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prolactin prl gene expression in three strains of gh cells rat pituitary tumor cells has been quantitated by measurement of a intracellular and extracellular prl b cytoplasmic translatable prlspecific mrna mrnaprl and c molecular hybridization of cytoplasmic polya rna to cdnaprl dna cDNA to mrnaprl three gh cell lines utilized in this investigation were a prlproducing prl CS ghc a prl nonproducing bromodeoxyuridine resistnat prl brdurdr strain fbghc and a new strain b derived by F0 of prl cells with a nuclear ML of the prl brdurdr gh cell strain prl production is a characteristic of b cells but the level of prl production microgramsmg protein h is much lower than that of the prl CS ghc microgramsmg protein h levels of cytoplasmic translatable mrnaprl and cytoplasmic prlrna sequences quantitated with a cdnaprl probe were also much lower in b as compared to the prl parent prlrna sequences could not be detected in the prl strain thyrotopinreleasing hormone trh stimulates prl synthesis about threefold and inhibit a growth hormone gh synthesis in the prl CS trh has no effect on the synthesis of either prl or gh in the b CS although trh receptors could be detected in these cells stimulation of prl synthesis in the prl strain by trh could be correlated with increases in levels of cytoplasmic translatable mrnaprl and increases in cytoplasmic prlrna sequences these results demonstrate that the graded expression of the prl gene at the basal level and in response to trh is caused by the regulated production of TPS mrna ie mrnaprl in these three gh cell strains | MEDAL |
one quarter of the worlds population is known to be INF with ascariasis it is endemic in various parts of the indian subcontinent with a high incidence in the kashmir valley although intestinal one is the commonest complication of ascariasis in children biliary ascariasis remains the second most common complication we aimed to T0 the various types of clinical presentations complications and different diagnostic tools and to assess various options for the management of biliary ascariasis | MEDAL |
the cellular processes involved in the desensitization of the glucagonlike peptide receptors were investigated by measurements of the glucagonlike peptide amide glpamideinduced increases in intracellular free ca concentration cai in insulinsecreting beta tc cells in the presence of mm glucose stimulation with glpamide led to a small membrane depolarization mv induction of EA and a rapid increase in cai the increase in cai was not observed in the presence of the ltype cachannel antagonist nifedipine however nifedipine was ineffective when applied T3 addition of glpamide the increase in cai evoked by glpamide was transient and even in the continued presence of the agonist cai returned to the basal value within min the latter process was slowed but not prevented by inhibition of protein kinase c pkc by staurosporine and ro short pretreatment of the cells with the phorbol ester betaphorbolbetamyristatealphaacetate pma an activator of pkc reduced the glpamideevoked increase in cai by this effect of pma was fully reversed by staurosporine and ro the ability of glpamide to increase cai disappeared upon preexposure of the cells to the hormone desensitization this process was maximal within min of SE to the agonist following removal of the agonist from the medium the ability to respond to subsequent stimulation by glpamide recovered gradually with time half and complete REC requiring min and min respectively the desensitizing action of glpamide persisted in the presence of either staurosporine or forskolin and did not require an elevation of cai our data suggest that the glpamideevoked increase in cai is initiated by cainflux though voltagedependent and nifedipinesensitive ltype ICa but depends principally on ca mobilization from internal stores for its maintenance the desensitization of the glp receptors that occurs in the continued presence of the agonist does not result from the activation of protein kinase a or cadependent kinasesphosphatases our data indicate that activation of pkc may contribute to the desensitization of the glp receptors but that other pkcindependent mechanisms also participate in this process | MEDAL |
vascular dysmorphogenesis is usually investigated by invasive microdissection or timeconsuming reconstruction of serial sections stereomicroangiography sma was used for detection and analysis of vascular abnormalities in a murine trisomy MM demonstrating PA twentytwo litters from doubly heterozygous robertsonian translocation rbrmarblub male matings to nmri females were studied embryos days gestation were prepared by UV perfusion with buffered fixative and umbilical i.a. perfusion with agno T3 immersion fixation specimens were infiltrated with paraffin mounted on stubs and stereoradiographed at multiple angles transverse serial sections were prepared of the thoracic area thoracic vascular morphology was satisfactorily imaged and trisomy embryos were correctly distinguished from normals in of embryos when independent sma and histologic interpretations were compared anomalous vasculature was correctly identified in all trisomic embryos and one control and falsely interpreted in one normal embryo normal V1 morphology was demonstrated in the remaining normal embryos separate sem evaluation of five microdissected NF from nontrisomic embryos following this perfusion schedule showed normal distension of the ventricular cavity and metallic silver deposition on the surface and at junctions of endocardial cells LM revealed silver IF at the endothelial surface and within the endocardial cushions sma accurately records embryonic V1 morphology for rapid screening of viable embryos | MEDAL |
hippocampusdependent cognitive and emotional CF appears to be regionally dissociated along the dorsoventral dv axis of the hippocampus recent observations that AD hippocampal neurogenesis plays a critical role in both cognition and emotion raised an interesting question whether AD neurogenesis within specific subregions of the hippocampus contributes to these distinct functions we examined the regionalspecific and cell typespecific effects of fluoxetine which requires AD HPC neurogenesis to function as an antidepressant on the proliferation of HPC neural stem cells nscs fluoxetine specifically increased proliferation of nscs located in the ventral region of the hippocampus while the mitotic index of nscs in the dorsal portion of the hippocampus remained unaltered moreover within the VP hippocampus type ii nsc and neuroblast populations specifically responded to fluoxetine showing increased proliferation however proliferation of type i nscs was unchanged in response to fluoxetine activation or inhibition of serotonin receptor a htra recapitulated or abolished the effect of fluoxetine on proliferation of type ii nscs and neuroblast populations in the ventral hippocampus our T0 showed that the effect of fluoxetine on proliferation is dependent upon the type and the position of the nscs along the dv axis of the hippocampus | MEDAL |
the vomeronasal system is currently a topical issue since the dual PET specificity VN systempheromones has recently been questioned irrespective of the tools used to put such specificity in doubt the diversity of the anatomy of the system itself in the animal kingdom is probably of more importance than has previously been considered it has to be pointed out that a true VNS is integrated by the vomeronasal organ the accessory olfactory bulb and the socalled vomeronasal amygdala therefore it seems reasonable to establish the corresponding differences between a welldeveloped VNS and other Az of the nasal cavity in which putative olfactory receptors perhaps present in other kinds of mammals may be able to detect pheromones and to process them in consequence a solid pattern for one such system in one particular species needs to be chosen here we report on an analysis of the GA morphological characteristics of the accessory olfactory bulb in mice a species commonly used in the study of the vomeronasal system during growth and in adults our results indicate that the critical period for the formation of this structure comprises the stages between the first and the fifth day T3 birth when the stratification of the bulb the peculiarities of each type of cell and the final building of glomeruli are completed in addition our data suggest that the conventional plexiform layers of the main olfactory bulb are not present in the accessory bulb | MEDAL |
this pilot study retrospectively aimed to assess the feasibility effectiveness and safety of oral s in heavily pretreated patients with T3 or recurrent CC arcc among chinese populationthirty patients with arcc who had undergone one or more lines of chemotherapy received oral s mgm twice daily for weeks outcome measurements included RT response time to progression ttp overall survival os time and occurrence of AEs aesthe overall response rate was after a median followup of months the median ttp was months and the median os time was months the most frequent grade or aes were neutropenia and nausea the results of this T0 show that oral s is effective and welltolerated in patients with arcc who were heavily pretreated among chinese population | MEDAL |
in FT skeletal muscle the signal for excitationcontraction coupling is transferred from transverse tubule across the triad junction calcium is thereby released from the TC of sarcoplasmic reticulum triggering muscle contraction recently the feet structures of terminal cisternae which bridge the gap at the triad junction have been identified as the ryanodine receptor and in turn with the calcium PR channels of sarcoplasmic reticulum the latter consists of an oligomer of a single high molecular weight polypeptide mr this study attempts to identify the component in the transverse tubule which ligands with the foot structure to form the triad junction the purified ryanodine receptor derivatized with sulfosuccinimidylpazidosalicylimidodithiopropionate sasd a thiolcleavable iiodinatable and photoactive probe was shown to selectively crosslink to a protein with mr of in isolated transverse tubules this coupling protein was purified from transverse tubule by solubilization with the detergent cholamidopropyldimethylammoniopropane sulfonate chaps and then purified by sequential column chromatography in the absence of sulfhydryl agents the purified polypeptide has an mr of on sodium dodecyl sulfatepolyacrylamide gel electrophoresis a complementary RPA using sasd was employed to confirm association of the coupling protein with the ryanodine receptor of TC we conclude that the transverse tubule coupling protein together with the ryanodine receptor foot structure is involved in the liganding between transverse tubule and terminal cisternae of sacroplasmic reticulum | MEDAL |
root surface resorption ankylosis replacement resorption and alveolar BR are not uncommon sequelae to periodontal healing in both animal and human trials whether the treatment objective is regenerative preventive or conservative the present report describes a case with progressive cervical root resorption in a patient who received periodontal regenerative treatment with guided tissue regeneration gtr a yearold woman was referred for treatment of severe periodontitis remaining radiographic att was less than following a period of months during which nonsurgical and surgical therapies were performed angular defects were diagnosed on radiographs and recurrent bleeding periodontal pockets mm were found in the proximal areas of and root caries was not present periodontal surgery with gtr was performed in this area no immediate postsurgical complications were noted two T2 clinical and radiographic examinations revealed gingival recession with one periodontal pockets mm which had partly uncovered severe PT C2 resorptions in root surface caries was not present following surgical inspection the root of was removed the root was subsequently prepared for histological analysis resorption cavities covered almost the entire C2 PT surface of the root above IN infracrestal cementum and were covered by numerous cd both mononuclear and multinucleated cells in a CE area as indicated on the radiographs the cavities penetrated into the root canal there was no evidence of root caries | MEDAL |
all extant species are an outcome of natures experiments during evolution and hence multiple species need to be studied and compared to gain a thorough understanding of evolutionary processes the field of evolutionary developmental biology evodevo aspires to expand the number of species studied because most PET genetic studies in animals have been limited to a small number of traditional MM organisms many of which belong to the same phylum chordata the phylum arthropoda and particularly its component class insecta possesses many important characteristics that are considered favorable and attractive for evodevo research including an astonishing diversity of extant species and a wide disparity in body plans the development of the most thoroughly investigated insect genetic model system to date the fruit fly Dm a holometabolous insect appears highly derived with respect to other insects and indeed with respect to most arthropods in comparison crickets a basally branching hemimetabolous insect lineage compared to the holometabola are thought to embody many developmental features that make them more representative of insects here we focus on crickets as emerging models to study problems in a wide range of biological Az and summarize the currently available molecular genomic forward and reverse genetic imaging and computational tool kit that has been established or adapted for cricket research with an emphasis on the cricket species gryllus bimaculatus we highlight recent efforts made by the scientific community in establishing this species as a laboratory model for cellular biology and developmental genetics this broad toolkit has the potential to accelerate many traditional Az of cricket research including studies of adaptation evolution neuroethology physiology endocrinology regeneration and reproductive SMB it may also help to establish newer Az for example the use of crickets as animal infection MM systems and human food eart and blood vessel related diseases and CA ranging from accelerating metastatic cells to ectopic vascular mineralization by smooth muscle cells in cDNA manner the tissue inhibitors of mmps timps have an important role in controlling proteolysis paired with the posttranscriptional efficiency of TPS mirnas they modulate mmp performance if druggable these molecules are suggested to be a platform for OD of smart medications and further clinical trials thus considering the pleiotropic effect of mmps on mammals the purpose of this review is to update the role of those multifaceted proteases in mineralized tissues in health such as bone and pathophysiological disorders such as ectopic VC and CA | MEDAL |
therapeutic effects of skeletal MT into the myocardium are mediated via paracrine AF we investigated the ability of myoblastderived soluble mediators to protect cardiomyocytes from oxidative AS fetal rat cardiac cells were treated with conditioned medium from cultures of myoblasts or cardiac fibroblasts and oxidative AS was induced with ho myoblastderived factors effectively prevented oxidative stressinduced cardiac cell death and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential this protective effect was mediated via epidermal growth factor egf receptor and cmet signaling and mimicked by neuregulin but not egf microarray analysis of cardiac cells treated with myoblast versus cardiac fibroblastderived mediators revealed differential regulation of genes associated with antioxidative effects cystathionineγlyase cst xanthine oxidase and thioredoxininteracting protein as well as tribbles homolog trib cardiac cell pretreatment with TM an inducer of trib also protected them against hoinduced cell death epicardial transplantation of myoblast sheets in a rat MM of acute myocardial infarction was used to evaluate the expression of cst and trib as markers of myoblasts paracrine effect in vivo myoblast sheets induced expression of the cst as well as trib in infarcted myocardium cst localized around blood vessels suggesting smooth muscle cell localization our results provide a deeper molecular insight into the therapeutic mechanisms of myoblastderived paracrine signaling in cardiac cells and suggest that myoblast transplantation therapy may prevent oxidative stressinduced cardiac deterioration and progression of HR failure | MEDAL |
recent studies indicate that norepinephrineinduced contractile oscillations in the tail i.a. from strokeprone spontaneously hypertensive rats shrsp may be a V1 phenomenon independent of blood pressure level the objectives of this study were to characterize pharmacologically the alphaadrenoceptor mediating norepinephrineinduced oscillations in tail artery and to investigate the relationship between blood pressure level altered by treatments with hydralazinehydrochlorothiazide or the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor ramipril and the observation of norepinephrineinduced oscillations in tail artery the alpha AR agonists clonidine and guanabenz potently stimulated oscillatory contractions in the tail i.a. while the alpha adrenoceptor agonists phenylephrine and methoxamine were considerably less potent yohimbine an alpha AR antagonist but not the alpha AR antagonist prazosin demonstrated high affinity for the receptor mediating norepinephrineinduced oscillatory contractions these results support the hypothesis that norepinephrineinduced oscillatory contractions in the tail artery from shrsp occur primarily through stimulation of alpha adrenoceptors ramipril lowered blood pressure in shrsp after weeks of treatment during weeks of life but did not alter the ability of the alpha AR agonist clonidine m to induce contractile oscillations in tail arteries from shrsp indicating these oscillations are not a secondary effect of HBP these studies suggest that norepinephrineinduced oscillations in tail artery from shrsp may be a vascular trait separate and distinct from blood pressure level and angiotensin ii expression early in life | MEDAL |
visceral leishmaniasis also known as kalaazar ka is generally caused by leishmania donovani organic pentavalent antimonials sbv is the first L1 of treatment for ka however the number of ka patients unresponsive to treatment with sbv is steadily increasing in india and elsewhere the primary objective of this work is to determine the factors associated with the rise of anergy analysis of the clonal population of parasites clearly indicated that wild type parasites isolated from ka patients who were clinically cured after treatment with sbv were a mixture of resistant and CS cells the resistant promastigotes were also resistant as amastigotes in vivo it was further observed that stibanate sensitive parasites can be made resistant to the drug by repeated passages in exp animals followed by incomplete treatment with suboptimal doses of the drug these results suggest that the steady rise in sbv anergy of ka patients in india is due to infection with resistant parasites generated as a result of irregular and often incomplete treatment of the patients | MEDAL |
weight cycling wc induced by adlib and restricted HF hf feeding has been shown to reduce final body weight but not body fat percent in female WR we examined the metabolic consequences of this type of wc five CG of female wistar rats were fed a hf diet and the C6 group was fed a LF diet to serve as a control group of the five hf groups four CG were weight cycled by adlib and RF of the hf diet one of these CG weight cycled three times hfcyc group while the remaining three groups weight cycled once only corresponding to the first second and the third cycle of the hfcyc group hf FF induced hyperinsulinemia hypertriglyceridemia insulin resistance and elevated adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase atlpl activity C2 as compared to rats fed the low fat lf control diet wc further increased blood insulin concentrations and insulin resistance in rats with three cycles of wc however blood pressure was not affected by hf feeding or wc the magnitude of increase of atlpl was reduced in weight cycled hf fed obese rats after weeks refeeding we concluded that even though wc did not enhance WG nor impair WL it did facilitate the OD of insulin resistance and may predispose animals to diabetes | MEDAL |
EPI with steatorrhea is a major consequence of CP recognition of this entity is highly relevant to avoid malnutritionrelated morbidity and mortality nutritional counseling and oral pancreatic enzyme replacement are the basis for the therapy for EPI aim of enzyme therapy is not only to avoid symptoms but also to normalize digestion with this aim p.o. of pancreatic enzymes in the form of EC minimicrospheres is the therapy of choice this enzyme preparation avoids acidmediated lipase inactivation and ensures GE of enzymes in parallel with nutrients despite that AF like an acidic intestinal ph and bacterial overgrowth may prevent normalization of fat digestion even in compliant patients the present article reviews the current evidence on therapy of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency in CP patients with special attention to different potential endpoints to select the optimal enzyme dose for individual patients | MEDAL |
we studied the effects of propofol desflurane and sevoflurane on the SVR redox balance in patients undergoing laparohysterectomy we measured blood concentration of glutathione gsh plasma antioxidant capacity trolox equivalent antioxidant capacityteac and lipid peroxidation products malondialdehyde amda and hydroxynonenal ahne protein adducts sixty patients were randomly placed into three CG of twenty people each in group p anesthesia was induced with propofol mgkg and maintained with mgkgmin in groups s and d anesthesia was induced with mgkg sodium thiopental and maintained with percent sevoflurane and percent DES respectively blood samples were collected prior to induction t bas min and h postoperatively t and t h in group p gsh increased on t and returned to baseline on th while teac remained unmodified in groups s gsh and teac decreased on t in group d on t there was a slight decrease of gsh and teac the levels of amda slightly decreased throughout the study periods in group p increased in group d and remained SD in group s propofol showed antioxidant properties while sevoflurane and desflurane seemed to shift the redox balance towards oxidation yet without inducing overt oxidative damage | MEDAL |
the purpose of this preliminary T0 was to evaluate the clinical performance of chairsidegenerated crowns over a preliminary time period of months fortyone posterior crowns made of a machinable lithium disilicate ceramic for fullcontour crowns were inserted in patients using a chairside computeraided designcomputerassisted manufacturing technique the crowns were evaluated at baseline and after and months according to modified united states public health service criteria T3 years all reexamined crowns n were in situ one abutment exhibited secondary caries and two abutments received root canal treatment within the limited observation period the crowns revealed clinically satisfying results | MEDAL |
the polymeric lanthanide complexes lnmuchochcochochco hoxhon lnla eu gd formed from the reaction of aqueous solutions of anisolesquarate and lnnoxho are all structurally similar with only subtle differences between the lanthanum complex and the isomorphous pair of europium and gadolinium analogues the lanthanum atom in has a square antiprismatic coordination geometry comprising two pendant and two mubridging anisolesquarate groups and four aqua ligands complexes and have two independent metal atoms in their asymmetric units compared to one for the lanthanum complex however the gross structures of are essentially the same the asymmetric unit of the terbium complex chochcotbhomuchochcochochcotbhoho contains two independent binuclear units which hydrogen bond to form an D2 structure very similar to those of the ionic polymers lnmucohochnhcohon lneu gd tb result from the incomplete hydrolysis of the anilinosquarate ion during the attempted synthesis of euiii gdiii and tbiii anilinosquarate complexes however CR hydrolysis of the substituent is accomplished by laiii ions and the neutral CP lamucomucohohon is formed in complexes the CE lanthanide atom has a square antiprismatic geometry being bonded to two mubridging squarate and six aqua ligands two anilinosquarate counteranions participate in secondsphere coordination via direct hydrogen bonding to aqua ligands on each metal center these counteranions and the included waters of crystallization serve to link neighboring cationic polymer chains via an extensive array of oho hydrogen bonds to form a dimensional network the polymeric lanthanum complex contains two different metal environments each having distorted monocapped square antiprismatic geometry for one lanthanum atom the coordination polyhedron comprises five aqua and four squarate ligands while for the other the polyhedron consists of six aqua and three squarate ligands in each case one of the aqua ligands occupies the capping position the squarate ligand exhibits two coordination modes in mu and mubridging and neighboring CP chains are crosslinked by hydrogen bonds to form a dimensional network | MEDAL |
total or supplementary parenteral nutrition is a main part of therapy of sick PT and newborn infants it becomes necessary when oral FF is not or not completely possible administration of lipids for parenteral feeding has the following advantages wellbalanced nutrition concerning calories high energy density in low volume blood isotonicity infusion into peripheral veins is possible lack of essential fatty acids is avoided before starting parenteral nutrition acidosis hypoxaemia hyperglycaemia and insufficient circulation must have been treated the fat supply is being increased stepwise up to a dosage of gkg bwtday whilst controlling the serum TG the fat w/o/w is continuously applied for h contraindications to this are shock disturbances of blood coagulation and of fat metabolism complications are avoided by an AGA and standardized nutritional programme and sufficient clinical and laboratory control | MEDAL |
to measure and investigate changes of blood flow velocity by color doppler imaging in the OA oa central retinal artery cra and short posterior ciliary arteries pca in DR dr and to compare the results with those in healthy control subjects | MEDAL |
the purpose of this T0 was to assess the reliability and validity of a portable metabolic system teem during submaximal and maximal vomax exercise using a computerbased metabolic system as the REF system ref between repeated trials of submaximal exercise at three constant loads differences in ventilation ve and oxygen consumption vo were l min and l min for ref and l min and l min for teem pooled intraclass reliability coefficients for ve and vo calculated from the repeated submaximal trials were r and r for ref and r and r for the teem respiratory exchange ratio rer measured by the teem was significantly higher p at only the lowest workload at vomax the teem recorded significantly higher values for feo p and rer p these results suggest that the teem provides reliable and valid measurements of vo during submaximal and VO2max | MEDAL |
HC virus hcv infection causes CH which can progress to cirrhosis and HCC carcinoma hcc the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in the united states tripled between and and is expected to increase further and to remain elevated for more than years curing hepatitis c infection in patients with cirrhosis through treatment with peginterferon and ribavirin reduces the risk of developing HCC carcinoma several noncurative treatments also appear to reduce the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic SH c prospective studies report a reduced incidence of HCC carcinoma among patients treated with a mixture of carotenoids with or without Ins with vitamin kâ or with polyprenoic acid an acyclic retinoid uncontrolled andor retrospective studies have reported beneficial effects of treatment with SST glycyrrhizin and ursodeoxycholic acid on HCC carcinoma incidence metaanalyses of epidemiologic studies show a reduced risk of HCC carcinoma among MLD patients who drink two or more cups of coffee per day numerous agents prevent or reduce hepatocarcinogenesis in animal models an ongoing phase ii CT is evaluating sadenosylmethionine same as a potential chemopreventive agent in SH c cirrhosis overall these data suggest that chemoprevention of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic HC is an achievable objective | MEDAL |
the cd receptor is a cell surface glycoprotein which mediates many physiological and pathological activities its key role is to provide defence against inflammatory reactions by cellular transmigration and cell signalling in pathological conditions it gives destructive outcomes by mediating migration of pathogenic cells to vital organs resulting in tissue and organ damage it binds to several ligands principally the hyaluronan | MEDAL |
the treatment of lymphedema aims to reduce the volume and prevent infectious and joints mobility complications this treatment rarely cure and is usually symptomatic thus it should be continued throughout the life the erysipelas and lymphangitis are common complications of LE erysipela is always of streptococcal origin and requires systemic antibiotics the risk of recurrent erysipelas on LE is high in case of large swelling associated with significant dermal sclerosis it may lead to decrease joint mobility and PET impairment the skin cares MLD compression therapy with bandages and exercises are the four pillars of the complex decongestive therapy of limb lymphedema compression is the most important treatment LE can be improved by only bandages but a sustained improvement of LE cannot be seen without bandages the effectiveness of treatment must be evaluated by objective methods measuring the perimeters of members or volumes the management of LE includes three phases attack or initial treatment that aims to reduce volume of the LE and maintenance phase to maintain the result and finally withdrawal phase in the attack phase we use complex decongestive therapy mainly multilayer inelastic bandaging and manual lymphatic drainage mld in the maintenance phase we use elastic compression stockings or sleeves possibly associated with mld at all stages skin care and exercises are used adjuvant treatments may be useful IPC drug treatment surgery is rarely used except for genital lymphedema the therapeutic management of LE is difficult but has a variety of techniques the complex decongestive therapy is very ERP to restore a better quality of life even though it does not provide a cure for LE | MEDAL |
twenty years ago it was shown that recruitment of gl transporters from an internal membrane compartment to the plasma membrane led to increased glucose uptake into fat and muscle cells stimulated by insulin the final step of this process is the fusion of gl transporter glutcontaining LDV with the plasma membrane the identification of a neuronal soluble NSF attachment protein receptor snare complex as a requirement for synaptic vesicleplasma membrane fusion led to the search for rat complexes outside the NS indeed isoforms of the neuronal snares were identified in muscle and fat cells and were shown to be required for glut incorporation into the cell membrane in addition proteins that bind to nonneuronal snares were cloned and proposed to regulate vesicle fusion we have summarized the molecular mechanisms leading to membrane fusion in nonneuronal systems focusing on the role of snares and accessory proteins muncc synip rab and vap in incorporation of glut into the plasma membrane potential modes of regulation of this process are discussed including snare phosphorylation and interaction with the CSK | MEDAL |
many patients receiving sustainedaction narcotics during therapy for heroin addiction have symptoms of fatigue depression diminished libido and impaired sexual function they are rarely however evaluated for narcoticinduced hypogonadism or treated with sexhormone replacement studies are reviewed examining the influence of narcotic administration on sexhormone C2 these document frequent sometimes profound deficiencies in many men and women treated with narcotics we have documented improved SQ of life during sexhormone replacement therapy in patients with narcoticinduced hypogonadism most of whom were receiving their narcotics for control of CP these studies suggest that similar hormone replacement therapy may assist patients receiving narcotics for treatment of heroin addiction | MEDAL |
the specific management and outcome of acute biliary pancreatitis in elderly patients is not well established the aim of this T0 was to assess the outcome of elderly compared to younger patients T3 acute biliary pancreatitis retrospective analysis of consecutive patients admitted with ABP between january and december elderly patients ⥠years were compared to younger patients years in a casecontrol study comorbidities were assessed according to the charlson score clinical atlanta score and radiological balthazar and computed tomography severity index scores severity were analyzed as well as clinical outcome among patients admitted with acute biliary pancreatitis were years elderly patients had a higher CCI score at admission p no difference was observed in terms of clinical and radiological severity of acute one the median hospital stay was longer in elderly days IQ range than in younger patients days interquartile range p no difference was observed regarding inhospital day mortality vs patients p elderly patients had similar clinical and radiological severity of ABP compared to younger patients | MEDAL |
the membrane location of the local anesthetics la lidocaine dibucaine tetracaine and procaine hydrochloride as well as their influence on phospholipid bilayers were studied by ³¹p and ¹h magicangle spinning mas nmr spectroscopy the ³¹p nmr spectra of the lalipid preparations confirmed that the overall bilayer structure of the membrane remained preserved the relation between the molecular structure of the las and their membrane localization and orientation was investigated quantitatively using induced delta nuclear overhauser enhancement spectroscopy and paramagnetic relaxation rates all three methods revealed an average location of the aromatic rings of all las in the lipidwater interface of the membrane with small differences between the individual las depending on their molecular properties while lidocaine is placed in the upper chainglycerrents enter the cns at the caudal NTS nts and activate central pathways key to autonomic and homeostatic regulation excitatory transmission from primary solitary tract stafferents consists of multiple contacts originating from single axons that offer a remarkably high probability of glutamate release and high safety factor for st afferent excitation st afferent activation sometimes triggers polysynaptic gabaergic circuits which feedback onto secondorder nts SN although GABA transmission is observed at secondorder SN much less is known about the organization and mechanisms regulating gaba transmission here we used a focal pipette to deliver minimal CS- shocks near secondorder nts SN in rat BS slices and directly activated single gabaergic axons most minimal focal shocks activated low jitter epscs from single axons with characteristics resembling st afferents much less commonly of sites minimal focal shocks G1 monosynaptic ipscs at fixed latency low jitter that often failed and had no frequencydependent facilitation or depression these gaba release characteristics contrasted markedly to the unfailing C1 amplitudes for glutamate released during stepcss recorded from the same neurons surprisingly unitary gabaergic ipscs were only weakly calcium dependent in some SN strong focal shocks evoked compound ipscs indicating convergent summation of multiple inhibitory axons our studies demonstrate that secondorder nts SN receive gabaergic transmission from a diffuse network of inhibitory axons that rely on an intrinsically less reliable and substantially weaker PR apparatus than st excitation ERP inhibition depends on coactivation of convergent inputs to blunt excitatory drive | MEDAL |
autosomal emerydreifuss muscular dystrophy is caused by mutations in the lamin ac gene lmna encoding atype nuclear lamins intermediate filament proteins of the nuclear envelope classically the disease manifests as scapulohumeroperoneal muscle wasting and weakness early joint contractures and dilated cardiomyopathy with conduction block however move variable skeletal muscle involvement can be present previously we demonstrated increased activity of extracellular signalregulated kinase erk in hearts of lmnahphp mice a model of autosomal emerydreifuss muscular dystrophy and that blocking its activation improved cardiac CF we therefore examined the role of erk activity in skeletal muscle pathology | MEDAL |
an extraction technique is described for vitamin k in medical foods using accelerated solvent extraction ase in conjunction with matrix solidphase dispersion mspd the medical food sample is treated as it would be with mspd extraction followed by ase for a handsfree automated extraction the vitamin k in the ase extract is then quantitated by RP liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection the chromatography specifications are identical to those in previous work that used mspd only with a limit of detection of pg and a limit of quantitation of pg on column recoveries which were determined for an analytefortified zero control reference material for medical foods averaged n for vitamin k the method provides a rapid automatic specific and easily controlled CA for vitamin k in fortified medical foods with minimal solvent usage | MEDAL |
insulin receptor substrates irs and are essential for intracellular signaling by insulin and igfi anabolic regulators of bone metabolism mice lacking the irs gene irs showed severe osteopenia with low bone turnover irs was expressed in osteoblasts but not in osteoclasts of wildtype wt mice irs osteoblasts treated with insulin or igfi failed to induce tyrosine phosphorylation of cellular proteins and they showed reduced proliferation and differentiation osteoclastogenesis in the coculture of hemopoietic cells and OBs depended on irs expression in osteoblasts and could not be rescued by irs expression in hemopoietic cells in the presence of not only igfi but also ohd in addition osteoclast differentiation factor ranklodf was not induced by these AF in irs osteoblasts we conclude that irs deficiency in osteoblasts impairs osteoblast proliferation differentiation and support of osteoclastogenesis resulting in lowturnover osteopenia OB irs is essential for maintaining bone turnover because it mediates signaling by igfi and insulin and we propose also by other factors such as ohd | MEDAL |
despite current optimal treatment the morbidity and mortality of coronary HR disease remain significant worldwide and open the way for the OD of novel cardioprotective therapies in the last two decades a remarkable scientific effort has focused on the limitation of IS important input from experimental studies has led the way in this direction however clinical and preclinical results using various cardioprotective strategies to attenuate RI have generally not been applicable for every day clinical practice protection of the ischemic myocardium is known to occur as a result of ischemic preconditioning pc in which repetitive brief periods of ischemia protect the heart from a subsequent prolong ICM insult although pc is a powerful form of protection it is of limited clinical application for obvious ethical and practical reasons another endogenous form of cardioprotection similar to pc but applicable at the time of reperfusion termed postconditioning postc has been recently described short series of repetitive cycles of brief reperfusion and reocclusion of the coronary i.a. applied at the onset of reperfusion reduce the IS and PD endothelial dysfunction at present pharmacological pc and postc are possible alternative methods that may substitute pharmaceutical treatments the short ICM insults adenosine nicorandil and other agents have been already used as pharmacological mimetics of ischemic pc in multicenter trials we summarize the recent research efforts on novel therapeutic strategies and on the design of new EDC based on the accumulated knowledge of the ligands receptors and intracellular signaling pathways of pc and postc | MEDAL |
high throughput ht platforms serve as a costefficient and rapid screening method for evaluating the effect of cellculture conditions and screening of chemicals we report the OD of a ht cellbased microarray platform to assess the effect of SC conditions on chinese hamster ovary cho cells specifically growth transg into the opening of the channel and stored there after serial sampling is completed cdwell is centrifuged and scanned using a flatbed scanner to define the regions of plasma and blood cells the length measured is converted to volume because the channels have a precise and uniform cross section then cdwell is exposed to an imaging plate to measure radioactivity finally radioactivity concentrations are computed we evaluated the performance of cdwell in in vitro measurement and in vivo ffluorodeoxyglucose and ccarbomethoxyβfluorophenyl tropane studies in in vitro DUE per cent differences mean±se from manual measurement were ± for whole blood and ± for plasma across the typical range of radioactivity measured in mouse dynamic T0 in in vivo studies reasonable tacs were obtained the peaks were captured well and the time courses coincided well with the tac derived from pet imaging of the HR chamber the total blood loss was less than µl which had no physiological effect on the mice cdwell demonstrates satisfactory performance and is useful for mouse pet dynamic study | MEDAL |
analyses were performed on brain mri scans from individuals who were frequent cannabis users n males female mean age range in adolescence and similar age and sex matched young adults who never used cannabis n males female mean age of range cerebral atrophy and WG matter integrity were determined using DTI dti to quantify the apparent diffusion coefficient adc and the fractional anisotropy fa whole brain volumes lateral VVI volumes and GM volumes of the amygdalahippocampal complex superior temporal gyrus and entire temporal lobes excluding the amygdalahippocampal complex were also measured while differences existed between groups no DP consistent with evidence of cerebral atrophy or loss of white matter integrity was detected it is concluded that frequent cannabis use is unlikely to be neurotoxic to the normal developing adolescent brain | MEDAL |
toxocariasis is present worldwide but people living in areas with sanitary deficiencies are considered at the highest risk of infection particularly children the aim of this work was to know clinical and immunological aspects of infantile toxocariasis in a subtropical region in argentina for this purpose children of both sexes years old and with eosinophilia higher than living in resistencia city northeast argentina were studied CE personal and epidemiological data recording parasitological fecal examination and dosage of toxocara canis igg and igm C2 by eie were performed all positive sera were confirmed by western blot out of children were positive for t canisigg lack of potable drinking water at home lack of sewerage facilities referred a close contact with dogs or cats had a PH of geophagia and lived along streets without pavement the clinical forms of the infection were asymptomatic ocular larva migrans and visceral L3 migrans in children the serological follow up until months T3 treatment showed children without NC in igg levels in it decreased but remained high and in one it increased there were children with high C2 of t canisigm in it decreased along treatment in one it remained stable and of them became negative there was one child considered as a reinfection case results highlight the importance that HAs should assign to this infection in regions with sanitary deficiencies where toxocariasis is usually not recognized as a relevant public health problem | MEDAL |
objective was to test feasibility and preliminary tau of a culturally adapted cognitivebehavioral selfhelp program to treat binge eating and related problems in mexican americans participants were women recruited from the LA area and diagnosed with binge eating disorder recurrent binge eating or bulimia nervosa participants completed a culturally adapted version of a cbtbased selfhelp program with guidance sessions over a month period treatment efficacy was evaluated in terms of binge eating psychological SF-36 and WL intenttotreat analyses revealed abstinence from binge eating at posttreatment and diagnostic remission results indicated significant pretreatment to PT improvement on distress level bmi eating disorder psychopathology and SE satisfaction with the program was high findings demonstrate that the program is acceptable feasible and efficacious in reducing binge eating and associated symptoms for mexican american women T0 provides proof of concept for implementation of culturally adapted forms of evidencebased programs | MEDAL |
the development of the dual peroxisome proliferatoractivated receptor ppar alphagamma agonist tesaglitazar as an oral antidiabetic was recently discontinued here we present tumor data from a year carcinogenicity T0 in rats given and micromolkg tesaglitazar is presented with focus on the findings of subcutaneous fibrosarcomas to investigate the mechanism for induction of fibrosarcomas replicative dna synthesis immunohistochemical detection of brdulabeled cells and expression of ppargamma immunohistochemistry and reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction in subcutaneous adipose tissues was assessed in rats po or micromolkg fntional cardiology literature because of its vulnerable position it is associated with a high risk of aneurysm formation making it prone to thrombus formation with subsequent arterial insufficiency because of distal embolization we report the case of an yearold woman who was found to have bilateral psa with unilateral aneurysm and evidence of possible distal embolization on CA | MEDAL |
RA aortic arch with isolation of the left subclavian artery is a rare anomaly the incidence of BL ductus arteriosus is sporadic and a right aortic arch with isolation of the LSA in association with bilateral DA is therefore extremely rare since the symptoms and signs of isolation of the left subclavian artery can include the absence or underdevelopment of the left arm subclavian steal syndrome or pulmonary artery steal syndrome the proper therapeutic RPA is controversial we report a case in which surgical reconstruction was used to treat isolation of the left subclavian artery with RAA in association with bilateral ductus arteriosus and a ventricular septal defect | MEDAL |
the glucagon response to insulin hypoglycaemia is frequently reduced in patients with iddm in the present study Arg infusion thought to act directly on the islet cells was used to stimulate somatostatin srif and glucagon in iddm without residual bcell CF thirteen iddm patients were compared with sex and age matched NCs following an arginine infusion the plasma srif concentrations in the iddm group and NCs increased from to pmoll p less than and to pmoll respectively after min p less than the plasma glucagon concentrations increased from to pmoll p less than and to pmoll p less than respectively after min thus in long standing iddm without residual bcell function increased plasma srif concentrations are found and the glucagon response to arginine is reduced the last observation further explains why these patients are especially vulnerable to hypoglycaemia | MEDAL |
this feasibility study examines the coverage of employmentrelated issues related to people with disabilities in the ADA of the study is a first in a series of future studies focusing on disability issues in the international economic media a survey of newspaper articles published in the wall street journal a leading and most circulated business newspaper in the usa specifically it comprised articles taken from three periods the year the americans with disabilities act was enacted a decade later and the year the amendments were revised with respect to definitions and employment data were analyzed by quantitative and qualitative content analysis the results suggest a mixed representation a decline in negative representations of disability throughout the years alongside the emergence of a legalfiscal discourse of a disability that depicts persons with disabilities as a fiscal burden on employers it seems that the new image of disability presents conflicting interests between the mission of the law promoting employers hiring of people with disabilities and the economic realities of accommodating them at the workplace additional research is needed to examine whether this image is unique to the economic media or may reflect a concern in the business community | MEDAL |
the molecular composition of chloroplast outer and inner env translocons is fairly well established but little is known about mechanisms and elements involved in import regulation T3 synthesis in the cytosol chloroplast targeted F0 proteins are recognized by OE receptors toc and toc phosphorylation plays an important role in regulation of toc activity and preprotein binding using kinase renaturation assays we have identified an atpdependent kda outer env kinase which is able to selectively phosphorylate toc at a TPS site a kda outer envelope polypeptide phosphorylating toc was identified by the same strategy AS against the kda kinase inhibits phosphorylation of toc whereas labeling of toc remains unaffected both kinases do not autophosphorylate in vitro and are unable to utilize myelin basic protein as ATP we propose that distinct kinases are involved in regulation of chloroplast import via desensitization of preprotein receptors | MEDAL |
we recently isolated a cdna clone encoding the murine erythropoietin epo receptor from a pxm expression library made from uninduced murine erythroleukemia cells the clone was identified by screening cos cell transfectants for internalization of radiolabeled recombinant human epo as inferred from the cdna CS the mu epo receptor epor is a amino acid polypeptide with a single MSD extensive homology was found between the epor and the interleukin TCRB both at the level of CAA sequence and at the level of regional hydrophobicity | MEDAL |
ionexchange reactions are naturally occurring at soil and sedimentwater interphases determining soil fertility and water quality these ionexchange reactions with inorganic and organic exchangers are applied to chemical analysis recovery of useful ions from lowgrade ores potentially from sea water water purification including the preparation of ultrapure water production of foods and medicines therapy and other uses it is important to theorize about or to MM ionexchange reactions for quantitative explanations of ionexchange phenomena and for efficient T0 of ionexchange processes this paper describes the modeling of ionexchange equilibria for hydroxyl sites on metal oxides and carboxyl CS in resins with monovalent cations alkali metal ions a monovalent anion nitrate ion and divalent heavy metal ions the procedure of modeling is as follows the stoichiometry and material balance equations of the respective ionexchange reactions were established based on findings here and by others the equilibrium conditions were given by the frumkin equation where the massaction relation is modified with lateral interactions between species at the interphase the MM equations were fitted to the measurthe amount of surface hydroxyl groups on titanium the different oxidation atmospheres resulted in different percentages of oxygen species in tio in physisorbed water and acidic hydroxyl CG and in basic hydroxyl CG on the titanium surfaces the immersion test in the supersaturated calcium phosphate solution showed that apatite spontaneously formed on to the rutile films this revealed that rutile could be bioactivated the analyses for the AP coatings confirmed that the surface characterization of titanium has strong effect on bioactivity of titanium the bioactivity of the rutile films on titanium was related not only to their surface basic hydroxyl groups but also to acidic hydroxyl groups and surface SE heattreatment endowed titanium with bioactivity by increasing the amount of surface hydroxyl groups on titanium and its surface energy | MEDAL |
using laser scanning microscopy we investigated whether platelets are capable of internalizing aspergillus conidia and examined aspergillusplatelet adherence the influence of platelets on fungal growth was evaluated by assessing galactomannan gm release hyphal elongation and colony size a secretion assay with hserotonin hydroxytryptamine ht was performed SE to platelets resulted in significantly decreased gm release p hyphal elongation p colony size pigmentation and ht release p a lack of antifungal effects was observed with the microfilament inhibitor cytochalasin d platelets attenuate the virulence of aspergillus species in vitro on the basis of granuledependent effects | MEDAL |
the involvement of acetylcholine and muscarinic receptors in spinal synaptic responses evoked by electrical and noxious sensory stimuli was investigated in the neonatal rat spinal cord in vitro potentials were recorded extracellularly from a ventral root ll of the isolated spinal cord spinal cordcutaneous nerve and spinal cordskin S9 of to dayold rats spinal reflexes were elicited by electrical stimulation of the ipsilateral dorsal root or the cutaneous saphenous nerve or by noxious skin stimulation single shock stimulation of supramaximum intensity of a dorsal root induced a MSR in the corresponding VR bathapplication of the muscarinic agonists muscarine microm and cisdioxolane microm produced an inhibition of the MSR reflex and a depolarization of MNs other muscarinic agonists arecoline nm microm and oxotremorine nm microm inhibited the MSR with little or no depolarization of motoneurones repetitive stimulation of the saphenous nerve at cfibre strength induced a slow depolarizing response lasting about s of the l VR this slow ventral root potential vrp was also inhibited by arecoline nm microm and oxotremorine nm microm in the spinal cordsaphenous nerveskin preparation a slow vrp was evoked by application of CAP microm BK microm or noxious heat degrees c to skin this slow vrp was depressed by the muscarinic agonists arecoline microm and oxotremorine microm of the cisdioxolaneinduced inhibition of monosynaptic reflex and motoneurone depolarization the m antagonists afdx microm and methoctramine nm preferentially blocked the former response whereas the m antagonists damp nm and pfhhsid microm preferentially blocked the latter response afdx microm and methoctramine nm also effectively antagonized the arecoline and oxotremorineinduced inhibition of the slow vrp the pa values of afdx and methoctramine against the arecolineinduced inhibition of the MSR were both and that of damp against the cisdioxolaneinduced motoneurone depolarization was in the spinal cordcutaneous nerve preparation the saphenous nerveevoked slow vrp was augmented by the anticholinesterase edrophonium microm afdx microm and methoctramine nm also potentiated the slow vrp whereas damp nm depressed the response damp nm depressed the capsaicininduced slow vrp in the spinal cordskin preparation oxotremorine microm and arecoline am markedly depressed the depolarization of motoneurones evoked by application of capsaicin am to the spinal cord whereas they depressed only slightly the depolarization induced by substance p nm the present study suggests that both excitatory via mtype receptors and inhibitory via mtype receptors muscarinic mechanisms are involved in afferent fibreevoked nociceptive transmissions in the neonatal rat spinal cord | MEDAL |
IPV is a serious social problem and public health issue affecting the wellbeing of the young adults however there is very little epidemiological evidence on the incidence and associated health problems in contemporary chinese society using a representative community sample of young adults aged to years conducted by hong kong family planning association in this study aimed to estimate the prevalence risk AF and possible health consequences of intimate partner violence among young adults in hong kong it is found that the prevalence of lifetime and preceding year intimate partner violence by former or current partners was and respectively male youths who were older were less likely to experience pastyear intimate partner violence odds ratio or p and those who had a university degree or were unemployed were more likely to experience pastyear IPV or p and or p respectively female youths who had a fulltime job were less likely to experience the lifetime violence or p and those who were ever Pr with current partner were more likely to experience both lifetime IPV or p and pastyear violence or p both female and male victims were more likely to be subjected to mental health problems and only female victims felt fear for the violent partner | MEDAL |
F1 calves bos indicus x bos taurus were immunized with a fractionated midgut supernate antigen gsf ag from hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum the first inoculation on day was given intramuscularly T3 emulsification with freunds CR adjuvant the second was given subcutaneously on day in incomplete FA and the third on day was given subcutaneously without adjuvant each injection comprised mg of antigen protein ten days after the last inoculation the immunized calves were challenged simultaneously with larvae and pairs males and females of adult h a anatolicum on one ear and a similar number of hyalomma dromedarii ticks on the other ear there was a significant decrease in the percentage larval engorgement and larval rejection of up to on the immunized calves a significant increase in the engorgement and preoviposition periods and a significant decrease in the engorged weight egg mass weight and reproductive index were observed for AD female ticks when fed on the immunized calves the gsf ag also induced a considerable degree of crossprotection in calves against h dromedarii larval ticks | MEDAL |
in a series of three prospective randomised multicentre trials ISP mgkg or mgkg once daily depending on severity of infection was compared with amikacin mgkg twice daily in a total AD hospitalised patients mean age years with urinary tract infection pretreatment pathogens included escherichia coli which was isolated from approximately of patients and pseudomonas aeruginosa which was isolated from approximately of patients with severe infections the most commonly occurring primary diagnoses were complicated pyelonephritis uncomplicated pyelonephritis and complicated lower urinary tract infection for the patients included in the efficacy population elimination of the pathogens occurred for all infections combined in patients in the isepamicin group and patients in the amikacin group AEs occurred in of ISP patients and of amikacin patients ototoxicity at the or db threshold was noted in one ISP and two amikacin patients but none of these patients had associated clinical signs of auditory or vestibular toxicity four isepamicin and four amikacin patients had potentially significant increases in serum creatinine indicative of possible nephrotoxicity | MEDAL |
the fungus gibberella fujikuroi is used for the commercial production of GAs gas which it produces in very C1 quantities four of the seven ga biosynthetic genes in this species encode cytochrome p monooxygenases which CF in association with nadphcytochrome p reductases cprs that mediate the transfer of electrons from nadph to the p monooxygenases only one cpr gene cprgf was found in g fujikuroi and cloned by a pcr RPA the encoded protein contains the conserved cpr functional domains including the fad fmn and nadph binding motifs cprgf disruption mutants were viable but showed a reduced growth rate furthermore disruption resulted in total loss of ga ga and ga production but low C2 of nonhydroxylated cgas ga and ga were still detected in addition the KO mutants were much more sensitive to benzoate than the wild type due to loss of activity of another p monooxygenase the detoxifying enzyme benzoate phydroxylase the uvinduced mutant of g fujikuroi sg which was shown to be blocked at most of the ga biosynthetic steps catalyzed by p monooxygenases displayed the same phenotype sequence analysis of the mutant cpr allele in sg revealed a nonsense mutation at amino acid position the mutant was complemented with the cprgf and the aspergillus niger cpra genes both genes fully restoring the ability to produce gas RNA blot analysis revealed coregulated expression of the cprgf gene and the ga biosynthetic genes p p p under ga production conditions nitrogen starvation in addition expression of cprgf is induced by benzoate these results indicate that cprgf is the main but not the only electron donor for several p monooxygenases from primary and seconnt dixon technique as a method for obtaining fatsaturated tweighted sequences before and T3 intravenous gadolinium administration using an open mr imaging scanner a preliminary experiment using an oilgadolinium phantom was performed on a t open magnet and an T3 t unit fat saturation was achieved at t using a frequency selective presaturation technique and a modified threepoint dixon technique on the lowfield scanner the modified threepoint dixon CS was then evaluated in ten patients undergoing mri examinations of the spine with gadolinium enhancement to determine image characteristics and diagnostic potential the phantom T0 demonstrated a homogenous suppression of signal from oil and a good distinction between fat and a gadolinium chelate on the t unit comparable to that on the t scanner by applying the modified threepoint dixon technique on the openmagnet the distinction between fat and gadolinium dimeglumine was rated as very good in and good in axial slices in a total of images no image was rated as difficult or not possible motion artifacts that hampered the reading were detected in the lower C2 spine due to respiratory movement in four of all images the modified threepoint dixon technique provides the combination of gadolinium enhancement with fat saturation on an open magnet early clinical applications appear promising | MEDAL |
the purpose of this study was to investigate the perceived similarity between a melody and the exact and inexact transpositions of that melody exact transpositions which preserve the interval structure of the original melody were formed by manipulating the variables keydistance and pitchdistance inexact transpositions having a different interval structure than the original melody were created by altering CS+ of the exact transpositions two types of alteration retaining the contour of the original melody were used a chromatic alteration of one tone fitting the key of the original melody a diatonic alteration of CS+ fitting the key of the transposed melody the coding MM of deutsch and feroe was used as a qualitative predictor of the perceived similarity the resulting predictions were tested using a pairedcomparison paradigm results indicate that both pitchdistance and alteration explain a significant part of the variance whereas keydistance does not contribute significantly it was also found that exact transpositions are perceptually more similar to the original melody than inexact transpositions and that chromatically altered transpositions are perceptually more similar to the original melody than diatonically altered transpositions these results are broadly in accordance with the applied coding MM | MEDAL |
low circulating levels of highdensity VLDL hdlc are associated with increased risk for cardiovascular events hdlc has a variety of poorly understood atheroprotective effects including altering lipid metabolism and reducing inflammation increased arterial stiffness is an important predictor of subsequent cardiovascular risk therefore in this T0 we sought to determine whether hdlc levels are associated with carotid arterial stiffness in addition we examined potential correlates of this association such as inflammatory AF cardiorespiratory fitness and body fat percentage carotid i.a. betastiffness was measured by ultrasound in years old healthy prehypertensive men low hdlc was defined as mmol l body fat was measured by air displacement plethysmography cardiorespiratory fitness was measured using a maximal exercise test with metabolic gas analysis and inflammatory markers consisting of creactive protein crp WG blood cell wbc count and absolute neutrophil count men with a low hdlc had significantly higher carotid artery stiffness crp wbc count neutrophil count body fat fasting gl and lower CR fitness p covarying for CR fitness body fat and glucose had no effect on group differences in i.c. stiffness covarying for inflammatory markers resulted in groups having similar i.c. stiffness prehypertensive men with low hdlc have a higher i.c. stiffness when compared with those with higher hdlc the detrimental effects of low hdlc on large artery stiffness in prehypertensive men may be mediated by inflammation and not by CR fitness or body fat levels | MEDAL |
despite current recommendations on the management of severe perioperative bleeding there is no pragmatic guidance for the perioperative monitoring and management of cardiac surgical patients taking direct oral anticoagulants members of the transfusion and haemostasis subcommittee of the EU association of cardiothoracic anaesthesiology of their own volition performed an independent systematic review of peerreviewed original research review articles and case reports and developed the following consensus statement this has been endorsed by the european association of cardiothoracic anaesthesiology in our opinion most patients on direct oral anticoagulant therapy presenting for elective CS can be safely managed in the perioperative period if the folwe have previously reported that ras proteins are modified by sumoylation and that lys plays an important role in mediating the modification in the current study we further investigated the role of lys in regulating AAA of kras inducible expression of kras | MEDAL |
the present T0 was designed to investigate the effect of folic acid on homocysteine lipid profile and hematological changes in methionineinduced hyperhomocysteinemic rats hyperhomocysteinemia was induced by Met gkg po administration for days PSA and hematological observations were further substantiated with histopathological examination the increase in homocysteine total cholesterol LD lipoproteincholesterol very LD lipoproteincholesterol and triglycerides levels with reduction in the levels of HD lipoprotein in SS were the salient features observed in methionine treated toxicologic control rats ie group ii hematological observations of the peripheral blood smears of toxicologic rats also showed crenation of red blood cells membrane and significant p increase in TLC differential leukocyte count and platelet counts with significant p decrease in the mean HbA1c as compared to VC rats administration of folic acid mgkg po for days to methionine induced hyperhomocysteinemic rats produced a significant p decrease in the C2 of homocysteine total cholesterol LD lipoproteincholesterol very LD lipoproteincholesterol and triglycerides with significant p increase in HD lipoproteincholesterol C2 in serum when compared with toxicologic control rats the present T0 for the first time investigates the effect of folic acid treatment on hematological changes in rats with methionineinduced hyperhomocysteinemia | MEDAL |
myocardial infarction mi is a leading cause of death and disabilities inflammatory cells play a vital role in the process of postinfarction remodeling and repair inflammatory cell infiltration into the infarct site can be monitored using t weighted mri following an intravenous administration of iron oxide particles in this study various doses of micrometersized iron oxide particles μg feg body weight were injected into the mouse blood stream before a surgical induction of mi cardiac mris were performed at and days postinfarction to monitor the signal attenuation at the infarct site a dosedependent phenomenon of signal attenuation was observed at the infarct site with a higher dose leading to a darker signal the T0 suggests an optimal temporal window for monitoring iron oxide particleslabeled inflammatory cell infiltration to the infarct site using mri the dosedependent signal attenuation also indicates an optimal iron oxide dose of approximately μg feg body weight a lower dose cannot differentiate the signal attenuation whereas a higher dose would cause significant artifacts this iron oxideenhanced mri technique can potentially be used to monitor cell migration and infiltration at the pathological site or to confirm any cellular response following some specific treatment strategies | MEDAL |
post traumatic ON of distal pole of scaphoid is very rare we present a case of years old male drill operator by occupation with nontraumatic ON of distal pole of the scaphoid the patient was managed conservatively and was kept under regular followup every three months the patient was also asked to NC his profession two years later the patient had no pain and had mild restriction of wrist movements less than degrees in either direction the radiographs revealed normal density of the scaphoid suggesting revascularization | MEDAL |
in NM neonatal i.t. of SEB seb induces tolerance in TA that express reactive t cell receptor tcr v beta regions to determine if a t cell neonatal defect was present in mrllprlpr mice micrograms of seb was injected intraperitoneally every other day into v beta tcr transgenic and nontransgenic mrl and mrllprlpr mice from birth to wk of age at wk of age v beta TA were depleted and seb CR was lost in spleen lymph node and thymus these effects were equivalent in and lprlpr sebtolerized mice however mrllprlpr mice failed to maintain neonatal tolerance by wk of age there was a dramatic increase in t cells expressing v beta in the peripheral lymph nodes of mrllprlpr mice but not mrl mice in IVS with seb or tcr crosslinking revealed a total loss of neonatal tolerance wk T3 cessation of seb treatment in lprlpr mice but not mice the timecourse of recovery of v beta TA and CR to seb and tcr crosslinking in the thymus of mrllprlpr mice was similar to that in the lymph node thymectomy at wk of age eliminated tolerance loss in lymph nodes of mrllprlpr mice at wk of age indicating that loss of IP tolerance was due to the emigration of untolerized TA from the thymus challenge of neonatally tolerized mrllprlpr mice with seb micrograms ip at wk of age resulted in a dramatic onset of t cellmediated autoimmune disease characterized by WL and morality this indicated that loss of tolerance to seb also occurred in vivo in contrast neonatally tolerized mrl mice remained totally unresponsive to seb challenge and did not undergo any detectable WL these results suggest that there is normal induction of neonatal tolerance to seb in lprlpr mice but that tolerance is not maintained T3 the tolerizing antigen is removed this loss of neonatal tolerance can lead to severe weight loss and death on SE to the tolerizing antigen later in life | MEDAL |
this article discusses the use of practice protocols in the clinical setting and delineates the role of the clinical nurse specialist cns as an advanced practice nurse in their OD and use practice protocols are defined compared and contrasted with other documents that direct clinical practice a case study is presented that demonstrates how the cns works collaboratively with other disciplines to develop and to implement practice protocols | MEDAL |
human liver microsomal epoxide hydrase has been highly purified to a TPS activity to nmolminmg of protein comparable to that of the rat enzyme using styrene oxide as substrate like the purified rat CL microsomal epoxide hydrase the human enzyme has a minimum molecular weight of as determined by SDS-PAGE and exhibits broad substrate specificity toward a variety of alkene and arene oxides despite these similarities the human and rat enzymes are different proteins as judged by their immunochemical properties as well as their relative catalytic activities toward certain substrates | MEDAL |
the contractile activity of cells in epiretinal CM leads to retinal detachment and PVR but it is unknown which cell type contributes most to this process in this T0 the relative contractility of three cell types thought to be involved in epiretinal membrane formation was measured bovine scleral fibroblasts bsf retinal pigment epithelium brpe and retinal glia brg were suspended in a rapidly polymerizing floating type i collagen matrix matrix contraction was assessed and morphologic studies were performed using light microscopy and SEM microscopy bsf reached contraction within days and brpe needed days whereas brg showed no matrix contraction cell proliferation as shown by bromodeoxyuridine labeling did not occur in the matrix during the period of greatest contraction cells had formed processes but were isolated from each other over the day period an increasing number of cells was found on the surface of the matrix resulting with bsf in an encapsulating monolayer this ML developed only T3 most of the contraction was over these findings suggest that bsf and brpe reorganize the collagen matrix through a combination of individual cellular mobility and attachment to the collagen SF brgs inability to attach to the collagen and reorganize its arrangement resulted in its lack of matrix contraction | MEDAL |
a comparison of the anticonvulsant and neurotoxic effects of cannabidiol cbd THC cannabinol and antiepileptic drugs phenytoin phenobarbital CBZ chlordiazepoxide clonazepam ESM and trimethadione was made in rats median ERP potencies ed values for MES audiogenic seizures and td values for a rotor rod neurotoxicity test were calculated additionally the interactive effects of cbd and the antiepileptic drugs against MES and audiogenic seizures were studied each drug was given orally at peak effect time cbd was an effective and relatively potent anticonvulsant in both maximal electroshock and audiogenic seizure tests the anticonvulsant potency of phenytoin was significantly increased when combined with phenobarbital cbd and phenobarbital plus cbd additionally cbd reliably reduced the anticonvulsant potencies of chlordiazepoxide clonazepam trimethadione and ethosuximide these data indicate that cbd is an effective anticonvulsant with a specificity more comparable to drugs clinically ERP in L1 than minor seizures furthermore it appears that cbd enhances the anticonvulsant effects of the former and reduces the effects of the latter types of antiepileptic drugs | MEDAL |
the T0 of the SH c virus hcv has been hindered by the lack of in vitro model systems the recent OD of hcv subgenomic rna replicons has permitted the study of viral rna replication in CC however the requirements for efficient replication of replicons in this system are poorly understood many viral isolates do not CF as replicons and most require conserved changes termed adaptive mutations to replicate efficiently in this report we focus on the hcv nonstructural protein a nsa a frequent locus for adaptive mutation we found the interaction between nsa and human vesicleassociated membrane proteinassociated protein a hvapa a cellular target nethylmaleimidesensitive factor attachment protein receptor to be required for efficient rna replication nsa mutations that blocked interaction with hvapa strongly reduced hcv rna replication further analyses revealed an inverse rho between nsa phosphorylation and hvapa interaction a subset of the previously identified adaptive mutations suppressed nsa hyperphosphorylation and promoted hvapa IB our results support a MM in which nsa hyperphosphorylation disrupts interaction with hvapa and negatively regulates viral rna replication suggesting that repliconadaptive mutations act by preventing the phosphorylationdependent dissociation of the rna replication complex | MEDAL |
advances in medical and device therapies have demonstrated the capacity of the heart to reverse the failing phenotype the development of normative changes to VVI size and function led to the concept of reverse remodelling among HR failure therapies durable mechanical circulatory support is most consistently associated with the largest degree of reverse remodelling accordingly research to analyse human tissue T3 a period of mechanical circulatory support continues to yield a wealth of information in this review we summarize the latest findings on reverse remodelling and myocardial REC accumulating evidence shows that the molecular changes associated with HF in particular in the transcriptome metabalome and EM persist in the reverseremodelled myocardium despite apparent normalization of macrolevel properties therefore reverse remodelling should be distinguished from true myocardial REC in which a failing HR regains both normal CF and molecular makeup these findings have implications for future research to develop therapies to repair fully the failing myocardium meanwhile recognition by society guidelines of this new clinical phenotype which is coming to be known as a state of heart failure remission underscores the need to accurately define and identify reverse modelled myocardium for the establishment of appropriate therapies | MEDAL |
the common rue ruta graveolens l expresses two types of closely related polyketide synthases that condense three malonylcoas with nmethylanthraniloylcoa or coumaroylcoa to produce acridone alkaloids and flavonoid pigments respectively two acridone synthase cdnas acs and acs have been cloned from ruta cell cultures and we report now the cloning of three chalcone synthase cdnas chs to chs from immature ruta flowers the coding regions of these three cdnas differ only marginally and the translated polypeptides show about identity with the chss from citrus sinensis but less than with the ruta endogeneous acss chs was functionally expressed in eschericha coli and its ATP specificity compared with those of the recombinant acs and acs coumaroylcoa was the preferred starter substrate for chs but cinnamoylcoa and caffeoylcoa were also turned over at significant rates however nmethylanthraniloylcoa was not accepted in contrast highly AS preparations of recombinant acs or acs showed low albeit significant chs side activities with coumaroylcoa which on average reached acs and acs of the maximal activity determined with nmethylanthraniloylcoa as the starter substrate while the conversion of cinnamoylcoa was negligible with both acss the condensation mechanism of the acridone ring system differs from that of chalconeflavanone formation nevertheless our results suggest that very minor changesids teamwork while PT can increase the PCS capacity of women training cannot completely eliminate gender differences thus the data presented do not imply that women cannot be integrated into combat units but highlight genderrelated differences which might have an effect on the ability of women to compete equally with men at the same task | MEDAL |
for elucidation of the mechanisms by which growth AF and cytokines affect renal epithelial cells gene array analysis of renal cells cultured in the presence of transforming growth factorbeta tgfbeta was performed many genes that were not previously considered to be involved in renal cell biologic processes were affected one of which was jagged the jagged ligandnotch receptor family controls the formation of boundaries between CG of cells and regulates cell fates on the basis of the array analysis jagged expression was further evaluated in cultured cells and in B6 mice with a MM of unilateral ureteral one uuo recombinant human tgfbeta increased jagged mrna C2 at concentrations between and m there was a commensurate increase in jagged protein C2 as assessed by western blotting the expression of jagged mrna and protein was observed to be significantly increased in the kidneys of B6 mice with obstructed ureters compared with the CL kidneys at and d of uuo immunohistochemical analyses demonstrated jagged expression in distal tubules of kidneys from normal mice or contralateral kidneys from mice with uuo jagged protein expression was increased in tubules not yet in apparent atrophy in the kidneys with an obstructed ureter jagged expression was significantly increased in the kidneys of normal mice treated with tgfbeta and was decreased in the kidneys of mice with uuo treated with a tgfbeta receptor iifc chimera these results suggest that jagged is expressed in normal kidneys and that this expression is upregulated during renal disease in a tgfbetadependent manner | MEDAL |
to seek the pathophysiologic significance of measuring the concentration of total renin instead of prorenin we determined the plasma TRC by immunoradiometric assay and correlated the results with various clinical features and laboratory parameters of diabetic complication in patients with diabetes mellitus the plasma prorenin concentration was estimated as the difference between the total and active renin concentrations the plasma total renin and PR concentrations were high in DM in contrast to the ARC which was slightly decreased in addition the plasma total renin and PR concentrations were higher in patients with diabetic complications than in patients without any complication multiple regression analysis showed that the presence of OH diabetic retinopathy and proteinuria is significantly associated with the increased plasma total renin and prorenin concentrations in addition there was a significant positive correlation between the total renin and prorenin concentrations these results suggest that both the plasma total renin concentration and the prorenin concentration are closely related to diabetic complications determination of the plasma TRC by IRA as a substitute for PR could be a powerful tool in elucidating the mechanism for the increased plasma prorenin in diabetes mellitus | MEDAL |
we examined LA bacteria that have been previously characterized for commercial use as probiotic cultures mostly for dairy products including pediococcus and lactobacilli our objectives were to develop a rapid procedure for determining the longterm survivability of these cultures in acidified vegetable products and to identify suitable cultures for probiotic brined vegetable products we therefore developed assays to measure acid resistance of these cultures to lactic and acetic acids which are present in pickled vegetable products we used relatively high acid concentrations compared to commercial products of mm lactic acid and mm acetic acid to determine acid resistance with a h treatment growth rates were measured in a cucumber juice medium at ph and at °c and to nacl significant differences in AR and growth rates were found among the cultures in GA the acid resistant strains had slower growth rates than the acid sensitive strains based on the AR data selected cultures were tested for LTS in a simulated acidified refrigerated cucumber product we found that one of the most acid resistant strains LC could survive for up to d at °c without significant loss of viability at | MEDAL |
a substantial part of the contribution of genetic studies to the treatment of schizophrenia involves its emphasis on reliable and valid diagnoses one consequence of this focus is the recognition that schizophrenic illness is broader than the diagnostic entity of schizophrenia itself and instead consists of a spectrum of related disorders because some of the symptoms in these disorders differ from each other they provide an opportunity to determine which ones reflect a common etiology to the extent that such PS are identifiable they may provide a foundation for treatment and even prevention strategies in this paper we focus on a clinical condition schizotaxia that may reflect the liability for schizophrenia to characterize the nature and extent of this proposed syndrome we will review results from family studies in our laboratory and consider conceptual foundations and criteria for assessment a more GA consideration of treatment strategies for schizophrenia spectrum disorders follows along with suggestions for future research our initial attempts to treat and validate schizotaxia are encouraging and raise tny literature data SL may however control the acidification of the sausage processed with starter b in order to obtain moderately acidified fermented sausages a simple kinetic model was applied to our data the sodium lactate content and especially the type of starter culture often had a significant effect on the four parameters of this empirical model lag time acidification time initial and final ph | MEDAL |
criglernajjar syndrome cns caused by deficiency of bilirubin UR diphosphate GT ugt a is a rare and AR inherited disorder characterized by severe free nonhemolytic s in bacteria has been well appreciated however it remains unknown whether indole has beneficial effects on maintaining intestinal barriers in vivo in this T0 we analyzed the effect of indole on ecs using a germ free gf mouse model gf mice showed decreased expression of junctional complex molecules in Tc ecs the feces of specific pathogenfree spf mice contained a high amount of indole however the amount was significantly decreased in the feces of gf mice by fold p.o. of indolecontaining capsules resulted in increased expression of both tight junction tj and adherens junction ajassociated molecules in colonic ecs in gf mice in accordance with the increased expression of these junctional complex molecules gf mice given indolecontaining capsules showed higher resistance to dextran sodium sulfate dssinduced colitis a similar protective effect of indole on dssinduced epithelial damage was also observed in mice bred in spf conditions these findings highlight the beneficial role of indole in establishing an epithelial barrier in vivo | MEDAL |
chemical synthesis was used to prepare the hiv protease specifically clabelled in the catalytically essential asp in each monomer the nmr CS of the cenriched homodimeric enzyme was measured in the presence of the inhibitor pepstatin a mimic of the tetrahedral intermediate formed in enzyme catalysis in this complex the catalytic carbosion in contrast MOF and hypothermia blocked the appearance of the fos protein similarly acepromazine was ERP in eliminating some of the foslabeled nuclei these data suggest that in the infant rat both hypothermia and methoxyflurane act in part at the spinal level by depressing either primary afferents or dorsal horn neuronal activity whereas the site of action for ketaminexylazine may be located supraspinally | MEDAL |
in this article we provide direct evidence that the evolutionarily conserved transcription elongation factor tfiis functions during preinitiation complex assembly first we identified tfiis in a MS screen of rna polymerase ii pol ii preinitiation complexes pics second we show that the association of tfiis with a promoter depends on PET pic components including mediator and the saga complex third we demonstrate that tfiis is required for efficient formation of AS pics using truncation mutants of tfiis we find that the pol iibinding domain is the minimal domain necessary to stimulate pic assembly however efficient formation of active pics requires both the pol iibinding domain and the poorly understood NTD importantly domain iii which is required for the elongation function of tfiis is dispensable during pic assembly the results demonstrate that tfiis is a pic component that is required for efficient formation andor stability of the complex | MEDAL |
home blood pressure monitoring is a convenient and inexpensive technique to monitor blood pressure in HT there are convincing data that home blood pressure monitoring is a good predictor of future cardiovascular risk perhaps better than office blood pressure home blood pressure measurement can be standardized using validated instruments and systematic protocols normative criteria have established home blood pressure mm hg as hypertensive home blood pressure monitoring has been shown to improve compliance and blood pressure control and to reduce health care costs ongoing studies are evaluating management of hypertension based on home blood pressure readings compared with traditional officebased readings home blood pressure monitoring is particularly useful for evaluation of WCH and masked hypertension in this article we discuss the methodology for measuring blood pressure at home its comparison to the other measurement techniques the advantages and disadvantages cost benefit analyses and ongoing PCTs to help define the role of home blood pressure monitoring in the clinical management of hypertension | MEDAL |
the purpose of this work is to calculate endsystolic and enddiastolic volumes of halobatrachus didactylus ventricles from twodimensional d echocardiographic images comparing four different linear methods and to derive systolic indices of ventricular functionfractional shortening ejection fraction stroke volume and cardiac SO independent of the fick principle echocardiography provided high resolution images of cardiac structures and allowed accurate linear measurements the simpson algorithm proved to be the best method of calculating IVT volumes as a corollary ventricular mass can be derived from echocardiographic volume data this noninvasive method promises wide utilization in experimental comparative cardiovascular biology | MEDAL |
the number of alloantigenreactive cells in human peripheral blood was estimated by a LDA in mlc combinations between allogeneic unrelated donors the frequency of alloantigenreactive cells ranged between to the frequency of alloantigenreactive cells to the specific d this radiobiological procedure results in the selective inhibition of growthhormone gh PR a series of eyes were analyzed after division into categories a and b a progressing background dr n b proliferative dr n all patients treated by laser photocoagulation before andor T3 stereogihf were excluded from the present study in contrast complications that impair visual acuity va mainly vitreous hemorrhages diabetic maculopathy and cataracts were not discarded in groups a and b mean va was SD showing no significant differences before and years T3 treatment in both groups microaneurysms are improved or stable in all cases hard exudates were improved in of cases in group b preretinal newvessels and neovascularisation on the disc are improved or stable in of cases the same percentage is observed for extramacular and macular transudations years T3 stereogihf the present data strongly suggest that the selective suppression of gh improves the prognosis of dr however the prognosis for vision remains poor in macular degenerations in addition a rapid evolution of newvessel formations should indicate a combined treatment with argon laser photocoagulation | MEDAL |
numerous studies have shown that problem gambling is characterised by lack of impulse control however they have often been conducted without considering the multifaceted nature of impulsivity and related psychological mechanisms the current study aims to disentangle which impulsivity facets are altered in pathological gambling twenty treatmentseeking pathological gamblers pgs and matched control participants completed a selfreported questionnaire measuring the various facets of impulsive behaviours upps impulsive behaviour scale as well as two laboratory tasks assessing inhibitory control the gostop task and tolerance for delayed rewards single key impulsivity paradigm compared with matched controls pgs exhibited higher urgency lower premeditation impairment in prepotent inhibition and lower tolerance towards delayed rewards nevertheless cDNA profile analyses showed that impulsivityrelated deficits found in pgs are highly heterogeneous and that some pgs are neither impulsive in the impulsivity facets assessed nor impaired in the cognitive mechanisms measured these findings underscore the necessity to disentangle the construct of impulsivity into lowerorder components and that further studies should take into account in addition to impulsivityrelated mechanisms other psychological AF potentially involved in pathological gambling | MEDAL |
based on a previous report illustrating severe gastrointestinal SE with ipriflavone we examined the effects of IP on cell death in cultured rat gastric epithelial cells compared with other chemicals including indomethacin low concentrations of ipriflavone indomethacin dexamethasone and estradiol all induced cell death in gastric epithelial cells dna from cultured cells treated with ipriflavone showed fragmentation by PACE also some of the cultured cells treated with ipriflavone were positively stained by tunel in order to confirm induction of apoptosis by IP rescue from ipriflavoneinduced cell death with zdevdfmk mm which is a ICE inhibitor or pge mm was tested only zdevdfmk was observed to rescue the cells from cell death similar results were obtained with indomethacin dexamethasone and estradiol these results suggest that ipriflavone indomethacin dexamethasone and estradiol induce cell death of cultured rat gastric epithelial cells by apoptosis | MEDAL |
the percutaneous treatment of patients with obstructive AS disease in degenerated coronary saphenous vein bypass grafts still remains one of the great challenges in interventional cardiology in this review we discuss the actual evidencebased knowledge for the percutaneous management of this lesion subset focusing in particular on the devices that are actually considered the gold standard for this treatment bare metal stents and distal protection devices we also comment on the negative results of the randomized trials regarding the promising polytetrafluoroethylenecovered stentgrafts we finally offer insights into the currently available evidence for the use of drugeluting stents in RSV grafts these devices are potentially the principal promise for the LT successful sealing of vein graft disease however clear and definitive data coming from controlled trials are requested | MEDAL |
partial translation elongation factor alpha tefalpha gene and intron sequences are reported from isolates of species of the anamorph genus fusarium f avenaceum syn f arthrosporioides f cerealis f culmorum f equiseti fflocciferum f graminearum f lunulosporum f sambucinum f torulosum f tricinctum and f venenatum the sequences were aligned with tefalpha sequences retrieved from isolates of f kyushuense f langsethiae f poae and f sporotrichioides in a previous study and isolates of f cerealis f culmorum f graminearum and f pseudograminearum retrieved from CS databases the aligned sequences were subjected to phylogenetic analyses using maximum parsimony and bayesian markov chain MC maximum likelihood statistics support for internal branching topologies was examined by bremer support bootstrap and posterior probability analyses the resulting trees were largely congruent the taxon CG included in the sections discolor gibbosum and sporotrichiella sensu wollenweber reinking all appeared to be polyphyletic all species were monophyletic except f flocciferum that was paraphyletic and one isolate classified as f cfr langsethiae on the basis of morphology that grouped with f sporotrichioides mapping of toxin profiles host preferences and geographic origin onto the dna based phylogenetic tree structure indicated that in particular the toxin profiles corresponded with phylogeny ie phylotoxigenic relationships were inferred a L1 distinction was observed between the trichothecene and nontrichothecene producers and the trichothecene producers were grouped into one clade of strictly type a trichothecene producers one clade of strictly type b trichothecene producers and one clade with both type a and type b trichothecene producers furthermore production of the type a trichothecenes tht toxins are associated with a lineage comprising f langsethiae and f sporotrichioides the ability to prst sars the interaction between sars coronavirus clike cl proteinase and an octapeptide interface inhibitor was studied by affinity capillary electrophoresis ace the binding constants were estimated by the NC of migration time of the analytes in the buffer solution containing different concentrations of sars cl proteinase the results showed that sars cl proteinase was able to complex with the octapeptide competitively with IB constants of x m at degrees c and x m at degrees c in addition the thermodynamic parameters deduced reveal that hydrophobic interaction might play L1 roles along with electrostatic force in the IB process the ace method used here could be developed to be an effective and simple way of applying largescale drug screening and evaluation | MEDAL |
the autoclaved cercarial vaccine acv which is a special type of killed vaccine has been reported to induce exp high level of rat protective immunity this T0 was to adjust the dose and to assess vaccine safety longevity and stability as well as the possibility of transplacental transmission of immune response from Pr mice to their F1 the results showed that two doses of the lowest most effective concentration of acv that achieved the high percentage reduction of worm burden is safe as demonstrated by absence of any local or systemic side effects normal blood picture and normal liver and kidney function tests acv is stable when kept either at degrees c for six months or at degrees c for up to months and it offered considerable duration of longevity F1 of vaccinated mothers didnt show any signs of protection against challenge infection | MEDAL |
the discussion surrounding shaken baby syndrome sbs arose from the lack of evidence implicating diffuse axonal injury dai as a cause of death it was assumed instead that injury to the C2 cord medulla and nerve roots played a causal role the present pathomorphological T0 examines selected infants yearold whose deaths were highly suspicious for sbs exhibiting the CP sbs triad of acute subdural hemorrhage sdh retinal bleeding and encephalopathy gross autopsy and microscopic findings of these infants were compared with those of victims of sudden infant death syndrome sids control group and of infants who DOD or injuriesviolence not involving the head neck or eyes control group PS of mechanical impact to the head were evident in seven of the sbs infants but in none of the control infants dai was ND in either the sbs or control cases localized ai ai was regularly present in the brains of the sbs infants surviving longer than h but only occasionally in the craniocervical junction and within the nerve roots of the upper C2 cord it was never present in the medulla epidural hemorrhage of the C2 cord was seen in four of the ten examined sbs cases but in none of the control cases based on the absence of dai in the brain and of signs of generalized cervical cord or nerve root injuries we conclude that the cause of death in the sbs victims was a GCI secondary to sdh focal vasospasm traumainduced transitory respiratory andor circulatory failure | MEDAL |
the phthalate dioxygenase system a rieske nonheme iron dioxygenase catalyzes the dihydroxylation of phthalate to form the dihydrocisdihydrodiol of DHP dhd it has two components phthalate dioxygenase pdo a multimer with one riesketype fes and one MNC feii center per monomer and a reductase pdr that contains flavin mononucleotide fmn and a planttype ferredoxin fes center this work shows that product formation in steadystate reactions is tightly coupled to electron delivery with dihydrodiol dhd of phthalate formed for every electrons delivered from nadh however in reactions of reduced pdo with o only about dhd is formed per rieske center that becomes Ox although the product forms rapidly its PR from pdo is slow in these reactions with oxygen that do not include reductase and nadh epr data show that at the completion of the oxidation iron in the mononuclear center remains in the ferrous state in contrast naphthalene dioxygenase ndo wolfe m d parales j v gibson d t and lipscomb j d j biol chem and benzoate dioxygenase bzdo wolfe m d altier d j stubna a popescu c v munck e and lipscomb j d biochemistry related rieske nonheme iron dioxygenases form dhd per rieske center oxidized and the mononuclear center iron ends up ferric thus both electrons from reduced ndo and bzdo monomers are used to form the product whereas only the reduced rieske centers in pdo become oxidized during production of dhd this emphasizes the importance of pdo subunit interaction in catalysis electron redistribution was practically unaffected by the presence of oxidized pdr a scheme is presented that emphasizes some of the differences in the mechanisms involved in substrate hydroxylation employed by pdo and either ndo or bzdo | MEDAL |
two major pathways of recombinationdependent dna replication joincopy and joincutcopy can be distinguished in phage t joincopy requires only early and middle genes but two late proteins endonuclease vii and terminase are uniquely important in the joincutcopy pathway in wildtype t timing of these pathways is integrated with the developmental program and related to transcription and packaging of dna in primase mutants which s characterized by reduced insulinmediated Rd and defective HFA metabolism in isolated adipocytes collison et al diabetes in this T0 we have examined skeletal muscle and cultured skeletal muscle myoblasts for defects in insulin action in the male shrsp rat MM compared with the normotensive insulinsensitive control CS wistarkyoto wky we show that skeletal muscle from shrsp animals exhibits a marked decrease in insulinstimulated glucose transport compared with wky animals fold increase in response to insulin in shrsp in wky n p but the stimulation of gl transport in response to activation of ampactivated protein kinase was similar between the two strains similar reductions in insulinstimulated GT were also evident in myoblast cultures from shrsp compared with wky cultures these differences were not accounted for by a reduction in cellular glut content moreover analysis of the levels and subcellular distribution of insulin receptor substrates and the palpha subunit of phosphatidylinositol kinase and protein kinase b pkbcakt in skeletal muscle did not identify any differences between the two strains the insulindependent activation of pkbcakt was not different between the two strains however the total cellular levels of caveolin and flotillin proteins implicated in insulin signal transductioncompartmentalization were markedly elevated in skeletal muscles from shrsp compared with wky animals increased cellular levels of the soluble nethylmaleimide att protein receptor snare proteins syntaxin and vesicleassociated membrane protein vamp were also observed in the insulinresistant shrsp strain taken together these data suggest that the insulin resistance observed in the shrsp is manifest at the level of skeletal muscle that muscle cell GT exhibits a blunted response to insulin but unchanged responses to activation of ampactivated protein kinase that alterations in key molecules in both glut trafficking and insulin signal compartmentalization may underlie these defects in insulin action and that the insulin resistance of these muscles appears to be of genetic origin rather than a paracrine or autocrine effect since the insulin resistance is also observed in cultured myoblasts over several passages | MEDAL |
chicken CL mevalonatepyrophosphate decarboxylase atpdiphosphomevalonate carboxylyase dehydrating ec is inactivated by phenylglyoxal in triethanolamine buffer at ph the reaction follows pseudofirstorder kinetics with a secondorder rate constant of m min appropriate treatment of the kinetic data for the inactivation reaction indicates that the reaction of a single phenylglyoxal molecule per AS unit of the enzyme is enough to CR inactivate the protein the partially inactivated enzyme shows unaltered km but decreased v as compared to native mevalonatepyrophosphate decarboxylase the dissociation constants for the enzymesubstrate complexes were estimated from inactivation reactions at different concentrations of substrates from the data it is concluded that the modified CAA is important for the binding of both substrates | MEDAL |
exp results are presented of a broadband high SP gyrotron traveling wave amplifier gyrotwa operating in the ghz frequency band and based on a helically corrugated interaction region the second harmonic cyclotron mode of a kev a axisencircling electron beam is used to resonantly interact with a traveling telike eigenwave achieving broadband amplification the gyrotwa demonstrates a db gain BW of at least ghz in the experimental measurement with ghz predicted for a wideband drive source with a measured unsaturated SO SP of kw and gain of db the approach may allow a gyrotwa to operate at thz | MEDAL |
direct mass spectrometric analysis of aberrant protein glycosylation is a challenge to the current analytical techniques except lectin affinity chromatography no other glycosylation enrichment techniques are available for analysis of aberrant glycosylation in this study we developed a combined chemical and enzymatic strategy as an alternative for the MS analysis of aberrant glycosylation sialylated glycopeptides were enriched with reverse glycoblotting cleaved by Endo f ano injury storage of retinoic acid and immunoregulation of the CL secs are among the most endocytically active cells of the body displaying an array of scavenger receptors on their cell surface these include sra stabilin and stabilin generally small colloidal particles less than nm and macromolecules in buffer phase are taken up by secs whereas C1 particles and cellular debris is endocytosed phagocytosed by kcs thus the bulk clearance of extracellular material such as the glycosaminoglycans from blood is largely dependent on the health and endocytic functions of secs for example an increase in blood hyaluronan C2 is indicative of MLD ranging from mild to more severe forms with the exception of one report there are no immortalized sec cell lines in existence even this immortalized cell line is dedifferentiated in that it does not express scavenger receptors that are present on primary secs our data not shown all cell biological studies must be performed on primary cells obtained freshly from the animal unfortunately secs dedifferentiate under standard culture conditions and must be used within or days upon isolation from the animal differentiation of secs is marked by the expression of stabilin or hare receptor cd and the presence of cytoplasmic fenestration differentiation of secs can be extended by the addition of vegf in SC media or by culturing cells in hepatocyte CS medium in this report we will demonstrate the endocytic activity of secs in the intact organ using radiolabeled heparin for hyaluronan for the secspecific stabilin receptor we will then purify HCs and secs from the perfused CL to measure endocytosis | MEDAL |
clinical islet transplantation is a βcell replacement strategy that represents a possible definitive MI for patients with type diabetes offering substantial benefits in terms of lowering daily insulin requirements and reducing incidences of debilitating hypoglycemic episodes and unawareness despite impressive advances in this field a limiting supply of islets inadequate means for preventing islet rejection and the deleterious diabetogenic and nephrotoxic side effects associated with chronic IS therapy preclude its widespread applicability islet transplantation however allows a window of opportunity for attempting various therapeutic manipulations of islets prior to transplantation aimed at achieving superior transplant outcomes in this paper we will focus on the current status of various immunosuppressive and cellular therapies that promote VG function and survival in preclinical and clinical islet transplantation with special emphasis on the toleranceinducing capacity of RII t cells as well as the βcells regenerative capacity of stem cells | MEDAL |
to determine the quantitative roles of the basolateral and luminal nadicarboxylate nadc cotransporters in establishing and maintaining the alphaketoglutarate alphakg gradient required for renal tubular secretion of organic anions we measured net steadystate transepithelial secretion of fluorescein fl in real time in isolated perfused s segments of rb renal proximal tubules net basal fl secretion in the absence of exogenous alphakg had a kt of approximately microm and a maximal transepithelial secretion rate jmax of approximately fmol min mm where kt is the fl concentration that produces onehalf the jmax it could be almost CR inhibited by basolateral paminohippurate pah selective inhibition of the basolateral nadc cotransporter indicated that recycling via this transporter of alphakg that had been exchanged for fl supports approximately of the basal fl secretion physiological alphakg concentrations of microm in the bath or microm in the perfusate stimulated net secretion of fl by approximately or approximately respectively these data indicate that the basolateral nadc cotransporter supports approximately of the net fl secretion the luminal and basolateral effects of physiological concentrations of alphakg were additive indicating that the combined function of the luminal and basolateral nadc cotransporters can support approximately of the net fl secretion this apparently occurs by their establishing and maintaining approximately of the outwardly directed alphakg gradient that is responsible for driving basolateral flalphakg exchange the remaining approximately would be maintained by metabolic production of alphakg in the cells | MEDAL |
several epitopes in the human melanoma antigens recognized by hlaarestricted ctls have a relatively low mhcbinding affinity and as a result may be expressed at very low densities on the cell surface indicating that these epitopes may not be efficient immunogens to express these epitopes at higher densities on the surface of antigenpresenting cells and therefore improve their immunogenicity a dna construct in which a cdna fragment encoding the melanoma epitope mart or gp was inserted between sequences encoding the leader and the hlaa protein cells transfected with these epitopehla F0 constructs were recognized by hlaarestricted melanomareactive ctls specific for the mart or gp epitope in addition tumorreactive ctls could be induced from pbmcs of patients with metastatic melanoma by in vitro stimulation with hmycr bcell lines expressing the mart or gp epitopehlaa fusion protein these epitopehla F0 constructs may be useful for the development of immunotherapies for patients with melanoma | MEDAL |
the aim of this tutorial is to support speechlanguage pathologists slps application of the ICF icf in assessment and treatment practices with children with language impairment | MEDAL |
aiming at fostering local OD of cardiology and cardiovascular surgery centers in developing countries the nonprofit organization childrens heartlink chl encourages centers to participate in the international SQ improvement collaborative DB for congenital HR disease iqic the definition of parameters and data to evaluate patient treatment provides an opportunity to improve quality of care reducing morbidity and mortality the objective of the T0 was to analyze the outcomes of the partnership between chl and iqic database with a single pediatric cardiology and cardiovascular surgery center for seven years providing continuous followup to guide actions aiming at morbidity and mortality reduction in patients with pediatric and congenital heart diseases | MEDAL |
in this study biodegradable nanocomposite film composed of pullulan whey protein isolate wpi montmorillonite mmt were developed and characterized as a CF of incorporating various amounts of mmt nanoparticles and wt results showed that the watervapor permeability MC moisture absorption and water solubility decreased when the nanommt content was increased TS improved and elongation at break simultaneously decreased with increasing mmt content the glass transition temperature tgand meltingpoint temperature tm increased with increasing nanommt content SEM microscope sem and xray diffraction xrd analysis revealed uniform CSD of mmt into the polymer matrix atomic force microscopy afm showed enhancement of films roughness with increasing mmt content | MEDAL |
we have previously reported that the amount of apg an hsp family protein decreases during apoptosis in jurkat TA since we hypothesized that apg would be cleaved by ICE during apoptosis a cleavagesitedirected antibody was raised against the carboxylterminus of the apg fragment that appears after the cleavage by caspase although this antibody could not detect the apg fragment in apoptotic cells three additional fragments were unexpectedly detected based on the results of microsequencing one of these fragments was identified as ku ku is a nuclear protein and a component of dnadependent protein kinase dnapk in this T0 we observed that ku is cleaved at asp residue during apoptosis and this cleavage occurs in the nucleus in the early AI phase furthermore ku is distributed in the cytoplasm of nuclear fragmented AI cells although the cleaved fragment contains the nuclearlocalization signal nls our study clearly shows that ku is cleaved in the nucleus and distributes in the cytoplasm during apoptosis | MEDAL |
overweight and obesity result in MSK impairments that limit exercise capacity we examined if the muscle strength and size response to RT rt differed among young mean sem years overweight and obese ow compared to normal weight nw adults as denoted by the body mass index bmi subjects were nw kgm years and ow kgm years men n and women n who underwent weeks dwk of rt of the nondominant arm MVC mvc and repetition maximum rm assessed peak elbow flexor strength magnetic resonance imaging measured the biceps muscle cross sectional area csa multiple dependent VL analysis of covariance tested if muscle strength and size differed among bmi groups pre post and pretopostrt overweight and obese had greater mvc rm and csa than nw pre and postrt p maximum voluntary contraction and rm gains were not different between bmi groups pre h is a rare acquired hematopoietic stem cell disorder closely related to aplastic anemia HA and lifethreatening thromboses are common features in many patients rapid diagnosis is highly desirable and flow cytometry plays a key role in the laboratory investigation of pnh by demonstrating absence of CM glycosylphosphatidylinositolanchored proteins from granulocytes or red cells a definitive diagnosis of pnh can be established this can have a considerable impact on patient management and outcome as with all rare diseases internal and external quality assurance is essential for good laboratory practice and to fulfill the requirements of national laboratory accreditation schemes | MEDAL |
hela cells arrested in mitosis were obtained in large numbers with only very slight interphase cell contamination by employing the agitation method of terasima and tolmach and robbins and marcus protein synthesis and rna synthesis were almost CR suppressed in MI cells AS polyribosomes were nearly absent in mitotic cells as compared with interphase cells treated in the same way cellfree protein synthesis and rna polymerase activity were also greatly depressed in extracts of metaphase cells the deoxyribonucleoprotein dnp of condensed chromosomes from MI cells was less efficient as a template for escherichia coli rna polymerase than was dnp from interphase cells although isolated dna from both sources was equally AS as a primer despite very poor endogenous CAA incorporation by extracts of metaphase cells polyuridylate stimulated phenylalanine incorporation by a larger factor in MI CE than it did in interphase CE these results suggest that rna synthesis is suppressed in MI cells because the condensed chromosomes cannot act as a template and that protein synthesis is depressed at least in part because messenger rna becomes unavailable to ribosomes this conclusion was supported by the demonstration that cells arrested in metaphase supported multiplication of normal yields of PV thereby showing that the MI cell is capable of considerable synthesis of rna and protein | MEDAL |
patients suffering from dermatophytic fungus infection involving the bearded area face and neck tinea barbae were seen in the clinic between and the clinical diagnosis was confirmed by microscopic examination koh of skin and hair scrapings in all the patients the material obtained from patients and inoculated gave a positive culture in were isolated and following fungi t rubrum t mentagrophytes t megninii t violaceum m canis from the clinical point of veiw it was possible to classify the patients in main types SF type patients kerion patients t mentagrophytes m canis nodular typedeep seated nodules without discharging very slow evolution patients t mentagrophytes t rubrum t megninii t violaceum it was obtained material for histology in patients suffering from kerion and with the nodular clinical type the histology of the kerion type showed a marked inflammatory reaction consisting largely of neutrophils surrounding the hair follicles only in one examination out of the patients studied with kerion showed fungi on pas the patients suffering from the nodular type of infection who were studied histologically showed a more or less uniform picture which consisted in a more deep seated infiltration specially consisting of lymphocytes and plasmocytes on the derme but not so perifollicular as in kerion and in cases there was a tendency to form a tuberculoid structure the pas was positive in patients the fungi were always intrafollicular all the patients were treated with griseofulvin gr per day all of them healed T3 a period of weeks of treatment | MEDAL |
LAM and ABD angiomyolipoma are related lesions for which there is no authentic rat both of these proliferative lesions occur in sporadic patients and at much higher frequency in patients with tuberous sclerosis which is due to mutations in the tsc and tsc genes tsc and tsc mice frequently develop CL hemangioma we found that the tsc mouse ldies suggest that neocortical tissue even in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy can play an important role as an irritative zone or extrahippocampal focus we hypothesized that intrinsic neuronal and synaptic excitability as well as shortterm plasticity are altered in neocortical areas particularly with elevated k levels as occur during seizures we analyzed neuronal firing properties synaptic responses and PP STDP in human neocortical slices from tissue resected during epilepsy surgery both under normal and under pathological conditions ie T3 elevating k mm with rat neocortical slices as controls neuronal firing properties were not different we did find however alterations of synaptic responsiveness in epileptic tissue ie an elevated network excitability with k elevations and reduction of PP depression | MEDAL |
slipped capital FA epiphysis occurs in adolescents most often shortly after the onset of puberty in patients suffering form renal osteodystrophy the incidence is higher and the condition usually occurs at a younger age metabolic changes induce weakening of the bone which makes the hip joint vulnerable the initial treatment consists of phosphaterestricted diet lanthanum carbonate cinacalcet a calcimimetic calcium carbonate and oral calcitriol aiming at restoration of bone quality the use of several surgical treatment options has been reported in this case which was diagnosed at a later age because no radiographic workup was performed in the patients homeland the only possible treatment option was a total hip arthroplasty the use of a commercially available femoral stem was impossible because of the abnormal anatomy of the PT femur this patient was treated with a custom stem prosthesis manufactured intraoperatively six weeks post surgery hhs and vas were improved ten weeks post surgery a fracture of the FA diaphysis was treated with revision surgery using a cm long custommade stem at weeks post surgery progressive physical therapy is being instituted timely PCD of SCFE is a cornerstone of adequate management in this specific case the diagnosis was missed and salvage treatment required total hip arthroplasty with a stem prosthesis adapted to the patients anatomy | MEDAL |
the impact of AS urinary incontinence sui is not limited to physical and psychological consequences classically evaluated for this disease in fact some studies emphasize the indisputable existence of sexual disorders directly imputable to sui SF is an important DUE element bcci rats were treated similarly and then they were sacrificed five days after the i.t. for an immunocytochemical analysis of endoneurial RT necrosis factoralpha TNF macrophages and mast cells in the sciatic nerve PT to the site of injury vehicleinjected cci rats demonstrated the expected neuropathic pain PS triamcinolonetreated cci rats had a statistically significant reduction in the magnitude of heathyperalgesia and mechanoallodynia but there was no effect on coldallodynia or mechanohyperalgesia on the nerveinjured side of vehicleinjected rats tnfalpha was present in SCs and mast cells on the nerveinjured side of triamcinolonetreated rats there was a significant reduction in the number of tnfalphapositive mast cells our results suggest that glucocorticoid therapy for NP may work via the reduced expression of tnfalpha in endoneurial mast cells | MEDAL |
the group of fibroosseous lesions from the maxillofacial region is very heterogeneous but what they all have in common is the substitution of normal bone by fibroblasts with the consequent formation of collagen fibers as well as substitution by different types of mineralized tissues which may be similar to bone or cement within this group of lesions the juvenile POF is found considered a rare and recurrent benign fibroosseous neoplasia the term juvenile ossifying fibroma has been used in the literature to describe two histopathological variations of conventional ossifying fibroma these variations are trabecular juvenile POF and psammomatoid juvenile ossifying fibroma psammomatoid juvenile ossifying fibroma is an uncommon boneforming neoplasm with aggressive local growth diagnostic of this lesion occurs after the rho of clinical imaging and histopathological findings proposed treatments range from enucleation and curettage to resection of the tumor | MEDAL |
this study presents a multicellular computational model of a rat mesenteric arteriole to investigate the signal transduction mechanisms involved in the generation of conducted vasoreactivity the model comprises detailed descriptions of EC ecs and smooth muscle sm cells smcs coupled by nonselective gap junctions with strong myoendothelial coupling local agonist stimulation of the ec or sm SL causes local changes in membrane potential vm that are conducted electrotonically primarily through the EC when myoendothelial coupling is weak signals initiated in the sm conduct poorly but the sensitivity of the smcs to current injection and agonist stimulation increases thus physiological transmembrane currents can induce different levels of local vm NC depending on cells gap junction connectivity the physiological relevance of current and voltage clamp stimulations in IN vessels is discussed focal agonist stimulation of the EC reduces cytosolic calcium intracellular ca concentration in the prestimulated sm layer this smc ca reduction is attributed to a spread of ec hyperpolarization via gap junctions inositol trisphosphate but not ca diffusion through homocellular gap junctions can increase intracellular ca concentration in neighboring ecs the small EC ca spread can amplify the total current generated at the local site by the ecs and through the nitric oxide pathway by the smcs and thus reduces the number of stimulated cells required to induce distant responses the distance of the electrotonic and ca spread depends on the magnitude of sm prestimulation and the number of sm layers MM results are consistent with experimental data for vasoreactivity in rat mesenteric resistance arteries | MEDAL |
a yrold previously healthy woman presenting with jaundice and the clinical symptoms of an atypical pneumonia was hospitalized haemolytic anaemia due to cold agglutinins was diagnosed and erythromycin therapy for a suspected MP infection was instituted serological testing revealed however that the infection was attributable to chlamydia psittaci the literature on psittacosis and haematological complications is reviewed cold agglutinins are sometimes found in association with psittacosis but a concomitant CNSHA is rare | MEDAL |
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