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chronic monitoring of intravesical pressure is required to detect the ON of intravesical hypertension and the progression of a more severe condition recent reports demonstrate the bladder state can be monitored from the spiking activity of the dorsal root ganglia or lumbosacral spinal cord however one of the most serious challenges for these methods is the difficulty of sustained spike signal acquisition due to the highelectrodelocationsensitivity of spikes or neurodegeneration alternatively it has been demonstrated that local field potential recordings are less affected by encapsulation reactions or electrode location changes here we hypothesized that local field potential lfp from the lumbosacral dorsal horn may provide information concerning the intravesical pressure lfp and spike MICs were simultaneously recorded from the lumbosacral spinal cord of anesthetized rats during bladder filling the results show that the lfp MICs carry significant information about intravesical pressure along with spiking activities importantly the IVP is decoded from the power in highfrequency bands hz with a substantial performance similar to that of the spike train decoding these findings demonstrate that highfrequency lfp activity can be an alternative intravesical pressure monitoring signal which could lead to a proper closed loop system for urinary control | MEDAL |
the sympathetic ganglion contains small intensely fluorescent sif cells derived from the neural crest we morphologically characterize sif cells and focus on their relationship with ganglionic cells preganglionic nerve SF and sensory nerve endings sif cells stained intensely for IMT hydroxylase th with a few cells also being immunoreactive for dopamine βhydroxylase dbh vesicular acetylcholine transporter vachtimmunoreactive puncta were distributed around some clusters of sif cells whereas some sif cells closely abutted dbhimmunoreactive ganglionic cells sif cells contained bassoonimmunoreactive products beneath the cell membrane at the attachments and on opposite sites to the ganglionic cells ganglion SN and sif cells were immunoreactive to dopamine d receptors immunohistochemistry for px revealed ramified nerve endings with px immunoreactivity around sif cells triplelabeling for px th and vacht allowed the classification of sif cells into three types based on their innervation with only vachtimmunoreactive puncta with only pximmunoreactive nerve endings with both pximmunoreactive nerve endings and vachtimmunoreactive puncta the results of retrograde tracing with fast blue dye indicated that most of these nerve endings originated from the petrosal ganglion thus sif cells in the superior C2 ganglion are innervated by preganglionic fibers and glossopharyngeal sensory nerve endings and can be classified into three types sif cells might modulate sympathetic activity in the superior cervical ganglion | MEDAL |
colour vision greatly enhances the discriminatory and cognitive capabilities of visual systems and is found in a great majority of vertebrates and many invertebrates however colour coding visual systems are confronted with the fact that the external stimuli are ambiguous because they are subject to constant variations of luminance and spectral composition furthermore the transmittance of the ocular media the spectral sensitivity of visual pigments and the ratio of spectral cone types are also variable this results in a situation where there is no fixed relationship between a stimulus and a colour percept colour constancy has been identified as a powerful mechanism to deal with this set of problems however it is AS only in a ST time range changes covering longer periods of time require additional tuning mechanisms at the photoreceptor level or at postreceptoral stages of chromatic processing we have used the trichromatic blue acara aequidens pulcher cichlidae as a model system and studied retinal morphology and physiology and visually evoked behaviour T3 rearing fish for years under various conditions including near monochromatic lights spectral ED and two intensities of white light controls in GA longterm exposure to long wavelengths CS had lesser effects than light of middle and short wavelengths within the cone photoreceptors spectral ED did not NC the absorption characteristics of the visual pigments by contrast the outer segment length of middle and longwavesensitive cones was markedly increased in the blue rearing group furthermore in the same group we observed a loss of shortwavesensitive cones T3 years these changes may be interpreted as manifestations of compensatory mechanisms aimed at restoring the balance between the chromatic channels at the horizontal cell level the connectivity between shortwavesensitive cones and the h cone horizontal cells and the spinule dynamics were both affected in the BL group this observation rules out the role of spinules as sites of chromatic feedback synapses the lightevoked responses of h horizontal cells were also sensitive to spectral deprivation showing a shift of the neutral point towards short wavelengths in the blue rearing group interestingly we also found an intensity effect because in the group reared in bright whiir to form the atpsensitive potassium katp channel within the AChR sur serves as a regulatory subunit which finetunes the gating of kirx in response to alterations in cellular metabolism it constitutes a major pharmaceutical target as it binds numerous drugs katp channel openers and blockers capable of up or downregulating channel activity we here review current knowledge on the molecular basis of the interaction of classical katp channel openers cromakalim pinacidil DZ with sur | MEDAL |
in order to explore early events during the association of plasminogen activator inhibitor pai with its cofactor vitronectin we have applied a robust strategy that combines protein engineering fluorescence spectroscopy and rapid reaction kinetics fluorescence stoppedflow experiments designed to monitor the rapid association of pai with vitronectin indicate a fast concentrationdependent biphasic IB of pai to native vitronectin but only a monophasic association with the somatomedin b smb domain suggesting that multiple phases of the binding interaction occur only when FL vitronectin is present nonetheless in all cases the initial fast interaction is followed by slower fluorescence changes attributed to a conformational change in pai cDNA experiments using an engineered fluorescently silent pai with nonnatural amino acids showed that concomitant structural changes occur as well in native vitronectin furthermore we have measured the effect of vitronectin on the rate of insertion of the reactive center loop into betasheet a of pai during reaction with target proteases with a variety of pai SCV we observe that both FL vitronectin and the smb domain have proteasespecific effects on the rate of loop insertion but that the two exhibit clearly different effects these results support a model for pai IB to vitronectin in which the interaction surface extends beyond the region of pai occupied by the smb domain in support of this model are recent results that define a paibinding site on vitronectin that lies outside the somatomedin b domain schar c r blouse g e minor k h and peterson c b j biol chem and the cDNA site on pai schar c r jensen j k christensen a blouse g e andreasen p a and peterson c b j biol chem | MEDAL |
the estimation of urea kinetic parameters urea generation rate gu normalized protein catabolic rate npcr and dialysis dose ktv is routinely performed during a single hemodialysis session as a representative sample of a SD series to ascertain whether the stability assumption is tenable and to estimate the variability of urea kinetic parameters a number of SD patients on RDT in their usual clinical setting were followed | MEDAL |
to assess the utility of single photon emission computed tomography spect with thallium T3 anterior myocardial infarction at predischarge time in the PCD of a the prevalence of isotopic redistribution in the infarct area or at a distance b the rho between periinfarction ischemia and the angiographic state of the infarctrelated i.a. and c the rho between ischemia at a distance and the presence of multivessel disease | MEDAL |
the effect of quercetin on the mutagenicity of kinds of aromatic amines and their acetamides were investigated using salmonella typhimurium ta with a mammalian metabolic activation system s mix quercetin enhanced the mutagenicity of the TCA AAs aminofluorene aminoanthracene and aminophenanthrene and their acetamides by fold whereas quercetin depressed the mutagenicity of AN derivatives biphenyl derivatives and bi and tetracyclic amino derivatives the modulation of mutagenicity of trpp trpp glup and glup heterocyclic amines by quercetin were liable to be affected by the content of s in the s mix it seems that quercetin does not have the same effect as norharman because quercetin did not enhance the mutagenicity of aniline it is suggested that the modulation of the mutagenicity of aromatic amines and acetamides is caused by the modulation of the balance between the mutagenic activation and inactivation in the metabolism of these amines and acetamides in the presence of quercetin in this modulation quercetin may participate through its effects on the promotion of nhydroxylation and the inhibition of arylhydroxylation and transacylation the presence of TCA aromatic rings of amines and acetamides is a structural requirement for the mutagenicity enhancement by quercetin | MEDAL |
the capacity of aromatization in neoplastic human endometrial specimens was investigated viable tissue fragments were incubated with htestosterone nm at c for hours various estrogens were isolated from the incubated tissues and medium the mean value of estrogen synthesized in cases of endometrial adenocarcinoma means sd fmolmg protein is approximately two and five times higher than that of proliferative and sec endometria respectively the highest capacity was found in three mixed mullerian tumors means fmolmg protein these findings indicate that the malignant endometria in particular the MMT are able to synthesize estrogen in a capacity higher than that in normal endometria endometrial aromatase may play an important role in promoting cell growth in estrogensensitive tumors | MEDAL |
erythrokinetics were studied in HCL in all cases there was an increase in CPV closely correlated to the size of the SP indicating that the true degree of anaemia can only be appreciated by red cell volume measurement moderately increased haemolysis was observed in most cases which did not correlate with the SP size simultaneous study of autologous and isologous red cell lifespan suggested an extracorpuscular mechanism for the haemolysis in most patients a quantitative erythropoietic defect either relative or absolute was found in half the cases without any qualitative defect only one case showed erythroid metaplasia of the spleen thus marrow failure appears to be largely responsible for the anaemia and granulocytopenia in hairycell leukaemia a clear rho was shown between the ST prognosis after splenectomy and the degree of hypersplenism however LT survival correlated chiefly with the degree of bone marrow failure whether splenectomy had been carried out or not the results indicate that isotope studies in hairycell leukaemia are useful both in determining the best form of treatment and predicting survival | MEDAL |
late menarche is a risk factor for fragility fractures we hypothesized that pubertal timingdependent alterations in bone structural components would persist from PBM to menopause independent of premenopausal BL we studied the influence of menarcheal age mena on femoral neck bmd fn abmd by dxa and microstructure of distal tibia by hrpqct in healthy young adult yad sd yr n and premenopausal MA premeno yr n women median of mena was and yr in yad and premeno respectively in yad and premeno n fn abmd r p as well as total volumetric bmd dtot r p and cortical thickness ctth r p of distal tibia were inversely correlated to mena after segregation by the median of mena in early and late subgroups the significant influences of both mena p and chronological age p were observed for fn abmd and trabecular BV/TV fraction of the distal tibia with similar differences in tscores between late and early subgroups in yad and tscores and premeno and tscores women ctth was negatively influenced by mena whereas trabecular thickness tbth was negatively influenced by CA there was a striking inverse relationship between crosssectionalgle detector on a d surface the former RPA is costly and complicated to realize while the latter is inherently slow we present a different approach based on a sparse d array of detector elements and an iterative reconstruction algorithm this RPA has the potential for fast image acquisition since no mechanical scanning is required and for simple and compact construction due to the smaller number of detector elements we obtained spatial sensitivity maps of the sparse array and used them to optimize the image reconstruction algorithm we then validated the method on phantoms containing d distributions of optically absorbing point sources reconstruction of the point sources from the timedomain signals resulted in images with good contrast and accurate localization or mm error image acquisition time was s the results suggest that d pai with a sparse array of detector elements is a viable RPA furthermore the rapid acquisition speed indicates the possibility of high frame rate d pai | MEDAL |
this paper describes the OD and validation of an analytical methodology to determine eight perfluorinated compounds pfcs in edible fish using PLE ple with water and solidphase SE spe with an ionexchanger as SE and preconcentration procedures followed by liquid chromatographyquadrupolelinear ion trap mass spectrometry lcqqlitms the rapidity and effectiveness of the proposed extraction procedure were compared with those most commonly used to isolate pfcs from fish ionpairing and ALP digestion the average recoveries of the different fish samples spiked with the eight pfcs at three C2 the loq and microg kg of each pfc were always higher than with relative standard deviation rsd lower than a good linearity was established for the eight pfcs in the range from to microg kg with r the limits of quantification loqs were between and microg kg which are well below those previously reported for this type of samples compared with previous methods sample preparation time andor loqs are reduced the method demonstrated its successful application for the analysis of different parts of several fish species most of the samples tested positive mainly for perfluoropentanoic acid pfpa perfluorobutane sulfonate pfbs and perfluorooctanoic acid pfoa but other of the eight studied pfcs were also present | MEDAL |
the effect of calcium channel blockers on the extrarenal disposition of an acute potassium load was examined in acutely nephrectomized rats infused with kcl meq x kg x h for min alone or in combination with either verapamil or nifedipine the increment in plasma potassium concentration during the potassium infusion delta pk with either verapamil or nifedipine was less than control p less than and respectively studies were repeated in acutely adrenalectomized rats adx to evaluate whether the changes in PK were consequent to the enhanced activity of EN and other adrenal hormones delta pk with adx was higher than control p less than verapamil or nifedipine with adx resulted in a lower concerned with transmitter release | MEDAL |
to show examples in which the analysis of the effect of BBB on orthodromic reciprocating tachycardia cycle length was misleading | MEDAL |
the different extra and intrathyroid origin of hyperthyroidism the advantages of the surgical procedure and the criteria for the extent of thyroid resection determine the operative tactics for both forms of hyperthyroidism we recommend a rather D2 resection of the diseased thyroid gland in order to prevent recurrent HT and recurrent thyroid growth as well these recurrences require subtotal thyroidectomy for GD monolateral partial lobectomy for a socalled TA and BL partial lobectomy for toxic multinodular goiters with these procedures lesions of the recurrent SN and parathyroid glands can be prevented | MEDAL |
responses of cytochrome pdependent ethoxyphenoxazone deethylase etopxase and benzyloxyphenoxazone debenzylase bzopxase MICs to changes in CA conditions were measured in total microsomal and isolated ATII tii cells from rats pretreated with betanaphthoflavone whereas microsomal etopxase activity was unaffected by storage at degrees c for up to months bzopxase activity began to decline T3 only month the microsomal and type ii activities were unaffected by changes in ph or salt content the type ii activities increased T3 sonication fold or in the presence of microm dicumarol fold type ii bzopxase was CS to metyrapone mp whereas etopxase was sensitive to alphanaphthoflavone anf i values for the tii MICs were calculated as micrommp bzopxase micrommp etopxase micromanf etopxase at the highest concentration of anf microm inhibition tii bzopxase was not observed the results were similar to those obtained with the total lung microsomal fraction microsomal and tii bzopxase MICs exhibited nonlinear dependence at low enzyme concentration linearity was restored by mm dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine | MEDAL |
UB cancer ubc is a common disease worldwide with a higher incidence rate in developed countries OC pesticides ocps potent EDs are found to be associated with several cancers such as prostate breast bladder etc glutathione stransferase gst is a polymorphic supergene family involved in the detoxification of numerous environmental toxins including ocps the present T0 was carried out in ubc subjects n and healthy control subjects n with an aim to determine the role of gstm and gstt polymorphism and its implication on the ocp detoxification or bioaccumulation which may increase the risk of ubc in humans this T0 was also designed to identify the geneenvironment interaction specifically between gene polymorphism in xenobiotic metabolizing genetic enzymes and blood ocp levels gstmgstt gene polymorphism was analysed by using multiplex pcr ocps C2 in whole blood were estimated by gas chromatography equipped with electron capture detector the results demonstrated a significant p increase in frequency of gstmformulaformulagsttformulaformula null TT in ubc cases without interfering the distribution of other gsttgstm genotypes the blood C2 of alpha α beta β gamma γ total hexachlorcyclohexane hch and parapara dichlorodiphenyltrichloroetane ppddt were found to be significantly p high in ubc cases as compared to controls MRA revealed a significant interaction between βhch and gstmformulaformula genotype p as well as in βhch and gsttformulaformula genotype p respectively these findings indicate that geneenvironment interaction may play a key role in increasing the risk for ubc in individuals who are genetically more susceptible due to presence of gstmgstt null deletion during their routine encounter with or exposure to ocps | MEDAL |
the steps involved in determining the chirality of the mandelic acid excreted by rats after administration of ethylbenzene and ST were investigated by studying the fate of racemic r and sphenylethanediol a F0 of mandelic acid these investigations indicate the occurrence of two alternative routes of metabolism for phenylethanediol one involving PR of configuration and the other resulting in the loss of the chiral centre the stereoselectivity of the disposition of MA was investigated rats were dosed with MA either as the racemate or as the individual enantiomers gcmass spectrometry and hplc were used to determine the enantiomers of mandelic acid there were at least two routes by which mandelic acid could be metabolized andor excreted there is a stereoselective pathway in rat for smandelic acid which gives rise to phenylglyoxylic acid the chiral inversion of smandelic acid to rmandelic acid is reported although this has been observed in bacteria it has not previously been observed in mammals the extent to which MA is metabolized to phenylglyoxylic acid is dependent on the enantiomeric composition of the mandelic acid administered there is no evidence to indicate significant ketonealcohol conversion that is phenylglyoxylic acid is not significantly reduced to MA in vivo | MEDAL |
rats consistently reduce their FI following injections of bacterial lipopolysaccharides lps because inhibition of serotonergic ht activity by ohdpat hta activation attenuates lpsinduced anorexia we conducted a series of studies to examine whether other htreceptors are involved in the mediation of IP lpsinduced anorexia in all experiments rats were injected with lps microgkg body weight bw ip at lights out hour antagonists were administered peripherally at hour shortly T3 the onset of anorexia which presumably follows the enhanced cytokine production after lps food intake was then recorded during the subsequent h or longer ht receptor antagonists cyanopindolol and sb htb ketanserin hta rs htc and metoclopramide ht failed to attenuate lpsinduced anorexia in contrast both ritanserin htacreceptor antagonist mgkg bw and sb htc mgkg bw att lpsinduced anorexia at doses that did not alter food intake in nonlpstreated rats all p our results suggest that at least part of the anorexia following IP lps administration is mediated through an enhanced htergic activity and the htc receptor | MEDAL |
the food and drug administration fda amends its patient package insert regulations to list ampicillin and phenytoin as drugs that must be dispensed with PPIs the ampicillin PPI applies to drug products containing amoxicillin ampicillin or hetacillin elsewhere in this issue of the federal register fda announces the availability of final guideline PPIs for ampicillin and phenytoin and applies the agencys patient package insert regulations to them | MEDAL |
intracellular calcium ions are involved in the regulation of nearly every aspect of cell CF in smooth muscle ca can be delivered to casensitive effector molecules either by influx through BPM ion channels or by intracellular ca release events ca sparks are transient local increases in intracellular ca that arise from the opening of ryanodinesensitive ca RyRs ryanodine receptors located in the sarcoplasmic reticulum in arterial myocytes ca sparks occur near the BPM and act to deliver high microm local ca to plasmalemmal casensitive ion channels without directly altering global [Ca2+]i the two L1 ion channel targets of ca sparks are caactivated chloride clca channels and largeconductance caactivated potassium bk channels the activation of bk channels by ca sparks play an important role in the regulation of arterial diameter and appear to be involved in the action of a variety of vasodilators the coupling of ca sparks to bk channels can be influenced by a number of factors including membrane potential and modulatory beta subunits of bk channels clca channels while not present in all smooth muscle can also be G1 by ca sparks in some types of smooth muscle ca sparks can also influence the activity of cadependent transcription AF and expression of immediate early response genes such as cfos in summary ca sparks are local ca signaling events that in smooth muscle can act on plasma membrane ion channels to influence ECC as well as mRNA | MEDAL |
ulva spp dominates green tides around the world which are occurring at an accelerated rate the competitive nitrogen assimilation efficiency in ulva is suggested to result in ecological success against other seaweeds however molecular characterization of genes involved in nitrogen assimilation has not been conducted here we describe the ID of the nitrate reductase nr gene from a green seaweed ulva prolifera an alga which is responsible for the worlds largest green tide in the yellow sea using rapid amplification of cdna ends and genome walking the nr gene from u prolifera upnr was cloned which consisted of six introns and seven exons encoding amino acids according to CS alignment the nr in u prolifera was shown to possess all five essential domains and key invariant residues in plant nrs the gc content of third codon position of upnr was as high as those of green microalgae and the intron number supported a potential loss issue from green microalga to land plant RT quantitative pcr results showed that upnr transcript level was induced by nitrate and repressed by ammonium which could not be removed by addition of extra nitrate indicating that u prolifera preferred ammonium to nitrate urea would not repress nr transcription by itself while it weakened the induction effect of nitrate implying it possibly inhibited nitrate uptake rather than nitrate reduction these results suggest the use of upnr as a genesensor to probe the n assimilation process in green tides caused by ulva | MEDAL |
screening and brief intervention sbi are considered good prevention strategies for alcoholrelated problems in primary health care phc the aim of this study was to evaluate the process of an sbi implementation program for alcohol risk use and evaluate the AF that facilitated or impeded this implementation in two phc settings at the brazilian city of juiz de fora | MEDAL |
the presenilin ps gene on chromosome carries mutations which cosegregate with earlyonset familial alzheimers disease we quantified ps mrna in postmortem midtemporal and superior frontal cortices from alzheimers disease subjects ND controls and subjects with other neurological diseases using solution hybridisationrnase protection assay app and aplp mrnas had previously been quantified in these samples johnston et al mol BB res in press and subjects were apolipoprotein e apoe genotyped there were no significant differences between ps mrna levels per pg total rna in midtemporal or superior frontal cortices of the alzheimers disease subjects compared to controls ps mrna levels corresponded to of total app and of aplp mrna C2 and were not significantly affected by age postmortem delay tissue ph or apoe TT ps mrna showed significant positive correlations with app and aplp mrna C2 in midtemporal cortex and with app mrna in superior FC cortex this may reflect a coregulation of the expression of these genes or the fact that they are expressed in similar neuronal populations | MEDAL |
explant cultures of AD human trabecular bone fragments give rise to OB cells that are known to express osteoblastrelated genes and mineralize extracellular matrix these osteoblastic cells have also been shown to undergo adipogenesis in vitro and chondrogenesis in vivo here we report the in vitro developmental potential of adult hOB cells hob derived from explant cultures of collagenasepretreated trabecular bone fragments in addition to osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation these cells are capable of chondrogenic differentiation in vitro in a manner similar to adult human bone marrowderived mesenchymal progenitor cells highdensity pellet cultures of hob maintained in chemically defined serumfree medium supplemented with transforming growth factorbeta were composed of morphologically distinct chondrocytelike cells expressing mrna transcripts of collagen types ii ix and x and aggrecan the cells within the highdensity pellet cultures were surrounded by a sulfated proteoglycanrich EM that immunostained for collagen type ii and proteoglycan link protein osteogenic differentiation of hob was verified by an increased number of alkaline phosphatasepositive cells that expressed osteoblastrelated transcripts such as alkaline phosphatase collagen type i osteopontin and osteocalcin and formed mineralized matrix in monolayer cultures treated with ascorbate betaglycerophosphate and bone morphogenetic protein adipogenic differentiation of hob was determined by the appearance of intracellular lipid droplets and expression of adipocytespecific genes such as lipoprotein lipase and peroxisome proliferatoractivated receptor gamma in ML cultures treated with dexamethasone indomethacin insulin and isobutylmethylxanthine taken together these results show that cells derived from collagenasetreated AD human trabecular bone fragments have the potential to differentiate into multiple mesenchymal lineages in vitro indicating their developmental plasticity and suggesting their mesenchymal progenitor nature | MEDAL |
dehydroergosterol is a NK yeast sterol which has recently been employed for direct observation of intracellular sterol transport by uv microscopy here methods are described for improved visualization and quantification of dehydroergosterol in the CM of polarized hepg cells using a new online CA it is shown that dehydroergosterol derived from a cyclodextrin complex inserted into the plasma membrane with a half time of t approximately s based on a detailed bleaching analysis of DHE slightly different bleaching rates for DHE in the basolateral and canalicular membrane were found indicating different fluorophore environments bleaching correction in concert with d imaging allows for detection of dehydroergosterol enrichment in microvilli of the canalicular membrane forming the biliary canaliculus evidence is provided that some dehydroergosterol accumulating in a subapical compartment or apical recycling compartment can rapidly t approximately min exchange in vesicles towards the biliary canaliculus while the majority of dehydroergosterol does not redistribute from this compartment the rapidly exchanging pool resembles only a small portion of the total subapical compartment or apical recycling compartmentassociated dehydroergosterol about kinetic modelling supports the theory that the subapical compartment or apical recycling compartment to biliary canaliculus transport pathway for sterol is unidirectional this pathway might be important for rapid biliary transport of free sterol produced by hydrolysis of cholesteryl esters derived from HD lipoprotein | MEDAL |
the purposes of this study were to investigate the auditory performance and map characteristics of implanted children with narrow internal auditory canal iac and to examine the clinical usefulness of map optimization as a predictor of their cochlear implant ci outcomes by analyzing their auditory performance and habilitation methods in relation to map optimization | MEDAL |
the efficacy of EAP ea for treating patients with diarrheapredominant ibs has been confirmed in the authors former research but the RII mechanism of ea in ibs is still unknown the aim of this study was to explore the relationship between the effect of ea on treating ibs rats and the activation and proliferation of mast cell mc the secretion of substance psp and VIP vip the ibs rat MM was set up with AS of IB limbs and colorectal distention all rats were randomly assigned to four groups normal model tegaserod and ea hematoxylin and eosin staining has been used to observe the pathological change in the rats Tc mucosa and an awr scoring system has been applied to evaluate improvement of visceral hypersensitivity in various methods of the different groups TB improved method tbi and immunohistochemistry have also been involved in observations of mucous mast cells in the colon NC of cfos positive cells and secretion of sp spr vip vipr in the local colon firstly the threshold of visceral sensitivity in the rats model with ibs was remarkably reduced p the mc count in Tc mucosa and cfos positive cells count increased significantly p witnsion will increase the molecules glomerular permeability thus we investigated the glomerular sieving coefficients theta of the mentioned polymers and of the negatively charged and extended protein bikunin | MEDAL |
mu monoclonal antibodies mabs are widely used but have limitations if po in humans the use of chimeric or humanized mabs can reduce immunogenicity the first step in producing such mabs is to clone mu variable genes from a hybridoma but it is possible to amplify both functional and aberrant VH as they coexist in the hybridoma during the OD of a murinehuman chimeric antibody we have cloned from a hybridoma the functional heavy chain VL region vh and VL vl genes of a mab that blocks the IB of anthrax lethal factor to protective antigen in this T0 we report the detection of two aberrant transcripts from a hybridoma produced using myeloma cell line our the development of a method to distinguish between the PET and abundant aberrant vl transcripts and the origins of these aberrant genes the aberrant vl gene is derived from our cells while the aberrant vh gene might derive from antibody repertoires in B1 or from gene rearrangement in the hybridoma cells the aberrant vh and vl genes in this T0 may facilitate discrimination between the PET and aberrant variable genes from hybridoma cells | MEDAL |
recombination events induce significant genetic changes and this process can result in virus genetic diversity or in the generation of novel pathogenicity we discovered a new recombinant feline leukemia virus felv | MEDAL |
differential cell counts were done on bronchial lavage specimens from horses postmortem gross and histologic examinations were done to determine the pathologic diagnosis of the lungs from these horses ninetytwo were normal had interstitial pneumonia had bronchopneumonia had focal eosinophilia had diffuse eosinophilia had CB and had suppurative bronchitis little relationship was found between cellular features of the lavage specimens and the pathologic status of the lungs of individual horses | MEDAL |
in eight patients from until TA ta was QTc with valved xenograft conduits between either the RA atrium and the main pulmonary artery or between the RA atrium and the rudimentary RA ventricle all patients suffered from transient rightheart failure postoperatively and eventually developed normalized cardiac function throughout the first two months T3 T0 at recatheterization one year postoperatively the RA atrial pressure had generally only increased slightly the pulmonary i.a. pressure was normal in all patients and only minor pressure differences were present across the valved conduits xray examination showed normalization of the heart size in the majority of the patients and in those with conduits between the right atrium and the RA IVT a considerable enlargement of the RA ventricular chamber together with normalization of RA VVI +dP/dt had developed arterial oxygen saturation haemoglobin and haematocrit valves had normalized in all patients one patient died postoperatively of intractable right ventricular failure septicaemia and intravascular coagulation and another was uneventfully reoperated on two years postoperatively because of conduit thrombosis clinical results were gratifying two patients with valved conduits between the right atrium and the RA ventricle showed a normal unrestricted level of activity without medication while patients with valved conduits between the right atrium and the MPA were digitalized with an almost normal level of activity early repair with valved conduits of patients with ta is advocated | MEDAL |
stem cell fate in the arabidopsis thaliana shoot apical meristem sam is controlled by wuschel wus and clavata here we examine bard for brcaassociated ring domain which had previously been implicated in dna repair functions we find that it also regulates wus expression we observed severe sam defects in the knockout mutant bard wus transcripts accumulated fold in bard compared with the wild type and were located mainly in the outermost cell layers instead of the usual organizing center a TPS wus promoter region was recognized by nuclear protein extracts obtained from wildtype plants and this proteindna complex was recognized by antibodies against bard the double mutant wus bard showed prematurely terminated sam structures MZ to those of wus indicating that bard functions through regulation of wus bard overexpression resulted in reduced wus transcript C2 giving a wuslike phenotype either FL bard or a clontability ratio profiles of dispersion height for both large and small scale systems were represented as a fraction of the initial height and were found to be independent of the geometrical dimensions of the separator furthermore by plotting time as a fraction of the initial height the total time of separation can be calculated for a given height of system at a particular stability ratio this generalization is important for the design of large scale AQ twophase separators phase separation times were also found to be dependent on which of the phases is continuous a characteristic change in phase separation time was also observed at the phase inversion point ie where the dispersed phase changes to a continuous phase and vice versa and this point tends toward higher volume ratios as the tieline length tll is increased furthermore the phase inversion point at each tll corresponds to a fixed phosphate concentration | MEDAL |
self assembled hybrid polyelectrolyte complex pec nanoparticles are prepared from cationically modified gelatin and SA alg by electrostatic complexation between the polymers cationised gelatin cg is prepared by the reaction of gelatin with ethylenediamine structural changes in gelatin after modification with ethylenediamine are investigated by xrd and h nmr spectroscopy hybrid polyelectrolyte nanoparticles labeled cgalg are prepared by simple mixing of cg and alg cgalg complex shows spherical morphology as confirmed by SEM microscopy these PEC NPs can be used for the encapsulation and delivery of natural antioxidant curcumin to carcinoma cells cgalg NPs show curcumin EE of and exhibit sustained release of curcumin in vitro anticancer activity of curcumin loaded cgalg NPs towards mcf cells is disclosed by mtt assay intracellular uptake of the drug encapsulated NPs is confirmed by FL imaging | MEDAL |
gastrointestinal mesenchymal PT gimts are the most common mesenchymal tumors of the gastrointestinal tract rcas receptorbinding CA expressed on siso cells is a cancer cellsurface antigen and has been identified as a prognostic factor in several CA types it is thought that RT cells escape immune attack by expressing rcas which induces apoptosis in receptorpositive immune cells the current T0 was designed to elucidate the histogenesis of these PT by using various immunohistochemical markers and identify parameters that will help to establish the criteria of malignancy in the gimt we also discuss the clinicopathological significance of rcas expression in the diagnosis and prognosis of gimts a total of cases of gimts were reviewed immunohistochemistry was performed between and with the avidinbiotinperoxidase complex method on micromthick sections of formalinfixed paraffinembedded specimens of gimts antibodies to the following antigens were used kit cd cd alphasma desmin cytokeratin s protein p and rcas recurrencefree survival analysis was done with stat viewj statistical packages univariate analysis for a recurrencefree prognosis demonstrated that antibody PCD of p expression p and expression of rcas p is correlated with a significantly higher potential of recurrence on multivariate analysis RT size and rcas expression were independently and inversely correlated with recurrencefree survival the expression of rcas has not previously been reported in gimt indeed our study suggests that the expression of rcas is correlated with recurrence not only in carcinomas but also in mesenchymal tumors | MEDAL |
studies have confirmed the close rho of echocardiographically estimated pulmonary arterial pressure with invasive measurements in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease copd but there are few data on utility of echocardiographic measurement in assessing pulmonary arterial hypertension ph in copd and rho with pulmonary CF tests presence or absence of TR tr was determined by doppler echocardiography in consecutive copd patients attending a hospital OP clinic transtricuspid pressure gradient ttpg was calculated ph was defined as ttpg or mmhg patients also underwent spirometry forced expiratory volume in one second fev single breath gas transfer KCO kco and carbon monoxide diffusing capacity of the lung dlco and ABG measurement measurable tr was observed in patients there were no differences between the group in which tr was observed compared to that in which it was absent with regard to age smoking PH nor pulmonary function variables ph was seen in cases with good reproducibility there were statistically significant correlations of ttpg with fev r p kco r p and dlco r p expressed as pred stepwise regression analysis showed that age and kco combined provide a multivariate MM for prediction of ttpg it is concluded the presence and degree of PAH is readily and reliably determined by echocardiography in the majority of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients PAH is common in severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and transtricuspid pressure gradient correlates with spirometry and indices of gas transfer similar to previous invasive studies in view of the adverse effects of pulmonary arterial hypertension on morbiditv and mortality routine echocardiography in patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease may be warranted | MEDAL |
the passive range of motion was measured in the shoulder elbow forearm wrist hip knee and ankle joints in healthy japanese persons ranging from the neonatal to years of age by the method formally decided by the japanese orthopaedic association and the japanese association of rehabilitation medicine in followed by a statistical analysis the joint motions the range of motion value of which being remarkably different by age were found among the movements in ER and horizontal abduction of the shoulder extension abduction adduction external rotation internal rotation of the hip and dorsiflexion of the ankle elbow flexion forearm pronation and supination wrist DF and knee flexion showed little change by age extension external rotation and horizontal abduction of the shoulder DF of the wrist flexion of the hip flexion of the knee and DF and plantar flexion of the ankle gave values exceeding the normal range indicated by the associations the fluctuation in the range of joint motion was especially wide in the infant and the aged person | MEDAL |
stress worsens ABD pain experienced by patients with IBS ibs a chronic disorder of unknown origin with comorbid anxiety previously we have demonstrated Tc hypersensitivity in wistarkyoto rats wkys a highanxiety strain which models ABD pain in ibs in lowanxiety rats we have demonstrated that the CE nucleus of the amygdala cea regulates Tc hypersensitivity and anxiety induced by selective activation of either glucocorticoid receptors gr or MRs mr which is also mediated by the ACTH releasing factor crf type receptor the goal of the present T0 was to test the hypothesis that the cea through gr mr andor crfr regulates Tc hypersensitivity in wkys | MEDAL |
a woman with clinical manifestations of PSS had liver disease with histologic and immunologic features of primary biliary cirrhosis biopsy specimens of SSG showed necrosis and lymphocytic infiltrates in and around ducts similar to those observed in hepatic ducts whereas neither of these tissues exhibited immunoglobulin or complement deposition the ultrastructural and immunohistochemical studies suggest a common cellmediated immunologic mechanism for the two disorders | MEDAL |
epimerization and racemization of carbenicillin ethiazide etoposide and oxazepam acetate were examined kinetically in the presence of human SS Al hsa the concentration of both optical isomers of each drug was determined by stereospecific highperformance liquid chromatography the apparent rate constants of epimerization or racemization and hydrolysis were estimated from the concentrationtime data hsa retarded the racemization of ethiazide and the epimerization of etoposide the binding of the drugs to hsa may inhibit the attack of OH ion andor water molecule and thus retard the epimerization and the racemization hsa accelerated the epimerization of carbenicillin which is charged at the ph studied ionion and iondipole interactions between carbenicillin and hsa activate the carbenicillin molecule favorable for the attack of hydroxy ion andor water molecule the hydrolysis rates of ethiazide carbenicillin and OX acetate were increasewho need more comprehensive examinations than usually performed in an ordinary OP setting they attend for one or more days during office hours spending the night at home or in a hotel investigative procedures are ordered in advance and the patients receive written information about the various tests beforehand of the first patients attended for one day for two days and two for three days the examinations comprised by lumbar myeloradiculography emg eeg CBF ct scan ser somatosensory evoked response baer brainstem AEP evoked response and ver visual evoked response a spinal fluid tap was performed in patients muscle biopsy in five patients and were examined by doppler of the precerebral arteries the fact that the patients attend for one or more days instead of one hour is also of great benefit for teaching and research purposes | MEDAL |
it is shown that the exchange properties of the imino and hydroxyl protons of polyuridilic acid polyru allow use of this compound as a chemicalexchange saturation transfer cest UCA a protonproton sensitivity enhancement factor of over per imino proton allowed the PCD of a few micromolar of CP uridine units kd with a NC in the water signal the enhancement factor would increase further at even lower concentrations opening up the submicromolar range when polyru was complexed to a dendrimer carrying positive charges the stoichiometry was approximately one rna for dendrimers the sensitivity enhancement was reduced but remained C1 imino proton bringing enhanced cest visibility to the dendrimers the net charge of the complex was positive suggesting that the complexed dendrimers would still interact with cell membranes and that the rnadendrimer complex could provide a MM for a gene delivery system with good cest visibility | MEDAL |
RF CA of an AT at and atrial fibrillation af was performed in a patient with a PH of pulmonary vein isolation for PAF the at exhibited a centrifugal DP with the PL la as the earliest activation site the at was not terminated by ablation at the endocardial earliest site but its cycle length was prolonged by ablation at an opposite site within the vein of marshall finally the at was terminated by an SE application at a site mm posteroinferior to the initial earliest activation site we analyzed the local potentials of each energy delivery site in detail | MEDAL |
over mutations in the sod gene that encodes cuzn superoxide dismutase sod cause of FALS albeit without a known gainoffunction mechanism als is also noncellautonomous the interactions between motor neurons and their glial neighbours being implicated in PD the aim here was to investigate the biophysical effects of the exogenous human mutant sodga on rat astrocytes in culture primary cortical astrocyte cultures were treated with recombinant human apo msodga vs wildtype control wtsod and recorded by patchclamp and calcium imaging results showed that exogenous msod as well as wtsod induced a decrease of Rm the effect being persistent up to min only for the mutant form similarly wholecell inward currents in astrocytes were augmented by both wt and msod but the effect was twice larger and only progressed continuously for the latter both forms of sod also induced a rise in intracellular ca activity the effect being dependent on external ca and again only persisted with msod becoming significantly different from wtsod only at longer times min in conclusion this study points to membrane permeability and ca signalling as processes affected by sodga that presents the humoral factor triggering the role of astrocytes in als pathophysiology | MEDAL |
pimozide is a diphenylpiperidine neuroleptic with well characterized cardiovascular SE including qt prolongation so far lifethreatening cardiac arrhythmias in particular torsades de pointes have not been described in patients treated with pimozide the authors describe a patient in whom TP developed T3 the ingestion of mg pimozide as a suicide attempt after intravenous treatment with lidocaine and magnesium the patient recovered CR and the qt interval had normalized days after the intoxication potential mechanisms leading to torsades de pointes in patients treated with pimozide are discussed | MEDAL |
the comparative immunogenicity of the two crossreacting group pneumococcal capsular PSs type a and type b was studied with hyperimmune rb typing antisera and with sera from AD volunteers injected with polyvalent pneumococcal vaccines containing either mug of type a us designation type or mug each of type a and type b us designation type PSs both group PSs were linear copolymers composed of mol each of dgalactose dglucose lrhamnose and dribitol phosphate they differed only in that type a had a rhammopyranosyl dribitol bond and the type b had a rhamnopyranosyl dribitol bond quantitative precipitation and absorption analyses with rabbit hyperimmune antisera induced by simultaneous i.t. with type a and type b organisms revealed extensive crossreactions between the two group PSs there was less although still quite extensive crossreactivity between the two group polysaccharides examined with antisera from rabbits injected with only one of the group pneumococci in a radioimmunoassay using c internally labeled type a or type b polysaccharide antigens there was no difference in the SS antibody level to either type of volunteer injected with polyvalent pneumococcal vaccines containing type a or both type a and type b PSs these studies indicate that the structural similarity of the pneumococcal group PSs confers extensive crossreactivity with hyperimmune typing antisera prepared with whole organisms or T3 injection of purified PSs in adult volunteers with our current polysaccharides it appears that a polyvalent pneumococcal vaccine formulation that contains only type a will serve to induce the maximum amount of SS antibodies to both group organisms | MEDAL |
the purpose of this review is to discuss molecular factors influencing nerve growth to teeth the establishment of a sensory pulpal innervation occurs concurrently with tooth OD epithelialmesenchymal interactions initiate the tooth primordium and NC it into a complex organ the initial events seem to be controlled by the epithelium and subsequently the mesenchyme acquires odontogenic properties as yet no single initiating epithelial or mesenchymal factor has been identified axons reach the jaws before tooth formation and form terminals near odontogenic CS in some species local axons have an initiating CF in odontogenesis but it is not known if this is also the case with mammals in diphyodont mammals the primary dentition is replaced by a permanent dentition which involves a profound remodeling of terminal pulpal axons the molecular signals underlying this remodeling remain unknown due to the senescent deterioration of the dentition the target area of tooth SN shrinks with age and these SN show marked pathologicallike changes nerve growth factor and possibllateral lentiginosis pul is an unusual pigmentary disorder characterized by numerous lentigines grouped within an area of NS the pigmented macules are often in a segmental CSD with a sharp demarcation at the midline we report the first case of ocular involvement in a patient with this diagnosis the patient a yearold peruvian woman had multiple brown macules on the left upper face in primarily a v and v CSD with a sharp demarcation at the midline of the forehead the lesions first appeared near the hairline when she was years of age and then began to extend onto the face she also had a discrete area of brown pigmentation on the left lateral bulbar conjunctiva because the patient had been previously diagnosed by several dermatologists as having either a speckled lentiginous nevus or a nevus of ota we draw attention to the entity pul and the possibility of ocular involvement | MEDAL |
esophageal manometries performed for years to patients with dysphagia and normal upper gastrointestinal endoscopy were analyzed excluding patients with SVR sclerosis and preoperative manometries for gastroesophageal reflux disease esophageal motor disorders are frequent in patients with non obstructive dysphagia esophageal manometry is important to perform in these patients TPS treatment is required in patients with achalasia systemic sclerosis and GE reflux disease should be suspected in patients with esophageal hypomotility | MEDAL |
pulmonary magnetic resonance angiography pmra has been proven to be accurate for the diagnosis of suspected acute or chronic pulmonary embolism pe only limited data exist on the reliability of pmra for the diagnosis of acute and chronic pulmonary artery hypertension pah the aim of this study was to determine the accuracy of pmra in the differentiation between patients suffering from pah of varying etiologies | MEDAL |
we present a numerical parametric T0 of singlecycle EMP generation in a dastsioâmultilayer structure via collinear optical rectification of nm femtosecond laser pulses it is shown that modifications of the thicknesses of the dast and sioâlayers allow tuning of the average frequency of the generated thz pulses in the frequency range from to thz the lasertothz energy conversion efficiency in the proposed structures is compared with that in a bulk dast crystal and a quasiphasematching periodically poled dast crystal and shows significant enhancement | MEDAL |
biosynthesis of the immunoglobulin ig receptor components and their assembly were examined in cell lines representative of early stages in human b lineage OD in prob cells the nascent SL chain proteins form a complex that transiently associates in the endoplasmic reticulum with a spectrum of unidentified proteins and kd and bip a HSP70 member lacking companion HCs the SL chains in prob cells do not associate with either the igalpha or igbeta ST units undergo rapid degradation and fail to reach the prob cell surface in preb cells by contrast a significant portion of the surrogate light chain proteins associate with mu heavy chains igalpha and igbeta to form a SD receptor complex with a relatively long halflife early in this assembly process bipgrp calnexin grp and a protein of approximately kd differentially bind to the nascent mu heavy chains the kd intermediate is gradually replaced by the surrogate light chain protein complex and the igalpha and igbeta chains bind progressively to the mu HCs during the complex and relatively inefficient process of preb receptor assembly the results suggest that in humans heavy chain association is essential for surrogate CS chain survival and transport to the cell surface as an integral receptor component | MEDAL |
to determine whether PC of tissue plasminogen activator antigen von willebrand factor antigen and prostacyclin MSF and plasminogen activator inhibitor activity show circadian variation in men with ischaemic heart disease | MEDAL |
the aim of this T0 was to examine the expression of carcinoembryonic antigenrelated cell adhesion molecule ceacam in PET pets and to correlate it with clinicopathologic parameters sixtynine pets were examined for tumor size CN local peripancreatic invasion and LVI CL node and liver metastasis the mitotic count expressed per highpower fields hpf and mib index were assessed and tumors were classified according to the world health organization classification a tissue microarray was constructed and stained with an extensive panel of endocrine markers and ceacam twentynine PT were from males and from females age range to years mean y tumor size ranged from to cm mean cm patients had MEN syndrome and had von hippellindau disease twenty PT demonstrated local invasion had LVI had lymph node metastasis and had CL metastasis ceacam was positive in cases and negative in cases ninety percent of the ceacamnegative cases had a mib index or whereas of ceacampositive cases had a mib index p of the ceacamnegative pets had a MI count or hpf whereas of the ceacampositive pets had a mitotic count hpf in addition of tumors or cm in diameter were ceacam positive p ceacampositive PT were more frequently insulin negative of cases p and vasoactive intestinal peptidepositive pets were all ceacam immunopositive of cases p benign PT and pets of uncertain malignant behavior were more frequently ceacamnegative and lowgrade malignant cases were ceacam positive of n in a viral cytopathic effect the mutantinfected culture yielded a smaller number of cells with actinrelated long cellular protrusions of cells as compared with wild cpxv of the length of the protrusions was and microm respectively confocal microscopy revealed the formation of C1 globed structures containing both actin and cpxv antigens in the cells INF with quadruple mutants these globed structures were recognized as incomplete protrusions the findings show that the formation of long protrusions in the cells INF with wild type cpxv represents a type of specific viral potency related to the activity of btbkelch genes whose deletion results in cellular insufficiency to form fullfledged protrusions | MEDAL |
tuberculous meningitis tbm causes significant morbidity and mortality the primary objective was to reexamine the concept of tb zone and ischaemic zone in cerebral infarction in patients with tuberculous meningitis the secondary objective was to evaluate CBF infarction vasculitis and vasospasm in tuberculous meningitis infections between and tbm patients were recruited neuroimaging was performed and findings of cerebral infarction vasculitis and vasospasm were recorded infarcts were classified based on arterial supply and hsiehs classification fiftyone tbm patients were recruited of whom patients had cerebral infarction based on hsiehs classification patients had infarcts in both tb zone and ischaemic zones patients had infarcts in ischaemic zone and two patients had infarcts in tb zone in terms of V1 supply almost all patients had infarcts involving perforators and cortical branches patients and patients had infarcts supplied by lateral lenticulostriate and medial lenticulostriate arteries respectively patients had vasculitis vasospasm was present in six patients patients with cerebral infarction also had leptomeningeal enhancement p in summary infarcts involved mainly perforators and cortical branches rather than tb zone versus ischaemic zone | MEDAL |
investigating the mechanisms underlying the genesis and conduction of electrical excitation in the atria at physiological and pathological states is of great importance to provide knowledge concerning the mechanisms of excitation we constructed a biophysical detailed and anatomically accurate computer model of human atria that incorporates both structural and EP heterogeneities the threedimensional geometry was extracted from the visible female dataset the SAN node san and atrium including crista terminalis ct pectinate muscles pm appendages apg and bachmanns bundle bb were segmented in this work fibre orientation in ct pm and bb was set to local longitudinal direction descriptions for all used cell types were based on modifications of the courtemanche et al model of a human atrial cell maximum conductances of ito ikr and ical were modified for pm ct apg and atrioventricular ring to reproduce measured action potentials ap pacemaker activity in the human san was reproduced by removing ik but including if icat and gradients of channel conductances as described in previous studies for heterogeneous rb san anisotropic conduction was computed with a monodomain MM using the finite PE method the transversal to longitudinal ratio of conductivity for pm ct and bb was atrial working myocardium awm was set to be isotropic simulation of atrial EP showed initiation of aps in the san centre the excitation spread afterwards to the periphery near to the region of the ct and preferentially towards the atrioventricular region the excitation extends over the RA atrium along pm both ct and pm G1 the right awm earliest activation of the left atrium was through bb and excitation spread over to the apg the conduction E/A were ms for awm ms for ct ms for pm and ms for bb at a rate of bpm the simulations revealed that bundles form dominant pathways for atrial conduction the preferential conduction towards ct and along pm is comparable with clinical mapping repolarization is more homogeneous than excitation due to the heterogeneous distribution of EP properties and hence the action potential duration | MEDAL |
the natural cytotoxicity receptors nkpncr nkpncr and nkpncr are critical for natural killer nk cell functions their genes are transcribed into several splice SCV whose physiological relevance is not yet fully understood here we report that decidua basalis nk dnk cells of the pregnant uterine mucosa and IP blood nk pnk cells two functionally distinct subsets of the physiological nk cell pool display differential expression of nkpncr and nkpncr SVs the presence of cytokines that are enriched within the decidual microenvironment is sufficient to convert the splice variant profile of pnk cells into one similar to that of dnk cells this switch is associated with decreased cytotoxic function and L1 adaptations to the secretome hallmarks of the decidual phenotype thus nkpncr and nkpncr SVs delineate functionally distinct nk cell subsets to our knowledge this is the first conclusive evidence underlining the physiological importance of ncr SVs | MEDAL |
primary aldosteronism comprises main subtypes unilateral aldosteroneproducing adenoma apa and BAH somatic kcnj mutations are found in apa at a prevalence of around that drive and sustain aldosterone excess somatic apa mutations have been described in other genes cacnad atpa and atpb albeit at a lower frequency our objective was to identify genotypespecific steroid profiles in adrenal venous av and peripheral A-V pv plasma in patients with apas we measured the concentrations of CS in av and pv plasma samples by liquid chromatographytandem mass spectrometry from patients with confirmed unilateral primary aldosteronism av sampling lateralization ratios of steroids normalized either to cortisol or to dheaandrostenedione were also calculated the hybrid steroid oxocortisol exhibited and fold higher concentrations in lateralized av and pv plasma respectively from apa with kcnj mutations compared with all other apa combined together p lateralization ratios for the kcnj group were also generally higher strikingly we demonstrate that a distinct steroid signature can differentiate apa TT in av and pv plasma notably a steroid fingerprint in pv plasma correctly classified of the apa according to genotype prospective studies are necessary to translate these findings into clinical practice and determine if steroid fingerprinting could be of value to select patients with primary aldosteronism who are particularly suitable candidates for adrenal venous sampling because of a high probability of having an apa | MEDAL |
we report an yearold girl with chiari type i malformation and syringomyelia who experienced isolated sleep apnea without other neurologic problems monitoring with oximetry and movement of thoracic and ABD walls indicated mixedtype sleep apnea chiari type i malformation should be differentiated from other disorders causing sleep apnea | MEDAL |
this T0 aimed to apply novel highresolution manometry with eightsector radial pressure resolution dhrm technology to resolve the deglutitive pressure morphology at the esophagogastric junction egj before during and after bolus transit a hybrid hrm assembly including a cmlong dhrm array was used to record egj pressure morphology in normal subjects concurrent videofluoroscopy was used to relate bolus movement to pressure morphology and egj anatomy aided by an endoclip marking the squamocolumnar junction scj the contractile deceleration point cdp marked the time at which luminal clearance slowed to cms and the location cm PT to the elevated scj at which peristalsis terminated the phrenic ampulla spanned from the cdp to the scj the subsequent radial and axial collapse of the ampulla coincided with the reconstitution of the effaced and elongated lower esophageal sphincter les following ampullary emptying the stretched les maximum length cm progressively collapsed to its baseline length of cm p the phrenic ampulla is a transient structure comprised of the stretched effaced and axially displaced les that serves as a yield zone to facilitate bolus transfer to the stomach during ampullary emptying the les circular muscle contracts and longitudinal muscle shortens while that of the adjacent esophagus reelongates the likely les elongation with the formation of the ampulla and shortening to its native length T3 ampullary emptying suggest that reduction in the resting tone of the longitudinal muscle within the les segment is a previously unrecognized component of les relaxation | MEDAL |
zenkers diverticulum zd or pharyngeal pouch is an anatomical defect characterized by herniation of the posterior pharyngeal wall through killians dehiscence and may result in dysphagia and regurgitation multiple therapeutic modalities including surgery rigid and flexible endoscopy have been developed to manage zd although surgical management with open and endoscopically assisted techniques have historically been the mainstay of zd treatment minimally invasive flexible endoscopic techniques carried out under CS are increasingly favored over the last two decades the advent of new accessories and techniques have changed the landscape of endotherapy for zd with the current armamentarium including but not limited to endoscopic stapling co | MEDAL |
the toxicity of the intercalating EDC aminoellipticine ae and isopropyloxazolopyridocarbazole ipropc were studied the inhibitory effect of nontoxic doses of ae which incises dna at apurinic ap sites or ipropc which does not cleave dna at ap CS with nontoxic doses of the alkylating agent dimethylsulphate dms on the growth of escherichia coli CS ab is additive the same result has been observed with an exonuclease iii mutant which has only of the ap endonuclease activity however ae or ipropc display a synergistic toxic effect with a dms concentration which allows of e coli ab survival this synergy is increased for ae in the ap endonuclease mutant when compared to the wildtype CS under MZ conditions ae and ipropc have no synergistic effect on a mutant deficient in the enzymes which generate ap CS therefore ap CS are involved in the synergistic toxicity of dms and the studied intercalating agents however the precise role of the interaction of intercalating agents with ap sites either without cleavage type EDC or with cleavage type EDC in the observed effect remains an open question | MEDAL |
sympathetic neural control of afferent and efferent arterioles of inner cortical juxtamedullary glomeruli has not been established in part because of difficulty accessing these vessels normally located deep below the kidney surface in this study we utilized the rat hydronephrotic kidney model to visualize the renal MC and to quantitate the responses of juxtamedullary arterioles to brief sec renal nerve stimulated rns JM afferent and efferent arterioles constricted in a frequencydependent fashion to rns achieving a maximal constriction of to hz stimulation in these same kidneys outer cortical afferent arterioles also constricted to rns but outer cortical efferent arterioles did not microinjection of norepinephrine ne around single outer cortical efferent arterioles to avoid the constriction of preglomerular vessels constricted the efferent arterioles however the afferent arterioles of the same glomeruli were considerably more responsive to microinjected ne thus the lack of constriction of outer cortical efferent arterioles to rns may relate in part to their low sensitivity to ne the primary neurotransmitter these direct observations indicate that the JM efferent arterioles are responsive to renal nerve stimulation whereas the outer cortical efferent vessels are not these results which should be cautiously extrapolated to normal filtering kidneys indicate that glomerular hemodynamic changes evoked by the sympathetic NS are different for outer cortical and inner cortical glomeruli | MEDAL |
psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory recurrent genetically determined dermatitis that affects the skin and joints many patients affected by this condition seek alternatives and complementary treatment options such as herbal medicines in order to establish the safety of these products trials according to medical standards should be performed to provide the highest SQ of data the aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of an australian series of herbal skincare products dr michaels® soratinex® skincare products for PS for the management of stable chronic PI PS we studied patients females and males with mild to moderate SD chronic plaque psoriasis and they were randomly assigned to either verum or control group exclusion criteria were severe psoriasis arthropathic psoriasis intertriginous psoriasis palmoplantar PS use of any antipsoriatic treaartery mean pressure ± vs ± mmhg p than those without the mean followup period was ± years early newonset arrhythmia was documented in patients of whom had persistent af developed sick sinus syndrome and others were in SR at latest visit there was significant improvement in nyha FC after closure p of the patients with af were in sinus rhythm had PAF and had persistent af pulmonary hypertension persisted in patients transcatheter closure of atrial septal defect in patients above years is beneficial in terms of nyha functional class pulmonary CAP and cardiac rhythm | MEDAL |
prosomes are mrnaassociated rnp particles and cofactors of untranslated ribosome free mrnp having a multicatalytic proteinase mcp proteasome activity the expression of prosomal proteins in fetal OD of the rat liver was investigated by indirect immunofluorescence using a panel of monoclonal antibodies to individual prosomal proteins pmabs in all fetal and adult stages tested strong immunofluorescence IF was observed with the pkspecific pmab exclusively whilst western blot analysis showed CR also with the pk and pk antigens double labeling with the k pmab and an CK antibody showed that the prosome antigen superimposes partially onto this type of intermediate filaments if confirming earlier observations made on cultured cell lines of various types most interestingly the pk antigen was found preferentially in the pericanalicular zone of hepatocytes in the developing liver from day onwards up to the adult state this shows a preferential concentration of prosomes of a specific type including the pk antigen in the morphologically and possibly functionally specialized apical domain of the hepatocyte in a differentiationrelated fashion | MEDAL |
following the discovery of the tetraheme cytochrome c in the strict anaerobic sulfatereducing bacteria postgate jr biochem j xi ishimoto et al bull chem soc japan a variety of ctype cytochromes and others have been reported indicating that the array of heme proteins in these bacteria is complex we are proposing here a tentative classification of sulfate and sulfur reducing bacteria cytochromes c based on number of hemes per monomer heme axial ligation heme spin state and primary structures whole or fragmentary different and cDNA spectroscopic tools have been used to reveal the structural features of the heme sites | MEDAL |
the majority of surgeons use the saphenous vein or internal mammary i.a. as conduits in CABG cabg improved longterm patient survival rates T3 cabg have increased the need for alternative conduits in reoperations for myocardial revascularization in the past years surgeons have begun using the RA gastroepiploic artery gea as an alternative conduit in cabg perioperative nursing care of patients undergoing right gea grafting for myocardial revascularization includes documentation of patient problems and nursing actions taken preoperative patient assessment and teaching intraoperative management of patient positioning temperature and skin integrity and postoperative care to maintain the patients hemodynamic stability and avoid complications | MEDAL |
the aetiological assessment of an infertile couple includes several complementary biological and morphological examinations initial exploration of the female genital tract requires the performance of pelvic ultrasound and hysterosalpingography the value of systematic LS in infertility assessment is still subject to debate the aim of the present review is to evaluate arguments against the systematic use of laparoscopy and to define the place of the other tests as chlamydia trachomatis serology hysterosalpingosonography and mrirm in our opinion laparoscopy is of course indicated in infertility assessments not only when anomalies are revealed by hysterosalpingography but also in the following circumstances past history of infection especially a positive chlamydia antibody blood test andor pelvic surgery a significant risk of adhesions unexplained AA infertility unexplained infertility T3 the age of when choosing between artificial insemination and direct enrolment in an ivf programme and failure of cycles of goodquality intrauterine inseminations with ovarian stimulation and a sufficient number of spermatozoids | MEDAL |
endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreaticography ercp is available in many district general hospitals in the uk most of the published literature on ercp in cases with billroth ii gastrectomy reflects teaching hospital experience the aim of this study was to evaluate this procedure in the district general hospital setting over a year period | MEDAL |
in this T0 an education and a series of group sessions for patients with solventinduced CTE te and their spouses are evaluated thirtyeight patients and family members participated in a day education scheduled with short lectures on the CE of chronic toxic encephalopathy and the prognosis a specialist in occupational medicine a psychologist and a social worker gave the lectures small discussion CG were also arranged of the participants from the educational days te patients and wives attended a week counselling and coping improvement program with separate group sessions once a week for patients and spouses questionnaires were used to assess PS social network mastery and family climate and the participants satisfaction with the education and the group sessions the majority of the participants experienced the day information as useful and relevant the week group sessions were rated as meaningful and the design number duration and frequency of the sessions equally good selfreported PS social network and mastery were measured before the group sessions and and months after breaking up the group sessions in most measurements there were no statistically significant differences between the three points in time however the wives improved more than did the patients but the effect was not lasting the whole followup period considering the patients dependence on their wives it might be most important that the wives experienced some relief from their own PS | MEDAL |
patients with BL personality disorder bpd display severe difficulties in interpersonal relationships and impulse control we explored the possibility that patients with bpd show less trust and more risktaking behavior in experimental games as compared with controls and with depressed patients with other personality disorders in the trust game the participant played the role of an investor who interacted with a trustee via the internet the investor could choose a costly action by giving money units mu to the trustee the trustee then could honor the investors trust by sharing the monetary increase in the risk game the investor could transfer money to a lottery and therefore the payoff depended on luck and not on the decision of another person results revealed that the patients with bpd n transferred a smaller amount of mus across consecutive transactions in the trust game as compared with the controls n and with the depressed patients n in the risk game the performance of the bpd patients was similar to that of the controls and depressed patients trust game performance was predicted by the interpersonal and cognitive sector scores of the zanarini rating scale for borderline personality disorder self reports indicated that the patients with bpd were less optimistic regarding the outcome payoff of the trust game but not of the risk game these results suggest that patients with bpd exhibit less trust during interpersonal interactions which may be related to stressrelated Pa dissociation identity disturbance and problems in interpersonal relationships | MEDAL |
the thalamic projections to somatic sensorymotor ssm cortex and adjacent cortical areas of the virginia opossum were studied using anterograde and VA axoplasmic transport techniques large i.v. of horseradish peroxidase andor tritiated amino acids were made in the parietal SC to identify all of the thalamic nuclei that are interconnected with this C1 cortical area very restricted i.v. were then made in physiologically identified subdivisions of ssm cortex in the remaining posterior portion of PC and in the anteriorly adjacent postorbital cortex the results show that the PC is reciprocally connected with a number of thalamic nuclei different combinations of these thalamic areas project to TPS subregions within the parietal field all parts of the ssm SC which occupies the anterior fourfifths of PC receive input from the ventrobasal complex vb the VL complex vl the central intralaminar nucleus cin the CL nucleus cl and the ventromedial nucleus vm we could detect no segregation of vl and vb inputs in any part of ssm SC projections from all of these thalamic nuclei except vm show at least some degree of topographic organization anteriorposterior strips of ssm SC receive input from clusters of thalamic SN that extend dorsoventrally and rostrocaudally through vb and vl the posterior onefifth of the parietal SC the posterior parietal area receives input from vl the posterior nuclear complex and the lateral complex as well as input from cl cin and vm postorbital SC receives input mainly from intralaminar midline and medial thalamic nuclei we conclude that the projection field of vb in the parietal cortex coincides precisely with the first somatic sensory area si as defined by single unit studies pubols et al the vb projection field also delineates the area of the first motor mi representation thus there is no separation of si and mi SC in the opossum the posterior parietal area lies outside of ssm cortex and has thalamic connections similar to the posterior parts of PC in other mammals | MEDAL |
the flanking region of the mouse nras gene was investigated to determine the elements governing transcriptional activity of the gene the promoter did not contain typical tata or ccaat boxes and according to primer extension and rnase protection analyses transcription started at several sites these assays also confirmed the short nucleotide distance interposed between the nras transcription unit and the previously described UP unr gene chromatin studies performed by digestion of nuclei with dnase i revealed the presence of four hypersensitive sites a b c and d deletion mutagenesis of the flanking region revealed sequences responsible for both promotion and inhibition of transcription these sequences resided within bp upstream of the transcription initiation site hypersensitive site b colocalized with the bp segment with promoter activity the negative regulatory element at position colocalized with hypersensitive site a was active on the nras promoter in stable as well as transient assays and downregulated the rat herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase promoter footprint analysis and in vivo transfectioncompetition experiments indicated that a transacting factor is responsible for the negative effect on transcription the interaction between the cisacting negative regulatory PE and the promoter region may play a role in the tissue and developmentalstagespecific patterns of expression of the nras gene | MEDAL |
micronuclei induced by aneugens are larger than those induced by clastogens in both in vitro and in vivo MN mn assays p dysfunction increases the formation of C1 micronuclei following treatment with aneugens this T0 sought to identify the mechanisms responsible for this treatment with colcemid both a MI inhibitor and an aneugen induced mn containing two or more chromosomes more frequently in nh cells in which p function is compromised than in tk cells in which p is PET this indicates that p dysfunction enhances aneugeninduced chromosome loss or perturbs apoptosis resulting in the formation of large mn to examine the former hypothesis the incidence of chromosome malsegregation in colcemidtreated tk and nh cells was compared using the cytokinesisblock mn CA the incidence of chromosome nondisjunction was higher in nh cells than in tk cells whereas the incidence of mn containing two or more chromosomes was similar between the two cell lines to address the involvement of apoptosis in Tc progression examination of chromosome distribution revealed that more MNC nh than tk cells were tetraploid T3 prolonged MI inhibition which indicated that the more number of nh cells may have bypassed the spindle assembly checkpoint via mitotic slippage and progression into the next interphase cells that underwent mitotic slippage were likely to contain lagging chromosomes formed via chromosome malsegregation resulting in mn separated from the main nucleus the number of tk cells containing large mn following colcemid treatment was increased by treatment with a caspase inhibitor in a dosedependent manner indicating that tk cells with mn normally undergo apoptosis in conclusion these findings indicate that mitotic slippage and perturbed apoptosis contribute to the induction of large mn in pcompromised cells following treatment with colcemid | MEDAL |
remarkably the central auditory system can modify the strength of its soundevoked neural response based on prior acoustic experiences a phenomenon referred to as CE gain gain changes are well documented following traumatic noise exposure but much less is known about CE gain dynamics following PE to lowlevel noise a common acoustic experience in many urban and work environments we recently reported that the neural SO of the cochlea is reduced while gain was enhanced in the inferior colliculus ic following a week SE to db noise to determine if similar effects were present at even lower intensities we exposed rats to a db noise expecting to see little to no NC in the cochlea or ic the exposure had little effect on DP otoacoustic emissions and did not cause any hair cell loss however the amplitude of the cap which reflects the neural SO of cochlea was depressed by surprisingly neural responses from the ic were enhanced up to mainly at frequencies within the noise SE band oneweek postexposure cap amplitudes returned to normal at frequencies within or above the exposure band whereas responses evoked by frequencies below the exposure band were enhanced by more than in contrast ic responses below the SE frequency were depressed whereas responses within the exposure frequency band were enhanced thus the CE auditory system dynamically up and downregulates its gain to maintain suprathreshold neural responses within a narrow homeostatic range a function that likely contributes to the prevention of sounds from being perceived as muffled or too loud | MEDAL |
frequencydifference fd electrical impedance tomography eit using a weighted Vc difference has recently been proposed for imaging haemorrhagic stroke ABD bleeding and tumors although its feasibility was demonstrated through 2DE numerical simulations and phantom experiments we should validate the method in threedimensional imaging objects at the same time we need to investigate its robustness against geometrical modeling errors in boundary shapes and electrode positions we performed a validation study of the weighted fd method through threedimensional numerical simulations and phantom experiments adopting hemispherical models and phantoms whose admittivity distributions change with frequency we investigated the performance of the method to detect an anomaly we found that the simple fd method fails to detect the anomaly whereas reconstructed images using the weighted fd method clearly visualize the anomaly the weighted fd method is robust against modeling errors of boundaryshape deformations and displaced electrode positions we also found that the method is capable of detecting an anomaly surrounded by a shellshaped obstacle simulating the skull we propose the weighted fd method for future studies of animal and human experiments | MEDAL |
in contrast to the typical course of CLL lymphoma and despite an indolent lymphomalike presentation the clinical outcome of mantle FCCL mcl is dismal with a median survival time of years and virtually no LTS most patients are diagnosed with advanced stage iiiiv disease although clinical studies did not prove a clear superiority of anthracyclincontaining combinations chop cyclophosphamide doxorubicin vincristine prednisonelike regimens represent the standard therapeutic RPA in mcl recent randomized studies have shown a benefit of a combined immunochemotherapy strategy chemotherapy plus rituximab increasing the CR and overall response rates whereas further followup is pending for evaluation of the progressionfree and overall survival in patients younger than years a doseintensive consolidation comprising highdose RCT and subsequent autologous stem cell transplantation after a choplike induction results in an improved progressionfree survival however despite the benefits of this multimodal approach most patients relapse even T3 HDT the only curative RPA is allo-SCT which may be adapted to the elderly mcl patient cohort by modified dosereduced conditioning regimens prospective randomized trials remain critical to further improve the clinical course of mcl with the addition of newer treatment modalities such as radioactively labeled antibodies and targeted therapies eg flavopiridol and ps | MEDAL |
there is no question that most interstitial lung diseases result in structural alteration of the small airways as well as the alveoli these structural changes of the airways produce airflow CA that depending on their extent and severity are reflected in a variety of tests of pulmonary function however in most situations obstructive lung disease rarely dominates the clinical picture airflow limitation may be the predominant defect in patients with wegeners granulomatosis lymphangioleiomyomatosis and chronic eosinophilic pneumonia concomitant risk AF such as cigarette smoking or dust inhalation may contribute to AO sporadic cases of interstitial lung disease progressing to overt airflow obstruction have been reported the clinical significance of airway narrowing in interstitial lung disease is a maldistribution of ventilation that causes CA on gas exchange thereby increasing the work of PLB and possibly the sensation of dyspnea | MEDAL |
carbon monoxide co poisoning is common in the united states accounting for approximately deaths annually few publications have described the mortality rate of copoisoned patients who survive to reach a hospital and die despite maximal medical care further while risk factors for cognitive sequelae in survivors of co poisoning have become clearer recently factors associated with death are less well defined this T0 was conducted to determine the shortterm mortality risk for patients treated with hyperbaric oxygen for co poisoning and determine whether any factors related to the poisoning episode are predictive of mortality | MEDAL |
the left internal mammary artery to the LADA is recognized as the gold standard for revascularization several studies have shown the benefits of the left IM artery however a substantial portion of patients undergoing PD bypass grafting does not receive this conduit we sought to identify reasons for nonusage of the left internal mammary artery to the LADA while evaluating short and mediumterm outcomes | MEDAL |
feed samples from iowa suspected of causing vomiting and enlarged vulva as well as mortalities of swine were examined for toxigenic fungi and mycotoxins fusarium moniliforme sheldon and f moniliforme sheldon var subglutinans wollenew reink accounted for and respectively of the total count of x propagules filamentous fungi per gram of swine feed but representatives of various penicillium spp and aspergillus spp were also found eight isolates of f moniliforme var subglutinans from the feed produced micrograms of moniliformin per g on cracked corn at degrees c for six weeks zearalenone was ND in these corn fermentations eight isolates of f moniliforme from the feed did not produce detectable amounts of either zearalenone or monoliformin on cracked corn MON was not detected in the feed samples | MEDAL |
in this third and last part of our review of cutaneous vascular proliferations we include malignant V1 neoplasms and a group of heterogeneous cutaneous neoplasms characterized by a significant V1 component we also review some disorders that in our opinion have been erroneously considered as vascular neoplasms we review the epidemiologic histogenetic clinical and histopathologic aspects of kaposis sarcoma in its four distinctive SCV classic africanendemic immunosuppressive drugassociated and aidsassociated kaposis sarcoma there is still controversy about whether kaposis sarcoma represents a reactive vascular proliferation or a true neoplastic proliferation in any event most authors believe that kaposis sarcoma does not produce M1 but rather develops in multifocal fashion however kaposis sarcoma may cause death especially in IS patients epithelioid hemangioendothelioma dabskas RT and retiform hemangioendothelioma are examples of lowgrade AS in contrast cutaneous angiosarcomas including the clinical variants of angiosarcoma of face and scalp in elderly patients AS associated with LE and radiationinduced AS are highly aggressive neoplasms with poor prognosis and most patients die within a short period after presentation a group of benign and relatively frequent cutaneous neoplasms including multinucleate cell angiohistiocytoma angiofibroma angioleiomyoma angiolipoma cutaneous angiolipoleiomyoma and cutaneous angiomyxoma are here covered because of their significant vascular component finally we review briefly a series of cutaneous disorders that have been erroneously considered as V1 neoplasms kimuras disease is an inflammatory reactive condition of unknown origin benign angioendotheliomatosis is a reactive intravascular proliferation of EC cells that occurs in the skin as a response to a variety of stimuli malignant angioendotheliomatosis is an intravascular lymphoma and acral pseudolymphomatous angiokeratoma of children apache is better interpreted as a pseudolymphoma | MEDAL |
verticillium dahliae is a destructive soilborne fungal pathogen that causes vascular wilt disease in many economically important crops worldwide a PAO pao gene was identified and cloned by screening suppression subtractive hybridisation and cdna libraries of cotton genotypes tolerant to verticillium wilt and was induced early and strongly by inoculation with v dahliae and application of plant hormone recombinant cotton polyamine oxidase ghpao was found to catalyse the conversion of Sp spm to SD spd in vitro constitutive expression of ghpao in arabidopsis thaliana produced improved resistance to v dahliae and maintained putrescine spd and spm at high C2 hydrogen peroxide h o salicylic acid and camalexin a phytoalexin C2 were distinctly increased in ghpaooverexpressing arabidopsis plants during v dahliae infection when compared with wildtype plants and spm and camalexin efficiently inhibited growth of v dahliae in vitro Sp promoted the accumulation of camalexin by inducing the expression of mitogenactivated protein kinases and cytochrome p proteins in arabidopsis and cotton plants the three polyamines all showed higher accumulation in tolerant cotton cultivars than in susceptible cotton cultivars after inoculation with v dahliae ghpao silencing in cotton significantly reduced the spd level and increased the spm level leading to enhanced susceptibility to infection by v dahliae and the levels of h o and camalexin were distinctly lower in ghpaosilenced cotton plants T3 v dahliae infection together these results suggest that ghpao contributes to resistance of the plant against v dahliae through the mediation of spm and camalexin signalling | MEDAL |
although the ECA is known to contribute to the CBF blood flow in anesthetized dogs quantitative information on the anastomoses and their role in conscious dogs is lacking this study was carried out to determine blood flows in these anastomoses and the IC and also to examine the PET significance of the anastomoses in conscious dogs fifteenmicron radioactive microspheres were injected into common and external carotid arteries of four conscious dogs through chronically implanted catheters RBF were determined by the reference sample method and by comparing microsphere distributions in the BB and the MM blood flows were estimated to be and mlminute mean sd in the common i.c. IC and anastomoses on each side respectively additional evidence indicated that the anastomotic flow so determined was primarily the flow in the anastomotic i.a. humoral responses to angiotensin ii infusions were also studied in conscious dogs external carotid angiotensin increased plasma hydroxycorticosteroid concentration used as an index of acth secretion but did not increase plasma vasopressin concentration to the same extent as common carotid infusion therefore the ECA artery is functionally important in perfusing the BB in conscious dogs | MEDAL |
this chapter provides information for the in vivo use of peripheral quantitative computed tomography in rats and mice to determine BD and cortical geometric data including suggestions for study design instrument setting and data interpretation this update also provides guidance for the use of pqct to extract muscle and fat crosssectional area information from the bone scans | MEDAL |
cartilaginous fish are the evolutionarily oldest group of animals which possess antibodies t cell receptors and H-2 complex mhc the immunoglobulin novel antigen receptor ignar found in cartilaginous fish is a heavy chain homodimer which lacks CS chain the presence of noncanonical cysteine molecules and lack of cdr region make it more significant to synthesize active binding domains based on variable region of ignar vnar knowledge on the Fc dynamics play a significant role the ignar exhibit species variations in its primary CS features hence this study was conducted to determine the ignar CH domain of the brownbanded bamboo shark chiloscyllium punctatum peripheral blood WBCs pbl isolated from AD bamboo sharks were used to synthesize a cdna library a total of four billion residues of two million sequences average length bp were obtained assembled sequences were aligned with published cartilaginous fish ignar constant region sequences transcriptome analysis revealed two distinct types of ignar in the brownbanded bamboo shark also constant domain sequences displayed unique sequences which may reflect the least number of ignar gene clusters the phylogenetic analysis revealed the closest relationship with the nurse shark ginglymostoma cirratum followed by the wobbegong shark orectolobus maculatus which belong to the same order orectolobiformes analysis of the constant domains of the brownbanded bamboo shark ignar revealed an evolutionarily conserved nature and this knowledge can be used to design primers for vnar cloning furthermore knowledge on the structural features in ignar constant domains that increase the stability could be useful in the process of stabilizing human immunoglobulins | MEDAL |
in the spinal cord of the anesthetized cat spontaneous cord dorsum potentials cdps appear synchronously along the lumbosacral segments these cdps have different shapes and magnitudes previous work has indicated that some cdps appear to be specially associated with the activation of spinal pathways that lead to primary afferent depolarization and presynaptic inhibition visual PCD and classification of these cdps provides relevant information on the PET organization of the neural networks involved in the control of sensory information and allows the characterization of the changes produced by acute nerve and spinal lesions we now present a novel feature SE approach for signal classification applied to cdp PCD the method is based on an intuitive procedure we first remove by convolution the noise from the cdps recorded in each given spinal segment then we assign a coefficient for each main local maximum of the signal using its amplitude and distance to the most important maximum of the signal these coefficients will be the input for the subsequent classification algorithm in particular we employ gradient boosting classification trees this combination of approaches allows a faster and more accurate discrimination of cdps than is obtained by other methods | MEDAL |
alltrans retinoic acid atra significantly improves the survival of patients with acute PML apl by inducing granulocytic differentiation of leukemia cells since an activation of the transcription factor nfkappab occurs during atrainduced maturation of apl cells a mechanistic link between these two processes was investigated using an in vitro model for apl we report that ectopic overexpression of a repressor of nfkappab activation did not affect granulocytic differentiation importantly nfkappab inhibition markedly resulted in a decreased viability of the differentiated cells which correlated with increased apoptosis apoptosis was accompanied by a sustained activation of the cjun nterminal kinase jnk inhibition of jnk by the TPS inhibitor sp or by transfection of a dominantnegative mutant of jnk reduced the percentage of AI cells thus showing that jnk activation constitutes a death signal furthermore impairment of nfkappab activation resulted in increased levels of reactive oxygen species ros upon atra treatment ros accumulation was suppressed by the antioxidant butylated hydroxyanisol which also abolished atrainduced jnk activation and apoptosis altogether our results demonstrate an antiapoptotic effect of nfkappab activation during atrainduced differentiation of nb cells and identify repression of rosmediated jnk activation as a mechanism for this effect our observations also suggest that nfkappab signalling may contribute to an accumulation of mature apl cells and participate in the OD of atra syndrome | MEDAL |
female rat peritoneal mast cells were found more numerous and of more reduced sizes in metestrus and diestrus than in proestrus and especially estrus where a partial degranulation took place ovariectomy caused an important decrease in the number and size of mast cells a regular treatment of spayed animals by beta estradiol partly inhibited these effects | MEDAL |
authors describe clinical and anatomopathological features of a case of oleoma of the left knee repaired with success through the rotation of a muscular flap of lateral gastrocnemius and application of dermoepidermal VG postoperative followup was regular prompt healing and morphofunctional restoration of involved structures was CR | MEDAL |
the incorporation of subjective elements provided by the patient to medical practice constitutes a new bridge between two historical movements of human culture naturalism and rationalism in recent years medical sciences have identified these movements as patientcentered medicine and evidencebased medicine by revisiting the paradigms of medicine theories of causality doctorpatient relationship models bioethical principles and examples of clinical studies their role and meaning has been revised the applicability for neuroendocrinology has been demonstrated by validating therapeutic results with measurement of healthrelated quality of life the need to incorporate the patients subjective perception poses a challenge that when accepted can advance the understanding and care of human beingsultimately rational thinking subjects and therefore subjectiveas our species has been defined | MEDAL |
a behavioral syndrome is a suite of correlated behaviors expressed either within a given behavioral context eg correlations between foraging behaviors in different habitats or across different contexts eg correlations among FF antipredator mating aggressive and dispersal behaviors for example some individuals and genotypes might be generally more aggressive more AS or bold while others are generally less aggressive active or bold this phenomenon has been studied in detail in humans some primates laboratory rodents and some domesticated animals but has rarely been studied in other organisms and rarely examined from an evolutionary or ecological perspective here we present an integrative overview on the potential importance of behavioral syndromes in evolution and ecology a central idea is that behavioral correlations generate tradeoffs for example an aggressive genotype might do well in situations where high aggression is favored but might be inappropriately aggressive in situations where low aggression is favored and vice versa for a low aggression TT behavioral syndromes can thereby result in maladaptive SMB in some contexts and potentially maintain individual R2 in SMB in a variable environment we suggest terminology and methods for studying behavioral syndromes review examples discuss evolutionary and proximate approaches for understanding behavioral syndromes note insights from human personality research and outline some potentially important ecological implications overall we suggest that behavioral syndromes could play a useful role as an integrative bridge between genetics experience NE mechanisms evolution and ecology | MEDAL |
introduction results from previous studies on AP for labour pain are contradictory and lack important information on methodology however studies indicate that AP has a positive effect on womens experiences of labour pain the aim of the present study was to evaluate the tau of two different acupuncture stimulations manual or electrical stimulation compared with standard care in the relief of labour pain as the primary outcome this paper will present indepth information on the design of the T0 following the consort and stricta recommendations methods the study was designed as a randomized controlled trial based on western medical theories nulliparous women with normal pregnancies admitted to the delivery ward after a spontaneous onset of labour were randomly allocated into one of three CG manual acupuncture EAP or SC sample size calculation gave women in each group including a total of women a visual analogue scale was used for assessing pain every T2 for five hours and thereafter every hour until birth questionnaires were distributed before treatment directly after the birth and at one day and two months posurement of the tds intensity in the tem is a promising means for nanoscale temperature measurement our measurements to date have demonstrated that temperature changes as small as k are detectable | MEDAL |
highthroughput generation of antibodies for proteome research has become feasible by using antibody gene libraries and in SELEX methods like phage display typically monovalent antibody fragments like scfv fab or scfab are obtained by this technology to mimic the igg molecule and gain avidity resulting in stronger binding multimerization domains can be fused to antibody fragments here we systematically analyzed different multimerization domains in respect to three key parameters crucial for the highthroughput generation of binders i the compatibility to be displayed on phage assessed for at least three different antibody formats scfv fab and scfab in combination with five different multimerization domains ii production yields and iii oligomerization properties were analyzed for three different scfv fragments we found that the use of a biotin acceptor domain in combination with an in vivo biotinylation system performed best concerning the key parameters and thus would be a useful tool to generate multimeric antibody complexes on demand from phage display selected antibody fragments with the least effort | MEDAL |
travelers diarrhea affecting millions of travelers every year globally continues to be a leading cause of morbidity despite advances in vaccination prevention and treatment complications of travelers diarrhea often present to gastroenterologists and some patients followed by gastroenterologists are at higher risk of developing travelers diarrhea this review will provide an update on recent progress made in the epidemiology pathogenesis diagnosis prevention and treatment of travelers diarrhea | MEDAL |
the present study was undertaken to investigate the involvement of dopaminergic da neurones afferent to the prefrontal cortex in stressrelated behaviours induced by controllable vs uncontrollable negative events rats were either shamoperated or given a BL infusion of hydroxydopamine micrograms in microliter into the prefrontal SC which resulted in a specific and almost CR reduction of local da three weeks T3 surgery sham and lesioned rats were subjected to one of the following experimental procedures involving controllable or uncontrollable events the punished drinking test and a frfr schedule of foodshock presentation the FST and the LH paradigm da SD in the prefrontal cortex resulted in an increase in punished responding in the drinking test and under the fr schedule the antipunishment effects of diazepam mgkg were not modified lesions also induced a reduction in immobility duration in the forced swimming test but failed to affect the induction of escape deficits in rats TR for LH in the latter two models da SD in the prefrontal cortex did not modify the antidepressant effects of desipramine mgkg and mgkgday respectively these results suggest that controllable and acute aversive situations may be modulated by da neurones in the prefrontal SC da neurones however may not be crucial in the modulation of delayed and uncontrollable stressrelated behaviours taken together the present findings suggest that an increased tendency to perseverate could be the main behavioural feature associated with da lesion in the prefrontal SC acute vs delayed consequences of negative events could be an additional relevant factor for the involvement of da neurons in stressrelated behaviours | MEDAL |
the eosinophiliamyalgia syndrome ems is a recently described clinical entity consisting of severe myalgia and eosinophilia that has ascribed to the ingestion of the amino acid ltryptophan over cases of ems have been reported to the centers for disease control of united states as of june we report a case of ems associated with the ingestion of ltryptophan a yearold woman was admitted to our hospital due to severe myalgia she had swelling on extremities and eosinophilia mm full thickness biopsy of affected portion showed inflammation of fascia with eosinophils and histiocytes which were compatible with eosinophilic fasciitis she had a history of ingestion of fitness protein tablets bought at hawaii for months from sep to dec which contained the CAA ltryptophan on the basis of these findings we diagnosed her as ems it is suggested that this case is rare and important in japan | MEDAL |
a yearold korean man developed hemorrhagic fever in xian which is one of the main endemic areas for this illness in china according to the local epidemiological situation his condition could have been due to hantavirus infection but this was not confirmed he presented with the typical symptoms of hemorrhagic fever and rapidly progressed to a severe multisystem illness the clinical situation deteriorated rapidly T3 admission and he became coinfected with methicillinresistant staphylococcus aureus acinetobacter baumannii aspergillus and mucor the patient was successfully treated with appropriate fluid infusion hemodynamic support continuous RRT liver protectants and antibacterials this case indicates that the choice of antimicrobials and the required dose are crucial issues and that the vaccination campaign for hemorrhagic fever in xian needs greater attention | MEDAL |
atherosclerosis rather than microcirculatory impairment caused by endothelial cell dysfunction is the main driver of circulatory compromise in patients with diabetic limbs the presence of atherosclerotic PI at the trifurcation is a significant contributor to amputation of diabetic legs the presence of bacteria and other microorganisms in AS plaque has long been known however the cause of chronic inflammation and the role of bacteriaviruses in atherosclerosis have not been studied in detail the objective of this study was to clarify the cause of the chronic inflammation within AS plaques and determine if any bacteria andor viruses are involved in the inflammatory pathway | MEDAL |
patients with multiple sclerosis ms experience varying rates of BB volume bv loss ranging from to per year in addition of patients with ms experience cognitive impairment resulting in impact on ADL a systematic literature review was conducted to identify all studies reporting a relationship between whole bv measures and selected patient outcomes measuring cognition including the symbol digit modalities test sdmt paced auditory serial addition test pasat and MSFC msfc scores we identified studies reporting associations between whole bv and cognitive outcomes six studies examined the association between bv and sdmt all six studies reported that bv loss bvl was significantly associated with a decline in sdmt scores all p among studies that examined the association between bv and pasat scores found a significant relationship between bvl and lower pasat scores all p of the seven studies that looked at bv and msfc six studies found bvl significantly associated with lower msfc scores all p our study demonstrated that bvl is associated with declines in cognition in ms patients across several cognition measures the results of this study suggest that bv is a critical component of SLEDAI and progression in ms and has implications for treatment decisions to minimize bvl and preserve cognitive SF-36 | MEDAL |
the lyophilized formulation of the human rotavirus vaccine rix rotarixtm is recommended to be stored at °c°c for optimal immunogenicity in some settings with inadequate infrastructure for vaccine storage unforeseen circumstances may cause cold chain breakage resulting in the vaccine to be left at ambient temperatures this study evaluated the heat stability of lyophilized rix vaccine in terms of immunogenicity when stored at tropical RT °c for days before reconstitution | MEDAL |
although surgical treatment of BP birth palsy has yielded encouraging results persistent inability to abduct and elevate the shoulder is common even in children with excellent return of arm and hand function the reason for deltoid weakness in the afflicted children is not completely understood and may be multifactorial clinical observations including a pattern of positiondependent weakness suggest that primary nerve damage may not be the sole cause the authors performed a retrospective chart study to investigate the outcome of surgical treatment to augment shoulder function in a series of children ages months to years with inadequate ER of the shoulder and inability to actively raise the arm beyond degrees from a birth brachial plexus injury at followup months after surgery increased shoulder range of motion was noticed in all with significantly increased abductionelevation in of the childree a direct influence on gene transcription in the presence of thyroid hormones herein we report a high throughput screen for small molecules capable of inhibiting tr coactivator interactions one class of inhibitors identified in this screen was aromatic betaaminoketones which exhibited ic values of approximately microm these EDC can undergo a deamination generating unsaturated ketones capable of reacting with nucleophilic amino acids several experiments confirm the hypothesis that these inhibitors are covalently bound to tr optimization of these compounds produced leads that inhibited the trcor interaction in vitro with potency of approximately microm and thyroid signaling in cellular systems these are the first small molecules irreversibly inhibiting the coactivator binding of a nuclear receptor and suppressing its transcriptional activity | MEDAL |
chronic pain is the most serious longterm complication T3 groin hernia repair the aim of this preliminary research was to assess the SQ of life before and after standard tensionfree mesh repair and new method of tensionfree inguinal hernia repair using anterior rectus sheath total of patients were evaluated anterior rectus sheath method was performed in patients and in patients standard mesh repair was used lichtenstein repair quality of life was assessed before and after the surgery using shortform sf questionnaire qualitymetric inc adjusted for croatian language there were statistically significant improvements in bodily pain and general health scores in both CG patients operated using mesh technique also demonstrated statistically significant improvements in social functioning and emotional role similarly patients in whom IH was repaired using anterior rectus sheath had significantly better postoperative scores for PCS functioning and role PCS scores SQ of life assessment demonstrated good ability to differentiate between several independent aspects of SQ of life anterior rectus sheath repair significantly improved SQ of life and was shown to be similar to mesh repair in the aspect of PCS SF-36 | MEDAL |
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