639-00082802": "YOUR WALK WITH GOD IS PERSONAL. AND I BELIEVE THERE WAS", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00723-00082802-00082809": "AND I BELIEVE THERE WAS", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00724-00082809-00083026": "AND I BELIEVE THERE WAS SOME PEOPLE THAT THE ENEMY", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00725-00083026-00083032": "SOME PEOPLE THAT THE ENEMY", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00726-00083032-00083146": "SOME PEOPLE THAT THE ENEMY THOUGHT THAT HE HAD", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00727-00083146-00083153": "THOUGHT THAT HE HAD", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00728-00083153-00083296": "THOUGHT THAT HE HAD VICTORY OVER,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00729-00083296-00083303": "VICTORY OVER,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00730-00083303-00083463": "VICTORY OVER, AND SOME KIND OF WAY", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00731-00083463-00083470": "AND SOME KIND OF WAY", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00732-00083470-00083676": "AND SOME KIND OF WAY THEY LOOKED UP TOWARDS HEAVEN", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00733-00083676-00083683": "THEY LOOKED UP TOWARDS HEAVEN", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00734-00083683-00083910": "THEY LOOKED UP TOWARDS HEAVEN AND JUST SAID REMEMBER ME.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00735-00083910-00083917": "AND JUST SAID REMEMBER ME.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00736-00083917-00084073": "AND JUST SAID REMEMBER ME. GOD HELP ME.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00737-00084073-00084080": "GOD HELP ME.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00738-00084080-00084257": "GOD HELP ME. SOMEBODY OUGHT TO GIVE PRAISE", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00739-00084257-00084264": "SOMEBODY OUGHT TO GIVE PRAISE", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00740-00084264-00084641": "SOMEBODY OUGHT TO GIVE PRAISE FOR THE GOD THAT STILL REMAINS.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00741-00084641-00084647": "FOR THE GOD THAT STILL REMAINS.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00742-00084647-00084811": "FOR THE GOD THAT STILL REMAINS. I WANT US TO MAKE A NOISE", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00743-00084811-00084818": "I WANT US TO MAKE A NOISE", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00744-00084818-00084968": "I WANT US TO MAKE A NOISE IN THIS PLACE AND SHOUT", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00745-00084968-00084974": "IN THIS PLACE AND SHOUT", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00746-00084974-00085295": "IN THIS PLACE AND SHOUT \"GOD STILL REMAINS.\"", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00747-00085295-00085301": "\"GOD STILL REMAINS.\"", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00748-00085301-00085458": "\"GOD STILL REMAINS.\" I WANT YOU TO UNDERSTAND,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00749-00085458-00085465": "I WANT YOU TO UNDERSTAND,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00750-00085465-00085515": "I WANT YOU TO UNDERSTAND, I DON'T CARE WHAT", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00751-00085515-00085522": "I DON'T CARE WHAT", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00752-00085522-00085642": "I DON'T CARE WHAT THE ENEMY'S PLANNING,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00753-00085642-00085648": "THE ENEMY'S PLANNING,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00754-00085648-00085778": "THE ENEMY'S PLANNING, I DON'T CARE WHAT PLOT,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00755-00085778-00085785": "I DON'T CARE WHAT PLOT,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00756-00085785-00086049": "I DON'T CARE WHAT PLOT, I DON'T CARE WHAT SCHEME,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00757-00086049-00086055": "I DON'T CARE WHAT SCHEME,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00758-00086055-00086319": "I DON'T CARE WHAT SCHEME, NOTHING CAN SEPARATE US", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00759-00086319-00086326": "NOTHING CAN SEPARATE US", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00760-00086326-00086473": "NOTHING CAN SEPARATE US FROM THE LOVE OF GOD.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00761-00086473-00086479": "FROM THE LOVE OF GOD.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00762-00086479-00086786": "FROM THE LOVE OF GOD. EVEN YOU CAN'T SEPARATE US", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00763-00086786-00086793": "EVEN YOU CAN'T SEPARATE US", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00764-00086793-00086930": "EVEN YOU CAN'T SEPARATE US FROM THE LOVE OF GOD.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00765-00086930-00086936": "FROM THE LOVE OF GOD.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00766-00086936-00087240": "FROM THE LOVE OF GOD. EVEN SIN CAN'T SEPARATE US", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00767-00087240-00087247": "EVEN SIN CAN'T SEPARATE US", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00768-00087247-00087400": "EVEN SIN CAN'T SEPARATE US FROM THE LOVE OF GOD.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00769-00087400-00087407": "FROM THE LOVE OF GOD.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00770-00087407-00087587": "FROM THE LOVE OF GOD. EVEN YOUR BAD MISTAKES,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00771-00087587-00087594": "EVEN YOUR BAD MISTAKES,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00772-00087594-00087714": "EVEN YOUR BAD MISTAKES, AND MY ERRORS,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00773-00087714-00087720": "AND MY ERRORS,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00774-00087720-00087847": "AND MY ERRORS, CAN'T SEPARATE ME", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00775-00087847-00087854": "CAN'T SEPARATE ME", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00776-00087854-00087994": "CAN'T SEPARATE ME FROM THE LOVE OF GOD.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00777-00087994-00088001": "FROM THE LOVE OF GOD.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00778-00088001-00088087": "FROM THE LOVE OF GOD. YOU KNOW WHY?", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00779-00088087-00088094": "YOU KNOW WHY?", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00780-00088094-00088361": "YOU KNOW WHY? BECAUSE GOD IS LOVE.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00781-00088361-00088368": "BECAUSE GOD IS LOVE.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00782-00088368-00088508": "BECAUSE GOD IS LOVE. IN ORDER TO SEPARATE", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00783-00088508-00088515": "IN ORDER TO SEPARATE", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00784-00088515-00088628": "IN ORDER TO SEPARATE FROM HIS LOVE,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00785-00088628-00088635": "FROM HIS LOVE,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00786-00088635-00088745": "FROM HIS LOVE, THEN THAT MEANS THAT", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00787-00088745-00088751": "THEN THAT MEANS THAT", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00788-00088751-00088928": "THEN THAT MEANS THAT YOU WILL HAVE TO ASK GOD", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00789-00088928-00088935": "YOU WILL HAVE TO ASK GOD", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00790-00088935-00089062": "YOU WILL HAVE TO ASK GOD TO STOP BEING GOD,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00791-00089062-00089068": "TO STOP BEING GOD,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00792-00089068-00089239": "TO STOP BEING GOD, AND SINCE HE IS SOVEREIGN,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00793-00089239-00089245": "AND SINCE HE IS SOVEREIGN,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00794-00089245-00089382": "AND SINCE HE IS SOVEREIGN, DOES WHAT HE WANTS TO DO,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00795-00089382-00089389": "DOES WHAT HE WANTS TO DO,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00796-00089389-00089536": "DOES WHAT HE WANTS TO DO, WHEN HE WANTS TO DO IT,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00797-00089536-00089542": "WHEN HE WANTS TO DO IT,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00798-00089542-00089662": "WHEN HE WANTS TO DO IT, WHEN HE WANTS TO DO IT TO,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00799-00089662-00089669": "WHEN HE WANTS TO DO IT TO,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00800-00089669-00089793": "WHEN HE WANTS TO DO IT TO, WHO HE WANTS TO BLESS,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00801-00089793-00089799": "WHO HE WANTS TO BLESS,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00802-00089799-00089943": "WHO HE WANTS TO BLESS, WHO HE WANTS TO SAVE,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00803-00089943-00089949": "WHO HE WANTS TO SAVE,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00804-00089949-00090046": "WHO HE WANTS TO SAVE, AND YOU DON'T HAVE", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00805-00090046-00090053": "AND YOU DON'T HAVE", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00806-00090053-00090143": "AND YOU DON'T HAVE TO HAVE A RIGHT TO ATTEND", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00807-00090143-00090150": "TO HAVE A RIGHT TO ATTEND", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00808-00090150-00090273": "TO HAVE A RIGHT TO ATTEND THE MEETING,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00809-00090273-00090280": "THE MEETING,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00810-00090280-00090443": "THE MEETING, HE IS GOD BY HIMSELF.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00811-00090443-00090450": "HE IS GOD BY HIMSELF.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00812-00090450-00090600": "HE IS GOD BY HIMSELF. YOU CAN'T STOP HIM", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00813-00090600-00090607": "YOU CAN'T STOP HIM", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00814-00090607-00090733": "YOU CAN'T STOP HIM FROM LOVING YOU.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00815-00090733-00090740": "FROM LOVING YOU.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00816-00090740-00090850": "FROM LOVING YOU. YOU CAN'T STOP HIM", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00817-00090850-00090857": "YOU CAN'T STOP HIM", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00818-00090857-00090960": "YOU CAN'T STOP HIM FROM LOVING ME.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00819-00090960-00090967": "FROM LOVING ME.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00820-00090967-00091044": "FROM LOVING ME. YOU CAN'T STOP HIM", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00821-00091044-00091050": "YOU CAN'T STOP HIM", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00822-00091050-00091221": "YOU CAN'T STOP HIM FROM LOVING A CERTAIN RACE,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00823-00091221-00091227": "FROM LOVING A CERTAIN RACE,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00824-00091227-00091354": "FROM LOVING A CERTAIN RACE, OR COLOR, OR CREED.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00825-00091354-00091361": "OR COLOR, OR CREED.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00826-00091361-00091528": "OR COLOR, OR CREED. I WANT TO LET EVERYBODY KNOW", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00827-00091528-00091534": "I WANT TO LET EVERYBODY KNOW", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00828-00091534-00091738": "I WANT TO LET EVERYBODY KNOW IN THE CITY OF ORLANDO,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00829-00091738-00091744": "IN THE CITY OF ORLANDO,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00830-00091744-00091995": "IN THE CITY OF ORLANDO, IT'S NOT ABOUT WHAT YOU DO ONLY,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00831-00091995-00092001": "IT'S NOT ABOUT WHAT YOU DO ONLY,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00832-00092001-00092175": "IT'S NOT ABOUT WHAT YOU DO ONLY, IT'S ABOUT WHO GOD IS.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00833-00092175-00092182": "IT'S ABOUT WHO GOD IS.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00834-00092182-00092509": "IT'S ABOUT WHO GOD IS. HE LOVES US REGARDLESS.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00835-00092509-00092515": "HE LOVES US REGARDLESS.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00836-00092515-00092775": "HE LOVES US REGARDLESS. OH I'M EXCITED ABOUT THAT.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00837-00092775-00092782": "OH I'M EXCITED ABOUT THAT.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00838-00092782-00092866": "OH I'M EXCITED ABOUT THAT. I WANT TO SAY SOMETHING", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00839-00092866-00092872": "I WANT TO SAY SOMETHING", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00840-00092872-00093102": "I WANT TO SAY SOMETHING FROM MY HEART TO YOU,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00841-00093102-00093109": "FROM MY HEART TO YOU,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00842-00093109-00093176": "FROM MY HEART TO YOU, AND I BELIEVE THIS IS", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00843-00093176-00093183": "AND I BELIEVE THIS IS", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00844-00093183-00093359": "AND I BELIEVE THIS IS THE WORD OF GOD,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00845-00093359-00093366": "THE WORD OF GOD,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00846-00093366-00093453": "THE WORD OF GOD, THAT WHAT OUR COMMUNITY", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00847-00093453-00093460": "THAT WHAT OUR COMMUNITY", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00848-00093460-00093800": "THAT WHAT OUR COMMUNITY NEEDS NOW IS PRAYER.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00849-00093800-00093807": "NEEDS NOW IS PRAYER.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00850-00093807-00093947": "NEEDS NOW IS PRAYER. WHAT OUR COMMUNITY NEEDS NOW", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00851-00093947-00093953": "WHAT OUR COMMUNITY NEEDS NOW", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00852-00093953-00094284": "WHAT OUR COMMUNITY NEEDS NOW IS FORGIVENESS AND UNITY.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00853-00094284-00094290": "IS FORGIVENESS AND UNITY.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00854-00094290-00094460": "IS FORGIVENESS AND UNITY. WE DON'T NEED BICKERING,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00855-00094460-00094467": "WE DON'T NEED BICKERING,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00856-00094467-00094617": "WE DON'T NEED BICKERING, NOT JUST IN THE CITY OF ORLANDO,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00857-00094617-00094624": "NOT JUST IN THE CITY OF ORLANDO,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00858-00094624-00094811": "NOT JUST IN THE CITY OF ORLANDO, BUT IN THE WORLD.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00859-00094811-00094818": "BUT IN THE WORLD.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00860-00094818-00095081": "BUT IN THE WORLD. WE NEED UNITY AND LOVE.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00861-00095081-00095088": "WE NEED UNITY AND LOVE.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00862-00095088-00095211": "WE NEED UNITY AND LOVE. SOMETIMES YOU HAVE TO ASK", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00863-00095211-00095218": "SOMETIMES YOU HAVE TO ASK", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00864-00095218-00095438": "SOMETIMES YOU HAVE TO ASK YOURSELF THE QUESTION", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00865-00095438-00095445": "YOURSELF THE QUESTION", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00866-00095445-00095962": "YOURSELF THE QUESTION WHAT COLOR IS LOVE?", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00867-00095962-00095969": "WHAT COLOR IS LOVE?", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00868-00095969-00096065": "WHAT COLOR IS LOVE? YOU HAVE TO ASK YOURSELF", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00869-00096065-00096072": "YOU HAVE TO ASK YOURSELF", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00870-00096072-00096289": "YOU HAVE TO ASK YOURSELF THE QUESTION, BECAUSE", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00871-00096289-00096296": "THE QUESTION, BECAUSE", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00872-00096296-00096659": "THE QUESTION, BECAUSE WHEN I READ MY BIBLE,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00873-00096659-00096666": "WHEN I READ MY BIBLE,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00874-00096666-00096833": "WHEN I READ MY BIBLE, THE BLOOD THAT WAS SHED", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00875-00096833-00096840": "THE BLOOD THAT WAS SHED", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00876-00096840-00097320": "THE BLOOD THAT WAS SHED FROM JESUS, I THINK IT'S", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00877-00097320-00097327": "FROM JESUS, I THINK IT'S", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00878-00097327-00097844": "FROM JESUS, I THINK IT'S THE SAME COLOR OF YOUR BLOOD.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00879-00097844-00097851": "THE SAME COLOR OF YOUR BLOOD.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00880-00097851-00098181": "THE SAME COLOR OF YOUR BLOOD. IF I JUST TAKE A MOMENT", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00881-00098181-00098188": "IF I JUST TAKE A MOMENT", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00882-00098188-00098298": "IF I JUST TAKE A MOMENT AND I LOOK OVER THE AUDIENCE", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00883-00098298-00098304": "AND I LOOK OVER THE AUDIENCE", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00884-00098304-00098511": "AND I LOOK OVER THE AUDIENCE AND I SEE AFRICAN AMERICAN,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00885-00098511-00098518": "AND I SEE AFRICAN AMERICAN,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00886-00098518-00098705": "AND I SEE AFRICAN AMERICAN, AND I SEE HISPANIC, I SEE ASIAN,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00887-00098705-00098711": "AND I SEE HISPANIC, I SEE ASIAN,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00888-00098711-00098885": "AND I SEE HISPANIC, I SEE ASIAN, I SEE ALL COLORS AND CREEDS,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00889-00098885-00098892": "I SEE ALL COLORS AND CREEDS,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00890-00098892-00099058": "I SEE ALL COLORS AND CREEDS, BUT AS ONE THING THAT", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00891-00099058-00099065": "BUT AS ONE THING THAT", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00892-00099065-00099445": "BUT AS ONE THING THAT ALL OF US HAVE IN COMMON,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00893-00099445-00099452": "ALL OF US HAVE IN COMMON,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00894-00099452-00100250": "ALL OF US HAVE IN COMMON, ALL OF OUR BLOOD -- IF I BLEED,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00895-00100250-00100256": "ALL OF OUR BLOOD -- IF I BLEED,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00896-00100256-00100527": "ALL OF OUR BLOOD -- IF I BLEED, I DON'T BLEED BLACK BLOOD.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00897-00100527-00100533": "I DON'T BLEED BLACK BLOOD.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00898-00100533-00100680": "I DON'T BLEED BLACK BLOOD. IF YOU BLEED, YOU DON'T BLEED", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00899-00100680-00100687": "IF YOU BLEED, YOU DON'T BLEED", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00900-00100687-00100950": "IF YOU BLEED, YOU DON'T BLEED WHITE BLOOD, YOU DON'T BLEED", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00901-00100950-00100957": "WHITE BLOOD, YOU DON'T BLEED", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00902-00100957-00101291": "WHITE BLOOD, YOU DON'T BLEED ASIAN BLOOD, OR HISPANIC BLOOD,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00903-00101291-00101297": "ASIAN BLOOD, OR HISPANIC BLOOD,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00904-00101297-00101614": "ASIAN BLOOD, OR HISPANIC BLOOD, YOU BLEED RED BLOOD.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00905-00101614-00101621": "YOU BLEED RED BLOOD.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00906-00101621-00102101": "YOU BLEED RED BLOOD. WHAT CAN WASH AWAY OUR SINS?", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00907-00102101-00102108": "WHAT CAN WASH AWAY OUR SINS?", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00908-00102108-00102305": "WHAT CAN WASH AWAY OUR SINS? NOTHING BUT THE BLOOD OF JESUS.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00909-00102305-00102312": "NOTHING BUT THE BLOOD OF JESUS.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00910-00102312-00102615": "NOTHING BUT THE BLOOD OF JESUS. AND THIS IS NOT ABOUT THE SIN,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00911-00102615-00102622": "AND THIS IS NOT ABOUT THE SIN,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00912-00102622-00102755": "AND THIS IS NOT ABOUT THE SIN, IT'S ABOUT THE BLOOD", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00913-00102755-00102762": "IT'S ABOUT THE BLOOD", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00914-00102762-00103236": "IT'S ABOUT THE BLOOD THAT WAS SHED FOR ALL OF US.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00915-00103236-00103243": "THAT WAS SHED FOR ALL OF US.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00916-00103243-00103429": "THAT WAS SHED FOR ALL OF US. GOD STILL REMAINS.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00917-00103429-00103436": "GOD STILL REMAINS.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00918-00103436-00103626": "GOD STILL REMAINS. SOMEBODY SAY, \"PRAYER.\"", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00919-00103626-00103633": "SOMEBODY SAY, \"PRAYER.\"", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00920-00103633-00103847": "SOMEBODY SAY, \"PRAYER.\" SOMEBODY SAY, \"FORGIVENESS.\"", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00921-00103847-00103853": "SOMEBODY SAY, \"FORGIVENESS.\"", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00922-00103853-00104033": "SOMEBODY SAY, \"FORGIVENESS.\" SOMEBODY SAY, \"UNITY.\"", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00923-00104090-00104377": "♪ ♪", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00924-00104424-00104591": ">> I NEED MY PRAYER INTERCESSORS", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00925-00104591-00104597": ">> I NEED MY PRAYER INTERCESSORS", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00926-00104597-00104641": ">> I NEED MY PRAYER INTERCESSORS THAT'S IN THE CHURCH", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00927-00104641-00104647": "THAT'S IN THE CHURCH", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00928-00104647-00104804": "THAT'S IN THE CHURCH OF ALL NATIONS.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00929-00104804-00104811": "OF ALL NATIONS.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00930-00104811-00105054": "OF ALL NATIONS. I NEED YOU TO HELP ME SEND", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00931-00105054-00105061": "I NEED YOU TO HELP ME SEND", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00932-00105061-00105445": "I NEED YOU TO HELP ME SEND A SOUND ALL THE WAY TO CHINA,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00933-00105445-00105452": "A SOUND ALL THE WAY TO CHINA,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00934-00105452-00105642": "A SOUND ALL THE WAY TO CHINA, ALL THE WAY TO ARUBA,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00935-00105642-00105648": "ALL THE WAY TO ARUBA,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00936-00105648-00105782": "ALL THE WAY TO ARUBA, ALL THE WAY TO THE WHITE HOUSE,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00937-00105782-00105789": "ALL THE WAY TO THE WHITE HOUSE,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00938-00105789-00105972": "ALL THE WAY TO THE WHITE HOUSE, ALL THE WAY TO THE COURTHOUSE,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00939-00105972-00105979": "ALL THE WAY TO THE COURTHOUSE,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00940-00105979-00106065": "ALL THE WAY TO THE COURTHOUSE, ALL THE WAY DOWNTOWN", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00941-00106065-00106072": "ALL THE WAY DOWNTOWN", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00942-00106072-00106272": "ALL THE WAY DOWNTOWN ON ORANGE AVE.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00943-00106272-00106279": "ON ORANGE AVE.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00944-00106279-00106499": "ON ORANGE AVE. I NEED YOU TO HELP ME SEND", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00945-00106499-00106506": "I NEED YOU TO HELP ME SEND", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00946-00106506-00106833": "I NEED YOU TO HELP ME SEND A MESSAGE TO THAT BROKEN MOTHER,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00947-00106833-00106840": "A MESSAGE TO THAT BROKEN MOTHER,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00948-00106840-00107076": "A MESSAGE TO THAT BROKEN MOTHER, THAT DISTRAUGHT SON,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00949-00107076-00107083": "THAT DISTRAUGHT SON,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00950-00107083-00107273": "THAT DISTRAUGHT SON, THAT HORRIFIED SISTER,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00951-00107273-00107280": "THAT HORRIFIED SISTER,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00952-00107280-00107423": "THAT HORRIFIED SISTER, THAT BAFFLED GRANDMOTHER", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00953-00107423-00107430": "THAT BAFFLED GRANDMOTHER", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00954-00107430-00107600": "THAT BAFFLED GRANDMOTHER OR GRANDFATHER,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00955-00107600-00107607": "OR GRANDFATHER,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00956-00107607-00107894": "OR GRANDFATHER, THAT ABANDONED COWORKER,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00957-00107894-00107901": "THAT ABANDONED COWORKER,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00958-00107901-00107961": "THAT ABANDONED COWORKER, THAT MIGHT BE DEALING", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00959-00107961-00107967": "THAT MIGHT BE DEALING", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00960-00107967-00108278": "THAT MIGHT BE DEALING WITH ANXIETY, PAIN AND ANGER,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00961-00108278-00108284": "WITH ANXIETY, PAIN AND ANGER,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00962-00108284-00108344": "WITH ANXIETY, PAIN AND ANGER, THAT MIGHT NOT KNOW", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00963-00108344-00108351": "THAT MIGHT NOT KNOW", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00964-00108351-00108481": "THAT MIGHT NOT KNOW WHAT IS GOING ON,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00965-00108481-00108488": "WHAT IS GOING ON,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00966-00108488-00108561": "WHAT IS GOING ON, AND WHO TO BELIEVE,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00967-00108561-00108568": "AND WHO TO BELIEVE,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00968-00108568-00108751": "AND WHO TO BELIEVE, AND WHO TO TRUST.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00969-00108751-00108758": "AND WHO TO TRUST.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00970-00108758-00109002": "AND WHO TO TRUST. LET US GET READY TO SEND THEM", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00971-00109002-00109008": "LET US GET READY TO SEND THEM", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00972-00109008-00109195": "LET US GET READY TO SEND THEM A SOLID MESSAGE.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00973-00109195-00109202": "A SOLID MESSAGE.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00974-00109202-00109412": "A SOLID MESSAGE. LET US GET READY TO SEND THEM", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00975-00109412-00109419": "LET US GET READY TO SEND THEM", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00976-00109419-00109609": "LET US GET READY TO SEND THEM A SOUND MESSAGE.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00977-00109609-00109616": "A SOUND MESSAGE.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00978-00109616-00109699": "A SOUND MESSAGE. WHAT CAN WE SAY", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00979-00109699-00109706": "WHAT CAN WE SAY", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00980-00109706-00109893": "WHAT CAN WE SAY TO ALL THESE THINGS?", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00981-00109893-00109899": "TO ALL THESE THINGS?", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00982-00109899-00110136": "TO ALL THESE THINGS? IF GOD BE FOR US,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00983-00110136-00110143": "IF GOD BE FOR US,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00984-00110143-00110223": "IF GOD BE FOR US, IT DOESN'T MATTER", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00985-00110223-00110230": "IT DOESN'T MATTER", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00986-00110230-00110420": "IT DOESN'T MATTER WHO'S TRYING TO COME AGAINST US,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00987-00110420-00110426": "WHO'S TRYING TO COME AGAINST US,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00988-00110426-00110757": "WHO'S TRYING TO COME AGAINST US, AND WE WILL NOT BE SEPARATED", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00989-00110757-00110763": "AND WE WILL NOT BE SEPARATED", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00990-00110763-00110934": "AND WE WILL NOT BE SEPARATED FROM THE LOVE OF GOD.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00991-00110934-00110940": "FROM THE LOVE OF GOD.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00992-00110940-00111151": "FROM THE LOVE OF GOD. WE WILL NOT ALLOW THIS HORRIFIC", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00993-00111151-00111157": "WE WILL NOT ALLOW THIS HORRIFIC", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00994-00111157-00111394": "WE WILL NOT ALLOW THIS HORRIFIC ACT TO TAKE OVER US,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00995-00111394-00111401": "ACT TO TAKE OVER US,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00996-00111401-00111564": "ACT TO TAKE OVER US, AND NOW WE'RE PROMOTING HATE", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00997-00111564-00111571": "AND NOW WE'RE PROMOTING HATE", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00998-00111571-00111831": "AND NOW WE'RE PROMOTING HATE AND SEPARATISM, JUDGMENT", "ncMMMDl9N_4-00999-00111831-00111838": "AND SEPARATISM, JUDGMENT", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01000-00111838-00111978": "AND SEPARATISM, JUDGMENT AND CONDEMNATION.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01001-00111978-00111985": "AND CONDEMNATION.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01002-00111985-00112228": "AND CONDEMNATION. WE'RE GOING TO RISE UP.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01003-00112228-00112235": "WE'RE GOING TO RISE UP.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01004-00112235-00112388": "WE'RE GOING TO RISE UP. WE'RE GOING TO RISE UP", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01005-00112388-00112395": "WE'RE GOING TO RISE UP", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01006-00112395-00112525": "WE'RE GOING TO RISE UP AND DECLARE A SOUND", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01007-00112525-00112532": "AND DECLARE A SOUND", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01008-00112532-00112665": "AND DECLARE A SOUND IN THE HEAVENS.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01009-00112665-00112672": "IN THE HEAVENS.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01010-00112672-00112829": "IN THE HEAVENS. WE'RE GOING TO RISE UP", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01011-00112829-00112835": "WE'RE GOING TO RISE UP", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01012-00112835-00113036": "WE'RE GOING TO RISE UP AND BEGIN TO BECOME INTERCESSORS", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01013-00113036-00113042": "AND BEGIN TO BECOME INTERCESSORS", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01014-00113042-00113186": "AND BEGIN TO BECOME INTERCESSORS AND LET THE WORLD KNOW", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01015-00113186-00113193": "AND LET THE WORLD KNOW", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01016-00113193-00113446": "AND LET THE WORLD KNOW THAT WHEN YOU COME AGAINST", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01017-00113446-00113453": "THAT WHEN YOU COME AGAINST", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01018-00113453-00113623": "THAT WHEN YOU COME AGAINST THE PEOPLE OF GOD,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01019-00113623-00113630": "THE PEOPLE OF GOD,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01020-00113630-00113770": "THE PEOPLE OF GOD, WHEN YOU COME OVER", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01021-00113770-00113776": "WHEN YOU COME OVER", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01022-00113776-00113920": "WHEN YOU COME OVER THE EARTH WITH EVIL,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01023-00113930-00114177": "WE HAVE A GOD", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01024-00114177-00114183": "WE HAVE A GOD", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01025-00114183-00114360": "WE HAVE A GOD THAT STILL REMAINS.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01026-00114360-00114367": "THAT STILL REMAINS.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01027-00114367-00114521": "THAT STILL REMAINS. AND I WANT YOU TO GET READY", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01028-00114521-00114527": "AND I WANT YOU TO GET READY", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01029-00114527-00114671": "AND I WANT YOU TO GET READY TO SEND SOME VIBES, BECAUSE", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01030-00114671-00114677": "TO SEND SOME VIBES, BECAUSE", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01031-00114677-00114794": "TO SEND SOME VIBES, BECAUSE MANY PEOPLE CAN'T PRAY", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01032-00114794-00114801": "MANY PEOPLE CAN'T PRAY", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01033-00114801-00114911": "MANY PEOPLE CAN'T PRAY FOR THEMSELVES.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01034-00114911-00114918": "FOR THEMSELVES.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01035-00114918-00115058": "FOR THEMSELVES. MANY PEOPLE ARE TOO HURT,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01036-00115058-00115064": "MANY PEOPLE ARE TOO HURT,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01037-00115064-00115168": "MANY PEOPLE ARE TOO HURT, THEY'RE CONFUSED,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01038-00115168-00115175": "THEY'RE CONFUSED,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01039-00115175-00115311": "THEY'RE CONFUSED, AND THEY'RE BAFFLED,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01040-00115311-00115318": "AND THEY'RE BAFFLED,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01041-00115318-00115448": "AND THEY'RE BAFFLED, BUT I WANT YOU TO REALLY SHOUT", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01042-00115448-00115455": "BUT I WANT YOU TO REALLY SHOUT", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01043-00115455-00115625": "BUT I WANT YOU TO REALLY SHOUT OUT OF YOUR SPIRIT,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01044-00115625-00115632": "OUT OF YOUR SPIRIT,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01045-00115632-00115852": "OUT OF YOUR SPIRIT, I WANT YOU TO REACH THOSE PEOPLE", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01046-00115852-00115858": "I WANT YOU TO REACH THOSE PEOPLE", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01047-00115858-00115985": "I WANT YOU TO REACH THOSE PEOPLE AS WE LET THEM KNOW", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01048-00115985-00115992": "AS WE LET THEM KNOW", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01049-00115992-00116232": "AS WE LET THEM KNOW THAT GOD STILL REMAINS.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01050-00116232-00116239": "THAT GOD STILL REMAINS.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01051-00116239-00116342": "THAT GOD STILL REMAINS. I WANT YOU TO SHOUT THAT", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01052-00116342-00116349": "I WANT YOU TO SHOUT THAT", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01053-00116349-00116699": "I WANT YOU TO SHOUT THAT WITH ME THAT GOD STILL REMAINS.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01054-00116709-00116773": "I BELIEVE WE'RE GOING TO SAY", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01055-00116773-00116779": "I BELIEVE WE'RE GOING TO SAY", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01056-00116779-00116863": "I BELIEVE WE'RE GOING TO SAY THAT AGAIN BECAUSE", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01057-00116863-00116870": "THAT AGAIN BECAUSE", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01058-00116870-00116950": "THAT AGAIN BECAUSE WE'RE GETTING READY TO PRAY,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01059-00116950-00116956": "WE'RE GETTING READY TO PRAY,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01060-00116956-00117026": "WE'RE GETTING READY TO PRAY, AND WE'RE GETTING READY", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01061-00117026-00117033": "AND WE'RE GETTING READY", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01062-00117033-00117143": "AND WE'RE GETTING READY TO TAKE THIS ALTAR,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01063-00117143-00117150": "TO TAKE THIS ALTAR,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01064-00117150-00117253": "TO TAKE THIS ALTAR, AND WE'RE GOING TO ACTUALLY", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01065-00117253-00117260": "AND WE'RE GOING TO ACTUALLY", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01066-00117260-00117463": "AND WE'RE GOING TO ACTUALLY ASK YOU TO COME IN JUST A MOMENT", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01067-00117463-00117470": "ASK YOU TO COME IN JUST A MOMENT", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01068-00117470-00117577": "ASK YOU TO COME IN JUST A MOMENT AND WE'RE GOING TO PRAY.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01069-00117577-00117584": "AND WE'RE GOING TO PRAY.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01070-00117584-00117737": "AND WE'RE GOING TO PRAY. MAYBE THERE'S SOMEONE HERE", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01071-00117737-00117744": "MAYBE THERE'S SOMEONE HERE", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01072-00117744-00117854": "MAYBE THERE'S SOMEONE HERE THAT'S BROKEN TODAY.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01073-00117854-00117860": "THAT'S BROKEN TODAY.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01074-00117860-00117997": "THAT'S BROKEN TODAY. MAYBE THERE'S SOMEONE HERE", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01075-00117997-00118004": "MAYBE THERE'S SOMEONE HERE", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01076-00118004-00118117": "MAYBE THERE'S SOMEONE HERE THAT LOST A LOVED ONE", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01077-00118117-00118124": "THAT LOST A LOVED ONE", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01078-00118124-00118248": "THAT LOST A LOVED ONE OR ARE CONNECTED TO SOMEONE", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01079-00118248-00118254": "OR ARE CONNECTED TO SOMEONE", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01080-00118254-00118401": "OR ARE CONNECTED TO SOMEONE THAT LOST A LOVE ONE", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01081-00118401-00118408": "THAT LOST A LOVE ONE", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01082-00118408-00118511": "THAT LOST A LOVE ONE IN THIS TRAGIC THING", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01083-00118511-00118518": "IN THIS TRAGIC THING", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01084-00118518-00118832": "IN THIS TRAGIC THING THAT JUST HAPPENED IN OUR CITY.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01085-00118832-00118838": "THAT JUST HAPPENED IN OUR CITY.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01086-00118838-00119025": "THAT JUST HAPPENED IN OUR CITY. WE'RE GOING TO PRAY", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01087-00119025-00119032": "WE'RE GOING TO PRAY", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01088-00119032-00119138": "WE'RE GOING TO PRAY FOR OUR CITY GOVERNMENT", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01089-00119138-00119145": "FOR OUR CITY GOVERNMENT", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01090-00119145-00119312": "FOR OUR CITY GOVERNMENT AND OUR COUNTY GOVERNMENT.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01091-00119312-00119319": "AND OUR COUNTY GOVERNMENT.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01092-00119319-00119432": "AND OUR COUNTY GOVERNMENT. WE'RE GOING TO PRAY", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01093-00119432-00119439": "WE'RE GOING TO PRAY", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01094-00119439-00119629": "WE'RE GOING TO PRAY FOR OUR FEDERAL GOVERNMENT.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01095-00119629-00119636": "FOR OUR FEDERAL GOVERNMENT.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01096-00119636-00119836": "FOR OUR FEDERAL GOVERNMENT. WE'RE GOING TO PRAY.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01097-00119836-00119843": "WE'RE GOING TO PRAY.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01098-00119843-00120053": "WE'RE GOING TO PRAY. WE'RE GOING TO PRAY.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01099-00120053-00120059": "WE'RE GOING TO PRAY.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01100-00120059-00120396": "WE'RE GOING TO PRAY. WE'RE GOING TO PRAY.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01101-00120396-00120403": "WE'RE GOING TO PRAY.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01102-00120403-00120707": "WE'RE GOING TO PRAY. WE'RE GOING TO PRAY FOR JUSTICE.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01103-00120707-00120713": "WE'RE GOING TO PRAY FOR JUSTICE.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01104-00120713-00120904": "WE'RE GOING TO PRAY FOR JUSTICE. WE'RE GOING TO PRAY", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01105-00120904-00120910": "WE'RE GOING TO PRAY", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01106-00120910-00121047": "WE'RE GOING TO PRAY FOR STRENGTH.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01107-00121047-00121054": "FOR STRENGTH.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01108-00121054-00121164": "FOR STRENGTH. WE'RE GOING TO PRAY", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01109-00121164-00121171": "WE'RE GOING TO PRAY", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01110-00121171-00121477": "WE'RE GOING TO PRAY FOR RIGHTEOUSNESS.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01111-00121477-00121484": "FOR RIGHTEOUSNESS.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01112-00121484-00121795": "FOR RIGHTEOUSNESS. WE'RE GOING TO PRAY FOR ORLANDO.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01113-00122268-00122352": "WE'RE GOING TO WORSHIP", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01114-00122352-00122358": "WE'RE GOING TO WORSHIP", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01115-00122358-00122579": "WE'RE GOING TO WORSHIP AND WE'RE GOING TO PRAY.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01116-00122579-00122585": "AND WE'RE GOING TO PRAY.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01117-00122585-00122675": "AND WE'RE GOING TO PRAY. WE'RE GOING TO BELIEVE THAT", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01118-00122675-00122682": "WE'RE GOING TO BELIEVE THAT", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01119-00122682-00122789": "WE'RE GOING TO BELIEVE THAT GOD IS GOING TO DO THINGS", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01120-00122789-00122795": "GOD IS GOING TO DO THINGS", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01121-00122795-00123283": "GOD IS GOING TO DO THINGS THAT WE'VE NEVER SEEN HIM DO.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01122-00123283-00123289": "THAT WE'VE NEVER SEEN HIM DO.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01123-00123289-00123436": "THAT WE'VE NEVER SEEN HIM DO. WE'RE GOING TO BELIEVE.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01124-00123436-00123443": "WE'RE GOING TO BELIEVE.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01125-00123443-00123520": "WE'RE GOING TO BELIEVE. CAN WE LIFT OUR HANDS", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01126-00123520-00123526": "CAN WE LIFT OUR HANDS", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01127-00123526-00124420": "CAN WE LIFT OUR HANDS TO WORSHIP?", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01128-00124817-00124908": "ORLANDO, FLORIDA,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01129-00124908-00124914": "ORLANDO, FLORIDA,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01130-00124914-00125311": "ORLANDO, FLORIDA, WE STAND STRONG.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01131-00125311-00125318": "WE STAND STRONG.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01132-00125318-00125451": "WE STAND STRONG. ORLANDO, FLORIDA,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01133-00125451-00125458": "ORLANDO, FLORIDA,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01134-00125458-00125772": "ORLANDO, FLORIDA, WE STAND STRONG.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01135-00125772-00125778": "WE STAND STRONG.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01136-00125778-00126266": "WE STAND STRONG. WE STAND UNITED.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01137-00126266-00126272": "WE STAND UNITED.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01138-00126272-00126366": "WE STAND UNITED. CHILDREN OF GOD,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01139-00126366-00126372": "CHILDREN OF GOD,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01140-00126372-00126603": "CHILDREN OF GOD, WE STAND STRONG.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01141-00126603-00126609": "WE STAND STRONG.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01142-00126609-00126930": "WE STAND STRONG. WE STAND UNITED.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01143-00126930-00126936": "WE STAND UNITED.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01144-00126936-00127080": "WE STAND UNITED. TRINITY BROADCAST NETWORK,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01145-00127080-00127086": "TRINITY BROADCAST NETWORK,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01146-00127086-00127200": "TRINITY BROADCAST NETWORK, HOLY LAND EXPERIENCE,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01147-00127200-00127207": "HOLY LAND EXPERIENCE,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01148-00127207-00127407": "HOLY LAND EXPERIENCE, WE STAND STRONG.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01149-00127407-00127413": "WE STAND STRONG.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01150-00127413-00127944": "WE STAND STRONG. WE STAND UNITED.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01151-00127944-00127951": "WE STAND UNITED.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01152-00127951-00128164": "WE STAND UNITED. FROM THE UK, TO CHINA,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01153-00128164-00128171": "FROM THE UK, TO CHINA,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01154-00128171-00128411": "FROM THE UK, TO CHINA, TO RUSSIA, TO GERMANY,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01155-00128411-00128418": "TO RUSSIA, TO GERMANY,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01156-00128418-00128715": "TO RUSSIA, TO GERMANY, WE STAND STRONG.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01157-00128715-00128721": "WE STAND STRONG.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01158-00128721-00128911": "WE STAND STRONG. FROM EVERY CITY, EVERY COUNTRY,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01159-00128911-00128918": "FROM EVERY CITY, EVERY COUNTRY,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01160-00128918-00129395": "FROM EVERY CITY, EVERY COUNTRY, EVERY CULTURE,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01161-00129395-00129402": "EVERY CULTURE,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01162-00129402-00129522": "EVERY CULTURE, FROM THE CARIBBEAN", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01163-00129522-00129529": "FROM THE CARIBBEAN", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01164-00129529-00129846": "FROM THE CARIBBEAN TO THE BRITISH VIRGIN ISLANDS,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01165-00129846-00129853": "TO THE BRITISH VIRGIN ISLANDS,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01166-00129853-00130209": "TO THE BRITISH VIRGIN ISLANDS, WE STAND STRONG.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01167-00130209-00130216": "WE STAND STRONG.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01168-00130216-00130503": "WE STAND STRONG. FROM THE NEIGHBORHOOD TO AROUND", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01169-00130503-00130510": "FROM THE NEIGHBORHOOD TO AROUND", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01170-00130510-00131157": "FROM THE NEIGHBORHOOD TO AROUND THE CORNER TO ORANGE AVE.,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01171-00131157-00131164": "THE CORNER TO ORANGE AVE.,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01172-00131164-00131477": "THE CORNER TO ORANGE AVE., TO THE PULSE, WE STAND STRONG.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01173-00131477-00131484": "TO THE PULSE, WE STAND STRONG.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01174-00131484-00131761": "TO THE PULSE, WE STAND STRONG. TO DOWNTOWN ORLANDO, EAST SIDE,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01175-00131761-00131768": "TO DOWNTOWN ORLANDO, EAST SIDE,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01176-00131768-00131901": "TO DOWNTOWN ORLANDO, EAST SIDE, WEST SIDE, NORTH SIDE,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01177-00131901-00131908": "WEST SIDE, NORTH SIDE,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01178-00131908-00132322": "WEST SIDE, NORTH SIDE, SOUTH SIDE, WE STAND STRONG.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01179-00132322-00132328": "SOUTH SIDE, WE STAND STRONG.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01180-00132328-00132642": "SOUTH SIDE, WE STAND STRONG. WE'RE GOING TO PRAY FOR ORLANDO.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01181-00132642-00132649": "WE'RE GOING TO PRAY FOR ORLANDO.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01182-00132649-00132939": "WE'RE GOING TO PRAY FOR ORLANDO. MOM, DAD, SISTER, BROTHER,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01183-00132939-00132946": "MOM, DAD, SISTER, BROTHER,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01184-00132946-00133353": "MOM, DAD, SISTER, BROTHER, FRIEND, COWORKER, UNCLE, AUNT,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01185-00133353-00133359": "FRIEND, COWORKER, UNCLE, AUNT,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01186-00133359-00133736": "FRIEND, COWORKER, UNCLE, AUNT, NIECE, NEPHEW, SISTER, BROTHER,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01187-00133736-00133743": "NIECE, NEPHEW, SISTER, BROTHER,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01188-00133743-00133983": "NIECE, NEPHEW, SISTER, BROTHER, GRANDCHILD, NEIGHBOR,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01189-00133983-00133990": "GRANDCHILD, NEIGHBOR,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01190-00133990-00134284": "GRANDCHILD, NEIGHBOR, WE STAND STRONG.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01191-00134284-00134290": "WE STAND STRONG.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01192-00134290-00134724": "WE STAND STRONG. WE STAND STRONG WITH ORLANDO.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01193-00134724-00134731": "WE STAND STRONG WITH ORLANDO.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01194-00134731-00134871": "WE STAND STRONG WITH ORLANDO. PASTOR, WHAT CAN I SAY", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01195-00134871-00134878": "PASTOR, WHAT CAN I SAY", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01196-00134878-00134974": "PASTOR, WHAT CAN I SAY TO THESE THINGS?", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01197-00134974-00134981": "TO THESE THINGS?", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01198-00134981-00135245": "TO THESE THINGS? IF GOD BE FOR US,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01199-00135245-00135251": "IF GOD BE FOR US,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01200-00135251-00135471": "IF GOD BE FOR US, WHO CAN BE AGAINST US?", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01201-00135471-00135478": "WHO CAN BE AGAINST US?", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01202-00135478-00135652": "WHO CAN BE AGAINST US? WHAT CAN I SAY WHEN I DON'T KNOW", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01203-00135652-00135658": "WHAT CAN I SAY WHEN I DON'T KNOW", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01204-00135658-00135755": "WHAT CAN I SAY WHEN I DON'T KNOW WHAT TO SAY", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01205-00135755-00135762": "WHAT TO SAY", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01206-00135762-00135835": "WHAT TO SAY AND WHEN I DON'T KNOW", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01207-00135835-00135842": "AND WHEN I DON'T KNOW", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01208-00135842-00136009": "AND WHEN I DON'T KNOW WHAT TO DO, AND I'M HURTING", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01209-00136009-00136015": "WHAT TO DO, AND I'M HURTING", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01210-00136015-00136289": "WHAT TO DO, AND I'M HURTING AND I'M ANGRY AND I'M BITTER?", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01211-00136289-00136296": "AND I'M ANGRY AND I'M BITTER?", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01212-00136296-00136526": "AND I'M ANGRY AND I'M BITTER? NOTHING'S GOING TO SEPARATE YOU", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01213-00136526-00136533": "NOTHING'S GOING TO SEPARATE YOU", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01214-00136533-00136816": "NOTHING'S GOING TO SEPARATE YOU FROM THE LOVE OF GOD.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01215-00136816-00136823": "FROM THE LOVE OF GOD.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01216-00136823-00137073": "FROM THE LOVE OF GOD. WHAT CAN I SAY WHEN", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01217-00137073-00137080": "WHAT CAN I SAY WHEN", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01218-00137080-00137390": "WHAT CAN I SAY WHEN I LOST SOMETHING I LOVED,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01219-00137390-00137397": "I LOST SOMETHING I LOVED,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01220-00137397-00137580": "I LOST SOMETHING I LOVED, WHEN I MISS THEM AND I'M CRYING", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01221-00137580-00137587": "WHEN I MISS THEM AND I'M CRYING", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01222-00137587-00137814": "WHEN I MISS THEM AND I'M CRYING AND I'M HURTING,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01223-00137814-00137821": "AND I'M HURTING,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01224-00137821-00137897": "AND I'M HURTING, AND I DON'T KNOW", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01225-00137897-00137904": "AND I DON'T KNOW", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01226-00137904-00138011": "AND I DON'T KNOW WHAT THE FUNCTION,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01227-00138021-00138178": "AS A MATTER OF FACT, GOD,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01228-00138178-00138184": "AS A MATTER OF FACT, GOD,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01229-00138184-00138308": "AS A MATTER OF FACT, GOD, I'M A LITTLE ANGRY WITH YOU", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01230-00138308-00138314": "I'M A LITTLE ANGRY WITH YOU", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01231-00138314-00138464": "I'M A LITTLE ANGRY WITH YOU BECAUSE THIS HAPPENED.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01232-00138464-00138471": "BECAUSE THIS HAPPENED.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01233-00138471-00138648": "BECAUSE THIS HAPPENED. YOU STILL CAN'T SEPARATE", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01234-00138648-00138655": "YOU STILL CAN'T SEPARATE", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01235-00138655-00138865": "YOU STILL CAN'T SEPARATE FROM HIS LOVE.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01236-00138865-00138872": "FROM HIS LOVE.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01237-00138872-00139168": "FROM HIS LOVE. JESUS LOVES YOU.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01238-00139168-00139175": "JESUS LOVES YOU.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01239-00139175-00139475": "JESUS LOVES YOU. JESUS LOVES YOU.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01240-00139475-00139482": "JESUS LOVES YOU.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01241-00139482-00139619": "JESUS LOVES YOU. AND YOU MIGHT NOT KNOW", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01242-00139619-00139626": "AND YOU MIGHT NOT KNOW", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01243-00139626-00139829": "AND YOU MIGHT NOT KNOW WHAT HE IS DOING,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01244-00139829-00139836": "WHAT HE IS DOING,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01245-00139836-00139986": "WHAT HE IS DOING, BUT AT THE END OF THE DAY,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01246-00139986-00139993": "BUT AT THE END OF THE DAY,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01247-00139993-00140180": "BUT AT THE END OF THE DAY, SOMETHING GOOD IS GOING", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01248-00140180-00140186": "SOMETHING GOOD IS GOING", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01249-00140186-00140356": "SOMETHING GOOD IS GOING TO COME OUT OF THIS,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01250-00140356-00140363": "TO COME OUT OF THIS,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01251-00140363-00140476": "TO COME OUT OF THIS, BECAUSE IT'S BROUGHT", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01252-00140486-00140763": "OUR COMMUNITY CLOSER.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01253-00140763-00140770": "OUR COMMUNITY CLOSER.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01254-00140770-00140964": "OUR COMMUNITY CLOSER. SOMETHING AMAZING IS GETTING", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01255-00140964-00140970": "SOMETHING AMAZING IS GETTING", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01256-00140970-00141094": "SOMETHING AMAZING IS GETTING READY TO HAPPEN IN ORLANDO,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01257-00141094-00141100": "READY TO HAPPEN IN ORLANDO,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01258-00141100-00141337": "READY TO HAPPEN IN ORLANDO, FLORIDA, BECAUSE I SEE", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01259-00141337-00141344": "FLORIDA, BECAUSE I SEE", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01260-00141344-00141511": "FLORIDA, BECAUSE I SEE BLACKS HOLDING WHITE HANDS,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01261-00141511-00141518": "BLACKS HOLDING WHITE HANDS,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01262-00141518-00141808": "BLACKS HOLDING WHITE HANDS, I SEE HISPANICS HUGGING ASIAN,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01263-00141808-00141814": "I SEE HISPANICS HUGGING ASIAN,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01264-00141814-00142025": "I SEE HISPANICS HUGGING ASIAN, I SEE OLD HUGGING YOUNG,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01265-00142025-00142031": "I SEE OLD HUGGING YOUNG,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01266-00142031-00142248": "I SEE OLD HUGGING YOUNG, AND I KNOW THAT GOD", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01267-00142248-00142255": "AND I KNOW THAT GOD", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01268-00142255-00142512": "AND I KNOW THAT GOD HAS OUR ATTENTION.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01269-00142512-00142519": "HAS OUR ATTENTION.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01270-00142519-00142665": "HAS OUR ATTENTION. AND I WANT TO LET EVERYBODY", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01271-00142665-00142672": "AND I WANT TO LET EVERYBODY", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01272-00142672-00142929": "AND I WANT TO LET EVERYBODY KNOW THAT HE STILL REMAINS.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01273-00142929-00142936": "KNOW THAT HE STILL REMAINS.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01274-00142936-00143079": "KNOW THAT HE STILL REMAINS. HE'S STILL IN CONTROL", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01275-00143079-00143086": "HE'S STILL IN CONTROL", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01276-00143086-00143349": "HE'S STILL IN CONTROL OF THE UNIVERSE.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01277-00143349-00143356": "OF THE UNIVERSE.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01278-00143356-00143566": "OF THE UNIVERSE. WE'RE GOING TO PRAY FOR ORLANDO.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01279-00143566-00143573": "WE'RE GOING TO PRAY FOR ORLANDO.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01280-00143573-00143773": "WE'RE GOING TO PRAY FOR ORLANDO. AS OUR WORSHIP TEAM WORSHIPS,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01281-00143773-00143780": "AS OUR WORSHIP TEAM WORSHIPS,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01282-00143780-00144067": "AS OUR WORSHIP TEAM WORSHIPS, WE'RE GOING TO PRAY FOR ORLANDO,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01283-00144067-00144073": "WE'RE GOING TO PRAY FOR ORLANDO,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01284-00144073-00144320": "WE'RE GOING TO PRAY FOR ORLANDO, AND WE'RE GOING TO PRAY FOR YOU.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01285-00144320-00144327": "AND WE'RE GOING TO PRAY FOR YOU.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01286-00144327-00144567": "AND WE'RE GOING TO PRAY FOR YOU. HE'S IN CONTROL.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01287-00144567-00144574": "HE'S IN CONTROL.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01288-00144574-00144777": "HE'S IN CONTROL. CAN YOU HELP ME?", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01289-00144777-00144784": "CAN YOU HELP ME?", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01290-00144784-00145198": "CAN YOU HELP ME? WILL YOU JOIN, WITH LIFTED ARMS,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01291-00145198-00145205": "WILL YOU JOIN, WITH LIFTED ARMS,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01292-00145205-00145338": "WILL YOU JOIN, WITH LIFTED ARMS, CAN WE DO THAT?", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01293-00145338-00145345": "CAN WE DO THAT?", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01294-00145345-00145585": "CAN WE DO THAT? CAN WE JOIN WITH LIFTED HANDS", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01295-00145585-00145592": "CAN WE JOIN WITH LIFTED HANDS", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01296-00145592-00145758": "CAN WE JOIN WITH LIFTED HANDS AS AN ACT OF UNITY,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01297-00145758-00145765": "AS AN ACT OF UNITY,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01298-00145765-00145915": "AS AN ACT OF UNITY, WITH THAT PERSON NEXT TO YOU,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01299-00145915-00145922": "WITH THAT PERSON NEXT TO YOU,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01300-00145922-00145995": "WITH THAT PERSON NEXT TO YOU, AND I WANT YOU TO HOLD", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01301-00145995-00146002": "AND I WANT YOU TO HOLD", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01302-00146002-00146119": "AND I WANT YOU TO HOLD THAT PERSON'S HAND AND SAY,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01303-00146119-00146125": "THAT PERSON'S HAND AND SAY,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01304-00146125-00146449": "THAT PERSON'S HAND AND SAY, \"WE STAND STRONG.\"", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01305-00146449-00146456": "\"WE STAND STRONG.\"", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01306-00146456-00146536": "\"WE STAND STRONG.\" OH WE DIDN'T SAY THAT", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01307-00146536-00146543": "OH WE DIDN'T SAY THAT", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01308-00146543-00146673": "OH WE DIDN'T SAY THAT LIKE WE SHOULD SAY IT.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01309-00146673-00146679": "LIKE WE SHOULD SAY IT.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01310-00146679-00147203": "LIKE WE SHOULD SAY IT. SHOUT, \"WE STAND STRONG.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01311-00147203-00147210": "SHOUT, \"WE STAND STRONG.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01312-00147210-00147487": "SHOUT, \"WE STAND STRONG. WE STAND UNIFIED.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01313-00147487-00147494": "WE STAND UNIFIED.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01314-00147494-00147800": "WE STAND UNIFIED. WE STAND TOGETHER.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01315-00147810-00148114": "WE STAND IN THE SPIRIT.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01316-00148114-00148121": "WE STAND IN THE SPIRIT.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01317-00148121-00148311": "WE STAND IN THE SPIRIT. LET THE ENEMY KNOW WE KNOW", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01318-00148311-00148318": "LET THE ENEMY KNOW WE KNOW", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01319-00148318-00148424": "LET THE ENEMY KNOW WE KNOW THAT JESUS DIED", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01320-00148424-00148431": "THAT JESUS DIED", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01321-00148431-00148608": "THAT JESUS DIED FOR EVERY ONE OF US.\"", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01322-00148608-00148615": "FOR EVERY ONE OF US.\"", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01323-00148615-00148768": "FOR EVERY ONE OF US.\" SHOUT IT OUT OF YOUR SOUL,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01324-00148768-00148775": "SHOUT IT OUT OF YOUR SOUL,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01325-00148775-00149065": "SHOUT IT OUT OF YOUR SOUL, WE STAND STRONG.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01326-00149065-00149072": "WE STAND STRONG.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01327-00149072-00149299": "WE STAND STRONG. WE'RE STANDING,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01328-00149299-00149305": "WE'RE STANDING,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01329-00149305-00149472": "WE'RE STANDING, AND GUESS WHAT WE'RE STANDING,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01330-00149472-00149479": "AND GUESS WHAT WE'RE STANDING,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01331-00149479-00149732": "AND GUESS WHAT WE'RE STANDING, WE'RE STANDING ON HIS PRESENCE,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01332-00149732-00149739": "WE'RE STANDING ON HIS PRESENCE,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01333-00149739-00149989": "WE'RE STANDING ON HIS PRESENCE, WE STANDING ON HIS PROMISES.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01334-00149989-00149996": "WE STANDING ON HIS PROMISES.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01335-00149996-00150099": "WE STANDING ON HIS PROMISES. WE'RE NOT STANDING", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01336-00150099-00150106": "WE'RE NOT STANDING", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01337-00150106-00150220": "WE'RE NOT STANDING ON OUR STRENGTH,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01338-00150230-00150426": "WE'RE STANDING IN HIS STRENGTH.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01339-00150426-00150433": "WE'RE STANDING IN HIS STRENGTH.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01340-00150433-00150770": "WE'RE STANDING IN HIS STRENGTH. HE IS GOING TO HELP US.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01341-00150770-00150777": "HE IS GOING TO HELP US.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01342-00150777-00150990": "HE IS GOING TO HELP US. PSALM 46:1 SAYS, \"GOD IS", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01343-00150990-00150997": "PSALM 46:1 SAYS, \"GOD IS", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01344-00150997-00151221": "PSALM 46:1 SAYS, \"GOD IS OUR REFUGE AND OUR STRENGTH.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01345-00151221-00151227": "OUR REFUGE AND OUR STRENGTH.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01346-00151227-00151367": "OUR REFUGE AND OUR STRENGTH. HE'S A VERY PRESENT HELP", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01347-00151367-00151374": "HE'S A VERY PRESENT HELP", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01348-00151374-00151504": "HE'S A VERY PRESENT HELP IN THE TIME OF TROUBLE,\"", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01349-00151504-00151511": "IN THE TIME OF TROUBLE,\"", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01350-00151511-00151658": "IN THE TIME OF TROUBLE,\" AND THEN VERSE 10 SAYS,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01351-00151658-00151664": "AND THEN VERSE 10 SAYS,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01352-00151664-00151945": "AND THEN VERSE 10 SAYS, \"BE STILL AND KNOW", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01353-00151945-00151951": "\"BE STILL AND KNOW", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01354-00151951-00152111": "\"BE STILL AND KNOW THAT I AM GOD.\"", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01355-00152111-00152118": "THAT I AM GOD.\"", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01356-00152118-00152218": "THAT I AM GOD.\" WHAT A PICTURE I SEE", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01357-00152218-00152225": "WHAT A PICTURE I SEE", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01358-00152225-00152348": "WHAT A PICTURE I SEE IN FRONT OF ME.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01359-00152348-00152355": "IN FRONT OF ME.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01360-00152355-00152422": "IN FRONT OF ME. I WANT US TO SAY IT", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01361-00152422-00152428": "I WANT US TO SAY IT", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01362-00152428-00152562": "I WANT US TO SAY IT ONE MORE TIME.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01363-00152562-00152569": "ONE MORE TIME.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01364-00152569-00152672": "ONE MORE TIME. SHOUT IT SO THAT MOM", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01365-00152672-00152679": "SHOUT IT SO THAT MOM", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01366-00152679-00152779": "SHOUT IT SO THAT MOM CAN GET STRENGTH,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01367-00152779-00152785": "CAN GET STRENGTH,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01368-00152785-00152892": "CAN GET STRENGTH, SHOUT IT SO THAT BROTHER", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01369-00152892-00152899": "SHOUT IT SO THAT BROTHER", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01370-00152899-00152996": "SHOUT IT SO THAT BROTHER CAN BE STRENGTH,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01371-00152996-00153002": "CAN BE STRENGTH,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01372-00153002-00153126": "CAN BE STRENGTH, SHOUT IT SO THAT FATHER,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01373-00153126-00153132": "SHOUT IT SO THAT FATHER,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01374-00153132-00153349": "SHOUT IT SO THAT FATHER, THAT WIFE THAT LOST HER HUSBAND,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01375-00153349-00153356": "THAT WIFE THAT LOST HER HUSBAND,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01376-00153356-00153513": "THAT WIFE THAT LOST HER HUSBAND, THAT HUSBAND THAT LOST HIS WIFE,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01377-00153513-00153520": "THAT HUSBAND THAT LOST HIS WIFE,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01378-00153520-00153873": "THAT HUSBAND THAT LOST HIS WIFE, SHOUT, \"WE STAND STRONG.\"", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01379-00153873-00153880": "SHOUT, \"WE STAND STRONG.\"", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01380-00153880-00153973": "SHOUT, \"WE STAND STRONG.\" WE STAND STRONG", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01381-00153973-00153980": "WE STAND STRONG", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01382-00153980-00154133": "WE STAND STRONG IN ORLANDO, FLORIDA,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01383-00154133-00154140": "IN ORLANDO, FLORIDA,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01384-00154140-00154554": "IN ORLANDO, FLORIDA, BECAUSE GOD STILL REMAINS", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01385-00154554-00154561": "BECAUSE GOD STILL REMAINS", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01386-00154561-00154731": "BECAUSE GOD STILL REMAINS IN ORLANDO, FLORIDA.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01387-00154731-00154737": "IN ORLANDO, FLORIDA.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01388-00154737-00155118": "IN ORLANDO, FLORIDA. STRENGTH STILL REMAINS", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01389-00155118-00155124": "STRENGTH STILL REMAINS", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01390-00155124-00155308": "STRENGTH STILL REMAINS IN ORLANDO, FLORIDA.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01391-00155308-00155315": "IN ORLANDO, FLORIDA.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01392-00155315-00155552": "IN ORLANDO, FLORIDA. FOR THE NAME OF THE LORD", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01393-00155552-00155558": "FOR THE NAME OF THE LORD", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01394-00155558-00155762": "FOR THE NAME OF THE LORD IS A STRONG TOWER,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01395-00155762-00155768": "IS A STRONG TOWER,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01396-00155768-00155972": "IS A STRONG TOWER, LET'S PRAY FOR ORLANDO.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01397-00155972-00155979": "LET'S PRAY FOR ORLANDO.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01398-00155979-00156175": "LET'S PRAY FOR ORLANDO. LET'S PRAY FOR ORLANDO.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01399-00156175-00156182": "LET'S PRAY FOR ORLANDO.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01400-00156182-00156472": "LET'S PRAY FOR ORLANDO. FATHER, IN THE NAME OF JESUS,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01401-00156472-00156479": "FATHER, IN THE NAME OF JESUS,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01402-00156479-00156809": "FATHER, IN THE NAME OF JESUS, WE THANK YOU RIGHT NOW", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01403-00156809-00156816": "WE THANK YOU RIGHT NOW", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01404-00156816-00157066": "WE THANK YOU RIGHT NOW FOR ORLANDO, FLORIDA.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01405-00157066-00157073": "FOR ORLANDO, FLORIDA.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01406-00157073-00157210": "FOR ORLANDO, FLORIDA. WE'RE STANDING", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01407-00157210-00157217": "WE'RE STANDING", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01408-00157217-00157500": "WE'RE STANDING IN THE CHURCH OF ALL NATIONS,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01409-00157500-00157507": "IN THE CHURCH OF ALL NATIONS,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01410-00157507-00157554": "IN THE CHURCH OF ALL NATIONS, BY WAY OF", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01411-00157554-00157560": "BY WAY OF", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01412-00157560-00157720": "BY WAY OF TRINITY BROADCAST NETWORK,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01413-00157720-00157727": "TRINITY BROADCAST NETWORK,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01414-00157727-00158014": "TRINITY BROADCAST NETWORK, GOING OUT TO THE ENTIRE WORLD,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01415-00158014-00158021": "GOING OUT TO THE ENTIRE WORLD,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01416-00158021-00158127": "GOING OUT TO THE ENTIRE WORLD, THE WORLD IS PRAYING", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01417-00158127-00158134": "THE WORLD IS PRAYING", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01418-00158134-00158314": "THE WORLD IS PRAYING FOR ORLANDO.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01419-00158324-00158414": "WE ASK YOU TODAY", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01420-00158414-00158421": "WE ASK YOU TODAY", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01421-00158421-00158798": "WE ASK YOU TODAY TO BLESS THE VICTIMS,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01422-00158798-00158805": "TO BLESS THE VICTIMS,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01423-00158805-00159359": "TO BLESS THE VICTIMS, FAMILIES, LOVED ONES, FRIENDS,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01424-00159359-00159365": "FAMILIES, LOVED ONES, FRIENDS,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01425-00159365-00159669": "FAMILIES, LOVED ONES, FRIENDS, OH GOD, COWORKERS.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01426-00159669-00159676": "OH GOD, COWORKERS.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01427-00159676-00160016": "OH GOD, COWORKERS. WE THANK YOU, GOD,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01428-00160016-00160023": "WE THANK YOU, GOD,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01429-00160023-00160153": "WE THANK YOU, GOD, THAT YOU'RE GOING TO GIVE", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01430-00160153-00160159": "THAT YOU'RE GOING TO GIVE", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01431-00160159-00160583": "THAT YOU'RE GOING TO GIVE THEM PEACE, GIVE THEM COMFORT,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01432-00160583-00160590": "THEM PEACE, GIVE THEM COMFORT,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01433-00160590-00160813": "THEM PEACE, GIVE THEM COMFORT, AND GIVE THEM STRENGTH.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01434-00160813-00160820": "AND GIVE THEM STRENGTH.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01435-00160820-00161067": "AND GIVE THEM STRENGTH. WE THANK YOU FOR UNITY", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01436-00161067-00161074": "WE THANK YOU FOR UNITY", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01437-00161074-00161304": "WE THANK YOU FOR UNITY IN OUR COMMUNITY.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01438-00161304-00161311": "IN OUR COMMUNITY.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01439-00161311-00161481": "IN OUR COMMUNITY. IT'S NOT BASED UPON", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01440-00161491-00161774": "WHAT CHURCH WE GO TO,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01441-00161774-00161781": "WHAT CHURCH WE GO TO,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01442-00161781-00161898": "WHAT CHURCH WE GO TO, IT'S NOT BEING BASED UPON", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01443-00161898-00161905": "IT'S NOT BEING BASED UPON", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01444-00161905-00162175": "IT'S NOT BEING BASED UPON WHAT RELIGION WE BELIEVE IN,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01445-00162175-00162182": "WHAT RELIGION WE BELIEVE IN,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01446-00162182-00162415": "WHAT RELIGION WE BELIEVE IN, WE KNOW WITHOUT A DOUBT", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01447-00162415-00162422": "WE KNOW WITHOUT A DOUBT", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01448-00162422-00162679": "WE KNOW WITHOUT A DOUBT THAT JESUS IS KING OF KINGS,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01449-00162679-00162685": "THAT JESUS IS KING OF KINGS,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01450-00162685-00162972": "THAT JESUS IS KING OF KINGS, AND JESUS IS LORD OF LORDS,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01451-00162972-00162979": "AND JESUS IS LORD OF LORDS,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01452-00162979-00163042": "AND JESUS IS LORD OF LORDS, AND HE DIED", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01453-00163042-00163049": "AND HE DIED", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01454-00163049-00163263": "AND HE DIED FOR THE ENTIRE UNIVERSE.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01455-00163263-00163269": "FOR THE ENTIRE UNIVERSE.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01456-00163269-00163386": "FOR THE ENTIRE UNIVERSE. WE THANK YOU, OH GOD,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01457-00163386-00163393": "WE THANK YOU, OH GOD,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01458-00163393-00163533": "WE THANK YOU, OH GOD, THAT YOU'RE BLESSING", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01459-00163533-00163540": "THAT YOU'RE BLESSING", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01460-00163540-00163736": "THAT YOU'RE BLESSING OUR GOVERNMENT, CITY-WIDE,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01461-00163736-00163743": "OUR GOVERNMENT, CITY-WIDE,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01462-00163743-00164030": "OUR GOVERNMENT, CITY-WIDE, STATE-WIDE, AND FEDERALLY.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01463-00164030-00164037": "STATE-WIDE, AND FEDERALLY.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01464-00164037-00164153": "STATE-WIDE, AND FEDERALLY. WE THANK YOU, OH GOD,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01465-00164153-00164160": "WE THANK YOU, OH GOD,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01466-00164160-00164434": "WE THANK YOU, OH GOD, FOR OUR FIRST RESPONDERS.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01467-00164434-00164440": "FOR OUR FIRST RESPONDERS.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01468-00164440-00164497": "FOR OUR FIRST RESPONDERS. WE THANK YOU", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01469-00164497-00164504": "WE THANK YOU", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01470-00164504-00164661": "WE THANK YOU FOR THE SECOND RESPONDERS.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01471-00164661-00164667": "FOR THE SECOND RESPONDERS.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01472-00164667-00164731": "FOR THE SECOND RESPONDERS. WE THANK YOU", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01473-00164731-00164737": "WE THANK YOU", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01474-00164737-00164914": "WE THANK YOU FOR THE THIRD RESPONDERS.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01475-00164914-00164921": "FOR THE THIRD RESPONDERS.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01476-00164921-00165051": "FOR THE THIRD RESPONDERS. BLESS THE DOCTORS,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01477-00165051-00165058": "BLESS THE DOCTORS,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01478-00165058-00165101": "BLESS THE DOCTORS, AND EVEN THE ONES", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01479-00165101-00165108": "AND EVEN THE ONES", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01480-00165108-00165245": "AND EVEN THE ONES THAT WERE IN THE HOSPITAL,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01481-00165245-00165251": "THAT WERE IN THE HOSPITAL,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01482-00165251-00165495": "THAT WERE IN THE HOSPITAL, GOD, THE PATIENTS, OH GOD,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01483-00165495-00165501": "GOD, THE PATIENTS, OH GOD,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01484-00165501-00165592": "GOD, THE PATIENTS, OH GOD, THE VICTIMS WHO ARE STILL", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01485-00165592-00165598": "THE VICTIMS WHO ARE STILL", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01486-00165598-00165775": "THE VICTIMS WHO ARE STILL FIGHTING FOR THEIR LIVES.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01487-00165775-00165782": "FIGHTING FOR THEIR LIVES.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01488-00165782-00165905": "FIGHTING FOR THEIR LIVES. WE THANK YOU, GOD,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01489-00165905-00165912": "WE THANK YOU, GOD,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01490-00165912-00166005": "WE THANK YOU, GOD, THAT WE DON'T WANT TO SEE", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01491-00166005-00166012": "THAT WE DON'T WANT TO SEE", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01492-00166012-00166249": "THAT WE DON'T WANT TO SEE ANOTHER LOSS OF LIFE.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01493-00166249-00166256": "ANOTHER LOSS OF LIFE.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01494-00166256-00166339": "ANOTHER LOSS OF LIFE. PROTECT THEM NOW", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01495-00166339-00166346": "PROTECT THEM NOW", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01496-00166346-00166529": "PROTECT THEM NOW IN THE NAME OF JESUS.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01497-00166529-00166536": "IN THE NAME OF JESUS.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01498-00166536-00166616": "IN THE NAME OF JESUS. COVER THEM NOW", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01499-00166616-00166623": "COVER THEM NOW", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01500-00166623-00166819": "COVER THEM NOW IN THE NAME OF JESUS.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01501-00166819-00166826": "IN THE NAME OF JESUS.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01502-00166826-00167006": "IN THE NAME OF JESUS. HEAL AND RESTORE THEM NOW", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01503-00167006-00167013": "HEAL AND RESTORE THEM NOW", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01504-00167013-00167173": "HEAL AND RESTORE THEM NOW IN THE NAME OF JESUS.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01505-00167173-00167180": "IN THE NAME OF JESUS.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01506-00167180-00167310": "IN THE NAME OF JESUS. BLESS THE DOCTORS", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01507-00167310-00167317": "BLESS THE DOCTORS", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01508-00167317-00167487": "BLESS THE DOCTORS WHO HAVE PERFORMED SURGERIES,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01509-00167487-00167493": "WHO HAVE PERFORMED SURGERIES,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01510-00167493-00167750": "WHO HAVE PERFORMED SURGERIES, THE NURSES, THE HOSPITAL STAFF,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01511-00167750-00167757": "THE NURSES, THE HOSPITAL STAFF,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01512-00167757-00167887": "THE NURSES, THE HOSPITAL STAFF, THE FIRE DEPARTMENT,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01513-00167887-00167894": "THE FIRE DEPARTMENT,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01514-00167894-00168117": "THE FIRE DEPARTMENT, THE EMERGENCY UNITES.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01515-00168127-00168368": "OH GOD, COVER ALL OF THEM", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01516-00168368-00168374": "OH GOD, COVER ALL OF THEM", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01517-00168374-00168618": "OH GOD, COVER ALL OF THEM WHO ARE DILIGENTLY WORKING", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01518-00168618-00168625": "WHO ARE DILIGENTLY WORKING", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01519-00168625-00168741": "WHO ARE DILIGENTLY WORKING TO BRING SOME FORM", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01520-00168741-00168748": "TO BRING SOME FORM", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01521-00168748-00168978": "TO BRING SOME FORM OF HEALING AND CLOSURE.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01522-00168978-00168985": "OF HEALING AND CLOSURE.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01523-00168985-00169175": "OF HEALING AND CLOSURE. WE THANK YOU RIGHT NOW", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01524-00169175-00169182": "WE THANK YOU RIGHT NOW", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01525-00169182-00169412": "WE THANK YOU RIGHT NOW FOR THE PRAYER RESPONDERS.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01526-00169412-00169419": "FOR THE PRAYER RESPONDERS.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01527-00169419-00169559": "FOR THE PRAYER RESPONDERS. OH YES, GOD, I KNOW WE HAVE", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01528-00169559-00169566": "OH YES, GOD, I KNOW WE HAVE", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01529-00169566-00169692": "OH YES, GOD, I KNOW WE HAVE FIRST RESPONDERS,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01530-00169692-00169699": "FIRST RESPONDERS,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01531-00169699-00169759": "FIRST RESPONDERS, BUT THANK YOU", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01532-00169759-00169766": "BUT THANK YOU", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01533-00169766-00169929": "BUT THANK YOU FOR THE PRAYER RESPONDERS.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01534-00169929-00169936": "FOR THE PRAYER RESPONDERS.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01535-00169936-00170153": "FOR THE PRAYER RESPONDERS. WE INTERCEDE, WE CALL", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01536-00170153-00170159": "WE INTERCEDE, WE CALL", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01537-00170159-00170386": "WE INTERCEDE, WE CALL ON THE NAME OF JESUS,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01538-00170386-00170393": "ON THE NAME OF JESUS,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01539-00170393-00170563": "ON THE NAME OF JESUS, THOSE THAT ARE BROKEN,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01540-00170563-00170570": "THOSE THAT ARE BROKEN,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01541-00170570-00170803": "THOSE THAT ARE BROKEN, THOSE THAT ARE ANGRY,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01542-00170813-00171040": "THOSE THAT ARE CONFUSED,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01543-00171040-00171047": "THOSE THAT ARE CONFUSED,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01544-00171047-00171137": "THOSE THAT ARE CONFUSED, THOSE THAT ARE STILL", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01545-00171137-00171144": "THOSE THAT ARE STILL", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01546-00171144-00171311": "THOSE THAT ARE STILL HAVING NIGHTMARES,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01547-00171311-00171317": "HAVING NIGHTMARES,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01548-00171317-00171484": "HAVING NIGHTMARES, THOSE THAT ARE SHATTERED,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01549-00171484-00171491": "THOSE THAT ARE SHATTERED,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01550-00171491-00171771": "THOSE THAT ARE SHATTERED, THOSE THAT DON'T KNOW", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01551-00171771-00171778": "THOSE THAT DON'T KNOW", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01552-00171778-00172178": "THOSE THAT DON'T KNOW WHERE TO GO, HEAL THEM NOW.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01553-00172178-00172185": "WHERE TO GO, HEAL THEM NOW.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01554-00172185-00172408": "WHERE TO GO, HEAL THEM NOW. WE PRAY FOR ORLANDO.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01555-00172408-00172415": "WE PRAY FOR ORLANDO.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01556-00172415-00172782": "WE PRAY FOR ORLANDO. SEND YOUR ANGELS AROUND ORLANDO.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01557-00172782-00172789": "SEND YOUR ANGELS AROUND ORLANDO.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01558-00172789-00172966": "SEND YOUR ANGELS AROUND ORLANDO. SEND STRENGTH.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01559-00172966-00172972": "SEND STRENGTH.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01560-00172972-00173213": "SEND STRENGTH. ACCORDING TO PSALM 91,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01561-00173213-00173219": "ACCORDING TO PSALM 91,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01562-00173219-00173386": "ACCORDING TO PSALM 91, THAT NO EVIL SHALL BEFALL US", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01563-00173386-00173393": "THAT NO EVIL SHALL BEFALL US", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01564-00173393-00173563": "THAT NO EVIL SHALL BEFALL US AND NO PLAGUE SHALL OVERTAKE", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01565-00173563-00173570": "AND NO PLAGUE SHALL OVERTAKE", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01566-00173570-00173733": "AND NO PLAGUE SHALL OVERTAKE OUR DWELLING, AND YOU'VE GIVEN", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01567-00173733-00173740": "OUR DWELLING, AND YOU'VE GIVEN", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01568-00173740-00173856": "OUR DWELLING, AND YOU'VE GIVEN ANGELS CHARGE OVER US", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01569-00173856-00173863": "ANGELS CHARGE OVER US", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01570-00173863-00174217": "ANGELS CHARGE OVER US TO KEEP US IN ALL OUR WAYS.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01571-00174217-00174224": "TO KEEP US IN ALL OUR WAYS.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01572-00174224-00174317": "TO KEEP US IN ALL OUR WAYS. WE'RE NOT GOING TO GIVE", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01573-00174317-00174324": "WE'RE NOT GOING TO GIVE", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01574-00174324-00174520": "WE'RE NOT GOING TO GIVE ATTENTION TO EVIL.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01575-00174520-00174527": "ATTENTION TO EVIL.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01576-00174527-00174601": "ATTENTION TO EVIL. WE'RE GOING TO GIVE", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01577-00174601-00174607": "WE'RE GOING TO GIVE", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01578-00174607-00174797": "WE'RE GOING TO GIVE ATTENTION TO GOD.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01579-00174797-00174804": "ATTENTION TO GOD.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01580-00174804-00175034": "ATTENTION TO GOD. STAND UP, GOD.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01581-00175034-00175041": "STAND UP, GOD.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01582-00175041-00175245": "STAND UP, GOD. LET GOD ARISE,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01583-00175245-00175251": "LET GOD ARISE,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01584-00175251-00175401": "LET GOD ARISE, AND ALL OUR ENEMIES", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01585-00175401-00175408": "AND ALL OUR ENEMIES", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01586-00175408-00175545": "AND ALL OUR ENEMIES BE SCATTERED.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01587-00175545-00175552": "BE SCATTERED.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01588-00175552-00175788": "BE SCATTERED. LET GOD ARISE, AND ALL", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01589-00175788-00175795": "LET GOD ARISE, AND ALL", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01590-00175795-00176029": "LET GOD ARISE, AND ALL OUR ENEMIES BE SCATTERED.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01591-00176029-00176035": "OUR ENEMIES BE SCATTERED.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01592-00176035-00176199": "OUR ENEMIES BE SCATTERED. WE PRAY FOR ORLANDO.", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01593-00176239-00177250": ">> ♪ PRAISE THE LORD ♪", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01594-00177250-00177257": ">> ♪ PRAISE THE LORD ♪", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01595-00177257-00177707": ">> ♪ PRAISE THE LORD ♪ ♪ PRAISE THE LORD ♪", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01596-00177707-00177774": ">> THIS PROGRAM HAS", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01597-00177774-00177784": ">> THIS PROGRAM HAS", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01598-00177784-00177864": ">> THIS PROGRAM HAS BEEN BROUGHT TO YOU THROUGH", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01599-00177864-00177874": "BEEN BROUGHT TO YOU THROUGH", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01600-00177874-00178001": "BEEN BROUGHT TO YOU THROUGH THE PRAYERS AND CONTRIBUTIONS", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01601-00178001-00178011": "THE PRAYERS AND CONTRIBUTIONS", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01602-00178011-00178157": "THE PRAYERS AND CONTRIBUTIONS OF OUR FAITHFUL PARTNERS", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01603-00178157-00178167": "OF OUR FAITHFUL PARTNERS", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01604-00178167-00178284": "OF OUR FAITHFUL PARTNERS THROUGHOUT NORTH AMERICA,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01605-00178284-00178294": "THROUGHOUT NORTH AMERICA,", "ncMMMDl9N_4-01606-00178294-00178391": "THROUGHOUT NORTH AMERICA, AND THE WORLD."}}]