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fluoroquinolones fqs represent a L1 class of antimicrobials that have a high potential as therapeutic agents although fqs are generally safe for the use as antimicrobials they may induce tendinopathic complications such as tendinitis and tendon rupture a number of AF have been suggested to further predispose a patient to such injuries hitherto a few published cases on tendon disorders have implicated levofloxacin a more recently introduced fq here we report a patient with levofloxacininduced achilles tendinitis who exhibited no known predisposing AF a yearold man without any PH of disease or medication presented with communityacquired pneumonia levofloxacin was administered and days later he complained of pain in the left AT and revealed redness and swelling in the area on suspecting achilles tendinitis levofloxacin treatment was discontinued and the tendinitis subsequently improved to our knowledge this is the first case report on fqinduced achilles tendinitis in korea | MEDAL |
adamantane and oseltamivir resistance among influenza viruses is a L1 concern to public health officials to determine the prevalence of antiviralresistant influenza viruses in guangdong china seasonal a hn and pandemic a hn viruses were screened for oseltamivir resistance by a fluorescencebased neuraminidase na inhibition assay along with na gene sequencing also seasonal a hn viruses were sequenced to detect adamantane resistance markers in m adamantaneresistant seasonal a hn viruses clustering to clade c were dominant in followed by oseltamivirresistant seasonal a hn viruses clustering to clade b during january and may in june a lineage of doubleresistant seasonal a hn viruses emerged until it was replaced by the pandemic a hn viruses the lineage most likely resulted from reassortment under the pressure of the overuse of adamantanes as all viruses were resistant to at least one of the two types of antiviral agents the need for close monitoring of the prevalence of antiviral resistance is stressed | MEDAL |
in this study bone marrowderived mesenchymal stem cells mscs adiposederived mesenchymal stem cells ascs and dedifferentiated chondrocytes were transfected with sox and genes sox trio and grown under pellet SC conditions encapsulated in a fibrin hydrogel to evaluate the chondrogenic potential in vitro and in vivo rtpcr RT quantitative pcr qpcr histology and immunohistochemical assays were performed to determine the chondrogenic potential of the stem cells and dedifferentiated chondrocytes chondrogenic genes and proteins were more highly expressed in sox trioexpressing cells than in untransfected cells in addition not only TPS genes and proteins but cartilageforming tissues were observed in nude mice transplanted with fibrin hydrogel encapsulated sox trioexpressing mscs ascs and dedifferentiated chondrocytes both in vitro and in vivo analyses revealed that Fn hydrogel encapsulated cultured or transplanted cells transfected with the sox trio successfully differentiated into mature chondrocytes and could be used for the reconstruction of hyaline articular cartilage | MEDAL |
the present study investigates the combined effect of diet physical exercise and orlistat for weeks on SS antimüllerian hormone amh C2 in overweight and obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome pcos and in overweight and obese controls sixtyone selected women with pcos and overweight and obese controls followed an energyrestricted diet physical exercise plus orlistat administration mg times per day for weeks at baseline week and week serum C2 of amh fsh lh prl androgens sex hormonebinding AHG shbg gl and insulin were measured and free androgen index fai and insulin resistance ir indices were calculated in pcos women serum amh levels increased T3 and weeks of treatment T3 weeks lh and shbg were increased while testosterone decreased after and weeks fai was decreased and all indices of ir were significantly improved we concluded that in overweight and obese women with pcos orlistat administration combined with diet and PE for weeks resulted in significant WL improvement of HA and insulin sensitivity and increased SS amh C2 | MEDAL |
the aim of this T0 was to investigate pharmaceutical potentialities of a polymeric microparticulate drug delivery system for modulating the drug profile of poorly watersoluble quercetin in this research work two cost ERP polymers SA and chitosan were used for entrapping the model drug quercetin through ionic cross linking method in vitro drug release swelling index drug entrapment efficiency fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy ftir scanning electron microscopy sem xray diffraction xrd and differential scanning calorimetric dsc studies were also done for physicochemical characterization of the formulations swelling index and drug PR study were done at a ph of and to evaluate the gi mimetic action which entails that the swelling and PR of the all the formulation f formulation f and formulation f at ph were minimal confirming the prevention of drug release in the acidic environment of stomach comparatively more sustained release was seen from the formulations f f at ph and ph after h of drug PR profiling drug entrapment efficiency of the formulations shows in f dca was approximately whereas the increase in chitosan concentration in f dca has shown an entrapment efficiency of but the comparative further increase of chitosan concentration in f dca has shown a entrapment of which is not having any remarkable difference from f the ftir analysis of drug polymers and the formulations indicated the compatibility of the drug with the polymers the smoothness of microspheres in f f was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy sem however f microsphere has shown more irregular shape comparatively the dsc studies indicated the absence of drugpolymer interaction in the microspheres our xrd studies have revealed that when pure drug exhibits crystalline structure with less dissolution profile formulated MPs can help us to obtain amorphous form of the same drug that is likely to have more dissolution property the findings of the study suggest that the microsphere formulations were a promising carrier for quercetin delivery and can be considered as a favorable oral controlled PR dosage form for hydrophobic drug quercetin | MEDAL |
kupffer cells kcs have a major role in liver injury and cysteinylleukotrienes cyslts are known to be involved as well the kcmediated pathways for the production and secretion of cyslt in cholestatic CL injury have not yet been elucidated here we hypothesized that kc activation by tolllike receptor ligands results in cysltmediated microcirculatory alterations and CL injury in acute cholestasis we hypothesized further that this situation is associated with changes in the secretion and production of cyslt one week T3 BDL bdl livers showed typical histological signs of cholestatic liver injury associated microcirculatory disturbances caused increased basal and maximal portal pressure following kc activation these differences were determined in bdl livers compared with shamoperated livers in vivo kc activation by lps mgkg bw and in isolated perfused organs kc activation by zymosan a μgml treatment with the lipoxygenase inhibitor mk alone did not alter portal perfusion pressure lactate dehydrogenase ldh efflux or bile duct proliferation in bdl animals following kc activation portal perfusion pressure increased the degree of cell injury was att by mk μm treatment as estimated by ldh efflux in normal rats a large amount of cyslt efflux was found in the bile only a minor amount was found in the effluent perfusate in bdl livers the kcmediated cyslt efflux into the sinusoidal system increased although the absolute cyslt level was still grossly lower than the biliary excretion in shamoperated livers in conclusion our results indicate that treatment with cyslt inhibitors might be a relevant target for attenuating cholestatic CL damage | MEDAL |
the use of digitalis in pulmonary HR disease has been a topic of great interest for a number of years the physicians decision to use or not to use digitalis in pulmonary disease has often been an emotional rather than a reasoned one the diagnostic difficulties from a clinical point of view in separation of pulmonary from cardiac PS and findings have also been confusing the fact that small doses of digitalis may have an inotropic effect on the cardiac muscle has been a difficult concept for many physicians to adopt on the other hand the larger doses of digitalis that are often necessary to control the ventricular response in supraventricular arrhythmias sometimes gives rise to confusion we shall attempt to review the subject in detail and examine indications contraindications toxicity dosage assessment of benefit and role of digitalis SS C2 in patient management | MEDAL |
in cases of insulin dependent diabetics blood C2 of gl cpeptide CR cpr free HFA and catecholamines were followed after the intravenous tolbutamide response test plasma cpr was low and did not respond to tolbutamide injection and blood C2 of gl and free HFA did not NC during the test fifteen min T3 the tolbutamide i.t. plasma EN plus norepinephrine and norepinephrine levels fell to and of the initial values respectively these results suggest that decrease in the blood gl and free HFA levels usually observed after tolbutamide i.t. is not the direct action of drug but is secondary to insulin secretion and tolbutamideinduced decrease in catecholamines may contribute to the secretion of insulin from the pancreatic betacells | MEDAL |
human mitochondria contain their own genome encoding polypeptides that are synthesized within the organelle the molecular processes that govern and facilitate this mitochondrial translation remain unclear many key AF have yet to be characterizedfor example those required for translation termination all other systems have two classes of PR AF that either promote codonspecific hydrolysis of peptidyltrna class i or lack specificity but stimulate the dissociation of class i factors from the ribosome class ii one human mitochondrial protein has been previously identified in silico as a putative member of the class i release factors although we could not confirm the function of this factor we report the identification of a different mitochondrial protein mtrfa that is capable in vitro and in vivo of terminating translation at uaauag codons further mtrfa SD in hela cells led to compromised growth in galactose and increased production of reactive oxygen species | MEDAL |
congenital NM disorders such as DMD dmd spinal muscular atrophy sma and pompe disease acid maltase deficiency amd are candidates for universal P0 screening nbs in this article we discuss the future path of nbs for these disorders with particular emphasis on dmd nbs because of the likely approval of new genemodifying treatments the possible benefits of earlier treatment with corticosteroids and the recently demonstrated feasibility of a tiered RPA to nbs with screening by creatine kinase ck levels in dried blood spots followed by mutation PCD in those with elevated ck the cystic fibrosis cf nbs program is a successful MM for nbs cf outcomes have consistently improved into adulthood following introduction of cf nbs because considerable resources have been devoted to practices that include attention to improving laboratory screening consistent confirmatory testing and immediate referral of all newly diagnosed infants to designated cf care centers that follow established practice guidelines and ongoing DUE of cf care centers via a centralized clinical DB like cf dmd sma and infantile amd are inexorably debilitating and require lifetime multidisciplinary clinical management nbs would address the delays in diagnosis that prevent patients from receiving timely treatments standardized care following early diagnosis would reduce disparities in clinical care and outcomes nbs in these NM disorders should be implemented utilizing lessons learned from the past years of cf nbs standardized protocols for all patients identified by dmd nbs longitudinal followup in multidisciplinary clinics and coordinated oversight of these clinics | MEDAL |
this T0 examined the association between selfidentified childhood sexual abuse and breastfeeding initiation a nationally representative sample of parents with children younger than years was surveyed by telephone about childrearing needs respondents were asked to report CSA and breastfeeding practices responses of biological mothers were analyzed a possible association between selfreported CSA and breastfeeding initiation was investigated through multivariate logistic regression seven percent of the respondents reported experiencing childhood sexual abuse women who reported childhood sexual abuse were more than twice adjusted odds ratio confidence interval p as likely to initiate BF compared with women who did not report childhood sexual abuse parenting attitudes and behaviors were compared to consider whether greater concern with parenting is an explanation for this association in this nationally representative sample selfidentified CSA is associated with an increased likelihood of breastfeeding initiation | MEDAL |
in a prospective randomized study with male patients scheduled for ACB grafting we investigated the influence of pulsatile and nonpulsatile perfusion mode on RCC leukocytes platelets hematocrit concentrations of thromboxane txb ketoprostaglandin f alpha ketopgf alpha plasma hemoglobin pmnelastase complement ca clotting factor xii lactate plasmatic inhibitors cinh atiii AP arteriovenous oxygen difference avdo and hemodynamic parameters changes in hematocrit were similar in both groups whereas plasma hemoglobin concentration was significantly higher with pulsatile perfusion PLT count paralleled changes in hematocrit and was not influenced by the perfusion mode leukocyte count as well as concentrations of pmnelastase and ca showed a strong increase during CP bypass but there were no significant differences between the two groups similar changes of the concentrations of txb and PGI2 were noted irrespective of the perfusion mode applied the observed alterations in the concentrations of clotting factor xii alpha antiplasmin atiii and cinh largely paralleled hematocrit changes in either flow mode significant differences between the two CG were found with lactate with nonpulsatile perfusion there was a slight but continuous increase while with pulsatile flow lactate levels remained unchanged there was no evidence for a better oxygen uptake avdo with pulsatile perfusion PP seems to be advantageous to tissue perfusion however at the cost of a higher rate of hemolysis we cannot confirm further salutary effects of the pulsatile perfusion mode with the pumpsystem on cellular and humoral blood constituentsabstract truncated at words | MEDAL |
a flatpanel xray imaging detector is being investigated for digital radiography and fluoroscopy the detector uses a layer of amorphous selenium ase to convert x rays to a charge image which is then electronically read out with a 2DE array of thin film TFTs tfts in order to sensitize the ase SL to x rays a HV of the order of several thousand volts is applied to its top surface the tfts which are at the bottom surface of the ase SL are not subjected to any high voltage under normal radiological operational conditions since the pixel potential is v however under a fault condition where these two events occur simultaneously suspended detector scan and an xray SE more than ten times higher than normal the Vc on the tfts could rise to a damaging value this paper describes a method for protecting the tfts from high voltage damage under this fault condition it employs a dualgate tft structure one gate is for scanning control and the other is connected to the pixel electrode for high voltage protection before the pixel potential reaches a damaging value the protection gate turns on the tft automatically and drains excess charge away from the pixel thus providing a safe pixel saturation potential in this paper the characteristic curves of dualgate tfts are studied both theoretically and experimentally the pixel xray response for imaging detectors with HV protection are predicted and it is shown that with practical tft designs the detector can provide a safe pixel saturation potential as well as satisfy the DR required for diagnostic xray imaging applications | MEDAL |
fear learning depends on prediction error or the discrepancy between the actual and resis antibody labeling of lower mol wt polypeptides indicated that both phosphorylation sites were located at least kd from the end of the tail a nonphosphorylated fragment that was insoluble at LIS due to polymerization proved to be an internal cleavage product of the tail a segment of this fragment necessary for polymerization was mapped adjacent to the phosphorylation sites | MEDAL |
bronchial secretions from children with various respiratory diseases and from HCs were tested for concentration of ceruloplasmin HPT and transferrin highest protein levels were observed in children with bronchiectasis and cystic fibrosis the protein levels were correlated with the intensity of the inflammatory process | MEDAL |
this paper discusses metastatic disease of the temporal bone and illustrates its discussion with a case PH the incidence signs symptoms and treatment generally recorded are discussed the histopathology of such lesions as well as a documentation of those organ systems most likely to provide temporal bone M1 spread is noted as the primary neoplasias of the temporal bone M1 disease may coexist with or mimic chronic otitis media it is the wary surgeon who carefully analyzed his patient the history the intensity of recognizing neoplasia with or without associated chronic otitis media | MEDAL |
the effects of phenothiazineclass antipsychotics chlorpromazine FLU PTZ promazine thioridazine and triflupromazine upon the CF of the cloned αâ subunit of the human nicotinic acetylcholine receptor expressed in xenopus oocytes were tested using the twoelectrode voltageclamp technique FLU thioridazine triflupromazine chlorpromazine and PZ reversibly inhibited acetylcholine μminduced currents with icâ â values of and μm respectively unsubstituted PTZ did not have a significant effect up to a concentration of μm inhibition was further characterized using fluphenazine the strongest inhibitor the effect of FLU was not dependent on the membrane potential FLU μm did not affect the activity of endogenous ca²âºdependent clâ» channels since the extent of inhibition by FLU was unaltered by intracellular i.t. of the ca²⺠chelator bapta and perfusion with ca²âºfree bathing solution containing mm ba²⺠inhibition by FLU but not by chlorpromazine was reversed by increasing acetylcholine concentrations furthermore TPS IB of ¹²âµi αbungarotoxin a radioligand selective for αânicotinic acetylcholine receptor was inhibited by FLU μm but not by chlorpromazine in oocyte CM in hippocampal slices epibatidineevoked ³h norepinephrine PR was also inhibited by fluphenazine μm and chlorpromazine μm our results indicate that phenothiazineclass typical antipsychotics inhibit with varying potencies the CF of αânicotinic acetylcholine receptor | MEDAL |
acute posterior dislocation of the sternoclavicular joint is a rare but dangerous injury that is often difficult to diagnose because of late closure of the medial clavicular epiphysis epiphyseal disruption must be taken into consideration in patients up to years of age with an apparent diagnosis decabde was photolytically labile and formed debromination products in all matrices studied nona to tetrabdes were formed as well as some pbdfs the halflives in toluene and on ODS were less than min and halflives on other matrices ranged between and h no differences were seen in the debromination pattern of bde congeners sequentially formed in the different matrices or under different light conditions however the debromination rates were strongly dependent on the matrix with longer halflives on natural matrices than artificial ones | MEDAL |
exercise electrocardiography was performed in asymptomatic male volunteers with a mean age of years the r wave and total rs amplitude and the magnitude of physiologic st segment depression at the j junction were quantitated for a modified BP cc lead and a vertically oriented BP lead vl using computeraveraged groups of consecutive qrs complexes from each of seven stages of rest and exercise computergenerated xy plots were used to examine the correlations between the magnitude of st depression and the r wave and total rs amplitudes the magnitude of st depression and of the r wave amplitude were unrelated at standing rest but showed increasing correlation with progressive increases in exercise HR rate rho coefficient p at VO2max the total rs amplitude was also related to the magnitude of st depression during exercise but the correlations did not improve progressively with increases in exercise heart rate the magnitude of st depression was more closely related to r wave amplitude and total rs amplitude in the vertically oriented lead than in the cc lead these data demonstrate a significant relation between the magnitude of r wave and total rs amplitudes and the magnitude of physiologic st segment depression in normal subjects during exercise they suggest the need for DUE of st depression QTc for r wave amplitude in an attempt to improve the DA of the exercise electrocardiogram the data also suggest that the criteria for abnormal st depression should take into consideration the different r wave voltages reflected by different types of recording leads | MEDAL |
the aim of our T0 was to examine whether there is an association between blood pressure CR to the CP test in african americans who engaged in different C2 of PCS activity we examined the systolic pressure diastolic pressure mean arterial blood pressure HR rate cardiac index TPR resistance and forearm blood flow during a twominute CPT in aerobic physically active and physically inactive normotensive young adult africanamerican males peak oxygen consumption varied as a CF of PCS activity and was significantly higher in the physically active than in the physically inactive subjects vs ml kg min p during the cold pressor test consisting of immersing the foot in ice water the change in cardiovascular responses were similar between the physically active and the physically inactive CG these results suggest that regular physical activity may not contribute to an att blood pressure response to behavioral stress of the CPT in normotens produce high C2 of thyroid autoantibodies and contain lymphoid tissue that resembles secondary lymphoid follicles lfs we compared the specificity structure and function of tonsil and CL node lfs with those of the intrathyroidal lfs to assess the latters capability to contribute to autoimmune response thyroglobulin and thyroperoxidase binding to lfs indicated that most intrathyroidal lfs were committed to response to thyroid selfantigens and were associated to higher C2 of antibodies to thyroglobulin thyroperoxidase and thyroidstimulating hormone receptor intrathyroidal lfs were microanatomically very similar to canonical lfs ie they had welldeveloped GCs with mantle CS and dark zones and each of these zones contained b and t lymphocytes follicular dendritic and IDC with typical phenotypes careful assessment of proliferation ki and apoptosis terminal dutp nickend labeling indicators and of the occurrence of secondary immunoglobulin gene rearrangements rag and rag confirmed the parallelism unexpected high levels of rag expression suggested that receptor revision occurs in intrathyroidal lfs and may contribute to generate highaffinity thyroid autoantibodies wellformed high EC venules and a congruent DP of adhesion molecules and chemokine expression in intrathyroidal lfs were also detected these data suggest that ectopic intrathyroidal lfs contain all of the elements needed to drive the autoimmune response and also that their microenvironment may favor the expansion and perpetuation of autoimmune response | MEDAL |
this study investigates the relationship between variability in cortical SA and thickness of the pars opercularis of the inferior frontal gyrus and motorinhibitory performance on a stopsignal task in a longitudinal typically developing cohort of children and adolescents linear mixedeffects models were used to investigate the hypotheses that cortical thinning and a relatively larger cortical SA of the bilateral pars opercularis of the inferior FC gyrus would predict better performance on the stopsignal task in a cohort of children and adolescents years of age with one to four observations totaling observations cortical thickness of the BL opercular region was not related to inhibitory performance however independent of age gender and total cortical SA relatively larger cortical SA of the BL opercular region of the VPI frontal gyrus was associated with better motorinhibitory performance followup analyses showed a significant effect of surface area of the RA pars opercularis but no evidence for an effect of area of left pars opercularis on motorinhibitory performance these findings are consistent with the previous work in adults showing that cortical morphology of the pars opercularis is related to GABA SF-36 it also expands upon this literature by showing that in contrast to earlier work highlighting the importance of CT of this region in adults relative cortical SA of the pars opercularis may be related to developing motorinhibitory functions during childhood and adolescence relationships between cortical phenotypes and individual differences in behavioral measures may vary across the lifespan | MEDAL |
thiazolidinedione treatment reduces neointimal tissue proliferation T3 coronary stent implantation in diabetic patients however instent restenosis still persists in patients treated with thiazolidinedione the effect of thiazolidinedione treatment on the pattern of instent restenosis remains unclear this T0 investigated whether thiazolidinedione treatment attenuates diffuse neointimal hyperplasia in restenotic lesions T3 coronary stent implantation in diabetic patients | MEDAL |
ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament is a potentially curable cause of thoracic myelopathy as this case illustrates mri can confirm the diagnosis demonstrate other concomitant pathology such as disc herniation and help assess the clinical significance of opll by showing spinal word compression | MEDAL |
although benzodiazepines are the standard of care in the treatment of alcohol withdrawal several studies have suggested that anticonvulsants may be equally effective at alleviating alcohol withdrawal symptoms and may pose less of a risk of causing rebound of symptoms which could contribute to relapse this report compares treatment outcomes for patients n treated for alcohol withdrawal with either the anticonvulsant tiagabine or the benzodiazepines oxazepam and lorazepam the clinical institute withdrawal assessment for alcoholrevised ciwaar was utilized to gauge alcohol withdrawal symptoms over the course of the T0 when possible followup data was obtained on alcohol use PT both benzodiazepines and TGB appeared to reduce ciwaar scores at about the same magnitude there was a trend for tiagabine patients to have less postdetoxification drinking fisher exact test p the reduction in alcohol withdrawal symptoms and decreased tendency to relapse observed in patients treated with the anticonvulsant TGB suggests that a doubleblind PL controlled trial may be warranted | MEDAL |
leptin is an adipocyte hormone involved in the regulation of energy homeostasis generally accepted biological effects of OB are inhibition of FI and stimulation of metabolic rate in obob mice that are defective in the leptin gene in contrast to these centrally mediated effects of OB we are reporting here on leptin effects on isolated rat adipocytes OB impairs several metabolic actions of insulin ie stimulation of glucose transport GS lipogenesis inhibition of isoproterenolinduced lipolysis and protein kinase a activation as well as stimulation of protein synthesis insulin effects were reduced by leptin nm with a halflife of about h at low leptin concentrations nm the insulin sensitivity was reduced leading to a shift to the right in the doseresponse curve at higher concentrations the responsiveness was diminished resulting in nearly complete inhibition of insulin effects at nm OB the ic value of leptin was nm T3 h of preincubation of adipocytes in primary culture the natural splice variant desglnleptin exhibited a significantly lower potency adipocytes regained full insulin sensitivity within a few hours T3 OB removal the stimulation of gl transport by vanadate was not affected by leptin these data show specific and potent impairment of insulin action by OB in the physiological concentration range of both OB and insulin which may be related to the pathophysiology of insulin resistance in both NIDDM diabetes mellitus and obesity | MEDAL |
we explored the genetic basis for intraspecific variation in mycoplasmal sialidase activity that correlates with virulence and its potentially advantageous linkage to nutrient catabolism polymorphism in nacetylneuraminate scavenging and Kd genes sialidase nacetylneuraminate lyase nacetylmannosamine kinase nacetylmannosaminephosphate epimerase nacetylglucosaminephosphate deacetylase and glucosaminephosphate deaminase was evident among eight strains of the avian pathogen mycoplasma synoviae most differences were single nucleotide polymorphisms ranging from substitutions per bp for nacetylmannosamine kinase to for the singlecopy sialidase gene nani missense mutations were twice as common as silent mutations in nani resulted in amino acids dissimilar to consensus and there was a base deletion near the nani promoter in CS wvut supporting a complex genetic basis for differences in sialidase activity two strains had identical frameshifts in the nacetylneuraminate lyase gene nana resulting in nonsense mutations and both had downstream deletions in nana such genetic lesions uncouple extracellular liberation of sialic acid from generation of fructosephosphate and Pyr via intracellular nacetylneuraminate Kd PR of nani by such strains but not others in the m synoviae phylogenetic cluster is evidence that sialidase has an important nonnutritional role in the ecology of m synoviae and certain other mycoplasmas | MEDAL |
clinical probing level and radiographic bone level were compared to histologic bone level around screw type oral implants in monkeys macaca fascicularis two implants in each monkey retained a fixed partial prosthesis in supraocclusal contact with an antagonizing splint these implants were brushed x a week and subgingival cleaning was performed x a month unloaded implants in the same monkeys were never cleaned and additionally a cotton cord was placed around these to promote plaque accumulation T3 months intraoral radiographs of thamined the role of endogenous somatostatin in diminished pancreatic enzyme secretion during anesthesia while monitoring acid secretion concurrently rats were anesthetized with either urethane or sodium pentobarbital an indwelling catheter was placed into the RA jugular vein the esophagus and the pylorus were ligated and the stomach was perfused with saline the CBD was ligated at the hepatic hilum and cannulated at the duodenal end of the duct for collecting pure pancreatic juice purified somatostatin monoclonal antibody cures or control antibody keyhole limpet hemacyanin klh was injected iv in increasing doses and mg every min n gastric acid and pancreatic amylase secretions were measured the effect of the antibodies on cckstimulated nmolkgh pancreatic amylase secretion was also tested during URE anesthesia somatostatin antibody induced a dosedependent increase in acid SO while control antibody did not change it basal pancreatic amylase secretion was not affected by either somatostatin or by control antibody pancreatic secretory responses to high but not to low doses cck were found to be significantly increased following immunoneutralization of somatostatin in sodium pentobarbitalanesthetized rats somatostatin antibody stimulated basal acid secretion but did not affect basal pancreatic amylase secretion our data indicate that in anesthetized rats endogenous somatostatin mediates suppression of basal gastric acid secretion but not that of basal pancreatic amylase secretion and this action does not depend on the type of anesthesia furthermore endogenous somatostatin may play a physiological role in modulating stimulated pancreatic enzyme secretion in this species | MEDAL |
a stepwise method for treating tmpds is presented step start patient on a regimen of chloroethane or chlorofluorocarbon spray and exercise step aif a clicking joint is the chief complaint start with click exercise step bif restricted mouth opening is the chief complaint start with range of motion exercise employ exercises sequentially not simultaneously step if pain is moderate to severe start with amitriptyline mg at bedtime increasing the dose in mg increments to mg step for nonresponders add i.v. of tender points with lidocaine and consider a trial of a different TCA step for nonresponders consider a trial of tender point i.v. combining dexamethasone with local anesthetic start by injecting the three most painful tender points with ml of a solution of mg of dexamethasone combined with two thirds bupivacaine and one third lidocaine to reach the desired volume repeat injections varying the CS as required do this once weekly for to weeks for an adequate trial this regimen can be continued for an extended period of time with AGA precautions in place the value of judgmentfree psychosocial support cannot be overemphasized patients with tmpds are faced with longterm problems of pain management an understanding clinician can provide the sustained support required to prevent the cycle of ever more invasive treatments with their potential for harm | MEDAL |
batch adsorption experiments were performed for the removal of chromium iii and chromium vi ions from AQ solutions using canadian peat and coconut fiber the langmuir MM was used to describe the adsorption isotherm the maximum adsorption for peat reached mgg for criii and mgg for crvi whereas the value for fiber was slightly higher and reached mgg for criii and mgg for crvi both chromium forms could be easily eluted from the materials the adsorption of chromium forms to organic matter could be explained in terms of formation of donoracceptor chemical covalent bound with hydroxyl CG as ligands and chromium as the central atom in the formed complex the chromatereducing activities were monitored with the use of electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy the results showed that both adsorption and reduction occurred simultaneously and the maximum adsorption capacity of hexavalent chromium being equal to for fiber and for peat was obtained at ph the reduction of crvi in wastewaters began immediately and disappeared after h both materials contained yeast and fungi species which can be responsible for reduction of chromium compounds due to their enzymatic activity chwastowski and koloczek acta biochim pol the reduction of crvi is a twophase process the first phase being rapid and based on chemical reaction and the second phase having biological features after the REC step both types of organic materials can be used again for chromium adsorption without any loss in the metal uptake both of the materials could be used as biofilters in the wastewater treatment plants | MEDAL |
hyperprolactinemia is one of the risk factor of decrease in BMC which has been believed to be mediated by hypogonadism however the presence of prolactin receptor in human osteosarcoma cell line and primary both trd patients receiving treatment as usual showed significant results favoring vns post hoc analyses found that this difference was not accounted for baseline differences nor by intercurrent treatment while vns is well tolerated the optimal dosing strategies have not been determined nor have clinically useful predictors of who will respond to the treatment given the profound effects of trd upon the daily lives of patients and that a substantial number of vns patients receive benefit vns is a useful option for managing patients with trd | MEDAL |
the authors have presented the less known csf alternative pathways besides the csf absorption into blood vessels in arachnoidal villi alongside A-V sinuses there is additional csf outflow to the lymphatic vessels for many years the neurophysiologists did not take into account and did not appreciate this route despite it had been in xixth century in those times schwalbe noticed that after berlin blue injection into the cranial subarachnoid space of exsanguinated rabbits and dogs the markers uptake increased in the local cervical lymphatic NO the review contains a structural description as well as a physiological explanation of the alternative csf outflow the paper also shows the development of views or this topic the prelymphatic CBF vessels described by gasleysmith and perineural lymphatic pathways around cranial and spinal SN seem to be the most significant ones connecting the CNS system and the lymphatic system it has been proved during animal experiments that csf flows through the alternative pathways it is too early to come to the final conclusions but the present results concerning csf outflow to the lymphatic system can confirm its influence on the cns immunology HC and pseudotumour cerebri aetiology and olfactory sensation the flow of the fluid might help to remove the odorstimulating molecules | MEDAL |
interleukin il an inflammatory cytokine overexpressed in the neuritic plaques of alzheimers disease activates astrocytes and enhances production and processing of betaamyloid precursor protein betaapp activated astrocytes overexpressing s beta are a prominent fve mechanisms involved in nmdainduced neurotoxicity is accumulating in this T0 we have used CL measurements as an easy rapid and sensitive CA to investigate the effects of nmda and oxidative AS on brain cell vulnerability rat brain homogenates were incubated with increasing concentrations of glutamate and nmda production of ROS species was followed by single photon emission measurements using the specific enhancers luminol and lucigenin increases in emission were observed at excitotoxic concentrations of glutamate and nmda other parameters of oxidative stress such as diene conjugates tbars and carbonyl CG were also investigated our results indicated that CL measurements may be used to study involvement of oxidative AS in neurotoxicity | MEDAL |
we report the case of a year old female patient on continuous systemic anticoagulation therapy with coumarin due to mechanical AV replacement and a more than years lasting amiodarone therapy due to severe ventricular extrasystoles suffering from amiodarone induced thyrotoxicosis ait during the course of ait showing different thyroid metabolic conditions inr levels revealed a course closely related to the thyroid conditions indicating a significant and clearcut effect of both hyper and hypothyroidism on SVR AC therapy with coumarin this continuous interaction of different thyroid metabolic conditions and the anticoagulation state could be well documented in the presented case over a time period of approximately five months | MEDAL |
cortical reorganization can be induced by exercise below the level of the lesion T3 spinal cord injury sci the aim of the present T0 was to investigate the effect of passive and AS pedaling exercise on leg motor cortical area excitability of subjects with traumatic sci ten subjects with chronic C2 or thoracic sci were enrolled in the study we found a significant effect of pedaling on shortinterval intracortical inhibition sici which did not interact with the exp condition active vs passive this corresponded to a significant reduction of sici in the subjects with sci together with no evidence that this pattern differed for passive vs AS pedaling we found no significant effect of pedaling on intracortical facilitation our results showed that also passive cycling may be beneficial in activating motor cortical regions and possibly also facilitating motor recovery after sci the present study confirms and extends the findings of previous studies that have observed taskspecific cortical activation during passive pedaling therefore passive exercise therapies when applied below the level of the lesion in subjects with sci could promote cortical neuroplastic reorganization | MEDAL |
the group of undifferentiated carcinomas of the UB encompasses small cell UC giant cell carcinoma lymphoepitheliomalike carcinoma lelc and C1 cell neuroendocrine carcinoma lcnec these PT are either pure or can be associated with other components such as MBT-2 squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma we report a case of lcnec of the UB in a yearold woman histologically the tumor showed features of lelc immunohistochemically the tumor cells reacted to chromogranin a nse and synaptophysin in addition to these NE markers RT cells were positive for cytokeratin cam and aeae and there was focal positivity for vimentin in situ hybridization for the PCD of epsteinbarr virus was negative despite radical cystourethrectomy and six courses of chemotherapy the patient developed metastases invading the left inguinal CL nodes months postoperatively currently months postoperatively the patient has developed metastases spreading into the lymph NO of the RA ischiorectal fossa therefore she is receiving a new cyclus of chemotherapy there are only three previously reported cases of lcnec of the UB and the significance of NED in nonsmall cell carcinomas at this location remains to be established however lelc appears to be a separate clinicopathological entity with sensitivity to chemotherapy and a relatively favorable prognosis the differentiation between lelc and lcnec with prominent inflammatory reaction could be of therapeutic relevance however in our case this was possible using immunohistochemistry only | MEDAL |
allelic replacement mutants were constructed within Arg deiminase arca and arca to assess the CF of the Arg deiminase adi pathway in organic AR and biofilm formation of staphylococcus epidermidis a growthdependent acidification assay ph ⼠to ⼠determined that CS devoid of arginine deiminase activity δadi was significantly less viable than the wild type following SD of gl and in the presence of arginine however no difference in viability was noted for individual δarca native or δarca Arg catabolic mobile PE acmederived mutants suggesting that the native and acmederived adis are compensatory in s epidermidis furthermore FC and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy results suggested that organic acid stress resulted in oxidative stress that could be partially rescued by the iron chelator dipyridyl collectively these results suggest that formation of hydroxyl radicals is partially responsible for cell death via organic acid stress and that adiderived ammonia functions to counteract this acid AS finally static biofilm assays determined that viability ammonia synthesis and ph were reduced in strain δadi following h of growth in comparison to CS and the arca and arca single mutants it is hypothesized that ammonia synthesis via the adi pathway is important to reduce ph stress in specific microniches that contain high concentrations of organic acids | MEDAL |
the axillary arch aa is a muscular anatomical R2 in the fossa axillaris that has been extensively studied in CAD specimens within these dissections different innervations of the aa have been proposed but this has never been explored in vivo knowledge of the innervation of the aa is required in order to better understand its function eg predisposition for certain sports andor MICs understanding shoulder injuries in overhead sports here we report on the use of surface stimulodetection electromyography ssemg to resolve the innervation of the aa in subjects women eight men mean age of ± years with a uni or bsy findings of a patient with inclusion body myositis and HCM cardiomyopathy a yearold man who was a human t lymphotropic virus type carrier exhibited slowly progressive muscle weakness and atrophy predominantly affecting the scapular quadriceps femoris and forearm flexor muscles his disease course was more rapidly progressive than that typically observed the patient died suddenly of arrhythmia years after diagnosis autopsy findings revealed that multiple muscles including the respiratory muscles were involved longitudinal studies revealed an increased frequency of rimmed vacuoles and psequestosome andor tar dnabinding protein positive deposits in autopsied muscles although the amount of inflammatory infiltrate appeared to be decreased we speculated that muscle degeneration may be more closely involved in PD compared with autoimmunity genetic analysis revealed a S1 binding protein c mutation which is reportedly responsible for familial HCM cardiomyopathy this mutation and human t lymphotropic virus type infection may have affected the skeletal muscles of this patient | MEDAL |
in the paper presented the relationship was analysed between the educational level and the level of risk of ischaemic heart disease ihd in a random sample of the warsaw population aged years men with a lower educational level elementary or basic vocational were found to have a significantly higher means for systolic blood pressure level for plasma highdensity lipoprotein hdl cholesterol concentration for the numbers of cigarettes smoked daily and for the probability of ihd OD according to the multivariate logistic function of farchi and menotti and also significantly greater prevalences of CS hypertension and overweight and for men a negative relationship was noted between educational level and plasma lowdensity lipoprotein ldl cholesterol concentration women with a lower educational level had a higher mean plasma TG higher values of systolic and systolic BPs a greater probability of ihd OD and higher prevalences of hypertension obesity and ischaemic heart disease PS and for women a negative relationship with educational level was noted for plasma ldlcholesterol concentration and for the mean value of the overall risk score according to rose | MEDAL |
this core skills tutorial elucidates the principal surgical techniques of constructing a composite ygraft using the left internal thoracic artery and the right internal thoracic artery for onpump CABG | MEDAL |
the relationship of the difference between blood pressures before and after minutes rest before minus after to resting BPs one year later was studied on subjects aged to years not being treated for hypertension in an epidemiological setting MRA was applied to systolic sbp and diastolic blood pressure dbp separately both the resting sbp level and the sbp difference were significant predictors of the resting sbp one year later in both sexes for resting dbp one year later the resting dbp level and dbp difference were found to be significant in females multiple logistic analysis was used to identify the factors which predict development from normotension to above borderline hypertension one year later the sbp difference as well as the resting dbp level were significant predictors in males these findings suggest that bp difference between before and T3 T2 rest may be an important indicator of subsequent bp status and therefore there would be value in measuring blood pressure before as well as after rest with particular attention to bp difference | MEDAL |
damage to lung epithelial cells through chronic injury and abnormal repair and CR lead to lung destruction and fibrosis we isolated lung progenitor cells that could potentially contribute to lung diseases the progenitor cells can differentiate into alveolar type ii atiilike cells in vitro and are increased in number and localized within the region of AM epithelial cell proliferation that is involved in the reparative response to injury however global mRNA patterns in the atiilike cells derived from the progenitor cells and in mature atii cells isolated from lung tissue have not yet been evaluated | MEDAL |
platelet activation is involved in the pathogenesis of the thrombotic complications of hypertension novel surrogate markers of PLT activation mean platelet volume mpv MPC mpc mea a stack of strongly confined pancake traps when dipole moments point perpendicular to the planes of the traps and are sufficiently strong the system is SD against collapse but attractive interaction between molecules in different layers leads to the formation of dipolar chains analogously to the chaining phenomenon in classical rheological electro and magnetofluids we analyze properties of the resulting quantum liquid of dipolar chains and show that only the longest chains undergo boseeinstein condensation with a strongly reduced condensation temperature we discuss several exp methods for studying chains of polar molecules | MEDAL |
the nine equivalents of nursing manpower use score nems is frequently used to quantify evaluate and allocate nursing workload at intensive care unit level in switzerland it has also become a key component in defining the degree of icu hospitause of the wordimage is important for ERP PR of words in SM | MEDAL |
reports of abuse and toxic effects of synthetic cathinones frequently sold as bath salts or legal highs have increased dramatically in recent years one of the most widely used synthetic cathinones is methylenedioxypyrovalerone mdpv the current T0 evaluated the abuse potential of mdpv by assessing its ability to support intravenous selfadministration and to lower thresholds for intracranial SS icss in rats in the first experiment the rats were TR to intravenously selfadminister mdpv in daily hour sessions for days at doses of or mgkg per infusion the rats were then allowed to selfadminister mdpv under a progressive ratio pr schedule of reinforcement next the rats selfadministered mdpv for an additional days under short access sha hoursday or long access lga hoursday conditions to assess escalation of intake a separate group of rats underwent the same procedures with the exception of selfadministering methamphetamine mgkg per infusion instead of mdpv in the second experiment the effects of mdpv on icss thresholds following acute administration and mgkg ip were assessed mdpv maintained selfadministration across all doses tested a positive relationship between mdpv dose and breakpoints for reinforcement under pr conditions was observed lga conditions led to escalation of drug intake at and mgkg doses and rats selfadministering methamphetamine showed similar patterns of escalation finally mdpv significantly lowered icss thresholds at all doses tested together these findings indicate that mdpv has reinforcing properties and activates brain reward circuitry suggesting a potential for abuse and addiction in humans | MEDAL |
ischemiareperfusion induces tubular and EC damage in the renal VG and leads to delayed graft function dgf and to an early loss of peritubular capillaries ptc few if any clinical studies have assessed the impact of proangiogenic and antiangiogenic factors on endothelial repair during renal transplantation rtrelated ischemiareperfusion | MEDAL |
although alterations in ras signalling are found in about of human cancers the transforming activity of oncogenic ras is not fully understood in a recent paper a putative ras effector in s pombe named scd was reported to localize to mitotic spindles scd physically associates with moe a factor that may contribute to the inherent instability of MTs mts and appears to be needed for proper spindle function altered mt dynamics within the spindle are likely to affect spindle assembly and chromosome capture processes that need to be delicately controlled if cells are to guard against genome instability and transformation bioessays | MEDAL |
the interaction between the entomopathogenic fungus metarhizium robertsii and natural avermectin metabolites of the actinomycete streptomyces avermitilis were investigated on colorado potato beetle larvae a synergy in the mortality of larvae was detected after simultaneous treatment with halflethal doses of avermectins commercial name actarophit and fungus à | MEDAL |
few studies have investigated discomfort caused by multiaxis vibration and none has explored methods of predicting the discomfort of standing people from simultaneous foreandaft lateral and vertical vibration of a floor using the method of magnitude estimation subjects estimated their discomfort caused by dualaxis and triaxial motions octavebands centred on either or hz with various magnitudes in the foreandaft lateral and vertical directions and the discomfort caused by singleaxis motions the method of predicting discomfort assumed in current standards squareroot of the sums of squares of the three components weighted according to their individual contributions to discomfort provided reasonable predictions of the discomfort caused by multiaxis vibration improved predictions can be obtained for specific stimuli but no single simple method will provide accurate predictions for all stimuli because the rate of growth of discomfort with increasing magnitude of vibration depends on the frequency and direction of vibration | MEDAL |
diffuse ai contributes to the LT functional morbidity observed T3 pediatric moderatesevere traumatic brain injury mstbi wholebrain proton magnetic resonance EPI spectroscopic imaging was used to measure the neurometabolite levels in the brain to delineate the course of disruptionrepair during the first year postmstbi the association between metabolite biomarkers and functional measures cognitive functioning and CC cc function assessed by interhemispheric transfer time ihtt using an event related potential paradigm was also explored pediatric patients with mstbi underwent assessments at two times postacutely at a mean of three months postinjury n and chronically at a mean of months postinjury n HCs also underwent two evaluations approximately months apart postacutely in patients with mstbi there were elevations in choline cho marker for inflammation andor altered membrane metabolism in all four brain lobes and the cc and decreases in nacetylaspartate naa marker for neuronal and axonal integrity in the cc compared with controls all of which normalized by the chronic time point subgroups of tbi showed VL patterns chronically patients with slow ihtt had lower lobar cho chronically than those with normal ihtt they also did not show normalization in cc naa whereas those with normal ihtt showed significantly higher levels of cc naa relative to controls in the normal ihtt group only chronic cc cho and naa together explained of the variance in longterm cognitive SF-36 mr based whole brain metabolic evaluations show different patterns of neurochemistry T3 mstbi in two subgroups with different outcomes there is a dynamic relationship between prolonged inflammatory responses to brain damage reparative processesremyelination and subsequent neurobehavioral outcomes multimodal studies allow us to test hypotheses about degenerative and reparative processes in patient groups that have divergent functional outcome with the ultimate goal of developing targeted therapeutic agents | MEDAL |
the rat visual system comprises cortical and subcortical pathways the receptive field properties of cells in the visual SC have been extensively studied however the fundamental roles of the two circuits in visual information processing are not well understood to address this question we have applied quantitative methods to compare and characterize the spatiotemporal receptive field rf properties of SN in V1 v cells and SF layers of the superior colliculus sc in rats by means of extracellular recordings an analysis of visual CS- processing revealed distinct functional characteristics of the two visual circuits rf diameters of sc SN were significantly larger than those of v cells most cells in both regions had high orientation selectivity but the mean orientation bandwidth of the sc was broader than that of v cells ° vs ° the mean optimal spatial frequency sf of sc cells was lower but had a broader BW than that of v cells vs cpd the majority of sc and v cells and respectively had rfs with bandpass temporal frequency tf tuning profiles and similar optimal tfs however temporal bandpass profiles of the sc showed narrower mean temporal bandwidths than those of v cells vs octaves the majority of SN in visual cortical and subcortical structures were G1 in response to highcontrast drifting gratings in the preferred orientation the percentage of v SN with a lowcontrast threshold was larger than the proportion of sc neurons vs indicating that the former adapt better to contrast the substantial overlap in latency distributions between sc and v Az suggests that the two visual systems process and analyze visual signals in parallel however the two Az use different neural encoding mechanisms based on different latency CSD trends these results indicate that sc cells have poor spatial acuity and are better suited to detecting highcontrast moving stimuli in larger VFs in contrast v cells are adapted to extracting shape information and detailed features of objects | MEDAL |
moderate nonfluent aphasia following a left parietotemporal lesion was found in the native language of one bilingual patient in contrast to less severe fluent aphasia in the patients secondary language conversely mild anomia was found in the native language of a second patient while global aphasia was found in the secondary language his lesion was located in the left posterior FC area these examples of differential aphasia were assessed by standard aphasia tests and by language inventory translated into the appropriate languages we propose that differential aphasia resulting from a single hemispheric lesion is related to the disruption of different basic cognitive functions which participate to varying degrees in the performance of the languages affected in terms of neurolinguistic theory the findings in these patients support the observation that most frequently used language is the first to recover they refute the notion that the native language recovers first | MEDAL |
in vivo PMR spectroscopy of children years with established multiple sclerosis revealed distinct alterations in regional CBF metabolism associated with different aspects of the disease localized proton spectra to ml volumes of interest from multiple sclerosis plaques were generally characterized by a decrease in nacetylaspartate and creatine and an increase in cholines and myoinositol relative to agematched control subjects neither chronic nor enhancing plaques by gadoliniumdiethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid during an AE showed elevated C2 of lactate or lipids spectra from adjacent VWM that did not appear suspicious in magnetic resonance images were similar to those of NCs and cortical gray matter related to neighboring multiple sclerosis lesions showed a notable reduction of nacetylaspartate the present results show that functional impairment in multiple sclerosis is linked to gross metabolic disturbances of neuronal cell chemistry we suggest that focal demyelination is accompanied by increased membrane precursors of proliferative turnover and is associated with AA neuronal shrinkage or loss perhaps extending into related CGM | MEDAL |
the quantitative relationship between changes in portal vein pressure and the perfusion index was studied and HCC CF was evaluated a modified protocol of hepatobiliary dynamic scintigraphy with tcmlabeled ethylene hepatobiliary iminodiacetic acid ehida was performed in patients with HC and healthy controls in patients the PVP pvp was measured intraoperatively during the portal vein bypass procedure the portal vein perfusion index pvi was obtained by a twocompartment MM of hepatic perfusion a threecompartment model was applied in the hepatocellular extracted and excreted timeradioactivity curves and the hepatic functional index was calculated including the hepatic uptake index ui the mean residual index mri the uptake speed index usi the descent speed index dsi the peak uptake pu and the peak time pt of hepatic uptake these CF indices in the cirrhotic patients were compared to the indices in the healthy controls with a twosided ttest specifically the pu vs p ui vs p and usi vs p were slower in patients with hepatic cirrhosis compared with the healthy controls the pt vs p and mri vs p were more prolonged and the dsi vs p was less compared to controls the pvi were significantly higher in cirrhotic patients than in controls vs p and the pvi correlated to the pvp r p in conclusion modified quantitative hepatobiliary dynamic scintigraphy can evaluate the changes of portal vein blood flow and monitor hepatocellular CF in which the portal vein blood flow can estimate PVP | MEDAL |
PL rotatory instability plri of the elbow is the result of an insufficient lateral collateral AL complex lclc singlebundle reconstruction of the lateral ulnar collateral ligament lucl represents the ST method for chronic plri however cases of recurrent instability after lucl reconstruction have been reported the dualreconstruction procedure has been described to anatomically restore the lucl as well as the radial collateral ligament rcl it was hypothesized that anatomic reconstruction of the lclc provides increased stability compared with the conventional technique | MEDAL |
mus musculus subsp musculus czech ii mammary tumor dna frequently contains an integrated proviral genome of the mouse mammary tumor virus mmtv within a TPS kilobasepair region of the cellular genome designated int viral integration at this site results in activation of expression of an adjacent cellular gene we mapped int to mouse chromosome by analysis of pstirestricted cellular dnas from mousehamster somatic cell hybrids restriction analysis of cellular dna from chouj x czech ii x czech ii backcross mice established the gene order thint these results demonstrated that the int locus is distinct from two other common integration regions for mouse mammary tumor virus designated int and int in mammary tumor dna and suggest that several cellular genes may be at risk for virally induced activation during mammary tumor OD | MEDAL |
the paper presents pathomechanisms and treatment of the complications of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease copd ventilatory failure infections cor pulmonale overlap syndrome and discusses acute lifethreatening conditions | MEDAL |
cell wall isolation procedures were evaluated to determine their effect on the total pectin content and the degree of methylesterification of tomato lycopersicon esculentum l fruit cell walls water homogenates liberate substantial amounts of buffer soluble uronic acid milligrams uronic acid milligrams wall solubilization appears to be a consequence of autohydrolysis mediated by PG ii isoenzymes a and b since the uronic acid release from the wall residue can be suppressed by homogenization in the presence of ethanol followed by heating the extent of methylesterification in heatinactivated PCW mole was significantly greater than with water homogenates mole the results suggest that autohydrolysis mediated by cell wallassociated enzymes accounts for the solubilization of tomato fruit pectin in vitro endogenous enzymes also account for a decrease in the methylesterification during the cell wall preparation the heatinactivated cell wall preparation was superior to the other methods studied since it reduces betaelimination during heating and inactivates constitutive enzymes that may modify pectin structure this heatinactivated cell wall preparation was used in subsequent enzymatic analysis of the pectin structure purified tomato fruit polygalacturonase and partially purified pectinmethylesterase were used to assess changes in constitutive substrates during tomato fruit ripening PG treatment of heatinactivated cell walls from mature green and breaker stages released of the uronic acid the extent of the release of polyuronides by PG was fruit OD stage dependent at the turning stage of the pectin fraction was released a value which increased to a maximum of of the uronides at the red ripe stage i.c.v. of the walls with purified tomato pectinesterase rendered walls from all ripening stages equally susceptible to polygalacturonase quantitatively the PR of uronides by PG from all pectinesterase treated PCW was equivalent to PG treatment of walls at the ripe stage uronide polymers released by polygalacturonase contain galacturonic acid rhamnose galactose arabinose xylose and glucose as a CF of development an increase in the release of galacturonic acid and rha was observed and of these polymers at the mature green stage to and at the red ripe stage respectively the amount of galactose and arabinose released by exogenous polygalacturonase decreased during development and from walls of mature green fruit to and at the red ripe stage respectively minor amounts of glucose and xylose released from the wall by exogenous PG remained constant throughout fruit OD | MEDAL |
we have shown that sp phosphorylation at thr decreases its dnabinding activity in this study we found that phosphorylation of sp at thr CT is necessary but not sufficient for the inhibition of its dnabinding activity during mitosis we demonstrated that pin could be recruited to the thrppro motif of sp to modulate the interaction between phosphosp and cdk thereby facilitating cdkmediated phosphorylation of sp at ser thr and thr during mitosis loss of the cterminal end of sp amino acids significantly increased sp phosphorylation implying that the cterminus inhibits cdkmediated sp phosphorylation IB analysis of sp peptides to pin by isothermal titration calorimetry indicated that pin interacts with thrpsp peptide but not with thrsp peptide xray crystallography data showed that the thrpsp peptide occupies the active site of pin increased sp phosphorylation by cdk during mitosis not only stabilized sp C2 by decreasing interaction with ubiquitin eligase rnf but also caused sp to move out of the chromosomes completely by decreasing its dnabinding activity thereby facilitating Tc progression thus pinmediated conformational changes in the CT region of sp are critical for increased cdkmediated sp phosphorylation to facilitate cell cycle progression during mitosis | MEDAL |
five monthold calves were inoculated with bovine viral diarrhea bvd virus n or pasteurella haemolytica n endobronchially with a fiberoptic FB five additional calves were inoculated sequentially with bvd virus followed by p haemolytica at a day interval blood samples were collected daily from the calves for bacterial isolation clinical signs of RTD in calves were recorded daily if the calves survived they were killed for necropsy or days after inoculation with p haemolytica or DAI with bvd virus the extent and nature of pulmonary lesions in the calves were determined and the lower portion of the RT lungs and trachea was examined for both these organisms the calves inoculated with bvd virus only developed mild clinical signs mainly manifested as fever nasal discharge and occasional cough approximately to of the total lung capacity of these calves was pneumonic mild clinical signs and localized lesions involving about of the lung volume developed in the calves exposed to p haemolytica only however severe fibrinopurulent bronchopneumonia and pleuritis involving to of lung volume developed in the calves inoculated sequentially with bvd virus and p haemolytica the possible role bvd virus may have in bovine respiratory tract disease is discussed | MEDAL |
ecological niche modeling enm algorithms maximum entropy species CSD modeling maxent and genetic algorithm for ruleset prediction garp were used to develop models in iowa for three species of mosquito two significant extant west nile virus wnv vectors culex pipiens l and culex tarsalis coquillett diptera culicidae and the nuisance mosquito aedes vexans meigen diptera culicidae a potential wnv bridge vector occurrence data for the three mosquito species from a statewide arbovirus surveillance program were used in combination with climatic and landscape layers maxent successfully created more AGA niche models with greater accuracy than garp the three maxent species models were combined and the average values were statistically compared to human wnv incidence at the census block group level the results showed that the maxentmodeled species niches averaged together were a useful indicator of wnv human incidence in the state of iowa this simple method for creating probability distribution maps proved useful for understanding wnv dynamics and could be applied to the T0 of other vectorborne diseases | MEDAL |
carp cyprinus carpio liver maintained normal glycogen content and enzyme complement for several days in OC epinephrinestimulated glycogenolysis phosphorylase activation and cAMP camp accumulation in a concentrationdependent manner with ecs of and nm respectively these actions were blocked by the betaadrenergic antagonist propranolol but not by the alphaadrenergic antagonist phentolamine glycogenolysis and tissue camp were uninfluenced by m arginine VT Arg vasopressin lysine vasotocin lysine vasopressin mesotocin or oxytocin but were slightly increased by m isotocin and slightly decreased by m angiotensin ii iiodocyanopindolol icp a betaadrenergic ligand bound to isolated carp CL CM with a kd of pm maximum binding of fmolmg protein was at pm propranolol isoprenaline epinephrine phenylephrine norepinephrine and phenoxybenzamine displaced icp with kds of nm and microm respectively the alphaadrenergic antagonists yohimbine and prazosin showed no SB these data provide evidence that CAs act via betaadrenergic receptors in carp CL and that alphaadrenergic receptors are not present vasoactive peptides play no significant role in regulation of carp CL glycogenolysis | MEDAL |
neutrophils collected from bovine mammary PG were placed in culture with virusinfected cell S9 that had been inactivated by ultraviolet CS upon SC with infectious bovine rhinotracheitis ibr virusinfected georgia bovine kidney cells a material was released from the neutrophils that like interferon inhibited the replication of vesicular stomatitis virus and ibr virus CF ibr virus was a less ERP inducer of the inhibitor produced by neutrophils other herpesviruses including herpes simplex type as well as equine rhinopneumonitis virus and pseudorabies virus caused release of the inhibitor but most other viruses tested including newcastle disease virus a good inducer of type interferon failed to stimulate the production of inhibitor by polymorphonuclear neutrophils preliminary characterization studies revealed differences between the inhibitor produced by the polymorphonuclear neutrophils and type and type ii bovine interferons the possible role of such an inhibitor in the REC from HHV-8 infection is briefly discussed | MEDAL |
fasciola hepatica is the causative agent of fasciolosis in many areas in america europe africa asia and australia there is an urgent need for improved methods to control the parasites transmission we describe the use of an experimental vaccine based on a recombinant antigen cloned from another parasite schistosoma mansoni sm that induces high levels of cross protection in mice against both s mansoni and f hepatica sheep and mice vaccinated with sm were significantly protected against challenge infection with metacercariae of fasciola hepatica and were CR free of the histopathological hepatic damage related to CL fluke infection the vaccine will provide a valuable new tool to aid in transmission control of this economically important disease | MEDAL |
FF cbl j mice the copper chelator cuprizone leads to selective apoptosis of mature oligodendrocytes and concomitant demyelination predominantly in the CC the process of oligodendrocyte apoptosis in this animal model for multiple sclerosis ms involves early microglial activation but no infiltration of tlymphocytes therefore this MM could mimic early stages of oligodendrocyte degeneration affected oligodendrocytes express the common neurotrophin receptor pntr a stressreceptor which unders particularly difficult to treat although topical CSs are the mainstay of therapy for moderatetosevere disease patients frequently object to the messiness and unfavourable cosmetic appearance of topical treatments in this context foam vehicles which have the advantage of minimal residue and increased ease of application have emerged as novel alternatives to traditional creams ointments and solutions clobetasol propionate foam olux connetics corporation a high potency topical steroid has been shown to alleviate symptoms of several dermatological conditions including scalp and body PS improve disease severity and increase quality of life dose should be limited to gweek given the risk of adrenal suppression because patient preference is an important determinant of medication tau in clinical practice clobetasol foam is a useful new formulation in the treatment of psoriasis and other skin conditions | MEDAL |
biofilms typically exist as complex communities comprising multiple species with the ability to adapt to a variety of harsh conditions in clinical settings antibiotic treatments based on planktonic susceptibility tests are often ineffective against biofilm infections using a co evolution measurement system we delineated the RT metabolic response in continuous flow biofilms to streptomycin doses much greater than their planktonic susceptibilities SD biofilms from a multispecies SC containing mainly pseudomonas aeruginosa and stenotrophomonas maltophilia GN environmental isolates and biofilms formed by pure SC p aeruginosa strains pao and pao δmexxy minimum planktonic GABA concentrations between and mgl were exposed in separate experiments to mgl streptomycin for h T3 which growth medium resumed in complex medium early Css multispecies biofilms were susceptible to streptomycin exposure inferred by a cessation of co production however multispecies biofilms survived high dose exposures when there was extra carbon in the antibiotic medium or when they were grown in defined citrate medium the environmental isolates and pao biofilms showed similar metabolic profiles in response to streptomycin ceasing co production T3 initial SE with co C2 dropping toward baseline C2 prior to recovery back to Css C2 while subsequent antibiotic SE elicited increased co output monitoring biofilm metabolic respontructure of the host matrix the current approach for fabricating devicescale macroscopic chiral plasmonic materials from abundant cncs with robust chiral nematic matrix may enable the mass production of PET optical metamaterials | MEDAL |
immunologic models of renal injury are useful in the T0 of pathophysiology some of these models have already been used in glomerular micropuncture studies and were shown to be approachable with the same techniques that were developed to study normal renal function the typical decrease in the glomerular permeability coefficient found in such studies is countered by an increase in the hydrostatic pressure gradient minimizing decreases in SN filtration rate antibody mechanisms involving either direct glomerular and tubular fixation of antibody or accumulation of immune complex materials provide an array of acute and chronic lesions for DUE with relevance to the bulk of immune glomerular and tubular lesions in humans the influences of varied and overlapping immune mediator systems are also useful Az for physiologic assessment the tools of the renal immunopathologist may be useful to the physiologist in identifying and localizing the effects of transport systems CE to renal CF the collaborative interaction of investigators skilled in immunology pathology and physiology is necessary to achieve optimum scientific value | MEDAL |
one hundred and fortythree sequential unselected patients with RA ICA ra were prospectively evaluated for evidence of secondary sjögrens syndrome sss all of them had a labial salivary gland lsg biopsy since a greater than or equal to score tarpleys classification was considered mandatory for the diagnosis of sss one hundred eleven were CR investigated the diagnosis of sss was established when a patient with a positive lsg biopsy greater than or equal to score had keratoconjunctivitis sicca kcs positive RB test andor the combination of subjective xerophthalmia and positive schirmers i andor xerostomia subjective xerostomia and decreased parotid flow rate pfr fortyfour patients had an lsg biopsy score of greater than or equal to a score and a negative biopsy thirtyfour of the patients with positive biopsy had sss suggesting a prevalence of sss in ra the score group represents a nonspecific category resembling the negative biopsy group RBT was very sensitive for sss whereas schirmers i and pfr were not parotid gland enlargement was unusual and extraglandular manifestations with the exception of diffuse interstitial lung disease were relatively uncommon in all biopsy CG no patient complained of xerophthalmia or xerostomia on hisher own antiro ssa antibodies detected in of the patients with sss correlated well with positive lsg biopsy our study suggests that sss in ra is common benign and subclinical requiring a positive lip biopsy and TPS tests for its diagnosis | MEDAL |
incubation of HP at degrees c was shown to induce an increase in the electrophoretic mobility of betalipoproteins betalipoproteins were isolated by density gradient ultracentrifugation T3 such incubation and their composition was analysed incubation decreased the content of free cholesterol and increased that of soluble apolipoproteins the soluble peptides appearing in ldl upon incubation showed major and minor bands upon polyacrylamide disc gel PACE two of the major bands corresponded to apolipoprotein ciii and ciii and one of the minor to apolipoprotein cii the addition of an inhibitor to lecithincholesterol acyltransferase lcat abolished the increase in electrophoretic mobility and to a C1 extent diminished the other reported effects of incubation the hypothesis is put forward that during incubation of plasma at degrees c the FC in the surface of ldl is removed through the action of lcat lipid transferases and exchange processes and is replaced in the surface shell by MMP which cause the NC in electrophoretic mobility | MEDAL |
cetiedil cyclohexylthienylethanoic acid hexahydro hazepinyl ethyl ester possesses antisickling and analgesic antispasmodic local anaesthetic and vasodilator activities a total synthesis and circular dichroism spectra of the enantiomers of cetiedil is described together with a comparison of their effectiveness as blockers of the caactivated k permeability of rb erythrocytes the contractile response of intestinal smooth muscle to acetylcholine the cadependent contraction of depolarized intestinal muscle and the cell volumesensitive PK kvol of liver cells the enantiomers did not differ substantially in their ability to block the caactivated k permeability of rabbit CRC or in their effectiveness as blockers of the contractile response of depolarized smooth muscle to externally applied ca there was a clear difference in the muscarinic blocking activity of the enantiomers as assessed by inhibition of the contractile response of intestinal smooth muscle to acetylcholine cetiedil was sd times more active than the from the enantiomers also differed in their potency as blockers of the increase in membrane conductance which occurs when CL cells swell the concentration of cetiedil needed to reduce the conductance increase by was sd microm cetiedil was sd times less AS ic of microm differences in the biological actions of the enantiomers of cetiedil indicate that a more extensive study could be rewarding in relation to the use of the enantiomers both in therapeutics and in the study of k channels | MEDAL |
a system performing both a catalytic hydrolysis reaction and the direct optical monitoring of the product was created by the combination of two bolaamphiphile selfassemblies two bolaamphiphilic selfassemblies were applied as a biomimetic catalyst of pnitrophenyl acetate pnpa hydrolysis and an optical sensor probe that detects pnpa hydrolysis through PL quenching by PNP pnp the product of pnpa hydrolysis one bolaamphiphilic selfassembly with a histidine moiety catalytically hydrolyzed the pnpa substrate and the other selfassembly of tyrosyl bolaamphiphile monitored the product of pnp by PL quenching the progression of the reaction and quenching degree were adjusted by controlling the quantity of histidyl and tyrosyl selfassemblies respectively the reaction and subsequent sensing cascade could be interrupted by a reducing agent the addition of nabh induced the chemical conversion of pnp to paminophenol which retarded photoluminescence quenching thus it was demonstrated that hydrolysis of an organic substrate and subsequent monitoring of the hydrolysis reaction could be achieved through a combination of independent bolaamphiphilic selfassemblies this study demstudy of consecutive ps tkas utilized conventional PE in knees and secondgeneration annealed xlpe in tkas clinical shortform knee society scores and leas and radiographic outcomes were evaluated at a mean of years in tkas mean kss scores were points higher p and sf physical function subset points higher p in the xlpe group there was no radiographic osteolysis or mechanical failure related to the tibial polyethylene in either group at year followup no deleterious effects related to highly crosslinked posterior stabilized tibial PE inserts were observed | MEDAL |
in the present T0 the effects of drugs with different modes of action on fmlpstimulated release of PE from human WBCs were investigated in vitro antiasthmatic and antiallergic drugs were compared to wellknown antiinflammatory and antihistamine agents the antiasthmaticantiallergic compounds azelastine astemizole and oxatomide and the lipoxygenase inhibitor ndga were able to suppress the release of PE from human WBCs in concentrations between and microm nsaids such as indomethacin diclofenac and piroxicam and the glucocorticoids dexamethasone and hydrocortisone showed little or no activity the histamine h antagonists MEP and ketotifen and the calcium antagonists verapamil nifedipine and tmb were also ineffective in suppressing fmlpinduced elastase release reduction in elastase release by azelastine that accumulates in lung tissue during longterm treatment in animals may contribute to its antiinflammatory and antiallergic effects which are thought to be central to its use in asthma therapy | MEDAL |
it has been proposed that the RA hemisphere alerting network coactivates either directly or via the BS the attention system in the parietal cortex involved in spatial attention the observation that impaired alertness and sustained attention can predict the outcome of neglect might suggest such a relationship too in the present fmri T0 we intended to analyse and compare the PET anatomy of two attentional conditions both involving intrinsic endogenous alerting and fixation but differing with respect to the degree of spatially distributed attention by using the same paradigm under two different attentional conditions in a group of ten participants both a focused and a distributed visuospatial attention condition evoked similar patterns of activation in DL prefrontal regions in the ACG in the superior and VPI PC as well as in the STG and in the thalamus these activation foci were stronger in the right hemisphere under both conditions after subtraction of the alertness condition with focused spatial attention distributed spatial attention with stimuli appearing at unpredictable locations within both visual fields induced additional bilateral activations only in the left and RA superior parietal SC and in the RA precuneus suggesting that these regions are TPS for a more widespread dispersion of spatial attention | MEDAL |
data previously obtained from our laboratory have indicated that citric acid was very ERP at improving phytatep utilization in chicks fed a pdeficient cornsoybean meal sbm diet the objective of the current T0 was to determine if citric acid would have similar effects in a commercial CS of single comb WG leghorn laying hens n fed a cornsbm diet containing available p ap dietary treatments were a cornsbm basal diet ap ca and cp supplemented with or citric acid and a PC diet containing ap each of the six dietary treatments were fed to six replicate groups of hens from to wk of age no significant differences in performance were observed among treatments during the first wk of the experiment henday egg production FC feed efficiency and egg yield were subsequently depressed in hens fed or citric acid compared with hens fed ap the results of this study indicate that citric acid does not improve the utilization of dietary p in laying hens fed a cornsbm diet containing ca | MEDAL |
the OD of novel technologies such as massively parallel dna sequencing has led to the identification of several novel recurrent gene mutations such as dna methyltransferase dnmta teneleventranslocation oncogene family member tet isocitrate dehydrogenase idh additional sex comblike asxl enhancer of zeste homolog ezh and ubiquitously transcribed tetratricopeptide repeat x chromosome utx mutations in AML one aml and other myeloid HM these findings strongly suggest a link between recurrent genetic alterations and aberrant epigenetic regulations resulting from an abnormal dna methylation and histone modification status this review focuses on the current findings of aberrant epigenetic signatures by these newly described genetic alterations moreover epigenetic aberrations resulting from transcription factor aberrations such as mixed lineage leukemia mll rearrangement ecotropic viral integration site evi overexpression chromosomal translocations and the downregulation of pu are also described | MEDAL |
dormant spores of Bs which lack the majority of the alphabetatype small acidsoluble proteins sasp termed alpha beta spores that coat the dna in wildtype spores are significantly more sensitive to hydrogen peroxide than are wildtype spores hydrogen peroxide treatment of alpha beta spores causes dna strand breaks more readily than does comparable treatment of wildtype spores and alpha beta spores but not wildtype spores which survive hydrogen peroxide treatment have acquired a significant number of mutations the hydrogen peroxide resistance of wildtype spores appears to be acquired in at least two incremental steps during sporulation the first increment is acquired at about the time of alphabetatype sasp synthesis and the second increment is acquired approximately h later at about the time of dipicolinic acid accumulation during sporulation of the alpha beta CS only the second increment of hydrogen peroxide resistance is acquired in contrast sporulation mutants which accumulate alphabetatype sasp but progress no further in sporulation acquire only the first increment of hydrogen peroxide resistance these findings strongly suggest that IB of alphabetatype sasp to dna provides one increment of spore hydrogen peroxide resistance indeed IB of alphabetatype sasp to dna in vitro provides strong protection against cleavage of dna by hydrogen peroxide | MEDAL |
the international union of immunological societies iuis classification recognizes hyperige syndromes hies including the prototypic jobs syndrome autosomal dominant statloss of function and autosomal recessive pgm and spink syndromes early diagnosis of pid can direct lifesaving or transformational interventions however it remains challenging owing to the rarity of these conditions this can result in diagnostic delay and worsen prognosis within increasing access to clinicalexome testing clinicians need to be aware of the implication and rationale for genetic testing including the benefits and limitations of current therapies extreme elevation of SS ige has been associated with a growing number of pid syndromes including the novel card and znf deficiencies variable elevations in ige are associated with defects in innate humoral cellular and combined immunodeficiency syndromes barrier compromise can closely phenocopy these conditions the aim of this article was to update readers on recent developments at this important interface between allergy and immunodeficiency highlighting key clinical scenarios which should draw attention to possible immunodeficiency associated with extreme elevation of ige and outline initial laboratory assessment and management | MEDAL |
reaching to grasp is of fundamental importance to primate motor SMB and requires coordinating hand preshaping with limb transport and grasping we aimed to clarify the role of cerebellar output via the magnocellular RN rnm to the control of reaching to grasp rubrospinal fibers originating from rnm constitute one pathway by which cerebellar SO influences spinal circuitry directly we recorded discharge from individual forelimb rnm neurons while monkeys performed a reachtograsp task and two tasks that were similar to the reachtograsp task in trajectory amplitude and direction but did not include a grasp one of these the device task elicited reaches while holding a handle and the other the freereach task elicited reaches that did not require any specific hand use for task performance the results demonstrate that coordinated wholelimb reaching movements are associated with C1 discharge modulations of rnm SN predominantly when hand use is included therefore rnm SN can at best only make a minor contribution to the control of reaching movements that lack hand use we evaluated relations between the discharge of individual rnm neurons and electromyographic emg activity of forelimb muscles during the reachtograsp task by comparing times of peak rnm discharge to times of peak emg activity the results are consistent with the view that rnm discharge may contribute to emg activity of both distal and PT muscles during reaching to grasp especially digit extensor and limb elevation muscles relations between the discharge of individual rnm neurons and movements of the metacarpiphalangeal mcp wrist elbow and shoulder joints during individual trials of task performance were quantified by parametric rho analyses on a subset of neurons studied during the reachtograsp and freereach tasks the results indicate that mcp extensions were consistently preceded by bursts of rnm discharge and strong correlations were observed between parameters of discharge and the duration velocity and amplitude of corresponding mcp extensions in contrast relations between discharge and movements of proximal joints were poorly represented and rnm discharge was not related to the speed of limb transport based on our data and those of others we hypothesize that cerebellar output via rnm is specialized for controlling hand use and conclude that rnm may contribute to the control of hand preshaping during reaching to grasp by activating muscle synergies that produce the appropriate mcp extension at the AGA phase of limb transport | MEDAL |
through the adoption of a chiral stationary phase in highperformance liquid chromatography and a simple derivatization method for OH fatty acids it became easy to separate and identify the optical isomers of and hydroxy fatty acids composing several kinds of microbial lipids the and hydroxy fatty acids were converted with dinitrophenyl isocyanate to their dinitrophenyl URE derivatives duderivatives which were analyzable by hplc using a chiral column by varying the composition of an eluent separation of the duderivatives of OH fatty acids differing in optical configuration chain length and position of hydroxyl group was achieved the GA elution orders of these duderivatives were determined with authentic and OH fatty acids small amounts approximately micrograms of ornithinecontaining lipids isolated from the serratia marcescens strains were examined by this method to identify hydroxy fatty acids of the lipids as d isomers | MEDAL |
diabetes is the most prevalent chronic disease at present it is estimated that approximately million people worldwide have diabetes representing of the adult population according to a study published recently in spain the prevalence of type diabetes varies between and cardiovascular complications associated with the disease produce a high social and health costs significantly reducing the quality of life of patients and their families and are the leading cause of death in developed countries complications of diabetes with higher economic costs are the diabetic foot which consume about of resources devoted to the care of these patients each year more than million people worldwide suffer from a leg amputation due to this condition between and of nontraumatic amputations occur in patients with diabetes most of these amputations are preceded by a foot ulcer the most important AF related to the OD of these ulcers are loss of sensation due to neuropathy minor trauma foot deformity and IP AVD according to the international diabetes federation of people with diabetes will develop foot ulcers during their lifetime interventions aimed at preventing foot ulcers in patients such as the comprehensive control education of people with diabetes and their families as well as health professionals have been shown to reduce LE amputations by and | MEDAL |
probiotics may be registered as food supplements or drugs this article summarizes differences in european regulations of probiotics registered as food supplements and drugs as well as issues related to the quality of probiotic products for registration as a drug the EU medicines agency demands extensive and detailed quality tau and safety evidence whereas compulsory analyses requested for food supplements consist only in a nutritional analysis as a result the quality of those probiotics registered as drugs compared to food supplements is in GA controlled with higher standards despite these differences and whatever the status of the probiotic product its tau and safety has to be documented in well conducted randomized controlled trials rcts furthermore this paper reviews recent evidence on the use of probiotics for gastrointestinal diseases evaluating all the existing information up to january in all eligible published studies in which use of probiotics for gastrointestinal diseases were investigated and reported no language limitations were applied special focus is placed on rcts or their metaanalyses showing positive results so that the findings may be applicable to everyday clinical practice currently the best documented clinical Az appear to be probiotics tau for the treatment of acute gastroenteritis in children and for the prevention of antibioticassociated diarrhea both in children and in adults in other gastrointestinal conditions some promising observations are emerging but no definitive conclusions can be reached at present | MEDAL |
in a previous study a IP AEP asymmetry in righthanders was found the activity of the uncrossed medial olivocochlear efferent pathway has been shown to be more effective in the RA than in the LE our aim was to compare RA and left MOC inhibition during contralateral ipsilateral and binaural ear stimulation with a broad band noise in order to better localize this asymmetry uncrossed pathway asymmetry was confirmed and the crossed pathway showed a reverse asymmetry a LE advantage these results are in accordance with the assumption that the medial superior olivary complex is the locus of the asivatable probes from bisphosphonates to label the active site of vppase we analysed the effects of different analogues on the hydrolytic and proton pumping activity of the enzyme bisphosphonates with a range of structures inhibited competitively and the effects on ppi hydrolysis correlated with the effects on proton pumping lowmolecularmass bisphosphonates containing hydrophilic groups alphanh or oh were the most effective suggesting that the catalytic site is in a restricted polar pocket BPs containing a BZ ring were less AS but the introduction of a nitrogen atom into the ring increased activity compounds of the GA formula nhchncpooh were more GABA than EDC of the hchncponh nhchncponh or ohchncponh series with activity decreasing as n increased a nitrogen atom in the carbon chain increased activity but activity was decreased by the presence of an oxygen atom an analogue with a ring attached via a fourcarbon chain which included an NH linkage and a hydroxy group on the alphacarbon atom inhibited competitively ki microm suggesting that it may be possible to design bisphosphonate inhibitors which contain a photoactivatable azido group for photoaffinity labelling of vppase AS site | MEDAL |
the p21 of the bcl gene is though to be involved in inhibition of apoptosis it may therefore be important in the modulation of hormonalantihormonal responsiveness exhibited by tumours this T0 immunocytochemically investigates i relationships between bcl protein expression in primary breast cancers and other markers of prognostic and therapeutic value and ii associations of the bcl protein with breast cancer responsiveness to endocrine therapy the Bcl-2 was found within the tumour epithelial cell cytoplasm of breast cancer specimens interpatient IF was heterogeneous immunostaining for steroid hormone receptors was strongly associated with that for the Bcl-2 and it is thus possible that this protein like progesterone receptor is under oestrogen regulation via or the protein was inversely related to markers of endocrine insensitivity epidermal growth factor receptor egfr and cerbb oncoprotein while no associations were observed with either transforming growth factor tgfalpha or ki proliferative status a highly significant relationship was observed between response to endocrine therapy and the presence of bcl protein indeed bcl immunostaining proved to be a more accurate predictor of response than oestrogen receptor status patients with elevated bcl immunostaining particularly those who coexpressed high oestrogen receptor levels appeared to derive the greatest benefit from endocrine therapy our results are paradoxical since it was expected that the bcl protein would counteract the tumour inhibitory effects of endocrine therapies as it is thought to prevent programmed cell death | MEDAL |
we have investigated α adrenoceptor subtypes mediating contractions to noradrenaline in epididymal portions of rat vas deferens contractions to noradrenaline were investigated in the absence or presence of the noradrenaline transporter blocker cocaine in the absence of cocaine contractions to noradrenaline were potently antagonized by rs but not by bmy and so are mediated mainly by αa ARs in the presence of cocaine noradrenaline potency was increased particularly in terms of low concentrations and phasic contractions contractions to low concentrations of noradrenaline in the presence of cocaine were resistant to rs but potently antagonized by bmy demonstrating that αdadrenoceptors are additionally involved in contractions amplified by cocaine in the absence of cocaine prazosin exhibited relatively low potency as an antagonist against the αaadrenoceptormediated component to the response in the presence of cocaine prazosin exhibited higher potency against the αdadrenoceptormediated component in conclusion prazosin has previously unreported selectivity for αdover αa adrenoceptors in PET studies of rat VD contractions of rat VD are mediated by αaand αd adrenoceptors the range of prazosin potencies and of receptor subtypes previously reported in rat vas deferens may be explained by the presence of these two subtypes | MEDAL |
this article explores stakeholders perceptions of the quality of occupational health service ohs delivery in south africa using a purposive sampling technique focus group discussions fgds were conducted in three provinces focus group participants n were recruited through professional organizations of occupational physiciansrogenase and hs-CRP were examined following a single bout of prolonged h intensive exercise subjects and methods the T0 included forty weekold male spraguedawley rats weighing g each the AE group was divided into highintensity mmin and moderateintensity mmin subgroups both subgroups were trained for min daily for days per week excluding sunday over a week period following training the high and moderateintensity exercise CG and a nonexercise group performed one bout of prolonged h TM exercise for hours at a speed of mmin results creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase C2 differed significantly among the groups conclusion the preliminary exercise groups showed lower muscle damage and inflammatory response levels than the nonexercise group T3 the bout of prolonged intensive exercise | MEDAL |
carcinoid PT may relapse after a long time span following initial diagnosis and relapse might be clinically inapparent despite biochemical indications due to a low sensitivity of conventional methods we present the case of a patient who had biochemical indication for hidden disease persistence for more than two decades in a yearold man underwent surgery for a carcinoid tumour of the ileum measuring cm with multiple local lymphnode metastases T3 surgery however serotonin and urinary hydroxyindoleaceticacid hiaa remained markedly elevated and persisted over more than years at C2 between and ngml for SS serotonin normal range ngml and mg h for hiaa normal range mg h despite this regular radiological followup including sonography and ctscan did not reveal the location of suspected malignancy until when the patient was readmitted to our hospital for a hypertensive episode ctscanning of the abdomen showed a singular lesion within the CL which was verified as recurrence of the carcinoid by fine needle biopsy somatostatin receptor scintigraphy using indtpadpheoctreotide revealed a second lesion within the liver along with local recurrence at the anastomosis which was verified by surgery while the propensity for late relapse of ileal carcinoids has repeatedly been demonstrated a case with biochemical signs of disease persistence over a time span of years before final diagnosis is unusual in addition our case reflects the low sensitivity of conventional radiological DUE for localization of carcinoid tumours as compared to somatostatin receptor scanning | MEDAL |
this article contains a comparative analysis and evaluation of the effectiveness of population policies in european union eu countries using multivariate analysis | MEDAL |
the purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of continuous iv administration of midazolam and ketamine on respiratory pattern in six adult volunteers midazolam mgkg and ketamine mgkg were given and then mgkghr for midazolam and mgkghr for ketamine were administered continuously we measured mv rr and tv omr and calculated duty ratio and VT/TI at the level of and cmho cpap during SR of air with and without co each parameter was obtained before and hr T3 the start of iv administration of the drugs with co mv decreased significantly from lmin to lmin at cmho cpap level and from lmin to lmin at cmho cpap level and also VT/TI decreased significantly from mlsec to mlsec at cmho cpap level and from mlsec to mlsec at cmho cpap level tv decreased significantly during sedation at both cpap levels with or without co while rr and duty ratio tended to increase it was thought that when the QO2 was stimulated with co the decrease in mean inspiratory flow greatly contributed to the fall in mv during administration of midazolam and ketamine | MEDAL |
the supply of deceased donor kidneys is inadequate to meet demand to expand the pool of potential donors aboincompatible transplants from living donors have been performed we present the mayo clinic experience with such transplants enrollment was open to patients when the only available potential living kidney donor was aboincompatible conditioning consisted of plasma exchanges followed by intravenous immunoglobulin splenectomy was performed at the time of SPK surgery posttransplant immunosuppression consisted of antit lymphocyte antibody tacrolimus mycophenolate mofetil and prednisone isoagglutinin titers and scores were determined before and T3 each plasma exchange SPK outcomes were determined twentysix aboincompatible transplants were performed no hyperacute AAR occurred mean patient followup was days patient and VG survivals at last followup were and respectively AMR occurred in and was apparently reversed in by plasma exchange and increased IS the initial plasma exchange reduced immediate spin and ahg HA reactivity scores by and respectively over the course of the pretransplant plasma exchanges the immediate spin and ahg hemagglutination reactivity scores decreased by and respectively at and months the immediate spin and ahg hemagglutinin CR scores and titers were less than those at baseline but greater than or equal to those on the day of transplantation despite an increase in scores and titers AMR was not present pretransplant plasma exchange conditioning combined with other immunosuppressives can be used to prepare patients for aboincompatible kidney transplantation from living donors but antibodymediated rejection posttransplant is a common occurrence and allograft survival may be reduced controlled PCTs are needed to identify the optimum conditioning for aboincompatible renal transplants | MEDAL |
when countinglike abilities were first described in the honeybee in the mids many scholars were sceptical but such capacities have since been confirmed in a number of paradigms and also in other insect species counter to the intuitive notion that counting is a cognitively T3 ability neural network analyses indicate that it can be mediated by very small neural circuits and we should therefore perhaps not be surprised that insects and other smallbrained animals such as some small fish exhibit such abilities one outstanding question is how bees actually acquire numerical information for perception of small numerosities workingmemory capacity may limit the number of items that can be enumerated but within these limits numerosity can be evaluated accurately and at least in primates in parallel however presentation of visual stimuli in parallel does not automatically ensure parallel processing recent work on the question of whether bees can see at a glance indicates that bees must acquire spatial detail by sequential scanning rather than parallel processing we explore how this might be tested for a numerosity task in bees and other animalsthis conserved region suitable for total dwv helicase region the assays were confirmed as specific and discriminatory with limits of detections of and genome equivalents for dwva dwvb and totaldwv respectively the methods were successfully tested on apis mellifera and v destructor samples with varying dwv profiles the new method determined a more accurate total dwv titre in samples with substantial dwvb than the method currently described in the coloss beebook the proposed assays could be utilized for the screening of large quantities of bee material for both a total dwv load overview along with more detailed investigations into dwva and dwvb profiles | MEDAL |
respiratory and locomotor emg activity was recorded in cats T3 a precollicular postmamillary decerebration locomotion was induced by stimulating either the dorsolateral funiculus dlf in the C2 spinal cord or the medullary locomotor strip mls at the ON of locomotion both ventilation and blood pressure were enhanced during locomotion the activity of external intercostal muscles decreased but that of the internal IC muscles increased the respiratory pattern changed with the onset of stimulation the locomotor movements were evoked T3 a delay the inspiratoryinhibitory heringbreuer reflex was att stimulation of the mls and dlf evoked similar respiratory and circulatory effects our data resemble the effects observed during stimulation of the subthalamic or mesencephalic locomotor regions we conclude that respiratory changes are part of an integrated response involved in the ON of exercise and are independent of the neuronal site where stimulation evoked locomotion in contrast to previous reports we suggest that the DP of interaction among respiratory circulatory and locomotor systems does not have to be the specialty of supramedullary structures coupling between locomotion and breathing during the postinspiratory phase suggests that this interaction occurs at the medullary level | MEDAL |
voluntary surface electromyogram emg signal is sometimes contaminated by spurious background spikes of both physiological and extrinsic or accidental origins a novel method of muscle activity ON detection against such spurious spikes was proposed in this T0 based primarily on the sample entropy sampen analysis of the surface emg the method takes advantage of the nonlinear properties of the sampen analysis to distinguish voluntary surface emg signals from spurious BG spikes in the complexity domain to facilitate muscle activity ON PCD the sampen analysis of surface emg was first performed to highlight voluntary emg activity while suppressing spurious background spikes then a sampen threshold was optimized for muscle activity onset detection the performance of the proposed method was examined using both semisynthetic and experimental sEMG signals the sampen based methods effectively reduced the PCD error induced by spurious background spikes and achieved improved performance over the methods relying on conventional amplitude thresholding or its extended version in the teager kaiser energy domain | MEDAL |
haploidentical HSCT with tcell depletion may result in donor tcell engraftment in infants with severe combined immunodeficiency disease engraftment of other hematopoietic lines is achieved rarely and pancytopenia and hemophagocytosis as a result of donor tcell engraftment have not been reported we report an infant with severe combined immunodeficiency who developed graft versus host disease with pancytopenia as a result of engraftment of maternal TA T3 tdepleted hematopoietic SC transplant his pancytopenia resolved after thymoglobulin and a stem cell boost TP resolved with RTX | MEDAL |
of consecutive patients examined by enteroclysis were found to have acquired diverticula of the jejunum and ileum all except one patient had multiple diverticula most occurring in the jejunum in onlynine residues with phydroxyphenylglyoxal also had no effect on the interaction with Ad reductase or cytochrome pscc these studies are consistent with the proposal that the binding sites on adrenodoxin for adrenodoxin reductase and cytochrome pscc overlap and that Ad functions as a mobile electron carrier | MEDAL |
a yearold boy T3 PBV of severe AV stenosis in the neonatal period was referred for HLT because of high grade pulmonary hypertension and left heart dysfunction due to EFE with severe mitral insufficiency after heart catheterization hemodynamic parameters were invasively monitored a course of levosimendan and initiation of diuretics led to a decrease of pulmonary capillary wedge pressure from maximum to mmhg instead of an expected decrease mean pulmonary artery pressures mpap increased up to mmhg with increasing transpulmonary pressure gradient tpg up to mmhg oral bosentan and intravenous epoprostenol then led to a decrease of mpap tpg between and mmhg the boy was listed solely for HR transplantation which was successfully accomplished month later | MEDAL |
experiments were conducted on the isolated rabbit hearts with a complete atrioventricular block it was shown that under the effect of acetylcholine gml or eserine gml there can occur luciani periods which disappeared under the action of atropine gml with the aid of microelectrodes it was revealed that luciani periods appearing under the effect of acetylcholine or eserine were caused by periodic depression of automation of the purkinjes fibers this automation depression is regarded to be the result of a relative insufficiency of the active ionic transport processes | MEDAL |
in mitral annular calcifications hemodynamic documentation of a significant diastolic gradient across the mitral valve has been rarely demonstrated and then only with the associated finding of a small left ventricular cavity with hypertrophic left VVI wall we present a patient with severe mitral annular calcification with a significant diastolic gradient and unusual echocardiographic manifestations which include a densely calcified mitral valve annulus with anterior mitral valve leaflets consistent with what is seen in patients with mitral stenosis when recordings were made immediately below the mitral valve annulus at the free edge of the mitral valve its leaflets were seen departing in opposite directions certainly not suggestive of outflow one of the LA although in previous studies it has been suggested that MS does not exist in the presence of MA calcification our present report indicates that significant diastolic gradients can be found in patients with mitral annular calcifications because of the predominance of this condition in the elderly population it is suggested that a more aggressive approach be taken in those patients in whom it is warranted by clinical circumstance | MEDAL |
TFTs were performed on spinal cord injury patients serum thyroxine thyroid stimulating hormone and t resin uptake were within normal range in all patients SS t C2 tended to be low in paraplegic and quadriplegic patients even though they were clinically euthyroid and other thyroid functions were normal serum reverse t levels were reciprocally higher in these patients | MEDAL |
patients with fibrous dysplasia and the MAS which is characterized by additional endocrine dysfunctions such as pubertas precox suffer from a regional impairment in the differentiation of osteoblasts that is acquired during early embryogenesis and results in fibrous bone lesions these lesions may cause bone deformities fractures and chronical pain in the affected skeletal regions we here report about our experience with a SVR treatment of the bisphosphonate pamidronate | MEDAL |
D2 has gained considerable attention as an adjunct to conventional CC surgery with the hope that it may potentially decrease local recurrence rates and improve cancerspecific outcome measures despite the enthusiasm surrounding these techniques it is difficult to establish any additional survival benefit associated with more comprehensive lymphadenectomy strategies when these are performed in addition to conventional colon cancer surgery furthermore these techniques remain unproven by large RCTs the appropriate indications for performing D2 also remain unclear and there is a lack of standardization with regard to surgical technique moreover there are a number of confounding AF that frequently receive little attention when oncological outcome measures are reported following extended lymphadenectomy in the setting of CC the purpose of this review is to outline these confounding issues and discuss their impact on reports describing cancerspecific outcome measures following the use of extended LA techniques furthermore this review proposes that in light of the available published evidence the role of radical LA is currently unproven with C1 RCTs required in the future to determine whether there is a survival benefit for colon cancer patients | MEDAL |
vibrio cholerae a gramnegative facultative pathogen is the etiologic agent for the diarrheal disease cholera we previously characterized a clinical isolate am that translocates a TTS system tss effector protein with actinnucleating activity vopf into the host cells from comparative genomic studies we identified a divergent tss island in additional isolates which possess a vopf homolog vopn unlike the vopfmediated protrusion formation vopn localizes to AS fiber in host cells similarly to vopl which is present in the pandemic strain of vibrio parahaemolyticus chimera and yeast twohybrid studies indicated that the aminoterminal regions of vopf and vopn proteins interact with distinct host cell factors we determined that aminfected cells are arrested at s phase of the Tc and that vopfvopn are antiapoptotic factors to understand how vopf may contribute to the pathogenesis of am we examined the effect of vopf in an in vitro polarizedepithelial model and an in vivo adult rabbit diarrheal MM within the tss pathogenicity island is vope a homolog of yope from yersinia which has been shown to loosen tight junctions in poevents neuronal cell death resulting from ischemic brain injury and that its neuroprotective effects are mediated by increasing the injuryinduced mtor phosphorylation | MEDAL |
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