[{"audio_id": "ou3dlh2KPwu", "text": {"ou3dlh2KPwu-00000-00000079-00000231": "okay", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00001-00000231-00000335": "so", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00002-00000336-00000487": "i wrote already something on the", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00003-00000488-00001191": "blackboard i can erase one moment", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00004-00001192-00001485": "and", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00005-00001486-00002118": "[Music]", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00006-00002119-00002391": "so what we'll do today are", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00007-00002392-00002639": "five examples of concrete situations", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00008-00002640-00002895": "where we try to find a modular space a", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00009-00002896-00003047": "classifying space", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00010-00003048-00003247": "a universal space", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00011-00003247-00003486": "in very different fashions", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00012-00003488-00003679": "so the examples are quite opposite to", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00013-00003679-00003927": "each other and you will see a little bit", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00014-00003928-00004143": "where the problems are there are several", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00015-00004144-00004327": "and distinct problems", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00016-00004328-00004519": "so we start", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00017-00004520-00004783": "very simple with triangles we had this", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00018-00004784-00005079": "already", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00019-00005080-00005431": "last time", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00020-00005432-00005663": "so i tried to get a pen which works", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00021-00005664-00005831": "better", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00022-00005832-00006038": "okay", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00023-00006039-00006343": "so for triangles in our", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00024-00006344-00006895": "two", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00025-00006895-00006991": "a", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00026-00006992-00007063": "b", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00027-00007064-00007263": "ce", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00028-00007264-00007470": "so we have various", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00029-00007472-00007583": "ways of", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00030-00007584-00007783": "identifying", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00031-00007784-00008342": "triangles we have congruence", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00032-00008343-00008646": "and i want to distinguish between weak", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00033-00008647-00008878": "weak means that we allow not just", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00034-00008879-00009127": "movements in the plane", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00035-00009128-00009446": "but we allow also reflections", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00036-00009447-00009703": "and we could also take strict", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00037-00009704-00009903": "where we don't allow reflections but", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00038-00009904-00010110": "just isometrics", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00039-00010111-00010535": "orientation preserving isometrics in r2", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00040-00010536-00011046": "and then we have similarity", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00041-00011047-00011223": "where we also allow", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00042-00011224-00011438": "to multiply", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00043-00011439-00011774": "our side length with a constant", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00044-00011775-00011903": "so here", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00045-00011904-00012127": "r star will act", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00046-00012128-00012223": "okay", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00047-00012224-00012359": "you just", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00048-00012360-00012703": "stretch everything by a constant vector", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00049-00012704-00012871": "okay", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00050-00012872-00012991": "so", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00051-00012991-00013183": "we want to describe a little bit the", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00052-00013184-00013391": "space of all these triangles and for", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00053-00013391-00013551": "simplicity", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00054-00013552-00013711": "i will restrict to the case of", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00055-00013712-00013911": "similarity", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00056-00013912-00014119": "so", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00057-00014119-00014279": "when we have now these equivalence", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00058-00014280-00014479": "classes we are allowed to move the", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00059-00014480-00014743": "triangle to rotate the triangle", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00060-00014744-00014911": "and to reflect it", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00061-00014912-00015055": "okay", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00062-00015056-00015222": "so of course the side lengths will", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00063-00015223-00015566": "determine almost completely", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00064-00015568-00015950": "our triangle so what we do we first fix", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00065-00015951-00016279": "the parameter", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00066-00016280-00016575": "equal to 1 just to", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00067-00016576-00016727": "fix ideas", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00068-00016728-00017207": "then we take the triangle inequalities", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00069-00017208-00018007": "as usual", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00070-00018008-00018679": "a plus c", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00071-00018680-00018855": "and a plus b", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00072-00018856-00019103": "so these should here be strict because", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00073-00019104-00019335": "we don't want at the moment", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00074-00019336-00019607": "degenerate triangles and then", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00075-00019608-00019975": "as we allow to permute by reflections", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00076-00019976-00020279": "the ordering of the sides", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00077-00020280-00020583": "we can assume that a is less equal to b", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00078-00020584-00020799": "less than equal to c", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00079-00020800-00021022": "so what do we get", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00080-00021023-00021399": "we get the following shape in r3", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00081-00021400-00021814": "we get the hyperplane", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00082-00021815-00022167": "in r3", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00083-00022168-00022294": "given by", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00084-00022295-00022694": "a plus b plus c equals 1 and i will draw", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00085-00022695-00022863": "in this hyperplane", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00086-00022864-00023030": "the triangle defined by these", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00087-00023031-00023239": "inequalities so we get something like", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00088-00023240-00023822": "this", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00089-00023823-00024007": "so what does this mean here i give you", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00090-00024008-00024350": "the coordinates of the vertices", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00091-00024351-00024567": "one half", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00092-00024568-00024822": "so a point here will have coordinates a", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00093-00024823-00024942": "b c", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00094-00024943-00025119": "okay", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00095-00025120-00025430": "so we draw all points having", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00096-00025431-00025687": "these properties here", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00097-00025688-00025822": "so", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00098-00025823-00026118": "here we will have one quarter", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00099-00026119-00026262": "one quarter", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00100-00026263-00026574": "one half", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00101-00026575-00026783": "and here that", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00102-00026783-00027174": "third one third one third", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00103-00027175-00027423": "then this the line here will correspond", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00104-00027424-00027614": "to a equal b", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00105-00027616-00027918": "and this side will be b equals c", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00106-00027919-00028023": "okay", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00107-00028024-00028295": "and then we have the", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00108-00028295-00028718": "the rectangular triangles which will be", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00109-00028719-00028927": "inside here", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00110-00028927-00029295": "this is a curve defined by a square", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00111-00029295-00029574": "plus b square", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00112-00029575-00029855": "equals c square", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00113-00029856-00030127": "and then in the region below we will", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00114-00030127-00030423": "have an acute non-excuse", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00115-00030424-00030823": "obtuse angle", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00116-00030824-00031174": "and here we will have an acute angle", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00117-00031175-00031262": "only", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00118-00031263-00031511": "acute angles okay", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00119-00031512-00031807": "so this is the region which classifies", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00120-00031808-00032023": "all these triangles", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00121-00032024-00032174": "okay", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00122-00032175-00032343": "so of course", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00123-00032344-00032567": "along this", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00124-00032568-00032799": "this side here we will have", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00125-00032800-00033159": "equilateral triangles as well as here", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00126-00033160-00033383": "whereas here would be degenerate that's", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00127-00033384-00033462": "why", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00128-00033463-00033583": "this lower", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00129-00033584-00033927": "side length side is not contained", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00130-00033928-00034183": "so these are all triangles which appear", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00131-00034184-00034439": "like this so you see that's a nice", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00132-00034440-00034702": "dramatic object but it is not really", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00133-00034703-00035062": "a variety or something okay", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00134-00035063-00035630": "now what would be a family", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00135-00035631-00035935": "continuous", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00136-00035936-00036183": "family", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00137-00036184-00036735": "of triangles", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00138-00036736-00037079": "so we just take i hope you can see this", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00139-00037080-00037455": "we just take a curve", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00140-00037456-00037883": "inside here a parametrized curve", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00141-00037884-00038262": "okay now i want to address already here", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00142-00038263-00038495": "one problem which occurs", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00143-00038496-00038630": "which is you", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00144-00038631-00038743": "to this", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00145-00038744-00039055": "assumption here a less than or equal to", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00146-00039056-00039318": "b less than or equal to c", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00147-00039319-00039455": "because", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00148-00039456-00039630": "imagine", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00149-00039631-00039783": "that we start", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00150-00039784-00040111": "with this type of triangle", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00151-00040112-00040279": "so we have a", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00152-00040280-00040462": "so my ordering is not correct i think i", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00153-00040463-00040767": "want to have here c and b", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00154-00040768-00040958": "a", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00155-00040959-00041039": "c", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00156-00041040-00041127": "b", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00157-00041128-00041495": "and now we move this triangle we deform", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00158-00041496-00041999": "this triangle as follows", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00159-00042000-00042327": "then in the middle we will have an", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00160-00042328-00043015": "equilateral triangle", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00161-00043016-00043199": "and then we end up with a rectangular", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00162-00043200-00043383": "triangle again", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00163-00043384-00043479": "okay", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00164-00043480-00043574": "a", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00165-00043575-00043735": "b c", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00166-00043736-00043967": "now here you see you have c larger than", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00167-00043968-00044030": "b", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00168-00044031-00044374": "but here we have b larger than c", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00169-00044375-00044607": "so this is a problem when we want to", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00170-00044608-00044830": "draw this in this curve", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00171-00044831-00044918": "okay", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00172-00044919-00045118": "so of course you could say", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00173-00045119-00045383": "the two extremal triangles are similar", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00174-00045384-00045518": "to each other because we allow", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00175-00045519-00045639": "reflections", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00176-00045640-00045902": "but if we don't really allow refractions", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00177-00045903-00046039": "this family", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00178-00046040-00046143": "will be", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00179-00046144-00046399": "a family where we cannot identify these", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00180-00046400-00046495": "two", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00181-00046496-00046646": "okay", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00182-00046647-00046790": "now", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00183-00046791-00047039": "nevertheless we could now we could bend", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00184-00047040-00047246": "this family and", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00185-00047247-00047471": "bend it along a circle so now we take", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00186-00047472-00047735": "instead of an interval as our parameter", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00187-00047736-00047839": "space", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00188-00047840-00048095": "we take a circle and we take these", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00189-00048096-00048327": "extremal triangles here", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00190-00048328-00048615": "at the right and left hand and", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00191-00048616-00048830": "and we glue them together and then we", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00192-00048831-00049151": "will get the family parameterized by s1", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00193-00049152-00049446": "where we have kind of mobius band yeah", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00194-00049447-00049639": "and this will be a typical problem which", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00195-00049640-00049879": "occurs when one studies", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00196-00049880-00050039": "modular problems", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00197-00050040-00050255": "so there is a whole story behind these", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00198-00050256-00050486": "triangles i will give you references", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00199-00050487-00050695": "where you can read more about it", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00200-00050696-00050943": "but today i want to just stick to this", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00201-00050944-00051086": "and address", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00202-00051087-00051335": "a slightly more complicated", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00203-00051336-00051535": "example which is similar to triangles", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00204-00051536-00051630": "actually", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00205-00051632-00051823": "it's not just slightly more complicated", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00206-00051824-00052102": "it's much more complicated and", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00207-00052103-00052358": "it is the following", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00208-00052359-00052479": "what about", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00209-00052479-00052671": "instead of triangles", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00210-00052672-00052959": "we take tetrahedra", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00211-00052960-00054038": "in r3", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00212-00054039-00054126": "so", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00213-00054127-00054415": "as you know whenever you prescribe", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00214-00054416-00054582": "in a triangle", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00215-00054583-00054830": "the side length", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00216-00054832-00054950": "with", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00217-00054951-00056116": "satisfying", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00218-00056116-00056582": "[Applause]", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00219-00056583-00056911": "so whenever we have a b c", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00220-00056912-00057063": "and they satisfy the triangle", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00221-00057064-00057326": "inequalities we will find the triangle", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00222-00057327-00057582": "having these side lengths okay", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00223-00057583-00057815": "now let's go to tetrahedra what about", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00224-00057816-00058542": "tetrahedra", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00225-00058544-00059023": "we could take them in our three", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00226-00059024-00059366": "but it would also work more generally", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00227-00059367-00059775": "n simplices", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00228-00059776-00060119": "in rn", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00229-00060120-00060271": "okay", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00230-00060272-00060582": "and we want to classify all of them", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00231-00060583-00060742": "in a similar way as we did with", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00232-00060744-00060903": "triangles", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00233-00060904-00061119": "so as you can see even for tetrahedra", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00234-00061120-00061366": "and r3 that's not obvious", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00235-00061367-00061687": "so what are the triangle inequalities", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00236-00061688-00062223": "the one thing which is clear", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00237-00062224-00062542": "one thing which is clear is now maybe i", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00238-00062544-00062966": "i draw", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00239-00062967-00063279": "one such", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00240-00063279-00063535": "tetrahedron", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00241-00063536-00063975": "so we have the facets", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00242-00063976-00064350": "are triangles", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00243-00064351-00064591": "i restrict to the case of dimension 3", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00244-00064591-00064823": "you could think of dimension n", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00245-00064824-00064966": "and i will give you a reference where", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00246-00064967-00065182": "you find dimension n", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00247-00065183-00065526": "now very natural questions", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00248-00065527-00065775": "let", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00249-00065776-00065911": "capital a", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00250-00065912-00066247": "b c d", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00251-00066248-00066494": "the areas", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00252-00066495-00066799": "of these", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00253-00066800-00067231": "four triangles", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00254-00067232-00067494": "then obviously we will have the same", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00255-00067495-00067838": "type of inequalities as for the triangle", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00256-00067839-00068111": "then", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00257-00068112-00068255": "you could call it the simplex", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00258-00068256-00068903": "inequalities", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00259-00068904-00069055": "namely", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00260-00069056-00069447": "a will be less than b plus c", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00261-00069448-00069655": "plus d and this", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00262-00069656-00070111": "cyclically", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00263-00070112-00070255": "obviously now", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00264-00070256-00070647": "the area above the the lower triangle", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00265-00070648-00070863": "the three areas must sum up to something", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00266-00070864-00071079": "which is larger than the smaller one the", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00267-00071080-00071247": "one below", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00268-00071248-00071462": "so assume", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00269-00071463-00071743": "that all these", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00270-00071744-00072055": "inequalities are satisfied we have four", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00271-00072056-00072359": "of these equalities", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00272-00072360-00072662": "and the question is does there exist", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00273-00072663-00072926": "a tetrahedron with these", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00274-00072927-00073662": "volumes or areas of facets", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00275-00073663-00073943": "for any", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00276-00073944-00074406": "such a b c", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00277-00074407-00074543": "does there", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00278-00074544-00074926": "exist", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00279-00074927-00075455": "a tetrahedron", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00280-00075456-00076382": "with these areas", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00281-00076383-00076694": "so what do you think", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00282-00076695-00077255": "do we need extra conditions", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00283-00077256-00077623": "is there a solution", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00284-00077624-00077887": "is it obvious", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00285-00077888-00078143": "maybe there exists no solution", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00286-00078144-00078775": "do they exist many solutions", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00287-00078776-00079511": "so a little bit of history", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00288-00079512-00081087": "it's a funny history because", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00289-00081088-00081303": "this was the answer to this question was", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00290-00081304-00081455": "proven to be true", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00291-00081456-00081711": "in dimension three", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00292-00081712-00082294": "so this was done by", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00293-00082295-00082903": "takia", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00294-00082904-00083287": "in 1905", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00295-00083288-00083494": "and equals three i will give you the", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00296-00083495-00083967": "reference but the paper is in japanese", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00297-00083968-00084279": "yes", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00298-00084280-00084750": "this is true", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00299-00084751-00085023": "it's not completely obvious actually the", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00300-00085024-00085350": "proof is not at all such simple", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00301-00085351-00085559": "and the interesting thing is", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00302-00085560-00085991": "that dimension n", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00303-00085992-00086238": "larger equals n4", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00304-00086239-00086406": "took almost", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00305-00086407-00086638": "no actually took more than 100 years to", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00306-00086639-00086823": "be solved", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00307-00086824-00087167": "so this was done by", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00308-00087168-00087262": "another", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00309-00087263-00087887": "japanese mathematician izumi", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00310-00087888-00088599": "in the proceedings of the ams", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00311-00088600-00088775": "okay", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00312-00088776-00089087": "so", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00313-00089088-00089215": "you get", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00314-00089216-00089550": "also a positive answer", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00315-00089551-00089662": "answer", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00316-00089663-00089894": "is again", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00317-00089895-00090079": "yes", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00318-00090080-00090303": "you can try to prove it on your own", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00319-00090304-00090606": "or at least the case n equals three", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00320-00090607-00090799": "and you send it to me and we make a kind", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00321-00090800-00090967": "of competition", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00322-00090968-00091055": "so", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00323-00091056-00091399": "the proof", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00324-00091400-00091567": "uses", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00325-00091568-00091671": "only", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00326-00091672-00092062": "linear algebra", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00327-00092063-00092375": "and for those who are familiar", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00328-00092376-00092759": "minkowski type", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00329-00092760-00092879": "kowski", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00330-00092880-00093135": "type", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00331-00093136-00093518": "arguments", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00332-00093519-00093662": "but of course", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00333-00093663-00093950": "the shape of the facets the shape of the", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00334-00093951-00094199": "triangles is not determined", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00335-00094200-00095335": "so we have infinitely many solutions", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00336-00095336-00095655": "so we are far from having a system of", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00337-00095656-00095871": "representatives of", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00338-00095872-00096206": "equivalence classes of tetrahedron okay", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00339-00096207-00096838": "so the model like problem", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00340-00096839-00097462": "would consist in selecting", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00341-00097463-00097615": "for each", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00342-00097616-00097687": "a", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00343-00097688-00097782": "b", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00344-00097783-00097999": "c d", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00345-00098000-00098382": "a distinguished", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00346-00098383-00098838": "tetrahedron", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00347-00098839-00099174": "and maybe one has to impose additional", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00348-00099175-00099959": "conditions", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00349-00099960-00100191": "so you see that just going one dimension", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00350-00100192-00100294": "higher", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00351-00100295-00100591": "makes life already quite difficult", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00352-00100592-00100799": "and i want to give you", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00353-00100800-00100974": "a small idea", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00354-00100975-00101303": "how the argument the proof goes", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00355-00101304-00101567": "because", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00356-00101568-00101662": "uh", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00357-00101663-00101847": "it's again", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00358-00101848-00102118": "a funny story which is", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00359-00102119-00102335": "behind", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00360-00102336-00102439": "so", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00361-00102440-00104509": "now i have to draw again", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00362-00104510-00105110": "[Applause]", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00363-00105111-00105927": "[Music]", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00364-00105928-00106039": "so", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00365-00106040-00106390": "the type of argument which is used", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00366-00106391-00106519": "is", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00367-00106520-00107086": "the following", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00368-00107088-00107302": "problem", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00369-00107303-00107566": "josef", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00370-00107567-00107695": "langer", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00371-00107696-00108166": "problem", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00372-00108167-00108734": "so this was posed in 1953", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00373-00108735-00109175": "and solved only", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00374-00109176-00109519": "in 1997.", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00375-00109520-00109702": "but when i explain you the problem you", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00376-00109703-00110023": "will say i solve it until tomorrow", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00377-00110024-00110310": "and it is elementary geometry it goes as", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00378-00110311-00110423": "follows", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00379-00110424-00110558": "you take", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00380-00110559-00110910": "a quadrilateral", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00381-00110911-00111183": "so this is nothing to do with", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00382-00111183-00111678": "with moduli it's just for fun", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00383-00111679-00112463": "i tried to draw a big one", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00384-00112464-00112783": "okay", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00385-00112783-00113086": "so maybe you have an elegant proof", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00386-00113088-00113375": "what you do you take the bisectors of", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00387-00113376-00114831": "the sides", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00388-00114832-00114983": "i have to treat a little bit to get", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00389-00114983-00115847": "something reasonable", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00390-00115848-00116302": "here", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00391-00116303-00116663": "okay i hope you can see it", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00392-00116664-00116839": "and this will give you another", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00393-00116840-00117319": "quadrilateral which is a very small one", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00394-00117320-00117447": "which i draw", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00395-00117448-00118023": "in blue", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00396-00118024-00118295": "now in this blue", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00397-00118296-00118471": "quadrilateral you can take again", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00398-00118472-00118654": "bisectors", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00399-00118655-00119151": "i draw them in small", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00400-00119152-00119431": "it's maybe difficult to see but", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00401-00119432-00119623": "i repeat you start with the", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00402-00119624-00119775": "quadrilateral", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00403-00119776-00120095": "you take the bisectors strikken symmetra", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00404-00120096-00120351": "you get another quadrilateral", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00405-00120352-00120575": "you take from this quadrilateral the", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00406-00120576-00120710": "bisectors", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00407-00120711-00121054": "and you get a third quadrature", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00408-00121055-00121407": "now i'm not able to draw it", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00409-00121408-00121631": "something inside here", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00410-00121632-00121910": "so you start with q1", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00411-00121911-00122414": "then here we will have q2", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00412-00122415-00122831": "and then we go to q3", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00413-00122832-00123078": "and the problem of langer", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00414-00123079-00123623": "was to show that", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00415-00123624-00123783": "q3", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00416-00123783-00124199": "is similar", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00417-00124200-00124639": "to q1", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00418-00124640-00124751": "it's amazing", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00419-00124752-00125054": "it should be very easy", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00420-00125055-00125343": "but apparently either it was unobserved", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00421-00125344-00125551": "but it was in the", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00422-00125552-00125734": "in the notices of the american", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00423-00125735-00125895": "mathematical society no in the american", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00424-00125896-00126110": "mathematical monthly so a lot of people", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00425-00126111-00126263": "are reading it", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00426-00126264-00126478": "so you can try it on the computer and to", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00427-00126479-00126678": "show that these are similar which means", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00428-00126679-00126951": "similar just means that after suitable", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00429-00126952-00127119": "rotations", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00430-00127120-00127478": "the sides are parallel okay", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00431-00127479-00128654": "so that's a little bit about triangles", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00432-00128655-00128910": "this will not be our main focus in this", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00433-00128911-00129054": "class", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00434-00129055-00129295": "because it falls a little bit outside", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00435-00129296-00129471": "algebraic geometry", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00436-00129472-00129686": "and we don't have", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00437-00129688-00129943": "so many techniques for it but it's nice", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00438-00129944-00131336": "to have a look at it", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00439-00131337-00131623": "[Music]", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00440-00131624-00131935": "okay this was the first topic of today", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00441-00131936-00132583": "the second one are lines and curves", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00442-00132584-00132743": "lines", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00443-00132744-00132966": "and curves", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00444-00132967-00133743": "in p2", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00445-00133744-00133966": "so we want to classify", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00446-00133967-00134199": "or count", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00447-00134200-00134511": "or parametrize lines and curves in p2", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00448-00134512-00134799": "and i start with something very simple", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00449-00134800-00134919": "so", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00450-00134920-00135054": "p2", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00451-00135055-00135247": "you can take it over the complex numbers", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00452-00135248-00135599": "of the real numbers projective plane", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00453-00135600-00135999": "and i will denote by a2", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00454-00136000-00136214": "let's say over c just to the complex", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00455-00136215-00136631": "plane c2", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00456-00136632-00137343": "yes please", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00457-00137344-00137614": "as far as i know only q3 is similar to", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00458-00137615-00137783": "q1", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00459-00137784-00137887": "yeah", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00460-00137888-00138127": "so i think you can test it on the on", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00461-00138128-00138454": "your computer program easily", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00462-00138455-00138702": "okay", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00463-00138703-00138831": "would yes", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00464-00138832-00139111": "be similar to q2", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00465-00139112-00139335": "please don't ask me questions which i", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00466-00139336-00139575": "don't know to answer", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00467-00139576-00139863": "to q2 yes by the same construction", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00468-00139864-00140653": "yes it's just a repetition", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00469-00140654-00141366": "[Music]", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00470-00141367-00141502": "yes so", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00471-00141503-00141814": "i didn't look up the proofs yeah but", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00472-00141815-00141927": "uh", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00473-00141928-00142271": "it seems not so easy to to prove it yeah", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00474-00142272-00142590": "i i'm not aware how the proof goes yeah", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00475-00142591-00142807": "i just want to to put it as a side", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00476-00142808-00142959": "remark", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00477-00142960-00143039": "okay", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00478-00143040-00143343": "so let's go to lines and curves in p2", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00479-00143344-00143511": "first", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00480-00143512-00143711": "lines", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00481-00143712-00144007": "in a2", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00482-00144008-00144278": "passing", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00483-00144279-00144543": "through zero", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00484-00144544-00144751": "this will give us just", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00485-00144752-00145031": "a p1 we have seen this already", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00486-00145032-00145111": "you know", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00487-00145112-00145431": "the p1 is classifying all lines in a2", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00488-00145432-00145599": "passing through zero", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00489-00145600-00145999": "but what about arbitrary lines", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00490-00146000-00146366": "what about", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00491-00146367-00146607": "a fine lines", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00492-00146608-00146790": "in a2", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00493-00146791-00146975": "of course this is again simple but let's", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00494-00146976-00147151": "look at it", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00495-00147152-00147311": "so now we", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00496-00147312-00147495": "we have here the origin and we look at", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00497-00147496-00147751": "lines", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00498-00147752-00147895": "anything", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00499-00147896-00148143": "and we want to parameterize them", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00500-00148144-00148414": "so of course to parameterize these lines", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00501-00148415-00148566": "we could just take", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00502-00148567-00148726": "a point", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00503-00148727-00148966": "and a vector", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00504-00148967-00149102": "so we would be", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00505-00149103-00149223": "in", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00506-00149224-00149599": "c2 times c2", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00507-00149600-00149871": "but of course", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00508-00149872-00150175": "we have an equivalent relation because", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00509-00150176-00150359": "if the points lie", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00510-00150360-00150511": "on the same line", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00511-00150512-00150663": "we get twice", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00512-00150664-00150814": "the same line", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00513-00150815-00151111": "so this is too big so we have here", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00514-00151112-00151383": "an equivalence relation", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00515-00151384-00151526": "and", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00516-00151527-00151911": "the way out is very simple", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00517-00151912-00152190": "we just take", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00518-00152191-00152519": "the equation for the length", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00519-00152520-00152847": "so here algebra is very helpful", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00520-00152848-00153078": "we just take a x plus", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00521-00153079-00153223": "b y", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00522-00153224-00153375": "equals c e", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00523-00153376-00153614": "and now we already have the answer", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00524-00153615-00153783": "of course a b c", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00525-00153784-00154071": "are only unique up to multiplying with a", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00526-00154072-00154263": "non-zero constant", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00527-00154264-00154447": "so we get a", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00528-00154448-00154735": "the projective point abc", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00529-00154736-00155102": "will be a representative of each line", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00530-00155103-00155271": "and this will be", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00531-00155272-00155454": "an element in p2", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00532-00155455-00155911": "so here if we take arbitrary lines in a2", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00533-00155912-00156151": "we get", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00534-00156152-00156478": "p2 as a modular space okay", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00535-00156479-00156783": "so these lines in a2 passing", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00536-00156784-00157063": "not necessarily through zero we could", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00537-00157064-00157271": "also take them", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00538-00157272-00157583": "as lines in p2 because we could also", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00539-00157584-00157959": "take the homogeneous equation", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00540-00157960-00158190": "a x plus b y", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00541-00158191-00158543": "equals c z which is equivalent and this", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00542-00158544-00158702": "will define", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00543-00158703-00158839": "a line", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00544-00158840-00159087": "in p2", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00545-00159088-00159407": "okay so the lines in p2 correspond", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00546-00159408-00159766": "to the airfine lines in a2", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00547-00159767-00160183": "so", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00548-00160184-00160511": "lines in a2 or lines in p2", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00549-00160512-00160751": "are smooth curves", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00550-00160752-00160919": "so we can", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00551-00160920-00161111": "maybe i", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00552-00161112-00161351": "i was told that i should not write down", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00553-00161352-00161471": "here", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00554-00161472-00161726": "so my space is even", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00555-00161727-00161839": "my", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00556-00161840-00162166": "light bulb is even smaller", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00557-00162167-00162439": "and i will have to erase quite a often", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00558-00162440-00162614": "but", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00559-00162615-00163839": "it's part of the story", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00560-00163840-00164990": "[Music]", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00561-00164991-00165263": "so we can consider a line in a2 or a", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00562-00165264-00165471": "line in p2", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00563-00165472-00165759": "as a smooth one-dimensional manifold", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00564-00165760-00166014": "complex manifold", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00565-00166015-00166575": "so", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00566-00166576-00166735": "we can consider", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00567-00166736-00167063": "smooth curves", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00568-00167064-00167295": "in p2", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00569-00167296-00167535": "of genus", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00570-00167536-00167911": "zero now i'm not going", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00571-00167912-00168199": "to explain precisely what the genus is", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00572-00168200-00168471": "but you have to imagine that this means", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00573-00168472-00169102": "that topologically", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00574-00169103-00169438": "homeomorphic", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00575-00169439-00169871": "2s2 the sphere the real sphere", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00576-00169872-00170054": "so these curves are called rational", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00577-00170055-00170959": "curves", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00578-00170960-00171111": "and", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00579-00171112-00171311": "the equivalence relation", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00580-00171312-00171878": "are", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00581-00171879-00172031": "is given", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00582-00172032-00172375": "by birational", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00583-00172376-00172847": "equivalence", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00584-00172848-00173047": "in p2", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00585-00173048-00173383": "which means maps from p2p to p2 which", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00586-00173384-00173631": "are given by quotients of polynomials", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00587-00173632-00173775": "okay", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00588-00173776-00173902": "and then", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00589-00173903-00174159": "if the genus is zero if you have such a", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00590-00174160-00174471": "curve c then it's easy to show", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00591-00174472-00174543": "that", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00592-00174544-00174919": "actually all these are isomorphic", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00593-00174920-00175063": "to a p1", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00594-00175064-00175478": "in p2", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00595-00175479-00175614": "so that's", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00596-00175615-00175854": "not really very fascinating yet because", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00597-00175855-00176054": "you just have one candidate", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00598-00176055-00176278": "but it is interesting if you just look", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00599-00176279-00176551": "at it topologically", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00600-00176552-00176919": "so", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00601-00176920-00177126": "p1", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00602-00177127-00177454": "is now i just draw this symbol", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00603-00177455-00177607": "to s2", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00604-00177608-00178183": "topologically", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00605-00178184-00178823": "okay", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00606-00178824-00179102": "and this gives rise to the notion of", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00607-00179103-00179638": "exotic sphere", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00608-00179639-00179735": "sn", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00609-00179736-00180054": "now i go in dimension higher", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00610-00180055-00180319": "so the first part up here was algebraic", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00611-00180320-00180575": "geometry now we are in topology", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00612-00180576-00180814": "exotic spheres the question is the", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00613-00180815-00180935": "following", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00614-00180936-00181111": "if x", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00615-00181112-00181583": "is", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00616-00181584-00182175": "a manifold", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00617-00182176-00182559": "homomorphic", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00618-00182560-00182807": "to sn", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00619-00182808-00183023": "is it", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00620-00183024-00183295": "already", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00621-00183296-00184071": "diffiomorphic", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00622-00184072-00184199": "this was a", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00623-00184200-00184454": "and this still is a very active area of", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00624-00184455-00184671": "research and", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00625-00184672-00184902": "it gave rise to at least three field", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00626-00184903-00185278": "medals so milnor", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00627-00185279-00185575": "again this is a classification problem", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00628-00185576-00185687": "milner", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00629-00185688-00186102": "constructed", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00630-00186103-00186902": "counter-example", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00631-00186903-00187038": "in", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00632-00187039-00187278": "dimension", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00633-00187279-00187383": "7", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00634-00187384-00187599": "which are the famous exotic spheres of", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00635-00187600-00187766": "milner", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00636-00187767-00188047": "and he got the field medal", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00637-00188048-00188190": "and", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00638-00188191-00188311": "then you can", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00639-00188312-00188743": "impose additional conditions", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00640-00188744-00188919": "you can impose", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00641-00188920-00189238": "that", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00642-00189239-00189590": "it's not that your manifold is not just", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00643-00189591-00189759": "homeomorphic", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00644-00189760-00189999": "to an n-dimensional sphere", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00645-00190000-00190223": "but that this has even the homotopic", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00646-00190224-00190575": "type", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00647-00190576-00190926": "so there's a homotopy between", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00648-00190927-00191183": "the sphere", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00649-00191184-00191319": "and", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00650-00191320-00191603": "the manifold", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00651-00191604-00191956": "[Applause]", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00652-00191957-00192478": "[Music]", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00653-00192479-00192607": "so the", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00654-00192608-00192814": "the senior people among you certainly", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00655-00192815-00193007": "know this story", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00656-00193008-00193102": "so", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00657-00193103-00193247": "if", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00658-00193248-00193350": "x", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00659-00193351-00193711": "homotopy", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00660-00193712-00194023": "equivalent", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00661-00194024-00194287": "to sn", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00662-00194288-00194454": "so for those who are not familiar with", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00663-00194455-00194678": "homotopy equivalence that's a stronger", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00664-00194679-00194975": "condition", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00665-00194976-00195319": "stronger", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00666-00195320-00195766": "than homeomorphic", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00667-00195767-00195975": "one could again ask whether x is", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00668-00195976-00196254": "actually equal to sn", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00669-00196255-00196407": "then", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00670-00196408-00196790": "it was smale", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00671-00196791-00196975": "so the question is whether this implies", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00672-00196976-00197687": "that x is differmorphic", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00673-00197688-00198071": "sn", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00674-00198072-00198366": "smale did dimension", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00675-00198367-00198550": "n", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00676-00198551-00198887": "uh larger than four", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00677-00198888-00199335": "friedman", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00678-00199336-00199647": "dimension n equals four", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00679-00199648-00199895": "which is harder and still harder is", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00680-00199896-00200543": "dimension three", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00681-00200544-00200735": "n equals 3.", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00682-00200736-00200902": "so that's a phenomenon which is well", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00683-00200903-00201087": "known in topology", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00684-00201088-00201247": "that the small dimensions are often", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00685-00201248-00201487": "harder to check and to prove than the", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00686-00201488-00202575": "large dimensions", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00687-00202576-00203135": "[Music]", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00688-00203136-00203399": "but what is finished uh yes the sentence", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00689-00203400-00203654": "like so miller constructed a counter", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00690-00203655-00204231": "example in what in dimension seven", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00691-00204232-00204407": "n equals seven", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00692-00204408-00204654": "okay", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00693-00204655-00204886": "so this was the case so this was a side", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00694-00204887-00205014": "step again", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00695-00205015-00205127": "as we", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00696-00205128-00205310": "like to do", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00697-00205311-00205566": "so we were studying or looking at smooth", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00698-00205567-00205982": "curves of genus zero and now we look", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00699-00205983-00206390": "smooth curves of genus 1", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00700-00206391-00206766": "smooth curves", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00701-00206767-00207055": "in p2", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00702-00207056-00207286": "let me do it over the complex numbers of", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00703-00207287-00207527": "genus", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00704-00207528-00207703": "one", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00705-00207704-00208023": "so this is a smooth complex curve", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00706-00208023-00208110": "so", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00707-00208111-00208598": "as a real manifold", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00708-00208600-00208727": "it is", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00709-00208728-00208998": "a differentiable manifold a defensible", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00710-00209000-00209342": "surface", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00711-00209344-00209623": "and topologically", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00712-00209623-00210158": "one knows that this is just a torus", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00713-00210159-00210639": "in r3", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00714-00210640-00210751": "okay", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00715-00210752-00210903": "and maybe", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00716-00210904-00211110": "the theory of these smooth curves of", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00717-00211111-00211351": "genus one in p2 is one of the most", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00718-00211352-00211631": "beautiful subjects in mathematics and in", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00719-00211632-00211839": "the theory of moduli", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00720-00211840-00211975": "the", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00721-00211976-00212463": "the famous naming is the theory", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00722-00212464-00213142": "of elliptic curves", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00723-00213144-00213255": "and", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00724-00213256-00213406": "of course i'm not going to give a whole", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00725-00213407-00213615": "course on elliptic curves and you don't", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00726-00213616-00213782": "know you don't have to know what the", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00727-00213783-00213910": "genus is", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00728-00213911-00214167": "i will give you just enough information", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00729-00214167-00214415": "so that you see where the classification", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00730-00214416-00214734": "problem is and how it is solved", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00731-00214735-00214846": "so for", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00732-00214848-00215271": "curves of genus one for elliptic curves", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00733-00215271-00215582": "the classification is completely done", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00734-00215583-00215823": "it's already classical and it's quite", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00735-00215823-00216063": "surprising how it works", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00736-00216064-00216198": "moreover", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00737-00216200-00216382": "it has various", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00738-00216383-00216663": "different approaches", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00739-00216664-00216894": "there is the approach from algebraic", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00740-00216896-00217063": "geometry", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00741-00217064-00217310": "there's the approach through complex", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00742-00217311-00217479": "analysis and", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00743-00217480-00217687": "wires trust p functions", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00744-00217688-00217815": "p function", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00745-00217816-00218031": "and there is also the approach", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00746-00218032-00218740": "using lattices", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00747-00218741-00219510": "[Music]", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00748-00219511-00219823": "so i will start very elementally", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00749-00219823-00220382": "very elementary as follows", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00750-00220383-00220623": "elliptic curves so how do we define an", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00751-00220623-00221006": "elliptic curve e", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00752-00221007-00221582": "this will be the zero set in p2", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00753-00221583-00222398": "we take projective coordinates", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00754-00222400-00222846": "let me do it over the complex numbers", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00755-00222848-00223103": "f of x y z", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00756-00223104-00223334": "equals zero", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00757-00223335-00223687": "where", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00758-00223688-00223815": "f", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00759-00223816-00223975": "is", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00760-00223976-00224775": "a homogeneous polynomial", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00761-00224776-00225046": "of degree", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00762-00225048-00225134": "3", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00763-00225135-00225351": "or 4", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00764-00225352-00225871": "and such that", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00765-00225871-00226206": "the zero set v of f", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00766-00226207-00226510": "is smooth", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00767-00226511-00226958": "for the manifold and this just means", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00768-00226959-00227151": "that if you look", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00769-00227152-00227446": "at the common zeros of f", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00770-00227448-00227623": "and you set it equal to the partial", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00771-00227623-00228191": "derivative", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00772-00228192-00228351": "then it has only", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00773-00228352-00228679": "solution", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00774-00228680-00228775": "0", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00775-00228776-00228958": "0 0", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00776-00228959-00229398": "and this does not lie in p2", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00777-00229400-00229655": "okay so it's a condition and i will make", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00778-00229656-00229782": "it more precise on the partial", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00779-00229783-00229942": "derivatives of f", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00780-00229944-00230542": "and that's an elliptic curve", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00781-00230544-00230775": "it has nothing to do with the geometry", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00782-00230776-00230982": "of an ellipse a priori", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00783-00230983-00231142": "but there's a strong relation with", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00784-00231144-00231598": "ellipses and arc lengths okay", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00785-00231600-00231694": "so", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00786-00231696-00231910": "certain elliptic curve is not just the", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00787-00231911-00232319": "set it comes with a distinguished point", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00788-00232319-00232406": "e", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00789-00232407-00232694": "and let me call it zero often this is", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00790-00232696-00232967": "also placed at infinity", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00791-00232967-00233182": "is a curve", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00792-00233183-00234046": "plus a distinguished point", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00793-00234048-00234206": "so", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00794-00234207-00234439": "if you take now a homogeneous polynomial", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00795-00234440-00234679": "in three variables", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00796-00234680-00234855": "you have a lot of them", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00797-00234856-00235094": "but of course many of these polynomials", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00798-00235096-00235334": "will define the same elliptic curve", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00799-00235335-00235575": "obviously so you have the notion of", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00800-00235576-00235734": "isomorphism", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00801-00235735-00235855": "yeah", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00802-00235856-00236158": "so equivalence", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00803-00236159-00236391": "e prime", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00804-00236392-00236719": "there exists a linear", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00805-00236719-00236942": "coordinate change", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00806-00236944-00237110": "or if you prefer you can take all the", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00807-00237111-00237327": "birational", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00808-00237328-00237758": "coordinate change", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00809-00237759-00238246": "in a2 so we embed a2 into pc p2", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00810-00238248-00238375": "where we can", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00811-00238376-00238551": "this curve", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00812-00238552-00238751": "almost everything of this curve lies in", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00813-00238752-00239015": "a2 in the affine plane and just the", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00814-00239016-00239482": "point at infinity lies in p2 at the", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00815-00239483-00239831": "boundary let me call it phi", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00816-00239832-00239982": "with e prime", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00817-00239983-00240334": "equals phi of e", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00818-00240335-00240606": "and this again can be expressed in terms", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00819-00240607-00241030": "of bi-rational maps of p2", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00820-00241031-00241342": "by rational", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00821-00241344-00241446": "map", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00822-00241448-00241942": "of pito", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00823-00241944-00242071": "so", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00824-00242071-00242255": "don't you want to don't you want or to", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00825-00242256-00242542": "be mapped or prime", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00826-00242544-00242982": "yes thank you", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00827-00242983-00243263": "mapping", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00828-00243264-00243382": "o", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00829-00243383-00243503": "prime", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00830-00243504-00243703": "of course this is again", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00831-00243704-00244039": "a selection we could any preferred point", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00832-00244040-00244182": "of course but", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00833-00244183-00244575": "like this it's better and now", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00834-00244576-00244806": "you want to find a nice equation that", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00835-00244807-00244927": "the first", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00836-00244928-00245094": "kind of elementary", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00837-00245096-00245575": "object objective", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00838-00245576-00245998": "and", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00839-00246000-00246271": "many many people have tried to find", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00840-00246271-00246494": "a nice f", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00841-00246496-00246751": "so that's maybe the", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00842-00246752-00247015": "the starting point of", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00843-00247016-00247191": "modulai", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00844-00247192-00247953": "theory", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00845-00247954-00248255": "[Music]", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00846-00248256-00248534": "if you work with an arbitrary degree", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00847-00248535-00248703": "four polynomials three variables", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00848-00248704-00248910": "homogeneous you have many many", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00849-00248911-00249039": "coefficients", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00850-00249040-00249255": "so what you try to do is you to try to", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00851-00249256-00249479": "eliminate these coefficients", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00852-00249480-00249646": "so the goal is", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00853-00249648-00249982": "find a normal form", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00854-00249983-00250103": "find", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00855-00250104-00250406": "nice", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00856-00250407-00250934": "normal form", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00857-00250935-00251071": "for f", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00858-00251071-00251287": "always with respect to this equivalence", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00859-00251288-00251527": "relation", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00860-00251528-00251727": "and", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00861-00251728-00251871": "there are many of them", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00862-00251871-00252046": "there are many of them and they carry", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00863-00252048-00252494": "separate names so the usual one", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00864-00252496-00252679": "is the following", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00865-00252680-00253158": "so this would be the", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00866-00253159-00253623": "plus the second", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00867-00253623-00254439": "where am i", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00868-00254440-00254606": "so three", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00869-00254607-00254798": "at least three candidates", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00870-00254800-00255630": "so there's the wire stress normal form", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00871-00255631-00255830": "and it depends a little bit on your", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00872-00255831-00256023": "taste and it also depends what you want", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00873-00256023-00256175": "to do with it", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00874-00256176-00256455": "which is the following it's always for f", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00875-00256456-00256558": "and i'm", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00876-00256559-00256830": "not going to show why this is like this", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00877-00256831-00257087": "y square equals x cubed", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00878-00257088-00257263": "minus a x", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00879-00257264-00257446": "minus b", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00880-00257448-00257582": "a b", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00881-00257583-00257839": "in c", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00882-00257840-00257951": "so", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00883-00257952-00258182": "that's already quite nice compared to a", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00884-00258183-00258375": "degree four polynomial in three", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00885-00258376-00258623": "variables so this is of course now the i", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00886-00258623-00258846": "have put z equals one because i work in", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00887-00258848-00259030": "affine", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00888-00259031-00259358": "i work in a2 to simplify my life", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00889-00259359-00259598": "and the only condition is that this guy", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00890-00259600-00259734": "here", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00891-00259735-00259967": "should have three distinct truths", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00892-00259967-00260119": "three", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00893-00260119-00260471": "distinct roots", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00894-00260471-00260967": "and that's equivalent to e of f smooth", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00895-00260967-00261127": "we are working over the complex numbers", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00896-00261128-00261271": "in characteristic two that's a little", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00897-00261271-00261655": "bit more complicated", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00898-00261656-00261815": "then we have the", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00899-00261816-00262487": "hessian normal form", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00900-00262488-00262727": "so the bioshock normal form is maybe the", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00901-00262728-00262895": "most frequent one", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00902-00262896-00263071": "almost everybody is using this but the", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00903-00263072-00263239": "hessian normal form", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00904-00263240-00263479": "in a certain extent is nicer it looks", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00905-00263480-00263591": "like this", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00906-00263592-00263775": "it is", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00907-00263776-00264006": "now this is in", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00908-00264007-00264143": "again", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00909-00264144-00264471": "whenever i use that i mean that i'm", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00910-00264472-00264719": "in homogeneous coordinates", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00911-00264720-00264839": "equals d", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00912-00264840-00265110": "x y z", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00913-00265111-00265382": "and here the condition", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00914-00265383-00265695": "of smoothness is just expressed that d", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00915-00265696-00265958": "square is not one", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00916-00265959-00266279": "and then we have the linus", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00917-00266280-00266863": "normal form", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00918-00266864-00267119": "which is similar to this one", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00919-00267120-00267487": "it is again a sine x plus one", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00920-00267488-00267679": "y plus 1", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00921-00267680-00267958": "x plus y plus alpha", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00922-00267959-00268103": "equals", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00923-00268104-00268663": "c x y so this is again a fine", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00924-00268664-00269006": "so you see these two here the last two", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00925-00269007-00269303": "they are symmetric in x y and z", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00926-00269304-00269527": "so that's a certain advantage", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00927-00269528-00269623": "and", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00928-00269624-00270063": "sometimes they are easier to compute", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00929-00270064-00270223": "and then", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00930-00270224-00270375": "the last one", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00931-00270376-00270551": "it doesn't have a name but i found it in", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00932-00270552-00270958": "a wonderful paper of edwards", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00933-00270959-00271143": "and the references will appear on the", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00934-00271144-00271310": "website", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00935-00271311-00271839": "this is again quite different", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00936-00271840-00272175": "so i will call it e a", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00937-00272176-00272351": "and the equation is", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00938-00272352-00272471": "x square", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00939-00272472-00272663": "plus y square", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00940-00272664-00272999": "equals a squared plus", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00941-00273000-00273455": "a squared x squared y squared", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00942-00273456-00273782": "and the condition is that a to the fifth", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00943-00273783-00274103": "is different from a this is again", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00944-00274104-00274375": "for smoothness", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00945-00274376-00274551": "so you see you have", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00946-00274552-00274830": "very different shapes of a normal form", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00947-00274831-00274910": "all", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00948-00274911-00275158": "define the same object but of course you", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00949-00275159-00275375": "have to switch the parameters", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00950-00275376-00275623": "conveniently", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00951-00275624-00275839": "and you don't know which one is better", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00952-00275840-00276175": "so this one the last one", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00953-00276176-00276399": "is convenient", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00954-00276400-00276495": "for", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00955-00276496-00276679": "the group law", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00956-00276680-00276951": "so you may have heard that", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00957-00276952-00277206": "elliptic curves", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00958-00277207-00277519": "have this fantastic property to allow", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00959-00277520-00277863": "an addition", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00960-00277864-00278047": "and this addition can be defined", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00961-00278048-00278230": "algebraically", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00962-00278231-00278519": "if you define it", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00963-00278520-00278823": "in the wirestar's normal form the", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00964-00278824-00279182": "formulas are quite complicated", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00965-00279183-00279487": "but if you do it", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00966-00279488-00279734": "in the edwards form", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00967-00279735-00280823": "things are much easier", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00968-00280824-00280910": "so", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00969-00280911-00281895": "the edition law", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00970-00281896-00282015": "for", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00971-00282016-00282343": "ea", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00972-00282344-00282558": "is the following", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00973-00282559-00282727": "so we", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00974-00282728-00282839": "i do it", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00975-00282840-00283055": "in the fine setting", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00976-00283056-00283279": "i want to add", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00977-00283280-00283734": "two points with coordinates x y and z w", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00978-00283735-00284047": "and this should end up in the point", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00979-00284048-00284182": "inside", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00980-00284183-00284303": "e a", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00981-00284304-00284519": "so i just have to indicate", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00982-00284520-00284919": "the formulas for u and v", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00983-00284920-00285303": "so u will be 1 over a", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00984-00285304-00285487": "x w", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00985-00285488-00285727": "plus z y", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00986-00285728-00286103": "divided by 1 plus x", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00987-00286104-00286199": "by", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00988-00286200-00286439": "the w", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00989-00286440-00286606": "and v", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00990-00286607-00286895": "is 1 over a", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00991-00286896-00287503": "y w minus x that one plus x y z w so", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00992-00287504-00287895": "that's a beautiful formula", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00993-00287896-00288039": "and", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00994-00288040-00288358": "this formula appears already", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00995-00288359-00288871": "in the work of carl friedrich gauss", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00996-00288872-00289119": "so he already considered this in the", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00997-00289120-00289303": "case where a", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00998-00289304-00289567": "i think he took a equals i", "ou3dlh2KPwu-00999-00289568-00289839": "square root of i", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01000-00289840-00290103": "and then he realized that this addition", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01001-00290104-00290182": "law", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01002-00290183-00290375": "is very similar", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01003-00290376-00290534": "to the", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01004-00290535-00290975": "additional law of sine and cosine", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01005-00290976-00291199": "compare", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01006-00291200-00291830": "with addition law", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01007-00291831-00292071": "for sine", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01008-00292072-00292439": "and cosine", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01009-00292440-00292630": "so i will give you the reference to the", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01010-00292631-00292823": "article of edwards i cannot write down", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01011-00292824-00292958": "everything on this board because", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01012-00292959-00293167": "otherwise i will never end of", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01013-00293168-00293375": "erasing", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01014-00293376-00293471": "but", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01015-00293472-00293639": "i want to", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01016-00293640-00293895": "to", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01017-00293896-00294095": "tell you a little bit about more about", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01018-00294096-00294310": "this story", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01019-00294311-00294510": "so what would be now", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01020-00294511-00294695": "in these four", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01021-00294696-00294958": "normal forms the parameter which", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01022-00294959-00295151": "characterizes", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01023-00295152-00295399": "the elliptic curve up to equivalence up", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01024-00295400-00295575": "to isomorphism", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01025-00295576-00295854": "so what are the moduli", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01026-00295855-00295951": "what", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01027-00295952-00296447": "would be", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01028-00296448-00296791": "a modular space", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01029-00296792-00297479": "for such elliptic curves", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01030-00297480-00297695": "and that's", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01031-00297696-00297934": "when i saw it for the first time i was i", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01032-00297935-00298175": "think i did not really realize", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01033-00298176-00298439": "that that's very surprising", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01034-00298440-00298710": "because there's a single number", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01035-00298711-00298943": "which tells you", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01036-00298944-00299143": "the equivalence class of an elliptic", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01037-00299144-00299279": "curve", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01038-00299280-00299519": "and i will just do it", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01039-00299520-00299767": "for the biostars normal form in the", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01040-00299768-00299982": "edwards form and this is the famous j", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01041-00299983-00300334": "invariant", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01042-00300335-00300758": "the j invariant", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01043-00300759-00301082": "so this is a number in c", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01044-00301083-00301247": "describes", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01045-00301248-00301823": "uniquely", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01046-00301824-00302495": "the equivalence class", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01047-00302496-00303071": "of an elliptical", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01048-00303072-00303230": "and i will tell you what the drain", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01049-00303231-00303806": "variant is algebraically", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01050-00303807-00303943": "so", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01051-00303944-00304687": "for wire stress", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01052-00304688-00304943": "j is up to a scalar multiple which i", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01053-00304944-00305110": "don't care about", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01054-00305111-00305334": "it would be", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01055-00305335-00305495": "a cubed", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01056-00305496-00305863": "a cubed minus 27", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01057-00305864-00305951": "b", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01058-00305952-00306271": "square", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01059-00306272-00306503": "miracle", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01060-00306504-00306751": "not clear how to find it", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01061-00306752-00306967": "it's not very very difficult to prove", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01062-00306968-00307127": "that whenever", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01063-00307128-00307334": "two", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01064-00307335-00307503": "elliptic curve have the same chain", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01065-00307504-00307710": "variant they are isomorphic to each", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01066-00307711-00308095": "other and conversely okay", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01067-00308096-00308454": "that's one way to define the j invariant", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01068-00308455-00308767": "if you want to see it in terms of", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01069-00308768-00309071": "edwards", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01070-00309072-00309287": "you can also define it directly and it", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01071-00309288-00309510": "is the same", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01072-00309511-00309791": "after computation you get", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01073-00309792-00310167": "uh", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01074-00310168-00310319": "j", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01075-00310320-00310654": "i think i have here 1 over 108", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01076-00310655-00310975": "if i'm not", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01077-00310976-00311487": "no 16", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01078-00311488-00311863": "yes", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01079-00311864-00312119": "[Music]", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01080-00312120-00313023": "i cannot breathe", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01081-00313024-00313406": "so i will try to", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01082-00313407-00313575": "maybe i should ah maybe because the", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01083-00313576-00313806": "camera is not correctly", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01084-00313807-00314375": "let me see if this helps", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01085-00314376-00314743": "better", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01086-00314744-00315695": "can you see now the last line", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01087-00315696-00315919": "yes so yes we have to live with it i", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01088-00315920-00316134": "think i'm sorry but", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01089-00316135-00316450": "we are still working on it", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01090-00316451-00317156": "[Music]", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01091-00317157-00317527": "[Applause]", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01092-00317528-00317671": "the problem is that", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01093-00317672-00317871": "the camera is too close and we cannot", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01094-00317872-00318039": "move it further because the room is not", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01095-00318040-00318182": "bigger", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01096-00318183-00318327": "so", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01097-00318328-00318582": "okay so for edward here you can read i", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01098-00318583-00318823": "hope", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01099-00318824-00319015": "in any case this is the optimum i can", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01100-00319016-00319254": "write because up there i cannot", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01101-00319255-00319519": "so for edwards you get", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01102-00319520-00319606": "j", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01103-00319607-00319879": "now this is a different a", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01104-00319880-00320310": "i erased it j would be", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01105-00320311-00320551": "now this constant i think it is", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01106-00320552-00320975": "maybe", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01107-00320976-00321167": "16 i think", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01108-00321168-00321439": "times this is now", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01109-00321440-00321663": "a to the eighth so this is the a of", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01110-00321664-00321830": "edward's formula", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01111-00321831-00322143": "plus 14 a square", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01112-00322144-00322391": "or a4", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01113-00322392-00322654": "plus one", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01114-00322655-00322943": "cubed", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01115-00322944-00323406": "a4 times a4 minus one", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01116-00323407-00323679": "to the fourth", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01117-00323680-00323830": "so you see", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01118-00323831-00324151": "the formulas are quite different", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01119-00324152-00324375": "uh of course the a's and the b's play a", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01120-00324376-00324654": "different role but in both cases", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01121-00324655-00324887": "you would not guess that this is", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01122-00324888-00325095": "invariant so", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01123-00325096-00325199": "e", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01124-00325200-00325519": "isomorphic e prime", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01125-00325520-00325630": "j", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01126-00325631-00325823": "equal j prime", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01127-00325824-00326215": "and conversely that's a big theorem okay", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01128-00326216-00326454": "so we have one number which tells you", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01129-00326455-00326743": "how the curve looks like", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01130-00326744-00326847": "so", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01131-00326848-00327015": "i'm not sure if i will make a break", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01132-00327016-00327303": "today", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01133-00327304-00327487": "but no i don't make a break today we", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01134-00327488-00327647": "have half an hour more", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01135-00327648-00327863": "in any case i am late", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01136-00327864-00328006": "so", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01137-00328007-00328206": "i told you before that there is a kind", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01138-00328207-00328423": "of", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01139-00328424-00328654": "big story behind the elliptic curves and", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01140-00328655-00329063": "one is lattices", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01141-00329064-00329247": "there is a description of", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01142-00329248-00329463": "elliptic curve by lattices so that's", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01143-00329464-00329582": "pure", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01144-00329583-00329815": "i would even say combinatorics or linear", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01145-00329816-00330030": "algebra", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01146-00330031-00330230": "and you do the following", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01147-00330231-00330551": "so you take l in now you're in r2 which", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01148-00330552-00330815": "you identify with c", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01149-00330816-00331295": "a two dimensional lattice", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01150-00331296-00331454": "those who have seen the elliptic curves", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01151-00331455-00331710": "maybe it's a little bit boring but", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01152-00331711-00332158": "in any case it's a beautiful theory", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01153-00332159-00332254": "so", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01154-00332255-00332503": "this is just generated", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01155-00332504-00332639": "that", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01156-00332640-00332975": "alpha diagram that beta", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01157-00332976-00333239": "and you assume that alpha over beta is", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01158-00333240-00333615": "not in r so they are not proportional", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01159-00333616-00333823": "and then of course you can rotate and", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01160-00333824-00334047": "stretch this lattice and only you get", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01161-00334048-00334278": "without loss of generality", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01162-00334279-00334599": "you can write this as l tau which is z", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01163-00334600-00334727": "times 1", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01164-00334728-00334847": "plus that", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01165-00334848-00335119": "tau", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01166-00335120-00335439": "so", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01167-00335440-00335687": "here you have", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01168-00335688-00335847": "1", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01169-00335848-00336063": "and here you will have tau and then you", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01170-00336064-00336375": "get the usual drawing", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01171-00336376-00336671": "of the lattice", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01172-00336672-00336927": "everybody has seen this", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01173-00336928-00337215": "and so on okay", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01174-00337216-00337478": "and you can declare two lattices to be", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01175-00337479-00337734": "equivalent", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01176-00337735-00337919": "l tau", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01177-00337920-00338199": "equivalent l tau prime", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01178-00338200-00338423": "if and only if", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01179-00338424-00338958": "you can multiply one by a complex number", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01180-00338959-00339158": "c in c star", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01181-00339159-00339406": "but that l tau prime", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01182-00339407-00339534": "equals", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01183-00339535-00339839": "c times l tau", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01184-00339840-00340119": "that's a kind of natural equivalence", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01185-00340120-00340295": "relation", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01186-00340296-00340463": "and this equivalence relation can be", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01187-00340464-00340839": "expressed in terms of tau", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01188-00340840-00341230": "now i will again have", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01189-00341231-00341375": "a b c", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01190-00341376-00341710": "d apologize for multiple notation", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01191-00341711-00342015": "so this will be now a matrix in sl2 with", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01192-00342016-00342151": "integer", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01193-00342152-00342343": "entries", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01194-00342344-00342830": "such that tau prime equals a tau plus b", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01195-00342831-00343119": "c tau plus b", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01196-00343120-00343399": "but this this quotient here we have seen", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01197-00343400-00343519": "it already", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01198-00343520-00344319": "this is again a mobius transformation", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01199-00344320-00344482": "so it pops up", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01200-00344483-00344751": "here quite naturally", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01201-00344752-00345047": "this tau here is in the upper half plane", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01202-00345048-00345271": "so here we have the upper half plane the", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01203-00345272-00345454": "open upper half plane", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01204-00345455-00345806": "and tau is in h", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01205-00345807-00345903": "okay", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01206-00345904-00346215": "and it turns out that sl2z acts by this", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01207-00346216-00346391": "formula", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01208-00346392-00346663": "sl2 that", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01209-00346664-00346799": "acts", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01210-00346800-00347015": "on h", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01211-00347016-00347263": "by this transformation", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01212-00347264-00347599": "okay now how is this related to elliptic", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01213-00347600-00347815": "curves", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01214-00347816-00348071": "now i can write here i hope", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01215-00348072-00348271": "you take the following two numbers you", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01216-00348272-00348551": "take g2", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01217-00348552-00349134": "what is the factor i think it's 60.", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01218-00349135-00349343": "you take all", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01219-00349344-00349695": "let me call them alpha", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01220-00349696-00350006": "different zero alpha in l", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01221-00350007-00350278": "now i just take one lattice", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01222-00350279-00350447": "and you take", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01223-00350448-00350567": "a bomb", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01224-00350568-00350695": "one over", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01225-00350696-00350958": "alpha four", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01226-00350959-00351334": "let me check a second", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01227-00351335-00351687": "in order not to make a mistake", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01228-00351688-00351806": "yes", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01229-00351807-00352063": "alpha to the minus 4", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01230-00352064-00352287": "and d3", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01231-00352288-00352406": "is", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01232-00352407-00352695": "140", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01233-00352696-00352882": "these are these eisenstein", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01234-00352883-00353151": "series i'll find l", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01235-00353152-00353558": "alpha to the minus six", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01236-00353559-00356351": "and then you will get an elliptic curve", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01237-00356352-00356738": "so", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01238-00356739-00357439": "[Music]", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01239-00357440-00357695": "you get e", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01240-00357696-00357839": "of l", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01241-00357840-00358110": "which will be defined by y square", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01242-00358111-00358551": "equals x cubed minus g 2 x", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01243-00358552-00358910": "minus g3", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01244-00358911-00359071": "elliptic", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01245-00359072-00359351": "curve", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01246-00359352-00359591": "and", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01247-00359592-00359719": "doing this", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01248-00359720-00359830": "e", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01249-00359831-00359958": "l", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01250-00359959-00360327": "will be isomorphic to e l prime", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01251-00360328-00360543": "if and only if l", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01252-00360544-00360903": "is equivalent to m prime", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01253-00360904-00361110": "okay", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01254-00361111-00361334": "so that's something mathematicians like", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01255-00361335-00361447": "a lot", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01256-00361448-00361887": "they have two very different objects", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01257-00361888-00362087": "and they have an equivalence relation on", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01258-00362088-00362263": "one side of the object and on the other", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01259-00362264-00362430": "side of the objects", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01260-00362431-00362630": "and the two equivalence relations", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01261-00362631-00362847": "correspond to each other", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01262-00362848-00363006": "and that's here's the case", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01263-00363007-00363263": "that the striking example that", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01264-00363264-00363471": "objects of", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01265-00363472-00363782": "a very different type may be related", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01266-00363783-00364015": "and discovering this must have been very", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01267-00364016-00364158": "exciting", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01268-00364159-00364439": "now this is just the tip of the iceberg", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01269-00364440-00364671": "there is much more to elliptic curves", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01270-00364672-00364903": "you can do it arithmetically over finite", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01271-00364904-00365095": "fields you can do it", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01272-00365096-00365295": "dramatically using the biostars p", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01273-00365296-00365391": "function", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01274-00365392-00365719": "lots and lots of theory the j invariant", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01275-00365720-00365927": "can also be expressed in terms of the", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01276-00365928-00366215": "lattice i don't give you the formula", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01277-00366216-00366406": "so", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01278-00366407-00366743": "everything fits together", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01279-00366744-00366887": "there are not so many theories in", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01280-00366888-00367151": "mathematics where so many things come", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01281-00367152-00367551": "together", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01282-00367552-00367703": "so i'm not going to finish with my", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01283-00367704-00367887": "program today", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01284-00367888-00368095": "but", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01285-00368096-00368399": "i want at least give you a completely", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01286-00368400-00368847": "different type of equivalence relation", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01287-00368848-00369151": "and moduli problem", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01288-00369152-00369271": "so", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01289-00369272-00369463": "starting elliptic curves these are", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01290-00369464-00369815": "projective curves in p2 so that's a", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01291-00369816-00370054": "global object as a triangle now you", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01292-00370055-00370199": "compare", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01293-00370200-00370399": "two global objects with each other by an", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01294-00370400-00370775": "isomorphism of the ambient space", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01295-00370776-00370895": "so", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01296-00370896-00371230": "this is really trying to find a", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01297-00371231-00371367": "parameter", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01298-00371368-00371567": "which for each value of the parameter", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01299-00371568-00371823": "you get precisely one equivalence class", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01300-00371824-00372047": "which the parameter is here this g", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01301-00372048-00372278": "invariant", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01302-00372279-00372502": "there are different approaches", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01303-00372503-00372678": "to study moduli", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01304-00372679-00372951": "and there is also a local version", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01305-00372952-00373134": "and", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01306-00373135-00373391": "i'm going to start at least today to", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01307-00373392-00373551": "describe you", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01308-00373552-00373839": "a local moduli problem which is then not", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01309-00373840-00374239": "called modular problem anymore", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01310-00374240-00374527": "but which gives rise", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01311-00374528-00374671": "to", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01312-00374672-00374815": "again", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01313-00374816-00375143": "very nice results and", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01314-00375144-00375502": "many surprising phenomena", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01315-00375503-00377719": "and this is a theory of deformations", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01316-00377720-00377927": "so i invite you", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01317-00377928-00378095": "to look a little bit at the literature", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01318-00378096-00378415": "i'm indicating to you", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01319-00378416-00378623": "because", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01320-00378624-00378863": "in this first part", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01321-00378864-00379110": "of the class where i'm mostly telling", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01322-00379111-00379254": "stories", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01323-00379255-00379454": "i'm not going to do all the technical", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01324-00379455-00379678": "details", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01325-00379679-00379815": "so", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01326-00379816-00380102": "the next example will be what is called", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01327-00380103-00381199": "simple singularities", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01328-00381200-00381406": "and this is a topic which has been very", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01329-00381407-00381902": "very fashionable in the 1970s 1960s", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01330-00381903-00382095": "and", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01331-00382096-00382239": "maybe the", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01332-00382240-00382934": "the story started with vladimir arnold", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01333-00382935-00383343": "in this was in 1979.", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01334-00383344-00383854": "sorry this was not in 1972", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01335-00383855-00384158": "and i already mentioned", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01336-00384159-00384423": "this article", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01337-00384424-00384558": "of durfee", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01338-00384559-00385478": "which is called 15 characterizations", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01339-00385479-00385591": "and so on", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01340-00385592-00385823": "okay", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01341-00385824-00385958": "and again", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01342-00385959-00386319": "if you look at the article of arnold", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01343-00386320-00386630": "every student could can understand it", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01344-00386631-00386839": "doesn't need any technique almost", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01345-00386840-00386967": "nothing", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01346-00386968-00387071": "and", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01347-00387072-00387367": "the computations are", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01348-00387368-00387575": "not obvious they are complicated but", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01349-00387576-00387782": "nothing deep", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01350-00387783-00388119": "so what is the situation let me start", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01351-00388120-00388263": "like this we are now in the complex", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01352-00388264-00389127": "analytics setting", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01353-00389128-00389447": "locally at zero", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01354-00389448-00389647": "so everything is local", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01355-00389648-00389919": "and we will consider a holomorphic map i", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01356-00389920-00390215": "write it like this c3", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01357-00390216-00390375": "to c", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01358-00390376-00390510": "so this means", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01359-00390511-00390719": "that f is defined", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01360-00390720-00390871": "on some u", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01361-00390872-00391087": "inside c3", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01362-00391088-00391239": "and goes to c", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01363-00391240-00391502": "and this is an open neighborhood", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01364-00391503-00391671": "of zero", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01365-00391672-00391767": "okay", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01366-00391768-00392215": "so that's what is called the germ", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01367-00392216-00392519": "of holomorphic", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01368-00392520-00392702": "function i'm only looking locally at", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01369-00392703-00392847": "zero", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01370-00392848-00392999": "and then i get", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01371-00393000-00393247": "the zero set", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01372-00393248-00393351": "x", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01373-00393352-00393671": "in c3", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01374-00393672-00393951": "f of x is zero", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01375-00393952-00394095": "and again", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01376-00394096-00394391": "locally we look at it only locally at", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01377-00394392-00394551": "zero", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01378-00394552-00395143": "so this is a hypersurface", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01379-00395144-00395430": "it has dimension 2 f is of course", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01380-00395431-00395647": "assumed not to be constant and it's not", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01381-00395648-00395782": "interesting", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01382-00395783-00395958": "and you can imagine that f is just a", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01383-00395959-00396095": "polynomial", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01384-00396096-00396254": "okay", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01385-00396255-00396647": "you define a hypersurface in c3", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01386-00396648-00396895": "by polynomials three variables", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01387-00396896-00397102": "and you look at it locally", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01388-00397103-00397343": "in the euclidean topology", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01389-00397344-00397782": "now you declare if i call this capital x", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01390-00397783-00397943": "declare x", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01391-00397944-00398175": "equivalent to y and of course this is", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01392-00398176-00398495": "your choice of equivalence relation", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01393-00398496-00398943": "uh there exists a phi from c3 to c3 a", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01394-00398944-00399095": "coordinate change", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01395-00399096-00399415": "by holomorphic", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01396-00399416-00399630": "and again by this i mean in the", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01397-00399631-00399943": "neighborhood of zero this is defined", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01398-00399944-00400127": "sending", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01399-00400128-00400215": "x", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01400-00400216-00400482": "to y", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01401-00400483-00400806": "okay so", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01402-00400807-00401206": "imagine", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01403-00401207-00401358": "this is your x", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01404-00401359-00401551": "here you have the origin", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01405-00401552-00401719": "and then you are looking in the small", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01406-00401720-00401863": "ball", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01407-00401864-00402039": "in c3", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01408-00402040-00402254": "you are just interested at this singular", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01409-00402255-00402375": "point", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01410-00402376-00402615": "if there is some singular point", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01411-00402616-00402782": "okay", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01412-00402783-00402863": "now", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01413-00402864-00403063": "if", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01414-00403064-00403163": "if", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01415-00403164-00403351": "dxf", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01416-00403352-00403567": "zero", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01417-00403568-00403710": "or", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01418-00403711-00403871": "d y f", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01419-00403872-00403982": "zero", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01420-00403983-00404310": "d z f zero", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01421-00404311-00404487": "one of these nonzero", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01422-00404488-00404863": "not all zero", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01423-00404864-00404975": "then", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01424-00404976-00405158": "v of f", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01425-00405159-00405278": "is", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01426-00405279-00405487": "a manifold", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01427-00405488-00405678": "at zero", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01428-00405679-00405975": "so that's kind of the generic case", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01429-00405976-00406199": "okay", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01430-00406200-00406391": "otherwise you may have", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01431-00406392-00406543": "such a picture there are many other", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01432-00406544-00406806": "pictures okay", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01433-00406807-00407071": "and", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01434-00407072-00407239": "of course the point here will be called", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01435-00407240-00407830": "a singularity", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01436-00407831-00407982": "and", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01437-00407983-00408182": "it's obvious that you will never be able", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01438-00408183-00408430": "to classify all fs because they are just", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01439-00408431-00408751": "too many", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01440-00408752-00408902": "so you want to", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01441-00408903-00409230": "classify something which maybe", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01442-00409231-00409399": "is", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01443-00409400-00409534": "simple-minded", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01444-00409535-00409663": "okay", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01445-00409664-00409895": "and i know it had the following a day", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01446-00409896-00410039": "idea", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01447-00410039-00410166": "he said", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01448-00410167-00410295": "i want to", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01449-00410296-00410774": "classify those x or those f", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01450-00410775-00410974": "which are the simplest one in a certain", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01451-00410975-00411134": "hierarchy", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01452-00411135-00411607": "so the simplest one", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01453-00411608-00412022": "simplest x again locally at 0", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01454-00412023-00412478": "means that x is smooth", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01455-00412479-00412703": "okay", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01456-00412704-00412982": "and the second simplest one", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01457-00412983-00413382": "is based on the following observation", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01458-00413383-00413526": "which is", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01459-00413527-00413814": "a philosophical observation", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01460-00413815-00414159": "if we have f of x", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01461-00414160-00414303": "from c 3", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01462-00414304-00414455": "0", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01463-00414456-00414639": "to c", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01464-00414639-00414903": "and if we so f", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01465-00414904-00415143": "think of a polynomial", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01466-00415143-00415455": "and in this polynomial you start", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01467-00415456-00415687": "to change", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01468-00415688-00415878": "the coefficients", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01469-00415879-00416199": "to deform", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01470-00416200-00416407": "f", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01471-00416408-00416774": "to a family", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01472-00416775-00417007": "f t", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01473-00417008-00417295": "such that", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01474-00417296-00417695": "f 0 equals f i'll give you an example", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01475-00417696-00417934": "now i will write f x y z because i need", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01476-00417935-00418103": "three verbs you take", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01477-00418104-00418414": "x square y plus y cubed", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01478-00418415-00418655": "plus z square", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01479-00418656-00418766": "and now", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01480-00418767-00419151": "you take your deformation x y z", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01481-00419152-00419495": "x square y plus y square you introduce a", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01482-00419496-00419670": "parameter", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01483-00419671-00420039": "by adding here just plus t x when t is", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01484-00420039-00420279": "zero this disappears and gives you f", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01485-00420280-00420399": "okay", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01486-00420400-00420591": "of course you could also take here maybe", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01487-00420592-00420783": "1 plus t", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01488-00420784-00420975": "as a coefficient of y square but i don't", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01489-00420976-00421103": "want to do it", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01490-00421104-00421359": "yeah maybe we do it doesn't matter", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01491-00421360-00421687": "it's also okay", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01492-00421688-00422039": "plus 1 plus t", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01493-00422039-00422295": "now you cannot read this but i hope you", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01494-00422296-00422559": "you heard me okay this is what is called", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01495-00422560-00423110": "a deformation and t is close to zero", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01496-00423112-00423222": "to 0", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01497-00423223-00423470": "in c with respect to the euclidean", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01498-00423471-00423670": "topology", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01499-00423671-00424279": "now what do you see in this example", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01500-00424280-00424743": "that the f t for t non-zero", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01501-00424743-00424855": "x t", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01502-00424856-00425343": "will be smooth", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01503-00425343-00425518": "because here", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01504-00425519-00425783": "the derivative", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01505-00425784-00426070": "we'll give you something non-vanishing", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01506-00426071-00426255": "namely just t", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01507-00426256-00426463": "okay", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01508-00426464-00426759": "so that's a very special case in general", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01509-00426760-00426951": "it need not be smooth but the", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01510-00426952-00427455": "observation of arnold is", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01511-00427456-00427695": "under deformation", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01512-00427696-00428422": "under small deformation", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01513-00428423-00428863": "the singularities", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01514-00428864-00429047": "at zero", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01515-00429047-00429247": "of x t", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01516-00429247-00429407": "become", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01517-00429408-00429575": "better", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01518-00429576-00430159": "or stay the same", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01519-00430160-00430351": "so what does it mean to stay the same to", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01520-00430352-00430591": "stay the same means that", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01521-00430592-00430791": "x t is", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01522-00430792-00430927": "equivalent to", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01523-00430928-00431118": "x zero", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01524-00431119-00431503": "and better is not defined yet", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01525-00431504-00431743": "you can make it precise but", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01526-00431743-00432247": "that's kind of complicated", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01527-00432247-00432710": "so", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01528-00432712-00432847": "in general", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01529-00432847-00433318": "when you deform", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01530-00433319-00433614": "such a holomorphic function", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01531-00433615-00433910": "by a parameter t", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01532-00433912-00434159": "you get many many", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01533-00434160-00434535": "different equivalence classes", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01534-00434535-00434863": "so i will give you", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01535-00434864-00435110": "a very heuristic drawing", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01536-00435112-00436407": "explaining what i mean", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01537-00436408-00436670": "in the back of our equivalence", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01538-00436671-00436951": "relation here we have a group acting", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01539-00436952-00437047": "and", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01540-00437047-00437255": "being equivalent means that the objects", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01541-00437256-00437375": "are in the same", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01542-00437376-00437479": "orbit", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01543-00437480-00437663": "so if you draw a group action in the", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01544-00437664-00437895": "orbits of a group action like this", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01545-00437896-00438118": "of course this is a very very simplified", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01546-00438119-00438279": "picture", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01547-00438280-00438647": "so this would be g times an element y", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01548-00438647-00438766": "let's say", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01549-00438767-00439014": "g is acting on some space and y is an", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01550-00439015-00439151": "element", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01551-00439152-00439518": "and if you pick one element", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01552-00439519-00439663": "and if you take", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01553-00439664-00439759": "now", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01554-00439760-00439991": "a deformation", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01555-00439992-00440359": "let me call this element here that", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01556-00440360-00440622": "now if you move that a little bit this", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01557-00440623-00440918": "means introducing this t", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01558-00440919-00441207": "then you will get something like a small", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01559-00441208-00441351": "curve", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01560-00441352-00441470": "like here", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01561-00441471-00441575": "okay", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01562-00441576-00441870": "so this would be", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01563-00441871-00442175": "the curve zt corresponding to our ft", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01564-00442176-00442366": "here", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01565-00442367-00442599": "and what you see is that this curve will", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01566-00442600-00442959": "intersect infinitely many orbits", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01567-00442960-00443095": "because of course", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01568-00443096-00443327": "in this stupid picture", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01569-00443328-00443479": "the orbits are", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01570-00443480-00443743": "kind of dense", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01571-00443743-00443966": "now", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01572-00443967-00444214": "what arnold observed is that in the", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01573-00444215-00444447": "setting of these holomorphic functions", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01574-00444447-00444622": "ft here", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01575-00444623-00444822": "there are cases", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01576-00444823-00444910": "where", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01577-00444912-00445118": "ft", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01578-00445119-00445375": "intersects only finitely many orbits and", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01579-00445376-00445599": "that's his definition", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01580-00445600-00445910": "f is called", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01581-00445912-00446118": "f or x", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01582-00446119-00446422": "is called", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01583-00446423-00447159": "a simple singularity", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01584-00447160-00447335": "if", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01585-00447335-00447783": "any deformation", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01586-00447784-00448103": "ft of f", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01587-00448104-00448279": "t in c", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01588-00448280-00448759": "close to zero", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01589-00448760-00448951": "shows", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01590-00448952-00449055": "only", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01591-00449056-00449487": "finitely many", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01592-00449488-00450047": "equivalence classes", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01593-00450047-00450231": "so these are the lowest one in the", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01594-00450232-00450447": "hierarchy yeah", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01595-00450447-00450735": "so again when you deform you get", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01596-00450735-00450879": "something simpler", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01597-00450880-00451118": "in a certain sense something better but", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01598-00451119-00451295": "it could be infinitely many different", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01599-00451296-00451422": "types", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01600-00451423-00451495": "but", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01601-00451496-00451575": "if", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01602-00451576-00451822": "below something there are only finitely", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01603-00451823-00452070": "many you must be already very low in the", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01604-00452071-00452199": "hierarchy", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01605-00452200-00452399": "and something low in the hierarchy will", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01606-00452400-00452759": "be the simplest object to classify", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01607-00452760-00452991": "so once you have this definition", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01608-00452992-00453607": "the theorem", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01609-00453608-00453679": "is", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01610-00453680-00453966": "that these simple singularities allow", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01611-00453967-00454503": "a fantastic classification", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01612-00454504-00454822": "simple singularities", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01613-00454823-00455270": "can be classified", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01614-00455271-00455391": "so that's", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01615-00455392-00455622": "as follows", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01616-00455623-00455975": "you have a k", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01617-00455976-00456270": "all are polynomials x k plus 1 plus y", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01618-00456271-00456559": "square plus z square k", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01619-00456560-00456775": "at least one", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01620-00456776-00456943": "d k", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01621-00456943-00457118": "which is x", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01622-00457119-00457318": "k minus one", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01623-00457319-00457695": "plus x y square plus z square k at least", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01624-00457696-00457918": "four", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01625-00457919-00458366": "and then we have three exceptional e6", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01626-00458367-00458487": "x cubed", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01627-00458488-00458655": "plus y four", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01628-00458656-00458870": "plus z square", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01629-00458871-00459159": "e7", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01630-00459160-00459295": "x", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01631-00459296-00459631": "cubed plus x y", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01632-00459632-00459903": "cubed plus z square you see the z square", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01633-00459904-00460103": "is kind of dummy always", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01634-00460104-00460263": "and e8", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01635-00460264-00460718": "yes", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01636-00460719-00460887": "e7", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01637-00460888-00461070": "but you don't care about the formula but", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01638-00461071-00461414": "in any case x cubed plus x cubed y", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01639-00461415-00461607": "no y cubed", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01640-00461608-00461839": "plus that square can you read it here", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01641-00461839-00462007": "and e8", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01642-00462008-00462359": "e8 is a x", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01643-00462360-00462622": "3 plus y 5", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01644-00462623-00462927": "plus that square", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01645-00462928-00463143": "so i'm almost finished", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01646-00463143-00463310": "with my time", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01647-00463312-00463422": "so you get", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01648-00463423-00463718": "a finite list and you have two series", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01649-00463719-00463831": "here", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01650-00463832-00464095": "parameterized by integers k positive", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01651-00464096-00464359": "integers a k d k and you have three", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01652-00464360-00464543": "exceptional bonds", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01653-00464543-00464695": "now next week", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01654-00464696-00464927": "i will talk tell you a little bit", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01655-00464928-00465239": "about this list", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01656-00465239-00465327": "but", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01657-00465328-00465518": "for today", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01658-00465519-00465783": "i will just finish", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01659-00465784-00466007": "with a picture", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01660-00466008-00466414": "i will draw some graphs associated", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01661-00466415-00466663": "to this", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01662-00466664-00468255": "to these families", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01663-00468256-00468518": "so you can associate to these", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01664-00468519-00468766": "polynomials what is called linking", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01665-00468767-00469007": "diagrams", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01666-00469008-00469191": "some of you have heard about thinking", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01667-00469192-00469622": "diagrams", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01668-00469623-00469799": "and they are", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01669-00469800-00469918": "a k", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01670-00469919-00470631": "looks like this it's just a bamboo", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01671-00470632-00470895": "with k vertices", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01672-00470896-00471791": "dk has one ramification", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01673-00471792-00471975": "and then we have the three exceptional", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01674-00471976-00472751": "ones e6", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01675-00472752-00473591": "e7", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01676-00473592-00474679": "and e8", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01677-00474680-00474910": "okay these are the link in diagrams i", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01678-00474912-00475039": "will tell you a little bit how you", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01679-00475039-00475343": "construct these from the polynomials", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01680-00475343-00475551": "but these linking diagrams", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01681-00475552-00475718": "they appear", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01682-00475719-00476014": "in the classification of", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01683-00476015-00476295": "of simple real robust", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01684-00476296-00476614": "so these are also", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01685-00476615-00476863": "the thinking diagrams", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01686-00476864-00477399": "of root systems", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01687-00477400-00477483": "of", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01688-00477484-00477766": "simple or finer", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01689-00477767-00477959": "yeah simply algebras but simply in a", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01690-00477960-00478143": "different sense", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01691-00478143-00478439": "the algebras", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01692-00478439-00478710": "so in a completely different context you", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01693-00478712-00478966": "construct all the diagrams", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01694-00478967-00479151": "and you get the same as here", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01695-00479152-00479383": "okay", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01696-00479384-00479566": "so that's", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01697-00479567-00479775": "i think that's very beautiful", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01698-00479776-00479975": "it's not i mean there are many many", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01699-00479976-00480127": "papers about this", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01700-00480128-00480283": "correspondence", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01701-00480284-00480599": "between the algebras lead groups", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01702-00480600-00480903": "and simple singularities", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01703-00480904-00481095": "the 15 characterizations i mentioned", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01704-00481096-00481247": "before", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01705-00481247-00481431": "describe", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01706-00481432-00481622": "15 characterizations", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01707-00481623-00481839": "inside this context not talking about", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01708-00481839-00482047": "the algebras but just", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01709-00482047-00482407": "about holomorphic functions okay", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01710-00482408-00482551": "so", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01711-00482552-00482879": "i think i want to", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01712-00482880-00483118": "to give you a homework it's not an", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01713-00483119-00483318": "exercise but", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01714-00483319-00483775": "i think you cannot resist", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01715-00483776-00484007": "because the answer is again i think", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01716-00484008-00484335": "quite nice", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01717-00484335-00484855": "find all", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01718-00484856-00485303": "connected", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01719-00485304-00485551": "finite", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01720-00485552-00485862": "graphs", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01721-00485863-00486222": "no loops", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01722-00486223-00486822": "no double edges", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01723-00486823-00487283": "with labels", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01724-00487284-00487718": "alpha at vertices", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01725-00487719-00487935": "alpha in r", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01726-00487935-00488255": "such that", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01727-00488256-00488495": "you have to normalize so", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01728-00488496-00488766": "the sum of the alpha should be one", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01729-00488767-00489159": "and the key condition is", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01730-00489160-00489391": "and", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01731-00489392-00489566": "alpha", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01732-00489567-00489839": "equals one half", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01733-00489839-00490279": "the sum of all labels beta", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01734-00490280-00490407": "beta", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01735-00490408-00490591": "different from alpha", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01736-00490592-00490918": "enable", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01737-00490919-00491183": "vertex", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01738-00491184-00491359": "of alpha", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01739-00491360-00491503": "this has to do of course with root", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01740-00491504-00491695": "systems", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01741-00491696-00491943": "you can take integer or rational numbers", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01742-00491943-00492199": "alpha", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01743-00492200-00492414": "and when you try to characterize these", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01744-00492415-00492518": "graphs", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01745-00492519-00492735": "i can tell you already the answer you", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01746-00492735-00492943": "get precisely these here", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01747-00492943-00493222": "okay", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01748-00493223-00493447": "we forget about the labels and you have", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01749-00493447-00493831": "these okay", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01750-00493832-00494047": "i think my time is over", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01751-00494047-00494231": "sorry for the technical complications", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01752-00494232-00494543": "today i hope this will improve but", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01753-00494543-00494791": "we are restricted here a little bit", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01754-00494792-00494895": "so", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01755-00494896-00495070": "i will put", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01756-00495071-00495231": "first i will send you", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01757-00495232-00495527": "the link to the recording second", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01758-00495528-00495751": "the notes of last week are almost", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01759-00495752-00495991": "finished and i will put them online and", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01760-00495992-00496270": "i will also add", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01761-00496271-00496495": "the references the various papers of", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01762-00496496-00496710": "course you will not be able to read all", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01763-00496712-00496839": "of them but maybe you want to have a", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01764-00496839-00497039": "look at one or the other", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01765-00497039-00497335": "and again i want to encourage you to", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01766-00497335-00497543": "send me email or to write me and to tell", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01767-00497543-00497622": "me", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01768-00497623-00497766": "a little bit give me a little bit of", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01769-00497767-00497879": "feedback", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01770-00497880-00498118": "if you find it interesting and what we", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01771-00498119-00498343": "could improve okay", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01772-00498343-00498607": "so thank you for joining today", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01773-00498608-00498766": "and", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01774-00498767-00499102": "see you next week bye", "ou3dlh2KPwu-01775-00499103-00499414": "[Music]"}}, {"audio_id": "ou6gzVbNh2I", "text": {"ou6gzVbNh2I-00000-00000598-00001491": "[Music]", "ou6gzVbNh2I-00001-00001492-00001851": "oh", "ou6gzVbNh2I-00002-00001852-00003315": "[Music]", "ou6gzVbNh2I-00003-00003315-00004079": "[Music]", "ou6gzVbNh2I-00004-00004079-00007914": "[Music]", "ou6gzVbNh2I-00005-00007915-00008483": "[Music]", "ou6gzVbNh2I-00006-00008484-00008809": "so", "ou6gzVbNh2I-00007-00008810-00010715": "[Music]", "ou6gzVbNh2I-00008-00010716-00011189": "[Applause]", "ou6gzVbNh2I-00009-00011190-00011434": "[Music]", "ou6gzVbNh2I-00010-00011435-00011559": "[Applause]", "ou6gzVbNh2I-00011-00011560-00012683": "[Music]", "ou6gzVbNh2I-00012-00012684-00013128": "so", "ou6gzVbNh2I-00013-00013129-00013546": "[Music]", "ou6gzVbNh2I-00014-00013547-00013581": "[Applause]", "ou6gzVbNh2I-00015-00013582-00014083": "[Music]", "ou6gzVbNh2I-00016-00014084-00014263": "oh", "ou6gzVbNh2I-00017-00014263-00014950": "[Music]", "ou6gzVbNh2I-00018-00014951-00014969": "[Applause]", "ou6gzVbNh2I-00019-00014971-00015175": "[Music]", "ou6gzVbNh2I-00020-00015176-00015791": "thank you", "ou6gzVbNh2I-00021-00015791-00017133": "[Music]", "ou6gzVbNh2I-00022-00017134-00018130": "[Music]", "ou6gzVbNh2I-00023-00018131-00019482": "[Applause]", "ou6gzVbNh2I-00024-00019483-00022958": "[Music]", "ou6gzVbNh2I-00025-00022959-00023168": "you"}}, {"audio_id": "oul7JmltjiY", "text": {"oul7JmltjiY-00000-00000053-00000342": "Porto Ricans and people of Puerto Rican", "oul7JmltjiY-00001-00000343-00000595": "descent have participated as members of", "oul7JmltjiY-00002-00000596-00000847": "the United States Armed Forces in every", "oul7JmltjiY-00003-00000848-00001093": "conflict in which the United States has", "oul7JmltjiY-00004-00001094-00001315": "been involved since World War one in", "oul7JmltjiY-00005-00001316-00001684": "World War two more than 65,000 Puerto", "oul7JmltjiY-00006-00001685-00001912": "Ricans service members served in the war", "oul7JmltjiY-00007-00001913-00002127": "effort including the guarding of US", "oul7JmltjiY-00008-00002128-00002383": "military installations in the Caribbean", "oul7JmltjiY-00009-00002384-00002641": "and combat operations in the European", "oul7JmltjiY-00010-00002642-00002892": "and Pacific Theaters Puerto Rico was", "oul7JmltjiY-00011-00002893-00003091": "annexed by the United States in", "oul7JmltjiY-00012-00003092-00003292": "accordance to the terms of the Treaty of", "oul7JmltjiY-00013-00003293-00003654": "Paris of 1898 ratified on December 10th", "oul7JmltjiY-00014-00003655-00003904": "1898 as consequence of the", "oul7JmltjiY-00015-00003904-00004281": "spanish-american war US citizenship was", "oul7JmltjiY-00016-00004282-00004534": "imposed upon Puerto Ricans as a result", "oul7JmltjiY-00017-00004535-00004852": "of the 1917 Jones chef Roth Act the", "oul7JmltjiY-00018-00004853-00005106": "Puerto Rican House of Delegates rejected", "oul7JmltjiY-00019-00005107-00005347": "US citizenship and were expected to", "oul7JmltjiY-00020-00005348-00005650": "serve in the military when an Imperial", "oul7JmltjiY-00021-00005651-00005922": "Japanese Navy carrier fleet launched an", "oul7JmltjiY-00022-00005923-00006159": "unexpected attack on Pearl Harbor on", "oul7JmltjiY-00023-00006160-00006391": "December 7th 1941", "oul7JmltjiY-00024-00006392-00006658": "Porto Ricans were required to bear arms", "oul7JmltjiY-00025-00006659-00006984": "in defense of the United States during", "oul7JmltjiY-00026-00006986-00007225": "World War two it is estimated by the", "oul7JmltjiY-00027-00007226-00007591": "Department of Defense that 65,000 34", "oul7JmltjiY-00028-00007592-00007884": "Puerto Ricans served in the US military", "oul7JmltjiY-00029-00007884-00008173": "most of the soldiers from the islands", "oul7JmltjiY-00030-00008173-00008413": "served in either the 65th Infantry", "oul7JmltjiY-00031-00008414-00008641": "Regiment or the Puerto Rico National", "oul7JmltjiY-00032-00008642-00008953": "Guard as the induction of Puerto Ricans", "oul7JmltjiY-00033-00008954-00009187": "into the Armed Forces increased many", "oul7JmltjiY-00034-00009188-00009394": "were assigned to units in the Panama", "oul7JmltjiY-00035-00009395-00009616": "Canal Zone and the British West Indies", "oul7JmltjiY-00036-00009617-00009841": "to replace the Continental troops", "oul7JmltjiY-00037-00009842-00010183": "serving in Regular Army units those who", "oul7JmltjiY-00038-00010184-00010399": "resided in the mainland of the United", "oul7JmltjiY-00039-00010400-00010645": "States were assigned to regular units of", "oul7JmltjiY-00040-00010646-00010948": "the military they were often subject to", "oul7JmltjiY-00041-00010949-00011152": "the racial discrimination that was", "oul7JmltjiY-00042-00011153-00011380": "widespread in the United States at the", "oul7JmltjiY-00043-00011381-00011631": "time Porto Rican women who served had", "oul7JmltjiY-00044-00011632-00011856": "their options restricted to nursing or", "oul7JmltjiY-00045-00011857-00012163": "administrative positions in World War", "oul7JmltjiY-00046-00012164-00012396": "two some of the islands men played", "oul7JmltjiY-00047-00012397-00012598": "active roles as commanders in the", "oul7JmltjiY-00048-00012599-00012901": "military the military did not keep", "oul7JmltjiY-00049-00012902-00013119": "statistics with regard to the total", "oul7JmltjiY-00050-00013120-00013336": "number of hispanics who served in the", "oul7JmltjiY-00051-00013337-00013435": "regular unit", "oul7JmltjiY-00052-00013436-00013660": "of the Armed Forces only of those who", "oul7JmltjiY-00053-00013661-00013891": "served in Puerto Rican units therefore", "oul7JmltjiY-00054-00013891-00014169": "it is impossible to determine the exact", "oul7JmltjiY-00055-00014171-00014394": "number of Puerto Ricans who served in", "oul7JmltjiY-00056-00014396-00015016": "World War two", "oul7JmltjiY-00057-00015016-00015663": "topic led up to World War two", "oul7JmltjiY-00058-00015663-00015903": "before the United States entered World", "oul7JmltjiY-00059-00015904-00016149": "War two Puerto Ricans were already", "oul7JmltjiY-00060-00016150-00016419": "fighting on European soil in the Spanish", "oul7JmltjiY-00061-00016420-00016746": "Civil War the Spanish Civil War was a", "oul7JmltjiY-00062-00016747-00016992": "major conflict in Spain that started", "oul7JmltjiY-00063-00016993-00017190": "following an attempted coup d'etat", "oul7JmltjiY-00064-00017191-00017412": "committed by parts of the army led by", "oul7JmltjiY-00065-00017413-00017651": "the nationalist General Francisco Franco", "oul7JmltjiY-00066-00017652-00017889": "against the government of the second", "oul7JmltjiY-00067-00017890-00018219": "Spanish Republic Puerto Ricans fought on", "oul7JmltjiY-00068-00018220-00018438": "behalf of both of the factions involved", "oul7JmltjiY-00069-00018439-00018786": "the Nationalists as members of the", "oul7JmltjiY-00070-00018787-00019088": "Spanish army and the loyalists", "oul7JmltjiY-00071-00019089-00019356": "Republicans as members of the Abraham", "oul7JmltjiY-00072-00019357-00019596": "Lincoln International Brigade among the", "oul7JmltjiY-00073-00019597-00019764": "Puerto Ricans who fought alongside", "oul7JmltjiY-00074-00019765-00019994": "General Franco on behalf of the", "oul7JmltjiY-00075-00019995-00020253": "Nationalists was general Manuel gotted", "oul7JmltjiY-00076-00020254-00020676": "Lopez 1882 to 1936 a high-ranking", "oul7JmltjiY-00077-00020677-00021024": "officer in the Spanish army Lopez who", "oul7JmltjiY-00078-00021025-00021285": "was born in San Juan was named chief of", "oul7JmltjiY-00079-00021286-00021480": "staff of the Spanish army of Africa", "oul7JmltjiY-00080-00021481-00021768": "after his victories in the Rif war took", "oul7JmltjiY-00081-00021769-00021993": "the Balearic Islands and by order of", "oul7JmltjiY-00082-00021994-00022203": "Franco suppress the rebellion of", "oul7JmltjiY-00083-00022204-00022530": "Asturias Lopez was sent to lead the", "oul7JmltjiY-00084-00022531-00022710": "fight against the anarchists in", "oul7JmltjiY-00085-00022711-00022899": "Catalonia but his troops were", "oul7JmltjiY-00086-00022900-00023190": "outnumbered he was captured and was", "oul7JmltjiY-00087-00023191-00023465": "sentenced to die by firing squad", "oul7JmltjiY-00088-00023466-00023744": "among the many Puerto Ricans who fought", "oul7JmltjiY-00089-00023745-00023934": "on behalf of the second Spanish Republic", "oul7JmltjiY-00090-00023935-00024150": "as members of the Abraham Lincoln", "oul7JmltjiY-00091-00024151-00024438": "brigade was lieutenant carmelo delgado", "oul7JmltjiY-00092-00024439-00024888": "delgado 1913 - 1937 a leader of the", "oul7JmltjiY-00093-00024889-00025103": "puerto rican nationalist party from", "oul7JmltjiY-00094-00025104-00025164": "Guayama", "oul7JmltjiY-00095-00025165-00025341": "who upon the outbreak of the Spanish", "oul7JmltjiY-00096-00025342-00025640": "Civil War was in Spain in pursuit of his", "oul7JmltjiY-00097-00025641-00025986": "law degree Delgado was an anti-fascist", "oul7JmltjiY-00098-00025987-00026142": "who believed that the Spanish", "oul7JmltjiY-00099-00026143-00026463": "nationalists were traitors he fought in", "oul7JmltjiY-00100-00026464-00026679": "the Battle of Madrid but was captured", "oul7JmltjiY-00101-00026680-00026892": "and was sentenced to die by firing squad", "oul7JmltjiY-00102-00026893-00027330": "on April 29 1937 he was amongst the", "oul7JmltjiY-00103-00027331-00027561": "first u.s. citizens to die in that", "oul7JmltjiY-00104-00027562-00027971": "conflict in 1937 Japan invaded China and", "oul7JmltjiY-00105-00027972-00028311": "in September 1939 Germany invaded Poland", "oul7JmltjiY-00106-00028312-00028929": "in October 1940 the 290 fifth and 296th", "oul7JmltjiY-00107-00028930-00029044": "infantry", "oul7JmltjiY-00108-00029045-00029239": "of the Puerto Rican National Guard", "oul7JmltjiY-00109-00029239-00029569": "founded by Major General Luis Aris Davis", "oul7JmltjiY-00110-00029570-00029808": "were called into federal active service", "oul7JmltjiY-00111-00029810-00029983": "and assigned to the Puerto Rican", "oul7JmltjiY-00112-00029983-00030169": "Department in accordance with the", "oul7JmltjiY-00113-00030170-00030483": "existing war plan Orange during that", "oul7JmltjiY-00114-00030485-00030607": "period of time", "oul7JmltjiY-00115-00030608-00030874": "Puerto Rico's economy was suffering from", "oul7JmltjiY-00116-00030875-00031063": "the consequences of the Great Depression", "oul7JmltjiY-00117-00031064-00031281": "and unemployment was widespread", "oul7JmltjiY-00118-00031282-00031594": "unemployment was one of the reasons that", "oul7JmltjiY-00119-00031595-00031831": "some Puerto Ricans chose to join the", "oul7JmltjiY-00120-00031832-00032058": "Armed Forces most of these men were", "oul7JmltjiY-00121-00032060-00032335": "trained in camp las casas in Santurce", "oul7JmltjiY-00122-00032336-00032566": "Puerto Rico and were assigned to the", "oul7JmltjiY-00123-00032567-00032857": "65th Infantry Regiment a segregated unit", "oul7JmltjiY-00124-00032858-00033133": "made up mostly of white Puerto Ricans", "oul7JmltjiY-00125-00033134-00033415": "the rumors of war spread and the", "oul7JmltjiY-00126-00033416-00033625": "involvement of the United States was", "oul7JmltjiY-00127-00033626-00033922": "believed to be a question of time the", "oul7JmltjiY-00128-00033923-00034204": "65th Infantry was ordered to intensify", "oul7JmltjiY-00129-00034205-00034447": "its maneuvers many of which were carried", "oul7JmltjiY-00130-00034448-00034675": "out at Punta Salinas near the town of", "oul7JmltjiY-00131-00034676-00035011": "Salinas in Puerto Rico those who were", "oul7JmltjiY-00132-00035012-00035377": "assigned to the 290 5th and 296th", "oul7JmltjiY-00133-00035378-00035599": "regiments of the Puerto Rican National", "oul7JmltjiY-00134-00035600-00035800": "Guard received their training at Camp", "oul7JmltjiY-00135-00035801-00036572": "Tortuguero near the town of Vega Baja", "oul7JmltjiY-00136-00036573-00037145": "topic World War two", "oul7JmltjiY-00137-00037146-00037355": "there weren't any Puerto Rican", "oul7JmltjiY-00138-00037356-00037601": "military-related fatalities when the", "oul7JmltjiY-00139-00037602-00037850": "Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service", "oul7JmltjiY-00140-00037851-00038177": "attacked Pearl Harbor however there was", "oul7JmltjiY-00141-00038178-00038438": "one civilian Puerto Rican fatality", "oul7JmltjiY-00142-00038439-00038648": "Daniel Laverne was a Puerto Rican", "oul7JmltjiY-00143-00038649-00038912": "amateur boxer who was working at pearl", "oul7JmltjiY-00144-00038913-00039170": "harbors Red Hill underground fuel tank", "oul7JmltjiY-00145-00039171-00039413": "construction project when the Japanese", "oul7JmltjiY-00146-00039414-00039704": "attacked Pearl Harbor he died as a", "oul7JmltjiY-00147-00039705-00039935": "result of the injuries which he received", "oul7JmltjiY-00148-00039936-00040220": "during the attack his name is listed", "oul7JmltjiY-00149-00040221-00040628": "among the 2,000 338 Americans killed or", "oul7JmltjiY-00150-00040629-00040994": "mortally wounded on December 7th 1941 in", "oul7JmltjiY-00151-00040995-00041216": "the remembrance exhibit in the back lawn", "oul7JmltjiY-00152-00041217-00041501": "of the USS Arizona Memorial visitor", "oul7JmltjiY-00153-00041502-00041702": "center at Pearl Harbor after the", "oul7JmltjiY-00154-00041703-00041939": "Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor and the", "oul7JmltjiY-00155-00041940-00042164": "entry of the u.s. into the war the", "oul7JmltjiY-00156-00042165-00042386": "Puerto Ricans living on the island and", "oul7JmltjiY-00157-00042387-00042611": "on the US mainland began to fill the", "oul7JmltjiY-00158-00042612-00042851": "ranks of the four major branches of the", "oul7JmltjiY-00159-00042852-00043157": "Armed Forces some volunteered for", "oul7JmltjiY-00160-00043158-00043412": "patriotic reasons some joined in need of", "oul7JmltjiY-00161-00043413-00043739": "employment and others were drafted some", "oul7JmltjiY-00162-00043740-00043994": "families had multiple members join the", "oul7JmltjiY-00163-00043995-00044261": "Armed Forces seven brothers of the", "oul7JmltjiY-00164-00044262-00044504": "Medina family known as the fighting", "oul7JmltjiY-00165-00044505-00044813": "Medina's fought in the war they came", "oul7JmltjiY-00166-00044814-00045110": "from Rio Grande Puerto Rico and Brooklyn", "oul7JmltjiY-00167-00045111-00045479": "New York in some cases Porto Ricans were", "oul7JmltjiY-00168-00045480-00045704": "subject to the racial discrimination", "oul7JmltjiY-00169-00045705-00045935": "which at that time was widespread in the", "oul7JmltjiY-00170-00045936-00046322": "United States in 1943 there were", "oul7JmltjiY-00171-00046323-00046655": "approximately 17,000 Puerto Ricans under", "oul7JmltjiY-00172-00046656-00046919": "arms including the 65th Infantry", "oul7JmltjiY-00173-00046920-00047141": "Regiment and the Puerto Rico National", "oul7JmltjiY-00174-00047142-00047426": "Guard the Puerto Rican units were", "oul7JmltjiY-00175-00047427-00047672": "stationed either in Puerto Rico or in", "oul7JmltjiY-00176-00047673-00047959": "the Virgin Islands on December 8 1941", "oul7JmltjiY-00177-00047960-00048284": "when Japanese planes attacked the US", "oul7JmltjiY-00178-00048285-00048479": "military installations in the", "oul7JmltjiY-00179-00048480-00048815": "Philippines call Virgilio and Cordero", "oul7JmltjiY-00180-00048816-00049088": "was the battalion commander of the 31st", "oul7JmltjiY-00181-00049089-00049421": "infantry regiment the 31st infantry", "oul7JmltjiY-00182-00049422-00049676": "covered the withdrawal of American and", "oul7JmltjiY-00183-00049677-00049865": "Philippine forces to the Bataan", "oul7JmltjiY-00184-00049866-00050084": "Peninsula and fought for 4 months", "oul7JmltjiY-00185-00050085-00050321": "despite the fact that no help could come", "oul7JmltjiY-00186-00050322-00050480": "in from the outside after", "oul7JmltjiY-00187-00050481-00050693": "much of the United States Pacific Fleet", "oul7JmltjiY-00188-00050694-00050924": "was destroyed at Pearl Harbor and", "oul7JmltjiY-00189-00050925-00051161": "mid-ocean bases at Guam and Wake Island", "oul7JmltjiY-00190-00051162-00051563": "were lost Cordero was named regimental", "oul7JmltjiY-00191-00051564-00051800": "commander of the 52nd Infantry Regiment", "oul7JmltjiY-00192-00051801-00052100": "of the new Filipino army thus becoming", "oul7JmltjiY-00193-00052101-00052315": "the first Puerto Rican to command a", "oul7JmltjiY-00194-00052316-00052619": "Filipino army regiment the Bataan", "oul7JmltjiY-00195-00052620-00052882": "Defense Force surrendered on April 9", "oul7JmltjiY-00196-00052883-00053222": "1942 and Cordero and his men underwent", "oul7JmltjiY-00197-00053223-00053441": "torture and humiliation during the", "oul7JmltjiY-00198-00053441-00053645": "Bataan Death March and nearly four years", "oul7JmltjiY-00199-00053646-00054070": "of captivity Cordero was one of nearly", "oul7JmltjiY-00200-00054071-00054401": "1,600 members of the 31st infantry who", "oul7JmltjiY-00201-00054402-00054691": "were taken as prisoners half of these", "oul7JmltjiY-00202-00054692-00054914": "men perished while prisoners of the", "oul7JmltjiY-00203-00054915-00055199": "Japanese forces Cordero gained his", "oul7JmltjiY-00204-00055200-00055439": "freedom when the Allied troops defeated", "oul7JmltjiY-00205-00055440-00055801": "the Japanese in 1945 Frances possessions", "oul7JmltjiY-00206-00055802-00055979": "in the Caribbean began to protest", "oul7JmltjiY-00207-00055979-00056254": "against the Vichy government in France a", "oul7JmltjiY-00208-00056255-00056455": "government backed by the Germans who", "oul7JmltjiY-00209-00056457-00056753": "invaded France the island of Martinique", "oul7JmltjiY-00210-00056754-00057053": "was on the verge of Civil War the United", "oul7JmltjiY-00211-00057054-00057323": "States organized a joint army Marine", "oul7JmltjiY-00212-00057324-00057655": "Corps task force which included the 290", "oul7JmltjiY-00213-00057657-00057916": "5th Infantry - one battalion and the", "oul7JmltjiY-00214-00057917-00058238": "78th Engineer Battalion both from Puerto", "oul7JmltjiY-00215-00058239-00058465": "Rico for the occupation of Martinique", "oul7JmltjiY-00216-00058466-00058792": "the use of these infantry units was put", "oul7JmltjiY-00217-00058794-00058988": "on hold because Martinique's local", "oul7JmltjiY-00218-00058989-00059228": "government decided to turn over control", "oul7JmltjiY-00219-00059229-00059429": "of the colonies to the French Committee", "oul7JmltjiY-00220-00059429-00059750": "of national liberation a small", "oul7JmltjiY-00221-00059751-00060002": "detachment of insular troops from Puerto", "oul7JmltjiY-00222-00060003-00060266": "Rico was sent to Cuba in late March as a", "oul7JmltjiY-00223-00060266-00060766": "guard for Batista Field in 1943 the 65th", "oul7JmltjiY-00224-00060767-00061022": "Infantry was sent to Panama to protect", "oul7JmltjiY-00225-00061023-00061238": "the Pacific and the Atlantic sides of", "oul7JmltjiY-00226-00061239-00061526": "the Isthmus an increase in the Puerto", "oul7JmltjiY-00227-00061527-00061763": "Rican induction program was immediately", "oul7JmltjiY-00228-00061764-00062027": "authorized and continental troops such", "oul7JmltjiY-00229-00062028-00062588": "as the 760 second 766 and the 890 first", "oul7JmltjiY-00230-00062589-00062854": "anti-aircraft artillery gun battalions", "oul7JmltjiY-00231-00062855-00063148": "were replaced by Puerto Ricans in Panama", "oul7JmltjiY-00232-00063149-00063482": "they also replaced troops in bases on", "oul7JmltjiY-00233-00063483-00063698": "British West Indies as well to the", "oul7JmltjiY-00234-00063699-00063826": "extent permitted by", "oul7JmltjiY-00235-00063827-00064054": "availability of trained Puerto Rican", "oul7JmltjiY-00236-00064055-00064398": "units the 290 fifth Infantry Regiment", "oul7JmltjiY-00237-00064399-00064796": "followed the 65th infantry in 1944", "oul7JmltjiY-00238-00064797-00065098": "departing from San Juan Puerto Rico to", "oul7JmltjiY-00239-00065099-00065425": "the Panama Canal Zone among those who", "oul7JmltjiY-00240-00065426-00065707": "served with the 290 fifth Regiment in", "oul7JmltjiY-00241-00065708-00065972": "the Panama Canal Zone was a young second", "oul7JmltjiY-00242-00065973-00066161": "lieutenant by the name of Carlos", "oul7JmltjiY-00243-00066162-00066394": "Betances Ramirez who would later become", "oul7JmltjiY-00244-00066395-00066631": "the only Puerto Rican to command a", "oul7JmltjiY-00245-00066632-00066961": "battalion in the Korean War on November", "oul7JmltjiY-00246-00066962-00067346": "25th 1943 Colonel and Tulio Sagara", "oul7JmltjiY-00247-00067347-00067697": "proceeded call John Arman clan Hall as", "oul7JmltjiY-00248-00067698-00067961": "commander of the 65th Infantry thus", "oul7JmltjiY-00249-00067962-00068204": "becoming the first Puerto Rican Regular", "oul7JmltjiY-00250-00068205-00068465": "Army officer to command a regular army", "oul7JmltjiY-00251-00068466-00068929": "regiment in January 1944 the 65th", "oul7JmltjiY-00252-00068930-00069161": "Infantry embarked for Jackson barracks", "oul7JmltjiY-00253-00069162-00069406": "in New Orleans and later to Fort Eustis", "oul7JmltjiY-00254-00069407-00069673": "in Newport News Virginia in preparation", "oul7JmltjiY-00255-00069674-00069940": "for overseas deployment to North Africa", "oul7JmltjiY-00256-00069941-00070241": "for some Puerto Ricans this would be the", "oul7JmltjiY-00257-00070242-00070399": "first time that they were away from", "oul7JmltjiY-00258-00070400-00070693": "their homeland being away from their", "oul7JmltjiY-00259-00070694-00070916": "homeland for the first time would serve", "oul7JmltjiY-00260-00070917-00071143": "as an inspiration for the compositions", "oul7JmltjiY-00261-00071144-00071437": "of two Puerto Ricans boleros and me", "oul7JmltjiY-00262-00071438-00071846": "Viejo San Juan in my old San Juan by", "oul7JmltjiY-00263-00071847-00072250": "Noel Estrada and despedida my goodbyes a", "oul7JmltjiY-00264-00072251-00072524": "farewell song written by Pedro Flores", "oul7JmltjiY-00265-00072525-00072923": "and interpreted by Daniel Santos once in", "oul7JmltjiY-00266-00072924-00073144": "North Africa the regiment underwent", "oul7JmltjiY-00267-00073145-00073492": "further training at Casablanca by April", "oul7JmltjiY-00268-00073493-00073912": "29 1944 the regiment had landed in Italy", "oul7JmltjiY-00269-00073913-00074234": "and moved on to Corsica on September", "oul7JmltjiY-00270-00074235-00074672": "22nd 1944 the 65th Infantry landed in", "oul7JmltjiY-00271-00074673-00074885": "France and was committed to action on", "oul7JmltjiY-00272-00074886-00075144": "the maritime Alps at pura cava on", "oul7JmltjiY-00273-00075145-00075611": "December 13th 1944 the 65th Infantry", "oul7JmltjiY-00274-00075612-00075803": "under the command of Lieutenant Colonel", "oul7JmltjiY-00275-00075804-00076073": "Juan's azar Cordero de Villa relieved", "oul7JmltjiY-00276-00076074-00076385": "the second battalion of the 442nd", "oul7JmltjiY-00277-00076386-00076634": "Infantry Regiment a regiment which was", "oul7JmltjiY-00278-00076635-00076879": "made up of japanese-americans under the", "oul7JmltjiY-00279-00076880-00077213": "command of call Virgil R Miller an A", "oul7JmltjiY-00280-00077214-00077489": "of Puerto Rico the third battalion", "oul7JmltjiY-00281-00077490-00077714": "fought against and defeated Germany's", "oul7JmltjiY-00282-00077715-00078053": "34th Infantry Division's 107th infantry", "oul7JmltjiY-00283-00078054-00078479": "regiment there were 47 battle casualties", "oul7JmltjiY-00284-00078480-00078788": "including private Sergio Sanchez Sanchez", "oul7JmltjiY-00285-00078789-00079019": "and Sergeant angel Martinez from the", "oul7JmltjiY-00286-00079020-00079247": "town of Savannah Grande who became the", "oul7JmltjiY-00287-00079248-00079496": "first to Puerto Ricans to be killed in", "oul7JmltjiY-00288-00079497-00079805": "combat action from the 65th Infantry as", "oul7JmltjiY-00289-00079806-00080048": "a result of a German assault on Company", "oul7JmltjiY-00290-00080049-00080579": "L on March 18 1945 the regiment was sent", "oul7JmltjiY-00291-00080580-00080780": "to the district of Mannheim and assigned", "oul7JmltjiY-00292-00080781-00081236": "to military occupation duties 23 23", "oul7JmltjiY-00293-00081237-00081485": "soldiers of the regiment were killed in", "oul7JmltjiY-00294-00081486-00081986": "action On January 12th 1944 the 290 6th", "oul7JmltjiY-00295-00081987-00082220": "Infantry Regiment departed from Puerto", "oul7JmltjiY-00296-00082221-00082603": "Rico to the Panama Canal Zone in April", "oul7JmltjiY-00297-00082604-00082931": "1945 the unit returned to Puerto Rico", "oul7JmltjiY-00298-00082932-00083162": "and soon after was sent to Honolulu", "oul7JmltjiY-00299-00083163-00083240": "Hawaii", "oul7JmltjiY-00300-00083241-00083810": "the 296th arrived on June 25th 1945 and", "oul7JmltjiY-00301-00083811-00084041": "was attached to the Central Pacific base", "oul7JmltjiY-00302-00084042-00084392": "command at Kahuku Air Base lieutenant", "oul7JmltjiY-00303-00084393-00084683": "colonel Gilberto Jose marxuach the", "oul7JmltjiY-00304-00084684-00084949": "father of the San Juans civil defense", "oul7JmltjiY-00305-00084950-00085346": "was the commander of the 1100 14th", "oul7JmltjiY-00306-00085347-00085736": "artillery and the 1558 engineers", "oul7JmltjiY-00307-00085737-00086087": "companies Porto Ricans who were fluent", "oul7JmltjiY-00308-00086088-00086306": "in English or who resided on the", "oul7JmltjiY-00309-00086307-00086543": "mainland were assigned to regular army", "oul7JmltjiY-00310-00086544-00087008": "units such was the case of Sgt 1st class", "oul7JmltjiY-00311-00087009-00087292": "Luis Ramirez who was assigned to the", "oul7JmltjiY-00312-00087293-00087590": "102nd cavalry reconnaissance squadron", "oul7JmltjiY-00313-00087591-00087845": "mechanized which landed at Normandy on", "oul7JmltjiY-00314-00087846-00088133": "d-day Battle of Normandy June 6th and", "oul7JmltjiY-00315-00088134-00088373": "advanced into France during the Battle", "oul7JmltjiY-00316-00088374-00088565": "of Saint Malo where they were met by", "oul7JmltjiY-00317-00088566-00088991": "enemy tanks bombs and soldiers PFC", "oul7JmltjiY-00318-00088992-00089234": "Fernando pagan was also a Puerto Rican", "oul7JmltjiY-00319-00089235-00089486": "who resided on the mainland he was", "oul7JmltjiY-00320-00089487-00089873": "assigned to unit Company A 293 combat", "oul7JmltjiY-00321-00089874-00090110": "engineering battalion which arrived in", "oul7JmltjiY-00322-00090111-00090461": "Normandy on June 10th others like Frank", "oul7JmltjiY-00323-00090462-00090592": "Bonilla were as", "oul7JmltjiY-00324-00090593-00090949": "- the 290th Infantry Regiment 75th", "oul7JmltjiY-00325-00090950-00091189": "Infantry Division which later fought in", "oul7JmltjiY-00326-00091190-00091369": "the front lines at the Battle of the", "oul7JmltjiY-00327-00091370-00091681": "Bulge Bonilla was the recipient of the", "oul7JmltjiY-00328-00091682-00091932": "Silver Star and Purple Heart medals for", "oul7JmltjiY-00329-00091933-00092281": "his actions in combat one Puerto Rican", "oul7JmltjiY-00330-00092282-00092494": "who earned a Bronze Star in the Battle", "oul7JmltjiY-00331-00092495-00092806": "of the Bulge was PFC Joseph A&N way", "oul7JmltjiY-00332-00092807-00093019": "whose father was the founder of Goya", "oul7JmltjiY-00333-00093020-00093364": "foods an an way had trained for armored", "oul7JmltjiY-00334-00093365-00093574": "infantry and went to the European", "oul7JmltjiY-00335-00093575-00093880": "theater as a gunner in a Company 63rd", "oul7JmltjiY-00336-00093881-00094162": "armored infantry battalion 11th armored", "oul7JmltjiY-00337-00094163-00094513": "division his company landed in France in", "oul7JmltjiY-00338-00094514-00094837": "December 1944 just before the Battle of", "oul7JmltjiY-00339-00094838-00095221": "the Bulge PFC Santos de lys was assigned", "oul7JmltjiY-00340-00095222-00095581": "to battery D 216 triple-a a gun", "oul7JmltjiY-00341-00095582-00095950": "battalion and sent to Africa in 1943 to", "oul7JmltjiY-00342-00095951-00096282": "join the Third Army according to Dilys", "oul7JmltjiY-00343-00096283-00096507": "General Patton demanded the best from", "oul7JmltjiY-00344-00096508-00096730": "all under him including cooks and", "oul7JmltjiY-00345-00096731-00096846": "kitchen hands", "oul7JmltjiY-00346-00096847-00097144": "Dilys who earned a Bronze Star medal", "oul7JmltjiY-00347-00097145-00097393": "once recounted an experience which he", "oul7JmltjiY-00348-00097394-00097707": "had with General Patton it was during", "oul7JmltjiY-00349-00097708-00098092": "this conflict that cwo2 Joseph B Aviles", "oul7JmltjiY-00350-00098093-00098290": "senior a member of the United States", "oul7JmltjiY-00351-00098291-00098521": "Coast Guard and the first Hispanic", "oul7JmltjiY-00352-00098522-00098757": "American to be promoted to chief petty", "oul7JmltjiY-00353-00098758-00099055": "officer received a wartime promotion to", "oul7JmltjiY-00354-00099056-00099475": "Chief Warrant Officer November 27 1944", "oul7JmltjiY-00355-00099476-00099669": "thus becoming the first Hispanic", "oul7JmltjiY-00356-00099670-00099925": "American to reach that level as well", "oul7JmltjiY-00357-00099926-00100234": "a villus who served in the United States", "oul7JmltjiY-00358-00100235-00100486": "Navy as chief Gunner's Mate in World War", "oul7JmltjiY-00359-00100487-00100747": "one spent most of the war at st.", "oul7JmltjiY-00360-00100748-00101489": "Augustine Florida training recruits", "oul7JmltjiY-00361-00101490-00101977": "topic Homefront", "oul7JmltjiY-00362-00101978-00102328": "in 1939 a survey was conducted of", "oul7JmltjiY-00363-00102329-00102616": "possible air based sites it was", "oul7JmltjiY-00364-00102617-00102850": "determined that Punta Borinquen was the", "oul7JmltjiY-00365-00102851-00103194": "best site for a major airbase later that", "oul7JmltjiY-00366-00103195-00103474": "year major Karl isaq stater assumed", "oul7JmltjiY-00367-00103475-00103750": "command of what was to become Borinquen", "oul7JmltjiY-00368-00103751-00104101": "Army Airfield the first squadron based", "oul7JmltjiY-00369-00104102-00104365": "at Borinquen field was the 27th", "oul7JmltjiY-00370-00104366-00104617": "bombardment squadron consisting of nine", "oul7JmltjiY-00371-00104618-00105127": "b18 a bolo medium bombers in 1940 the", "oul7JmltjiY-00372-00105128-00105397": "aerosol on of the 25th bombardment group", "oul7JmltjiY-00373-00105398-00105853": "14 b18 a aircraft and two a 17 aircraft", "oul7JmltjiY-00374-00105854-00106066": "arrived at the base from langley field", "oul7JmltjiY-00375-00106067-00106311": "during world war ii the following", "oul7JmltjiY-00376-00106313-00106620": "squadrons were assigned to the airfield", "oul7JmltjiY-00377-00106621-00106927": "headquarters xiii composite wing the", "oul7JmltjiY-00378-00106928-00107224": "first of november 1942 the 6th of", "oul7JmltjiY-00379-00107225-00107632": "January 1941 the 1st of May to the 25th", "oul7JmltjiY-00380-00107633-00108111": "of October 1941 headquarters 25th", "oul7JmltjiY-00381-00108113-00108354": "bombardment group the 1st of November", "oul7JmltjiY-00382-00108355-00108796": "1942 the 1st of november 1942 the 5th of", "oul7JmltjiY-00383-00108797-00109436": "october 1943 to the 24th of march 1944", "oul7JmltjiY-00384-00109438-00109780": "417 'the bombardment squadron the 21st", "oul7JmltjiY-00385-00109781-00110142": "of november 1939 to the 13th of april", "oul7JmltjiY-00386-00110143-00110638": "1942 b18 bolo 10th bombardment squadron", "oul7JmltjiY-00387-00110639-00111007": "the 1st of november 1942 the 1st of", "oul7JmltjiY-00388-00111008-00111550": "november 1942 b18 bolo 12th bombardment", "oul7JmltjiY-00389-00111551-00111883": "squadron the 1st of november 1942 the", "oul7JmltjiY-00390-00111883-00112426": "8th of november 1941 b18 bolo 35th", "oul7JmltjiY-00391-00112427-00112744": "bombardment squadron the 31st of october", "oul7JmltjiY-00392-00112745-00113158": "to the 11th of november 1941 b18 bolo", "oul7JmltjiY-00393-00113158-00113455": "44th bombardment squadron 40th", "oul7JmltjiY-00394-00113456-00113770": "bombardment group the 1st of april 1941", "oul7JmltjiY-00395-00113771-00114397": "to the 16th of june 1942 b18 bolo 20th", "oul7JmltjiY-00396-00114398-00114670": "troop carrier squadron Panama Air Depot", "oul7JmltjiY-00397-00114671-00115352": "June 1942 to July 1943 c-47 skytrain", "oul7JmltjiY-00398-00115353-00115631": "fourth tactical reconnaissance squadron", "oul7JmltjiY-00399-00115632-00115991": "72 D reconnaissance group the 27th of", "oul7JmltjiY-00400-00115992-00116509": "October 1943 to the 21st of May 1945 the", "oul7JmltjiY-00401-00116510-00116855": "5th of October 1945 to the 20th of", "oul7JmltjiY-00402-00116856-00117350": "August 1946 Antilles air command the 1st", "oul7JmltjiY-00403-00117351-00117728": "of March to the 25th of August 1946 as", "oul7JmltjiY-00404-00117729-00117961": "Antilles air division the 12th of", "oul7JmltjiY-00405-00117963-00118391": "January 1948 to the 22nd of January one", "oul7JmltjiY-00406-00118392-00118568": "hundred ninety four thousand nine", "oul7JmltjiY-00407-00118569-00118850": "hundred twenty-fourth composite wing the", "oul7JmltjiY-00408-00118851-00119266": "25th of August 1946 to the 28th of June", "oul7JmltjiY-00409-00119267-00119654": "1948 in 1940 President Franklin Delano", "oul7JmltjiY-00410-00119655-00119894": "Roosevelt ordered the construction of a", "oul7JmltjiY-00411-00119895-00120125": "naval base in the Atlantic similar to", "oul7JmltjiY-00412-00120126-00120433": "Pearl Harbor in Hawaii the site was", "oul7JmltjiY-00413-00120434-00120641": "meant to provide Anchorage docking", "oul7JmltjiY-00414-00120642-00120947": "repair facilities fuel and supplies for", "oul7JmltjiY-00415-00120948-00121298": "60% of the Atlantic Fleet the Naval Base", "oul7JmltjiY-00416-00121299-00121550": "which was named US Naval Station", "oul7JmltjiY-00417-00121551-00121823": "Roosevelt roads became the largest naval", "oul7JmltjiY-00418-00121824-00122063": "installation in the world in landmass", "oul7JmltjiY-00419-00122064-00122276": "and was meant to be the Pearl Harbor of", "oul7JmltjiY-00420-00122277-00122489": "the Atlantic however with the defeat of", "oul7JmltjiY-00421-00122490-00122765": "Germany the United States concentrated", "oul7JmltjiY-00422-00122766-00122954": "all of their efforts to the war in the", "oul7JmltjiY-00423-00122955-00123416": "Pacific in May 2003 after six decades of", "oul7JmltjiY-00424-00123417-00123661": "existence the base was officially shut", "oul7JmltjiY-00425-00123663-00124318": "down by the US Navy", "oul7JmltjiY-00426-00124319-00124951": "topic highly-decorated combatants", "oul7JmltjiY-00427-00124952-00125184": "three Puerto Ricans were awarded", "oul7JmltjiY-00428-00125185-00125416": "Distinguished Service Cross the", "oul7JmltjiY-00429-00125417-00125716": "Distinguished Service Cross DSC is the", "oul7JmltjiY-00430-00125717-00125958": "second highest military decoration of", "oul7JmltjiY-00431-00125959-00126190": "the United States Army awarded for", "oul7JmltjiY-00432-00126191-00126433": "extreme gallantry and risk of life in", "oul7JmltjiY-00433-00126433-00126696": "actual combat with an armed enemy force", "oul7JmltjiY-00434-00126697-00127033": "the first Puerto Rican recipient of said", "oul7JmltjiY-00435-00127033-00127461": "award was PFC Joseph R Martinez he was", "oul7JmltjiY-00436-00127463-00127840": "followed by PFC Lewis F Castro and", "oul7JmltjiY-00437-00127841-00128296": "private Anibal Irizarry PFC Joseph Jose", "oul7JmltjiY-00438-00128297-00128596": "R Martinez born in San German Puerto", "oul7JmltjiY-00439-00128597-00128848": "Rico destroyed a German infantry unit", "oul7JmltjiY-00440-00128849-00129082": "and tank in Tunis by providing heavy", "oul7JmltjiY-00441-00129083-00129360": "artillery fire saving his platoon from", "oul7JmltjiY-00442-00129361-00129633": "being attacked in the process he", "oul7JmltjiY-00443-00129634-00129847": "received the Distinguished Service Cross", "oul7JmltjiY-00444-00129848-00130081": "from General George s Patton thus", "oul7JmltjiY-00445-00130082-00130241": "becoming the first Puerto Rican", "oul7JmltjiY-00446-00130242-00130529": "recipient of said military decoration", "oul7JmltjiY-00447-00130530-00130909": "his citation reads as follow", "oul7JmltjiY-00448-00130910-00131246": "private first class Lewis F Castro born", "oul7JmltjiY-00449-00131247-00131513": "in Ouro Kovas Puerto Rico was assigned", "oul7JmltjiY-00450-00131514-00131852": "to 47th Infantry Regiment 9th Infantry", "oul7JmltjiY-00451-00131853-00132254": "Division PFC Castro's platoon was about", "oul7JmltjiY-00452-00132255-00132503": "to be overrun by enemy German forces", "oul7JmltjiY-00453-00132504-00132722": "when he decided to stay in the rear", "oul7JmltjiY-00454-00132723-00132962": "flank and cover his men's retreat by", "oul7JmltjiY-00455-00132963-00133235": "providing firepower killing 15 of the", "oul7JmltjiY-00456-00133236-00133385": "enemy in the process", "oul7JmltjiY-00457-00133386-00133637": "private Anibal Irizarry born in Puerto", "oul7JmltjiY-00458-00133638-00134069": "Rico was assigned to Co el 18th Infantry", "oul7JmltjiY-00459-00134070-00134381": "Regiment 1st Infantry Regiment private", "oul7JmltjiY-00460-00134382-00134642": "Irizarry single-handedly destroyed two", "oul7JmltjiY-00461-00134643-00134888": "enemy machine-gun nests and captured", "oul7JmltjiY-00462-00134889-00135143": "eight enemy soldiers Agustin Ramos", "oul7JmltjiY-00463-00135144-00135410": "Calero was one of many Puerto Ricans who", "oul7JmltjiY-00464-00135411-00135658": "distinguished themselves in combat", "oul7JmltjiY-00465-00135659-00135944": "Calero's Company was in the vicinity of", "oul7JmltjiY-00466-00135945-00136193": "colmar France and engaged in combat", "oul7JmltjiY-00467-00136194-00136460": "against a squad of German soldiers in", "oul7JmltjiY-00468-00136461-00136664": "what is known as the Battle of Colmar", "oul7JmltjiY-00469-00136665-00137018": "pocket Calero attacked the squad killing", "oul7JmltjiY-00470-00137019-00137291": "10 of them and capturing 21 shortly", "oul7JmltjiY-00471-00137292-00137597": "before being wounded himself following", "oul7JmltjiY-00472-00137598-00137885": "these events he was nicknamed one-man", "oul7JmltjiY-00473-00137886-00138275": "army by his comrades a Silver Star was", "oul7JmltjiY-00474-00138276-00138488": "among the 22 decorations and medals", "oul7JmltjiY-00475-00138489-00138764": "which he was awarded from the US Army", "oul7JmltjiY-00476-00138765-00138995": "for his actions during World War two", "oul7JmltjiY-00477-00138996-00139174": "thus becoming the most decorated", "oul7JmltjiY-00478-00139175-00139451": "Hispanic soldier in all of the United", "oul7JmltjiY-00479-00139452-00140084": "States during that war", "oul7JmltjiY-00480-00140085-00140781": "topic United States Army Air Forces", "oul7JmltjiY-00481-00140782-00141077": "Porto Ricans also served in the United", "oul7JmltjiY-00482-00141078-00141495": "States Army Air Forces in 1944 Porto", "oul7JmltjiY-00483-00141496-00141749": "Rican aviators were sent to the Tuskegee", "oul7JmltjiY-00484-00141750-00142044": "Army Airfield in Tuskegee Alabama to", "oul7JmltjiY-00485-00142045-00142322": "Train the famed 99th Fighter Squadron of", "oul7JmltjiY-00486-00142323-00142436": "the Tuskegee Airmen", "oul7JmltjiY-00487-00142437-00142709": "the Tuskegee Airmen were the first", "oul7JmltjiY-00488-00142710-00142968": "African American military aviators in", "oul7JmltjiY-00489-00142969-00143321": "the United States Armed Forces Porto", "oul7JmltjiY-00490-00143322-00143556": "Ricans were also involved in clerical", "oul7JmltjiY-00491-00143557-00143885": "positions with the Tuskegee Unit among", "oul7JmltjiY-00492-00143886-00144096": "the Puerto Ricans who helped make the", "oul7JmltjiY-00493-00144097-00144335": "Tuskegee Experiment a successful one", "oul7JmltjiY-00494-00144336-00144869": "were TSgt Pablo Diaz Albert an NCO", "oul7JmltjiY-00495-00144870-00145139": "noncommissioned officer in charge of the", "oul7JmltjiY-00496-00145140-00145379": "Special Service office and Eugene called", "oul7JmltjiY-00497-00145380-00145670": "her own who was assigned to the red-tail", "oul7JmltjiY-00498-00145671-00146027": "unit as the company clerk by the end of", "oul7JmltjiY-00499-00146028-00146210": "the war the Tuskegee Airmen were", "oul7JmltjiY-00500-00146211-00146489": "credited with 112 Luftwaffe aircraft", "oul7JmltjiY-00501-00146490-00146816": "shot down a patrol boat run aground by", "oul7JmltjiY-00502-00146817-00147038": "machine-gun fire and destruction of", "oul7JmltjiY-00503-00147039-00147272": "numerous fuel dumps trucks and trains", "oul7JmltjiY-00504-00147273-00147548": "Porto Ricans distinguished themselves in", "oul7JmltjiY-00505-00147549-00147866": "aerial combat as well this was the case", "oul7JmltjiY-00506-00147867-00148187": "of then captains Mihiel Mike killer", "oul7JmltjiY-00507-00148188-00148454": "meanie and Alberto a Neto lieutenants", "oul7JmltjiY-00508-00148455-00148751": "Jose Antonio muñiz and Cesare Luis", "oul7JmltjiY-00509-00148752-00149344": "Gonzalez and airman T sgt clement resto", "oul7JmltjiY-00510-00149345-00149701": "captain Mihiel mike gilliam amy served", "oul7JmltjiY-00511-00149702-00149938": "in the Royal Air Force and in the Army", "oul7JmltjiY-00512-00149939-00150283": "Air Force during World War two he was a", "oul7JmltjiY-00513-00150284-00150505": "flight commander whose last combat", "oul7JmltjiY-00514-00150506-00150718": "mission was attacking the airfield at", "oul7JmltjiY-00515-00150719-00151084": "Milano Italy his last flight in Italy", "oul7JmltjiY-00516-00151085-00151291": "gave air cover for General George", "oul7JmltjiY-00517-00151292-00151597": "Marshalls visit to Pisa he was the", "oul7JmltjiY-00518-00151598-00151819": "recipient of the Silver Star Medal the", "oul7JmltjiY-00519-00151820-00152047": "Air Medal with four clusters and the", "oul7JmltjiY-00520-00152048-00152314": "Distinguished Flying Cross five times", "oul7JmltjiY-00521-00152315-00152614": "Giller Meany later became the founder of", "oul7JmltjiY-00522-00152615-00152845": "the Puerto Rico Air National Guard and", "oul7JmltjiY-00523-00152846-00153199": "retired as Brigadier General captain", "oul7JmltjiY-00524-00153200-00153418": "Alberto a Nieto served in the Royal", "oul7JmltjiY-00525-00153419-00153697": "Canadian Air Force the Royal Air Force", "oul7JmltjiY-00526-00153698-00153955": "and in the United States Army Air Forces", "oul7JmltjiY-00527-00153956-00154267": "during the war he flew missions as a", "oul7JmltjiY-00528-00154268-00154537": "bomber pilot for the RCAF and as a", "oul7JmltjiY-00529-00154538-00154804": "Supermarine Spitfire fighter pilot for", "oul7JmltjiY-00530-00154805-00155134": "the RAF as member of the RAF he belonged", "oul7JmltjiY-00531-00155135-00155416": "to 67th reconnaissance squadron who", "oul7JmltjiY-00532-00155417-00155805": "participated in 275 combat missions", "oul7JmltjiY-00533-00155806-00156171": "Nieto later transferred to the USAAF", "oul7JmltjiY-00534-00156172-00156529": "67th Fighter Group as a p-51 Mustang", "oul7JmltjiY-00535-00156530-00156808": "fighter pilot he was awarded the", "oul7JmltjiY-00536-00156809-00157054": "Distinguished Flying Cross with four oak", "oul7JmltjiY-00537-00157055-00157264": "leaf clusters and the Air Medal with", "oul7JmltjiY-00538-00157265-00157633": "four oak leaf clusters Nieto co-founded", "oul7JmltjiY-00539-00157634-00157867": "the Puerto Rico Air National Guard and", "oul7JmltjiY-00540-00157868-00158107": "as Giller Meany retired a brigadier", "oul7JmltjiY-00541-00158108-00158365": "general lieutenant Jose Antonio muñiz", "oul7JmltjiY-00542-00158366-00158587": "served with distinction in the China", "oul7JmltjiY-00543-00158588-00158911": "Burma India theatre during his tour of", "oul7JmltjiY-00544-00158912-00158953": "duty", "oul7JmltjiY-00545-00158954-00159226": "he flew 20 combat missions against the", "oul7JmltjiY-00546-00159227-00159493": "Imperial Japanese Army Air Force and", "oul7JmltjiY-00547-00159494-00160003": "shot down a Mitsubishi a6m zero in 1960", "oul7JmltjiY-00548-00160004-00160345": "munis was flying a formation of f-86s", "oul7JmltjiY-00549-00160346-00160528": "celebrating the fourth of July", "oul7JmltjiY-00550-00160529-00160768": "festivities in Puerto Rico and upon", "oul7JmltjiY-00551-00160769-00161005": "takeoff his airplane flamed out and", "oul7JmltjiY-00552-00161006-00161419": "crashed in 1963 the Air National Guard", "oul7JmltjiY-00553-00161420-00161677": "base at the san juan international", "oul7JmltjiY-00554-00161678-00161986": "airport in puerto rico was renamed moon", "oul7JmltjiY-00555-00161987-00162322": "yeast Air National Guard base in his", "oul7JmltjiY-00556-00162323-00162577": "honor second lieutenants azar Luis", "oul7JmltjiY-00557-00162578-00162709": "Gonzales", "oul7JmltjiY-00558-00162710-00163018": "pilot of a c-47 was the first puerto", "oul7JmltjiY-00559-00163019-00163270": "rican pilot in the United States Army", "oul7JmltjiY-00560-00163271-00163564": "Air Forces he was one of the initial", "oul7JmltjiY-00561-00163565-00163765": "participants of the invasion of Sicily", "oul7JmltjiY-00562-00163766-00164229": "on July 10 1943 also known as Operation", "oul7JmltjiY-00563-00164230-00164577": "husky during the invasion of Sicily he", "oul7JmltjiY-00564-00164578-00164829": "flew on two night missions the first on", "oul7JmltjiY-00565-00164830-00165054": "July 9th where his mission was to", "oul7JmltjiY-00566-00165055-00165301": "release paratroops of 82nd Airborne", "oul7JmltjiY-00567-00165302-00165523": "Division on the area of Gila and the", "oul7JmltjiY-00568-00165524-00165765": "second on July 11 when he dropped", "oul7JmltjiY-00569-00165766-00166096": "reinforcements in the area his unit was", "oul7JmltjiY-00570-00166097-00166404": "awarded a duck for carrying out this", "oul7JmltjiY-00571-00166405-00166621": "second mission in spite of bad weather", "oul7JmltjiY-00572-00166622-00166876": "and heavy attack by enemy ground and", "oul7JmltjiY-00573-00166877-00167228": "naval forces Gonzales died on November", "oul7JmltjiY-00574-00167229-00167628": "22nd 1943 when his plane crashed during", "oul7JmltjiY-00575-00167629-00167839": "training off the end of the runway at", "oul7JmltjiY-00576-00167840-00168097": "Castelvetrano he was posthumously", "oul7JmltjiY-00577-00168098-00168525": "promoted to first lieutenant TSgt", "oul7JmltjiY-00578-00168526-00168879": "clement resto served with the 303rd Bomb", "oul7JmltjiY-00579-00168880-00169077": "Group and participated in numerous", "oul7JmltjiY-00580-00169078-00169416": "bombing raids over Germany during a", "oul7JmltjiY-00581-00169417-00169639": "bombing mission over Duren Germany", "oul7JmltjiY-00582-00169640-00170011": "restos plane a b-17 Flying Fortress was", "oul7JmltjiY-00583-00170012-00170362": "shot down he was captured by the Gestapo", "oul7JmltjiY-00584-00170363-00170703": "and sent to Stalag XVII B where he spent", "oul7JmltjiY-00585-00170704-00170973": "the rest of the war as a prisoner of war", "oul7JmltjiY-00586-00170974-00171268": "resto who lost an eye during his last", "oul7JmltjiY-00587-00171269-00171528": "mission was awarded a Purple Heart a pal", "oul7JmltjiY-00588-00171529-00171769": "medal and an Air Medal with one battle", "oul7JmltjiY-00589-00171770-00171958": "star after he was liberated from", "oul7JmltjiY-00590-00171959-00172341": "captivity in 1945 when Kwajalein of the", "oul7JmltjiY-00591-00172342-00172585": "Marshall Islands was secured by the US", "oul7JmltjiY-00592-00172586-00172864": "forces Sergeant Fernando Burnitz it was", "oul7JmltjiY-00593-00172865-00173064": "among the Marines who were sent to guard", "oul7JmltjiY-00594-00173065-00173373": "various essential military installations", "oul7JmltjiY-00595-00173374-00173659": "Burnitz it a combat veteran of the", "oul7JmltjiY-00596-00173660-00173902": "Battle of Midway guarded the airport and", "oul7JmltjiY-00597-00173903-00174145": "prisoners of war as well as the atomic", "oul7JmltjiY-00598-00174146-00174876": "bomb as it made its way for Japan", "oul7JmltjiY-00599-00174877-00175474": "topic women in the military", "oul7JmltjiY-00600-00175475-00175735": "when the United States entered World War", "oul7JmltjiY-00601-00175736-00176035": "two Puerto Rican nurses volunteered for", "oul7JmltjiY-00602-00176036-00176257": "service but were not accepted into the", "oul7JmltjiY-00603-00176258-00176719": "army or navy nurse corps in 1944 the", "oul7JmltjiY-00604-00176720-00176950": "army sent recruiters to the island to", "oul7JmltjiY-00605-00176951-00177211": "recruit no more than 200 women for the", "oul7JmltjiY-00606-00177212-00177496": "Women's Army Corps WAC over 1,000", "oul7JmltjiY-00607-00177497-00177733": "applications were received for the unit", "oul7JmltjiY-00608-00177734-00177988": "which was to be composed of only 200", "oul7JmltjiY-00609-00177989-00178341": "women the Puerto Rican WAC unit Company", "oul7JmltjiY-00610-00178342-00178687": "6 2nd battalion 21st Regiment of the", "oul7JmltjiY-00611-00178688-00178914": "Women's Army auxiliary Corps a", "oul7JmltjiY-00612-00178915-00179185": "segregated Hispanic unit was assigned to", "oul7JmltjiY-00613-00179186-00179427": "the New York port of embarkation after", "oul7JmltjiY-00614-00179428-00179608": "their basic training at Fort Oglethorpe", "oul7JmltjiY-00615-00179609-00179950": "Georgia they were assigned to work in", "oul7JmltjiY-00616-00179951-00180169": "military offices which planned the", "oul7JmltjiY-00617-00180170-00180377": "shipment of troops around the world", "oul7JmltjiY-00618-00180378-00180760": "among them was PFC Carmen Garcia Rosato", "oul7JmltjiY-00619-00180761-00181093": "who in 2006 authored and published a", "oul7JmltjiY-00620-00181094-00181582": "book titled la SWAC s participation de", "oul7JmltjiY-00621-00181583-00181897": "la mujer boricua n la segunda guerra", "oul7JmltjiY-00622-00181898-00182340": "mundial the W a seized the participation", "oul7JmltjiY-00623-00182341-00182565": "of the Puerto Rican women in the second", "oul7JmltjiY-00624-00182566-00182824": "world war the first book to document the", "oul7JmltjiY-00625-00182825-00183097": "experiences of the first 200 Puerto", "oul7JmltjiY-00626-00183098-00183337": "Rican women who participated in said", "oul7JmltjiY-00627-00183338-00183583": "conflict that same year the Army Nurse", "oul7JmltjiY-00628-00183584-00183946": "Corps ANC decided to accept Puerto Rican", "oul7JmltjiY-00629-00183947-00184183": "nurses so that army hospitals would not", "oul7JmltjiY-00630-00184184-00184427": "have to deal with the language barriers", "oul7JmltjiY-00631-00184428-00184750": "13 women submitted applications were", "oul7JmltjiY-00632-00184751-00184939": "interviewed underwent physical", "oul7JmltjiY-00633-00184940-00185185": "examinations and were accepted into the", "oul7JmltjiY-00634-00185186-00185454": "ANC eight of these nurses were assigned", "oul7JmltjiY-00635-00185455-00185713": "to the Army Post at San Juan where they", "oul7JmltjiY-00636-00185714-00185877": "were valued for their bilingual", "oul7JmltjiY-00637-00185878-00186196": "abilities five nurses were assigned to", "oul7JmltjiY-00638-00186197-00186436": "work at the hospital at Camp tahdig ro", "oul7JmltjiY-00639-00186437-00186573": "Puerto Rico", "oul7JmltjiY-00640-00186574-00186868": "among them was second lieutenant Carmen", "oul7JmltjiY-00641-00186869-00187096": "Lozano dumb ler who became one of the", "oul7JmltjiY-00642-00187097-00187300": "first Puerto Rican female military", "oul7JmltjiY-00643-00187301-00187573": "officers not all the women served as", "oul7JmltjiY-00644-00187574-00187762": "nurses some women served in", "oul7JmltjiY-00645-00187763-00187977": "administrative duties in the mainland", "oul7JmltjiY-00646-00187978-00188304": "are near combat zones such was the case", "oul7JmltjiY-00647-00188305-00188545": "of technician fourth grade Carmen", "oul7JmltjiY-00648-00188546-00188833": "Contreras bozack who belong to the 100", "oul7JmltjiY-00649-00188834-00189111": "forty-ninth Women's Army auxiliary Corps", "oul7JmltjiY-00650-00189112-00189570": "the 149th Women's Army auxiliary Corps", "oul7JmltjiY-00651-00189571-00189915": "WAAC Post Headquarters Company was the", "oul7JmltjiY-00652-00189916-00190246": "first WAAC company to go overseas", "oul7JmltjiY-00653-00190247-00190489": "setting sail from New York Harbor for", "oul7JmltjiY-00654-00190490-00190933": "Europe on January 1943 the unit arrived", "oul7JmltjiY-00655-00190934-00191347": "in northern Africa on January 27 1943", "oul7JmltjiY-00656-00191348-00191638": "and rendered overseas duties in Algiers", "oul7JmltjiY-00657-00191639-00191872": "within General Dwight D Eisenhower's", "oul7JmltjiY-00658-00191873-00192228": "theater headquarters T for Carmen", "oul7JmltjiY-00659-00192229-00192481": "Contreras Bozak a member of this unit", "oul7JmltjiY-00660-00192482-00192712": "was the first Hispanic to serve in the", "oul7JmltjiY-00661-00192713-00192982": "US Women's Army Corps as an interpreter", "oul7JmltjiY-00662-00192983-00193213": "and in numerous administrative positions", "oul7JmltjiY-00663-00193214-00193408": "another was lieutenant junior grade", "oul7JmltjiY-00664-00193409-00193699": "Maria Rodriguez Denton the first woman", "oul7JmltjiY-00665-00193700-00193924": "from Puerto Rico who became an officer", "oul7JmltjiY-00666-00193925-00194194": "in the United States Navy as member of", "oul7JmltjiY-00667-00194195-00194616": "the waves the Navy assigned LT JG Denton", "oul7JmltjiY-00668-00194617-00194863": "as a library assistant at the cable and", "oul7JmltjiY-00669-00194864-00195175": "censorship office in New York City it", "oul7JmltjiY-00670-00195176-00195484": "was LT JG Denton who forwarded the news", "oul7JmltjiY-00671-00195485-00195709": "through channels to president harry s", "oul7JmltjiY-00672-00195710-00195949": "truman that the war had ended some", "oul7JmltjiY-00673-00195950-00196195": "Puerto Rican women became notable in", "oul7JmltjiY-00674-00196196-00196437": "other fields outside of the military", "oul7JmltjiY-00675-00196438-00196776": "among them Sylvia Rex such a composer of", "oul7JmltjiY-00676-00196777-00197064": "boleros Marie Theresa Rios and author", "oul7JmltjiY-00677-00197065-00197500": "and Julia Ross singer Sylvia Rex hatch", "oul7JmltjiY-00678-00197501-00197725": "dropped out of the University of Puerto", "oul7JmltjiY-00679-00197726-00198054": "Rico in 1942 and joined the United", "oul7JmltjiY-00680-00198055-00198337": "States Army as a member of the WACS", "oul7JmltjiY-00681-00198338-00198682": "where she served as an office clerk she", "oul7JmltjiY-00682-00198683-00199024": "served until 1945 when she was honorably", "oul7JmltjiY-00683-00199025-00199369": "discharged Marie Theresa Rios was a", "oul7JmltjiY-00684-00199370-00199633": "Puerto Rican writer who also served in", "oul7JmltjiY-00685-00199634-00199993": "World War two Rios mother of Medal of", "oul7JmltjiY-00686-00199994-00200265": "Honor recipient capped Humbert Rock", "oul7JmltjiY-00687-00200266-00200488": "Versace and author of the fifteenth", "oul7JmltjiY-00688-00200489-00200703": "Pelican which was the basis for the", "oul7JmltjiY-00689-00200704-00201051": "popular 1960s television sitcom The", "oul7JmltjiY-00690-00201052-00201397": "Flying Nun drove army trucks and buses", "oul7JmltjiY-00691-00201398-00201709": "she also served as a pilot for the Civil", "oul7JmltjiY-00692-00201710-00202024": "Air Patrol Rios Versace wrote and edited", "oul7JmltjiY-00693-00202025-00202228": "for various newspapers or", "oul7JmltjiY-00694-00202229-00202441": "around the world including places such", "oul7JmltjiY-00695-00202442-00202723": "as Guam Germany Wisconsin and South", "oul7JmltjiY-00696-00202724-00202990": "Dakota and publications such the Armed", "oul7JmltjiY-00697-00202991-00203241": "Forces Star and Stripes and Gannett", "oul7JmltjiY-00698-00203242-00203536": "during World War two Julie de Ross", "oul7JmltjiY-00699-00203537-00203767": "entertained the troops with her voice in", "oul7JmltjiY-00700-00203768-00204612": "USO shows United Service Organizations", "oul7JmltjiY-00701-00204613-00205228": "topic Puerto Rican commanders", "oul7JmltjiY-00702-00205229-00205483": "in addition to Lieutenant Colonel Juan", "oul7JmltjiY-00703-00205484-00205744": "says our Cordero Davila nine Porto", "oul7JmltjiY-00704-00205744-00205954": "Ricans who graduated from the United", "oul7JmltjiY-00705-00205955-00206206": "States Naval Academy and the United", "oul7JmltjiY-00706-00206207-00206439": "States Military Academy served in", "oul7JmltjiY-00707-00206440-00206701": "command positions in the Army Navy and", "oul7JmltjiY-00708-00206702-00207007": "the Marine Corps they were lieutenant", "oul7JmltjiY-00709-00207008-00207412": "general Pedro Augusto del Valle USMC the", "oul7JmltjiY-00710-00207413-00207628": "first Hispanic to reach the rank of", "oul7JmltjiY-00711-00207629-00207831": "general in the Marine Corps Rear Admiral", "oul7JmltjiY-00712-00207832-00208180": "Frederick Louis reef Coll USN the first", "oul7JmltjiY-00713-00208181-00208423": "Puerto Rican to graduate from the Naval", "oul7JmltjiY-00714-00208423-00208662": "Academy and recipient of the Navy Cross", "oul7JmltjiY-00715-00208663-00209059": "Rear Admiral Jose M cabin Ellis USN who", "oul7JmltjiY-00716-00209060-00209311": "was the executive officer of the USS", "oul7JmltjiY-00717-00209312-00209530": "Texas which participated in the", "oul7JmltjiY-00718-00209531-00209779": "invasions of North Africa and Normandy", "oul7JmltjiY-00719-00209780-00210088": "d-day Rear Admiral Edmund Ernest Garcia", "oul7JmltjiY-00720-00210089-00210463": "USN commander of the destroyer USS Sloat", "oul7JmltjiY-00721-00210464-00210679": "who saw action in the invasions of", "oul7JmltjiY-00722-00210680-00210967": "Africa Sicily and France Admiral Horatio", "oul7JmltjiY-00723-00210967-00211309": "Rivero junior USN who was the first", "oul7JmltjiY-00724-00211310-00211569": "Hispanic to become a four-star Admiral", "oul7JmltjiY-00725-00211571-00211816": "captain Marion Frederick Ramirez de", "oul7JmltjiY-00726-00211817-00212092": "Arellano USN the first Hispanic", "oul7JmltjiY-00727-00212092-00212319": "submarine commander who commanded the", "oul7JmltjiY-00728-00212321-00212608": "USS Palau and is credited with sinking", "oul7JmltjiY-00729-00212609-00212908": "two Japanese ships Rear Admiral Rafael", "oul7JmltjiY-00730-00212909-00213160": "chalice Tino Benitez u.s.n", "oul7JmltjiY-00731-00213161-00213406": "a highly decorated submarine commander", "oul7JmltjiY-00732-00213407-00213648": "who was the recipient of two Silver Star", "oul7JmltjiY-00733-00213650-00213910": "medals colonel Virgilio and Cordero jr.", "oul7JmltjiY-00734-00213911-00214261": "u.s. a recipient of three Silver Star", "oul7JmltjiY-00735-00214262-00214531": "medals and a bronze star medal battalion", "oul7JmltjiY-00736-00214532-00214819": "commander of the 31st infantry regiment", "oul7JmltjiY-00737-00214819-00215161": "on December 8th 1941 when Japanese", "oul7JmltjiY-00738-00215162-00215386": "planes attacked the US military", "oul7JmltjiY-00739-00215387-00215613": "installations in the Philippines", "oul7JmltjiY-00740-00215614-00216004": "Colonel Virgil our Miller USA regimental", "oul7JmltjiY-00741-00216005-00216319": "commander of the 442nd Regimental Combat", "oul7JmltjiY-00742-00216319-00216639": "Team and Colonel Jaime saboteur senior", "oul7JmltjiY-00743-00216640-00217159": "USMC class of 1927 Lieutenant General", "oul7JmltjiY-00744-00217160-00217558": "Pedro del Valle USMC a highly decorated", "oul7JmltjiY-00745-00217559-00217773": "marine played a key role in the", "oul7JmltjiY-00746-00217775-00217992": "Guadalcanal campaign and the Battle of", "oul7JmltjiY-00747-00217994-00218223": "Guam and became the commanding general", "oul7JmltjiY-00748-00218225-00218533": "of the 1st Marine Division del Valle", "oul7JmltjiY-00749-00218534-00218610": "played in", "oul7JmltjiY-00750-00218611-00218805": "instrumental role in the defeat of the", "oul7JmltjiY-00751-00218806-00219075": "Japanese forces in Okinawa and was in", "oul7JmltjiY-00752-00219076-00219363": "charge of the reorganization of Okinawa", "oul7JmltjiY-00753-00219364-00219669": "Rear Admiral Frederick Louis reef Coll", "oul7JmltjiY-00754-00219671-00220008": "USN was the captain of the USS Vincennes", "oul7JmltjiY-00755-00220009-00220248": "which was assigned to the fire support", "oul7JmltjiY-00756-00220249-00220575": "group love with transport group x ra y", "oul7JmltjiY-00757-00220576-00220742": "under the command of rear admiral", "oul7JmltjiY-00758-00220744-00221046": "Richmond K Turner's task force ter", "oul7JmltjiY-00759-00221048-00221287": "amphibious force during the landing in", "oul7JmltjiY-00760-00221288-00221696": "the Solomon Islands on August 7 1942", "oul7JmltjiY-00761-00221698-00222078": "prior to world war ii Rear Admiral Jose", "oul7JmltjiY-00762-00222079-00222415": "M cabin Ellis USN served aboard various", "oul7JmltjiY-00763-00222416-00222806": "cruisers destroyers and submarines in", "oul7JmltjiY-00764-00222807-00223146": "1942 upon the outbreak of world war ii", "oul7JmltjiY-00765-00223148-00223414": "he was assigned executive officer of the", "oul7JmltjiY-00766-00223415-00223813": "USS Texas the Texas participated in the", "oul7JmltjiY-00767-00223814-00224044": "invasion of North Africa by destroying", "oul7JmltjiY-00768-00224044-00224330": "an ammunition dump near Port Lyautey", "oul7JmltjiY-00769-00224331-00224634": "cabin Ellis also participated in the", "oul7JmltjiY-00770-00224635-00224982": "invasion of Normandy on d-day Rear", "oul7JmltjiY-00771-00224983-00225337": "Admiral Edmund Ernest Garcia USN was the", "oul7JmltjiY-00772-00225338-00225594": "commander of the destroyer USS slowed", "oul7JmltjiY-00773-00225596-00225844": "and saw action in the invasions of North", "oul7JmltjiY-00774-00225844-00226254": "Africa Sicily and France Admiral Horatio", "oul7JmltjiY-00775-00226255-00226717": "Rivero jr. usn served aboard the USS San", "oul7JmltjiY-00776-00226717-00227065": "Juan CL 54 and was involved in providing", "oul7JmltjiY-00777-00227066-00227328": "artillery cover for Marines landing on", "oul7JmltjiY-00778-00227329-00227544": "Guadalcanal the Marshall Islands", "oul7JmltjiY-00779-00227546-00227928": "Iwo Jima and Okinawa for his service he", "oul7JmltjiY-00780-00227929-00228147": "was awarded the Bronze Star Medal with", "oul7JmltjiY-00781-00228148-00228344": "combat V", "oul7JmltjiY-00782-00228346-00228600": "captain Marion frederic ramirez de", "oul7JmltjiY-00783-00228601-00228879": "Arellano USN the first Hispanic", "oul7JmltjiY-00784-00228880-00229116": "submarine commanding officer was a", "oul7JmltjiY-00785-00229117-00229362": "submarine commander in the Navy who was", "oul7JmltjiY-00786-00229363-00229590": "awarded two Silver Star medals the", "oul7JmltjiY-00787-00229591-00229832": "Legion of Merit and a Bronze Star Medal", "oul7JmltjiY-00788-00229833-00230057": "for his actions against the Imperial", "oul7JmltjiY-00789-00230058-00230412": "Japanese Navy not only as he credited", "oul7JmltjiY-00790-00230413-00230579": "with the sinking of at least two", "oul7JmltjiY-00791-00230580-00230814": "Japanese ships but he also led the", "oul7JmltjiY-00792-00230815-00231027": "rescue of the lives of numerous downed", "oul7JmltjiY-00793-00231028-00231455": "Navy pilots Rear Admiral Raphael chalice", "oul7JmltjiY-00794-00231456-00231753": "Tino Benitez USN who was at the time a", "oul7JmltjiY-00795-00231754-00232002": "lieutenant commander saw action aboard", "oul7JmltjiY-00796-00232003-00232208": "submarines and on various occasions", "oul7JmltjiY-00797-00232209-00232542": "whether depth charge attacks for his", "oul7JmltjiY-00798-00232542-00232788": "actions he was awarded the silver and", "oul7JmltjiY-00799-00232789-00232960": "bronze star medals", "oul7JmltjiY-00800-00232961-00233234": "Benitez would later play an important", "oul7JmltjiY-00801-00233235-00233487": "role in the first American undersea spy", "oul7JmltjiY-00802-00233488-00233721": "mission of the Cold War as commander of", "oul7JmltjiY-00803-00233721-00234021": "the submarine USS Cochino in what became", "oul7JmltjiY-00804-00234021-00234371": "known as the Cochino incident", "oul7JmltjiY-00805-00234371-00234800": "Colonel Virgilio and Cordero jr. USA was", "oul7JmltjiY-00806-00234801-00235028": "the battalion commander of the 31st", "oul7JmltjiY-00807-00235029-00235379": "infantry regiment on December 8th 1941", "oul7JmltjiY-00808-00235380-00235664": "when Japanese planes attacked the US", "oul7JmltjiY-00809-00235665-00235846": "military installations in the", "oul7JmltjiY-00810-00235848-00236158": "Philippines the Bataan Defense Force", "oul7JmltjiY-00811-00236159-00236480": "surrendered on April 9th 1942 and", "oul7JmltjiY-00812-00236481-00236714": "Cordero and his men underwent brutal", "oul7JmltjiY-00813-00236715-00236930": "torture and humiliation during the", "oul7JmltjiY-00814-00236931-00237133": "Bataan Death March and nearly four years", "oul7JmltjiY-00815-00237134-00237562": "of captivity Cordero was one of nearly", "oul7JmltjiY-00816-00237563-00237896": "1,600 members of the 31st infantry who", "oul7JmltjiY-00817-00237896-00238187": "were taken as prisoners half of these", "oul7JmltjiY-00818-00238188-00238405": "men perished while prisoners of the", "oul7JmltjiY-00819-00238406-00238691": "Japanese forces Cordero gained his", "oul7JmltjiY-00820-00238692-00238913": "freedom when the Allied troops defeated", "oul7JmltjiY-00821-00238914-00239273": "the Japanese in 1945 and he returned to", "oul7JmltjiY-00822-00239273-00239608": "the United States Cordero who retired", "oul7JmltjiY-00823-00239609-00239809": "with the rank of brigadier-general", "oul7JmltjiY-00824-00239810-00240014": "wrote about his experiences as a", "oul7JmltjiY-00825-00240015-00240212": "prisoner of war and what he went through", "oul7JmltjiY-00826-00240213-00240517": "during the Bataan Death March he", "oul7JmltjiY-00827-00240519-00240740": "authored my experiences during the war", "oul7JmltjiY-00828-00240741-00241073": "with Japan which was published in 1950", "oul7JmltjiY-00829-00241073-00241517": "in 1957 he authored a revised Spanish", "oul7JmltjiY-00830-00241517-00241814": "version titled Bataan y la marcha de la", "oul7JmltjiY-00831-00241815-00242138": "muerte vol 7 of collectionn vita e", "oul7JmltjiY-00832-00242139-00242569": "historia Colonel Virgil R Miller USA", "oul7JmltjiY-00833-00242571-00242879": "born in San German Puerto Rico was the", "oul7JmltjiY-00834-00242880-00243191": "regimental commander of the 442 D", "oul7JmltjiY-00835-00243192-00243467": "regimental combat team a unit which was", "oul7JmltjiY-00836-00243467-00243787": "composed of miss a second generation", "oul7JmltjiY-00837-00243788-00244067": "Americans of Japanese descent during", "oul7JmltjiY-00838-00244067-00244463": "world war ii he led the 442nd in its", "oul7JmltjiY-00839-00244464-00244712": "rescue of the lost Texas battalion of", "oul7JmltjiY-00840-00244713-00244964": "the 36th Infantry Division in the", "oul7JmltjiY-00841-00244965-00245155": "forests of the Vosges mountains in", "oul7JmltjiY-00842-00245156-00245346": "northeastern France", "oul7JmltjiY-00843-00245348-00245723": "Colonel Jaime saboteur senior USMC", "oul7JmltjiY-00844-00245723-00245956": "commanded the 1st battalion 9th Marines", "oul7JmltjiY-00845-00245957-00246191": "during the Bougainville amphibious", "oul7JmltjiY-00846-00246192-00246583": "operations saboteur also participated in", "oul7JmltjiY-00847-00246584-00246977": "the Battle of Guam July 21st 1944 to", "oul7JmltjiY-00848-00246978-00247352": "August 10th 1944 as executive officer of", "oul7JmltjiY-00849-00247353-00247669": "the 9th Marines he was wounded in action", "oul7JmltjiY-00850-00247671-00247823": "on July 20", "oul7JmltjiY-00851-00247823-00248638": "first 1944 and awarded the Purple Heart", "oul7JmltjiY-00852-00248639-00249196": "topic discrimination", "oul7JmltjiY-00853-00249196-00249492": "during World War two the United States", "oul7JmltjiY-00854-00249494-00249787": "Army was segregated Porto Ricans who", "oul7JmltjiY-00855-00249788-00249982": "resided on the mainland and who were", "oul7JmltjiY-00856-00249983-00250234": "fluent in English served alongside their", "oul7JmltjiY-00857-00250235-00250627": "white counterparts and black Puerto", "oul7JmltjiY-00858-00250628-00250873": "Ricans were assigned to units made up", "oul7JmltjiY-00859-00250873-00251203": "mostly of African Americans Puerto", "oul7JmltjiY-00860-00251204-00251448": "Ricans from the islands served in Puerto", "oul7JmltjiY-00861-00251450-00251752": "Rico's segregated units like the 65th", "oul7JmltjiY-00862-00251753-00251956": "Infantry and the Puerto Rico National", "oul7JmltjiY-00863-00251957-00252456": "Guard's 290 5th and 296th regiments", "oul7JmltjiY-00864-00252457-00252760": "racial discrimination practiced against", "oul7JmltjiY-00865-00252761-00252988": "Hispanic Americans including Puerto", "oul7JmltjiY-00866-00252989-00253242": "Ricans on the United States East Coast", "oul7JmltjiY-00867-00253244-00253525": "and mexican-americans in California and", "oul7JmltjiY-00868-00253526-00253848": "the Southwest was widespread some Puerto", "oul7JmltjiY-00869-00253850-00254125": "Ricans who served in Regular Army units", "oul7JmltjiY-00870-00254126-00254296": "were witnesses to the racial", "oul7JmltjiY-00871-00254296-00254592": "discrimination of the day in an", "oul7JmltjiY-00872-00254594-00254941": "interview PFC Raul Rios Rodriguez said", "oul7JmltjiY-00873-00254942-00255133": "that during his basic training at Fort", "oul7JmltjiY-00874-00255134-00255385": "Bragg North Carolina he had encountered", "oul7JmltjiY-00875-00255386-00255619": "a strict drill instructor who was", "oul7JmltjiY-00876-00255619-00255853": "particularly harsh on the Hispanic and", "oul7JmltjiY-00877-00255854-00256159": "black soldiers in his unit he stated", "oul7JmltjiY-00878-00256160-00256333": "that he remains resentful of the", "oul7JmltjiY-00879-00256334-00256609": "discriminatory treatment that Latino and", "oul7JmltjiY-00880-00256610-00256821": "black soldiers received during basic", "oul7JmltjiY-00881-00256823-00257116": "training we were all soldiers we were", "oul7JmltjiY-00882-00257117-00257362": "all risking our lives for the United", "oul7JmltjiY-00883-00257363-00257694": "States that should have never been done", "oul7JmltjiY-00884-00257696-00258048": "never rios rodriguez was shipped to la", "oul7JmltjiY-00885-00258050-00258331": "Havre France assigned to guard bridges", "oul7JmltjiY-00886-00258332-00258567": "and supply depots in France and Germany", "oul7JmltjiY-00887-00258569-00258844": "with the 18th Infantry Regiment 1st", "oul7JmltjiY-00888-00258844-00259162": "Infantry Division another soldier PFC", "oul7JmltjiY-00889-00259163-00259441": "Felix Lopez Santos was drafted into the", "oul7JmltjiY-00890-00259442-00259666": "Army and sent to Fort Dix in New Jersey", "oul7JmltjiY-00891-00259667-00260053": "for training Lopez Santos went to Milne", "oul7JmltjiY-00892-00260054-00260281": "Bay and then to the small island of Wood", "oul7JmltjiY-00893-00260282-00260521": "lark both in New Guinea where he was in", "oul7JmltjiY-00894-00260521-00260740": "the communications department using", "oul7JmltjiY-00895-00260741-00260971": "telephone wires to communicate to the", "oul7JmltjiY-00896-00260971-00261265": "troops during the war in an interview", "oul7JmltjiY-00897-00261266-00261508": "lopez Santos stated that in North", "oul7JmltjiY-00898-00261509-00261742": "Carolina he witnessed some forms of", "oul7JmltjiY-00899-00261742-00261934": "racial discrimination but never", "oul7JmltjiY-00900-00261935-00262294": "experienced it for himself he stated I", "oul7JmltjiY-00901-00262295-00262472": "remember seeing some", "oul7JmltjiY-00902-00262473-00262712": "colored people refused service at a", "oul7JmltjiY-00903-00262713-00262945": "restaurant I believe that I was not", "oul7JmltjiY-00904-00262946-00263213": "discriminated against because of my blue", "oul7JmltjiY-00905-00263214-00263579": "eyes and fair complexion according to", "oul7JmltjiY-00906-00263580-00263822": "Carmen Garcia Rosato one of the", "oul7JmltjiY-00907-00263823-00264062": "hardships which Puerto Rican women in", "oul7JmltjiY-00908-00264063-00264278": "the military were subject to was the", "oul7JmltjiY-00909-00264279-00264521": "social and racial discrimination which", "oul7JmltjiY-00910-00264522-00264737": "at the time was rampant in the United", "oul7JmltjiY-00911-00264738-00265450": "States against the Latino community", "oul7JmltjiY-00912-00265451-00266051": "topic human experimentation", "oul7JmltjiY-00913-00266052-00266339": "Puerto Rican soldiers were also subject", "oul7JmltjiY-00914-00266340-00266624": "to human experimentation by the United", "oul7JmltjiY-00915-00266625-00267014": "States Armed Forces on Panama's San Jose", "oul7JmltjiY-00916-00267015-00267239": "Island Puerto Rican soldiers were", "oul7JmltjiY-00917-00267240-00267479": "exposed to mustard gas to see if they", "oul7JmltjiY-00918-00267480-00267710": "reacted differently than their white", "oul7JmltjiY-00919-00267711-00268070": "counterparts according to Susan L Smith", "oul7JmltjiY-00920-00268071-00268271": "of the University of Alberta the", "oul7JmltjiY-00921-00268272-00268460": "researchers were searching for evidence", "oul7JmltjiY-00922-00268461-00268682": "of race-based differences in the", "oul7JmltjiY-00923-00268683-00268928": "responses of the human body to mustard", "oul7JmltjiY-00924-00268929-00269548": "gas exposure", "oul7JmltjiY-00925-00269549-00270155": "topic post-world War two", "oul7JmltjiY-00926-00270156-00270446": "the American participation in the Second", "oul7JmltjiY-00927-00270447-00270686": "World War came to an end in Europe on", "oul7JmltjiY-00928-00270687-00271016": "May 8 1945 when the Western Allies", "oul7JmltjiY-00929-00271017-00271439": "celebrated VE Day Victory in Europe day", "oul7JmltjiY-00930-00271440-00271667": "upon Germany's surrender and in the", "oul7JmltjiY-00931-00271668-00272176": "Asian Theatre on August 14 1945 VJ Day", "oul7JmltjiY-00932-00272177-00272516": "victory over Japan day when the Japanese", "oul7JmltjiY-00933-00272517-00272720": "surrendered by signing the Japanese", "oul7JmltjiY-00934-00272721-00273169": "instrument of surrender on October 27", "oul7JmltjiY-00935-00273170-00273515": "1945 the 65th Infantry which had", "oul7JmltjiY-00936-00273516-00273743": "participated in the battles of Naples", "oul7JmltjiY-00937-00273744-00274040": "fogies Rome arno Central Europe and of", "oul7JmltjiY-00938-00274041-00274312": "the Rhineland sailed home from France", "oul7JmltjiY-00939-00274313-00274657": "arriving at Puerto Rico on November 9", "oul7JmltjiY-00940-00274658-00274949": "1945 they were received by the local", "oul7JmltjiY-00941-00274950-00275216": "population as national heroes and given", "oul7JmltjiY-00942-00275217-00275438": "a victorious reception at the military", "oul7JmltjiY-00943-00275439-00275807": "terminal of Camp Buchanan according to", "oul7JmltjiY-00944-00275808-00276196": "the book historia militar de Puerto Rico", "oul7JmltjiY-00945-00276197-00276491": "military history of Puerto Rico by", "oul7JmltjiY-00946-00276492-00276830": "historian call Hector Andres Negroni the", "oul7JmltjiY-00947-00276831-00277103": "men of the 65th Infantry were awarded", "oul7JmltjiY-00948-00277104-00277408": "the following military decorations", "oul7JmltjiY-00949-00277409-00277690": "the 290 5th regiment returned on", "oul7JmltjiY-00950-00277691-00278083": "February 20th 1946 from the Panama Canal", "oul7JmltjiY-00951-00278084-00278475": "Zone and the 296th regiment on March 6", "oul7JmltjiY-00952-00278476-00278797": "both regiments were awarded the American", "oul7JmltjiY-00953-00278798-00279028": "theater streamer and the Pacific Theatre", "oul7JmltjiY-00954-00279029-00279343": "streamer they were inactivated that same", "oul7JmltjiY-00955-00279344-00279571": "year many of the men and women who were", "oul7JmltjiY-00956-00279572-00279802": "discharged after the war returned to", "oul7JmltjiY-00957-00279803-00280027": "their civilian jobs or made use of the", "oul7JmltjiY-00958-00280028-00280354": "educational benefits of the GI Bill", "oul7JmltjiY-00959-00280355-00280684": "others such as Major General once a Czar", "oul7JmltjiY-00960-00280685-00280939": "Cordero Davila Colonel Carlos Betances", "oul7JmltjiY-00961-00280940-00281245": "Ramirez sergeant first class Agustin", "oul7JmltjiY-00962-00281246-00281536": "Ramos Calero and Master Sergeant Pedro", "oul7JmltjiY-00963-00281537-00281791": "Rodriguez continued in the military as", "oul7JmltjiY-00964-00281792-00282034": "career soldiers and went on to serve in", "oul7JmltjiY-00965-00282035-00282271": "the Korean War some of the Puerto Ricans", "oul7JmltjiY-00966-00282272-00282481": "from the mainland who had not completed", "oul7JmltjiY-00967-00282482-00282673": "their full active duty in the military", "oul7JmltjiY-00968-00282674-00282967": "service were reassigned to the 65th", "oul7JmltjiY-00969-00282968-00283182": "Infantry in Puerto Rico", "oul7JmltjiY-00970-00283183-00283441": "according to remarks made by Frank", "oul7JmltjiY-00971-00283442-00283675": "Bonilla in an interview he discovered", "oul7JmltjiY-00972-00283676-00283834": "that there was a divide among the", "oul7JmltjiY-00973-00283835-00284122": "soldiers the Porto Ricans who had", "oul7JmltjiY-00974-00284123-00284370": "emigrated to the mainland were seen as", "oul7JmltjiY-00975-00284371-00284716": "American Joe's while Puerto Ricans from", "oul7JmltjiY-00976-00284717-00285019": "the island considered themselves here", "oul7JmltjiY-00977-00285020-00285331": "Porto Ricans Bonilla at first thought", "oul7JmltjiY-00978-00285332-00285571": "the soldiers were being disrespectful to", "oul7JmltjiY-00979-00285572-00285814": "the United States especially since they", "oul7JmltjiY-00980-00285815-00286078": "stood at attention whenever labore in", "oul7JmltjiY-00981-00286079-00286372": "Kenya the Puerto Rican anthem was played", "oul7JmltjiY-00982-00286373-00286671": "and not when the United States anthem", "oul7JmltjiY-00983-00286672-00287065": "Bonilla as quoted as saying Bonilla", "oul7JmltjiY-00984-00287066-00287365": "eventually earned a PhD from Harvard and", "oul7JmltjiY-00985-00287366-00287551": "held faculty appointments at the", "oul7JmltjiY-00986-00287552-00287778": "Massachusetts Institute of Technology", "oul7JmltjiY-00987-00287779-00288019": "Stanford University and the City", "oul7JmltjiY-00988-00288020-00288358": "University of New York he became a major", "oul7JmltjiY-00989-00288359-00288637": "leader in Puerto Rican Studies according", "oul7JmltjiY-00990-00288638-00288832": "to the forth report of the director of", "oul7JmltjiY-00991-00288833-00289305": "Selective Service of 1948 a total of 50", "oul7JmltjiY-00992-00289306-00289618": "1438 Puerto Ricans served in the Armed", "oul7JmltjiY-00993-00289619-00289897": "Forces during World War two however the", "oul7JmltjiY-00994-00289898-00290107": "Department of Defense in its report", "oul7JmltjiY-00995-00290108-00290398": "titled number of Puerto Ricans serving", "oul7JmltjiY-00996-00290399-00290683": "in the US Armed Forces during national", "oul7JmltjiY-00997-00290684-00290858": "emergency", "oul7JmltjiY-00998-00290859-00291130": "stated that the total of Puerto Ricans", "oul7JmltjiY-00999-00291131-00291493": "who served was 65,000 34 and from that", "oul7JmltjiY-01000-00291494-00291967": "total 2560 were listed as wounded these", "oul7JmltjiY-01001-00291968-00292225": "numbers only reflect those who served in", "oul7JmltjiY-01002-00292226-00292540": "Puerto Rican units however the total", "oul7JmltjiY-01003-00292541-00292753": "number of Puerto Ricans who served in", "oul7JmltjiY-01004-00292754-00293023": "world war two in other units cannot be", "oul7JmltjiY-01005-00293024-00293169": "determined because the military", "oul7JmltjiY-01006-00293170-00293463": "categorized Hispanics along with whites", "oul7JmltjiY-01007-00293464-00293740": "the only racial groups for which", "oul7JmltjiY-01008-00293741-00293947": "separate statistics were kept were", "oul7JmltjiY-01009-00293948-00294238": "blacks and Asians the names of the 37", "oul7JmltjiY-01010-00294239-00294435": "men who are known to have perished in", "oul7JmltjiY-01011-00294436-00294652": "the conflict are engraved in el", "oul7JmltjiY-01012-00294653-00295015": "monumento Dilla recordation memorial", "oul7JmltjiY-01013-00295016-00295216": "monument monument which honors the", "oul7JmltjiY-01014-00295217-00295429": "memory of those who have fallen in the", "oul7JmltjiY-01015-00295430-00295705": "defense of the United States the", "oul7JmltjiY-01016-00295706-00295948": "monument is located in San Juan Puerto", "oul7JmltjiY-01017-00295949-00296163": "Rico", "oul7JmltjiY-01018-00296164-00296413": "topic further reading puertorriqueños", "oul7JmltjiY-01019-00296414-00296754": "who served with guts glory and honor", "oul7JmltjiY-01020-00296755-00297007": "fighting to defend a nation not", "oul7JmltjiY-01021-00297008-00297267": "completely their own by Grieg Budong", "oul7JmltjiY-01022-00297268-00297571": "ISBN nine seven eight one four nine", "oul7JmltjiY-01023-00297572-00297907": "seven four two one eight three seven", "oul7JmltjiY-01024-00297908-00298180": "historia militar de puerto rico by", "oul7JmltjiY-01025-00298181-00298461": "hector andres Negroni publisher equals", "oul7JmltjiY-01026-00298462-00298782": "Sociedad estate ole Quinto Centenario", "oul7JmltjiY-01027-00298783-00299221": "1992 ISBN 8 four seven eight four four", "oul7JmltjiY-01028-00299222-00299545": "one three eight seven 65th Infantry", "oul7JmltjiY-01029-00299546-00300127": "Division Turner publishing 1997 ISBN one", "oul7JmltjiY-01030-00300128-00300421": "five six three one one one one eight", "oul7JmltjiY-01031-00300422-00300484": "seven", "oul7JmltjiY-01032-00300485-00301035": "del Valle Pedro 1976 semper fidelis an", "oul7JmltjiY-01033-00301036-00301315": "autobiography Christian book club of", "oul7JmltjiY-01034-00301316-00301990": "america ASI NB ooo six co TKO a stave s", "oul7JmltjiY-01035-00301991-00302488": "general Luis Raul 1955 los soldados son", "oul7JmltjiY-01036-00302489-00302806": "hace San Juan Puerto Rico star", "oul7JmltjiY-01037-00302807-00303055": "Publishing Co archived from the original", "oul7JmltjiY-01038-00303056-00303529": "on the first of July 2007 retrieved the", "oul7JmltjiY-01039-00303530-00304042": "20th of March 2007 Gordie Bill 1945", "oul7JmltjiY-01040-00304043-00304372": "right to be proud history of the 65th", "oul7JmltjiY-01041-00304373-00304653": "Infantry Division's march across Germany", "oul7JmltjiY-01042-00304654-00305464": "J Wimmer ASI NB ooo 7 j 8 k 7 4 letterer", "oul7JmltjiY-01043-00305465-00305965": "commander william j us n 1950 the last", "oul7JmltjiY-01044-00305966-00306196": "crews the story of the sinking of the", "oul7JmltjiY-01045-00306197-00306901": "submarine USS Cochino Sloan ASI NB ooo 7", "oul7JmltjiY-01046-00306902-00307324": "e 6 3 1 y CS 1 Maine multiple names", "oul7JmltjiY-01047-00307325-00307597": "authors list link Hispanics in the", "oul7JmltjiY-01048-00307598-00308092": "defense of America America USA 1996 to", "oul7JmltjiY-01049-00308093-00308446": "2007 archived from the original on the", "oul7JmltjiY-01050-00308447-00308911": "11th of April 2007 retrieved the 19th of", "oul7JmltjiY-01051-00308912-00309349": "March 2007 stetson con Rosie angleman", "oul7JmltjiY-01052-00309350-00309532": "and Byron Fairchild", "oul7JmltjiY-01053-00309533-00309952": "thousand 1964 guarding the United States", "oul7JmltjiY-01054-00309953-00310285": "and its outposts US Army in World War", "oul7JmltjiY-01055-00310286-00310363": "two", "oul7JmltjiY-01056-00310364-00310600": "United States Army Center of military", "oul7JmltjiY-01057-00310601-00310743": "history", "oul7JmltjiY-01058-00310744-00311170": "CMH pub for - - retrieved the 18th of", "oul7JmltjiY-01059-00311171-00311659": "March 2007 u.s. Latino and Latina World", "oul7JmltjiY-01060-00311660-00312022": "War two oral history project University", "oul7JmltjiY-01061-00312023-00312538": "of Texas at Austin 1990 to 2007 archived", "oul7JmltjiY-01062-00312539-00312798": "from the original on the 8th of December", "oul7JmltjiY-01063-00312799-00313314": "2007 retrieved the 18th of March 2007", "oul7JmltjiY-01064-00313315-00313690": "Hispanic Americans in the US Army United", "oul7JmltjiY-01065-00313691-00314191": "States Army la SWAC s participation de", "oul7JmltjiY-01066-00314192-00314467": "la mujer boricua unless Seguin de Guerra", "oul7JmltjiY-01067-00314468-00314856": "mundial by Carmen Garcia Rosado one raw", "oul7JmltjiY-01068-00314857-00315271": "Odyssey on public odda an October 8 2006", "oul7JmltjiY-01069-00315272-00315607": "to da Odyssey on reverse ah de 2007", "oul7JmltjiY-01070-00315608-00315907": "raggy tro tro propiedad in textual ELA", "oul7JmltjiY-01071-00315908-00316240": "government of puerto rico number o 6 1 3", "oul7JmltjiY-01072-00316241-00316810": "P 1 a 3 9 9 Library of Congress TX y 1 3", "oul7JmltjiY-01073-00316811-00317444": "1 2 6 8 5", "oul7JmltjiY-01074-00317445-00317985": "topic see also", "oul7JmltjiY-01075-00317986-00318423": "military history of Puerto Rico camp las", "oul7JmltjiY-01076-00318424-00318948": "casas Porto Rican campaign Porto Ricans", "oul7JmltjiY-01077-00318949-00319308": "in World War one Porto Ricans in the", "oul7JmltjiY-01078-00319309-00319734": "Vietnam War 65th Infantry Regiment in", "oul7JmltjiY-01079-00319735-00320094": "the Korean War Porto Rican women in the", "oul7JmltjiY-01080-00320095-00320460": "military list of Puerto Rican military", "oul7JmltjiY-01081-00320461-00320802": "personnel Borinquen ears Congressional", "oul7JmltjiY-01082-00320803-00321324": "Gold Medal equals equals notes"}}, {"audio_id": "ouFDG0gc0fI", "text": {"ouFDG0gc0fI-00000-00000006-00000262": "there cannot be in no place in the world", "ouFDG0gc0fI-00001-00000263-00000503": "because it's just not possible there", "ouFDG0gc0fI-00002-00000504-00000793": "cannot be a true efficient", "ouFDG0gc0fI-00003-00000794-00001061": "anti-corruption system where there is", "ouFDG0gc0fI-00004-00001062-00001366": "not Independence of the Judiciary and it", "ouFDG0gc0fI-00005-00001367-00001582": "feels bizarre to have to say it out loud", "ouFDG0gc0fI-00006-00001583-00001787": "but because we have to State the obvious", "ouFDG0gc0fI-00007-00001788-00002129": "let's imagine let's imagine a member", "ouFDG0gc0fI-00008-00002130-00002351": "state where the son-in-law of the leader", "ouFDG0gc0fI-00009-00002352-00002560": "of the country has just been a welded", "ouFDG0gc0fI-00010-00002561-00002752": "attender in the context of public", "ouFDG0gc0fI-00011-00002753-00002875": "procurement", "ouFDG0gc0fI-00012-00002876-00003125": "concerning European phones all very", "ouFDG0gc0fI-00013-00003126-00003277": "fictional of course", "ouFDG0gc0fI-00014-00003278-00003520": "and all of this was done in mysterious", "ouFDG0gc0fI-00015-00003521-00003797": "ways there are a number of important", "ouFDG0gc0fI-00016-00003797-00004006": "problematic failures in the procedures", "ouFDG0gc0fI-00017-00004007-00004319": "and this this new tool that has been", "ouFDG0gc0fI-00018-00004320-00004499": "created and implemented in this country", "ouFDG0gc0fI-00019-00004500-00004811": "we could name it Integrity Authority", "ouFDG0gc0fI-00020-00004812-00005081": "um and it's it's just been created and", "ouFDG0gc0fI-00021-00005082-00005333": "it's a really independent monitoring", "ouFDG0gc0fI-00022-00005334-00005620": "body it has serious expertise and good", "ouFDG0gc0fI-00023-00005621-00005927": "stuff and it will bring the case to", "ouFDG0gc0fI-00024-00005928-00006025": "court", "ouFDG0gc0fI-00025-00006026-00006317": "plenty of fact plenty of evidence", "ouFDG0gc0fI-00026-00006318-00006460": "and then", "ouFDG0gc0fI-00027-00006461-00006755": "the president of the highest level of", "ouFDG0gc0fI-00028-00006756-00007037": "Justice in this country let's call it", "ouFDG0gc0fI-00029-00007038-00007213": "Supreme Court", "ouFDG0gc0fI-00030-00007214-00007505": "decides to allocate himself the case to", "ouFDG0gc0fI-00031-00007506-00007751": "a judge because you know he is a friend", "ouFDG0gc0fI-00032-00007752-00007991": "of the leader of the country he has been", "ouFDG0gc0fI-00033-00007992-00008255": "nominated as this at this job by friends", "ouFDG0gc0fI-00034-00008256-00008555": "of the leaders and he has the power to", "ouFDG0gc0fI-00035-00008556-00008855": "overrule on political cases still very", "ouFDG0gc0fI-00036-00008856-00009299": "theoretical and so he gives the case to", "ouFDG0gc0fI-00037-00009300-00009533": "a specific Judge another friend of all", "ouFDG0gc0fI-00038-00009534-00009785": "of these people all fans all sharing the", "ouFDG0gc0fI-00039-00009786-00010013": "same interests the same money and then", "ouFDG0gc0fI-00040-00010014-00010259": "of course the case dragzone and drugs on", "ouFDG0gc0fI-00041-00010260-00010523": "and Justice is never made end of the", "ouFDG0gc0fI-00042-00010524-00010828": "story how we can be studying on one side", "ouFDG0gc0fI-00043-00010829-00011092": "the 17 measures to fight anti-corruption", "ouFDG0gc0fI-00044-00011093-00011321": "in Hungary and on the other side not", "ouFDG0gc0fI-00045-00011322-00011609": "requesting a true plan of reforms for", "ouFDG0gc0fI-00046-00011610-00011996": "Judiciary bewilders me"}}, {"audio_id": "ouLTiUt1pkc", "text": {"ouLTiUt1pkc-00000-00000103-00000676": "[Music]", "ouLTiUt1pkc-00001-00000677-00001070": "[Music]", "ouLTiUt1pkc-00002-00001071-00001103": "and", "ouLTiUt1pkc-00003-00001104-00001439": "she said now that's a katana get new", "ouLTiUt1pkc-00004-00001440-00001759": "jokes yang guys shut up i just got the", "ouLTiUt1pkc-00005-00001760-00001791": "most", "ouLTiUt1pkc-00006-00001792-00002326": "incredible news what is it", "ouLTiUt1pkc-00007-00002327-00002767": "oh my gosh i can't wait", "ouLTiUt1pkc-00008-00002768-00003007": "your uncle crow isn't he the drunk", "ouLTiUt1pkc-00009-00003008-00003079": "loudmouth", "ouLTiUt1pkc-00010-00003080-00003375": "he prefers reckless rogue he's super", "ouLTiUt1pkc-00011-00003376-00003431": "cool", "ouLTiUt1pkc-00012-00003432-00003751": "all the time", "ouLTiUt1pkc-00013-00003752-00003975": "i suppose there are worse role models", "ouLTiUt1pkc-00014-00003976-00004095": "out there i mean", "ouLTiUt1pkc-00015-00004096-00004335": "he's definitely cool but i'm not sure", "ouLTiUt1pkc-00016-00004336-00004454": "i'd go as far to say", "ouLTiUt1pkc-00017-00004455-00005406": "role model i'm telling him you said that", "ouLTiUt1pkc-00018-00005407-00006231": "was that your uncle crow", "ouLTiUt1pkc-00019-00006232-00006614": "wait", "ouLTiUt1pkc-00020-00006615-00007428": "he's really cool", "ouLTiUt1pkc-00021-00007429-00008483": "[Music]", "ouLTiUt1pkc-00022-00008484-00008613": "so", "ouLTiUt1pkc-00023-00008614-00009735": "[Music]", "ouLTiUt1pkc-00024-00009736-00009895": "i'm taking you out to dinner tonight", "ouLTiUt1pkc-00025-00009896-00010287": "wear something pretty and don't be late", "ouLTiUt1pkc-00026-00010288-00010527": "okay that's it now you're being a yang", "ouLTiUt1pkc-00027-00010528-00010623": "man", "ouLTiUt1pkc-00028-00010624-00010863": "what weird thing are you guys doing", "ouLTiUt1pkc-00029-00010864-00010991": "yang's my new life coach", "ouLTiUt1pkc-00030-00010992-00011119": "she's teaching me to get what i want by", "ouLTiUt1pkc-00031-00011120-00011446": "being more assertive", "ouLTiUt1pkc-00032-00011447-00011729": "stop", "ouLTiUt1pkc-00033-00011730-00012417": "[Music]", "ouLTiUt1pkc-00034-00012418-00012683": "[Music]", "ouLTiUt1pkc-00035-00012684-00013071": "more", "ouLTiUt1pkc-00036-00013072-00013459": "don't", "ouLTiUt1pkc-00037-00013460-00013615": "[Music]", "ouLTiUt1pkc-00038-00013616-00013807": "now how about little appetizer before", "ouLTiUt1pkc-00039-00013808-00013919": "dinner", "ouLTiUt1pkc-00040-00013919-00014471": "ew i changed my mind", "ouLTiUt1pkc-00041-00014472-00014703": "okay message received may have gone too", "ouLTiUt1pkc-00042-00014704-00014815": "far", "ouLTiUt1pkc-00043-00014816-00015119": "can someone let me out please", "ouLTiUt1pkc-00044-00015119-00015703": "yeah he's not ready to be a young man", "ouLTiUt1pkc-00045-00015704-00015937": "yeah that makes sense", "ouLTiUt1pkc-00046-00015938-00016255": "[Music]", "ouLTiUt1pkc-00047-00016256-00016543": "not girls is what we call rolling snake", "ouLTiUt1pkc-00048-00016544-00016622": "eyes", "ouLTiUt1pkc-00049-00016623-00016807": "oh yeah look at that they look like", "ouLTiUt1pkc-00050-00016808-00016950": "little eyes oh", "ouLTiUt1pkc-00051-00016951-00017422": "cute hey guys what's going on up top", "ouLTiUt1pkc-00052-00017423-00017622": "uncle crow is teaching us important life", "ouLTiUt1pkc-00053-00017623-00017879": "lessons what kind of life lessons is he", "ouLTiUt1pkc-00054-00017880-00017967": "teaching you", "ouLTiUt1pkc-00055-00017968-00018158": "you know like love is for suckers and", "ouLTiUt1pkc-00056-00018159-00018279": "rules are for fools", "ouLTiUt1pkc-00057-00018280-00018519": "bro what are you telling my girls it's a", "ouLTiUt1pkc-00058-00018520-00018727": "harsh world out there ty", "ouLTiUt1pkc-00059-00018728-00018879": "i'm just teaching them what they need to", "ouLTiUt1pkc-00060-00018880-00019094": "know", "ouLTiUt1pkc-00061-00019095-00019279": "uh i've already taught them everything", "ouLTiUt1pkc-00062-00019280-00019439": "they need to know about", "ouLTiUt1pkc-00063-00019440-00019750": "justice honor and maintaining excellent", "ouLTiUt1pkc-00064-00019751-00019830": "oral hygiene", "ouLTiUt1pkc-00065-00019831-00020079": "great job girls it's okay dad you can", "ouLTiUt1pkc-00066-00020080-00020247": "teach us all the boring stuff and uncle", "ouLTiUt1pkc-00067-00020248-00020447": "crow can teach us all the cool stuff", "ouLTiUt1pkc-00068-00020448-00020735": "what but i'm cool too i'm a cool dad", "ouLTiUt1pkc-00069-00020736-00020794": "right", "ouLTiUt1pkc-00070-00020795-00021014": "[Laughter]", "ouLTiUt1pkc-00071-00021015-00021367": "good one dad wait were you serious", "ouLTiUt1pkc-00072-00021368-00021647": "but i have a tattoo and sweet cargo", "ouLTiUt1pkc-00073-00021648-00021727": "shorts", "ouLTiUt1pkc-00074-00021728-00022030": "yeah that's adorable come on girls let's", "ouLTiUt1pkc-00075-00022031-00022063": "go", "ouLTiUt1pkc-00076-00022064-00022612": "set off some uh illegal fireworks", "ouLTiUt1pkc-00077-00022613-00022999": "[Music]", "ouLTiUt1pkc-00078-00023000-00023303": "i can do anything crow can do", "ouLTiUt1pkc-00079-00023304-00023567": "break all the rules look at my messy", "ouLTiUt1pkc-00080-00023568-00023614": "hair", "ouLTiUt1pkc-00081-00023615-00023855": "then i spend an hour every day styling", "ouLTiUt1pkc-00082-00023856-00024119": "hey bartender give me another drink", "ouLTiUt1pkc-00083-00024120-00024494": "it's been two minutes since my last one", "ouLTiUt1pkc-00084-00024495-00025892": "it burns", "ouLTiUt1pkc-00085-00025893-00026255": "[Music]", "ouLTiUt1pkc-00086-00026256-00026607": "huh yo dude back from the gym", "ouLTiUt1pkc-00087-00026608-00027023": "i am sweaty gonna hop in the shower", "ouLTiUt1pkc-00088-00027024-00027358": "sounds good why'd you have to wake me up", "ouLTiUt1pkc-00089-00027360-00027527": "for that", "ouLTiUt1pkc-00090-00027527-00028351": "i don't care", "ouLTiUt1pkc-00091-00028352-00028670": "dad since when do you skateboard", "ouLTiUt1pkc-00092-00028672-00028862": "i've been skateboarding for years i", "ouLTiUt1pkc-00093-00028863-00028974": "guess you shouldn't notice because i'm", "ouLTiUt1pkc-00094-00028975-00029039": "so", "ouLTiUt1pkc-00095-00029039-00029351": "chill about it that's why", "ouLTiUt1pkc-00096-00029352-00029857": "you can stop now swipe stop", "ouLTiUt1pkc-00097-00029858-00030583": "[Music]", "ouLTiUt1pkc-00098-00030583-00031190": "hey girls check this out", "ouLTiUt1pkc-00099-00031191-00031467": "so much hurting", "ouLTiUt1pkc-00100-00031468-00032087": "[Music]", "ouLTiUt1pkc-00101-00032088-00032390": "hey there's that weird guy staring at us", "ouLTiUt1pkc-00102-00032391-00032527": "yeah i used to have some pretty sick", "ouLTiUt1pkc-00103-00032527-00032687": "moves when i was younger", "ouLTiUt1pkc-00104-00032688-00032999": "you want me to teach you my sick moves", "ouLTiUt1pkc-00105-00033000-00033359": "no that's okay dad", "ouLTiUt1pkc-00106-00033360-00033711": "dad are you okay", "ouLTiUt1pkc-00107-00033712-00033974": "why are you acting so weird lately i", "ouLTiUt1pkc-00108-00033975-00034135": "know how much you girls look up to your", "ouLTiUt1pkc-00109-00034136-00034302": "uncle crow because he's so", "ouLTiUt1pkc-00110-00034303-00034527": "cool i just want you to think that i'm", "ouLTiUt1pkc-00111-00034528-00034607": "cool too", "ouLTiUt1pkc-00112-00034608-00034911": "well dads aren't supposed to be cool", "ouLTiUt1pkc-00113-00034912-00035159": "they're supposed to be dads and you're", "ouLTiUt1pkc-00114-00035160-00035407": "the best dad in the whole world", "ouLTiUt1pkc-00115-00035408-00035646": "you really mean that yeah that's way", "ouLTiUt1pkc-00116-00035647-00035815": "better than being cool", "ouLTiUt1pkc-00117-00035816-00036039": "now please stop trying to get yourself", "ouLTiUt1pkc-00118-00036040-00036174": "killed", "ouLTiUt1pkc-00119-00036175-00036446": "well i guess i did all right if i raised", "ouLTiUt1pkc-00120-00036447-00036695": "girls like you", "ouLTiUt1pkc-00121-00036696-00036999": "well my work here is done", "ouLTiUt1pkc-00122-00037000-00037295": "but you didn't really do anything didn't", "ouLTiUt1pkc-00123-00037296-00037318": "i", "ouLTiUt1pkc-00124-00037319-00037767": "rabbit girl didn't i my name's velvet", "ouLTiUt1pkc-00125-00037768-00038127": "i don't care thank you so much for", "ouLTiUt1pkc-00126-00038128-00038311": "watching this episode of ruby tv", "ouLTiUt1pkc-00127-00038312-00038439": "uh we're gonna be releasing more and", "ouLTiUt1pkc-00128-00038440-00038623": "more on this channel every week so", "ouLTiUt1pkc-00129-00038624-00038862": "stay tuned uh like subscribe do things", "ouLTiUt1pkc-00130-00038863-00039030": "to bells uh if you wanna support the", "ouLTiUt1pkc-00131-00039031-00039190": "people that make this uh you can also", "ouLTiUt1pkc-00132-00039191-00039351": "check out i have notes", "ouLTiUt1pkc-00133-00039352-00039567": "our select all content uh even our live", "ouLTiUt1pkc-00134-00039568-00039727": "action content like it all goes to the", "ouLTiUt1pkc-00135-00039728-00039839": "same spot so", "ouLTiUt1pkc-00136-00039840-00040184": "uh thank you bye"}}, {"audio_id": "ouSPrzMcN9o", "text": {"ouSPrzMcN9o-00000-00000029-00000245": "business matters is brought to you in", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00001-00000246-00000526": "part by lionberger construction and", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00002-00000527-00000749": "Berglund Center where live entertainment", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00003-00000750-00001045": "lives in the Roanoke Valley", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00004-00001046-00001702": "[Music]", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00005-00001703-00001895": "hello and welcome to business matters a", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00006-00001896-00002063": "program on Blue Ridge PBS that strives", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00007-00002064-00002273": "to explore that subject from a variety", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00008-00002274-00002434": "of viewpoints and scenarios featuring", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00009-00002435-00002579": "interviews with the people helping to", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00010-00002580-00002776": "grow jobs the economy and the Blue Ridge", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00011-00002777-00003005": "region because business matters I'm Gene", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00012-00003006-00003203": "Moreno my guest on today's show is Lisa", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00013-00003204-00003365": "Garcia appointed director of the ramp", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00014-00003365-00003611": "business accelerator in July Lisa is", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00015-00003611-00003695": "also the vice president of", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00016-00003696-00003875": "entrepreneurial development we'll catch", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00017-00003876-00004061": "up on the latest happenings at ramp and", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00018-00004061-00004229": "with Verge the umbrella organization", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00019-00004230-00004397": "that also includes the Roanoke", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00020-00004398-00004606": "Blacksburg Technology Council Lisa", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00021-00004607-00004763": "thanks for joining us today thank you", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00022-00004764-00004913": "I'm so glad to be here you're a busy", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00023-00004914-00005201": "person huh yeah we're we are so busy so", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00024-00005202-00005375": "much happening now you succeeded Mary", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00025-00005376-00005602": "Miller I did not on the show before she", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00026-00005603-00005849": "retired as the the founding director I", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00027-00005850-00006088": "guess absolutely of ramp and she she", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00028-00006089-00006245": "leave things in pretty good shape she", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00029-00006246-00006413": "did oh my goodness we would not be where", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00030-00006414-00006731": "we are today without Mary Miller uh as", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00031-00006731-00006977": "everybody knows in this kind of work the", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00032-00006978-00007139": "first dollars the first customers are", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00033-00007140-00007348": "the hardest ones to get and Mary did", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00034-00007350-00007601": "that hard hard work so at this point is", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00035-00007602-00007703": "ramp", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00036-00007704-00007925": "the regional acceleration and mentoring", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00037-00007926-00008159": "program are you able to", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00038-00008159-00008507": "are you tracking the early cohorts came", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00039-00008508-00008674": "through and how are they doing they're", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00040-00008675-00008969": "doing really well so um we have at this", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00041-00008970-00009221": "point after five years about 33", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00042-00009222-00009395": "companies that we've worked with over", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00043-00009396-00009605": "the years over those five years", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00044-00009606-00009773": "um I've been involved with ramp as an", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00045-00009774-00009935": "instructor and a coach for four of those", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00046-00009936-00010156": "five years and", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00047-00010157-00010342": "um percentage-wise I can't name off the", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00048-00010343-00010577": "top of my head uh how many of those", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00049-00010578-00010864": "companies are still in business but the", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00050-00010865-00011206": "vast majority are as is the case with", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00051-00011207-00011488": "many startups they sometimes pivot to", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00052-00011489-00011592": "other", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00053-00011593-00011867": "venues they may may go out of business", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00054-00011868-00012185": "altogether we have one entrepreneur in", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00055-00012186-00012460": "the region who dropped the one business", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00056-00012461-00012653": "that she was doing started another one", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00057-00012654-00012935": "is wildly successful and she said she", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00058-00012936-00013079": "couldn't be where she is with her new", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00059-00013080-00013211": "business without having gone through", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00060-00013212-00013366": "ramps so you see all sorts of different", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00061-00013368-00013577": "paths people taking right interestingly", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00062-00013578-00013685": "there's probably people that have gone", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00063-00013686-00013799": "through ramp and I know this has", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00064-00013800-00014033": "happened uh even with the advancement", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00065-00014034-00014207": "Foundation With The Gauntlet program or", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00066-00014208-00014393": "people get halfway through with the", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00067-00014394-00014519": "mentoring and they say well wait a", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00068-00014519-00014680": "minute this is not what I should be", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00069-00014681-00014807": "doing or I should be doing it in a", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00070-00014808-00014975": "different way so I would imagine even", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00071-00014976-00015143": "when you were mentoring with ramp that", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00072-00015144-00015341": "you might have helped steer people in a", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00073-00015341-00015472": "different direction or it's nice to have", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00074-00015473-00015605": "another set of eyes on what you're doing", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00075-00015606-00015808": "yeah and I think Mary would say this as", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00076-00015809-00016066": "well we had one entrepreneur that came", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00077-00016068-00016258": "through I want to say about three years", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00078-00016259-00016667": "ago who was very passionate about the", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00079-00016668-00016919": "idea he had the direction he was heading", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00080-00016920-00017044": "he felt like he had some really good", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00081-00017045-00017243": "data that that was that was the right", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00082-00017244-00017458": "thing and what we teach and preach at", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00083-00017459-00017783": "ramp largely is customer Discovery so we", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00084-00017784-00017986": "asked these technologists and scientists", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00085-00017987-00018172": "and researchers to go out and talk to", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00086-00018173-00018299": "people that you think are going to be", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00087-00018300-00018461": "your customers and find out what their", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00088-00018462-00018761": "what their challenges are when he did", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00089-00018762-00018977": "this he came back the first week and", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00090-00018978-00019222": "said I don't have a business really yeah", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00091-00019223-00019529": "and um and we mark this as a as a", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00092-00019530-00019822": "success we don't want anybody to waste", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00093-00019823-00019997": "time energy or money on something that's", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00094-00019998-00020303": "not going to be successful and uh he's", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00095-00020304-00020567": "he is one of our success stories he he", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00096-00020568-00020836": "pivoted out of that path to starting a", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00097-00020837-00021113": "business into a healthcare space which", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00098-00021114-00021335": "originally his original idea was going", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00099-00021336-00021557": "to be something to serve that space but", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00100-00021558-00021694": "he's working in healthcare and doing", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00101-00021695-00021857": "very very well", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00102-00021858-00022043": "um and again he he took this skill set", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00103-00022044-00022300": "he learned at ramp and Innovation and", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00104-00022301-00022439": "Entrepreneurship happens inside", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00105-00022440-00022661": "organizations I'm sure it happens here", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00106-00022662-00022913": "as well so you need those people with an", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00107-00022914-00023113": "entrepreneurial mindset inside", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00108-00023114-00023399": "established businesses as well right I", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00109-00023400-00023536": "always find that fascinating when people", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00110-00023537-00023735": "pivot and one of the reasons I really", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00111-00023736-00023986": "liked Factory Man by Beth Macy which was", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00112-00023987-00024149": "about the Basset family trying to step", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00113-00024150-00024371": "stay one step ahead of the Imports", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00114-00024372-00024497": "coming in from Malaysian China and", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00115-00024498-00024725": "furniture and how you know family-run", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00116-00024726-00024880": "business how they", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00117-00024881-00025157": "just pivoted you know kept light on", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00118-00025158-00025300": "their feet and I was in manufacturing", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00119-00025301-00025433": "for a long time what you have to do when", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00120-00025434-00025606": "you have competitors so", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00121-00025607-00025828": "um yeah so so you really come into this", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00122-00025829-00026068": "this job with uh", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00123-00026069-00026249": "with ramp as the Director", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00124-00026250-00026531": "with a really different Insight you know", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00125-00026532-00026657": "as far as because you've been on the", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00126-00026658-00026867": "mentoring side of the business yeah so I", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00127-00026868-00027058": "I come in with a lot of different", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00128-00027060-00027340": "insights um based on my experience", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00129-00027341-00027611": "actually Beth Macy who wrote Factory man", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00130-00027612-00027761": "that you're referring to", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00131-00027762-00028001": "um she was a colleague of mine at my", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00132-00028002-00028120": "first job so I worked at the Roanoke", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00133-00028122-00028331": "Times okay I graduated I worked there a", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00134-00028332-00028577": "long time ago yeah so", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00135-00028577-00028793": "um so Beth and I we're in the same", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00136-00028794-00029146": "Newsroom at the time I graduated from", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00137-00029147-00029314": "Virginia Tech with a degree in Liberal", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00138-00029316-00029693": "Arts minor in business and so I've I've", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00139-00029694-00029890": "done a lot of different things most", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00140-00029891-00030077": "recently the last decade or so I've been", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00141-00030077-00030329": "working with tech translation Tech", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00142-00030330-00030461": "commercialization at the University", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00143-00030462-00030617": "level with the National Science", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00144-00030618-00030820": "Foundation and a little bit as an", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00145-00030822-00031102": "independent contractor with the Korea", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00146-00031104-00031361": "Innovation Center the U.S state", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00147-00031362-00031540": "Department's program called Global", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00148-00031541-00031655": "Innovation through science and", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00149-00031656-00031805": "technology so", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00150-00031806-00032051": "the the common theme throughout all of", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00151-00032052-00032308": "that is is a little bit what Beth does", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00152-00032310-00032483": "which is and I had talked to her about", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00153-00032483-00032645": "this recently and she said oh it's", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00154-00032645-00032909": "reporting 101 right it's going out and", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00155-00032910-00033101": "building these relationships with people", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00156-00033102-00033329": "it's it's finding out what is really", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00157-00033330-00033587": "going on so that in manufacturing as you", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00158-00033588-00033862": "mentioned uh We've what if we had to do", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00159-00033863-00034061": "in the United States is Pivot multiple", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00160-00034062-00034217": "times we've got to figure out what's", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00161-00034218-00034505": "going to work here in our context in", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00162-00034506-00034727": "order to be successful and sometimes the", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00163-00034728-00034840": "answer is", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00164-00034841-00035051": "you know what used to work just isn't", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00165-00035052-00035279": "going to work anymore right right", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00166-00035280-00035423": "um yeah it's interesting", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00167-00035424-00035723": "um and would you talk about it like the", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00168-00035724-00035915": "translation and all that thing is that", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00169-00035916-00036077": "is that basically about taking bright", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00170-00036078-00036196": "ideas", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00171-00036197-00036424": "that happened in college and", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00172-00036425-00036545": "kind of get them over the commercial", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00173-00036546-00036712": "side that type of thing it is there's a", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00174-00036713-00036845": "lot of great ideas but can they be", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00175-00036846-00036995": "commercial in there how do people get", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00176-00036996-00037133": "there yeah so the National Science", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00177-00037134-00037445": "Foundation our tax dollars uh get", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00178-00037446-00037762": "invested into universities uh in to the", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00179-00037763-00037931": "tune of billions of dollars", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00180-00037932-00038183": "Congress our representative said you", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00181-00038184-00038362": "know we need to see more of what happens", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00182-00038363-00038609": "with that research come back out to the", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00183-00038610-00038818": "community in the marketplace and so", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00184-00038819-00039065": "there was a about 10 years ago there was", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00185-00039066-00039311": "a program created called i-core and so", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00186-00039312-00039671": "it's I for Innovation hyphen c-o-r-p-s", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00187-00039672-00039862": "and I've worked with that program for", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00188-00039863-00040168": "about six years and the the idea was to", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00189-00040169-00040324": "educate", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00190-00040325-00040396": "um", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00191-00040397-00040745": "deep science technologists bench people", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00192-00040746-00041002": "lab people that have great ideas and", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00193-00041003-00041261": "research intellectual property that's", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00194-00041262-00041518": "inside a university to help them see how", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00195-00041519-00041699": "could they take that to Market and to", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00196-00041700-00041968": "figure out is there any business Market", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00197-00041969-00042190": "Commercial application for that", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00198-00042191-00042383": "intellectual property", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00199-00042384-00042545": "do the students get involved with the", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00200-00042546-00042718": "i-core program at all like if this if", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00201-00042719-00042868": "the student hatches a great idea while", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00202-00042869-00043168": "they're in school they do so um often at", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00203-00043169-00043402": "the student level in that program you'd", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00204-00043403-00043630": "be talking about graduate students so it", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00205-00043631-00043829": "would be somebody the pi the principal", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00206-00043830-00044039": "investigator a faculty member who's got", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00207-00044040-00044230": "grad students working with him or her", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00208-00044231-00044543": "they would be paired with the um", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00209-00044544-00044789": "business and industry mentor and they go", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00210-00044790-00044957": "through i-core which is a 12-week", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00211-00044958-00045037": "program", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00212-00045038-00045479": "as a team and the expectation is that", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00213-00045480-00045658": "they do a hundred customer Discovery", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00214-00045659-00045839": "interviews over the period of 12 weeks", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00215-00045840-00046145": "which is a lot we've had students and", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00216-00046146-00046417": "actually one one of the most successful", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00217-00046418-00046637": "Stories We like to tell us about a young", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00218-00046638-00046955": "man who did 120 customer Discovery", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00219-00046956-00047177": "interviews during the program never", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00220-00047178-00047368": "slept One Night in his bed there's a", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00221-00047369-00047615": "grant that the NSF gives to those teams", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00222-00047616-00047890": "for travel and so he was all over the", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00223-00047891-00048124": "United States pre-pandemic of course", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00224-00048125-00048502": "right so a lot of it is virtual now but", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00225-00048503-00048743": "still still the same thing and what", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00226-00048744-00049062": "we've been doing a series here with PBS", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00227-00049063-00049535": "and interviewing investors funders for", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00228-00049536-00049865": "startups and and all of them say we want", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00229-00049866-00050074": "to hear what customer data do you have", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00230-00050075-00050374": "who have you talked to about you know it", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00231-00050375-00050524": "can't be just a great idea that you", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00232-00050525-00050711": "think is a great idea and your parents", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00233-00050712-00050830": "think it's a great idea and your", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00234-00050831-00051046": "colleagues we've got to find out does", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00235-00051047-00051214": "anybody out in the market actually care", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00236-00051215-00051388": "about what you're selling right so these", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00237-00051389-00051502": "students that we're going out were they", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00238-00051503-00051707": "were they getting customer potential", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00239-00051708-00051887": "customer feedback on something they had", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00240-00051888-00052163": "thought about or they had hatched", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00241-00052164-00052379": "um sometimes yes and sometimes you know", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00242-00052379-00052547": "it's a team effort with a with a", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00243-00052548-00052847": "principal investigator and and again", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00244-00052848-00053032": "what's a little different about customer", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00245-00053033-00053176": "Discovery and the way it's taught is", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00246-00053177-00053500": "you're going out largely to the the uh", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00247-00053501-00053657": "the potential markets and customer", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00248-00053658-00053873": "segments and asking them what's top of", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00249-00053874-00054076": "Mind as as far as problems that they're", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00250-00054077-00054359": "having and challenges everybody has a", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00251-00054360-00054629": "rank order of criteria and things that", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00252-00054629-00054880": "are bothering them we could we often use", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00253-00054882-00055030": "an example when we're doing training", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00254-00055032-00055235": "around cell phones and smartphones or", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00255-00055236-00055469": "say what are the top things that you", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00256-00055470-00055685": "don't like about your cell phone it", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00257-00055686-00055919": "doesn't matter what idea or app or or", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00258-00055920-00056147": "feature that I have created I want to", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00259-00056148-00056375": "know what's top of mind and then I need", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00260-00056376-00056632": "to know are we on that list at all so", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00261-00056633-00056980": "maybe the The Innovation or solution I", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00262-00056982-00057154": "have can solve the thing that's number", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00263-00057155-00057419": "10 on your list that's really not a", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00264-00057420-00057569": "business we need to be up in the top", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00265-00057570-00057779": "three or four to really have something", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00266-00057779-00057929": "that somebody's going to change their", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00267-00057929-00058157": "behavior or buy something", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00268-00058158-00058342": "right you need to get out of that Silo", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00269-00058344-00058492": "you can get stuck in that Silo where you", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00270-00058494-00058594": "think you've got the best things in", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00271-00058595-00058697": "sliced bread", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00272-00058698-00058925": "but it's probably pretty interesting", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00273-00058926-00059032": "when they get out in the field and", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00274-00059033-00059242": "somebody goes oh I already got that or I", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00275-00059244-00059453": "got that here or these people do it yeah", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00276-00059454-00059675": "I was with one of my business partners I", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00277-00059676-00059929": "was on a um a project that was being fed", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00278-00059929-00060173": "funded by the federal government and", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00279-00060174-00060371": "they wanted to give us more money and", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00280-00060372-00060587": "our competition for the technology we", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00281-00060588-00060930": "had which had to do with sensors for", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00282-00060932-00061259": "infants that were born premature was", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00283-00061260-00061421": "fantastic it could do a lot of things", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00284-00061422-00061630": "our competition and the solution that", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00285-00061632-00061823": "was currently being used was a paper", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00286-00061824-00061930": "checklist", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00287-00061932-00062111": "right so you have this high-tech", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00288-00062112-00062399": "solution and this very simple", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00289-00062400-00062585": "process that was in place that was", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00290-00062586-00062807": "working for what it was", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00291-00062808-00063041": "um my business partner said yeah we're", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00292-00063041-00063185": "not taking the money we can't beat the", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00293-00063186-00063407": "piece of paper because the sensors we", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00294-00063408-00063616": "had could not do all the things on the", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00295-00063617-00063773": "piece of paper checklist we couldn't", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00296-00063774-00063971": "beat what they were already doing and I", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00297-00063972-00064115": "was like but they're right they want to", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00298-00064116-00064391": "give us money right that was fun me but", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00299-00064391-00064637": "the answer was no it's would there be a", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00300-00064638-00064816": "market for it I think we're going to pay", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00301-00064817-00064925": "a bunch of money for something they can", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00302-00064926-00065116": "check off the paper that's right the", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00303-00065117-00065375": "answer was no so technically speaking", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00304-00065376-00065638": "there were aspects we did better and you", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00305-00065639-00065855": "have to be really careful when I when an", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00306-00065856-00066082": "entrepreneur or you know an inventor", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00307-00066083-00066341": "says but I'm better and it's like you", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00308-00066342-00066556": "may Define better but to the people out", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00309-00066557-00066773": "here is that a better solution how did", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00310-00066774-00067031": "they Define better I'm wondering when", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00311-00067032-00067259": "either when people are trying to get", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00312-00067260-00067571": "into the cohort or the candidates", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00313-00067572-00067775": "um are they doing patent searches or are", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00314-00067776-00067900": "you helping them with that to make sure", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00315-00067901-00068075": "that what they're what they've come up", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00316-00068076-00068261": "with is not that there's some similar", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00317-00068262-00068543": "patent already in place that's a that's", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00318-00068544-00068747": "a relevant question because it has come", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00319-00068748-00069106": "up in the past we don't do necessarily a", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00320-00069107-00069335": "lot of due diligence on patents as as a", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00321-00069336-00069659": "regular thing but we do have mentors and", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00322-00069660-00069881": "volunteers that have dedicated", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00323-00069882-00070109": "leadership in the region that do work", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00324-00070110-00070306": "with folks around legal questions and", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00325-00070307-00070463": "that sort of thing so it's so it does", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00326-00070464-00070703": "come up occasionally but is not a large", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00327-00070704-00070967": "focus of the the staff of ramp to be", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00328-00070968-00071188": "doing any sort of patent searches you", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00329-00071189-00071321": "know it's interesting going back to the", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00330-00071322-00071488": "whole entrepreneurial program at Tech", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00331-00071489-00071723": "and all that that even in", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00332-00071724-00071915": "Roanoke Valley with a couple of liberal", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00333-00071916-00072131": "arts schools here Hollins and Roanoke", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00334-00072132-00072335": "College they both have instituted", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00335-00072336-00072587": "entrepreneurship programs you know you", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00336-00072588-00072755": "go to a liberal arts school you go to", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00337-00072756-00072929": "Hollins or something you study the Arts", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00338-00072930-00073156": "or whatever that they want to be able to", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00339-00073157-00073432": "indoctrinate or show students", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00340-00073433-00073576": "here's how you can possibly make money", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00341-00073577-00073823": "off of this that type of thing so and I", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00342-00073824-00074038": "know that um Roanoke College has an", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00343-00074039-00074237": "entrepreneurship program too that so", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00344-00074238-00074417": "basically I think that's part of the", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00345-00074418-00074579": "whole thing of going to school is you", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00346-00074580-00074711": "can figure out what you want to do but", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00347-00074712-00074944": "also how you can make money so I think", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00348-00074945-00075106": "it's a good idea to get kids thinking", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00349-00075107-00075317": "about starting businesses growing", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00350-00075318-00075467": "businesses that type of thing no matter", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00351-00075468-00075659": "what they're going to school for yeah", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00352-00075660-00075953": "it's um it's something we like to help", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00353-00075954-00076115": "with at ramp as well in fact we're", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00354-00076116-00076247": "partnered with Virginia Western", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00355-00076248-00076475": "Community College and we'll be running a", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00356-00076476-00076732": "short course on entrepreneurship next", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00357-00076733-00076937": "month for some of their students and", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00358-00076938-00077206": "we've done that in the past and Amy", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00359-00077207-00077591": "white who's you probably know said that", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00360-00077592-00077771": "the feedback for the last course that", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00361-00077772-00078053": "was done at ramp from the students was I", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00362-00078054-00078293": "had no idea you know I thought I was", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00363-00078294-00078443": "coming in I was taking I was going to", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00364-00078444-00078593": "get this kind of certificate or degree", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00365-00078594-00078856": "and that my only choices were this this", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00366-00078857-00079153": "and this I never knew so", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00367-00079154-00079379": "entrepreneurship or an entrepreneurial", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00368-00079380-00079655": "mindset for students whether they end up", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00369-00079656-00079847": "working inside a big company or starting", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00370-00079848-00080081": "some Venture on their own is a really", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00371-00080082-00080279": "important aspect I think of professional", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00372-00080280-00080447": "development to understand you have", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00373-00080448-00080650": "options yeah it's good if you want to be", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00374-00080651-00080812": "a product manager too which absolutely I", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00375-00080813-00081082": "demand these days yeah product manager", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00376-00081083-00081197": "um you're also the vice president of", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00377-00081198-00081347": "entrepreneurial development that's under", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00378-00081348-00081629": "the The Verge umbrella talk about that", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00379-00081630-00081838": "and talk about what exactly Verge is as", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00380-00081839-00082085": "sort of a conglomeration of a couple", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00381-00082086-00082415": "separate organizations yeah so Verge was", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00382-00082416-00082493": "um", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00383-00082494-00082787": "has been a new iteration of the the", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00384-00082788-00083026": "Coalition or the alliances we like to", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00385-00083027-00083399": "call it here in the region so we have", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00386-00083400-00083681": "ramp which is the leading program for", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00387-00083682-00083915": "all of Southwest Virginia for uh as a", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00388-00083916-00084119": "business accelerator for technology and", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00389-00084120-00084400": "biotechnology then we have rbtc that's", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00390-00084401-00084731": "again both under the parent organization", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00391-00084732-00085012": "Verge and the Roanoke Blacksburg", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00392-00085013-00085235": "Technology Council is the only one in", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00393-00085236-00085432": "the Commonwealth of Virginia a tech", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00394-00085433-00085643": "Council that is directly Affiliated and", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00395-00085644-00085906": "connected to a business accelerator so", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00396-00085907-00086206": "it creates this um excuse me creates", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00397-00086207-00086411": "this soft Landing space for anybody in", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00398-00086412-00086694": "technology to both be associated with", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00399-00086695-00086999": "startup and entrepreneurial work going", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00400-00087000-00087209": "on at the same time they have these", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00401-00087210-00087365": "colleagues that are all focused on", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00402-00087366-00087469": "technology", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00403-00087470-00087700": "and again Verge the overarching", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00404-00087701-00087965": "organization we work to build coalitions", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00405-00087966-00088223": "with all the entities in the region that", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00406-00088224-00088456": "affect Economic Development around Tech", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00407-00088457-00088675": "trans isolation Tech commercialization", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00408-00088676-00088973": "and we all know that some of those", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00409-00088974-00089171": "players include the Freeland biomedical", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00410-00089172-00089382": "research institute here in Roanoke", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00411-00089383-00089668": "carillion Virginia Tech and Blacksburg", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00412-00089669-00089867": "the scientists and researchers in that", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00413-00089868-00090161": "space economic developers like Mark", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00414-00090162-00090437": "Nelson here in the city of Roanoke Amy", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00415-00090438-00090587": "white at Virginia Western Community", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00416-00090588-00090685": "College", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00417-00090686-00090965": "the work that you're seeing in this in", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00418-00090966-00091235": "this small space at the Gill memorial", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00419-00091236-00091582": "building with ramp and rbtc and Verge", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00420-00091583-00091865": "touches so many so many many other", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00421-00091866-00092135": "spaces and places it takes it takes", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00422-00092136-00092291": "hundreds of people to make the kind of", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00423-00092292-00092512": "impact we're making it's not it's not", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00424-00092513-00092711": "four or five people or ten it's it's", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00425-00092712-00092879": "hundreds right I mean correct me if I'm", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00426-00092880-00093047": "wrong but the rbtc members some of them", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00427-00093048-00093268": "act as mentors absolutely in the ramp", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00428-00093269-00093485": "program for the cohort members they did", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00429-00093486-00093694": "yeah and I know that uh like Mark Nelson", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00430-00093695-00093850": "likes to talk about the entrepreneurial", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00431-00093851-00094073": "ecosystem here yeah you know the", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00432-00094074-00094247": "Franklin biomedical research institute", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00433-00094248-00094505": "you know they're looking to put a shared", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00434-00094506-00094775": "lab space in place same thing down at", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00435-00094776-00095003": "the corporate Research Center yeah it's", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00436-00095004-00095243": "being built out right now right we just", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00437-00095244-00095393": "hired somebody that's going to work with", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00438-00095394-00095561": "us with the space you're talking about", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00439-00095562-00095800": "here in Roanoke that startup Studio", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00440-00095801-00095993": "that's going to be there that's a", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00441-00095994-00096197": "partnership with Johnson and Johnson's J", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00442-00096198-00096485": "Labs program ramp is working toward", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00443-00096486-00096805": "directly with jlabs to make sure that", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00444-00096806-00097150": "biotech very early stage biotech", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00445-00097151-00097438": "entrepreneurs will be ready to apply and", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00446-00097439-00097649": "be a part of the jlabs program which is", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00447-00097650-00097865": "very well funded and very well regarded", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00448-00097866-00098056": "internationally I think with Johnson and", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00449-00098057-00098303": "Johnson they developed one of the covet", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00450-00098304-00098435": "vaccines are they looking to get in", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00451-00098436-00098675": "there and basically give these uh", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00452-00098676-00098818": "programs or whatever they're working on", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00453-00098819-00099053": "a head start on on they do and they do", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00454-00099054-00099232": "have Focus areas much like the", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00455-00099233-00099431": "Commonwealth Virginia has said these are", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00456-00099432-00099599": "the assets that we have from a", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00457-00099600-00099853": "technological and an intellectual asset", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00458-00099854-00100211": "map landscape across the Commonwealth of", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00459-00100212-00100367": "Virginia for instance we focus on", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00460-00100368-00100606": "autonomous systems is one of our areas", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00461-00100607-00100967": "where we Excel Johnson and Johnson and J", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00462-00100968-00101188": "Labs have specific areas that they want", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00463-00101189-00101399": "to focus as well so so they do have", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00464-00101400-00101585": "Focus areas and they're looking to to", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00465-00101586-00101759": "support that kind of early stage work", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00466-00101760-00101921": "you know I was looking at the latest", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00467-00101922-00102088": "cohort which is going to have their demo", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00468-00102089-00102317": "day in December", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00469-00102318-00102592": "um it's kind of all all over the map I", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00470-00102593-00102760": "thought one one was interesting was the", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00471-00102761-00102982": "um a company that wants to help work on", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00472-00102983-00103132": "a technology that could help create a", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00473-00103133-00103278": "chain of battery", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00474-00103279-00103625": "manufacturers in the U.S kind of fill in", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00475-00103626-00103792": "that supply chain that sounds like a", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00476-00103793-00104123": "really neat idea it is I love the", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00477-00104124-00104310": "impetus for what they're doing so", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00478-00104311-00104525": "everybody knows that the political", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00479-00104526-00104704": "landscape has been", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00480-00104705-00104927": "always changing right but it seems even", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00481-00104928-00105227": "more disrupted in in recent years which", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00482-00105228-00105515": "has disrupted Supply chains what we can", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00483-00105516-00105719": "Import and Export in the United States", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00484-00105720-00106001": "has shifted quite a great deal there's", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00485-00106002-00106277": "uh hundreds if not thousands of pickup", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00486-00106278-00106415": "trucks right now in the United States", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00487-00106416-00106619": "that people are buying and they're", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00488-00106620-00106786": "sitting there and they're waiting on one", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00489-00106788-00107033": "part sure yeah as soon as that gets", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00490-00107033-00107152": "there they can put it in and you can", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00491-00107153-00107345": "have your truck right the we've never", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00492-00107346-00107519": "had that situation really in the United", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00493-00107520-00107836": "States before so Fermi energy the", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00494-00107838-00107986": "company that you're referencing in the", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00495-00107988-00108281": "current cohort is intellectual property", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00496-00108282-00108431": "that's been developed at Virginia Tech", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00497-00108432-00108766": "these two Founders are one is a faculty", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00498-00108767-00109151": "member at Virginia Tech and the thought", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00499-00109152-00109471": "there was we are very dependent for", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00500-00109472-00109708": "electric vehicle batteries that are", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00501-00109709-00109957": "created with raw materials out of China", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00502-00109958-00110423": "and so they've come up with a", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00503-00110424-00110639": "a way to create electric vehicle", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00504-00110640-00110819": "batteries here in the United States", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00505-00110820-00111016": "using raw materials that we can easily", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00506-00111017-00111160": "Source without being dependent on", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00507-00111161-00111334": "countries outside the United States", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00508-00111335-00111539": "right I think it's interesting and I", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00509-00111540-00111731": "think uh I think really for many years", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00510-00111732-00112001": "until covet laid everything bare we we", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00511-00112002-00112175": "sort of took for granted okay we can get", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00512-00112176-00112378": "this cheap from China or Taiwan or", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00513-00112379-00112589": "didn't we yeah very you know and then", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00514-00112590-00112757": "really coveted you know and that's", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00515-00112758-00112943": "really a lot of the reasons for the", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00516-00112944-00113195": "inflation is is this yeah you know", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00517-00113196-00113404": "there's a shortage of people making this", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00518-00113405-00113645": "stuff and you know Congress has passed a", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00519-00113646-00113890": "chips act which could be um chip", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00520-00113891-00114101": "factories built in the U.S be kind of", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00521-00114102-00114233": "neat if they came out of ramp The", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00522-00114233-00114407": "Battery Technology people and they set", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00523-00114408-00114604": "up shop here in Southwest Virginia huh", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00524-00114605-00114815": "yeah yeah and we just don't know right", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00525-00114816-00115001": "we don't know what what the future holds", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00526-00115002-00115139": "and", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00527-00115140-00115378": "um this reminds me we worked with", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00528-00115379-00115636": "entrepreneurs out of you know or I have", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00529-00115638-00115978": "you know I say we some other people I", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00530-00115979-00116152": "work with not ramps specifically but", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00531-00116153-00116375": "we've worked with entrepreneurs from", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00532-00116376-00116543": "University is all across the United", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00533-00116544-00116833": "States who come up with these ideas", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00534-00116833-00117202": "based on regulations they think are", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00535-00117203-00117371": "going to happen or they believe", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00536-00117372-00117586": "eventually these things will happen", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00537-00117588-00117845": "which is really not not a great way to", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00538-00117846-00117977": "build a business because you never know", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00539-00117978-00118181": "what the political political landscape", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00540-00118182-00118501": "is going to be right but in this case", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00541-00118502-00118739": "this is you know it's like a dependence", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00542-00118740-00118943": "on oil or something right it's very", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00543-00118944-00119201": "clear that the more energy independent", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00544-00119202-00119375": "this nation can be the stronger that", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00545-00119376-00119560": "we're going to be just", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00546-00119561-00119777": "um if you hold into the whims of other", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00547-00119778-00120010": "countries or whatever right yeah or or", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00548-00120011-00120184": "Supply chains or those kinds of things", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00549-00120185-00120443": "so this is something that's been touted", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00550-00120444-00120586": "in the United States in a variety of", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00551-00120588-00120899": "spaces for a long long time but right", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00552-00120900-00121127": "now this is the near-term thing that's", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00553-00121128-00121336": "happening that that people can relate to", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00554-00121338-00121666": "right I think I I heard something this", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00555-00121667-00121871": "morning uh that you know the the energy", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00556-00121872-00122057": "crisis and the higher energy crisis and", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00557-00122058-00122160": "all that", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00558-00122161-00122410": "which hopefully is fairly temporary but", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00559-00122411-00122710": "it is really pushing more momentum", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00560-00122711-00122951": "towards alternative energy sources that", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00561-00122952-00123395": "time yeah yeah", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00562-00123396-00123683": "actually and I have a friend in Poland", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00563-00123683-00123875": "and the UK that I work with and some", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00564-00123876-00124097": "others and you know to hear what they're", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00565-00124098-00124378": "going through and realizing we could be", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00566-00124379-00124540": "right in that space at some point as", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00567-00124541-00124619": "well", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00568-00124620-00124925": "um you know the United States is much", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00569-00124926-00125147": "more diverse and where we can get things", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00570-00125148-00125404": "than some of the smaller countries but", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00571-00125405-00125633": "um you know we we could be facing", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00572-00125633-00125843": "similar crises mm-hmm", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00573-00125844-00125951": "you know I wanted to bring up something", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00574-00125952-00126149": "you work you you've done work done you", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00575-00126150-00126310": "you're from Blacksburg you've done work", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00576-00126311-00126407": "there", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00577-00126408-00126731": "uh ramp is here uh", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00578-00126732-00126893": "it would just seem that if there was", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00579-00126894-00127060": "some way to draw the talent from the two", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00580-00127061-00127313": "valleys closer together you know where", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00581-00127314-00127534": "uh you know it seems like they're almost", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00582-00127535-00127840": "two separate valleys but do you see that", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00583-00127841-00128015": "there is more work between the two", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00584-00128016-00128302": "valleys yeah I and I have to credit", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00585-00128303-00128525": "um again all those people that that have", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00586-00128526-00128707": "brought things to where they are today", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00587-00128708-00128999": "Aaron Burcham the president of verge has", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00588-00129000-00129293": "has really done a great job beating that", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00589-00129294-00129478": "drum and and saying you know this this", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00590-00129479-00129695": "work is about Coalition building and", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00591-00129696-00129952": "collaboration and you know I'll point", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00592-00129953-00130121": "back to the National Science Foundation", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00593-00130122-00130439": "right now ramp and Verge are part of uh", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00594-00130440-00130690": "two NSF engines proposals that are going", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00595-00130691-00130919": "out and the National Science found these", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00596-00130920-00131225": "are big big uh grant opportunities but", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00597-00131226-00131519": "the National Science Foundation has put", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00598-00131520-00131759": "out to the United States we want to see", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00599-00131760-00131902": "we're willing to put hundreds of", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00600-00131903-00132251": "millions of dollars into startup and", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00601-00132252-00132487": "Science and Technology commercialization", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00602-00132488-00132821": "if we see that you are working across", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00603-00132822-00133085": "wide Geographic Footprints with a", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00604-00133086-00133283": "variety of organizations interesting", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00605-00133284-00133516": "that are under-resourced", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00606-00133517-00133877": "so you know from the top down we are", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00607-00133878-00134111": "being told and said in in being", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00608-00134112-00134357": "encouraged get together people work", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00609-00134358-00134633": "across Geographic boundaries so we are", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00610-00134634-00134807": "seeing more and more the Roanoke and the", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00611-00134808-00135047": "new river valleys working together we're", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00612-00135048-00135263": "seeing more and more physical assets", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00613-00135264-00135466": "that are connected right so you have", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00614-00135467-00135689": "here in Roanoke we have many things that", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00615-00135690-00135869": "belong to Virginia Tech who are founded", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00616-00135870-00136013": "by Virginia that really has helped draw", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00617-00136014-00136264": "the two valleys fbri and the medical", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00618-00136265-00136477": "school yeah right absolutely", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00619-00136478-00136685": "you know and I've been commuting back", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00620-00136686-00136937": "and forth a lot between Roanoke and", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00621-00136938-00137183": "Blacksburg and you know it's always busy", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00622-00137184-00137416": "that ride is always busy I know it's I", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00623-00137417-00137699": "moved down here over 25 years ago 81 is", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00624-00137700-00137878": "a lot busier than it is a lot busier", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00625-00137879-00138083": "right it is a lot busier in fact there's", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00626-00138084-00138299": "a um I was just talking to somebody last", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00627-00138300-00138611": "night at science on tap I believe is the", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00628-00138612-00138971": "the event that was in Blacksburg and um", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00629-00138972-00139252": "we were talking about ways to talk about", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00630-00139253-00139504": "innovation in the region with a", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00631-00139505-00139673": "leadership group and there's a there's", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00632-00139674-00139823": "an activity called the startup bus", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00633-00139824-00140027": "that's you'll have to look it up it's a", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00634-00140028-00140147": "fun thing and I was thinking we should", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00635-00140148-00140416": "do a startup bus using the SmartWay bus", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00636-00140417-00140621": "sure you know between Roanoke and", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00637-00140622-00140801": "Blacksburg you get a group of people on", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00638-00140802-00140999": "the bus they go a certain distance and", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00639-00141000-00141166": "during that time that they're on the bus", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00640-00141167-00141407": "they come up with ideas and pitches for", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00641-00141408-00141659": "businesses well that's a great idea I", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00642-00141660-00141814": "almost think the train when it comes is", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00643-00141815-00142013": "going to help too go back and forth get", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00644-00142014-00142247": "it if there's a connection to Tech from", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00645-00142248-00142451": "the train I really think that's going to", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00646-00142452-00142745": "help because you know look in New York", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00647-00142746-00143009": "or Boston San Francisco It's Not Unusual", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00648-00143010-00143171": "to be on the road for an hour commuting", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00649-00143172-00143477": "with traffic and distance but uh here it", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00650-00143478-00143723": "is sometimes that topography hitting up", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00651-00143724-00143861": "heading up Christiansburg Mountain I", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00652-00143862-00143987": "think it's something puts an impediment", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00653-00143988-00144143": "sometimes well it's what people are used", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00654-00144144-00144401": "to right and familiar with and I I do", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00655-00144402-00144557": "think that the big", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00656-00144558-00144821": "um Coalition building aspect to all of", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00657-00144822-00144964": "this is how much time people spend", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00658-00144965-00145199": "together right and and it's any I think", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00659-00145200-00145373": "what you're speaking to is how easy can", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00660-00145374-00145577": "we make it how much friction can we take", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00661-00145578-00145787": "out of the system so people can spend", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00662-00145788-00146099": "time together I think um there's there's", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00663-00146100-00146387": "so many things that rbtc does to bring", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00664-00146388-00146669": "people together into common space Tech", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00665-00146670-00146981": "night this last year was record crowd we", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00666-00146982-00147245": "had over 400 people the rbtc Drew in for", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00667-00147246-00147485": "that event and you know no matter where", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00668-00147486-00147659": "I was if I was talking to somebody or", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00669-00147660-00147778": "walking through that crowd you could", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00670-00147779-00147935": "hear people saying oh my gosh it's so", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00671-00147936-00148085": "good to be back in person it's so good", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00672-00148086-00148264": "to see people yeah it is right so I", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00673-00148265-00148433": "think we're craving that and at the same", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00674-00148434-00148559": "time I think we're a little nervous", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00675-00148560-00148877": "about being back in in person or we're", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00676-00148878-00149021": "more inclined to say I could just do", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00677-00149022-00149231": "that on Zoom yeah and I think we find we", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00678-00149232-00149423": "have found ways to use zoom where it's", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00679-00149424-00149614": "still applicable absolutely and I know", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00680-00149615-00149854": "the politicians have Tim Kaine and Mark", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00681-00149855-00150028": "Warner do pressures like almost every", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00682-00150029-00150221": "week on Zoom they never did that before", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00683-00150222-00150377": "have about a minute left I'm just", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00684-00150378-00150611": "wondering um this is sum up do you see", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00685-00150612-00150964": "Lisa momentum building in the valley in", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00686-00150965-00151109": "the ecosystem this entrepreneurial", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00687-00151110-00151277": "ecosystem where you know things could", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00688-00151278-00151547": "bust out yeah you can feel it like the", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00689-00151548-00151690": "energy it's like the flywheel effect", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00690-00151691-00151931": "right it's it's you spend a little it's", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00691-00151932-00152081": "been a little and then it gets this it", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00692-00152082-00152237": "gets this momentum and then all of a", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00693-00152238-00152423": "sudden it takes off right", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00694-00152424-00152716": "um You can feel it happening and I you", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00695-00152717-00152933": "know I feel within the next 12 to 24", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00696-00152934-00153221": "months you know those those poor people", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00697-00153222-00153407": "are feeling those core organizations", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00698-00153408-00153575": "they're seeing it and feeling and then", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00699-00153576-00153737": "that's going to Ripple out you know it's", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00700-00153738-00153940": "going to become so apparent to the", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00701-00153941-00154078": "people that are not directly touching", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00702-00154079-00154289": "wow what happened that feels like an", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00703-00154290-00154481": "overnight change but it's been going on", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00704-00154482-00154678": "for years right all right sounds good", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00705-00154679-00154889": "Elisa Garcia with uh ramp and Verge", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00706-00154890-00154973": "we're going to have to leave it there", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00707-00154974-00155093": "but Lisa thanks for joining us today", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00708-00155094-00155326": "thank you for having me I'm Gene Morano", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00709-00155327-00155483": "this has been business matters have a", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00710-00155484-00155540": "good day", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00711-00155541-00155801": "[Music]", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00712-00155802-00155971": "foreign", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00713-00155972-00157458": "[Music]", "ouSPrzMcN9o-00714-00157459-00158270": "[Music]"}}, {"audio_id": "ouZS6doU0oU", "text": {"ouZS6doU0oU-00000-00000227-00000684": "[Music]", "ouZS6doU0oU-00001-00000685-00000935": "we will see", "ouZS6doU0oU-00002-00000936-00001162": "are we trying something super specific", "ouZS6doU0oU-00003-00001163-00001397": "here which is what other was not good if", "ouZS6doU0oU-00004-00001398-00001607": "you have a binding there let's just", "ouZS6doU0oU-00005-00001607-00001848": "plank", "ouZS6doU0oU-00006-00001850-00002201": "what are we doing", "ouZS6doU0oU-00007-00002202-00002881": "and what are we doing", "ouZS6doU0oU-00008-00002882-00003166": "things like this", "ouZS6doU0oU-00009-00003167-00004259": "I shouldn't be fully focusing The Rush", "ouZS6doU0oU-00010-00004260-00004451": "I was like I have kicks anyway um we're", "ouZS6doU0oU-00011-00004452-00004667": "trying to do something sexy but at the", "ouZS6doU0oU-00012-00004668-00004883": "moment it's kinda", "ouZS6doU0oU-00013-00004884-00005104": "weird", "ouZS6doU0oU-00014-00005105-00005279": "I should probably go full blast on this", "ouZS6doU0oU-00015-00005280-00005506": "so much time left", "ouZS6doU0oU-00016-00005507-00005717": "for 50 seconds we're trying to do the", "ouZS6doU0oU-00017-00005718-00005915": "wall skip under those", "ouZS6doU0oU-00018-00005916-00006106": "I saw it as the idea I never tried it", "ouZS6doU0oU-00019-00006107-00006347": "we're gonna check what happens", "ouZS6doU0oU-00020-00006348-00006532": "right now", "ouZS6doU0oU-00021-00006533-00006731": "so we go for skip", "ouZS6doU0oU-00022-00006731-00006941": "I can click the button", "ouZS6doU0oU-00023-00006942-00007433": "I'm absolutely going to click the button", "ouZS6doU0oU-00024-00007434-00007655": "pause the button just run through", "ouZS6doU0oU-00025-00007656-00007848": "someone got hit", "ouZS6doU0oU-00026-00007850-00008441": "oh the guy pulled the ship", "ouZS6doU0oU-00027-00008442-00009227": "um", "ouZS6doU0oU-00028-00009228-00009827": "yeah I didn't expected this", "ouZS6doU0oU-00029-00009828-00010060": "oh I mean it works but we are two people", "ouZS6doU0oU-00030-00010061-00010228": "that", "ouZS6doU0oU-00031-00010229-00010751": "from here", "ouZS6doU0oU-00032-00010752-00012424": "oh they managed great", "ouZS6doU0oU-00033-00012425-00012599": "I don't know if water from that was but", "ouZS6doU0oU-00034-00012600-00012731": "this was funny", "ouZS6doU0oU-00035-00012732-00013451": "I can take that", "ouZS6doU0oU-00036-00013452-00013813": "[Applause]"}}, {"audio_id": "ovI7q1rsaCM", "text": {"ovI7q1rsaCM-00000-00000771-00001113": "I'm not clear from rocky university it's", "ovI7q1rsaCM-00001-00001114-00001341": "a gas ontario canada it's near niagara", "ovI7q1rsaCM-00002-00001342-00001647": "falls in canada my role there is ed tech", "ovI7q1rsaCM-00003-00001648-00001793": "support specialist so I helped a lot of", "ovI7q1rsaCM-00004-00001794-00002022": "faculty developer courses and I teach", "ovI7q1rsaCM-00005-00002023-00002373": "myself teaching hacks so I've gone", "ovI7q1rsaCM-00006-00002374-00002567": "through all the steps I've picked up", "ovI7q1rsaCM-00007-00002568-00002889": "over my decade from top class to web CT", "ovI7q1rsaCM-00008-00002890-00003242": "to call it to use d2l and black bear all", "ovI7q1rsaCM-00009-00003243-00003393": "the rest said you know these all have", "ovI7q1rsaCM-00010-00003394-00003665": "some common tools that we all know and", "ovI7q1rsaCM-00011-00003667-00003996": "love what's some crazy ways we can", "ovI7q1rsaCM-00012-00003997-00004260": "recombine them pats and pedagogy and I'm", "ovI7q1rsaCM-00013-00004261-00004473": "really interesting where you scratch", "ovI7q1rsaCM-00014-00004474-00004614": "that itch to eat just couldn't quite", "ovI7q1rsaCM-00015-00004615-00004878": "figure out now one that we got a lot of", "ovI7q1rsaCM-00016-00004879-00005141": "feedback on from that is if you go to", "ovI7q1rsaCM-00017-00005142-00005397": "media player at yahoo com you can get a", "ovI7q1rsaCM-00018-00005398-00005715": "little script tag that embeds straight", "ovI7q1rsaCM-00019-00005716-00005952": "into any HTML page it makes all the", "ovI7q1rsaCM-00020-00005953-00006260": "media on that page mp3's video playable", "ovI7q1rsaCM-00021-00006261-00006620": "so one little script Agatha's in my", "ovI7q1rsaCM-00022-00006622-00006861": "personal hack most artists all was", "ovI7q1rsaCM-00023-00006862-00007059": "something i call clandestine attendance", "ovI7q1rsaCM-00024-00007059-00007386": "so when I teach I ask students to do a", "ovI7q1rsaCM-00025-00007387-00007692": "quiz on the last class so if they all", "ovI7q1rsaCM-00026-00007693-00007941": "get into the lab I have a username and", "ovI7q1rsaCM-00027-00007942-00008076": "password on the whiteboard so I know", "ovI7q1rsaCM-00028-00008077-00008295": "that they're there it clear that it came", "ovI7q1rsaCM-00029-00008296-00008529": "to pass word put their quiz or answer", "ovI7q1rsaCM-00030-00008530-00008673": "the questions with the last class so I", "ovI7q1rsaCM-00031-00008674-00008808": "know the big gate attention in the", "ovI7q1rsaCM-00032-00008809-00009078": "studied most importantly at the end i", "ovI7q1rsaCM-00033-00009079-00009204": "can now using the", "ovI7q1rsaCM-00034-00009205-00009501": "because they load that quiz that's very", "ovI7q1rsaCM-00035-00009502-00009834": "good and I think the third one is", "ovI7q1rsaCM-00036-00009835-00010035": "probably something about using maybe a", "ovI7q1rsaCM-00037-00010036-00010251": "science just some quizzes just ask your", "ovI7q1rsaCM-00038-00010252-00010464": "students how they learn best and you can", "ovI7q1rsaCM-00039-00010465-00010611": "just have a little quiz and how I", "ovI7q1rsaCM-00040-00010612-00010818": "learned maybe choose a profile you", "ovI7q1rsaCM-00041-00010819-00011034": "describe Vicki likes to learn the things", "ovI7q1rsaCM-00042-00011035-00011289": "are demonstrated to her do you look at", "ovI7q1rsaCM-00043-00011290-00011511": "them just make sense to you or you first", "ovI7q1rsaCM-00044-00011512-00011751": "like to hear something first so you know", "ovI7q1rsaCM-00045-00011752-00011895": "how your students are learning you can", "ovI7q1rsaCM-00046-00011896-00012258": "change your teaching to that"}}, {"audio_id": "ow6ZAHgTcYc", "text": {"ow6ZAHgTcYc-00000-00000053-00000257": "the tabulating machine was an", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00001-00000258-00000461": "electromechanical machine designed to", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00002-00000462-00000695": "assist in summarizing information stored", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00003-00000696-00000980": "on punched cards invented by Herman", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00004-00000981-00001169": "Hollerith the machine was developed to", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00005-00001170-00001486": "help process data for the 1890 US Census", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00006-00001487-00001763": "later models were widely used for", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00007-00001764-00001976": "business applications such as accounting", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00008-00001977-00002260": "and inventory control it spawned a class", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00009-00002261-00002450": "of machines known as unit record", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00010-00002451-00002642": "equipment and the data processing", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00011-00002643-00003076": "industry the term supercomputing was", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00012-00003077-00003289": "used by the New York world newspaper in", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00013-00003290-00003577": "1931 to refer to a large custom-built", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00014-00003578-00003809": "tabulator that IBM made for Columbia", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00015-00003810-00004383": "University", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00016-00004384-00004984": "topic 1890 census", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00017-00004985-00005293": "the 1880 census had taken eight years to", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00018-00005294-00005561": "process since the US Constitution", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00019-00005562-00005791": "mandates a census every ten years to", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00020-00005792-00005932": "apportion both congressional", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00021-00005933-00006163": "representatives and Direct Taxes among", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00022-00006164-00006388": "the states a combination of larger staff", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00023-00006389-00006584": "and faster recording systems was", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00024-00006584-00006913": "required in the late 1880s Herman", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00025-00006914-00007153": "Hollerith inspired by conductors using", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00026-00007154-00007348": "holes punched in different positions on", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00027-00007350-00007546": "a railway ticket to record traveler", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00028-00007547-00007766": "details such as gender and approximate", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00029-00007767-00007978": "age invented the recording of data on a", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00030-00007979-00008285": "machine readable medium prior uses of", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00031-00008286-00008485": "machine readable media had been for", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00032-00008486-00008708": "lists of instructions not data to drive", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00033-00008709-00008914": "programmed machines such as jacquard", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00034-00008915-00009188": "looms after some initial trials with", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00035-00009189-00009618": "paper tape he settled on punched cards", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00036-00009619-00009858": "Hollerith used punched cards with round", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00037-00009859-00010119": "holes 12 rows and 24 columns", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00038-00010120-00010374": "his tabulator used electromechanical", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00039-00010375-00010626": "relays and solenoids to increment", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00040-00010627-00010869": "mechanical counters a set of", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00041-00010870-00011094": "spring-loaded wires were suspended over", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00042-00011095-00011379": "the card reader the card sat over pools", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00043-00011380-00011607": "of mercury pools corresponding to the", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00044-00011608-00011883": "possible hole positions in the card when", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00045-00011884-00012060": "the wires were pressed onto the card", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00046-00012061-00012279": "punched holes allowed wires to dip into", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00047-00012280-00012501": "the mercury pools making an electrical", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00048-00012502-00012669": "contact that could be used for counting", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00049-00012670-00012900": "sorting and setting off a bell to let", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00050-00012901-00013104": "the operator know the card had been read", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00051-00013105-00013388": "the tabulator had forty counters each", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00052-00013390-00013641": "with a dial divided into 100 divisions", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00053-00013641-00013844": "with two indicator hands one which", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00054-00013846-00014028": "stepped one unit with each counting", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00055-00014029-00014250": "pulse the other which advanced one unit", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00056-00014251-00014418": "every time the other dial made a", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00057-00014419-00014535": "complete revolution", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00058-00014536-00014793": "this arrangement allowed a count up to", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00059-00014794-00015030": "10,000 during a given tabulating run", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00060-00015031-00015194": "counters could be assigned a specific", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00061-00015196-00015494": "hole or using relay logic a combination", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00062-00015496-00015759": "of holes eg to count married females if", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00063-00015760-00016005": "the card was to be sorted a compartment", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00064-00016006-00016212": "lid of the sorting box would open for", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00065-00016213-00016380": "storage of the card the choice of", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00066-00016381-00016575": "compartment depending on the data in the", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00067-00016576-00016791": "card Hollerith smething was used for the", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00068-00016792-00017154": "1890 census clerks used key punches to", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00069-00017155-00017346": "punch holes in the cards entering age", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00070-00017347-00017559": "state of residence gender and other", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00071-00017560-00018227": "information from the returns", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00072-00018228-00018905": "topic following the 1890 census", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00073-00018906-00019139": "the advantages of the technology were", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00074-00019140-00019331": "immediately apparent for accounting and", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00075-00019332-00019625": "tracking inventory Hollerith started his", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00076-00019626-00019820": "own business as the Hollerith electric", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00077-00019821-00020033": "tabulating system specializing in", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00078-00020034-00020258": "punched card data processing equipment", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00079-00020259-00020633": "in 1896 he incorporated the tabulating", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00080-00020634-00020831": "machine company in that year he", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00081-00020832-00021030": "introduced the Hollerith integrating", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00082-00021031-00021249": "tabulator which could add numbers coated", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00083-00021250-00021447": "on punched cards not just count the", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00084-00021448-00021728": "number of holes punched cards were still", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00085-00021729-00021959": "read manually using the pins and mercury", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00086-00021960-00022278": "pool reader 1900 saw the Hollerith", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00087-00022279-00022500": "automatic feed tabulator used in that", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00088-00022501-00022821": "year's u.s. census a control panel was", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00089-00022822-00023147": "incorporated in the 1906 type 1 in 1911", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00090-00023148-00023411": "for corporations including Hollerith", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00091-00023412-00023612": "sperm were amalgamated via stock", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00092-00023613-00023837": "acquisition to form a fifth company the", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00093-00023838-00024056": "computing tabulating recording company", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00094-00024057-00024336": "Center the powers accounting machine", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00095-00024337-00024539": "company was formed that same year and", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00096-00024540-00024722": "like Hollerith with machines first", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00097-00024723-00025080": "developed at the Census Bureau in 1919", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00098-00025081-00025314": "the first bull tabulator prototype was", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00099-00025315-00025542": "developed tabulators that could print", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00100-00025543-00025731": "and with removable control panels", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00101-00025732-00026175": "appeared in the 1920s in 1924 Center was", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00102-00026176-00026362": "renamed International Business Machines", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00103-00026363-00026762": "IBM in 1927 Remington Rand acquired the", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00104-00026763-00026955": "powers accounting machine company in", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00105-00026956-00027273": "1933 the tabulating machine company was", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00106-00027274-00027567": "subsumed into IBM these companies", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00107-00027568-00027762": "continue to develop faster and more", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00108-00027763-00028005": "sophisticated tabulators culminating in", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00109-00028006-00028415": "tabulators such as the 1949 IBM 407 and", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00110-00028416-00028865": "the 1952 Remington ran 409 tabulating", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00111-00028866-00029090": "machines continued to be used well after", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00112-00029091-00029229": "the introduction of commercial", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00113-00029230-00029610": "electronic computers in the 1950s many", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00114-00029611-00029793": "applications using unit record", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00115-00029794-00030020": "tabulators were migrated to computers", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00116-00030022-00030408": "such as the IBM 1401 - programming", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00117-00030408-00030729": "languages Fargo and RPG were created to", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00118-00030730-00030989": "aid this migration since tabulator", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00119-00030990-00031208": "control panels were based on the machine", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00120-00031209-00031493": "cycle both Fargo and RPG emulated the", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00121-00031494-00031698": "notion of the machine cycle and training", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00122-00031699-00031929": "material showed the control panel versus", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00123-00031930-00032100": "programming language coding sheet", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00124-00032101-00032689": "relationships", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00125-00032691-00033207": "topic operation", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00126-00033208-00033483": "in its basic form a tabulating machine", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00127-00033484-00033671": "would read one card at a time", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00128-00033672-00033918": "print portions fields of the card on fan", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00129-00033919-00034170": "fold paper possibly rearranged and add", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00130-00034171-00034371": "one or more numbers punched on the card", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00131-00034372-00034545": "to one or more counters called", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00132-00034546-00034827": "accumulators on early models the", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00133-00034828-00035043": "accumulator register dials would be read", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00134-00035044-00035287": "manually after a card run to get totals", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00135-00035288-00035586": "later models could print totals directly", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00136-00035587-00035826": "cards with a particular punch could be", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00137-00035827-00036011": "treated as master cards causing", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00138-00036012-00036282": "different behavior for example customer", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00139-00036283-00036524": "master cards could be merged with sorted", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00140-00036525-00036708": "cards recording individual items", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00141-00036709-00036980": "purchased when read by the tabulating", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00142-00036981-00037199": "machine to create invoices the billing", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00143-00037200-00037377": "address and customer number would be", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00144-00037378-00037562": "printed from the master card and then", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00145-00037563-00037755": "individual items purchased and their", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00146-00037756-00037995": "price would be printed when the next", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00147-00037996-00038235": "master card was detected the total price", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00148-00038236-00038402": "would be printed from the accumulator", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00149-00038403-00038601": "and the page ejected to the top of the", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00150-00038602-00038808": "next page typically using a carriage", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00151-00038809-00039135": "control tape with successive stages or", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00152-00039136-00039374": "cycles of punched card processing fairly", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00153-00039375-00039587": "complex calculations could be made if", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00154-00039588-00039807": "one had a sufficient set of equipment in", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00155-00039808-00040040": "modern data processing terms one can", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00156-00040041-00040233": "think of each stage as in sequel clause", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00157-00040234-00040508": "select filter columns then where filter", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00158-00040509-00040865": "cards or rows then may be a group by for", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00159-00040866-00041076": "totals and counts then a sort by and", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00160-00041077-00041274": "then perhaps feed those back to another", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00161-00041275-00041501": "set of select and wear cycles again if", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00162-00041502-00041730": "needed a human operator had to retrieve", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00163-00041731-00041970": "load and store the various card decks at", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00164-00041971-00042529": "each stage", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00165-00042530-00043174": "topic selected models and timeline", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00166-00043175-00043450": "Hollerith first tabulators were used for", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00167-00043451-00043666": "the u.s. 1890 census the first", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00168-00043667-00043993": "tabulating machine company TMC automatic", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00169-00043994-00044293": "feed tabulator operating at 150 cards", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00170-00044294-00044572": "per minute was developed in 1906 the", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00171-00044573-00044800": "first TMC printing tabulator was", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00172-00044801-00045091": "developed in 1920 TMC type for", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00173-00045092-00045339": "accounting machine later renamed the IBM", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00174-00045340-00045841": "301 from the IBM archives the 301 better", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00175-00045842-00046063": "known as the type for accounting machine", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00176-00046064-00046279": "was the first card controlled machine to", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00177-00046280-00046492": "incorporate class selection automatic", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00178-00046493-00046657": "subtraction and printing of a net", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00179-00046658-00046942": "positive or negative balance dating to", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00180-00046943-00047221": "1928 this machine exemplifies the", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00181-00047222-00047434": "transition from tabulating to accounting", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00182-00047435-00047779": "machines the type 4 could list 100 cards", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00183-00047780-00048187": "per minute HW eglee bull tabulator Model", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00184-00048188-00048784": "T 30 1931 IBM 401 from the IBM archives", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00185-00048785-00049183": "the 401 introduced in 1933 was an early", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00186-00049184-00049459": "entry in a long series of IBM alphabetic", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00187-00049460-00049735": "tabulators and accounting machines it", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00188-00049736-00049965": "was developed by a team headed by jr.", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00189-00049966-00050176": "Pierce and incorporated significant", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00190-00050177-00050415": "functions and features invented by aw", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00191-00050416-00050824": "Mills F J Furman and EJ rebenga the 401", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00192-00050825-00051118": "added at a speed of 150 cards per minute", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00193-00051119-00051325": "and listed alphanumerical data at 80", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00194-00051326-00051479": "cards per minute", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00195-00051480-00051895": "IBM 405 photo from the IBM archives", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00196-00051896-00052294": "introduced in 1934 the 405 alphabetical", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00197-00052295-00052459": "accounting machine was the basic", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00198-00052460-00052617": "bookkeeping and accounting machine", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00199-00052619-00052969": "marketed by IBM for many years important", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00200-00052970-00053140": "features were expanded adding capacity", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00201-00053141-00053398": "greater flexibility of counter grouping", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00202-00053399-00053580": "direct printing of the entire alphabet", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00203-00053582-00053797": "direct subtraction and printing of", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00204-00053798-00053982": "either debit or credit balance from any", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00205-00053983-00054300": "counter commonly called the 405", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00206-00054301-00054595": "tabulator this machine remained the", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00207-00054596-00054832": "flagship of IBM's product line until", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00208-00054833-00055372": "after world war ii IBM 402 and 403 from", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00209-00055373-00055654": "1948 were modernized successors to the", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00210-00055654-00055809": "405", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00211-00055810-00056182": "Bowlby spr tabulating machine the 1952", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00212-00056183-00056413": "bol gamma 3 could be attached to this", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00213-00056414-00056546": "tabulator or to", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00214-00056547-00057128": "red punch IBM 407 introduced in 1949 the", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00215-00057129-00057442": "407 was the mainstay of IBM unit record", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00216-00057444-00057764": "product line for almost three decades it", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00217-00057765-00057941": "was later adapted to serve as an", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00218-00057941-00058141": "input/output peripheral for a number of", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00219-00058142-00058337": "early electronic calculators and", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00220-00058338-00058616": "computers it's printing mechanism was", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00221-00058616-00058952": "used in the IBM 716 line printer for the", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00222-00058953-00059297": "IBM 700 7000 series and later with the", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00223-00059298-00059805": "IBM 1130 through the mid-1970s the IBM", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00224-00059807-00060062": "407 accounting machine was withdrawn", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00225-00060063-00060359": "from marketing in 1976 signaling the end", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00226-00060360-00060639": "of the unit record era", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00227-00060640-00061290": "IBM 421", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00228-00061291-00061816": "topic see also", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00229-00061816-00062113": "list of IBM products hashtag tabulators", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00230-00062114-00062458": "accounting machines British tabulating", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00231-00062459-00062740": "machine company powers accounting", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00232-00062741-00062929": "machine company powers accounting", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00233-00062929-00063208": "machine powers some is accounting", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00234-00063209-00063741": "machines limited aka ACC and tab", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00235-00063741-00064050": "Remington Rand tabulating machines", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00236-00064051-00064300": "UNIVAC one thousand four and eighty", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00237-00064301-00064519": "ninetieths card processor for early use", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00238-00064520-00064716": "of tabulators for scientific", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00239-00064717-00065070": "computations see Leslie call Marie", "ow6ZAHgTcYc-00240-00065071-00065659": "Wallace John Eckert equals equals notes"}}, {"audio_id": "oxwWq43n6NM", "text": {"oxwWq43n6NM-00000-00000071-00000371": "baller"}}, {"audio_id": "oxyRT9osbYQ", "text": {"oxyRT9osbYQ-00000-00000825-00002688": "[Music]", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00001-00002689-00003425": "[Music]", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00002-00003426-00003990": "[Applause]", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00003-00003992-00004206": "hi i'm warren officer 1 dennis nomora", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00004-00004207-00004495": "i'm a targeting technician with 169", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00005-00004496-00004631": "field artillery brigade colorado", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00006-00004632-00004879": "national guard we're here at the history", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00007-00004880-00005159": "colorado center with dr chris jurgens to", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00008-00005160-00005486": "talk about the 442nd infantry regiment", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00009-00005487-00005638": "all right thanks for joining us here and", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00010-00005639-00005815": "we have a little collection that relates", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00011-00005816-00006031": "to the 442nd regimental combat team that", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00012-00006032-00006254": "served um in a few different hot spots", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00013-00006255-00006391": "in europe during world war ii and it's a", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00014-00006392-00006527": "really it's a fascinating unit that", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00015-00006528-00006734": "relates to uh asian american history", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00016-00006736-00006878": "here in the united states can you tell", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00017-00006879-00007127": "us a little bit about just in general", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00018-00007128-00007342": "about the 442nd what's what's special", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00019-00007343-00007574": "about them sure so i mean as as is", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00020-00007575-00007751": "commonly known after the attack on pearl", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00021-00007752-00007974": "harbor shortly thereafter in the early", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00022-00007975-00008167": "1942 president roosevelt signed", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00023-00008168-00008407": "executive order 1966 which led to the", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00024-00008408-00008599": "internment of japanese americans that", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00025-00008600-00008799": "have been living along the west coast", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00026-00008800-00008974": "was a pretty controversial order but", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00027-00008975-00009110": "there was a lot of anti-japanese", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00028-00009111-00009255": "sentiment after the attack and this was", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00029-00009256-00009399": "considered a security measure at the", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00030-00009400-00009559": "time and so it might be surprising that", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00031-00009560-00009719": "you end up having a us army unit that's", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00032-00009720-00009910": "comprised entirely of japanese-american", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00033-00009911-00010023": "citizens but it's something that", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00034-00010024-00010159": "developed over time and that the army", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00035-00010160-00010399": "was looking into opportunities to i mean", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00036-00010400-00010542": "they needed more troops frankly uh for", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00037-00010543-00010767": "the various theaters and so uh i believe", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00038-00010768-00010951": "it was simpson who actually suggested", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00039-00010952-00011127": "looking into the uh into the", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00040-00011128-00011310": "japanese-american population for that", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00041-00011311-00011591": "source so it was in 1943 that they", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00042-00011592-00011791": "started recruiting uh from inside of the", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00043-00011792-00012031": "internment camps as well as recruiting", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00044-00012032-00012206": "japanese americans living in hawaii who", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00045-00012207-00012446": "had not been subjected to internment", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00046-00012447-00012599": "and so they brought them together and", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00047-00012600-00012815": "actually the the internees and the camps", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00048-00012816-00013022": "had to answer a loyalty questionnaire to", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00049-00013023-00013199": "make sure that they would serve uh the", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00050-00013200-00013351": "united states you know loyally and", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00051-00013352-00013543": "faithfully um and so that was a pretty", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00052-00013544-00013703": "controversial uh little questionnaire", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00053-00013704-00013847": "that they were handed and some who", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00054-00013847-00014135": "refused uh to take it or who answered in", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00055-00014136-00014335": "the negative uh were subjected to", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00056-00014336-00014551": "further imprisonment actually um but", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00057-00014552-00014671": "those who were willing to fight for the", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00058-00014672-00014919": "us then underwent basic training and uh", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00059-00014919-00015086": "they fought as a or they trained as a", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00060-00015087-00015279": "cohesive japanese american unit which is", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00061-00015280-00015511": "a pretty uh a pretty distinct", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00062-00015512-00015679": "sort of approach organizational approach", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00063-00015680-00015822": "during the war can you tell us a little", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00064-00015823-00016063": "bit about which theaters of operation", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00065-00016063-00016199": "like within europe that they were", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00066-00016200-00016327": "involved in yeah there were a few", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00067-00016328-00016471": "different units and eventually i mean we", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00068-00016472-00016719": "kind of used the 442nd as a catch-all", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00069-00016720-00016871": "unit to talk about all of these various", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00070-00016872-00017047": "japanese-american elements", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00071-00017048-00017158": "because they did then eventually come", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00072-00017159-00017391": "together under the banner of 442nd um", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00073-00017392-00017607": "before that there was also the 100th uh", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00074-00017608-00017799": "infantry battalion separate that had", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00075-00017800-00018055": "been fighting in italy so primarily the", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00076-00018056-00018222": "unit fought in italy kind of fighting", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00077-00018223-00018367": "its way up the boot and then way at the", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00078-00018368-00018503": "end of the war they were involved in the", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00079-00018504-00018783": "uh the north appendings and po", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00080-00018784-00018999": "valley campaigns um but they also were", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00081-00019000-00019183": "involved briefly and they were after", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00082-00019184-00019367": "operation dragoon which was the invasion", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00083-00019368-00019558": "of southern france uh they moved into", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00084-00019559-00019694": "france and there rescued the lost", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00085-00019695-00019894": "battalion which is a famous story of", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00086-00019895-00020007": "courage and", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00087-00020008-00020350": "accomplishment", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00088-00020351-00020671": "the 442nd combat team composed of", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00089-00020672-00020935": "american citizens of japanese ancestry", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00090-00020936-00021158": "moves up to rescue the lost battalion of", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00091-00021159-00021327": "world war ii", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00092-00021328-00021550": "here over tough terrain in the bush", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00093-00021551-00021783": "forests of france they advance in the", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00094-00021784-00022032": "face of strong enemy resistance", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00095-00022033-00022686": "[Music]", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00096-00022687-00022863": "it sounds like they redeployed over and", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00097-00022864-00023127": "over back to back kind of um", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00098-00023128-00023255": "do you think that had anything to do", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00099-00023256-00023391": "with the fact that", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00100-00023392-00023614": "that they were in uh all japanese", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00101-00023615-00023799": "regiment", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00102-00023800-00023975": "right after pearl harbor do you think", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00103-00023976-00024086": "that had anything to do with their", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00104-00024087-00024271": "back-to-back deployment or maybe just", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00105-00024272-00024471": "you know the manpower at the time", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00106-00024472-00024583": "there was definitely a lot of", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00107-00024584-00024758": "unfortunate racism that was in play in", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00108-00024759-00024958": "terms of between the organization and", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00109-00024959-00025111": "and then a post war unfortunately a lot", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00110-00025112-00025263": "of these veterans experienced this again", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00111-00025264-00025494": "when they came home but actually the the", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00112-00025495-00025734": "redeployment of the uh of the regiment", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00113-00025735-00025934": "constantly to the front lines was more a", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00114-00025935-00026078": "function of how successful they had been", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00115-00026079-00026206": "i mean they effectively became a fire", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00116-00026207-00026367": "brigade for the forces in italy and they", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00117-00026368-00026495": "were sent kind of to the various hot", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00118-00026495-00026711": "spots uh wherever some extra help was", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00119-00026712-00026879": "needed it actually ended up becoming the", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00120-00026880-00027070": "most decorated army unit of its size", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00121-00027072-00027343": "earned 20 uh it's its members earned 21", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00122-00027344-00027518": "uh medals of honor quite a few silver", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00123-00027519-00027718": "stars a ton of purple hearts in fact the", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00124-00027719-00027911": "100th infantry battalion became known as", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00125-00027912-00028087": "the purple heart battalion for how many", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00126-00028088-00028246": "wounds in action they took", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00127-00028247-00028431": "so they were just you know very very", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00128-00028432-00028687": "courageous and uh and brave bunch who", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00129-00028688-00028839": "just kept getting put into the worst", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00130-00028839-00028974": "situations", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00131-00028975-00029143": "interesting can you tell us a little bit", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00132-00029144-00029302": "about what you have here", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00133-00029304-00029431": "yeah absolutely so we have one", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00134-00029432-00029583": "collection in particular that speaks to", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00135-00029583-00029799": "the 442nd and this was donated by", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00136-00029800-00030095": "descendants of henry hirokawa and", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00137-00030095-00030295": "unfortunately we don't have his story uh", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00138-00030295-00030495": "from him himself he passed away before", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00139-00030495-00030646": "this collection came to us so we weren't", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00140-00030647-00030823": "able to flesh it out a little bit more", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00141-00030824-00031007": "but we do have some items here that", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00142-00031008-00031174": "speak to his service with the regimental", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00143-00031175-00031414": "combat team uh we have here some of his", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00144-00031416-00031670": "uh personal awards that were uh that", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00145-00031672-00031807": "would have been on his ike jacket when", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00146-00031808-00031958": "he returned home the combat infringement", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00147-00031960-00032158": "badge purple heart that he earned good", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00148-00032160-00032399": "conduct medal uh he's got two uh", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00149-00032400-00032623": "campaign stars there on his uh european", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00150-00032624-00032855": "theater uh campaign ribbon and then he's", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00151-00032856-00033102": "also an expert in in rifle", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00152-00033103-00033318": "and we also have his original", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00153-00033319-00033502": "presentation case with the purple heart", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00154-00033503-00033743": "here", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00155-00033744-00033935": "and then along with his uh his combat", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00156-00033936-00034127": "medals there we also have some paperwork", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00157-00034128-00034335": "that he must have collected during his", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00158-00034336-00034583": "training um so here we have a a pamphlet", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00159-00034584-00034702": "that was printed during the war that", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00160-00034703-00034879": "references their training at camp shelby", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00161-00034880-00035207": "in mississippi", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00162-00035208-00035431": "see some of the same kind of things when", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00163-00035432-00035615": "i went through the basic training 20", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00164-00035616-00035743": "years ago", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00165-00035744-00035855": "um", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00166-00035856-00036039": "some of the same warnings", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00167-00036040-00036174": "just kind of the bugs and stuff they", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00168-00036175-00036302": "warn you about while you're out there", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00169-00036303-00036446": "training", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00170-00036447-00036655": "and we also have here a program this is", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00171-00036656-00036871": "actually a post-war program for the vets", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00172-00036872-00037079": "uh meeting after the war in 1947 and", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00173-00037080-00037246": "that's of course the uh", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00174-00037247-00037462": "their motto there go for broke", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00175-00037463-00037590": "can you tell us a little bit about their", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00176-00037591-00037679": "motto", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00177-00037680-00037895": "uh sure so the popular story there is", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00178-00037896-00038118": "that the uh the japanese americans who", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00179-00038119-00038471": "came from hawaii uh the soldiers were uh", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00180-00038472-00038735": "were gamblers uh on the side they really", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00181-00038736-00039007": "enjoyed various uh um various card games", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00182-00039008-00039207": "or dice or whatever i mean games of", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00183-00039208-00039407": "chance um and they use the expression go", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00184-00039408-00039559": "for broke to you know that's when you're", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00185-00039560-00039711": "risking it all um and you're really", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00186-00039712-00039879": "going in for the for the full you know", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00187-00039880-00040135": "the full pot so to speak um and so you", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00188-00040136-00040223": "know since they were doing so much", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00189-00040224-00040390": "gambling and training and that sentiment", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00190-00040391-00040527": "also kind of worked for in terms of you", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00191-00040528-00040646": "know what they were putting on the line", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00192-00040647-00040846": "for their service to their country that", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00193-00040847-00041015": "that became the kind of the rallying cry", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00194-00041016-00041207": "of the 442nd", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00195-00041208-00041374": "and finally here we have a photo album", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00196-00041375-00041558": "that was put together by the 442nd while", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00197-00041559-00041655": "they were still in their training in", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00198-00041656-00041855": "1943.", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00199-00041856-00042055": "well dr jergens uh", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00200-00042056-00042262": "thank you for having us uh we appreciate", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00201-00042263-00042495": "i appreciate the information um this", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00202-00042496-00042646": "actually brought everything kind of full", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00203-00042647-00042767": "circle for me", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00204-00042768-00042902": "um", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00205-00042903-00043102": "being japanese american myself", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00206-00043103-00043351": "um an infantryman", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00207-00043352-00043487": "artillery minute kind of bring", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00208-00043488-00043615": "everything just kind of brought back", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00209-00043616-00043871": "full circle for me so i appreciate uh", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00210-00043872-00044030": "everything that you've done and that you", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00211-00044031-00044174": "showed us here today oh thanks so much", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00212-00044175-00044311": "for coming by and thank you for helping", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00213-00044312-00045239": "us tell these important stories", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00214-00045240-00045607": "[Music]", "oxyRT9osbYQ-00215-00045608-00045908": "me"}}, {"audio_id": "oxzTSetc3DI", "text": {"oxzTSetc3DI-00000-00000515-00000871": "okay i'm anton and this is Anatoly hey", "oxzTSetc3DI-00001-00000872-00001222": "Ephram and cranium calm and today is", "oxzTSetc3DI-00002-00001223-00001569": "july 12 2013 and the we are on the", "oxzTSetc3DI-00003-00001570-00001855": "navigate castle a transcarpathia ukraine", "oxzTSetc3DI-00004-00001855-00002041": "and we are doing a kitchen cast from", "oxzTSetc3DI-00005-00002042-00002362": "here with our American guests of the", "oxzTSetc3DI-00006-00002363-00002695": "Camp David laporte and Zach hahaha", "oxzTSetc3DI-00007-00002696-00003631": "American brothers and we also have a", "oxzTSetc3DI-00008-00003632-00003976": "pretty much the entire camp for watching", "oxzTSetc3DI-00009-00003977-00004278": "the cast and they will be able to ask", "oxzTSetc3DI-00010-00004279-00004513": "David and Zach questions about their", "oxzTSetc3DI-00011-00004514-00004831": "stay in Ukraine and how it has been so", "oxzTSetc3DI-00012-00004832-00005245": "yeah that was just in 23 wards where do", "oxzTSetc3DI-00013-00005246-00005542": "you guys come from I'm from the", "oxzTSetc3DI-00014-00005543-00005785": "Appalachian which is a mountain range in", "oxzTSetc3DI-00015-00005786-00005977": "the southeastern part of the u.s. in the", "oxzTSetc3DI-00016-00005978-00006193": "state of tennessee and i'm from the", "oxzTSetc3DI-00017-00006194-00006453": "great plains of North Dakota which is in", "oxzTSetc3DI-00018-00006454-00006814": "the middle at the top yeah so actually", "oxzTSetc3DI-00019-00006815-00007162": "how I met David and Zach was really cool", "oxzTSetc3DI-00020-00007163-00007567": "it was a year and a half ago when i was", "oxzTSetc3DI-00021-00007568-00007825": "in my mission hitchhike about a trip", "oxzTSetc3DI-00022-00007826-00008077": "around the United States and I used", "oxzTSetc3DI-00023-00008078-00008485": "couch surfing and they hosted me in the", "oxzTSetc3DI-00024-00008486-00008791": "rapid city south dakota Oh close to", "oxzTSetc3DI-00025-00008792-00009037": "Mount Rushmore so which I really wanted", "oxzTSetc3DI-00026-00009038-00009418": "to see and that took us together and I", "oxzTSetc3DI-00027-00009419-00009670": "was able to surf in there peterson hall", "oxzTSetc3DI-00028-00009671-00010105": "in the rest right yeah I which I was in", "oxzTSetc3DI-00029-00010106-00010366": "just for two days but I remember it just", "oxzTSetc3DI-00030-00010367-00010660": "now how awesome it was so I'm really", "oxzTSetc3DI-00031-00010661-00010903": "glad you guys got to Crane so soon so", "oxzTSetc3DI-00032-00010904-00011268": "are we hey yeah not like after 10 years", "oxzTSetc3DI-00033-00011269-00011659": "and the old man come over Ukraine to", "oxzTSetc3DI-00034-00011660-00012019": "find out his friends yeah so ask", "oxzTSetc3DI-00035-00012020-00012556": "something okay so what's the decision to", "oxzTSetc3DI-00036-00012557-00012766": "come on the train with pretty", "oxzTSetc3DI-00037-00012767-00013018": "spontaneous or or it was planned for", "oxzTSetc3DI-00038-00013019-00013330": "months at least", "oxzTSetc3DI-00039-00013331-00013744": "um maybe a month before that I don't", "oxzTSetc3DI-00040-00013745-00013942": "know Eastern Europe was the plan yeah we", "oxzTSetc3DI-00041-00013943-00014242": "plan to to travel after our classes were", "oxzTSetc3DI-00042-00014243-00014389": "out before we have to go back to the", "oxzTSetc3DI-00043-00014390-00014617": "states and you know everyone goes to", "oxzTSetc3DI-00044-00014618-00014794": "Western Europe's right why not the yeast", "oxzTSetc3DI-00045-00014795-00015187": "and ride put together friends oh we know", "oxzTSetc3DI-00046-00015188-00015487": "Ukrainians let's go visit directly yes", "oxzTSetc3DI-00047-00015488-00015820": "hey Rollo and let her happy good haha", "oxzTSetc3DI-00048-00015821-00016178": "and then yeah David wrote to me is it", "oxzTSetc3DI-00049-00016179-00016492": "too they were gonna visit Slovakia and", "oxzTSetc3DI-00050-00016493-00016775": "the Tatras and then a type of Ukraine", "oxzTSetc3DI-00051-00016776-00017047": "like his head and hey it so happened", "oxzTSetc3DI-00052-00017048-00017347": "that I am doing this camp here in your", "oxzTSetc3DI-00053-00017348-00017711": "horrid Ukraine so they spent like four", "oxzTSetc3DI-00054-00017712-00017890": "days here what was it yeah we've been", "oxzTSetc3DI-00055-00017891-00018259": "here for days knock on strike oh yeah", "oxzTSetc3DI-00056-00018260-00018718": "and so how did you get to Europe tout", "oxzTSetc3DI-00057-00018719-00018947": "just a few words about what you were", "oxzTSetc3DI-00058-00018948-00019405": "doing in and where well I spent a", "oxzTSetc3DI-00059-00019406-00019655": "semester studying French in France", "oxzTSetc3DI-00060-00019656-00019814": "because I wanted to learn a new language", "oxzTSetc3DI-00061-00019815-00020074": "and the vought side of the u.s. see what", "oxzTSetc3DI-00062-00020075-00020368": "Europe is like and so I've I've really", "oxzTSetc3DI-00063-00020369-00020564": "enjoyed Paris and traveling in France", "oxzTSetc3DI-00064-00020565-00020855": "and learning a new language and spent", "oxzTSetc3DI-00065-00020856-00021061": "the whole semester there and now we're", "oxzTSetc3DI-00066-00021062-00021253": "traveling together but before we have to", "oxzTSetc3DI-00067-00021254-00021550": "go back how we gathered idea to go to", "oxzTSetc3DI-00068-00021551-00021778": "the erupts I don't think it yeah I'm in", "oxzTSetc3DI-00069-00021779-00022108": "America is so big and it's other", "oxzTSetc3DI-00070-00022109-00022324": "continent you know you can go to kinetic", "oxzTSetc3DI-00071-00022325-00022589": "we start about this and it's the way I", "oxzTSetc3DI-00072-00022590-00023062": "put it as America is very naturally", "oxzTSetc3DI-00073-00023063-00023324": "unique and wild and very different by", "oxzTSetc3DI-00074-00023325-00023668": "region geographically in climate but", "oxzTSetc3DI-00075-00023669-00023962": "Europe is culturally and lingual a", "oxzTSetc3DI-00076-00023963-00024317": "diverse and unique and that's a whole", "oxzTSetc3DI-00077-00024318-00024493": "different type of traveling we have", "oxzTSetc3DI-00078-00024494-00024640": "destination from the US we go to", "oxzTSetc3DI-00079-00024641-00024871": "mountain range Canyon desert and then", "oxzTSetc3DI-00080-00024872-00025072": "Europe it's like this culture that", "oxzTSetc3DI-00081-00025073-00025333": "language these people it's more about", "oxzTSetc3DI-00082-00025334-00025592": "the people in Europe and I mean of", "oxzTSetc3DI-00083-00025593-00025858": "course the scenery is beautiful but like", "oxzTSetc3DI-00084-00025859-00026006": "David said it's about culture and", "oxzTSetc3DI-00085-00026007-00026255": "language and we both had some background", "oxzTSetc3DI-00086-00026256-00026345": "in", "oxzTSetc3DI-00087-00026347-00026724": "I I came to Europe to study German and", "oxzTSetc3DI-00088-00026725-00027077": "to do a project in Kiel and that was", "oxzTSetc3DI-00089-00027079-00027357": "really rewarding I I had a great time", "oxzTSetc3DI-00090-00027358-00027570": "with a team of international students", "oxzTSetc3DI-00091-00027570-00027786": "which was something I've never had the", "oxzTSetc3DI-00092-00027787-00027995": "experience of before in the United", "oxzTSetc3DI-00093-00027997-00028139": "States and probably wouldn't get such a", "oxzTSetc3DI-00094-00028141-00028380": "rich experience in the United States I", "oxzTSetc3DI-00095-00028381-00028545": "didn't know that before I came to Europe", "oxzTSetc3DI-00096-00028545-00029120": "but now I do so yes we came here and", "oxzTSetc3DI-00097-00029120-00029367": "David had taken french in high school", "oxzTSetc3DI-00098-00029368-00029564": "and I had taken German in high school", "oxzTSetc3DI-00099-00029566-00029795": "and now I know that most of the food", "oxzTSetc3DI-00100-00029797-00030233": "that I eat comes from Ukraine so so", "oxzTSetc3DI-00101-00030235-00030557": "Danny do you think that the density of", "oxzTSetc3DI-00102-00030558-00030882": "cultural things in Europe much more", "oxzTSetc3DI-00103-00030883-00031167": "higher than in the US or you think", "oxzTSetc3DI-00104-00031168-00031452": "that's just the same the same the same", "oxzTSetc3DI-00105-00031452-00031877": "quantity but the one language for all", "oxzTSetc3DI-00106-00031879-00032258": "the USA okay there there are regional", "oxzTSetc3DI-00107-00032260-00032535": "cultures wanted Union us do you", "oxzTSetc3DI-00108-00032536-00032796": "understand this yeah we got a on the bed", "oxzTSetc3DI-00109-00032797-00033336": "and we understand and we we do like the", "oxzTSetc3DI-00110-00033337-00033513": "regional cultures in the US and like to", "oxzTSetc3DI-00111-00033514-00033675": "try different foods and see how", "oxzTSetc3DI-00112-00033676-00033957": "different people live there but it's", "oxzTSetc3DI-00113-00033958-00034218": "such recent developments I guess you", "oxzTSetc3DI-00114-00034219-00034428": "could say because the United States is", "oxzTSetc3DI-00115-00034429-00034809": "such a newly a populated area with", "oxzTSetc3DI-00116-00034810-00035039": "European immigrants and only", "oxzTSetc3DI-00117-00035040-00035277": "approximately 250 years old since our", "oxzTSetc3DI-00118-00035278-00035721": "independence yes whereas in Europe your", "oxzTSetc3DI-00119-00035722-00036000": "ethnic identities are much stronger", "oxzTSetc3DI-00120-00036001-00036270": "because you've had to defend what you", "oxzTSetc3DI-00121-00036271-00036525": "consider your territory over hundreds of", "oxzTSetc3DI-00122-00036526-00036837": "years and your language is developed and", "oxzTSetc3DI-00123-00036838-00037095": "it's so much more than rooted and who", "oxzTSetc3DI-00124-00037096-00037356": "you are and the traditions here is so", "oxzTSetc3DI-00125-00037357-00037734": "much older so you have something that", "oxzTSetc3DI-00126-00037735-00037878": "has been carried down over generations", "oxzTSetc3DI-00127-00037879-00038175": "over generation and David I have", "oxzTSetc3DI-00128-00038176-00038343": "discussed this just last night that", "oxzTSetc3DI-00129-00038344-00038553": "we're trying to hold on to traditions", "oxzTSetc3DI-00130-00038554-00038846": "that we know are disappearing now in", "oxzTSetc3DI-00131-00038847-00039114": "just a few short years that our families", "oxzTSetc3DI-00132-00039115-00039330": "have been the United States so maybe our", "oxzTSetc3DI-00133-00039331-00039576": "families came from Italy or Ukraine or", "oxzTSetc3DI-00134-00039577-00039771": "Germany and brought some of that", "oxzTSetc3DI-00135-00039772-00040155": "tradition with us or with them but we're", "oxzTSetc3DI-00136-00040156-00040370": "lowly it's being incorporated into", "oxzTSetc3DI-00137-00040371-00040730": "American culture whatever that is and so", "oxzTSetc3DI-00138-00040731-00041142": "yes regionally there are differences but", "oxzTSetc3DI-00139-00041143-00041561": "not as stark not a stark contrast like", "oxzTSetc3DI-00140-00041562-00041852": "there is in in Europe so can you tell", "oxzTSetc3DI-00141-00041853-00042177": "that the u.s. culture is a composition", "oxzTSetc3DI-00142-00042178-00042464": "of some pieces of European cultures so", "oxzTSetc3DI-00143-00042465-00042683": "can you see that components right now or", "oxzTSetc3DI-00144-00042684-00042980": "it's developed to something already knew", "oxzTSetc3DI-00145-00042981-00043364": "extremely new I'm not sure that you can", "oxzTSetc3DI-00146-00043365-00043626": "tell it's distinctly European I think", "oxzTSetc3DI-00147-00043627-00043843": "there are some traces of European ism", "oxzTSetc3DI-00148-00043844-00044268": "yeah and you can see different traces of", "oxzTSetc3DI-00149-00044269-00044543": "parts of Europe or when I've traveled in", "oxzTSetc3DI-00150-00044544-00044898": "Europe I've seen oh this reminds me of a", "oxzTSetc3DI-00151-00044899-00045140": "certain aspect of the local regional", "oxzTSetc3DI-00152-00045141-00045318": "culture in the US when I was in Norway", "oxzTSetc3DI-00153-00045319-00045527": "and Sweden the way people spoke yeah", "oxzTSetc3DI-00154-00045528-00045695": "what people eat and let go am I in", "oxzTSetc3DI-00155-00045696-00046101": "Minnesota and because uh present-day", "oxzTSetc3DI-00156-00046102-00046337": "northern Great Lakes in the US were", "oxzTSetc3DI-00157-00046338-00046577": "settled by Scandinavian immigrants and", "oxzTSetc3DI-00158-00046578-00046920": "the same for me Germans from Russia the", "oxzTSetc3DI-00159-00046921-00047102": "cooking here is almost exactly the same", "oxzTSetc3DI-00160-00047103-00047420": "as what I grew up with and what I had", "oxzTSetc3DI-00161-00047421-00047598": "when I was young and even my", "oxzTSetc3DI-00162-00047599-00047933": "grandparents spoke German which is I", "oxzTSetc3DI-00163-00047934-00048158": "realized recently plot Deutsch which is", "oxzTSetc3DI-00164-00048159-00048312": "right next to where I studied in Germany", "oxzTSetc3DI-00165-00048313-00048602": "they spoke plot doing oh right too but", "oxzTSetc3DI-00166-00048603-00049017": "the yeah so it's in like half an hour or", "oxzTSetc3DI-00167-00049018-00049230": "so we'll have to walk you down hill and", "oxzTSetc3DI-00168-00049231-00049593": "you'll go on go on to Romania right so", "oxzTSetc3DI-00169-00049594-00049920": "uh yeah from your stay in Ukraine I know", "oxzTSetc3DI-00170-00049921-00050649": "what you guys think oh man I think one", "oxzTSetc3DI-00171-00050650-00051260": "pause I think most of all it's the most", "oxzTSetc3DI-00172-00051261-00051648": "just as a summary yeah most at home that", "oxzTSetc3DI-00173-00051649-00052038": "I felt not not in what I've seen I think", "oxzTSetc3DI-00174-00052039-00052346": "Poland was closer to America in what you", "oxzTSetc3DI-00175-00052347-00052729": "see like visually visually but I think", "oxzTSetc3DI-00176-00052730-00052950": "emotionally", "oxzTSetc3DI-00177-00052951-00053262": "and I don't know just the feeling was", "oxzTSetc3DI-00178-00053263-00053439": "more like just be the day when we went", "oxzTSetc3DI-00179-00053440-00053661": "swimming we went to a little ice cream", "oxzTSetc3DI-00180-00053662-00053814": "store which is something that I did when", "oxzTSetc3DI-00181-00053815-00053946": "I was at home and that made me feel", "oxzTSetc3DI-00182-00053947-00054204": "really at home and the food mcteer baby", "oxzTSetc3DI-00183-00054204-00054363": "yeah I remember that I was at my", "oxzTSetc3DI-00184-00054364-00054591": "family's house so I think for me it was", "oxzTSetc3DI-00185-00054591-00054915": "more an emotional feeling at home rather", "oxzTSetc3DI-00186-00054916-00055267": "than seeing the same things around so oh", "oxzTSetc3DI-00187-00055269-00055569": "yeah and I think he's this feeling is", "oxzTSetc3DI-00188-00055570-00055785": "coming from the group atmosphere epad", "oxzTSetc3DI-00189-00055786-00055979": "mnet's were the only ones besides", "oxzTSetc3DI-00190-00055980-00056310": "Ukrainians and belarusians we've just", "oxzTSetc3DI-00191-00056311-00056496": "been able to be there all watching", "oxzTSetc3DI-00192-00056497-00056741": "there's just just be dropped into this", "oxzTSetc3DI-00193-00056742-00056898": "culture yes we've not like seeing all", "oxzTSetc3DI-00194-00056899-00057054": "the sights of the country or whatever", "oxzTSetc3DI-00195-00057054-00057279": "but we've experienced how they live and", "oxzTSetc3DI-00196-00057279-00057447": "how they react and how they interact", "oxzTSetc3DI-00197-00057448-00057744": "with each other and that is given us a", "oxzTSetc3DI-00198-00057745-00058062": "taste of the culture here but I think", "oxzTSetc3DI-00199-00058063-00058440": "that may be numbered rough maybe Ukraine", "oxzTSetc3DI-00200-00058441-00058707": "in general is more than I expected", "oxzTSetc3DI-00201-00058708-00059088": "because the Cold War being not so long", "oxzTSetc3DI-00202-00059089-00059346": "ago many older Americans and middle-aged", "oxzTSetc3DI-00203-00059347-00059829": "americans try to scare people of the", "oxzTSetc3DI-00204-00059829-00060120": "former USSR and what it's like yeah and", "oxzTSetc3DI-00205-00060121-00060366": "it may be not so much is here but just", "oxzTSetc3DI-00206-00060366-00060741": "there is still a almost subtle lingering", "oxzTSetc3DI-00207-00060741-00061161": "of pushing that information away like", "oxzTSetc3DI-00208-00061162-00061454": "okay let's not talk about you know we", "oxzTSetc3DI-00209-00061455-00061602": "never hear about Eastern Europe we never", "oxzTSetc3DI-00210-00061603-00061866": "hear about Ukraine or Belarus or Russia", "oxzTSetc3DI-00211-00061866-00062145": "you know it's it's that land as far away", "oxzTSetc3DI-00212-00062146-00062364": "just all blended and it is something", "oxzTSetc3DI-00213-00062365-00062595": "yeah thnkx just on the matter blank spot", "oxzTSetc3DI-00214-00062596-00062964": "yeah so what belarus isn't you for you", "oxzTSetc3DI-00215-00062965-00063230": "when you since you've come to Europe I", "oxzTSetc3DI-00216-00063232-00063525": "mean not was it that new but now it has", "oxzTSetc3DI-00217-00063526-00063753": "meaning right we have a word Belarus but", "oxzTSetc3DI-00218-00063754-00063996": "it has things underneath it we can", "oxzTSetc3DI-00219-00063997-00064233": "associate dances with it and food with", "oxzTSetc3DI-00220-00064234-00064442": "it and alcohol with it and wonderful", "oxzTSetc3DI-00221-00064444-00064791": "people we've met the end dollars uh", "oxzTSetc3DI-00222-00064791-00065330": "questions from the audience oh well okay", "oxzTSetc3DI-00223-00065332-00065529": "villars question okay yours you're", "oxzTSetc3DI-00224-00065529-00065790": "afraid of Communists while coming to the", "oxzTSetc3DI-00225-00065791-00066063": "post-soviet states", "oxzTSetc3DI-00226-00066064-00066243": "I think we were both aware that the", "oxzTSetc3DI-00227-00066244-00066657": "Communists no longer in the east you", "oxzTSetc3DI-00228-00066658-00066900": "guys are really not work may be afraid", "oxzTSetc3DI-00229-00066901-00067098": "of the awareness of Architecture from", "oxzTSetc3DI-00230-00067099-00067915": "yes it's a grayscale what would what", "oxzTSetc3DI-00231-00067916-00068163": "would you like commands to see to your", "oxzTSetc3DI-00232-00068164-00068523": "fellow Americans to see in Europe and", "oxzTSetc3DI-00233-00068524-00068706": "especially in eastern europe especially", "oxzTSetc3DI-00234-00068707-00068982": "in your critics especially in ukraine", "oxzTSetc3DI-00235-00068983-00069438": "well we have this guy Nowitzki castle I", "oxzTSetc3DI-00236-00069439-00070062": "hear they do volunteer camps yeah what", "oxzTSetc3DI-00237-00070063-00070279": "you like let's do the command so I many", "oxzTSetc3DI-00238-00070280-00070719": "things to see in unit oh man in your a", "oxzTSetc3DI-00239-00070720-00070948": "difficult in Europe but entire can i", "oxzTSetc3DI-00240-00070949-00071554": "email Oh hatia it depends on what you", "oxzTSetc3DI-00241-00071555-00071965": "want to see ya uh I just defined what is", "oxzTSetc3DI-00242-00071966-00072471": "like amazing I think if you want to see", "oxzTSetc3DI-00243-00072472-00073206": "something very how do you say shocked", "oxzTSetc3DI-00244-00073207-00073723": "awesome uh traditional in the American", "oxzTSetc3DI-00245-00073724-00073869": "sense when you come to Europe if you", "oxzTSetc3DI-00246-00073870-00074043": "want to have the traditional European", "oxzTSetc3DI-00247-00074044-00074248": "experience what most Americans would", "oxzTSetc3DI-00248-00074249-00074382": "think of when they think of coming to", "oxzTSetc3DI-00249-00074383-00074659": "Europe then yes go to Western Europe see", "oxzTSetc3DI-00250-00074660-00075282": "Rome Amsterdam Paris humbug but building", "oxzTSetc3DI-00251-00075283-00075646": "all of those but I think if you want to", "oxzTSetc3DI-00252-00075647-00075899": "have something totally different and", "oxzTSetc3DI-00253-00075900-00076350": "something very unique then you have to", "oxzTSetc3DI-00254-00076351-00076479": "come to Eastern Europe I mean most", "oxzTSetc3DI-00255-00076480-00076741": "people don't know about this I mean and", "oxzTSetc3DI-00256-00076742-00077122": "I think the unexplored yeah be explored", "oxzTSetc3DI-00257-00077123-00077497": "I think seeing the tatas was very very", "oxzTSetc3DI-00258-00077498-00077716": "rewarding and interesting because in", "oxzTSetc3DI-00259-00077717-00077862": "Europe you don't have that many mountain", "oxzTSetc3DI-00260-00077863-00078162": "ranges where the regulations are lower", "oxzTSetc3DI-00261-00078163-00078565": "so you can enjoy backpacking like we can", "oxzTSetc3DI-00262-00078566-00078798": "in America and I think the Tatras gave", "oxzTSetc3DI-00263-00078799-00079023": "us a taste of that like what Europe can", "oxzTSetc3DI-00264-00079024-00079326": "offer as far as natural places yeah but", "oxzTSetc3DI-00265-00079327-00079456": "definitely just", "oxzTSetc3DI-00266-00079457-00079750": "not necessarily go east but just off the", "oxzTSetc3DI-00267-00079751-00080098": "beaten path like we were in Catalunya", "oxzTSetc3DI-00268-00080099-00080419": "yeah and I was in Barcelona for a few", "oxzTSetc3DI-00269-00080420-00080614": "days with a friend and then we met up", "oxzTSetc3DI-00270-00080615-00081004": "with Zach later in Girona and girona is", "oxzTSetc3DI-00271-00081005-00081321": "this small town the tourists don't go to", "oxzTSetc3DI-00272-00081322-00081568": "that you don't hear English spoken you", "oxzTSetc3DI-00273-00081569-00081727": "heard that your Spanish but like Wesley", "oxzTSetc3DI-00274-00081728-00082132": "has it and that was we had an", "oxzTSetc3DI-00275-00082133-00082345": "unbelievable time there the hospitality", "oxzTSetc3DI-00276-00082346-00082687": "the atmosphere and I I preferred it so", "oxzTSetc3DI-00277-00082688-00082951": "much more to barthelona or like in", "oxzTSetc3DI-00278-00082952-00083314": "Slovakia you know yeah maybe Americans", "oxzTSetc3DI-00279-00083315-00083445": "don't even know it's a country", "oxzTSetc3DI-00280-00083446-00083668": "Czechoslovakia yeah maybe if you don't", "oxzTSetc3DI-00281-00083669-00083806": "know that checklist of Ikea and not", "oxzTSetc3DI-00282-00083807-00083977": "exist and we knew very little about the", "oxzTSetc3DI-00283-00083978-00084195": "culture there what people did there and", "oxzTSetc3DI-00284-00084196-00084478": "I honestly that's been like one of the", "oxzTSetc3DI-00285-00084479-00084631": "most impressionable places we've been", "oxzTSetc3DI-00286-00084632-00084931": "the way we were treated like oh you're", "oxzTSetc3DI-00287-00084932-00085204": "Americans you're here we were invited", "oxzTSetc3DI-00288-00085205-00085492": "into homes we were fed we stayed", "oxzTSetc3DI-00289-00085493-00085984": "relatively intoxicated and then oh", "oxzTSetc3DI-00290-00085985-00086239": "that's a way to put it Oh from the", "oxzTSetc3DI-00291-00086240-00086497": "hospitality of the people we met along", "oxzTSetc3DI-00292-00086498-00086704": "okay did that they'll just couple words", "oxzTSetc3DI-00293-00086705-00086965": "about that you guys are so serious I", "oxzTSetc3DI-00294-00086966-00087247": "mean and you talk smart stuff and then", "oxzTSetc3DI-00295-00087248-00087745": "add about how you travel right you're", "oxzTSetc3DI-00296-00087746-00088081": "not you're traveling on a little budget", "oxzTSetc3DI-00297-00088082-00088420": "right yes very well actually and on a", "oxzTSetc3DI-00298-00088421-00088750": "high impression budget yes yes so I", "oxzTSetc3DI-00299-00088751-00089179": "could flow yes load most expenditure hi", "oxzTSetc3DI-00300-00089180-00089662": "impression yeah so so I think we haven't", "oxzTSetc3DI-00301-00089663-00089842": "we have an informal goal of spending", "oxzTSetc3DI-00302-00089843-00090040": "only two hundred dollars and we're doing", "oxzTSetc3DI-00303-00090041-00090202": "though US dollars we're doing really", "oxzTSetc3DI-00304-00090203-00090439": "well that goal actually I'd say roughly", "oxzTSetc3DI-00305-00090440-00090775": "estimated we're probably about 75 so and", "oxzTSetc3DI-00306-00090776-00090931": "we're over halfway down by their trips", "oxzTSetc3DI-00307-00090932-00091219": "and so I guess we're traveling somewhat", "oxzTSetc3DI-00308-00091220-00091414": "not traditionally maybe especially for", "oxzTSetc3DI-00309-00091415-00091687": "Americans visiting europe you know", "oxzTSetc3DI-00310-00091688-00091942": "backpacking europe as we like to say in", "oxzTSetc3DI-00311-00091943-00092212": "America which often means hostelling and", "oxzTSetc3DI-00312-00092213-00092485": "visiting only large cities where as we", "oxzTSetc3DI-00313-00092486-00092610": "it rains yeah", "oxzTSetc3DI-00314-00092611-00092910": "the idea trains buses stuff yeah your", "oxzTSetc3DI-00315-00092911-00093278": "aligns whereas we've been doing only uh", "oxzTSetc3DI-00316-00093279-00093600": "watch as much as much hitchhiking it's", "oxzTSetc3DI-00317-00093601-00093825": "cool yeah we've taken a couple buses and", "oxzTSetc3DI-00318-00093826-00093968": "trains we're gonna get on a train soon", "oxzTSetc3DI-00319-00093969-00094272": "yeah would we have to not miss me oh", "oxzTSetc3DI-00320-00094273-00094713": "yeah and yeah so we've tried to", "oxzTSetc3DI-00321-00094714-00094962": "hitchhike as much as we can so i started", "oxzTSetc3DI-00322-00094963-00095316": "in paris and got to hear ukraine i guess", "oxzTSetc3DI-00323-00095317-00095616": "that's a long ways as the long ways 95%", "oxzTSetc3DI-00324-00095617-00095975": "hitchhiking and i started and kiel where", "oxzTSetc3DI-00325-00095976-00096462": "David met me so and we along with in a", "oxzTSetc3DI-00326-00096463-00096648": "couch sir we haven't paid for lodging", "oxzTSetc3DI-00327-00096649-00097035": "yeah we have not either camped or couch", "oxzTSetc3DI-00328-00097036-00097290": "their couch surfed or been hosted by", "oxzTSetc3DI-00329-00097291-00097532": "friends so oh yeah yeah I would ask you", "oxzTSetc3DI-00330-00097533-00097850": "to tell the viewers what Oh surfing is", "oxzTSetc3DI-00331-00097851-00098069": "but that would take like another hour", "oxzTSetc3DI-00332-00098070-00098496": "couchsurfing hospitality exchange google", "oxzTSetc3DI-00333-00098497-00099036": "it it there hey um yeah what do you", "oxzTSetc3DI-00334-00099037-00099441": "think I think these guys are great what", "oxzTSetc3DI-00335-00099442-00099626": "I'm thinking we think Ukraine is great", "oxzTSetc3DI-00336-00099627-00099873": "and Belarus show up when we get there", "oxzTSetc3DI-00337-00099874-00100128": "one day have you have you idea to come", "oxzTSetc3DI-00338-00100129-00100404": "back to Europe maybe two or three years", "oxzTSetc3DI-00339-00100405-00100746": "later I really find it it's really far", "oxzTSetc3DI-00340-00100747-00100949": "from us you know it's other continent", "oxzTSetc3DI-00341-00100950-00101235": "actually I may have an unofficial plan", "oxzTSetc3DI-00342-00101236-00101397": "already starting to come back next mate", "oxzTSetc3DI-00343-00101398-00101843": "oh ok that's a spoiler we wouldn't", "oxzTSetc3DI-00344-00101844-00102168": "deliver I don't have any plans but I", "oxzTSetc3DI-00345-00102169-00102460": "look at it this way you guys have to", "oxzTSetc3DI-00346-00102461-00102728": "jump through hoops to get a visa to go", "oxzTSetc3DI-00347-00102729-00103089": "anywhere and the nations that I can", "oxzTSetc3DI-00348-00103090-00103394": "travel to visa-free like why not jump on", "oxzTSetc3DI-00349-00103395-00103565": "that of course I'm coming back to Europe", "oxzTSetc3DI-00350-00103566-00103766": "yeah I was just talented today we were", "oxzTSetc3DI-00351-00103767-00104069": "sitting in a this coffee place in", "oxzTSetc3DI-00352-00104070-00104504": "mukachevo and yeah and David and Zach", "oxzTSetc3DI-00353-00104505-00104774": "they were like having a cup of coffee Oh", "oxzTSetc3DI-00354-00104775-00105219": "Zach what do you think what visa regime", "oxzTSetc3DI-00355-00105220-00105379": "do we have with remaining", "oxzTSetc3DI-00356-00105380-00105649": "oh yeah I think we're going there", "oxzTSetc3DI-00357-00105650-00106083": "tonight yeah there should be some", "oxzTSetc3DI-00358-00106084-00106434": "trouble hey so if there are some", "oxzTSetc3DI-00359-00106435-00106765": "countries which you need visa yes can", "oxzTSetc3DI-00360-00106766-00106957": "you count them on the fingers or you", "oxzTSetc3DI-00361-00106958-00107299": "need more than 10 large three that yeah", "oxzTSetc3DI-00362-00107300-00107583": "more than 10 fingers butt in gear up not", "oxzTSetc3DI-00363-00107584-00107971": "very many yeah in Europe just Belarus", "oxzTSetc3DI-00364-00107972-00108703": "Russia that's it ask him about languages", "oxzTSetc3DI-00365-00108704-00108967": "oh my god how long do you want to talk", "oxzTSetc3DI-00366-00108968-00109252": "about that is gadgets I don't why are", "oxzTSetc3DI-00367-00109253-00109461": "you learning which is American dogs and", "oxzTSetc3DI-00368-00109463-00109738": "everything that's exactly yeah that's", "oxzTSetc3DI-00369-00109739-00110023": "why see this is this paper here which is", "oxzTSetc3DI-00370-00110024-00110353": "all written the in Polish right uh is it", "oxzTSetc3DI-00371-00110354-00110569": "written in Polish well noting the vacuum", "oxzTSetc3DI-00372-00110570-00110878": "those things are polish jewish and", "oxzTSetc3DI-00373-00110879-00111067": "that's Ukrainian that's my address", "oxzTSetc3DI-00374-00111068-00111298": "somewhere around there yeah there's also", "oxzTSetc3DI-00375-00111299-00111478": "some maps written another language piece", "oxzTSetc3DI-00376-00111479-00111727": "yeah we got plenty that so is it just me", "oxzTSetc3DI-00377-00111728-00112351": "being the hipster no okay maybe initial", "oxzTSetc3DI-00378-00112352-00112794": "motivation was hipsterish but haha I", "oxzTSetc3DI-00379-00112795-00113080": "think what I came to realize and I think", "oxzTSetc3DI-00380-00113081-00113263": "David did too is to get to the heart of", "oxzTSetc3DI-00381-00113264-00113524": "a culture you have to access it via", "oxzTSetc3DI-00382-00113525-00113845": "their their language because there are", "oxzTSetc3DI-00383-00113846-00114009": "certain things that every language can", "oxzTSetc3DI-00384-00114010-00114205": "express and people can always express", "oxzTSetc3DI-00385-00114206-00114384": "themselves best in the time they grew up", "oxzTSetc3DI-00386-00114385-00114667": "with so it's it's very close to people's", "oxzTSetc3DI-00387-00114668-00114928": "hearts and it's really the only way to", "oxzTSetc3DI-00388-00114929-00115158": "get to know people and even if we never", "oxzTSetc3DI-00389-00115159-00115354": "become fluent in some of the languages", "oxzTSetc3DI-00390-00115355-00115651": "we've learned it's it's cultural", "oxzTSetc3DI-00391-00115652-00115857": "appreciation we've seen so many times", "oxzTSetc3DI-00392-00115858-00116227": "often British or Americans but many", "oxzTSetc3DI-00393-00116228-00116548": "others as well who go to a place and", "oxzTSetc3DI-00394-00116549-00116770": "immediately expect everyone to speak", "oxzTSetc3DI-00395-00116771-00117001": "their language and not even be able to", "oxzTSetc3DI-00396-00117002-00117343": "say hello or thank you in the tongue of", "oxzTSetc3DI-00397-00117344-00117802": "the country they're in and it's and we", "oxzTSetc3DI-00398-00117803-00118042": "want to travel not only to see the", "oxzTSetc3DI-00399-00118043-00118185": "churches or the mountains or whatever", "oxzTSetc3DI-00400-00118186-00118458": "but to become a part of the people that", "oxzTSetc3DI-00401-00118459-00118749": "live there and if you don't have an", "oxzTSetc3DI-00402-00118750-00118875": "patient for their language how can you", "oxzTSetc3DI-00403-00118876-00119198": "have an appreciation for their culture", "oxzTSetc3DI-00404-00119199-00119682": "thing cuz it haha dot no photo schemata", "oxzTSetc3DI-00405-00119683-00119946": "yeah it's a good night too I think wrap", "oxzTSetc3DI-00406-00119947-00120372": "this up so yeah we're really really glad", "oxzTSetc3DI-00407-00120373-00120663": "you came it's really nice to see you", "oxzTSetc3DI-00408-00120664-00121092": "again and to meet you yeah and the guys", "oxzTSetc3DI-00409-00121093-00121385": "yeah we were also able to catch David", "oxzTSetc3DI-00410-00121386-00121674": "and France by accident but good yeah", "oxzTSetc3DI-00411-00121675-00121863": "yeah hope to see you guys somewhere else", "oxzTSetc3DI-00412-00121864-00122076": "in the world real soon I'm sure we well", "oxzTSetc3DI-00413-00122077-00122459": "yeah so enough I'd like to us why not I", "oxzTSetc3DI-00414-00122460-00122922": "guess yeah um yeah just a gift for you", "oxzTSetc3DI-00415-00122923-00123348": "guys from Ukraine so this is kind of", "oxzTSetc3DI-00416-00123349-00123533": "more to zag because they know that", "oxzTSetc3DI-00417-00123534-00123760": "collects these which oh that's right", "oxzTSetc3DI-00418-00123761-00124050": "yeah anti give me the name in the", "oxzTSetc3DI-00419-00124051-00124530": "hitchhiker's t oh and I'm really glad", "oxzTSetc3DI-00420-00124531-00124731": "you came to the Europe and maybe you", "oxzTSetc3DI-00421-00124732-00125070": "will bring the idea to travel here into", "oxzTSetc3DI-00422-00125071-00125340": "the Eastern Europe to the ass of course", "oxzTSetc3DI-00423-00125341-00125550": "we well and the more people are going", "oxzTSetc3DI-00424-00125551-00125778": "over here yeah more friends more", "oxzTSetc3DI-00425-00125779-00126035": "connections that always really good yeah", "oxzTSetc3DI-00426-00126036-00126399": "of course and maybe I hope the word", "oxzTSetc3DI-00427-00126400-00126564": "Ukraine will associate with something", "oxzTSetc3DI-00428-00126565-00126939": "good yeah with the time will make make", "oxzTSetc3DI-00429-00126940-00127113": "sure that happens and we'll can you", "oxzTSetc3DI-00430-00127114-00127416": "remember the Ukraine to Ukraine haha and", "oxzTSetc3DI-00431-00127417-00127698": "I developers not other names it's been", "oxzTSetc3DI-00432-00127699-00128709": "known as Billa", "oxzTSetc3DI-00433-00128710-00129254": "and she could yeah so let's go downhill", "oxzTSetc3DI-00434-00129255-00129551": "because we're gonna miss train okay yeah", "oxzTSetc3DI-00435-00129552-00129958": "so it was David and Zach from America", "oxzTSetc3DI-00436-00129959-00130220": "here at de neve it sky castle Maria it", "oxzTSetc3DI-00437-00130221-00130565": "starts the apostrophe end yeah and we", "oxzTSetc3DI-00438-00130566-00131075": "are anton and anatoly from Iranian mom"}}, {"audio_id": "oxcFZoFk3Ko", "text": {"oxcFZoFk3Ko-00000-00010992-00011200": "you"}}, {"audio_id": "oy2XKoAIf3I", "text": {"oy2XKoAIf3I-00000-00000048-00000231": "we're going to talk about how to become", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00001-00000231-00000335": "an effective", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00002-00000336-00000607": "team member i am alex lyon and we are", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00003-00000608-00000782": "going to look at seven ways to", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00004-00000783-00000975": "get better at being a team member and", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00005-00000976-00001191": "better at other people perceiving that", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00006-00001192-00001343": "we are a good team member", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00007-00001344-00001574": "we're working out of bb and masterson's", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00008-00001575-00001734": "book on communicating in small", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00009-00001735-00001951": "groups i will put a link to that book in", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00010-00001952-00002159": "the description below this video", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00011-00002160-00002463": "so research shows that", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00012-00002464-00002767": "when you want to be see be perceived as", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00013-00002768-00003039": "more competent you have to do these", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00014-00003040-00003319": "seven things so that other team members", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00015-00003320-00003454": "will see you that way", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00016-00003455-00003695": "and number one is you have to be there", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00017-00003696-00003815": "you have to", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00018-00003815-00004143": "show up and spend time interacting", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00019-00004144-00004327": "with other people on the team that", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00020-00004328-00004486": "should be obvious but a lot of times", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00021-00004487-00004638": "people don't realize that if they're not", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00022-00004639-00004822": "there then people will question their", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00023-00004823-00005022": "confidence as a team member be there", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00024-00005023-00005222": "show up be consistent and interact with", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00025-00005223-00005335": "people when you're there", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00026-00005336-00005543": "number two talk about the importance of", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00027-00005544-00005751": "trusting one another", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00028-00005752-00006047": "so you make sure that you see trust as", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00029-00006048-00006127": "an explicit", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00030-00006128-00006414": "expectation so you might say phrases", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00031-00006415-00006503": "like", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00032-00006504-00006678": "trust in your team members and let's", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00033-00006679-00006823": "trust each other to do a good job", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00034-00006823-00007046": "one thing i don't recommend however is", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00035-00007047-00007223": "that you say things like", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00036-00007223-00007439": "trust me trust me because if you say", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00037-00007440-00007574": "that too often then", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00038-00007575-00007742": "it will have the opposite effect and", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00039-00007743-00007927": "people will begin to question", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00040-00007928-00008142": "your credibility but it's okay to", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00041-00008143-00008278": "encourage people", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00042-00008279-00008471": "on the team to trust their team members", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00043-00008472-00008655": "and trust people in general", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00044-00008656-00008871": "number three talk about the task that", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00045-00008872-00009063": "the team is working on", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00046-00009064-00009278": "instead of just working quietly on the", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00047-00009279-00009487": "task and not telling anybody", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00048-00009488-00009671": "so you have to communicate that you're", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00049-00009672-00009814": "working on things and give", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00050-00009815-00010095": "updates and let people know that you're", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00051-00010096-00010151": "actually", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00052-00010152-00010391": "active doing team work some people", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00053-00010392-00010463": "prefer", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00054-00010464-00010646": "just like hey if you don't hear from me", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00055-00010647-00010814": "assume the best assume i'm working on it", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00056-00010815-00010951": "but people want updates they want to", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00057-00010952-00011071": "hear you talk about", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00058-00011072-00011295": "that you're working on tasks number four", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00059-00011296-00011414": "be clear", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00060-00011415-00011703": "in your communication one of the key", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00061-00011704-00011870": "things is to avoid", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00062-00011871-00012214": "lots of abbreviations lots of acronyms", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00063-00012215-00012503": "i was at a meeting of about 50 human", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00064-00012504-00012678": "resource professionals from all over the", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00065-00012679-00012855": "world from this global company they all", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00066-00012856-00012991": "came together", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00067-00012991-00013191": "and even though they're experts one of", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00068-00013191-00013303": "them was presenting", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00069-00013304-00013622": "and she used a million acronyms and", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00070-00013623-00013783": "abbreviations for", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00071-00013784-00014047": "for different processes they all worked", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00072-00014047-00014119": "there and", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00073-00014119-00014255": "people started looking at each other", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00074-00014256-00014438": "like what is she talking about", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00075-00014440-00014686": "it was very hard to understand and", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00076-00014687-00014758": "follow her", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00077-00014759-00014911": "because she was talking in this weird", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00078-00014912-00015055": "way she was trying to sound maybe too", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00079-00015056-00015166": "smart", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00080-00015168-00015366": "smarter you know come across that way", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00081-00015368-00015527": "and really it made her communication", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00082-00015528-00015719": "unclear so what you want to do is focus", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00083-00015719-00015838": "on being really clear in your", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00084-00015840-00015999": "communication", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00085-00016000-00016215": "boil your message down so that everybody", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00086-00016216-00016303": "can understand you", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00087-00016304-00016535": "number five listen well if you want to", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00088-00016536-00016647": "be considered a", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00089-00016648-00016807": "more effective team member start", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00090-00016808-00016991": "listening very carefully when people", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00091-00016992-00017055": "talk", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00092-00017056-00017391": "number six talk backstage", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00093-00017392-00017583": "outside of meetings and develop", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00094-00017584-00017719": "relationships", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00095-00017720-00018014": "that are not solely based upon the task", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00096-00018015-00018222": "so you want to connect with other people", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00097-00018223-00018494": "as whole people as well-rounded people", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00098-00018495-00018575": "it can't be", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00099-00018576-00018879": "all business all the time we're", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00100-00018880-00019063": "individual people we're human beings we", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00101-00019064-00019207": "have lives outside of work", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00102-00019208-00019350": "we have interests outside of that", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00103-00019351-00019543": "specific task we're working on", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00104-00019544-00019830": "so connect backstage they say you know", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00105-00019831-00019983": "let your hair down a little bit as the", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00106-00019984-00020094": "expression goes", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00107-00020095-00020271": "loosen up a bit have social", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00108-00020272-00020494": "communication make small talk", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00109-00020495-00020822": "and number seven laugh and have", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00110-00020823-00021135": "appropriate kinds of fun if you", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00111-00021136-00021575": "are all business and you are stiff", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00112-00021576-00021807": "all the time then people will find it", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00113-00021808-00021943": "very hard to relate to you", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00114-00021944-00022199": "and so part of being in a team an", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00115-00022200-00022335": "effective team member", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00116-00022336-00022614": "is providing them positive energy and", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00117-00022615-00022783": "one of the ways you can do that is laugh", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00118-00022784-00022991": "at people's jokes and engage in a little", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00119-00022992-00023039": "bit of", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00120-00023040-00023222": "light and appropriate humor now there", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00121-00023223-00023367": "are also four", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00122-00023368-00023591": "things that you should not do if you", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00123-00023592-00023767": "want to be seen as a", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00124-00023768-00024007": "effective team member don't be negative", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00125-00024008-00024135": "now it's okay to point out", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00126-00024136-00024358": "issues that need to work people need to", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00127-00024359-00024542": "work on and that the leadership needs to", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00128-00024543-00024647": "work on and", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00129-00024648-00024863": "that's fine but you don't want to be", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00130-00024864-00025183": "someone who always goes negative", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00131-00025184-00025478": "that's only in small doses you generally", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00132-00025479-00025567": "want to be positive", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00133-00025568-00025831": "don't use mean humor so we talked about", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00134-00025832-00026006": "laughing and how having a", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00135-00026007-00026206": "appropriate sense of light humor is okay", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00136-00026207-00026399": "and even beneficial in many ways", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00137-00026400-00026655": "but don't aim it at other people don't", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00138-00026656-00026831": "make fun of other people don't call", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00139-00026832-00026870": "people", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00140-00026872-00027127": "out in negative ways people don't tend", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00141-00027127-00027318": "to like that number three don't verbally", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00142-00027319-00027374": "express", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00143-00027375-00027631": "boredom like when someone says hey we", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00144-00027632-00027790": "have a team meeting coming up don't say", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00145-00027791-00027927": "oh", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00146-00027927-00028135": "so bored at these meetings it's so", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00147-00028136-00028246": "boring if you", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00148-00028247-00028567": "talk about how bored you are people will", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00149-00028568-00028902": "instantly see that you are not into this", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00150-00028904-00029102": "and you're not really committed to this", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00151-00029104-00029270": "and number four", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00152-00029272-00029535": "don't grab credit don't jockey for", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00153-00029536-00029646": "position", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00154-00029647-00029990": "or engage in direct self promotion", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00155-00029991-00030183": "don't in other words try to keep", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00156-00030183-00030374": "positioning yourself as the best one", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00157-00030375-00030518": "there and the most successful in there", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00158-00030519-00030646": "and the one who's making all the best", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00159-00030647-00030767": "contributions", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00160-00030768-00031007": "people when you put yourself out there", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00161-00031008-00031143": "too much like that", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00162-00031144-00031311": "people will say oh they're just in this", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00163-00031312-00031462": "for themselves they're not really trying", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00164-00031463-00031607": "to be part of the team", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00165-00031608-00031807": "so there are some ways that you can", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00166-00031808-00031967": "affirmatively become", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00167-00031968-00032135": "a more effective team member and be seen", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00168-00032136-00032287": "that way by others and there's also four", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00169-00032288-00032399": "things that you want to", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00170-00032400-00032655": "avoid if people are to see you as an", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00171-00032656-00032758": "effective team member", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00172-00032760-00032911": "so question of the day which of these do", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00173-00032912-00033079": "you find most interesting which one do", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00174-00033080-00033174": "you personally", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00175-00033175-00033374": "think you could benefit from working on", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00176-00033375-00033527": "i would love to hear your comments in", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00177-00033528-00033718": "that section below the video", "oy2XKoAIf3I-00178-00033719-00034128": "so thanks and i will see you soon"}}, {"audio_id": "oyscgEG38RY", "text": {"oyscgEG38RY-00000-00000048-00000295": "hi i'm arlene graff thanks for watching", "oyscgEG38RY-00001-00000296-00000463": "the title of this session is syllabus", "oyscgEG38RY-00002-00000463-00000623": "tweaks things to keep and things to", "oyscgEG38RY-00003-00000624-00000726": "delete", "oyscgEG38RY-00004-00000727-00000902": "you may already know that i teach on the", "oyscgEG38RY-00005-00000903-00001143": "logan campus at utah state university", "oyscgEG38RY-00006-00001144-00001215": "i", "oyscgEG38RY-00007-00001216-00001358": "am in the nutrition dietetics and food", "oyscgEG38RY-00008-00001359-00001599": "sciences department i also enjoy cycling", "oyscgEG38RY-00009-00001600-00001767": "and bike packing and spending time with", "oyscgEG38RY-00010-00001768-00001895": "my family", "oyscgEG38RY-00011-00001896-00002055": "i'm going to make all the power points", "oyscgEG38RY-00012-00002056-00002239": "for this presentation available", "oyscgEG38RY-00013-00002240-00002391": "including the ones that i took out so", "oyscgEG38RY-00014-00002392-00002615": "that this presentation would stay within", "oyscgEG38RY-00015-00002616-00002758": "a lot of time", "oyscgEG38RY-00016-00002759-00002910": "and so those will include links to all", "oyscgEG38RY-00017-00002911-00003079": "of the resources and", "oyscgEG38RY-00018-00003080-00003270": "examples that i share and i hope that", "oyscgEG38RY-00019-00003271-00003519": "that will be useful to you later on", "oyscgEG38RY-00020-00003520-00003727": "let me just say that i'm not an expert", "oyscgEG38RY-00021-00003728-00003983": "or pro when it comes to syllabi i've", "oyscgEG38RY-00022-00003984-00004199": "made my share of mistakes in the past", "oyscgEG38RY-00023-00004200-00004399": "and my syllabi still have room for", "oyscgEG38RY-00024-00004400-00004702": "improvement however i have", "oyscgEG38RY-00025-00004703-00004863": "learned things and i've progressed and", "oyscgEG38RY-00026-00004864-00005047": "i've made important changes that have", "oyscgEG38RY-00027-00005048-00005254": "been benefited my students", "oyscgEG38RY-00028-00005255-00005454": "and i just want to share some ideas that", "oyscgEG38RY-00029-00005455-00005567": "have helped me", "oyscgEG38RY-00030-00005568-00005799": "and hopefully they'll be useful to you", "oyscgEG38RY-00031-00005800-00005895": "also", "oyscgEG38RY-00032-00005896-00006031": "you may have noticed that there is", "oyscgEG38RY-00033-00006032-00006118": "another", "oyscgEG38RY-00034-00006119-00006270": "session in this conference about your", "oyscgEG38RY-00035-00006271-00006470": "syllabus and white matters this is a", "oyscgEG38RY-00036-00006472-00006678": "live session by dr harrison kleiner", "oyscgEG38RY-00037-00006679-00006927": "heidi kessler and janet anderson", "oyscgEG38RY-00038-00006928-00007095": "i'm sure it will be excellent so i hope", "oyscgEG38RY-00039-00007095-00007239": "that you'll be able to attend", "oyscgEG38RY-00040-00007240-00007510": "or listen to the video recording later", "oyscgEG38RY-00041-00007511-00007623": "on", "oyscgEG38RY-00042-00007623-00007887": "um and then hopefully um this session", "oyscgEG38RY-00043-00007888-00008031": "and their session will complement each", "oyscgEG38RY-00044-00008031-00008231": "other and you'll gain some new insights", "oyscgEG38RY-00045-00008232-00008399": "from each one", "oyscgEG38RY-00046-00008400-00008535": "that will", "oyscgEG38RY-00047-00008536-00008678": "help you when you create your own", "oyscgEG38RY-00048-00008679-00008799": "syllabus", "oyscgEG38RY-00049-00008800-00008959": "okay so in this session i just want to", "oyscgEG38RY-00050-00008960-00009103": "share some new ideas examples and", "oyscgEG38RY-00051-00009104-00009287": "formats that will make", "oyscgEG38RY-00052-00009288-00009487": "your syllabus more functional for you", "oyscgEG38RY-00053-00009488-00009703": "but also more warm welcoming and", "oyscgEG38RY-00054-00009704-00009910": "user-friendly for your students", "oyscgEG38RY-00055-00009911-00010046": "so let's start with the purpose of a", "oyscgEG38RY-00056-00010047-00010167": "syllabus we're going to talk about", "oyscgEG38RY-00057-00010168-00010446": "layout length and language", "oyscgEG38RY-00058-00010447-00010623": "and we'll address things to keep or", "oyscgEG38RY-00059-00010624-00010774": "adopt and then things to delete or", "oyscgEG38RY-00060-00010775-00010863": "adjust", "oyscgEG38RY-00061-00010864-00011078": "in all three of those areas", "oyscgEG38RY-00062-00011079-00011283": "we'll also end with some examples and", "oyscgEG38RY-00063-00011284-00011519": "resources so first let's talk about the", "oyscgEG38RY-00064-00011520-00011710": "purpose of a syllabus", "oyscgEG38RY-00065-00011711-00011951": "most sources agree that a syllabus", "oyscgEG38RY-00066-00011952-00012110": "generally functions in at least three", "oyscgEG38RY-00067-00012111-00012367": "ways first of all it's a roadmap", "oyscgEG38RY-00068-00012368-00012535": "and shows where you're going over the", "oyscgEG38RY-00069-00012536-00012655": "course of the", "oyscgEG38RY-00070-00012656-00012983": "semester and then it's also a contract", "oyscgEG38RY-00071-00012984-00013158": "and it's an indicator to students of", "oyscgEG38RY-00072-00013159-00013343": "what type of experience they can expect", "oyscgEG38RY-00073-00013344-00013463": "in your course", "oyscgEG38RY-00074-00013463-00013622": "it also often", "oyscgEG38RY-00075-00013623-00013911": "becomes a first impression", "oyscgEG38RY-00076-00013912-00014111": "for what type of instructor you're going", "oyscgEG38RY-00077-00014112-00014391": "to be and so it's worth investing some", "oyscgEG38RY-00078-00014391-00014630": "time in and i know that most", "oyscgEG38RY-00079-00014631-00014822": "students do see their syllabus as an", "oyscgEG38RY-00080-00014823-00015007": "important document", "oyscgEG38RY-00081-00015008-00015175": "and", "oyscgEG38RY-00082-00015176-00015375": "spend a lot of time on it and yet many", "oyscgEG38RY-00083-00015376-00015566": "of our students", "oyscgEG38RY-00084-00015568-00015743": "feel overwhelmed or intimidated or", "oyscgEG38RY-00085-00015744-00015966": "confused by traditional syllabi", "oyscgEG38RY-00086-00015968-00016166": "many students report that it's too long", "oyscgEG38RY-00087-00016168-00016294": "or that", "oyscgEG38RY-00088-00016295-00016439": "it's boring and it's hard to find", "oyscgEG38RY-00089-00016440-00016591": "information", "oyscgEG38RY-00090-00016592-00016815": "and i know many instructors myself", "oyscgEG38RY-00091-00016816-00017030": "included who often think well if", "oyscgEG38RY-00092-00017031-00017263": "students would just read the syllabus", "oyscgEG38RY-00093-00017264-00017422": "they'd find that answers to their", "oyscgEG38RY-00094-00017423-00017550": "questions or they wouldn't struggle in", "oyscgEG38RY-00095-00017551-00017703": "my course so much", "oyscgEG38RY-00096-00017704-00017919": "and yet i think one of the things we can", "oyscgEG38RY-00097-00017920-00018111": "do better on as instructors is making", "oyscgEG38RY-00098-00018112-00018230": "our syllabi", "oyscgEG38RY-00099-00018231-00018447": "easier to reference and find information", "oyscgEG38RY-00100-00018448-00018727": "in so that it's easier to navigate", "oyscgEG38RY-00101-00018728-00018886": "and scan", "oyscgEG38RY-00102-00018887-00019150": "and so that students can", "oyscgEG38RY-00103-00019151-00019375": "find what they're looking for", "oyscgEG38RY-00104-00019376-00019647": "to begin with so let's talk about layout", "oyscgEG38RY-00105-00019648-00019847": "length and language when it comes to", "oyscgEG38RY-00106-00019848-00020030": "layout that means the format of your", "oyscgEG38RY-00107-00020031-00020358": "syllabus or the terrain how it looks", "oyscgEG38RY-00108-00020359-00020519": "and so i want you to think of yourself", "oyscgEG38RY-00109-00020520-00020750": "as a cyclist", "oyscgEG38RY-00110-00020751-00020935": "this is a relatively new hobby for me", "oyscgEG38RY-00111-00020936-00021127": "it's one that i'm really enjoying", "oyscgEG38RY-00112-00021128-00021303": "but in every race or competition that", "oyscgEG38RY-00113-00021304-00021519": "i've competed in so far they always", "oyscgEG38RY-00114-00021520-00021647": "provide", "oyscgEG38RY-00115-00021648-00021975": "a map of the course or the route", "oyscgEG38RY-00116-00021976-00022175": "well in advance and that gives every", "oyscgEG38RY-00117-00022176-00022478": "writer a chance to kind of", "oyscgEG38RY-00118-00022479-00022678": "see what's coming up what to be prepared", "oyscgEG38RY-00119-00022679-00022919": "for know where the heels are going to be", "oyscgEG38RY-00120-00022920-00023127": "know what certain", "oyscgEG38RY-00121-00023128-00023407": "mile post to look for and yours your", "oyscgEG38RY-00122-00023408-00023639": "syllabus can function in the same way", "oyscgEG38RY-00123-00023640-00023750": "where", "oyscgEG38RY-00124-00023751-00024007": "it's a it's a way to communicate to your", "oyscgEG38RY-00125-00024008-00024142": "students what parts are going to be", "oyscgEG38RY-00126-00024143-00024247": "heavy", "oyscgEG38RY-00127-00024248-00024407": "and where it's going to be lighter and", "oyscgEG38RY-00128-00024408-00024639": "where they need to be at specific times", "oyscgEG38RY-00129-00024640-00024919": "and so adding visual elements really", "oyscgEG38RY-00130-00024920-00025039": "helps", "oyscgEG38RY-00131-00025040-00025230": "communicate that things like graphs", "oyscgEG38RY-00132-00025231-00025503": "charts pictures it also makes your", "oyscgEG38RY-00133-00025504-00025750": "syllabus easier to read and find", "oyscgEG38RY-00134-00025751-00025918": "information in", "oyscgEG38RY-00135-00025919-00026062": "adding", "oyscgEG38RY-00136-00026063-00026311": "subheadings and putting an outline form", "oyscgEG38RY-00137-00026312-00026479": "makes it more scannable and easier to", "oyscgEG38RY-00138-00026480-00026574": "read", "oyscgEG38RY-00139-00026575-00026870": "and easier to reference also columns", "oyscgEG38RY-00140-00026872-00027079": "tables boxes and lists", "oyscgEG38RY-00141-00027080-00027270": "help all of us but they're especially", "oyscgEG38RY-00142-00027272-00027551": "useful for students who have dyslexia or", "oyscgEG38RY-00143-00027552-00027631": "other", "oyscgEG38RY-00144-00027632-00027831": "learning disabilities", "oyscgEG38RY-00145-00027832-00028023": "the font that you use is important use a", "oyscgEG38RY-00146-00028024-00028223": "sans serif font one that's easy to read", "oyscgEG38RY-00147-00028224-00028455": "and simple and then some white space", "oyscgEG38RY-00148-00028456-00028662": "also improves readability", "oyscgEG38RY-00149-00028663-00028927": "if you add color that often helps um", "oyscgEG38RY-00150-00028927-00029039": "that's not", "oyscgEG38RY-00151-00029039-00029199": "always required but", "oyscgEG38RY-00152-00029200-00029358": "um", "oyscgEG38RY-00153-00029360-00029702": "a little color goes a long way", "oyscgEG38RY-00154-00029704-00030127": "this journal article says that students", "oyscgEG38RY-00155-00030127-00030351": "usually perceive their instructors to be", "oyscgEG38RY-00156-00030352-00030527": "kinder more creative and more", "oyscgEG38RY-00157-00030527-00030687": "approachable", "oyscgEG38RY-00158-00030688-00030883": "if the if the", "oyscgEG38RY-00159-00030883-00031111": "syllabus is", "oyscgEG38RY-00160-00031112-00031327": "has visual elements", "oyscgEG38RY-00161-00031327-00031455": "and so", "oyscgEG38RY-00162-00031456-00031655": "adding in", "oyscgEG38RY-00163-00031656-00031862": "some graphs tables and pictures will", "oyscgEG38RY-00164-00031863-00032014": "help your students but it will also help", "oyscgEG38RY-00165-00032016-00032102": "you", "oyscgEG38RY-00166-00032103-00032214": "and it will also improve the", "oyscgEG38RY-00167-00032216-00032446": "relationship between both of you", "oyscgEG38RY-00168-00032447-00032655": "and so", "oyscgEG38RY-00169-00032656-00032807": "things to take out with layout are", "oyscgEG38RY-00170-00032808-00033102": "things to avoid would be", "oyscgEG38RY-00171-00033103-00033287": "fonts that are hard to read", "oyscgEG38RY-00172-00033288-00033495": "uh times new romans", "oyscgEG38RY-00173-00033496-00033799": "is considered a serif font and so you", "oyscgEG38RY-00174-00033800-00034031": "know it's worth considering", "oyscgEG38RY-00175-00034032-00034279": "changing that if you use times new roman", "oyscgEG38RY-00176-00034280-00034383": "in your", "oyscgEG38RY-00177-00034384-00034527": "syllabus change it to something that's", "oyscgEG38RY-00178-00034528-00034790": "simpler to to read and then also be", "oyscgEG38RY-00179-00034791-00034967": "careful about too much color or certain", "oyscgEG38RY-00180-00034968-00035215": "types of colors some students are color", "oyscgEG38RY-00181-00035216-00035446": "blind or some students have sensory", "oyscgEG38RY-00182-00035447-00035639": "processing disorders", "oyscgEG38RY-00183-00035640-00035823": "and", "oyscgEG38RY-00184-00035824-00036007": "or adhd and so", "oyscgEG38RY-00185-00036008-00036199": "overdoing the visual effects for the", "oyscgEG38RY-00186-00036200-00036551": "visual colors like the syllabus has done", "oyscgEG38RY-00187-00036552-00036815": "and um kind of be distressing", "oyscgEG38RY-00188-00036816-00036959": "and so", "oyscgEG38RY-00189-00036960-00037127": "this is actually a good syllabus in a", "oyscgEG38RY-00190-00037128-00037255": "lot of ways", "oyscgEG38RY-00191-00037256-00037527": "but in terms of colors and visual effect", "oyscgEG38RY-00192-00037528-00037743": "it goes overboard", "oyscgEG38RY-00193-00037744-00037927": "so let's do length think of yourself as", "oyscgEG38RY-00194-00037928-00038039": "a backpacker", "oyscgEG38RY-00195-00038040-00038199": "when you go backpacking", "oyscgEG38RY-00196-00038200-00038327": "you want your pack to be as light as", "oyscgEG38RY-00197-00038328-00038535": "possible especially if you're going on a", "oyscgEG38RY-00198-00038536-00038662": "long trip", "oyscgEG38RY-00199-00038663-00038855": "and yet you want to include all of the", "oyscgEG38RY-00200-00038856-00039039": "essential", "oyscgEG38RY-00201-00039040-00039199": "things that you're going to need", "oyscgEG38RY-00202-00039200-00039415": "and so in your syllabus you want to keep", "oyscgEG38RY-00203-00039416-00039671": "it short and tight and concise but you", "oyscgEG38RY-00204-00039672-00039895": "also want to give students enough", "oyscgEG38RY-00205-00039896-00040030": "information", "oyscgEG38RY-00206-00040031-00040271": "and so one of the things you can do is", "oyscgEG38RY-00207-00040272-00040359": "change", "oyscgEG38RY-00208-00040360-00040702": "things like the text size or the font", "oyscgEG38RY-00209-00040703-00040839": "style", "oyscgEG38RY-00210-00040840-00040943": "or the", "oyscgEG38RY-00211-00040944-00041095": "margin space", "oyscgEG38RY-00212-00041096-00041262": "but you can also add things like a table", "oyscgEG38RY-00213-00041263-00041407": "of contents to make it easier to", "oyscgEG38RY-00214-00041408-00041567": "navigate", "oyscgEG38RY-00215-00041568-00041879": "i love using hyperlinks so that i can", "oyscgEG38RY-00216-00041880-00042239": "reference information in another place", "oyscgEG38RY-00217-00042240-00042430": "and then it doesn't take up space in my", "oyscgEG38RY-00218-00042431-00042679": "syllabus uh videos have also been really", "oyscgEG38RY-00219-00042680-00042895": "useful for me so my husband and i", "oyscgEG38RY-00220-00042896-00043151": "recently purchased a new washer and", "oyscgEG38RY-00221-00043152-00043399": "dryer", "oyscgEG38RY-00222-00043400-00043639": "and the owner's manual is really long", "oyscgEG38RY-00223-00043640-00043862": "it's 100 pages and it's a great owner's", "oyscgEG38RY-00224-00043863-00044079": "manual it's very detailed it gives lots", "oyscgEG38RY-00225-00044080-00044327": "of good step-by-step instructions and", "oyscgEG38RY-00226-00044328-00044415": "yet", "oyscgEG38RY-00227-00044416-00044590": "it felt kind of overwhelming in the", "oyscgEG38RY-00228-00044591-00044767": "beginning and so what we did instead is", "oyscgEG38RY-00229-00044768-00044911": "we went to youtube", "oyscgEG38RY-00230-00044912-00045039": "and we", "oyscgEG38RY-00231-00045040-00045215": "looked up short videos about how to get", "oyscgEG38RY-00232-00045216-00045335": "started", "oyscgEG38RY-00233-00045336-00045615": "um how to install things everything else", "oyscgEG38RY-00234-00045616-00045823": "and then we've used the videos and the", "oyscgEG38RY-00235-00045824-00046039": "owner's manual", "oyscgEG38RY-00236-00046040-00046190": "together since then because they", "oyscgEG38RY-00237-00046191-00046335": "complement each other", "oyscgEG38RY-00238-00046336-00046455": "and so", "oyscgEG38RY-00239-00046456-00046686": "i i hope that you'll", "oyscgEG38RY-00240-00046687-00046855": "try out the same type of concept with", "oyscgEG38RY-00241-00046856-00047046": "your syllabus and rather than just", "oyscgEG38RY-00242-00047047-00047255": "providing an owner's manual", "oyscgEG38RY-00243-00047256-00047479": "create some videos also and those videos", "oyscgEG38RY-00244-00047480-00047790": "can either summarize your syllabus or", "oyscgEG38RY-00245-00047791-00047999": "sections of your syllabus", "oyscgEG38RY-00246-00048000-00048230": "kind of like these videos do", "oyscgEG38RY-00247-00048231-00048390": "where they just kind of do a cliff notes", "oyscgEG38RY-00248-00048391-00048623": "version of the syllabus and key points", "oyscgEG38RY-00249-00048624-00048830": "or they can expand on things that your", "oyscgEG38RY-00250-00048831-00049127": "syllabus addresses or refers to", "oyscgEG38RY-00251-00049128-00049390": "so these videos go into more depth on", "oyscgEG38RY-00252-00049391-00049558": "certain assignments and then you provide", "oyscgEG38RY-00253-00049559-00049711": "more instructions or", "oyscgEG38RY-00254-00049712-00049935": "or more examples but and then i don't", "oyscgEG38RY-00255-00049936-00050095": "have to take up space in the syllabus to", "oyscgEG38RY-00256-00050096-00050286": "do that", "oyscgEG38RY-00257-00050287-00050399": "so", "oyscgEG38RY-00258-00050400-00050590": "once again with length uh take out", "oyscgEG38RY-00259-00050591-00050855": "unnecessary text and white space we tend", "oyscgEG38RY-00260-00050856-00050990": "to", "oyscgEG38RY-00261-00050991-00051167": "collect more information from year to", "oyscgEG38RY-00262-00051168-00051407": "year instead of cleaning out the clutter", "oyscgEG38RY-00263-00051408-00051582": "and so um", "oyscgEG38RY-00264-00051583-00051766": "it's important to go through", "oyscgEG38RY-00265-00051767-00052007": "on occasion and just", "oyscgEG38RY-00266-00052008-00052199": "you know determine whether or not", "oyscgEG38RY-00267-00052200-00052479": "a paragraph can be condensed or taken", "oyscgEG38RY-00268-00052479-00052711": "out also take out any words or acronyms", "oyscgEG38RY-00269-00052712-00052830": "that would be unfamiliar to someone", "oyscgEG38RY-00270-00052832-00053087": "outside of your field of study or else", "oyscgEG38RY-00271-00053088-00053223": "explain what they", "oyscgEG38RY-00272-00053224-00053359": "mean", "oyscgEG38RY-00273-00053360-00053647": "we already talked about using hyperlinks", "oyscgEG38RY-00274-00053648-00053991": "and so here's an example um", "oyscgEG38RY-00275-00053991-00054126": "this is", "oyscgEG38RY-00276-00054127-00054399": "a website from the usu provost office", "oyscgEG38RY-00277-00054400-00054542": "where they", "oyscgEG38RY-00278-00054544-00054863": "like they've provided free paragraphs", "oyscgEG38RY-00279-00054864-00055094": "about lots of different", "oyscgEG38RY-00280-00055095-00055271": "policies at usu", "oyscgEG38RY-00281-00055272-00055430": "and you can go in there as an instructor", "oyscgEG38RY-00282-00055432-00055559": "and copy and paste and add things to", "oyscgEG38RY-00283-00055560-00055687": "your syllabus", "oyscgEG38RY-00284-00055688-00055935": "and i did that a lot in the past", "oyscgEG38RY-00285-00055936-00056135": "but now i", "oyscgEG38RY-00286-00056136-00056294": "just add one sentence that says", "oyscgEG38RY-00287-00056295-00056511": "additional usc policies regarding x y", "oyscgEG38RY-00288-00056512-00056599": "and z", "oyscgEG38RY-00289-00056600-00056815": "can be found here on this page and then", "oyscgEG38RY-00290-00056816-00057007": "it refers them to that page", "oyscgEG38RY-00291-00057008-00057135": "and so", "oyscgEG38RY-00292-00057136-00057326": "if at some point they need more", "oyscgEG38RY-00293-00057327-00057599": "information on the grievance process for", "oyscgEG38RY-00294-00057600-00057742": "example or", "oyscgEG38RY-00295-00057744-00057942": "or sexual harassment then they can go to", "oyscgEG38RY-00296-00057944-00058142": "this page and find what they need but", "oyscgEG38RY-00297-00058144-00058287": "then it doesn't take up", "oyscgEG38RY-00298-00058288-00058519": "extra space in my syllabus", "oyscgEG38RY-00299-00058520-00058726": "let's talk about language this part is", "oyscgEG38RY-00300-00058727-00058863": "really important", "oyscgEG38RY-00301-00058864-00059199": "because um it's an indicator of", "oyscgEG38RY-00302-00059200-00059271": "of", "oyscgEG38RY-00303-00059272-00059407": "the tone", "oyscgEG38RY-00304-00059408-00059623": "that you're going to bring to the class", "oyscgEG38RY-00305-00059624-00059919": "and so um", "oyscgEG38RY-00306-00059920-00060094": "think about being a parent i have a", "oyscgEG38RY-00307-00060095-00060223": "little girl", "oyscgEG38RY-00308-00060224-00060375": "and she's", "oyscgEG38RY-00309-00060376-00060647": "very in tune to the tone of my voice and", "oyscgEG38RY-00310-00060648-00060791": "what that means", "oyscgEG38RY-00311-00060791-00060991": "and she can usually track", "oyscgEG38RY-00312-00060991-00061150": "what my mood is and how she should", "oyscgEG38RY-00313-00061151-00061359": "interact with me and all of that stuff", "oyscgEG38RY-00314-00061360-00061559": "and your students", "oyscgEG38RY-00315-00061560-00061682": "um", "oyscgEG38RY-00316-00061683-00061999": "are in tune to that also and so when i", "oyscgEG38RY-00317-00062000-00062175": "say think of yourself as a parent i", "oyscgEG38RY-00318-00062176-00062375": "don't mean a dictator", "oyscgEG38RY-00319-00062376-00062511": "or disciplinarian or someone who", "oyscgEG38RY-00320-00062512-00062615": "dominates", "oyscgEG38RY-00321-00062616-00062871": "instead i mean someone who's a mentor", "oyscgEG38RY-00322-00062872-00063030": "and someone who's invested in growth and", "oyscgEG38RY-00323-00063032-00063391": "development and someone who", "oyscgEG38RY-00324-00063391-00063550": "is respectful and encouraging and", "oyscgEG38RY-00325-00063551-00063654": "inviting", "oyscgEG38RY-00326-00063655-00063854": "and so if you'll use language in your", "oyscgEG38RY-00327-00063855-00064047": "syllabus", "oyscgEG38RY-00328-00064048-00064311": "that", "oyscgEG38RY-00329-00064312-00064630": "is focused on growth and learning and", "oyscgEG38RY-00330-00064632-00064854": "invite students to participate in your", "oyscgEG38RY-00331-00064855-00065030": "course rather than", "oyscgEG38RY-00332-00065032-00065247": "you know you know just being a document", "oyscgEG38RY-00333-00065248-00065406": "of rules", "oyscgEG38RY-00334-00065407-00065655": "then that will go a long way make sure", "oyscgEG38RY-00335-00065656-00065799": "that your policies are equitable and", "oyscgEG38RY-00336-00065800-00066094": "flexible and unfair", "oyscgEG38RY-00337-00066095-00066238": "equitable that means that they can be", "oyscgEG38RY-00338-00066239-00066494": "adjusted to fit", "oyscgEG38RY-00339-00066495-00066719": "different students and different needs", "oyscgEG38RY-00340-00066720-00067015": "and different circumstances", "oyscgEG38RY-00341-00067016-00067206": "also explaining the why", "oyscgEG38RY-00342-00067207-00067471": "behind certain policies and and the", "oyscgEG38RY-00343-00067472-00067631": "coursework that you're", "oyscgEG38RY-00344-00067632-00067967": "requiring is also important because uh", "oyscgEG38RY-00345-00067968-00068143": "and it doesn't just seem like a list of", "oyscgEG38RY-00346-00068144-00068294": "work", "oyscgEG38RY-00347-00068295-00068494": "um this", "oyscgEG38RY-00348-00068495-00068687": "article was", "oyscgEG38RY-00349-00068688-00068871": "really left an impression on me", "oyscgEG38RY-00350-00068872-00069038": "it's one that i hope that you'll take a", "oyscgEG38RY-00351-00069039-00069311": "look at but the author says this", "oyscgEG38RY-00352-00069312-00069526": "he says the traditional syllabus is real", "oyscgEG38RY-00353-00069527-00069767": "infested punitive and controlling the", "oyscgEG38RY-00354-00069768-00069926": "tone of the typical syllabus is more", "oyscgEG38RY-00355-00069927-00070071": "akin to something that might be handed", "oyscgEG38RY-00356-00070072-00070215": "to a prisoner on the first day of", "oyscgEG38RY-00357-00070216-00070423": "incarceration", "oyscgEG38RY-00358-00070424-00070638": "so i know that seems a bit dramatic and", "oyscgEG38RY-00359-00070639-00070806": "yet i don't think he's wrong i think", "oyscgEG38RY-00360-00070807-00071055": "sometimes our syllabi appears", "oyscgEG38RY-00361-00071056-00071191": "too formal", "oyscgEG38RY-00362-00071192-00071487": "and and too rule based and so he goes on", "oyscgEG38RY-00363-00071488-00071791": "to see a detailed legalistic syllabus is", "oyscgEG38RY-00364-00071792-00071991": "diametrically opposed to what makes", "oyscgEG38RY-00365-00071992-00072175": "students want to learn controlling", "oyscgEG38RY-00366-00072176-00072294": "environments have been shown to", "oyscgEG38RY-00367-00072295-00072519": "consistently reduce people's interest in", "oyscgEG38RY-00368-00072520-00072759": "whatever they're doing or learning", "oyscgEG38RY-00369-00072760-00072943": "and so when you construct your policies", "oyscgEG38RY-00370-00072944-00073055": "and i know that there's a lot that you", "oyscgEG38RY-00371-00073056-00073199": "need to think about", "oyscgEG38RY-00372-00073200-00073375": "and consider", "oyscgEG38RY-00373-00073376-00073511": "but", "oyscgEG38RY-00374-00073512-00073687": "um", "oyscgEG38RY-00375-00073688-00073919": "ask yourself", "oyscgEG38RY-00376-00073920-00074150": "are you", "oyscgEG38RY-00377-00074151-00074375": "meeting students where they are", "oyscgEG38RY-00378-00074376-00074615": "are you showing respect are you", "oyscgEG38RY-00379-00074616-00074775": "communicating that you trust them and", "oyscgEG38RY-00380-00074776-00074943": "that you believe in them", "oyscgEG38RY-00381-00074944-00075023": "and", "oyscgEG38RY-00382-00075024-00075447": "that you're on their side or are you", "oyscgEG38RY-00383-00075448-00075638": "coming across as someone who's", "oyscgEG38RY-00384-00075639-00075894": "diametrically opposed to their", "oyscgEG38RY-00385-00075895-00076062": "uh learning", "oyscgEG38RY-00386-00076063-00076326": "so here's examples of policies to", "oyscgEG38RY-00387-00076327-00076735": "rethink and and some things that you can", "oyscgEG38RY-00388-00076736-00076887": "include or incorporate that might be", "oyscgEG38RY-00389-00076888-00077087": "useful and you know just offer a little", "oyscgEG38RY-00390-00077088-00077238": "more breathing room", "oyscgEG38RY-00391-00077239-00077343": "for", "oyscgEG38RY-00392-00077344-00077543": "students who are humans instead of", "oyscgEG38RY-00393-00077544-00077679": "robots", "oyscgEG38RY-00394-00077680-00077806": "and um", "oyscgEG38RY-00395-00077807-00078015": "anyway something to think about also be", "oyscgEG38RY-00396-00078016-00078175": "aware", "oyscgEG38RY-00397-00078176-00078311": "of language", "oyscgEG38RY-00398-00078312-00078550": "that may come across as punitive harsh", "oyscgEG38RY-00399-00078551-00078815": "derogatory or demanding and take that", "oyscgEG38RY-00400-00078816-00079006": "out if it's not aligned with who you", "oyscgEG38RY-00401-00079007-00079175": "want to be as a teacher or how you want", "oyscgEG38RY-00402-00079176-00079303": "to be", "oyscgEG38RY-00403-00079304-00079494": "um", "oyscgEG38RY-00404-00079495-00079726": "in relation to your students then", "oyscgEG38RY-00405-00079727-00079926": "then just sneak out", "oyscgEG38RY-00406-00079927-00080191": "also be careful about all caps", "oyscgEG38RY-00407-00080192-00080455": "and bold text and underlining because as", "oyscgEG38RY-00408-00080456-00080687": "this author states the net effect of", "oyscgEG38RY-00409-00080688-00080831": "those things", "oyscgEG38RY-00410-00080832-00080982": "is that of a teacher yelling at the", "oyscgEG38RY-00411-00080983-00081143": "student", "oyscgEG38RY-00412-00081144-00081287": "so", "oyscgEG38RY-00413-00081288-00081582": "i actually do use all caps and bold text", "oyscgEG38RY-00414-00081583-00081662": "on", "oyscgEG38RY-00415-00081663-00081887": "in my syllabi but i only use it for", "oyscgEG38RY-00416-00081888-00082206": "navigation purposes so that it's easy to", "oyscgEG38RY-00417-00082207-00082431": "scan and people can find information", "oyscgEG38RY-00418-00082432-00082543": "quickly", "oyscgEG38RY-00419-00082544-00082718": "and every", "oyscgEG38RY-00420-00082719-00082879": "paragraph has a descriptor at the", "oyscgEG38RY-00421-00082880-00083150": "beginning that it explains in one or two", "oyscgEG38RY-00422-00083151-00083391": "words what it's going to be about", "oyscgEG38RY-00423-00083392-00083806": "so here's some examples and resources", "oyscgEG38RY-00424-00083807-00084015": "canvas includes a", "oyscgEG38RY-00425-00084016-00084150": "syllabus tool", "oyscgEG38RY-00426-00084151-00084375": "where it imports a template syllabus for", "oyscgEG38RY-00427-00084376-00084631": "you this was designed by", "oyscgEG38RY-00428-00084632-00084831": "awesome people at usu and it's such a", "oyscgEG38RY-00429-00084832-00085079": "great tool i hope you know about it if", "oyscgEG38RY-00430-00085080-00085231": "you go to your", "oyscgEG38RY-00431-00085232-00085391": "course syllabus page", "oyscgEG38RY-00432-00085392-00085559": "click on the edit button then you can", "oyscgEG38RY-00433-00085560-00085799": "add the usu syllabus template and it", "oyscgEG38RY-00434-00085800-00086111": "will import all of the usb policies", "oyscgEG38RY-00435-00086112-00086303": "they're all updated", "oyscgEG38RY-00436-00086304-00086455": "and", "oyscgEG38RY-00437-00086456-00086823": "they update from semester to semester", "oyscgEG38RY-00438-00086824-00086943": "and then from here you can go in and", "oyscgEG38RY-00439-00086944-00087087": "fill in the information that's relevant", "oyscgEG38RY-00440-00087088-00087206": "to your course", "oyscgEG38RY-00441-00087207-00087367": "so i think there are a lot of upsides to", "oyscgEG38RY-00442-00087368-00087711": "having a syllabus template and using it", "oyscgEG38RY-00443-00087712-00087967": "and yet i also think that sometimes", "oyscgEG38RY-00444-00087968-00088206": "students might become blind", "oyscgEG38RY-00445-00088207-00088438": "to certain information in syllabi", "oyscgEG38RY-00446-00088439-00088679": "especially if everyone's looks the same", "oyscgEG38RY-00447-00088680-00089079": "and so here are some ways to emphasize", "oyscgEG38RY-00448-00089080-00089326": "yours or personalize it", "oyscgEG38RY-00449-00089327-00089511": "so that students don't miss information", "oyscgEG38RY-00450-00089512-00089647": "that you want them to know", "oyscgEG38RY-00451-00089648-00089791": "you can do a visual syllabus or", "oyscgEG38RY-00452-00089792-00090062": "infographic here's some examples from", "oyscgEG38RY-00453-00090063-00090238": "two courses that i teach this is the", "oyscgEG38RY-00454-00090239-00090423": "first page of both of them", "oyscgEG38RY-00455-00090424-00090711": "and a little bit goes a long way", "oyscgEG38RY-00456-00090712-00090918": "and so adding in", "oyscgEG38RY-00457-00090919-00091255": "tables or graphs or lists really seems", "oyscgEG38RY-00458-00091256-00091503": "to help students digest information", "oyscgEG38RY-00459-00091504-00091655": "more and it makes it easier to", "oyscgEG38RY-00460-00091656-00091903": "understand and reference quickly", "oyscgEG38RY-00461-00091904-00092335": "so um consider that a liquid syllabus is", "oyscgEG38RY-00462-00092336-00092462": "something that's heavily promoted by", "oyscgEG38RY-00463-00092463-00092775": "michelle picansky brock", "oyscgEG38RY-00464-00092776-00092950": "she contends that", "oyscgEG38RY-00465-00092951-00093159": "this style of syllabus", "oyscgEG38RY-00466-00093160-00093303": "which is just", "oyscgEG38RY-00467-00093304-00093574": "open access on a website", "oyscgEG38RY-00468-00093575-00093871": "um is useful because it adds a", "oyscgEG38RY-00469-00093872-00094047": "humanizing element", "oyscgEG38RY-00470-00094048-00094335": "and you can import videos and you can um", "oyscgEG38RY-00471-00094336-00094599": "interact with your students in it", "oyscgEG38RY-00472-00094600-00094694": "in", "oyscgEG38RY-00473-00094695-00094894": "kind of a more natural way", "oyscgEG38RY-00474-00094895-00095126": "than a traditional syllabus she also", "oyscgEG38RY-00475-00095127-00095271": "teaches a course about how to create a", "oyscgEG38RY-00476-00095272-00095415": "liquid syllabus and you can click on the", "oyscgEG38RY-00477-00095416-00095679": "link here to gain access it's it's a", "oyscgEG38RY-00478-00095680-00095791": "free", "oyscgEG38RY-00479-00095792-00095943": "resource", "oyscgEG38RY-00480-00095944-00096150": "you can do an interactive syllabus where", "oyscgEG38RY-00481-00096151-00096350": "you kind of walk through stu you walk", "oyscgEG38RY-00482-00096351-00096487": "students through your", "oyscgEG38RY-00483-00096488-00096735": "syllabus piece by piece", "oyscgEG38RY-00484-00096736-00096982": "or you divide it into chunks or sections", "oyscgEG38RY-00485-00096983-00097135": "and then they go through and then they", "oyscgEG38RY-00486-00097136-00097311": "respond to different parts of your", "oyscgEG38RY-00487-00097312-00097423": "syllabus", "oyscgEG38RY-00488-00097424-00097591": "by answering questions or you know", "oyscgEG38RY-00489-00097592-00097823": "adding feedback or something else so", "oyscgEG38RY-00490-00097824-00098191": "here are links to two examples", "oyscgEG38RY-00491-00098192-00098447": "both of them have used qualtrics", "oyscgEG38RY-00492-00098448-00098567": "and", "oyscgEG38RY-00493-00098568-00098767": "you could do that also or", "oyscgEG38RY-00494-00098768-00099055": "you could use atomic assessments or the", "oyscgEG38RY-00495-00099056-00099255": "quiz tool in canvas there's lots of ways", "oyscgEG38RY-00496-00099256-00099535": "to do an interactive syllabus", "oyscgEG38RY-00497-00099536-00099694": "a collaborative syllabus is where you", "oyscgEG38RY-00498-00099695-00099847": "invite students to participate in the", "oyscgEG38RY-00499-00099848-00100094": "process of creating a syllabus with you", "oyscgEG38RY-00500-00100095-00100335": "and this is something", "oyscgEG38RY-00501-00100336-00100511": "that this author", "oyscgEG38RY-00502-00100512-00100767": "recommends and does and he's had a good", "oyscgEG38RY-00503-00100768-00100967": "experience with it", "oyscgEG38RY-00504-00100968-00101047": "i", "oyscgEG38RY-00505-00101048-00101279": "tried this a year ago in a 4 000 level", "oyscgEG38RY-00506-00101280-00101462": "course and it", "oyscgEG38RY-00507-00101463-00101662": "it totally backfired", "oyscgEG38RY-00508-00101663-00101831": "and students felt like it was too", "oyscgEG38RY-00509-00101832-00102087": "ambiguous and too loose i didn't have", "oyscgEG38RY-00510-00102088-00102415": "enough structure they also felt like i", "oyscgEG38RY-00511-00102416-00102678": "was unprepared on the first day of class", "oyscgEG38RY-00512-00102679-00102815": "and lazy", "oyscgEG38RY-00513-00102816-00103030": "so i don't think that i would do it", "oyscgEG38RY-00514-00103031-00103190": "that way again", "oyscgEG38RY-00515-00103191-00103439": "uh instead i think what", "oyscgEG38RY-00516-00103440-00103630": "what might have been more useful was to", "oyscgEG38RY-00517-00103631-00103742": "have them", "oyscgEG38RY-00518-00103743-00103942": "help me construct", "oyscgEG38RY-00519-00103943-00104127": "one or two policies instead of a whole", "oyscgEG38RY-00520-00104128-00104302": "syllabus", "oyscgEG38RY-00521-00104303-00104510": "so syllabus quiz or activity is", "oyscgEG38RY-00522-00104511-00104654": "something that i highly encourage", "oyscgEG38RY-00523-00104655-00104799": "because it helps students engage with", "oyscgEG38RY-00524-00104800-00104878": "your", "oyscgEG38RY-00525-00104879-00105086": "syllabus from the beginning and kind of", "oyscgEG38RY-00526-00105088-00105247": "teaches them how to navigate and where", "oyscgEG38RY-00527-00105248-00105375": "to find things", "oyscgEG38RY-00528-00105376-00105583": "and so i generally send out a copy of my", "oyscgEG38RY-00529-00105583-00105854": "syllabus before the first day of class", "oyscgEG38RY-00530-00105855-00106031": "and that gives students a chance to", "oyscgEG38RY-00531-00106032-00106151": "preview it", "oyscgEG38RY-00532-00106152-00106295": "and", "oyscgEG38RY-00533-00106296-00106502": "then they come to class and that first", "oyscgEG38RY-00534-00106503-00106790": "week we do some sort of activity so one", "oyscgEG38RY-00535-00106791-00107023": "example would be a kahoot quiz", "oyscgEG38RY-00536-00107024-00107134": "and", "oyscgEG38RY-00537-00107135-00107343": "i just asked questions that", "oyscgEG38RY-00538-00107344-00107519": "that have you know been addressed in the", "oyscgEG38RY-00539-00107520-00107623": "syllabus", "oyscgEG38RY-00540-00107624-00107799": "and then we go through it as a group and", "oyscgEG38RY-00541-00107800-00107975": "we talk about it", "oyscgEG38RY-00542-00107976-00108158": "then after that then they're responsible", "oyscgEG38RY-00543-00108159-00108286": "for doing", "oyscgEG38RY-00544-00108288-00108583": "a syllabus quiz on canvas on their own", "oyscgEG38RY-00545-00108583-00108743": "and it's open book so that they can", "oyscgEG38RY-00546-00108744-00108934": "refer to the syllabus", "oyscgEG38RY-00547-00108935-00109086": "and they also get more than one attempt", "oyscgEG38RY-00548-00109088-00109334": "so their highest score counts but", "oyscgEG38RY-00549-00109335-00109607": "it's it's a way to invite them to", "oyscgEG38RY-00550-00109608-00109847": "look at the syllabus and find answers to", "oyscgEG38RY-00551-00109848-00109990": "questions", "oyscgEG38RY-00552-00109991-00110263": "um a course schedule i've already talked", "oyscgEG38RY-00553-00110264-00110527": "about how important a roadmap is and to", "oyscgEG38RY-00554-00110528-00110783": "me the schedule is a roadmap there's", "oyscgEG38RY-00555-00110783-00111015": "lots of ways to format it", "oyscgEG38RY-00556-00111016-00111207": "and yet um", "oyscgEG38RY-00557-00111208-00111431": "i think it's important that somewhere in", "oyscgEG38RY-00558-00111432-00111647": "your schedule or on your syllabus", "oyscgEG38RY-00559-00111648-00111823": "you are adding", "oyscgEG38RY-00560-00111824-00112047": "comments that show", "oyscgEG38RY-00561-00112048-00112375": "you know how kind of mild posts", "oyscgEG38RY-00562-00112376-00112478": "in your", "oyscgEG38RY-00563-00112479-00112647": "in your course or where students should", "oyscgEG38RY-00564-00112648-00112727": "be", "oyscgEG38RY-00565-00112728-00112910": "or how one unit", "oyscgEG38RY-00566-00112911-00113190": "relates to another unit or", "oyscgEG38RY-00567-00113191-00113351": "things like that", "oyscgEG38RY-00568-00113352-00113502": "here's some more resources to consider", "oyscgEG38RY-00569-00113503-00113639": "when it comes to tone language and", "oyscgEG38RY-00570-00113640-00113871": "accessibility i i really like some", "oyscgEG38RY-00571-00113872-00114134": "resources by matthew cheney he talks", "oyscgEG38RY-00572-00114135-00114383": "about a cruelty free syllabi", "oyscgEG38RY-00573-00114383-00114471": "and", "oyscgEG38RY-00574-00114472-00114607": "you know has a", "oyscgEG38RY-00575-00114608-00114854": "has a blog post and also a", "oyscgEG38RY-00576-00114855-00115127": "presentation and slides that he shares", "oyscgEG38RY-00577-00115128-00115366": "here is an example from his class on his", "oyscgEG38RY-00578-00115367-00115551": "late work policy", "oyscgEG38RY-00579-00115552-00115727": "you can see that he's done a really good", "oyscgEG38RY-00580-00115728-00115934": "job of explaining the reason behind the", "oyscgEG38RY-00581-00115935-00116039": "policy", "oyscgEG38RY-00582-00116040-00116278": "and offering an explanation for it he", "oyscgEG38RY-00583-00116279-00116583": "gives the why and then he invites and", "oyscgEG38RY-00584-00116583-00116823": "encourages conversation", "oyscgEG38RY-00585-00116824-00116983": "um", "oyscgEG38RY-00586-00116983-00117295": "using language that's um inviting and", "oyscgEG38RY-00587-00117296-00117423": "user-friendly", "oyscgEG38RY-00588-00117424-00117551": "instead of just", "oyscgEG38RY-00589-00117552-00117639": "really", "oyscgEG38RY-00590-00117640-00117902": "punitive or rule-based so another", "oyscgEG38RY-00591-00117903-00118054": "website that i really like is this", "oyscgEG38RY-00592-00118055-00118247": "accessible syllabus one", "oyscgEG38RY-00593-00118248-00118495": "i'll let you check out that link", "oyscgEG38RY-00594-00118496-00118695": "the last thing i want to talk about is", "oyscgEG38RY-00595-00118696-00118951": "the scots program stands for student", "oyscgEG38RY-00596-00118952-00119134": "collaborators on teaching", "oyscgEG38RY-00597-00119135-00119358": "this is offered by the office of", "oyscgEG38RY-00598-00119359-00119583": "empowering teaching excellence or ete", "oyscgEG38RY-00599-00119583-00119758": "if you go to their website you can find", "oyscgEG38RY-00600-00119759-00119943": "more information here", "oyscgEG38RY-00601-00119944-00120183": "so basically ete hires undergraduate", "oyscgEG38RY-00602-00120183-00120295": "students", "oyscgEG38RY-00603-00120296-00120502": "and trains them for", "oyscgEG38RY-00604-00120503-00120663": "how to evaluate your syllabus and other", "oyscgEG38RY-00605-00120664-00120878": "components of your course and so you", "oyscgEG38RY-00606-00120879-00121031": "reach out to them", "oyscgEG38RY-00607-00121032-00121214": "and then they review your syllabus they", "oyscgEG38RY-00608-00121215-00121375": "offer feedback they tell you you know", "oyscgEG38RY-00609-00121376-00121599": "where you can start what's going to have", "oyscgEG38RY-00610-00121600-00121823": "an impact because they can see things", "oyscgEG38RY-00611-00121824-00122063": "from a student's perspective", "oyscgEG38RY-00612-00122064-00122239": "so that's all i have", "oyscgEG38RY-00613-00122240-00122383": "once again i'll provide powerpoint", "oyscgEG38RY-00614-00122383-00122686": "slides with resources and references", "oyscgEG38RY-00615-00122688-00122935": "thanks so much"}}, {"audio_id": "oyxyO3rwpDU", "text": {"oyxyO3rwpDU-00000-00001612-00002130": "[Music]", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00001-00002131-00002770": "[Music]", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00002-00002771-00003089": "the top is under Saddam joint of javis", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00003-00003090-00004619": "explains Donna episode Collini", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00004-00004620-00004808": "kita akan blood would they put the", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00005-00004809-00005024": "impart modern furniture I like it worse", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00006-00005025-00005263": "a I can drunken dynamic peace audience a", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00007-00005264-00005675": "truce near okay Modell's bejerano modern", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00008-00005676-00005738": "age Iran", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00009-00005739-00005961": "so dalam say see in II Samuel Rankin", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00010-00005962-00006227": "chosen to model nature and everybody the", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00011-00006228-00006506": "four families of philosophy okay kita", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00012-00006506-00007144": "perky young pertama", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00013-00007145-00007544": "personal is okay personal is the first", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00014-00007545-00007810": "of the four families of philosophy it I", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00015-00007811-00007991": "can't venture in to personalize", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00016-00007992-00008291": "personalize new dimension then Banja", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00017-00008292-00008573": "muda muda teenager and young I di bawah", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00018-00008574-00008870": "dimension personally sneak say say know", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00019-00008871-00009149": "what's pocket want to ID a lottery by", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00020-00009150-00009403": "the cults Kyle Rogers non-directive", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00021-00009404-00009698": "teaching model okay suppose banana cargo", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00022-00009699-00009985": "just need garages near de la Salle's or", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00023-00009986-00010199": "an American psychologist okay", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00024-00010200-00010463": "the piece on America the one of the", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00025-00010464-00010821": "founders of humanistic approach raagh", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00026-00010822-00011049": "executed I obey free stick approach", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00027-00011050-00011260": "constructivist approach cognitive", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00028-00011261-00011638": "approach then I did yoga humanistic", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00029-00011639-00011938": "approach ok humanistic knee is it's very", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00030-00011939-00012285": "truly students and type in approach and", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00031-00012286-00012755": "dear Bob on Japan bahawa all individuals", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00032-00012756-00013043": "exists in a continually changing world", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00033-00013044-00013294": "dan SETI orang are dead", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00034-00013296-00013535": "when you percepts is nearly the american", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00035-00013536-00013919": "bowel precepts america dalam context", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00036-00013919-00014240": "Bruce AMA okay to humanistic approach", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00037-00014241-00014555": "then character 1000 carriages knee the", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00038-00014556-00014813": "developed non-directive teaching knee", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00039-00014813-00015146": "that it by the clients and therapy CCT", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00040-00015147-00015515": "the potato Coonan from la spot on a map", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00041-00015516-00015809": "Lohan veto so non-directive teaching", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00042-00015810-00016097": "knee the brussels dairy by the", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00043-00016097-00016333": "psychology opinion kind of like", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00044-00016334-00016540": "methodology into therapy", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00045-00016541-00016982": "so cologne directv knee they recur on", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00046-00016983-00017144": "non-relative that an underrated", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00047-00017145-00017354": "directive in your opinion approach", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00048-00017355-00017564": "cannot direct if knee the therapist", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00049-00017565-00017831": "behavior that deliberately still killed", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00050-00017832-00018170": "clients in some way okay - Antonia the", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00051-00018171-00018425": "asking question offering treatment so", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00052-00018426-00018665": "that is very direct very deranged but", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00053-00018666-00018902": "non-direct evening the lines Caputo take", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00054-00018903-00019238": "a look at clients get control over the", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00055-00019239-00019421": "sessions over the pace of the sessions", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00056-00019422-00019621": "of the topic discussed in the session", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00057-00019622-00019847": "can be o'clock editing another movie", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00058-00019848-00020099": "color jumper second parka psychiatric", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00059-00020100-00020141": "gel", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00060-00020142-00020483": "I can hang lie down on so far and cheek", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00061-00020484-00020711": "to pass all the opinion to deepen your", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00062-00020712-00020894": "paternal mind and everything that I did", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00063-00020895-00021086": "so long psychology stupid and a couple", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00064-00021087-00021269": "Tanya Britannia", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00065-00021270-00021494": "buggy respond and everything I took a", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00066-00021495-00021893": "low dialect when your therapy Pune", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00067-00021894-00022211": "session the therapy see I can lead the", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00068-00022212-00022448": "discussion they can lead the I can't", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00069-00022449-00022714": "Anika - Tanya Guinea the offer treatment", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00070-00022715-00023024": "- very direct appeal Carl Rogers need", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00071-00023025-00023269": "the Union approach lines key there", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00072-00023270-00023567": "non-directive meaning cryin to Adele see", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00073-00023568-00023942": "on what he or she is going to talk about", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00074-00023943-00024260": "talam session do then prepare a new", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00075-00024261-00024710": "piece on to therapy session toe topical", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00076-00024711-00024968": "our dalam education the Caterham", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00077-00024969-00025232": "education kita tango in education", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00078-00025233-00025286": "teacher", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00079-00025287-00025547": "kalamoon eco non-directive when you're", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00080-00025548-00025868": "teaching model teacher listens and try", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00081-00025869-00026095": "to understand how things are from the", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00082-00026097-00026601": "students point of view okay get in", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00083-00026602-00026862": "punk attitude the term suppressed", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00084-00026863-00027071": "student in your opinion", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00085-00027072-00027227": "tapi did take into account to the", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00086-00027228-00027468": "opinion yeah try to understand from", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00087-00027469-00027726": "where the students come from colored", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00088-00027727-00028083": "alum class most of the time you will get", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00089-00028083-00028254": "heterogeneous winners today which", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00090-00028255-00028542": "student with mix abilities and week with", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00091-00028543-00028937": "with mixed background ok then they", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00092-00028938-00029148": "repeat the mix background Allah student", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00093-00029149-00029396": "I conduct and and your own perception of", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00094-00029397-00029602": "things the own perception of the world", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00095-00029603-00029837": "during Adia door open he personally", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00096-00029838-00029936": "Abney", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00097-00029937-00030252": "pandiri and personally then a teacher", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00098-00030252-00030458": "checks the understanding with the", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00099-00030459-00030786": "students if it is unclear ok stood a", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00100-00030787-00031302": "teacher when it go I can but talk to", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00101-00031302-00031637": "mama ha me to Omaha me please perception", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00102-00031638-00031839": "prospective student through support", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00103-00031839-00032361": "Antonio buggy topic at a can wait on", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00104-00032362-00032730": "patent soda patent o moonkin pledge a", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00105-00032731-00032940": "young young that under a paddle", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00106-00032941-00033212": "background young lie in the Perry online", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00107-00033213-00033392": "monkey near the precept see online", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00108-00033393-00033732": "candidate under iPad pro Caron a rumor", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00109-00033733-00034089": "deal young Terrace from Cain Saudi", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00110-00034090-00034206": "opening perceptions and tongue", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00111-00034207-00034461": "neighborhood line ding and young at a", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00112-00034462-00034689": "point a student yang at that time", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00113-00034690-00034865": "terrified the background shown Tony they", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00114-00034866-00035070": "put the bongo Bangalore", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00115-00035071-00035298": "atop one lion you goodness to rainy", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00116-00035299-00035549": "return a bit of flat so deeply percept", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00117-00035550-00035724": "see the upon your perception of", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00118-00035725-00036002": "neighborhood neighbor on a llama and", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00119-00036003-00036296": "earring anyway line so kita with in this", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00120-00036297-00036527": "dimension key to celebrate differences", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00121-00036528-00036846": "okay treat students with a most respect", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00122-00036847-00037242": "and care get a very valued students", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00123-00037243-00037499": "hello and in elegido Ram video young so", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00124-00037500-00037743": "Blue Meanies a checkup personally spoon", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00125-00037744-00037923": "your model in II sang a Sangha Baggesen", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00126-00037924-00038246": "Tokita gunas myself kaki pana my motive", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00127-00038247-00038580": "a secon student it again I can do motiva", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00128-00038581-00038820": "see the on whatever see ok then be", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00129-00038821-00038982": "transparent", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00130-00038983-00039374": "chiku couldn't be transparent so paya", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00131-00039375-00039715": "student number J go to Bukenya song", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00132-00039716-00039846": "young-do Joe", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00133-00039847-00040104": "so within this dimension check okay no", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00134-00040105-00040374": "Joe Joe Shea gue can accept his or her", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00135-00040375-00040551": "opinion", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00136-00040552-00040879": "dan juga learn to say other swing", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00137-00040880-00041270": "opinion guru adalah but Alberto sebagai", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00138-00041271-00041714": "mediators about guy coach sebagai", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00139-00041715-00042098": "assistant then Bukenya teachers and", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00140-00042099-00042614": "dalam personally sugar the lemon", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00141-00042615-00042848": "hypothesis young Rajah scatter", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00142-00042849-00043111": "so the first learning isn't by teaching", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00143-00043112-00043407": "it's by facilitating Jonker dois", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00144-00043408-00043668": "relevancy is the sense essential for", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00145-00043669-00044017": "learning token of champion among Hajus", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00146-00044018-00044320": "kepada student bundle yang baru so", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00147-00044321-00044698": "katakana connect try to connect bundle", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00148-00044699-00045033": "ilmu iam borrow to kepada students when", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00149-00045034-00045232": "existing knowledge previous knowledge", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00150-00045233-00045477": "learning happens when the student", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00151-00045478-00045748": "perceived the info relevant to him or", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00152-00045749-00046005": "her the third one open-mindedness is", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00153-00046006-00046186": "encouraged of course much of cycle data", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00154-00046187-00046449": "d j gu then student yoga will do", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00155-00046450-00046586": "open-minded", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00156-00046587-00047107": "open the mine except other views and", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00157-00047108-00047337": "friendly environment is essential for a", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00158-00047338-00047517": "classroom of course", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00159-00047518-00047787": "Dallin classroom golem dimension", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00160-00047788-00047964": "personally disney classroom must be", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00161-00047965-00048362": "conducive must promote sharing of ideas", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00162-00048363-00048657": "Canada and alum class class BSC any key", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00163-00048658-00048933": "to get at that Putnam pass student", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00164-00048934-00049167": "kadamba lady Chaka Chaka John to check", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00165-00049168-00049411": "up given your idea acidity can come", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00166-00049412-00049713": "online Kapoor Khan Khan get any action", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00167-00049714-00050043": "opera so that kind of environment is not", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00168-00050044-00050298": "tolerable table woolly-headed alum", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00169-00050299-00050496": "person agrees we need I mention of a", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00170-00050497-00050795": "classroom okay Danny entre he and Kalima", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00171-00050796-00051033": "differentiation of opinion is", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00172-00051034-00051351": "facilitated this suburb can Murray", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00173-00051352-00051612": "Murray in it by the pool bar guy", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00174-00051613-00051852": "background there at the pool bar guy", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00175-00051853-00052162": "views world view then the purple Rock", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00176-00052163-00052344": "evolved uni I cannot agree with the", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00177-00052345-00052603": "opinion at the mo jungle are able to tag", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00178-00052604-00052965": "an area salmon and everything so your", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00179-00052966-00053079": "row", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00180-00053080-00053428": "as a teacher you have to facilitate this", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00181-00053429-00053596": "kind of different of the opinion", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00182-00053597-00053983": "difference in opinion okay so that no", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00183-00053984-00054133": "one felt left behind", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00184-00054134-00054340": "okay sella pass personally Skeeter I can", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00185-00054341-00054673": "per gig by the Socialists social kind of", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00186-00054674-00054964": "like dimension in models of teaching", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00187-00054965-00055451": "okay social kita akan Kuna can Jon Tony", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00188-00055452-00056014": "Elliott edit Ronson's jigsaw model dance", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00189-00056015-00056323": "I wrestle Rama young Tahu pathology", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00190-00056324-00056590": "psalm attorney then dalum dimension", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00191-00056591-00056857": "dimension social social model need I", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00192-00056858-00057139": "mention an Aggie gene is Denise model", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00193-00057140-00057361": "furniture on young and EE Kuna can't", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00194-00057362-00057642": "appear in a pick just one very prominent", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00195-00057644-00057904": "model which is jigsaw model and jigsaw", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00196-00057904-00058635": "mode only origination the originator is", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00197-00058636-00058966": "professor Elliot Aronson a professor", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00198-00058966-00059296": "Elliot Aronson is a professor emeritus", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00199-00059297-00059682": "the University of California California", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00200-00059683-00060172": "Santa Cruz okay the jigsaw modern II was", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00201-00060173-00060532": "first introduced in 1971 in Austin Texas", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00202-00060533-00060832": "a poem Bella ku", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00203-00060833-00061155": "but I must say to racial tension do us", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00204-00061157-00061525": "any song any racial tension my suniye at", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00205-00061526-00062089": "the clash entire bank's entire race okay", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00206-00062090-00062329": "- Antonio White's the nine America", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00207-00062329-00062591": "Mexico in Mexico ending and Hispanic and", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00208-00062592-00063025": "so and so forth so I do Billy Idol black", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00209-00063026-00063630": "ooh social opinion kind of like problem", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00210-00063632-00064116": "did war then here I can affect the lamps", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00211-00064117-00064474": "color sugar so early professor Elliot", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00212-00064475-00064903": "around Sony developed this jigsaw model", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00213-00064904-00065151": "to help defuse racial tension and alarm", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00214-00065152-00065374": "scholar this bumpkin", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00215-00065375-00065647": "deal was analyzed racial tension DDM", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00216-00065648-00065982": "scala opera Morocco Paramus AE 2 ponyo", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00217-00065983-00066128": "Baku", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00218-00066129-00066597": "/ guru hi / guru handle parijata support", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00219-00066598-00066741": "okay then", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00220-00066742-00067191": "builder professor Elliot Aronson e2 -", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00221-00067192-00067502": "Danny Hutton kg / masala / masala", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00222-00067503-00067809": "honey-do paneer conclusion Adela Mercado", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00223-00067810-00068226": "Huntress abou originated from a sense of", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00224-00068227-00068724": "competitiveness dalam classroom so", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00225-00068725-00068910": "that's why they developed this jigsaw", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00226-00068911-00069381": "model so it - Adela upon kata - SubPop", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00227-00069382-00069735": "the NASPA kenapa G so model in e I do", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00228-00069736-00070116": "so next saya akan minor Rankin capita", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00229-00070117-00070356": "and uh it's like Sony the other specs", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00230-00070357-00070704": "there so that appoints a young young as", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00231-00070705-00070935": "a drunken disini at this pool of steps", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00232-00070936-00071271": "ten easy steps that steps in e d de", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00233-00071272-00071472": "Chardin kind only professor Elliott's", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00234-00071473-00071868": "Mary jigsaw in ten easy steps step one", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00235-00071869-00072135": "divided students into six at a point", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00236-00072136-00072428": "five percent chicks or groom Asuna DC me", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00237-00072429-00072774": "five or six person or to join up as", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00238-00072775-00072849": "million pool", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00239-00072850-00073160": "yeah Birkin tongue Kapadia Bravo Banja", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00240-00073161-00073389": "Java to top it do you picture can", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00241-00073390-00073575": "compare the subset of P I develop a", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00242-00073576-00073623": "subtopic", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00243-00073624-00073854": "cannot ideally Masato P so much sooner", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00244-00073855-00074070": "dalam group can ideally Maura color I", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00245-00074071-00074316": "didn't um subtopic canary dalam group", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00246-00074317-00074825": "Canadian a step to the persecuted", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00247-00074826-00074955": "Happiny", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00248-00074956-00075258": "divide the students into groups of five", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00249-00075259-00075735": "or six a point one one leader that of", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00250-00075736-00075987": "each group he do any mysterious when", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00251-00075988-00076403": "you're somebody bully control the group", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00252-00076404-00076767": "step three much I'm sorry device lesson", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00253-00076768-00076995": "in to six at a point five or six", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00254-00076996-00077256": "segments Bergen Tonka by Deborah Rob", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00255-00077257-00077570": "anisotropy yeah and and altitude OPM sir", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00256-00077571-00078113": "but assign each student to that subtopic", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00257-00078114-00078468": "okay students at Apogee you buggy", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00258-00078469-00078714": "such subtopics are two students were", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00259-00078715-00078963": "buggy subtopic lure done and so on and", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00260-00078964-00079194": "so forth okay that's why I get", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00261-00079195-00079536": "important to belong and subtopic to some", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00262-00079537-00079722": "wedding and villain and pleasure make", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00263-00079723-00080037": "sure that students at the access to", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00264-00080038-00080301": "their own material only okay canto", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00265-00080302-00080502": "students are to our the SS to subtopics", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00266-00080503-00080892": "a to Jiang and buggy DXS subtopic do and", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00267-00080893-00081006": "that's all support a particular", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00268-00081007-00081263": "commandment I do okay dear I can master", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00269-00081264-00081453": "subtopics a to society", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00270-00081454-00081936": "step 5 give them the time to read buggy", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00271-00081937-00082170": "time to Antonio spur a minute until you", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00272-00082171-00082416": "buy chilled and if a hubcap the opinion", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00273-00082417-00082725": "component the opinion subtopic ok after", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00274-00082726-00083328": "that get group student knee", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00275-00083329-00083607": "according to expect group expert group", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00276-00083608-00083907": "knee idler group young the minor get a", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00277-00083908-00084126": "group can student john cho youngnam", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00278-00084127-00084423": "organza top it's a to group knee", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00279-00084424-00084693": "Amagansett a pizza to get a regroup them", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00280-00084694-00084915": "so the long group to di can be champ", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00281-00084916-00085155": "there can be in chung subtopic yes", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00282-00085156-00085362": "indeedy-do I can practice measurement", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00283-00085363-00085599": "and Iran I can deliver the knowledge to", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00284-00085600-00086037": "your own poem group aside okay step 7", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00285-00086038-00086304": "suru during combat hiccup idea good", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00286-00086305-00086481": "groom I see my thing could be an assault", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00287-00086482-00086817": "a veto so right now a poem will aku", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00288-00086818-00087153": "Adela each member within the original", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00289-00087154-00087557": "group - da da da mahi the MD opinion", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00290-00087558-00088056": "upon cata to subtopics nearly now the", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00291-00088057-00088479": "next step is step it ask each student to", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00292-00088480-00088749": "present the ideas to straighten your", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00293-00088750-00088941": "time reading a subtopic and pretend you", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00294-00088942-00089121": "can't wrangle occupy the group and we", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00295-00089122-00089388": "arrange membrane it at o salafi and", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00296-00089389-00089613": "portable topper okay so for each and", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00297-00089614-00089895": "every one of of the members in the group", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00298-00089896-00090417": "honey I can muster only once a topic so", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00299-00090418-00090792": "right now is where all these older", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00300-00090793-00090957": "students all of the students dalam group", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00301-00090958-00091209": "to a can here then a camp larger", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00302-00091210-00091620": "subtopic la okay step 9", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00303-00091621-00091872": "and that's our guy", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00304-00091873-00092322": "and uh pusing monitor the session the", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00305-00092323-00092550": "discussion discussion session monitor", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00306-00092551-00092897": "keep to saying then try into our", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00307-00092898-00093026": "pleasure", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00308-00093027-00093369": "Colorado pleasure dominant it be silicon", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00309-00093370-00093690": "cannula in okay try to make any", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00310-00093691-00094209": "appropriate intervention okay then young", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00311-00094210-00094590": "Lasker step 10 at the end of the session", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00312-00094591-00094838": "quiz them so it's kind of like", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00313-00094839-00095444": "assessment strategy okay so that is on", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00314-00095445-00095781": "to social kind of like dimension model", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00315-00095782-00096159": "using Eliot arenson jigsaw model okay", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00316-00096160-00096356": "which I'm Chilean chili this result I", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00317-00096357-00096609": "cover the pooja episodically me and data", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00318-00096610-00096900": "like blood were despotism by modern", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00319-00096901-00097146": "furniture and Santos Antonio into", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00320-00097147-00097356": "episode and stores near and can pleasure", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00321-00097357-00097479": "the remaining", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00322-00097480-00097815": "models okay shaggy singing at the bottom", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00323-00097816-00098302": "eulogy side", "oyxyO3rwpDU-00324-00098303-00099402": "[Music]"}}, {"audio_id": "ozggLBLmD0Q", "text": {"ozggLBLmD0Q-00000-00000041-00000305": "freedom of thought also called freedom", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00001-00000306-00000536": "of conscience or ideas is the freedom of", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00002-00000537-00000773": "an individual to hold or consider a fact", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00003-00000774-00000994": "viewpoint or thought independent of", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00004-00000996-00001650": "others viewpoints", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00005-00001651-00002132": "topic overview", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00006-00002133-00002359": "freedom of thought as the precursor and", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00007-00002360-00002626": "progenitor of and thus is closely linked", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00008-00002627-00002902": "to other liberties including freedom of", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00009-00002903-00003083": "religion freedom of speech and freedom", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00010-00003084-00003374": "of expression though freedom of thought", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00011-00003375-00003599": "is axiomatic for many other freedoms", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00012-00003600-00003800": "they are in no way required for it to", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00013-00003801-00004106": "operate and exist the conception of a", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00014-00004107-00004274": "freedom or a right does not guarantee", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00015-00004275-00004568": "its inclusion legality or protection via", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00016-00004569-00004859": "a philosophical caveat it is a very", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00017-00004860-00005042": "important concept in the Western world", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00018-00005043-00005311": "and nearly all democratic constitutions", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00019-00005312-00005611": "protect these freedoms for instance the", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00020-00005612-00005792": "Bill of Rights contains the famous", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00021-00005793-00005966": "guaranty in the First Amendment that", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00022-00005967-00006170": "laws may not be made that interfere with", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00023-00006171-00006379": "religion or prohibiting the free", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00024-00006380-00006743": "exercise thereof US Supreme Court", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00025-00006744-00006965": "justice Benjamin Cardozo reasoned in", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00026-00006966-00007412": "palco V Connecticut 1937 freedom of", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00027-00007413-00007756": "thought is the matrix the indispensable", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00028-00007758-00008012": "condition of nearly every other form of", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00029-00008013-00008266": "freedom with rare aberrations a", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00030-00008267-00008452": "pervasive recognition of this truth can", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00031-00008453-00008687": "be traced in our history political and", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00032-00008688-00009041": "legal such ideas are also a vital part", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00033-00009042-00009335": "of international human rights law in the", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00034-00009336-00009541": "Universal Declaration of Human Rights", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00035-00009542-00009841": "UDHR which is legally binding on member", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00036-00009842-00010037": "states of the International Covenant on", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00037-00010038-00010313": "Civil and Political Rights ICCPR", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00038-00010314-00010588": "freedom of thought is listed under", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00039-00010589-00010933": "article 18 everyone has the right to", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00040-00010934-00011093": "freedom of thought conscience and", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00041-00011094-00011318": "religion this right includes freedom to", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00042-00011319-00011494": "change his religion or belief and", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00043-00011495-00011710": "freedom either alone or in community", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00044-00011711-00011930": "with others and in public or private to", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00045-00011931-00012133": "manifest his religion or belief in", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00046-00012134-00012329": "teaching practice worship and observance", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00047-00012330-00012661": "the United Nations Human Rights", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00048-00012662-00012899": "Committee states that this distinguishes", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00049-00012900-00013083": "the freedom of thought conscience", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00050-00013084-00013343": "religion or belief from the freedom to", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00051-00013344-00013676": "manifest religion or belief it does not", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00052-00013677-00013946": "permit any limitations whatsoever on the", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00053-00013947-00014153": "freedom of thought and conscience or on", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00054-00014154-00014354": "the freedom to have or adopt a religion", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00055-00014355-00014725": "or belief of one's choice these freedoms", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00056-00014726-00015053": "are protected unconditionally similarly", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00057-00015054-00015369": "article 19 of the UDHR guarantees that", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00058-00015371-00015538": "everyone has the", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00059-00015540-00015706": "to freedom of opinion and expression", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00060-00015707-00015977": "this right includes freedom to hold", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00061-00015978-00016265": "opinions without interference", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00062-00016266-00016749": "you", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00063-00016750-00017028": "topic history of development and", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00064-00017029-00017446": "suppression", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00065-00017447-00017680": "it is impossible to know with certainty", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00066-00017681-00017881": "what another person is thinking making", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00067-00017882-00018169": "suppression difficult the concept has", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00068-00018170-00018343": "developed throughout the Bible most", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00069-00018344-00018532": "fully in the writings of Paul of Tarsus", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00070-00018533-00018865": "eg for why should my freedom Eleuthera", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00071-00018866-00019144": "be judged by another's conscience son", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00072-00019145-00019507": "ADA sayers 1st Corinthians chapter 10", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00073-00019508-00019647": "verse 29", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00074-00019648-00019918": "although Greek philosophers Plato and", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00075-00019919-00020104": "Socrates had discussed freedom of", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00076-00020105-00020296": "thought minimally the edicts of king", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00077-00020297-00020560": "ashoka third century BC have been called", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00078-00020561-00020767": "the first decree respecting freedom of", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00079-00020768-00021082": "conscience in European tradition aside", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00080-00021083-00021271": "from the decree of religious toleration", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00081-00021272-00021583": "by Constantine the first at Milan in 313", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00082-00021584-00021853": "the philosophers the misty Asst Michel", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00083-00021854-00022117": "de Montaigne Baruch Spinoza John Locke", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00084-00022118-00022390": "Voltaire Alexander Vinit and John Stuart", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00085-00022391-00022630": "Mill and the theologians Roger Williams", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00086-00022631-00022786": "and Samuel Rutherford have been", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00087-00022787-00023005": "considered major proponents of the idea", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00088-00023006-00023242": "of freedom of conscience or soul liberty", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00089-00023243-00023449": "in the words of Roger Williams Queen", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00090-00023450-00023632": "Elizabeth the first revoked a thought", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00091-00023633-00023847": "censorship law in the late 16th century", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00092-00023848-00024085": "because according to Sir Francis Bacon", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00093-00024086-00024355": "she did not like to make Windows into", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00094-00024356-00024705": "men's souls and secret thoughts", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00095-00024706-00024903": "during her reign philosopher", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00096-00024904-00025189": "mathematician astrologer an astronomer", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00097-00025190-00025441": "Giordano Bruno took refuge in England", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00098-00025442-00025639": "from the Italian Inquisition where he", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00099-00025639-00025783": "published a number of his books", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00100-00025783-00025965": "regarding an infinite universe and", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00101-00025966-00026142": "topics banned by the Catholic Church", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00102-00026143-00026421": "after leaving the safety of England", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00103-00026422-00026652": "Bruno was eventually burned as a heretic", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00104-00026653-00026898": "in Rome for refusing to recant his ideas", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00105-00026899-00027177": "for this reason he is considered by some", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00106-00027178-00027373": "to be a martyr for free thought", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00107-00027374-00027558": "however freedom of expression can be", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00108-00027560-00027799": "limited through censorship arrests book", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00109-00027800-00028027": "burning or propaganda and this tends to", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00110-00028027-00028314": "discourage freedom of thought examples", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00111-00028316-00028515": "of effective campaigns against freedom", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00112-00028516-00028735": "of expression are the Soviet suppression", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00113-00028736-00028930": "of genetics research in favor of a", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00114-00028931-00029115": "theory known as Lysenko ISM the", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00115-00029116-00029352": "book-burning campaigns of Nazi Germany", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00116-00029353-00029539": "the radical anti intellectualism", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00117-00029539-00029806": "enforced in Cambodia under Pol Pot the", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00118-00029807-00029962": "strict limits on freedom of expression", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00119-00029963-00030220": "imposed by the communist governments of", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00120-00030220-00030414": "the People's Republic of China and Cuba", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00121-00030416-00030612": "or by right-wing authoritarian", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00122-00030613-00030817": "dictatorship such as those of Augusto", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00123-00030818-00031062": "Pinochet in Chile and Francisco Franco", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00124-00031063-00031405": "in Spain the sapir-whorf hypothesis", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00125-00031406-00031587": "which states that thought as inherently", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00126-00031588-00031783": "embedded in language would support the", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00127-00031783-00031960": "claim that an effort to limit the use of", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00128-00031961-00032190": "words of language is actually a form of", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00129-00032191-00032458": "restricting freedom of thought this was", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00130-00032458-00032725": "explored in George Orwell's novel 1984", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00131-00032726-00032937": "with the idea of Newspeak a", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00132-00032938-00033112": "stripped-down form of the English", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00133-00033113-00033271": "language alleged to lack the capacity", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00134-00033272-00033520": "for metaphor and limiting expression of", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00135-00033521-00033654": "original ideas", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00136-00033655-00033949": "more recently the development of neural", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00137-00033950-00034114": "imaging technologies have raised", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00138-00034115-00034324": "concerns about entities being able to", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00139-00034325-00034525": "read and subsequently suppress thought", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00140-00034526-00034807": "although the issue is complicated by the", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00141-00034808-00035056": "mind-body problem these concerns form", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00142-00035057-00035260": "the emerging field of neuro ethics and", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00143-00035261-00035864": "neuro privacy", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00144-00035865-00036770": "topic see also", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00145-00036771-00037404": "topic references and notes", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00146-00037405-00037721": "topic further reading Divi cornered", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00147-00037722-00037926": "Synod on the freedom of conscience a", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00148-00037927-00038099": "thorough examination during the", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00149-00038100-00038370": "gathering held in the Year 1582 in the", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00150-00038371-00038580": "city of Freetown English translation", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00151-00038581-00038780": "Richard Joseph cook freedom of thought", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00152-00038781-00039099": "in religious teaching 1913 Lukas Swain", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00153-00039100-00039314": "freedom of thought as a basic Liberty", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00154-00039315-00039929": "political theory 46 2 3 2018 405 - 25", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00155-00039930-00040304": "HTTP colon slash slash dog org slash", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00156-00040305-00040839": "10.1 1 7 7% - fo o 905 nine one seven", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00157-00040840-00041085": "one six six seven six two nine three", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00158-00041086-00041405": "Eugene J Cooper man's basic freedom and", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00159-00041406-00041580": "freedom of conscience in the Bible", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00160-00041581-00041768": "reflections on first corinthians", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00161-00041769-00042008": "chapters 8 to 10 irish theological", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00162-00042009-00042321": "quarterly december 1975 George bottle", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00163-00042322-00042521": "and Peter Carruthers the philosophy of", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00164-00042522-00042596": "psychology", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00165-00042597-00042987": "Cambridge University Press 1999 P 3 the", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00166-00042988-00043314": "Honorable Sir John lost the limitations", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00167-00043315-00043668": "of human rights 1998 PL summer sweet &", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00168-00043669-00044054": "Maxwell and contributors P 260 Voltaire", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00169-00044055-00044439": "1954 liberté de penser dictionary", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00170-00044440-00044720": "philosophy classics Garnier in french", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00171-00044721-00045336": "paris éditions Garnier PP 277 281 roger", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00172-00045337-00045527": "williams the bloody tenant of", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00173-00045528-00045737": "persecution for cause of conscience the", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00174-00045738-00046011": "bloody tenant of persecution 1867", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00175-00046012-00046376": "reprint accessed July 10 2009 on Google", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00176-00046377-00046751": "Books Samuel Rutherford Lex re X HTTP", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00177-00046752-00047355": "colon slash slash www.hp.com / dl / co /", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00178-00047356-00047795": "sr - lex rack 17 dot PDF accessed", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00179-00047796-00048289": "December 17 2018 on portage pub calm", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00180-00048290-00048520": "topic external links the bloody tenant", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00181-00048521-00048844": "of persecution 1867 reprint accessed", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00182-00048845-00049117": "July 10th 2009 on google books", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00183-00049118-00049318": "dictionary of the history of ideas", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00184-00049319-00049510": "academic freedom the center for", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00185-00049511-00049726": "cognitive liberty and ethics a network", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00186-00049727-00049954": "of scholars elaborating the law policy", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00187-00049955-00050155": "and ethics of freedom of thought john", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00188-00050156-00050569": "Bagnall berry 1861 to 1927 a history of", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00189-00050570-00050764": "freedom of thought ebook online", "ozggLBLmD0Q-00190-00050765-00051088": "copyright expired"}}, {"audio_id": "ozgW0QiH-NQ", "text": {"ozgW0QiH-NQ-00000-00000037-00000645": "okay that should do us take care of", "ozgW0QiH-NQ-00001-00000646-00004718": "those bikes I get out of here sighs oh", "ozgW0QiH-NQ-00002-00004719-00005022": "this is an APB for a serial Patrol might", "ozgW0QiH-NQ-00003-00005023-00005761": "see something is blackmail no Stacy talk", "ozgW0QiH-NQ-00004-00005762-00006015": "suspicious black male about 6-feet tall", "ozgW0QiH-NQ-00005-00006016-00006437": "and late though suspect is black male", "ozgW0QiH-NQ-00006-00006438-00006784": "about 6-feet tall and medium though", "ozgW0QiH-NQ-00007-00006785-00007023": "something just blankly almost six feet", "ozgW0QiH-NQ-00008-00007023-00007944": "tall and heavy bill you get the Packer", "ozgW0QiH-NQ-00009-00007945-00008338": "it the Julius Thruway and keep moving I", "ozgW0QiH-NQ-00010-00008339-00008745": "still a bikes and get him to you"}}, {"audio_id": "ozhsPZbCh8c", "text": {"ozhsPZbCh8c-00000-00000000-00000480": "[Music]", "ozhsPZbCh8c-00001-00000481-00000779": "all right all right", "ozhsPZbCh8c-00002-00000780-00001542": "[Music]"}}, {"audio_id": "ozjYdnJ50oY", "text": {"ozjYdnJ50oY-00000-00000155-00000434": "malabon officially the city of malabon", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00001-00000434-00000719": "to Golic lungsod a malabon or simply", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00002-00000720-00000944": "known as malabon city is a first-class", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00003-00000944-00001139": "highly urbanized city in Metro Manila", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00004-00001140-00001523": "Philippines according to the 2015 census", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00005-00001524-00001705": "it has a population of three hundred", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00006-00001707-00001937": "sixty-five thousand five hundred twenty", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00007-00001938-00002159": "five people located just north of Manila", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00008-00002160-00002372": "it is primarily a residential and", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00009-00002373-00002555": "industrial town and is one of the most", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00010-00002556-00002734": "densely populated cities in the", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00011-00002735-00003029": "metropolis it has a total land area of", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00012-00003030-00003452": "fifteen point nine six square kilometers", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00013-00003453-00003704": "malabon is part of the sub-region of", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00014-00003705-00003999": "metro manila informally called CA MA and", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00015-00004000-00004275": "a VA which consists of Caloocan malabon", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00016-00004276-00004611": "devoted and valencia cities Caloocan", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00017-00004612-00004806": "lies to the south and east the vote is", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00018-00004807-00005034": "to the west and valencia to the north", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00019-00005035-00005304": "now LaVon also borders the town of oh", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00020-00005305-00005511": "bando in the province of Bulacan to the", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00021-00005512-00005747": "northwest", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00022-00005748-00006121": "history", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00023-00006122-00006379": "legend considers the city's name to be a", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00024-00006380-00006547": "contraction of the Tagalog phrase", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00025-00006548-00006847": "maraming LaVon plenty of bamboo shoots", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00026-00006848-00007102": "as the place once abounded in this", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00027-00007103-00007336": "edible route originally called Tambo", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00028-00007337-00007567": "bong mallow van was founded as a visit", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00029-00007568-00007786": "at hamlet of Tondo by the Augustinians", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00030-00007787-00008170": "on May 21st 1599 it remained under the", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00031-00008170-00008344": "administrative jurisdiction of the", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00032-00008345-00008862": "province of Tondo from 1627 to 1688", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00033-00008863-00009081": "malabon played an important economic", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00034-00009082-00009333": "role in the late 19th century with the", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00035-00009334-00009531": "founding of la princesa tabby collar a", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00036-00009532-00009828": "tobacco company in 1851 and the malabon", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00037-00009829-00010059": "sugar company in 1878", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00038-00010060-00010302": "la princesa was under the corporate", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00039-00010303-00010494": "umbrella of company in general de", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00040-00010495-00010685": "tobacco's de filipinas owned by the", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00041-00010686-00010896": "spanish crown while the latter pioneered", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00042-00010897-00011058": "the refined sugar industry in the", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00043-00011059-00011281": "philippines", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00044-00011282-00011563": "the newspaper la independencia was first", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00045-00011564-00011812": "printed in Malabon Susilo d'Ivoire fanos", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00046-00011813-00012013": "orphanage where children orphaned by the", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00047-00012014-00012304": "plague of 1882 were housed malabon was", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00048-00012305-00012496": "officially made a municipality of the", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00049-00012497-00012721": "newly created province of Rizal On June", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00050-00012722-00012976": "11th 1901 by virtue of Philippine", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00051-00012977-00013309": "Commission Act number 137 when act", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00052-00013310-00013647": "number 942 was promulgated malabon was", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00053-00013649-00013813": "united with Navotas under a new", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00054-00013813-00013866": "government", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00055-00013868-00014341": "On January 16th 1906 act no 1441", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00056-00014341-00014554": "partitioned malabon from devotees into", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00057-00014555-00014863": "two separate municipalities of Rizal the", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00058-00014863-00015112": "first mayor of malabon was Don Agustin", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00059-00015113-00015376": "Salim ontei a Spanish mestizo originally", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00060-00015377-00015610": "from Cavite", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00061-00015611-00015907": "malabon remained a municipality of Rizal", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00062-00015908-00016237": "until November 7 1975 by virtue of", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00063-00016238-00016540": "Presidential Decree number 824 when", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00064-00016541-00016756": "malabon became a part of metropolitan", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00065-00016757-00016995": "Manila or the National Capital Region", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00066-00016996-00017281": "malabon became a highly urbanized city", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00067-00017282-00017614": "on April 21st 2001 under Republic Act", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00068-00017615-00018189": "number 9019 407 years after its founding", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00069-00018190-00018754": "geography malabon is one of the most", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00070-00018755-00018943": "densely populated cities in the", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00071-00018944-00019135": "Philippines and it's low-lying flat", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00072-00019136-00019288": "terrain makes it prone to frequent", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00073-00019289-00019501": "flooding especially during high tides", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00074-00019502-00019705": "heavy rains and when River and dams", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00075-00019706-00020062": "overflow the four cities in CA MA and a", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00076-00020063-00020311": "var commonly affected by interconnected", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00077-00020312-00020485": "rivers one of which is the Tulla Han", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00078-00020486-00020683": "River", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00079-00020684-00020929": "the river system used to be navigable", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00080-00020930-00021115": "and fishing was the major livelihood", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00081-00021116-00021391": "activity in the area the river used to", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00082-00021392-00021574": "be wider and deeper with better quality", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00083-00021575-00021780": "water and was a regular source of", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00084-00021781-00021991": "different species of fish an important", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00085-00021992-00022272": "food source for local residents also", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00086-00022273-00022504": "trees and crops like Pele rice and", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00087-00022505-00022680": "vegetables used to be grown along the", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00088-00022681-00022752": "riverbanks", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00089-00022753-00023032": "however these agricultural plots have", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00090-00023033-00023242": "been replaced by industrial yards which", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00091-00023243-00023413": "also became home to thousands of", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00092-00023414-00023602": "informal settlers who build makeshift", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00093-00023603-00023775": "dwellings without legal claim to the", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00094-00023776-00023963": "land", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00095-00023964-00024188": "floods have worsened in recent years", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00096-00024189-00024380": "occurring more frequently and reaching", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00097-00024381-00024650": "depths of several feet most affected are", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00098-00024651-00024812": "families in the communities that are", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00099-00024813-00025085": "along or near the riverbanks the river", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00100-00025086-00025298": "has become narrower and shallower over", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00101-00025299-00025502": "the years and its capacity to hold water", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00102-00025503-00025814": "has decreased with more frequent intense", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00103-00025814-00026063": "rains the riverbanks flood regularly and", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00104-00026064-00026227": "flooding reaches farther into low-lying", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00105-00026229-00026700": "and densely populated areas of the city", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00106-00026701-00027258": "Barun guys before the present day malov", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00107-00027258-00027477": "on the town was originally composed of", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00108-00027477-00027708": "sitios Baran guy and others were further", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00109-00027708-00028093": "divided into two or more purakh own", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00110-00028094-00028395": "malabon city is now divided into 21", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00111-00028397-00028629": "barren guys", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00112-00028630-00029220": "district I district 2", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00113-00029222-00029620": "demographics", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00114-00029620-00030002": "religion", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00115-00030004-00030258": "malabon belongs to the Roman Catholic", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00116-00030258-00030470": "Diocese of under the Episcopal seat of", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00117-00030472-00030777": "Bishop Pablo Virgil Oh David almost 80", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00118-00030777-00030957": "percent of the people here adhere to", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00119-00030958-00031155": "this religion the seat of the Bishop of", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00120-00031156-00031383": "Callicoon in malabon is in San roped", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00121-00031383-00031577": "Cathedral parish aim of Venus Street", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00122-00031579-00031827": "Caloocan City today there are eight", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00123-00031827-00032091": "Roman Catholic parishes in malabon San", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00124-00032092-00032436": "Bartolome stowe Rosario Immaculate", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00125-00032437-00032694": "Conception exaltation of the Cross San", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00126-00032695-00032933": "Antonio de Padua Sacred Heart of Jesus", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00127-00032934-00033186": "Immaculate Heart of Mary and STS", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00128-00033187-00033459": "Peter and John another parish church", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00129-00033460-00033738": "santa clara of Assisi in barangay Longos", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00130-00033739-00034061": "is in the planning stages", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00131-00034062-00034295": "other religions in malabon include", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00132-00034296-00034568": "iglesia Filipina Independiente belongs", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00133-00034569-00034790": "to the Diocese of Rizal and Pampanga", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00134-00034791-00035015": "perishable of carissima concepción de", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00135-00035016-00035282": "malabon Baptists Jesus the Livingstone", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00136-00035283-00035534": "International Assembly of God iglesia de", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00137-00035535-00035720": "cristo or Church of Christ", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00138-00035721-00035849": "members of the Church of God", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00139-00035850-00036119": "International Jesus is Lord Church I eme", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00140-00036120-00036509": "LIF and seventh-day Adventist", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00141-00036510-00037104": "economy malov on industries includes", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00142-00037105-00037359": "sugar refinery Patties fish sauce making", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00143-00037360-00037623": "cigar making candle production fishing", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00144-00037624-00037787": "and Eiling Eiling flower extract", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00145-00037788-00037983": "production the distilled perfume is", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00146-00037984-00038310": "exported", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00147-00038311-00038917": "tourism the malabon city tourism office", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00148-00038918-00039142": "launched the malabon tricycle tours in", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00149-00039143-00039492": "december 2014 the tours take visitors to", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00150-00039493-00039687": "eight heritage sites including the newly", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00151-00039688-00039933": "renovated 400 year old san bartolomé", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00152-00039934-00040152": "church as well as two notable heritage", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00153-00040153-00040360": "houses like the Raymundo house and i've", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00154-00040361-00040665": "a Vyasa house on march 14th 2015 the", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00155-00040666-00040845": "tour started to offer visitors a unique", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00156-00040846-00041080": "gastronomic experience through visits to", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00157-00041081-00041377": "the city s home-based eateries this", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00158-00041378-00041611": "culinary aspect was the brainchild of", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00159-00041612-00041995": "current Mayor Anton Linda reddit 3's", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00160-00041996-00042096": "wife Melissa", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00161-00042097-00042310": "Retta who is a chef by profession the", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00162-00042311-00042543": "malabon zoo and aquarium located in", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00163-00042544-00042768": "Potrero is a small humble zoo that", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00164-00042769-00042982": "features an array of caged animals along", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00165-00042983-00043405": "with an aquarium and Gardens", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00166-00043406-00043790": "politics and government", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00167-00043791-00044339": "on April 21st 2008 malabon city s newly", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00168-00044340-00044618": "constructed 11 story City Hall building", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00169-00044619-00044892": "along F Sevilla Boulevard in barangay", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00170-00044893-00045174": "san agustin was inaugurated by Gloria", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00171-00045175-00045611": "macapagal-arroyo on malabon s 7th city", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00172-00045612-00045852": "anniversary it was dubbed as a potential", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00173-00045853-00046061": "business center of the city a one-stop", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00174-00046062-00046286": "shop for government transactions due to", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00175-00046287-00046470": "its state-of-the-art facilities such as", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00176-00046471-00046670": "three high-speed elevators and the new", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00177-00046671-00046851": "city hall building and its offices", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00178-00046852-00047071": "digital system the Sangguniang Kabataan", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00179-00047072-00047321": "Federation led by Vaughn Paulo or Etta", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00180-00047322-00047535": "three grandson of mayor Tito Etta", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00181-00047536-00047742": "developed a system of the politics which", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00182-00047743-00047927": "became the key to the acceleration of", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00183-00047928-00048095": "the development of cities with the help", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00184-00048096-00048328": "the other chairman", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00185-00048329-00048577": "the city's representative to national", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00186-00048578-00048793": "Sangguniang Kabataan Federation of the", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00187-00048794-00049027": "Philippines is no ly Miranda of Navotas", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00188-00049028-00049216": "whereby the city has won the award of", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00189-00049217-00049519": "best implementing rule and objection of", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00190-00049520-00049861": "the year", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00191-00049862-00050414": "culture the city is considered as the", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00192-00050415-00050642": "local Venice due to year-long floods and", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00193-00050643-00050936": "gradual sinking the city of malabon is a", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00194-00050937-00051176": "place famous for its pancit malabon and", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00195-00051177-00051446": "it's predominantly Atlantic ambience it", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00196-00051447-00051646": "is also famous for other variety of", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00197-00051647-00051701": "foods", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00198-00051702-00051935": "kkuk onon such as puto sulla puto", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00199-00051936-00052192": "Bambang safe and safe and bros bibingka", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00200-00052194-00052487": "and Camacho the culinary delights are", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00201-00052488-00052913": "abundant in its specialty eateries its", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00202-00052914-00053171": "most famous festival as though to go to", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00203-00053172-00053453": "Caracol a flooville procession with", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00204-00053454-00053639": "street dancing to commemorate the Feast", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00205-00053640-00053825": "of the Immaculate Conception every the", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00206-00053826-00054076": "8th of December", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00207-00054077-00054337": "the city of malabon is also home for", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00208-00054338-00054559": "famous personalities including epifanio", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00209-00054560-00054802": "de los santos historian and hero", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00210-00054803-00055078": "Timoteo pious hero nano marcello", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00211-00055079-00055366": "cartoonist Ildefonso santos poet and his", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00212-00055366-00055651": "son ildefonso ki santos jr. national", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00213-00055652-00055786": "artist in architecture", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00214-00055787-00056011": "Gregorio sansheng co-writer Loren", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00215-00056012-00056266": "Legarda senator Angelica de la Cruz", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00216-00056266-00056521": "artist Eric santos artist and singer", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00217-00056522-00056776": "rochelle Pangolin an artist phil young", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00218-00056777-00056991": "husband football player and dexter face", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00219-00056992-00057214": "lo of allah me band songwriter of the", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00220-00057215-00057486": "famous song your love", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00221-00057487-00058066": "heritage houses malov on houses several", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00222-00058066-00058287": "old homes of historical value the", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00223-00058288-00058498": "dionisio family home the Rivera house", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00224-00058499-00058743": "the valenko house the Luna house the", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00225-00058744-00058950": "Martinez house the chicky AAMCO house", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00226-00058951-00059241": "the Rojas Borja house the Teodoro Luna", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00227-00059242-00059296": "house", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00228-00059297-00059491": "the Santos la foods house the pant", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00229-00059491-00059757": "ahlian Bautista house the Saiga formerly", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00230-00059758-00059959": "Gaza house and the Raymundo house", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00231-00059960-00060160": "considered to be the oldest located", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00232-00060161-00060466": "along C Ariano Street other old but", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00233-00060466-00060657": "well-preserved heritage houses in", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00234-00060658-00060906": "malabon include the asilo differe fanos", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00235-00060907-00061090": "the piya's house and the Nepomuceno", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00236-00061091-00061354": "house", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00237-00061355-00061735": "education", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00238-00061736-00062297": "tertiary level the de LaSalle Araneta", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00239-00062298-00062518": "University is the seventh campus of De", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00240-00062519-00062779": "La Salle Philippines it was formerly", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00241-00062780-00063035": "known as the Gregorio Araneta University", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00242-00063036-00063325": "Foundation which was established in 1946", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00243-00063326-00063556": "as the Araneta Institute of Agriculture", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00244-00063557-00063773": "in Bulacan then transferred to malov on", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00245-00063774-00064156": "the year after in 1978 it was renamed as", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00246-00064157-00064349": "the Gregorio Araneta University", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00247-00064350-00064649": "Foundation integration of the University", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00248-00064650-00064981": "to the DLS system started since 1987 and", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00249-00064982-00065228": "in 2002 became an official member of the", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00250-00065229-00065512": "system the university specialises in", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00251-00065513-00065723": "veterinary medicine and agricultural", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00252-00065724-00065925": "sciences", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00253-00065926-00066225": "as an agricultural university salic", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00254-00066226-00066444": "Mehta farm formerly known as salic SiC", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00255-00066445-00066672": "Araneta located at the city of San Jose", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00256-00066673-00067050": "Del Monte Bulacan its total land area is", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00257-00067051-00067323": "64 hectares of farmland originally owned", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00258-00067324-00067533": "by Gregorio Araneta University", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00259-00067534-00067830": "Foundation the wide farmland is used for", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00260-00067831-00068079": "forestry and agricultural operations for", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00261-00068080-00068346": "student training purposes aside from", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00262-00068347-00068538": "serving as a laboratory and research", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00263-00068539-00068763": "facility an agricultural forestry", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00264-00068764-00069012": "ecology tourism integrated farm complete", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00265-00069013-00069204": "with recreational facilities such as", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00266-00069205-00069450": "horseback riding cara val cart pulling", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00267-00069451-00069699": "for passengers fishing camping mini zoo", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00268-00069700-00069897": "and conference area is envisioned in", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00269-00069898-00070164": "salic mehta Ariano university jose rizal", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00270-00070165-00070392": "campus and ELISA as Guerra campus", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00271-00070393-00070674": "established in 1950 is the fifth campus", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00272-00070675-00070929": "of Ariano University the city of malabon", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00273-00070930-00071298": "University CMU is the City University it", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00274-00071299-00071571": "is located in barangay Longos malabon", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00275-00071572-00071850": "city there are also TESDA accredited", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00276-00071851-00072132": "schools in the city it includes the city", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00277-00072133-00072363": "of malabon Polytechnic Institute I", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00278-00072364-00072597": "learned Center Philippines st. Catherine", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00279-00072598-00072837": "Institute of Technology and st. amitiel", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00280-00072838-00073069": "College", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00281-00073070-00073659": "secondary schools malabon national high", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00282-00073660-00073931": "school or em NHS is the pilot secondary", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00283-00073932-00074132": "school and the most populous school in", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00284-00074133-00074369": "the city the school offers three", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00285-00074370-00074565": "curriculum engineering and science", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00286-00074566-00074862": "education program ESCP popularly known", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00287-00074863-00075162": "as special science class or SSC special", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00288-00075163-00075390": "program in the arts spa and the K to 12", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00289-00075391-00075668": "education korea l'm", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00290-00075669-00075905": "there are other 12 public secondary", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00291-00075906-00076168": "schools in malabon namely the malabon", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00292-00076169-00076367": "national high school and malabon", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00293-00076368-00076628": "national high school concepción vo C", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00294-00076629-00076861": "Tech annex Tina arrows national high", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00295-00076862-00077068": "school and Tina arrows national high", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00296-00077069-00077317": "school acacia annex Catman integrated", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00297-00077318-00077624": "school call ramon kambou integrated", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00298-00077625-00077897": "school Longos national high school Pangu", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00299-00077898-00078082": "low national high school Potrero", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00300-00078083-00078311": "national high school Tandang integrated", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00301-00078312-00078560": "school tonic national high school and -", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00302-00078561-00078905": "guitar - '''l high school", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00303-00078906-00079140": "there are also a number of private", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00304-00079141-00079343": "schools in malabon areas such as", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00305-00079344-00079572": "Immaculate Conception parochial school", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00306-00079573-00079848": "st. James Academy st. Theresa the Child", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00307-00079849-00080314": "Jesus to name a few", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00308-00080315-00080769": "sister cities", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00309-00080770-00081522": "local Navotas metro manila para nack", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00310-00081523-00082148": "Metro Manila caisson City Metro Manila", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00311-00082149-00082606": "Caloocan Metro Manila", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00312-00082607-00083357": "International Akita Japan young district", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00313-00083358-00084095": "Daejeon South Korea Taipei Taiwan", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00314-00084096-00084501": "references", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00315-00084502-00085102": "external links official city government", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00316-00085103-00085498": "website geographic data related to", "ozjYdnJ50oY-00317-00085499-00085849": "malabon at OpenStreetMap"}}, {"audio_id": "ozz6Q8IOW2k", "text": {"ozz6Q8IOW2k-00000-00000071-00000311": "so then in terms of of how you select", "ozz6Q8IOW2k-00001-00000312-00000543": "your tags i know you you spoke about", "ozz6Q8IOW2k-00002-00000544-00000671": "titles being the most important", "ozz6Q8IOW2k-00003-00000672-00000807": "descriptions being the second most", "ozz6Q8IOW2k-00004-00000808-00000935": "important in terms of the youtube", "ozz6Q8IOW2k-00005-00000936-00001119": "algorithm", "ozz6Q8IOW2k-00006-00001120-00001215": "what", "ozz6Q8IOW2k-00007-00001216-00001343": "are", "ozz6Q8IOW2k-00008-00001344-00001503": "you using", "ozz6Q8IOW2k-00009-00001504-00001695": "for your keyword research how are you", "ozz6Q8IOW2k-00010-00001696-00001934": "determining how to how to", "ozz6Q8IOW2k-00011-00001935-00002223": "phrase your titles and how to", "ozz6Q8IOW2k-00012-00002224-00002447": "uh write out your descriptions and so", "ozz6Q8IOW2k-00013-00002448-00002671": "forth", "ozz6Q8IOW2k-00014-00002672-00002758": "um", "ozz6Q8IOW2k-00015-00002759-00003031": "so through some trial and error and i", "ozz6Q8IOW2k-00016-00003032-00003166": "think it's different for everybody which", "ozz6Q8IOW2k-00017-00003167-00003295": "is why you have to go through that trial", "ozz6Q8IOW2k-00018-00003296-00003519": "and error kind of process", "ozz6Q8IOW2k-00019-00003520-00003606": "but", "ozz6Q8IOW2k-00020-00003607-00003854": "i do my keyword research using tubebuddy", "ozz6Q8IOW2k-00021-00003855-00003943": "like", "ozz6Q8IOW2k-00022-00003944-00004095": "i think there's a lot of good tools vid", "ozz6Q8IOW2k-00023-00004096-00004263": "iq is also really good there's a new one", "ozz6Q8IOW2k-00024-00004264-00004422": "called morningfame which is pretty dope", "ozz6Q8IOW2k-00025-00004423-00004502": "too", "ozz6Q8IOW2k-00026-00004503-00004711": "um whatever tool you end up using i just", "ozz6Q8IOW2k-00027-00004712-00004919": "do keyword research using", "ozz6Q8IOW2k-00028-00004920-00005047": "tubebuddy", "ozz6Q8IOW2k-00029-00005048-00005120": "and um", "ozz6Q8IOW2k-00030-00005121-00005311": "[Music]", "ozz6Q8IOW2k-00031-00005312-00005543": "i just try to like main like find", "ozz6Q8IOW2k-00032-00005544-00005695": "different keywords and test them all the", "ozz6Q8IOW2k-00033-00005696-00005822": "time like a couple months ago i was", "ozz6Q8IOW2k-00034-00005823-00005959": "testing german", "ozz6Q8IOW2k-00035-00005960-00006151": "actually performing well with my second", "ozz6Q8IOW2k-00036-00006152-00006383": "channel using those keywords", "ozz6Q8IOW2k-00037-00006384-00006567": "that move back again just to kind of", "ozz6Q8IOW2k-00038-00006568-00006759": "test it out and see if i can grow in", "ozz6Q8IOW2k-00039-00006759-00006919": "that niche as well", "ozz6Q8IOW2k-00040-00006920-00006980": "but um", "ozz6Q8IOW2k-00041-00006981-00007142": "[Music]", "ozz6Q8IOW2k-00042-00007143-00007263": "yeah", "ozz6Q8IOW2k-00043-00007264-00007439": "i would say just like", "ozz6Q8IOW2k-00044-00007440-00007591": "that's the most important thing that i", "ozz6Q8IOW2k-00045-00007592-00007791": "do finding those artists that have like", "ozz6Q8IOW2k-00046-00007792-00007983": "a lot of traffic but don't have a lot of", "ozz6Q8IOW2k-00047-00007984-00008199": "competition in them so a lot of people", "ozz6Q8IOW2k-00048-00008200-00008407": "are looking for searching for that but", "ozz6Q8IOW2k-00049-00008408-00008591": "they're posting content for that type of", "ozz6Q8IOW2k-00050-00008592-00008791": "thing those are like the best keywords", "ozz6Q8IOW2k-00051-00008792-00008983": "to go for and then i just test those out", "ozz6Q8IOW2k-00052-00008984-00009167": "when i find one that gets more views", "ozz6Q8IOW2k-00053-00009168-00009423": "than say my average", "ozz6Q8IOW2k-00054-00009424-00009631": "that i want to stick to and work into my", "ozz6Q8IOW2k-00055-00009632-00009967": "like overall like content schedule", "ozz6Q8IOW2k-00056-00009968-00010167": "so right now you're at kind of still the", "ozz6Q8IOW2k-00057-00010168-00010446": "testing phase or or have you decided on", "ozz6Q8IOW2k-00058-00010447-00010703": "a niche yet where you're really focusing", "ozz6Q8IOW2k-00059-00010704-00010974": "on one or two keywords and just", "ozz6Q8IOW2k-00060-00010975-00011271": "hammering your your channel with that", "ozz6Q8IOW2k-00061-00011272-00011446": "for my second channel with 1800", "ozz6Q8IOW2k-00062-00011447-00011599": "subscribers that's just for the tight", "ozz6Q8IOW2k-00063-00011600-00011774": "beats i would say i'm definitely still", "ozz6Q8IOW2k-00064-00011775-00011974": "in the infancy phase of testing i know", "ozz6Q8IOW2k-00065-00011975-00012070": "i've got", "ozz6Q8IOW2k-00066-00012071-00012327": "the jaden smith keyword for sure", "ozz6Q8IOW2k-00067-00012328-00012527": "um but i'm still testing", "ozz6Q8IOW2k-00068-00012528-00012751": "and wonder girls good", "ozz6Q8IOW2k-00069-00012752-00012974": "um but like other keywords like travis", "ozz6Q8IOW2k-00070-00012975-00013102": "scott", "ozz6Q8IOW2k-00071-00013103-00013358": "dont oliver german artists like", "ozz6Q8IOW2k-00072-00013359-00013694": "ufo uh 361 kaleem and just a bunch of", "ozz6Q8IOW2k-00073-00013695-00013838": "other stuff that i'm working with i'm", "ozz6Q8IOW2k-00074-00013840-00014079": "just testing out a lot of stuff", "ozz6Q8IOW2k-00075-00014080-00014230": "eventually i want to narrow it down to", "ozz6Q8IOW2k-00076-00014231-00014503": "like that two to four kind of like", "ozz6Q8IOW2k-00077-00014504-00014686": "niche artist that i only post content", "ozz6Q8IOW2k-00078-00014687-00014863": "for but it's definitely still in the in", "ozz6Q8IOW2k-00079-00014863-00015647": "a testing phase for sure", "ozz6Q8IOW2k-00080-00015647-00015856": "you"}}, {"audio_id": "ozLayKP-aa8", "text": {"ozLayKP-aa8-00000-00000024-00000231": "so chris tell us a bit about you know", "ozLayKP-aa8-00001-00000231-00000375": "you were there from the start how did", "ozLayKP-aa8-00002-00000376-00000447": "the", "ozLayKP-aa8-00003-00000448-00000630": "pain service come about", "ozLayKP-aa8-00004-00000631-00000966": "yeah um the pain service came about in", "ozLayKP-aa8-00005-00000967-00001366": "about 2004 and it was because the local", "ozLayKP-aa8-00006-00001367-00001639": "pain service the hospital trust um again", "ozLayKP-aa8-00007-00001639-00001798": "they were and they were kind of", "ozLayKP-aa8-00008-00001800-00001959": "overwhelmed with with uh with people", "ozLayKP-aa8-00009-00001960-00002326": "needing to be referred in and um", "ozLayKP-aa8-00010-00002327-00002423": "they", "ozLayKP-aa8-00011-00002424-00002558": "they were struggling i suppose was the", "ozLayKP-aa8-00012-00002559-00002807": "reality and under ccg the clinical", "ozLayKP-aa8-00013-00002808-00003031": "commissioning group they got involved", "ozLayKP-aa8-00014-00003032-00003118": "and", "ozLayKP-aa8-00015-00003119-00003303": "they said well you know we're happy to", "ozLayKP-aa8-00016-00003304-00003535": "support pain service but we want to look", "ozLayKP-aa8-00017-00003536-00003647": "at doing things slightly differently", "ozLayKP-aa8-00018-00003647-00003727": "because", "ozLayKP-aa8-00019-00003728-00003919": "the evidence base was starting to change", "ozLayKP-aa8-00020-00003920-00004119": "around that time from", "ozLayKP-aa8-00021-00004120-00004399": "interventions in pain to", "ozLayKP-aa8-00022-00004400-00004567": "more of a kind of a", "ozLayKP-aa8-00023-00004568-00004775": "i guess a sustainable way of managing", "ozLayKP-aa8-00024-00004776-00004943": "pain perhaps people would say", "ozLayKP-aa8-00025-00004944-00005206": "non-interventional way of managing pain", "ozLayKP-aa8-00026-00005207-00005359": "you know just", "ozLayKP-aa8-00027-00005360-00005495": "it was becoming apparent that there are", "ozLayKP-aa8-00028-00005496-00005647": "other ways of managing pain and so i", "ozLayKP-aa8-00029-00005648-00005918": "think the ccg uh wanted", "ozLayKP-aa8-00030-00005919-00006054": "us to start exploring that and i'd", "ozLayKP-aa8-00031-00006055-00006231": "already been involved in a and setting", "ozLayKP-aa8-00032-00006232-00006463": "up a paint service in liverpool um a", "ozLayKP-aa8-00033-00006464-00006639": "year or two earlier", "ozLayKP-aa8-00034-00006640-00006806": "so i got involved then", "ozLayKP-aa8-00035-00006808-00006942": "and um", "ozLayKP-aa8-00036-00006943-00007167": "so we planned it and we um we", "ozLayKP-aa8-00037-00007168-00007367": "implemented that it's really small at", "ozLayKP-aa8-00038-00007368-00007551": "the start it was me and i'm a", "ozLayKP-aa8-00039-00007552-00007823": "physiotherapist and just offering um one", "ozLayKP-aa8-00040-00007823-00007991": "or two clinics a week and i think at", "ozLayKP-aa8-00041-00007992-00008183": "that time we probably had about", "ozLayKP-aa8-00042-00008184-00008295": "um", "ozLayKP-aa8-00043-00008296-00008495": "i don't know five or six people referred", "ozLayKP-aa8-00044-00008496-00008646": "in a week and they just grew", "ozLayKP-aa8-00045-00008647-00008814": "really and", "ozLayKP-aa8-00046-00008815-00009014": "so so yeah that was that was kind of the", "ozLayKP-aa8-00047-00009015-00009151": "start of it and", "ozLayKP-aa8-00048-00009152-00009310": "um we", "ozLayKP-aa8-00049-00009311-00009535": "i think we collaborated a bit with the", "ozLayKP-aa8-00050-00009536-00009719": "the acute trust who run the pain service", "ozLayKP-aa8-00051-00009720-00009895": "there and again it was kind of obvious", "ozLayKP-aa8-00052-00009896-00010110": "that you know we'd we wanted to do", "ozLayKP-aa8-00053-00010111-00010287": "things differently my my paint training", "ozLayKP-aa8-00054-00010288-00010535": "was um specifically", "ozLayKP-aa8-00055-00010536-00010759": "um well originally it was it was quite", "ozLayKP-aa8-00056-00010760-00011046": "interventional but um i'd done a pain", "ozLayKP-aa8-00057-00011047-00011255": "fellowship which um", "ozLayKP-aa8-00058-00011256-00011591": "was for a year um and that really was", "ozLayKP-aa8-00059-00011592-00011799": "focused i was able to define my own kind", "ozLayKP-aa8-00060-00011800-00012063": "of pain training at that time and um so", "ozLayKP-aa8-00061-00012064-00012246": "with the um the", "ozLayKP-aa8-00062-00012247-00012463": "the the mentor and the walton center who", "ozLayKP-aa8-00063-00012464-00012591": "was doing it with they said fine you", "ozLayKP-aa8-00064-00012592-00012822": "know you do what you want to do and so i", "ozLayKP-aa8-00065-00012823-00013102": "focused a lot on community stuff and so", "ozLayKP-aa8-00066-00013103-00013286": "it wasn't so much intervention but a lot", "ozLayKP-aa8-00067-00013287-00013463": "more about rehabilitation", "ozLayKP-aa8-00068-00013463-00013719": "and diagnostics and um so", "ozLayKP-aa8-00069-00013719-00013975": "it um it started that way really and the", "ozLayKP-aa8-00070-00013976-00014222": "physio that we had she was keen and she", "ozLayKP-aa8-00071-00014223-00014463": "wanted to kind of be involved in helping", "ozLayKP-aa8-00072-00014463-00014607": "people rehabilitate", "ozLayKP-aa8-00073-00014608-00014766": "so and and why", "ozLayKP-aa8-00074-00014768-00015015": "why develop into the multi-disciplinary", "ozLayKP-aa8-00075-00015016-00015303": "team we have now why do that with pain i", "ozLayKP-aa8-00076-00015304-00015575": "think it was i mean it was apparent that", "ozLayKP-aa8-00077-00015576-00015663": "we", "ozLayKP-aa8-00078-00015663-00015815": "uh well we know", "ozLayKP-aa8-00079-00015816-00016038": "you know pain is such a multi-factorial", "ozLayKP-aa8-00080-00016040-00016294": "thing and um", "ozLayKP-aa8-00081-00016295-00016494": "we we recognized at the time it was kind", "ozLayKP-aa8-00082-00016495-00016671": "of a foot in the door really of getting", "ozLayKP-aa8-00083-00016672-00016943": "pain services started we um we knew the", "ozLayKP-aa8-00084-00016944-00017183": "physio and medical", "ozLayKP-aa8-00085-00017184-00017391": "support in the service was important but", "ozLayKP-aa8-00086-00017392-00017535": "we needed all the disciplines as well", "ozLayKP-aa8-00087-00017536-00017791": "and psychology was was dead important on", "ozLayKP-aa8-00088-00017792-00018030": "um occupational therapy and you know", "ozLayKP-aa8-00089-00018031-00018222": "there's lots of different elements to a", "ozLayKP-aa8-00090-00018223-00018567": "pain service um but um but yeah we we", "ozLayKP-aa8-00091-00018568-00018703": "started to look at putting a business", "ozLayKP-aa8-00092-00018704-00018903": "case together for how we would develop", "ozLayKP-aa8-00093-00018904-00019094": "into a multi-professional team", "ozLayKP-aa8-00094-00019095-00019255": "and that came about", "ozLayKP-aa8-00095-00019256-00019458": "probably in about", "ozLayKP-aa8-00096-00019459-00019694": "2007 we were doing the business case and", "ozLayKP-aa8-00097-00019695-00019958": "then 2008 we got it kind of agreed and i", "ozLayKP-aa8-00098-00019959-00020158": "think that was about the time that", "ozLayKP-aa8-00099-00020159-00020439": "the you came on i started about 2008 i", "ozLayKP-aa8-00100-00020440-00020639": "think yeah yeah", "ozLayKP-aa8-00101-00020640-00020783": "and what were your thoughts when you", "ozLayKP-aa8-00102-00020784-00020935": "when you were kind of getting involved", "ozLayKP-aa8-00103-00020936-00021158": "in a paint service that was like", "ozLayKP-aa8-00104-00021159-00021367": "kind of so small and", "ozLayKP-aa8-00105-00021368-00021511": "not really", "ozLayKP-aa8-00106-00021512-00021750": "like kind of non-existent", "ozLayKP-aa8-00107-00021751-00021903": "well", "ozLayKP-aa8-00108-00021904-00022207": "i was up for a challenge really i hadn't", "ozLayKP-aa8-00109-00022208-00022350": "i was used to working with people with", "ozLayKP-aa8-00110-00022351-00022550": "long-term health conditions but", "ozLayKP-aa8-00111-00022551-00022711": "at that point wasn't particularly", "ozLayKP-aa8-00112-00022712-00022927": "specialized in working with people with", "ozLayKP-aa8-00113-00022928-00023158": "long-term pain", "ozLayKP-aa8-00114-00023159-00023383": "and i remember when i was kind of first", "ozLayKP-aa8-00115-00023384-00023575": "starting a meeting with you and you said", "ozLayKP-aa8-00116-00023576-00023742": "so becky what do you know about pain and", "ozLayKP-aa8-00117-00023743-00023847": "i said", "ozLayKP-aa8-00118-00023848-00024158": "not loads actually but i know quite a", "ozLayKP-aa8-00119-00024159-00024303": "lot about", "ozLayKP-aa8-00120-00024304-00024503": "working and having conversations with", "ozLayKP-aa8-00121-00024504-00024758": "people whose lives have changed as a", "ozLayKP-aa8-00122-00024759-00024950": "result of a health condition coming", "ozLayKP-aa8-00123-00024951-00025239": "along did i say i didn't know", "ozLayKP-aa8-00124-00025240-00025527": "i can't remember actually", "ozLayKP-aa8-00125-00025528-00025687": "and you were in your gp practice at the", "ozLayKP-aa8-00126-00025688-00025870": "time", "ozLayKP-aa8-00127-00025872-00026046": "and then i think we were talking about", "ozLayKP-aa8-00128-00026047-00026167": "you know what", "ozLayKP-aa8-00129-00026168-00026383": "what difference psychology", "ozLayKP-aa8-00130-00026383-00026535": "might make and why did you want", "ozLayKP-aa8-00131-00026536-00026767": "psychology as part of the clinic and", "ozLayKP-aa8-00132-00026768-00027031": "and i'm i'm curious actually as to what", "ozLayKP-aa8-00133-00027032-00027231": "you think about what what difference has", "ozLayKP-aa8-00134-00027232-00027439": "psychology made i don't know", "ozLayKP-aa8-00135-00027439-00027583": "it's um", "ozLayKP-aa8-00136-00027583-00027702": "i mean it's really interesting to", "ozLayKP-aa8-00137-00027704-00027902": "reflect on that because i think of my", "ozLayKP-aa8-00138-00027904-00028167": "journey in pain and obviously with my", "ozLayKP-aa8-00139-00028168-00028383": "background originally in anaesthetics", "ozLayKP-aa8-00140-00028383-00028646": "and kind of an anesthetic focus to pain", "ozLayKP-aa8-00141-00028647-00028767": "which", "ozLayKP-aa8-00142-00028768-00028943": "which largely i think is is you know", "ozLayKP-aa8-00143-00028944-00029087": "doesn't necessarily you're kind of quite", "ozLayKP-aa8-00144-00029088-00029262": "procedure-based it's a practical", "ozLayKP-aa8-00145-00029263-00029479": "specialty", "ozLayKP-aa8-00146-00029480-00029695": "but then going into general practice you", "ozLayKP-aa8-00147-00029695-00029879": "kind of see another side of", "ozLayKP-aa8-00148-00029880-00030102": "communication and and kind of long-term", "ozLayKP-aa8-00149-00030103-00030358": "management of things and um the pain", "ozLayKP-aa8-00150-00030360-00030599": "fellowship that i did it was um as i", "ozLayKP-aa8-00151-00030600-00030758": "said before it was kind of", "ozLayKP-aa8-00152-00030760-00030927": "much more focused on diagnostics and", "ozLayKP-aa8-00153-00030927-00031111": "rehabilitation but again in the", "ozLayKP-aa8-00154-00031112-00031295": "environment it was it was you know it", "ozLayKP-aa8-00155-00031295-00031543": "was kind of a year-long fellowship", "ozLayKP-aa8-00156-00031544-00031735": "that the anaesthetists do and again it's", "ozLayKP-aa8-00157-00031736-00031918": "quite interventionally focused and i", "ozLayKP-aa8-00158-00031919-00032102": "think i started off", "ozLayKP-aa8-00159-00032103-00032262": "this clinic with a view that we can", "ozLayKP-aa8-00160-00032263-00032455": "build um", "ozLayKP-aa8-00161-00032456-00032590": "perhaps", "ozLayKP-aa8-00162-00032591-00032815": "interventions into rehabilitation a lot", "ozLayKP-aa8-00163-00032816-00033062": "more than than we ended up doing really", "ozLayKP-aa8-00164-00033063-00033287": "and i think um when", "ozLayKP-aa8-00165-00033288-00033471": "we started working together it just it", "ozLayKP-aa8-00166-00033472-00033623": "was like a bit of a light bulb moment", "ozLayKP-aa8-00167-00033624-00033815": "for me it kind of made me realize", "ozLayKP-aa8-00168-00033816-00034102": "there's a load more to it than", "ozLayKP-aa8-00169-00034103-00034262": "um you know than", "ozLayKP-aa8-00170-00034263-00034431": "than focusing your", "ozLayKP-aa8-00171-00034432-00034607": "medical", "ozLayKP-aa8-00172-00034608-00034831": "input into into interventions and you", "ozLayKP-aa8-00173-00034832-00034974": "know it kind of", "ozLayKP-aa8-00174-00034975-00035199": "made me realize the power of really", "ozLayKP-aa8-00175-00035200-00035374": "learning and aspiring to good", "ozLayKP-aa8-00176-00035375-00035646": "communication skills and how you can", "ozLayKP-aa8-00177-00035647-00035839": "bring up the best in people", "ozLayKP-aa8-00178-00035840-00036118": "it stopped being about what i can do for", "ozLayKP-aa8-00179-00036119-00036415": "for people and it much more became an", "ozLayKP-aa8-00180-00036416-00036655": "emphasis on helping people uncover what", "ozLayKP-aa8-00181-00036656-00036846": "they do day to day for themselves and", "ozLayKP-aa8-00182-00036847-00036983": "the skills that they have because that's", "ozLayKP-aa8-00183-00036984-00037215": "going to help you know them at", "ozLayKP-aa8-00184-00037216-00037335": "three in the morning when things are", "ozLayKP-aa8-00185-00037336-00037551": "really bad you know i'm not gonna help", "ozLayKP-aa8-00186-00037552-00037662": "at three o'clock in the morning when", "ozLayKP-aa8-00187-00037663-00037855": "things are really bad and you know the", "ozLayKP-aa8-00188-00037856-00038055": "resilience that people have", "ozLayKP-aa8-00189-00038056-00038215": "on their own toolbox", "ozLayKP-aa8-00190-00038216-00038439": "is you know a vital ingredient and so it", "ozLayKP-aa8-00191-00038440-00038599": "really opened my eyes to that i think", "ozLayKP-aa8-00192-00038600-00038846": "and the the power of how we communicate", "ozLayKP-aa8-00193-00038847-00038974": "i think i", "ozLayKP-aa8-00194-00038975-00039143": "thought as a gp that you know you get", "ozLayKP-aa8-00195-00039144-00039246": "good", "ozLayKP-aa8-00196-00039247-00039502": "uh training and communication but kind", "ozLayKP-aa8-00197-00039503-00039662": "of you realize", "ozLayKP-aa8-00198-00039663-00039887": "there's more levels to it than that and", "ozLayKP-aa8-00199-00039888-00040095": "that really helped me i think having you", "ozLayKP-aa8-00200-00040096-00040295": "and you know you can continue to learn", "ozLayKP-aa8-00201-00040296-00040479": "in that way", "ozLayKP-aa8-00202-00040480-00040630": "and for me", "ozLayKP-aa8-00203-00040631-00040774": "it helps being embedded as a", "ozLayKP-aa8-00204-00040775-00040935": "psychologist in", "ozLayKP-aa8-00205-00040936-00041151": "a physical health team because i", "ozLayKP-aa8-00206-00041152-00041246": "observe", "ozLayKP-aa8-00207-00041247-00041518": "absorb and learn aspects of kind of pain", "ozLayKP-aa8-00208-00041519-00041830": "physiology from you guys from physios", "ozLayKP-aa8-00209-00041831-00041943": "etc", "ozLayKP-aa8-00210-00041944-00042183": "and that helps me in my practice when", "ozLayKP-aa8-00211-00042184-00042287": "people are looking for better", "ozLayKP-aa8-00212-00042288-00042535": "understandings of of pain you know i", "ozLayKP-aa8-00213-00042536-00042727": "work with colleagues and i can also", "ozLayKP-aa8-00214-00042728-00042911": "reinforce those messages", "ozLayKP-aa8-00215-00042912-00043143": "sometimes so being embedded in a team i", "ozLayKP-aa8-00216-00043144-00043335": "think is really helpful it's funny isn't", "ozLayKP-aa8-00217-00043336-00043455": "it because like we talk about the", "ozLayKP-aa8-00218-00043456-00043623": "biopsychosocial", "ozLayKP-aa8-00219-00043624-00043846": "um we use this term by psychosocial", "ozLayKP-aa8-00220-00043847-00044062": "donor and i think it reflects many", "ozLayKP-aa8-00221-00044063-00044239": "levels doesn't it because you just hit", "ozLayKP-aa8-00222-00044240-00044462": "upon you know how we operate by", "ozLayKP-aa8-00223-00044463-00044718": "psychosocially as a team you know and we", "ozLayKP-aa8-00224-00044719-00044918": "bounce ideas off each other and when we", "ozLayKP-aa8-00225-00044919-00045127": "have our mdts you know i", "ozLayKP-aa8-00226-00045128-00045415": "um it's not like i would refer somebody", "ozLayKP-aa8-00227-00045416-00045630": "uh to you necessarily because you do the", "ozLayKP-aa8-00228-00045631-00045887": "psychology it's like we all kind of have", "ozLayKP-aa8-00229-00045888-00046215": "an understanding of of each other's um", "ozLayKP-aa8-00230-00046216-00046415": "you know skills and so that rubs off on", "ozLayKP-aa8-00231-00046416-00046599": "us really and so we", "ozLayKP-aa8-00232-00046600-00046686": "we", "ozLayKP-aa8-00233-00046687-00046943": "hopefully aspire to um to operate by", "ozLayKP-aa8-00234-00046944-00047158": "psychosocially as clinicians and how we", "ozLayKP-aa8-00235-00047159-00047383": "consult with people as well yeah and i", "ozLayKP-aa8-00236-00047384-00047551": "think we aim to look at the whole person", "ozLayKP-aa8-00237-00047552-00047623": "yeah", "ozLayKP-aa8-00238-00047624-00047846": "so yeah biopsychosocial are all factors", "ozLayKP-aa8-00239-00047847-00048111": "in that but within that we look at", "ozLayKP-aa8-00240-00048112-00048302": "yeah the whole person and what they want", "ozLayKP-aa8-00241-00048303-00048446": "and what's important", "ozLayKP-aa8-00242-00048447-00048567": "to them and", "ozLayKP-aa8-00243-00048568-00048727": "that's definitely infiltrated in your", "ozLayKP-aa8-00244-00048728-00048879": "practice as i've", "ozLayKP-aa8-00245-00048880-00049079": "noticed over the years i think it has", "ozLayKP-aa8-00246-00049080-00049279": "you know the um", "ozLayKP-aa8-00247-00049280-00049439": "you know the different", "ozLayKP-aa8-00248-00049440-00049599": "uh i suppose the different ways that you", "ozLayKP-aa8-00249-00049600-00049839": "ask things uh that's been a big shift", "ozLayKP-aa8-00250-00049840-00050111": "for me is trying to ask things in a", "ozLayKP-aa8-00251-00050112-00050367": "curious way and genuinely having a", "ozLayKP-aa8-00252-00050368-00050767": "curiosity about what works for people um", "ozLayKP-aa8-00253-00050768-00050943": "and i think also", "ozLayKP-aa8-00254-00050944-00051111": "a meeting of expertise and a", "ozLayKP-aa8-00255-00051112-00051350": "consultation because i think", "ozLayKP-aa8-00256-00051351-00051542": "you know in medical school and i suppose", "ozLayKP-aa8-00257-00051544-00051711": "in a lot of other you know clinical", "ozLayKP-aa8-00258-00051712-00051902": "specialties you know you kind of", "ozLayKP-aa8-00259-00051903-00052126": "um there's a lot of pressure on you to", "ozLayKP-aa8-00260-00052127-00052358": "be the person who's got the answers", "ozLayKP-aa8-00261-00052359-00052591": "um um a great", "ozLayKP-aa8-00262-00052591-00052830": "i suppose a great lesson for me which", "ozLayKP-aa8-00263-00052832-00053079": "you know as i say i continue to to learn", "ozLayKP-aa8-00264-00053079-00053263": "is is you know you don't always have all", "ozLayKP-aa8-00265-00053264-00053463": "the answers and you know often people", "ozLayKP-aa8-00266-00053464-00053694": "have better answers than you mm-hmm and", "ozLayKP-aa8-00267-00053695-00053847": "it's being open and receptive to that", "ozLayKP-aa8-00268-00053848-00054054": "i'm not feeling like you have to", "ozLayKP-aa8-00269-00054055-00054223": "you know solve everything", "ozLayKP-aa8-00270-00054224-00054519": "and um you know it's you can ensure you", "ozLayKP-aa8-00271-00054520-00054663": "have an expertise and something but", "ozLayKP-aa8-00272-00054664-00054791": "people coming into that consultation", "ozLayKP-aa8-00273-00054791-00054950": "they have an expertise as well and the", "ozLayKP-aa8-00274-00054951-00055103": "greatest things happen when you the two", "ozLayKP-aa8-00275-00055104-00055230": "of those meet", "ozLayKP-aa8-00276-00055232-00055399": "i think that's been a real powerful", "ozLayKP-aa8-00277-00055400-00055542": "thing for me that i've learned from you", "ozLayKP-aa8-00278-00055544-00055719": "so you've grown your curiosity and", "ozLayKP-aa8-00279-00055720-00055854": "looking at", "ozLayKP-aa8-00280-00055855-00056030": "what talents people already have and", "ozLayKP-aa8-00281-00056032-00056215": "what they want more of and that makes a", "ozLayKP-aa8-00282-00056216-00056335": "difference", "ozLayKP-aa8-00283-00056336-00056494": "in the practice of", "ozLayKP-aa8-00284-00056495-00056679": "of pain management and living well with", "ozLayKP-aa8-00285-00056679-00057119": "pain yeah it stops being a transactional", "ozLayKP-aa8-00286-00057120-00057279": "i have this pain", "ozLayKP-aa8-00287-00057279-00057487": "um somebody coming in i have this pain", "ozLayKP-aa8-00288-00057488-00057782": "and then the clinician or doctor", "ozLayKP-aa8-00289-00057783-00058038": "saying well okay i can do this for that", "ozLayKP-aa8-00290-00058039-00058191": "because you know", "ozLayKP-aa8-00291-00058191-00058511": "automatically then if you because we", "ozLayKP-aa8-00292-00058512-00058711": "we know how um you know how", "ozLayKP-aa8-00293-00058712-00058854": "multifactorial pain is and how", "ozLayKP-aa8-00294-00058855-00059047": "predictable it is those treatments might", "ozLayKP-aa8-00295-00059048-00059230": "work and so you're setting", "ozLayKP-aa8-00296-00059232-00059359": "you're setting up you know kind of", "ozLayKP-aa8-00297-00059360-00059511": "disappointments all the time really and", "ozLayKP-aa8-00298-00059512-00059719": "i think having something a management", "ozLayKP-aa8-00299-00059720-00059879": "plan in context where it's an agreed", "ozLayKP-aa8-00300-00059879-00060015": "management plan and we're using all the", "ozLayKP-aa8-00301-00060016-00060166": "skills that people have there's", "ozLayKP-aa8-00302-00060167-00060311": "different strands to their management", "ozLayKP-aa8-00303-00060312-00060591": "plan so if that doesn't necessarily work", "ozLayKP-aa8-00304-00060591-00060703": "well we've got a few other things that", "ozLayKP-aa8-00305-00060704-00060950": "are on the go as well and um you know so", "ozLayKP-aa8-00306-00060951-00061038": "it's", "ozLayKP-aa8-00307-00061039-00061215": "two percent from that four percent from", "ozLayKP-aa8-00308-00061216-00061454": "that and maybe they get a good benefit", "ozLayKP-aa8-00309-00061455-00061615": "from something else you know medicines", "ozLayKP-aa8-00310-00061616-00061806": "or interventions but we're not holding", "ozLayKP-aa8-00311-00061807-00062038": "all our hopes out on that and you know", "ozLayKP-aa8-00312-00062039-00062111": "it's", "ozLayKP-aa8-00313-00062112-00062303": "it's much more about you know utilizing", "ozLayKP-aa8-00314-00062304-00062526": "everything you can i think and helping", "ozLayKP-aa8-00315-00062527-00062623": "people", "ozLayKP-aa8-00316-00062624-00062879": "um you know kind of understand", "ozLayKP-aa8-00317-00062879-00063126": "i suppose um that", "ozLayKP-aa8-00318-00063127-00063319": "you know interventions have a role to", "ozLayKP-aa8-00319-00063320-00063479": "play or medicine may have a role to play", "ozLayKP-aa8-00320-00063479-00063711": "but that's not the the only problem", "ozLayKP-aa8-00321-00063712-00063975": "what would you say is the kind of focus", "ozLayKP-aa8-00322-00063976-00064166": "or the ethos or the the purpose if you", "ozLayKP-aa8-00323-00064167-00064350": "like of the the service now so if", "ozLayKP-aa8-00324-00064351-00064526": "someone walked through the door what", "ozLayKP-aa8-00325-00064527-00064719": "you know", "ozLayKP-aa8-00326-00064720-00064959": "what is the kind of aim i guess of the", "ozLayKP-aa8-00327-00064960-00065071": "service", "ozLayKP-aa8-00328-00065072-00065230": "i think um", "ozLayKP-aa8-00329-00065232-00065454": "for me it's it's um", "ozLayKP-aa8-00330-00065455-00065559": "it's always about people being", "ozLayKP-aa8-00331-00065560-00065767": "understood and being listened to and if", "ozLayKP-aa8-00332-00065768-00066087": "we fully listen to people then it helps", "ozLayKP-aa8-00333-00066088-00066343": "our understanding and when we understand", "ozLayKP-aa8-00334-00066344-00066606": "people then we collaborate better and we", "ozLayKP-aa8-00335-00066607-00066943": "get a better result you know and", "ozLayKP-aa8-00336-00066944-00067159": "i think the um", "ozLayKP-aa8-00337-00067160-00067471": "the key to that is is in yeah", "ozLayKP-aa8-00338-00067472-00067631": "well there's loads of keys and i suppose", "ozLayKP-aa8-00339-00067632-00067911": "it's it's um it starts with how we greet", "ozLayKP-aa8-00340-00067912-00068150": "people and you know how we", "ozLayKP-aa8-00341-00068151-00068343": "um the first couple of seconds in a", "ozLayKP-aa8-00342-00068344-00068606": "meeting that we have with people um but", "ozLayKP-aa8-00343-00068607-00068847": "it's for me it's all about listening and", "ozLayKP-aa8-00344-00068848-00069006": "i'm being responsive", "ozLayKP-aa8-00345-00069007-00069087": "um", "ozLayKP-aa8-00346-00069088-00069359": "it's of course i guess my default as a", "ozLayKP-aa8-00347-00069360-00069526": "doctor always is kind of got this kind", "ozLayKP-aa8-00348-00069527-00069782": "of spinal reflex of", "ozLayKP-aa8-00349-00069783-00070006": "diagnosis and and you know what can i do", "ozLayKP-aa8-00350-00070007-00070175": "what pills can i give i mean i kind of", "ozLayKP-aa8-00351-00070176-00070287": "have to suppress that a little bit", "ozLayKP-aa8-00352-00070288-00070511": "sometimes but it is we have to make sure", "ozLayKP-aa8-00353-00070512-00070726": "the things fit together and i think um", "ozLayKP-aa8-00354-00070727-00070991": "my role i guess as a doctor in services", "ozLayKP-aa8-00355-00070992-00071182": "is making sure diagnostically it it", "ozLayKP-aa8-00356-00071183-00071447": "seems right and that there isn't risk", "ozLayKP-aa8-00357-00071448-00071711": "associated with you know with um with", "ozLayKP-aa8-00358-00071712-00071838": "diagnoses that perhaps haven't been", "ozLayKP-aa8-00359-00071839-00071967": "uncovered", "ozLayKP-aa8-00360-00071968-00072150": "but the best will in the world i think", "ozLayKP-aa8-00361-00072151-00072455": "people if we've seen other clinicians um", "ozLayKP-aa8-00362-00072456-00072599": "you know pain is a complicated thing", "ozLayKP-aa8-00363-00072600-00072855": "isn't it on um sometimes", "ozLayKP-aa8-00364-00072856-00073047": "sometimes diagnoses are missed you know", "ozLayKP-aa8-00365-00073048-00073215": "not often but you know we just got to be", "ozLayKP-aa8-00366-00073216-00073399": "aware of that really we have to have a", "ozLayKP-aa8-00367-00073400-00073575": "foundation in you know there's a medical", "ozLayKP-aa8-00368-00073576-00073719": "that's why it's a biopsychosocial", "ozLayKP-aa8-00369-00073720-00073903": "there's a biological bit to it you know", "ozLayKP-aa8-00370-00073904-00074126": "we have to be mindful of that but um", "ozLayKP-aa8-00371-00074127-00074311": "it can't rule everything that's the i", "ozLayKP-aa8-00372-00074312-00074599": "think for me so people can expect a good", "ozLayKP-aa8-00373-00074600-00074806": "listening to and understanding", "ozLayKP-aa8-00374-00074807-00074943": "and of course", "ozLayKP-aa8-00375-00074944-00075150": "the usual if you like medical stuff of", "ozLayKP-aa8-00376-00075151-00075447": "diagnosis and treatments where possible", "ozLayKP-aa8-00377-00075448-00075671": "but also framed in this context of what", "ozLayKP-aa8-00378-00075672-00075871": "this person wants and", "ozLayKP-aa8-00379-00075872-00076087": "using the skills of the team to to help", "ozLayKP-aa8-00380-00076088-00076287": "them get there and use use what their", "ozLayKP-aa8-00381-00076288-00076438": "own resources to help themselves get", "ozLayKP-aa8-00382-00076439-00076655": "there as well yeah definitely definitely", "ozLayKP-aa8-00383-00076656-00076823": "it's that collaboration i think isn't it", "ozLayKP-aa8-00384-00076824-00077015": "i was from the psychology side of things", "ozLayKP-aa8-00385-00077016-00077455": "becky how do you feel um you know people", "ozLayKP-aa8-00386-00077456-00077687": "people respond to you when you've", "ozLayKP-aa8-00387-00077688-00077862": "you know when when you see people in the", "ozLayKP-aa8-00388-00077863-00078006": "paint service how do they normally", "ozLayKP-aa8-00389-00078007-00078223": "respond to kind of", "ozLayKP-aa8-00390-00078224-00078575": "um i think everybody's different i think", "ozLayKP-aa8-00391-00078576-00078750": "it depends on what they've kind of heard", "ozLayKP-aa8-00392-00078751-00078926": "already about you know what the", "ozLayKP-aa8-00393-00078927-00079119": "psychologists do", "ozLayKP-aa8-00394-00079120-00079423": "i think i'm really careful about", "ozLayKP-aa8-00395-00079424-00079535": "helping people have the message that", "ozLayKP-aa8-00396-00079536-00079662": "seeing the psychologist doesn't mean the", "ozLayKP-aa8-00397-00079663-00079831": "pain is all in your head because that", "ozLayKP-aa8-00398-00079832-00079919": "can be", "ozLayKP-aa8-00399-00079920-00080119": "a misconception sometimes which can be", "ozLayKP-aa8-00400-00080120-00080294": "really hurtful you know why do i need to", "ozLayKP-aa8-00401-00080295-00080535": "see a psychologist um", "ozLayKP-aa8-00402-00080536-00080831": "so i think yeah everybody's everybody's", "ozLayKP-aa8-00403-00080832-00081047": "different and everybody wants something", "ozLayKP-aa8-00404-00081048-00081175": "different from coming to see a", "ozLayKP-aa8-00405-00081176-00081438": "psychologist which is basically about", "ozLayKP-aa8-00406-00081439-00081638": "having conversations about trying to", "ozLayKP-aa8-00407-00081639-00081823": "live as well as possible despite pain", "ozLayKP-aa8-00408-00081824-00082031": "being around in people's lives that's", "ozLayKP-aa8-00409-00082032-00082238": "how i tend to kind of", "ozLayKP-aa8-00410-00082239-00082423": "frame it", "ozLayKP-aa8-00411-00082424-00082591": "and then we take it from there", "ozLayKP-aa8-00412-00082592-00082750": "i think the", "ozLayKP-aa8-00413-00082751-00082926": "thing i've just choked on my coffee", "ozLayKP-aa8-00414-00082927-00083087": "that's not", "ozLayKP-aa8-00415-00083088-00083350": "excuse me i think the thing about um", "ozLayKP-aa8-00416-00083351-00083543": "pain being being in your head is a", "ozLayKP-aa8-00417-00083544-00083718": "really really important thing it's", "ozLayKP-aa8-00418-00083719-00083911": "something weird you know i encounter a", "ozLayKP-aa8-00419-00083912-00084071": "lot", "ozLayKP-aa8-00420-00084072-00084206": "you know because people have heard", "ozLayKP-aa8-00421-00084207-00084543": "different explanations of pain and um", "ozLayKP-aa8-00422-00084544-00084711": "it's very easy to listen to but i think", "ozLayKP-aa8-00423-00084712-00084982": "when somebody talks about pain and the", "ozLayKP-aa8-00424-00084983-00085199": "uh the way pain is modulated and the way", "ozLayKP-aa8-00425-00085200-00085438": "pain is constructed um", "ozLayKP-aa8-00426-00085439-00085671": "i think it's so easy to", "ozLayKP-aa8-00427-00085672-00085847": "get into that pitfall of people walking", "ozLayKP-aa8-00428-00085848-00085975": "away thinking that you're saying that", "ozLayKP-aa8-00429-00085976-00086191": "this is this is in your head", "ozLayKP-aa8-00430-00086192-00086375": "and at the end of it in your brain isn't", "ozLayKP-aa8-00431-00086376-00086526": "it but it's it's kind of it's a", "ozLayKP-aa8-00432-00086527-00086662": "different connotation by someone", "ozLayKP-aa8-00433-00086663-00086847": "understanding it in your head", "ozLayKP-aa8-00434-00086848-00087055": "and perhaps we can talk more about that", "ozLayKP-aa8-00435-00087056-00087280": "yeah"}}, {"audio_id": "ozXOGBEwpDo", "text": {"ozXOGBEwpDo-00000-00000000-00003833": "[Music]", "ozXOGBEwpDo-00001-00003834-00005457": "[Music]", "ozXOGBEwpDo-00002-00005458-00008581": "[Music]", "ozXOGBEwpDo-00003-00008582-00011549": "[Music]", "ozXOGBEwpDo-00004-00011550-00012727": "[Music]", "ozXOGBEwpDo-00005-00012728-00012936": "you"}}, {"audio_id": "o-0nqW-SfVU", "text": {"o-0nqW-SfVU-00000-00000055-00000382": "the max planck institute of molecular", "o-0nqW-SfVU-00001-00000383-00000717": "physiology german Max Planck Institute", "o-0nqW-SfVU-00002-00000718-00001137": "for molecular physiology is located in", "o-0nqW-SfVU-00003-00001138-00001437": "Dortmund Germany next to the Dortmund", "o-0nqW-SfVU-00004-00001438-00001870": "University of Technology it is one of 80", "o-0nqW-SfVU-00005-00001871-00002227": "institutes in the Max Planck Society Max", "o-0nqW-SfVU-00006-00002228-00002954": "Planck Cassell shaft", "o-0nqW-SfVU-00007-00002955-00003928": "topic departments", "o-0nqW-SfVU-00008-00003929-00004427": "topic mechanistic cell biology director", "o-0nqW-SfVU-00009-00004428-00005168": "professor dr. Andrea masaccio", "o-0nqW-SfVU-00010-00005169-00005447": "the Department of mechanistic cell", "o-0nqW-SfVU-00011-00005448-00005732": "biology aims to better understand the", "o-0nqW-SfVU-00012-00005733-00006022": "molecular mechanisms of cell division in", "o-0nqW-SfVU-00013-00006023-00006400": "their regulation the main focus is on", "o-0nqW-SfVU-00014-00006401-00006620": "the key proteins that control the", "o-0nqW-SfVU-00015-00006620-00006941": "division of chromosomes during mitosis a", "o-0nqW-SfVU-00016-00006942-00007256": "process that separates sister chromatids", "o-0nqW-SfVU-00017-00007256-00007483": "into two identical daughter cells", "o-0nqW-SfVU-00018-00007484-00008359": "thereby maintaining chromosome stability", "o-0nqW-SfVU-00019-00008360-00008846": "topic systemic cell biology director", "o-0nqW-SfVU-00020-00008847-00009592": "professor dr. Philippe Bastian", "o-0nqW-SfVU-00021-00009593-00009944": "the Department of systemic cell biology", "o-0nqW-SfVU-00022-00009945-00010187": "studies the regulation of signal", "o-0nqW-SfVU-00023-00010188-00010594": "transduction processes in cells these", "o-0nqW-SfVU-00024-00010595-00010916": "processes control significant cellular", "o-0nqW-SfVU-00025-00010917-00011188": "functions such as tissue growth", "o-0nqW-SfVU-00026-00011189-00011485": "proliferation or the differentiation of", "o-0nqW-SfVU-00027-00011486-00011777": "cells into specialized cell types and", "o-0nqW-SfVU-00028-00011778-00012581": "thus determine the fate of each cell", "o-0nqW-SfVU-00029-00012582-00013085": "topic structural biochemistry director", "o-0nqW-SfVU-00030-00013086-00013780": "professor dr. Stephan round sir", "o-0nqW-SfVU-00031-00013781-00014037": "the Department of structural", "o-0nqW-SfVU-00032-00014038-00014350": "biochemistry focuses on structural and", "o-0nqW-SfVU-00033-00014351-00014668": "functional analyses of biologically and", "o-0nqW-SfVU-00034-00014669-00014959": "medically relevant membrane proteins and", "o-0nqW-SfVU-00035-00014960-00015454": "macromolecules special attention is", "o-0nqW-SfVU-00036-00015455-00015700": "given to the investigation into the", "o-0nqW-SfVU-00037-00015701-00015922": "molecular mechanisms of muscle", "o-0nqW-SfVU-00038-00015922-00016141": "contraction in the infection with", "o-0nqW-SfVU-00039-00016141-00016594": "bacterial toxins furthermore membrane", "o-0nqW-SfVU-00040-00016595-00016864": "proteins that play an important role in", "o-0nqW-SfVU-00041-00016865-00017227": "the synthesis transport and homeostasis", "o-0nqW-SfVU-00042-00017228-00018067": "of cholesterol in the body are examined", "o-0nqW-SfVU-00043-00018068-00018491": "topic chemical biology director", "o-0nqW-SfVU-00044-00018492-00019011": "professor dr. Herbert Waldman", "o-0nqW-SfVU-00045-00019012-00019198": "you", "o-0nqW-SfVU-00046-00019199-00019484": "research in the Department of Chemical", "o-0nqW-SfVU-00047-00019485-00019790": "Biology concentrates on the interface", "o-0nqW-SfVU-00048-00019791-00020246": "between organic chemistry and biology by", "o-0nqW-SfVU-00049-00020247-00020507": "using biochemical and chemical", "o-0nqW-SfVU-00050-00020508-00020819": "techniques researchers identify and", "o-0nqW-SfVU-00051-00020820-00021113": "develop new tools for the investigation", "o-0nqW-SfVU-00052-00021114-00021413": "of biologically relevant processes and", "o-0nqW-SfVU-00053-00021414-00022029": "phenomena", "o-0nqW-SfVU-00054-00022030-00022518": "topic emeritus groups", "o-0nqW-SfVU-00055-00022519-00022719": "you", "o-0nqW-SfVU-00056-00022720-00023189": "structural biology head professor dr.", "o-0nqW-SfVU-00057-00023190-00023602": "Alfred witting Hoffer physical", "o-0nqW-SfVU-00058-00023603-00024109": "biochemistry head professor dr. Roger s", "o-0nqW-SfVU-00059-00024110-00024646": "goody", "o-0nqW-SfVU-00060-00024647-00025373": "topic scientific facilities", "o-0nqW-SfVU-00061-00025374-00025713": "compound management and screening center", "o-0nqW-SfVU-00062-00025714-00026470": "comas dortmund protein facility DPF", "o-0nqW-SfVU-00063-00026472-00027057": "biotechnology electron microscopy"}}, {"audio_id": "o-6xdzQdS_Y", "text": {"o-6xdzQdS_Y-00000-00000479-00000678": "especially", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00001-00000679-00001007": "this might be a little bit too much", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00002-00001008-00001223": "i can take slow bros low rose level five", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00003-00001224-00001491": "i can definitely take slower", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00004-00001492-00001710": "sing", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00005-00001711-00001959": "let's slap him yeah slow bro you cannot", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00006-00001960-00002079": "take me 1v1", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00007-00002080-00002287": "you cannot what is up everyone my name", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00008-00002288-00002471": "is exceptional and today we're playing", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00009-00002472-00002502": "with", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00010-00002503-00002695": "wigglytuff and pokemon unite and", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00011-00002696-00002879": "wigglytuff is more of a support", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00012-00002880-00003134": "character a support pokemon i would say", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00013-00003135-00003343": "and she has just a lot of utility", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00014-00003344-00003575": "and she can impact the game very very", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00015-00003576-00003767": "well and she's very hard to kill as well", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00016-00003768-00003975": "i had a very solid game with wigglytuff", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00017-00003976-00004119": "and you will see how strong she", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00018-00004120-00004327": "actually is so don't forget to leave a", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00019-00004328-00004470": "like and subscribe to the channel and", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00020-00004471-00004606": "let's get straight into it", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00021-00004607-00004983": "let's go we are starting with the", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00022-00004984-00005327": "slap easier wave clear and we need", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00023-00005328-00005486": "some quick wave here i still believe", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00024-00005487-00005695": "that if you are in lane the fast you can", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00025-00005696-00005815": "clear", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00026-00005816-00006095": "the better you will do you could maybe", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00027-00006096-00006143": "steal", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00028-00006144-00006391": "one of them as well one of the little", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00029-00006392-00006598": "pokemon", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00030-00006600-00007078": "so i'm just gonna focus on", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00031-00007079-00007423": "gonna focus on clearing asap you get two", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00032-00007423-00007663": "good damage dealers especially absol", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00033-00007664-00007903": "so what i'm gonna do is i'm gonna try", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00034-00007904-00008006": "and just support", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00035-00008008-00008510": "in team fights", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00036-00008511-00008719": "because these slaps actually give me", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00037-00008720-00008855": "shield i believe", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00038-00008856-00009335": "so and", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00039-00009336-00009534": "the rule as well", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00040-00009535-00009791": "[Music]", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00041-00009792-00010163": "oh no it didn't the rule does right yeah", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00042-00010164-00010383": "[Music]", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00043-00010384-00010751": "okay um we are going for the", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00044-00010752-00011283": "we're going for sing this time let's try", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00045-00011284-00011631": "sing", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00046-00011632-00012127": "yeah i got you i got you", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00047-00012128-00012342": "but i think it is good you pushed him", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00048-00012343-00012710": "off the zone now we can dunk", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00049-00012711-00012924": "we're already pretty strong", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00050-00012925-00013079": "[Music]", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00051-00013080-00013511": "singing gifts yes", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00052-00013512-00013822": "we can stun them with the sing we can", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00053-00013823-00014422": "control them with our thing", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00054-00014423-00014679": "and it will turn sleepy i'm so sorry i", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00055-00014680-00014807": "can't help you any", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00056-00014808-00015207": "here try to get in the bush", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00057-00015208-00015543": "hmm that was a pretty dominating", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00058-00015544-00016279": "gang from them", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00059-00016280-00016807": "nah that's what i thought", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00060-00016808-00017158": "clap slap slap", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00061-00017159-00017494": "we stun after a few hits", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00062-00017495-00017655": "and that's good let's go for the", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00063-00017656-00017919": "multiple slaps let's sing", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00064-00017920-00018463": "one you got this charmander stay with me", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00065-00018464-00018839": "i don't know why charmander", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00066-00018840-00019143": "ah gotta get out i don't know what", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00067-00019144-00019286": "happened charmander i think charmander", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00068-00019287-00019407": "just went afk", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00069-00019408-00019614": "so i'm just gonna farm a little bit i'm", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00070-00019615-00019799": "strong right now i'm pretty high level", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00071-00019800-00020055": "higher than most of them i can take a", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00072-00020056-00020150": "lot of damage", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00073-00020151-00020414": "wiggly is strong he has a good double", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00074-00020415-00020503": "shield", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00075-00020504-00020791": "as you can see some good regen slowbro", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00076-00020792-00021014": "might be a little bit of a problem", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00077-00021015-00021327": "we can we can we can tap him a little", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00078-00021328-00021407": "bit", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00079-00021408-00021727": "make sure the area they uh don't do too", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00080-00021728-00021935": "much i do not know what i do in this", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00081-00021936-00022135": "situation because i'm the only one at", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00082-00022136-00022878": "the bottom lane", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00083-00022879-00023127": "so let's see absolutely is coming for a", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00084-00023128-00023342": "flank i believe", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00085-00023343-00023735": "you can slap", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00086-00023736-00024094": "you you overstayed so hard though wiggly", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00087-00024095-00024158": "is a", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00088-00024159-00024511": "mean pokemon you do not want a 1v1 fight", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00089-00024512-00024671": "he's very strong", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00090-00024672-00025294": "[Music]", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00091-00025295-00025599": "especially this might be a little bit", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00092-00025600-00025711": "too much", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00093-00025712-00025950": "no i'm good that was actually a very", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00094-00025951-00026087": "good attack", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00095-00026088-00026327": "that made sure they didn't get the big", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00096-00026327-00026407": "pokemon", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00097-00026408-00026623": "i can take slow roads lowers level five", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00098-00026624-00026767": "i can definitely take slower", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00099-00026768-00026989": "sing", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00100-00026989-00027102": "[Music]", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00101-00027104-00027374": "can i slap him yeah slow bro you cannot", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00102-00027375-00027495": "take me one two one", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00103-00027495-00027767": "you cannot okay let's take the rest of", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00104-00027768-00027831": "the", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00105-00027832-00028431": "oh come on let's see what happens here", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00106-00028432-00029623": "this might be a little too much", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00107-00029624-00029855": "no i'm not risking it sorry i tried to", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00108-00029856-00029990": "support him give him the shield with the", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00109-00029991-00030231": "old", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00110-00030232-00030711": "i like my smackies", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00111-00030712-00032262": "i don't know what's going on", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00112-00032263-00032774": "i do not know what this is", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00113-00032775-00033049": "all right i just pressed a button", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00114-00033050-00033287": "[Music]", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00115-00033288-00033639": "good chisel um", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00116-00033640-00033846": "i want to find out if i give absolute", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00117-00033847-00033959": "shield if i do this", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00118-00033960-00034255": "no i don't it's just enough packing", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00119-00034256-00034343": "ability", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00120-00034344-00034590": "smack the healer smack the heat good job", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00121-00034591-00034687": "boys", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00122-00034688-00035351": "a lot of points", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00123-00035352-00036135": "can you", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00124-00036136-00036495": "um", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00125-00036496-00036815": "it's very cocky a little charmander", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00126-00036816-00037039": "i'm just gonna dunk get some extra xp", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00127-00037040-00037279": "level nine we're doing fine", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00128-00037280-00038039": "we've got some good regen as well", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00129-00038040-00038207": "stay in front of him kite him back to", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00130-00038208-00038502": "his safe place he's gonna die", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00131-00038503-00038759": "there's no way he can take this he can't", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00132-00038760-00038990": "take this fight", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00133-00038991-00039174": "he cannot we can upgrade for our double", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00134-00039175-00039335": "slaps", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00135-00039336-00039543": "you're gonna try and fight in the top", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00136-00039544-00039642": "lane", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00137-00039643-00040151": "[Music]", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00138-00040152-00040359": "when you upgrade the double slab for the", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00139-00040360-00040535": "with the triple slabs for the second", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00140-00040536-00040615": "time", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00141-00040616-00041071": "it will do a lot more slaps", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00142-00041072-00041455": "okay", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00143-00041456-00041711": "flap flap flap now wigglytuff is very", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00144-00041712-00041839": "tanky right now", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00145-00041840-00042127": "he is strong good sustain got a double", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00146-00042128-00042271": "shield good damage with the triple", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00147-00042272-00042815": "dibble slaps", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00148-00042816-00042999": "our ult is normally just for the big", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00149-00043000-00043174": "team fights i can give", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00150-00043175-00043462": "all my allies shield and increase in", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00151-00043463-00043711": "special attack especially defense i", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00152-00043712-00044062": "think if i read it in japanese correctly", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00153-00044063-00044846": "but he's he is a teamfight monster", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00154-00044847-00045223": "we can take it we can take it together", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00155-00045224-00045615": "told you can we dunk this two more", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00156-00045616-00046111": "can we get", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00157-00046112-00046495": "um what i'm gonna do i'm gonna go", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00158-00046496-00046783": "back to our base and try to help on the", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00159-00046784-00046895": "bottom side", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00160-00046896-00047079": "just to make sure we do not lose that", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00161-00047080-00047415": "completely we have it under control", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00162-00047416-00047679": "i think so far let's see what happens", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00163-00047680-00047718": "here", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00164-00047719-00048007": "absol is actually doing very well by", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00165-00048008-00048158": "himself", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00166-00048159-00048383": "[Music]", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00167-00048384-00049479": "let's see if we can", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00168-00049480-00049951": "you can heal here i think we could", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00169-00049952-00050483": "give my all my teammates some double", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00170-00050484-00050611": "shield", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00171-00050612-00050871": "[Music]", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00172-00050872-00051118": "i need to get out of here i'm too low i", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00173-00051119-00051183": "think", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00174-00051184-00051430": "good job guys very well done let's dunk", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00175-00051432-00051630": "another eight points", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00176-00051632-00052063": "and let's also go back to top quickly", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00177-00052064-00052511": "if wiggly's out of wiggly also recharges", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00178-00052512-00052679": "or regains a lot of health when she's", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00179-00052679-00052942": "out of combat look", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00180-00052944-00053282": "actually very very very good", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00181-00053283-00053766": "um we can go for zapdos i don't", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00182-00053767-00054087": "know where they are i don't like to to", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00183-00054088-00054247": "engage zapdos and just", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00184-00054248-00054526": "you know give the team like a low zapdos", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00185-00054527-00054630": "and we're all low", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00186-00054632-00054823": "but i think we can do it right now let's", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00187-00054824-00055119": "just", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00188-00055120-00055311": "let's take it they're just too busy too", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00189-00055312-00055438": "busy still", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00190-00055439-00055719": "oh they already gave up a very", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00191-00055720-00055871": "dominating game and i would say this", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00192-00055872-00056135": "weekly tough did a lot of good things", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00193-00056136-00056350": "she's very strong her damage is very", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00194-00056351-00056550": "decent she has some good utilities as", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00195-00056551-00056679": "well with her sing", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00196-00056679-00056871": "so she sleeps people her ultimate gives", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00197-00056872-00057087": "your teammate shields and extra attack", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00198-00057088-00057199": "increases", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00199-00057200-00057382": "so you can just have a very solid game", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00200-00057383-00057542": "with wigley and i think she will get", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00201-00057544-00057599": "played a", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00202-00057600-00057807": "lot in high ranked games so i hope you", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00203-00057808-00057975": "guys enjoyed don't forget to leave a", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00204-00057976-00058119": "like and subscribe to the channel and i", "o-6xdzQdS_Y-00205-00058120-00058520": "will see you in the next video"}}, {"audio_id": "o-Nab-u2RXk", "text": {"o-Nab-u2RXk-00000-00000054-00000290": "the Arctic Ocean is the smallest and", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00001-00000291-00000465": "shallowest of the world's five major", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00002-00000466-00000732": "oceans the International hydrographic", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00003-00000733-00001050": "organization iho recognizes it as an", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00004-00001051-00001251": "ocean although some oceanographers call", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00005-00001252-00001436": "it the Arctic Mediterranean Sea are", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00006-00001437-00001655": "simply the Arctic sea classifying at a", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00007-00001657-00001866": "Mediterranean Sea or an estuary of the", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00008-00001867-00002151": "Atlantic Ocean it is also seen as the", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00009-00002152-00002274": "northernmost part of the all", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00010-00002275-00002586": "encompassing world ocean located mostly", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00011-00002587-00002805": "in the Arctic north polar region in the", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00012-00002806-00002976": "middle of the northern hemisphere the", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00013-00002977-00003152": "Arctic Ocean is almost completely", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00014-00003153-00003381": "surrounded by Eurasia and North America", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00015-00003382-00003618": "it is partly covered by sea ice", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00016-00003619-00003740": "throughout the year and almost", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00017-00003742-00004017": "completely in winter the Arctic Ocean", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00018-00004018-00004251": "surface temperature and salinity vary", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00019-00004252-00004458": "seasonally as the ice cover melts and", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00020-00004459-00004671": "freezes its salinity is the lowest on", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00021-00004672-00004893": "average of the five major oceans due to", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00022-00004894-00005138": "low evaporation heavy freshwater inflow", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00023-00005139-00005331": "from rivers and streams and limited", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00024-00005332-00005508": "connection and outflow to surrounding", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00025-00005509-00005703": "oceanic waters with higher salinities", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00026-00005704-00005958": "the summer shrinking of the ice has been", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00027-00005959-00006261": "quoted at 50 percent the u.s. national", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00028-00006262-00006602": "snow and ice data center NS IDC uses", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00029-00006603-00006806": "satellite data to provide a daily record", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00030-00006807-00007016": "of Arctic sea ice cover and the rate of", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00031-00007017-00007220": "melting compared to an average period in", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00032-00007221-00007650": "specific past years", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00033-00007651-00008148": "topic history", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00034-00008148-00008489": "topic human habitation in the North", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00035-00008490-00008702": "American polar region goes back at least", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00036-00008703-00009009": "50,000 to 17,000 years ago during the", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00037-00009010-00009276": "Wisconsin glaciation at this time", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00038-00009277-00009489": "falling sea levels allowed people to", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00039-00009490-00009684": "move across the Bering Land Bridge that", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00040-00009685-00009873": "joined Siberia to Northwest North", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00041-00009874-00010107": "America Alaska leading to the settlement", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00042-00010108-00010421": "of the Americas paleo Eskimo groups", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00043-00010422-00010874": "included the pre Dorset c3 200 8 500 BC", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00044-00010875-00011135": "the saqqaq culture of Greenland - 500", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00045-00011136-00011412": "800 BC the independence I and", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00046-00011413-00011571": "independence two cultures of", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00047-00011572-00011810": "northeastern Canada and Greenland see -", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00048-00011811-00011910": "400", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00049-00011911-00012371": "1 800 BC and see 800 to 1 BC the Graz", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00050-00012372-00012573": "water of Labrador and Nunavut and the", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00051-00012574-00012938": "Dorset culture 500 BC to 1500 AD which", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00052-00012939-00013212": "spread across Arctic North America the", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00053-00013213-00013458": "Dorset were the last major paleo Eskimo", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00054-00013459-00013611": "culture in the Arctic before the", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00055-00013612-00013836": "migration East from present-day Alaska", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00056-00013837-00014030": "of the Thule the ancestors of the modern", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00057-00014031-00014255": "inuit the thule tradition lasted from", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00058-00014256-00014583": "about 200 BC to 1600 ad around the", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00059-00014584-00014790": "Bering Strait the Thule people being the", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00060-00014791-00015003": "prehistoric ancestors of the Inuit who", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00061-00015004-00015188": "now live in northern Labrador for much", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00062-00015190-00015381": "of European history the north polar", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00063-00015382-00015600": "regions remained largely unexplored in", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00064-00015601-00015869": "their geography conjectural pie theists", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00065-00015870-00016053": "of miss Aleeah recorded an account of a", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00066-00016054-00016365": "journey northward in 325 BC - a land he", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00067-00016366-00016668": "called a skit - Lee where the Sun only", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00068-00016669-00016853": "set for three hours each day and the", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00069-00016854-00017025": "water was replaced by a congealed", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00070-00017026-00017268": "substance on which one can neither walk", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00071-00017269-00017378": "nor sail", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00072-00017379-00017661": "he was probably describing loose sea ice", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00073-00017662-00018039": "known today as growlers or Bergy bits", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00074-00018040-00018441": "his tule was probably Norway though the", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00075-00018442-00018618": "Faroe Islands are Shetland have also", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00076-00018619-00018942": "been suggested early cartographers were", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00077-00018943-00019109": "unsure whether to draw the region around", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00078-00019110-00019328": "the North Pole as land as in johannes", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00079-00019329-00019715": "rush s map of 1507 or gerardus mercator", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00080-00019716-00020133": "s map of 1595 or water as with martin", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00081-00020134-00020456": "waldseemüller world map of 1507 the", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00082-00020457-00020672": "fervent desire of European merchants for", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00083-00020673-00020856": "a northern passage the northern sea", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00084-00020857-00021143": "route or the Northwest Passage to Cathay", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00085-00021144-00021428": "China caused water to win out and by", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00086-00021429-00021543": "1723", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00087-00021544-00021756": "mapmakers such as Johann Holman featured", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00088-00021757-00022026": "an extensive Oceanos set tension Alice", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00089-00022027-00022371": "at the northern edge of their charts the", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00090-00022372-00022596": "few expeditions to penetrate much beyond", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00091-00022597-00022803": "the Arctic Circle in this era added only", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00092-00022804-00023103": "small islands such as Novaya Zemlya 11th", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00093-00023104-00023385": "century and Spitsbergen 1596 though", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00094-00023386-00023544": "since these were often surrounded by", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00095-00023545-00023736": "pack ice their northern limits were not", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00096-00023737-00024009": "so clear the makers of navigational", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00097-00024010-00024207": "charts more conservative than some of", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00098-00024208-00024417": "the more fanciful cartographers tended", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00099-00024418-00024567": "to leave the region blank with only", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00100-00024568-00024797": "fragments of known coastline sketched in", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00101-00024798-00025059": "this lack of knowledge of what lay north", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00102-00025060-00025257": "of the shifting barrier of ice gave rise", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00103-00025258-00025542": "to a number of conjectures in England", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00104-00025543-00025752": "and other European nations the myth of n", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00105-00025752-00026094": "open Polar Sea was persistent john", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00106-00026095-00026345": "barrow longtime second secretary of the", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00107-00026347-00026564": "british admiralty promoted exploration", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00108-00026566-00026864": "of the region from 1818 to 1845 in", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00109-00026866-00027164": "search of this in the united states in", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00110-00027166-00027501": "the 1850s and 1860s the Explorers Elijah", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00111-00027502-00027729": "Kane and Isaac Israel Hayes both claimed", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00112-00027730-00027902": "to have seen part of this elusive body", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00113-00027904-00028167": "of water even quite late in the century", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00114-00028168-00028370": "the eminent authority Matthew Fontaine", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00115-00028372-00028617": "Maury included a description of the open", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00116-00028618-00028830": "Polar Sea in his text book the physical", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00117-00028831-00029163": "geography of the sea 1883 nevertheless", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00118-00029164-00029427": "as all the explorers who traveled closer", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00119-00029427-00029631": "and closer to the pole reported the", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00120-00029632-00029802": "polar ice cap is quite thick and", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00121-00029802-00030147": "persists year-round frig off Nansen was", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00122-00030148-00030339": "the first to make a nautical crossing of", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00123-00030339-00030672": "the Arctic Ocean in 1896 the first", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00124-00030673-00030879": "surface crossing of the ocean was led by", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00125-00030880-00031157": "Wally Herbert in 1969 in a dogsled", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00126-00031158-00031419": "expedition from Alaska to Svalbard with", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00127-00031420-00031710": "air support the first monacle transit of", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00128-00031711-00031958": "the North Pole was made in 1958 by the", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00129-00031960-00032199": "submarine USS Nautilus and the first", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00130-00032200-00032408": "surface nautical transit occurred in", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00131-00032408-00032814": "1977 by the icebreaker NS arctica since", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00132-00032815-00033135": "1937 Soviet and Russian men drifting ice", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00133-00033136-00033336": "stations have extensively monitored the", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00134-00033337-00033627": "Arctic Ocean scientific settlements were", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00135-00033628-00033837": "established on the drift ice and carried", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00136-00033838-00034059": "thousands of kilometers by ice floes in", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00137-00034060-00034305": "World War two the European region of the", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00138-00034306-00034512": "Arctic Ocean was heavily contested the", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00139-00034513-00034715": "Allied commitment to resupply the Soviet", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00140-00034716-00034871": "Union via its northern port", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00141-00034872-00035061": "was opposed by German naval and air", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00142-00035062-00035460": "forces since 1954 commercial airlines", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00143-00035461-00035654": "have flown over the Arctic Ocean see", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00144-00035655-00036071": "polar route", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00145-00036072-00036552": "topic geography", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00146-00036553-00036888": "topic the Arctic Ocean occupies a", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00147-00036889-00037107": "roughly circular Basin and covers an", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00148-00037108-00037404": "area of about 14 million 56,000 square", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00149-00037405-00037596": "kilometers five million four hundred", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00150-00037597-00037797": "twenty seven thousand square miles", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00151-00037798-00038076": "almost the size of Antarctica the", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00152-00038077-00038292": "coastline is forty-five thousand three", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00153-00038293-00038490": "hundred ninety kilometers twenty-eight", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00154-00038491-00038769": "thousand two hundred miles long it is", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00155-00038770-00038979": "surrounded by the land masses of Eurasia", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00156-00038980-00039219": "north america greenland and by several", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00157-00039220-00039546": "islands it is generally taken to include", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00158-00039547-00039858": "Baffin Bay barren sea before sea Chukchi", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00159-00039859-00040110": "Sea East Siberian sea Greenland sea", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00160-00040111-00040353": "Hudson Bay Hudson Strait cara's sea", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00161-00040354-00040611": "Laptev sea white sea and other tributary", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00162-00040612-00040881": "bodies of water it is connected to the", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00163-00040882-00041094": "Pacific Ocean by the Bering Strait into", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00164-00041095-00041259": "the Atlantic Ocean through the Greenland", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00165-00041260-00041502": "sea and Labrador sea countries bordering", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00166-00041503-00041694": "the Arctic Ocean are Russia Norway", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00167-00041695-00041952": "Iceland Greenland Canada and the United", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00168-00041953-00042302": "States", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00169-00042303-00042879": "topic extent in major ports", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00170-00042880-00043193": "topic there are several ports and", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00171-00043194-00043600": "harbors around the Arctic Ocean", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00172-00043601-00044140": "topic United States", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00173-00044141-00044503": "topic in Alaska the main ports are", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00174-00044504-00044863": "Barrow 71 degrees 17 minutes 44 seconds", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00175-00044864-00045280": "North 156 degrees 45 minutes 59 seconds", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00176-00045281-00045412": "west and Prudhoe Bay", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00177-00045413-00045723": "70 degrees 19 minutes 32 seconds north", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00178-00045724-00046427": "148 degrees 42 minutes 41 seconds west", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00179-00046428-00046813": "epic Canada", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00180-00046814-00047170": "topic in Canada ships may anchor at", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00181-00047171-00047404": "Churchill port of Churchill 58 degrees", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00182-00047405-00047737": "46 minutes 28 seconds north Oh nine four", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00183-00047738-00048109": "degree 11 feet 37 inches W in Manitoba", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00184-00048110-00048427": "Nana Civic Nana Civic Naval facility 73", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00185-00048428-00048880": "degrees Oh 408 no.8 4 degree 32 feet 57", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00186-00048881-00049189": "inches W in Nunavut Tuktoyaktuk 69", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00187-00049190-00049600": "degrees 26 minutes 34 seconds North 133", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00188-00049601-00050041": "degrees Oh 152 W or Inuvik 68 degrees 21", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00189-00050042-00050428": "minutes 42 seconds north 133 degrees 43", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00190-00050429-00050674": "minutes 50 seconds west in the Northwest", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00191-00050675-00051060": "Territories", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00192-00051061-00051462": "topic Greenland", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00193-00051463-00051830": "topic in Greenland the main port is at", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00194-00051831-00052115": "nuyk nuyk port and harbor 64 degrees 10", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00195-00052116-00052349": "minutes 15 seconds north oh five one", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00196-00052350-00052877": "degree 43 feet 15 inches w", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00197-00052878-00053334": "topic Norway", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00198-00053335-00053804": "topic in more way Kirkus 69 degrees 43", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00199-00053805-00054063": "minutes 37 seconds north oh three Oh", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00200-00054064-00054479": "degree Oh 244 e and vardø 70 degrees 22", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00201-00054480-00054753": "minutes 14 seconds north oh three one", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00202-00054754-00055038": "degree oh six 27 e our ports on the", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00203-00055039-00055098": "mainland", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00204-00055099-00055461": "also there is longer buin 78 degrees 13", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00205-00055462-00055797": "minutes 12 seconds north 15 degrees 3900", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00206-00055798-00056105": "e on Svalbard a Norwegian archipelago", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00207-00056107-00056563": "next to Fram Strait", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00208-00056564-00057002": "topic Russia", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00209-00057003-00057395": "topic in Russia major port sorted by the", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00210-00057396-00057737": "different sea areas are more Monts 68", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00211-00057738-00058082": "degrees 58 and o33 degree Oh 5e in the", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00212-00058083-00058504": "barren sea Archangels 64 degrees 32 and", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00213-00058505-00058828": "Oh 400 degree 32 E in the white seat", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00214-00058829-00059246": "labate nangi 66 degrees 39 minutes 26", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00215-00059247-00059648": "seconds north Oh 66 degree 2506 e Sal", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00216-00059649-00060004": "occurred 66 degrees 32 and o66 degree", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00217-00060005-00060098": "36e", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00218-00060099-00060479": "dude inca 69 degrees 24 and Oh 86 degree", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00219-00060479-00060626": "11 e I gotcha", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00220-00060627-00061037": "67 degrees 28 and 86 degrees 35 e and", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00221-00061038-00061405": "Dixon 73 degrees 30 and o8 o degree 31", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00222-00061407-00061876": "II in the carseat tixi 71 degrees 38 and", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00223-00061877-00062360": "128 degrees 52 E in the lapped FC Bewick", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00224-00062361-00062819": "69 degrees 42 and 170 degrees 17 e in", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00225-00062820-00063226": "the East Siberian sea", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00226-00063227-00063790": "topic Arctic shelves", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00227-00063791-00064171": "topic the oceans Arctic shelf comprises", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00228-00064172-00064315": "a number of continental shelves", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00229-00064316-00064501": "including the Canadian Arctic shelf", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00230-00064502-00064669": "underlying the Canadian Arctic", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00231-00064670-00064888": "Archipelago and the Russian continental", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00232-00064889-00065079": "shelf which is sometimes simply called", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00233-00065080-00065362": "that Arctic shelf because it is greater", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00234-00065363-00065617": "in extent the Russian continental shelf", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00235-00065618-00065806": "consists of three separate smaller", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00236-00065807-00066016": "shelves the Barron's shelf chukchi sea", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00237-00066017-00066334": "shelf and siberian shelf of these three", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00238-00066335-00066562": "the siberian shelf is the largest such", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00239-00066563-00066841": "shelf in the world the siberian shelf", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00240-00066842-00067093": "holds large oil and gas reserves and the", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00241-00067094-00067252": "Chukchi shelf forms the border between", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00242-00067253-00067474": "Russian and the United States has stated", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00243-00067475-00067726": "in the USSR USA maritime boundary", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00244-00067727-00068011": "agreement the whole area is subject to", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00245-00068012-00068557": "international territorial claims", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00246-00068558-00069027": "pick underwater features", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00247-00069028-00069405": "topic an underwater Ridge the Lomonosov", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00248-00069406-00069630": "Ridge divides the deep sea north polar", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00249-00069631-00069876": "Basin into two oceanic basins the", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00250-00069877-00070143": "Eurasian Basin which is between 4,000", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00251-00070144-00070602": "and 4,500 meters 13,000 114 thousand", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00252-00070603-00070734": "eight hundred feet deep and the", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00253-00070735-00070941": "Amerasian Basin sometimes called the", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00254-00070942-00071169": "North American or hyperborean Basin", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00255-00071170-00071340": "which is about four thousand meters", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00256-00071341-00071661": "13,000 feet deep the bathymetry of the", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00257-00071662-00071853": "ocean bottom is marked by fault block", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00258-00071854-00072096": "ridges abyssal Plains ocean deep sand", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00259-00072097-00072384": "basins the average depth of the Arctic", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00260-00072385-00072870": "Ocean as 1038 meters 3406 feet the", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00261-00072871-00073047": "deepest point is licky deep in the", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00262-00073048-00073254": "Eurasian Basin at five thousand four", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00263-00073255-00073482": "hundred fifty meters seventeen thousand", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00264-00073483-00073752": "eight hundred eighty feet the two major", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00265-00073753-00073995": "basins are further subdivided by ridges", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00266-00073996-00074193": "into the Canada basin between Alaska", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00267-00074194-00074475": "Canada and the Alpha Ridge makarov Basin", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00268-00074476-00074682": "between the Alpha and Lomonosov ridges", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00269-00074683-00074925": "Amundsen Basin between Lomonosov and", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00270-00074926-00075153": "Gockel ridges and manson basin between", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00271-00075154-00075318": "the Gockel ridge and the continental", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00272-00075319-00075839": "shelf that includes the Franz Josef land", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00273-00075840-00076377": "topic oceanography", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00274-00076378-00076745": "topic", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00275-00076746-00077239": "topic water flow", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00276-00077240-00077614": "topic in large parts of the Arctic Ocean", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00277-00077615-00077935": "the top layer about 50 meters 160 feet", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00278-00077936-00078106": "is of lower salinity and lower", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00279-00078107-00078351": "temperature than the rest it remains", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00280-00078352-00078550": "relatively stable because the salinity", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00281-00078551-00078745": "effect on density is bigger than the", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00282-00078746-00078985": "temperature effect it is fed by the", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00283-00078986-00079231": "freshwater input of the big Siberian and", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00284-00079232-00079476": "Canadian streams Oh Yenisei Lena", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00285-00079477-00079711": "Mackenzie the water of which quasi", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00286-00079712-00079912": "floats on the saltier denser deeper", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00287-00079913-00080179": "ocean water between this lower salinity", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00288-00080180-00080392": "layer and the bulk of the ocean lies the", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00289-00080393-00080566": "so called halocline in which both", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00290-00080567-00080770": "salinity and temperature are rising with", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00291-00080771-00081067": "increasing depth because of its relative", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00292-00081068-00081289": "isolation from other oceans the Arctic", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00293-00081290-00081514": "Ocean has a uniquely complex system of", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00294-00081515-00081775": "water flow it is classified as a", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00295-00081776-00081997": "Mediterranean Sea which is a part of the", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00296-00081998-00082159": "world ocean which has only limited", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00297-00082160-00082360": "communication with the major ocean", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00298-00082361-00082600": "basins these being the Pacific Atlantic", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00299-00082601-00082756": "and Indian Oceans and where the", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00300-00082757-00082945": "circulation is dominated by thermohaline", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00301-00082946-00083260": "forcing the Arctic Ocean has a total", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00302-00083261-00083644": "volume of 18.0 7 times 106 cubic", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00303-00083645-00083935": "kilometers equal to about 1.3 percent of", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00304-00083936-00084172": "the world ocean mean surface circulation", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00305-00084173-00084403": "is predominantly cyclonic on the", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00306-00084404-00084619": "Eurasian side and anti cyclonic in the", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00307-00084620-00084826": "Canadian basin water enters from both", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00308-00084827-00085039": "the Pacific and Atlantic oceans and can", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00309-00085040-00085210": "be divided into three unique water", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00310-00085211-00085507": "masses the deepest water mass is called", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00311-00085508-00085690": "Arctic bottom water and begins around", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00312-00085691-00086032": "900 metres 3,000 feet depth it is", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00313-00086033-00086212": "composed of the densest water in the", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00314-00086213-00086389": "world ocean and has two main sources", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00315-00086390-00086626": "Arctic shelf water and Greenland sea", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00316-00086627-00086905": "deep water water in the shelf region", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00317-00086906-00087097": "that begins as inflow from the Pacific", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00318-00087098-00087280": "passes through the narrow Bering Strait", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00319-00087281-00087547": "at an average rate of 0.8 Spur drips and", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00320-00087548-00087787": "reaches the Chukchi Sea during the", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00321-00087788-00088009": "winter cold Alaskan winds blow over the", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00322-00088010-00088210": "chukchi sea freezing the surface water", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00323-00088211-00088417": "and pushing this newly formed ice out to", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00324-00088418-00088672": "the Pacific the speed of the ice drift", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00325-00088673-00088924": "is roughly 1 to 4 centimeters per second", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00326-00088925-00089230": "this process leaves dense salty waters", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00327-00089231-00089356": "in the sea that sink over the", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00328-00089357-00089526": "continental shelf into the Western", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00329-00089527-00089842": "Arctic Ocean and create a halocline this", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00330-00089843-00090067": "water is met by Greenland sea deep water", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00331-00090068-00090274": "which forms during the passage of winter", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00332-00090275-00090574": "storms as temperatures cool dramatically", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00333-00090575-00090634": "in the winter", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00334-00090635-00090874": "ice forms an intense vertical convection", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00335-00090875-00091054": "allows the water to become dense enough", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00336-00091055-00091225": "to sink below the warm saline water", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00337-00091226-00091540": "below Arctic bottom water is critically", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00338-00091541-00091729": "important because of its outflow which", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00339-00091730-00091939": "contributes to the formation of Atlantic", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00340-00091940-00092203": "deep water the overturning of this water", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00341-00092204-00092395": "plays a key role in global circulation", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00342-00092396-00092710": "and the moderation of climate in the", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00343-00092711-00093127": "depth range of 150 to 900 meters 492 two", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00344-00093128-00093319": "thousand nine hundred fifty feet is a", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00345-00093320-00093564": "water mass referred to as Atlantic water", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00346-00093565-00093787": "inflow from the North Atlantic Current", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00347-00093788-00093988": "enters through the Fram Strait cooling", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00348-00093989-00094156": "and sinking to form the deepest layer of", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00349-00094157-00094330": "the halocline where it circles the", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00350-00094331-00094627": "Arctic Basin counterclockwise this is", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00351-00094628-00094816": "the highest volumetric inflow to the", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00352-00094817-00095023": "Arctic Ocean equaling about 10 times", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00353-00095024-00095215": "that of the Pacific inflow and it", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00354-00095216-00095383": "creates the Arctic Ocean boundary", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00355-00095384-00095752": "current it flows slowly at about 0.02", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00356-00095753-00096070": "meters per second Atlantic water has the", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00357-00096071-00096310": "same salinity as Arctic bottom water but", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00358-00096311-00096544": "as much warmer up to 3 degrees Celsius", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00359-00096545-00096847": "in fact this water mass is actually", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00360-00096848-00097006": "warmer than the surface water and", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00361-00097007-00097198": "remains submerged only due to the role", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00362-00097199-00097459": "of salinity and density when water", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00363-00097460-00097669": "reaches the basin it is pushed by strong", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00364-00097670-00097855": "winds into a large circular current", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00365-00097856-00098128": "called the before gyre water in the", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00366-00098129-00098353": "Beaufort gyre as far less saline than", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00367-00098354-00098536": "that of the Chukchi Sea due to inflow", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00368-00098537-00098767": "from large Canadian and Siberian rivers", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00369-00098768-00098977": "the final defined water mass in the", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00370-00098978-00099175": "Arctic Ocean is called Arctic surface", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00371-00099176-00099454": "water and is found from 150 to 200", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00372-00099455-00099847": "metres 490 to 660 feet the most", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00373-00099848-00100054": "important feature of this water mass as", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00374-00100055-00100240": "a section referred to as the subsurface", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00375-00100241-00100528": "layer it is a product of Atlantic water", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00376-00100529-00100693": "that enters through canyons and is", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00377-00100694-00100867": "subjected to intense mixing on the", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00378-00100868-00101158": "siberian shelf as it is entrained it", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00379-00101159-00101341": "cools and acts a heat shield for the", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00380-00101342-00101632": "surface layer this insulation keeps the", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00381-00101633-00101812": "warm Atlantic water from melting the", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00382-00101813-00102076": "surface ice additionally this water", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00383-00102077-00102241": "forms the swiftest currents of the", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00384-00102242-00102589": "Arctic with speed of around 0.3 to 0.6", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00385-00102590-00102834": "meters per second complementing the", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00386-00102835-00103039": "water from the canyons some Pacific", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00387-00103040-00103198": "water that does not sink to the shelf", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00388-00103199-00103375": "region after passing through the Bering", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00389-00103376-00103567": "Strait also contributes to this water", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00390-00103568-00103676": "mass", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00391-00103677-00103922": "waters originating in the Pacific and", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00392-00103923-00104092": "Atlantic both exit through the Fram", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00393-00104093-00104300": "Strait between Greenland and Svalbard", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00394-00104301-00104608": "Island which is about 2700 meters eight", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00395-00104609-00104884": "thousand nine hundred feet deep in 350", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00396-00104885-00105254": "kilometers 220 miles wide this outflow", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00397-00105255-00105391": "is about nine sieverts", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00398-00105392-00105593": "the width of the Fram Strait is what", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00399-00105594-00105794": "allows for both inflow and outflow on", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00400-00105795-00105966": "the Atlantic side of the Arctic Ocean", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00401-00105967-00106241": "because of this it is influenced by the", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00402-00106242-00106441": "Coriolis force which concentrates", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00403-00106442-00106636": "outflow to the east greenland current on", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00404-00106638-00106799": "the western side and inflow to the", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00405-00106800-00107008": "norwegian current on the eastern side", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00406-00107008-00107294": "pacific water also exits along the west", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00407-00107295-00107498": "coast of Greenland and the Hudson Strait", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00408-00107499-00107618": "when due to sieverts", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00409-00107619-00107798": "providing nutrients to the Canadian", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00410-00107799-00108038": "archipelago as noted the process of ice", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00411-00108039-00108221": "formation and movement as a key driver", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00412-00108222-00108428": "in arctic ocean circulation and the", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00413-00108429-00108683": "formation of water masses with this", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00414-00108683-00108929": "dependence the Arctic Ocean experiences", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00415-00108930-00109145": "variations due to seasonal changes in", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00416-00109146-00109435": "sea ice cover sea ice movement as the", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00417-00109436-00109646": "result of wind forcing which is related", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00418-00109647-00109856": "to a number of meteorological conditions", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00419-00109857-00110035": "that the Arctic experiences throughout", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00420-00110036-00110350": "the year for example the before high an", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00421-00110351-00110608": "extension of the Siberian high system is", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00422-00110609-00110846": "a pressure system that drives the anti", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00423-00110847-00111052": "cyclonic motion of the before gyre", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00424-00111053-00111299": "during the summer this area of high", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00425-00111300-00111479": "pressure is pushed out closer to its", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00426-00111480-00111797": "Siberian and Canadian sides in addition", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00427-00111798-00111947": "there is a sea-level pressure", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00428-00111948-00112183": "SLP ridge over Greenland that drives", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00429-00112184-00112366": "strong northerly winds through the Fram", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00430-00112367-00112666": "Strait facilitating ice export in the", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00431-00112667-00112898": "summer the SLP contrast is smaller", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00432-00112899-00113222": "producing weaker winds a final example", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00433-00113223-00113434": "of seasonal pressure system movement as", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00434-00113435-00113629": "the low pressure system that exists over", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00435-00113630-00113897": "the Nordic and barren seas it is an", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00436-00113898-00114098": "extension of the Icelandic low which", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00437-00114099-00114323": "creates cyclonic ocean circulation in", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00438-00114324-00114599": "this area the low shifts to center over", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00439-00114600-00114815": "the North Pole in the summer these", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00440-00114816-00115043": "variations in the Arctic all contribute", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00441-00115044-00115214": "to ice drift reaching its weakest point", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00442-00115215-00115469": "during the summer months there is also", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00443-00115470-00115682": "evidence that the drift is associated", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00444-00115683-00115816": "with the phase of the Arctic Oscillation", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00445-00115817-00116415": "and Atlantic multidecadal oscillation", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00446-00116416-00116853": "topic sea-ice", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00447-00116854-00117180": "topic much of the Arctic Ocean is", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00448-00117181-00117402": "covered by sea ice that varies in extent", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00449-00117403-00117663": "and thickness seasonally the mean extent", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00450-00117664-00117813": "of the ice has been decreasing since", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00451-00117814-00118080": "1980 from the average winter value of", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00452-00118081-00118286": "fifteen million six hundred thousand", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00453-00118288-00118398": "square kilometers", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00454-00118399-00118602": "six million twenty three thousand two", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00455-00118603-00118797": "hundred square miles at a rate of three", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00456-00118798-00119036": "percent per decade the seasonal", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00457-00119038-00119210": "variations are about seven million", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00458-00119211-00119421": "square kilometres two million seven", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00459-00119422-00119609": "hundred two thousand seven hundred", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00460-00119610-00119817": "square miles with the maximum in April", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00461-00119818-00120093": "and minimum in September the sea ice is", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00462-00120094-00120282": "affected by wind and ocean currents", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00463-00120283-00120471": "which can move and rotate very large", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00464-00120472-00120768": "areas of ice zones of compression also", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00465-00120769-00120983": "arise where the ice piles up to form", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00466-00120984-00121194": "pack ice icebergs occasionally break", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00467-00121195-00121383": "away from northern Ellesmere Island and", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00468-00121383-00121575": "icebergs are formed from glaciers in", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00469-00121576-00121728": "western Greenland and extreme", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00470-00121729-00122019": "northeastern Canada icebergs are not sea", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00471-00122020-00122202": "ice but may becoming embedded in the", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00472-00122203-00122517": "pack ice icebergs pose a hazard to ships", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00473-00122518-00122721": "of which the Titanic is one of the most", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00474-00122722-00123015": "famous the ocean is virtually ice locked", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00475-00123016-00123171": "from October to June and the", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00476-00123172-00123366": "superstructure of ships are subject to", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00477-00123367-00123639": "icing from October to May before the", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00478-00123640-00123836": "advent of modern icebreakers ships", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00479-00123838-00124023": "sailing the Arctic Ocean risked being", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00480-00124024-00124173": "trapped or crushed by sea ice", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00481-00124174-00124329": "although the baychimo drifted through", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00482-00124330-00124535": "the Arctic Ocean intended for decades", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00483-00124536-00124953": "despite these hazards", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00484-00124954-00125451": "topic climate", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00485-00125452-00125757": "topic under the influence of the", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00486-00125758-00125991": "quaternary glaciation the Arctic Ocean", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00487-00125992-00126153": "is contained in a polar climate", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00488-00126154-00126357": "characterized by persistent cold and", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00489-00126358-00126540": "relatively narrow annual temperature", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00490-00126541-00126816": "ranges winters are characterized by the", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00491-00126817-00127032": "polar night extreme cold frequent", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00492-00127033-00127206": "low-level temperature inversions and", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00493-00127207-00127500": "stable weather conditions cyclones are", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00494-00127501-00127758": "only common on the Atlantic side summers", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00495-00127758-00127968": "are characterized by continuous daylight", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00496-00127969-00128178": "midnight Sun and temperatures can rise", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00497-00128179-00128370": "above the melting point 0 degrees", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00498-00128371-00128729": "Celsius 32 degrees Fahrenheit cyclones", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00499-00128730-00128901": "are more frequent in summer and may", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00500-00128902-00129147": "bring rain or snow it is cloudy", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00501-00129148-00129372": "year-round with mean cloud cover ranging", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00502-00129373-00129686": "from 60% in winter to over 80% in summer", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00503-00129688-00129866": "the temperature of the surface of the", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00504-00129867-00130083": "Arctic Ocean is fairly constant near the", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00505-00130083-00130332": "freezing point of sea water because the", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00506-00130333-00130559": "Arctic Ocean consists of salt water the", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00507-00130560-00130821": "temperature must reach minus 1.8 degrees", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00508-00130822-00130989": "Celsius twenty-eight point eight degrees", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00509-00130990-00131340": "Fahrenheit before freezing occurs the", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00510-00131341-00131562": "density of sea water in contrast to", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00511-00131563-00131766": "fresh water increases as it nears the", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00512-00131767-00131958": "freezing point and thus it tends to sink", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00513-00131959-00132249": "it is generally necessary that the upper", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00514-00132250-00132708": "100 to 150 metres 330 to 490 feet of", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00515-00132709-00132906": "ocean water cools to the freezing point", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00516-00132907-00133166": "for sea ice to form in the winter the", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00517-00133167-00133383": "relatively warm ocean water exerts a", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00518-00133384-00133584": "moderating influence even when covered", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00519-00133585-00133887": "by ice this is one reason why the Arctic", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00520-00133888-00134046": "does not experience the extreme", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00521-00134047-00134223": "temperatures seen on the Antarctic", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00522-00134224-00134406": "continent", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00523-00134407-00134655": "there is considerable seasonal variation", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00524-00134656-00134847": "in how much pack ice of the Arctic ice", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00525-00134848-00135138": "pack covers the Arctic Ocean much of the", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00526-00135139-00135369": "Arctic ice pack is also covered in snow", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00527-00135370-00135537": "for about ten months of the year the", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00528-00135538-00135824": "maximum snow cover is in March or April", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00529-00135825-00136095": "about twenty to fifty centimeters", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00530-00136096-00136317": "seven point nine to nineteen point seven", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00531-00136318-00136608": "in over the frozen ocean the climate of", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00532-00136609-00136752": "the Arctic region has varied", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00533-00136753-00137046": "significantly in the past as recently as", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00534-00137047-00137280": "fifty five million years ago during the", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00535-00137281-00137508": "Paleocene Eocene thermal maximum the", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00536-00137509-00137661": "region reached an average annual", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00537-00137662-00137904": "temperature of 10 to 20 degrees Celsius", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00538-00137905-00138255": "50 to 68 degrees Fahrenheit the surface", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00539-00138256-00138462": "waters of the northernmost Arctic Ocean", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00540-00138463-00138507": "warmed", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00541-00138508-00138693": "seasonally at least enough to support", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00542-00138694-00138924": "tropical life forms the dinoflagellates", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00543-00138925-00139170": "affected inium Augusta requiring surface", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00544-00139171-00139400": "temperatures of over 22 degrees Celsius", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00545-00139401-00139969": "72 degrees Fahrenheit", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00546-00139970-00140488": "topic animal and plant life", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00547-00140489-00140851": "topic endangered marine species in the", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00548-00140852-00141069": "Arctic Ocean include walruses and whales", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00549-00141070-00141376": "the area has a fragile ecosystem which", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00550-00141377-00141553": "is slow to change and slow to recover", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00551-00141554-00141841": "from disruptions or damage lion's mane", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00552-00141842-00142045": "jellyfish are abundant in the waters of", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00553-00142046-00142225": "the Arctic and the banded gunnel is the", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00554-00142226-00142423": "only species of gunnel that lives in the", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00555-00142424-00142723": "ocean the Arctic Ocean has relatively", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00556-00142724-00142870": "little plant life except for", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00557-00142871-00143098": "phytoplankton phytoplankton are a", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00558-00143099-00143278": "crucial part of the ocean and there are", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00559-00143279-00143440": "massive amounts of them in the Arctic", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00560-00143441-00143620": "where they feed on nutrients from rivers", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00561-00143621-00143778": "and the currents of the Atlantic and", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00562-00143779-00144073": "Pacific Oceans during summer the Sun is", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00563-00144074-00144244": "out day and night thus enabling the", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00564-00144245-00144448": "phytoplankton to photosynthesize for", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00565-00144449-00144628": "long periods of time and reproduce", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00566-00144629-00144928": "quickly however the reverse is true in", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00567-00144929-00145087": "winter when they struggle to get enough", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00568-00145088-00145474": "light to survive", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00569-00145475-00146047": "topic Natural Resources", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00570-00146048-00146437": "topic petroleum and natural gas fields", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00571-00146438-00146551": "placer deposits", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00572-00146552-00146803": "polymetallic nodules sand and gravel", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00573-00146804-00147055": "aggregates fish seals and whales can all", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00574-00147056-00147247": "be found in abundance in the region the", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00575-00147248-00147424": "political dead zone near the center of", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00576-00147425-00147637": "the sea is also the focus of a mounting", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00577-00147638-00147850": "dispute between the United States Russia", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00578-00147851-00148165": "Canada Norway and Denmark it is", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00579-00148166-00148378": "significant for the global energy market", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00580-00148379-00148603": "because it may hold 25 percent or more", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00581-00148604-00148810": "of the world's undiscovered oil and gas", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00582-00148811-00149197": "resources", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00583-00149198-00149791": "topic environmental concerns", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00584-00149792-00150156": "topic", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00585-00150157-00150682": "topic Arctic ice melting", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00586-00150683-00151033": "topic the Arctic ice pack is thinning", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00587-00151034-00151192": "and in many years there is also a", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00588-00151193-00151425": "seasonal hole in the ozone layer", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00589-00151426-00151675": "reduction of the area of Arctic sea ice", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00590-00151676-00151942": "reduces the planet s average albedo", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00591-00151943-00152218": "possibly resulting in global warming in", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00592-00152219-00152536": "a positive feedback mechanism research", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00593-00152537-00152719": "shows that the Arctic may become", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00594-00152720-00152914": "ice-free for the first time in human", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00595-00152915-00153261": "history within a few years or by 2040", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00596-00153262-00153520": "estimates vary for when the last time", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00597-00153521-00153835": "the Arctic was ice-free 65 million years", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00598-00153836-00154084": "ago when fossils indicate that plants", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00599-00154085-00154273": "existed there too as few as five", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00600-00154274-00154528": "thousand five hundred years ago ice and", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00601-00154529-00154741": "ocean cores going back eight thousand", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00602-00154742-00155149": "years to the last warm period or 125,000", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00603-00155150-00155353": "during the last interglacial period", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00604-00155354-00155581": "warming temperatures in the Arctic may", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00605-00155582-00155776": "cause large amounts of fresh meltwater", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00606-00155777-00156025": "to enter the North Atlantic possibly", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00607-00156026-00156333": "disrupting global ocean current patterns", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00608-00156334-00156580": "potentially severe changes in the earth", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00609-00156581-00156895": "s climate might then ensue as the extent", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00610-00156896-00157099": "of sea ice diminishes and sea level", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00611-00157100-00157309": "rises the effect of storms such as the", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00612-00157310-00157555": "great Arctic cyclone of 2012 on open", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00613-00157556-00157741": "water increases as does possible", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00614-00157742-00157972": "saltwater damage to vegetation on shore", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00615-00157973-00158152": "at locations such as the Mackenzies", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00616-00158153-00158353": "River Delta as stronger storm surges", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00617-00158354-00158748": "become more likely", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00618-00158749-00159294": "topic clathrate breakdown", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00619-00159295-00159660": "topic see ice and the cold conditions it", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00620-00159661-00159885": "sustains serves to stabilize methane", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00621-00159886-00160035": "deposits on and near the shoreline", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00622-00160036-00160248": "preventing the clathrate breaking down", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00623-00160249-00160410": "and outgassing methane into the", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00624-00160411-00160613": "atmosphere causing further warming", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00625-00160614-00160860": "melting of this ice may release large", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00626-00160861-00161025": "quantities of methane a powerful", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00627-00161026-00161204": "greenhouse gas into the atmosphere", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00628-00161205-00161430": "causing further warming and a strong", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00629-00161431-00161679": "positive feedback cycle and marine genus", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00630-00161680-00162116": "and species to become extinct", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00631-00162117-00162633": "topic other concerns", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00632-00162634-00162975": "topic other environmental concerns", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00633-00162976-00163179": "relate to the radioactive contamination", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00634-00163180-00163395": "of the Arctic Ocean from for example", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00635-00163396-00163626": "Russian radioactive waste dump sites in", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00636-00163627-00163845": "the Cara Sea and Cold War nuclear test", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00637-00163846-00164151": "sites such as Novaya Zemlya in addition", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00638-00164152-00164400": "shell plan to drill exploratory wells in", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00639-00164401-00164601": "the Chukchi and before seas during the", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00640-00164602-00164832": "summer of 2012 which environmental", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00641-00164833-00165009": "groups filed a lawsuit about in an", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00642-00165010-00165189": "attempt to protect Native communities", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00643-00165190-00165414": "endangered wildlife and the Arctic Ocean", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00644-00165415-00165651": "in the event of a major oil spill on the", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00645-00165652-00165843": "16th of July 2015", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00646-00165844-00166089": "five nations United States of America", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00647-00166090-00166350": "Russia Canada Norway Denmark Greenland", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00648-00166351-00166563": "signed a declaration committing to keep", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00649-00166564-00166767": "their fishing vessels out of a 1.1", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00650-00166768-00166929": "million square miles owned in the", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00651-00166930-00167117": "central Arctic Ocean near the North Pole", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00652-00167118-00167397": "the agreement calls for those nations to", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00653-00167398-00167562": "refrain from fishing there until there", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00654-00167563-00167751": "is better scientific knowledge about the", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00655-00167752-00167955": "marine resources and until a regulatory", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00656-00167956-00168147": "system is in place to protect those", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00657-00168148-00168523": "resources", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00658-00168524-00169049": "topic see also", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00659-00169050-00169442": "topic", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00660-00169443-00169956": "topic references", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00661-00169957-00170347": "topic", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00662-00170348-00170863": "topic further reading", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00663-00170864-00171262": "topic need be Leslie H discovery in", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00664-00171263-00171654": "Russian and Siberian waters 1973 ISBN o", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00665-00171655-00171793": "8 2 1 4", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00666-00171794-00172321": "o 1 2 4 6 rayel and bacon B EDS the", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00667-00172322-00172928": "Arctic Ocean 1982 ISBN o 3 3 3 3 1 o 179", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00668-00172929-00173263": "Thorin Ragnar V a picture atlas of the", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00669-00173264-00174121": "Arctic 1969 ISBN o 8 2 1 4 o 1 2 4 6", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00670-00174122-00174669": "topic external links", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00671-00174670-00175119": "topic the Hidden Ocean Arctic 2005 daily", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00672-00175120-00175337": "logs photos and video from exploration", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00673-00175338-00175661": "mission oceanography image of the day", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00674-00175662-00175809": "from the Woods Hole Oceanographic", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00675-00175810-00176264": "Institution Arctic Council the northern", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00676-00176265-00176556": "forum Arctic environmental atlas", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00677-00176557-00176911": "interactive map NOAA Arctic theme page", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00678-00176912-00177200": "Arctic Great Rivers Observatory Arctic", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00679-00177201-00177577": "grow Arctic Ocean the World Factbook", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00680-00177578-00177993": "central intelligence agency daily Arctic", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00681-00177994-00178190": "Ocean ruins and data from Soviet", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00682-00178191-00178584": "drifting ice stations 1954 to 1990 @ NS", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00683-00178585-00178971": "IDC NOAA North Pole webcam images from", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00684-00178972-00179184": "webcams deployed in spring on an ice", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00685-00179185-00179489": "floe NOAA near real-time North Pole", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00686-00179490-00179682": "weather data data from instruments", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00687-00179683-00179954": "deployed on an ice floe search for", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00688-00179955-00180238": "Arctic life heats up by Steven Leahy", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00689-00180239-00180582": "international polar foundation daily", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00690-00180583-00180803": "report of Arctic ice cover based on", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00691-00180804-00181272": "satellite data NS IDC org national snow", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00692-00181273-00181502": "and ice data center", "o-Nab-u2RXk-00693-00181503-00181904": "marine biodiversity wiki"}}, {"audio_id": "o-ZCuYOy41k", "text": {"o-ZCuYOy41k-00000-00000006-00000289": "we were factoring I'm squared minus 10m", "o-ZCuYOy41k-00001-00000290-00000695": "minus 75 since 75 is negative we are", "o-ZCuYOy41k-00002-00000696-00001136": "going to put um plus in the first", "o-ZCuYOy41k-00003-00001137-00001595": "binomial and a minus in the second now", "o-ZCuYOy41k-00004-00001596-00001721": "we're going to find factors of negative", "o-ZCuYOy41k-00005-00001722-00001967": "75 that when added together equal", "o-ZCuYOy41k-00006-00001968-00002275": "negative 10 first we'll try negative 25", "o-ZCuYOy41k-00007-00002276-00002842": "and 3 which is negative 22 now we will", "o-ZCuYOy41k-00008-00002843-00003370": "try 5 and negative 15 which does equal", "o-ZCuYOy41k-00009-00003371-00003788": "negative 10 so we will put 5 in the", "o-ZCuYOy41k-00010-00003789-00004028": "first one and 15 in the second so we", "o-ZCuYOy41k-00011-00004029-00004472": "have M plus 5 multiplied by M minus 15", "o-ZCuYOy41k-00012-00004473-00004769": "as our solution"}}, {"audio_id": "o-a74RU9nJY", "text": {"o-a74RU9nJY-00000-00000052-00000290": "in metaphysics nominalism as a", "o-a74RU9nJY-00001-00000291-00000492": "philosophical view which denies the", "o-a74RU9nJY-00002-00000493-00000699": "existence of universals and abstract", "o-a74RU9nJY-00003-00000700-00000908": "objects but affirms the existence of", "o-a74RU9nJY-00004-00000909-00001133": "general or abstract terms and predicates", "o-a74RU9nJY-00005-00001134-00001391": "there are at least two main versions of", "o-a74RU9nJY-00006-00001392-00001619": "nominalism one version denies the", "o-a74RU9nJY-00007-00001620-00001826": "existence of universals things that can", "o-a74RU9nJY-00008-00001827-00002058": "be instantiated or exemplified by many", "o-a74RU9nJY-00009-00002059-00002163": "particular things", "o-a74RU9nJY-00010-00002164-00002496": "eg strength Humanity the other version", "o-a74RU9nJY-00011-00002497-00002699": "specifically denies the existence of", "o-a74RU9nJY-00012-00002700-00002913": "abstract objects objects that do not", "o-a74RU9nJY-00013-00002914-00003158": "exist in space and time most nominalist", "o-a74RU9nJY-00014-00003159-00003381": "have held that only physical particulars", "o-a74RU9nJY-00015-00003382-00003561": "in space and time are real and that", "o-a74RU9nJY-00016-00003561-00003825": "universals exist only post res that is", "o-a74RU9nJY-00017-00003826-00004015": "subsequent to particular things", "o-a74RU9nJY-00018-00004017-00004317": "however some versions of nominalism hold", "o-a74RU9nJY-00019-00004318-00004497": "that some particulars are abstract", "o-a74RU9nJY-00020-00004498-00004740": "entities eg numbers while others are", "o-a74RU9nJY-00021-00004741-00004962": "concrete entities entities that do exist", "o-a74RU9nJY-00022-00004963-00005238": "in space and time eg pillars snakes", "o-a74RU9nJY-00023-00005239-00005568": "bananas nominalism is primarily a", "o-a74RU9nJY-00024-00005569-00005781": "position on the problem of universals", "o-a74RU9nJY-00025-00005782-00005991": "which dates back at least to Plato and", "o-a74RU9nJY-00026-00005992-00006210": "as opposed to realist philosophies such", "o-a74RU9nJY-00027-00006211-00006396": "as platonic realism which assert that", "o-a74RU9nJY-00028-00006397-00006602": "universals do exist over and above", "o-a74RU9nJY-00029-00006603-00006959": "particulars however the name nominalism", "o-a74RU9nJY-00030-00006959-00007194": "emerged from debates in medieval", "o-a74RU9nJY-00031-00007195-00007488": "philosophy with rah Salinas the term", "o-a74RU9nJY-00032-00007489-00007691": "nominalism stems from the Latin Roman", "o-a74RU9nJY-00033-00007692-00008058": "name for example John Stuart Mill once", "o-a74RU9nJY-00034-00008059-00008252": "wrote that there is nothing general", "o-a74RU9nJY-00035-00008253-00008509": "except names", "o-a74RU9nJY-00036-00008510-00008776": "in philosophy of law nominalism finds", "o-a74RU9nJY-00037-00008777-00008928": "its application in what is called", "o-a74RU9nJY-00038-00008929-00009589": "constitutional nominalism", "o-a74RU9nJY-00039-00009590-00010087": "topic history", "o-a74RU9nJY-00040-00010088-00010428": "you", "o-a74RU9nJY-00041-00010429-00011019": "topic ancient Greek philosophy", "o-a74RU9nJY-00042-00011020-00011271": "Plato was perhaps the first writer in", "o-a74RU9nJY-00043-00011272-00011466": "Western philosophy to clearly state a", "o-a74RU9nJY-00044-00011467-00011820": "non nominalist position we customarily", "o-a74RU9nJY-00045-00011821-00012071": "hypothesize a single form in connection", "o-a74RU9nJY-00046-00012072-00012246": "with each of the many things to which we", "o-a74RU9nJY-00047-00012247-00012585": "apply the same name for example there", "o-a74RU9nJY-00048-00012586-00012849": "are many beds and tables", "o-a74RU9nJY-00049-00012850-00013032": "but there are only two forms of such", "o-a74RU9nJY-00050-00013033-00013227": "furniture one of the bed in one of the", "o-a74RU9nJY-00051-00013228-00013836": "table Republic 596 a B trans group what", "o-a74RU9nJY-00052-00013837-00014016": "about someone who believes in beautiful", "o-a74RU9nJY-00053-00014016-00014160": "things but doesn't believe in the", "o-a74RU9nJY-00054-00014161-00014391": "beautiful itself don't you think he is", "o-a74RU9nJY-00055-00014391-00014562": "living in a dream rather than awakened", "o-a74RU9nJY-00056-00014563-00015072": "state Republic 476 C the Platonic", "o-a74RU9nJY-00057-00015072-00015255": "universals corresponding to the name's", "o-a74RU9nJY-00058-00015256-00015651": "bed and beautiful were the form of the", "o-a74RU9nJY-00059-00015652-00015846": "bed and the form of the beautiful or the", "o-a74RU9nJY-00060-00015847-00016061": "bed itself in the beautiful itself", "o-a74RU9nJY-00061-00016062-00016257": "platonic forms where the first", "o-a74RU9nJY-00062-00016258-00016509": "universals posited as such in philosophy", "o-a74RU9nJY-00063-00016510-00016809": "our term universal his due to the", "o-a74RU9nJY-00064-00016810-00016997": "English translation of Aristotle's", "o-a74RU9nJY-00065-00016998-00017196": "technical term katha lo which he coined", "o-a74RU9nJY-00066-00017197-00017379": "specially for the purpose of discussing", "o-a74RU9nJY-00067-00017380-00017679": "the problem of universals katha low is a", "o-a74RU9nJY-00068-00017680-00017871": "contraction of the phrase kata hello", "o-a74RU9nJY-00069-00017872-00018171": "meaning on the whole Aristotle famously", "o-a74RU9nJY-00070-00018172-00018417": "rejected certain aspects of Plato's", "o-a74RU9nJY-00071-00018418-00018647": "theory of forms but he clearly rejected", "o-a74RU9nJY-00072-00018648-00019022": "nominalism as well man and indeed every", "o-a74RU9nJY-00073-00019023-00019221": "general predicate signifies not an", "o-a74RU9nJY-00074-00019222-00019422": "individual but some quality or quantity", "o-a74RU9nJY-00075-00019423-00019706": "or relation or something of that sort", "o-a74RU9nJY-00076-00019707-00020211": "sophistical refutations XXII 178 b37", "o-a74RU9nJY-00077-00020212-00020613": "trans Picard Cambridge the first", "o-a74RU9nJY-00078-00020614-00020819": "philosophers to explicitly describe", "o-a74RU9nJY-00079-00020820-00021012": "nominalist arguments were the Stoics", "o-a74RU9nJY-00080-00021013-00021444": "especially Christmas topic medieval", "o-a74RU9nJY-00081-00021445-00021666": "philosophy and medieval philosophy the", "o-a74RU9nJY-00082-00021667-00021819": "French philosopher and theologian", "o-a74RU9nJY-00083-00021820-00022230": "Rosalina's C 1050 C 1125 was an early", "o-a74RU9nJY-00084-00022231-00022436": "prominent proponent of nominalism", "o-a74RU9nJY-00085-00022437-00022671": "nominalist ideas can be found in the", "o-a74RU9nJY-00086-00022672-00022860": "work of Peter Abelard and reached their", "o-a74RU9nJY-00087-00022861-00023046": "flowering and William of Ockham who is", "o-a74RU9nJY-00088-00023047-00023193": "the most influential and thorough", "o-a74RU9nJY-00089-00023194-00023453": "nominalist abbe billards and Ockham's", "o-a74RU9nJY-00090-00023454-00023634": "version of nominalism as sometimes", "o-a74RU9nJY-00091-00023635-00023871": "called conceptualism which presents", "o-a74RU9nJY-00092-00023872-00023988": "itself as a middle way between", "o-a74RU9nJY-00093-00023989-00024225": "nominalism and realism asserting that", "o-a74RU9nJY-00094-00024226-00024402": "there is something in common among like", "o-a74RU9nJY-00095-00024403-00024618": "individuals but that it is a concept in", "o-a74RU9nJY-00096-00024619-00024780": "the mind rather than a real entity", "o-a74RU9nJY-00097-00024781-00024977": "existing independently of the mind", "o-a74RU9nJY-00098-00024978-00025239": "akhom argued that only individuals", "o-a74RU9nJY-00099-00025240-00025455": "existed and that universals were only", "o-a74RU9nJY-00100-00025456-00025619": "mental ways of referring to sets of", "o-a74RU9nJY-00101-00025620-00025911": "individuals I maintain he wrote that a", "o-a74RU9nJY-00102-00025912-00026118": "universal is not something real that", "o-a74RU9nJY-00103-00026119-00026237": "exists in a subject", "o-a74RU9nJY-00104-00026238-00026393": "but that it has a being only as a", "o-a74RU9nJY-00105-00026394-00026589": "thought object in the mind object to", "o-a74RU9nJY-00106-00026589-00026886": "them in anima as a general rule akhom", "o-a74RU9nJY-00107-00026887-00027071": "argued against assuming any entities", "o-a74RU9nJY-00108-00027072-00027314": "that were not necessary for explanations", "o-a74RU9nJY-00109-00027314-00027573": "accordingly he wrote there is no reason", "o-a74RU9nJY-00110-00027574-00027698": "to believe that there is an entity", "o-a74RU9nJY-00111-00027699-00027957": "called humanity that resides inside say", "o-a74RU9nJY-00112-00027958-00028145": "Socrates and nothing further is", "o-a74RU9nJY-00113-00028146-00028389": "explained by making this claim this is", "o-a74RU9nJY-00114-00028389-00028589": "in accord with the analytical method", "o-a74RU9nJY-00115-00028590-00028758": "that has since come to be called Occam's", "o-a74RU9nJY-00116-00028758-00028949": "razor the principle that the explanation", "o-a74RU9nJY-00117-00028950-00029154": "of any phenomenon should make as few", "o-a74RU9nJY-00118-00029155-00029430": "assumptions as possible critics argue", "o-a74RU9nJY-00119-00029431-00029612": "that conceptualist approaches only", "o-a74RU9nJY-00120-00029613-00029805": "answer the psychological question of", "o-a74RU9nJY-00121-00029806-00030080": "universals if the same concept is", "o-a74RU9nJY-00122-00030081-00030308": "correctly and non arbitrarily applied to", "o-a74RU9nJY-00123-00030309-00030486": "two individuals there must be some", "o-a74RU9nJY-00124-00030487-00030671": "resemblance or shared property between", "o-a74RU9nJY-00125-00030672-00030896": "the two individuals that justifies their", "o-a74RU9nJY-00126-00030897-00031092": "falling under the same concept and that", "o-a74RU9nJY-00127-00031093-00031280": "is just the metaphysical problem that", "o-a74RU9nJY-00128-00031281-00031467": "universals were brought in to address", "o-a74RU9nJY-00129-00031468-00031643": "the starting point of the whole problem", "o-a74RU9nJY-00130-00031644-00032012": "the cloud in rubenstein 2006 section 3 D", "o-a74RU9nJY-00131-00032013-00032318": "if resemblances between individuals are", "o-a74RU9nJY-00132-00032319-00032558": "asserted conceptualism becomes moderate", "o-a74RU9nJY-00133-00032559-00032771": "realism if they are denied it collapses", "o-a74RU9nJY-00134-00032772-00033337": "into nominalism", "o-a74RU9nJY-00135-00033338-00033993": "topic modern and contemporary philosophy", "o-a74RU9nJY-00136-00033994-00034266": "in modern philosophy nominalism was", "o-a74RU9nJY-00137-00034267-00034461": "revived by Thomas Hobbes and Pierre", "o-a74RU9nJY-00138-00034462-00034686": "Gassendi in contemporary analytic", "o-a74RU9nJY-00139-00034687-00034878": "philosophy it has been defended by", "o-a74RU9nJY-00140-00034879-00035157": "Rudolf Carnap Nelson Goodman HH price", "o-a74RU9nJY-00141-00035158-00035794": "and DC Williams", "o-a74RU9nJY-00142-00035795-00036396": "topic the problem of universals", "o-a74RU9nJY-00143-00036397-00036646": "nominalism arose in reaction to the", "o-a74RU9nJY-00144-00036647-00036862": "problem of universals specifically", "o-a74RU9nJY-00145-00036863-00037012": "accounting for the fact that some things", "o-a74RU9nJY-00146-00037013-00037345": "are the same type for example fluffy and", "o-a74RU9nJY-00147-00037346-00037555": "kittler are both cats or the fact that", "o-a74RU9nJY-00148-00037556-00037765": "certain properties are repeatable such", "o-a74RU9nJY-00149-00037766-00037954": "as the grass the shirt and Kermit the", "o-a74RU9nJY-00150-00037955-00038209": "Frog or green one wants to know by", "o-a74RU9nJY-00151-00038210-00038395": "virtue of what are fluffy and KITT slur", "o-a74RU9nJY-00152-00038396-00038599": "both cats and what makes the grass the", "o-a74RU9nJY-00153-00038600-00038893": "shirt and Kermit green the plate inist", "o-a74RU9nJY-00154-00038894-00039076": "answer is that all the green things are", "o-a74RU9nJY-00155-00039077-00039265": "green in virtue of the existence of a", "o-a74RU9nJY-00156-00039266-00039490": "universal a single abstract thing that", "o-a74RU9nJY-00157-00039491-00039694": "in this case is a part of all the green", "o-a74RU9nJY-00158-00039695-00039958": "things with respect to the color of the", "o-a74RU9nJY-00159-00039959-00040153": "grass the shirt and Kermit one of their", "o-a74RU9nJY-00160-00040154-00040444": "parts is identical in this respect the", "o-a74RU9nJY-00161-00040445-00040675": "three parts are literally one green this", "o-a74RU9nJY-00162-00040676-00040864": "is repeatable because there is one thing", "o-a74RU9nJY-00163-00040865-00041062": "that manifests itself wherever there are", "o-a74RU9nJY-00164-00041063-00041377": "green things nominalism denies the", "o-a74RU9nJY-00165-00041378-00041632": "existence of universals the motivation", "o-a74RU9nJY-00166-00041633-00041848": "for this flows from several concerns the", "o-a74RU9nJY-00167-00041849-00042036": "first one being where they might exist", "o-a74RU9nJY-00168-00042037-00042280": "Plato famously held on one", "o-a74RU9nJY-00169-00042281-00042463": "interpretation that there is a realm of", "o-a74RU9nJY-00170-00042464-00042706": "abstract forms or universals apart from", "o-a74RU9nJY-00171-00042707-00042883": "the physical world see theory of the", "o-a74RU9nJY-00172-00042884-00043120": "forms particular physical objects merely", "o-a74RU9nJY-00173-00043121-00043375": "exemplify or instantiate the universal", "o-a74RU9nJY-00174-00043376-00043630": "but this raises the question where is", "o-a74RU9nJY-00175-00043631-00043879": "this universal realm one possibility is", "o-a74RU9nJY-00176-00043880-00044149": "that it is outside space and time a view", "o-a74RU9nJY-00177-00044150-00044368": "sympathetic with this possibility holds", "o-a74RU9nJY-00178-00044369-00044554": "that precisely because some form is", "o-a74RU9nJY-00179-00044555-00044770": "imminent in several physical objects it", "o-a74RU9nJY-00180-00044771-00044929": "must also transcend each of those", "o-a74RU9nJY-00181-00044930-00045163": "physical objects in this way the forms", "o-a74RU9nJY-00182-00045164-00045481": "are transcendent only insofar as they", "o-a74RU9nJY-00183-00045482-00045802": "are imminent in many physical objects in", "o-a74RU9nJY-00184-00045803-00045985": "other words imminence implies", "o-a74RU9nJY-00185-00045986-00046183": "transcendence they are not opposed to", "o-a74RU9nJY-00186-00046184-00046390": "one another nor in this view would there", "o-a74RU9nJY-00187-00046391-00046798": "be a separate world or realm of forms", "o-a74RU9nJY-00188-00046799-00046972": "that is distinct from the physical world", "o-a74RU9nJY-00189-00046973-00047140": "thus shirking much of the worry about", "o-a74RU9nJY-00190-00047141-00047392": "where to locate a universal realm", "o-a74RU9nJY-00191-00047393-00047662": "however naturalist assert that nothing", "o-a74RU9nJY-00192-00047663-00047839": "is outside of space and time", "o-a74RU9nJY-00193-00047840-00048121": "some neoplatonist s-- such as the pagan", "o-a74RU9nJY-00194-00048122-00048322": "philosopher Plotinus and the christian", "o-a74RU9nJY-00195-00048323-00048586": "philosopher augustine imply anticipating", "o-a74RU9nJY-00196-00048587-00048781": "conceptualism that universals are", "o-a74RU9nJY-00197-00048782-00049015": "contained within the mind of god to", "o-a74RU9nJY-00198-00049016-00049198": "complicate things what is the nature of", "o-a74RU9nJY-00199-00049199-00049384": "the instantiation or exemplification", "o-a74RU9nJY-00200-00049385-00049744": "relation conceptualist hold a position", "o-a74RU9nJY-00201-00049745-00049764": "in", "o-a74RU9nJY-00202-00049765-00049935": "intermediate between nominalism and", "o-a74RU9nJY-00203-00049936-00050154": "realism saying that universals exists", "o-a74RU9nJY-00204-00050155-00050310": "only within the mind and have no", "o-a74RU9nJY-00205-00050311-00050652": "external or substantial reality moderate", "o-a74RU9nJY-00206-00050653-00050843": "realists hold that there is no realm in", "o-a74RU9nJY-00207-00050844-00051030": "which universals exists but rather", "o-a74RU9nJY-00208-00051031-00051273": "universals are located in space and time", "o-a74RU9nJY-00209-00051274-00051557": "wherever they are manifest now recall", "o-a74RU9nJY-00210-00051558-00051746": "that a universal like greenness is", "o-a74RU9nJY-00211-00051747-00052016": "supposed to be a single thing nominal", "o-a74RU9nJY-00212-00052017-00052196": "lists consider it unusual that there", "o-a74RU9nJY-00213-00052197-00052376": "could be a single thing that exists in", "o-a74RU9nJY-00214-00052377-00052655": "multiple places simultaneously the", "o-a74RU9nJY-00215-00052657-00052863": "realist maintains that all the instances", "o-a74RU9nJY-00216-00052864-00053030": "of greenness are held together by the", "o-a74RU9nJY-00217-00053032-00053223": "exemplification relation but this", "o-a74RU9nJY-00218-00053224-00053532": "relation cannot be explained finally", "o-a74RU9nJY-00219-00053533-00053724": "many philosophers prefer simpler", "o-a74RU9nJY-00220-00053725-00053942": "ontologies populated with only the bare", "o-a74RU9nJY-00221-00053944-00054189": "minimum of types of entities or as WVO", "o-a74RU9nJY-00222-00054190-00054450": "Quine said they have a taste for desert", "o-a74RU9nJY-00223-00054451-00054692": "landscapes they try to express", "o-a74RU9nJY-00224-00054694-00054857": "everything that they want to explain", "o-a74RU9nJY-00225-00054858-00055130": "without using Universal such as katniss", "o-a74RU9nJY-00226-00055132-00055730": "or greenness", "o-a74RU9nJY-00227-00055732-00056263": "topic varieties", "o-a74RU9nJY-00228-00056264-00056491": "there are various forms of nominalism", "o-a74RU9nJY-00229-00056491-00056719": "ranging from extreme to almost realist", "o-a74RU9nJY-00230-00056720-00056989": "one extreme is predicate nominalism", "o-a74RU9nJY-00231-00056990-00057196": "which states that fluffy and KITT slur", "o-a74RU9nJY-00232-00057197-00057436": "for example are both cats simply because", "o-a74RU9nJY-00233-00057437-00057630": "the predicate is a cat applies to both", "o-a74RU9nJY-00234-00057632-00057855": "of them and this is the case for all", "o-a74RU9nJY-00235-00057857-00058072": "similarity of attribute among objects", "o-a74RU9nJY-00236-00058073-00058345": "the main criticism of this view is that", "o-a74RU9nJY-00237-00058346-00058513": "it does not provide a sufficient", "o-a74RU9nJY-00238-00058514-00058795": "solution to the problem of universals it", "o-a74RU9nJY-00239-00058796-00058960": "fails to provide an account of what", "o-a74RU9nJY-00240-00058961-00059137": "makes it the case that a group of things", "o-a74RU9nJY-00241-00059138-00059299": "warrant having the same predicate", "o-a74RU9nJY-00242-00059300-00059440": "applied to them proponents of", "o-a74RU9nJY-00243-00059441-00059650": "resemblance nominalism believed that cat", "o-a74RU9nJY-00244-00059651-00059875": "applies to both cats because fluffy and", "o-a74RU9nJY-00245-00059876-00060064": "KITT slur resemble an exemplar cat", "o-a74RU9nJY-00246-00060065-00060247": "closely enough to be classed together", "o-a74RU9nJY-00247-00060248-00060433": "with it as members of its kind or that", "o-a74RU9nJY-00248-00060434-00060574": "they differ from each other and other", "o-a74RU9nJY-00249-00060575-00060748": "cats quite less than they differ from", "o-a74RU9nJY-00250-00060749-00060952": "other things and this warrants classing", "o-a74RU9nJY-00251-00060953-00061219": "them together some resemblance nominal", "o-a74RU9nJY-00252-00061220-00061384": "lists will concede that the resemblance", "o-a74RU9nJY-00253-00061385-00061603": "relation is itself a universal but as", "o-a74RU9nJY-00254-00061604-00061873": "the only universal necessary others", "o-a74RU9nJY-00255-00061874-00062079": "argue that each resemblance relation is", "o-a74RU9nJY-00256-00062080-00062236": "a particular and as a resemblance", "o-a74RU9nJY-00257-00062237-00062442": "relation simply in virtue of its", "o-a74RU9nJY-00258-00062444-00062592": "resemblance to other resemblance", "o-a74RU9nJY-00259-00062594-00062863": "relations this generates an infinite", "o-a74RU9nJY-00260-00062864-00063049": "regress but many argue that it is not", "o-a74RU9nJY-00261-00063050-00063298": "vicious class nominalism argues that", "o-a74RU9nJY-00262-00063299-00063502": "class membership forms the metaphysical", "o-a74RU9nJY-00263-00063503-00063727": "backing for property relationships to", "o-a74RU9nJY-00264-00063728-00063949": "particular red balls share a property in", "o-a74RU9nJY-00265-00063950-00064116": "that they are both members of classes", "o-a74RU9nJY-00266-00064117-00064339": "corresponding to their properties that", "o-a74RU9nJY-00267-00064340-00064617": "of being red and being balls a version", "o-a74RU9nJY-00268-00064619-00064819": "of class nominalism that see some", "o-a74RU9nJY-00269-00064820-00065154": "classes as natural classes is held by", "o-a74RU9nJY-00270-00065155-00065359": "Anthony Quintin conceptualism as a", "o-a74RU9nJY-00271-00065360-00065554": "philosophical theory that explains", "o-a74RU9nJY-00272-00065555-00065740": "universality of particulars as", "o-a74RU9nJY-00273-00065741-00065944": "conceptualized frameworks situated", "o-a74RU9nJY-00274-00065945-00066130": "within the thinking mind the", "o-a74RU9nJY-00275-00066131-00066310": "conceptualist view approaches the", "o-a74RU9nJY-00276-00066311-00066538": "metaphysical concept of universals from", "o-a74RU9nJY-00277-00066539-00066727": "a perspective that denies their presence", "o-a74RU9nJY-00278-00066728-00066898": "in particulars outside of the minds", "o-a74RU9nJY-00279-00066899-00067081": "perception of them another form of", "o-a74RU9nJY-00280-00067082-00067276": "nominalism as trope nominalism", "o-a74RU9nJY-00281-00067277-00067540": "a trope is a particular instance of a", "o-a74RU9nJY-00282-00067541-00067741": "property like the specific greenness of", "o-a74RU9nJY-00283-00067742-00067975": "a shirt one might argue that there is a", "o-a74RU9nJY-00284-00067976-00068203": "primitive objective resemblance relation", "o-a74RU9nJY-00285-00068204-00068355": "that holds among liked ropes", "o-a74RU9nJY-00286-00068356-00068587": "another route is to argue that all", "o-a74RU9nJY-00287-00068588-00068758": "apparent tropes are constructed out of", "o-a74RU9nJY-00288-00068759-00068932": "more primitive tropes and that the most", "o-a74RU9nJY-00289-00068933-00069103": "primitive tropes are the entities of", "o-a74RU9nJY-00290-00069104-00069343": "complete physics primitive trope", "o-a74RU9nJY-00291-00069344-00069529": "resemblance may thus be accounted for in", "o-a74RU9nJY-00292-00069530-00069640": "terms of causal in", "o-a74RU9nJY-00293-00069641-00069979": "bility two tropes are exactly resembling", "o-a74RU9nJY-00294-00069980-00070161": "if substituting one for the other would", "o-a74RU9nJY-00295-00070162-00070318": "make no difference to the events in", "o-a74RU9nJY-00296-00070319-00070555": "which they are taking part varying", "o-a74RU9nJY-00297-00070556-00070735": "degrees of resemblance at the macro", "o-a74RU9nJY-00298-00070736-00070909": "level can be explained by varying", "o-a74RU9nJY-00299-00070910-00071088": "degrees of resemblance at the micro", "o-a74RU9nJY-00300-00071089-00071284": "level and micro level resemblances", "o-a74RU9nJY-00301-00071285-00071485": "explained in terms of something no less", "o-a74RU9nJY-00302-00071486-00071687": "robustly physical than causal power", "o-a74RU9nJY-00303-00071688-00071959": "David Armstrong perhaps the most", "o-a74RU9nJY-00304-00071960-00072186": "prominent contemporary realist argues", "o-a74RU9nJY-00305-00072187-00072373": "that such a trope based variant of", "o-a74RU9nJY-00306-00072374-00072598": "nominalism has promise but holds that it", "o-a74RU9nJY-00307-00072599-00072768": "is unable to account for the laws of", "o-a74RU9nJY-00308-00072769-00072912": "nature in the way his theory of", "o-a74RU9nJY-00309-00072913-00073135": "universals can Ian hacking has also", "o-a74RU9nJY-00310-00073136-00073279": "argued that much of what is called", "o-a74RU9nJY-00311-00073280-00073488": "social constructionism of science in", "o-a74RU9nJY-00312-00073489-00073723": "contemporary times is actually motivated", "o-a74RU9nJY-00313-00073724-00073936": "by an unstated nominalist metaphysical", "o-a74RU9nJY-00314-00073937-00074163": "view for this reason he claims", "o-a74RU9nJY-00315-00074164-00074398": "scientists and constructionists tend to", "o-a74RU9nJY-00316-00074399-00075043": "shout past each other", "o-a74RU9nJY-00317-00075044-00075324": "topic analytic philosophy and", "o-a74RU9nJY-00318-00075325-00075706": "mathematics", "o-a74RU9nJY-00319-00075707-00075925": "a notion that philosophy especially", "o-a74RU9nJY-00320-00075926-00076132": "ontology and the philosophy of", "o-a74RU9nJY-00321-00076133-00076321": "mathematics should abstain from set", "o-a74RU9nJY-00322-00076322-00076489": "theory owes much to the writings of", "o-a74RU9nJY-00323-00076490-00076702": "Nelson Goodman see especially Goodman", "o-a74RU9nJY-00324-00076703-00076999": "nineteen forty in 1977 who argued that", "o-a74RU9nJY-00325-00077000-00077236": "concrete and abstract entities having no", "o-a74RU9nJY-00326-00077237-00077466": "parts called individuals exist", "o-a74RU9nJY-00327-00077467-00077704": "collections of individuals likewise", "o-a74RU9nJY-00328-00077705-00077899": "exist but two collections having the", "o-a74RU9nJY-00329-00077900-00078114": "same individuals are the same collection", "o-a74RU9nJY-00330-00078115-00078376": "goodman was himself drawing heavily on", "o-a74RU9nJY-00331-00078377-00078534": "the work of Stanislaw Lesneski", "o-a74RU9nJY-00332-00078535-00078775": "especially his me rheology which was", "o-a74RU9nJY-00333-00078776-00078973": "itself a reaction to the paradoxes", "o-a74RU9nJY-00334-00078974-00079185": "associated with cantorian set theory", "o-a74RU9nJY-00335-00079186-00079471": "less Nevsky denied the existence of the", "o-a74RU9nJY-00336-00079472-00079666": "empty set and held that any singleton", "o-a74RU9nJY-00337-00079667-00079861": "was identical to the individual inside", "o-a74RU9nJY-00338-00079862-00080125": "it classes corresponding to what are", "o-a74RU9nJY-00339-00080126-00080299": "held to be species or general are", "o-a74RU9nJY-00340-00080300-00080449": "concrete sums of their concrete", "o-a74RU9nJY-00341-00080450-00080782": "constituting individuals for example the", "o-a74RU9nJY-00342-00080783-00080983": "class of philosophers is nothing but the", "o-a74RU9nJY-00343-00080984-00081163": "sum of all concrete individual", "o-a74RU9nJY-00344-00081164-00081427": "philosophers the principle of", "o-a74RU9nJY-00345-00081428-00081652": "extensionality and set theory assures us", "o-a74RU9nJY-00346-00081653-00081859": "that any matching pair of curly braces", "o-a74RU9nJY-00347-00081860-00082087": "enclosing one or more instances of the", "o-a74RU9nJY-00348-00082088-00082288": "same individuals denote the same set", "o-a74RU9nJY-00349-00082289-00082807": "pence a b b a a b a b are all the same", "o-a74RU9nJY-00350-00082808-00083092": "set for goodman and other nominal lists", "o-a74RU9nJY-00351-00083093-00083515": "a b is also identical to a b b a b and", "o-a74RU9nJY-00352-00083516-00083731": "any combination of matching curly braces", "o-a74RU9nJY-00353-00083732-00083968": "and one or more instances of a and b as", "o-a74RU9nJY-00354-00083969-00084139": "long as a and b are names of individuals", "o-a74RU9nJY-00355-00084140-00084393": "and not of collections of individuals", "o-a74RU9nJY-00356-00084394-00084637": "Goodman Richard Milton Martin and", "o-a74RU9nJY-00357-00084638-00084853": "Willard Kline all advocated reasoning", "o-a74RU9nJY-00358-00084854-00085027": "about collectivities by means of the", "o-a74RU9nJY-00359-00085028-00085219": "theory of virtual sets see especially", "o-a74RU9nJY-00360-00085220-00085540": "Kline 1969 one making possible all", "o-a74RU9nJY-00361-00085541-00085762": "elementary operations on sets except", "o-a74RU9nJY-00362-00085763-00085909": "that the universe of a quantified", "o-a74RU9nJY-00363-00085910-00086143": "variable cannot contain any virtual sets", "o-a74RU9nJY-00364-00086144-00086400": "in the foundation of mathematics", "o-a74RU9nJY-00365-00086401-00086611": "nominalism has come to mean doing", "o-a74RU9nJY-00366-00086612-00086800": "mathematics without assuming that sets", "o-a74RU9nJY-00367-00086801-00087021": "in the mathematical sense exist in", "o-a74RU9nJY-00368-00087022-00087253": "practice this means that quantified", "o-a74RU9nJY-00369-00087254-00087466": "variables may range over universes of", "o-a74RU9nJY-00370-00087467-00087688": "numbers points primitive ordered pairs", "o-a74RU9nJY-00371-00087689-00087844": "and other abstract ontological", "o-a74RU9nJY-00372-00087845-00088057": "primitives but not over sets whose", "o-a74RU9nJY-00373-00088058-00088321": "members are such individuals to date", "o-a74RU9nJY-00374-00088322-00088546": "only a small fraction of the corpus of", "o-a74RU9nJY-00375-00088547-00088726": "modern mathematics can be read arrived", "o-a74RU9nJY-00376-00088727-00089021": "in a nominal istic fashion", "o-a74RU9nJY-00377-00089022-00089372": "you", "o-a74RU9nJY-00378-00089373-00089912": "topic criticisms", "o-a74RU9nJY-00379-00089913-00090147": "critique of the historical origins of", "o-a74RU9nJY-00380-00090148-00090329": "the term is a category of late medieval", "o-a74RU9nJY-00381-00090330-00090569": "thought the concept of nominalism has", "o-a74RU9nJY-00382-00090570-00090842": "been increasingly queried traditionally", "o-a74RU9nJY-00383-00090843-00091071": "the 14th century has been regarded as", "o-a74RU9nJY-00384-00091072-00091262": "the heyday of nominalism with figures", "o-a74RU9nJY-00385-00091263-00091448": "such as John buritan and William of", "o-a74RU9nJY-00386-00091449-00091712": "Occam viewed as founding figures however", "o-a74RU9nJY-00387-00091713-00091961": "the concept of nominalism as a movement", "o-a74RU9nJY-00388-00091962-00092201": "generally contrasted with realism first", "o-a74RU9nJY-00389-00092202-00092393": "emerged only in the late 14th century", "o-a74RU9nJY-00390-00092394-00092603": "and only gradually became widespread", "o-a74RU9nJY-00391-00092604-00092909": "during the 15th century the notion of", "o-a74RU9nJY-00392-00092910-00093125": "two distinct ways a via Antiqua", "o-a74RU9nJY-00393-00093126-00093329": "associated with realism and a via", "o-a74RU9nJY-00394-00093330-00093536": "moderna associated with nominalism", "o-a74RU9nJY-00395-00093537-00093794": "became widespread only in the later 15th", "o-a74RU9nJY-00396-00093795-00094025": "century a dispute which eventually dried", "o-a74RU9nJY-00397-00094026-00094229": "up in the 16th century aware that", "o-a74RU9nJY-00398-00094230-00094424": "explicit thinking in terms of a divide", "o-a74RU9nJY-00399-00094425-00094661": "between nominalism and realism only", "o-a74RU9nJY-00400-00094662-00094890": "emerged in the 15th century scholars", "o-a74RU9nJY-00401-00094891-00095060": "have increasingly questioned whether a", "o-a74RU9nJY-00402-00095061-00095306": "14th century school of nominalism can", "o-a74RU9nJY-00403-00095307-00095555": "really be said to have existed while one", "o-a74RU9nJY-00404-00095556-00095732": "might speak of family resemblances", "o-a74RU9nJY-00405-00095733-00095972": "between akhom Puritan Marsellus and", "o-a74RU9nJY-00406-00095973-00096128": "others there are also striking", "o-a74RU9nJY-00407-00096129-00096407": "differences more fundamentally Robert", "o-a74RU9nJY-00408-00096408-00096617": "Paz now has questioned whether any kind", "o-a74RU9nJY-00409-00096618-00096791": "of coherent body of thought that could", "o-a74RU9nJY-00410-00096792-00096996": "be called nominalism can be discerned in", "o-a74RU9nJY-00411-00096997-00097265": "14th century writing this makes it", "o-a74RU9nJY-00412-00097266-00097451": "difficult it has been argued to follow", "o-a74RU9nJY-00413-00097452-00097637": "the 20th century narrative which", "o-a74RU9nJY-00414-00097638-00097862": "portrayed late scholastic philosophy as", "o-a74RU9nJY-00415-00097863-00098066": "a dispute which emerged in the 14th", "o-a74RU9nJY-00416-00098067-00098228": "century between the via moderna", "o-a74RU9nJY-00417-00098229-00098498": "nominalism and the via Antiqua realism", "o-a74RU9nJY-00418-00098499-00098697": "with the nominalist ideas of William of", "o-a74RU9nJY-00419-00098698-00098867": "Ockham foreshadowing the eventual", "o-a74RU9nJY-00420-00098868-00099098": "rejection of scholasticism in the 17th", "o-a74RU9nJY-00421-00099099-00099374": "century critique of nominalist", "o-a74RU9nJY-00422-00099375-00099557": "reconstructions in mathematics a", "o-a74RU9nJY-00423-00099558-00099755": "critique of nominalist reconstructions", "o-a74RU9nJY-00424-00099756-00099994": "in mathematics was undertaken by Burgess", "o-a74RU9nJY-00425-00099995-00100448": "1983 and Burgess and Rosen 1997 Burgess", "o-a74RU9nJY-00426-00100449-00100637": "distinguished two types of nominalist", "o-a74RU9nJY-00427-00100638-00100865": "reconstructions thus hermeneutic", "o-a74RU9nJY-00428-00100866-00101066": "nominalism as the hypothesis that", "o-a74RU9nJY-00429-00101067-00101271": "science properly interpreted already", "o-a74RU9nJY-00430-00101272-00101503": "dispenses with mathematical objects", "o-a74RU9nJY-00431-00101504-00101794": "entities such as numbers and sets", "o-a74RU9nJY-00432-00101795-00102086": "meanwhile revolutionary nominalism is", "o-a74RU9nJY-00433-00102087-00102260": "the project of replacing current", "o-a74RU9nJY-00434-00102261-00102452": "scientific theories by alternatives", "o-a74RU9nJY-00435-00102453-00102699": "dispensing with mathematical objects see", "o-a74RU9nJY-00436-00102700-00102980": "Burgess 1983 P 96", "o-a74RU9nJY-00437-00102981-00103272": "a recent study extends the Burgess E and", "o-a74RU9nJY-00438-00103273-00103304": "crit", "o-a74RU9nJY-00439-00103305-00103517": "to three nominal istic reconstructions", "o-a74RU9nJY-00440-00103518-00103754": "the reconstruction of analysis by Georg", "o-a74RU9nJY-00441-00103755-00103955": "Cantor Richard Dedekind and Karl", "o-a74RU9nJY-00442-00103956-00104114": "Weierstrass that dispensed with", "o-a74RU9nJY-00443-00104115-00104324": "infinitesimals the constructivist tree", "o-a74RU9nJY-00444-00104325-00104501": "reconstruction of Weierstrass Ian's", "o-a74RU9nJY-00445-00104502-00104735": "analysis by Arab Bishop that dispensed", "o-a74RU9nJY-00446-00104736-00104919": "with the law of excluded middle and the", "o-a74RU9nJY-00447-00104920-00105140": "hermeneutic reconstruction by Carl Boyer", "o-a74RU9nJY-00448-00105141-00105372": "Judith graben ur and others of cauchy's", "o-a74RU9nJY-00449-00105373-00105597": "foundational contribution to analysis", "o-a74RU9nJY-00450-00105598-00105728": "that dispensed with cauchy's", "o-a74RU9nJY-00451-00105729-00106329": "infinitesimals", "o-a74RU9nJY-00452-00106330-00106866": "topic see also", "o-a74RU9nJY-00453-00106867-00107264": "abstraction abstract object", "o-a74RU9nJY-00454-00107265-00107792": "conceptualism concrete philosophy idea", "o-a74RU9nJY-00455-00107793-00108168": "ideas have consequences linguistic", "o-a74RU9nJY-00456-00108169-00108626": "relativity literary nominalism object", "o-a74RU9nJY-00457-00108627-00108993": "problem of universals psychological", "o-a74RU9nJY-00458-00108994-00109452": "nominalism realism philosophy school of", "o-a74RU9nJY-00459-00109453-00109863": "names substantial form universal", "o-a74RU9nJY-00460-00109864-00110535": "metaphysics William of Occam", "o-a74RU9nJY-00461-00110536-00111049": "topic notes", "o-a74RU9nJY-00462-00111050-00111278": "topic references and further reading", "o-a74RU9nJY-00463-00111279-00111581": "Adams Marilyn McCord William of Occam", "o-a74RU9nJY-00464-00111582-00111839": "two volumes Notre Dame in Notre Dame", "o-a74RU9nJY-00465-00111840-00112244": "University Press 1987 American Heritage", "o-a74RU9nJY-00466-00112245-00112439": "Dictionary of the English language", "o-a74RU9nJY-00467-00112440-00112822": "fourth edition mm bore has Jorge Luis", "o-a74RU9nJY-00468-00112823-00113204": "1960 de los allegory is a lost novellas", "o-a74RU9nJY-00469-00113205-00113661": "in otras and quizzes Sione's PG 153 256", "o-a74RU9nJY-00470-00113663-00114041": "burgess John 1983 why I am NOT a", "o-a74RU9nJY-00471-00114042-00114395": "nominalist Notre Dame J formal logic 24", "o-a74RU9nJY-00472-00114396-00114902": "number 193 to 105 burgess John and Rosen", "o-a74RU9nJY-00473-00114903-00114965": "Gideon", "o-a74RU9nJY-00474-00114966-00115346": "1997 a subject with no object Princeton", "o-a74RU9nJY-00475-00115347-00115442": "University Press", "o-a74RU9nJY-00476-00115443-00115718": "Curtin a William J Adam whoa Tom an", "o-a74RU9nJY-00477-00115719-00115907": "introduction to his life and writings", "o-a74RU9nJY-00478-00115908-00116369": "light an EJ brill 1978 fybel Minh James", "o-a74RU9nJY-00479-00116370-00116771": "K 1962 nominalism in dictionary of", "o-a74RU9nJY-00480-00116772-00116843": "philosophy", "o-a74RU9nJY-00481-00116844-00117175": "Dagobert dear uns Edie Totowa NJ", "o-a74RU9nJY-00482-00117176-00117491": "Littlefield Adams & Co link goodman", "o-a74RU9nJY-00483-00117492-00117811": "nelson 1977 the structure of appearance", "o-a74RU9nJY-00484-00117813-00118283": "3rd ed Kluwer hacking Ian 1999 the", "o-a74RU9nJY-00485-00118283-00118472": "social construction of what Harvard", "o-a74RU9nJY-00486-00118473-00118766": "University Press Karen Asadi Katz and", "o-a74RU9nJY-00487-00118767-00119035": "Mikhail G Katz 2011 a Burgess Ian", "o-a74RU9nJY-00488-00119036-00119243": "critique of nominal istic tendencies in", "o-a74RU9nJY-00489-00119244-00119414": "contemporary mathematics and its", "o-a74RU9nJY-00490-00119415-00119708": "historiography foundations of science", "o-a74RU9nJY-00491-00119708-00119999": "joy ten point one zero zero seven per", "o-a74RU9nJY-00492-00120000-00120290": "seconds 106 nine nine oh one one nine", "o-a74RU9nJY-00493-00120291-00120698": "two two three one Sealink mill j s 1872", "o-a74RU9nJY-00494-00120699-00121007": "an examination of William Hamilton's", "o-a74RU9nJY-00495-00121008-00121256": "philosophy fourth Edie chapter seventeen", "o-a74RU9nJY-00496-00121257-00121592": "a Behrman Heiko the harvest of medieval", 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logic", "o-a74RU9nJY-00510-00125828-00126188": "2nd ed Harvard University Press CH 1", "o-a74RU9nJY-00511-00126189-00126356": "includes the classic treatment of", "o-a74RU9nJY-00512-00126357-00126593": "virtual sets and relations a nominalist", "o-a74RU9nJY-00513-00126594-00126835": "alternative to set theory Robson John", "o-a74RU9nJY-00514-00126836-00127090": "Adam Wycliffe and the Oxford schools the", "o-a74RU9nJY-00515-00127091-00127283": "relation of the summa dente to", "o-a74RU9nJY-00516-00127283-00127489": "scholastic debates at Oxford in the late", "o-a74RU9nJY-00517-00127490-00127724": "14th century Cambridge England", "o-a74RU9nJY-00518-00127725-00128104": "Cambridge University Press 1961 Utz", "o-a74RU9nJY-00519-00128105-00128362": "Richard literary nominalism Oxford", "o-a74RU9nJY-00520-00128363-00128635": "Dictionary of the Middle Ages Edie", "o-a74RU9nJY-00521-00128636-00128959": "Robert E Bjork Oxford Oxford University", "o-a74RU9nJY-00522-00128960-00129502": "Press 2010 vol 3 P 1000 Russell Bertrand", "o-a74RU9nJY-00523-00129503-00129802": "1912 the world of universals in the", "o-a74RU9nJY-00524-00129803-00130058": "problems of philosophy Oxford University", "o-a74RU9nJY-00525-00130058-00130123": "Press", "o-a74RU9nJY-00526-00130124-00130561": "Williams DC 1953 on the elements of", "o-a74RU9nJY-00527-00130563-00130864": "being a review of metaphysics vol 17", "o-a74RU9nJY-00528-00130865-00131555": "PP 3 to 18", "o-a74RU9nJY-00529-00131556-00132254": "topic external links rodrigues Pereira", "o-a74RU9nJY-00530-00132255-00132623": "Gonzalo nominalism in metaphysics in", "o-a74RU9nJY-00531-00132624-00132854": "zalta Edward and Stanford encyclopedia", "o-a74RU9nJY-00532-00132855-00133039": "of philosophy", "o-a74RU9nJY-00533-00133040-00133511": "Morin annasophia tropes in zalta Edward", "o-a74RU9nJY-00534-00133512-00133846": "and Stanford encyclopedia of philosophy", "o-a74RU9nJY-00535-00133847-00134150": "universals entry by Mary C McCloud and", 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"perspicuous 2004"}}, {"audio_id": "o_dLWI7GULI", "text": {"o_dLWI7GULI-00000-00000456-00000663": "there are many gems from ancient", "o_dLWI7GULI-00001-00000664-00000911": "architecture which can be found nestled", "o_dLWI7GULI-00002-00000911-00001191": "amongst the mountains of peru one form", "o_dLWI7GULI-00003-00001192-00001415": "of these in which is a particularly", "o_dLWI7GULI-00004-00001416-00001639": "fascinating mystery is the different", "o_dLWI7GULI-00005-00001639-00001942": "types and sizes of polygonal masonry", "o_dLWI7GULI-00006-00001943-00002183": "found throughout this incredibly ancient", "o_dLWI7GULI-00007-00002184-00002310": "landscape", "o_dLWI7GULI-00008-00002311-00002615": "one such site once named by the inca", "o_dLWI7GULI-00009-00002616-00002942": "after the site namely rim octavo was", "o_dLWI7GULI-00010-00002943-00003231": "lima tabo now popularly known as", "o_dLWI7GULI-00011-00003232-00003367": "tarawazi", "o_dLWI7GULI-00012-00003368-00003615": "we feel the reason why this site is", "o_dLWI7GULI-00013-00003615-00003838": "rarely mentioned like the many other", "o_dLWI7GULI-00014-00003839-00004111": "archaeological and historical anomalies", "o_dLWI7GULI-00015-00004112-00004367": "we share on our channel rarely visited", "o_dLWI7GULI-00016-00004368-00004654": "or indeed studied is due to its truly", "o_dLWI7GULI-00017-00004655-00004967": "remarkable and we feel almost unique", "o_dLWI7GULI-00018-00004968-00005254": "polygonal methodology which can still be", "o_dLWI7GULI-00019-00005255-00005502": "found within the walls that make up this", "o_dLWI7GULI-00020-00005503-00005767": "little publicly shared ruin in addition", "o_dLWI7GULI-00021-00005768-00006054": "to its seemingly impossible nature a", "o_dLWI7GULI-00022-00006055-00006311": "mystery of construction no one to this", "o_dLWI7GULI-00023-00006312-00006639": "day seems to be able to decipher", "o_dLWI7GULI-00024-00006640-00006951": "found some 80 kilometers west of cusco", "o_dLWI7GULI-00025-00006952-00007191": "the site was used in antiquity as a", "o_dLWI7GULI-00026-00007192-00007495": "ceremonial center and a resting place", "o_dLWI7GULI-00027-00007495-00007695": "for the inca choskies", "o_dLWI7GULI-00028-00007695-00007974": "known as legendary inca runners ones who", "o_dLWI7GULI-00029-00007975-00008159": "would deliver messages by foot", "o_dLWI7GULI-00030-00008159-00008351": "throughout these mountainous regions", "o_dLWI7GULI-00031-00008352-00008678": "over long distances at incredible speed", "o_dLWI7GULI-00032-00008679-00008887": "yet with all the other remarkable", "o_dLWI7GULI-00033-00008888-00009183": "polygonal masonry found throughout peru", "o_dLWI7GULI-00034-00009184-00009414": "we feel that this site was merely", "o_dLWI7GULI-00035-00009415-00009678": "adapted by the inca and due to its", "o_dLWI7GULI-00036-00009679-00009871": "remarkable location and the", "o_dLWI7GULI-00037-00009872-00010078": "aforementioned unique polygonal", "o_dLWI7GULI-00038-00010079-00010351": "stonework present was also seen by the", "o_dLWI7GULI-00039-00010352-00010655": "inca as a significant location", "o_dLWI7GULI-00040-00010656-00010863": "the design of the site itself is", "o_dLWI7GULI-00041-00010864-00011167": "particularly peculiar and it does indeed", "o_dLWI7GULI-00042-00011168-00011438": "appear to have once been a ceremonial", "o_dLWI7GULI-00043-00011439-00011742": "site of some kind perhaps a tomb", "o_dLWI7GULI-00044-00011743-00012023": "yet what sort or indeed how these", "o_dLWI7GULI-00045-00012024-00012287": "polygonal sites were once constructed", "o_dLWI7GULI-00046-00012288-00012510": "remains a complete mystery", "o_dLWI7GULI-00047-00012511-00013024": "one which we find highly compelling", "o_dLWI7GULI-00048-00013025-00014839": "[Music]"}}, {"audio_id": "o_wNgQ2bNey", "text": {"o_wNgQ2bNey-00000-00001479-00001639": "double kill everybody knows that i'm", "o_wNgQ2bNey-00001-00001639-00001830": "breaking down everybody knows i ain't", "o_wNgQ2bNey-00002-00001832-00002023": "faking now everybody knows my heart's", "o_wNgQ2bNey-00003-00002023-00002199": "vacant now yeah she hates me now i made", "o_wNgQ2bNey-00004-00002200-00002367": "mistakes but now i don't ever want to be", "o_wNgQ2bNey-00005-00002368-00002567": "alone i don't really ever feel at home", "o_wNgQ2bNey-00006-00002568-00002758": "on my own in the zone that's the only", "o_wNgQ2bNey-00007-00002759-00002888": "way i know feeling low", "o_wNgQ2bNey-00008-00002889-00004303": "[Music]", "o_wNgQ2bNey-00009-00004304-00004519": "five seconds till the enemy reaches the", "o_wNgQ2bNey-00010-00004520-00004886": "battlefield smash them", "o_wNgQ2bNey-00011-00004887-00008284": "all troops deployed", "o_wNgQ2bNey-00012-00008285-00011287": "[Music]", "o_wNgQ2bNey-00013-00011288-00014038": "an enemy has been flamed", "o_wNgQ2bNey-00014-00014040-00014991": "you have been", "o_wNgQ2bNey-00015-00014991-00016954": "okay", "o_wNgQ2bNey-00016-00016955-00017750": "[Music]", "o_wNgQ2bNey-00017-00017751-00018319": "initiate", "o_wNgQ2bNey-00018-00018320-00019419": "an enemy retreat been", "o_wNgQ2bNey-00019-00019420-00021030": "slain an enemy", "o_wNgQ2bNey-00020-00021031-00022039": "an enemy", "o_wNgQ2bNey-00021-00022040-00023791": "is not ready", "o_wNgQ2bNey-00022-00023792-00024414": "foreign", "o_wNgQ2bNey-00023-00024415-00025702": "launch attack", "o_wNgQ2bNey-00024-00025704-00026630": "an enemy has been flamed", "o_wNgQ2bNey-00025-00026631-00026983": "[Music]", "o_wNgQ2bNey-00026-00026983-00028887": "an enemy has been slain launch attacks", "o_wNgQ2bNey-00027-00028888-00029990": "okay", "o_wNgQ2bNey-00028-00029991-00031007": "has been destroyed", "o_wNgQ2bNey-00029-00031008-00032283": "double", "o_wNgQ2bNey-00030-00032283-00033871": "kill killing sprees", "o_wNgQ2bNey-00031-00033872-00036367": "attack the turtle", "o_wNgQ2bNey-00032-00036368-00038679": "the turtle", "o_wNgQ2bNey-00033-00038680-00039372": "your team destroyed the turret", "o_wNgQ2bNey-00034-00039373-00040087": "[Music]", "o_wNgQ2bNey-00035-00040088-00041495": "foreign", "o_wNgQ2bNey-00036-00041496-00042215": "tonight", "o_wNgQ2bNey-00037-00042216-00042439": "initiate retreat", "o_wNgQ2bNey-00038-00042440-00044504": "mega kill", "o_wNgQ2bNey-00039-00044505-00047679": "[Music]", "o_wNgQ2bNey-00040-00047680-00048455": "mega kill", "o_wNgQ2bNey-00041-00048456-00049477": "attack the turtle", "o_wNgQ2bNey-00042-00049478-00049967": "[Music]", "o_wNgQ2bNey-00043-00049968-00051030": "foreign", "o_wNgQ2bNey-00044-00051031-00054287": "is", "o_wNgQ2bNey-00045-00054288-00055999": "has been destroyed", "o_wNgQ2bNey-00046-00056000-00057638": "our turret is", "o_wNgQ2bNey-00047-00057639-00059647": "enemy rampage monster kill", "o_wNgQ2bNey-00048-00059648-00060230": "your team destroyed a turret", "o_wNgQ2bNey-00049-00060232-00061303": "highest", "o_wNgQ2bNey-00050-00061304-00061799": "our turret has been destroyed", "o_wNgQ2bNey-00051-00061800-00064191": "our turret is under attack", "o_wNgQ2bNey-00052-00064191-00064671": "enemies", "o_wNgQ2bNey-00053-00064672-00067282": "foreign", "o_wNgQ2bNey-00054-00067283-00067471": "is", "o_wNgQ2bNey-00055-00067472-00068399": "shut down", "o_wNgQ2bNey-00056-00068400-00069367": "you have slain an enemy", "o_wNgQ2bNey-00057-00069368-00071135": "foreign", "o_wNgQ2bNey-00058-00071136-00071703": "an ally has been slain", "o_wNgQ2bNey-00059-00071704-00072281": "your team destroyed a turret", "o_wNgQ2bNey-00060-00072282-00074103": "[Music]", "o_wNgQ2bNey-00061-00074104-00074232": "me", "o_wNgQ2bNey-00062-00074233-00075084": "[Music]", "o_wNgQ2bNey-00063-00075085-00075487": "[Music]", "o_wNgQ2bNey-00064-00075488-00075799": "an enemy has been", "o_wNgQ2bNey-00065-00075800-00077823": "ally has been", "o_wNgQ2bNey-00066-00077824-00079879": "has been slain", "o_wNgQ2bNey-00067-00079880-00080615": "foreign", "o_wNgQ2bNey-00068-00080616-00082087": "an enemy has been slain", "o_wNgQ2bNey-00069-00082088-00082399": "is", "o_wNgQ2bNey-00070-00082400-00085303": "[Music]", "o_wNgQ2bNey-00071-00085304-00085566": "me", "o_wNgQ2bNey-00072-00085567-00086438": "[Music]", "o_wNgQ2bNey-00073-00086439-00088015": "attack", "o_wNgQ2bNey-00074-00088016-00089247": "initiate retreat", "o_wNgQ2bNey-00075-00089248-00089911": "our turret is under attack", "o_wNgQ2bNey-00076-00089912-00091326": "our turret has been destroyed", "o_wNgQ2bNey-00077-00091327-00092159": "[Music]", "o_wNgQ2bNey-00078-00092160-00093887": "ah", "o_wNgQ2bNey-00079-00093888-00094894": "wait", "o_wNgQ2bNey-00080-00094895-00096799": "is", "o_wNgQ2bNey-00081-00096800-00099326": "you have slain an enemy", "o_wNgQ2bNey-00082-00099327-00101831": "is", "o_wNgQ2bNey-00083-00101832-00103486": "yes", "o_wNgQ2bNey-00084-00103488-00104582": "foreign", "o_wNgQ2bNey-00085-00104583-00105607": "foreign", "o_wNgQ2bNey-00086-00105608-00107871": "the enemy has been slain", "o_wNgQ2bNey-00087-00107872-00108211": "congratulations", "o_wNgQ2bNey-00088-00108213-00109207": "[Music]", "o_wNgQ2bNey-00089-00109208-00110407": "is", "o_wNgQ2bNey-00090-00110408-00111407": "killing spree", "o_wNgQ2bNey-00091-00111408-00111799": "retreat", "o_wNgQ2bNey-00092-00111800-00113215": "shut down", "o_wNgQ2bNey-00093-00113216-00115247": "your team destroyed a turret", "o_wNgQ2bNey-00094-00115248-00116919": "your team destroyed a turret", "o_wNgQ2bNey-00095-00116920-00118958": "killing spree", "o_wNgQ2bNey-00096-00118959-00120375": "request backup", "o_wNgQ2bNey-00097-00120376-00120966": "your team destroyed a turret", "o_wNgQ2bNey-00098-00120967-00121878": "your team destroyed a turret", "o_wNgQ2bNey-00099-00121879-00122671": "unstoppable", "o_wNgQ2bNey-00100-00122672-00122843": "victory", "o_wNgQ2bNey-00101-00122844-00124281": "[Music]", "o_wNgQ2bNey-00102-00124282-00124558": "[Music]", "o_wNgQ2bNey-00103-00124559-00124719": "and if you play that game then you just", "o_wNgQ2bNey-00104-00124720-00124943": "might make a change rearrange all them", "o_wNgQ2bNey-00105-00124944-00125207": "bad two okay take the worst start saying", "o_wNgQ2bNey-00106-00125208-00125447": "turn them to a game take the best stars", "o_wNgQ2bNey-00107-00125448-00125654": "and put them on display on repeat in", "o_wNgQ2bNey-00108-00125655-00125807": "your brain till you're feeling no more", "o_wNgQ2bNey-00109-00125808-00126040": "pain"}}, {"audio_id": "o_X26MKjAZE", "text": {"o_X26MKjAZE-00000-00000083-00000426": "[Music]", "o_X26MKjAZE-00001-00000426-00000609": "[Applause]", "o_X26MKjAZE-00002-00000610-00000715": "[Music]", "o_X26MKjAZE-00003-00000716-00000897": "[Applause]", "o_X26MKjAZE-00004-00000898-00002007": "[Music]", "o_X26MKjAZE-00005-00002007-00002199": "hello good evening", "o_X26MKjAZE-00006-00002200-00002431": "so my name is christopher i'm from", "o_X26MKjAZE-00007-00002432-00002926": "bangkok so today i am going to", "o_X26MKjAZE-00008-00002927-00003158": "make the", "o_X26MKjAZE-00009-00003159-00003295": "centauri", "o_X26MKjAZE-00010-00003296-00003670": "for dinner then the meal is will be", "o_X26MKjAZE-00011-00003671-00003806": "spicy", "o_X26MKjAZE-00012-00003807-00004111": "vermicelli salad with seafood", "o_X26MKjAZE-00013-00004112-00004399": "and this recipe is from the phuket", "o_X26MKjAZE-00014-00004400-00004535": "marian", "o_X26MKjAZE-00015-00004536-00004638": "so", "o_X26MKjAZE-00016-00004639-00004911": "the ingredients that i have is this is", "o_X26MKjAZE-00017-00004912-00005022": "like the", "o_X26MKjAZE-00018-00005023-00005286": "type of bronze that is is called the", "o_X26MKjAZE-00019-00005287-00005375": "shrimp", "o_X26MKjAZE-00020-00005376-00005551": "and this one here", "o_X26MKjAZE-00021-00005552-00005895": "is like the glass noodles and i have two", "o_X26MKjAZE-00022-00005896-00006015": "tomatoes", "o_X26MKjAZE-00023-00006016-00006263": "the onion i am going to slice them and", "o_X26MKjAZE-00024-00006264-00006486": "then we have a celery", "o_X26MKjAZE-00025-00006487-00006823": "and we also have the spring onion", "o_X26MKjAZE-00026-00006823-00007142": "and we have rice as well we can boil or", "o_X26MKjAZE-00027-00007143-00007463": "microwave them to put on the side and we", "o_X26MKjAZE-00028-00007464-00007655": "have the lime dressing", "o_X26MKjAZE-00029-00007656-00007887": "so i can make them spicy like bracing i", "o_X26MKjAZE-00030-00007888-00008151": "want with the chili powder so", "o_X26MKjAZE-00031-00008152-00009895": "let's get tea started", "o_X26MKjAZE-00032-00009896-00010223": "you so clear and how you make me smile", "o_X26MKjAZE-00033-00010224-00010463": "you know you make me smile", "o_X26MKjAZE-00034-00010464-00010574": "yeah", "o_X26MKjAZE-00035-00010575-00010823": "and now you make me smile oh baby how", "o_X26MKjAZE-00036-00010824-00011006": "you make me smile", "o_X26MKjAZE-00037-00011007-00012270": "smile more when i see you", "o_X26MKjAZE-00038-00012271-00012574": "we're going to do some cutting first i'm", "o_X26MKjAZE-00039-00012575-00012886": "going to be cutting the onion so we have", "o_X26MKjAZE-00040-00012887-00013030": "to slice it", "o_X26MKjAZE-00041-00013031-00013576": "let's slice", "o_X26MKjAZE-00042-00013577-00015235": "[Music]", "o_X26MKjAZE-00043-00015236-00015366": "[Applause]", "o_X26MKjAZE-00044-00015368-00015591": "next i am going to slice a couple of", "o_X26MKjAZE-00045-00015591-00016109": "tomatoes", "o_X26MKjAZE-00046-00016110-00016112": "[Applause]", "o_X26MKjAZE-00047-00016113-00017358": "[Music]", "o_X26MKjAZE-00048-00017359-00017535": "they're all sliced", "o_X26MKjAZE-00049-00017536-00017630": "so", "o_X26MKjAZE-00050-00017631-00017927": "i'll dump these in the mixing bowl", "o_X26MKjAZE-00051-00017928-00018014": "next", "o_X26MKjAZE-00052-00018015-00018191": "once they're cooked", "o_X26MKjAZE-00053-00018192-00018455": "fix the seafood and noodles in a bowl", "o_X26MKjAZE-00054-00018456-00018783": "with tomato onions just chinese cilantri", "o_X26MKjAZE-00055-00018784-00019047": "spring onions and burnt eye jelly", "o_X26MKjAZE-00056-00019048-00019230": "they're also including the lime", "o_X26MKjAZE-00057-00019231-00019407": "vinaigrette dressing", "o_X26MKjAZE-00058-00019408-00020183": "so", "o_X26MKjAZE-00059-00020184-00022358": "right here", "o_X26MKjAZE-00060-00022359-00022599": "the final thing is to cover with the", "o_X26MKjAZE-00061-00022600-00023750": "spicy drink blessing", "o_X26MKjAZE-00062-00023751-00023985": "the yamun central is finished", "o_X26MKjAZE-00063-00023986-00024494": "[Music]", "o_X26MKjAZE-00064-00024495-00024647": "thank you very much for watching i hope", "o_X26MKjAZE-00065-00024648-00024911": "you enjoyed this video about cooking for", "o_X26MKjAZE-00066-00024912-00025239": "yambungsen halle which is the", "o_X26MKjAZE-00067-00025240-00025583": "the spicy watermelon salad with the", "o_X26MKjAZE-00068-00025584-00025718": "seafood", "o_X26MKjAZE-00069-00025719-00025958": "and if you like more need more videos", "o_X26MKjAZE-00070-00025960-00026134": "please subscribe to my channel and stay", "o_X26MKjAZE-00071-00026135-00026231": "tuned", "o_X26MKjAZE-00072-00026232-00026414": "and have any thoughts please like", "o_X26MKjAZE-00073-00026416-00026590": "comment down below", "o_X26MKjAZE-00074-00026591-00026758": "and", "o_X26MKjAZE-00075-00026760-00027638": "and once again and see you so the cup", "o_X26MKjAZE-00076-00027639-00029207": "[Music]", "o_X26MKjAZE-00077-00029208-00029416": "you"}}, {"audio_id": "oA-bflOiogU", "text": {"oA-bflOiogU-00000-00005696-00008399": "what", "oA-bflOiogU-00001-00008400-00010655": "is", "oA-bflOiogU-00002-00010656-00011038": "what type of regalia were they wearing", "oA-bflOiogU-00003-00011039-00011335": "they were wearing", "oA-bflOiogU-00004-00011336-00011478": "um", "oA-bflOiogU-00005-00011479-00011735": "clothes i would say", "oA-bflOiogU-00006-00011736-00011999": "type of clothing", "oA-bflOiogU-00007-00012000-00012287": "they they use skins", "oA-bflOiogU-00008-00012288-00012503": "which are shredded", "oA-bflOiogU-00009-00012504-00012655": "into sort of", "oA-bflOiogU-00010-00012656-00012855": "shred like", "oA-bflOiogU-00011-00012856-00013175": "at knee length or a bit lower or a", "oA-bflOiogU-00012-00013176-00013422": "little bit above knee depending upon the", "oA-bflOiogU-00013-00013423-00013783": "edge but the aged people usually like", "oA-bflOiogU-00014-00013784-00014022": "that recare to be a little below their", "oA-bflOiogU-00015-00014023-00014335": "knees so that when they dance", "oA-bflOiogU-00016-00014336-00014430": "well", "oA-bflOiogU-00017-00014431-00014719": "the shaking of their body makes them", "oA-bflOiogU-00018-00014719-00015015": "look a little more interesting to the", "oA-bflOiogU-00019-00015016-00015263": "onlookers and what they put on their", "oA-bflOiogU-00020-00015263-00015494": "heads", "oA-bflOiogU-00021-00015495-00015943": "it's what makes them more lovelier than", "oA-bflOiogU-00022-00015944-00016143": "the lower dressing", "oA-bflOiogU-00023-00016144-00016468": "all right"}}, {"audio_id": "oA_wdrvDT5o", "text": {"oA_wdrvDT5o-00000-00000003-00000305": "you're here Agent Coulson shield it", "oA_wdrvDT5o-00001-00000306-00000409": "comes to save us", "oA_wdrvDT5o-00002-00000411-00000653": "yeah just to clarify where is here who", "oA_wdrvDT5o-00003-00000654-00001089": "is us and from what", "oA_wdrvDT5o-00004-00001090-00002431": "[Music]", "oA_wdrvDT5o-00005-00002432-00002614": "floater spaceship you know the answer to", "oA_wdrvDT5o-00006-00002615-00003070": "that question", "oA_wdrvDT5o-00007-00003071-00003493": "they want us to call the editor one", "oA_wdrvDT5o-00008-00003494-00004163": "submission", "oA_wdrvDT5o-00009-00004164-00004377": "it's the best way to cover the most", "oA_wdrvDT5o-00010-00004378-00004512": "ground that's exactly what they said", "oA_wdrvDT5o-00011-00004513-00004665": "before they get picked off on someone", "oA_wdrvDT5o-00012-00004666-00005037": "you know the first won't be Marvel's", "oA_wdrvDT5o-00013-00005038-00005322": "agents of shield returns on a new night", "oA_wdrvDT5o-00014-00005323-00005688": "Friday starting December 1st", "oA_wdrvDT5o-00015-00005689-00005973": "on ABC"}}, {"audio_id": "oAIaZBeclNM", "text": {"oAIaZBeclNM-00000-00000258-00000579": "hello atrophy comment to forget after", "oAIaZBeclNM-00001-00000580-00000827": "two antique phone on ceramic a 50-point", "oAIaZBeclNM-00002-00000827-00001119": "in the high taking center inviting armed", "oAIaZBeclNM-00003-00001120-00001400": "via tests Vita steamy time a loop the", "oAIaZBeclNM-00004-00001401-00001689": "steam of Argos key the sister it was as", "oAIaZBeclNM-00005-00001689-00001863": "you shown a mark that the poor Eva", "oAIaZBeclNM-00006-00001864-00002106": "Cartier he had known twas so in the", "oAIaZBeclNM-00007-00002107-00002490": "impure Kish on a machine welcome home", "oAIaZBeclNM-00008-00002491-00002805": "hiding casters Canada Pascal Kahoolawe", "oAIaZBeclNM-00009-00002806-00003057": "is wishfully Bahia had in Burien", "oAIaZBeclNM-00010-00003058-00003390": "fugitive das deputies Tootie Montana so", "oAIaZBeclNM-00011-00003390-00003618": "stupid in feeling fashion and Linden", "oAIaZBeclNM-00012-00003619-00003848": "packed it yet they all treated said", "oAIaZBeclNM-00013-00003849-00004118": "Fenian hasta Pattie and Hattie Hinton", "oAIaZBeclNM-00014-00004119-00004431": "Laden from for the section of the", "oAIaZBeclNM-00015-00004432-00004670": "steamer bag especially shi'ite Hatake", "oAIaZBeclNM-00016-00004671-00004841": "flashed and the University in Halifax", "oAIaZBeclNM-00017-00004842-00005120": "but in the knee wanted a bet at every", "oAIaZBeclNM-00018-00005121-00005538": "moment won't help to Tizen team of Argos", "oAIaZBeclNM-00019-00005539-00005747": "offs and a postgraduate cozy up tearing", "oAIaZBeclNM-00020-00005748-00005996": "feeling for children Linden embittered", "oAIaZBeclNM-00021-00005997-00006252": "yet leafy common Pascale welcome and", "oAIaZBeclNM-00022-00006253-00006534": "thank you for accepting to attend our", "oAIaZBeclNM-00023-00006534-00006749": "cafe steel point and to come for a", "oAIaZBeclNM-00024-00006750-00007060": "webinar and a short presentation tonight", "oAIaZBeclNM-00025-00007061-00007278": "thank you very much Rima and very", "oAIaZBeclNM-00026-00007279-00007545": "honored that I will give you this", "oAIaZBeclNM-00027-00007545-00008133": "presentation for you Canada is five hour", "oAIaZBeclNM-00028-00008134-00008381": "has got five hours time difference but", "oAIaZBeclNM-00029-00008382-00008699": "it's the better direction a few weeks", "oAIaZBeclNM-00030-00008700-00008939": "ago I had Michael Mulholland from Sydney", "oAIaZBeclNM-00031-00008940-00009263": "here here with me and he had to get up", "oAIaZBeclNM-00032-00009264-00009567": "at five in the morning to to join us for", "oAIaZBeclNM-00033-00009568-00009837": "the evening in Europe so Canada is quite", "oAIaZBeclNM-00034-00009838-00010367": "convenient actually I just introduced", "oAIaZBeclNM-00035-00010368-00010530": "you a little bit I told people that you", "oAIaZBeclNM-00036-00010531-00010824": "come from Belgium how does it Belgian", "oAIaZBeclNM-00037-00010825-00011163": "osteopath end up in Halifax or near hell", "oAIaZBeclNM-00038-00011164-00011487": "effects in Canada how did you get here", "oAIaZBeclNM-00039-00011488-00011966": "and why all right so to make sure before", "oAIaZBeclNM-00040-00011967-00012398": "I came here I was in South of France and", "oAIaZBeclNM-00041-00012399-00013091": "I was teaching there in the College of", "oAIaZBeclNM-00042-00013092-00013332": "Osteopathic in a venir in sort of France", "oAIaZBeclNM-00043-00013333-00013374": "if", "oAIaZBeclNM-00044-00013375-00013779": "yeah and I was teaching neurology there", "oAIaZBeclNM-00045-00013780-00014163": "and neuro semiology", "oAIaZBeclNM-00046-00014163-00014652": "over there and and practicing as well", "oAIaZBeclNM-00047-00014653-00015381": "over there and and then suddenly I kept", "oAIaZBeclNM-00048-00015382-00015762": "in touch with a colleague also was", "oAIaZBeclNM-00049-00015763-00016062": "honest about teaching there and I just", "oAIaZBeclNM-00050-00016063-00016281": "realized that he move with all his", "oAIaZBeclNM-00051-00016282-00016530": "family here in Canada not in Halifax and", "oAIaZBeclNM-00052-00016531-00016896": "other province next nextdoor and we have", "oAIaZBeclNM-00053-00016897-00017115": "a chart and it told me Pascal you have", "oAIaZBeclNM-00054-00017116-00017490": "to come here leave from us you have to", "oAIaZBeclNM-00055-00017491-00017739": "come here there is only few as two paths", "oAIaZBeclNM-00056-00017740-00018015": "here it's just starting building they", "oAIaZBeclNM-00057-00018016-00018234": "don't practice the same Osteopathy that", "oAIaZBeclNM-00058-00018235-00018453": "in Europe and you are graduate from", "oAIaZBeclNM-00059-00018454-00018825": "Europe and so patient they prefer to see", "oAIaZBeclNM-00060-00018826-00019050": "also had graduated from your obtained", "oAIaZBeclNM-00061-00019051-00019446": "from Canada and he told me we need", "oAIaZBeclNM-00062-00019447-00019671": "people like you here with your skills", "oAIaZBeclNM-00063-00019672-00020334": "and and I I mean number of experience 23", "oAIaZBeclNM-00064-00020335-00020547": "years practicing and I was thinking", "oAIaZBeclNM-00065-00020548-00020975": "about that and I say why not and", "oAIaZBeclNM-00066-00020976-00021339": "therefore I was looking for opportunity", "oAIaZBeclNM-00067-00021340-00021675": "and clinic here in artifacts was", "oAIaZBeclNM-00068-00021676-00022005": "interested to hire me therefore I made", "oAIaZBeclNM-00069-00022006-00022287": "the decision to come here and to develop", "oAIaZBeclNM-00070-00022288-00022850": "my business there they're very very", "oAIaZBeclNM-00071-00022851-00023144": "courageous to move to to to another", "oAIaZBeclNM-00072-00023145-00023472": "continent to to it and to a cold climate", "oAIaZBeclNM-00073-00023473-00023663": "from the South of France", "oAIaZBeclNM-00074-00023664-00023928": "yeah but you know I'm from bedroom right", "oAIaZBeclNM-00075-00023929-00024192": "originally used to bed wetter", "oAIaZBeclNM-00076-00024193-00024459": "oh yes and I used to live in Switzerland", "oAIaZBeclNM-00077-00024460-00024903": "so I'm used to the cold but before", "oAIaZBeclNM-00078-00024904-00025187": "France I used to live in the UAE and", "oAIaZBeclNM-00079-00025188-00025578": "this was very warm there I'm sure then", "oAIaZBeclNM-00080-00025579-00025827": "France and then here but not no I'm", "oAIaZBeclNM-00081-00025827-00026163": "staying here it's a beautiful country", "oAIaZBeclNM-00082-00026164-00026451": "and how did you get interested in the", "oAIaZBeclNM-00083-00026452-00026774": "Vegas", "oAIaZBeclNM-00084-00026775-00027239": "in France I was hiring in this garage of", "oAIaZBeclNM-00085-00027239-00027533": "Osteopathy in France to teach neurology", "oAIaZBeclNM-00086-00027533-00028020": "and neurosurgery and I was always", "oAIaZBeclNM-00087-00028022-00028418": "interested - about neurology because I", "oAIaZBeclNM-00088-00028419-00028841": "did my doctoral thesis at the time in", "oAIaZBeclNM-00089-00028842-00029008": "Switzerland in the department of news of", "oAIaZBeclNM-00090-00029010-00029438": "neurosurgery so no surgery in Neurology", "oAIaZBeclNM-00091-00029439-00029711": "so I knew a lot about neurology at that", "oAIaZBeclNM-00092-00029712-00029951": "time and I was very confident and then", "oAIaZBeclNM-00093-00029952-00030188": "and then teaching in France neurology", "oAIaZBeclNM-00094-00030189-00030595": "was very easy for me and at that time I", "oAIaZBeclNM-00095-00030597-00030929": "heard about vagus nerve stimulation but", "oAIaZBeclNM-00096-00030930-00031091": "they were talking only about the", "oAIaZBeclNM-00097-00031092-00031270": "invasive vagus nerve stimulation and I", "oAIaZBeclNM-00098-00031272-00031562": "was very interested about that and I did", "oAIaZBeclNM-00099-00031563-00032036": "a lot of article review try to", "oAIaZBeclNM-00100-00032037-00032306": "understand the mechanism and oh it works", "oAIaZBeclNM-00101-00032307-00032594": "and after it's just a common sense you", "oAIaZBeclNM-00102-00032595-00032822": "have to know your physiology and of", "oAIaZBeclNM-00103-00032823-00033187": "course and your anatomy and then I", "oAIaZBeclNM-00104-00033188-00034232": "decided to - to try to understand myself", "oAIaZBeclNM-00105-00034233-00034739": "by research so I published last year non", "oAIaZBeclNM-00106-00034740-00035231": "positive vagus nerve stimulation in in a", "oAIaZBeclNM-00107-00035232-00035594": "private medical center related to", "oAIaZBeclNM-00108-00035595-00036227": "anxiety - irritable bowel syndrome and -", "oAIaZBeclNM-00109-00036228-00036733": "chronic pain and I publish this article", "oAIaZBeclNM-00110-00036734-00037105": "so it took a while to do the research", "oAIaZBeclNM-00111-00037106-00037490": "with patient I had in the clinic and I", "oAIaZBeclNM-00112-00037491-00037664": "published in the Journal of neurology", "oAIaZBeclNM-00113-00037665-00038006": "and neural nets in at the end of last", "oAIaZBeclNM-00114-00038007-00038549": "year thank you we will try to get the", "oAIaZBeclNM-00115-00038550-00038765": "reference for your article and publish", "oAIaZBeclNM-00116-00038766-00039074": "it under the video so people can look it", "oAIaZBeclNM-00117-00039075-00039383": "up afterwards if they are interested", "oAIaZBeclNM-00118-00039384-00039810": "okay so the vagus nerve we discussed it", "oAIaZBeclNM-00119-00039811-00040226": "briefly before it's a huge subject which", "oAIaZBeclNM-00120-00040227-00040511": "parts are you teaching and what are we", "oAIaZBeclNM-00121-00040512-00040932": "going to hear today so about the vagus", "oAIaZBeclNM-00122-00040933-00041099": "nerve because I'm practicing the", "oAIaZBeclNM-00123-00041100-00041264": "non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation", "oAIaZBeclNM-00124-00041265-00041498": "respiration and have very very good", "oAIaZBeclNM-00125-00041499-00041876": "result to people they tried everything", "oAIaZBeclNM-00126-00041877-00042236": "before and with low result or taking", "oAIaZBeclNM-00127-00042237-00042507": "medication and side effect of medication", "oAIaZBeclNM-00128-00042508-00042911": "for very complex pathology that the", "oAIaZBeclNM-00129-00042912-00043061": "vagus nerve stimulation bring the", "oAIaZBeclNM-00130-00043062-00043513": "solution better than manual treatment", "oAIaZBeclNM-00131-00043514-00043829": "automatic treatment anyway the vagus", "oAIaZBeclNM-00132-00043830-00043998": "nerve can be approached in the body in", "oAIaZBeclNM-00133-00043999-00044477": "different parts and so what I am", "oAIaZBeclNM-00134-00044478-00044898": "teaching it's the relationship between", "oAIaZBeclNM-00135-00044899-00045279": "the vagus nerve as as the main part of", "oAIaZBeclNM-00136-00045280-00045569": "the parasympathetic nervous system so I", "oAIaZBeclNM-00137-00045570-00045977": "mean autonomic nervous system and it's", "oAIaZBeclNM-00138-00045978-00046313": "it's it's linked to neuron doctrinal", "oAIaZBeclNM-00139-00046314-00046685": "immunology so we learn more about the", "oAIaZBeclNM-00140-00046686-00047102": "vagus nerve and no we don't make any", "oAIaZBeclNM-00141-00047103-00047298": "difference now between the autonomic", "oAIaZBeclNM-00142-00047299-00047579": "nervous system and the neuro on the", "oAIaZBeclNM-00143-00047580-00047819": "crane immunological system they are just", "oAIaZBeclNM-00144-00047820-00048308": "linked and part together because the", "oAIaZBeclNM-00145-00048309-00048746": "vagus nerve is a very powerful or is a", "oAIaZBeclNM-00146-00048747-00049349": "key in in in is a key in in neuron that", "oAIaZBeclNM-00147-00049350-00049548": "we know immunology so this what I am", "oAIaZBeclNM-00148-00049549-00050167": "teaching and teaching what the mechanism", "oAIaZBeclNM-00149-00050168-00050618": "towards it in very detail so go I go to", "oAIaZBeclNM-00150-00050619-00050950": "even the the molecular aspect of it and", "oAIaZBeclNM-00151-00050951-00051302": "understand that the vagus nerve is not", "oAIaZBeclNM-00152-00051303-00051561": "on the acetylcholine at the end but it", "oAIaZBeclNM-00153-00051562-00051767": "can sensitize different", "oAIaZBeclNM-00154-00051768-00052196": "neurotransmitters and is also yes", "oAIaZBeclNM-00155-00052197-00052541": "receptors for many many", "oAIaZBeclNM-00156-00052541-00053060": "chemicals or mechanoreceptors or pain", "oAIaZBeclNM-00157-00053061-00053522": "receptors and other hormones and other", "oAIaZBeclNM-00158-00053523-00054175": "neurotransmitters and I show all this is", "oAIaZBeclNM-00159-00054176-00054527": "afterwards a very dependent to disease", "oAIaZBeclNM-00160-00054528-00054977": "and so today I will will make a talk", "oAIaZBeclNM-00161-00054978-00055322": "about the relationship between the vagus", "oAIaZBeclNM-00162-00055323-00055502": "nerve and the mechanism of disease", "oAIaZBeclNM-00163-00055503-00055862": "mm-hmm and I think you have some slides", "oAIaZBeclNM-00164-00055863-00056200": "prepared yes I do", "oAIaZBeclNM-00165-00056201-00056621": "so let's let's see if we are able to get", "oAIaZBeclNM-00166-00056622-00056975": "those slides on the screen all right so", "oAIaZBeclNM-00167-00056976-00057154": "we are talking about the vagus nerve and", "oAIaZBeclNM-00168-00057155-00057398": "make a needle of disease so this is a", "oAIaZBeclNM-00169-00057399-00057855": "general principle that is common to all", "oAIaZBeclNM-00170-00057857-00058220": "disease right so it's very easy because", "oAIaZBeclNM-00171-00058221-00058691": "all these share the same mechanism at", "oAIaZBeclNM-00172-00058691-00059191": "the end and we will see the relationship", "oAIaZBeclNM-00173-00059192-00059380": "between the vagus nerve and those", "oAIaZBeclNM-00174-00059382-00059752": "mechanism of these in a very general way", "oAIaZBeclNM-00175-00059753-00060278": "so the comment the common mechanism that", "oAIaZBeclNM-00176-00060279-00060578": "lead to DZ and which are in connection", "oAIaZBeclNM-00177-00060579-00060803": "with the vagus nerve here I talked about", "oAIaZBeclNM-00178-00060804-00061208": "three example but we can extend it to", "oAIaZBeclNM-00179-00061209-00061649": "auto immune disease other autoimmune", "oAIaZBeclNM-00180-00061650-00061916": "disease cancer is a autoimmune disease", "oAIaZBeclNM-00181-00061916-00062246": "Alzheimer as well right but we can", "oAIaZBeclNM-00182-00062247-00062504": "relate the same mechanism for depression", "oAIaZBeclNM-00183-00062504-00062716": "we can relate the same mechanism for", "oAIaZBeclNM-00184-00062717-00063227": "Crohn's disease for multiple sclerosis", "oAIaZBeclNM-00185-00063228-00064155": "and irritable bowel syndrome or other", "oAIaZBeclNM-00186-00064157-00064385": "autoimmune disorder", "oAIaZBeclNM-00187-00064386-00064907": "even sorry Aziz or whatsoever so here we", "oAIaZBeclNM-00188-00064908-00065104": "take an example about the cardiovascular", "oAIaZBeclNM-00189-00065105-00065446": "disease a cancer in our timer disease", "oAIaZBeclNM-00190-00065447-00065756": "because you will see that the mechanism", "oAIaZBeclNM-00191-00065757-00065915": "of disease", "oAIaZBeclNM-00192-00065916-00066440": "are related and are always the same", "oAIaZBeclNM-00193-00066441-00066784": "trigger that will lead to this kind of", "oAIaZBeclNM-00194-00066785-00067403": "disease showing here right so we know", "oAIaZBeclNM-00195-00067404-00067763": "also that apart from disease right there", "oAIaZBeclNM-00196-00067764-00068132": "is a the metabolic syndrome which it's a", "oAIaZBeclNM-00197-00068133-00068450": "cluster of risk factor that include", "oAIaZBeclNM-00198-00068451-00068813": "obesity as you know and this epidemia", "oAIaZBeclNM-00199-00068814-00069200": "eye blood pressure I probably say Mia", "oAIaZBeclNM-00200-00069201-00069716": "and those those cluster can also can be", "oAIaZBeclNM-00201-00069717-00069995": "considered as easy as such right because", "oAIaZBeclNM-00202-00069996-00070628": "we know that those dos cluster will", "oAIaZBeclNM-00203-00070629-00071134": "promote a system at systemic systemic", "oAIaZBeclNM-00204-00071135-00071531": "inflammatory response all right", "oAIaZBeclNM-00205-00071532-00071843": "but the vicious part is that also this", "oAIaZBeclNM-00206-00071844-00072248": "Matt are also risk factor for the the", "oAIaZBeclNM-00207-00072249-00072392": "other disease like cardiovascular", "oAIaZBeclNM-00208-00072393-00072650": "disease cancer and hard imereti sweets", "oAIaZBeclNM-00209-00072651-00072911": "right so the question after that is if", "oAIaZBeclNM-00210-00072912-00073169": "there is a common denominator that are", "oAIaZBeclNM-00211-00073170-00073376": "that could be related to the multiple", "oAIaZBeclNM-00212-00073377-00073739": "and lying physio pathological mechanism", "oAIaZBeclNM-00213-00073740-00074003": "that leads to those disease right and", "oAIaZBeclNM-00214-00074004-00074243": "then I will talk at the end of the", "oAIaZBeclNM-00215-00074244-00074707": "presentation if we can benefit from a", "oAIaZBeclNM-00216-00074708-00074969": "single non-invasive and inexpensive", "oAIaZBeclNM-00217-00074970-00075350": "method to to analyze and to indentify", "oAIaZBeclNM-00218-00075351-00075781": "people at risk and possibly by", "oAIaZBeclNM-00219-00075782-00076070": "appropriate treatment prevent those", "oAIaZBeclNM-00220-00076071-00076550": "disease so why the vagus nerve could be", "oAIaZBeclNM-00221-00076551-00076817": "the commanding don't denominator for for", "oAIaZBeclNM-00222-00076818-00077048": "those disease not only those three but", "oAIaZBeclNM-00223-00077049-00077390": "generally speaking right so because we", "oAIaZBeclNM-00224-00077391-00077615": "know this is by research at the week", "oAIaZBeclNM-00225-00077616-00077858": "activity of the vagus nerve let's say", "oAIaZBeclNM-00226-00077859-00078157": "low tone it's a risk factor for disease", "oAIaZBeclNM-00227-00078158-00078509": "so for example cardiovascular cancer and", "oAIaZBeclNM-00228-00078510-00078548": "here", "oAIaZBeclNM-00229-00078549-00078882": "Alzheimer disease right because", "oAIaZBeclNM-00230-00078883-00079288": "inadequate or a lower tone", "oAIaZBeclNM-00231-00079289-00079535": "of the vagal activity hacked as a risk", "oAIaZBeclNM-00232-00079536-00080122": "factor because it will exacerbate the", "oAIaZBeclNM-00233-00080123-00080506": "underlying mechanism that leads with", "oAIaZBeclNM-00234-00080507-00080806": "easy is right and what is those", "oAIaZBeclNM-00235-00080807-00081073": "mechanism it's very easy in Seoul always", "oAIaZBeclNM-00236-00081074-00081424": "the same inflammation oxidative stress", "oAIaZBeclNM-00237-00081425-00081849": "and excessive sympathetic nervous system", "oAIaZBeclNM-00238-00081850-00082243": "activity all right now the sympathetic", "oAIaZBeclNM-00239-00082244-00082450": "nervous system and the vagus nerve", "oAIaZBeclNM-00240-00082451-00082853": "toward the vagus nerve is the most part", "oAIaZBeclNM-00241-00082854-00083090": "of the parasympathetic nervous system", "oAIaZBeclNM-00242-00083091-00083293": "it's about 80 percent of the", "oAIaZBeclNM-00243-00083294-00083522": "parasympathetic nervous system so when", "oAIaZBeclNM-00244-00083523-00083716": "we talk about by sympathetic we can", "oAIaZBeclNM-00245-00083717-00084116": "always I mean say oh yeah I'm talking", "oAIaZBeclNM-00246-00084117-00084388": "about the vagus nerve actually and the", "oAIaZBeclNM-00247-00084389-00084592": "vagus nerve is so important because it's", "oAIaZBeclNM-00248-00084593-00084860": "you know that innervate almost owner or", "oAIaZBeclNM-00249-00084861-00085229": "organ in the body right and but also it", "oAIaZBeclNM-00250-00085230-00085663": "modulate directly and indirectly about", "oAIaZBeclNM-00251-00085664-00086017": "80 percent of the total volume of the", "oAIaZBeclNM-00252-00086018-00086515": "brain so it participate in in a lot of", "oAIaZBeclNM-00253-00086516-00086992": "brain activity from the basic one to the", "oAIaZBeclNM-00254-00086993-00087566": "most complex one right so the the vagus", "oAIaZBeclNM-00255-00087567-00087949": "nerve activity in moderate in a interact", "oAIaZBeclNM-00256-00087950-00088306": "right we are we we know about a low", "oAIaZBeclNM-00257-00088307-00088549": "static load so our studies log is", "oAIaZBeclNM-00258-00088550-00088932": "related to vagal activity right and II", "oAIaZBeclNM-00259-00088933-00089285": "moderate these underlying mechanism", "oAIaZBeclNM-00260-00089286-00089840": "right which also can be a risk factor to", "oAIaZBeclNM-00261-00089841-00090098": "other disease like diabetes in the case", "oAIaZBeclNM-00262-00090099-00090536": "of metabolic syndrome right and you can", "oAIaZBeclNM-00263-00090537-00090781": "predict the risk of those easy so this", "oAIaZBeclNM-00264-00090782-00091101": "is this is very well known now by the", "oAIaZBeclNM-00265-00091102-00091618": "most recent research about this so those", "oAIaZBeclNM-00266-00091619-00091853": "three mechanisms that you can see down", "oAIaZBeclNM-00267-00091854-00092186": "oxidative stress DNA damage which is", "oAIaZBeclNM-00268-00092187-00092425": "linked with oxidative stress excessive", "oAIaZBeclNM-00269-00092426-00092666": "inflammation and excessive", "oAIaZBeclNM-00270-00092667-00092969": "sympathetic nerve activity play a", "oAIaZBeclNM-00271-00092970-00093290": "crucial role in those disease as well as", "oAIaZBeclNM-00272-00093291-00093761": "in the metabolic syndrome so you can", "oAIaZBeclNM-00273-00093762-00094112": "tell yourself if the oxidant is chief", "oAIaZBeclNM-00274-00094113-00094499": "stress is a lower level if there is no", "oAIaZBeclNM-00275-00094500-00094760": "excessive inflammation and if there is", "oAIaZBeclNM-00276-00094761-00095098": "no excessive sympathetic nerve activity", "oAIaZBeclNM-00277-00095099-00095573": "then there there should be no disease", "oAIaZBeclNM-00278-00095574-00096006": "and and whatever the disease it is and", "oAIaZBeclNM-00279-00096007-00096284": "actually this is the case right so let's", "oAIaZBeclNM-00280-00096285-00096376": "talk about them", "oAIaZBeclNM-00281-00096377-00096725": "so oxidative stress so you know it is", "oAIaZBeclNM-00282-00096726-00096878": "when there is an imbalance between", "oAIaZBeclNM-00283-00096879-00097094": "occidental on TMZ Dundas you say right", "oAIaZBeclNM-00284-00097095-00097736": "and when oxidative stress which in favor", "oAIaZBeclNM-00285-00097737-00098263": "of the first right it will process to", "oAIaZBeclNM-00286-00098264-00098713": "leading to DNA damage right and it's the", "oAIaZBeclNM-00287-00098714-00099038": "case for instance in coronary our", "oAIaZBeclNM-00288-00099039-00099496": "disease right because we have the LDL", "oAIaZBeclNM-00289-00099497-00099836": "oxidation and this oxidative stress will", "oAIaZBeclNM-00290-00099837-00099962": "promote inflammation", "oAIaZBeclNM-00291-00099963-00100361": "you know of arteriosclerotic plaque in", "oAIaZBeclNM-00292-00100362-00100843": "the case of in the coronary arteries", "oAIaZBeclNM-00293-00100844-00101185": "okay so oxidative stress is very", "oAIaZBeclNM-00294-00101186-00101368": "important because it's by battalion", "oAIaZBeclNM-00295-00101369-00101713": "transformation of LT cells also into", "oAIaZBeclNM-00296-00101714-00102071": "cancer cells and it contributes to DNA", "oAIaZBeclNM-00297-00102072-00102682": "mutation right depends of all the tumor", "oAIaZBeclNM-00298-00102683-00102974": "killer factor and also other promo genes", "oAIaZBeclNM-00299-00102975-00103354": "genes are affected but it start with", "oAIaZBeclNM-00300-00103355-00103771": "this oxidative stress that will have a", "oAIaZBeclNM-00301-00103772-00104466": "varied entry mental detrimental action", "oAIaZBeclNM-00302-00104467-00104830": "in cells that can lead to cancer but", "oAIaZBeclNM-00303-00104831-00105326": "oxidative stress is also increased", "oAIaZBeclNM-00304-00105327-00105709": "cerebral vascular accident and as well", "oAIaZBeclNM-00305-00105710-00105974": "lead to DNA damage", "oAIaZBeclNM-00306-00105975-00106414": "in the brain tissue right so so all", "oAIaZBeclNM-00307-00106415-00106847": "links an oxidative stress for example", "oAIaZBeclNM-00308-00106848-00107231": "here induce neural apoptosis in our", "oAIaZBeclNM-00309-00107232-00107734": "dimer disease right so we can see that", "oAIaZBeclNM-00310-00107735-00108071": "oxidative stress and DNA damage is one", "oAIaZBeclNM-00311-00108072-00108337": "of the key factors they are leading to", "oAIaZBeclNM-00312-00108338-00108745": "disease but but not only one so", "oAIaZBeclNM-00313-00108746-00109149": "inflammation you know that our body has", "oAIaZBeclNM-00314-00109150-00109537": "a low level of inflammation this is very", "oAIaZBeclNM-00315-00109538-00109721": "necessary because otherwise we will see", "oAIaZBeclNM-00316-00109722-00109994": "all the time so inflammation helped us", "oAIaZBeclNM-00317-00109995-00110353": "to build or immune system right and it's", "oAIaZBeclNM-00318-00110354-00110812": "very beneficial but we know that for", "oAIaZBeclNM-00319-00110813-00111040": "instance in cardiovascular disease right", "oAIaZBeclNM-00320-00111041-00111395": "here arterial sclerosis inflammation", "oAIaZBeclNM-00321-00111396-00111535": "will lead to the recruitment and", "oAIaZBeclNM-00322-00111536-00111722": "migration of immune cells like", "oAIaZBeclNM-00323-00111723-00111998": "macrophage as it's always the case right", "oAIaZBeclNM-00324-00111999-00112306": "in case of inflammation to the arterial", "oAIaZBeclNM-00325-00112307-00112579": "lesion and this information will", "oAIaZBeclNM-00326-00112580-00113018": "destabilize and at the end will rupture", "oAIaZBeclNM-00327-00113019-00113419": "the plates promote elevation of arterial", "oAIaZBeclNM-00328-00113420-00113860": "pressure and can lead to to a stroke for", "oAIaZBeclNM-00329-00113861-00114206": "instance right so in case of cancer", "oAIaZBeclNM-00330-00114207-00114443": "inflammation induced rhombuses in new", "oAIaZBeclNM-00331-00114444-00114722": "cancer and inflammation prevent", "oAIaZBeclNM-00332-00114723-00115062": "apoptosis because he will inhibit the", "oAIaZBeclNM-00333-00115063-00115445": "tumor suppressor factor the DK and he", "oAIaZBeclNM-00334-00115446-00115783": "will stimulate the ungenerous right and", "oAIaZBeclNM-00335-00115784-00116224": "then it will promote meister studies so", "oAIaZBeclNM-00336-00116225-00116549": "we can say that without inflammation or", "oAIaZBeclNM-00337-00116550-00116974": "just with or basic level of inflammation", "oAIaZBeclNM-00338-00116975-00117301": "right there is no reason to have cancer", "oAIaZBeclNM-00339-00117302-00117533": "and cancer is autoimmune disease as I", "oAIaZBeclNM-00340-00117533-00117845": "said previous it can be considered as an", "oAIaZBeclNM-00341-00117846-00118051": "autoimmune because because it's too much", "oAIaZBeclNM-00342-00118052-00118346": "inflammation and the the macrophage", "oAIaZBeclNM-00343-00118347-00118633": "cells that are involved in this", "oAIaZBeclNM-00344-00118634-00118888": "inflammatory process flow right are", "oAIaZBeclNM-00345-00118889-00119265": "releasing too much or excessive", "oAIaZBeclNM-00346-00119266-00119781": "Pro pro-inflammatory cytokines right", "oAIaZBeclNM-00347-00119782-00120348": "like the necrosis tumor factor alpha and", "oAIaZBeclNM-00348-00120349-00120816": "ordering terrorking's and other other", "oAIaZBeclNM-00349-00120817-00121326": "pro-inflammatory molecules so in", "oAIaZBeclNM-00350-00121327-00121695": "Alzheimer disease inflammation will", "oAIaZBeclNM-00351-00121696-00122076": "mediate the negative effect of the beta", "oAIaZBeclNM-00352-00122077-00122478": "amyloid peptides on brain neurons that", "oAIaZBeclNM-00353-00122479-00122814": "will in turn lead to neuro degeneration", "oAIaZBeclNM-00354-00122815-00123256": "and so when there is inflammation in", "oAIaZBeclNM-00355-00123257-00123571": "your body wherever there is inflammation", "oAIaZBeclNM-00356-00123572-00123921": "or inflammation start it will spread", "oAIaZBeclNM-00357-00123922-00124251": "everywhere including the brain you know", "oAIaZBeclNM-00358-00124252-00124614": "the the gut brain axis and the vagus", "oAIaZBeclNM-00359-00124615-00124846": "nerve participate of course in this", "oAIaZBeclNM-00360-00124847-00125274": "galbraith axis and we know that some", "oAIaZBeclNM-00361-00125275-00125703": "some disease or mental health dizzy", "oAIaZBeclNM-00362-00125704-00126249": "start in the in the gut and they get the", "oAIaZBeclNM-00363-00126250-00126516": "leaky gut with over inflammation there", "oAIaZBeclNM-00364-00126517-00127037": "go to the brain and then it will affect", "oAIaZBeclNM-00365-00127038-00127563": "the neural plasticity and it will lead", "oAIaZBeclNM-00366-00127564-00127833": "to the generation like in Alzheimer but", "oAIaZBeclNM-00367-00127834-00128169": "with people skleros is the same so", "oAIaZBeclNM-00368-00128170-00128679": "inflammation if it's too excessive in in", "oAIaZBeclNM-00369-00128680-00128949": "volume in amplitude and in time it's a", "oAIaZBeclNM-00370-00128950-00129366": "major contributing factor to the start", "oAIaZBeclNM-00371-00129367-00129603": "of multiple chronic and autoimmune", "oAIaZBeclNM-00372-00129604-00129861": "disease this is very important to know", "oAIaZBeclNM-00373-00129862-00130456": "that now the sympathetic activity the", "oAIaZBeclNM-00374-00130457-00130618": "the the sympathetic nervous system and", "oAIaZBeclNM-00375-00130619-00130803": "the vagus nerve our system they they", "oAIaZBeclNM-00376-00130804-00131436": "hacked together together to to keep this", "oAIaZBeclNM-00377-00131437-00131838": "inflammation level in our body normal we", "oAIaZBeclNM-00378-00131839-00132071": "have the the release of cortisol", "oAIaZBeclNM-00379-00132072-00133052": "and older aunty inflammatory agent like", "oAIaZBeclNM-00380-00133053-00133346": "norepinephrine or dopamine right and", "oAIaZBeclNM-00381-00133347-00133787": "this contribute to low down the level of", "oAIaZBeclNM-00382-00133788-00134029": "of inflammation but the problem is that", "oAIaZBeclNM-00383-00134030-00134327": "when there is excessive sympathetic", "oAIaZBeclNM-00384-00134328-00134888": "activity and when we have so this", "oAIaZBeclNM-00385-00134889-00135194": "homeostasis when the sympathetic nervous", "oAIaZBeclNM-00386-00135195-00135545": "system is to I in activity and you know", "oAIaZBeclNM-00387-00135546-00135788": "this is the the flight and fight and we", "oAIaZBeclNM-00388-00135789-00136118": "have the the vagus tone which is too low", "oAIaZBeclNM-00389-00136119-00136760": "for any reason right this over activity", "oAIaZBeclNM-00390-00136761-00136985": "of the sympathetic nervous system in the", "oAIaZBeclNM-00391-00136986-00137270": "case of cardiovascular disease right it", "oAIaZBeclNM-00392-00137271-00137621": "will contribute to vascular wall damage", "oAIaZBeclNM-00393-00137622-00137902": "to increase vasoconstriction this is", "oAIaZBeclNM-00394-00137903-00138194": "part of the sympathetic nervous system", "oAIaZBeclNM-00395-00138195-00138422": "right and therefore it will increase the", "oAIaZBeclNM-00396-00138423-00138650": "blood pressure right and therefore it", "oAIaZBeclNM-00397-00138651-00139082": "will it will induce Arturo's clear green", "oAIaZBeclNM-00398-00139083-00139428": "roses and is ischemic process coronary", "oAIaZBeclNM-00399-00139429-00139862": "disease in cancer the excessive release", "oAIaZBeclNM-00400-00139863-00140099": "of sympathetic neurotransmitters like", "oAIaZBeclNM-00401-00140100-00140468": "norepinephrine right will induce the", "oAIaZBeclNM-00402-00140469-00140900": "engine nervous and influence the midst a", "oAIaZBeclNM-00403-00140901-00141165": "static process because we know that over", "oAIaZBeclNM-00404-00141166-00141475": "activity or sympathetic nervous system", "oAIaZBeclNM-00405-00141476-00142060": "contribute to tumor cells grows and", "oAIaZBeclNM-00406-00142061-00142484": "contribute to to development metastar", "oAIaZBeclNM-00407-00142485-00142883": "right and we know that if we block the", "oAIaZBeclNM-00408-00142884-00143144": "norepinephrine release we can slow down", "oAIaZBeclNM-00409-00143145-00143470": "this process now if we take about the", "oAIaZBeclNM-00410-00143471-00143789": "mental health issue like Alzheimer you", "oAIaZBeclNM-00411-00143790-00144182": "know cerebral flow will be decrease in", "oAIaZBeclNM-00412-00144183-00144407": "the brain so the perfusion will be the", "oAIaZBeclNM-00413-00144408-00144671": "decrease in the brain so let's exceed", "oAIaZBeclNM-00414-00144672-00145234": "see oxidation right and probably because", "oAIaZBeclNM-00415-00145235-00145512": "there will be also vasoconstriction", "oAIaZBeclNM-00416-00145513-00145974": "there due to excessive sympathetic", "oAIaZBeclNM-00417-00145975-00146236": "nervous system activity and we know that", "oAIaZBeclNM-00418-00146237-00146659": "if we inject acetylcholine which is", "oAIaZBeclNM-00419-00146660-00147262": "related to the vagus nerve right we can", "oAIaZBeclNM-00420-00147263-00147714": "we can dick we can have an action on the", "oAIaZBeclNM-00421-00147715-00148099": "cerebral flow because we know that vagus", "oAIaZBeclNM-00422-00148100-00148518": "nerve stimulation improve blood", "oAIaZBeclNM-00423-00148519-00148906": "perfusion and oxygenation is in the", "oAIaZBeclNM-00424-00148907-00149202": "brain therefore we didn't have", "oAIaZBeclNM-00425-00149203-00149398": "simulation is very it's very good", "oAIaZBeclNM-00426-00149399-00149569": "indication after stroke for instance", "oAIaZBeclNM-00427-00149570-00149848": "because we need to have a very powerful", "oAIaZBeclNM-00428-00149849-00150223": "and very good sir cerebral flow there", "oAIaZBeclNM-00429-00150224-00150685": "okay April flow there so oxidative", "oAIaZBeclNM-00430-00150686-00150958": "stress and DNA damage inflammation a", "oAIaZBeclNM-00431-00150959-00151236": "excessive sympathetic nerve activity", "oAIaZBeclNM-00432-00151237-00151515": "contribute to the development of inter", "oAIaZBeclNM-00433-00151516-00151839": "related disease like here the metabolic", "oAIaZBeclNM-00434-00151840-00152151": "syndrome right hypertension high blood", "oAIaZBeclNM-00435-00152152-00152383": "pressure and the can list the Ida", "oAIaZBeclNM-00436-00152384-00152640": "Betty's especially diabetes too at the", "oAIaZBeclNM-00437-00152641-00152872": "end you know and it also a risk factor", "oAIaZBeclNM-00438-00152873-00153124": "for cardiovascular disease cancer and", "oAIaZBeclNM-00439-00153125-00153598": "Alzheimer's disease right so and all", "oAIaZBeclNM-00440-00153599-00153903": "these ease may pick in the metabolic", "oAIaZBeclNM-00441-00153904-00154234": "Central syndrome or or the risk factor", "oAIaZBeclNM-00442-00154235-00154696": "for these disease okay but at first we", "oAIaZBeclNM-00443-00154697-00155059": "have always increased oxidative stress", "oAIaZBeclNM-00444-00155060-00155328": "DNA damage increase inflammation and", "oAIaZBeclNM-00445-00155329-00155670": "control inflammation and over excessive", "oAIaZBeclNM-00446-00155671-00156097": "sympathetic nerve activity it's curious", "oAIaZBeclNM-00447-00156098-00156375": "come yeah yeah may I ask a question or", "oAIaZBeclNM-00448-00156376-00156895": "two at that point yeah sure you you seem", "oAIaZBeclNM-00449-00156896-00157410": "to you seem to talk a lot about", "oAIaZBeclNM-00450-00157411-00157611": "sympathetic nervous system and", "oAIaZBeclNM-00451-00157612-00157857": "parasympathetic nervous system as", "oAIaZBeclNM-00452-00157858-00158210": "antagonists and often", "oAIaZBeclNM-00453-00158211-00158631": "often it seems that you say sympathetics", "oAIaZBeclNM-00454-00158632-00158979": "are too high and so we want to stimulate", "oAIaZBeclNM-00455-00158980-00159507": "the vagus I it isn't it the case that", "oAIaZBeclNM-00456-00159508-00159921": "this model of antagonism is not quite up", "oAIaZBeclNM-00457-00159922-00160278": "to date and that sometimes you can have", "oAIaZBeclNM-00458-00160279-00160571": "both you can have high Vegas and high", "oAIaZBeclNM-00459-00160572-00160938": "sympathetic activity it's not exactly", "oAIaZBeclNM-00460-00160939-00161255": "this balance that we used to think it is", "oAIaZBeclNM-00461-00161256-00162003": "is it so normally in case of massages we", "oAIaZBeclNM-00462-00162004-00162219": "have good Vegas stone and we have", "oAIaZBeclNM-00463-00162220-00162456": "wizards by balanced by Gaston and we", "oAIaZBeclNM-00464-00162457-00162609": "have a balanced sympathetic activity", "oAIaZBeclNM-00465-00162610-00162978": "right we know that by aging the Vegas", "oAIaZBeclNM-00466-00162979-00163245": "tone decrease this is just a normal", "oAIaZBeclNM-00467-00163246-00163470": "physiological process we know for", "oAIaZBeclNM-00468-00163471-00163859": "instance that elderly people they suffer", "oAIaZBeclNM-00469-00163860-00164141": "they may suffer more from osteoporosis", "oAIaZBeclNM-00470-00164142-00164556": "right and then young people just because", "oAIaZBeclNM-00471-00164557-00165042": "lo Vegas tone or activity in elderly", "oAIaZBeclNM-00472-00165043-00165726": "people will promote osteoclast processes", "oAIaZBeclNM-00473-00165727-00165984": "that will lead to osteoporosis so if we", "oAIaZBeclNM-00474-00165985-00166212": "have a good Vegas talk on you will never", "oAIaZBeclNM-00475-00166213-00166599": "get osteoporosis so now in case of", "oAIaZBeclNM-00476-00166600-00167010": "disease you can you can have this", "oAIaZBeclNM-00477-00167011-00167418": "autonomia alright so usually we say it's", "oAIaZBeclNM-00478-00167419-00167754": "a high percent back cornea but we can", "oAIaZBeclNM-00479-00167755-00168038": "have also I per Torah sympathicotonia", "oAIaZBeclNM-00480-00168039-00168438": "right it can be I or it can below", "oAIaZBeclNM-00481-00168439-00168770": "okay this autonomic could be a low or I", "oAIaZBeclNM-00482-00168771-00169247": "normally inherited people the very stone", "oAIaZBeclNM-00483-00169248-00169596": "the the parasympathetic let's talk about", "oAIaZBeclNM-00484-00169597-00169950": "the Vegas because it's represent 80% of", "oAIaZBeclNM-00485-00169951-00170373": "the price ability and this sympathetic", "oAIaZBeclNM-00486-00170374-00170787": "nerve activity they are very good friend", "oAIaZBeclNM-00487-00170788-00171186": "and they work together but it is not the", "oAIaZBeclNM-00488-00171187-00171489": "case in this autonomia", "oAIaZBeclNM-00489-00171490-00171904": "okay do I do I answer the question yes I", "oAIaZBeclNM-00490-00171905-00172216": "think so I was just I was just what I", "oAIaZBeclNM-00491-00172217-00172387": "just wanted to ask because you seem to", "oAIaZBeclNM-00492-00172388-00172972": "use it almost as a synonym to say hi i", "oAIaZBeclNM-00493-00172973-00173176": "sympathetic activity and low vagal", "oAIaZBeclNM-00494-00173177-00173420": "activity and I just wanted you to ask", "oAIaZBeclNM-00495-00173421-00173647": "for that so no there is not there is two", "oAIaZBeclNM-00496-00173648-00173815": "different stuff right but we know that", "oAIaZBeclNM-00497-00173816-00174097": "when there is an i sympathetic we will", "oAIaZBeclNM-00498-00174098-00174470": "we will you we might have aloe vera", "oAIaZBeclNM-00499-00174471-00174806": "stone but it's not always the case we", "oAIaZBeclNM-00500-00174807-00175225": "can have ice empathetic and I Vega stone", "oAIaZBeclNM-00501-00175226-00175774": "so it's a it's a dysautonomia so it's a", "oAIaZBeclNM-00502-00175775-00176070": "high price imperative let's say right", "oAIaZBeclNM-00503-00176071-00176785": "baby soul is not balanced and one thing", "oAIaZBeclNM-00504-00176786-00177107": "you talked about oxidative stress", "oAIaZBeclNM-00505-00177108-00177490": "inflammation as mechanism of disease and", "oAIaZBeclNM-00506-00177491-00177668": "that would tell us very interesting and", "oAIaZBeclNM-00507-00177669-00178060": "very clear but maybe you could say more", "oAIaZBeclNM-00508-00178061-00178300": "about the role of the vagus what what", "oAIaZBeclNM-00509-00178301-00178489": "does the vagus have to do with oxidative", "oAIaZBeclNM-00510-00178490-00178768": "stress", "oAIaZBeclNM-00511-00178769-00179104": "anyways it's an environmental problem", "oAIaZBeclNM-00512-00179105-00179521": "and a nutritional problem isn't it it is", "oAIaZBeclNM-00513-00179522-00179807": "it is the vagus nerve is not the only", "oAIaZBeclNM-00514-00179808-00179893": "solution", "oAIaZBeclNM-00515-00179894-00180145": "and fortunately otherwise it will be", "oAIaZBeclNM-00516-00180146-00180366": "very easy but it's a very good one so", "oAIaZBeclNM-00517-00180367-00180775": "let me finish this yes and Emory I will", "oAIaZBeclNM-00518-00180776-00181024": "I will talk about you will understand", "oAIaZBeclNM-00519-00181025-00181082": "right", "oAIaZBeclNM-00520-00181083-00181414": "so here is just a recap about oxidative", "oAIaZBeclNM-00521-00181415-00181639": "stress DNA damage it's one of the", "oAIaZBeclNM-00522-00181640-00181966": "condition second is inflammation and and", "oAIaZBeclNM-00523-00181967-00182332": "then excessive sympathetic nerve", "oAIaZBeclNM-00524-00182333-00182638": "activity I mean it's one two three you", "oAIaZBeclNM-00525-00182639-00183052": "can put whatever they are all together", "oAIaZBeclNM-00526-00183053-00183257": "right you cannot separate information", "oAIaZBeclNM-00527-00183258-00183537": "oxidative stress or excessive", "oAIaZBeclNM-00528-00183538-00183775": "sympathetic activity because excessive", "oAIaZBeclNM-00529-00183776-00183970": "sympathetic activity will also promote", "oAIaZBeclNM-00530-00183971-00184216": "inflammation right and will induce", "oAIaZBeclNM-00531-00184217-00184459": "oxidative stress so they are all working", "oAIaZBeclNM-00532-00184460-00184669": "together and this", "oAIaZBeclNM-00533-00184670-00184960": "most the mechanic of disease and also", "oAIaZBeclNM-00534-00184961-00185439": "the mid metabolic syndromes like I per", "oAIaZBeclNM-00535-00185440-00185923": "tree Lisa rate and I pressure you know", "oAIaZBeclNM-00536-00185924-00186214": "and then can lead to diabetes and and", "oAIaZBeclNM-00537-00186215-00186531": "then this can promote other disease or", "oAIaZBeclNM-00538-00186532-00186886": "stimulate more order disease tried but", "oAIaZBeclNM-00539-00186887-00187144": "at the end it's it's don't treat basic", "oAIaZBeclNM-00540-00187145-00187498": "mechanism so here see the Vegas stone", "oAIaZBeclNM-00541-00187499-00187914": "and you can see at the Vegas stone is", "oAIaZBeclNM-00542-00187915-00188314": "it's negatively correlated to the those", "oAIaZBeclNM-00543-00188315-00188659": "disease means that when you have a very", "oAIaZBeclNM-00544-00188660-00189001": "high Vegas tone right you will see that", "oAIaZBeclNM-00545-00189002-00189331": "the Aussie dance is friends with low you", "oAIaZBeclNM-00546-00189332-00189490": "will see that the inflammation will be", "oAIaZBeclNM-00547-00189491-00189691": "low you will see that excessive", "oAIaZBeclNM-00548-00189692-00189910": "sympathetic nerve activity will be low", "oAIaZBeclNM-00549-00189911-00190267": "as well and the opposite if you have", "oAIaZBeclNM-00550-00190268-00190585": "very low Vegas tone then you promote the", "oAIaZBeclNM-00551-00190586-00190945": "disease the meta percent wrong and that", "oAIaZBeclNM-00552-00190946-00191412": "at the end so all the Vegas stone", "oAIaZBeclNM-00553-00191413-00191658": "interfere with with this right", "oAIaZBeclNM-00554-00191659-00192028": "actually this is part of the core that I", "oAIaZBeclNM-00555-00192029-00192538": "teach and because in this course I am", "oAIaZBeclNM-00556-00192539-00192877": "talking about nerado na GN it's very", "oAIaZBeclNM-00557-00192878-00193129": "very complex because the Vegas the vagus", "oAIaZBeclNM-00558-00193130-00193411": "nerve let's say parasympathetic let's", "oAIaZBeclNM-00559-00193412-00193840": "say autonomic nervous system actually we", "oAIaZBeclNM-00560-00193841-00194152": "know recently that the autonomic nervous", "oAIaZBeclNM-00561-00194153-00194776": "system primarily wall or wall or", "oAIaZBeclNM-00562-00194777-00195133": "function actually it's a neuron between", "oAIaZBeclNM-00563-00195134-00195610": "an immunization so no so it is the case", "oAIaZBeclNM-00564-00195611-00195958": "for the sympathetic is the case for the", "oAIaZBeclNM-00565-00195959-00196147": "Vegas or pass empathetic is the case for", "oAIaZBeclNM-00566-00196148-00196468": "the enteric nervous system so this I", "oAIaZBeclNM-00567-00196469-00196840": "demonstrate very well in detail in those", "oAIaZBeclNM-00568-00196841-00197281": "courses and because it's a very big", "oAIaZBeclNM-00569-00197282-00197584": "subject and because we know the big", "oAIaZBeclNM-00570-00197585-00197869": "stone as a lot of receptors not only", "oAIaZBeclNM-00571-00197870-00197996": "acetylcholine", "oAIaZBeclNM-00572-00197997-00198290": "and yes receptor for a digestive hormone", "oAIaZBeclNM-00573-00198291-00198674": "like Corey Stoll keenon which is", "oAIaZBeclNM-00574-00198675-00198926": "important hormone to digest degrees but", "oAIaZBeclNM-00575-00198927-00199223": "also the leptin degrading and also yes", "oAIaZBeclNM-00576-00199224-00199685": "or the receptor for pain for chemicals", "oAIaZBeclNM-00577-00199686-00200200": "for Macallan mechanical receptors and", "oAIaZBeclNM-00578-00200201-00200719": "other hormones right and other", "oAIaZBeclNM-00579-00200720-00200977": "neurotransmitters and those", "oAIaZBeclNM-00580-00200978-00201209": "neurotransmitters which are linked to", "oAIaZBeclNM-00581-00201210-00201482": "the vagus nerve or the sympathetic also", "oAIaZBeclNM-00582-00201483-00201980": "every in relation with the the classical", "oAIaZBeclNM-00583-00201981-00202190": "hormones like estrogen and progesterone", "oAIaZBeclNM-00584-00202191-00202775": "right or androgen hormones and that's", "oAIaZBeclNM-00585-00202776-00203069": "white make a very complex neural on to", "oAIaZBeclNM-00586-00203070-00203120": "Train", "oAIaZBeclNM-00587-00203121-00203366": "immunology because the immunology is", "oAIaZBeclNM-00588-00203367-00203729": "part of the the function of the vagus", "oAIaZBeclNM-00589-00203730-00204116": "nerve on the immune cells alright like", "oAIaZBeclNM-00590-00204117-00204419": "innate immune cells like the macrophage", "oAIaZBeclNM-00591-00204420-00205210": "and or minosa monocytes or other innate", "oAIaZBeclNM-00592-00205211-00205715": "immune cells and we know since 2002 that", "oAIaZBeclNM-00593-00205716-00206159": "vagus nerve when he stimulated he will", "oAIaZBeclNM-00594-00206160-00206998": "release acetylcholine and and this also", "oAIaZBeclNM-00595-00206998-00207548": "with the help of norepinephrine will be", "oAIaZBeclNM-00596-00207548-00207788": "linked to the T cells in the macrophage", "oAIaZBeclNM-00597-00207789-00208319": "and when the T cells are excited by", "oAIaZBeclNM-00598-00208319-00208760": "norepinephrine they will release the T", "oAIaZBeclNM-00599-00208761-00209009": "cell will release acetylcholine at the", "oAIaZBeclNM-00600-00209010-00209273": "end acetylcholine you know it's a very", "oAIaZBeclNM-00601-00209273-00209444": "classical neurotransmitter for the", "oAIaZBeclNM-00602-00209444-00209726": "parasympathetic nervous system and when", "oAIaZBeclNM-00603-00209727-00209948": "the T cells in the macrophage will", "oAIaZBeclNM-00604-00209948-00210251": "release the the acetylcholine it will", "oAIaZBeclNM-00605-00210252-00210796": "block the macrophage activity to to to", "oAIaZBeclNM-00606-00210798-00211171": "deliver pro-inflammatory cytokine like", "oAIaZBeclNM-00607-00211173-00211294": "the TNF or", "oAIaZBeclNM-00608-00211296-00211573": "other internal organs that will promote", "oAIaZBeclNM-00609-00211575-00211867": "afterwards excessive inflammation and", "oAIaZBeclNM-00610-00211869-00212194": "then we get austerity stress and then we", "oAIaZBeclNM-00611-00212196-00212537": "have an excessive sympathetic nervous", "oAIaZBeclNM-00612-00212538-00212788": "system activity so this is very well", "oAIaZBeclNM-00613-00212789-00213142": "detailing in the two courses because one", "oAIaZBeclNM-00614-00213144-00213307": "is focus about neuro mineralogy the", "oAIaZBeclNM-00615-00213308-00213535": "other one is focus about more neuron the", "oAIaZBeclNM-00616-00213536-00213752": "chronology is very complex and you will", "oAIaZBeclNM-00617-00213753-00213998": "see in detail all those mechanisms", "oAIaZBeclNM-00618-00213998-00214229": "because the vagus nerve is not limited", "oAIaZBeclNM-00619-00214230-00214571": "to only one on T inflammatory pathway", "oAIaZBeclNM-00620-00214571-00214948": "but several one and the same pathetic", "oAIaZBeclNM-00621-00214950-00215348": "nervous system is also linked with this", "oAIaZBeclNM-00622-00215348-00215762": "to promote inflammation those are called", "oAIaZBeclNM-00623-00215763-00216107": "gateway reflexes to promote the the", "oAIaZBeclNM-00624-00216108-00216407": "spreading of inflammation in the in the", "oAIaZBeclNM-00625-00216408-00216830": "body and those are mechanism where", "oAIaZBeclNM-00626-00216831-00217189": "recently discovered it was two years ago", "oAIaZBeclNM-00627-00217190-00217514": "it is very very brand-new and so we have", "oAIaZBeclNM-00628-00217515-00217727": "more comprehensive understanding about", "oAIaZBeclNM-00629-00217728-00218062": "the neuro endocrine Oh a miracle", "oAIaZBeclNM-00630-00218063-00218456": "function of the the the vagus to the", "oAIaZBeclNM-00631-00218457-00218803": "vagus nerve but also in general the", "oAIaZBeclNM-00632-00218804-00219259": "autonomic nervous system so as I said", "oAIaZBeclNM-00633-00219260-00219692": "before you see we need we need a basic", "oAIaZBeclNM-00634-00219692-00220044": "level of inflammation right we have", "oAIaZBeclNM-00635-00220046-00220410": "glucose hydro treatment okay we have", "oAIaZBeclNM-00636-00220411-00220721": "antibacterial activity we have then the", "oAIaZBeclNM-00637-00220721-00221153": "then trick then trick then do it then", "oAIaZBeclNM-00638-00221154-00221532": "Hritik cells maturation which is also", "oAIaZBeclNM-00639-00221533-00221963": "immune cells right and we know that if", "oAIaZBeclNM-00640-00221964-00222289": "this cytokine level increased the pro-1", "oAIaZBeclNM-00641-00222290-00222646": "pro-inflammatory one increase it will", "oAIaZBeclNM-00642-00222648-00223025": "lead to all those different kind of", "oAIaZBeclNM-00643-00223026-00223364": "disease and you see there is depression", "oAIaZBeclNM-00644-00223365-00223621": "but there is fever is the first you know", "oAIaZBeclNM-00645-00223623-00223841": "response from the body when too much", "oAIaZBeclNM-00646-00223842-00224032": "inflammation but also can lead to", "oAIaZBeclNM-00647-00224033-00224482": "anorexia pain - sorry Aziz autoimmune", "oAIaZBeclNM-00648-00224483-00224619": "disease as well", "oAIaZBeclNM-00649-00224621-00224973": "arthritis rheumatoid arthritis and then", "oAIaZBeclNM-00650-00224973-00225532": "colitis in case of Bowles and Rome", "oAIaZBeclNM-00651-00225533-00225796": "disease and and if it's too much too", "oAIaZBeclNM-00652-00225796-00226111": "much too much it leads to organ failure", "oAIaZBeclNM-00653-00226112-00226435": "and shock and death right so and this", "oAIaZBeclNM-00654-00226436-00227157": "this was explained by Kevin Tracy in", "oAIaZBeclNM-00655-00227158-00227671": "2007 and so this is the cytokine theory", "oAIaZBeclNM-00656-00227671-00228091": "of inflammation or I would say more", "oAIaZBeclNM-00657-00228092-00228400": "it's the cytokine theory of disease in", "oAIaZBeclNM-00658-00228401-00228967": "the course we will see the history of of", "oAIaZBeclNM-00659-00228967-00229258": "immunology right and the last one we", "oAIaZBeclNM-00660-00229259-00229717": "have for explaining disease is the", "oAIaZBeclNM-00661-00229717-00229971": "cytokine theory so but this is very well", "oAIaZBeclNM-00662-00229973-00230434": "explained in the causes so why do vagus", "oAIaZBeclNM-00663-00230435-00230803": "nerve is it's a key key player right in", "oAIaZBeclNM-00664-00230804-00231106": "the physio pathological mechanism to", "oAIaZBeclNM-00665-00231107-00231286": "contribute to the delivery model disease", "oAIaZBeclNM-00666-00231287-00231526": "because vagus nerve stimulation reduce", "oAIaZBeclNM-00667-00231527-00231856": "oxidative stress and the different", "oAIaZBeclNM-00668-00231857-00232271": "nation of DNA in cardiovascular disease", "oAIaZBeclNM-00669-00232273-00232623": "acetylcholine is the classical", "oAIaZBeclNM-00670-00232625-00232780": "neurotransmitter of the the", "oAIaZBeclNM-00671-00232781-00233019": "parasympathetic so the vagus inhibits", "oAIaZBeclNM-00672-00233021-00233369": "cell proliferation and increase level of", "oAIaZBeclNM-00673-00233371-00233846": "two more killer cells in different", "oAIaZBeclNM-00674-00233848-00234255": "experimental studies as I go to me or", "oAIaZBeclNM-00675-00234256-00234582": "capsaicin induced innervation stimulate", "oAIaZBeclNM-00676-00234583-00234934": "cancer metastasis right and kept saying", "oAIaZBeclNM-00677-00234935-00235210": "the innervation kept saying is it's a", "oAIaZBeclNM-00678-00235211-00235969": "pain pain molecule right so if if we do", "oAIaZBeclNM-00679-00235969-00236314": "have a go to me or we put a stress by", "oAIaZBeclNM-00680-00236315-00236573": "injecting this capsaicin you know to", "oAIaZBeclNM-00681-00236575-00236878": "destroy the nerve it will stimulate", "oAIaZBeclNM-00682-00236879-00237286": "cancer metastasis and also on the", "oAIaZBeclNM-00683-00237287-00237475": "inflammatory drug that activated the", "oAIaZBeclNM-00684-00237476-00237781": "vagus nerve because it will alter the", "oAIaZBeclNM-00685-00237782-00237946": "substance", "oAIaZBeclNM-00686-00237946-00238458": "P level will reduce tumor growth in a", "oAIaZBeclNM-00687-00238459-00238704": "bottle of red cancer in miles right so", "oAIaZBeclNM-00688-00238705-00239142": "this is by recent study an i vagal", "oAIaZBeclNM-00689-00239144-00239623": "activity significantly moderate prostate", "oAIaZBeclNM-00690-00239623-00240123": "specific antigen do so the PSA in in", "oAIaZBeclNM-00691-00240123-00240490": "prostate cancer patient so this we know", "oAIaZBeclNM-00692-00240491-00240846": "and we know how it works again this is", "oAIaZBeclNM-00693-00240846-00241396": "explained in in the course is right we", "oAIaZBeclNM-00694-00241396-00241709": "know also that low vagal activity", "oAIaZBeclNM-00695-00241710-00242023": "connected with genetic and environmental", "oAIaZBeclNM-00696-00242023-00242398": "factors which may explain what high in", "oAIaZBeclNM-00697-00242398-00242650": "people with the same vagal activity some", "oAIaZBeclNM-00698-00242651-00242815": "with developed developed Alzheimer", "oAIaZBeclNM-00699-00242816-00242998": "disease while order will develop cancer", "oAIaZBeclNM-00700-00242998-00243744": "or or or cardiovascular disease right", "oAIaZBeclNM-00701-00243746-00244155": "because we unfortunately we have or", "oAIaZBeclNM-00702-00244156-00244446": "genetical background and we have or", "oAIaZBeclNM-00703-00244446-00244752": "environmental environments okay", "oAIaZBeclNM-00704-00244753-00245123": "we know solid low vagal activity punch", "oAIaZBeclNM-00705-00245125-00245559": "potentiate the effect of CRP in the", "oAIaZBeclNM-00706-00245560-00246046": "prognosis of myocardial infraction so me", "oAIaZBeclNM-00707-00246046-00246498": "that CRP it's a pro-inflammatory", "oAIaZBeclNM-00708-00246498-00246842": "molecule C reactive protein right throw", "oAIaZBeclNM-00709-00246844-00247125": "inflammatory molecule and we know that", "oAIaZBeclNM-00710-00247126-00247553": "patient with a CRP is related to", "oAIaZBeclNM-00711-00247554-00247891": "autoimmune disease like depression Rima", "oAIaZBeclNM-00712-00247892-00248751": "Toria tried this but also colitis and", "oAIaZBeclNM-00713-00248752-00249192": "also in in myocardial infraction and", "oAIaZBeclNM-00714-00249192-00250273": "when we have ICR P level it is always in", "oAIaZBeclNM-00715-00250273-00250578": "relation so it's a it's a negative", "oAIaZBeclNM-00716-00250579-00250842": "correlation with CRP and low vagal", "oAIaZBeclNM-00717-00250844-00251073": "activity we which means that when we", "oAIaZBeclNM-00718-00251075-00251221": "have a I've a girl to be", "oAIaZBeclNM-00719-00251221-00251821": "see the CRP level is low okay so anyway", "oAIaZBeclNM-00720-00251821-00252019": "it is possible to have a risk factor", "oAIaZBeclNM-00721-00252019-00252342": "like your attention and to have a normal", "oAIaZBeclNM-00722-00252344-00252655": "vagal activity right because the risk", "oAIaZBeclNM-00723-00252656-00252883": "factor about origins genetic", "oAIaZBeclNM-00724-00252884-00253140": "environmental or other acute illness so", "oAIaZBeclNM-00725-00253141-00253944": "therefore if we work on the environment", "oAIaZBeclNM-00726-00253944-00254155": "side right", "oAIaZBeclNM-00727-00254156-00254731": "we can also positively influence those", "oAIaZBeclNM-00728-00254732-00254958": "risk factors exactly pay attention and", "oAIaZBeclNM-00729-00254959-00255223": "to reverse it right even with normal", "oAIaZBeclNM-00730-00255223-00255994": "vigor tivity but globally globally you", "oAIaZBeclNM-00731-00255994-00256333": "will see the vagal activity is inversely", "oAIaZBeclNM-00732-00256334-00256734": "correlated with the development of", "oAIaZBeclNM-00733-00256735-00257119": "disease and we know that low vagal tone", "oAIaZBeclNM-00734-00257119-00257346": "is associated with depressed depression", "oAIaZBeclNM-00735-00257348-00257808": "and other mental disorder like anxiety", "oAIaZBeclNM-00736-00257809-00258277": "and post Stroman post-traumatic stress", "oAIaZBeclNM-00737-00258278-00258510": "disorder right and we know that", "oAIaZBeclNM-00738-00258511-00258676": "depression is a risk factor for prostate", "oAIaZBeclNM-00739-00258677-00259102": "cancer and metastasis via sympathetic", "oAIaZBeclNM-00740-00259103-00259351": "signaling so again here when the", "oAIaZBeclNM-00741-00259352-00259584": "sympathetic nervous system is - I you", "oAIaZBeclNM-00742-00259585-00259753": "will lead to depression", "oAIaZBeclNM-00743-00259754-00259971": "II may lead to cancer and metastatic", "oAIaZBeclNM-00744-00259973-00260482": "right and we know that in PTSD there is", "oAIaZBeclNM-00745-00260483-00260806": "a sympathetic activity and there is a", "oAIaZBeclNM-00746-00260807-00261178": "low Vegas tone okay so a per activation", "oAIaZBeclNM-00747-00261179-00261505": "of this sympathetic nerve activity will", "oAIaZBeclNM-00748-00261506-00261694": "also can also modulate the gene", "oAIaZBeclNM-00749-00261694-00262006": "expression because all DNA is not fixed", "oAIaZBeclNM-00750-00262007-00262267": "the gene can metate in one way or the", "oAIaZBeclNM-00751-00262268-00262315": "other", "oAIaZBeclNM-00752-00262316-00262564": "the other way right because you can", "oAIaZBeclNM-00753-00262565-00262833": "stimulate a macro fashion filtration", "oAIaZBeclNM-00754-00262834-00263176": "inflammation again under Genesis and", "oAIaZBeclNM-00755-00263177-00263593": "humor invasion right and inhibiting", "oAIaZBeclNM-00756-00263594-00263895": "apoptosis so promoting metastasis of", "oAIaZBeclNM-00757-00263896-00264210": "solid tumors and solid tumors is very", "oAIaZBeclNM-00758-00264211-00264487": "good to know because there is only one", "oAIaZBeclNM-00759-00264488-00264841": "quit myrrh which is a cancer of the", "oAIaZBeclNM-00760-00264842-00264967": "blood right", "oAIaZBeclNM-00761-00264968-00265222": "otherwise it's solid tumor and we know", "oAIaZBeclNM-00762-00265223-00265648": "that we're where we have a lower", "oAIaZBeclNM-00763-00265649-00266097": "sympathetic activity ire very stone", "oAIaZBeclNM-00764-00266098-00266712": "right we know that the the prognosis of", "oAIaZBeclNM-00765-00266713-00267135": "patient suffering from a 3t more like", "oAIaZBeclNM-00766-00267136-00267667": "let's say prostate cancer in man is much", "oAIaZBeclNM-00767-00267668-00268032": "better so if you mean that means that", "oAIaZBeclNM-00768-00268033-00268339": "lower gaston eyes and lytic nerve", "oAIaZBeclNM-00769-00268340-00268803": "activity it's very bad for patients", "oAIaZBeclNM-00770-00268804-00269055": "suffering from cancer we have to reverse", "oAIaZBeclNM-00771-00269056-00269901": "it all right so a nice LOL activity may", "oAIaZBeclNM-00772-00269902-00270050": "be a risk factor for disease and", "oAIaZBeclNM-00773-00270051-00270380": "prognosis of those disease right and", "oAIaZBeclNM-00774-00270381-00270684": "efferent vagal activity can be easily", "oAIaZBeclNM-00775-00270685-00271195": "accessed by analysis of variability of", "oAIaZBeclNM-00776-00271196-00271393": "our trade when i talked in the beginning", "oAIaZBeclNM-00777-00271394-00272060": "do we have a chip non-invasive", "oAIaZBeclNM-00778-00272061-00272890": "recognized tool to measure the this this", "oAIaZBeclNM-00779-00272891-00273349": "vagal tone it is by the analysis of the", "oAIaZBeclNM-00780-00273350-00273750": "heart rate variability because our trade", "oAIaZBeclNM-00781-00273751-00274189": "variability is i our travel abilities", "oAIaZBeclNM-00782-00274190-00274599": "correlate with a vagus tone low heart", "oAIaZBeclNM-00783-00274600-00275041": "rate variability is correlate with", "oAIaZBeclNM-00784-00275042-00275614": "disease so we know that the HRV is", "oAIaZBeclNM-00785-00275615-00275812": "inversely correlated there is a negative", "oAIaZBeclNM-00786-00275813-00276067": "correlation with the risk often poor", "oAIaZBeclNM-00787-00276068-00276282": "prognosis of cardiovascular disease but", "oAIaZBeclNM-00788-00276283-00276547": "the same internal gbt of cancer right", "oAIaZBeclNM-00789-00276548-00277270": "and also it's it's a I out rate", "oAIaZBeclNM-00790-00277271-00277530": "variability which is correlate with our", "oAIaZBeclNM-00791-00277531-00277769": "Gaston it's also correlate", "oAIaZBeclNM-00792-00277770-00278015": "better creating improvement performance", "oAIaZBeclNM-00793-00278016-00278819": "in Alzheimer disease right so we know", "oAIaZBeclNM-00794-00278820-00279116": "that vigor activity is also negatively", "oAIaZBeclNM-00795-00279117-00279284": "correlated to the present of meth", "oAIaZBeclNM-00796-00279285-00279530": "component all right and we know that for", "oAIaZBeclNM-00797-00279531-00280115": "instance vigor by Gaston means I out", "oAIaZBeclNM-00798-00280116-00280667": "rate variability is is is inversely", "oAIaZBeclNM-00799-00280668-00281063": "related to diabetes so it means that if", "oAIaZBeclNM-00800-00281064-00281246": "you have a nova gaston low heart rate", "oAIaZBeclNM-00801-00281247-00281513": "variability then there is a negative", "oAIaZBeclNM-00802-00281514-00281876": "correlation and the epen leads to the", "oAIaZBeclNM-00803-00281877-00282086": "diabetes we know that diabetes is", "oAIaZBeclNM-00804-00282087-00282383": "correlate to lower gaston and low heart", "oAIaZBeclNM-00805-00282384-00282770": "rate variability okay let's say we see", "oAIaZBeclNM-00806-00282771-00282941": "the FA we have a question from the", "oAIaZBeclNM-00807-00282942-00283241": "audience and that is how do you measure", "oAIaZBeclNM-00808-00283242-00283571": "vagal activity your ready set that heart", "oAIaZBeclNM-00809-00283572-00284009": "rate variability is the is the parameter", "oAIaZBeclNM-00810-00284010-00284288": "that's interesting but how do you", "oAIaZBeclNM-00811-00284289-00284593": "measure that practically in your clinic", "oAIaZBeclNM-00812-00284594-00285140": "so the best tool because the heart is", "oAIaZBeclNM-00813-00285141-00285611": "just innervated by the heart it's it's", "oAIaZBeclNM-00814-00285612-00286115": "another example of autonomic nervous", "oAIaZBeclNM-00815-00286116-00286421": "system right so the heart it's like the", "oAIaZBeclNM-00816-00286422-00286639": "enteric nervous system is sympathetic or", "oAIaZBeclNM-00817-00286640-00287282": "the one to Vegas es is own autonomic", "oAIaZBeclNM-00818-00287283-00287623": "nervous system and the heart is", "oAIaZBeclNM-00819-00287624-00287951": "innervated by the vagus nerve and is", "oAIaZBeclNM-00820-00287952-00288296": "innervated by the sympathetic nervous", "oAIaZBeclNM-00821-00288297-00288769": "system so this is very easy so if the", "oAIaZBeclNM-00822-00288770-00289517": "the art as a very stone input we know", "oAIaZBeclNM-00823-00289518-00289796": "that the art rate will decrease if the", "oAIaZBeclNM-00824-00289797-00290087": "heart as I sympathetic input we know", "oAIaZBeclNM-00825-00290088-00290582": "that the art rail will increase right", "oAIaZBeclNM-00826-00290583-00290903": "and there is the balance between the art", "oAIaZBeclNM-00827-00290904-00290987": "function", "oAIaZBeclNM-00828-00290988-00291380": "and connection between the the vagus", "oAIaZBeclNM-00829-00291381-00291674": "input and the sympathetic one should be", "oAIaZBeclNM-00830-00291675-00292112": "normal we know that denervated heartbeat", "oAIaZBeclNM-00831-00292113-00292690": "about minimum 100 beats per minute but", "oAIaZBeclNM-00832-00292691-00293006": "collected heart right with the vagus in", "oAIaZBeclNM-00833-00293007-00293798": "separate enough system beats at rest", "oAIaZBeclNM-00834-00293799-00294200": "about 60 65 maybe 70 means that the", "oAIaZBeclNM-00835-00294201-00294841": "vagus the vagus nerve hacked like like", "oAIaZBeclNM-00836-00294842-00295187": "you know a foot in in the break of the", "oAIaZBeclNM-00837-00295188-00295403": "car so you have you have one foot in the", "oAIaZBeclNM-00838-00295404-00295646": "accelerator sympathetic and you have the", "oAIaZBeclNM-00839-00295647-00295940": "other foot in the brake right and this", "oAIaZBeclNM-00840-00295941-00296192": "is the world of vagus nerve and various", "oAIaZBeclNM-00841-00296193-00296354": "nerve therefore decrease the heart know", "oAIaZBeclNM-00842-00296355-00296681": "at rate variability in the lysis of the", "oAIaZBeclNM-00843-00296682-00296909": "variability of the artwork not the heart", "oAIaZBeclNM-00844-00296910-00297146": "rate but the variability because the", "oAIaZBeclNM-00845-00297147-00297592": "heart is not a metronome if your heart", "oAIaZBeclNM-00846-00297593-00298082": "is beating 60 beats a minute and every", "oAIaZBeclNM-00847-00298083-00298349": "second you have a heart beat which means", "oAIaZBeclNM-00848-00298350-00298613": "at the end 60 right you will be dead in", "oAIaZBeclNM-00849-00298614-00298763": "four days all right", "oAIaZBeclNM-00850-00298764-00299078": "because the variability is zero out rate", "oAIaZBeclNM-00851-00299079-00299558": "variability is zero okay so the heart", "oAIaZBeclNM-00852-00299559-00299993": "rate very millisecond like wave like", "oAIaZBeclNM-00853-00299994-00300443": "this you know some short in turbit", "oAIaZBeclNM-00854-00300444-00300659": "intervals some longer interval interval", "oAIaZBeclNM-00855-00300660-00300887": "we are measuring the inter bit interval", "oAIaZBeclNM-00856-00300888-00301427": "so it's on the QRS is the are the are", "oAIaZBeclNM-00857-00301428-00301811": "senior right so out rate variability the", "oAIaZBeclNM-00858-00301812-00302039": "best to measure our trade variability is", "oAIaZBeclNM-00859-00302040-00302486": "to an EKG all right it's not Apple watch", "oAIaZBeclNM-00860-00302487-00302918": "is not taller watch first Apple watch is", "oAIaZBeclNM-00861-00302919-00303260": "not doesn't give any good art will", "oAIaZBeclNM-00862-00303261-00303730": "variability is not we cannot trust this", "oAIaZBeclNM-00863-00303731-00303956": "poor our watch", "oAIaZBeclNM-00864-00303957-00304191": "or the system like this they can measure", "oAIaZBeclNM-00865-00304192-00304743": "is HRV is good in LT subject you have to", "oAIaZBeclNM-00866-00304744-00305083": "subject because if you study our", "oAIaZBeclNM-00867-00305084-00305357": "variability in a subject you don't maybe", "oAIaZBeclNM-00868-00305358-00305739": "need a kg but we are dealing with", "oAIaZBeclNM-00869-00305740-00306012": "patients so therefore you need an EKG", "oAIaZBeclNM-00870-00306013-00306371": "because problem in the polar watch or", "oAIaZBeclNM-00871-00306372-00306809": "the system they they show you the the", "oAIaZBeclNM-00872-00306810-00307181": "QRS sing L so you know the heart singer", "oAIaZBeclNM-00873-00307182-00307322": "the problem with disease like for", "oAIaZBeclNM-00874-00307323-00307747": "instance depression anxiety or other", "oAIaZBeclNM-00875-00307748-00308195": "disease mainly to abdominal rhythm like", "oAIaZBeclNM-00876-00308196-00308627": "krei arterial contraction pray", "oAIaZBeclNM-00877-00308628-00309098": "ventricular contraction also actually", "oAIaZBeclNM-00878-00309099-00309374": "our fibrillation which is very common in", "oAIaZBeclNM-00879-00309375-00309656": "case of athletes like the cyclist you", "oAIaZBeclNM-00880-00309657-00310022": "know in Tour de France or people you", "oAIaZBeclNM-00881-00310023-00310550": "used to do marathon marathon you know", "oAIaZBeclNM-00882-00310551-00310914": "endurance sport it's very well correlate", "oAIaZBeclNM-00883-00310915-00311156": "with a trio fibrillation and we know", "oAIaZBeclNM-00884-00311157-00311797": "that actual fibrillation can be can be", "oAIaZBeclNM-00885-00311798-00312158": "reversed by Vegas vagus nerve", "oAIaZBeclNM-00886-00312159-00312553": "stimulation so therefore the treatment", "oAIaZBeclNM-00887-00312554-00312830": "needs to be focused to restore the", "oAIaZBeclNM-00888-00312831-00313133": "sympathic vagal balance right in this", "oAIaZBeclNM-00889-00313134-00313388": "kind of this autonomia or when", "oAIaZBeclNM-00890-00313389-00313724": "sympathetic acting a bit normal or the", "oAIaZBeclNM-00891-00313725-00314048": "parasympathetic week or even if the", "oAIaZBeclNM-00892-00314049-00314273": "parasympathetic tone is true I am", "oAIaZBeclNM-00893-00314274-00314507": "normally my stimulate the vagus nerve", "oAIaZBeclNM-00894-00314508-00315117": "we will not Inc this hyper autonomia but", "oAIaZBeclNM-00895-00315118-00315449": "we will decrease it at this normal level", "oAIaZBeclNM-00896-00315450-00315731": "so you cannot over stimulate the vagus", "oAIaZBeclNM-00897-00315732-00316085": "nerve right but you can overstimulate", "oAIaZBeclNM-00898-00316086-00316376": "the same pyretic activity and you know", "oAIaZBeclNM-00899-00316377-00316706": "when patient is coming with pay", "oAIaZBeclNM-00900-00316707-00317108": "in structure in the muscles it's just", "oAIaZBeclNM-00901-00317109-00317243": "because the sympathetic nerve activity", "oAIaZBeclNM-00902-00317244-00317591": "is to I it's easy to measure it there is", "oAIaZBeclNM-00903-00317592-00317816": "you can visually operate you can I'm", "oAIaZBeclNM-00904-00317817-00318149": "sure the respiratory frequency you can", "oAIaZBeclNM-00905-00318150-00318526": "measure the the skin count instance and", "oAIaZBeclNM-00906-00318527-00318785": "the activity of the sweat gland right", "oAIaZBeclNM-00907-00318786-00319223": "for this imperative but HRV is this one", "oAIaZBeclNM-00908-00319224-00319601": "because you can see very well the vagus", "oAIaZBeclNM-00909-00319602-00319823": "tone where is it and you can see very", "oAIaZBeclNM-00910-00319824-00320126": "well the sympathetic activity where is", "oAIaZBeclNM-00911-00320127-00320273": "it and when you have a patient and", "oAIaZBeclNM-00912-00320274-00320618": "before doing your treatment you first do", "oAIaZBeclNM-00913-00320619-00321065": "your a eg to analyze this heart rate", "oAIaZBeclNM-00914-00321066-00321485": "variability analyzes which takes maybe", "oAIaZBeclNM-00915-00321486-00321842": "half an hour of assessment and then you", "oAIaZBeclNM-00916-00321843-00322019": "have your treatment whatever treatment", "oAIaZBeclNM-00917-00322020-00322306": "and afterwards you compare the effect", "oAIaZBeclNM-00918-00322307-00322805": "that you in use by that about this", "oAIaZBeclNM-00919-00322806-00323171": "sympathy your draggled balance right and", "oAIaZBeclNM-00920-00323172-00323372": "if the treatments is well done is a", "oAIaZBeclNM-00921-00323373-00323642": "well-directed right whatever it is but", "oAIaZBeclNM-00922-00323643-00323867": "you know that you have to act on the", "oAIaZBeclNM-00923-00323868-00324128": "autonomic nervous system balance then", "oAIaZBeclNM-00924-00324129-00324473": "you will see a difference you will see", "oAIaZBeclNM-00925-00324474-00324620": "that the same political activity", "oAIaZBeclNM-00926-00324621-00324908": "decrease and vagus tone increase just by", "oAIaZBeclNM-00927-00324909-00325481": "your treatment so here there is just at", "oAIaZBeclNM-00928-00325482-00325913": "the end just a figure say on the left", "oAIaZBeclNM-00929-00325914-00326137": "you have the afferent and efferent by a", "oAIaZBeclNM-00930-00326138-00326624": "pathway and you see that it can block", "oAIaZBeclNM-00931-00326625-00326954": "due to this activity it can block the", "oAIaZBeclNM-00932-00326955-00327128": "mechanism like sympathetic nervous", "oAIaZBeclNM-00933-00327129-00327320": "system oxidative stress inflammation", "oAIaZBeclNM-00934-00327321-00327818": "that are risk factors for the metabolic", "oAIaZBeclNM-00935-00327819-00328121": "syndrome here that will lead to disease", "oAIaZBeclNM-00936-00328122-00328409": "on the right but you see the on the top", "oAIaZBeclNM-00937-00328410-00328595": "as we said we have the genetics and the", "oAIaZBeclNM-00938-00328596-00328907": "environment so the genetic", "oAIaZBeclNM-00939-00328908-00329261": "G in can metate in good or in bed", "oAIaZBeclNM-00940-00329262-00329591": "nothing is fixed the body right this is", "oAIaZBeclNM-00941-00329592-00329831": "called plasticity and we know for", "oAIaZBeclNM-00942-00329832-00330113": "instance that vagus nerve stimulation", "oAIaZBeclNM-00943-00330114-00330533": "promote neurotrophic factors that will", "oAIaZBeclNM-00944-00330534-00330806": "in turn increase the neural plasticity", "oAIaZBeclNM-00945-00330807-00331049": "like for instance in multiple skleros", "oAIaZBeclNM-00946-00331050-00331364": "promote rate region or ten of nerve", "oAIaZBeclNM-00947-00331365-00331613": "right because multiple sclerosis as I", "oAIaZBeclNM-00948-00331614-00331886": "show you in in the second part of my", "oAIaZBeclNM-00949-00331887-00332165": "course that inflammation will just", "oAIaZBeclNM-00950-00332166-00332303": "destroy the neurons", "oAIaZBeclNM-00951-00332304-00332573": "okay so no information no neuronal", "oAIaZBeclNM-00952-00332574-00332969": "destroy but if there is genetics is", "oAIaZBeclNM-00953-00332970-00333365": "there okay so you cannot do anything for", "oAIaZBeclNM-00954-00333366-00333539": "the genetics that will mutate you have", "oAIaZBeclNM-00955-00333540-00333944": "just to improve the the the neural", "oAIaZBeclNM-00956-00333945-00334127": "plasticity but you can act on your", "oAIaZBeclNM-00957-00334128-00334457": "environment and one of the most one is", "oAIaZBeclNM-00958-00334458-00334667": "the food right and we know for instance", "oAIaZBeclNM-00959-00334668-00335219": "that sugar promotes inflammation so it's", "oAIaZBeclNM-00960-00335220-00335630": "not good that anything sugar we promote", "oAIaZBeclNM-00961-00335631-00335795": "inflammation we promote the sympathetic", "oAIaZBeclNM-00962-00335796-00336016": "nerve activity in oxidative stress so", "oAIaZBeclNM-00963-00336017-00336602": "diet with no sugar low low carb because", "oAIaZBeclNM-00964-00336603-00336766": "at the end carbs sugar right and", "oAIaZBeclNM-00965-00336767-00337301": "increase fat will have a very good", "oAIaZBeclNM-00966-00337302-00337481": "effect because it will decrease", "oAIaZBeclNM-00967-00337482-00337652": "inflammation decrease in particular", "oAIaZBeclNM-00968-00337653-00337973": "activity the mechanism we see there but", "oAIaZBeclNM-00969-00337974-00338171": "at the other hand it will stimulate the", "oAIaZBeclNM-00970-00338172-00338576": "vagus nerve because fat to be digest", "oAIaZBeclNM-00971-00338577-00338831": "need knee to normal which is called", "oAIaZBeclNM-00972-00338832-00339239": "cholecystokinin CKK and this hormone the", "oAIaZBeclNM-00973-00339240-00339482": "vagus nerve is a receptor or for this", "oAIaZBeclNM-00974-00339483-00339698": "hormone not only for this one but for", "oAIaZBeclNM-00975-00339699-00340055": "this one specifically and this one one", "oAIaZBeclNM-00976-00340056-00340472": "is released by fad and so if you eat fat", "oAIaZBeclNM-00977-00340473-00340832": "alright whatever the fat it will", "oAIaZBeclNM-00978-00340833-00341141": "stimulate the vagus nerve so we know", "oAIaZBeclNM-00979-00341142-00341315": "that for instance patients suffering", "oAIaZBeclNM-00980-00341316-00341738": "from irritable bowel syndrome or celiac", "oAIaZBeclNM-00981-00341739-00342658": "disease or or inflammatory bowel disease", "oAIaZBeclNM-00982-00342659-00343010": "right like right is something like this", "oAIaZBeclNM-00983-00343011-00343427": "when we promote this kind of", "oAIaZBeclNM-00984-00343428-00344045": "yet we have a variable vagal activity", "oAIaZBeclNM-00985-00344046-00344444": "that will increase right so food is very", "oAIaZBeclNM-00986-00344445-00344678": "very important also sport", "oAIaZBeclNM-00987-00344679-00344888": "we know that moderate sport activity", "oAIaZBeclNM-00988-00344889-00345365": "stimulate the vagus nerve not not not", "oAIaZBeclNM-00989-00345366-00345721": "over exercising so I mean you know", "oAIaZBeclNM-00990-00345722-00346055": "everything should be bonanza and what we", "oAIaZBeclNM-00991-00346056-00346349": "do so it's good to do exercise but it's", "oAIaZBeclNM-00992-00346350-00346673": "better to go to the gym once a week then", "oAIaZBeclNM-00993-00346674-00347102": "to go to the gym every day or five times", "oAIaZBeclNM-00994-00347103-00347471": "a week because this is not favorable for", "oAIaZBeclNM-00995-00347472-00347876": "the vagus nerve I think we reached the", "oAIaZBeclNM-00996-00347877-00348155": "end of the presentation I want to be", "oAIaZBeclNM-00997-00348156-00348362": "sure about that there is no yeah it is", "oAIaZBeclNM-00998-00348363-00348626": "the end okay thank you", "oAIaZBeclNM-00999-00348627-00349106": "I'm coming back here and maybe maybe", "oAIaZBeclNM-01000-00349107-00349466": "let's talk briefly before before we end", "oAIaZBeclNM-01001-00349467-00349820": "our evening let's talk briefly but what", "oAIaZBeclNM-01002-00349821-00350135": "do you do to stimulate the vagus you", "oAIaZBeclNM-01003-00350136-00350414": "have mentioned electric stimulation", "oAIaZBeclNM-01004-00350415-00350783": "already do you want to talk about that", "oAIaZBeclNM-01005-00350784-00350969": "for two minutes just to give us an idea", "oAIaZBeclNM-01006-00350970-00351400": "and how that works so the best the best", "oAIaZBeclNM-01007-00351401-00351728": "way to stimulate the vagus not let's say", "oAIaZBeclNM-01008-00351729-00351926": "the best because it's the strongest way", "oAIaZBeclNM-01009-00351927-00352412": "and some patient need very strong vagus", "oAIaZBeclNM-01010-00352413-00352625": "nerve stimulation because the vagus the", "oAIaZBeclNM-01011-00352626-00352787": "very storm is too low the same body", "oAIaZBeclNM-01012-00352788-00353096": "technique is to I because and it's", "oAIaZBeclNM-01013-00353097-00353314": "related to inflammation oxidative stress", "oAIaZBeclNM-01014-00353315-00353768": "right so in case of this patient like or", "oAIaZBeclNM-01015-00353769-00354011": "you can treat patients suffering from", "oAIaZBeclNM-01016-00354012-00354227": "epilepsy or you can treat patients", "oAIaZBeclNM-01017-00354228-00354743": "suffering from severe anxiety major", "oAIaZBeclNM-01018-00354744-00354944": "depression disorder resistant to", "oAIaZBeclNM-01019-00354945-00355160": "medication all you treat patients", "oAIaZBeclNM-01020-00355161-00355303": "suffering from rheumatoid arthritis", "oAIaZBeclNM-01021-00355304-00355760": "sorry asses and Crohn's disease for", "oAIaZBeclNM-01022-00355761-00356144": "instance I have diabetes right I have so", "oAIaZBeclNM-01023-00356145-00356477": "many example so I used non-invasive", "oAIaZBeclNM-01024-00356478-00356626": "vagus nerve stimulation", "oAIaZBeclNM-01025-00356627-00357268": "so means that non-invasive bio", "oAIaZBeclNM-01026-00357269-00357553": "electronic is no stimulation so we use", "oAIaZBeclNM-01027-00357554-00357700": "the electricity with different", "oAIaZBeclNM-01028-00357701-00358024": "parameters frequency and modulation of", "oAIaZBeclNM-01029-00358025-00358216": "the wave right explain this in the", "oAIaZBeclNM-01030-00358217-00358864": "course that will will stimulate the", "oAIaZBeclNM-01031-00358865-00359149": "vagus nerve or rebalance systole", "oAIaZBeclNM-01032-00359150-00359476": "right usually it's too low but sometimes", "oAIaZBeclNM-01033-00359477-00359938": "- I for instance if you have an example", "oAIaZBeclNM-01034-00359939-00360307": "of ire Vegas tone is when people feel", "oAIaZBeclNM-01035-00360308-00360705": "like our burn you know over acidity and", "oAIaZBeclNM-01036-00360706-00361588": "also gastro esophageal area right that", "oAIaZBeclNM-01037-00361589-00361879": "will lead to acid reflux and okay and", "oAIaZBeclNM-01038-00361880-00362374": "also food allergies right this is due to", "oAIaZBeclNM-01039-00362375-00362662": "hyper vagal activity we know where in", "oAIaZBeclNM-01040-00362663-00362968": "the brain it's a it's there so and when", "oAIaZBeclNM-01041-00362969-00363133": "we stimulate the vagus nerve the vagus", "oAIaZBeclNM-01042-00363134-00363564": "nerve as I said previously it modulates", "oAIaZBeclNM-01043-00363565-00363940": "about 80 percent of the total volume of", "oAIaZBeclNM-01044-00363941-00364279": "the brain which is very huge right so we", "oAIaZBeclNM-01045-00364280-00364474": "will counterbalance the sympathetic", "oAIaZBeclNM-01046-00364475-00364732": "activity from the prefrontal cortex or", "oAIaZBeclNM-01047-00364733-00365091": "other cortical area in the limbic area", "oAIaZBeclNM-01048-00365092-00365569": "for instance right and stimulating the", "oAIaZBeclNM-01049-00365570-00366096": "vagus nerve very strongly by electricity", "oAIaZBeclNM-01050-00366097-00366352": "we know that we have we will get", "oAIaZBeclNM-01051-00366353-00366637": "positive results so I have many example", "oAIaZBeclNM-01052-00366638-00367105": "that I will tell the the the participant", "oAIaZBeclNM-01053-00367106-00367540": "if they follow my course all successful", "oAIaZBeclNM-01054-00367541-00367795": "is it is I as I told you before a", "oAIaZBeclNM-01055-00367796-00368101": "patient crossing Canada flying eight", "oAIaZBeclNM-01056-00368102-00368389": "hours coming to see me because there is", "oAIaZBeclNM-01057-00368390-00368650": "no other mean to treat it like in autism", "oAIaZBeclNM-01058-00368651-00368962": "disorder okay it's another example so", "oAIaZBeclNM-01059-00368963-00369280": "many like this addiction right so it's", "oAIaZBeclNM-01060-00369281-00369529": "very successful now and when you have a", "oAIaZBeclNM-01061-00369530-00369855": "which is due your chest now just treat", "oAIaZBeclNM-01062-00369856-00370035": "patience when they are with you in the", "oAIaZBeclNM-01063-00370036-00370281": "practice or do they have a device to", "oAIaZBeclNM-01064-00370282-00370623": "take home and to treat themselves so at", "oAIaZBeclNM-01065-00370624-00370941": "the start we do several session at the", "oAIaZBeclNM-01066-00370942-00371322": "practice to be sure that it's safe to be", "oAIaZBeclNM-01067-00371323-00371544": "sure there is no side effect like not", "oAIaZBeclNM-01068-00371545-00371874": "inducing migraines you know or others", "oAIaZBeclNM-01069-00371875-00372180": "possible side effect which are very very", "oAIaZBeclNM-01070-00372181-00372597": "rare rare because tolerance and safety", "oAIaZBeclNM-01071-00372598-00372927": "of by electronic non-invasive by", "oAIaZBeclNM-01072-00372928-00373095": "director in a vagus nerve stimulation is", "oAIaZBeclNM-01073-00373096-00373602": "very very good so what i do i do i do an", "oAIaZBeclNM-01074-00373603-00373956": "EKG first do the analysis of the sample", "oAIaZBeclNM-01075-00373957-00374181": "to vagal balance with HR heart rate", "oAIaZBeclNM-01076-00374182-00374586": "variability for the patient see Wow okay", "oAIaZBeclNM-01077-00374587-00374811": "so now understand why I am like this and", "oAIaZBeclNM-01078-00374812-00375018": "just explain to the patient say you will", "oAIaZBeclNM-01079-00375019-00375380": "see we will do 45 minute stimulation", "oAIaZBeclNM-01080-00375381-00375783": "okay you come twice a week we will do it", "oAIaZBeclNM-01081-00375784-00375936": "for a month or something like this or", "oAIaZBeclNM-01082-00375937-00376191": "just a stimulation and then we do", "oAIaZBeclNM-01083-00376192-00376422": "another EKG heart rate variability and", "oAIaZBeclNM-01084-00376423-00376716": "the patient because yes the vagus nerve", "oAIaZBeclNM-01085-00376717-00376932": "stimulated it will not be perfect but", "oAIaZBeclNM-01086-00376933-00377265": "you see the difference you see you", "oAIaZBeclNM-01087-00377266-00377490": "regulate your vagal tone increase HRV", "oAIaZBeclNM-01088-00377491-00377772": "increase and sympathetic okay but", "oAIaZBeclNM-01089-00377773-00377991": "sometimes it's not enough because", "oAIaZBeclNM-01090-00377992-00378237": "patient with very severe depression", "oAIaZBeclNM-01091-00378238-00378477": "disorder HR v at the beginning and at", "oAIaZBeclNM-01092-00378478-00378732": "the end might be the same so you need to", "oAIaZBeclNM-01093-00378733-00378939": "stimulate so after what I say the", "oAIaZBeclNM-01094-00378940-00379140": "patient you will get the device and you", "oAIaZBeclNM-01095-00379141-00379443": "will do on treatment so I will prescribe", "oAIaZBeclNM-01096-00379444-00379662": "you you have to stimulate you three", "oAIaZBeclNM-01097-00379663-00379985": "hours a day or two hours a day or just", "oAIaZBeclNM-01098-00379986-00380508": "one hour they will be enough but we do", "oAIaZBeclNM-01099-00380509-00380718": "it every day and then you come back at", "oAIaZBeclNM-01100-00380719-00381045": "the clinic after one month we don't do", "oAIaZBeclNM-01101-00381046-00381309": "any other HRV you see and then the", "oAIaZBeclNM-01102-00381310-00381569": "patient go back home you continue and", "oAIaZBeclNM-01103-00381570-00381864": "and then you come after three months and", "oAIaZBeclNM-01104-00381865-00382305": "we do the control and sometimes just by", "oAIaZBeclNM-01105-00382306-00382596": "eight treatments at the clinic you can", "oAIaZBeclNM-01106-00382597-00382899": "clear up the symptoms I have an example", "oAIaZBeclNM-01107-00382900-00383028": "of a patient it was", "oAIaZBeclNM-01108-00383029-00383416": "I'm a nurse patient they came to see me", "oAIaZBeclNM-01109-00383417-00384066": "with trigeminal allodynia and just", "oAIaZBeclNM-01110-00384067-00384435": "flare-up of the trigeminal nerve and you", "oAIaZBeclNM-01111-00384436-00384758": "know painfully can be and she was on", "oAIaZBeclNM-01112-00384759-00385041": "auntie epileptic medication for it and", "oAIaZBeclNM-01113-00385042-00385245": "she has a side effect for the medication", "oAIaZBeclNM-01114-00385246-00385353": "and she didn't want to take the", "oAIaZBeclNM-01115-00385354-00385564": "medication and she want something more", "oAIaZBeclNM-01116-00385565-00385743": "natural and then she saw the vagus nerve", "oAIaZBeclNM-01117-00385744-00385947": "stimulation it said okay we know that", "oAIaZBeclNM-01118-00385948-00386184": "the treatment nerve and they serve a", "oAIaZBeclNM-01119-00386185-00386427": "very good friend and break in", "oAIaZBeclNM-01120-00386428-00386757": "embryology they they come for the same", "oAIaZBeclNM-01121-00386758-00387209": "branchial arch and you know it's five", "oAIaZBeclNM-01122-00387210-00387591": "one two three or four and very very", "oAIaZBeclNM-01123-00387592-00387860": "close good friend so instead of", "oAIaZBeclNM-01124-00387861-00388189": "stimulating the trigeminal nerve we", "oAIaZBeclNM-01125-00388190-00388527": "stimulate the vagus nerve and I show in", "oAIaZBeclNM-01126-00388528-00388687": "the course of stimulate the traditional", "oAIaZBeclNM-01127-00388688-00388982": "nerve as well which is good for children", "oAIaZBeclNM-01128-00388983-00389265": "so by stimulating the vagus nerve after", "oAIaZBeclNM-01129-00389266-00390000": "six session no more she was painless 45", "oAIaZBeclNM-01130-00390001-00390289": "minutes painless and she told me you", "oAIaZBeclNM-01131-00390290-00390555": "know I'd are burned before and I was", "oAIaZBeclNM-01132-00390556-00390852": "allergic to Tomatoes no I tried to eat", "oAIaZBeclNM-01133-00390853-00391259": "tomatoes again no more urban no more", "oAIaZBeclNM-01134-00391260-00391584": "fertility so the vagus nerve is not say", "oAIaZBeclNM-01135-00391585-00392001": "alright you targets specific frequency", "oAIaZBeclNM-01136-00392002-00392250": "it goes there but no because the vagus", "oAIaZBeclNM-01137-00392251-00392508": "nerve there is afferent and efferent so", "oAIaZBeclNM-01138-00392509-00392689": "it goes everywhere so it's the", "oAIaZBeclNM-01139-00392690-00392946": "systemically effect and every patient", "oAIaZBeclNM-01140-00392947-00393219": "suffering from psoriasis vagus nerve", "oAIaZBeclNM-01141-00393220-00393516": "stimulation after eight sessions maybe I", "oAIaZBeclNM-01142-00393517-00393814": "may interrupt you again for some people", "oAIaZBeclNM-01143-00393815-00393942": "this will for some of our colleagues", "oAIaZBeclNM-01144-00393943-00394269": "this will be an interesting option to", "oAIaZBeclNM-01145-00394270-00394575": "work with the device others will say I", "oAIaZBeclNM-01146-00394576-00394939": "don't want to do any electrotherapy even", "oAIaZBeclNM-01147-00394940-00395164": "if it's very effective I want to work", "oAIaZBeclNM-01148-00395165-00395484": "with my hands can we also use", "oAIaZBeclNM-01149-00395485-00395689": "osteopathic techniques to have a", "oAIaZBeclNM-01150-00395690-00396018": "comparable effect on the vagus and if", "oAIaZBeclNM-01151-00396019-00396210": "you knew that what do you do in which", "oAIaZBeclNM-01152-00396211-00396391": "zones of the body to your", "oAIaZBeclNM-01153-00396392-00396613": "can you give us a brief example for two", "oAIaZBeclNM-01154-00396614-00396960": "to close our session for tonight if you", "oAIaZBeclNM-01155-00396961-00397179": "know your Anatomy you have to enter", "oAIaZBeclNM-01156-00397180-00397300": "right", "oAIaZBeclNM-01157-00397301-00397869": "so the vagus nerve stimulate or modulate", "oAIaZBeclNM-01158-00397870-00398212": "mostly all organ in the body the only", "oAIaZBeclNM-01159-00398213-00398583": "one in Minot we are not still sure would", "oAIaZBeclNM-01160-00398584-00398807": "be the spleen right", "oAIaZBeclNM-01161-00398808-00399490": "but although otherwise it stimulates all", "oAIaZBeclNM-01162-00399491-00399940": "the organs so we said that the Bears", "oAIaZBeclNM-01163-00399941-00400331": "knife is a very powerful natural", "oAIaZBeclNM-01164-00400332-00400618": "immunosuppressant effect and auntie", "oAIaZBeclNM-01165-00400619-00400795": "inflammatory action okay", "oAIaZBeclNM-01166-00400796-00401212": "and in from the inflammation what is", "oAIaZBeclNM-01167-00401213-00401439": "promote to inflammation the bodies are", "oAIaZBeclNM-01168-00401440-00402027": "macrophage macrophage they are very rich", "oAIaZBeclNM-01169-00402028-00402589": "in the part of the body that we talk we", "oAIaZBeclNM-01170-00402590-00402841": "name the reticular on the Talia's system", "oAIaZBeclNM-01171-00402842-00402993": "and the reticulo-endothelial system", "oAIaZBeclNM-01172-00402994-00403516": "organ is the heart the lungs right the", "oAIaZBeclNM-01173-00403517-00404047": "digestive tract and the GI T okay those", "oAIaZBeclNM-01174-00404048-00404379": "organs are very in spleen and the liver", "oAIaZBeclNM-01175-00404380-00404760": "very rich in macrophage so we have to", "oAIaZBeclNM-01176-00404761-00405112": "see those are gone you know you remember", "oAIaZBeclNM-01177-00405113-00405373": "the the summit of visceral reflex", "oAIaZBeclNM-01178-00405374-00405673": "alright so we have the cartography in", "oAIaZBeclNM-01179-00405674-00405999": "the spine related to this blank blank", "oAIaZBeclNM-01180-00406000-00406379": "nerve where the goes right from c7 to", "oAIaZBeclNM-01181-00406380-00406972": "from t7 t9 or t10 we have the splenic", "oAIaZBeclNM-01182-00406973-00407194": "goes to the celiac ganglia celiac", "oAIaZBeclNM-01183-00407195-00407574": "ganglia go to the innervation of the", "oAIaZBeclNM-01184-00407575-00408067": "spleen right and also other organic so", "oAIaZBeclNM-01185-00408068-00408324": "we have to find if in this area there is", "oAIaZBeclNM-01186-00408325-00408598": "no lesion right if there is no other", "oAIaZBeclNM-01187-00408599-00408841": "activity of the sympathetic because", "oAIaZBeclNM-01188-00408842-00409104": "there is a contracture so the posture is", "oAIaZBeclNM-01189-00409105-00409380": "very important so we have to address", "oAIaZBeclNM-01190-00409381-00409785": "those area but also here see wine", "oAIaZBeclNM-01191-00409787-00410025": "but this is more an influence on the", "oAIaZBeclNM-01192-00410026-00410266": "sympathetic nervous system not on the", "oAIaZBeclNM-01193-00410267-00410725": "vagus so much you know that little John", "oAIaZBeclNM-01194-00410726-00411330": "said the primary treatment is inhibition", "oAIaZBeclNM-01195-00411331-00411625": "its inhibition be careful with", "oAIaZBeclNM-01196-00411626-00411817": "inhibition because if you stimulate if", "oAIaZBeclNM-01197-00411818-00412110": "you any be in bed too much it will lead", "oAIaZBeclNM-01198-00412112-00412507": "to stimulation all right so long", "oAIaZBeclNM-01199-00412508-00412818": "treatment therefore are not good so", "oAIaZBeclNM-01200-00412820-00413137": "inhibition why because we are more on", "oAIaZBeclNM-01201-00413138-00413443": "the flight or fight then on the the", "oAIaZBeclNM-01202-00413443-00413755": "resin digest the the vagus tony is i", "oAIaZBeclNM-01203-00413756-00414018": "during the night a bit and in the", "oAIaZBeclNM-01204-00414020-00414175": "morning and then it's just it's", "oAIaZBeclNM-01205-00414176-00414418": "sympathetic and then the environment you", "oAIaZBeclNM-01206-00414418-00414757": "know pollution the food pesticide we", "oAIaZBeclNM-01207-00414758-00415120": "promote the synthetic so we have to do", "oAIaZBeclNM-01208-00415121-00415339": "in emission to the simple additive near", "oAIaZBeclNM-01209-00415339-00415525": "resistant then and then afterwards we", "oAIaZBeclNM-01210-00415526-00415699": "can stimulate the vagus nerve for", "oAIaZBeclNM-01211-00415700-00415918": "instance by adjusting lesion in the", "oAIaZBeclNM-01212-00415918-00416179": "upper cervical right real exit make sure", "oAIaZBeclNM-01213-00416180-00416377": "that all the tissue in the necks are", "oAIaZBeclNM-01214-00416378-00416701": "free pericardium structure are free you", "oAIaZBeclNM-01215-00416702-00416943": "can stimulate you can do liver Palm", "oAIaZBeclNM-01216-00416945-00417427": "Spring Palm cardiac pump you know and", "oAIaZBeclNM-01217-00417428-00418003": "also a very powerful visceral treatment", "oAIaZBeclNM-01218-00418004-00418270": "to the guts right because we know that", "oAIaZBeclNM-01219-00418271-00418899": "if we do get treatment right we have a", "oAIaZBeclNM-01220-00418900-00419281": "positive action on the vagus nerve right", "oAIaZBeclNM-01221-00419282-00419564": "Forest and in autism it is the brain and", "oAIaZBeclNM-01222-00419566-00419857": "the brain in the gut connection right so", "oAIaZBeclNM-01223-00419858-00420352": "I show so I use the vagus nerve", "oAIaZBeclNM-01224-00420353-00420597": "stimulation by right trick okay because", "oAIaZBeclNM-01225-00420599-00421039": "I practice integrative Osteopathy when I", "oAIaZBeclNM-01226-00421039-00421438": "cannot use osteo patty or I say this", "oAIaZBeclNM-01227-00421439-00421651": "treatment we talk cause too much for a", "oAIaZBeclNM-01228-00421652-00421983": "patient suffering from depression", "oAIaZBeclNM-01229-00421984-00422272": "because what an osteopath can do", "oAIaZBeclNM-01230-00422272-00422575": "formation depression disorder I'm not", "oAIaZBeclNM-01231-00422576-00422826": "sure many osteopath treat patient with", "oAIaZBeclNM-01232-00422827-00423082": "several depression is I'm not sure so", "oAIaZBeclNM-01233-00423083-00423166": "bad", "oAIaZBeclNM-01234-00423167-00423495": "treat colitis or other inflammatory", "oAIaZBeclNM-01235-00423496-00423885": "bowel disease right there articles is", "oAIaZBeclNM-01236-00423887-00424172": "very complected it's quite effective", "oAIaZBeclNM-01237-00424174-00424480": "there are studies that show that manual", "oAIaZBeclNM-01238-00424481-00424921": "treatment is effective yeah research but", "oAIaZBeclNM-01239-00424922-00425221": "remember that research is free the", "oAIaZBeclNM-01240-00425222-00425482": "patient doesn't pay when you do research", "oAIaZBeclNM-01241-00425483-00425614": "yes it's free", "oAIaZBeclNM-01242-00425614-00425854": "yeah so if the patient is to pay for the", "oAIaZBeclNM-01243-00425855-00426124": "same stuff and lasts right because you", "oAIaZBeclNM-01244-00426125-00426403": "cannot say I do five treatment and then", "oAIaZBeclNM-01245-00426404-00426610": "that's it no it will go back naturally", "oAIaZBeclNM-01246-00426610-00426841": "right so it's a very very long", "oAIaZBeclNM-01247-00426842-00427093": "management right and if you want to have", "oAIaZBeclNM-01248-00427093-00427384": "an effective the very the cheapest and", "oAIaZBeclNM-01249-00427385-00427558": "the most effective is vagus nerve", "oAIaZBeclNM-01250-00427559-00427867": "stimulation by electronic medicine no if", "oAIaZBeclNM-01251-00427868-00428268": "you have moderate or not why imbalance", "oAIaZBeclNM-01252-00428270-00428530": "be talked on I mean not to I seem out of", "oAIaZBeclNM-01253-00428531-00428724": "a girl balance right you can do the", "oAIaZBeclNM-01254-00428725-00428980": "osteopathic treatment we know for", "oAIaZBeclNM-01255-00428981-00429250": "instance right and I teach this as well", "oAIaZBeclNM-01256-00429251-00429730": "because someone say no here in Canada or", "oAIaZBeclNM-01257-00429731-00430120": "to a part cannot do electrical device so", "oAIaZBeclNM-01258-00430121-00430443": "you have to show us what automatic", "oAIaZBeclNM-01259-00430445-00430668": "treatment can change this sympathizer", "oAIaZBeclNM-01260-00430670-00430906": "and I say you know the first one is the", "oAIaZBeclNM-01261-00430907-00431722": "geot so I have a call from the", "oAIaZBeclNM-01262-00431722-00432097": "mechanical aspects of the G ot I connect", "oAIaZBeclNM-01263-00432097-00432268": "it to the neuro on the chronology", "oAIaZBeclNM-01264-00432268-00432589": "manraja care aspect no digty when we do", "oAIaZBeclNM-01265-00432589-00433006": "the G ot what area we focus right relate", "oAIaZBeclNM-01266-00433007-00433309": "to the just anatomy of the autonomic", "oAIaZBeclNM-01267-00433310-00433567": "nervous system we have an action to the", "oAIaZBeclNM-01268-00433568-00433710": "enteric nervous system we have to ration", "oAIaZBeclNM-01269-00433712-00433993": "to by the leverage we use in the VOT", "oAIaZBeclNM-01270-00433993-00434254": "right and this is multi variable because", "oAIaZBeclNM-01271-00434255-00434712": "when I teach the G ot as it's a basic", "oAIaZBeclNM-01272-00434713-00434950": "osteopathic treatment to include at the", "oAIaZBeclNM-01273-00434951-00435199": "same part of a girl balance I do an HRV", "oAIaZBeclNM-01274-00435200-00435613": "EKG HIV before I do it t OT 20 minutes", "oAIaZBeclNM-01275-00435614-00436072": "right and then I do another EKG and HIV", "oAIaZBeclNM-01276-00436072-00436510": "and we see the improvement this is done", "oAIaZBeclNM-01277-00436510-00436580": "with", "oAIaZBeclNM-01278-00436581-00436814": "most of the time participants are", "oAIaZBeclNM-01279-00436814-00437120": "healthy right so if your patient is not", "oAIaZBeclNM-01280-00437121-00437441": "healthy we take longer time or other", "oAIaZBeclNM-01281-00437442-00437543": "technique", "oAIaZBeclNM-01282-00437543-00437722": "several studies showing that", "oAIaZBeclNM-01283-00437722-00438193": "manipulating c1c to improve the vagus", "oAIaZBeclNM-01284-00438195-00438602": "tone or you know all order others to do", "oAIaZBeclNM-01285-00438603-00438884": "like this or improving xiety it's very", "oAIaZBeclNM-01286-00438885-00439184": "recent in term of research right it's", "oAIaZBeclNM-01287-00439185-00439553": "just the start and the HRV or the", "oAIaZBeclNM-01288-00439554-00439787": "understanding of our reliability is very", "oAIaZBeclNM-01289-00439788-00440108": "complex very very complex but when you", "oAIaZBeclNM-01290-00440109-00440389": "understand this right it's a powerful", "oAIaZBeclNM-01291-00440391-00440851": "tool for you to measure and objectively", "oAIaZBeclNM-01292-00440852-00441158": "the the benefit of your treatment", "oAIaZBeclNM-01293-00441159-00441464": "because if after your HRV is the same or", "oAIaZBeclNM-01294-00441464-00441695": "even lower let's say okay i don't do", "oAIaZBeclNM-01295-00441696-00442003": "anything here buddha i have to change my", "oAIaZBeclNM-01296-00442004-00442283": "you know my rifle from the shoulder and", "oAIaZBeclNM-01297-00442284-00442472": "do something else and this is the only", "oAIaZBeclNM-01298-00442472-00442918": "stuff that osteopath doesn't use because", "oAIaZBeclNM-01299-00442920-00443093": "they are not they don't know about it", "oAIaZBeclNM-01300-00443093-00443452": "right so I do and in in the courses", "oAIaZBeclNM-01301-00443453-00443693": "there is a part chapter about heart rate", "oAIaZBeclNM-01302-00443693-00444062": "variability and into the EKG and we test", "oAIaZBeclNM-01303-00444063-00444284": "before we test after whatever we", "oAIaZBeclNM-01304-00444285-00444509": "stimulate electrically or manual", "oAIaZBeclNM-01305-00444510-00445022": "treatment you know for instance in", "oAIaZBeclNM-01306-00445022-00445447": "Austria I will talk about biometric", "oAIaZBeclNM-01307-00445447-00445742": "vagus nerve stimulation in Germany I'm", "oAIaZBeclNM-01308-00445743-00445964": "talking about osteopathic treatment for", "oAIaZBeclNM-01309-00445964-00446264": "autoimmune disease you know it's just", "oAIaZBeclNM-01310-00446264-00446572": "the same principle but we use manual", "oAIaZBeclNM-01311-00446574-00446843": "technique instead of electrical", "oAIaZBeclNM-01312-00446843-00447175": "technique thank you", "oAIaZBeclNM-01313-00447176-00447479": "as you said in the beginning it's a very", "oAIaZBeclNM-01314-00447480-00447728": "interesting subject it's a very complex", "oAIaZBeclNM-01315-00447729-00447968": "subject where everything seems to be", "oAIaZBeclNM-01316-00447968-00448196": "related with everything and we are", "oAIaZBeclNM-01317-00448197-00448397": "looking forward to hearing more from you", "oAIaZBeclNM-01318-00448397-00448610": "when you come I think in October we have", "oAIaZBeclNM-01319-00448610-00448976": "we said I see in October yes good so", "oAIaZBeclNM-01320-00448977-00449267": "thanks again have a nice rest of the", "oAIaZBeclNM-01321-00449268-00449614": "afternoon and looking forward to seeing", "oAIaZBeclNM-01322-00449616-00449879": "you soon yeah thank you very much to you", "oAIaZBeclNM-01323-00449880-00449939": "for you", "oAIaZBeclNM-01324-00449939-00450224": "I hope that they understand a bit bit", "oAIaZBeclNM-01325-00450225-00450479": "more oil words and it's a very complex", "oAIaZBeclNM-01326-00450480-00451067": "subject as you say but I go in to", "oAIaZBeclNM-01327-00451068-00451318": "different modules level 1 level 2 to", "oAIaZBeclNM-01328-00451320-00451625": "cover all the neuron doctrine in immune", "oAIaZBeclNM-01329-00451626-00451868": "system we played to the to the vagus", "oAIaZBeclNM-01330-00451868-00452108": "nerve and the treatment whatever it is", "oAIaZBeclNM-01331-00452109-00452477": "manual or electronic thank you all right", "oAIaZBeclNM-01332-00452478-00452813": "thank you very much remodeled bye good", "oAIaZBeclNM-01333-00452814-00453128": "bye thank you", "oAIaZBeclNM-01334-00453129-00453485": "I know I refuse to confuse the peplum", "oAIaZBeclNM-01335-00453485-00453937": "and it seemed it was like nervous to be", "oAIaZBeclNM-01336-00453938-00454304": "incontinent is keep it on Dan and", "oAIaZBeclNM-01337-00454305-00454496": "respect to it was was VA mittens a", "oAIaZBeclNM-01338-00454497-00454799": "cocoon I went to Reno in rakia Sean it's", "oAIaZBeclNM-01339-00454800-00455027": "any Comerica welcome skip time of", "oAIaZBeclNM-01340-00455028-00455243": "Illinois or stay on the vagus nerve", "oAIaZBeclNM-01341-00455243-00455464": "stimulation esta and in the Santa", "oAIaZBeclNM-01342-00455466-00455714": "Specter a missing key field that will be", "oAIaZBeclNM-01343-00455714-00455950": "mocked over phone him me a trabajar Gong", "oAIaZBeclNM-01344-00455951-00456245": "in cafe still point kids next able heavy", "oAIaZBeclNM-01345-00456246-00456547": "Tibet food in Montague Easter spoken on", "oAIaZBeclNM-01346-00456549-00456842": "eat weeks on a me to keep the standards", "oAIaZBeclNM-01347-00456843-00457139": "wet descend on on tablets delayed Steve", "oAIaZBeclNM-01348-00457139-00457414": "organs are impervious to admit America", "oAIaZBeclNM-01349-00457416-00457838": "very Kim Linea elation can't feel that", "oAIaZBeclNM-01350-00457839-00458063": "for children Shannon armed on to Simmons", "oAIaZBeclNM-01351-00458064-00458410": "the mixed pave"}}, {"audio_id": "oAK-UV8YShk", "text": {"oAK-UV8YShk-00000-00000110-00000419": "if I was to describe my art and one word", "oAK-UV8YShk-00001-00000420-00000719": "I think it's tangible everyone loves to", "oAK-UV8YShk-00002-00000720-00001012": "be able to reach out touch it swipe the", "oAK-UV8YShk-00003-00001013-00001235": "water see the glass like feeling of the", "oAK-UV8YShk-00004-00001236-00001453": "resin feel the matte texture of the", "oAK-UV8YShk-00005-00001454-00001768": "rocks or even like the fuzziness of the", "oAK-UV8YShk-00006-00001769-00001937": "greenery I think that's what everyone", "oAK-UV8YShk-00007-00001938-00003315": "loves about it", "oAK-UV8YShk-00008-00003315-00003522": "you"}}, {"audio_id": "oAKTIV7EluM", "text": {"oAKTIV7EluM-00000-00000006-00000353": "ladies and gentlemen welcome back I'm", "oAKTIV7EluM-00001-00000354-00000557": "major rich horror and is my pleasure to", "oAKTIV7EluM-00002-00000558-00000703": "introduce our next guest speaker", "oAKTIV7EluM-00003-00000704-00000961": "retired colonel Mike Dr Zinio the", "oAKTIV7EluM-00004-00000963-00001223": "following video covers Colonel Mike DRG", "oAKTIV7EluM-00005-00001224-00001460": "Neos career as a soft aviator leader and", "oAKTIV7EluM-00006-00001461-00002112": "innovator", "oAKTIV7EluM-00007-00002113-00004583": "[Music]", "oAKTIV7EluM-00008-00004584-00004820": "retired Air Force colonel Michael Jade", "oAKTIV7EluM-00009-00004821-00005072": "rginia was selected as an eagle for his", "oAKTIV7EluM-00010-00005073-00005312": "leadership and innovation he was tasked", "oAKTIV7EluM-00011-00005313-00005492": "by Air Force Special Operations Command", "oAKTIV7EluM-00012-00005493-00005690": "to lead the rapid building and", "oAKTIV7EluM-00013-00005691-00005984": "deployment of the u28 a tactical", "oAKTIV7EluM-00014-00005985-00006140": "intelligence surveillance and", "oAKTIV7EluM-00015-00006141-00006308": "reconnaissance platform in the summer of", "oAKTIV7EluM-00016-00006309-00006581": "2005 Colonel Dodge NGO started his", "oAKTIV7EluM-00017-00006581-00006836": "career fly in the seat 101a then joined", "oAKTIV7EluM-00018-00006837-00007037": "Air Force Special Operations Command in", "oAKTIV7EluM-00019-00007038-00007345": "1993 joined in the 16th special", "oAKTIV7EluM-00020-00007347-00007584": "operations squadron flying", "oAKTIV7EluM-00021-00007586-00008000": "ac-130h spectre gunship after combat", "oAKTIV7EluM-00022-00008001-00008185": "deployments to Somalia and Bosnia", "oAKTIV7EluM-00023-00008186-00008360": "transition to the fourth Special", "oAKTIV7EluM-00024-00008361-00008671": "Operations Squadron find the new ac-130u", "oAKTIV7EluM-00025-00008672-00009065": "Spectre gunship Colonel déjenos Cruz", "oAKTIV7EluM-00026-00009066-00009278": "played critical combat roles in Albania", "oAKTIV7EluM-00027-00009279-00009596": "and Kosovo and following attacks on", "oAKTIV7EluM-00028-00009597-00009905": "September 11 2001 he led a sixth ship", "oAKTIV7EluM-00029-00009906-00010205": "deployment of ac-130 use to support", "oAKTIV7EluM-00030-00010206-00010471": "combat operations in Afghanistan his", "oAKTIV7EluM-00031-00010472-00010616": "crew received the Distinguished Flying", "oAKTIV7EluM-00032-00010617-00010874": "Cross for its role in the initial raid", "oAKTIV7EluM-00033-00010875-00011146": "and airfield seizure of key Taliban", "oAKTIV7EluM-00034-00011147-00011690": "objectives on 19 October 2001 in 2003", "oAKTIV7EluM-00035-00011691-00011888": "Ronald irogenia was tasked integrate Air", "oAKTIV7EluM-00036-00011889-00012155": "Force Special Operations aircraft as", "oAKTIV7EluM-00037-00012156-00012365": "part of the aviation tactics evaluation", "oAKTIV7EluM-00038-00012366-00012727": "group in spring 2005 while serving on", "oAKTIV7EluM-00039-00012728-00012902": "the Joint Special Operations Command", "oAKTIV7EluM-00040-00012903-00013157": "staff it was a significant shortfall in", "oAKTIV7EluM-00041-00013158-00013363": "tactical is our aircraft", "oAKTIV7EluM-00042-00013365-00013571": "prova general reached out to Special", "oAKTIV7EluM-00043-00013572-00013786": "Operations Command and then in turn to", "oAKTIV7EluM-00044-00013787-00013925": "the Air Force Special Operations Command", "oAKTIV7EluM-00045-00013926-00014135": "to solve for the Col gap in combat", "oAKTIV7EluM-00046-00014136-00014447": "operations in summer 2005 rural Virginia", "oAKTIV7EluM-00047-00014447-00014719": "was a scientist commander of the 319th", "oAKTIV7EluM-00048-00014720-00014950": "Special Operations Squadron and was", "oAKTIV7EluM-00049-00014951-00015161": "immediately tasked with the rapid", "oAKTIV7EluM-00050-00015162-00015377": "acquisition of building in the you 28", "oAKTIV7EluM-00051-00015378-00015661": "eight aircraft and the tactical is on a", "oAKTIV7EluM-00052-00015662-00016028": "mission sent did in a joint team Colonel", "oAKTIV7EluM-00053-00016029-00016159": "Dodge Ennio deployed the first two", "oAKTIV7EluM-00054-00016160-00016475": "aircraft in June 2006 less than nine", "oAKTIV7EluM-00055-00016476-00016747": "months from initial design in fall of", "oAKTIV7EluM-00056-00016748-00017125": "2006 December 2007 319th Special", "oAKTIV7EluM-00057-00017126-00017342": "Operations Squadron grew in six aircraft", "oAKTIV7EluM-00058-00017343-00017830": "14 and 30 to 150 personnel in filled", "oAKTIV7EluM-00059-00017831-00018017": "with the block 10 and block 20 aircraft", "oAKTIV7EluM-00060-00018018-00018403": "modifications fostered an unquestioned", "oAKTIV7EluM-00061-00018404-00018725": "mission first mantra the 319th", "oAKTIV7EluM-00062-00018726-00018953": "year 28 quickly became a required", "oAKTIV7EluM-00063-00018954-00019189": "aircraft Nasdaq the joint community's", "oAKTIV7EluM-00064-00019190-00019478": "most critical missions Colonel dodge", "oAKTIV7EluM-00065-00019479-00019727": "Ennio retired in 2013 following group", "oAKTIV7EluM-00066-00019728-00020003": "command and 26 years of distinguished", "oAKTIV7EluM-00067-00020004-00020236": "service supported by his wife and four", "oAKTIV7EluM-00068-00020237-00021313": "children", "oAKTIV7EluM-00069-00021314-00021658": "the gathering Eagles program aims to", "oAKTIV7EluM-00070-00021659-00021814": "capture the lessons and insights of air", "oAKTIV7EluM-00071-00021815-00022052": "power leaders the format of Colonel Dr", "oAKTIV7EluM-00072-00022053-00022202": "Zinio speech today will be an interview", "oAKTIV7EluM-00073-00022203-00022444": "on stage followed by question in the", "oAKTIV7EluM-00074-00022445-00022633": "answer session with the audience ladies", "oAKTIV7EluM-00075-00022634-00022805": "and gentlemen please welcome for my", "oAKTIV7EluM-00076-00022806-00023878": "video", "oAKTIV7EluM-00077-00023879-00024296": "and I might", "oAKTIV7EluM-00078-00024297-00024852": "[Applause]", "oAKTIV7EluM-00079-00024853-00025092": "thank you for joining us today sir thank", "oAKTIV7EluM-00080-00025093-00025258": "you thanks rich and first off I just", "oAKTIV7EluM-00081-00025259-00025588": "want to say that I'm honored and humbled", "oAKTIV7EluM-00082-00025589-00025983": "to be invited to the event this goes", "oAKTIV7EluM-00083-00025985-00026343": "contrary to the quiet professional ethos", "oAKTIV7EluM-00084-00026344-00026629": "that that we live out in our daily lives", "oAKTIV7EluM-00085-00026630-00026839": "so I know you had quite a strong", "oAKTIV7EluM-00086-00026839-00027049": "lobbying team behind you and I see quite", "oAKTIV7EluM-00087-00027050-00027262": "a few subdued patches of criminals out", "oAKTIV7EluM-00088-00027263-00027574": "there so I you had them to blame but I I", "oAKTIV7EluM-00089-00027575-00027895": "have enjoyed our conversations and I", "oAKTIV7EluM-00090-00027895-00028140": "appreciate your patience going through", "oAKTIV7EluM-00091-00028141-00028395": "all of them I also appreciate the our", "oAKTIV7EluM-00092-00028397-00028657": "University and their work on you know", "oAKTIV7EluM-00093-00028658-00028873": "making my ramblings over you know", "oAKTIV7EluM-00094-00028874-00029023": "several hours into something that's", "oAKTIV7EluM-00095-00029024-00029268": "somewhat intelligible to read so I do", "oAKTIV7EluM-00096-00029269-00029496": "appreciate that", "oAKTIV7EluM-00097-00029497-00029704": "when you asked me what we want to do for", "oAKTIV7EluM-00098-00029705-00029917": "the stage portion and really I just", "oAKTIV7EluM-00099-00029918-00030093": "wanted to kind of continue our", "oAKTIV7EluM-00100-00030094-00030396": "conversation and just leave it to you to", "oAKTIV7EluM-00101-00030397-00030633": "take it wherever you think you'd like to", "oAKTIV7EluM-00102-00030635-00030850": "and where the audience's it would be", "oAKTIV7EluM-00103-00030851-00031039": "most interested I never know what's", "oAKTIV7EluM-00104-00031039-00031177": "going to come out of my mouth so it's a", "oAKTIV7EluM-00105-00031177-00031527": "it's it's in your hands when I gave you", "oAKTIV7EluM-00106-00031528-00031665": "that response I did not realize that", "oAKTIV7EluM-00107-00031666-00031974": "this would be a graded event for you so", "oAKTIV7EluM-00108-00031975-00032502": "so no pressure don't it up but", "oAKTIV7EluM-00109-00032502-00032815": "again I'm honored to be here so thank", "oAKTIV7EluM-00110-00032816-00033025": "you appreciate again sir and to the", "oAKTIV7EluM-00111-00033026-00033265": "folks in the audience such as a general", "oAKTIV7EluM-00112-00033266-00033451": "hold and a few others that hope", "oAKTIV7EluM-00113-00033452-00033571": "convinced you to be here", "oAKTIV7EluM-00114-00033572-00033727": "I really do appreciate that as a graded", "oAKTIV7EluM-00115-00033728-00033852": "event I needed someone that I could", "oAKTIV7EluM-00116-00033853-00033955": "actually work with and that's definitely", "oAKTIV7EluM-00117-00033956-00034212": "been the case the last tense months so", "oAKTIV7EluM-00118-00034213-00034365": "the quiet professional and someone that", "oAKTIV7EluM-00119-00034366-00034495": "potentially talks too much we should be", "oAKTIV7EluM-00120-00034496-00034786": "able to make this happen today so sir", "oAKTIV7EluM-00121-00034787-00034968": "throughout the last ten months one thing", "oAKTIV7EluM-00122-00034969-00035115": "has been constant we heard in your video", "oAKTIV7EluM-00123-00035116-00035364": "is that mission first mantra so moving", "oAKTIV7EluM-00124-00035365-00035632": "into the early part of your career what", "oAKTIV7EluM-00125-00035633-00035776": "started developing that mission first", "oAKTIV7EluM-00126-00035777-00036001": "mantra that is part of community now to", "oAKTIV7EluM-00127-00036002-00036477": "this day the for me then that comes", "oAKTIV7EluM-00128-00036478-00036676": "really down to a clear understanding of", "oAKTIV7EluM-00129-00036677-00036952": "what is a supporting force and what is a", "oAKTIV7EluM-00130-00036953-00037210": "supported force and I think in the Air", "oAKTIV7EluM-00131-00037211-00037462": "Force that's a hard", "oAKTIV7EluM-00132-00037463-00037637": "thing to grasp and understand I know", "oAKTIV7EluM-00133-00037638-00037907": "certainly for me it was coming in coming", "oAKTIV7EluM-00134-00037908-00038096": "into the Air Force you know for me it", "oAKTIV7EluM-00135-00038097-00038270": "was hey it was all about me what I", "oAKTIV7EluM-00136-00038271-00038411": "wanted to do and that was kind of", "oAKTIV7EluM-00137-00038412-00038792": "reinforced or early on and even when you", "oAKTIV7EluM-00138-00038793-00038915": "go through pilot training what's the", "oAKTIV7EluM-00139-00038916-00039071": "first official photo that they take you", "oAKTIV7EluM-00140-00039072-00039268": "view a pilot training it's the hero in", "oAKTIV7EluM-00141-00039269-00039440": "front of your primary trainer so again", "oAKTIV7EluM-00142-00039441-00039605": "it's it's you up in front and that's", "oAKTIV7EluM-00143-00039606-00039712": "what you're thinking about and then", "oAKTIV7EluM-00144-00039713-00039917": "you're fighting for what airplane do you", "oAKTIV7EluM-00145-00039918-00040085": "want to fly what what mission do you", "oAKTIV7EluM-00146-00040086-00040243": "want to do and you're fighting for that", "oAKTIV7EluM-00147-00040244-00040436": "in your class ranking then you get your", "oAKTIV7EluM-00148-00040437-00040571": "first squadron it's okay", "oAKTIV7EluM-00149-00040572-00040811": "what what positions do I need to have", "oAKTIV7EluM-00150-00040812-00040987": "and what do I want to do to ascend to do", "oAKTIV7EluM-00151-00040988-00041237": "what I want to do so I think for me you", "oAKTIV7EluM-00152-00041238-00041623": "know it was a constant path of maturing", "oAKTIV7EluM-00153-00041624-00041831": "but that's the start point and that's", "oAKTIV7EluM-00154-00041832-00041984": "what I had to kind of understand and get", "oAKTIV7EluM-00155-00041985-00042218": "through and that kind of goes across all", "oAKTIV7EluM-00156-00042219-00042461": "of our disciplines it wasn't until I", "oAKTIV7EluM-00157-00042462-00042671": "really got to a stock bar I understood", "oAKTIV7EluM-00158-00042672-00043148": "more what a force it requires and what a", "oAKTIV7EluM-00159-00043149-00043367": "supporting force needs to do so it", "oAKTIV7EluM-00160-00043368-00043568": "wasn't until I got you know up close and", "oAKTIV7EluM-00161-00043569-00043757": "personal with our CCT brother and and", "oAKTIV7EluM-00162-00043758-00044065": "our JTACs and our STS folks and and the", "oAKTIV7EluM-00163-00044066-00044327": "the ground floor to saw assaulters our", "oAKTIV7EluM-00164-00044328-00044531": "helicopter assault forces and really got", "oAKTIV7EluM-00165-00044532-00044746": "to understand really what that team", "oAKTIV7EluM-00166-00044747-00044933": "consists of you know and what those", "oAKTIV7EluM-00167-00044934-00045152": "terms and what those roles really meant", "oAKTIV7EluM-00168-00045153-00045599": "so as I took what I thought was a flawed", "oAKTIV7EluM-00169-00045600-00045899": "understanding initially and matured", "oAKTIV7EluM-00170-00045900-00046043": "hopefully to the point where I was", "oAKTIV7EluM-00171-00046044-00046264": "fortunate enough to be asked to command", "oAKTIV7EluM-00172-00046265-00046543": "a squadron and that's what we focused on", "oAKTIV7EluM-00173-00046544-00046739": "no matter what the AFSC no matter what", "oAKTIV7EluM-00174-00046740-00047099": "the duty of the job was it was what what", "oAKTIV7EluM-00175-00047100-00047321": "is your role for mission success and", "oAKTIV7EluM-00176-00047322-00047606": "mission impact and that had to be you", "oAKTIV7EluM-00177-00047607-00047839": "know clear across the board so we", "oAKTIV7EluM-00178-00047840-00048017": "trained everybody and every discipline", "oAKTIV7EluM-00179-00048018-00048179": "that we could we expected everybody to", "oAKTIV7EluM-00180-00048180-00048461": "deploy and everybody did so they had", "oAKTIV7EluM-00181-00048462-00048764": "that direct connection with with the", "oAKTIV7EluM-00182-00048765-00048992": "mission and the impact and that kind of", "oAKTIV7EluM-00183-00048993-00049196": "lays the foundation for you know that", "oAKTIV7EluM-00184-00049197-00049433": "mission first mantra is just natural at", "oAKTIV7EluM-00185-00049434-00049712": "it at that point understood and to kind", "oAKTIV7EluM-00186-00049713-00049856": "of go off of what chief Marcum was", "oAKTIV7EluM-00187-00049857-00049979": "talking about a little bit and along the", "oAKTIV7EluM-00188-00049980-00050227": "mission first lines there he is talking", "oAKTIV7EluM-00189-00050228-00050407": "about boots on the ground in Afghanistan", "oAKTIV7EluM-00190-00050408-00050685": "could you talk a little bit about in the", "oAKTIV7EluM-00191-00050686-00050886": "you you said your first deployment in a", "oAKTIV7EluM-00192-00050887-00051045": "fog was actually as an Ellen oh and you", "oAKTIV7EluM-00193-00051046-00051200": "learned some of those lessons firsthand", "oAKTIV7EluM-00194-00051201-00051444": "about what it takes to understand that", "oAKTIV7EluM-00195-00051445-00051566": "joint environment understand what's", "oAKTIV7EluM-00196-00051567-00051731": "going on on the ground yeah I mean I", "oAKTIV7EluM-00197-00051732-00052137": "think that that deployment was probably", "oAKTIV7EluM-00198-00052138-00052428": "my first real challenge in in my", "oAKTIV7EluM-00199-00052429-00052590": "understanding and my perception of", "oAKTIV7EluM-00200-00052591-00053016": "reality you know a single-seat pilot", "oAKTIV7EluM-00201-00053016-00053199": "training two-seat airplane first", "oAKTIV7EluM-00202-00053200-00053469": "assignment get selected to go to a frock", "oAKTIV7EluM-00203-00053470-00053694": "thrilled with that opportunity get", "oAKTIV7EluM-00204-00053695-00053942": "checked out in a 14 man crew ac-130h", "oAKTIV7EluM-00205-00053944-00054237": "gunship and thought I understood what", "oAKTIV7EluM-00206-00054238-00054344": "the team and the goal and the mission", "oAKTIV7EluM-00207-00054345-00054926": "was was about and then you know 93 Task", "oAKTIV7EluM-00208-00054927-00055181": "Force Ranger happens and I'm on leave I", "oAKTIV7EluM-00209-00055182-00055347": "get recalled thinking okay I'm checked", "oAKTIV7EluM-00210-00055348-00055500": "out on mission called I'm going out the", "oAKTIV7EluM-00211-00055501-00055775": "door to go blow up well not so fast", "oAKTIV7EluM-00212-00055776-00056046": "I got tagged as the sock sent Illinois", "oAKTIV7EluM-00213-00056047-00056229": "and found myself within the week on the", "oAKTIV7EluM-00214-00056229-00056513": "ground in Mogadishu and that was a much", "oAKTIV7EluM-00215-00056514-00056853": "different perspective for me so now here", "oAKTIV7EluM-00216-00056854-00057104": "I found myself newly checked out", "oAKTIV7EluM-00217-00057105-00057356": "you know you know fangs hanging white", "oAKTIV7EluM-00218-00057357-00057588": "out you know wide open ready to chomp in", "oAKTIV7EluM-00219-00057589-00057791": "something and I find myself in the joint", "oAKTIV7EluM-00220-00057792-00058205": "environment up close with not only the", "oAKTIV7EluM-00221-00058207-00058449": "ground user but but that battle staff", "oAKTIV7EluM-00222-00058450-00058761": "and that command staff as an Ellen oh so", "oAKTIV7EluM-00223-00058762-00059190": "I quickly learned that it wasn't me", "oAKTIV7EluM-00224-00059191-00059454": "coming to the table say here's here's my", "oAKTIV7EluM-00225-00059454-00059675": "platform here's my capability here's", "oAKTIV7EluM-00226-00059676-00059838": "everything that I can do and here's what", "oAKTIV7EluM-00227-00059839-00060054": "I'm going to do in the next 24 hours it", "oAKTIV7EluM-00228-00060054-00060380": "that fell flat very very quickly it was", "oAKTIV7EluM-00229-00060382-00060659": "a crash course and okay what do you need", "oAKTIV7EluM-00230-00060660-00060897": "what effects on the battlefield are", "oAKTIV7EluM-00231-00060898-00061128": "required for you to be successful not", "oAKTIV7EluM-00232-00061129-00061434": "only on the ground but on the helicopter", "oAKTIV7EluM-00233-00061435-00061676": "you know pre strike and PO strike what", "oAKTIV7EluM-00234-00061677-00061866": "is it that we need to bring to bear how", "oAKTIV7EluM-00235-00061866-00062054": "do I not only time my platform but all", "oAKTIV7EluM-00236-00062055-00062231": "the other pieces in to be able to do", "oAKTIV7EluM-00237-00062232-00062608": "that so that was my crash course and", "oAKTIV7EluM-00238-00062609-00062896": "in the joint environment and I wouldn't", "oAKTIV7EluM-00239-00062897-00062989": "trade it for the world", "oAKTIV7EluM-00240-00062990-00063172": "it happened right about the right time I", "oAKTIV7EluM-00241-00063173-00063298": "think when my head was probably the", "oAKTIV7EluM-00242-00063299-00063622": "biggest that it did it that I really", "oAKTIV7EluM-00243-00063623-00063796": "wanted it to be and it was time to kind", "oAKTIV7EluM-00244-00063797-00063973": "of step back and understand okay what is", "oAKTIV7EluM-00245-00063974-00064186": "your role in this piece and the", "oAKTIV7EluM-00246-00064187-00064458": "supported and supporting forces I'll", "oAKTIV7EluM-00247-00064459-00064692": "continue on that topic of understanding", "oAKTIV7EluM-00248-00064694-00064858": "your role what was what was your", "oAKTIV7EluM-00249-00064859-00065008": "technique as you became mission", "oAKTIV7EluM-00250-00065009-00065227": "qualified in the ac-130 and then rolling", "oAKTIV7EluM-00251-00065228-00065401": "into becoming a aircraft commissioned", "oAKTIV7EluM-00252-00065402-00065581": "aircraft commander how did you take", "oAKTIV7EluM-00253-00065582-00065773": "those lessons and then become being able", "oAKTIV7EluM-00254-00065774-00066187": "to run a crew of 14 15 individuals yeah", "oAKTIV7EluM-00255-00066188-00066643": "first I thought the being on a 14 person", "oAKTIV7EluM-00256-00066644-00066880": "crew was was gonna be a huge challenge", "oAKTIV7EluM-00257-00066881-00067267": "and it was it was I think it was like", "oAKTIV7EluM-00258-00067268-00067426": "for many others that you're leading a", "oAKTIV7EluM-00259-00067427-00067600": "team no matter what the size of the team", "oAKTIV7EluM-00260-00067601-00067768": "is whether it's a two-person team 14", "oAKTIV7EluM-00261-00067769-00067954": "person team 10-person team ground team", "oAKTIV7EluM-00262-00067955-00068212": "aircraft and it didn't matter the the", "oAKTIV7EluM-00263-00068213-00068398": "job was trying to figure out how to get", "oAKTIV7EluM-00264-00068399-00068764": "that element moving all together and it", "oAKTIV7EluM-00265-00068765-00068979": "harkens back to you know most of what", "oAKTIV7EluM-00266-00068980-00069205": "Charlie Mike was talking about it's it's", "oAKTIV7EluM-00267-00069206-00069601": "trust it's trust in the folks on board", "oAKTIV7EluM-00268-00069602-00069826": "to be experts at their jobs you're", "oAKTIV7EluM-00269-00069827-00070051": "counting on that and then you just have", "oAKTIV7EluM-00270-00070052-00070324": "to put those pieces together at the", "oAKTIV7EluM-00271-00070325-00070639": "right time at the right environment keep", "oAKTIV7EluM-00272-00070640-00070822": "them the same the same team of building", "oAKTIV7EluM-00273-00070823-00070972": "that credibility knowing where your role", "oAKTIV7EluM-00274-00070973-00071239": "is in a unit you went from the 16th SOS", "oAKTIV7EluM-00275-00071240-00071467": "with an ac-130h and then we're part of", "oAKTIV7EluM-00276-00071468-00071662": "that early days of ac-130u at the 4th", "oAKTIV7EluM-00277-00071663-00071824": "SOS you talk about understanding what", "oAKTIV7EluM-00278-00071825-00071977": "your role is as you grew in seniority", "oAKTIV7EluM-00279-00071978-00072397": "and experience within the gunship well I", "oAKTIV7EluM-00280-00072398-00072697": "mean you you climb the ranks and your", "oAKTIV7EluM-00281-00072698-00072940": "ability to you know you pair instructor", "oAKTIV7EluM-00282-00072941-00073069": "become a evaluator your ability to", "oAKTIV7EluM-00283-00073070-00073353": "impact what's going on around you is", "oAKTIV7EluM-00284-00073354-00073663": "significant you know for for me I wasn't", "oAKTIV7EluM-00285-00073664-00073897": "the initial cadre for the for the u-boat", "oAKTIV7EluM-00286-00073898-00074149": "folks had gone out to to Edwards and had", "oAKTIV7EluM-00287-00074150-00074437": "done that so I was kind of that that", "oAKTIV7EluM-00288-00074438-00074626": "next wave of folks that were kind of", "oAKTIV7EluM-00289-00074627-00074979": "tasked to get the squadron combat ready", "oAKTIV7EluM-00290-00074980-00075403": "you know pass you know the ori and and", "oAKTIV7EluM-00291-00075404-00075685": "validate and get the deer the asset", "oAKTIV7EluM-00292-00075686-00076192": "airborne and and forward as you were", "oAKTIV7EluM-00293-00076193-00076330": "becoming more experienced became an", "oAKTIV7EluM-00294-00076331-00076507": "aircraft commander he started having", "oAKTIV7EluM-00295-00076508-00076672": "some there were some conflicts in the in", "oAKTIV7EluM-00296-00076673-00076888": "the Balkans in Eastern Europe you talk", "oAKTIV7EluM-00297-00076889-00077047": "about some of the lessons learned that", "oAKTIV7EluM-00298-00077048-00077227": "the community saw in Mogadishu for", "oAKTIV7EluM-00299-00077228-00077341": "example and then moving into an area", "oAKTIV7EluM-00300-00077342-00077413": "where there was some potential", "oAKTIV7EluM-00301-00077414-00077605": "surface-to-air threats for example how", "oAKTIV7EluM-00302-00077606-00077728": "did you how did you manage that", "oAKTIV7EluM-00303-00077729-00078046": "crew as a as a aircraft commander well I", "oAKTIV7EluM-00304-00078047-00078217": "can tell you that the Mogadishu", "oAKTIV7EluM-00305-00078218-00078529": "environment was permissive my opinion", "oAKTIV7EluM-00306-00078530-00078925": "you know I our MANPADS and Sam's but", "oAKTIV7EluM-00307-00078926-00079207": "nothing significant so we had from a", "oAKTIV7EluM-00308-00079208-00079438": "soft element freedom of movement and", "oAKTIV7EluM-00309-00079439-00079641": "maneuver and that was in that respect", "oAKTIV7EluM-00310-00079642-00080124": "that was different than the Balkans", "oAKTIV7EluM-00311-00080125-00080263": "Kosovo", "oAKTIV7EluM-00312-00080264-00080476": "kind of an environment where Kosovo was", "oAKTIV7EluM-00313-00080477-00080632": "more of a semi provisions and", "oAKTIV7EluM-00314-00080633-00080767": "non-permissive depending on where you", "oAKTIV7EluM-00315-00080768-00081016": "were involved in that country and that", "oAKTIV7EluM-00316-00081017-00081274": "conflict so I think one of the lessons", "oAKTIV7EluM-00317-00081275-00081577": "that I took out of the Kosovo experience", "oAKTIV7EluM-00318-00081578-00081964": "was the training textbook doesn't always", "oAKTIV7EluM-00319-00081965-00082369": "translate positively to combat", "oAKTIV7EluM-00320-00082370-00082702": "real-world operations it just doesn't so", "oAKTIV7EluM-00321-00082703-00082975": "an often times I saw and felt and was", "oAKTIV7EluM-00322-00082976-00083242": "pressured by other folks on the crew and", "oAKTIV7EluM-00323-00083243-00083545": "adjacent crews to let the textbook chase", "oAKTIV7EluM-00324-00083546-00083881": "you off target and I guess the example", "oAKTIV7EluM-00325-00083882-00084328": "I'd use is back when we were flying at", "oAKTIV7EluM-00326-00084329-00084562": "that time we did not have an electronic", "oAKTIV7EluM-00327-00084563-00084694": "warfare range to go out and train on", "oAKTIV7EluM-00328-00084695-00084883": "there was no aw range for the gunships", "oAKTIV7EluM-00329-00084884-00085147": "so training to that environment was all", "oAKTIV7EluM-00330-00085148-00085411": "simulated we simulated it in our ground", "oAKTIV7EluM-00331-00085412-00085615": "and flight training scenarios we would", "oAKTIV7EluM-00332-00085616-00085732": "have an instructor pilot or an", "oAKTIV7EluM-00333-00085733-00086017": "instructor evo provide the scenario", "oAKTIV7EluM-00334-00086018-00086248": "brief the threats place them along the", "oAKTIV7EluM-00335-00086249-00086452": "training routes and in the engagement", "oAKTIV7EluM-00336-00086453-00086710": "areas and then kind of roleplay on back", "oAKTIV7EluM-00337-00086711-00086959": "of the airplane as you go throughout", "oAKTIV7EluM-00338-00086960-00087226": "your training scenario so it kind of it", "oAKTIV7EluM-00339-00087227-00087511": "bred more of a black and white kind of", "oAKTIV7EluM-00340-00087512-00087751": "an answer and there wasn't a whole lot", "oAKTIV7EluM-00341-00087752-00087922": "of pushing the limits you know you were", "oAKTIV7EluM-00342-00087923-00088060": "getting through checking the box and", "oAKTIV7EluM-00343-00088061-00088138": "moving on", "oAKTIV7EluM-00344-00088139-00088381": "training syllabus well when we got to", "oAKTIV7EluM-00345-00088382-00088708": "Kosovo I kind of saw that smack us right", "oAKTIV7EluM-00346-00088709-00088888": "in the face in that particular", "oAKTIV7EluM-00347-00088889-00089289": "environment and one night in particular", "oAKTIV7EluM-00348-00089290-00089692": "we we were assigned a series of targets", "oAKTIV7EluM-00349-00089693-00089926": "along the coast of a border so the", "oAKTIV7EluM-00350-00089927-00090073": "gunships were working in close proximity", "oAKTIV7EluM-00351-00090074-00090403": "of the border and you know we had three", "oAKTIV7EluM-00352-00090404-00090609": "to four airplanes launched that night", "oAKTIV7EluM-00353-00090610-00090886": "weather had rolled in obscured all of", "oAKTIV7EluM-00354-00090887-00091234": "the targets IR you know Sam's were", "oAKTIV7EluM-00355-00091235-00091423": "active all through the day and into the", "oAKTIV7EluM-00356-00091424-00091630": "evening and the radar threats were", "oAKTIV7EluM-00357-00091631-00091753": "coming up and pop it off actually", "oAKTIV7EluM-00358-00091754-00092008": "launched a couple but the systems became", "oAKTIV7EluM-00359-00092009-00092290": "quite active so folks were ingressing", "oAKTIV7EluM-00360-00092291-00092446": "into the target and we were getting the", "oAKTIV7EluM-00361-00092447-00092782": "the threat updates and the radar Sam's", "oAKTIV7EluM-00362-00092783-00093142": "that again the textbook said you know if", "oAKTIV7EluM-00363-00093143-00093283": "they're within this range in my target", "oAKTIV7EluM-00364-00093284-00093616": "I'm not going so a good number of the of", "oAKTIV7EluM-00365-00093617-00093934": "the other aircraft to turn back and we", "oAKTIV7EluM-00366-00093935-00094072": "thought through it on the airplane and", "oAKTIV7EluM-00367-00094073-00094312": "said okay I've got some real-time", "oAKTIV7EluM-00368-00094313-00094459": "tipping and cueing that I hadn't had", "oAKTIV7EluM-00369-00094460-00094773": "before coming over the satellite feed I", "oAKTIV7EluM-00370-00094774-00094987": "the the iwo the electronic warfare", "oAKTIV7EluM-00371-00094988-00095260": "officer I trust him on his gear I trust", "oAKTIV7EluM-00372-00095261-00095536": "him to identify signals let's plan and", "oAKTIV7EluM-00373-00095537-00095728": "ingress in the egress route that we", "oAKTIV7EluM-00374-00095729-00095893": "think will work and then while we're", "oAKTIV7EluM-00375-00095894-00096145": "doing that nav you better if we can you", "oAKTIV7EluM-00376-00096146-00096268": "know get schooled up on the targets", "oAKTIV7EluM-00377-00096269-00096412": "because you're certain IMC through the", "oAKTIV7EluM-00378-00096413-00096631": "radar at the targets for that for that", "oAKTIV7EluM-00379-00096632-00096979": "night so it was contrary to what the", "oAKTIV7EluM-00380-00096980-00097171": "crew initially thought was the answer", "oAKTIV7EluM-00381-00097172-00097348": "and it was contrary to what they were", "oAKTIV7EluM-00382-00097349-00097696": "trained and and and reflected to do but", "oAKTIV7EluM-00383-00097697-00097969": "again we just you know hacked the watch", "oAKTIV7EluM-00384-00097970-00098268": "work through it line by line and and", "oAKTIV7EluM-00385-00098269-00098524": "executed we've got a bunch of flat", "oAKTIV7EluM-00386-00098525-00098701": "coming back in terms of questions as to", "oAKTIV7EluM-00387-00098702-00098905": "how what and why but at the end of the", "oAKTIV7EluM-00388-00098906-00099190": "day you've got to use all the tools at", "oAKTIV7EluM-00389-00099191-00099343": "your disposal you have the trust of", "oAKTIV7EluM-00390-00099344-00099595": "folks that are on board with you and and", "oAKTIV7EluM-00391-00099596-00099883": "you need to execute the mission so that", "oAKTIV7EluM-00392-00099884-00100114": "was kind of my takeaway from that", "oAKTIV7EluM-00393-00100115-00100359": "particular set of missions and", "oAKTIV7EluM-00394-00100360-00100700": "environment so putting your your", "oAKTIV7EluM-00395-00100701-00100884": "commander hat on looking back at that", "oAKTIV7EluM-00396-00100885-00101034": "time what was the discussion wrist", "oAKTIV7EluM-00397-00101035-00101255": "omission versus risk to force and in", "oAKTIV7EluM-00398-00101256-00101963": "your mind said well that was that", "oAKTIV7EluM-00399-00101964-00102080": "particular center missions probably", "oAKTIV7EluM-00400-00102081-00102232": "isn't a great example because you know", "oAKTIV7EluM-00401-00102233-00102467": "wrist omission was was not engaging the", "oAKTIV7EluM-00402-00102468-00102782": "targets wrist a force was less so Lee I", "oAKTIV7EluM-00403-00102783-00103004": "would translate that over to one of the", "oAKTIV7EluM-00404-00103005-00103371": "more complex missions that we find", "oAKTIV7EluM-00405-00103372-00103586": "ourselves responsible for where the", "oAKTIV7EluM-00406-00103588-00103766": "wrist of force isn't and again it can't", "oAKTIV7EluM-00407-00103767-00103926": "be focused on us the wrist of force is", "oAKTIV7EluM-00408-00103927-00104204": "the the ground force out there ground a", "oAKTIV7EluM-00409-00104205-00104444": "force element whether it's via convoy", "oAKTIV7EluM-00410-00104445-00104759": "with us by helo what is the wrist that", "oAKTIV7EluM-00411-00104760-00104958": "risk to force what is that the risk to", "oAKTIV7EluM-00412-00104958-00105233": "the mission on target and egressing so", "oAKTIV7EluM-00413-00105234-00105495": "that's what has to be balanced", "oAKTIV7EluM-00414-00105496-00105716": "it starts with yeah I want to take you", "oAKTIV7EluM-00415-00105717-00105888": "know I I want to take everybody on the", "oAKTIV7EluM-00416-00105889-00106085": "airplane I brought in target back with", "oAKTIV7EluM-00417-00106086-00106436": "me but most importantly and what we you", "oAKTIV7EluM-00418-00106438-00106733": "know harped on and emphasize every", "oAKTIV7EluM-00419-00106734-00107111": "single day in the 319th was your jobs", "oAKTIV7EluM-00420-00107113-00107315": "not done till every single Eagles back", "oAKTIV7EluM-00421-00107316-00107540": "in the wire so that was the wrist of", "oAKTIV7EluM-00422-00107541-00107748": "force in wrist a mission that we had to", "oAKTIV7EluM-00423-00107749-00107954": "calculate so the phrase we hear a lot in", "oAKTIV7EluM-00424-00107955-00108152": "the u 28 community is once the boots on", "oAKTIV7EluM-00425-00108153-00108300": "the ground know who you're working for", "oAKTIV7EluM-00426-00108301-00108491": "so I just kind of maybe continue that", "oAKTIV7EluM-00427-00108492-00108738": "jumping ahead a little bit but once the", "oAKTIV7EluM-00428-00108739-00108860": "JTACs on the radio with you whether", "oAKTIV7EluM-00429-00108861-00109038": "you're a gunship or you 28 whatever the", "oAKTIV7EluM-00430-00109039-00109182": "platform is could you describe a little", "oAKTIV7EluM-00431-00109183-00109449": "bit further the idea of who has take on", "oAKTIV7EluM-00432-00109450-00109620": "or who you're supporting at that point", "oAKTIV7EluM-00433-00109621-00109802": "without question you're supporting the", "oAKTIV7EluM-00434-00109803-00109958": "ground force commander and that's", "oAKTIV7EluM-00435-00109959-00110127": "through the JTAC through the guy on the", "oAKTIV7EluM-00436-00110128-00110352": "radio to that team leader down there so", "oAKTIV7EluM-00437-00110353-00110544": "that's that's where you're taking the", "oAKTIV7EluM-00438-00110545-00110834": "direction from that's who's who you want", "oAKTIV7EluM-00439-00110835-00111099": "to provide the best picture the best you", "oAKTIV7EluM-00440-00111100-00111402": "know situational awareness and and quite", "oAKTIV7EluM-00441-00111403-00111614": "frankly we saw it in the gunship", "oAKTIV7EluM-00442-00111615-00111911": "community and then we go you know", "oAKTIV7EluM-00443-00111913-00112127": "extrapolated that into the tactical", "oAKTIV7EluM-00444-00112128-00112310": "manner our community is that you need be", "oAKTIV7EluM-00445-00112311-00112535": "an extension of that JTAC end of that", "oAKTIV7EluM-00446-00112536-00112689": "ground force commander so whatever load", "oAKTIV7EluM-00447-00112690-00112851": "you can take off of him is what you", "oAKTIV7EluM-00448-00112852-00113283": "absolutely have to do so and that when", "oAKTIV7EluM-00449-00113283-00113609": "we activate the squadron we kind of set", "oAKTIV7EluM-00450-00113610-00113739": "up what we wanted to do so", "oAKTIV7EluM-00451-00113740-00113909": "term long term one of the things that we", "oAKTIV7EluM-00452-00113910-00114188": "absolutely want to be able to do was was", "oAKTIV7EluM-00453-00114189-00114498": "take that load off and and be more than", "oAKTIV7EluM-00454-00114499-00114734": "just you know a you know Amanda is our", "oAKTIV7EluM-00455-00114735-00115044": "platform overhead so that meant training", "oAKTIV7EluM-00456-00115045-00115155": "ourselves to be able to run the air", "oAKTIV7EluM-00457-00115156-00115398": "stack to be able to shed that load to be", "oAKTIV7EluM-00458-00115399-00115665": "able to take you know receive folks into", "oAKTIV7EluM-00459-00115666-00115857": "that stack briefed them put them in a", "oAKTIV7EluM-00460-00115858-00115961": "whole point", "oAKTIV7EluM-00461-00115963-00116196": "get the rest say up direct the various", "oAKTIV7EluM-00462-00116197-00116384": "sensors on target because we had the", "oAKTIV7EluM-00463-00116385-00116499": "essay to be able to do that", "oAKTIV7EluM-00464-00116500-00116745": "let the JTAC focus on his clothes and", "oAKTIV7EluM-00465-00116746-00116946": "fight and work with that ground force", "oAKTIV7EluM-00466-00116947-00117177": "commander so again that's something that", "oAKTIV7EluM-00467-00117178-00117369": "we kind of did and focused on very very", "oAKTIV7EluM-00468-00117370-00117681": "heavily and we did it very quietly I", "oAKTIV7EluM-00469-00117682-00117831": "don't think I know we didn't ask", "oAKTIV7EluM-00470-00117832-00118026": "permission to send anybody degas we an", "oAKTIV7EluM-00471-00118027-00118173": "ask permission to hit an a mobile", "oAKTIV7EluM-00472-00118174-00118353": "training team out to Hurlburt and do a", "oAKTIV7EluM-00473-00118354-00118533": "tak a FAC a training course for our", "oAKTIV7EluM-00474-00118533-00118716": "folks it's something we just said we had", "oAKTIV7EluM-00475-00118717-00118998": "to be able to do so you brought up a lot", "oAKTIV7EluM-00476-00118999-00119178": "of different tools to bring up your", "oAKTIV7EluM-00477-00119179-00119367": "situational awareness so looking in the", "oAKTIV7EluM-00478-00119368-00119700": "1990s timeframe could you before we get", "oAKTIV7EluM-00479-00119701-00119793": "into some of the innovation that", "oAKTIV7EluM-00480-00119794-00119931": "happened with you 28 can you talk a", "oAKTIV7EluM-00481-00119932-00120168": "little bit about some of the barriers to", "oAKTIV7EluM-00482-00120169-00120342": "innovation that you saw in the gunship", "oAKTIV7EluM-00483-00120343-00120584": "or the how long it took to get some of", "oAKTIV7EluM-00484-00120585-00120710": "the new technology on to build that", "oAKTIV7EluM-00485-00120711-00120785": "situational awareness", "oAKTIV7EluM-00486-00120786-00121050": "well yeah I think there was I mean", "oAKTIV7EluM-00487-00121051-00121511": "soften a sock was a lot more flexible a", "oAKTIV7EluM-00488-00121513-00121707": "lot more engaged than what I saw an AMC", "oAKTIV7EluM-00489-00121708-00121883": "when it came out of my first assignments", "oAKTIV7EluM-00490-00121884-00122199": "that was a given but there still was a", "oAKTIV7EluM-00491-00122200-00122705": "hesitation to to move fast in terms of", "oAKTIV7EluM-00492-00122706-00122982": "modifications equipment TTP you know", "oAKTIV7EluM-00493-00122983-00123192": "upgrades because when I got to the", "oAKTIV7EluM-00494-00123193-00123458": "squadron there there were there was a", "oAKTIV7EluM-00495-00123459-00123710": "good number of combat season folks but", "oAKTIV7EluM-00496-00123711-00124149": "it was from an older older series of", "oAKTIV7EluM-00497-00124150-00124425": "conflicts so that was again came back to", "oAKTIV7EluM-00498-00124426-00124572": "that's the way we've always done it", "oAKTIV7EluM-00499-00124573-00124866": "mindset and and and that is that's", "oAKTIV7EluM-00500-00124867-00125060": "that's just that's not going to get you", "oAKTIV7EluM-00501-00125061-00125457": "where you need to go so very simple why", "oAKTIV7EluM-00502-00125458-00125628": "are you still using the forty mike-mike", "oAKTIV7EluM-00503-00125629-00125922": "mich to sparklin and designate a target", "oAKTIV7EluM-00504-00125923-00126185": "for ground force why why are we creating", "oAKTIV7EluM-00505-00126186-00126468": "that signature why can't you know we at", "oAKTIV7EluM-00506-00126469-00126780": "worse where I'm getting targets pointed", "oAKTIV7EluM-00507-00126781-00127047": "out to me by the ground team using laser", "oAKTIV7EluM-00508-00127048-00127119": "pointer", "oAKTIV7EluM-00509-00127120-00127337": "is Liz mounted to the barrel of their", "oAKTIV7EluM-00510-00127338-00127514": "weapon why don't I have something", "oAKTIV7EluM-00511-00127515-00127637": "mounted the barrel of my weapon that I", "oAKTIV7EluM-00512-00127638-00127872": "can do the same thing from five six", "oAKTIV7EluM-00513-00127873-00128169": "miles away and so we asked the question", "oAKTIV7EluM-00514-00128170-00128472": "and we got a okay it's going to take you", "oAKTIV7EluM-00515-00128473-00128651": "know a couple years to work through well", "oAKTIV7EluM-00516-00128652-00129161": "that wasn't the answer so you know Bob", "oAKTIV7EluM-00517-00129163-00129333": "Monroe and a couple other smart folks at", "oAKTIV7EluM-00518-00129333-00129543": "the unit said well I think we can mount", "oAKTIV7EluM-00519-00129544-00129875": "this inside the the the shell of a 105", "oAKTIV7EluM-00520-00129876-00130008": "we can put it in the bore of the", "oAKTIV7EluM-00521-00130008-00130235": "airplane we can trick the fire-control", "oAKTIV7EluM-00522-00130236-00130422": "computer to take out the lead and light", "oAKTIV7EluM-00523-00130423-00130613": "we can point it where where the sensors", "oAKTIV7EluM-00524-00130614-00130760": "pointing we can do that alright let's", "oAKTIV7EluM-00525-00130761-00131060": "give it a try so so we went out to the", "oAKTIV7EluM-00526-00131061-00131286": "ramp installed it everything seemed to", "oAKTIV7EluM-00527-00131287-00131796": "work we we did our safety check and and", "oAKTIV7EluM-00528-00131797-00132065": "took off and it worked in the airplane", "oAKTIV7EluM-00529-00132066-00132411": "as well but there was a hesitation when", "oAKTIV7EluM-00530-00132412-00132594": "we landed and a few folks got their", "oAKTIV7EluM-00531-00132595-00132882": "asses handed to him but that's what", "oAKTIV7EluM-00532-00132883-00133158": "needed to happen so that worked for a", "oAKTIV7EluM-00533-00133159-00133316": "little while but what it did it was it", "oAKTIV7EluM-00534-00133317-00133485": "just woke up the the the the", "oAKTIV7EluM-00535-00133486-00133683": "headquarters machine saying yeah you're", "oAKTIV7EluM-00536-00133684-00133881": "right we do need to be doing this better", "oAKTIV7EluM-00537-00133882-00134078": "we can't take two years to crack into", "oAKTIV7EluM-00538-00134079-00134361": "the to the the optics of a sensor to be", "oAKTIV7EluM-00539-00134362-00134499": "able to do that let's figure out a way", "oAKTIV7EluM-00540-00134500-00134844": "to do it now so going back to a little", "oAKTIV7EluM-00541-00134845-00135111": "bit of the mission first discussion and", "oAKTIV7EluM-00542-00135112-00135312": "the the job fulfillment that that", "oAKTIV7EluM-00543-00135313-00135507": "provides is having the understanding of", "oAKTIV7EluM-00544-00135508-00135740": "what that mission is pushed in to", "oAKTIV7EluM-00545-00135741-00135900": "late-1990s could you explain a little", "oAKTIV7EluM-00546-00135901-00136091": "bit of the iteration of the training", "oAKTIV7EluM-00547-00136092-00136287": "scenarios that were going on around the", "oAKTIV7EluM-00548-00136288-00136514": "country preparing for possible events", "oAKTIV7EluM-00549-00136515-00136746": "and then talking about the decision the", "oAKTIV7EluM-00550-00136747-00136889": "decision that you and your family ended", "oAKTIV7EluM-00551-00136890-00137039": "up making based on that on that mission", "oAKTIV7EluM-00552-00137040-00137400": "at the time yeah okay so this comes back", "oAKTIV7EluM-00553-00137401-00137729": "on a personal level that all of us have", "oAKTIV7EluM-00554-00137730-00137906": "to face and ask ourselves the question", "oAKTIV7EluM-00555-00137907-00138362": "is the mission worth the price what am I", "oAKTIV7EluM-00556-00138363-00138554": "paying what what is the family paying", "oAKTIV7EluM-00557-00138555-00138825": "what's going on against what is what's", "oAKTIV7EluM-00558-00138826-00139182": "the mission impact and so for us you", "oAKTIV7EluM-00559-00139183-00139374": "know for me personally coming into the", "oAKTIV7EluM-00560-00139375-00139596": "into two thousand and two thousand", "oAKTIV7EluM-00561-00139597-00140051": "timeframe we at second and and gunship", "oAKTIV7EluM-00562-00140052-00140257": "specifically had", "oAKTIV7EluM-00563-00140258-00140593": "had trained and prepared for a series of", "oAKTIV7EluM-00564-00140594-00140812": "missions that we thought had significant", "oAKTIV7EluM-00565-00140813-00141055": "impact and significant national level", "oAKTIV7EluM-00566-00141056-00141484": "importance so we would we would plan we", "oAKTIV7EluM-00567-00141485-00141580": "would go into isolation", "oAKTIV7EluM-00568-00141581-00141754": "we'd go out west we'd rehearse we'd", "oAKTIV7EluM-00569-00141755-00142009": "build you know plywood mock-ups we would", "oAKTIV7EluM-00570-00142010-00142306": "prove that the that the plan was", "oAKTIV7EluM-00571-00142307-00142471": "feasible suitable and acceptable and", "oAKTIV7EluM-00572-00142472-00142723": "would succeed and then we would see", "oAKTIV7EluM-00573-00142724-00142960": "those plans go up to the up to DC and", "oAKTIV7EluM-00574-00142961-00143155": "the answer came back three out of three", "oAKTIV7EluM-00575-00143156-00143590": "no we're not going to do that so in one", "oAKTIV7EluM-00576-00143591-00143833": "instance the the the solution was volley", "oAKTIV7EluM-00577-00143834-00144118": "of T Lambs over into country and it just", "oAKTIV7EluM-00578-00144119-00144316": "in our opinion rearranged the rubble", "oAKTIV7EluM-00579-00144317-00144484": "didn't have the impact that it needed to", "oAKTIV7EluM-00580-00144485-00144958": "or the the result so so morning I we", "oAKTIV7EluM-00581-00144959-00145152": "talked about it you know we said I just", "oAKTIV7EluM-00582-00145153-00145371": "you know we are spinning our wheels here", "oAKTIV7EluM-00583-00145372-00145705": "I'm on the deployment bandwagon it's a", "oAKTIV7EluM-00584-00145706-00145990": "revolving door you know gone better than", "oAKTIV7EluM-00585-00145991-00146260": "half the year and it's 60 and 90 - I", "oAKTIV7EluM-00586-00146261-00146473": "need a pops and that was just continuous", "oAKTIV7EluM-00587-00146474-00146836": "so he say I got my health we can I can", "oAKTIV7EluM-00588-00146837-00147052": "get a job with the airlines so drop", "oAKTIV7EluM-00589-00147053-00147424": "papers turned down a CSC set out I'm not", "oAKTIV7EluM-00590-00147425-00147616": "going to do that I'm gonna I'm gonna go", "oAKTIV7EluM-00591-00147617-00147952": "make a life for the family fortunately", "oAKTIV7EluM-00592-00147953-00148243": "that didn't happen but unfortunately the", "oAKTIV7EluM-00593-00148244-00148420": "events that turn that was the events of", "oAKTIV7EluM-00594-00148421-00148726": "9/11 so that turned it for me similar I", "oAKTIV7EluM-00595-00148727-00148939": "was I'm assuming that a lot of the folks", "oAKTIV7EluM-00596-00148940-00149095": "in the audience you know brought them", "oAKTIV7EluM-00597-00149096-00149263": "you know into the military and energized", "oAKTIV7EluM-00598-00149264-00149641": "to serve so I quickly found myself back", "oAKTIV7EluM-00599-00149642-00149818": "with a no kidding mission and a purpose", "oAKTIV7EluM-00600-00149819-00150106": "and Lori and I we talked about that and", "oAKTIV7EluM-00601-00150107-00150478": "it was no it was again focus was back to", "oAKTIV7EluM-00602-00150479-00150853": "me and what I wanted to do and a 9/11", "oAKTIV7EluM-00603-00150854-00151081": "just helped it was the shock to help me", "oAKTIV7EluM-00604-00151082-00151243": "flip that back in the right priority", "oAKTIV7EluM-00605-00151244-00151657": "order for the family overall but but you", "oAKTIV7EluM-00606-00151658-00151891": "know for the mission specifically so we", "oAKTIV7EluM-00607-00151892-00152227": "we stayed on after that and and we're", "oAKTIV7EluM-00608-00152228-00152533": "glad to still have you so the getting in", "oAKTIV7EluM-00609-00152534-00152767": "911 occurs and at this point you're", "oAKTIV7EluM-00610-00152768-00153094": "working in group stand eval and just", "oAKTIV7EluM-00611-00153095-00153259": "wanna get an idea of what was it like in", "oAKTIV7EluM-00612-00153260-00153415": "the fourth SOS and then specifically for", "oAKTIV7EluM-00613-00153416-00153502": "you as an attached to", "oAKTIV7EluM-00614-00153503-00153673": "crew to the fourth SOS working in the", "oAKTIV7EluM-00615-00153674-00153823": "Sanibel shop could you go through the", "oAKTIV7EluM-00616-00153824-00154024": "kind of story of how did the fourth SOS", "oAKTIV7EluM-00617-00154025-00154252": "get spun up to go downrange relatively", "oAKTIV7EluM-00618-00154253-00154582": "shortly after yeah so I was in group", "oAKTIV7EluM-00619-00154583-00154912": "Stan eval I watched a second airplane", "oAKTIV7EluM-00620-00154913-00155134": "hit the towers on the on the news live", "oAKTIV7EluM-00621-00155135-00155548": "and and and immediately knew that we", "oAKTIV7EluM-00622-00155549-00155791": "were we were going to be busy and busy", "oAKTIV7EluM-00623-00155792-00155875": "for a while", "oAKTIV7EluM-00624-00155876-00156070": "so all this margins started spinning up", "oAKTIV7EluM-00625-00156071-00156445": "and and getting ready to to deploy and", "oAKTIV7EluM-00626-00156446-00156712": "to mobilize and the fourth was was in", "oAKTIV7EluM-00627-00156713-00157066": "that same boat so we we got called in", "oAKTIV7EluM-00628-00157067-00157336": "and we started to crew starting getting", "oAKTIV7EluM-00629-00157337-00157495": "assigned and plans started get put into", "oAKTIV7EluM-00630-00157496-00157543": "place", "oAKTIV7EluM-00631-00157544-00157885": "and I know you're baiting me with this", "oAKTIV7EluM-00632-00157886-00158407": "won't you so but somebody at the time in", "oAKTIV7EluM-00633-00158408-00158659": "a squadron had decided that that this", "oAKTIV7EluM-00634-00158660-00158842": "the show was going to be for assigned", "oAKTIV7EluM-00635-00158843-00159202": "aircrew so attached aircrew you're", "oAKTIV7EluM-00636-00159203-00159451": "attached to a reason we're you're not", "oAKTIV7EluM-00637-00159452-00159681": "going to be included we've got we've got", "oAKTIV7EluM-00638-00159682-00160069": "we've got to get on the road quickly so", "oAKTIV7EluM-00639-00160070-00160366": "I left I got other room and left and", "oAKTIV7EluM-00640-00160367-00160669": "then I was promptly invited back as soon", "oAKTIV7EluM-00641-00160670-00161119": "as they realized that but it was it was", "oAKTIV7EluM-00642-00161120-00161491": "a time to put together and address all", "oAKTIV7EluM-00643-00161492-00161739": "the things that had frustrated us", "oAKTIV7EluM-00644-00161740-00162025": "operationally up to that point you know", "oAKTIV7EluM-00645-00162026-00162259": "we had you know operating above 10,000", "oAKTIV7EluM-00646-00162260-00162490": "feet and unpressurized airplane you know", "oAKTIV7EluM-00647-00162491-00162754": "yet we had done that over over over", "oAKTIV7EluM-00648-00162755-00163207": "Bosnia and and inin Kosovo and we had", "oAKTIV7EluM-00649-00163208-00163380": "learned to operate in that environment", "oAKTIV7EluM-00650-00163381-00163684": "but they weren't that those missions", "oAKTIV7EluM-00651-00163685-00163864": "weren't as much of an integrated soft", "oAKTIV7EluM-00652-00163865-00164179": "package it was a lot of armed overwatch", "oAKTIV7EluM-00653-00164180-00164475": "interdiction so here we were going into", "oAKTIV7EluM-00654-00164476-00164701": "opening night that was going to be a", "oAKTIV7EluM-00655-00164702-00164965": "rather sophisticated ballet of pre", "oAKTIV7EluM-00656-00164966-00165178": "assault fires by conventional air forces", "oAKTIV7EluM-00657-00165179-00165520": "strafing error bomb runs by by b-1s", "oAKTIV7EluM-00658-00165521-00165901": "b-52s that and then the soft wave right", "oAKTIV7EluM-00659-00165902-00166228": "behind that so we had to learn to work", "oAKTIV7EluM-00660-00166229-00166369": "through a lot of things that had plagued", "oAKTIV7EluM-00661-00166370-00166564": "us just as simple as communicating on", "oAKTIV7EluM-00662-00166565-00166625": "the airplane", "oAKTIV7EluM-00663-00166626-00166802": "the hose if more effectively with", "oAKTIV7EluM-00664-00166803-00167366": "multiple radios firing the you know hit", "oAKTIV7EluM-00665-00167367-00167612": "night for us you know we can kind of", "oAKTIV7EluM-00666-00167613-00167816": "move towards that the you know the gecko", "oAKTIV7EluM-00667-00167817-00168328": "timeframe we we had to put you know to", "oAKTIV7EluM-00668-00168329-00168575": "gunships in close proximity over a", "oAKTIV7EluM-00669-00168576-00168767": "target area to engage multiple targets", "oAKTIV7EluM-00670-00168768-00169019": "simultaneously and be responsive for", "oAKTIV7EluM-00671-00169020-00169265": "immediate fire missions we needed to", "oAKTIV7EluM-00672-00169266-00169649": "figure out a way to do that so you know", "oAKTIV7EluM-00673-00169650-00169925": "I learned very quickly putting that", "oAKTIV7EluM-00674-00169926-00170219": "together and then executing that was", "oAKTIV7EluM-00675-00170220-00170459": "that you absolutely just can't", "oAKTIV7EluM-00676-00170460-00170693": "micromanage you cannot micromanage you", "oAKTIV7EluM-00677-00170694-00170915": "have to leverage the expertise of those", "oAKTIV7EluM-00678-00170916-00171086": "around you and that's exactly what we", "oAKTIV7EluM-00679-00171087-00171320": "did for that particular instance we had", "oAKTIV7EluM-00680-00171321-00171563": "a handful of us not just pilots but", "oAKTIV7EluM-00681-00171564-00171833": "Foucault's Navs gunners everybody went", "oAKTIV7EluM-00682-00171834-00171989": "into the you know a room to whiteboard", "oAKTIV7EluM-00683-00171990-00172229": "and we figured out hey Jay fire doesn't", "oAKTIV7EluM-00684-00172230-00172406": "cover this how are we going to get max", "oAKTIV7EluM-00685-00172407-00172760": "fires down pre assaults immediate you", "oAKTIV7EluM-00686-00172761-00172952": "know calls for fire and then covered the", "oAKTIV7EluM-00687-00172953-00173329": "the helo exfil for that time on target", "oAKTIV7EluM-00688-00173330-00173636": "and we we've we figured out a way that", "oAKTIV7EluM-00689-00173637-00174215": "would work we executed it it did and but", "oAKTIV7EluM-00690-00174216-00174407": "that was one of the hate don't", "oAKTIV7EluM-00691-00174408-00174560": "micromanage just get the smart people in", "oAKTIV7EluM-00692-00174561-00174748": "the room and let's let's figure this out", "oAKTIV7EluM-00693-00174749-00175088": "that's that was one of the prep elements", "oAKTIV7EluM-00694-00175089-00175463": "going into Afghanistan moving out of", "oAKTIV7EluM-00695-00175464-00175619": "that first deployment to Afghanistan", "oAKTIV7EluM-00696-00175620-00175829": "kind of kicking off the war around the", "oAKTIV7EluM-00697-00175830-00175982": "same time that Charlie Mike was there", "oAKTIV7EluM-00698-00175983-00176171": "you end up coming back and you get", "oAKTIV7EluM-00699-00176172-00176372": "pushed to go to the special plan shop I", "oAKTIV7EluM-00700-00176373-00176498": "was curious if you could talk a little", "oAKTIV7EluM-00701-00176499-00176684": "bit about your transition to the the", "oAKTIV7EluM-00702-00176685-00176912": "wing staff followed by the moving into", "oAKTIV7EluM-00703-00176913-00177140": "the joint staff just talk about what", "oAKTIV7EluM-00704-00177141-00177293": "that level of expertise is how do you", "oAKTIV7EluM-00705-00177294-00177596": "how do you lead in a joint in lead as in", "oAKTIV7EluM-00706-00177597-00177740": "a joint environment to let the joint", "oAKTIV7EluM-00707-00177741-00177866": "community know what the Air Force can", "oAKTIV7EluM-00708-00177867-00178013": "bring to the table and that affects", "oAKTIV7EluM-00709-00178014-00178160": "waste planning like you were speaking of", "oAKTIV7EluM-00710-00178161-00178948": "earlier yeah so I see timeline-wise", "oAKTIV7EluM-00711-00178949-00179293": "you know I want I was at Winged plans at", "oAKTIV7EluM-00712-00179294-00179620": "the first sow and worked my way through", "oAKTIV7EluM-00713-00179621-00180447": "for the OIF you know battlin you know", "oAKTIV7EluM-00714-00180448-00180838": "with you know saddam in country you know", "oAKTIV7EluM-00715-00180839-00181099": "the peace I had to help work through was", "oAKTIV7EluM-00716-00181100-00181401": "how do we use the combat air force the", "oAKTIV7EluM-00717-00181402-00181684": "CAF to blow a hole out get the get a", "oAKTIV7EluM-00718-00181685-00181918": "soft assault force and develop multiple", "oAKTIV7EluM-00719-00181919-00182139": "jet objectives in that threat", "oAKTIV7EluM-00720-00182140-00182386": "environment so that's what I was my task", "oAKTIV7EluM-00721-00182387-00182725": "and we figured out a way to knock that", "oAKTIV7EluM-00722-00182726-00183240": "out did OIF and OEF and was was flying", "oAKTIV7EluM-00723-00183241-00183523": "and now i found myself being tasked to", "oAKTIV7EluM-00724-00183524-00184072": "go into into the JSOC staff so for me it", "oAKTIV7EluM-00725-00184073-00184476": "was another instance of of maturing I", "oAKTIV7EluM-00726-00184477-00185023": "thought that we had a very well solution", "oAKTIV7EluM-00727-00185024-00185194": "very well well-run team very good", "oAKTIV7EluM-00728-00185195-00185454": "solution at the wing level now I find", "oAKTIV7EluM-00729-00185455-00185743": "myself at AB tag for the air component", "oAKTIV7EluM-00730-00185744-00186063": "within Soph at the time and I found the", "oAKTIV7EluM-00731-00186064-00186228": "a-team kind of staring me square in the", "oAKTIV7EluM-00732-00186229-00186528": "face what I thought I knew I had had not", "oAKTIV7EluM-00733-00186529-00186736": "a clue I was working at looking at a", "oAKTIV7EluM-00734-00186737-00186978": "series of experts that were absolutely", "oAKTIV7EluM-00735-00186979-00187207": "experts in every discipline and that's", "oAKTIV7EluM-00736-00187208-00187447": "what that was their job and that was the", "oAKTIV7EluM-00737-00187448-00187987": "foundation the baseline so they", "oAKTIV7EluM-00738-00187988-00188313": "understood mission requirements they", "oAKTIV7EluM-00739-00188314-00188490": "understood support of the ground force", "oAKTIV7EluM-00740-00188491-00188770": "element better than I ever and imagined", "oAKTIV7EluM-00741-00188771-00189259": "and I learned very very quickly to do to", "oAKTIV7EluM-00742-00189260-00189663": "improve my understanding of that and", "oAKTIV7EluM-00743-00189664-00189915": "again you were you were exposed to the", "oAKTIV7EluM-00744-00189916-00190156": "joint tribe so you've got the army soft", "oAKTIV7EluM-00745-00190157-00190372": "units you've got your Navy soft units", "oAKTIV7EluM-00746-00190373-00190573": "you had Air Force soft units so those", "oAKTIV7EluM-00747-00190574-00190708": "tribes each one of them are different", "oAKTIV7EluM-00748-00190709-00190936": "each one of them plan differently they", "oAKTIV7EluM-00749-00190937-00191188": "execute differently they will follow", "oAKTIV7EluM-00750-00191189-00191356": "their branch and sequels and adapt", "oAKTIV7EluM-00751-00191357-00191623": "differently and you absolutely have to", "oAKTIV7EluM-00752-00191624-00191928": "understand that peace going through and", "oAKTIV7EluM-00753-00191929-00192221": "I had no appreciation for that", "oAKTIV7EluM-00754-00192222-00192415": "prior to getting getting into that", "oAKTIV7EluM-00755-00192416-00192787": "position so again it was how do I put", "oAKTIV7EluM-00756-00192788-00192943": "the pieces together at that level", "oAKTIV7EluM-00757-00192944-00193177": "thinking about this idea of building err", "oAKTIV7EluM-00758-00193178-00193402": "minded joint leaders looking back at", "oAKTIV7EluM-00759-00193403-00193597": "your time lieutenant captain early major", "oAKTIV7EluM-00760-00193598-00193769": "what do you what do you wish you would", "oAKTIV7EluM-00761-00193770-00193934": "have heard to prepare you better for", "oAKTIV7EluM-00762-00193935-00194195": "that for that joint environment", "oAKTIV7EluM-00763-00194196-00194618": "well I from a staff perspective I hate", "oAKTIV7EluM-00764-00194619-00194773": "to say it in this environment but I wish", "oAKTIV7EluM-00765-00194774-00195022": "I had understood it was more proficient", "oAKTIV7EluM-00766-00195023-00195289": "at MDM people say military", "oAKTIV7EluM-00767-00195290-00195514": "decision-making process because that's", "oAKTIV7EluM-00768-00195515-00195731": "the way that that that staff executed", "oAKTIV7EluM-00769-00195732-00195944": "and I started to learn that very very", "oAKTIV7EluM-00770-00195945-00196399": "quickly and in order to to communicate", "oAKTIV7EluM-00771-00196400-00196622": "effectively and at that level I had to I", "oAKTIV7EluM-00772-00196623-00196828": "had to use their language so that's", "oAKTIV7EluM-00773-00196829-00196970": "that's something that I needed and", "oAKTIV7EluM-00774-00196971-00197709": "didn't have I have walking into it I", "oAKTIV7EluM-00775-00197710-00198249": "think", "oAKTIV7EluM-00776-00198250-00198575": "I spent a good amount of time I think", "oAKTIV7EluM-00777-00198576-00198854": "apologizing for the air force within the", "oAKTIV7EluM-00778-00198855-00199118": "staff and I don't mean that you know", "oAKTIV7EluM-00779-00199119-00199361": "pejoratively at all it's just the", "oAKTIV7EluM-00780-00199362-00199565": "reality of the air force thought", "oAKTIV7EluM-00781-00199566-00199710": "differently and things differently and", "oAKTIV7EluM-00782-00199711-00200006": "their culture was was different and", "oAKTIV7EluM-00783-00200007-00200339": "quite frankly uh you know the some of", "oAKTIV7EluM-00784-00200340-00200544": "the soft elements had little time or", "oAKTIV7EluM-00785-00200545-00200772": "patience for that again they didn't want", "oAKTIV7EluM-00786-00200773-00200951": "to hear what you couldn't do or why you", "oAKTIV7EluM-00787-00200952-00201099": "couldn't do something don't say the word", "oAKTIV7EluM-00788-00201100-00201348": "Cree rest don't you know you know don't", "oAKTIV7EluM-00789-00201349-00201621": "don't fall back and in that level of", "oAKTIV7EluM-00790-00201622-00201899": "thinking again project yourself forward", "oAKTIV7EluM-00791-00201900-00202233": "what is it that has to be done and I", "oAKTIV7EluM-00792-00202234-00202388": "wasn't prepared for that initially", "oAKTIV7EluM-00793-00202389-00202521": "walking in I learned very very quickly", "oAKTIV7EluM-00794-00202522-00202971": "and it kind of took it from there you", "oAKTIV7EluM-00795-00202972-00203106": "talked a little bit in the interview", "oAKTIV7EluM-00796-00203107-00203283": "about technique that you saw all", "oAKTIV7EluM-00797-00203284-00203436": "relatively often was people come up", "oAKTIV7EluM-00798-00203437-00203576": "asking a series a question how do they", "oAKTIV7EluM-00799-00203577-00203709": "get to know what level of expertise you", "oAKTIV7EluM-00800-00203710-00203835": "have do you speak a little bit to that", "oAKTIV7EluM-00801-00203836-00203997": "oh yeah I mean I experienced that first", "oAKTIV7EluM-00802-00203998-00204483": "day so in in that community you'll you", "oAKTIV7EluM-00803-00204484-00204657": "know first time you're out up run across", "oAKTIV7EluM-00804-00204658-00204842": "something again it goes back to can I", "oAKTIV7EluM-00805-00204844-00205058": "trust the guy is easy an expert can I", "oAKTIV7EluM-00806-00205059-00205241": "trust them and there's an immediate test", "oAKTIV7EluM-00807-00205242-00205364": "right off the bat you're going to get", "oAKTIV7EluM-00808-00205365-00205589": "probably five questions asked to you the", "oAKTIV7EluM-00809-00205590-00205787": "person that's asking that question those", "oAKTIV7EluM-00810-00205788-00205944": "series of questions he knows the answers", "oAKTIV7EluM-00811-00205944-00206060": "to at least two or three of them and", "oAKTIV7EluM-00812-00206061-00206219": "he's making sure you're not bullshitting", "oAKTIV7EluM-00813-00206221-00206480": "them and you you get through that", "oAKTIV7EluM-00814-00206481-00206754": "initial engagement satisfy them that you", "oAKTIV7EluM-00815-00206755-00206906": "know what you're talking about the year", "oAKTIV7EluM-00816-00206907-00207075": "you're thinking and committed along the", "oAKTIV7EluM-00817-00207076-00207230": "proper lines and then everything else", "oAKTIV7EluM-00818-00207231-00207440": "falls into place from that but you know", "oAKTIV7EluM-00819-00207441-00207654": "I experienced that the first day walking", "oAKTIV7EluM-00820-00207655-00207788": "in the door and I said what in the world", "oAKTIV7EluM-00821-00207789-00208040": "why why is he asking this and then as I", "oAKTIV7EluM-00822-00208041-00208259": "come to realize it after just a very", "oAKTIV7EluM-00823-00208260-00208613": "short time that's the way it is speaking", "oAKTIV7EluM-00824-00208614-00208811": "of trust and that and then also a flat", "oAKTIV7EluM-00825-00208812-00208919": "command structure that you're dealing", "oAKTIV7EluM-00826-00208921-00209060": "with once you got to the Joint Staff", "oAKTIV7EluM-00827-00209061-00209280": "there you talk a little bit about a", "oAKTIV7EluM-00828-00209281-00209498": "general McConnell general McChrystal ran", "oAKTIV7EluM-00829-00209500-00209657": "his staff and the idea of eyes on", "oAKTIV7EluM-00830-00209658-00209810": "hands-off you got to experience", "oAKTIV7EluM-00831-00209811-00210015": "firsthand yeah I mean I served under", "oAKTIV7EluM-00832-00210016-00210173": "general McChrystal I remember Craven and", "oAKTIV7EluM-00833-00210175-00210417": "general Thomas", "oAKTIV7EluM-00834-00210417-00210856": "at various times in the community and", "oAKTIV7EluM-00835-00210857-00211137": "probably you know beyond the mission", "oAKTIV7EluM-00836-00211138-00211358": "focus and be able to technically put", "oAKTIV7EluM-00837-00211359-00211829": "things together the ability to run a", "oAKTIV7EluM-00838-00211830-00212067": "flattened transparent organization was a", "oAKTIV7EluM-00839-00212067-00212244": "significant linear learning event for me", "oAKTIV7EluM-00840-00212244-00212519": "here I saw somebody with a global", "oAKTIV7EluM-00841-00212521-00212916": "responsibility a global reach and being", "oAKTIV7EluM-00842-00212917-00213080": "able to put those pieces together every", "oAKTIV7EluM-00843-00213081-00213339": "day without micromanaging and that was", "oAKTIV7EluM-00844-00213340-00213677": "that was a significant achievement and", "oAKTIV7EluM-00845-00213678-00214019": "in my opinion so I mean every day we'd", "oAKTIV7EluM-00846-00214021-00214223": "go around the world in one hour on a vtc", "oAKTIV7EluM-00847-00214225-00214403": "you would touch every node across the", "oAKTIV7EluM-00848-00214404-00214607": "globe and you would know exactly what's", "oAKTIV7EluM-00849-00214608-00214826": "going on you would he as a commander", "oAKTIV7EluM-00850-00214827-00214952": "would know what he needed to do to", "oAKTIV7EluM-00851-00214953-00215210": "enable and to help it wasn't a brief", "oAKTIV7EluM-00852-00215211-00215405": "back to hey how you know how great stuff", "oAKTIV7EluM-00853-00215406-00215546": "is it's no kidding", "oAKTIV7EluM-00854-00215548-00215654": "here's what we're doing here's what", "oAKTIV7EluM-00855-00215655-00215753": "we're struggling with here's what we", "oAKTIV7EluM-00856-00215754-00216066": "need and and and that would that would", "oAKTIV7EluM-00857-00216067-00216348": "resonate and and and folks would pick up", "oAKTIV7EluM-00858-00216348-00216658": "the ball and run to knock those out so", "oAKTIV7EluM-00859-00216659-00216923": "trust your folks don't micromanage and", "oAKTIV7EluM-00860-00216925-00217208": "and that was the way that that that", "oAKTIV7EluM-00861-00217209-00217367": "general crystal I want crave from you", "oAKTIV7EluM-00862-00217369-00217694": "know after him continued to manage the", "oAKTIV7EluM-00863-00217696-00217898": "force and it was it was very impressive", "oAKTIV7EluM-00864-00217900-00218096": "and one that you know I carry an into", "oAKTIV7EluM-00865-00218098-00218369": "industry today folks just can't quite", "oAKTIV7EluM-00866-00218371-00218696": "understand how you can not all be in the", "oAKTIV7EluM-00867-00218698-00218984": "same room but get a common goal done and", "oAKTIV7EluM-00868-00218985-00219353": "and execute so pushing into two thousand", "oAKTIV7EluM-00869-00219354-00219591": "four and five on the staff this", "oAKTIV7EluM-00870-00219592-00219819": "shortfall starts being recognized in the", "oAKTIV7EluM-00871-00219819-00219998": "in the tactical level of ISR can you", "oAKTIV7EluM-00872-00220000-00220076": "speak to a little bit about the", "oAKTIV7EluM-00873-00220077-00220232": "background and then what what your", "oAKTIV7EluM-00874-00220233-00220385": "understanding was as the decision was", "oAKTIV7EluM-00875-00220386-00220967": "made to fuel to you 28 well the I was", "oAKTIV7EluM-00876-00220969-00221217": "adapt I was I was floored at Bagram as I", "oAKTIV7EluM-00877-00221217-00221367": "just saw a commander I'm sitting there", "oAKTIV7EluM-00878-00221367-00221633": "living and breathing the mission the", "oAKTIV7EluM-00879-00221634-00221850": "shortfall and the tax you know form from", "oAKTIV7EluM-00880-00221851-00222008": "ananias our perspective and an execution", "oAKTIV7EluM-00881-00222009-00222260": "perspective there just wasn't enough to", "oAKTIV7EluM-00882-00222261-00222489": "go around at a tactical basis I knew", "oAKTIV7EluM-00883-00222490-00222792": "exactly what the Ground Force commander", "oAKTIV7EluM-00884-00222792-00223019": "needed and wanted and was familiar with", "oAKTIV7EluM-00885-00223021-00223194": "the requirement across the board but it", "oAKTIV7EluM-00886-00223194-00223376": "was pretty heads down in the fight so", "oAKTIV7EluM-00887-00223377-00223583": "when I got a phone call saying hey", "oAKTIV7EluM-00888-00223584-00223684": "actually we're", "oAKTIV7EluM-00889-00223685-00223855": "we're gonna address this we're gonna", "oAKTIV7EluM-00890-00223856-00224125": "build an airplane we're gonna get it on", "oAKTIV7EluM-00891-00224126-00224290": "the road and out the door in six months", "oAKTIV7EluM-00892-00224291-00224626": "and we need you to come back in and and", "oAKTIV7EluM-00893-00224627-00225016": "and figure it out so I was familiar with", "oAKTIV7EluM-00894-00225017-00225301": "the tactical need and requirement and", "oAKTIV7EluM-00895-00225302-00225487": "the way that you know something like", "oAKTIV7EluM-00896-00225488-00225814": "that could be employed but then I got", "oAKTIV7EluM-00897-00225815-00226153": "back to Hurlburt and realized well okay", "oAKTIV7EluM-00898-00226154-00226516": "the f sock staff SOCOM staff you know", "oAKTIV7EluM-00899-00226517-00226746": "they briefed it and had gone to Congress", "oAKTIV7EluM-00900-00226748-00227239": "as a stopgap fill for a shortfall and", "oAKTIV7EluM-00901-00227240-00227592": "the mq-1 mq-9 is our platforms both in", "oAKTIV7EluM-00902-00227594-00227823": "crews and equipment let's get something", "oAKTIV7EluM-00903-00227825-00228037": "out the door as quickly as possible six", "oAKTIV7EluM-00904-00228038-00228283": "months was the mandate to fill that gap", "oAKTIV7EluM-00905-00228284-00228484": "for the next two years until that", "oAKTIV7EluM-00906-00228485-00228661": "production cycle my training cycle could", "oAKTIV7EluM-00907-00228662-00228940": "catch up so absolutely temporary in", "oAKTIV7EluM-00908-00228941-00229162": "nature nothing more than a man predator", "oAKTIV7EluM-00909-00229163-00229360": "get it done and get it out the door so", "oAKTIV7EluM-00910-00229361-00229471": "that's what was happening at the", "oAKTIV7EluM-00911-00229471-00229755": "headquarters level I knew very well", "oAKTIV7EluM-00912-00229756-00230035": "fully what was going on at the at the", "oAKTIV7EluM-00913-00230036-00230626": "ground level so we inherited the task so", "oAKTIV7EluM-00914-00230627-00230761": "as far as describing that task a little", "oAKTIV7EluM-00915-00230762-00230914": "bit I know we have to figure up on the", "oAKTIV7EluM-00916-00230915-00231058": "on the board that everybody can see here", "oAKTIV7EluM-00917-00231059-00231157": "can you talk a little bit of how this", "oAKTIV7EluM-00918-00231158-00231391": "how this team built that requirement and", "oAKTIV7EluM-00919-00231392-00231511": "turned it into something different than", "oAKTIV7EluM-00920-00231512-00231810": "it than a man further well yeah I", "oAKTIV7EluM-00921-00231811-00232027": "actually to have that available and", "oAKTIV7EluM-00922-00232028-00232363": "really the the graphic on the right if", "oAKTIV7EluM-00923-00232364-00232498": "you could read it if you can't read it", "oAKTIV7EluM-00924-00232498-00232642": "now I encourage you to kind of you know", "oAKTIV7EluM-00925-00232642-00232792": "get up close and look at it here a", "oAKTIV7EluM-00926-00232792-00233050": "little bit later but you'll see all the", "oAKTIV7EluM-00927-00233051-00233185": "folks that made that happen at the", "oAKTIV7EluM-00928-00233186-00233401": "operational squadron level from the air", "oAKTIV7EluM-00929-00233402-00233617": "crew perspective you'll see you know", "oAKTIV7EluM-00930-00233617-00233785": "four flights of eight guys that just", "oAKTIV7EluM-00931-00233786-00234103": "busted their butt you'll see in the", "oAKTIV7EluM-00932-00234104-00234369": "corners you'll see you know ten naval", "oAKTIV7EluM-00933-00234371-00234586": "flight officers around that that circle", "oAKTIV7EluM-00934-00234587-00234886": "who picked up the ball deployed for a", "oAKTIV7EluM-00935-00234887-00234946": "year", "oAKTIV7EluM-00936-00234946-00235306": "forward for the full 12 months and man", "oAKTIV7EluM-00937-00235307-00235477": "the systems in the back of the airplane", "oAKTIV7EluM-00938-00235478-00235681": "because the Air Force wasn't prepared", "oAKTIV7EluM-00939-00235682-00235819": "and ready after all it was just", "oAKTIV7EluM-00940-00235819-00235975": "temporary so why would we why would we", "oAKTIV7EluM-00941-00235976-00236164": "man for anything other than somebody to", "oAKTIV7EluM-00942-00236165-00236506": "fly the machine so you know by the way", "oAKTIV7EluM-00943-00236507-00236752": "we just we didn't tell anybody till 2012", "oAKTIV7EluM-00944-00236753-00236881": "that the", "oAKTIV7EluM-00945-00236882-00237100": "the thing that it did was is our you", "oAKTIV7EluM-00946-00237101-00237406": "know we it was interested or mobility so", "oAKTIV7EluM-00947-00237407-00237625": "again I here I was you know handing the", "oAKTIV7EluM-00948-00237626-00237826": "flag over or getting you know getting", "oAKTIV7EluM-00949-00237827-00238006": "the flag past a stand up the squadron", "oAKTIV7EluM-00950-00238007-00238201": "what looked back to Laurie and the kids", "oAKTIV7EluM-00951-00238202-00238441": "and said hey you know I took him out to", "oAKTIV7EluM-00952-00238442-00238615": "the flight line and showed us lick pc-12", "oAKTIV7EluM-00953-00238616-00238782": "with you know executive seats of stuff", "oAKTIV7EluM-00954-00238783-00238948": "in the back of it and they're like hey", "oAKTIV7EluM-00955-00238948-00239227": "what do you wear sequins hey", "oAKTIV7EluM-00956-00239228-00239404": "I flew generals for living when I first", "oAKTIV7EluM-00957-00239405-00239578": "came in the Air Force I screwed up I'm", "oAKTIV7EluM-00958-00239579-00239851": "still flying journalist really so that's", "oAKTIV7EluM-00959-00239852-00240298": "what was said and but we had to transit", "oAKTIV7EluM-00960-00240298-00240616": "you know work work the the tactical", "oAKTIV7EluM-00961-00240617-00240952": "mission behind the scenes so that's", "oAKTIV7EluM-00962-00240953-00241146": "everybody on the right hand side and and", "oAKTIV7EluM-00963-00241148-00241314": "they they move mountains", "oAKTIV7EluM-00964-00241315-00241557": "organizationally the way we pulled this", "oAKTIV7EluM-00965-00241558-00241844": "off again I things lined up perfectly", "oAKTIV7EluM-00966-00241846-00242167": "you know for reason and we kept", "oAKTIV7EluM-00967-00242167-00242296": "everything at the lowest level possible", "oAKTIV7EluM-00968-00242296-00242452": "I talked a little bit at breakfast with", "oAKTIV7EluM-00969-00242453-00242835": "Lindley about this who you know she flew", "oAKTIV7EluM-00970-00242836-00243042": "RC 26 a little bit and we were talking", "oAKTIV7EluM-00971-00243044-00243253": "about how do how do how did we get this", "oAKTIV7EluM-00972-00243254-00243592": "done and really you know you can get for", "oAKTIV7EluM-00973-00243592-00243766": "a for an acquisition program there's you", "oAKTIV7EluM-00974-00243767-00243976": "you there's three things cost schedule", "oAKTIV7EluM-00975-00243977-00244185": "and performance you can get any two of", "oAKTIV7EluM-00976-00244186-00244306": "the three but you're never gonna get", "oAKTIV7EluM-00977-00244307-00244473": "three out of the three well for us the", "oAKTIV7EluM-00978-00244475-00244767": "only only one was scheduled we had to", "oAKTIV7EluM-00979-00244769-00244927": "get something fielded in six months that", "oAKTIV7EluM-00980-00244928-00245082": "was the only thing that we were focused", "oAKTIV7EluM-00981-00245083-00245292": "on we were constantly trading off cost", "oAKTIV7EluM-00982-00245294-00245587": "versus performance so how did that work", "oAKTIV7EluM-00983-00245588-00245898": "we focused everything as we started", "oAKTIV7EluM-00984-00245900-00246004": "talking to the beginning of this", "oAKTIV7EluM-00985-00246005-00246190": "conversation was on the ground force", "oAKTIV7EluM-00986-00246191-00246459": "commander so to the Army and the Navy", "oAKTIV7EluM-00987-00246460-00246648": "elements that's where the requirements", "oAKTIV7EluM-00988-00246650-00246798": "came from that's who we were supporting", "oAKTIV7EluM-00989-00246800-00246979": "and that's those are the tools that we", "oAKTIV7EluM-00990-00246980-00247267": "need to be able to field to execute so", "oAKTIV7EluM-00991-00247267-00247540": "we got that from the ground up cycle", "oAKTIV7EluM-00992-00247541-00247696": "that up through the JSOC staff to the", "oAKTIV7EluM-00993-00247696-00248007": "air component at a VA and then", "oAKTIV7EluM-00994-00248008-00248167": "everything you see in that circle is", "oAKTIV7EluM-00995-00248167-00248382": "what we kept down at the lowest level", "oAKTIV7EluM-00996-00248383-00248731": "possible to execute so you'll have AB", "oAKTIV7EluM-00997-00248732-00248887": "Tech who was the subject matter experts", "oAKTIV7EluM-00998-00248888-00249076": "to make sure that the ground Force", "oAKTIV7EluM-00999-00249077-00249244": "commanders requirements and intent were", "oAKTIV7EluM-01000-00249244-00249471": "met and that we were satisfied you know", "oAKTIV7EluM-01001-00249473-00249609": "threshold versus objective for whatever", "oAKTIV7EluM-01002-00249610-00249865": "the requirements were we had big Safari", "oAKTIV7EluM-01003-00249866-00250135": "that was the program office there was", "oAKTIV7EluM-01004-00250136-00250477": "Tagg to execute this and in a very short", "oAKTIV7EluM-01005-00250478-00250744": "timeframe and then you had the the", "oAKTIV7EluM-01006-00250744-00250953": "offsite guys and the Navy folks", "oAKTIV7EluM-01007-00250954-00251140": "partnered with us was the prime", "oAKTIV7EluM-01008-00251141-00251365": "contractor s and C and then we also", "oAKTIV7EluM-01009-00251366-00251539": "brought an avenge to do some pilot", "oAKTIV7EluM-01010-00251540-00251785": "training as we started ramping up the", "oAKTIV7EluM-01011-00251786-00252016": "ranks but the importance of that circle", "oAKTIV7EluM-01012-00252017-00252242": "is that's where everything had happened", "oAKTIV7EluM-01013-00252244-00252523": "we didn't go up to the wing and to the F", "oAKTIV7EluM-01014-00252523-00252736": "sock and ask for permission and go", "oAKTIV7EluM-01015-00252737-00252948": "through and have program elements and", "oAKTIV7EluM-01016-00252950-00253273": "program you know execution plans I went", "oAKTIV7EluM-01017-00253273-00253483": "there for resourcing and I went there to", "oAKTIV7EluM-01018-00253484-00253690": "tell them what it is we needed and and", "oAKTIV7EluM-01019-00253691-00254121": "when when we needed it and that's what", "oAKTIV7EluM-01020-00254123-00254434": "made it work we did everything at the", "oAKTIV7EluM-01021-00254435-00254817": "unit level and the big Safari of PMD", "oAKTIV7EluM-01022-00254819-00254871": "Miceli", "oAKTIV7EluM-01023-00254873-00255117": "was outstanding at being responsive and", "oAKTIV7EluM-01024-00255119-00255346": "allowing us to execute at that level so", "oAKTIV7EluM-01025-00255346-00255646": "we had a guy at the SSE facility tomb", "oAKTIV7EluM-01026-00255646-00255985": "accident possible you know had eyes on", "oAKTIV7EluM-01027-00255986-00256312": "and and making sure that you know", "oAKTIV7EluM-01028-00256313-00256669": "decisions were made appropriately so as", "oAKTIV7EluM-01029-00256669-00256821": "far as that timeline is concerned could", "oAKTIV7EluM-01030-00256823-00256944": "you speak to the importance of that", "oAKTIV7EluM-01031-00256946-00257152": "eighty percent let's roll out without", "oAKTIV7EluM-01032-00257153-00257362": "talking with mr. Miceli and so forth how", "oAKTIV7EluM-01033-00257363-00257563": "did that work yeah I mean 80 percent", "oAKTIV7EluM-01034-00257564-00257686": "solution was all we were gonna be able", "oAKTIV7EluM-01035-00257687-00257866": "to get so six months was the it was the", "oAKTIV7EluM-01036-00257867-00258163": "mandate we actually fielded it in about", "oAKTIV7EluM-01037-00258164-00258579": "eight a little over eight and that was", "oAKTIV7EluM-01038-00258580-00258889": "mostly because we had to get crews", "oAKTIV7EluM-01039-00258890-00259290": "trained the first you know six months", "oAKTIV7EluM-01040-00259291-00259569": "nobody saw a mission piece of equipment", "oAKTIV7EluM-01041-00259571-00259663": "at all", "oAKTIV7EluM-01042-00259664-00259858": "we flew the pc-12 for the six lick", "oAKTIV7EluM-01043-00259859-00260035": "airplane we did em BG's we did air land", "oAKTIV7EluM-01044-00260036-00260206": "we did everything we could", "oAKTIV7EluM-01045-00260207-00260428": "permission to set perspective except the", "oAKTIV7EluM-01046-00260429-00260557": "actual thing we would be tasked to do", "oAKTIV7EluM-01047-00260558-00260665": "overseas because we didn't have the", "oAKTIV7EluM-01048-00260666-00261241": "equipment so so guys were were you know", "oAKTIV7EluM-01049-00261242-00261427": "at a disadvantage there so eighty", "oAKTIV7EluM-01050-00261428-00261567": "percent was all we were able to get out", "oAKTIV7EluM-01051-00261569-00261931": "the door was it perfect no did we have", "oAKTIV7EluM-01052-00261932-00262129": "any SI tools up front and the airplane", "oAKTIV7EluM-01053-00262130-00262294": "for the back end systems it initially", "oAKTIV7EluM-01054-00262295-00262558": "absolutely not so our you know our guys", "oAKTIV7EluM-01055-00262559-00262771": "you know working with us and C said I K", "oAKTIV7EluM-01056-00262772-00262984": "just give me a network cable give me a", "oAKTIV7EluM-01057-00262985-00263185": "give me a laptop we'll work the rest out", "oAKTIV7EluM-01058-00263186-00263383": "so I can have at least si in terms of", "oAKTIV7EluM-01059-00263384-00263509": "what the sensors looking at where", "oAKTIV7EluM-01060-00263510-00263659": "to put the airplane what's important", "oAKTIV7EluM-01061-00263660-00263846": "what's going on in the ground so so", "oAKTIV7EluM-01062-00263847-00263969": "those are the things that we worked out", "oAKTIV7EluM-01063-00263970-00264296": "at the unit level you know when the", "oAKTIV7EluM-01064-00264297-00264563": "airplane was delivered it flied out it", "oAKTIV7EluM-01065-00264564-00264767": "didn't work right off the bat sensor", "oAKTIV7EluM-01066-00264768-00264901": "sight line was was way out of the", "oAKTIV7EluM-01067-00264902-00265102": "picture and we just we couldn't train we", "oAKTIV7EluM-01068-00265103-00265322": "couldn't deploy so we had to push pause", "oAKTIV7EluM-01069-00265323-00265597": "bring everybody in for about a 48 hour", "oAKTIV7EluM-01070-00265598-00265807": "period of time and let the experts work", "oAKTIV7EluM-01071-00265808-00266149": "through it to fix it but again it was 18", "oAKTIV7EluM-01072-00266150-00266284": "percent Saul you're gonna get going out", "oAKTIV7EluM-01073-00266285-00266560": "the door speaking those experts I know a", "oAKTIV7EluM-01074-00266561-00266741": "couple of plank holders John Ross and", "oAKTIV7EluM-01075-00266742-00266899": "Russ flowers are here today can you talk", "oAKTIV7EluM-01076-00266900-00267068": "about how you empowered that relatively", "oAKTIV7EluM-01077-00267069-00267274": "small group early on to run and be the", "oAKTIV7EluM-01078-00267275-00267397": "experts that you're speaking of", "oAKTIV7EluM-01079-00267398-00267689": "absolutely I mean again like Charlie I'm", "oAKTIV7EluM-01080-00267690-00267799": "not the smartest guy in the room I", "oAKTIV7EluM-01081-00267800-00268000": "counted having the smart folks there and", "oAKTIV7EluM-01082-00268001-00268177": "you just can't micromanage you have to", "oAKTIV7EluM-01083-00268178-00268402": "empower them and and let them run with", "oAKTIV7EluM-01084-00268403-00268585": "it that's exactly what we did we had a", "oAKTIV7EluM-01085-00268586-00269080": "handful of initial cadre you know six", "oAKTIV7EluM-01086-00269081-00269294": "really strong really strong performance", "oAKTIV7EluM-01087-00269295-00269485": "out of out of the a stock black side of", "oAKTIV7EluM-01088-00269486-00269738": "the world we had the first probably 12", "oAKTIV7EluM-01089-00269739-00269977": "to 16 we're all within a stock ranks and", "oAKTIV7EluM-01090-00269978-00270205": "then we ran out it's pretty quick a", "oAKTIV7EluM-01091-00270206-00270532": "stock was standing up the third SOS", "oAKTIV7EluM-01092-00270533-00270842": "bring it on the the mc-130 whiskeys so", "oAKTIV7EluM-01093-00270843-00271006": "they had a manpower drill that they just", "oAKTIV7EluM-01094-00271007-00271265": "couldn't satisfy so we went out to AMC", "oAKTIV7EluM-01095-00271266-00271522": "and we selected hand selected folks with", "oAKTIV7EluM-01096-00271523-00271847": "not the best person and I want to", "oAKTIV7EluM-01097-00271848-00271970": "emphasize that we weren't looking for", "oAKTIV7EluM-01098-00271971-00272090": "the best person we were looking for the", "oAKTIV7EluM-01099-00272091-00272294": "right person to come in and to do the", "oAKTIV7EluM-01100-00272295-00272462": "job with the right attitude they could", "oAKTIV7EluM-01101-00272463-00272674": "quickly and adapt and operate on this", "oAKTIV7EluM-01102-00272675-00272867": "timeline in this environment and then", "oAKTIV7EluM-01103-00272868-00273221": "you know autonomously so we you know", "oAKTIV7EluM-01104-00273222-00273631": "first 32 guys you know in the door were", "oAKTIV7EluM-01105-00273632-00273971": "tasked with that responsibility and they", "oAKTIV7EluM-01106-00273972-00274247": "they took the ball and ran with it we", "oAKTIV7EluM-01107-00274248-00274445": "just divided up what had to be done from", "oAKTIV7EluM-01108-00274446-00274697": "a 1 to a 5 you know and we structured", "oAKTIV7EluM-01109-00274698-00275050": "the squadron that way to to match you", "oAKTIV7EluM-01110-00275051-00275267": "know our ground force elements joint", "oAKTIV7EluM-01111-00275268-00275402": "elements and then the", "oAKTIV7EluM-01112-00275403-00275663": "headquarters element at a stock to knock", "oAKTIV7EluM-01113-00275664-00275912": "that out so talking a little bit more", "oAKTIV7EluM-01114-00275913-00276068": "about how this rapid growth ended up", "oAKTIV7EluM-01115-00276069-00276185": "working to get from that eighty percent", "oAKTIV7EluM-01116-00276186-00276380": "through that that last twenty percent", "oAKTIV7EluM-01117-00276381-00276578": "could you talk to the training that the", "oAKTIV7EluM-01118-00276579-00276782": "guys went down range and did and also", "oAKTIV7EluM-01119-00276783-00276899": "how you started incorporating some of", "oAKTIV7EluM-01120-00276900-00277094": "the younger less-experienced aircrew", "oAKTIV7EluM-01121-00277095-00277304": "right I mean as I said no we didn't have", "oAKTIV7EluM-01122-00277305-00277457": "any of the mission equipment so how", "oAKTIV7EluM-01123-00277458-00277706": "could we get the guys exposed to that so", "oAKTIV7EluM-01124-00277707-00278114": "everybody went down range for for", "oAKTIV7EluM-01125-00278115-00278630": "several weeks to see the mission live", "oAKTIV7EluM-01126-00278631-00278930": "and breathe at the fob talked with the", "oAKTIV7EluM-01127-00278931-00279107": "user understand what was going on and", "oAKTIV7EluM-01128-00279108-00279287": "flying other platforms that were that", "oAKTIV7EluM-01129-00279288-00279539": "were overhead close close to close to", "oAKTIV7EluM-01130-00279540-00279749": "target and understand what needed to be", "oAKTIV7EluM-01131-00279750-00279977": "done so that was a requirement for", "oAKTIV7EluM-01132-00279978-00280169": "everybody before they went out the door", "oAKTIV7EluM-01133-00280170-00280286": "regardless of whether they flew the", "oAKTIV7EluM-01134-00280287-00280577": "mission airplane or not and and that's", "oAKTIV7EluM-01135-00280578-00280838": "just how we executed it we the only way", "oAKTIV7EluM-01136-00280839-00281018": "we could go as fast as we could", "oAKTIV7EluM-01137-00281019-00281212": "we did at that time was because we had", "oAKTIV7EluM-01138-00281213-00281507": "experienced crew members in the door", "oAKTIV7EluM-01139-00281508-00281678": "first I didn't have to work on their", "oAKTIV7EluM-01140-00281679-00281957": "basic flying skills NVGs you know they", "oAKTIV7EluM-01141-00281958-00282089": "could talk in the radio they can run the", "oAKTIV7EluM-01142-00282090-00282290": "stack we had that at baseline experience", "oAKTIV7EluM-01143-00282291-00282551": "and then as the squadron got larger and", "oAKTIV7EluM-01144-00282552-00282880": "we the experience level began to reduce", "oAKTIV7EluM-01145-00282881-00283157": "then those training cycles had had to", "oAKTIV7EluM-01146-00283158-00283382": "expand to be able to give them the", "oAKTIV7EluM-01147-00283383-00283820": "proper foundation so as you start", "oAKTIV7EluM-01148-00283821-00284012": "recognizing what that other 20% is going", "oAKTIV7EluM-01149-00284013-00284174": "to look like and some of these smart", "oAKTIV7EluM-01150-00284175-00284378": "guys smart experts in the squadron have", "oAKTIV7EluM-01151-00284379-00284642": "ideas what did the rapid innovation", "oAKTIV7EluM-01152-00284643-00284807": "process look like", "oAKTIV7EluM-01153-00284808-00284945": "what did you end up stand it the combat", "oAKTIV7EluM-01154-00284946-00285095": "development division right that process", "oAKTIV7EluM-01155-00285096-00285377": "go yeah so for us the way to attack a", "oAKTIV7EluM-01156-00285378-00285713": "problem or a shortfall was to solve it", "oAKTIV7EluM-01157-00285714-00285935": "at the unit level so we stood up a", "oAKTIV7EluM-01158-00285936-00286106": "combat development division I was the", "oAKTIV7EluM-01159-00286107-00286217": "first time I was done there and a half", "oAKTIV7EluM-01160-00286218-00286424": "sock for a flying unit and other other", "oAKTIV7EluM-01161-00286425-00286676": "units had done it but that was", "oAKTIV7EluM-01162-00286677-00286949": "let's resource them with the technology", "oAKTIV7EluM-01163-00286950-00287282": "and the tools to tinker and to figure", "oAKTIV7EluM-01164-00287283-00287435": "out what the right solution is so we had", "oAKTIV7EluM-01165-00287436-00287594": "kind of our own little mad scientist lab", "oAKTIV7EluM-01166-00287595-00287813": "in the squadron we had a set of", "oAKTIV7EluM-01167-00287814-00287993": "Porcupine antennas up on the roof we had", "oAKTIV7EluM-01168-00287994-00288158": "a full rack you know simulation", "oAKTIV7EluM-01169-00288159-00288356": "simulated a set of equipment from the", "oAKTIV7EluM-01170-00288357-00288581": "airplane and then we were working to see", "oAKTIV7EluM-01171-00288582-00288675": "what from the", "oAKTIV7EluM-01172-00288676-00288990": "interface we could do to to close that", "oAKTIV7EluM-01173-00288991-00289200": "gap and that was all done internal of", "oAKTIV7EluM-01174-00289201-00289425": "the squadron inside that circle so we", "oAKTIV7EluM-01175-00289426-00289638": "found a solution we would try it out", "oAKTIV7EluM-01176-00289639-00289824": "we'd communicate it up through da Miceli", "oAKTIV7EluM-01177-00289825-00289974": "and big safar say hey here's what we're", "oAKTIV7EluM-01178-00289975-00290172": "thinking let's get let's get the yes and", "oAKTIV7EluM-01179-00290173-00290346": "see engineers to validate it yep that", "oAKTIV7EluM-01180-00290347-00290475": "works or actually no here's a better", "oAKTIV7EluM-01181-00290476-00290646": "piece of equipment get that done in a", "oAKTIV7EluM-01182-00290647-00290984": "very very tight circle and then not", "oAKTIV7EluM-01183-00290985-00291201": "asked for permission just say hey here's", "oAKTIV7EluM-01184-00291202-00291387": "where we're going with it so we were", "oAKTIV7EluM-01185-00291388-00291666": "able to go from a block 0 to block 10", "oAKTIV7EluM-01186-00291667-00291906": "which was a glass cockpit mod to", "oAKTIV7EluM-01187-00291907-00292215": "actually put screens interfaces for the", "oAKTIV7EluM-01188-00292216-00292338": "Mishnah systems up in the aircraft", "oAKTIV7EluM-01189-00292339-00292512": "because again fielding the 80% solution", "oAKTIV7EluM-01190-00292513-00292650": "that would there wasn't even time for", "oAKTIV7EluM-01191-00292651-00293103": "that and that was doing you know digital", "oAKTIV7EluM-01192-00293104-00293373": "cast was just starting to be done but", "oAKTIV7EluM-01193-00293374-00293604": "there wasn't a digital digital", "oAKTIV7EluM-01194-00293605-00293885": "helicopter assault we were we were", "oAKTIV7EluM-01195-00293886-00294078": "talking our helicopter a soft force on", "oAKTIV7EluM-01196-00294079-00294426": "two moving targets using video using MGR", "oAKTIV7EluM-01197-00294427-00294639": "s on a chart and doing a radio call on", "oAKTIV7EluM-01198-00294640-00294822": "trying to map and decide where that guy", "oAKTIV7EluM-01199-00294823-00294990": "was going to be next so we can you know", "oAKTIV7EluM-01200-00294991-00295278": "vector and a helicopter VI to get to the", "oAKTIV7EluM-01201-00295279-00295494": "right place at the right time the guys", "oAKTIV7EluM-01202-00295495-00295704": "in the CDD said hey this is stupid", "oAKTIV7EluM-01203-00295705-00295965": "we can do better than this I said okay", "oAKTIV7EluM-01204-00295966-00296108": "what do you need is it well actually we", "oAKTIV7EluM-01205-00296109-00296255": "have everything we need everything we", "oAKTIV7EluM-01206-00296256-00296379": "need to do this is already on the", "oAKTIV7EluM-01207-00296380-00296739": "airplane - some software so you know", "oAKTIV7EluM-01208-00296740-00296935": "while we were afford we talked to the", "oAKTIV7EluM-01209-00296936-00297150": "air mission commander for that for the", "oAKTIV7EluM-01210-00297151-00297300": "helicopter assault force or the day VI", "oAKTIV7EluM-01211-00297301-00297528": "guys I said okay what are you looking at", "oAKTIV7EluM-01212-00297529-00297654": "what information you need when do you", "oAKTIV7EluM-01213-00297655-00297849": "need it how do you need to presented and", "oAKTIV7EluM-01214-00297850-00297999": "then we went back and had a really smart", "oAKTIV7EluM-01215-00298000-00298374": "guy at at Hurlburt software code", "oAKTIV7EluM-01216-00298375-00298722": "Lou Lou Boucher you know did some some", "oAKTIV7EluM-01217-00298723-00299013": "coding for us he would zip it and send", "oAKTIV7EluM-01218-00299014-00299142": "it to us floored we'd upload it we", "oAKTIV7EluM-01219-00299143-00299376": "validate it we'd fly it it worked", "oAKTIV7EluM-01220-00299377-00299531": "oh actually we needed to tweak a couple", "oAKTIV7EluM-01221-00299532-00299655": "things we sent it back to us this was a", "oAKTIV7EluM-01222-00299656-00299925": "matter of three or four hours we were", "oAKTIV7EluM-01223-00299926-00300155": "able to get that that software tweaked", "oAKTIV7EluM-01224-00300156-00300390": "and that's that's how we filled it and", "oAKTIV7EluM-01225-00300391-00300572": "did our day vis and there on out so", "oAKTIV7EluM-01226-00300573-00300864": "having it having the experts at the unit", "oAKTIV7EluM-01227-00300865-00301095": "and I can't stress this enough you know", "oAKTIV7EluM-01228-00301096-00301296": "that the biggest takeaway and even as I", "oAKTIV7EluM-01229-00301297-00301725": "you know left the squadron and got to", "oAKTIV7EluM-01230-00301726-00301824": "the group and", "oAKTIV7EluM-01231-00301825-00302082": "and headquarters level and you guys will", "oAKTIV7EluM-01232-00302083-00302214": "as well", "oAKTIV7EluM-01233-00302215-00302420": "you'll mature out of the squadron and", "oAKTIV7EluM-01234-00302421-00302715": "but you can absolutely can't forget that", "oAKTIV7EluM-01235-00302716-00302958": "the experts reside in the squadron the", "oAKTIV7EluM-01236-00302959-00303180": "mission experts are in the squadron so", "oAKTIV7EluM-01237-00303181-00303408": "don't think the staff is going to solve", "oAKTIV7EluM-01238-00303409-00303594": "all the problems don't think those are", "oAKTIV7EluM-01239-00303595-00303747": "the only places that the experts are", "oAKTIV7EluM-01240-00303748-00303948": "it's quite frankly at many headquarters", "oAKTIV7EluM-01241-00303949-00304080": "folks have been there way too long and", "oAKTIV7EluM-01242-00304081-00304131": "are stale", "oAKTIV7EluM-01243-00304132-00304512": "but the the core competency and", "oAKTIV7EluM-01244-00304513-00304788": "expertise for all of this is at the", "oAKTIV7EluM-01245-00304789-00305022": "squadron level with empowering those", "oAKTIV7EluM-01246-00305023-00305151": "folks in your squadron where all those", "oAKTIV7EluM-01247-00305152-00305331": "great ideas are coming from where there", "oAKTIV7EluM-01248-00305332-00305565": "are any any examples you can give of I", "oAKTIV7EluM-01249-00305566-00305718": "think the phrase use is getting out in", "oAKTIV7EluM-01250-00305719-00305871": "front of the headlights and how did that", "oAKTIV7EluM-01251-00305872-00306093": "work within the group wing and above", "oAKTIV7EluM-01252-00306094-00306471": "well I mean to for the folks to operate", "oAKTIV7EluM-01253-00306472-00306798": "in that circle confidently and as you", "oAKTIV7EluM-01254-00306799-00306921": "said there's a handful I'm here in the", "oAKTIV7EluM-01255-00306922-00307490": "in the in the room today you know it was", "oAKTIV7EluM-01256-00307491-00307808": "imperative to me to to find what the", "oAKTIV7EluM-01257-00307809-00308133": "left and right limits were to give them", "oAKTIV7EluM-01258-00308134-00308469": "the intent in the goal and then provide", "oAKTIV7EluM-01259-00308470-00308660": "them the resource as best as I can and", "oAKTIV7EluM-01260-00308661-00308909": "then just stand back and just provide", "oAKTIV7EluM-01261-00308910-00309246": "the top cover so yeah there were many", "oAKTIV7EluM-01262-00309247-00309423": "times where you know we would do", "oAKTIV7EluM-01263-00309424-00309612": "something rather quickly and get in", "oAKTIV7EluM-01264-00309613-00309918": "front of headlights but it was my goal", "oAKTIV7EluM-01265-00309919-00310212": "always to at least have them understand", "oAKTIV7EluM-01266-00310213-00310503": "that you know if come back and tell me", "oAKTIV7EluM-01267-00310504-00310704": "if something goes sideways as quickly as", "oAKTIV7EluM-01268-00310705-00310808": "possible I know that's not always", "oAKTIV7EluM-01269-00310809-00311157": "possible but you know I got your back", "oAKTIV7EluM-01270-00311158-00311459": "because we need to make this work so you", "oAKTIV7EluM-01271-00311460-00311649": "know I've always always thought you", "oAKTIV7EluM-01272-00311650-00311796": "can't steer a parked car and you can't", "oAKTIV7EluM-01273-00311797-00311991": "hang a guy for his first mistake so if", "oAKTIV7EluM-01274-00311992-00312110": "there if you're gonna solve something", "oAKTIV7EluM-01275-00312111-00312324": "fast you're gonna run hard and you're", "oAKTIV7EluM-01276-00312325-00312441": "gonna get some bumps and bruises along", "oAKTIV7EluM-01277-00312442-00312729": "the way but you know defining those left", "oAKTIV7EluM-01278-00312730-00312855": "and right limits and then making sure", "oAKTIV7EluM-01279-00312856-00313026": "that folks to your left and right and", "oAKTIV7EluM-01280-00313027-00313239": "above have your back that's that's what", "oAKTIV7EluM-01281-00313240-00313341": "made it work", "oAKTIV7EluM-01282-00313342-00313593": "in hindsight a lot of what you're", "oAKTIV7EluM-01283-00313594-00313716": "talking about involves a lot of", "oAKTIV7EluM-01284-00313717-00313842": "communication knowing your people", "oAKTIV7EluM-01285-00313843-00314057": "knowing what they're good at how did you", "oAKTIV7EluM-01286-00314058-00314271": "extrapolate that out as the squadron", "oAKTIV7EluM-01287-00314272-00314589": "went front from the 30 up to 150 by the", "oAKTIV7EluM-01288-00314590-00314690": "time you were having your team", "oAKTIV7EluM-01289-00314691-00315299": "and yeah I mean the growth was was quick", "oAKTIV7EluM-01290-00315300-00315574": "and as I said the experience level", "oAKTIV7EluM-01291-00315575-00316037": "started to dilute but not in a bad way", "oAKTIV7EluM-01292-00316038-00316238": "just from that from the foundation that", "oAKTIV7EluM-01293-00316239-00316394": "we started we had to learn to do things", "oAKTIV7EluM-01294-00316395-00316643": "differently in terms of a training turns", "oAKTIV7EluM-01295-00316644-00317015": "a prep and and and focus the folks that", "oAKTIV7EluM-01296-00317016-00317224": "we got in from that Tammy to one were", "oAKTIV7EluM-01297-00317225-00317324": "just phenomenal", "oAKTIV7EluM-01298-00317325-00317549": "you know fighter-bomber guys that had", "oAKTIV7EluM-01299-00317550-00317987": "the option the option to go either to mq", "oAKTIV7EluM-01300-00317988-00318376": "nines you twenty eighths and I don't", "oAKTIV7EluM-01301-00318377-00318491": "remember if there's a third choice in", "oAKTIV7EluM-01302-00318492-00318746": "there but we had some really really you", "oAKTIV7EluM-01303-00318747-00318925": "know you know long ball hitters come to", "oAKTIV7EluM-01304-00318926-00319153": "us and and help take us to that next", "oAKTIV7EluM-01305-00319154-00319472": "level and then we had some really really", "oAKTIV7EluM-01306-00319473-00319619": "sharp folks coming right out of flight", "oAKTIV7EluM-01307-00319620-00319885": "school that we're able to adapt those", "oAKTIV7EluM-01308-00319886-00320039": "systems and into the mission very very", "oAKTIV7EluM-01309-00320040-00320254": "quickly I mean I guess the point of your", "oAKTIV7EluM-01310-00320255-00320495": "question though is it you when you've", "oAKTIV7EluM-01311-00320496-00320714": "got sixteen thirty to sixty five folks", "oAKTIV7EluM-01312-00320715-00320929": "you can run a pretty tight core group", "oAKTIV7EluM-01313-00320930-00321119": "and as it starts expanding then so", "oAKTIV7EluM-01314-00321120-00321263": "that's when I started leaning back on", "oAKTIV7EluM-01315-00321264-00321484": "the lessons that I learned from general", "oAKTIV7EluM-01316-00321485-00321658": "McChrystal and others in terms of K this", "oAKTIV7EluM-01317-00321659-00321835": "is going to get big you cannot", "oAKTIV7EluM-01318-00321836-00322009": "micromanage you've got to be able to", "oAKTIV7EluM-01319-00322010-00322124": "have a flattened transparent", "oAKTIV7EluM-01320-00322125-00322282": "organization so flattened in terms of", "oAKTIV7EluM-01321-00322283-00322585": "communication and on a regular basis and", "oAKTIV7EluM-01322-00322586-00322729": "transparent is that everybody needs to", "oAKTIV7EluM-01323-00322730-00322922": "know what the folks are doing alongside", "oAKTIV7EluM-01324-00322923-00323117": "there can be no secrets there can be no", "oAKTIV7EluM-01325-00323118-00323417": "surprises and there can be no agendas so", "oAKTIV7EluM-01326-00323418-00323635": "that's kind of how it helped us get to", "oAKTIV7EluM-01327-00323636-00323779": "that next level", "oAKTIV7EluM-01328-00323780-00323996": "so as this growth is going on can you", "oAKTIV7EluM-01329-00323997-00324124": "talk a little bit about how you stayed", "oAKTIV7EluM-01330-00324125-00324301": "connected with a habitual training and", "oAKTIV7EluM-01331-00324302-00324440": "operational relationship with the joint", "oAKTIV7EluM-01332-00324441-00324569": "partners at the at the base of the", "oAKTIV7EluM-01333-00324570-00325099": "figure here well we were hot and heavy", "oAKTIV7EluM-01334-00325100-00325351": "combat so really for this garage and I", "oAKTIV7EluM-01335-00325352-00325654": "was 60 on 60 off so 60 on about 45 days", "oAKTIV7EluM-01336-00325655-00325799": "at home and the sixty days back in the", "oAKTIV7EluM-01337-00325800-00326002": "chute and those guys did that for years", "oAKTIV7EluM-01338-00326003-00326260": "and and really why it was 60 days is", "oAKTIV7EluM-01339-00326261-00326462": "because they they legally could not fly", "oAKTIV7EluM-01340-00326463-00326837": "another minute according to air force", "oAKTIV7EluM-01341-00326838-00327164": "wave regulations so at sixty days they", "oAKTIV7EluM-01342-00327165-00327347": "were pumpkins had to come back get some", "oAKTIV7EluM-01343-00327348-00327515": "time to clot and you know click off the", "oAKTIV7EluM-01344-00327516-00327773": "clock you know get reacquainted with", "oAKTIV7EluM-01345-00327774-00327883": "with", "oAKTIV7EluM-01346-00327884-00328120": "the home life and then get trained to go", "oAKTIV7EluM-01347-00328121-00328366": "back out again so not a whole lot of", "oAKTIV7EluM-01348-00328367-00328509": "opportunity other than the Ford", "oAKTIV7EluM-01349-00328510-00328905": "engagement as the numbers increased and", "oAKTIV7EluM-01350-00328906-00329152": "we had the ability to do some training", "oAKTIV7EluM-01351-00329153-00329395": "iterations back at home then it was okay", "oAKTIV7EluM-01352-00329396-00329742": "how do I habitually mate a squadron", "oAKTIV7EluM-01353-00329743-00330094": "flight up with a ground user get them on", "oAKTIV7EluM-01354-00330095-00330406": "the same rotation cycle so that there's", "oAKTIV7EluM-01355-00330407-00330700": "familiarity there's comfort with with", "oAKTIV7EluM-01356-00330701-00330916": "everybody from you know the top of the", "oAKTIV7EluM-01357-00330917-00331139": "stack all the way down to the ground so", "oAKTIV7EluM-01358-00331140-00331426": "I know I know the person not you know", "oAKTIV7EluM-01359-00331427-00331576": "not because of the callsign but because", "oAKTIV7EluM-01360-00331577-00331870": "of the voice so we talked a lot about", "oAKTIV7EluM-01361-00331871-00332039": "the operational side from the aircrew", "oAKTIV7EluM-01362-00332040-00332194": "down to the guys on the ground can you", "oAKTIV7EluM-01363-00332195-00332422": "talk a little bit about a which we", "oAKTIV7EluM-01364-00332423-00332599": "mentioned Dan Miceli but mr. Hondo Gertz", "oAKTIV7EluM-01365-00332600-00332755": "and what he was doing within PEO", "oAKTIV7EluM-01366-00332756-00332908": "fixed-wing for how this acquisition", "oAKTIV7EluM-01367-00332909-00333115": "process was enabled to materiel command", "oAKTIV7EluM-01368-00333116-00333397": "as well as SOCOM yeah so Hondo PEO", "oAKTIV7EluM-01369-00333398-00333595": "fixed-wing at the time I get a lot of", "oAKTIV7EluM-01370-00333596-00333817": "acquisition stuff try not to bore you", "oAKTIV7EluM-01371-00333818-00334132": "but he moved mountains for this", "oAKTIV7EluM-01372-00334133-00334543": "particular activity he charged hard he", "oAKTIV7EluM-01373-00334544-00334822": "briefed Congress initially and then hey", "oAKTIV7EluM-01374-00334823-00335050": "guess what the airplane was actually", "oAKTIV7EluM-01375-00335051-00335260": "making a difference and we started off", "oAKTIV7EluM-01376-00335261-00335497": "with six and they wanted to buy 12 more", "oAKTIV7EluM-01377-00335498-00335617": "so he had to go back and ask for more", "oAKTIV7EluM-01378-00335618-00335701": "money", "oAKTIV7EluM-01379-00335702-00336072": "we the CDD was working churning out", "oAKTIV7EluM-01380-00336073-00336437": "better equipment better refine TTP's and", "oAKTIV7EluM-01381-00336438-00336697": "that all required money so he went he", "oAKTIV7EluM-01382-00336698-00336914": "went to bat for that right off you know", "oAKTIV7EluM-01383-00336915-00337262": "as soon as we hit we hit go so it's", "oAKTIV7EluM-01384-00337263-00337423": "unusual that a squadron commander has a", "oAKTIV7EluM-01385-00337424-00337800": "direct cell phone line to PEO fixed-wing", "oAKTIV7EluM-01386-00337801-00338074": "but again in this situation that's what", "oAKTIV7EluM-01387-00338075-00338440": "made it work so I mean just a simple", "oAKTIV7EluM-01388-00338441-00338632": "thing as I use the example of the glass", "oAKTIV7EluM-01389-00338633-00338977": "cockpit there was not a whole lot of", "oAKTIV7EluM-01390-00338978-00339223": "support for improving the airplane and", "oAKTIV7EluM-01391-00339224-00339421": "sinking money into it because it was", "oAKTIV7EluM-01392-00339422-00339550": "just gonna be around for two years so", "oAKTIV7EluM-01393-00339551-00339730": "why would we get it out the door let's", "oAKTIV7EluM-01394-00339731-00339916": "fly the wings off of it and then we're", "oAKTIV7EluM-01395-00339917-00340279": "done but we took the airplane down to", "oAKTIV7EluM-01396-00340280-00340404": "SOCOM", "oAKTIV7EluM-01397-00340405-00340627": "what Honda thought was going to be kind", "oAKTIV7EluM-01398-00340628-00340861": "of a static display", "oAKTIV7EluM-01399-00340862-00341065": "- for his staff guys say look you know", "oAKTIV7EluM-01400-00341066-00341242": "look what you guys helped field and we", "oAKTIV7EluM-01401-00341243-00341512": "did some of that for a while and then we", "oAKTIV7EluM-01402-00341513-00341689": "tapped in those shows hey you know get", "oAKTIV7EluM-01403-00341690-00341830": "in I'm getting getting the right seat", "oAKTIV7EluM-01404-00341831-00342007": "alright see ya I get there I see Trent", "oAKTIV7EluM-01405-00342008-00342367": "take a ride so we took off went over", "oAKTIV7EluM-01406-00342368-00342721": "Tampa and we ran a scripted scenario to", "oAKTIV7EluM-01407-00342722-00342895": "emulate what it is the airplane does", "oAKTIV7EluM-01408-00342896-00343207": "overseas and we put him in the put him", "oAKTIV7EluM-01409-00343208-00343363": "on the right seat put the laptop in his", "oAKTIV7EluM-01410-00343364-00343546": "lap put the hand controller for the", "oAKTIV7EluM-01411-00343547-00343752": "sensor in his lab put the headphones on", "oAKTIV7EluM-01412-00343753-00343960": "gave him the helmet fire with all their", "oAKTIV7EluM-01413-00343961-00344191": "all the radios going off and he said", "oAKTIV7EluM-01414-00344192-00344482": "holy crap you guys do this every mission", "oAKTIV7EluM-01415-00344483-00344659": "is it yeah we do it every mission and", "oAKTIV7EluM-01416-00344660-00344953": "and we need to be doing it better so how", "oAKTIV7EluM-01417-00344954-00345127": "do we fix it well we land and we show me", "oAKTIV7EluM-01418-00345128-00345274": "and you know exactly what the CDD guys", "oAKTIV7EluM-01419-00345275-00345547": "had lined out hey this is how we get", "oAKTIV7EluM-01420-00345548-00345865": "from this you know block zero to a block", "oAKTIV7EluM-01421-00345866-00346468": "ten you know overnight and he went to", "oAKTIV7EluM-01422-00346469-00346825": "bat for it so now we're getting an idea", "oAKTIV7EluM-01423-00346826-00347047": "of how the operations occurred can you", "oAKTIV7EluM-01424-00347048-00347221": "talk a little bit about resiliency piece", "oAKTIV7EluM-01425-00347222-00347362": "with you're dealing with people going", "oAKTIV7EluM-01426-00347363-00347581": "more than half the year and you always", "oAKTIV7EluM-01427-00347582-00347803": "had the families at home and a little", "oAKTIV7EluM-01428-00347804-00347962": "bit of explain how you handle that as a", "oAKTIV7EluM-01429-00347963-00348133": "commander yeah that was that was a", "oAKTIV7EluM-01430-00348134-00348373": "challenge and quite frankly Lorien and", "oAKTIV7EluM-01431-00348374-00348787": "and Beth you know Jay Haynes's you know", "oAKTIV7EluM-01432-00348788-00348916": "as my do", "oAKTIV7EluM-01433-00348917-00349165": "Beth his wife they bore the brunt of", "oAKTIV7EluM-01434-00349166-00349207": "that", "oAKTIV7EluM-01435-00349208-00349530": "on the spouses side of the house and", "oAKTIV7EluM-01436-00349531-00349828": "again we have a small unit you can you", "oAKTIV7EluM-01437-00349829-00350029": "can have a very one direct interaction", "oAKTIV7EluM-01438-00350030-00350242": "and you can take care of folks as it", "oAKTIV7EluM-01439-00350243-00350404": "grows your align your flight squad if", "oAKTIV7EluM-01440-00350405-00350617": "you're a flight structure and this is", "oAKTIV7EluM-01441-00350618-00350832": "nothing new to anybody here in this room", "oAKTIV7EluM-01442-00350833-00351208": "but we really wanted to be doing it", "oAKTIV7EluM-01443-00351209-00351459": "better not differently just better", "oAKTIV7EluM-01444-00351460-00351751": "because of the of the ops tempo this is", "oAKTIV7EluM-01445-00351752-00351937": "before you know preservation force a", "oAKTIV7EluM-01446-00351938-00352114": "family and getting Sykes into the", "oAKTIV7EluM-01447-00352115-00352339": "squadrons and chaplains you know more of", "oAKTIV7EluM-01448-00352340-00352558": "them and assigned so we actively went", "oAKTIV7EluM-01449-00352559-00352816": "out and and sought that and put those in", "oAKTIV7EluM-01450-00352817-00353239": "place we had a psychologist come to the", "oAKTIV7EluM-01451-00353240-00353503": "unit and give a talk I mean but the", "oAKTIV7EluM-01452-00353504-00353704": "effort before the unit went out on the", "oAKTIV7EluM-01453-00353705-00353938": "first deployment we had a we had a", "oAKTIV7EluM-01454-00353939-00354033": "sit-down talk", "oAKTIV7EluM-01455-00354034-00354276": "communication okay what is it what does", "oAKTIV7EluM-01456-00354277-00354453": "it mean to be an ass sock what does it", "oAKTIV7EluM-01457-00354454-00354696": "mean to be no contact for you know 30 60", "oAKTIV7EluM-01458-00354697-00354990": "90 days how does a family deal with that", "oAKTIV7EluM-01459-00354991-00355240": "and what are the tools to be able to", "oAKTIV7EluM-01460-00355241-00355455": "kind of get through that piece and it", "oAKTIV7EluM-01461-00355456-00355792": "was a really interesting engagement that", "oAKTIV7EluM-01462-00355793-00356133": "I learned a lot from because it wasn't", "oAKTIV7EluM-01463-00356134-00356271": "just hey you're not gonna be able to", "oAKTIV7EluM-01464-00356272-00356389": "talk you're not gonna be able to here's", "oAKTIV7EluM-01465-00356390-00356518": "the things you can or can't say it was", "oAKTIV7EluM-01466-00356519-00356904": "hey as somebody as the family member at", "oAKTIV7EluM-01467-00356905-00357228": "home when I'm when I hear your voice on", "oAKTIV7EluM-01468-00357229-00357346": "the other in the phone this is what I'm", "oAKTIV7EluM-01469-00357347-00357510": "thinking this is what's important to me", "oAKTIV7EluM-01470-00357511-00357766": "and then flip that on its ear okay well", "oAKTIV7EluM-01471-00357767-00358018": "you know I'm the deployed individual you", "oAKTIV7EluM-01472-00358019-00358374": "know maybe I don't you know I don't want", "oAKTIV7EluM-01473-00358375-00358725": "to hear the following list I don't want", "oAKTIV7EluM-01474-00358726-00358864": "to hear that the car broke in the", "oAKTIV7EluM-01475-00358865-00359010": "washing machine doesn't work and you", "oAKTIV7EluM-01476-00359011-00359130": "know my kid just got kicked out of", "oAKTIV7EluM-01477-00359131-00359280": "school I don't want to hear that up", "oAKTIV7EluM-01478-00359281-00359328": "front", "oAKTIV7EluM-01479-00359329-00359665": "so it was a really really good", "oAKTIV7EluM-01480-00359666-00359925": "engagement on how to try to deal with", "oAKTIV7EluM-01481-00359926-00360227": "that piece and again it was hands-on so", "oAKTIV7EluM-01482-00360228-00360562": "we tried to do that at the at the unit", "oAKTIV7EluM-01483-00360563-00360742": "level and then as a squadron has", "oAKTIV7EluM-01484-00360743-00361083": "continued to grow and we went from one", "oAKTIV7EluM-01485-00361084-00361353": "to now three squadrons my understanding", "oAKTIV7EluM-01486-00361354-00361516": "talking with folks is that those", "oAKTIV7EluM-01487-00361517-00361755": "elements still exist and are still kind", "oAKTIV7EluM-01488-00361756-00361974": "of a you know solidified in the", "oAKTIV7EluM-01489-00361975-00362269": "community something's just as simple as", "oAKTIV7EluM-01490-00362270-00362499": "hey you're not going to fly at this", "oAKTIV7EluM-01491-00362500-00362706": "airplane or deploy until you fill out", "oAKTIV7EluM-01492-00362707-00362938": "this following you know series of", "oAKTIV7EluM-01493-00362939-00363166": "paperwork well what is it well I can't", "oAKTIV7EluM-01494-00363167-00363354": "tell you that you have to fill it out", "oAKTIV7EluM-01495-00363355-00363501": "but I'm gonna give everything to you", "oAKTIV7EluM-01496-00363502-00363664": "you're gonna give me back a sealed", "oAKTIV7EluM-01497-00363665-00363841": "envelope and it's going to go and the", "oAKTIV7EluM-01498-00363842-00364125": "first shirts file cabinet locked up and", "oAKTIV7EluM-01499-00364126-00364414": "I'm not piece of paper is where are all", "oAKTIV7EluM-01500-00364415-00364680": "the bank accounts you know what are all", "oAKTIV7EluM-01501-00364681-00364878": "the bills that I need to be worried", "oAKTIV7EluM-01502-00364879-00365271": "about if the worst happens what am i", "oAKTIV7EluM-01503-00365272-00365628": "funeral preferences who do I want to", "oAKTIV7EluM-01504-00365629-00365887": "have you know come to this come to the", "oAKTIV7EluM-01505-00365888-00366088": "house are the people I don't want to", "oAKTIV7EluM-01506-00366089-00366313": "have come to the house you know all of", "oAKTIV7EluM-01507-00366314-00366600": "those things we wanted to address up", "oAKTIV7EluM-01508-00366601-00366737": "front", "oAKTIV7EluM-01509-00366738-00366896": "to put you know the elephant in the room", "oAKTIV7EluM-01510-00366897-00367109": "address it make sure everybody had that", "oAKTIV7EluM-01511-00367110-00367415": "conversation and then again you know you", "oAKTIV7EluM-01512-00367416-00367631": "know god forbid that you know something", "oAKTIV7EluM-01513-00367632-00367826": "were to happen we could go we could pull", "oAKTIV7EluM-01514-00367827-00368006": "that off the shelf and we had a good", "oAKTIV7EluM-01515-00368007-00368246": "start point because it's Jay and I", "oAKTIV7EluM-01516-00368247-00368594": "talked about it in that instance as a", "oAKTIV7EluM-01517-00368595-00368834": "commander you only get one chance to get", "oAKTIV7EluM-01518-00368835-00369293": "it right sir before we open it up to", "oAKTIV7EluM-01519-00369294-00369491": "some questions it was kind of a final", "oAKTIV7EluM-01520-00369492-00369638": "question a lot of folks here in this", "oAKTIV7EluM-01521-00369639-00369803": "room we're gonna go take command you're", "oAKTIV7EluM-01522-00369804-00370004": "straight out of a CSC just wanted to", "oAKTIV7EluM-01523-00370005-00370121": "give you an opportunity to maybe give", "oAKTIV7EluM-01524-00370122-00370346": "them some baby advice you you heard or", "oAKTIV7EluM-01525-00370347-00370445": "maybe wish you would have heard before", "oAKTIV7EluM-01526-00370446-00370595": "going to command you just talked about", "oAKTIV7EluM-01527-00370596-00370877": "building a lot of culture and how do you", "oAKTIV7EluM-01528-00370878-00371063": "do that for these new commanders yeah I", "oAKTIV7EluM-01529-00371064-00371356": "mean yeah the commander owns the culture", "oAKTIV7EluM-01530-00371357-00371654": "there's there's no way around that and", "oAKTIV7EluM-01531-00371655-00371918": "most units emulate the personality and", "oAKTIV7EluM-01532-00371919-00372326": "the attitude of the commander in that", "oAKTIV7EluM-01533-00372327-00372503": "you just have to accept and deal with", "oAKTIV7EluM-01534-00372504-00372899": "that that being said you know I one of", "oAKTIV7EluM-01535-00372900-00373139": "the things that was told to me as I was", "oAKTIV7EluM-01536-00373140-00373417": "coming up into the squadron command was", "oAKTIV7EluM-01537-00373418-00373640": "you know that's all true but don't", "oAKTIV7EluM-01538-00373641-00373814": "change who you are", "oAKTIV7EluM-01539-00373815-00374054": "as soon as you get into command you are", "oAKTIV7EluM-01540-00374055-00374219": "hired and put into that job you were", "oAKTIV7EluM-01541-00374220-00374552": "selected to do that have that Duty based", "oAKTIV7EluM-01542-00374553-00374696": "on who you are so there's no need to", "oAKTIV7EluM-01543-00374697-00374915": "have some metamorphose you know change", "oAKTIV7EluM-01544-00374916-00375071": "into somebody you know I'm automatically", "oAKTIV7EluM-01545-00375072-00375194": "a command I need to be acting the fund", "oAKTIV7EluM-01546-00375195-00375365": "yeah you should be acting that way", "oAKTIV7EluM-01547-00375366-00375539": "you know to start with you know to get", "oAKTIV7EluM-01548-00375540-00375731": "in there so your troops your airmen are", "oAKTIV7EluM-01549-00375732-00376067": "looking at you to continue to lead and", "oAKTIV7EluM-01550-00376068-00376304": "and to and to be that individual but", "oAKTIV7EluM-01551-00376305-00376885": "again you own you own the the culture so", "oAKTIV7EluM-01552-00376886-00377507": "you've got to manage that actively so I", "oAKTIV7EluM-01553-00377508-00377692": "mean I wouldn't I wouldn't micromanage", "oAKTIV7EluM-01554-00377693-00378119": "and your comment of eyes on hands-off", "oAKTIV7EluM-01555-00378120-00378404": "from general McChrystal you know you've", "oAKTIV7EluM-01556-00378405-00378662": "got a leverage that just are you ready", "oAKTIV7EluM-01557-00378663-00378800": "for some questions absolutely anything", "oAKTIV7EluM-01558-00378801-00379085": "so if anybody wants to go over to the", "oAKTIV7EluM-01559-00379086-00379274": "sidewall if any wants to stand up right", "oAKTIV7EluM-01560-00379275-00379385": "here in the front row we can work that", "oAKTIV7EluM-01561-00379386-00379559": "too but give us 10-15 minutes of", "oAKTIV7EluM-01562-00379560-00379798": "questions if able it's time to wake up", "oAKTIV7EluM-01563-00379799-00380006": "so he does know a few people in the", "oAKTIV7EluM-01564-00380007-00380130": "crowd say might call somebody", "oAKTIV7EluM-01565-00380131-00380681": "if we don't get one right away here", "oAKTIV7EluM-01566-00380682-00380949": "trick you know you know Travis cheats on", "oAKTIV7EluM-01567-00380950-00381309": "Travis indeed we've crossed paths twice", "oAKTIV7EluM-01568-00381310-00381935": "in life", "oAKTIV7EluM-01569-00381936-00382247": "sir can you know they're in this works", "oAKTIV7EluM-01570-00382248-00382599": "you were my first commander myself Bal", "oAKTIV7EluM-01571-00382600-00382770": "Ferrer and John Bannon been and were the", "oAKTIV7EluM-01572-00382771-00383145": "first you PT graduates understand there", "oAKTIV7EluM-01573-00383146-00383352": "were some a1 discussions they went on", "oAKTIV7EluM-01574-00383353-00383511": "when Val showed up and then probably a", "oAKTIV7EluM-01575-00383512-00383874": "lot of critical thinking and evaluation", "oAKTIV7EluM-01576-00383875-00384093": "about how these new folks would you know", "oAKTIV7EluM-01577-00384094-00384306": "filter into a new squadron each of us", "oAKTIV7EluM-01578-00384307-00384543": "were late 50s and the Slayer numbers so", "oAKTIV7EluM-01579-00384544-00384711": "you know we were right behind that first", "oAKTIV7EluM-01580-00384712-00384986": "30 and you guys were still running hard", "oAKTIV7EluM-01581-00384987-00385347": "looking forward to how all all of us are", "oAKTIV7EluM-01582-00385348-00385557": "going to move forward as commanders and", "oAKTIV7EluM-01583-00385558-00385797": "staff officers seeing those young people", "oAKTIV7EluM-01584-00385798-00386058": "come in to jobs that you may think will", "oAKTIV7EluM-01585-00386059-00386241": "be overwhelming to them what advice", "oAKTIV7EluM-01586-00386242-00386445": "looking back on the instance would you", "oAKTIV7EluM-01587-00386446-00386853": "would you give them well first off don't", "oAKTIV7EluM-01588-00386854-00387177": "sell them short and I think there was a", "oAKTIV7EluM-01589-00387178-00387366": "perception that I did a lot of that up", "oAKTIV7EluM-01590-00387367-00387708": "front and and subconsciously I think I", "oAKTIV7EluM-01591-00387709-00388251": "did but in reality as I said earlier we", "oAKTIV7EluM-01592-00388252-00388485": "had we hit the ground hard we hit the", "oAKTIV7EluM-01593-00388486-00388593": "ground running and we had a very short", "oAKTIV7EluM-01594-00388594-00388914": "timeline so we relied on the experience", "oAKTIV7EluM-01595-00388915-00389228": "of the aviators to come in at the", "oAKTIV7EluM-01596-00389229-00389487": "graduate level and then to you know to", "oAKTIV7EluM-01597-00389488-00389700": "do that mission to for the ground force", "oAKTIV7EluM-01598-00389701-00389976": "having yourself and and and Val and and", "oAKTIV7EluM-01599-00389977-00390279": "the others come in it was just kind of", "oAKTIV7EluM-01600-00390280-00390555": "you know caused us to calibrate that", "oAKTIV7EluM-01601-00390556-00390756": "thinking a little bit differently we had", "oAKTIV7EluM-01602-00390757-00391002": "to really look hard okay what what's the", "oAKTIV7EluM-01603-00391003-00391182": "gap in the tool set that the guys that", "oAKTIV7EluM-01604-00391183-00391377": "we originally came in the squadron with", "oAKTIV7EluM-01605-00391378-00391590": "what's that gap and how do we best fill", "oAKTIV7EluM-01606-00391591-00391926": "it for the younger less-experienced", "oAKTIV7EluM-01607-00391927-00392334": "folks and I think the bulk of that you", "oAKTIV7EluM-01608-00392335-00392595": "know was was airmanship to a certain", "oAKTIV7EluM-01609-00392596-00392886": "extent and it was the mission I think", "oAKTIV7EluM-01610-00392887-00393273": "once you guys got you know air under the", "oAKTIV7EluM-01611-00393274-00393615": "wings in that platform and and really", "oAKTIV7EluM-01612-00393616-00393804": "connected with the ground force and the", "oAKTIV7EluM-01613-00393805-00393960": "mission the rest of it just kind of", "oAKTIV7EluM-01614-00393961-00394227": "clicked the technology side you know all", "oAKTIV7EluM-01615-00394228-00394431": "that stuff you guys took too much much", "oAKTIV7EluM-01616-00394432-00394785": "quicker than then I did or envisioned so", "oAKTIV7EluM-01617-00394786-00394930": "a so you", "oAKTIV7EluM-01618-00394931-00395071": "word to everybody out here is don't", "oAKTIV7EluM-01619-00395072-00395296": "don't sell folks short you know their", "oAKTIV7EluM-01620-00395297-00395548": "capabilities are go well past which you", "oAKTIV7EluM-01621-00395549-00395839": "which you offer them again just give", "oAKTIV7EluM-01622-00395840-00396121": "them the tools to succeed and and", "oAKTIV7EluM-01623-00396122-00396310": "they'll surprise you and you guys did so", "oAKTIV7EluM-01624-00396311-00396796": "thanks hey sir thanks for coming", "oAKTIV7EluM-01625-00396797-00397122": "Jerry gave like 30 the you 28 is a", "oAKTIV7EluM-01626-00397123-00397507": "phenomenal ice are and targeting tool as", "oAKTIV7EluM-01627-00397508-00397765": "you well know most tools are only as", "oAKTIV7EluM-01628-00397766-00397912": "good as the crews that are employing the", "oAKTIV7EluM-01629-00397913-00398155": "tool can you talk through how you", "oAKTIV7EluM-01630-00398156-00398557": "prioritize the specific layout of", "oAKTIV7EluM-01631-00398558-00398893": "sensors and weapons was weaponizing it", "oAKTIV7EluM-01632-00398894-00399151": "at the front of your priority list or", "oAKTIV7EluM-01633-00399152-00399433": "did you put out a platform and then come", "oAKTIV7EluM-01634-00399434-00399556": "back to some of these things especially", "oAKTIV7EluM-01635-00399557-00399859": "like dual sensor multi aunt and", "oAKTIV7EluM-01636-00399860-00400053": "weaponization", "oAKTIV7EluM-01637-00400054-00400516": "well they answer well the short answer", "oAKTIV7EluM-01638-00400517-00400759": "is we had to get the the threshold out", "oAKTIV7EluM-01639-00400760-00401338": "the door even Travis and bound folks", "oAKTIV7EluM-01640-00401339-00401554": "that went forward on their their initial", "oAKTIV7EluM-01641-00401555-00401695": "field trip as we'll call it you know", "oAKTIV7EluM-01642-00401696-00402124": "forward in tip a lot and flying in that", "oAKTIV7EluM-01643-00402125-00402349": "environment watching the other platforms", "oAKTIV7EluM-01644-00402350-00402465": "and the ground", "oAKTIV7EluM-01645-00402466-00402766": "you know schema maneuver pan out very", "oAKTIV7EluM-01646-00402767-00402919": "quickly we realized that you know one", "oAKTIV7EluM-01647-00402920-00403147": "sensor was not going to be enough and", "oAKTIV7EluM-01648-00403148-00403420": "the the your job of rack and stacking", "oAKTIV7EluM-01649-00403421-00403702": "the you know the sensors and being the", "oAKTIV7EluM-01650-00403703-00403996": "the warden over over target was", "oAKTIV7EluM-01651-00403997-00404188": "significant so as much of that as you", "oAKTIV7EluM-01652-00404189-00404560": "can do organically the better so there's", "oAKTIV7EluM-01653-00404561-00404887": "absolutely the the the intent to mature", "oAKTIV7EluM-01654-00404888-00405280": "the airplane now is when the airplane", "oAKTIV7EluM-01655-00405281-00405517": "got this it was expected to fly seven", "oAKTIV7EluM-01656-00405518-00405748": "hours well it did five four and a half", "oAKTIV7EluM-01657-00405749-00405919": "depending on who was on the bar for if", "oAKTIV7EluM-01658-00405920-00406093": "you had two really big guys so the", "oAKTIV7EluM-01659-00406094-00406279": "difference between my lightest crew my", "oAKTIV7EluM-01660-00406280-00406467": "heaviest crew was an hour's with a gas", "oAKTIV7EluM-01661-00406468-00406795": "so as you know you've got you've got you", "oAKTIV7EluM-01662-00406796-00407032": "know a whole crewing you know set of", "oAKTIV7EluM-01663-00407033-00407290": "gymnastics to do to maximize that it's", "oAKTIV7EluM-01664-00407291-00407455": "just the reality of supplying a small", "oAKTIV7EluM-01665-00407456-00407722": "airplane your burn at 300 pounds an hour", "oAKTIV7EluM-01666-00407723-00407938": "well what's what's what's a big guy with", "oAKTIV7EluM-01667-00407939-00408084": "all this kit freaking three", "oAKTIV7EluM-01668-00408085-00408712": "pounds so so the the concept that we'd", "oAKTIV7EluM-01669-00408713-00408852": "ever be able to fit a second sense", "oAKTIV7EluM-01670-00408853-00409066": "around there was just completely alien", "oAKTIV7EluM-01671-00409067-00409473": "to us but then as the contractors and as", "oAKTIV7EluM-01672-00409474-00409707": "big Safari and those guys start nibbling", "oAKTIV7EluM-01673-00409708-00410032": "at it and getting you know back to", "oAKTIV7EluM-01674-00410033-00410187": "pilatus and understanding what the", "oAKTIV7EluM-01675-00410188-00410368": "airplane could and couldn't do", "oAKTIV7EluM-01676-00410368-00410551": "we've got waivers that airplane that you", "oAKTIV7EluM-01677-00410552-00410818": "know that that OEM never would have", "oAKTIV7EluM-01678-00410818-00411028": "envisioned and it's all done on the", "oAKTIV7EluM-01679-00411029-00411360": "military side so so that's how we got", "oAKTIV7EluM-01680-00411361-00411495": "through a lot of those things so yeah", "oAKTIV7EluM-01681-00411496-00411784": "the second sensor was was it was a huge", "oAKTIV7EluM-01682-00411785-00412095": "piece and the ability to datalink and do", "oAKTIV7EluM-01683-00412096-00412293": "everything digitally was the next big", "oAKTIV7EluM-01684-00412294-00412641": "hurdle that we knew was coming and that", "oAKTIV7EluM-01685-00412642-00412912": "we empowered the CDD guys to fix and", "oAKTIV7EluM-01686-00412913-00413116": "figure out so you know the idea hadn't", "oAKTIV7EluM-01687-00413117-00413295": "link-16 saddled everything else on the", "oAKTIV7EluM-01688-00413296-00413572": "on the radio on the airplane was was not", "oAKTIV7EluM-01689-00413572-00413932": "even considered but when we had one of", "oAKTIV7EluM-01690-00413933-00414282": "the CDD guys sitting in the talk at the", "oAKTIV7EluM-01691-00414283-00414622": "fob there in the Green Zone and and and", "oAKTIV7EluM-01692-00414622-00415020": "Iraq and saw a stinking saddo radio on", "oAKTIV7EluM-01693-00415021-00415249": "the fires desk and realized what they", "oAKTIV7EluM-01694-00415250-00415378": "were pulling in off of that what they", "oAKTIV7EluM-01695-00415379-00415614": "could do like okay it's time it's time", "oAKTIV7EluM-01696-00415615-00415866": "to mature and there's no reason why", "oAKTIV7EluM-01697-00415867-00416101": "although we're not active on a link that", "oAKTIV7EluM-01698-00416102-00416772": "we can't be pushing all this data over", "oAKTIV7EluM-01699-00416773-00417126": "to you Jerry", "oAKTIV7EluM-01700-00417127-00417300": "good morning appreciate you coming to", "oAKTIV7EluM-01701-00417301-00417489": "share your wisdom with us Matt VOC", "oAKTIV7EluM-01702-00417490-00417774": "flight 17 we've had a lot of joint", "oAKTIV7EluM-01703-00417775-00417970": "leaders senior leaders come and talk to", "oAKTIV7EluM-01704-00417971-00418143": "us about how important it is to be bold", "oAKTIV7EluM-01705-00418144-00418387": "decision makers make bold decisions and", "oAKTIV7EluM-01706-00418388-00418752": "then a lot of frustration occurs when we", "oAKTIV7EluM-01707-00418753-00418983": "see the exact opposite being reinforced", "oAKTIV7EluM-01708-00418984-00419314": "in actual overworld as somebody that's", "oAKTIV7EluM-01709-00419314-00419514": "been you know air quotes fired multiple", "oAKTIV7EluM-01710-00419515-00419802": "times and also promoted for being that", "oAKTIV7EluM-01711-00419803-00420220": "bold decision maker and leader how when", "oAKTIV7EluM-01712-00420221-00420520": "where do you actually do that in", "oAKTIV7EluM-01713-00420521-00420775": "practice in the real world versus just", "oAKTIV7EluM-01714-00420776-00420966": "talking a big game and then doing", "oAKTIV7EluM-01715-00420967-00421146": "something different yeah I mean that's", "oAKTIV7EluM-01716-00421147-00421458": "an interesting point because yeah I mean", "oAKTIV7EluM-01717-00421459-00421656": "fired and hired a couple different times", "oAKTIV7EluM-01718-00421657-00421833": "I know Thomas le was fired and hired a", "oAKTIV7EluM-01719-00421834-00422029": "couple different times but the reality", "oAKTIV7EluM-01720-00422030-00422508": "is you need to be bold you need to", "oAKTIV7EluM-01721-00422509-00422679": "execute the mission and your folks look", "oAKTIV7EluM-01722-00422680-00422941": "up to you to do that but you can't do it", "oAKTIV7EluM-01723-00422942-00423231": "blindly and I didn't do it blindly", "oAKTIV7EluM-01724-00423232-00423433": "although it may sound in this", "oAKTIV7EluM-01725-00423434-00423825": "conversation there has to be a regular", "oAKTIV7EluM-01726-00423826-00424071": "and honest conversation with your boss", "oAKTIV7EluM-01727-00424072-00424300": "and your boss's boss you've got to keep", "oAKTIV7EluM-01728-00424301-00424614": "them informed to the level that you can", "oAKTIV7EluM-01729-00424615-00424981": "and keep the momentum moving forward you", "oAKTIV7EluM-01730-00424982-00425256": "know because at the end of the day as", "oAKTIV7EluM-01731-00425257-00425510": "commander you know there is the mission", "oAKTIV7EluM-01732-00425511-00425758": "but that's just you know hey as they", "oAKTIV7EluM-01733-00425759-00425952": "also what's your job your job is for is", "oAKTIV7EluM-01734-00425953-00426112": "to execute ops and to make sure the", "oAKTIV7EluM-01735-00426113-00426312": "commander you know was able to do his", "oAKTIV7EluM-01736-00426313-00426654": "and make him successful so that", "oAKTIV7EluM-01737-00426655-00427150": "communication upward has to happen and I", "oAKTIV7EluM-01738-00427151-00427260": "didn't take that for granted", "oAKTIV7EluM-01739-00427261-00427395": "I didn't have always have the", "oAKTIV7EluM-01740-00427396-00427602": "opportunity to do it and you know my ops", "oAKTIV7EluM-01741-00427603-00427729": "coop commander reminded me a couple", "oAKTIV7EluM-01742-00427730-00427935": "different times hey darts you're there a", "oAKTIV7EluM-01743-00427936-00428191": "squadron commander I need you at the", "oAKTIV7EluM-01744-00428192-00428358": "squadron you know commanding the", "oAKTIV7EluM-01745-00428359-00428610": "squadron and because we started the 60", "oAKTIV7EluM-01746-00428611-00428881": "on 60 off and he saw me for maybe you", "oAKTIV7EluM-01747-00428882-00429087": "know three weeks or so before I headed", "oAKTIV7EluM-01748-00429088-00429283": "out the door again but again it goes", "oAKTIV7EluM-01749-00429284-00429423": "back to that flat and transparent", "oAKTIV7EluM-01750-00429424-00429568": "mindset that you can execute", "oAKTIV7EluM-01751-00429568-00429771": "distributive lis but you've got to keep", "oAKTIV7EluM-01752-00429772-00430033": "your boss and your boss's boss informs", "oAKTIV7EluM-01753-00430034-00430418": "general Colonel bras neck at the wing", "oAKTIV7EluM-01754-00430418-00430724": "level you know he we would have very", "oAKTIV7EluM-01755-00430725-00430979": "frank and honest discussions and again", "oAKTIV7EluM-01756-00430980-00431201": "that that graphic that that would not", "oAKTIV7EluM-01757-00431202-00431491": "have happened unless you had folks that", "oAKTIV7EluM-01758-00431492-00431789": "supported you at that level as well it's", "oAKTIV7EluM-01759-00431789-00431918": "when they don't is when you haven't had", "oAKTIV7EluM-01760-00431918-00432235": "the real problems so it wasn't asking", "oAKTIV7EluM-01761-00432236-00432389": "permission a lot it was but it was", "oAKTIV7EluM-01762-00432389-00433016": "informing and and they were smart enough", "oAKTIV7EluM-01763-00433017-00433352": "to realize you know how much rope and", "oAKTIV7EluM-01764-00433353-00433691": "leash to let out and let us go and if", "oAKTIV7EluM-01765-00433692-00433850": "you're successful you know they're good", "oAKTIV7EluM-01766-00433851-00434081": "I mean it's it's funny because this the", "oAKTIV7EluM-01767-00434082-00434477": "whole you 28 story if you will you know", "oAKTIV7EluM-01768-00434478-00434710": "success has many fathers and failure is", "oAKTIV7EluM-01769-00434711-00434789": "an orphan", "oAKTIV7EluM-01770-00434789-00434987": "if this thing has failed we would be", "oAKTIV7EluM-01771-00434988-00435101": "sitting here talking about any of this", "oAKTIV7EluM-01772-00435102-00435433": "right right now and nobody would have", "oAKTIV7EluM-01773-00435434-00435643": "you know taking credit for any or said", "oAKTIV7EluM-01774-00435644-00436045": "that they even touched it but they keep", "oAKTIV7EluM-01775-00436046-00436189": "them a form making sure you've got a", "oAKTIV7EluM-01776-00436190-00436460": "good smart plan and as long as you", "oAKTIV7EluM-01777-00436460-00436910": "continue to be successful and they'll", "oAKTIV7EluM-01778-00436910-00437399": "let you run time for one more question", "oAKTIV7EluM-01779-00437400-00437695": "Circuit pres and for myself and many of", "oAKTIV7EluM-01780-00437696-00437852": "the other cadets here this is you know", "oAKTIV7EluM-01781-00437853-00437993": "the first time we're leading large", "oAKTIV7EluM-01782-00437993-00438200": "organizations and you you talk briefly", "oAKTIV7EluM-01783-00438201-00438397": "about having a flat transparent", "oAKTIV7EluM-01784-00438398-00438551": "organization so I was wondering if you", "oAKTIV7EluM-01785-00438552-00438760": "can elaborate on the challenges of", "oAKTIV7EluM-01786-00438761-00438950": "creating that environment and maybe some", "oAKTIV7EluM-01787-00438951-00439112": "of the pros and cons of that environment", "oAKTIV7EluM-01788-00439113-00439325": "compared to other organizational", "oAKTIV7EluM-01789-00439326-00439639": "structures well again we talked a lot", "oAKTIV7EluM-01790-00439640-00439822": "about you know crews and airplanes and", "oAKTIV7EluM-01791-00439823-00440087": "that kind of stuff but this conversation", "oAKTIV7EluM-01792-00440088-00440402": "goes through every AFSC every specialty", "oAKTIV7EluM-01793-00440403-00440618": "in the in the unit in the squadron and", "oAKTIV7EluM-01794-00440618-00440885": "it they all have a role you know our", "oAKTIV7EluM-01795-00440885-00441106": "Intel officers and personnel for", "oAKTIV7EluM-01796-00441107-00441278": "instance they weren't in the squadron", "oAKTIV7EluM-01797-00441279-00441470": "they were attached to us from you know", "oAKTIV7EluM-01798-00441471-00441833": "from from the Intel group but they were", "oAKTIV7EluM-01799-00441834-00442012": "forced to operate at a much much", "oAKTIV7EluM-01800-00442013-00442166": "different pace and much different level", "oAKTIV7EluM-01801-00442167-00442424": "than they had in the past so how do we", "oAKTIV7EluM-01802-00442425-00442660": "bring those folks on board how did we", "oAKTIV7EluM-01803-00442661-00442820": "you know get the basic support", "oAKTIV7EluM-01804-00442821-00443012": "structures in place I mean shoot that", "oAKTIV7EluM-01805-00443013-00443177": "picture you saw of me", "oAKTIV7EluM-01806-00443178-00443462": "assuming command at the flag we had a CD", "oAKTIV7EluM-01807-00443463-00443627": "Dunham we had to rent him we had no", "oAKTIV7EluM-01808-00443628-00443764": "enlisted in the squadron where he first", "oAKTIV7EluM-01809-00443765-00443950": "stood up you know we're a bunch of like", "oAKTIV7EluM-01810-00443951-00444127": "18 officers trying to figure everything", "oAKTIV7EluM-01811-00444128-00444539": "out so but we brought all those folks in", "oAKTIV7EluM-01812-00444539-00444937": "and you know the flat that's that's", "oAKTIV7EluM-01813-00444938-00445354": "communication and that's you can do that", "oAKTIV7EluM-01814-00445355-00445600": "distributive lis in many different ways", "oAKTIV7EluM-01815-00445601-00445966": "you know Sophos the command of ETCs and", "oAKTIV7EluM-01816-00445967-00446279": "we executed those regularly that was the", "oAKTIV7EluM-01817-00446280-00446425": "only way that we can tie all of our", "oAKTIV7EluM-01818-00446426-00446758": "distributed nodes together so a Sohus", "oAKTIV7EluM-01819-00446759-00446989": "level vtc is absolutely required on a", "oAKTIV7EluM-01820-00446990-00447247": "regular basis and at the end it can't be", "oAKTIV7EluM-01821-00447248-00447416": "a long drawn-out event it's got to be", "oAKTIV7EluM-01822-00447417-00447745": "quick to the point and then the", "oAKTIV7EluM-01823-00447746-00448098": "transparent side of the house is", "oAKTIV7EluM-01824-00448099-00448321": "absolutely understanding and knowing", "oAKTIV7EluM-01825-00448322-00448546": "what everybody is doing in their", "oAKTIV7EluM-01826-00448547-00448795": "individual lanes and putting those", "oAKTIV7EluM-01827-00448796-00449206": "pieces together you know I'm not sure", "oAKTIV7EluM-01828-00449207-00449398": "I've given you enough information based", "oAKTIV7EluM-01829-00449399-00449789": "on what you've asked but each end of", "oAKTIV7EluM-01830-00449789-00449927": "each organization is gonna be different", "oAKTIV7EluM-01831-00449928-00450046": "you're gonna figure out that battle", "oAKTIV7EluM-01832-00450047-00450295": "rhythm but it's got to be across the", "oAKTIV7EluM-01833-00450296-00450593": "board for everybody and and you're gonna", "oAKTIV7EluM-01834-00450593-00450754": "lead that battle rhythm you're gonna set", "oAKTIV7EluM-01835-00450755-00451033": "that that tone and you're gonna set what", "oAKTIV7EluM-01836-00451034-00451208": "information you need and when and make", "oAKTIV7EluM-01837-00451209-00451435": "sure that folks aren't keeping things to", "oAKTIV7EluM-01838-00451436-00451739": "themselves it's not and not not not from", "oAKTIV7EluM-01839-00451739-00451868": "your perspective but for everybody", "oAKTIV7EluM-01840-00451868-00452116": "else's at every different lane next to", "oAKTIV7EluM-01841-00452117-00452308": "them that's where you start having", "oAKTIV7EluM-01842-00452309-00452618": "problems all right sir well really", "oAKTIV7EluM-01843-00452618-00452770": "appreciate it I just want to I want to", "oAKTIV7EluM-01844-00452771-00452933": "let you know that last ten months and a", "oAKTIV7EluM-01845-00452934-00453070": "real pleasure to not only get to know", "oAKTIV7EluM-01846-00453071-00453310": "you but also to hear this story and most", "oAKTIV7EluM-01847-00453311-00453575": "importantly this story is now your story", "oAKTIV7EluM-01848-00453576-00453796": "your career is now recorded in the in", "oAKTIV7EluM-01849-00453797-00453958": "the book that we have so now everybody", "oAKTIV7EluM-01850-00453959-00454102": "going to initial call whether it's down", "oAKTIV7EluM-01851-00454103-00454306": "at oberfield or wherever else can read", "oAKTIV7EluM-01852-00454307-00454435": "that story and hopefully get some of", "oAKTIV7EluM-01853-00454436-00454595": "these lessons like this like this crowd", "oAKTIV7EluM-01854-00454596-00454775": "just got so again so when you give a", "oAKTIV7EluM-01855-00454776-00455014": "round of applause to the origin you and", "oAKTIV7EluM-01856-00455015-00455135": "say thank you thank you", "oAKTIV7EluM-01857-00455137-00455679": "I think you did it you hit the timeline", "oAKTIV7EluM-01858-00455680-00455918": "too"}}, {"audio_id": "oANNEzhuwK0", "text": {"oANNEzhuwK0-00000-00000363-00001023": "[Music]", "oANNEzhuwK0-00001-00001024-00002224": "do", "oANNEzhuwK0-00002-00002225-00002774": "[Music]", "oANNEzhuwK0-00003-00002775-00002950": "[Music]", "oANNEzhuwK0-00004-00002951-00004637": "this", "oANNEzhuwK0-00005-00004638-00005165": "[Music]", "oANNEzhuwK0-00006-00005166-00007028": "[Music]", 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"oANNEzhuwK0-00107-00103106-00103655": "[Music]", "oANNEzhuwK0-00108-00103656-00104271": "[Music]", "oANNEzhuwK0-00109-00104272-00105520": "so", "oANNEzhuwK0-00110-00105521-00106048": "[Music]", "oANNEzhuwK0-00111-00106049-00107909": "[Music]", "oANNEzhuwK0-00112-00107910-00108459": "[Music]", "oANNEzhuwK0-00113-00108460-00108927": "[Music]", "oANNEzhuwK0-00114-00108928-00109135": "you"}}, {"audio_id": "oAZUzPngbMc", "text": {"oAZUzPngbMc-00000-00000074-00000383": "in this video I'm just going to talk", "oAZUzPngbMc-00001-00000384-00000844": "through the figures in the textbook that", "oAZUzPngbMc-00002-00000846-00001208": "have to do with the warning about model", "oAZUzPngbMc-00003-00001209-00001697": "driven results so to give credit where", "oAZUzPngbMc-00004-00001698-00001891": "credit's tuned these fingers were", "oAZUzPngbMc-00005-00001892-00002357": "directly inspired by this xkcd comic", "oAZUzPngbMc-00006-00002358-00002864": "that is referenced in the textbook and", "oAZUzPngbMc-00007-00002865-00003071": "the set up for both of them is the same", "oAZUzPngbMc-00008-00003072-00003388": "we have lots of different graphs here", "oAZUzPngbMc-00009-00003389-00003688": "but what you'll notice is that the", "oAZUzPngbMc-00010-00003689-00004025": "scatterplot part the data points these", "oAZUzPngbMc-00011-00004026-00004456": "black dots that part is identical in", "oAZUzPngbMc-00012-00004457-00004679": "every single graph so they're all", "oAZUzPngbMc-00013-00004680-00004979": "showing the same data set but then", "oAZUzPngbMc-00014-00004980-00005570": "different fitted regression lines so", "oAZUzPngbMc-00015-00005571-00005972": "here's a linear fit and a quadratic fit", "oAZUzPngbMc-00016-00005973-00006356": "a logarithmic fit he calls it", "oAZUzPngbMc-00017-00006357-00006481": "exponential", "oAZUzPngbMc-00018-00006483-00006737": "here's a type of nonparametric", "oAZUzPngbMc-00019-00006738-00007159": "regression here's just a intercept only", "oAZUzPngbMc-00020-00007161-00007639": "model M the point well apparently the", "oAZUzPngbMc-00021-00007640-00007817": "point is to be funny but the point that", "oAZUzPngbMc-00022-00007818-00008087": "will take away from it is that you can", "oAZUzPngbMc-00023-00008088-00008467": "have the exact same data set but get", "oAZUzPngbMc-00024-00008468-00008870": "very very different results depending on", "oAZUzPngbMc-00025-00008871-00009217": "the regression model that you specified", "oAZUzPngbMc-00026-00009218-00009605": "so if you specify a linear model it", "oAZUzPngbMc-00027-00009606-00009839": "looks like it's just going up and up and", "oAZUzPngbMc-00028-00009840-00010112": "up by the same amount a one unit", "oAZUzPngbMc-00029-00010113-00010396": "increase in X is always associated with", "oAZUzPngbMc-00030-00010397-00010784": "the same change in Y whereas for a", "oAZUzPngbMc-00031-00010785-00011087": "quadratic model because it's quadratic", "oAZUzPngbMc-00032-00011088-00011446": "it has this parabolic shape and so it", "oAZUzPngbMc-00033-00011447-00011717": "sort of starts going down and then goes", "oAZUzPngbMc-00034-00011718-00011920": "up and doesn't just have a constant", "oAZUzPngbMc-00035-00011921-00012344": "slope the whole time whereas if you fit", "oAZUzPngbMc-00036-00012345-00012822": "this logarithmic model here", "oAZUzPngbMc-00037-00012823-00013115": "this is a linear log model you end up", "oAZUzPngbMc-00038-00013116-00013333": "getting sort of the opposite", "oAZUzPngbMc-00039-00013334-00013682": "shape of the quadratic fit actually", "oAZUzPngbMc-00040-00013683-00013928": "instead of sort of increasing more and", "oAZUzPngbMc-00041-00013929-00014369": "more it ends up as xkcd author says", "oAZUzPngbMc-00042-00014369-00014625": "tapering off so it's sort of steeper", "oAZUzPngbMc-00043-00014626-00014947": "initially and then it gets flatter and", "oAZUzPngbMc-00044-00014948-00015238": "flatter and then that's also the", "oAZUzPngbMc-00045-00015240-00015611": "opposite of this one down here and so on", "oAZUzPngbMc-00046-00015612-00016235": "and so that's the same point in here so", "oAZUzPngbMc-00047-00016236-00016484": "again there's a linear I'm here the", "oAZUzPngbMc-00048-00016485-00016678": "linear law and like I said that's the", "oAZUzPngbMc-00049-00016679-00016958": "one that was labeled logarithmic in the", "oAZUzPngbMc-00050-00016959-00017528": "comic this log linear is what was", "oAZUzPngbMc-00051-00017529-00017837": "labeled exponential there's also a long", "oAZUzPngbMc-00052-00017838-00018344": "long just for completeness but you can", "oAZUzPngbMc-00053-00018345-00018728": "see again you know same data set in all", "oAZUzPngbMc-00054-00018729-00019115": "four cases but very qualitatively", "oAZUzPngbMc-00055-00019116-00019409": "different results so all of them sort of", "oAZUzPngbMc-00056-00019410-00019712": "show a general increasing pattern but in", "oAZUzPngbMc-00057-00019713-00020015": "the linear case if we specify a linear", "oAZUzPngbMc-00058-00020016-00020278": "model then regardless of the data it", "oAZUzPngbMc-00059-00020279-00020594": "always has the same slope everywhere so", "oAZUzPngbMc-00060-00020595-00020849": "regardless of the initial value of x a", "oAZUzPngbMc-00061-00020850-00021116": "one unit increase in X is always", "oAZUzPngbMc-00062-00021117-00021440": "associated with the same change in Y Oh", "oAZUzPngbMc-00063-00021441-00021683": "where's that's not true for the log", "oAZUzPngbMc-00064-00021684-00022355": "linear or linear log models the", "oAZUzPngbMc-00065-00022356-00022709": "different figure later here this is a", "oAZUzPngbMc-00066-00022710-00022978": "different data set than the four but", "oAZUzPngbMc-00067-00022979-00023192": "again it's the same data set in each of", "oAZUzPngbMc-00068-00023193-00023689": "the four panels you're looking more", "oAZUzPngbMc-00069-00023690-00023959": "different polynomial model so linear", "oAZUzPngbMc-00070-00023960-00024428": "quadratic cubic again you know at the", "oAZUzPngbMc-00071-00024429-00024937": "linear it's just always positive or with", "oAZUzPngbMc-00072-00024938-00025103": "another data set it could be always", "oAZUzPngbMc-00073-00025104-00025517": "negative but it makes it seem like it's", "oAZUzPngbMc-00074-00025518-00025817": "sort of the same positive or negative", "oAZUzPngbMc-00075-00025818-00026062": "change in Y associated with", "oAZUzPngbMc-00076-00026063-00026287": "and increase an ex regardless of where", "oAZUzPngbMc-00077-00026288-00026565": "we are where's here for the quadratic", "oAZUzPngbMc-00078-00026566-00026923": "the it can be increasing in one part and", "oAZUzPngbMc-00079-00026924-00027230": "decreasing in another part so in", "oAZUzPngbMc-00080-00027231-00027386": "particular if we look at these higher", "oAZUzPngbMc-00081-00027387-00027686": "values of X and we look at the linear", "oAZUzPngbMc-00082-00027687-00027980": "fit it still suggests that an increase", "oAZUzPngbMc-00083-00027981-00028264": "in X is associated with an increase and", "oAZUzPngbMc-00084-00028265-00028567": "why it's a positive relationship where", "oAZUzPngbMc-00085-00028568-00028832": "is what the quadratic model we end up", "oAZUzPngbMc-00086-00028833-00029030": "with a negative relationship for these", "oAZUzPngbMc-00087-00029031-00029362": "larger values and effects so it's not", "oAZUzPngbMc-00088-00029363-00029626": "just you know quantitative difference", "oAZUzPngbMc-00089-00029627-00029965": "but the shape itself even whether it's a", "oAZUzPngbMc-00090-00029966-00030280": "positive or a negative relationship that", "oAZUzPngbMc-00091-00030281-00030974": "changes then the cubic again is even", "oAZUzPngbMc-00092-00030975-00031180": "more flexible than the quadratic and now", "oAZUzPngbMc-00093-00031181-00031543": "starts to disagree for the larger values", "oAZUzPngbMc-00094-00031544-00031817": "of X but sort of the opposite reason", "oAZUzPngbMc-00095-00031818-00032242": "again now it's increasing again such as", "oAZUzPngbMc-00096-00032243-00032420": "a positive relationship here", "oAZUzPngbMc-00097-00032420-00032720": "whereas quadratic was decreasing but the", "oAZUzPngbMc-00098-00032720-00033055": "cubic deep excuse me disagrees with the", "oAZUzPngbMc-00099-00033056-00033355": "linear model for these middle values of", "oAZUzPngbMc-00100-00033356-00033604": "X where it shows a negative relationship", "oAZUzPngbMc-00101-00033605-00033865": "there's a linear model showed a positive", "oAZUzPngbMc-00102-00033866-00034180": "relationship and again with this sort of", "oAZUzPngbMc-00103-00034181-00034626": "trigonometric model you can get even", "oAZUzPngbMc-00104-00034627-00034888": "different results in terms of where it's", "oAZUzPngbMc-00105-00034889-00035326": "positive or negative more similar to the", "oAZUzPngbMc-00106-00035327-00035567": "quadratic except that whereas the", "oAZUzPngbMc-00107-00035568-00035792": "quadratic gets more and more negative", "oAZUzPngbMc-00108-00035793-00036145": "once he passed this turning point here", "oAZUzPngbMc-00109-00036146-00036430": "that's maximum the chicken and metric", "oAZUzPngbMc-00110-00036431-00036643": "starts to get negative and then it", "oAZUzPngbMc-00111-00036644-00036986": "flattens out here so when we look at the", "oAZUzPngbMc-00112-00036987-00037324": "largest values of X even the quadratic", "oAZUzPngbMc-00113-00037325-00037720": "and the trigonometric disagree so again", "oAZUzPngbMc-00114-00037721-00037921": "this is all using the same exact data", "oAZUzPngbMc-00115-00037922-00038207": "set so all of these differences are", "oAZUzPngbMc-00116-00038208-00038658": "being driven by the model that's chosen", "oAZUzPngbMc-00117-00038659-00039004": "so it's not being driven by the data", "oAZUzPngbMc-00118-00039005-00039317": "it's you know partly using the data to", "oAZUzPngbMc-00119-00039318-00039409": "fit the model", "oAZUzPngbMc-00120-00039410-00039778": "but a lot of these differences across", "oAZUzPngbMc-00121-00039779-00040087": "these four fitted functions here is", "oAZUzPngbMc-00122-00040088-00040380": "being driven by the model choice itself", "oAZUzPngbMc-00123-00040381-00040819": "which is one reason people sometimes use", "oAZUzPngbMc-00124-00040820-00041167": "mob parametric regression and the reason", "oAZUzPngbMc-00125-00041168-00041527": "that that is discussed in this chapter", "oAZUzPngbMc-00126-00041528-00041848": "of the textbook"}}, {"audio_id": "oB7J6K_PZuI", "text": {"oB7J6K_PZuI-00000-00000064-00000311": "you see the secret to winning murder", "oB7J6K_PZuI-00001-00000312-00000519": "mystery 2", "oB7J6K_PZuI-00002-00000520-00000975": "is to be toxic so you know what", "oB7J6K_PZuI-00003-00000976-00001491": "i'm going to be toxic today um what is", "oB7J6K_PZuI-00004-00001492-00001671": "this", "oB7J6K_PZuI-00005-00001672-00001975": "bruh look at this dude", "oB7J6K_PZuI-00006-00001976-00002279": "wait till you see them no", "oB7J6K_PZuI-00007-00002280-00003206": "no no no oh", "oB7J6K_PZuI-00008-00003207-00003743": "oh look at the top of his head", "oB7J6K_PZuI-00009-00003744-00004303": "look at his lips", "oB7J6K_PZuI-00010-00004304-00004654": "um she tried to be santa with", "oB7J6K_PZuI-00011-00004655-00005028": "dope which i", "oB7J6K_PZuI-00012-00005029-00005695": "[Music]", "oB7J6K_PZuI-00013-00005696-00006006": "want to come out think", "oB7J6K_PZuI-00014-00006007-00006334": "oh uh well i mean it's a bathtub party", "oB7J6K_PZuI-00015-00006335-00006646": "in here", "oB7J6K_PZuI-00016-00006647-00007142": "oh that's scary", "oB7J6K_PZuI-00017-00007143-00007455": "oh it was a it was the santa doge let's", "oB7J6K_PZuI-00018-00007456-00007478": "go", "oB7J6K_PZuI-00019-00007479-00007814": "santa doge oh but that was scary", "oB7J6K_PZuI-00020-00007815-00007934": "run a replay", "oB7J6K_PZuI-00021-00007936-00008287": "[Music]", "oB7J6K_PZuI-00022-00008288-00008623": "oh uh well i mean it's an after party in", "oB7J6K_PZuI-00023-00008624-00008759": "here", "oB7J6K_PZuI-00024-00008760-00009039": "you know that was something good last", "oB7J6K_PZuI-00025-00009040-00009239": "words", "oB7J6K_PZuI-00026-00009240-00009508": "it's a bathtub part in here", "oB7J6K_PZuI-00027-00009509-00009883": "[Music]", "oB7J6K_PZuI-00028-00009884-00010041": "oh", "oB7J6K_PZuI-00029-00010042-00011174": "[Laughter]", "oB7J6K_PZuI-00030-00011175-00012841": "you know just gonna follow them in here", "oB7J6K_PZuI-00031-00012843-00013143": "[Music]", "oB7J6K_PZuI-00032-00013144-00014226": "nothing happened guys don't worry", "oB7J6K_PZuI-00033-00014227-00015079": "[Music]", "oB7J6K_PZuI-00034-00015080-00015613": "watch this it's like", "oB7J6K_PZuI-00035-00015613-00016883": "[Music]", "oB7J6K_PZuI-00036-00016884-00017608": "run", "oB7J6K_PZuI-00037-00017609-00018943": "[Music]", "oB7J6K_PZuI-00038-00018944-00019247": "look at you but", "oB7J6K_PZuI-00039-00019248-00019591": "what even is that", "oB7J6K_PZuI-00040-00019592-00019958": "watch this okay see", "oB7J6K_PZuI-00041-00019959-00020135": "that's how you guys respond to something", "oB7J6K_PZuI-00042-00020136-00020271": "like that", "oB7J6K_PZuI-00043-00020272-00020671": "camper is same as new i mean he's very", "oB7J6K_PZuI-00044-00020672-00020903": "stupid you know campers they actually am", "oB7J6K_PZuI-00045-00020904-00021119": "living the woods and stuff like that", "oB7J6K_PZuI-00046-00021120-00021391": "noobs are the one who complained", "oB7J6K_PZuI-00047-00021392-00021599": "and i'm talking to you bomb and madsen", "oB7J6K_PZuI-00048-00021600-00021753": "watch us", "oB7J6K_PZuI-00049-00021754-00021983": "[Music]", "oB7J6K_PZuI-00050-00021984-00022383": "right in your face", "oB7J6K_PZuI-00051-00022384-00022686": "i love this yes", "oB7J6K_PZuI-00052-00022687-00023014": "oh man thank you mick thank you", "oB7J6K_PZuI-00053-00023015-00023358": "thanks actually", "oB7J6K_PZuI-00054-00023359-00023593": "let me follow this doge person", "oB7J6K_PZuI-00055-00023594-00023883": "[Music]", "oB7J6K_PZuI-00056-00023884-00024705": "oh", "oB7J6K_PZuI-00057-00024706-00025814": "[Music]", "oB7J6K_PZuI-00058-00025816-00025949": "sneak peek", "oB7J6K_PZuI-00059-00025950-00026223": "[Music]", "oB7J6K_PZuI-00060-00026224-00026842": "shoot shoo sacrifice yourself whoa", "oB7J6K_PZuI-00061-00026843-00027485": "[Music]", "oB7J6K_PZuI-00062-00027486-00028083": "[Music]", "oB7J6K_PZuI-00063-00028083-00028311": "oh run run run", "oB7J6K_PZuI-00064-00028312-00028646": "[Music]", "oB7J6K_PZuI-00065-00028647-00028983": "sneak peek", "oB7J6K_PZuI-00066-00028983-00029855": "oh oh thank you i think he's on me", "oB7J6K_PZuI-00067-00029856-00030223": "who's the aim out", "oB7J6K_PZuI-00068-00030224-00030367": "you know why else you love that all the", "oB7J6K_PZuI-00069-00030368-00030558": "people are doing this watch", "oB7J6K_PZuI-00070-00030560-00031862": "it hello", "oB7J6K_PZuI-00071-00031863-00032283": "[Music]", "oB7J6K_PZuI-00072-00032283-00032783": "oh is my controller broken", "oB7J6K_PZuI-00073-00032784-00033823": "100 100 how did she get back to him", "oB7J6K_PZuI-00074-00033824-00034055": "oh this just makes it much better for me", "oB7J6K_PZuI-00075-00034056-00034759": "i'm bombing madsen sucks as a sheriff", "oB7J6K_PZuI-00076-00034760-00035151": "wait where is he what where is he i want", "oB7J6K_PZuI-00077-00035152-00035311": "to talk to him", "oB7J6K_PZuI-00078-00035312-00036154": "what he just left", "oB7J6K_PZuI-00079-00036155-00036479": "[Music]", "oB7J6K_PZuI-00080-00036480-00036767": "okay i'm in december as well i was going", "oB7J6K_PZuI-00081-00036768-00037007": "to take", "oB7J6K_PZuI-00082-00037008-00037484": "proves he's a big noob", "oB7J6K_PZuI-00083-00037485-00037883": "[Music]", "oB7J6K_PZuI-00084-00037884-00038184": "um"}}, {"audio_id": "oB8eB0IKP84", "text": {"oB8eB0IKP84-00000-00000029-00000191": "okay", "oB8eB0IKP84-00001-00000192-00000497": "thank you the next item of business is a", "oB8eB0IKP84-00002-00000498-00000784": "debate in motion 7997 in the name of", "oB8eB0IKP84-00003-00000785-00001031": "Angus Robertson on retained EU law", "oB8eB0IKP84-00004-00001032-00001300": "revocation and Reform Bill UK", "oB8eB0IKP84-00005-00001301-00001481": "legislation I would invite those members", "oB8eB0IKP84-00006-00001482-00001618": "who wish to speak in the debate please", "oB8eB0IKP84-00007-00001619-00001907": "press the request the speed button and I", "oB8eB0IKP84-00008-00001907-00002026": "call an Angus Robertson cabinet", "oB8eB0IKP84-00009-00002027-00002201": "secretary to speak to and to move the", "oB8eB0IKP84-00010-00002202-00002315": "motion up to seven minutes please", "oB8eB0IKP84-00011-00002316-00002500": "cabinet secretary thank you very much", "oB8eB0IKP84-00012-00002501-00002710": "presiding officer and I'm pleased to", "oB8eB0IKP84-00013-00002711-00002963": "move the motion in my name today's", "oB8eB0IKP84-00014-00002964-00003203": "debate is timely because the retained", "oB8eB0IKP84-00015-00003204-00003425": "European Union law Bill also begins its", "oB8eB0IKP84-00016-00003426-00003635": "committee stage in the House of Lords", "oB8eB0IKP84-00017-00003636-00003881": "and may I begin by thanking the", "oB8eB0IKP84-00018-00003882-00004138": "Constitution Europe external Affairs and", "oB8eB0IKP84-00019-00004139-00004372": "culture committee for their report on", "oB8eB0IKP84-00020-00004373-00004541": "retained EU law", "oB8eB0IKP84-00021-00004542-00004715": "clear that the committee share the", "oB8eB0IKP84-00022-00004716-00004895": "significant concerns raised by the", "oB8eB0IKP84-00023-00004896-00005051": "Scottish government since the Bill's", "oB8eB0IKP84-00024-00005052-00005249": "introduction there's simply not enough", "oB8eB0IKP84-00025-00005250-00005483": "time today to list these concerns in", "oB8eB0IKP84-00026-00005484-00005849": "full but allow me to highlight three one", "oB8eB0IKP84-00027-00005850-00006161": "the bill includes a cliff Edge sunset", "oB8eB0IKP84-00028-00006162-00006304": "provision which is a deeply", "oB8eB0IKP84-00029-00006305-00006623": "irresponsible way to manage the statute", "oB8eB0IKP84-00030-00006623-00007055": "book two it risks deregulation and", "oB8eB0IKP84-00031-00007056-00007295": "Divergence from the high standards the", "oB8eB0IKP84-00032-00007295-00007523": "people of Scotland experienced and", "oB8eB0IKP84-00033-00007523-00007889": "benefited from as a European Union", "oB8eB0IKP84-00034-00007890-00008074": "member state", "oB8eB0IKP84-00035-00008075-00008321": "this will also introduce unwelcome", "oB8eB0IKP84-00036-00008322-00008663": "uncertainty for business and uncertainty", "oB8eB0IKP84-00037-00008664-00008783": "for trade", "oB8eB0IKP84-00038-00008784-00009053": "and three it includes powers for UK", "oB8eB0IKP84-00039-00009054-00009287": "ministers to act in areas of devolved", "oB8eB0IKP84-00040-00009288-00009551": "responsibility without the consent of", "oB8eB0IKP84-00041-00009552-00009749": "Scottish ministers and without the", "oB8eB0IKP84-00042-00009750-00010013": "consent of this Parliament", "oB8eB0IKP84-00043-00010014-00010289": "to be clear conferring powers on UK", "oB8eB0IKP84-00044-00010290-00010624": "ministers in devolved areas without", "oB8eB0IKP84-00045-00010625-00010853": "requiring the consent of the Scottish", "oB8eB0IKP84-00046-00010854-00011183": "ministers or this Parliament for the", "oB8eB0IKP84-00047-00011184-00011387": "exercise of those power strikes at the", "oB8eB0IKP84-00048-00011388-00011723": "heart of the Scotland Act 1998.", "oB8eB0IKP84-00049-00011724-00011963": "Democratic oversight and good governance", "oB8eB0IKP84-00050-00011964-00012251": "is clearly a risk if UK ministers", "oB8eB0IKP84-00051-00012252-00012496": "sideline in this way the Scottish", "oB8eB0IKP84-00052-00012497-00012688": "ministers who are accountable to this", "oB8eB0IKP84-00053-00012689-00012815": "Parliament", "oB8eB0IKP84-00054-00012816-00012988": "the combined assessment of the", "oB8eB0IKP84-00055-00012989-00013325": "committee's 18 expert Witnesses was", "oB8eB0IKP84-00056-00013326-00013541": "overwhelmingly negative", "oB8eB0IKP84-00057-00013541-00013744": "and reflects the astonishing level of", "oB8eB0IKP84-00058-00013745-00013888": "opposition to this legislative", "oB8eB0IKP84-00059-00013890-00014225": "legislation across sectoral and across", "oB8eB0IKP84-00060-00014226-00014488": "political boundaries and yet the United", "oB8eB0IKP84-00061-00014490-00014699": "Kingdom government refuses to withdraw", "oB8eB0IKP84-00062-00014700-00015041": "this bill or at the very least to amend", "oB8eB0IKP84-00063-00015041-00015311": "it I call on them again as I did in", "oB8eB0IKP84-00064-00015312-00015479": "November when this Parliament previously", "oB8eB0IKP84-00065-00015480-00015725": "debated the bill to csense and to", "oB8eB0IKP84-00066-00015726-00015863": "withdraw it", "oB8eB0IKP84-00067-00015863-00016007": "I'll restate the position of the", "oB8eB0IKP84-00068-00016008-00016169": "Scottish government presiding officer", "oB8eB0IKP84-00069-00016169-00016415": "the only way to eradicate the dangers", "oB8eB0IKP84-00070-00016416-00016691": "posed by this bill is for it to be", "oB8eB0IKP84-00071-00016692-00016885": "scrapped that remains our position", "oB8eB0IKP84-00072-00016886-00017147": "nothing during the Parliamentary passage", "oB8eB0IKP84-00073-00017148-00017405": "of the bill has alleviated my initial", "oB8eB0IKP84-00074-00017406-00017711": "grave concerns indeed those concerns are", "oB8eB0IKP84-00075-00017712-00017927": "compounded by my conversations with", "oB8eB0IKP84-00076-00017928-00018130": "Welsh government ministers and indeed", "oB8eB0IKP84-00077-00018131-00018425": "with peers in the House of Lords", "oB8eB0IKP84-00078-00018426-00018622": "I'm alarmed that the hard brexit", "oB8eB0IKP84-00079-00018623-00018844": "negotiated by the UK government could", "oB8eB0IKP84-00080-00018845-00019079": "become even harder with signals from", "oB8eB0IKP84-00081-00019080-00019313": "Europe that the trading Corporation", "oB8eB0IKP84-00082-00019314-00019571": "agreement itself would be a risk by the", "oB8eB0IKP84-00083-00019572-00019817": "UK's Divergent and deregulatory agenda", "oB8eB0IKP84-00084-00019818-00020003": "that informs this bill", "oB8eB0IKP84-00085-00020004-00020207": "it's highly regrettable that our", "oB8eB0IKP84-00086-00020208-00020447": "proposed amendments to the bill have not", "oB8eB0IKP84-00087-00020448-00020614": "been considered by two previous", "oB8eB0IKP84-00088-00020615-00020819": "secretaries of State", "oB8eB0IKP84-00089-00020820-00021029": "the third is now in post and I wrote to", "oB8eB0IKP84-00090-00021030-00021185": "her two weeks ago", "oB8eB0IKP84-00091-00021186-00021400": "urging her to respect Evolution and to", "oB8eB0IKP84-00092-00021401-00021653": "respect the role of this Parliament", "oB8eB0IKP84-00093-00021654-00021953": "I'm yet to receive a reply", "oB8eB0IKP84-00094-00021954-00022133": "the amendments to the bill that we have", "oB8eB0IKP84-00095-00022134-00022289": "proposed to the Secretary of State for", "oB8eB0IKP84-00096-00022290-00022480": "business and trade would ensure that", "oB8eB0IKP84-00097-00022481-00022693": "this Parliament is given its proper", "oB8eB0IKP84-00098-00022694-00022961": "scrutinizing role and I'll continue to", "oB8eB0IKP84-00099-00022962-00023308": "urge her to consider these amendments", "oB8eB0IKP84-00100-00023309-00023519": "in this regard much will depend on the", "oB8eB0IKP84-00101-00023520-00023693": "further parliamentary passage of this", "oB8eB0IKP84-00102-00023694-00023771": "bill", "oB8eB0IKP84-00103-00023772-00023969": "I've instructed my officials to work", "oB8eB0IKP84-00104-00023970-00024167": "closely with the Parliamentary clerks", "oB8eB0IKP84-00105-00024168-00024400": "here to find an agreeable Way Forward", "oB8eB0IKP84-00106-00024401-00024641": "and I commit to keeping this Parliament", "oB8eB0IKP84-00107-00024642-00024917": "updated on our proposals", "oB8eB0IKP84-00108-00024918-00025150": "we must be under No Illusion that either", "oB8eB0IKP84-00109-00025151-00025421": "Devolution or the Sewell convention will", "oB8eB0IKP84-00110-00025422-00025637": "be respected in regard to this", "oB8eB0IKP84-00111-00025638-00025996": "legislation since 2018 this Parliament", "oB8eB0IKP84-00112-00025997-00026308": "has on seven occasions withheld consent", "oB8eB0IKP84-00113-00026310-00026573": "for a UK government bill", "oB8eB0IKP84-00114-00026574-00026824": "the UK government has ignored it six", "oB8eB0IKP84-00115-00026825-00026974": "times", "oB8eB0IKP84-00116-00026975-00027149": "should this Parliament Express a similar", "oB8eB0IKP84-00117-00027150-00027418": "view today I can offer no comfort that", "oB8eB0IKP84-00118-00027419-00027712": "the UK government will listen", "oB8eB0IKP84-00119-00027713-00027935": "I'll conclude by drawing attention to", "oB8eB0IKP84-00120-00027936-00028223": "just some of the continued opposition to", "oB8eB0IKP84-00121-00028224-00028367": "this bill", "oB8eB0IKP84-00122-00028368-00028607": "the House of Lords delegated powers and", "oB8eB0IKP84-00123-00028608-00028883": "Regulatory reform committee criticize it", "oB8eB0IKP84-00124-00028883-00029140": "as being hyper skeletal", "oB8eB0IKP84-00125-00029141-00029362": "in allowing ministers to act with little", "oB8eB0IKP84-00126-00029363-00029555": "parliamentary scrutiny", "oB8eB0IKP84-00127-00029556-00029789": "the UK government's own Watchdog the", "oB8eB0IKP84-00128-00029789-00030005": "regulatory policy committee called the", "oB8eB0IKP84-00129-00030006-00030268": "impact assessment for the bill not fit", "oB8eB0IKP84-00130-00030269-00030424": "for purpose", "oB8eB0IKP84-00131-00030425-00030629": "and Wildlife and Countryside link called", "oB8eB0IKP84-00132-00030630-00030874": "the bill and I am quoting an economic", "oB8eB0IKP84-00133-00030875-00031090": "and environmental wrecking ball that", "oB8eB0IKP84-00134-00031091-00031462": "could cost the UK 82 billion pounds over", "oB8eB0IKP84-00135-00031463-00031661": "30 years", "oB8eB0IKP84-00136-00031662-00031931": "to clear swathe of informed observers", "oB8eB0IKP84-00137-00031932-00032170": "understand the danger of this bill", "oB8eB0IKP84-00138-00032172-00032440": "the Welsh government understand this", "oB8eB0IKP84-00139-00032441-00032687": "the Scottish government understands this", "oB8eB0IKP84-00140-00032688-00032879": "this parliament's constitution committee", "oB8eB0IKP84-00141-00032880-00033046": "understands this", "oB8eB0IKP84-00142-00033047-00033227": "so today I urge this Parliament as a", "oB8eB0IKP84-00143-00033228-00033473": "whole to join this list and in vote in", "oB8eB0IKP84-00144-00033474-00033677": "favor of the motion today to withhold", "oB8eB0IKP84-00145-00033678-00034918": "consent", "oB8eB0IKP84-00146-00034919-00035159": "um I now call on Claire Adamson to speak", "oB8eB0IKP84-00147-00035160-00035362": "on behalf of the Constitution Europe", "oB8eB0IKP84-00148-00035363-00035573": "external Affairs and culture committee", "oB8eB0IKP84-00149-00035574-00035771": "around five minutes please thank you", "oB8eB0IKP84-00150-00035772-00035927": "very much presiding officer man firstly", "oB8eB0IKP84-00151-00035928-00036095": "thank the SeaTac committee members the", "oB8eB0IKP84-00152-00036096-00036293": "committee clerks and all those who", "oB8eB0IKP84-00153-00036294-00036437": "submitted evidence and attended", "oB8eB0IKP84-00154-00036438-00036617": "committee during our deliberations on", "oB8eB0IKP84-00155-00036618-00036911": "this important bill and it is a bill of", "oB8eB0IKP84-00156-00036912-00037090": "profound concern", "oB8eB0IKP84-00157-00037091-00037283": "the committee believes as a point of", "oB8eB0IKP84-00158-00037284-00037471": "constitutional principle and simple", "oB8eB0IKP84-00159-00037472-00037702": "Democratic imperative that Scottish", "oB8eB0IKP84-00160-00037703-00037955": "Parliament should have an opportunity to", "oB8eB0IKP84-00161-00037956-00038224": "effectively scrutinize the exercise of", "oB8eB0IKP84-00162-00038225-00038501": "all legislative powers with interval", "oB8eB0IKP84-00163-00038502-00038765": "competence the pill in its current form", "oB8eB0IKP84-00164-00038766-00039011": "neither protects nor promotes that", "oB8eB0IKP84-00165-00039012-00039215": "principle nor does it encourage", "oB8eB0IKP84-00166-00039216-00039371": "confidence when it comes to the", "oB8eB0IKP84-00167-00039372-00039646": "potential impacts on policy areas as", "oB8eB0IKP84-00168-00039647-00039857": "crucial and wide-ranging as food", "oB8eB0IKP84-00169-00039858-00040151": "standards Animal Health safeguarding the", "oB8eB0IKP84-00170-00040152-00040433": "environment consumer protection business", "oB8eB0IKP84-00171-00040434-00040690": "practice and employment", "oB8eB0IKP84-00172-00040691-00040901": "staging officer there was a consistency", "oB8eB0IKP84-00173-00040902-00041207": "in the evidence of stakeholders that you", "oB8eB0IKP84-00174-00041208-00041405": "rarely find in parliamentary scrutiny", "oB8eB0IKP84-00175-00041406-00041687": "even those Witnesses who favor diversion", "oB8eB0IKP84-00176-00041688-00041980": "from EU policy both historically and for", "oB8eB0IKP84-00177-00041981-00042179": "the future such as the Scottish", "oB8eB0IKP84-00178-00042180-00042509": "Fisherman's Federation said on this on", "oB8eB0IKP84-00179-00042510-00042755": "this it was more important to get it", "oB8eB0IKP84-00180-00042756-00043037": "right than get it fast", "oB8eB0IKP84-00181-00043038-00043265": "the bill in its current form contains", "oB8eB0IKP84-00182-00043266-00043511": "the sunset clause", "oB8eB0IKP84-00183-00043512-00043733": "and if it's it law is not retained", "oB8eB0IKP84-00184-00043734-00043979": "specifically but either the UK or", "oB8eB0IKP84-00185-00043980-00044129": "Scottish government it will", "oB8eB0IKP84-00186-00044130-00044374": "automatically Fall by the end of this", "oB8eB0IKP84-00187-00044375-00044608": "year learn the hood of the faculty of", "oB8eB0IKP84-00188-00044609-00044807": "Advocates said of the deadline to put it", "oB8eB0IKP84-00189-00044808-00045052": "painly we would end up with gaps in the", "oB8eB0IKP84-00190-00045053-00045118": "law", "oB8eB0IKP84-00191-00045119-00045455": "the Society of of Chief officers of", "oB8eB0IKP84-00192-00045456-00045712": "cheating standards among many others", "oB8eB0IKP84-00193-00045713-00045929": "shared those concerns Scottish", "oB8eB0IKP84-00194-00045930-00046121": "environment link referred to a much", "oB8eB0IKP84-00195-00046122-00046324": "harsher Cliff Edge in devolved areas", "oB8eB0IKP84-00196-00046325-00046487": "than reserved", "oB8eB0IKP84-00197-00046488-00046673": "the delegated powers and legislative", "oB8eB0IKP84-00198-00046674-00046937": "form committee have also expressed", "oB8eB0IKP84-00199-00046938-00047230": "serious concerns over this bill", "oB8eB0IKP84-00200-00047231-00047446": "is House of Lords equivalents delegated", "oB8eB0IKP84-00201-00047447-00047639": "powers and Regulatory form committee", "oB8eB0IKP84-00202-00047640-00047867": "stated that there is no certainty about", "oB8eB0IKP84-00203-00047868-00048161": "the sunset provision itself because UK", "oB8eB0IKP84-00204-00048162-00048407": "ministers can extend it under delegated", "oB8eB0IKP84-00205-00048408-00048712": "powers in clause 2. there is no", "oB8eB0IKP84-00206-00048713-00048905": "certainty about which policy areas will", "oB8eB0IKP84-00207-00048906-00049151": "be affected and there is no certainty", "oB8eB0IKP84-00208-00049152-00049535": "about what will replace revoked rule", "oB8eB0IKP84-00209-00049536-00049811": "Seaford Scotland said that the legal", "oB8eB0IKP84-00210-00049812-00050008": "Cliff Edge would force businesses and", "oB8eB0IKP84-00211-00050009-00050273": "representatives to direct considerable", "oB8eB0IKP84-00212-00050274-00050585": "resource to understanding and responding", "oB8eB0IKP84-00213-00050586-00050783": "to the proposed changes", "oB8eB0IKP84-00214-00050784-00051040": "the national farmer Farmers Union of", "oB8eB0IKP84-00215-00051041-00051238": "Scotland suggested the sun setting of", "oB8eB0IKP84-00216-00051239-00051520": "retained EU food law could well return", "oB8eB0IKP84-00217-00051521-00051766": "us to a time when there was little in", "oB8eB0IKP84-00218-00051767-00052030": "the way of Standards applied", "oB8eB0IKP84-00219-00052032-00052252": "let me be clear presiding what to say", "oB8eB0IKP84-00220-00052253-00052504": "Witnesses were not opposed to the", "oB8eB0IKP84-00221-00052505-00052829": "principle of reviewing retain du law but", "oB8eB0IKP84-00222-00052829-00053057": "any review should not be driven by what", "oB8eB0IKP84-00223-00053058-00053338": "Seaford Scotland called arbitrary cut", "oB8eB0IKP84-00224-00053339-00053711": "off deeps the soil Association had again", "oB8eB0IKP84-00225-00053712-00053969": "no objection to a sensible process of", "oB8eB0IKP84-00226-00053970-00054269": "examining updating or improving existed", "oB8eB0IKP84-00227-00054270-00054557": "law but we do not think that the bill as", "oB8eB0IKP84-00228-00054558-00054779": "drafted delivers that", "oB8eB0IKP84-00229-00054779-00055073": "and given inflation Energy prices post", "oB8eB0IKP84-00230-00055074-00055423": "pandemic recovery and economic impact", "oB8eB0IKP84-00231-00055424-00055721": "post-brexit you can but sympathize with", "oB8eB0IKP84-00232-00055722-00055907": "the view of the Institute of the", "oB8eB0IKP84-00233-00055908-00056200": "directors that the bill is the last", "oB8eB0IKP84-00234-00056201-00056488": "thing that business needs in a fragile", "oB8eB0IKP84-00235-00056489-00056753": "economic environment", "oB8eB0IKP84-00236-00056754-00057023": "presiding officer the sunset Clause as", "oB8eB0IKP84-00237-00057024-00057250": "it stands cannot deliver appropriate", "oB8eB0IKP84-00238-00057251-00057563": "levels of consultation scrutiny or", "oB8eB0IKP84-00239-00057564-00057653": "debate", "oB8eB0IKP84-00240-00057654-00057880": "the scale of the task ahead cannot be", "oB8eB0IKP84-00241-00057882-00058037": "underestimated both in terms of", "oB8eB0IKP84-00242-00058038-00058325": "additional administrative burden and the", "oB8eB0IKP84-00243-00058326-00058529": "challenge of conducting scrutiny within", "oB8eB0IKP84-00244-00058529-00058757": "the time constraints this applies for", "oB8eB0IKP84-00245-00058758-00059050": "stakeholders for governments and for", "oB8eB0IKP84-00246-00059051-00059266": "this parliament's committee", "oB8eB0IKP84-00247-00059267-00059525": "of all committees rather sorry I have", "oB8eB0IKP84-00248-00059526-00059699": "already thanked my committee colleagues", "oB8eB0IKP84-00249-00059700-00059885": "it is to their crowd that we've been", "oB8eB0IKP84-00250-00059886-00060047": "able to work in such a productive and", "oB8eB0IKP84-00251-00060048-00060371": "Collegiate way this session however to", "oB8eB0IKP84-00252-00060372-00060592": "note we were unable to agree a unanimous", "oB8eB0IKP84-00253-00060594-00060869": "report a Uranus support for this report", "oB8eB0IKP84-00254-00060870-00061115": "with conservative colleagues on this", "oB8eB0IKP84-00255-00061116-00061235": "occasion", "oB8eB0IKP84-00256-00061236-00061523": "his aging officer we cannot do justice", "oB8eB0IKP84-00257-00061524-00061732": "to the report this afternoon and we have", "oB8eB0IKP84-00258-00061733-00061894": "indeed asked the convenience group for a", "oB8eB0IKP84-00259-00061895-00062080": "committee-led debate to allow further", "oB8eB0IKP84-00260-00062082-00062404": "discussion across committee interests as", "oB8eB0IKP84-00261-00062405-00062644": "this will impact on many subject", "oB8eB0IKP84-00262-00062645-00062891": "Committees of this Parliament we've also", "oB8eB0IKP84-00263-00062891-00063065": "highlighted the potential impact in the", "oB8eB0IKP84-00264-00063066-00063299": "workload of the Parliamentary committees", "oB8eB0IKP84-00265-00063300-00063497": "going forward", "oB8eB0IKP84-00266-00063498-00063682": "we have written standards procedures in", "oB8eB0IKP84-00267-00063683-00063826": "public appointments committee and the", "oB8eB0IKP84-00268-00063827-00064025": "requirement for elect a legislative", "oB8eB0IKP84-00269-00064026-00064276": "consent Motion in this specific", "oB8eB0IKP84-00270-00064277-00064594": "circumstance when consent is not to be", "oB8eB0IKP84-00271-00064595-00064835": "lead by the government through a alleged", "oB8eB0IKP84-00272-00064836-00065021": "of consent motion", "oB8eB0IKP84-00273-00065022-00065315": "at Sunday quarters are silent on this at", "oB8eB0IKP84-00274-00065316-00065500": "the moment and we therefore have have", "oB8eB0IKP84-00275-00065501-00065800": "requested a review of procedures given", "oB8eB0IKP84-00276-00065801-00065975": "as a Cabinet secretively doubt the", "oB8eB0IKP84-00277-00065976-00066191": "number of times this has happened", "oB8eB0IKP84-00278-00066192-00066479": "this is of indeed concern for the", "oB8eB0IKP84-00279-00066480-00066761": "committee and we recommend the report to", "oB8eB0IKP84-00280-00066762-00066947": "our fellow committee members and members", "oB8eB0IKP84-00281-00066948-00067175": "across the chamber I thank you for your", "oB8eB0IKP84-00282-00067176-00067343": "time", "oB8eB0IKP84-00283-00067344-00067613": "thank you Miss Adamson I now call on", "oB8eB0IKP84-00284-00067614-00067799": "Donald Cameron uh around five minutes do", "oB8eB0IKP84-00285-00067800-00067913": "something", "oB8eB0IKP84-00286-00067914-00068129": "thank you Deputy presiding officer can I", "oB8eB0IKP84-00287-00068130-00068363": "refer to my register of Interest as a", "oB8eB0IKP84-00288-00068364-00068626": "member of The Faculty of advocates", "oB8eB0IKP84-00289-00068627-00068776": "um this is of course the second time", "oB8eB0IKP84-00290-00068777-00069065": "that I write to speak in a Scottish", "oB8eB0IKP84-00291-00069066-00069299": "government debate on the retained EU law", "oB8eB0IKP84-00292-00069300-00069611": "bill at this time for an LCM debate as", "oB8eB0IKP84-00293-00069612-00069761": "the cabinet secretary has already", "oB8eB0IKP84-00294-00069762-00070103": "mentioned the Scottish government held a", "oB8eB0IKP84-00295-00070104-00070456": "debate on this bill in November uh 2022", "oB8eB0IKP84-00296-00070457-00070709": "the timing of which as I argued at the", "oB8eB0IKP84-00297-00070710-00070943": "time was unprecedented given that two", "oB8eB0IKP84-00298-00070944-00071147": "Committees of the parliament looking at", "oB8eB0IKP84-00299-00071148-00071453": "the bill had not yet reported and in", "oB8eB0IKP84-00300-00071454-00071729": "terms of that issue as the convener has", "oB8eB0IKP84-00301-00071730-00071849": "just mentioned the convener of the", "oB8eB0IKP84-00302-00071850-00072029": "Constitution committee has just", "oB8eB0IKP84-00303-00072030-00072299": "mentioned our committee has agreed to", "oB8eB0IKP84-00304-00072300-00072532": "write to the standards procedures and", "oB8eB0IKP84-00305-00072533-00072665": "public appointments committee to", "oB8eB0IKP84-00306-00072666-00072911": "recommend that it considers undertaking", "oB8eB0IKP84-00307-00072912-00073187": "a review of the relevant provisions", "oB8eB0IKP84-00308-00073188-00073391": "standing orders", "oB8eB0IKP84-00309-00073392-00073613": "moving on from that issue it is also", "oB8eB0IKP84-00310-00073614-00073793": "arguable that the debate we are having", "oB8eB0IKP84-00311-00073794-00074225": "today is likewise premature because as", "oB8eB0IKP84-00312-00074226-00074405": "the cabinet secretary himself noted the", "oB8eB0IKP84-00313-00074406-00074806": "bill itself is not in final form it was", "oB8eB0IKP84-00314-00074807-00075011": "robustly debated in the House of Lords", "oB8eB0IKP84-00315-00075012-00075281": "at the beginning of the month it enters", "oB8eB0IKP84-00316-00075282-00075581": "committee stage right now and there are", "oB8eB0IKP84-00317-00075582-00075893": "reports that it will possibly be amended", "oB8eB0IKP84-00318-00075894-00076013": "and in my view it would have been", "oB8eB0IKP84-00319-00076014-00076303": "preferable to wait until we could see", "oB8eB0IKP84-00320-00076304-00076588": "the at least a finalized version of the", "oB8eB0IKP84-00321-00076589-00076829": "bill before debating it again and before", "oB8eB0IKP84-00322-00076830-00077200": "considering the issue of consent however", "oB8eB0IKP84-00323-00077201-00077423": "we are where we are our committee has", "oB8eB0IKP84-00324-00077424-00077806": "published their report our reports on", "oB8eB0IKP84-00325-00077807-00077981": "the bill and the delegated powers law", "oB8eB0IKP84-00326-00077982-00078215": "reform committee is also published a", "oB8eB0IKP84-00327-00078216-00078353": "report and although I'm not speaking for", "oB8eB0IKP84-00328-00078354-00078635": "the committee on this occasion I would", "oB8eB0IKP84-00329-00078636-00078821": "like to take the opportunity to thank", "oB8eB0IKP84-00330-00078822-00079049": "the Constitution committee clerks for", "oB8eB0IKP84-00331-00079050-00079282": "all their work during the scrutiny of", "oB8eB0IKP84-00332-00079283-00079462": "the LCM and the drafting of the final", "oB8eB0IKP84-00333-00079463-00079715": "report and well ultimately my Scottish", "oB8eB0IKP84-00334-00079716-00079879": "conservative colleague Maurice golden", "oB8eB0IKP84-00335-00079880-00080255": "and I did not support the conclusions of", "oB8eB0IKP84-00336-00080256-00080471": "that report I do acknowledge the hard", "oB8eB0IKP84-00337-00080472-00080735": "work of both MSP colleagues and the", "oB8eB0IKP84-00338-00080736-00081053": "clerking team of our committee let me", "oB8eB0IKP84-00339-00081054-00081269": "briefly lay out our position on the bill", "oB8eB0IKP84-00340-00081270-00081503": "itself and I acknowledge there are", "oB8eB0IKP84-00341-00081504-00081665": "several concerns about the rule Bill", "oB8eB0IKP84-00342-00081666-00082061": "especially around time frames I retained", "oB8eB0IKP84-00343-00082062-00082325": "some personal misgivings about various", "oB8eB0IKP84-00344-00082326-00082631": "aspects of the bill but in principle I", "oB8eB0IKP84-00345-00082632-00082829": "do not believe that the Scottish", "oB8eB0IKP84-00346-00082830-00083087": "Parliament should refuse to consent to", "oB8eB0IKP84-00347-00083088-00083375": "the bill the bill in our view rightly", "oB8eB0IKP84-00348-00083376-00083675": "seeks to end the inertia that currently", "oB8eB0IKP84-00349-00083676-00083956": "exists when it comes to retained EU law", "oB8eB0IKP84-00350-00083957-00084143": "on the statute book and while there are", "oB8eB0IKP84-00351-00084144-00084431": "concerns my belief is that we cannot", "oB8eB0IKP84-00352-00084432-00084738": "maintain a kind of statutory stasis", "oB8eB0IKP84-00353-00084739-00085199": "forever and ever we temporarily kept EU", "oB8eB0IKP84-00354-00085200-00085493": "laws in place to smooth the process of", "oB8eB0IKP84-00355-00085494-00085817": "the UK's exit from the EU but this was", "oB8eB0IKP84-00356-00085818-00086129": "always envisaged as a short-term", "oB8eB0IKP84-00357-00086130-00086506": "bridging measure very briefly I thank", "oB8eB0IKP84-00358-00086507-00086638": "the member for taking an intervention", "oB8eB0IKP84-00359-00086639-00086932": "I'm interested in the definition of EU", "oB8eB0IKP84-00360-00086933-00087155": "law because all of these laws were", "oB8eB0IKP84-00361-00087156-00087388": "looked at by the parliaments of the", "oB8eB0IKP84-00362-00087389-00087641": "United Kingdom during the time of our", "oB8eB0IKP84-00363-00087642-00087856": "membership so in fact they are included", "oB8eB0IKP84-00364-00087857-00088018": "on our statute so they could be argued", "oB8eB0IKP84-00365-00088019-00088405": "that they're already UK Scottish Etc law", "oB8eB0IKP84-00366-00088406-00088793": "I'm not sure that they were all on the", "oB8eB0IKP84-00367-00088794-00088967": "statute book and that's a question of", "oB8eB0IKP84-00368-00088968-00089273": "legal interpretation but I certainly", "oB8eB0IKP84-00369-00089274-00089405": "knowledge there were a lot there was a", "oB8eB0IKP84-00370-00089406-00089585": "lot of EU law that was either directly", "oB8eB0IKP84-00371-00089586-00089938": "effective or had been enshrined in UK", "oB8eB0IKP84-00372-00089939-00090173": "law but we're talking about retained EU", "oB8eB0IKP84-00373-00090174-00090449": "law and this is my belief that these", "oB8eB0IKP84-00374-00090450-00090809": "laws cannot now sit inert at infinitive", "oB8eB0IKP84-00375-00090810-00090965": "we have to move forward taking the laws", "oB8eB0IKP84-00376-00090966-00091175": "we want to keep amending and updating", "oB8eB0IKP84-00377-00091176-00091343": "them where necessary and jettisoning", "oB8eB0IKP84-00378-00091344-00091541": "those that are just not relevant or a", "oB8eB0IKP84-00379-00091542-00091744": "contrary to the needs I I won't actually", "oB8eB0IKP84-00380-00091745-00091961": "I've got very little time of either the", "oB8eB0IKP84-00381-00091962-00092171": "UK or Scotland otherwise there will be", "oB8eB0IKP84-00382-00092172-00092362": "two separate statute books with", "oB8eB0IKP84-00383-00092363-00092543": "completely different interpretative", "oB8eB0IKP84-00384-00092544-00092843": "principles and case law and in addition", "oB8eB0IKP84-00385-00092844-00093076": "the so-called dangers of the bill have", "oB8eB0IKP84-00386-00093077-00093299": "in my view been overplayed the UK", "oB8eB0IKP84-00387-00093300-00093431": "government has repeated its commitment", "oB8eB0IKP84-00388-00093432-00093653": "across a number of sectors including", "oB8eB0IKP84-00389-00093654-00093773": "those of international obligations", "oB8eB0IKP84-00390-00093774-00093905": "employment rights Environmental", "oB8eB0IKP84-00391-00093906-00094187": "Protections and in contrast uh presiding", "oB8eB0IKP84-00392-00094188-00094397": "officer the opportunities for the", "oB8eB0IKP84-00393-00094398-00094553": "Scottish government have been downplayed", "oB8eB0IKP84-00394-00094554-00094756": "because it is Scottish government policy", "oB8eB0IKP84-00395-00094757-00095088": "to keep Pace with EU law and this bill", "oB8eB0IKP84-00396-00095089-00095375": "facilitates that the bill allows the", "oB8eB0IKP84-00397-00095376-00095538": "Scottish government to maintain", "oB8eB0IKP84-00398-00095539-00095855": "alignment with EU law and government can", "oB8eB0IKP84-00399-00095856-00096053": "now choose to adopt any EU law that it", "oB8eB0IKP84-00400-00096054-00096311": "sees fit either as primary or secondary", "oB8eB0IKP84-00401-00096312-00096455": "legislation and to that end I understand", "oB8eB0IKP84-00402-00096456-00096659": "UK government officials have offered to", "oB8eB0IKP84-00403-00096660-00096832": "help the Scottish government with the", "oB8eB0IKP84-00404-00096833-00097132": "task of identifying uh what retain to", "oB8eB0IKP84-00405-00097133-00097349": "you law is devolved or resolved or", "oB8eB0IKP84-00406-00097350-00097499": "reserved and I hope the cabinet", "oB8eB0IKP84-00407-00097500-00097655": "secretary will take that offer up", "oB8eB0IKP84-00408-00097656-00097829": "because of course Scotland is best", "oB8eB0IKP84-00409-00097830-00098015": "served when our two governments work", "oB8eB0IKP84-00410-00098016-00098243": "together to conclude then briefly", "oB8eB0IKP84-00411-00098244-00098435": "presiding officer we retain some", "oB8eB0IKP84-00412-00098436-00098579": "misgivings with regard to the time", "oB8eB0IKP84-00413-00098580-00098765": "frames in the bill but we also believe", "oB8eB0IKP84-00414-00098766-00098903": "that the Scottish Department should give", "oB8eB0IKP84-00415-00098904-00099155": "consent to the bill it offers Scotland", "oB8eB0IKP84-00416-00099156-00099449": "an opportunity to remove outdated EU law", "oB8eB0IKP84-00417-00099450-00099611": "which is no longer right for us and", "oB8eB0IKP84-00418-00099612-00099755": "replace it with Scotland specific", "oB8eB0IKP84-00419-00099756-00099965": "legislation and for those reasons we", "oB8eB0IKP84-00420-00099966-00100193": "will against the motion tonight thank", "oB8eB0IKP84-00421-00100194-00100397": "you thank you Mr Cameron I know Colin", "oB8eB0IKP84-00422-00100398-00100573": "Sarah boyak around four minutes please", "oB8eB0IKP84-00423-00100574-00100882": "thank you very much uh presiding officer", "oB8eB0IKP84-00424-00100883-00101111": "Scottish labor has been clear will you", "oB8eB0IKP84-00425-00101112-00101332": "not support this retained EU law Bill", "oB8eB0IKP84-00426-00101333-00101543": "and I'd like to start off by thanking", "oB8eB0IKP84-00427-00101544-00101753": "all those who gave evidence to our seat", "oB8eB0IKP84-00428-00101754-00102076": "committee on its implications and our", "oB8eB0IKP84-00429-00102077-00102287": "clerks for their hard work in helping us", "oB8eB0IKP84-00430-00102288-00102556": "pull together our report my view is that", "oB8eB0IKP84-00431-00102557-00102766": "this bill joins a long list of mistakes", "oB8eB0IKP84-00432-00102767-00102953": "made by this UK conservative government", "oB8eB0IKP84-00433-00102954-00103306": "over the brexit process demonstrating an", "oB8eB0IKP84-00434-00103307-00103516": "obsession with deregulation and", "oB8eB0IKP84-00435-00103517-00103715": "destroying our relationships with our", "oB8eB0IKP84-00436-00103716-00103925": "nearest neighbors without thinking", "oB8eB0IKP84-00437-00103926-00104201": "through the damaging consequences this", "oB8eB0IKP84-00438-00104202-00104525": "bill delivers a legal Cliff Edge its", "oB8eB0IKP84-00439-00104526-00104728": "impact has not been thought through and", "oB8eB0IKP84-00440-00104729-00104890": "it would mean that the UK government has", "oB8eB0IKP84-00441-00104891-00105071": "to consider literally thousands of", "oB8eB0IKP84-00442-00105072-00105316": "pieces of legislation and identify the", "oB8eB0IKP84-00443-00105317-00105569": "ones it wants to keep and that would be", "oB8eB0IKP84-00444-00105570-00105773": "a massive diversion from the current", "oB8eB0IKP84-00445-00105774-00106019": "issues facing our economy and our people", "oB8eB0IKP84-00446-00106020-00106325": "so no I note uh Donald Cameron's", "oB8eB0IKP84-00447-00106326-00106463": "suggestion that our two governments work", "oB8eB0IKP84-00448-00106464-00106757": "together of course I agree with that but", "oB8eB0IKP84-00449-00106758-00107027": "surely there's a better approach because", "oB8eB0IKP84-00450-00107028-00107213": "this bill will create massive", "oB8eB0IKP84-00451-00107214-00107399": "uncertainty and there's a real danger", "oB8eB0IKP84-00452-00107400-00107597": "that important legislation will be", "oB8eB0IKP84-00453-00107598-00107795": "forgot about and will disappear", "oB8eB0IKP84-00454-00107796-00108095": "overnight and the evidence in our SeaTac", "oB8eB0IKP84-00455-00108096-00108265": "committee report published last week", "oB8eB0IKP84-00456-00108266-00108508": "highlighted important concerns about", "oB8eB0IKP84-00457-00108509-00108749": "Disease Control and implications for", "oB8eB0IKP84-00458-00108750-00108952": "People's Health and it was suggested", "oB8eB0IKP84-00459-00108953-00109090": "that we'll see the impact of this bill", "oB8eB0IKP84-00460-00109091-00109277": "when foodstanders drop and Animal", "oB8eB0IKP84-00461-00109278-00109565": "Welfare is undermined and as the rspp", "oB8eB0IKP84-00462-00109566-00109799": "have highlighted this bill puts at risk", "oB8eB0IKP84-00463-00109800-00110063": "air and water quality species and", "oB8eB0IKP84-00464-00110064-00110339": "habitats protections and pesticides and", "oB8eB0IKP84-00465-00110340-00110651": "chemical levels in food and water so", "oB8eB0IKP84-00466-00110652-00110884": "surely it would have been far better to", "oB8eB0IKP84-00467-00110885-00111131": "consider which EU laws we would rather", "oB8eB0IKP84-00468-00111132-00111401": "not have consult with stakeholders so", "oB8eB0IKP84-00469-00111402-00111599": "they're able to get involved carry out", "oB8eB0IKP84-00470-00111600-00111808": "risk assessments ask lawyers about the", "oB8eB0IKP84-00471-00111809-00112001": "legal implications speak to producers", "oB8eB0IKP84-00472-00112002-00112252": "and businesses discuss with campaigners", "oB8eB0IKP84-00473-00112253-00112481": "and trade unions those laws that don't", "oB8eB0IKP84-00474-00112482-00112733": "just need to be retained but also think", "oB8eB0IKP84-00475-00112733-00112973": "about the global climate crisis we're", "oB8eB0IKP84-00476-00112974-00113189": "having and think about how we accelerate", "oB8eB0IKP84-00477-00113190-00113447": "our pace of change I have to say this is", "oB8eB0IKP84-00478-00113448-00113699": "the worst possible time to be deleting", "oB8eB0IKP84-00479-00113700-00113939": "legislation which protects our", "oB8eB0IKP84-00480-00113940-00114034": "environment", "oB8eB0IKP84-00481-00114035-00114328": "it was absolutely striking that", "oB8eB0IKP84-00482-00114329-00114569": "stakeholders are deeply worried about", "oB8eB0IKP84-00483-00114570-00114701": "this bill", "oB8eB0IKP84-00484-00114702-00114947": "Roger Barker director of policing", "oB8eB0IKP84-00485-00114948-00115090": "governance at The Institute of directors", "oB8eB0IKP84-00486-00115091-00115319": "said get into grips with any resulting", "oB8eB0IKP84-00487-00115320-00115552": "regulatory changes will impose a major", "oB8eB0IKP84-00488-00115553-00115781": "new burden on business when it could do", "oB8eB0IKP84-00489-00115782-00115901": "well without", "oB8eB0IKP84-00490-00115902-00116128": "the legislation would undermine workers", "oB8eB0IKP84-00491-00116129-00116357": "rights and the then TUC General", "oB8eB0IKP84-00492-00116358-00116602": "Secretary Francis Grady described this", "oB8eB0IKP84-00493-00116603-00116915": "legislation as a recipe for chaos", "oB8eB0IKP84-00494-00116916-00117083": "and the CBI has said that the government", "oB8eB0IKP84-00495-00117083-00117316": "should instead focus on improving its", "oB8eB0IKP84-00496-00117317-00117497": "trading relationships with the EU I", "oB8eB0IKP84-00497-00117498-00117743": "totally agree we should be rebuilding", "oB8eB0IKP84-00498-00117744-00117899": "our relation to their nearest neighbors", "oB8eB0IKP84-00499-00117900-00118181": "not trashing them further so let's be", "oB8eB0IKP84-00500-00118182-00118451": "clear this bill is bad for business the", "oB8eB0IKP84-00501-00118452-00118793": "economy for trade for workers rights for", "oB8eB0IKP84-00502-00118794-00118990": "health and safety and for environment", "oB8eB0IKP84-00503-00118991-00119297": "and critically it also undermines", "oB8eB0IKP84-00504-00119298-00119536": "Devolution and it's another example of", "oB8eB0IKP84-00505-00119538-00119734": "the Tory government riding roughshod", "oB8eB0IKP84-00506-00119735-00119939": "over the evolution that is not", "oB8eB0IKP84-00507-00119940-00120251": "acceptable so I do hope that as this", "oB8eB0IKP84-00508-00120252-00120377": "bill progresses through the UK", "oB8eB0IKP84-00509-00120378-00120604": "Parliament there will be a refuse a", "oB8eB0IKP84-00510-00120605-00120851": "rethink and be refusing to give consent", "oB8eB0IKP84-00511-00120852-00121115": "I hope our Parliament will play our role", "oB8eB0IKP84-00512-00121116-00121354": "in bringing about that rethink enclosing", "oB8eB0IKP84-00513-00121355-00121595": "presiding officer we cannot forget that", "oB8eB0IKP84-00514-00121596-00121727": "the transfer of power from the", "oB8eB0IKP84-00515-00121728-00121931": "legislature to the executive in this", "oB8eB0IKP84-00516-00121932-00122183": "bill also extends to our Parliament it's", "oB8eB0IKP84-00517-00122183-00122386": "absolutely vital we have parliamentary", "oB8eB0IKP84-00518-00122388-00122710": "transparency and accountability so I'd", "oB8eB0IKP84-00519-00122711-00122873": "be very keen for the cabinet secretary", "oB8eB0IKP84-00520-00122874-00123095": "to publish his government's plans for", "oB8eB0IKP84-00521-00123096-00123328": "alignment to ensure our stakeholders and", "oB8eB0IKP84-00522-00123329-00123490": "our Parliament committees are consulted", "oB8eB0IKP84-00523-00123491-00123827": "Claire Adamson was absolutely right we", "oB8eB0IKP84-00524-00123828-00124025": "need a more comprehensive debate on this", "oB8eB0IKP84-00525-00124026-00124336": "issue our stakeholders our communities", "oB8eB0IKP84-00526-00124338-00124607": "need certainty accountability and", "oB8eB0IKP84-00527-00124608-00124883": "transparency not the legal Cliff Edge", "oB8eB0IKP84-00528-00124883-00125128": "and bad government that this bill will", "oB8eB0IKP84-00529-00125129-00125369": "deliver thank you", "oB8eB0IKP84-00530-00125370-00125615": "thank you Miss poinett I now call on", "oB8eB0IKP84-00531-00125616-00125758": "really ready around four minutes please", "oB8eB0IKP84-00532-00125759-00125957": "Mr Rooney yeah thank you Deputy present", "oB8eB0IKP84-00533-00125958-00126095": "officer in many ways this day was", "oB8eB0IKP84-00534-00126096-00126323": "inevitable as soon as the brexit", "oB8eB0IKP84-00535-00126324-00126539": "referendum was lost and the conservative", "oB8eB0IKP84-00536-00126540-00126778": "government saw a hard brexit cutting", "oB8eB0IKP84-00537-00126779-00127007": "almost all formal arrangements with the", "oB8eB0IKP84-00538-00127008-00127228": "EU there was always going to be a need", "oB8eB0IKP84-00539-00127229-00127504": "to manage this harsh transition the", "oB8eB0IKP84-00540-00127505-00127697": "sheer volume of European law contained", "oB8eB0IKP84-00541-00127698-00127997": "within British law is enormous and to", "oB8eB0IKP84-00542-00127998-00128278": "unpick it is a horrendous task it was", "oB8eB0IKP84-00543-00128279-00128495": "always going to be so in passing I have", "oB8eB0IKP84-00544-00128496-00128723": "to say it is a lesson for those who", "oB8eB0IKP84-00545-00128724-00128878": "argue that Independence would be a", "oB8eB0IKP84-00546-00128879-00129125": "breeze it could be done within 16 months", "oB8eB0IKP84-00547-00129126-00129443": "yet over six years later into the brexit", "oB8eB0IKP84-00548-00129444-00129743": "process we are still disentangling our", "oB8eB0IKP84-00549-00129744-00129919": "relationship with the European Union Yes", "oB8eB0IKP84-00550-00129920-00130151": "I thank the member for giving win just", "oB8eB0IKP84-00551-00130152-00130325": "for the record that my understanding is", "oB8eB0IKP84-00552-00130326-00130499": "that nobody in the independence movement", "oB8eB0IKP84-00553-00130500-00130769": "would suggest that all laws in 1707 be", "oB8eB0IKP84-00554-00130770-00131008": "unpacked or repealed on Independence Day", "oB8eB0IKP84-00555-00131009-00131171": "but will you agree that one of the", "oB8eB0IKP84-00556-00131172-00131333": "things that so the stress thing about", "oB8eB0IKP84-00557-00131334-00131531": "this bill as it's proposing to do", "oB8eB0IKP84-00558-00131532-00131795": "exactly that with 4 000 pieces of extant", "oB8eB0IKP84-00559-00131796-00132059": "law or something region", "oB8eB0IKP84-00560-00132060-00132221": "to be honest I think both movements are", "oB8eB0IKP84-00561-00132222-00132364": "as bad as each other on this they were", "oB8eB0IKP84-00562-00132365-00132533": "they're promising far too much of a", "oB8eB0IKP84-00563-00132534-00132773": "harsh transition far too early within 16", "oB8eB0IKP84-00564-00132774-00133031": "months it was promised within 16 months", "oB8eB0IKP84-00565-00133032-00133163": "an independent state would be", "oB8eB0IKP84-00566-00133164-00133366": "established and we can't go back on that", "oB8eB0IKP84-00567-00133367-00133595": "now I think both movements need to learn", "oB8eB0IKP84-00568-00133596-00133781": "from each other so we don't repeat the", "oB8eB0IKP84-00569-00133782-00134075": "mistakes of the past we were in a formal", "oB8eB0IKP84-00570-00134076-00134249": "arrangement with Europe for just a few", "oB8eB0IKP84-00571-00134250-00134597": "decades and with the United Kingdom for", "oB8eB0IKP84-00572-00134598-00134866": "several centuries so the task would be", "oB8eB0IKP84-00573-00134867-00135221": "enormous but whilst the brexit issues", "oB8eB0IKP84-00574-00135222-00135454": "are wholly predictable there is no doubt", "oB8eB0IKP84-00575-00135455-00135640": "they could have been handled differently", "oB8eB0IKP84-00576-00135641-00135911": "so as to smooth the transition to the", "oB8eB0IKP84-00577-00135912-00136114": "new Arrangement better relationships", "oB8eB0IKP84-00578-00136115-00136319": "with Europe and a more pragmatic", "oB8eB0IKP84-00579-00136320-00136666": "approach with an acceptance of necessary", "oB8eB0IKP84-00580-00136667-00136919": "cooperation would have made this process", "oB8eB0IKP84-00581-00136920-00137135": "easier and it would have allowed for a", "oB8eB0IKP84-00582-00137136-00137297": "greater involvement of the devolved", "oB8eB0IKP84-00583-00137298-00137573": "administrations with the EU retained law", "oB8eB0IKP84-00584-00137574-00137801": "Bill we have a steep Cliff Edge I'll", "oB8eB0IKP84-00585-00137802-00137981": "agree with the minister on that which", "oB8eB0IKP84-00586-00137982-00138269": "Dangerously and blindly dispense these", "oB8eB0IKP84-00587-00138270-00138521": "with thousands of laws without a proper", "oB8eB0IKP84-00588-00138522-00138739": "process with the Scottish Parliament", "oB8eB0IKP84-00589-00138740-00138989": "instead we could have had a more", "oB8eB0IKP84-00590-00138990-00139235": "deliberative process engaging all", "oB8eB0IKP84-00591-00139236-00139445": "interested parties just rightly has", "oB8eB0IKP84-00592-00139446-00139733": "Sarah boyak has highlighted and reducing", "oB8eB0IKP84-00593-00139734-00140045": "the significant and costly errors that", "oB8eB0IKP84-00594-00140046-00140357": "could be forthcoming the unwise process", "oB8eB0IKP84-00595-00140358-00140543": "has also enabled as we've witnessed", "oB8eB0IKP84-00596-00140544-00140747": "today the Scottish government to indulge", "oB8eB0IKP84-00597-00140748-00141064": "sometimes in Wild hyperbole speculating", "oB8eB0IKP84-00598-00141065-00141299": "about dire consequences without being", "oB8eB0IKP84-00599-00141300-00141569": "able to specifically identify actual", "oB8eB0IKP84-00600-00141570-00141790": "harms and it is important we understand", "oB8eB0IKP84-00601-00141791-00142085": "the actual harms so with that in mind", "oB8eB0IKP84-00602-00142086-00142354": "I'm still intrigued as to how and when", "oB8eB0IKP84-00603-00142355-00142547": "the Scottish government has used its", "oB8eB0IKP84-00604-00142548-00142835": "keeping Pace powers granted by this", "oB8eB0IKP84-00605-00142836-00143051": "Parliament we worked hard with the", "oB8eB0IKP84-00606-00143052-00143302": "government to agree these measures so", "oB8eB0IKP84-00607-00143303-00143561": "I'm slightly surprised we still don't", "oB8eB0IKP84-00608-00143562-00143885": "know how many times it has been deployed", "oB8eB0IKP84-00609-00143886-00144064": "in fact when I raised this issue in the", "oB8eB0IKP84-00610-00144065-00144340": "the last debate about brexit the", "oB8eB0IKP84-00611-00144341-00144490": "employment Minister Richard lockhead", "oB8eB0IKP84-00612-00144491-00144628": "didn't have a clue what I was talking", "oB8eB0IKP84-00613-00144629-00144785": "about he seemed to think it was", "oB8eB0IKP84-00614-00144786-00144983": "something to do with securing employment", "oB8eB0IKP84-00615-00144984-00145199": "for people who had been made redundant", "oB8eB0IKP84-00616-00145200-00145397": "we need a government that's on top of", "oB8eB0IKP84-00617-00145398-00145637": "its game with keeping Pace Powers but it", "oB8eB0IKP84-00618-00145638-00145913": "seems to have neglected that power for", "oB8eB0IKP84-00619-00145914-00146140": "itself we were the strongest voice", "oB8eB0IKP84-00620-00146141-00146440": "against brexit in the UK we were right", "oB8eB0IKP84-00621-00146441-00146716": "to oppose brexit it should not however", "oB8eB0IKP84-00622-00146717-00146939": "be used as some means to an", "oB8eB0IKP84-00623-00146940-00147257": "independent's end it's far too important", "oB8eB0IKP84-00624-00147258-00147514": "for that we need partnership with our", "oB8eB0IKP84-00625-00147515-00147737": "neighbors not using it as some political", "oB8eB0IKP84-00626-00147738-00148013": "purpose so despite our criticism of the", "oB8eB0IKP84-00627-00148014-00148216": "Scottish government's handling and their", "oB8eB0IKP84-00628-00148217-00148475": "exotic hyperbole at times we will", "oB8eB0IKP84-00629-00148476-00148661": "support the government to withhold", "oB8eB0IKP84-00630-00148662-00148883": "consent the conservative government have", "oB8eB0IKP84-00631-00148884-00149177": "made an absolute hash of brexit they've", "oB8eB0IKP84-00632-00149178-00149411": "managed to damage our economy and", "oB8eB0IKP84-00633-00149412-00149723": "they've weakened our country if only we", "oB8eB0IKP84-00634-00149724-00149902": "had two governments who could work", "oB8eB0IKP84-00635-00149903-00150178": "together if all we had governments that", "oB8eB0IKP84-00636-00150179-00150623": "would seek pragmatic Solutions", "oB8eB0IKP84-00637-00150624-00150821": "really and I now call on cabinet", "oB8eB0IKP84-00638-00150822-00151054": "secretary Angus Robertson to wind up on", "oB8eB0IKP84-00639-00151055-00151187": "behalf of the Scottish government up to", "oB8eB0IKP84-00640-00151188-00151325": "four minutes please thank you very much", "oB8eB0IKP84-00641-00151326-00151516": "presiding officer and and sincere thanks", "oB8eB0IKP84-00642-00151517-00151666": "to everybody that took part in this", "oB8eB0IKP84-00643-00151667-00151954": "short debate I can just briefly feedback", "oB8eB0IKP84-00644-00151955-00152219": "on on those contributions if I may uh", "oB8eB0IKP84-00645-00152220-00152387": "Claire Adamson the convener of the", "oB8eB0IKP84-00646-00152388-00152573": "Constitution committee highlighted the", "oB8eB0IKP84-00647-00152574-00152789": "overwhelming strength of evidence to the", "oB8eB0IKP84-00648-00152790-00153059": "committee about how damaging this", "oB8eB0IKP84-00649-00153060-00153328": "legislation is", "oB8eB0IKP84-00650-00153329-00153485": "um Donald Cameron from the conservative", "oB8eB0IKP84-00651-00153486-00153725": "front bench suggested it was premature", "oB8eB0IKP84-00652-00153726-00154049": "to decline legislative consent I would", "oB8eB0IKP84-00653-00154050-00154175": "have to say to him though that given", "oB8eB0IKP84-00654-00154176-00154409": "everything that we know about this bill", "oB8eB0IKP84-00655-00154410-00154619": "so far and indeed the evidence has been", "oB8eB0IKP84-00656-00154620-00154823": "presented to the committee I do not", "oB8eB0IKP84-00657-00154824-00154973": "agree with him that this Parliament", "oB8eB0IKP84-00658-00154974-00155201": "should give the UK government a blank", "oB8eB0IKP84-00659-00155202-00155561": "check to continue and he called on the", "oB8eB0IKP84-00660-00155562-00155687": "UK and Scottish governments to work", "oB8eB0IKP84-00661-00155688-00155975": "together ignoring the fact that the UK", "oB8eB0IKP84-00662-00155976-00156257": "government has ignored all amendments", "oB8eB0IKP84-00663-00156258-00156545": "supported by the Scottish and Welsh", "oB8eB0IKP84-00664-00156546-00156778": "government again reason why even at this", "oB8eB0IKP84-00665-00156779-00157019": "late stage they should reconsider their", "oB8eB0IKP84-00666-00157020-00157195": "opposition to granting legislative", "oB8eB0IKP84-00667-00157196-00157513": "consent to Sarah boyak", "oB8eB0IKP84-00668-00157514-00157704": "who", "oB8eB0IKP84-00669-00157705-00158021": "began her contribution by pointing out", "oB8eB0IKP84-00670-00158022-00158369": "in an eminently sensible way uh how an", "oB8eB0IKP84-00671-00158370-00158519": "alternative course of action could have", "oB8eB0IKP84-00672-00158520-00158795": "been proceeded with were there pieces of", "oB8eB0IKP84-00673-00158796-00159035": "retained EU law in the statute book that", "oB8eB0IKP84-00674-00159036-00159233": "needed to be sunsetted in any way", "oB8eB0IKP84-00675-00159234-00159376": "perfectly", "oB8eB0IKP84-00676-00159377-00159575": "um able to have done that but what the", "oB8eB0IKP84-00677-00159576-00159725": "UK government has done is they've turned", "oB8eB0IKP84-00678-00159726-00159923": "the whole process on its head forcing", "oB8eB0IKP84-00679-00159924-00160126": "every single piece of European", "oB8eB0IKP84-00680-00160127-00160373": "legislation devolved reserved and in", "oB8eB0IKP84-00681-00160374-00160721": "between to face sun setting and can I", "oB8eB0IKP84-00682-00160722-00161075": "say I I very much welcome the opposition", "oB8eB0IKP84-00683-00161076-00161413": "of the labor party to giving legislative", "oB8eB0IKP84-00684-00161414-00161693": "consent uh to Willie Rennie and the", "oB8eB0IKP84-00685-00161694-00161866": "liberal Democrats a party that now", "oB8eB0IKP84-00686-00161867-00162052": "accept and are prepared to live with", "oB8eB0IKP84-00687-00162053-00162316": "brexit and can I say to him as I have", "oB8eB0IKP84-00688-00162317-00162635": "said to him before when he appeals for", "oB8eB0IKP84-00689-00162636-00162785": "the Scottish government to work with the", "oB8eB0IKP84-00690-00162786-00163007": "UK government on matters I have", "oB8eB0IKP84-00691-00163008-00163247": "I have written repeatedly to the UK", "oB8eB0IKP84-00692-00163248-00163528": "government on this we have published uh", "oB8eB0IKP84-00693-00163529-00163804": "amendments which are supported also by", "oB8eB0IKP84-00694-00163805-00164063": "colleagues in the Welsh government none", "oB8eB0IKP84-00695-00164064-00164273": "of which none of which have been", "oB8eB0IKP84-00696-00164274-00164543": "accepted to so to suggest that there's a", "oB8eB0IKP84-00697-00164544-00164837": "an issue of equidistance in critique", "oB8eB0IKP84-00698-00164838-00165004": "which he was making in his contribution", "oB8eB0IKP84-00699-00165005-00165295": "I reject and", "oB8eB0IKP84-00700-00165296-00165635": "notwithstanding that I welcome the uh", "oB8eB0IKP84-00701-00165636-00165790": "support by the Scottish liberal", "oB8eB0IKP84-00702-00165791-00165995": "Democrats to withhold legislative", "oB8eB0IKP84-00703-00165996-00166151": "consent", "oB8eB0IKP84-00704-00166152-00166366": "um uh today", "oB8eB0IKP84-00705-00166367-00166583": "um May I just draw attention to a number", "oB8eB0IKP84-00706-00166584-00166828": "of things in in the short time that I", "oB8eB0IKP84-00707-00166829-00167195": "have left presiding uh officer", "oB8eB0IKP84-00708-00167196-00167423": "um in terms of questions such as what", "oB8eB0IKP84-00709-00167424-00167614": "Scottish ministers get Paris to preserve", "oB8eB0IKP84-00710-00167615-00167933": "and amend uh retained EU law and", "oB8eB0IKP84-00711-00167934-00168107": "therefore the concern of UK ministers", "oB8eB0IKP84-00712-00168108-00168311": "acting in devolved areas without consent", "oB8eB0IKP84-00713-00168312-00168623": "is overstated no it's not the bill does", "oB8eB0IKP84-00714-00168624-00168797": "give devolve ministers powers to", "oB8eB0IKP84-00715-00168798-00169121": "preserve revoken amend uh rule but UK", "oB8eB0IKP84-00716-00169122-00169354": "ministers are able to revoke rule in", "oB8eB0IKP84-00717-00169355-00169654": "devolved areas at any time even prior to", "oB8eB0IKP84-00718-00169655-00170033": "and even after the 2023 sunset with no", "oB8eB0IKP84-00719-00170034-00170297": "requirement no requirement for consent", "oB8eB0IKP84-00720-00170298-00170597": "how can we possibly Grant a blank check", "oB8eB0IKP84-00721-00170598-00170752": "to the UK government in these", "oB8eB0IKP84-00722-00170753-00171047": "circumstances moreover only UK ministers", "oB8eB0IKP84-00723-00171048-00171421": "have powers to extend the Sunset date to", "oB8eB0IKP84-00724-00171422-00171766": "2026. so the balance of power is unequal", "oB8eB0IKP84-00725-00171767-00171935": "all of this all of this could have been", "oB8eB0IKP84-00726-00171936-00172097": "solved could have been solved in the", "oB8eB0IKP84-00727-00172098-00172240": "House of Commons could be solved in the", "oB8eB0IKP84-00728-00172241-00172402": "House of Lords at this present time if", "oB8eB0IKP84-00729-00172403-00172559": "the Scottish conservative and unionist", "oB8eB0IKP84-00730-00172560-00172769": "party was prepared to go", "oB8eB0IKP84-00731-00172770-00172978": "um and make the case for the UK", "oB8eB0IKP84-00732-00172979-00173195": "government who knows maybe they might be", "oB8eB0IKP84-00733-00173196-00173333": "listened to but we heard none of that", "oB8eB0IKP84-00734-00173334-00173459": "none of that from the conservative", "oB8eB0IKP84-00735-00173460-00173807": "benches uh today on the issue of time", "oB8eB0IKP84-00736-00173808-00174004": "scale and decision making something that", "oB8eB0IKP84-00737-00174005-00174185": "Sarah boyak has raised repeatedly and", "oB8eB0IKP84-00738-00174186-00174401": "rightly so she is absolutely right in", "oB8eB0IKP84-00739-00174402-00174593": "this no preservation or other", "oB8eB0IKP84-00740-00174594-00174761": "instruments can be made under the bill", "oB8eB0IKP84-00741-00174762-00174995": "unless and until it has received Royals", "oB8eB0IKP84-00742-00174996-00175313": "percent as an enforce which is expected", "oB8eB0IKP84-00743-00175314-00175576": "to be around May 2023 once this has", "oB8eB0IKP84-00744-00175577-00175781": "happened the Scottish government would", "oB8eB0IKP84-00745-00175782-00175973": "intend to lay secondary legislation to", "oB8eB0IKP84-00746-00175974-00176219": "seek to ensure that laws are not lost at", "oB8eB0IKP84-00747-00176220-00176459": "the end of 2023 and I would be content", "oB8eB0IKP84-00748-00176460-00176681": "to come back in a further and extend the", "oB8eB0IKP84-00749-00176682-00176921": "debate to talk through how that may work", "oB8eB0IKP84-00750-00176922-00177125": "and and hopefully provide the assurances", "oB8eB0IKP84-00751-00177126-00177364": "that Sarah boyak it requires I'm happy", "oB8eB0IKP84-00752-00177365-00177557": "to give very briefly", "oB8eB0IKP84-00753-00177558-00177785": "can I say as soon as we can get that", "oB8eB0IKP84-00754-00177786-00177995": "that would be very important and if you", "oB8eB0IKP84-00755-00177996-00178133": "could refer sorry if the cabinet", "oB8eB0IKP84-00756-00178134-00178397": "secretary could refer to the references", "oB8eB0IKP84-00757-00178398-00178613": "in the seat committee report that would", "oB8eB0IKP84-00758-00178614-00178840": "be very helpful section absolutely", "oB8eB0IKP84-00759-00178841-00179038": "unhappy to I'm sure Sarah boyak does", "oB8eB0IKP84-00760-00179039-00179195": "understand that we're still in the", "oB8eB0IKP84-00761-00179196-00179326": "middle of a process of trying to", "oB8eB0IKP84-00762-00179327-00179501": "understand the course of action be", "oB8eB0IKP84-00763-00179502-00179752": "pursued by the UK government so as soon", "oB8eB0IKP84-00764-00179753-00179890": "as we have Clarity on that we're trying", "oB8eB0IKP84-00765-00179891-00180131": "to work with them to understand how", "oB8eB0IKP84-00766-00180132-00180287": "things will proceed we'll be able to", "oB8eB0IKP84-00767-00180288-00180443": "come back to Parliament I wish to be", "oB8eB0IKP84-00768-00180444-00180569": "able to do that as soon as possible", "oB8eB0IKP84-00769-00180570-00180761": "presiding officer I mentioned in my", "oB8eB0IKP84-00770-00180762-00181007": "opening remarks that since 2018 this", "oB8eB0IKP84-00771-00181008-00181223": "Parliament has been ignored on six", "oB8eB0IKP84-00772-00181224-00181445": "occasions when voting to withdraw", "oB8eB0IKP84-00773-00181446-00181723": "withhold consent to a UK government bill", "oB8eB0IKP84-00774-00181724-00181990": "regardless I urge members to vote in", "oB8eB0IKP84-00775-00181991-00182237": "favor of the motion today to agree with", "oB8eB0IKP84-00776-00182238-00182452": "the recommendation to withhold consent", "oB8eB0IKP84-00777-00182453-00182675": "for this bill the UK government may not", "oB8eB0IKP84-00778-00182676-00182843": "be listening but the people of Scotland", "oB8eB0IKP84-00779-00182844-00183088": "are workers whose employment rights are", "oB8eB0IKP84-00780-00183089-00183293": "at risk because of this bill they will", "oB8eB0IKP84-00781-00183294-00183490": "hear consumers who want higher food", "oB8eB0IKP84-00782-00183491-00183731": "standards zabel here those who benefit", "oB8eB0IKP84-00783-00183732-00183983": "from and value the high quality in the", "oB8eB0IKP84-00784-00183984-00184204": "Scottish environment they will hear and", "oB8eB0IKP84-00785-00184205-00184414": "business wanting to avoid even more", "oB8eB0IKP84-00786-00184415-00184588": "barriers to accessing the European", "oB8eB0IKP84-00787-00184589-00184787": "market they will here to presiding", "oB8eB0IKP84-00788-00184788-00184985": "officer I urge this Parliament to add", "oB8eB0IKP84-00789-00184986-00185225": "its voice to the already loud chorus", "oB8eB0IKP84-00790-00185226-00185416": "from across Scotland and the United", "oB8eB0IKP84-00791-00185417-00185645": "Kingdom who are opposed to this bill and", "oB8eB0IKP84-00792-00185646-00185825": "vote in favor of the motion thank you", "oB8eB0IKP84-00793-00185826-00186011": "very much", "oB8eB0IKP84-00794-00186012-00186178": "thank you Capital secretary that", "oB8eB0IKP84-00795-00186179-00186335": "concludes the debate on routine to you", "oB8eB0IKP84-00796-00186336-00186490": "law revocation Reform Bill UK", "oB8eB0IKP84-00797-00186491-00186623": "legislation there'll be a very short", "oB8eB0IKP84-00798-00186624-00186749": "pause before we move on to the next", "oB8eB0IKP84-00799-00186750-00186983": "announcement business to allow anybody", "oB8eB0IKP84-00800-00186984-00187109": "to change positions should do which", "oB8eB0IKP84-00801-00187110-00187763": "thinking", "oB8eB0IKP84-00802-00187764-00188064": "foreign"}}]