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twentyfive asthmatic guinea pigs and fourteen AP were included in this study the results showed that the plasma concentration of lyso PLT activatingfactor lysopaf bthromboglobulin btg PLT factor pf txb the ratio of txbketopgfa and the platelet aggregation rate pagt were significantly increased p less than during acute attack but the platelet count and plasma level of ketopgfa were markedly decreased p less than during remission the function of platelet gradually returned to normal bn inhibited platelet aggregation and secretion and relieved the symptoms in seven asthmatic guinea pigs we suggest that PLT may play an important role in allergic asthma and antiplatelet drugs may be used for prophylaxis and treatment | MEDAL |
PAH pah is a disease with poor prognosis characterized by progressive elevation of pulmonary arterial pressure and V1 resistance due to pulmonary i.a. hyperconstriction and remodeling however the precise mechanism of pah still remains to be elucidated although AC agents vasodilators eg prostaglandins sildenafil and bosentan and lung transplantation are currently used for the treatment of pah more effective treatment needs to be developed rhokinase causes vascular smooth muscle hyperconstriction and vascular CR through inhibition of MP and activation of its downstream effectors in a series of experimental and clinical studies we have demonstrated that rhokinasemediated pathway plays an important role in various cellular functions not only in vascular smooth muscle hyperconstriction but also in actin CSK organization cell adhesion and motility cytokinesis and mRNA all of which may be involved in the pathogenesis of arteriosclerosis we also have recently demonstrated that ROK is G1 in animal models of pah with different etiologies monocrotaline and CH associated with enhanced pulmonary vasoconstricting and proliferating responses impaired EC vasodilator functions and pulmonary remodeling indeed we were able to demonstrate that intravenous fasudil a selective rhokinase inhibitor exerts acute pulmonary vasodilator effects in patients with severe pah who were refractory to conventional therapies taken together our findings indicate that ROK is a novel and important therapeutic target of pah in humans and that rhokinase inhibitors are a promising new class of drugs for the fatal disorder | MEDAL |
in three patients with pseudohypoaldosteronism the effects of aldosterone on intracellular sodium and potassium were studied and compared with NCs in whom aldosterone prevents the loss of sodium and potassium in vitro mononuclear WBCs were incubated with or without aldosterone nm in rpmi for h at degrees c T3 two washes in isotonic mgcl the wet cell pellets were weighted and intracellular sodium and potassium determined by flame photometry results are expressed as mmolkg wet cells in the patients intracellular sodium fell from and mmolkg to and mmolkg respectively in the absence of aldosterone with aldosterone added to the incubation medium sodium was not different from values obtained without aldosterone and mmolkg corresponding values for potassium were and mmolkg before and and mmolkg T3 incubation without and and mmolkg after incubation with aldosterone thus incubation with aldosterone did not show an effect on intracellular sodium and potassium as seen in normals baseline values of sodium and potassium before the incubation were within the normal range from these results it is concluded that in patients with PHA the absent or decreased number of mineralocorticoid receptors in mononuclear leucocytes are accompanied by a lack of response of intracellular sodium and potassium to aldosterone in vitro however normal baseline intracellular electrolyte concentrations in these patients may indicate that mineralocorticoids are not involved in the maintenance of normal levels of intracellular sodium and potassium | MEDAL |
the projections from the rat medial prefrontal cortex to the AM complex were investigated using VA transport of FL dyes and anterograde transport of horseradish peroxidasewga the VP anterior cingulate PL IL and medial orbital Az and the taenia tecta were found to project to the amygdaloid complex the projections from the prelimbic area arose bilaterally the medial orbital prelimbic and anterior cingulate Az send convergent projections to the basolateral nucleus the PL area has additional projections to the posterolateral cortical nucleus and amygdalohippocampal area the infralimbic area does not project to the basolateral nucleus and corticoamygdaloid projections from this area are focussed on the anterior cortical nucleus and the anterior amygdaloid area both prelimbic and infralimbic Az project to an area situated between the CE medial and basomedial nuclei based on similar projections this area appears to be a caudal continuation of the anterior amygdaloid area the results indicate that the medial prefrontal component of the basolateral limbic circuit is restricted to the anterior cingulate and PL Az no evidence was obtained to support the existence of a medial prefrontoamygdaloid component of the visceral forebrain | MEDAL |
two ranitidine dosages were compared for the treatment of EE in a multicenter doubleblind randomized parallelgroup placebocontrolled study adults with endoscopically verified EE were treated with either ranitidine mg four times daily n RAN mg four times daily n or PL n for up to wk patients were also encouraged to adhere to lifestyle modifications eg to elevate the head of bed etc EE healing determined by endoscopy was achieved in and of ranitidinetreated patients by wk and in and by wk mg and mg respectively compared with of placebotreated patients by wk and by wk p ranitidine vs placebo onset of heartburn relief occurred within h of initiating either RAN dosage and relief was maintained throughout the wk study both RAN dosages displayed safety profiles similar to that of placebo we conclude that ranitidine mg or mg po four times daily is ERP for healing EE and relieving its PS | MEDAL |
cobalt ferrite nanocomposite was prepared by hydrothermal route using cobalt nitrate iron nitrate and ethylene glycol as chelating agent the nanocomposite was coated on glass by doctor blade method and annealed at °c the structural optical and photocatalytic properties have been studied by powder xray diffraction xrd field emission SEM microscopy fesem and uvvisible spectroscopy uvvis drs powder xrd analysis confirmed formation of cofeo spinel phase the estimated particle size from fesem data was nm the calculated energy band gaps obtained by tauc relation from uvvis absorption spectra was ev photocatalytic Kd of reactive red as an azo textile was investigated in aqueous solution under irradiation showed degradation of the dye within min the exp enhanced activity compare to pure feo can be ascribed to the formation of composite which was mainly attributable to the transfer of electron and hole to the surface of composite and hinder the electron hole recombination | MEDAL |
this work reports the action of one halogenic quaternary ammonium compound on the invitro proliferation of different lines of human cancer cells ic inhibition growth was observed at a concentration of mol and t growth at mol these results seem to indicate that halogenic quaternary ammoniums present a potent growth inhibitory activity on different CA cells lines the presence of a QA group responsible for some alkylating effect could explain such a result | MEDAL |
oxidative AS is one of the mechanisms involved in the acute carbon tetrachloride cclinduced hepatotoxicity since hydroxytetramethylpiperidinoxyl known as tempol has powerful antioxidant properties we investigated its potential hepatoprotective effects and the underlying mechanisms that may add further benefits for its clinical usefulness using an acute MM of cclinduced hepatotoxicity one hour T3 ccl induction of acute hepatotoxicity mice were treated with a daily dose of mgkgday tempol for days it was found that treatment of animals with tempol significantly negated the pathological changes in LF parameters as well as histology induced by ccl in addition tempol significantly ameliorated cclinduced lipid peroxidation and gsh SD and improved catalase activity furthermore tempol alleviated the inflammation induced by ccl as indicated by reducing the CL expression level of nuclear factorkappa b nfκb and RT CN factorα tnfα finally tempol significantly reduced expression level of the bcell lymphoma protein bcl and active caspase which are known markers of apoptosis in conclusion the present T0 provides important evidences for the promising hepatoprotective effects of tempol that can be explained by amelioration of oxidative AS mainly through replenishment of gsh restoration of antioxidant enzyme MICs and reduction of lipid peroxides alongside its antiinflammatory properties | MEDAL |
a radioimmunoassay for the measurement of total captopril in SS and heparinized plasma has been developed prior to the CA serum or heparinized plasma samples are subjected to trinbutylphosphine reduction followed by nethylmaleimide nem derivatization the CA utilizes inhouse nemcaptopril antibody inemcaptopril radiolabel and human SS standards satisfactory zero IB and sensitivity are obtained T3 h of incubation at RT separation of the antibodybound and free radiolabeled antigen is achieved by employing a polyethylene glycol solution the assay was shown to have excellent parallelism REC and precision crossreactivities with potentially interfering substances were low | MEDAL |
the relationships between vitamin d concentrations HG and insulin resistance remain uncertain during an oral glucose ATT was performed in subjects from tromsø norway SS hydroxyvitamin d ohd was measured in subjects with normal gl tolerance in with isolated IFG in with isolated IGT in with a combination of the two and in subjects with type diabetes SS ohd did not differ between subjects with isolated impaired fasting glucose or impaired glucose tolerance but was lower in all groups of deranged glucose metabolism as compared with normal subjects these differences could not be explained by differences in intakes of vitamin d from CLO or other supplements and remained statistically significant T3 adjustment for gender age body mass index PCS activity score and month of examination when the cohort was divided according to SS ohd quartiles there was an improvement in all measures of gl metabolism fasting and hour plasma glucose serum insulin hbac and estimates of insulin resistance quicki homair isi with increasing SS ohd quartile however interventional studies are needed to prove a causal relationship between vitamin d and gl metabolism | MEDAL |
the objective of this T0 was to investigate the PP response of leptin an appetiteregulating hormone to different macronutrient mixtures in thai meals a withinsubject repeat measurement was performed two CG of healthy thais men and women in each group received a single meal of equal calories composed either a high carbohydrate low fat LP hclflp carbohydratefatprotein or a low carbohydrate high fat high protein diet lchfhp carbohydratefatprotein fasting and minute interval PP blood levels of leptin insulin and glucose were measured for a hour period in comparison to the lchfhp meal the hclflp meal produced a greater increase in glucose and insulin C2 but halted OB from decreasing postprandial OB C2 were suppressed by a lchfhp meal but not by a hclflp meal the reduced leptin in conjunction with lower glucose and insulin C2 may encourage overeating in habitual lchfhp diet consumers | MEDAL |
surfactant protein d spd plays a role in innate immunity against various pathogens and in vivo studies have demonstrated that spd also has antiinflammatory properties spd was originally demonstrated in ATII cells but recent studies have shown extrapulmonary expression of spd indicating a systemic role for the protein this study describes the presence of spd in the female genital tract the placenta and in amniotic fluid using immunohistochemistry and ELISA assay spd was observed in cells lining surface epithelium and secretory glands in the vagina cervix uterus fallopian tubes and ovaries in the placenta spd was seen in all villous and extravillous trophoblast subpopulations endometrial presence of spd in nonpregnant women varied according to stage of the menstrual cycle and was upregulated towards the secretory phase it is suggested that endometrial spd may prevent intrauterine infection at the time of implantation and during pregnancy | MEDAL |
renal ischemia rapidly mobilizes endothelial progenitor cells epcs which provides renoprotection in acute kidney injury aki indoxyl sulfate is is a proteinbinding uremic toxin with a potential role in EC injury in this T0 we examined the effects and mechanisms of action of is on epcs in aki fortyone consecutive patients male age ± years diagnosed with aki according to the akin criteria were enrolled the aki patients had higher serum is levels than patients with normal kidney CF ± à m vs ± à m p is C2 were negatively correlated to the number of doublelabeled cdkdr circulating and totaltract degradations of insp were higher when exogenous phytase was added to the tmr degradation of insp occurred mainly before the duodenum the ruminal degradability of insp was increased with increasing dietary concentrations of phytase and for none low medium or high respectively a comparison of the insp content in individual feedstuffs and in samples of the tmr revealed that the exogenous phytase started degrading the Ins phosphate when feeds and phytase were mixed and thus the insp phosphorus inspp content in the tmr was found to decrease with higher doses of phytase and gkg of dm for the none low medium and high phytase doses respectively it was not possible to distinguish between the Kd of IP3 occurring in the tmr and in the rumen exogenous phytase had no effect on total p intake or flow of total p to the duodenum and ileum whereas exogenous phytase increased flow of microbial p to the duodenum and total fecal p excretion none of the investigated rumen variables ph degradability of neutral detergent fiber and rumen kinetics for NDF were affected by treatment rumen and totaltract degradations of IP3 were increased when exogenous phytase was added to the tmr which offers the potential for reducing p excretion through reduced dietary p | MEDAL |
the lithogenic potential of bile depends not only on SS of solutes but also on the presence of pro and antinucleating AF for example glycineconjugated dihydroxy bile salt dimers are potent inhibitors of calcium hydroxyapatite precipitation that CF by poisoning the nascent crystal although most inhibitors of AP formation are anions theoretically polycations should also be ERP and because significant concentrations of polyamines are present in bile we have investigated the ability of these molecules to inhibit apatite formation in vitro each polyamine mmoll was able to inhibit apatite formation and the inhibiting power was correlated with ionic charge thus putrescine was the weakest inhibitor and Sp was the strongest mixtures of PAs were less ERP than were the individual PAs except at higher concentrations although PAs were effective over short periods of time min over longer times days Sp was unable to prevent apatite formation using infrared spectroscopy we found no evidence for interaction between phosphate ions and spermine in solution taken together these results suggest that PAs are modest inhibitors of AP formation that likely function by retarding the dissolution of the intermediate ACP phase | MEDAL |
we studied left VVI lv volume decrease namely the downward displacement of the lv volume curve during the isovolumic EC50 period on the timeactivity curves obtained from gated blood pool scintigraphy in patients with old myocardial infarction omi to evaluate the mechanism and clinical significance of this phenomenon consecutive patients with omi undergoing gated blood pool scintigraphy left VG and doppler echocardiography were studied this phenomenon was observed only in patients with anterior omi of patients presence GI or absence group ii of this phenomenon was examined on LVG dyskinetic or aneurysmal wall motion was observed in the anterior or apical region more frequently in group i of patients than in group ii of patients p doppler echocardiography showed that the presence of abnormal lv reversed flow over cmsec from the apex to the base during the isovolumic EC50 period is more frequent in GI of than in group ii of p these results suggested that this blood shift in the LV is attributed to asynchronous lv EC50 occurring simultaneously with lv volume decrease on gated blood pool scintigraphy in conclusion this phenomenon suggests the presence of asynchronous lv EC50 | MEDAL |
sphincter of oddi dysfunction sod is thought to be a cause of chronic abdominal pain post rouxeny gastric bypass and current practice of performing ERCP ercp with or without sphincterotomy is not supported by evidence in addition to the complexity and risks of the procedure in patients with rouxeny anatomy the outcomes are uncertain and debatable we performed a retrospective review and analysis of postgastric bypass patients who had undergone ercp with sphincterotomy to determine the effectiveness in patients with suspected sod | MEDAL |
intracranial V1 abnormalities such as intracranial aneurysms carotidcavernous fistulas avms and CMs commonly produce neuroophthalmologic PS and signs unruptured aneurysms can compress the third cranial nerve and anterior visual pathways subarachnoid hemorrhage from ruptured aneurysms can result in tersons syndrome and papilledema direct and indirect carotidcavernous fistulas most commonly cause the classic triad of proptosis conjunctival chemosis and cranial bruit but can masquerade as chronic conjunctivitis avms with or without hemorrhage may compress portions of the retrochiasmal pathways causing VF loss cavernous malformations when in the BS commonly cause CA of supranuclear nuclear and fascicular ocular motility the ophthalmologist may be the first physician to encounter clinical manifestations of intracranial vascular abnormalities that may herald devastating neurologic complications prompt diagnosis facilitates appropriate management and therapy | MEDAL |
to determine whether TN factor is of potential value for the treatment of human malignant gliomas we studied the effects of human rTNF rtnfalpha on the morphology incorporation of tritiated thymidine and proliferation of established cell lines derived from human malignant gliomas and normal human BB cell cultures a radioreceptor analysis for rtnfalpha was performed on all cell lines and cultures two of the human glioma cell lines sf and u mga demonstrated a marked decrease or less of UT controls in the uptake of tritiated thymidine when treated with rtnfalpha at a concentration of uml rtnfalpha at uml had antiproliferative and cytotoxic effects on both cell lines the growth and proliferation of cell lines sf and u mg were not affected by rtnfalpha even at high concentrations uml the growth and proliferation of sf were affected to an intermediate degree a colonyforming efficiency assay corroborated the results of the proliferation studies sf was relatively resistant surviving fraction of at uml and sf was relatively sensitive SF of at uml to the cytotoxic effects of rtnfalpha timesequence electron microscopy showed that rtnfalpha at a concentration of uml caused ultrastructural changes in sf including increased intracytoplasmic vesiculation swelling and degeneration of mitochondria loss of cellcell junctional complexes and fragmentation of the BPM studies with irtnfalpha showed a VL degree of IB in all cell lines and cultures sf a highly sensitive cell line demonstrated the strongest IB of irtnfalpha receptorscell with high affinity kd nm while sf a highly resistant cell L1 had the weakest binding receptorscell kd nm we conclude that there is a spectrum of antiproliferative and cytotoxic activity among gliomaderived RT cell lines exposed to rtnfalpha an increased number of rtnfalpha receptors appears to be a necessary but insufficient condition to explain the antiproliferative effects observed in some gliomaderived cell lines | MEDAL |
immunochemical studies were carried out on the ascidian ciona intestinalis to determine the character and CSD of the TKs neurokinin a nka and substance p sp antisera specific for the cterminus of rat sp and for the nterminus of mammalian sp and nka were used to monitor tissue extracts from ciona parallel immunocytochemical studies assessed the distribution of these tachykinins in the central and peripheral nervous systems as well as their occurrence in endocrine cells hplc and radioimmunoassay established the presence of both CT sp and nkalike material in extracts from neural ganglion and body wallpharynx immunocytochemistry revealed the csp material to be present in a population of small neuronal cell HB and fibers in the ganglion as well as in cell bodies and SF in the periphery the nkalike material was restricted to separate and larger neuronal perikarya in the ganglion while in the periphery its distribution reflected that of the csplike material endocrine cells in the pharyngeal epithelium were reactive only with the cterminal sp AS NT sp antisera were unreactive both in radioimmunoassay and immunocytochemistry these findings are in accord with the idea that the tachykinin family is represented by at least two of its members at the prevertebrate stage of evolution interestingly the splike material shows strong cterminal homology with the mammalian peptide but little NT similarity furthermore the nkalike peptide is restricted to the nervous system while splike molecules may be found in both CE and peripheral SN as well as endocrine cells in the pharynx | MEDAL |
for a healthy status the adequate intake of microelements is vital | MEDAL |
lossoffunction mutations in the phosphatase pten phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome contribute to aberrant cell growth in part through upregulation of the mitogenic igfpikakt pathway in turn this pathway exerts a homeostatic FB over pten using mutagenesis analysis to explore a possible impact of this mutual control on astrocyte growth we found that truncation of the cterminal region of pten δ associates with a marked increase in nfκb activity a transcription factor overactivated in astrocyte PT whereas mutations of pten are considered to lead to a lossoffunction ptenδ a truncation that comprises a region frequently mutated in human gliomas displayed a neomorphic gainoffunction activity that was independent of its phosphatase activity this gainoffunction of ptenδ includes stimulation of igf synthesis through protein kinase a activation of the igf promoter increased igf originates an autocrine loop that activates akt and nfκb constitutive activation of nfκb in ptenδexpressing astrocytes leads to aberrant cell growth astrocytes expressing this mutant pten generate colonies in vitro and tumors in vivo mutations converting a RT suppressor such as pten into a RT promoter through a gainoffunction involving igf production may further our understanding of the role played by this growth factor in glioma growth and help us define druggable targets for personalized therapy | MEDAL |
the neutrophil is the leukocyte most frequently recruited into the amniotic fluid in cases of microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity neutrophil attractantactivating peptideinterleukin is a newly identified cytokine that is capable of inducing selective neutrophil chemotaxis and activation the purpose of this T0 was to examine the relationship between amniotic fluid concentrations of PMNL attractantactivating peptideinterleukin microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity and parturition term and preterm amniotic fluid PMNL attractantactivating peptideinterleukin was measured with an immunoassay validated for human amniotic fluid sensitivity ngml fluid was obtained from women in the following groups midtrimester n term not in labor n term in AS labor n and preterm labor with intact membranes n fluid was cultured for aerobic and anaerobic bacterial and mycoplasma sterile amniotic fluid from most women in the midtrimester of pregnancy and women at term not in labor did not contain immunoreactive PMNL attractantactivating peptideinterleukin microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity was associated with increased concentrations of neutrophil attractantactivating peptideinterleukin the amniotic fluid of women with preterm labor and sterile amniotic fluid who had PT delivery contained higher neutrophil attractantactivating peptideinterleukin C2 than did the amniotic fluid of women who responded to tocolysis and had delivery at term term parturition is associated with increased concentrations of neutrophil attractantactivating peptideinterleukin in the amniotic fluid we conclude that PMNL attractantactivating peptideinterleukin is part of the host response to microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity and that increased amniotic fluid availability of this cytokine occurs in term and preterm parturition | MEDAL |
membrane proteins may be key targets in thermal cell killing in the present study insulin IB to cellular receptors has been used as a probe for membrane protein behavior T3 heat shock degrees c heating and binding studies were carried out on monolayers of ha chinese hamster ovary cells binding was unaffected by temperatures below degrees c but above this temperature degrees c it was inhibited in a timetemperature dependent manner the kinetics of inhibition of insulin IB were similar to those for cell inactivation scatchard analysis indicated a decrease in receptor number rather than affinity for insulin in heated cells in cells made resistant to further heat treatment thermotolerant cells by a mild i.c.v. dose of hyperthermia degrees c min insulin IB was also made heat resistant heating appeared to act directly on the insulin receptor rather than indirectly on subsequent SE dependent processes such as internalization the data thus indicate that the fate of at least one membrane protein is closely tied up with the ultimate destiny of the cell per se T3 heating | MEDAL |
we investigated the effects of Ox on regional fat compartments and markers of metabolism thirtytwo to yrold men body mass index kgm were randomized to oxandrolone mgd n or matching PL n treatment for wk Ox reduced total kg p trunk kg p and appendicular kg p fat as determined by DXA the changes in total and trunk fat were greater p than the changes with PL by magnetic resonance imaging VAT decreased cm p ABD sc adipose tissue sat declined cm p the ratio vatsat declined from to p and proximal and distal thigh sc fat declined cm p and kg p respectively changes in proximal and distal thigh sc fat with oxandrolone were different than with PL p and p a marker of insulin sensitivity quantitative insulin sensitivity check index improved with oxandrolone by p at T0 wk changes in total fat abdominal sat and proximal extremity sc fat were correlated with changes in FI from baseline to study wk r or p losses of TF and sat were greater in men with baseline testosterone of nmolliter or less or ngdl than in those with higher C2 vs kg p and vs cm p respectively twelve weeks T3 discontinuing oxandrolone of the reductions in total trunk and extremity fat by DXA scanning were sustained p androgen therapy therefore produced significant and durable reductions in regional abdominal and peripheral AT that were associated with improvements in estimates of insulin sensitivity how influence quality of life however little is known about the relation between SS and mental and PCS health in patients with colorectal CA in the current T0 the authors examined the effects of social network size as well as emotional and instrumental support on healthrelated quality of life hrqol in patients with colorectal cancer | MEDAL |
studies of swedish railway employees have indicated that railroad engine drivers have an increased cancer morbidity and incidence of chronic lymphatic leukemia the drivers are exposed to relatively high magnetic fields mf ranging from a few to over a hundred microt although the possible genotoxic potential of mf is unclear some earlier studies have indicated that occupational exposure to mf may increase chromosome aberrations in blood lymphocytes since an increased level of chromosomal aberrations has been suggested to predict elevated cancer risk we performed a cytogenetic analysis on cultured h peripheral lymphocytes of swedish train engine driverr patterns ed staff must be TR annually in NSI prevention including proper disposal of sharps UP and what to do if a needlestick occurs to enforce universal precautions give staff verbal and written warnings and rolemodel appropriate SMB | MEDAL |
suppression of circulating antibodies to dsDNA was achieved in nzbnzw f female mice by repeated administration of an igga monoclonal antibody to dna deaths from nephritis were delayed glomerular deposition of igg and of the cationic igg dna antibodies characteristic of murine LN were diminished quantities of circulating antibodies to ssDNA were not reduced compared with UT or igg myelomatreated control mice antibodies directed against the monoclonal antidna appeared in the circulation of treated mice after three inoculations of the idiotype those antibodies did not react with another monoclonal antidna of the same allotype one monoclonal antiidiotypic antibody was obtained in hybridoma cultures derived from a SP of a treated mouse crossreactive or common idiotypes were found in of B/W sera and monoclonal dna antibodies deletions of portions of the spectrotype of antibodies to dna were found in sera containing antiidiotypic antibodies suggesting suppression of clones producing antibodies with isoelectric points similar to that of the immunizing idiotype deletions of some of the antiidiotypic antibodies also occurred as the mice aged rheumatoid factors were not detectable in any sera therefore administration of an antibody to dna bearing an idiotype occurring with high frequency in B/W females resulted in relatively specific suppression of the antibody response to doublestranded dna as well as suppression of nephritis reduction of antidna synthesis by antiidiotypic antibodies may have been an important suppressive mechanism experiments are in progress to test this hypothesis | MEDAL |
nine acute myelogenous leukemiaaml patients with a translocation who were treated at keio UH between and august were reviewed all of them were classified into amlm AT1 of the frenchamericanbritish classification it formed of all m cases the patients mean age was years neutrophil alkaline phosphatase score was lower than normal and complete remissioncr was achieved in all cases in statistical analysis patients with the t showed a longer cr duration and a higher percentage of eosinophils than the other amlm patients without this karyotype p less than p less than respectively as an additional chromosomal abberation two patients showed a loss of y chromosome at first diagnosis and another patient did a deletion of p at the rd relapse and an elongation of q in addition to the p at the th relapse although patients with the t are regarded as a favorable group in respect of survival we found a subset of patients who had poor prognosis some of them were accompanied with solid tumor formation only one patient has lived longer than years these findings suggest that aml with the t is clinically heterogenous | MEDAL |
the aim of this T0 was to evaluate the impact of age and disease duration on cardiac performance in acromegaly to address these issues the left VF at rest and during PCS exercise was assessed by equilibrium radionuclide angiography in rigorously selected patients with AS acromegaly but without evidence of other complications able to affect heart CF and in healthy controls patients and controls were divided in two groups on the basis of age below and above yr circulating gh and insulinlike growth factori C2 were significantly increased in patients compared with controls but were similar in the two CG of patients at peak exercise the systolic blood pressure was significantly higher in elderly patients p whereas diastolic blood pressure was significantly higher in young patients than in agematched controls p HR rate at peak exercise was significantly higher in young than in elderly patients and controls p without any evidence of arrhythmia in both groups the left ventricular ejection fraction at rest was normal in all but patients and in all controls the left VVI ejection fraction at peak exercise was significantly decreased in elderly compared with young patients p and in agematched controls p a normal response of the left VVI ejection fraction to exercise was found in of patients and in of controls chi p exerciseinduced changes in left ventricular ejection fraction were significantly decreased in young vs p and elderly patients vs p as compared with agematched controls the peak rate of left VVI filling was significantly higher in young than in elderly patients whether peak filling rate was normalized to EDV volume p or stroke volume p or expressed as the ratio of peak filling rate to peak ejection rate p the peak rate of left ventricular filling was significantly decreased in elderly patients compared with young patients and AMC whether peak filling rate was normalized to EDV volume p or stroke volume p or expressed as the ratio of peak filling rate to peak ejection rate p in the patient group the left VVI ejection fraction at peak exercise was significantly correlated with age r p estimated disease duration r p exerciseinduced changes of the left VVI ejection fraction r p and the peak rate of left ventricular filling whether peak filling rate was normalized to enddiastolic volume r p age and estimated disease duration were both significantly correlated with the peak rate of left VVI filling whether peak filling rate was normalized to EDV volume r p and r p respectively or stroke volume r p and r p respectively or expressed as the ratio of peak filling rate to peak ejection rate r p and r p respectively in the control group the left VVI ejection fraction at peak exercise was significantly correlated with the left VVI ejection fraction at rest r p exerciseinduced changes of the left ventricular ejection fraction r p but neither with age nor peak rate of left ventricular filling at all measurements in conclusion left ventricular performance is more frequently preserved in young patients with a short disease duration although the left ventricular response to exercise was already reduced as compared with controls abstract truncated | MEDAL |
pathogenic african trypanosomes evade the IS of their rat hosts by the sequential expression of alactivity towards morphine was preferentially increased by the noncarcinogens activities towards testosterone and oestrone were only slightly increased by the four HCs the results suggest that even within a single class of inducer various compounds are capable of causing a differential stimulation of udp glucuronosyltransferase activities towards certain substrates | MEDAL |
using routinely collected data we evaluated a nationally implemented intervention to assist HCWs and CGs with hiv disclosure to children we d its course predicts gestational length we hypothesized that crh mRNA in the placenta is epigenetically controlled setting gestational trajectories characteristic of normal and pathological pregnancies here we determined histone modification and dna methylation levels and dna methylation patterns at the crh promoter in primary trophoblast cultures by chromatin IP combined with clonal bisulfite sequencing and identified the transcriptionally AS epialleles that associate with particular histone modifications and transcription AF during syncytialisation and campstimulation crh gene expression increased during syn differentiation and camp stimulation which was associated with increased activating and decreased repressive histone modification levels at the promoter dna methylation levels remained unchanged the nine cpgs of the crh PT promoter were partially and alleleindependently methylated displaying many epialleles rnapolymeraseii polii bound only to three particular epialleles in campstimulated cells while phosphocamp response elementbinding protein pcreb bound to only one epiallele which was different from those selected by polii IB of tatabinding protein increased during syncytial differentiation preferentially at epialleles compatible with polii and pcreb binding histone acetylation was detected only at epialleles targeted by polii and pcreb while gene activating histone acetylation and histonelysine trimethylation occurred at crh epialleles not associated with polii or pcreb the suppressive histonelysine trimethyl andlysine trimethyl modifications showed little or no epiallele preference the epiallele selectivity of activating histone modifications and transcription factor IB demonstrates the epigenetic and functional diversity of the crh gene in trophoblasts which is controlled predominantly by the patterns not the overall extent of promoter methylation we propose that conditions impacting on epiallele CSD influence the number of transcriptionally active crh gene copies in the trophoblast cell population determining the gestational trajectory of placental crh production in normal and pathological pregnancies | MEDAL |
the end of life can be a highly emotional and difficult time for patients and their families advance care planning for endoflife care is one option for helping to mitigate the burden of this experience despite its advantages gaps in endoflife advance care planning participation persist particularly among underserved segments of the us population who might benefit from it this column highlights barriers to endoflife ACP among medically underserved populations and discusses opportunities for greater engagement | MEDAL |
the involvement of nmethyldaspartate nmda receptors in the response to singleshock hz stimulation of the schaffer collateralcommissural pathway in hippocampal slices has been investigated using current and voltageclamp techniques in the presence of mg or mm at MPs near rest the selective nmda antagonist daminophosphonovalerate apv had no effect on the excitatory postsynaptic potential epsp and the biphasic GABA postsynaptic potential ipsp evoked by schaffer collateralcommissural stimulation the recurrent ipsp evoked by antidromic stimulation of alvear MF was also unaffected by apv the introduction of a mgfree perfusate led at high CS- intensity to an orthodromically evoked epileptiform discharge but little change in the recurrent ipsp apv suppressed a large proportion of the enhanced response in mgfree perfusate epsps and excitatory postsynaptic currents epscs evoked in mgfree perfusate invariably had both apvresistant and apvsensitive components both synaptic components had similar thresholds and latencies to onset the apvsensitive component had a long time to peak and long duration under currentclamp conditions in mgcontaining medium an apvsensitive component was recorded at membrane potentials of between and mv but not at potentials more negative than mv under voltageclamp but not currentclamp conditions in mgcontaining medium a small apvsensitive component was recorded at resting membrane potentials and increased with membrane depolarization the difference between the current and voltageclamp data is attributed to the hyperpolarizing influence of conjointly activated ipsps in the presence of mg and PT a dualcomponent epsc was recorded between and mv in all cells examined the apvresistant and apvsensitive components had similar latencies to onset they both had reversal potentials of between and mv the apvsensitive component had a longer latency to peak and duration than the apvresistant component it is suggested that nmda receptors can contribute a LT and longduration MSR component of the response evoked by lowfrequency stimulation of the schaffer collateralcommissural pathway however under physiological conditions significant expression of this component is prevented by concurrently G1 ipsps which rapidly hyperpolarize neurones into a region where mg substantially blocks nmda channels | MEDAL |
to evaluate the performance of an automated computeraided detection cad system to detect breast cancers that were overlooked or misinterpreted in a breast mri screening program for women at increased risk | MEDAL |
tobacco plants that are somatic mosaics for the expression of a cytokininsynthesizing gene have viviparous leaves epiphyllous buds can be either vegetative or floral floral adventitious buds can be either normal or abnormal CA of floral development correlate with i a local activation of the cytokininsynthesizing gene ii a drastic increase in floral cytokinin content and iii a decrease in the steadystate C2 of mrna rat of the homeotic genes defa glo and plena of antirrhinum majus thus these data show in planta that cytokinins a class of phytohormones are able to alter the OD of floral organs and to decrease the expression of three homeotic floral genes | MEDAL |
from a biographical analysis of approximately case records of patients with various kinds of mental state in particular mood anxiety and schizophrenic disorders a typology of premorbid personality SCV was derived it comprises three affective types dominating in patients with L1 AD and three neurotoid types prevailing in other above all anxiety and schizophrenic disorders these types were operationalized so that they could be assessed by means of a diagnostically blind rating of biographical case reports or of interview protocols concerning the premorbid development of clinically remitted patients the material for the present analysis consisted of ratings regarding subjects patients and HCs who had been interviewed within a project primarily aiming at the OD of a novel assessment tool the biographical personality interview bpi this data was used for constructing a comprehensive taxonomic model of premorbid personality SCV and their relationships to personality disorders the intercorrelation of typescores representing the six premorbid personality types suggests a circular order of these types opposing the neurotoid types on one side to the affective types on the other side of the circle circumplex along a dimension of mental abnormality vs normality two types the neurotoid nervous tense type and the affective manic type are contrasted with the affective melancholic and the neurotoid anxious insecure types along an orthogonal dimension of rather changeable vs rather constant habitual behaviour this order is confirmed by the rho of typescores with factor scores of the two main dimensions of bpiitem scores it is also concordant with the rho of typescores and scores on questionnaire scales of personality personality disorders as maladapted extreme SCV of personality can be located outside the circle according to their similarity or dissimilarity with the six premorbid personality types they are necessarily distributed almost exclusively along the neurotoid side of the circumplex this twodimensional model of variants of premorbid personality and PDs is in basic PA with models derived from dimensions of personality in mentally HS and with findings concerning the comorbidity among PDs further empirical studies are required for choosing or developing the most appropriate model of the relationships between personality SCV and personality disorders | MEDAL |
hyperlipidemia has been suggested frequently as the etiology and pathophysiology of idiopathic AN of the femoral head in adults this article reports an investigation of the incidence of hyperlipidemia in patients with idiopathic AN of the femoral head data collected included serum C2 of alpha beta and prebeta lipoproteins triglycerides and cholesterol from an EG of patients with confirmed AN of the FA head and from a control group of eight randomly selected patients C2 of lipoprotein in the EG were compared with levels of the corresponding lipoprotein in the control group a statistical analysis of these results indicated that the group with idiopathic aseptic necrosis of the femoral head showed no increased incidence of hyperlipidemia when compared with a control group | MEDAL |
pyogenic granuloma is a nonneoplastic lesion that frequently occurs in the skin and mucous membranes of children and pregnant women the anatomical sites of pyogenic granulomas overlap with those of wart infections caused by the human papillomavirus hpv | MEDAL |
diphtheria toxin dt and pseudomonas toxin are two distinct microbial toxins which inhibit protein synthesis in an identical manner ie by the inactivation of cytoplasmic elongation factor although mu cells bind both toxins they are fold less CS to dt than to pseudomonas toxin this suggests that the level of resistance resides at some event after binding we have previously shown that pseudomonas toxin enters mouse lm fibroblasts by receptormediated endocytosis a process in which ligand is internalized via specialized clathrincoated pits and moves to the golgi region and then to the lysosomes here we visually follow the entry and trafficking of dt by resistant mouse fibroblasts a biotinyltoxinavidingold system was used to visualize dt on the ultrastructural level dt entered resistant cells through nonclathrincoated regions of the plasma membrane and within to min was seen in lysosomes only rarely was dt seen in coated pits or in the golgi region furthermore the temperature dependence of internalization of ilabeled horseradish peroxidase and ilabeled dt by lm cells was similar on the basis of these observations we postulate that dt does not enter dtresistant lm cells by receptormediated endocytosis and that receptormediated endocytosis is required for efficient expression of toxicity | MEDAL |
to characterize the clinical presentation course and outcome of CO dysthymic disorder and assess the predictive validity of this diagnosis | MEDAL |
acute oxidative AS following a traumatic head injury hi has been implicated in inducing severe AA BB damage and influencing the clinical outcome of hi patients | MEDAL |
cellattached recordings from isolated GS Thy neurones show that on removal of extracellular glucose there is an increased action current frequency concomitant with decreased singlechannel activity conversely activation of single k channels was observed when extracellular gl was increased isolation of membrane patches into the insideout configuration following cellattached recording demonstrated the presence of an atpactivated k channel the atpactivated k channel was characterized by a mean singlechannel conductance of ps in symmetrical mm kcl solutions singlechannel openstate probability po was not calcium dependent and the presence of calcium did not prevent activation of the channel by atp activation of the channel by atp was concentration dependent and the po of the atpactivated channel was unaffected by membrane voltage regardless of the degree of activation elicited by atp open and closed time histograms were constructed from IO and cellattached recordings and were consistent with a single open and two closed states channel openings were grouped in bursts application of atp in isolated patches and gl in cellattached patches increased the burst duration and number of bursts per second and decreased the slow closedstate time constant in neither case was there a significant change in the fast closedstate time constant nor the openstate TC the nonhydrolysable atp analogue AMP-PNP amppnp and mgfree atp produced little NC in the po of the atpactivated k channel when applied to the intracellular surface of excised patches these results suggest that activation of this channel is via an enzymic mechanism adp gtp and gdp also G1 the channel in a mgdependent manner adp and atp G1 the channel in an additive manner and neither gtp nor gdp inhibited channel activityt and has dry batteries as SP source making it more convenient for travel and use at workplace | MEDAL |
prolongation of the qt interval is associated with a high risk of serious arrhythmia ie torsades de pointes tdp however in many cases the qtprolonging drugs is prescribed without performing a thorough checkup of the patients condition especially an electrocardiogram in addition to patient interview we used an electrocardiogram obtained with a mobile electrocardiograph rmhecg in a community pharmacy in order to improve the risk management for qtprolonging drugs a comparison of the results obtained using rmhecg modified i and lead ecg i revealed that both corrected qt qtc values were almost MZ and the rho coefficient was in one month of patients who visited our pharmacy and continuously took qtprolonging drugs had additional risk factors for tdp T3 age female and drugdrug interaction we monitored the qt interval of one of these patients she had received erythromycin for months along with other drugs metabolized by a p cypa benidipine and prednisolone for over years and tacrolimus for weeks three rmhecg tests at every weeks revealed that qtcs were normal s therefore we dispensed drugs without any change in the prescription approximately in individuals has a prolonged qt interval without any subjective PS and the time window of druginduced tdp is considered to be from several hours to months T3 taking these drugs therefore we think that an ecg test should be performed in community pharmacies before dispensing qtprolonging drugs and that the qt interval should be monitored | MEDAL |
patients presenting with PS suggestive of AF or with findings of hollenhorst plaques on fundoscopy are frequently referred for duplex evaluation to detect possible carotid artery disease to better determine the reliability of monocular visual loss and the presence of hollenhorst plaques for predicting the presence or significance of CAS wine calcium antagonist nicardipine on the vasoactive responses of the BA i.a. was investigated T3 subarachnoid hemorrhage sah fortyfive rabbits were separated into one control group and four groups receiving sah nine animals each the sah was induced by injecting ml of autologous arterial blood into the cisterna magna sah animals were subjected to one of the following no treatment intravenous iv saline infusion VH iv infusion of lowdose nicardipine mgkghr or iv infusion of highdose nicardipine mgkghr the iv infusions were started immediately T3 sah and continued for hours serotonin ht to moll was used to evoke dosedependent vasoconstriction of isolated rings of the BA artery days after sah acetylcholine ach to and adenosinetriphosphate atp to moll were applied T3 maximal contraction with ht evoke a dosedependent vasodilatation compared with controls in animals subjected to sah serotonin caused similar or slightly larger contractions nicardipine infusion did not decrease the amount of contraction observed after sah ach and atp caused significantly less dilatation in animals submitted to sah than in controls after highdose nicardipine ach and atpinduced dilatations were significantly more pronounced and of initial contractile tone than in the other animals receiving sah and respectivelyabstract truncated at words | MEDAL |
in comparison to normal fibroblasts cultured in parallel scleromyxedema fibroblasts grew less well synthesized increased amounts of glycosaminoglycans gag in vitro and had ultrastructural abnormalities serum obtained from a patient with scleromyxedema increased in vitro fibroblast proliferation but not the gag synthesis per cell serum obtained after therapy at the time when clinical improvement was observed continued to stimulate FB proliferation thus the SS factor stimulating the FB proliferation did not modulate their gag synthesis and had no direct relationship to disease activity | MEDAL |
rgs and rgs mrnas are regulated in the rat striatum by DA agents the present study further characterizes this regulation in three experiments first dopamine type receptor d and dopamine type receptor dmediated regulator of gprotein signalling rgs gene regulation was investigated in animals with deleted ascending DA pathways we showed that rgs expression is controlled by d receptors either by direct action on d receptors or indirectly by presynaptic d receptors conversely rgs gene expression is independent of presynaptic d receptors second the study of colocalization between rgs or rgs and d or d by double labelling in situ hybridization histochemistry revealed broad expression of rgs and rgs mrna in striatal subpopulations with colocalization of rgs and rgs with both d and d receptors finally to test how far their gene regulation is temporally concerted changes in rgs and rgs mrna C2 were measured in parallel with receptor occupancy by specific DA drugs at different timepoints rgs was rapidlytransiently upregulated by the d agonist skf and the d antagonist haloperidol peak at h and downregulated by the d antagonist sch and the d agonist quinpirole trough at and h rgs showed a delayedtransient upregulation with sch and quinpirole peak at and h and downregulation with haloperidol trough at h depending on the drug used the degree of receptor occupancy did d agonist and rgs or did not d antagonist and rgs run parallel to rgs gene expression changes indicating that certain drug effects are direct and others indirect the precise control of rgs and rgs expression by dopamine receptors pleads in favour of their potential contribution to the finetuning of d and d receptor signalling cascades | MEDAL |
studies estimate prolonged stays in acute and subacute facilities for patients with dementia actuarial projections suggest prolonged stays in long term care facilities for patients with PSD to test these predictions we assessed whether patients with dementia stay in skilled nursing facilities snf longer than patients without PSD we obtained medical records of residents discharged from a snf between and residents were identified as having dementia by icd codes age sex and length of stay los measured in days from admission to discharge or death were gathered mean los for patients with dementia n was significantly longer than nondemented patients n p in a subset of individuals who stayed until death the mean los for patients with dementia n also was significantly longer than for nondemented patients n p los was increased for demented patients even within age CG thus patients with PSD stay in snfs significantly longer from entry until discharge or death it is likely that demented patients enter for nonphysical cognitive related reasons these results may help families and institutions plan for longterm care | MEDAL |
peliosis hepatis is a rare condition characterized by dilatation of hepatic sinusoids and bloodfilled spaces in the CL mainly observed in subjects exposed to toxic substances or estrogens which is frequently asymptomatic noncirrhotic idiopathic portal hypertension nciph is also a AVD of the liver rarely observed in european countries which is usually diagnosed only when the hemorrhagic complications of portal hypertension occur we report a case of nciph in a young caucasian male who was diagnosed with CL peliosis showing ultrasonographic and endoscopic signs of portal hypertension four years T3 a second biopsy was diagnostic for nciph even if the pathogenesis remains obscure peliosis hepatis can be considered as an early sign of AVD of the liver which may progress to more defn spectra showed that the vibrational frequencies of the group are related to the structure of the materials in uvvis spectra of compound i and ii there is a characteristic wide peak at nm the fluorescence spectra of compound i and ii were studied which showed that the wide emission peak is from to nm and excited by nm for compound i and the emission peak is from to nm and excited by nm for compound ii for compound i the intensity of emission becomes stronger with decreasing of temperature and so does the fluorescence lifetime | MEDAL |
accumulating clinical evidence indicates increased aortic stiffness an independent risk factor for cardiovascular and allcause mortality in type diabetic and glucoseintolerant individuals the present study sought to determine whether increased mechanical stiffness an altered EM and a profibrotic mRNA profile could be observed in the aorta of the insulinresistant zucker fafa rat mechanical testing of zucker fafa aortas showed increased vascular stiffness in longitudinal and circumferential directions compared with zucker lean controls unequal elevations in developed CS favoring the longitudinal direction resulted in a loss of anisotropy realtime QPCR and immunohistochemistry revealed increased expression of fibronectin and collagen iv alpha in the zucker fafa aorta in addition expression of transforming growth factorbeta and several smad proteins was increased in vessels from insulinresistant animals in rat V1 smooth muscle cells h of exposure to insulin nmoll enhanced transforming growth factorbeta mrna expression implicating a role for hyperinsulinemia in vascular stiffness thus there is mechanical structural and molecular evidence of arteriosclerosis in the zucker fafa rat at the glucoseintolerant hyperinsulinemic stage | MEDAL |
eight consecutive median nerves in eight patients with clinical CTS were prospectively examined by noncontact laser doppler flowmetry before and after undergoing CTR before performing carpal tunnel PR the difference in the MN blood flow between the values at the distal and PT portions to the transverse carpal ligament was statistically significant p after CTR the MN blood flow both distal and proximal to the transverse carpal ligament increased by and times respectively compared to the flow prior to carpal tunnel release however only the difference at the distal portion to the transverse carpal AL was statistically significant p in this study we directly measured the median nerve blood flow using noncontact LDF and thus demonstrated a significant difference in the MN blood flow between the values at the distal and proximal portions to the transverse carpal ligament before CTR and a significant increase in the nerve blood flow only at the distal portion to the transverse carpal ligament T3 surgery this technique is thus considered to be an easy and reproducible way to intraoperatively evaluate the NBF in real time during the release of entrapment neuropathies | MEDAL |
subependymal germinal matrix hemorrhage with intraventricular hemorrhageseivh is a common complication associated with delivery in PT neonates but has rarely been observed in the fetus we report a fetus with seivh HC and periventricular leukomalaciapvl although this fetus had uneventful prenatal periods transabdominal ultrasound examinationus at weeks of pregnancy revealed seivh and HC and mri at weeks did associated pvl while no events reported that could explain the onset of seivh pvl was considered to be the results of anoxic events associated with seivh in addition to us information provided by fetal mri especially t weighted image permits a better understanding of the pathophysiology of fetal seivh with pvl | MEDAL |
elevated mammographic density is associated with increased risk of breast cancer we conducted a reliability T0 on mammographic density assessments to determine their potential usefulness for projecting individual breast CA risk we used baseline screening mammograms from women in the breast CA PCD demonstration project bcddp repeated measurements from the same images were used to assess measurement R2 by an experienced evaluator intraclass correlations of assessments over time usually exceeded indicating usefulness for prospective applications data also indicated it may be reasonable to include cases identified in the first year of screening together with other cases in developing a risk MM older ages and increased weight were associated with decreased mammographic density the density of the right breast slightly exceeded that of the left among women who developed breast cancer the baseline mammographic density of the ipsilateral diseased breast was confidence interval ci percentage units higher than in the CL breast | MEDAL |
recombinant cdna clones encoding the chicken transferrin receptor ctr have been isolated and sequenced comparison of the deduced primary structure of ctr with those of the human transferrin receptor htr and mouse transferrin receptor mtr shows that their size hydropathy profile location of CS for posttranslational modifications and domain organization are highly similar the cytoplasmic domain of ctr contains the motif tyrxaaargphe yxrf that is the recognition signal for highefficiency endocytosis of htr the ctr has several highly CRs within its extracellular domain including those flanking the putative nglycosylation sites overall however the extracellular domain of ctr is only identical to the extracellular domains of htr and mtr the ctr also lacks three of the six cys residues found in the extracellular domains of the rat trs these differences can account for functional and structural properties that distinguish ctr and rat trs | MEDAL |
a small series of patients who underwent iridocycloretraction between and is analysed all patients had previously undergone PI for primary angleclosure glaucoma and all had degrees of peripheral anterior synechiae as seen with the gonioscope it was found that iridocycloretraction was successful in an unacceptably low percentage of cases and its success was related to whether subconjunctival drainage was established there was no clinical evidence to support the theory that its main mode of action was to permit access of AQ to the trabecular meshwork therefore it has no practical advantages over other procedures which establish subconjunctival filtration | MEDAL |
the pacu piaractus mesopotamicus is the most captured fish species in the pantanal mato grosso do sul state and since its maximum sustainable yield had already been exceeded its capture is carried out only by hooks as mesh gears are forbidden either for professional or for recreational fishing the aim of this study was to determine selectivity for different hook sizes used in p mesopotamicus fishing and to verify which sizes capture only adults data were collected in the rivers miranda aquidauana and vermelho in january march and april six longlines with eight hook sizes were used and we adopted the hook opening as a measure related to selectivity different hooks captured individuals of the same length and their medians were similar evidencing the great overlap among sizes regression results showed no significant relationship between lnclcl and total length of captured individuals in addition the kolmogorovsmirnov test also did not detect significant differences in the size of captured fish several hypotheses such as the selectivity models shape of selection curves scarcity of C1 fishes and SMB are used in order to explain the absence of hook selectivity for this species size of recruitment for this gear was cm of TL when individuals are still immature | MEDAL |
low energy endocardial cardioversion was attempted in patients with arrhythmias of whom only four were receiving additional drug treatment four had atrial flutter five atrial fibrillation three intraatrioventricular nodal tachycardia two atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia IVT and three VVI fibrillation a pacing lead with special C1 surface area electrodesthe AS electrode positioned either in the right atrium or in the RA ventricular apex and the indifferent electrode in the RA atrium SVC or VPI vena cavawas used together with a low energy defibrillator a total of shocks was delivered of which were atrial one episode of atrial flutter was terminated but atrial fibrillation and atrioventricular nodal tachycardia were not terminated in any of the patients both patients with atrioventricular tachycardia were successfully treated as were eight of the patients with VVI tachycardia atrial fibrillation was produced in three patients and nonsustained ventricular ART in one VVI ART was accelerated in two and VVI fibrillation induced in five fourteen patients experienced severe discomfort and seven mild or moderate discomfort and only one found the procedure painless one patient was anaesthetised throughout the procedure low SE endocardial cardioversion is not universally successful even at the highest energies tolerable and with the present electrode and pulse waveforms some patients may suffer considerable discomfort | MEDAL |
examining R2 in diabetes care across regionsorganizations provides insight into underlying factors related to SQ of care the aims of this T0 were to assess SQ of diabetes care and its R2 among aboriginal community health centres in australia and to estimate partitioning of variation attributable to CHC and individual patient characteristics | MEDAL |
we have investigated receptor structural components responsible for liganddependent inverse agonism in a constitutively active mutant of the human parathyroid hormone pthparathyroid hormonerelated peptide pthrp receptor type hpr this mutant receptor hprhr hprcamhr was originally identified in jansens chondrodysplasia and is altered in transmembrane domain tm we utilized the pthrp analog bpailetrptyrpthrpamide bpapthrp which has valine replaced by pbenzoyllphenylalanine bpa this substitution renders the peptide a photoreactive inverse agonist at hprcamhr this analog crosslinked to hprcamhr at two contiguous receptor regions as follows the principal crosslink site site a was between receptor residues promet spanning themay induce a rapid increase in the amount of plaque the aim of the present T0 was to conduct a longitudinal clinical investigation on the antibacterial effect of chlorhexidinecontaining cervitec varnish during orthodontic treatment twentyfour subjects male female aged years participated in the study at baseline the subjects dmfs scores stimulated salivary PFR mlmin and C2 of salivary streptococcus mutans sm and lactobacilli lb were determined using dentocult sm strip and dentocult lb methods T3 placing the orthodontic appliances the subjects were treated with cervitec or a PL varnish around the bands and brackets the chlorhexidine varnish was applied randomly in the first or second quadrant and PL varnish in the opposite quadrant according to the splitmouth technique the varnish application was repeated every months to the same CS followup samples of saliva and PI from around brackets and bands were collected at and months plaque sm and salivary sm as well as lb counts were determined as at baseline the results showed that a significantly higher proportion of PI samples belonged to the lowrisk category sm count cfuml on the test side than on the PL side CSD of salivary samples between the lowrisk and highrisk categories based on sm and lb counts did not change significantly until the end of the followup period the number of new carious lesions T3 debonding the fixed orthodontic appliance was significantly lower p in the cervitectreated quadrant compared to the PL varnishtreated quadrant the results show that the chlorhexidinecontaining varnish effectively reduced the number of sm in dental PI around fixed orthodontic appliances | MEDAL |
current modified live and killed bhv vaccines have not reduced the incidence of BHV bhv the principal viral agent in bovine NMRD complex the requirement for production of viral proteins for immune T0 has resulted in the establishment of a cell line which constitutively expresses bhv gpi a truncated bhv envelope gpi protein was secreted into the SC supernatant of d cells transfected with the gpi gene lacking the coding CS for the transmembrane region tmr the TM domain is essential for gpi stability in the envelope virus infectivity and most probably NK killer cell recognition however we have tested the possibility that this domain is not required for inducing an adaptive protective immune response immunization of calves with this truncated gpi protein induced gpispecific nasal iga igg SN antibodies and gpispecific peripheral lymphocyte proliferation all immunized calves were protected from clinical disease after bhv challenge further nine of ten immunized calves had no intranasal viral shedding one animal shed a minimal amount of virus following challenge but produced no antibodies to other viral proteins as evidenced by immunoprecipitation of slabelled viral proteins by sera from viruschallenged animals this T0 represents the first evidence that a recombinant truncated gpi subunit vaccine can confer local mucosal immunity and establish a strong protective barrier against disease caused by bhv in the NK host also these data demonstrate the feasibility of preventing initial viral replication in the host and distinguishing vaccinated from wildtype virusinfected animals | MEDAL |
persistent viral infections are often associated with inefficient t cell responses and sustained highlevel expression of GABA receptors such as the nk cell receptor b also known as cd on virusspecific t cells however the role of b in t cell dysfunction is undefined and it is unknown whether nk cells contribute to regulation of these processes we show here that persistent lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus lcmv infection of mice lacking b resulted in diminished lcmvspecific cd t cell responses prolonged viral persistence and spleen and thymic pathologies that differed from those observed in infected WT surprisingly these altered phenotypes were not caused by b deficiency in t cells rather the entire and longlasting pathology and viral persistence were regulated by bdeficient nk cells acting early in infection in the absence of b nk cells lysed G1 defined as cdhi but not naive defined as cdlo cd TA in a perforindependent manner in vitro and in vivo these results illustrate the importance of nk cell selftolerance to activated cd TA and demonstrate how an apparent t cellassociated persistent infection can actually be regulated by nk cells | MEDAL |
thrombotic microangiopathy tma is associated with VE cell injury and is sometimes linked with poor outcome von willebrand factor vwf propeptide vwfpp is considered to be a marker of vascular EC cell injury the plasma C2 of vwf vwfpp and thrombomodulin tm were evaluated for their use in the diagnosis of tma in patients with tma there were tma patients with marked decreases in adamts tmaadamts and without the decrease tmaother the plasma levels of tm vwf and vwfpp values were significantly high in patients with tma especially tmaother group the plasma C2 of tm and vwfpp were significantly high in nonsurvivor with tma in the tmaother group the plasma C2 of vwfpp were negatively correlated with adamts activity the plasma levels of tm correlated with the renal function but the plasma C2 of vwfpp did not a roc analysis indicated that vwfpp and tm were useful markers for the prediction of a poor outcome these findings suggest that vwfpp is an useful marker for the diagnosis of tma and for the prediction of poor outcome | MEDAL |
circular dichroism cd is a useful spectroscopic technique for studying the AA structure folding and IB properties of proteins this protocol covers how to use the intrinsic circular dichroic properties of proteins to follow their folding and unfolding as a function of time included are methods of obtaining data and for analyzing the folding and unfolding data to determine the rate constants and the order of the folding and unfolding reactions the protocol focuses on the use of cd to follow folding when it is relatively slow on the order of minutes to days the methods for analyzing the data however can also be applied to data collected with a cd machine equipped with stoppedflow accessories in the range of milliseconds to seconds and folding analyzed by other spectroscopic methods including changes in absorption or fluorescence spectra as a CF of time | MEDAL |
human milk OS hmos are free glycans naturally present in HM that act as prebiotics prevent pathogen IB modulate the IS and support brain development in infants the hmos composition and concentrations vary significantly among different women mainly because of the direct influence of the secretor and Le phenotypes on hmos biosynthesis analytical methods that can identify the differences in the hmos composition and concentrations are a fundamental tool in hmos research this paper describes a simple hmos extraction and analysis for the simultaneous and absolute quantification of neutral and acidic hmos by graphitized carbon liquid chromatographyelectrospray ionizationmass spectrometry this method was validated and applied to analyze hmos in the HM obtained from women this method allows accurate and reliable quantification of hmos and can be used to determine differences in hmos concentrations throughout lactation and among women with different Se and Le phenotypes | MEDAL |
a case of GN presenting as a retroperitoneal mass in a yrold girl was diagnosed by preoperative fineneedle aspiration cytology the cytologic smears predominantly showed clusters of SCs with scattered mature ganglion cells the cytologic diagnosis of ganglioneuroma was subsequently confirmed on histopathologic examination to date very few reports on the cytologic features of this RT exist the importance of considering a confident diagnosis by cytology and of the uncommon age group that may be affected is stressed diagn cytopathol | MEDAL |
repeated sequences were identified in the region of the human tg gene in introns and another repeated cluster was located in the flanking sequences approximately kb upstream from the first exon the nucleotide CS analysis indicated that these RS are members of the alu family the homology between the sequences of the intron and the alu consensus was the alu member studied was oriented in the direction of transcription of the tg | MEDAL |
an automatic implantable cardioverterdefibrillator aicd was implanted in patients with SCA n sustained monomorphic ventricular tachycardia n or recurrent syncope n who were unsuitable for direct ablative surgery or had had unsuccessful medical therapy the effect of patch electrode polarity on the defibrillation threshold was prospectively evaluated two large epicardial patches were used initial polarity was selected at random ventricular fibrillation was induced by direct current and a preestablished defibrillation protocol employed to assess the minimal energy that would reproducibly defibrillate the HR nineteen patients had a lower defibrillation threshold with the VPI left ventricular patch as an anode and nine patients had a lower defibrillation threshold with this patch as a cathode in GA the defibrillation threshold was lower when this patch was used as an anode than when it was used as a cathode versus j p less than no preoperative VL predicted optimal polarity therefore the effect of patch polarity on defibrillation threshold should be assessed in each patient at the time of aicd implantation so that the safety margin for satisfactory device CF can be maximized | MEDAL |
large benthic foraminifera lbf are important for reef sediment formation but sensitive to elevated temperature and nutrients however it is possible that conspecific foraminifera living in different reef sites present divergent response to environmental shifts we investigated how populations of amphistegina lobifera from reef sites located along a temperature and nutrient gradient of the RNA great barrier reef respond and acclimate to elevated temperature and nitrate under labcontrolled conditions generalized linear mixed models showed that interaction between reef sites and temperature or nitrate conditions had a significant effect on survivorship bleaching frequency and growth rates of a lobifera further physiological analyses of antioxidant capacity and caatpase activity showed that populations collected from the innershelf CS highest nutrient C2 largest temperature variation were consistently able to acclimate to both parameters after days in contrast foraminifera collected from the reef sites located in the mid and outershelfs were significantly more CS to elevated temperatures and nitrate our results highlight the importance of local habitat in shaping the tolerance of ing growth factorβ induced protein tgfβip the thfas domain of tgfβip harbors of the mutations that forms amyloidogenic and nonamyloidogenic aggregates to understand the mechanism of aggregation and the differences between the amyloidogenic and nonamyloidogenic phenotypes we expressed the thfas domains of tgfβip carrying the mutations rw nonamyloidogenic and hr amyloidogenic along with the wildtype wt rw was more susceptible to acidic ph compared to hr and displayed varying chemical stabilities with decreasing ph thermal denaturation studies at acidic ph showed that while wt did not undergo any conformational transition the mutants exhibited a clear phdependent irreversible conversion from αβ conformation to βsheet oligomers the βoligomers of both mutants were stable at physiological temperature and ph electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering studies showed that βoligomers of hr were larger compared to rw the βoligomers of both mutants were cytotoxic to primary human corneal stromal FB phcsf cells the βoligomers of both mutants exhibit variations in their morphologies sizes thermal and chemical stabilities aggregation patterns and cytotoxicities | MEDAL |
transient expression of recombinant proteins in plant tissues following agrobacteriummediated gene transfer is a promising technique for rapid protein production however transformation rates and transient expression levels can be suboptimal depending on process conditions att of agrobacterium tumefaciens to plant cells is an early critical step in the gene transfer pathway bacterial AL and patterns may influence transformation and by extension transient expression in this study attachment of a tumefaciens to lettuce leaf tissue was investigated in response to varying infiltration conditions including bacterial density surfactant concentration and applied vacuum level bacterial density was found to most influence att C2 for the levels tested and cfuml with the relationship between bacterial density and AL following a saturation trend SF levels tested breakthru s and µll also had a significant positive effect on bacterial att while vacuum level and kpa did not significantly affect attachment in Az exposed to bacteria in planta transgene transient expression C2 were measured following infiltration with and cfuml bacterial suspension notably the highest attachment level tested led to a decrease in transient expression suggesting a potential link between bacterial attachment levels and downstream phenomena that may induce gene silencing these results illustrate that att can be controlled by adjusting infiltration conditions and that att C2 can impact Tg transient expression in leaf tissue | MEDAL |
the osiris T0 investigated tau and safety of simeprevir plus sofosbuvir for eight or weeks in SH c virus hcv TT INF patients with metavir ff fibrosis sixtythree patients treatmentnaïve and peginterferonribavirin pegifnrbvexperienced enrolled in a partly randomized openlabel multicentre phase iia study patients with ff fibrosis were randomized into two CG a and a stratified according to treatment experience and metavir score to receive either eight weeks group a n or weeks group a n of treatment patients with compensated cirrhosis metavir f received weeks of treatment group b n treatment comprised simeprevir mg and sofosbuvir mg daily the primary tau endpoint was sustained virologic response weeks after planned end of treatment svr safety and tolerability were assessed throughout overall ci of patients achieved svr in group a and in CG a and b patients who did not achieve svr n experienced viral relapse during the first days following treatment and were all prior pegifnrbv null responders the most commonly reported treatmentemergent adverse events teaes were asymptomatic lipase increase pruritus HA and hyperbilirubinaemia no patients discontinued due to teaes in conclusion simeprevir plus sofosbuvir for weeks achieved a svr rate in hcv genotype INF patients with or without compensated cirrhosis clinicaltrialsgov nct the ae and laboratory profile were favourable and consistent with previous data for simeprevir plus sofosbuvir in eight and week regimens | MEDAL |
this study concerns the effect of a day cyclosporin a csa treatment mg per kg per day on autoimmune diabetes induced by low doses mg per kg per day of streptozotocin sz the sztreatment period was initiated days after initial administration of csa in young day cd male mice csa enhanced hyperglycemia hypoinsulinemia and betacell destruction following a multiple lowdosage sz moreover csa did not prevent OD of insulitis induced concomitantly by sz similarly csa enhanced the toxic diabetes produced by a single high dose mgkg of sz furthermore in the absence of sz csa alone induced glucose intolerance associated with betacell degranulation and high pancreatic csa content the enhancement of szinduced diabetes by csa may thus be due to toxicity of the immunosuppressive agent for pancreatic beta cells this side effect is noteworthy because csa is currently being used in the therapy of human insulindependent diabetes | MEDAL |
with the spread of CS polymerisation in dentistry for curing lightactivated filling and luting materials the visiblelight curing unit has become a standard device in the dental office the CS intensity is the main factor for the degree of polymerisation however there are other factors like comfort handling and intensity control influencing daily use the CS curing unit industry is C1 and always changing consumer information is rare and often out of date considering these facts the present study presents a concept of investigating CS curing units in a further study all CS curing units available on the swiss market will be investigated using this protocol newly released light curing units should be investigated in this manner to actualize the existing results initially specifications and features are summarised using a questionnaire several tests are performed to investigate the parameters of the units the light intensity emitted from the curing tip is analysed by the radiant SP the radiance and the CS distribution across the face of the light curing tip as a function of time precise radiometers and a camera for picture processing are used for these measurements density filters are used to reduce the radiant power the measurements of the precise radiometer are compared with those of the integrated radiometer of the lightcuring unit in this way the precision of integrated radiometers is controlled at maximum and reduced output for evaluating the presence and the quality of integrated voltage stabilizer the L1 Vc is varied from v down to v and up to v and the radiant SP is measured the integrated timer is measured for its accuracy in each unit the time intervals are controlled using a stopwatch finally the cooling device is tested using a phonometer the noise of the cooling fan is measured furthermore the overheating protector is controlled by recording the activating and resetting time | MEDAL |
to audit clinical practice during transport of very preterm infants weeks with acute RDS rds receiving nasal continuous positive airway pressure ncpap | MEDAL |
to determine whether midlife occupational physical activity pa is associated with disability in older adults and to test disease as a mediating VL | MEDAL |
a novel brainspecific kda protein p was purified from a bovine brain extract the protein was phosphorylated by serthrpro kinase tpk ii in tau protein kinase fractions at the ser residues of serpro sequences using immunoblot analysis the protein was found only in brain extracts and was most abundant in the BB regions such as cerebrum and hippocampus but less abundant in cerebellum medulla oblongata and olfactory bulb the protein was detected in rat bovine and human brain extracts indicating that this protein specifically exists in rat BB tissues | MEDAL |
this risk assessment on dichloromethane was carried out specifically for the marine environment following methodology given in the eu risk assessment regulation and guidance document of the eu new and existing substances regulation tgd the study consists of collection and evaluation of data on effects and environmental concentrations from analytical monitoring programs in C1 rivers and estuaries in the north sea area the risk is indicated by the ratio of predicted environmental concentrations pec to predicted noeffect concentrations pnec for the marine aquatic environment in total studies for fish studies for invertebrates and studies for algae were evaluated both acute and chronic toxicity studies were taken into account and AGA assessment AF used to define a pnec value of microgl most of the available monitoring data apply to rivers and estuaries and were used to calculate pecs the most recent data support a typical pec for dichloromethane lower than microgl and a worst case pec of microgl dichloromethane is not a toxic persistent and liable to bioaccumulate substance sensu the oslo and paris conventions for the prevention of marine pollution ospardynamec the calculated pecpnec ratios give margins of to between the pnec and pec dilution within the sea would further increase these margins it can be concluded that the present use of dichloromethane does not present a risk to the marine aquatic environment | MEDAL |
many commercial soft contact lenses are based on polyhydroxyethyl methacrylate hema and acrylic acid aa hydrogels the adsorption of proteins Al and lysozyme on such contact lens surfaces may cause problems in their applications in this work the adsorption of proteins albumin and lysozyme on hydrogel surfaces aa and hema was investigated as a function of concentration of protein also the effects of ph and ionic strength of protein solution on the adsorption of protein were examined the obtained results indicated that the degree of adsorption of protein increased with the concentration of protein and the adsorption of albumin on hema surface at the studied phs was higher than aa surface whereas the adsorption of lysozyme on aa surface at the same phs was higher than hema the NC in ionic strength of protein solution affected the proteins adsorption on both aa and hema surfaces also the amount of sodium ions deposited on the aa surface was much higher than hema surface this effect can be related to the negative surface charge of aa and its higher tendency for adsorption of sodium ions compared to the hema surface | MEDAL |
an electronic cell that possesses synchronously multiphysical properties is of great importance in the applications of multifunctional electronic devices in this study an overwhelming coexistence of negative differential resistance ndr effect and resistive switching rs SM behavior at room temperature was observed based on agcuznsnse cztsemo devices the long retention time of â¼ s and high hrslrs resistance ratio of â¼ can be achieved indicating that our devices possess excellent resistance random access memory rram moreover strong ndr SMB was observed at RT which provides a great potential application in T3 electronic devices finally the combined PCS MM of conductive filament and schottky barrier reinstallment is demonstrated to explain the coexistence phenomenon thus in this study we propose a new strategy for preparing a multifunctional electronic device with multiple PCS attributes in the future | MEDAL |
the chikungunya virus epidemic that occurred on reunion island from may to the end of affected of the population more than people as a result of its major clinical impact this outbreak allowed better documentation of the acute phase of the disease the disease generally has a slowly selflimiting course over a period of several months with rheumatic manifestations for practitioners these symptoms raise numerous questions at several C2 ie i role of the virus in pain ii most AGA treatment and iii prevention of development of chronic symptoms this T0 in two patient cohorts on reunion island was carried out in an attempt to improve understanding and management of chronic rheumatic manifestations following chikungunya virus infection findings in patients presenting painful manifestations following chikungunya virus infection showed that the risk of developing inflammatory polyarthritis was higher if the initial acute phase lasted longer than weeks based on this observation it is recommended that these patients undergo rheumatologic DUE at months to assess the need for possible immunosuppressor treatment methotrexate | MEDAL |
we have studied the inactivation of highvoltageactivated hva omegaconotoxinsensitive ntype IT in embryonic chick dorsal root ganglion drg neurons Vc steps from to mv produced inward ca currents that inactivated in a biphasic manner and were fit well with the sum of two exponentials with time constants of approximately ms and s as reported previously upon depolarization of the holding potential to mv n current amplitude was significantly reduced and the rapid phase of inactivation all but eliminated nowycky m c a p fox and r w tsien nature fox a p m c nowycky and r w tsien a journal of physiology swandulla d and c m ARM journal of general physiology plummer m r d e logothetis and p hess neuron regan l j d w sah and b p bean neuron cox d h and k dunlap journal of neuroscience such kinetic properties might be explained by a MM in which n channels inactivate by both fast and slow voltagedependent processes alternatively kinetic models of cadependent inactivation suggest that the biphasic kinetics and holdingpotentialdependence of n current inactivation could be due to a combination of cadependent and slow voltagedependent inactivation mechanisms to distinguish between these possibilities we have performed several experiments to test for the presence of cadependent inactivation three lines of evidence suggest that n channels inactivate in a cadependent manner a the total extent of inactivation increased and the ratio of rapid to slow inactivation increased approximately twofold when the concentration of the ca buffer egta in the patch pipette was reduced from to mm b with low intracellular egta concentrations mm the ratio of rapid to slow inactivation was additionally increased when the extracellular ca concentration was raised from to mm c substituting na for ca as the permeant ion eliminated the rapid phase of inactivation other results do not support the notion of currentdependent inactivation however although high intracellular egta mm or bapta mm concentrations suppressed the rapid phase inactivation they did not eliminate it increasing the extracellular ca from to mm had little effect on this residual fast inactivation indicating that it is not appreciably sensitive to ca influx under these conditionsabstract truncated at words | MEDAL |
male specific rna frna coliphages are used as indicators of fecal contamination and for source tracking however collecting fecal samples for analysis from remote sites is problematic due to the need for an uninterrupted cold chain to guarantee sample suitability for downstream molecular detection of these coliphages here we investigated the feasibility of using filter paper as a collection and storage vehicle for frna coliphages various concentrations to pfu of two frna coliphages ms and qβ were prepared in lambda buffer or a bovine manure slurry spotted onto filter paper disks dried and maintained at °c for up to days nucleic acids were extracted from the spotted filter paper disks at and days post inoculation and analyzed by real time rtpcr frna coliphages at concentrations of pfufilter paper unit were readily detected and only a slight decrease in nucleic acid detection was observed over time furthermore the sensitivity of real time rtpcr PCD of the frna coliphage rna was similar between the developed filter paper sampling methodology and traditional cold storage these results indicate that filter paper is a suitable storage and transport medium for frna coliphages when refrigeration is not possible | MEDAL |
the aim of the present study was to pathological and molecular investigation of porcine sapelovirus psv in naturally INF indian pigs of various age CG eight samples out of necropsied animals were positive for psv on the basis of pathological and molecular investigation L1 lesions of psv positive cases were thickening and clouding of meninges congestion in BB severe to moderate congestion in lungs along with froathy exudates in trachea thickening of intestinal mucosa especially mucosal folds of ileum microscopic lesions of psv positive cases in cns were perivascular cuffing neuronophagia and focal gliosis in lungs interstitial pneumonia was noticed in all cases and intestinal lesions comprised of sloughing of villi epithelium moderate to severe congestion of blood vessels and infiltration of MNC cells mainly plasma cells in both large and small intestine rtpcr results of total cases examined for psv were targeted for psv d polymerase utr region and vp gene respectively genetic characterization was done on the basis of viral capsid protein vp gene of psv the sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of amplified vp gene product showed maximum identity with south korean kj and indian ky strain of psv further explorative surveillance and epidemiological studies are suggested to find out the real impact of this economically important disease affecting pigs population of india | MEDAL |
reciprocal interactions between two extraembryonic tissues the extraembryonic ectoderm and the VE and the pluripotent epiblast are required for the establishment of AP polarity in the mouse T3 implantation two visceral endoderm cell types can be distinguished in the embryonic and extraembryonic regions of the egg cylinder in the embryonic region the specification of the anterior VE ave is central to the process of AP patterning despite recent advances in our understanding of the molecular interactions underlying the differentiation of the visceral endoderm little is known about how cells colonise the three regions of the tissue | MEDAL |
resistance to chemotherapy is a critical issue in the management of breast cancer patients the nature of clinical DR is likely to be multifactorial however in the last decade considerable attention has been dedicated to the role played by membrane transporter proteins belonging to the atp binding cassette protein superfamily and in particular by the mdr product pglycoprotein pgp and the multidrug resistance protein mrp heterogeneity of results is a common feature of studies evaluating the expression and prognostic role of these proteins due to both methodological and biological factors nonetheless pgp and mrp are detected in a significant proportion of untreated breast cancers on average and respectively by immunohistochemistry without a clear and consistent association with CA stage SE to chemotherapy increases the expression of both proteins in vitro studies on primary cultures of BCCs obtained at surgery consistently show an association between pgp protein or mdr mrna expression and resistance to chemotherapy however the rho with clinical drug resistance is not as well defined a stronger association of pgpmdr with response rates has been observed when expression or an increase in expression are detected immediately following chemotherapy correlations with prognosis appear more evident in studies using immunohistochemistry in adjuvant and neoadjuvant settings evidence of clinical reversal of DR by verapamil suggests a PET role of pgp in drug resistance although the significance of the evidence is generally weakened by poor trial designs future studies should take into account the multifactorial nature of DR in breast CA and use standardized approaches with adequate controls expression studies should be complemented by welldesigned trials of drugresistance reversal using targetspecific chemosensitizing agents and relating the results to the levels of expression of the target proteins | MEDAL |
fullthickness RA VVI latissimus dorsi CMP with the medtronic cardiomyostimulator medtronic inc minneapolis minn was performed in a chronic canine model in one group n the latissimus dorsi was electrically preconditioned before cardiomyoplasty in a second group n cardiomyoplasty was performed and the muscle was progressively stimulated with conditioning accomplished while the LD was SF-36 on the ventricle the contribution of the stimulated latissimus dorsi to global VVI CF was assessed and the effects of varying muscle stimulation parameters on latissimus dorsi function and hemodynamics were examined right ventricular SP increased from to mm hg the rate of pressure rise increased from to mm hgsec right ventricular ejection fraction was measured in two dogs and increased with latissimus dorsi stimulation from to although the sample size was small there was no difference observed between the preconditioned and nonpreconditioned groups right VVI SP rate of pressure rise and percent LD fiber shortening increased as Vc and burst frequency of the muscle stimulus increased whereas increasing the burst duration had little effect in two dogs so studied LD dynamic cardiomyoplasty can CF as a partial myocardial replacement in a chronic canine model apparently without preconditioning of the muscle the degree of cardiac assist obtained with cardiomyoplasty appears to be influenced by the Vc and frequency of the CS- applied to the muscle although it is unclear whether these results can be extrapolated to the left IVT this technique may find application in the treatment of ventricular aneurysm or ventricular RT | MEDAL |
distribution of 2-DG and hdopaminederived radioactivity in the mouse adrenal medulla and nerve endings in the capsule was examined by autoradiography nerve endings and medullary chromaffin cells exhibited an accumulation of hdopamine but not hdeoxyglucose indicating that their amine uptake system does not require HG consumption rate as is required to generate action potential the study also indicated that uneven capacity in handling dopamine within a single type of chromaffin cell peripheral cells incorporate more dopamine than those in the center was not due to different rate of gl utilization | MEDAL |
temporary transfer to hemodialysis as a peritoneal rest may be a rescue therapy to recover ultrafiltration uf in patients who develop peritoneal hyperpermeability as a complication of CAPD capd however peritoneal sclerosis has been reported after peritoneal pause since the beginning of our capd program in elective peritoneal pauses have been performed in patients who developed type i UF failure dp creatinine T3 months on capd eight patients recovered uf and remained on capd with standard solutions for months more minimum months maximum months only of those patients were later switched to hemodialysis because of recurring uf failure one patient remains on capd months of followup four patients failed to respond and were permanently transferred to hemodialysis without signs of developing EPS the failed pauses were performed later T3 the detection of uf failure than were the successful ones days vs days in our study of peritoneal pauses successfully treated type i uf failure and prolonged capd retention if a pause is initiated soon T3 diagnosis of uf failure results may improve further we urge prospective studies to better determine the best and timely therapeutic RPA in patients with loss of ultrafiltration | MEDAL |
analysis of kb of dna derived from plasmid po of enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli ehec oh strain edl extending in the direction of the recently described ehechly operon revealed open reading frames orf which showed great similarities to genes of members of the type ii pathway secretion systems of gramnegative bacteria we named the orfs etpc to etpo for ehec type ii secretion pathway in addition an islike IS element was found to separate the etp genes from the ehechlyc gene hybridization experiments with a specific etp probe and various categories of enteric e coli pathotypes revealed that the etp gene cluster occurred in all ehec strains of serogroup o tested and is distributed sporadically among other ehec serogroups in addition the etp genes were rarely detected in stec isolated from bovine feces moreover it was found not to occur in enteropathogenic e coli enteroaggregative e coli ETEC and EIEC the results obtained with the etp probe were confirmed by a pcr approach to specifically detect an internal fragment of the etpd gene | MEDAL |
to evaluate in patients with pathologically localized prostate CA the relationship between early biochemical failure ie an increasing prostatespecific antigen psa level and perineural invasion pni on final pathology | MEDAL |
during transcatheter occlusion of a PDA one potential complication is that the coil can embolize into one of the CB pulmonary arteries or the aorta it is often possible to remove this coil percutaneously but at times surgical MI is required the present report describes a case in which the coil migrated to the left pulmonary artery and repeated attempts to retrieve the coil were unsuccessful a left thoracotomy was performed the coil was removed and the patent ductus arteriosus was ligated | MEDAL |
oxytocin ot stimulates phosphoinositide pi hydrolysis and prostaglandin pg f alpha secretion from the endometrium of cyclic pigs but the presence of specific endometrial receptors for ot has not been demonstrated in this species two experiments were performed to detect the presence of PET OTR on endometrium collected days post estrus from cyclic gilts ot receptor density and kd were determined by receptor assay and scatchard analysis hydrolysis of pi ie incorporation of hinositol into total Ins phosphates and pgf alpha secretion were studied with use of incubations of endometrial explants concentrations of FP were logtransformed for analysis of variance and are expressed as means standard error of logtransformed data in experiment mean density and mean kd of ot receptors on endometrium of gilts were fmolmg protein and nm respectively ot receptor density was significantly correlated with the ability of nm ot to stimulate pi hydrolysis r p and pgf alpha secretion r p but was not highly correlated with receptor kd r p in contrast ot receptor kd was not highly correlated with otstimulated pi hydrolysis r p or otstimulated pgf alpha secretion r p otstimulated pi hydrolysis was also significantly correlated r p with otstimulated pgf alpha secretionabstract truncated at words | MEDAL |
a quantitative histological analysis of the major SGs was carried out at necropsy in alcoholics and in a series of age and sex matched controls the findings were related to the different types of histologically diagnosed liver disease present significant quantitative changes of salivary gland structure were noted in cirrhosis but not in other forms of alcoholic liver disease in cirrhotic subjects the parotid contained proportionally more adipose but less acinar tissues than in controls the submandibular gland showed a proportional increase in adiposity and reduction in fibrovascular tissues but no noticeable reduction in its acinar proportional volume neither grossly detectable parotid enlargement nor acinar hypertrophy a feature which has previously been noted as characteristic of alcoholic sialadenosis were evident in this series these findings provide little structural support for the reportedly increased secretory capacity of SGs in chronic AA | MEDAL |
a yearold male was admitted to our hospital because of high grade fever on october he had no history of cardiac and underlying disease for the past days he had complained of high grade fever and noticed arthralgia on his left shoulder PE on admission revealed that there was a body temperature of degrees c and tenderness in the left shoulder there were no abnormal findings for the chest or abdomen on the second hospital day he developed a diastolic murmur which had not been present on admission and blood SC was positive for streptococcus agalactiae ultrasoniccardiogram indicated the presence of vegetation he was diagnosed as infective endocarditis and treated with pcg million unitsday ipmcs gday and isp mgday but he was not responding to the chemotherapy aortic VR was done on nd october valve surgery succeeded and he became well after that time endocarditis caused by s agalactiae is extremely rare and is an important condition which carries a high mortality only seven cases of s agalactiae endocarditis have been reported in japan it is difficult to treat these cases with antibiotic therapy CT therefore we suggest that early surgery should be considered in L3 endocarditis caused by s agalactiae | MEDAL |
infiltration of renal allografts by WBCs is a hallmark of acute transplant rejection chemokines attract WBCs bearing TPS chemokine receptors and the TPS leukocyte chemokine receptor phenotype is associated with types of immune responses ie t helper AT1 th cxc chemokine receptor cxcr cc chemokine receptor ccr versus th ccr ccr ccr we studied the expression of the chemokine monocyte chemoattractant protein and the chemokine receptors ccrb and X4 messenger rna mrna by in situ hybridization as well as the CCR duffy antigen receptor for chemokines darc and ccr protein by immunohistochemistry in renal biopsy specimens with acute cellular AAR n and acute V1 AAR n transplant nephrectomy specimens n and normal Az of RT nephrectomy specimens n cc chemokines and CCR mrna expression were evaluated by ribonuclease protection assay in specimens from four SPK nephrectomies and one tumor nephrectomy upregulation of mrnas for the chemokines interferoninducible protein ip regulated on activation normal tcell expressed and secreted macrophage inflammatory proteinalpha mipalpha mipbeta and lymphotactin as well as the chemokine receptors ccr and ccr were documented during allograft rejection ccr mrna was detectable in both allografts and controls but ccr and ccr were absent the number of X4 ccr and ccrb mrnas expressing leukocytes and darcpositive vessels increased during RE cxcr mrna was the most widely expressed WBCs in diffuse interstitial infiltrates were mainly ccr positive but in areas in which leukocytes formed nodular aggregates of infiltrating cells the number of ccrpositive cells was low instead leukocytes in these nodular aggregates mainly expressed X4 darc was expressed on peritubular capillaries where it was upregulated in areas of interstitial infiltration induction of chemokines during renal allograft AAR is accompanied by infiltration of WBCs bearing the respective chemokine receptors the upregulation of the X4 ligand ip as well as ccr and its ligands in the absence of ccr and ccr is indicative that renal allograft AAR is primarily the result of a thtype immune response | MEDAL |
ten patients with BL moderate or severe otitis externa were studied following aural toilet each patient was subjected to two different treatments one ear had alternate day dressings containing a topical antibioticsteroid mixture while the external canal of the other was filled with the same topical preparation sump filling improvement in the severity of the OE was assessed T3 week out of ear canals improved in each group an estimate of the relative cost of each treatment was made and sump filling was found to be less expensive the results suggest that sump filling is a low cost alternative to ST in moderate and severe otitis externa | MEDAL |
neonatal hypoxiaischemia hi is associated to cognitive and motor impairments and until the moment there is no proven treatment the underlying neuroprotective mechanisms of stem cells are partially understood and include decrease in excitotoxicity apoptosis and inflammation suppression this study was conducted in order to test the effects of intracardiac transplantation of human dental pulp stem cells hdpscs for treating hi damage sevendayold WR were divided into four groups shamsaline shamhdpscs hisaline and hihdpscs motor and cognitive tasks were performed from PN day hiinduced cognitive deficits in the novelobject recognition test and in spatial REF SM impairment which were prevented by hdpscs no motor impairments were observed in hi animals IFA showed humanpositive nuclei in hdpsctreated animals closely associated with antigfap IF in the lesion scar tissue suggesting that these cells were able to migrate to the injury site and could be providing support to cns cells our study evidence novel evidence that hdpsc can contribute to the recovery following hypoxiaischemia and highlight the need of further investigation in order to better understand the exact mechanisms underlying its neuroprotective effects | MEDAL |
a T0 of the transient chronoamperometric response of the scanning electrochemical microscope secm is presented secm transients were simulated digitally with a novel integrator based on a krylov algorithm the transients observed with planar electrodes pe microdisks md and TLC cells tlc are shown to be limiting cases that fit the simulated secm transients at very short intermediate and long times respectively a procedure is established that provided the tip radius is known allows the determination of the diffusion coefficient of the species in solution independent of its concentration and the number of electrons transferred in the electrode reaction experimental secm transients are reported for the EC oxidation of fecn in kcl the DWI coefficient of fecn was found to agree very well with the literature value | MEDAL |
evaluation of harvest data remains one of the most important sources of information in the OD of strategies to manage regional populations of whitetailed deer while descriptive statistics and simple linear models are utilized extensively the use of artificial neural networks for this type of data analyses is unexplored linear model was compared to artificial neural networks ann models with LM lm bayesian regularization br and scaled CG scg learning algorithms to evaluate the relative accuracy in predicting antler beam diameter and length using age and dressed body weight in whitetailed deer data utilized for this T0 were obtained from male animals harvested by hunters between at the berry college wildlife management area metrics for evaluating MM performance indicated that linear and ann models resulted in close match and good agreement between predicted and observed values and thus good performance for all models however metrics values of mean AE and root mean squared error for linear MM and the annbr model indicated smaller error and lower deviation relative to the mean values of antler beam diameter and length in comparison to other ann models demonstrating better PA of the predicted and observed values of antler beam diameter and length annscg model resulted in the highest error within the models overall metrics for evaluating model performance from the ann model with br learning algorithm and linear MM indicated better agreement of the predicted and observed values of antler beam diameter and length results of this T0 suggest the use of ann generated results that are comparable to linear models of harvest data to aid in the development of strategies to manage whitetailed deer | MEDAL |
the topographical and cytological features of the cochlear nerve in normal adult cats were studied by microdissection light microscopy transmission and scanning electron microscopy the mm long cochlear nerve trunk is situated within the internal acoustic meatus the nerve is wrapped like a roll with the more basal SF situated IP to the more apical ones the SF are fasciculated according to their target in the cochlea and follow a helical course with the sharpest spiralling in the distal portion of the fiber apical and basal coil SF are of approximately the same length measured from the spiral lamina to the rostral border of the AVCN the nerve contains about thick MF about unmyelinated axons and a few thin but heavily myelinated axons the G1 shows a unimodal distribution of axonal diameters with a gradual increase in average diameter from basal to apical coil SF the number of axonal MTs and neurofilaments have a high linear rho to axonal circumference without principal cochleotopic differences the myelin sheaths are thicker and the internodal segments shorter than expected from similarly sized peripheral fibers in rodents the possible nature and origin of the three fiber categories are discussed | MEDAL |
in the halothaneanaesthetized rat the responses of neurons in the lumbosacral cord and the reflex discharge in the CPN following electrical stimulation of the sural nerve were recorded in order to study possible relations between neuronal events and reflex nerve discharges a distant noxious CS- to activate diffuse noxious inhibitory controls dnic of le bars et al was used as a conditioning CS- only the responses of neurons receiving an input from both a and c fibres were studied the SN were classified as class low threshold mechanoreceptive input only n class nonnoxious and noxious inputs n or class responding to noxious stimuli only n during conditioning stimulation the c fibre evoked discharge was inhibited in out of class neurons the a fibreevoked discharge was simultaneously inhibited in of these SN the main effect of the distant noxious stimulation on the c fibre evoked neuronal discharge was to decrease the discharge by a constant number of spikes independent of the level of evoked activity only one class neuron was inhibited during conditioning stimulation and none of the class cells were influenced by dnic during conditioning stimulation the late and prolonged c fibre evoked reflex nerve discharge RL ms duration up to several hundred ms was strongly depressed concomitantly a shortlasting reflex nerve discharge appeared over the interval ms this released reflex nerve discharge rr had a constant latency there was no simultaneous NC of the a beta evoked reflex nerve discharge after the end of the distant noxious stimulation the late c fibre evoked reflex nerve discharge latency ms recovered concomitantly the rr disappeared the possibility that the class neurons and the class neurons are intercalated in different reflex pathways is discussed | MEDAL |
among the species p graeca l the fastgrowing long types of shoots twining and creeping contain a C1 amount of amino acids from to micromoles per gram of fresh weight the dominant acid being glu the slow growing short shoots have a lesser content of amino acids micromoles per gram of FW dominated by aspartic and glutamic acidsthe tips of the twining shoots are distinguished from those of the creeping shoots by a high proline level of the total CAA content against in the early OD when the morphological differentiation is not yet complete twining shoots have a free CAA content in which proline is abundantthe relationship between the high proline level and the revolutive movement is shown by the results of analyses of short stems made to twine by the tratment with gibberellic acid proline is abundant only in the tissues possessing the ability of circumnutation | MEDAL |
tensin is a focal adhesion phosphoprotein that binds to factin and contains a functional src homology domain to explore the biological functions of tensin we clonths in ao but not co patients and high density lipoprotein cholesterol was increased in both groups throughout therapy igfi and igf binding protein were increased into the normal range by gh therapy in both groups mean osteocalcin level in ao patients was increased at months with no further NC with gh therapy whereas in co patients there was a steep increase up to months but then a sharp decrease nottingham health profile scores showed significant improvements in PCS mobility and SE at months of therapy in ao patients but no consistent effects in co patients ghinduced side effects were mainly reported by ao patients very few co patients reported treatmentemergent AEs these results demonstrate significant differences in clinical and PSA presentation and responses to therapy of the AGHD syndrome this is consistent with the existence of two entities developmental co and metabolic ao and the different functions of gh at different periods of life | MEDAL |
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