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we report a case of a patient with SH b virus hbvrelated membranous glomerulonephritis mgn who showed improvement T3 interferonalpha ifnalpha therapy a yearold man with nephrotic syndrome and hbv antigens received a week course of ifnalpha at the end of therapy there was an elevation in the level of plasma aminotransferase and an increase in proteinuria which were followed by antigenantibody SC this flareup before SC suggests an increase in disease activity in the liver and kidney demonstrating in vivo hbv involvement in mgn | MEDAL |
chemical modification and photodynamic treatment of the colicin e channelforming domain p in vesicular and planar bilayer lipid CM blms was used to elucidate the role of tryptophan residues in colicin e channel activity modification of colicin tryptophan residues by nbromosuccinimidearacteristic structure which appears in thin film range the PI of this feature decreases gradually as the thickness of the substrate ice increases in addition we have detected a feature at cm which appears after annealing the ammoniaice film the feature corresponds to the ammonia molecules which reach the icept interface through the ice film intriguingly the intensity of this feature decreases with the ice thickness and there is a linear relation of the peak intensity of the features at and cm we propose a model in which the solubility of the ammonia molecules is much higher for the thin ice film than that for the ideal ice | MEDAL |
the TSH receptor tshr is the L1 autoantigen of human GD in order to define the antigenicity of the tshr in a defined MM we examined the immune response of balbc mice to immunization with a new bioactive recombinant preparation of the ectodomain of the mu tshr mtshrecd mice n were immunized with microg of insect cell expressed purified and refolded mtshrecd in alum adjuvant containing pertussis toxin on days and control mice received wildtype baculovirusinfected insect cell protein lysate in a similar way T3 days murine serum contained high titres of antibodies TPS to mtshecd and their titres continued to increase over days antibody epitope mapping using MMP spanning the human tshrecd showed that a variety of regions of the ectodomain were antigenic the earliest epitope included aa but later two regions of CR were noted clustered towards the mid portion and CT of the ectodomain the murine tshr autoantibodies tshrabs inhibited up to of the IB of labelled tsh to native tshr demonstrating the presence of antibodies capable of blocking the native tshr we showed that these tshr antibodies acted in vitro as tsh blocking antibodies inhibiting tshinduced generation of cAMP in chinese hamster ovary cho cells transfected with the htshr hence the antibody response to mtshrecd was potentially antagonistic in its influence on the tshr assessment of thyroid CF in the immunized mice showed a fall in SS total t by days and markedly elevated mu tsh C2 from to ngml confirming the ON of thyroid failure however thyroid histology remained grossly normal these data demonstrate that mtshrecd is a potent antigen with three major immunogenic regions the induced mtshrabs blocked tsh action in vivo and reduced murine thyroid function | MEDAL |
biliary tract complications were analysed after orthotopic CL transplantations performed in patients over a year period reconstruction of the bile duct consisted of EE choledochocholedochostomy over a t tube in cases and rouxeny choledochojejunostomy in seven two for sclerosing cholangitis one for AA biliary cirrhosis four retransplants the t tube was withdrawn weeks after operation in all but two patients weeks there was no intraoperative mortality eight patients per cent died during the first month and the year actuarial survival rate was per cent early BC up to months T3 T0 consisted of five bilomas for which ultrasonographically guided drainage was ERP in three and surgical drainage necessary in two late biliary complications months onwards consisted of biliary peritonitis following t tube removal four patients reoperation was required in all four and necrosis of the bile duct secondary to a late arterial thrombosis one the incidence of reoperation as a result of early biliary complications was low two patients but higher for biliary peritonitis following t tube removal | MEDAL |
the chemoattactant mediated cgmp response of dictyostelium cells was discovered about twentyfive years ago shortly thereafter guanylyl cyclases cgmpphosphodiesterases and cgmpbinding proteins were detected already in lysates but the encoding genes were discovered only very recently the deduced proteins appear to be very different from proteins with the same function in metazoa in this review we discuss these new findings in perspective of the previously obtained PSA and functional data on cgmp in dictyostelium | MEDAL |
dna repair is vital to maintaining genome integrity but thwarts the effects of cytotoxic agents that target nucleic acids consequently repair enzymes are potential targets for molecules that modulate cell CF and anticancer therapeutics dna polymerase β pol β is an attractive target because it plays a key role in base excision repair ber a primary pathway that repairs the effects of many dna damaging agents we previously identified an irreversible inhibitor of pol β whose design was based upon a dna lesion that inactivates pol β and its back up ber enzyme dna polymerase λ pol λ using this molecule as a starting point we characterized an irreversible inhibitor of pol β ic | MEDAL |
in the extracellular space of the tissue of the sponge geodia cydonium circular proteid particles are found which carry as subunits the aggregation factor and a series of glycosyltransferases using the technique of velocity sucrose gradient centrifugation the sedimentation coefficient sw of the particlemonosomes was determined to be by means of the svedberg equation a molecular weight of daltons could be estimated the monosomes aggregate in the presence of ca to higher complexes via disomes trisomes and pentasomes the complexes can be redissociated by dodecyl sulfate but not by edta during the camediated selfaggregation the particles lose their biological activity with respect to their aggregation promoting CF | MEDAL |
hypertensive disorders of pregnancy remain among the leading causes of maternal morbidity and mortality the ON of headaches in patients with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy has been considered as a premonitory symptom for eclampsia and other adverse maternal outcomes headaches are very common symptoms during pregnancy and the PP period with a reported incidence of however HA is absent in of women before the ON of eclampsia and is a poor predictor of eclampsia and adverse maternal outcomes if included in the definition of cerebral or visual disturbances HA may be considered a symptom of preeclampsia a diagnostic feature of preeclampsia with severe features a premonitory symptom of eclampsia and an indication for delivery inclusion of this nonspecific symptom in the diagnosis and management of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in the absence of an evidence basis may lead to unintended consequences including excessive testing visits to outpatient offices or EDs additional hospitalization and iatrogenic PT delivery without proven benefit if a cerebral disturbance such as severe or persistent headache presents for the first time during pregnancy or postpartum an DUE should be performed that considers a broad differential diagnosis including but not limited to HDP and the diagnostic DUE is similar to that in nonpregnant adults this commentary draws attention to the implications of considering the CBF disturbance of headache as a symptom that portends adverse pregnancy outcome in the current recommendations for diagnosing and managing HDP | MEDAL |
the purpose of the present study was to determine the association between smoking and body weight in a cohort of young us air force recruits mean age years enrolled in BMT n twentytwo percent of recruits smoked daily prior to BMT n and were compared to never smokers former smokers and exp or nondaily smokers a threeway interaction among smoking status gender and ethnicity suggested a small effect for daily smoking among WG male recruits only and no significant differences for female recruits or members of any other ethnic group although there was a statistically significant relationship between smoking and body weight in WG males the effect size was approximately kg these results suggest that the energy balance differences in body weight between young smokers and nonsmokers are minimal and that it would take decades to accrue the differences typically seen in adult smokers | MEDAL |
invasive pulmonary aspergillosis ipa is an infectious complication appearing mainly in IS patients whose diagnosis is often difficult and lately made and that usually bears a dismal prognosis patients diagnosed as having ipa from to were retrospectively analyzed probable ipa was diagnosed on the basis of a positive SC for aspergillus together with a consistent radiological image confirmed ipa was diagnosed if there was in addition to the former a pathological examination showing aspergillus hifae invading pulmonary parenchyma andor pulmonary vessels there were men and women with a mean age of years range years ipa was confirmed in cases and probable in sixty three percent of the patients had hematologic malignancy or solid CA whereas did not have prior granulocytopenia or immunosuppressive therapy the mean sd interval between admission and diagnosis was days range days and the diagnosis was made while the patient was still alive in of the cases fifteen percent of the patients had extrapulmonary aspergillosis the most frequent finding both on xray film of the chest and pulmonary computed tomography were BL multiple pulmonary nodules thirteen patients were treated with itraconazole with amphotericin b received both drugs and received fluconazole nineteen patients died and the casefatality rate among treated patients was ipa presents mainly in immunosuppressed patients but there was a not negligible proportion of patients lacking the classical risk AF ipa is often a lately made diagnosis and in a quarter of the patients it is not made when the patient is alive the most frequent radiological presentation are multiple bilateral nodules the casefatality rate of ipa is exceedingly high even when if the patient has been adequately treated | MEDAL |
the prevalence of als cognitive or behavioural impairment ci or bi consistent with frontotemporal degeneration ftld approachs while â¼ progress to dementia our goal was to explore ci and bi differencs between bulbar and limb onset as well as the neuroprotective potential of oestrogen in emerging ftld | MEDAL |
psychologists in academic health centers ahc face important ethical issues including confidentiality when working with a multidisciplinary team sharing of information through the electronic health record obtaining IC in a fastpaced healthcare environment cultural competency in the medical setting and issues related to supervision and training the goal of this paper is to describe ethical issues for psychologists in ahcs in the context of case examples and to consider ethical decisionmaking tools to enhance clinical care considerations for best practices in integrated care settf metabolism we have established a simple defined culture medium that supports the sustained growth of promastigotes over multiple passages and which yields parasites that have similar infectivity to macrophages to parasites grown in a conventional semidefined medium we have exploited this medium to investigate the amino acid requirements of promastigotes in SC and have found that phenylalanine tryptophan arginine leucine lysine and valine are essential for viability in culture most of the proteogenic amino acids promote growth of leishmania promastigotes with the exception of alanine asparagine and glycine this defined medium will be useful for further studies of promastigote ATP requirements and will facilitate future proteomic and metabolomic analyses | MEDAL |
to investigate the relative frequency of the genetic causes of the schubertbornschein type of congenital stationary night blindness csnb and to determine the genotypephenotype correlations in csnb and csnb | MEDAL |
rna interference is a powerful tool used to induce lossoffunction phenotypes through posttranscriptional gene silencing si rna sirna molecules have been used to target the central nervous system cns and are expected to have clinical utility against refractory neurodegenerative diseases however sirna is characterized by low transduction efficiency insufficient inhibition of gene expression and short duration of therapeutic effects and is thus not ideal for treatment of neural tissues and diseases to address these problems viral delivery of shorthairpin rna shrna expression cassettes that support more efficient and longlasting transduction into target tissues is expected to be a promising delivery tool various types of gene therapy vectors have been developed such as adenovirus adenoassociated virus aav herpes simplex virus and lentivirus however aav is particularly advantageous because of its relative lack of immunogenicity and lack of chromosomal integration in human clinical trials recombinant aav vectors are relatively safe and welltolerated in particular serotype of aav aav vectors show the highest tropism for neural tissue and can cross the bloodbrain barrier and we have shown that intrathecal delivery of aav yields relatively high gene transduction into dorsal root ganglia or spinal cord this chapter describes how to successfully use aav vectors encoding shrna in vivo particularly for rna interference in the CE and peripheral nervous system | MEDAL |
gingival fluid from eight control subjects and ten diabetics was collected and the content of camp and protein in the fluid was assayed to determine the nature of the PSA changes occurring in the gingival fluid due to diabetes the GF of the control subjects had a camp concentration of x m which was a hundredfold greater than that seen in serum thus suggesting that the camp in the fluid resulted from active synthesis by the gingival cells and was not merely a transudate from the blood the gingival fluid of the diabetics contained only oneseventh the level of camp seen in the control group it is suggested that the decreased level of camp seen in the givgival fluid of diabetics may be a manifestation of a defect in the camp forming mechanism of the GT which may reflect the SVR etiology of diabetes it was also found that in the control subjects the content of camp in the gingival fluid was in inverse proportion to the volume of exudate in the gingival crevice no such relationship was seen in the diabetic group it appears that the level of camp present in the gingival fluid of normal individuals without any generalized endocrine deficiencies may be used as an additional indicator of the inflammatory status of the gingival tissues along with the clinical evaluation based on gingival index | MEDAL |
although the telomeric repeat amplification protocol trap has served as a powerful assay for detecting telomerase activity its use has been significantly limited when performed directly in complex interferantlaced samples in this work we report a modification of the trap assay that allows the detection of highfidelity amplification of telomerase products directly from concentrated cell lysates briefly we covalently attached nm gold NPs aunps to the telomere strand ts primer which is used as a ATP for telomerase elongation these tsmodified aunps significantly reduce polymerase chain reaction pcr artifacts such as primer dimers and improve the yield of amplified telomerase products relative to the traditional trap CA when amplification is performed in concentrated cell lysates specifically because the tsmodified aunps eliminate most of the primerdimer artifacts normally visible at the same position as the shortest amplified telomerase pcr product apparent on agarose gels the aunpmodified trap CA exhibits excellent sensitivity consequently we observed a fold increase in sensitivity for CA cells diluted fold with somatic cells it thus appears that the use of aunpmodified primers significantly improves the sensitivity and specificity of the traditional trap CA and may be an effective method by which pcr can be performed directly in concentrated cell lysates | MEDAL |
the emergence and reemergence of infectious diseases as the result of recent and ongoing social and environmental changes urgently calls for a global surveillance system so that unusual outbreaks can be recognized and controlled at an early stage promed an international nongovernmental group of infectious disease experts was organized by the federation of american scientists to promote the establishment of a global program to monitor emerging diseases promed proposes the establishment of a demonstration program by prioritizing a small number of strategicallylocated institutions in the developing world mainly those least in need of upgrading for OD as sentinel centers in this way a functional although limited network with capabilities for monitoring both endemic and emerging diseases could be rapidly established at minimal cost the network would serve as an experimental model for future expansion initially each center would develop its own localregional network with which it would exchange information and assistance and through which it would collect clinieither adenocarcinoma or ASC or bulky RT cm the drugs infused were cisplatin mgm DOX mgm mitomycin mgm and fluorouracil mgbody they were infused via the bilateral internal iliac arteries fiftyeight of the patients received a RH T3 TAI of with stage i disease of with stage ii disease of with stage iii disease and five of nine with stage iv disease two patients with stage iii disease received radical radiotherapy the other eight patients one with stage i disease one with stage ii disease two with stage iii disease and four with stage iv disease did not receive an operation after transcatheter arterial infusion because they had distant metastases at the time of operation thirtytwo of patients received postoperative radiotherapy the complete histologic response rates no AS cancer cells T3 TAI were of patients with stage i disease of patients with stage ii disease of patients with stage iii disease and one of five patients with stage iv disease tumors with squamous cell carcinoma disappeared at a significantly better rate than did tumors with adenocarcinoma or adenosquamous cell carcinoma p the overall year survival rates of the patients with stages i ii and iii disease were and respectively the year survival rates of the patients who underwent surgery with stage i ii and iii disease were and respectively leukocytopenia and TP occurred as an acute complication in and of the patients respectively as a late complication ileus occurred in transcatheter arterial infusion may improve the prognosis of patients with CC without increasing the incidence of late complications | MEDAL |
hyperuricemia is a PSA hallmark of gout renal urate lithiasis and inherited purine disorders and may be a result of enormous atp breakdown or purine PR as a result of cardiovascular disease hypertension kidney disease eclampsia obesity metabolic syndrome psoriasis TLS or intense PT the beneficial role of dairy products on hyperuricemia management and prevention is well documented in the literature the primary aim of our exp T0 was to examine the effect of milk dietary regimen commercial fat uht milk or patented depurinized milk compared with allopurinol therapy on exp hyperuricemia induced by oxonic acid in rats principal component analysis was applied on a data set consisting of variables for different experimentaction of nitric oxide no reactive oxygen species ros and oxodeoxyguanosine ohdg an oxidized form of deoxiguanosine gsh also prevents hoinduced reduction of tight junction proteins finally gsh increases the level of nuclear factor erythroid related factor nrf and activates nrfmediated signaling pathways thus gsh is a promising target to protect brain endothelial cells in conditions of BB injury and disease | MEDAL |
in patients with unilateral persistent idiopathic facial pain pifp classified according to the criteria of the international headache society and agematched control subjects sensory functions were examined on the face by quantitative sensory testing qst additionally the somatotopy of the primary SmI si to tactile input from the pain area was evaluated by means of MEG previously reported abnormalities in pifp as a dishabituation of the r component of the blink reflex and psychiatric disturbances were coevaluated psychiatric DUE included a structured clinical interview for axisi dsm iv disorders scidi and employment of the sclr and a depression scale ads thresholds to touch pin prick warm cold heat and pressure pain as well as the pain ratings to single and repetitive perceptual wind up painful pin prick stimuli did not indicate a significant sensory deficit or hyperactivity in the pain area when compared with the asymptomatic side nor when compared with the values of healthy control subjects qst results were not significantly altered in patients n that showed an abnormal dishabituation of the r component of the blink reflex the interhemispheric difference in distance between the cortical representation of the lip and the index finger did not differ between patients and control subjects psychiatric DUE did not disclose significant abnormalities at a group level it is concluded that pifp is maintained by mechanisms which do not involve somatosensory processing of stimuli from the pain area | MEDAL |
we have previously shown that adipose cells from young genetically obese zucker rats are characterized by very high metabolic activity together with an increase in a wide range of membranemediated functions the aim of the present T0 was to examine whether the physical properties of the CM and the composition of the membrane lipids were altered in these cells PMs and two intracellular MF were prepared by differential UC from inguinal adipose cells of dayold obese fafa and lean fafa littermates the lipid order as measured by steadystate FP of diphenylhexatriene used as probe was markedly decreased in the plasma CM of obese rat adipose cells consistent with this the cholesteroltophospholipid ratio was significantly decreased and the degree of unsaturation of the phospholipid fatty acids was significantly increased in IM none of these parameters were altered by the different TT in fat cells from obese rats both plasma and intracellular membranes exhibited a fold decrease in the ratios of nn fatty acids mainly due to an enrichment in docosahexaenoic acid n the data show that the fatty TT is a determinant of membrane lipid order and composition in adipose cells the alterations reported here for young obese zucker rat adipocytes might be related to the metabolic hyperactivity of these cells | MEDAL |
viral isolates from hivinfected patients in ghana most of whom were symptomatic were characterized for coreceptor usage using mt and ucd cells irrespective of clinical status most infections were caused by ccrtropic viruses although three cxcrtropic viruses were also found genotyping was performed by sequencing the gp region seven viruses clustered with subtype g REF strains while the remaining viruses clustered within the subtype a reference viruses most AT1 a isolates clustered loosely with the crfag viruses and are described as crfaglike the v loop was sequenced in selected isolates including all isolates capable of using X4 the v region of X4 viruses contained genetic traits characteristic of cxcrusing AT1 b and c viruses such as increased charge the presence of positively charged residues at positions and and loss of a predicted glycosylation site this T0 supports previous work showing that crfag is responsible for most hiv infections in ghana at this time the predominance of R5 viruses even in symptomatic patients suggests that ccrblocking strategies may be useful for prevention and treatment of hiv infections in ghana | MEDAL |
we report data related to arbovirus antibodies detected in wild birds periodically captured from january to december in the counties of salesópolis casa grande station itapetininga and ribeira valley considering the different capture environments plasmas were examined using hemagglutinationinhibition hi tests only monotypic reactions were considered except for two heterotypic reactions in which a significant difference in titer was observed for a determined virus of the same antigenic group among a total of birds birds belonging to species and families were found to have a monotypic reaction for eastern equine encephalitis eee venezuelan equine encephalitis vee WEE wee ilheus ilh rocio roc st SLE sle sp an or caraparu car viruses analysis of the data provided information of epidemiologic interest with respect to these agents birds with positive serology were distributed among different habitats with a predominance of unforested habitats the greatest diversity of positive reactions was observed among species which concentrate in SC fields | MEDAL |
the hypothesis is widely held that in growth SP during endochondral ossification proteoglycans in the EM of the lower HCM zone are degraded by PRs and removed before mineralization and that this is the mechanism by which a noncalcifiable matrix is transformed into a calcifiable matrix we have evaluated this hypothesis by examining the immunofluorescent localization and concentrations of proteoglycan monomer core protein and LP and the concentrations of glycosaminoglycans demonstrated by safranin IF in the different zones of the bovine fetal cartilage GP monospecific antibodies were prepared to proteoglycan monomer core protein and to LP the immunofluorescent localization of these species was examined in decalcified and undecalcified sections containing the zones of proliferating and HCM chondrocytes and in sections containing the zones of proliferating and HCM chondrocytes and the metaphysis decalcified in m edta ph in the presence of PIs proteoglycan monomer core protein and link protein are demonstrable without detectable loss throughout the extracellular matrix of the longitudinal septa of the hypertrophic zone and in the calcified cartilage of the metaphysis in fact increased staining is observed in the calcifying cartilage contrary to the prevailing hypothesis our results indicate that there is no net loss of proteoglycans during mineralization and that the proteoglycans become entombed in the calcified cartilage which provides a scaffolding on which osteoid and bone are formed proteoglycans appear to persist unaltered in the calcified cartilage core of the trabeculae until at last the entire trabeculae are eroded from their surfaces and removed by osteoclasts when the primary spongiosa is replaced by the secondary spongiosa | MEDAL |
the nef gene is considered to play a crucial role in the development of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome aids in this T0 we analyzed the CS of nef quasispecies obtained from replicationcompetent hiv isolates from two japanese hemophiliac patients INF with hiv at least nef clones were isolated at each time point and a total of individual nef quasispecies were sequenced we observed a gradual increase in genetic diversity of the nef gene over time among the various PET regions of nef protein myristoylation site and the CE pxxp sh ligand motifs were well conserved the scattered regions responsible for downregulation of cd and class i mhc were also conserved these data suggest that these functions of nef may be involved throughout the disease process | MEDAL |
during bone formation as in other tissues and organs intense cellular proliferation and differentiation are usually observed it has been described that PCD ie apoptosis takes place in the control of the cellular population by removing of the excessive and damaged cells although it is generally accepted that ABs are engulfed by professional phagocytes the neighboring cells can also take part in the removal of apoptotic bodies in the present T0 regions of initial AM bone formation of rat molars were examined with the aim to verify whether osteoblasts are capable of engulfing apoptotic bodies such as professional phagocytes rats aged days were sacrificed and the maxillary fragments containing the first molar were removed and immersed in the fixative solution the specimens fixed in glutaraldehydeformaldehyde were processed for CS microscopy and transmission electron microscopy for the PCD of apoptosis the specimens were fixed in formaldehyde embedded in paraffin and submitted to the tunel method the results revealed roundovoid structures containing dense HB on the bone surface in close contact to OBs and in conspicuous osteoblast vacuoles these roundovoid structures showed also positivity to the tunel method indicating that bone cells on the bone surface are undergoing apoptosis ultrathin sections showed images of apoptotic bodies being engulfed by OBs occasionally the osteoblasts exhibited C1 vacuoles containing blocks of condensed chromatin and remnants of organelles thus these images suggest that OBs are able to engulf and degrade apoptotic bodies | MEDAL |
we present the first mhc class i sequences in geckos we compared mhc variation in gekkonid species that reproduce sexually hemidactylus frenatus lepidodactylus aureolineatus l moestus l sp arno l sp takapoto to others reproducing parthenogenetically h garnotii l lugubris these comparisons include the known maternal l moestus and paternal l sp arno ancestors of the asexual l lugubris sequences similar to other vertebrate species were obtained from both nuclear and cdna templates indicating that these sequences are derived from expressed class i mhc loci southern blot analysis using gecko class i probes revealed that parthenogenetic clonal lineages of independent evolutionary origin have no withinclone band R2 at class i loci and that no detectable recombination between restriction sites had taken place variability in the sexual species was similar to ma and malonate the combination of subthreshold concentrations of quin mm and malonate mm produced lesions larger than did either quin or malonate CT the neurotoxic effect of quin combined with malonate was subsequently blocked by coadministration of the nmda receptor antagonist mk mm these findings indicate that malonate synergistically enhances nmda receptor mediated excitotoxicity | MEDAL |
one hundred and one nondiabetic and diabetic patients suffering from lower limb ischaemia were divided into i asymptomatic subjects ii claudicants iii critically ischaemic patients ie fontaine iii or iv patients with either an ankle pressure mmhg or a toe pressure mmhg and iv fontaine iii or iv patients in whom ankle and toe pressures could not be assessed due to vessel wall sclerosis or skin ulceration skin microcirculation was investigated to assess a the compounding effect of diabetes in leg ischaemia and b the additive value of microcirculatory investigation in the appreciation of the severity of the ischaemic disease the techniques used included capillary microscopy transcutaneous oximetry and laser doppler fluxmetry the severity of ischaemia was readily discernable using microcirculatory techniques the presence of diabetes appeared to change skin microcirculatory perfusion but especially in critically ischaemic patients the microcirculation was no more compromised than nondiabetics using skin oxygen tension measurements a positive predictive value of was obtained in the PCD of critical ischaemia when a cutoff value of mmhg was applied seventy per cent of patients in whom the severity of ischaemia could not be classified using blood pressure measurements could be classified as critically ischaemic on the basis of microcirculatory investigation in conclusion the influence of diabetes on the MC is outweighed by the effects of atherosclerosis when AVD becomes severe techniques to investigate skin microcirculation are a useful way of assessing the severity of lower limb ischaemia in the presence of diabetes mellitus or if IP BPs cannot be obtained | MEDAL |
enfuvirtide fuzeon is the first selfinjectable ARV arv therapy approved for the treatment of hiv this study was undertaken to explore the perceptions of injectable arvs among physicians and treatmentexperiencure however recent comparison of AV with the new calciumindependent ps probe lactadherin revealed that annexin v requires a certain threshold of ps exposure for binding to occur the aim of this T0 was to compare annexin v and lactadherin labeling of plts in plt concentrates pcs | MEDAL |
a clinical diagnosis of chronic prostatitis was made on AD males who were subsequently admitted and investigated by stamey localisation techniques psychological questionnaires urine flow studies cystourethroscopy and prostatic biopsy or transurethral prostatectomy from the stamey localisation studies and cultures of the tissue obtained at transurethral prostatectomy a diagnosis of bacterial prostatitis was made in of which half were staphylococcus albus and half were well recognised urinary pathogens other significant pathology was found in and particularly of note were patients who presented with chronic cystitis biopsy negative and subsequently developed carcinoma of the bladder also in this group were unsuspected strictures and patients with poor PFR but normal endoscopy investigations in the remaining were all negative except for a significantly higher incidence of neuroticism when compared with the other CG and controls | MEDAL |
the ag polymorphism in the cyclin d ccnd gene modulates mrna splicing leading to altered protein that may affect the regulation of the gs cellcycle checkpoint this polymorphism has been reported to influence susceptibility to and progression of several malignancies furthermore the NC of retinoblastoma protein regulation mediated by ccnd may play a role in the OD of methotrexate mtx resistance via an associated higher activity of enzymes that are inhibited by mtx this study shows that children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia all who are homozygous for the ccnd a variant have a lower probability of eventfree survival p compared to carriers of the g variant a significant result is retained in the presence of other prognostic factors this impact is even more apparent in individuals who are also homozygous for thymidylate synthase ts triple repeat p which has previously been shown to influence the outcome of childhood all | MEDAL |
protein interactions integrate stimuli from different signaling pathways and developmental programs bimolecular fluorescence complementation bifc analysis has been developed for visualization of protein interactions in living cells this RPA is based on complementation between two fragments of a FL protein when they are brought together by an interaction between proteins fused to the fragments and it enables visualization of the subcellular locations of protein interactions in the normal cellular environment it can be used for the analysis of many protein interactions and does not require information about the structures of the interaction partners a multicolor bifc RPA has been developed for simultaneous visualization of interactions with multiple alternative partners in the same cell based on complementation between fragments of engineered fluorescent proteins that produce bimolecular FL complexes with distinct spectral characteristics this enables comparison of subcellular distributions of different protein complexes in the same cell and allows analysis of competition between mutually exclusive interaction partners | MEDAL |
wildebeestderived malignant catarrhal fever wdmcf was transmitted to hamsters rats and guineapigs by inoculation of rb lymphoid cells infected with alcelaphine HHV-8 strain c sheepassociated mcf samcf was transmitted to hamsters by inoculation of lymphoid cells from rabbits affected with samcf derived from deer mice were refractory to both forms of the disease with both forms of mcf the incubation period during initial transmission varied from to days and disease was readily passaged in rodents by inoculation of live lymphoid cells clinical signs in hamsters most closely resembled those described for naturally occurring mcf results given here and in two following papers indicate that rodents are useful models to study the aetiology and pathogenesis of both forms of mcf | MEDAL |
buildings equipped with asbestoscontaining material may PR asbestos SF the toxicity of which remains uncertain because of the generally low dose level in air samples collected in a building the asbestos level ranged between and fml both chrysotile and amphiboles were found there was no association between in vitro cytotoxicity on rat pleural mesothelial cells and asbestos content but there was a significant correlation with the total amount of particulate material four samples exhibited an enhancement of dna synthesis in cells arrested in g with mm hydroxyurea this is more likely related to the particulate matter associated with asbestos SF | MEDAL |
this paper reports a doublelabelling ICC study of the three calciumbinding proteins calretinin parvalbumin and calbindindk in developing and adult macaca V1 in AD VC each protein marks a subset of gabaergic neurons with a characteristic laminar distribution and virtually no colocalization was found between these three proteins suggesting that each calciumbinding protein may serve as a marker for one or more cortical subcircuits the immature VC immunostained using MZ techniques was then analysed to determine if each calciumbinding protein could serve as a developmental marker for these circuits the CR cells of SL contained all three proteins during development calbindindk and calretinin were colocalized starting at fd foetal day and T3 fd parvalbumin also was present in the same CR cells all three proteins continued to be expressed until the cajalretzius disappeared postnatally in layers calbindindk and calretinin were never colocalized in contrast parvalbumin and calretinin were found in SN of deep SL from fd to postnatal p weeks with a few persisting even later before birth almost all pv neurons in layers were cab but by p weeks only a few pvcab SN remained in layer c and these CR disappeared by p weeks colocalization in SL neurons overlaps the period of ocular dominance segregation suggesting that the ON of cortical maturity coincides with segregation of calciumbinding proteins within the gaba interneurons | MEDAL |
the aim of the present T0 was to evaluate the effectiveness of two consecutive nonrandomised treatment programs applied between and at the istituto nazionale tumori of milan in an unselected cohort of children over the age of one with stage neuroblastoma both treatment programs consisted of two phases the induction of the remission phase and the consolidation phase the induction of the remission phase consisted of intensive chemotherapy and remained the same throughout the study period the consolidation phase consisted of sequential HBI hbi gy per session weeks apart in the first period june and sequential highdose cyclophosphamide etoposide mitoxantronelpam and autologous haemopoietic stem cell transplantation in the second july ITT revealed a significantly better outcome for patients treated with the second program the year eventfree survival probability being for program and for program p this finding led us to conclude that sequential hbi is useless as consolidation treatment the highdose chemotherapy adopted in the second program enabled a proportion of patients to obtain LT survival but since the clinical results remain unsatisfactory new treatment strategies are warranted | MEDAL |
a piezoelectric transducer and associated instrumentation were developed and evaluated as a means of experimentally determining joint contact AS each transducer fabricated from a polyvinylidene fluoride film comprised four discrete sensing elements following dynamic calibration of all sensing elements in vitro evaluations were performed with transducers positioned in canine TF joints quantitative measurements of contact stress as a CF of time were obtained using these transducers the magnitudes of which ranged between and mpa limitations associated with the transducer material and its use in this TPS application included calibration R2 and temporal phase shift of the transducer SO signal relative to the applied load | MEDAL |
hepatic HIVE is a common and devastating NP complication of acute liver failure or chronic MLD ammonia content in the blood seems to play a role in the development of hepatic HIVE treatment for hepatic HIVE is complex acetyllcarnitine is a substance that may reduce ammonia toxicity this review assessed the benefits and harms of acetyllcarnitine for patients with HE | MEDAL |
membrane distillation md is an emerging thermal desalination process which can potentially treat high salinity industrial wastewaters such as shale gas produced water and power plant blowdown the performance of md systems is hampered by inorganic scaling particularly when treating hypersaline industrial wastewaters with highscaling potential in this T0 we developed a scalingresistant md membrane with an engineered slippery surface for desalination of highsalinity industrial wastewaters at high water REC a polyvinylidene fluoride pvdf membrane was grafted with silica nanoparticles followed by coating with fluoroalkylsilane to lower the membrane surface SE contact angle measurements revealed the slippery nature of the modified pvdf membrane we evaluated the desalination performance of the surfaceengineered pvdf membrane in direct contact membrane distillation using a synthetic wastewater with high gypsum scaling potential as well as a brine from a SP plant blowdown results show that gypsum scaling is substantially delayed on the developed slippery surface compared to the pristine pvdf membrane the modified pvdf CM exhibited a SD md performance with reduced scaling potential demonstrating its potential to achieve high water REC in treatment of highsalinity industrial wastewaters we conclude with a discussion of the mechanism for gypsum scaling inhibition by the engineered slippery surface | MEDAL |
the authors report the study of cases of congenital HR disease observed at abidjan between the average age of the patients was years ranging from the newborn to years the principal malformations encountered in their order of frequency were VVI septal defect p atrial septal defect p fallots tetralogy p pulmonary stenosis PDA p atrioventricular canal p transposition of the great arteries p coarctation of the aorta p there were associated malformations in cases patients were catheterised at abidjan were operated at abidjan these statistics are compared to those already reported of congenital heart disease in tropical and western countries there is little difference in the distribution of the various cardiac malformations two CM appear to be less frequent in the tropics coarctation of the aorta and aortic stenosis | MEDAL |
statin therapy reduces blood cholesterol and lipids and exerts an antiinflammatory effect certain statins bind adhesion molecules including functional leukocytic antigen and therefore block their interaction with t lymphocytes and macrophages expressing the counterreceptor intercellular adhesion molecule icam quantitation of endotheliumadherent TA and macrophages revealed much smaller numbers of these cells in patients receiving statins the authors consider that the lower count of t lymphocytes and macrophages in the upper layers of the intima and AS plaques may facilitate the conversion of unstable to stable plaques which reduces the risk of AS PI rupture and resultant V1 thrombosis | MEDAL |
studies with HR rate R2 have revealed interictal autonomic alterations in patients with epilepsy in addition epilepsy is frequently associated with ictal ART or bradycardia which sometimes precedes the ON of seizures ictal ART is sometimes associated with electrocardiography ecg morphologic changes and ictal bradycardia often progresses to asystole such cardiac manifestations of seizures have been hypothesized as possible causes for SUDEP supep the present review relates to interictal and ictal cardiac manifestations of epilepsy with focus on HR rate HRV and ecg changes aspects of the supporting mechanisms are discussed and attention is drawn to the interaction between CE and peripheral effects interictal autonomic conditions ictal autonomic discharges and administration of AEDs in shaping the ictal cardiac changes because these interactions are complex and not totallyoxic activity against cryptococcus was explored via transfection and interference of betaarrestin pbmcs of patients with cryptococcal meningitis exhibited significantly elevated levels of betaarrestin and a positive correlation between betaarrestin and il C2 existed in patients serum but a negative rho was found between betaarrestin and Th1 expression in conclusion elevated expression of betaarrestin in pbmcs of patients with cryptococcal meningitis correlated with a reduced cytotoxic activity against cryptococcus this study suggests that reduced betaarrestin mrna levels or inhibition of betaarrestin activity may augment infgamma production and ultimately the anticryptococcus immune response of INF patients | MEDAL |
in todays environment providers are extremely timeconstrained assembling relevant contextual data to make decisions on laboratory results can take a significant amount of time from the day the regenstrief institute has created a system which leverages data within indiana health information exchanges ihies repository the indiana network for patient care inpc to provide wellorganized and contextual information on returning laboratory results to outpatient providers the system described here uses data extracted from inpc to add historical test results medicationdispensing events visit information and clinical reminders to traditional laboratory result reports these enhanced laboratory reports elrs are seamlessly delivered to outpatient practices connected through ihie via the docsdocs clinical messaging service all practices including those without electronic medical record systems can receive elrs in this paper the design and implementation issues in creating this system are discussed and generally favorable preliminary results of attitudes by providers towards elrs are reported | MEDAL |
several theories have sought to explain the motivations for handgun possession and the relationship with personality perception of handguns also has cultural variations the aim of the T0 is to evaluate handgun license applicants personality profiles handgun license applicants were included in the T0 TCI tci scores of the applicants were recorded scores were compared with turkish and american normative data for the inventory the study group had significantly lower subscores on novelty seeking harm avoidance and higher subscores on reward dependence and persistence compared to turkish norms and significantly lower subscores on novelty seeking reward dependence and selfdirectedness compared to american norms results indicate that turkish handgun license applicants personality features are more similar to american norms | MEDAL |
in this article LDF ldf monitoring of blood flow in free flaps is summarized seventysix patients had uneventful postoperative courses and patients developed postoperative complications with a salvage rate of percent except for one case the flowmeter identified developing complications before clear clinical indices appeared and in two cases it was the only indication of V1 compromise of the flap on the basis of the data obtained the ranges of absolute flow values in different types of uncomplicated flaps are reported along with their temporal pattern of flow decrease inflow DP may be an early indicator of a developing perfusion disturbance on the basis of ldf readings the following classifications of freeflap blood flow are safe functional endoscopic sinus T0 and thoroughly eliminating the focus of disease coronal ct scanning and dimensional reconstruction were performed in sinusitis patients sides and patients with sinusitis and nasal polyposis sides the ct findings were compared with endoscopic examination and normal people were taken as control the found of coronal ct and endoscopic examination are consistent in recognizing mucosal thickening within nasal cavity and sinuses threedimensional ct is more living than common coronal ct in displaying the uncinate process and turbinates our conclusion is that coronal ct scan processes high values for recognizing nasal sinus disease anatomical SCV disease extent and adjacent structures of omc threedimensional reconstructed ct make the image of omc more stereoscopic audiovisual and living | MEDAL |
during prophase vertebrate cells disassemble their NE ne in the process of ne breakdown nebd we have established an in vitro assay that uses mitotic xenopus laevis egg extracts and semipermeabilized somatic cells bearing a green FL proteintagged ne marker to T0 the molecular requirements underlying the dynamic changes of the ne during nebd by live microscopy we applied our in vitro system to analyze the role of the ran guanosine triphosphatase gtpase system in nebd our study shows that high levels of rangtp affect the dynamics of late steps of nebd in vitro also inhibition of rangtp production by rantn blocks the dynamic rupture of nuclei suggesting that the local generation of rangtp around chromatin may serve as a spatial cue in nebd furthermore the microtubuledepolymerizing drug nocodazole interferes with late steps of nuclear disassembly in vitro high resolution live cell imaging reveals that microtubules are involved in the completion of nebd in vivo by facilitating the efficient removal of membranes from chromatin | MEDAL |
schisandrin b schb is an AS lignan component from schisandra chinensis turcz baill that has been long used as traditional chinese medical herb in the prescriptions for tranquilizing the mind and overcoming anxiety given that schb is one of the most abundant ingredients of schisandra chinensis baill we examined the sedative and hypnotic effects of schb and explored the underlying mechanism the results showed that schb can significantly decrease mouse locomotor activities and improved sleeping QI including increased number of sleeping mice treated with the subthreshold dose of PB increased sleep time shortened sleep latency and prolonged sleep duration we found that schb could significantly elevate the level of γaminobutyric acid gaba and reduce the level of glutamic acidgluin the IP blood of mice as well as in the cerebral SC hippocampus hypothalamus of rats resulting in the increased ratio of gabaglu gaba receptor inhibitor picrotoxin could antagonize the effect of schb on the SL and duration in the mice treated with the threshold dose of PB furthermore schb upregulates the expression of gaba | MEDAL |
genetic testing has arrived probably earlier than patients and physicians need for the moment professional societies are taking the lead in monitoring the quality of physician education and laboratory services the federal government will soon take over the role of monitoring the SQ of genetic test kits themselves but the most significant development will be the evolving physicianpatient relationship in the context of primary and prenatal care as of it is probably not necessary for physicians to educate their patients about the availability of genetic tests unless there is a TPS indication of genetic disease in the family however should a patient ask for such information or testing todays physician would have a duty to know enough about the current status of carrier testing to be able to respond to the requests or make a proper referral in addition as the reliability of such tests increase and their costs decrease physicians may arrive at a moment when some sort of patient education is required at least for the most common disorders the recent court decisions securing the right to abortion mean that patients will continue to have the moral and legal right to assert their privilege to plan their families and where possible to avoid genetic impairments in their children physicians will have the sensitive task of helping patients to achieve their personal goals regarding such FP while not overwhelming patients with confusing or frightening information | MEDAL |
fifty subjects enrolled in a doubleblind clinical trial to test the effectiveness of a solution of carbamide peroxide in glycerol upon healing time and PR of recurrent aphthous stomatitis no apparent difference was experienced in either duration of healing or pain relief between the subjects who received the active medication and the subjects who received a placebo | MEDAL |
a unique cytokine human cytotoxic factor hcf has been shown to occur in the sera of patients with dengue fever df and dengue haemorrhagic fever dhf the present T0 was undertaken to investigate the ability of fresh pbmc of such patients to produce hcf the pbmc were cultured for h and the SNs cs were analysed for the presence of hcf by cytotoxicity CA competitive elisa and dot blot tests in of cases cs were positive for hcf by the three tests cs were positive for hcf in pbmc collected from days of illness but not at later periods higher cytotoxic activity was observed in cs of days of illness and was highest in cases of dhf grade iv and lowest in cases of df dot blot hybridization of rna extracted from the pbmc of the patients showed the presence of mrna for hcf in of cases a similar number of patients showed the presence of hcf in situ in the pbmc smears by fluorescent antibody technique hcf was found only in cd t cells the findings thus present direct evidence of the production of hcf by cd t cells of cases of dfdhf | MEDAL |
in mice approximately odorant receptor or genes are expressed in olfactory sensory neurons osns HD CS can be recognized in the promoter and UP regions of several or genes here using the yeast onehybrid system and EMS assay we report that lhx a limhomeodomain protein binds to the HD site in the mouse m or promoter region in lhxdeficient mice the morphology of the OE is grossly normal however expression of omp is abolished and that of gap is severely reduced indicating that no mature and few immature osns are produced m and other or genes also are not expressed osn OD appears to be arrested between the terminal differentiation into neurons and the transition to immature SN thus lhx is required for CR development of osns in mice | MEDAL |
TV smallbowel evisceration is rare only case reports appear in the literature in english review of this literature shows that vaginal evisceration occurs mainly in women who are older multiparous and have undergone vaginal surgery the immediate cause of evisceration is either sudden increased IAP trauma or a spontaneous event the SB and omentum are most commonly involved surgical repair is performed vaginally abdominally or by both methods we present a case of TV small bowel evisceration caused by inadvertent selfinduced trauma a heretofore unreported cause of this complication in a yearold woman with known weakness of her pelvic structural support she experienced sudden evisceration of small bowel following manual decompression of her cystocele during voiding we used a combined ABD and vaginal RPA to examine the small and large intestines and mesentery for trauma attach the vaginal vault to the shortened uterosacral ligament obliterate the culdesac using the moschowitz procedure and repair the defect in the levator SP to limit risk patients should be evaluated for predisposicent reports of human ventricular k currents emphasized differences in transient outward k current ito recorded from left VVI lv subendocardial and subepicardial myocytes these myocytes are usually isolated only from the lv free wall the surface of the interventricular SP is continuous with the Endo of both ventricular chambers however the septum contracts in unison with the LV and therefore might have electric properties consonant with this CF in this study we compare the characteristics of human cardiac k currents ito and inward rectifier k current ik of myocytes isolated from either the lv subepicardium or subendocardium of the right ventricular rv SP | MEDAL |
intratumoral heterogeneity has been identified as a potential problem in the tau of predictive assays canine OSA is an extremely heterogeneous solid tumor that has been shown to be an excellent model for the human disease intratumoral heterogeneity of kinetic parameters and the effect of heterogeneity on predicting outcome of treatment time until metastasis were studied in dogs with naturally occurring osteosarcoma dogs were treated with amputation or RT excision and limbsparing followed by chemotherapy with cisplatin kinetic parameters evaluated included v duration of dna synthesis ts and potential doubling time tpot determined using in vivo labeling with bromodeoxyuridine and FC in tumors multiple samples were obtained and evaluated there was significantly more variation between tumors from different dogs than intratumoral R2 of v ts and tpo variations in v ts and tpot within a tumor were associated with both sample location and tumor subpopulation time to metastasis was determined in dogs with PT sampled for kinetics multiple samples were available from of these tumors cox proportional hazard analysis was performed using either the fastest or slowest tpot from each sample the fastest available tpots were highly significant p for prediction of outcome the slowest available tpots were also significant predictors although the statistical strength was compromised p obtaining at least two samples in large PT known to be heterogeneous is recommended to improve the predictive ability of tpot v is a more limited predictor but can useful when tpot is not available in canine osteosarcoma an extremely heterogeneous RT kinetic parameters were shown to be predictors of outcome | MEDAL |
a mm whiteyellow submucosal tumorlike lesion was detected in the sigmoid colon of an asymptomatic yrold japanese man because the lesion was unexpectedly suspicious for adenocarcinoma by pathological examination of the biopsy specimen it was treated by EMR the specimen obtained demonstrated welldifferentiated adenocarcinoma without any adenomatous PE and was located principally in the submucosal layer with a maximum depth of mum from the MM the cancer exposed to the luminal surface was pathologically concluded to be diminutive intriguingly aggregation of lymphocytes was found beneath the mucosal layer which might have compromised the integrity of the MM because of deep SM infiltration and the latent aggressive nature of de novo CA the patient underwent an additional partial sigmoidcolectomy which demonstrated no residual cancer and no regional CL node metastasis the lesion in this patient exhibited a previously undescribed appearance of de novo colon cancer as SM tumor in an early phase of growth | MEDAL |
guar gum is a galactomannan that assumes a very flexible conformation in solution while scleroglucan is a very rigid polysaccharide that dissolves in water as triple helices both polymers can form gels in the presence of borax despite their structural differences the freezedried gel systems of both polymers when compressed to form tablets show a peculiar anisotropic swelling in water that reflects an amazing similarity in terms of their molecular properies in this paper the SMB of the guarborax gel is compared with that of scleroglucanborax the macroscopic properties of the two systems were characterized in terms of rheological measurements atomic force microscopy images and molecular dynamics simulation allowed to evaluate at molecular level the effect of borax addition to the guar polymer both experiments show that an increasing of the CP rigidity is produced by borax the role played by Gal in the side chain was also discussed | MEDAL |
the pulse activity of SN of the cortex frontal region was studied in cat under conditions of acute experiment under chloralose mgkg by means of extracellular recording the stimulus intensity varied in the near threshold range db over the threshold of a summarized evoked potentional a comparative analysis of the neuronal responses of TPS field s and nonspecific projections demonstrated similar in principle reconstructions with an increase in the CS- intensity a decrease in the LP rise in total frequency and phase of the discharge an increase in the response probability however a relatively stable level of the LP and the response probability were achieved for neurons of specific projection at the CS- intensity equal of threshold units and for neurons of nonspecific projections at the stimulus intensity equal to of threshold units all sensory projections in the frontal SC are formed by two inputs shortlatent lowthreshold and longlatent highthreshold analysis of modal conditioned differences in threshold sensitivity and duration of the latent period of the polysensory SN responses gives reason to assume the convergence of different modal signals RA on cortical neurons | MEDAL |
this study was designed to examine the actions of anp in acute angiimediated hypertension during pregnancy effects on blood pressure blood volume and renal na and k excretion were evaluated in conscious goats n anp micrograms min angii microgram min or angiianp doses the same as for each peptide CT was infused intravenously for min the pressor response to angii was reduced in pregnant goats this reduction was seen in systolic but not in Pd anp decreased pressure by mmhg both in pregnancy and in nonpregnancy when angiianp was infused blood pressure initially rose as with angii but then declined anp suppressed only the elevated systolic pressure plasma protein concentration and haematocrit was reduced by angii but increased by anp alone or together with aleading to toxic SH is very uncommon we report one such case in a yrs old patient | MEDAL |
the assessment of SQ in clinical trials involves multiple considerations while compliance with both good clinical practice and international conference on harmonisation guidelines is required variations in many other AF contribute to the overall SQ of the report principal among these AF is the OD of a testable study question T0 questions that are feasible interesting novel ethical and relevant are desirable the methodology used to answer the question should be described in sufficient detail and documented to provide for reproducibility and transparency this is essential for both interpretation of the results and for assessing the applicability of the results to clinical practice while randomized controlled trials rct are currently the penultimate methodological standard for SQ in research study design they typically do not mimic clinical practice which can present limitations to their value this is particularly relevant with respect to interventional therapies where rct designs can be associated with scientific and ethical challenges welldesigned observational studies may overcome some of these drawbacks but often require very C1 T0 populations technological advances in communication may permit the pooling of data and the emergence of new standards for interventional pain research | MEDAL |
zoledronic acid hydratezoledronic acidis an osteoporosis therapeutic agent which shows the fracture suppression effect with onceyearly intravenous infusion although zoledronic acid is quickly disappeared from the blood T3 intravenous infusion it is taken into the bone immediately and incorporated into the bone tissue in addition zoledronic acid shows the potent suppression effect on BR by inhibiting FPP synthase of the mevalonate pathwayfppsstrongly in vivo study the single intravenous administration of zoledronic acid to the mature ovariectomizedovxrats demonstrated to suppress the decreasing bone strength dosedependently in weeks corresponding to more than one year in human changes in bone resorption markers in the study of japanese OP patientszone studyindicated that BR inhibition action was maintained also over one year the fracture suppression and increase of bone density with onceyealy administration was demonstrated in clinical trials in the osteoporosis patients in japan and other countries and zoledronic acid was currently approved for OP in september in japan zoledronic acid is expected to contribute to the treatment of osteoporosis as a new bisphosphonate with onceyearly administration | MEDAL |
etiopathogenetic research gives rise to the suspicion that the classifications on hand pool heterogeneous disturbances under the heading of schizophrenia this has drawn increasing attention to the necessity of identifying schizophrenic subsyndromes investigations using factor analysis revealed convincingly three major CG of schizophrenic PS a negative factor a psychoticism factor comprising delusions and hallucinations and a disorganization syndrome whose cardinal item is formal thought disorder these studies have not yet furnished final results but already opened insights enabling the conceptualization of syndromoriented therapies the observation that the psychoticism symptomatology occurs in the frame of a dynamic instability based on a thymopsychic hyperreactivity is in this regard especially important in schizophrenic patients this hyperreactivity may be caused by secondary biological compensation mechanisms such as perhaps an upregulation of postsynaptic dopamine receptors classic neuroleptics can only correct the dynamic instability and thus eliminate psychoticism symptoms and reduce the accentuation of disorganization symptoms they have however no influence upon negative symptomatology and can moreover aggravate AA NS and especially impede cognitive functions new atypical neuroleptics do not produce these SE they seem to have a reducing influence on negative PS and to improve cognitive functions in each neuroleptic therapy a stepwise drug withdrawal should make clear whether or not a continous treatment is necessary in the first case the needed efficacious dosis must be identified the patients must learn to recognize relapse prodromes and to prevent the appearance of acute episodes through AGA modifications of the medication this strategy requires the combination with adequate psychotherapeutic methods enabling the patient to master persistent negative and disorganization PS in the best possible way | MEDAL |
nine chemicals with a range from extremely to slightly toxic were used to measure the oral ld in both fasted h and nonfasted rats each chemical was tested as a solution or suspension in CO responses within days posttreatment were evaluated and lds were calculated HCP was more toxic in nonfasted rats the ld values for tetraethyl lead methomyl and hexamethylenediamine were essentially the same in both fasted and nonfasted rats adiponitrile BB caffeine carbon tetrachloride and nbutylhexamediamine yielded lower ld values in fasted rats the use of nonfasted rats in acute oral toxicity determinations allows both the establishment of RP and the estimation of dosage levels for further repeated dose oral studies the ld values obtained were generally of higher in nonfasted rats but the magnitude of the differences was not great enough to suggest routine use of both fasted and nonfasted rats in oral toxicity studies | MEDAL |
epidemiological studies suggest a protective role of omega polyunsaturated fatty acids n pufa against alzheimers disease ad however most intervention studies of supplementation with n pufa have yielded disappointing results one reason for such discordant results may result from inadequate targeting of individuals who might benefit from the supplementation in particular because of their genetic susceptibility to ad the ε S2 of the apolipoprotein e gene apoe is a genetic risk factor for lateonset ad apoe plays a key role in the transport of cholesterol and other lipids involved in brain composition and SF-36 the action of n pufa on the aging brain might therefore differ according to apoe polymorphism the aim of this review is to examine the interaction between dietary fatty acids and apoe TT on the risk for ad carriers of the ε allele tend to be the most responsive to changes in dietary fat and cholesterol conversely several epidemiological studies suggest a protective effect of longchain n pufa on cognitive decline only in those who do not carry ε but with inconsistent results an MI study showed that only noncarriers had increased concentrations of longchain n pufa in response to supplementation the mechanisms underlying this genebydiet interaction on ad risk may involve impaired fatty acids and cholesterol transport altered metabolism of n pufa gl or ketones or modification of other risk factors of ad in ε carriers further research is needed to explain the differential effect of n pufa on ad according to apoe TT | MEDAL |
supracricoid laryngectomy can be an alternative in selected patients with a local recurrence after radiotherapy when endoscopic treatment or more conservative external approaches are not indicated in this study we reviewed our experience in patients who underwent salvage supracricoid laryngectomies for local recurrence following radiotherapy between and salvage supracricoid laryngectomy was performed in nine consecutive patients the primary tumour was located in the glottis in eight cases and in the supraglottis in one case the reconstruction method consisted of a cricohyoidoepiglottopexy in six cases and a cricohyoidopexy in three one patient died of a complication associated to salvage treatment and another died as a consequence of a new recurrence of the laryngeal tumour all patients were decannulated and recovered the ability to swallow the mean cannulation and NG feeding tube times were and days respectively the mean hospitalisation time was days six patients had wound healing complications all of which were solved without further surgery laryngeal function was preserved in of the patients treated in conclusion supracricoid laryngectomy is an effective technique as salvage treatment in selected cases of local recurrence T3 radiotherapy and it can be an alternative to total laryngectomy when other methods of salvage conservation laryngeal surgery are not indicated | MEDAL |
endotoxin shock was produced in healthy adult mongrel dogs by the intravenous injection of mgkg of e coli endotoxin the hour survival of untreated animals was and was not enhanced by volume replacement with low molecular weight dextran treatment with dextran and prostaglandin a or e although effecting significant hemodynamic improvements did not increase survival | MEDAL |
the effect of excipients on the artificial membrane permeability doublesink pampa properties of eight sparingly soluble drugs was studied quantities of excipient were selected to match the concentrations expected in the gastrointestinal fluid under clinically relevant conditions over measurements were performed to correct for the effects of the AQ boundary SL and determine the intrinsic permeability precisely measured ionization constants were used the intrinsic permeability of weak acids was enhanced up to fold but that of weak bases depressed up to fold by the excipients mefenamic acid glybenclamide progesterone GF clotrimazole astemizole dipyridamole butacaine excipient enhancement ranked mm natc peg m kcl nmp peg pg peg m kcl pg nmp pg hpbetacd hpbetacd mm natc the T0 clearly indicates that the method is suitable for use in preclinical OD to assess the effect of excipients on the permeability of sparingly soluble drug candidates the method is quick costeffective and reasonably accurate the selfrankordered pampamapping may be a helpful visualization tool for delivery screening | MEDAL |
crh directly stimulates dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate dheas production in HFA cells in the human fetal and AD PIT crh acts via protein kinase a pka we determined the crh signal transduction pathway in fetal adrenal cells ie whether crh modulates human fetal adrenal steroidogenesis via pka andor protein kinase c pkc in primary cultures crh increased inositol trisphosphate after crh treatment Ins tris bis and monophosphates increased within min reaching maximal C2 at min in contrast pgfalpha known to act via pkc induced a SR for up to min the response to crh was dose dependent maximal at micromoll at both and min crh increased dheas production with a much lesser effect on cortisol crh did not stimulate inositol phospholipid in AD adrenal glands suggesting that this pathway is unique to the fetal adrenal crh increased messenger ribonucleic acid encoding CYP17 lyase pc but not betahydroxysteroid dehydrogenasedelta isomerase however betahsd expression was stimulated by acth pkc but not pka inhibitors blocked crhstimulated pc induction whereas pka inhibitors blocked acthstimulated cortisol thus crh is coupled to the phospholipase cinositol phosphate second messenger system and preferentially induces the expression of pc and dheas suggesting a unique role of crh regulating HFA function via pkc | MEDAL |
the aim of this study was to determine the effects of single and repeated episodes of clamped hypoglycemia on fibrinolytic balance proinflammatory biomarkers proatherothrombotic mechanisms and endothelial function twenty healthy individuals male and female were studied during separate day randomized protocols day consisted of either two h hyperinsulinemic ± pmolleuglycemic ± mmoll or hyperinsulinemic ± pmollhypoglycemic ± mmoll clamps day consisted of a single h hyperinsulinemichypoglycemic clamp 2DE doppler ultrasound was used to determine brachial arterial EC function plasminogen activator inhibitor vascular cell adhesion molecule intracellular adhesion molecule eselectin pselectin tat thrombinantithrombin complex TN factorα and interleukin responses were increased p during single or repeated hypoglycemia compared with euglycemia endogenous and exogenous nitric oxide nomediated vasodilation were both impaired by repeated hypoglycemia NE and autonomic NS ans responses were also blunted by repeated hypoglycemia p in summary acute moderate hypoglycemia impairs fibrinolytic balance increases proinflammatory responses PLT activation and coagulation biomarkers and reduces nomediated endothelial function in HI repeated episodes of hypoglycemia further impair V1 function by additionally reducing exogenously nomediated EC CF and increasing coagulation biomarkers we conclude that despite reduced neuroendocrine and ans responses antecedent hypoglycemia results in greater EC dysfunction and an increased proatherothrombotic state compared with a single acute episode of hypoglycemia | MEDAL |
the participation of bacterial biofilms in the overfilled GP points associated with refractory periapical periodontitis has recently been reported this T0 investigated the initial biofilmforming ability of root canal isolates enterococcus faecalis streptococcus sanguis strep intermedius strep pyogenes staphylococcus aureus Fn propionibacterium acnes porphyromonas gingivalis and prevotella intermedia on guttapercha points in vitro each bacterial strain was suspended in CC medium or in SC medium containing or volvol SS the bacterial suspensions were then coincubated anaerobically with guttapercha points for d the GP points were processed for scanning electron microscopic observation and examined for biofilm presence and thickness e faecalis strep sanguis strep intermedius strep pyogenes and staph aureus biofilms were generated on the surfaces of the specimens incubated in culture medium supplemented with or volvol serum the e faecalis and strep sanguis biofilms were significantly thicker than those of strep intermedius strep pyogenes and staph aureus no biofilms were detected on the specimens incubated with f nucleatum prop acnes porph gingivalis and prev intermedia these findings suggest that grampositive facultative anaerobes have the ability to colonize and form extracellular matrices on guttapercha points while SS plays a crucial role in biofilm formation | MEDAL |
thyroid cancer is a rare tumour in spite of this its incidence is increasing faster than any other tumour the reported response rates of recurrent thyroid cancer to chemotherapy are generally poor molecular studies have provided some information on their biology and have identified new targets with therapeutic potential | MEDAL |
we describe unusually extensive CE of the dura mater on mri in a case of dural arteriovenous fistula of the cavernous sinus | MEDAL |
aortic root management in type a acute aortic dissection is controversial this T0 compared outcomes of root replacement rr interventions versus more conservative root cr management | MEDAL |
thrombosis is a common and potentially serious complication of immunemediated HIT hit discontinuation of heparin is a simple and important maneuver in patients with suspected hit unfortunately thrombosis often occurs even in those patients in whom heparin was discontinued because of TP CT isolated hit it therefore is reasonable to consider prophylactic AC with an alternate anticoagulant in patients with suspected hit especially if their initial indication for AC persists for patients with thrombosis complicating hit CT options often have important limitations warfarin has a slow onset of action and its use in patients with acute hit and deep VT has been associated with the devastating syndrome of A-V limb gangrene ancrod a defibrinog with adamsoliver syndrome aos an autosomal dominant malformation syndrome mim no in which CVM cvms have been reported previously in the first family twin boys and their mother had the typical digital and scalp defects of aos with various obstructive cvms of the left heart BAV shones complex at least three other relatives not examined personally are reported to have related cvms aortic valve stenosis hypoplastic left heart syndrome in the second family a girl had typical aos digital and scalp defects and a bicuspid aortic valve at least three other relatives are reported to be mildly affected tetralogy of fallot had been previously reported as the most common cvm in aos zapata hh sletten lj pierport mem j med genet however with the addition of these new patients and two other literature reports we emphasize that approximately have a cvm frequently obstructive lesions of the left heart cardiology consultation should be offered to most patients with aos | MEDAL |
a new method for the PCD of PR antibody in swine sera was developed by use of the indirect immunoperoxidase plaque staining test the indirect immunoperoxidase PI IF test demonstrated serologic responses in pigs that were subcutaneously INF with pseudorabies virus the test had a sensitivity and a specificity comparable to those of the complementdependent neutralization test and appeared to be somewhat more sensitive than the neutralization test and the enzymelinked immunosorbent CA the test was simple to perform and the results could be read with the unaided eye under ordinary CS making the test particularly suitable for the routine testing of C1 numbers of SS samples | MEDAL |
the twocomponent regulatory system phopq has been shown to regulate the expression of virulence factors in a number of bacterial species for one such VF lipopolysaccharide lps the phopq system has been shown to regulate structural modifications in salmonella enterica var typhimurium in yersinia pestis which expresses lipooligosaccharide los a phopq regulatory system has been identified and an isogenic mutant constructed to investigate potential modifications to los from y pestis which to date has not been fully characterized purified los from wildtype plague and the phop defective mutant were analysed by mass spectrometry here we report the structural characterization of los from y pestis and the direct comparison of los from a phop mutant structural modifications to lipid a the host signalling portion of los were not detected but analysis of the core revealed the expression of two distinct molecular species in wildtype los differing in terminal Gal or heptose the phop mutant was restricted to the expression of a single molecular species containing terminal heptose the MIC concentration of cationic antimicrobial peptides for the two strains was determined and compared with the wildtype the phop mutant was highly CS to polymyxin thus los modification is under the control of the phopq RII system and the ability to alter los structure may be required for survival of y pestis within the mammalian andor flea host | MEDAL |
single allylestrenol treatment hormonal imprinting of day old rats reduced the density of thymus glucocorticoid receptors and increased the density of uterus estrogen receptors at adult age similar treatment of or day old animals did not alter the IB capacity of the receptors of the AD animals at all in dayold animals the direction of imprinting was similar to the prenatal imprinting of the thymus glucocorticoid receptor reduction whereas neonatal treatment of uterine estrogen receptors decreased receptor density and imprinting on the th day increased it this means that the imprintability persists only to the th day its consequence can be changed the experiments demonstrate that hormonal imprinting can be provoked by allylestrenol not only pre or neonatally as was done in previous experiments but also a few days later the imprintability was lost between the th and th day of life | MEDAL |
the effects of posttraining excitotoxic lesions of the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus pptg on twoway AA after changing the conditioned stimulus cs used during prelesion training were examined prelesion training was carried out with either a tone or a light as the cs and this cs was changed during postlesion training replacing the tone with a CS reduced the performance of control and lesioned rats but the degree of reduction was higher in the latter replacing the CS with a tone had slight detrimental effects in lesioned rats but not in controls thus posttraining pptg lesions slowed down the reacquisition of shuttlebox avoidance under conditions of cs transfer an effect that may be attributable to disruption of attention andor gating of sensory stimuli | MEDAL |
a yearold woman with a history of spontaneous first trimester abortions and no living children who had previously been treated for polycystic ovarian syndrome was given methotrexate parenterally for a suspected ectopic pregnancy at weeks of amenorrhea later a surviving intrauterine pregnancy was noted and the pregnancy continued her baby was delivered with multiple skeletal anomalies and ambiguous genitalia | MEDAL |
the or interest group orig within the society of medical decision making smdm is a multidisciplinary interest group of professionals that specializes in taking an analytical RPA to medical decision making and healthcare delivery orig is interested in leveraging mathematical methods associated with the field of operations research or to obtain datadriven solutions to complex healthcare problems and encourage collaborations across disciplines this paper introduces or for the nonexpert and draws attention to opportunities where or can be utilized to facilitate solutions to healthcare problems | MEDAL |
manifestations of cardiotoxicity in patients with acute carabamazepine poisoning treated at the clinic of toxicology and clinical pharmacology of the mma in are reported in all patients together with symptoms and signs characteristic for acute carbamezapine poisoning there have been also present disorders of the CVS the most common clinical signs of cardiotoxicity have been tachycardia and hypotension and electrocardiographic ventricular extrasystoles and repolarization disorders cardiotoxic manifestations in two cases have been the vital threat for the patients after application of nonspecific and symptomatic therapy clinical and electrocardiographic signs of cardiotoxicity were withdrawn that is HR sequeles were not recorded | MEDAL |
we sought to determine whether RA VVI rv perfusion imaging with technetiumm tcm sestamibi or tetrofosmin singlephoton emission computed tomography has diagnostic benefit for rvoriginated VVI tachyarrhythmias rvt | MEDAL |
biofiltration is a relatively recent APC apc technology in which offgases containing biodegradable VOCs voc or inorganic air toxics are vented through a biologically AS material this technology has been successfully applied in germany and the netherlands in many fullscale applications to control odors voc and air toxic emissions from a wide range of industrial and public sector sources control efficiencies of more than percent have been achieved for many common air pollutants due to lower operating costs biofiltration can provide significant economic advantages over other apc technologies if applied to offgases that contain readily biodegradable pollutants in low concentrations environmental benefits include low SE requirements and the avoidance of cross media transfer of pollutants this paper reviews the PH and current status of BF outlines its underlying scientific and engineering principles and discusses the applicability of biofilters for a wide range of specific emission sources | MEDAL |
in this paper we review SF experiments performed by our laboratory rhesus monkeys were tested before and after days in orbit on cosmos flights and there was a longlasting decrease in postflight ocular counterrolling and vergence during offvertical axis rotation in one animal the orientation of optokinetic afternystagmus shifted by degrees from the spatial vertical towards the body vertical early postflight otolithocular and perceptual responses were also studied in four astronauts on the day neurolab shuttle mission sts in ocular counterrolling was unchanged in response to g and g gy centrifugation during and T3 flight and to postflight static roll tilts relative to preflight values orientation of the optokinetic nystagmus eye velocity axis to GIA gia during centrifugation was also unaltered by SE to microgravity perceptual orientation to the gia was maintained inflight and subjects did not report sensation of translation during constant velocity centrifugation these studies suggest that percepts and ocular responses to tilt are determined by sensing the body vertical relative to the gia the findings also raise the possibility that artificial gravity during the neurolab flight counteracted adaptation of these otolithocular responses | MEDAL |
this T0 describes a method of measuring the inr on native whole blood capillary samples using innovin recombinant thromboplastin modification of the reagent was necessary to compensate for the nonoptimal level of calcium in the samplereagent mixture ninetyfive percent of results obtained by the capillary blood method were no more than inr higher or inr lower than the venous blood method the effect of changes in haematocrit was minimal significant differences in results were found between the innovin and thrombotest capillary blood methods provided the reagent was properly stored there was no reagent drift and satisfactory results were obtained on samples supplied by ukneqas coagulation from previous trials the method described is a convenient simple and accurate method of measuring the inr using native capillary whole blood and innovin recombinant thromboplastin | MEDAL |
neuroblastoma nsy cells possess a HD of stereoselective delta or as determined by competition IB with hdiprenorphine and various opioid ligands scatchard analysis of hdiprenorphine saturation binding data revealed a kd nm and bmax fmolmg protein these opioid IB sites have highest affinity for delta opioid receptor selective agonists and lowest affinity for mu opioid receptor selective agonists agonist binding was CS to the presence of the monovalent cation na activation of receptor with dala dleuenkephalin dadle resulted in dosedependent inhibition of forskolinstimulated intracellular hcamp accumulation which was antagonized by naloxone but not naloxone relative potencies of various opioid agonists to inhibit intracellular camp production paralleled those observed in neuroblastoma x glioma ng hybrid cells i.c.v. of nsy cells with pertussis toxin ptx eliminated opioid agonist inhibition of aca activity chronic dadle treatment resulted in desensitization and downregulation of opioid receptor an increase in intracellular hcamp level above the control was observed in the presence of naloxone T3 chronic dadle treatment therefore opioid IB sites in neuroblastoma nsy cells possess properties of the classical delta opioid receptor type after neuroblastoma nsy was growth arrested by culturing the cells in SF medium for hr proliferation was reinitiated by addition of fetal CS fcs to and was monitored by either hthymidine incorporation or by dye viability CA it was demonstrated that naloxone and naltriben but not metenkephalin could attenuate fcsinduced proliferation in a dosedependent manner naltriben was fold more potent than naloxone to attenuate nsy proliferation the maximal level of viable cells per well was reduced with no alteration in fcs concentrationdependent stimulation of growth similar inhibition by naloxone was observed with hthymidine incorporation studies this naloxone effect was SS concentrationdependent and could be blocked by culturing nsy cells in the presence of both naloxone and metenkephalin although i.c.v. of nsy cells with pertussis toxin could attenuate fcsstimulated proliferation naloxone effect on growth was not affected by pertussis toxin pretreatment furthermore the naloxone effect was not nsy specific a similar naloxone effect was observed with neuroblastoma ne although not with NG108-15 ng nor human neuroblastoma shsyy cell lines that have been reported to contain delta or therefore activation of delta opioid receptor could modulate fcsinduced growth in some but not all neuroblastoma cell lines | MEDAL |
as hivinfected persons age the relative contribution of hiv infection combination antiretroviral therapy cart and the normal aging process to the frequent comorbidities is unknown | MEDAL |
alzheimers disease ad is a progressive degenerative disorder that currently remains extremely disabling recent work has shown that deep brain stimulation dbs has promising effects in ad patients in parallel to the clinical trials we investigated the impact of chronic dbs in xtg mice a wellestablished animal model of ad | MEDAL |
a number of experiments were conducted to investigate the interaction of the on and off pathways in the processing of globalmotion signals the stimulus employed was a variant of that used by newsome and pare journal of neuroscience in which a small subset of dots move in a common globalmotion direction in a field of randomly moving dots the threshold measure was the number of dots required to move in the globalmotion direction for that direction to be detected we found that the extraction of a globalmotion signal carried by light dots luminance above the background was impaired by the addition of dark dots luminance below the BG which did not carry the signal noise dots subthreshold summation occurs for globalmotion signals carried by CS and dark dots and a signal dot which changed luminance polarity went from light to dark did not result in a motion signaleither in the globalmotion direction or in the opposite direction reverse apparent motion from these findings we conclude that the inputs to the motion sensitive cells have matched spatial opponency the on and off pathways remain separate at this level but that they then combine to form a single pathway prior to the SE of the globalmotion signal these findings are contrary to those predicted by models which advocate squaring or fullwave rectification prior to global motion processing | MEDAL |
in order to study the critical concentration of cadmium cd in acute RD following cd male mice were injected iv with cd complexed with cysteine the critical concentration was micrograms cdg wet weight in whole kidney and it was the same as that for cdthionein cdth which may suggest that the toxicity of cdth is due to cd ions liberated from cdth in the kidneys renal cd concentration was at first higher than the critical concentration but decreased to the critical concentration by h C2 as an index for RD the uptake of paminohippurate pah by renal cortical slices in vitro was CS and showed the different timecourse from those of urinary protein and gl levels the results suggest the usefulness of pah uptake as an index incidental to the RD renal calcium levels exhibited a marked increase | MEDAL |
neutral SU gradients of supercoiled dna phix rf i were used to measure the in IVP of SB by the carcinogen nacetoxyacetylaminofluorene acoaaf treatment with acoaaf in dimethyl sulfoxide did not directly yield strand breaks breaks in relatively low yield appeared after alkali treatment ph min of the rf i previously reacted with acoaaf the dna treated with acoaaf was CS to singlestrand breakage by nm nearultraviolet light under neutral conditions the greater the prior acoaaf treatment the greater the sensitivity to nm light postirradiation alkali treatment greatly enhanced the lightinduced strand breakage | MEDAL |
methods were developed that allow invasion of sporozoites from simian malaria parasite species plasmodium cynomolgi p knowlesi p coatneyi p inui p gonderi p fragile and the cellcycle kinetics exhibited a significant difference between the groups studied the average generation time agt was longer in the highly exposed group the percentages of chromosomal aberrations and the frequencies of sisterchromatid exchanges were similar in both populations although complex aberrations were more frequent in the highly exposed group which also showed a higher average variation frequency in the hgprt CA but the latter observations were not statistically significant the lag in LP could mean an impairment of the immune response due to arsenic exposure | MEDAL |
the present study evaluates the metabolism of Glx by normal rat kidney nrk cells the major aim was to evaluate the effect of acute acidosis on the metabolism of CAA and ammonia formation by cultured nrk cells experiments at either ph or were conducted with phosphatebuffered saline supplemented with either mm nglutamine nglutamine or nglutamate incubation with either glutamine or glutamate as a F0 showed that production of ammonia and glucose was increased significantly at ph vs the disappearance QTc of glutamine and glu was linear during a min incubation at either ph in experiments with nglutamine we found that approximately and of ammonia n was derived from n of glutamine at ph and respectively experiments with nglutamine or nglutamate indicated that approximately and of n glutamine and glutamate n utilization respectively was accounted for by ammonia production at ph similarly and of nh was derived from n of glutamine or glu n by activity of glutamate dehydrogenase at ph in addition to nh formation three L1 metabolic pathways of nglutamine or nglutamate disposal were identified transamination reactions involving the phindependent formation of n aspartate and nalanine the synthesis of nhadenine nucleotide a process more AS at ph vs and glutamine synthesis from nglutamate especially at ph the data indicate that nrk cells in culture consume Glx and generate ammonia and various amino acids depending on the h concentration in the media the studies suggest that these cell lines may provide a useful MM for studying various aspects of the effect of ph on rat renal ammoniagenesis | MEDAL |
the human tropomyosin tpm gene was previously localized to chromosome the nonmuscle isoform of the tpm gene product becomes fused to a gene product from the tyrosine kinase receptor gene ntrk previously localized to qq to generate an active oncogene two sequence tagged sites spanning three exons and two introns in the carboxy coding region of the gene were used to localize tpm to qq by fluorescence in situ hybridization this localization now places the ntrk and tpm genes in close proximity so that a gene F0 rearrangement would not be cytologically detected the qq localization of tpm is within the nem locus associated with AD NM making tpm a candidate for this disorder | MEDAL |
dendritic cells dcs are the only apcs capable of initiating adaptive immune responses the initiation of immune responses requires that dcs internalize and present ags and undergo a differentiation process called maturation which transforms dcs into efficient apcs dc maturation may be initiated by the engagement of different surface receptors including certain cytokine receptors such as tnfr tolllike receptors cd and fcrs the early activation events that link receptor engagement and dc maturation are not well characterized we found that fcr engagement by immune complexes induced the phosphorylation of syk a protein IMT kinase acting immediately downstream of fcrs syk was dispensable for dc differentiation in vitro and in vivo but was strictly required for immune complexes internalization and subsequent ag presentation to t lymphocytes importantly syk was also required for the induction of dc maturation and il production after fcr engagement but not after engagement of other surface receptors such as tnfr or tolllike receptors therefore protein tyrosine phosphorylation by syk represents a novel pathway for the induction of dc maturation | MEDAL |
hemorrhagic SH is associated with increased lung water accumulation AA to loss of integrity of the AM capillary membrane whether this increased permeability of the AM capillary membrane occurs during SH or T3 resuscitation with intravenously administered fluids remains controversial in an attempt to answer this question we measured the movement of various molecular weight substances from pulmonary capillaries to the fluid filled alveolus using an in vivo saline solution filled dog lung MM during hemorrhage ttime to per cent equilibration between blood and alveolar liquiddecreased for urea and dextrans of and molecular weight there was no change compared with the base L1 figures for dextran molecular weight and albumin molecular weight in addition during hemorrhage lung liquidbut not bloodhistamine C2 increased significantly we conclude that hemorrhagic hypotension leads to increased permeability of the AM capillary membrane to molecular weight substances less than molecular weight this increased permeability may be mediated by histamine | MEDAL |
the properties of the aldosterone antagonists spironolactone and potassium canrenoate in tablet formulations were examined in two studies in HS the first T0 comparing C2 of their common major metabolite canrenone in plasma and the second study comparing the pharmacological activity of the two drugs in reversing the renal effects of the synthetic mineralocorticoid fludrocortisone at equal dosage by weight potassium canrenoate yielded Cmax and Az under the curve for canrenone in plasma which were significantly lower than those for spironolactone and the peak level of canrenone was reached significantly later comparison with published work suggests that the experimental formulation of potassium canrenoate had low bioavailability spironolactone produced statistically valid log DRCs against fludrocortisone as regards sodium excretion potassium retention and increased urine sodium to potassium ratio there was no significant log dosereponse T3 potassium canrenoate and a statistically valid estimate of relative potency could not be obtained the results of the two studies seem inconsistent with the view that canrenone alone is responsible for the pharmacological activity of both drugs and suggest that a significant part of the activity of spironolactone may be attributable to metabolites other than canrenone | MEDAL |
human papillomavirus hpv dna testing has a higher clinical sensitivity than cytology for the PCD of highgrade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia or worse cin however an improvement in specificity would be desirable as malignant transformation is induced by hpv ee oncogenes PCD of ee oncogene activity may improve specificity and be more predictive of C2 CA risk the pretect hpvproofer CA proofer norchip detects ee mrna transcripts from hpv types and with simultaneous genotypespecific identification the clinical performance of this assay was assessed in a crosssectional study of women referred for colposcopy in comparison with the HC hc qiagen test which detects dna of highrisk oncogenic hpv types collectively cervical specimens were collected in preservcyt and cytology was performed using the TP method hologic the samples were processed for hpv detection with proofer and hc and genotyping with the linear array method roche molecular systems histologyconfirmed cin served as the disease endpoint to assess the clinical performance of the tests a total of women were studied and of these were diagnosed with cin on histology the proofer assay showed a sensitivity of confidence interval ci to versus ci to for hc p and a specificity of ci to versus ci to respectively p the lower sensitivity and higher specificity of proofer for detection of cin can be attributed to the fact that this test detects the expression of ee genes beyond a threshold from a limited number of oncogenic hpv types in conclusion proofer is more specific than hc in identifying women with cin but has a lower sensitivity | MEDAL |
soon after the successful introduction of C1 oral doses of levodopa or of LD plus a decarboxylase inhibitor such as carbidopa or benserazide for the treatment of FPD it became evident that several disturbing SE were limiting the therapeutic tau of this amino acid this paper discusses novel practical approaches for the management of these levodoparelated complications these approaches include therapeutic strategies for controlled delivery of LD to the BB controlledrelease preparations rescue treatment with subcutaneous intranasal or SL administration of the dopamine agonist apomorphine and the administration of an atypical neuroleptic such as clozapine other approaches for prolonging the response of levodopa that are being used or investigated are also reviewed in this paper these include the use of levodopa prodrugs and blocking the Kd in the brain with inhibitors of monoamine oxidaseb and catecholomethyltransferase | MEDAL |
the current importance of drugs of natural origin and their different phytotherapeutical S9 are mentioned analytical aspects related to vegetable drugs and their extracts are discussed an overview is given on procedures used for the isolation of REF EDC sample preparation for highperformance liquid chromatographic analysis identification of vegetable drugs and detection of adulterants the different approaches currently employed for the standardization of extracts are presented the various aspects are discussed with the aid of illustrative exas were categorized as normal type i or those with moderate type ii or marked type iii degeneration of dendrites types ii and iii betz cells tended to be dominant in the cases of mnd whereas type i betz cells constituted the highest percentage in most of the control cases the frequently observed morphological alterations of betz cells in mnd were accumulation of LF degeneration or loss of dendrites and reactive astrocytic gliosis around the betz cell soma it was suggested that betz cell changes in mnd are not only due to aging but also to evident pathological processes since the abovementioned findings were more extensive in the mnd cases than in the control cases also the socalled lower motor neuron disease belongs to one basic disease termed motor neuron disease because the pathological changes of betz cells were observed even in cases of spinal progressive muscular atrophy CT or associated with PBP which are devoid of pyramidal tract degeneration and signs of upper motor neuron lesion | MEDAL |
within this phase ii trial of the EU organization for research and treatment of cancer we have investigated the safety and tau of pentostatin nipent supergen san ramon ca in refractory lymphoid HM pentostatin was po at a dosage of mgm every week for the first weeks then every days followed by maintenance therapy of mgm monthly for a maximum of months we have previously reported the results in t and bcell prolymphocytic leukemia bcell chronic lymphocytic one and hairy cell one this report focuses on the outcome in tcell malignancies T-CLL sézary syndrome MF and tzone lymphoma of patients with these diagnoses enrolled were evaluable for response and toxicity ie of with tcell CLL leukemia of with sézary syndrome of with MF and eight of with tzone lymphoma all patients had progressive and T3 disease sixteen patients died during the firston no linear relationship was established for the nufc membrane due to solute exclusion effects of the membrane the diameter of the inner donor chamber resembling the interstice between the muscle fiber membrane and the capillary wall membrane was calculated to be sufficiently small to eliminate the possibility of creating a statistically significant DWI barrier to the test membranes which was corroborated by theoretical modeling the structure of the in vitro DWI cell prevents any significant contribution from the unstirred water SL uwl to overall resistance thus reflecting in vivo DWI properties of hydrophilic solutes deposited intramuscularly to enter the SVR circulation it may be concluded that mvm membrane in the vitro DWI cell mimics the in vivo blood capillary ps for hydrophilic solutes of up to da | MEDAL |
ten patients with T3 GB CA were treated by arterial infusion chemotherapy seven patients had unresected tumors and three had liver metastasis T3 resection of primary RT the infusion catheterport system was implanted via the FA fluorouhy in hivpositive patients age years versus HCs age years we localized consistent patterns of subregional atrophy with an image analysis method that automatically deforms each patients scan in three dimensions to match a REF image atrophy was greatest in the posterior cerebellar vermis deficit and correlated with depression severity p corrected but not with dementia alcoholsubstance abuse cdtcell counts or viral load profound cerebellar deficits in hivaids p corrected were associated with depression suggesting a surrogate disease marker for ARV trials | MEDAL |
brainderived neurotrophic factor bdnf plays a critical role in many aspects of neuronal biology and HPC physiology and pathology and has been implicated as a potential therapeutic target in TLE tle bdnf total mrna and its six transcripts were compared in the HPC tissue of tle patients with or without HPC sclerosis HS by realtime oxidative activation of camkii causing cardiac rupture and increased mortality in mice after myocardial infarction aldosterone induces camkii oxidation by recruiting NOX and this oxidized and G1 camkii promotes matrix metalloproteinase mmp expression in cardiomyocytes myocardial camkii inhibition overexpression of methionine sulfoxide reductase a an enzyme that reduces oxidized camkii or NOX deficiency prevented aldosteroneenhanced cardiac rupture after myocardial infarction these findings show that oxidized myocardial camkii mediates the cardiotoxic effects of aldosterone on the cardiac matrix and establish camkii as a nodal signal for the neurohumoral pathways associated with poor outcomes T3 myocardial infarction | MEDAL |
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