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an ideal surrogate host for rat production of various natural products is expected to have efficient nutrient utilization fast growth abundant precursors and energy supply and a pronounced gene expression streptomyces albus bk is a highyield industrial strain producing typei polyketide salinomycin with a unique ability of bean oil utilization its potential of being a surrogate host for heterologous production of pks was engineered and evaluated herein firstly introduction of a threegene cassette for the biosynthesis of ethylmalonylcoa resulted in accumulation of ethylmalonylcoa precursor and salinomycin and subsequent deletion of the salinomycin biosynthetic gene cluster resulted in a host with rich supplies of common polyketide precursors including malonylcoa methylmalonylcoa and ethylmalonylcoa secondly the energy and reducing force were measured and the improved accumulation of atp and nadph was observed in the mutant furthermore the strength of a series of selected endogenous promoters based on microarray data was assessed at different growth phases and a strong constitutive promoter was identified providing a useful tool for further engineered mRNA finally the potential of the bk derived host zxj was evaluated with the introduction of the actinorhodin biosynthetic gene cluster from streptomyces coelicolor and the rat production of actinorhodin was obtained this work clearly indicated the potential of the highyield salinomycin producer as a surrogate host for heterologous production of polyketides although more genetic manipulation should be conducted to streamline its performance | MEDAL |
children with mandibular fracture were treated at our hospital between and CSD and treatment of the fractures focus on a new classification based upon the stage of the dentition site of the fracture and MSD of the toothbearing part of the mandible the treatment rationale includes IMF by specially designed miniarch bars with acrylic resin stiffening in cases with undisplaced fractures in the early stages of the dentition with the help of this technique invasive procedures for fracture immobilization become less common the indication for miniplate osteosynthesis is limited to displaced or multiple fractures of the toothbearing part of the mandible the combination of miniplates and monomaxillary splinting with miniarch bars allows a shorter duration of intermaxillary fixation and hence early functional treatment of additional condylar fractures correctly applied miniplates neither injure the tooth germs nor lead to growth disturbances of the mandible the classification and treatment of mandibular fractures in children are discussed | MEDAL |
varicellazoster virus and herpes simplex virus types and are neurotropic viruses that can be reactivated T3 a surgical or stressful MI although such cases are uncommon consequences can be debilitating and variable treatment responses merit consideration we describe a yearold male with a PH of varicellamediated skin eruptions who presented with continuing RA arm pain burning and numbness in a c dermatomal CSD following a c anterior cervical discectomy and F0 and epidural steroid injections the operative course was uncomplicated and he was discharged home on postoperative day approximately ten days after surgery the patient presented to the emergency department complaining of severe pain in his right upper extremity and a vesicular rash from his elbow to his second digit he was started on ACV and discharged home on outpatient followup his rash had resolved though his pain continued the patient was started on a neuromodulating agent for chronic pain this case adds to the limited literature regarding this rare complication brings attention to the symptoms for proper diagnosis and treatment and emphasizes the importance of prompt antiviral therapy we suggest adding a neuromodulating agent to prevent longterm sequelae and resolve acute symptoms | MEDAL |
the aim of the current investigation was to examine the barriers encountered by tasmanian RNs when attempting to provide optimal pain management the impact of nurse satisfaction with their professional relationship with physicians during pain management on the types of barriers encountered was also examined a total of registered nurses completed a item survey that examined the types of barriers encountered during pain management in addition data were gathered on nurses satisfaction with their professional relationship with physicians during pain management more than onethird of the respondents indicated that they had encountered at least one type of barrier to providing optimal pain relief including insufficient cooperation by physicians and inadequate prescriptions of analgesic medications nurses who did not feel adequately consulted by physicians were significantly more likely to encounter barriers such as insufficient cooperation by patients physicians and inadequate prescription of analgesic medications the barriers to ERP pain management encountered by nurses were affected by their relationship with physicians education for both nurses and physicians concerning the role of the nurse in the workplace will help to ensure that nurses encounter fewer barriers during pain management optimal pain management practice will result if guidelines for dealing effectively with barriers are tailored to the specific type of institution and the unit within those institutions | MEDAL |
selfregulation has been identified as an area of difficulty for those with mental retardation the goodman lock box provides measures of two critical aspects of selfregulationplanfulness and maintenance of goaldirected behavior in this T0 the lock box performance of children with down syndrome was compared with that of TD children matched for mental age months children in both groups showed similar levels of competence planfulness and distractibility however children with down syndrome displayed more taskavoidant SMB some issues related to the measurements obtained from the lock box are raised | MEDAL |
the objective of this T0 was to evaluate the effect of creatine supplementation on muscle and plasma markers of oxidative stress T3 acute aerobic exercise a total of WR were divided into two CG control group n and creatinesupplemented group n creatine supplementation consisted of the addition of creatine monohydrate to the diet T3 days the rats performed an acute moderate AE bout h swimming with of total body weight load the animals were killed before pre and at and h n after acute exercise as expected plasma and total muscle creatine concentrations were significantly higher p in the creatinesupplemented group compared to control acute exercise increased plasma thiobarbituric acid reactive species tbars and total lipid hydroperoxide the same was observed in the soleus and gastrocnemius muscles creatine supplementation decreased these markers in plasma tbars pre h h and h plasma total lipid hydroperoxide pre h h and h decrease also acute exercise decreased the gshgssg ratio in soleus muscle which was prevented by creatine supplementation soleus pre h h and h prevention the results show that creatine supplementation inhibits increased oxidative stress markers in plasma and muscle induced by acute exercise | MEDAL |
our clinical experience with loop electrosurgical excision as therapy for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia cin in women infected with human immunodeficiency virus is described information for this analysis was obtained from a retrospective chart review of all women with biopsyconfirmed cin treated by loop electrosurgical excision who attended our colposcopy clinic during january to september outcomes in women known to be hivseropositive were compared to those in women of unknown hiv serostatus patients included in the analysis were followed for at least months or until the documentation of recurrentpersistent cin and all had at least one PT colposcopic examination including endocervical curettage and cervical biopsy of any acetowhite lesions recurrentpersistent cin following loop excision was documented in of hivinfected women compared with of women of unknown serostatus or p hivinfected women had a significantly higher rate of recurrentpersistent cin than women of unknown serostatus regardless of grade of cin in HIV+ women recurrentpersistent cin following loop excision developed in of with cd tlymphocyte counts cellsmicroliters compared to of with cd counts or cellsmicroliters p loop electrosurgical excision has a high failure rate in hivinfected women and this failure rate may increase as the level of immunosuppression increases | MEDAL |
left atrial appendage laa occlusion has been introduced into clinical practice as a valuable alternative to oral anticoagulation for stroke prevention in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation in this case presentation we describe the first laa occlusion in greece using the amplatzer amulet device we also briefly discuss issues related to procedural safety and multimodality imaging for laa occlusion | MEDAL |
nicholas large white turkey poults were used in three experiments to reevaluate the niacin requirement between and days of age in experiment turkey poults were assigned to six dietary treatments and mg of supplemental niacinkg basal diet eight replicates of eight birdspen equal numbers of male and female poults were used per diet in experiment birds were assigned to the same dietary treatment as in the first experiment except for the mg niacin treatment in experiment turkey poults were assigned to six dietary treatments and mg of supplemental niacinkg of feed the basal diet with no added niacin was a cornsoybean meal diet calculated to contain CP the analyses of tryptophan were and and of niacin were and mgkg in the basal diets of experiments and respectively using the brokenline technique to determine the minimum niacin requirement for maximum body growth at days of age and taking into consideration the dietary supplemental niacin needed to prevent leg abnormalities it was estimated that the minimum dietary niacin requirement for turkey poults from day to days of age was mgkg of feed feed NI was maximized and feed conversion was improved in a parallel fashion to growth the incidence of leg disorders decreased in number and severity as supplemental niacin was increased in the diet | MEDAL |
multiple endocrine neoplasia type a results from an activating germline mutation in the ret protooncogene carriers of a ret mutation are at risk of medullion there is no evidence for mn occupancy of site and the greater activity of these lowmn samples on a permn basis implies that the mnivfeiiiβ is at least the more AS of the two oxidized forms and may be the only active form | MEDAL |
it is known that VE and some carotenoids have antioxidant MICs that alleviate EC dysfunction and play a protective role against cardiovascular disease the current T0 was designed to examine the hypothesis that astaxanthin a red pigment carotenoid found in salmonid and crustacean aquaculture protects strokeprone spontaneously hypertensive rats shrsp from vascular oxidative damage hypertension and CBF thrombosis male weekold shrsp were classified into groups a control group astaxanthin CG and a VE group the treated animals were given either astaxanthin or VE for weeks body weights in each group were not significantly different from control group during the treatment period but the usual increase in systolic blood pressure in shrsp observed with age was significantly suppressed by treatment thrombogenesis assessed using a heliumneon hene laser technique in pial blood vessels together with antioxidant activity assessed by measuring urinary ohdg C2 were significantly moderated urinary nitric oxide no metabolites were increased T3 treatment these results supported our hypothesis and strongly suggested that the antithrombotic and antihypertensive effects of astaxanthin or VE may be related to an increase in bioavailable no possibly mediated by decreased inactivation of no by reactive oxygen species | MEDAL |
rosacea is a chronic skin condition characterized by persistent central facial erythema to explore the burden of illness of rosacea in us adults a crosssectional webbased survey was conducted participants answered questions on sociodemographics clinical characteristics bothersome symptoms coping and avoidance behaviors selfperceptions and health care resource utilization and completed SQ of life instruments the item rosaceaspecific quality of l individual differences in capacity an open question however is whether neural measures of load also track trialbytrial fluctuations in performance here we used a wholereport WM task to test the relationship between cda amplitude and working SM performance if working memory failures are due to decisionbased errors and retrieval failures cda amplitude would not differentiate good and poor performance trials when load is held constant if failures arise during storage then cda amplitude should track both WM load and trialbytrial performance as expected cda amplitude tracked load experiment reaching an asymptote at three items in experiment we tracked fluctuations in trialbytrial performance cda amplitude was larger more negative for highperformance trials compared with lowperformance trials suggesting that fluctuations in performance were related to the successful storage of items during working memory failures participants oriented their attention to the correct side of the screen lateralized p and maintained covert attention to the correct side during the delay period lateralized alpha SP suppression despite the preservation of attentional orienting we found impairments consistent with an executive attention theory of individual differences in WMC fluctuations in executive control indexed by pretrial FC theta power may be to blame for storage failures | MEDAL |
the chorionic bump is a rare abnormality of the gestational sac presenting as a convex bulge from the choriodecidual surface into the sac correlated with poor prognosis for the pregnancy we report a case of a yearold Pr woman with a history of spontaneous abortion who presented for an early scan a weeks and days of gestation the pregnancy was spontaneous and unplanned the patient conceived in less than months T3 discontinuing oral contraceptives no folic acid was taken before or in the pregnancy an ultrasound scan revealed a chorionic bump with a hypoechoic center and echogenic border measuring x x mm no motion within the chorionic bump was detected upon color and power doppler examination the second scan was performed a week later at wks the chorionic bump had not changed in terms of size and sonographic appearance an acranial fetus of crl mm was diagnosed at wks the concentration of free betahcg was iul corresponding to mom and pappa levels were iul corresponding to mom after counseling the patient opted for TOP very few cases of chorionic bumps have been described so far and to the best of our knowledge its coexistence with neural tube defects has been reported for the first time we postulate a possibility of an underlying pathological mechanism for such coexistence the chorionic bump is a focal convex bulge with irregular borders protruding from the choriodecidual surface into the GS and with different degrees of echogenicity usually a hypoechoic middle describing targeted ms assays for MMP frequently do not contain sufficient information for readers to establish confidence that the tests work as intended or to be able to apply the tests described in their own labs guidance must be developed so that targeted ms assays with established performance can be made widely distributed and applied by many labs worldwide to begin to address the problems and their solutions a workshop was held at the national institutes of health with representatives from the multiple communities developing and employing targeted ms assays participants discussed the analytical goals of their experiments and the exp evidence needed to establish that the assays they develop work as intended and are achieving the required levels of performance using this fitforpurpose RPA the group defined three tiers of assays distinguished by their performance and extent of analytical characterization computational and statistical tools useful for the analysis of targeted ms results were described participants also detailed the information that authors need to provide in their manuscripts to enable reviewers and readers to clearly understand what procedures were performed and to evaluate the reliability of the peptide or protein quantification measurements reported this paper presents a summary of the meeting and recommendations | MEDAL |
we studied the effect of the selective SRI ssri paroxetine on the immobility time in the forced swimming test using different strains of mice icr ddy cbl balbc and dba there was a difference between strains in the response to paroxetine although it induced antiimmobility effects in all strains of mice used the mouse CS most sensitive to paroxetine was dba the icr CS showed the lowest sensitivity we previously demonstrated variations in the responses to another ssri fluvoxamine in different strains of mice which was in PA with the present findings in dba and icr mice the antiimmobility effects of paroxetine were significantly antagonized by the selective hta receptor antagonist nmethoxyphenylpiperazinylethylnpyridinylcyclohexanecarboxamide way the noradrenergic αadrenoceptor antagonist prazosin significantly reduced the antiimmobility effects elicited by a high dose mgkg of paroxetine in dba and icr mice however prazosin did not affect the antiimmobility effects of a lower dose of paroxetine mgkg in dba mice this suggests that the antiimmobility effects of a higher dose of paroxetine in mice are associated with serotonergic and noradrenergic SN prazosin did not the affect antiimmobility effects of fluvoxamine these results suggest that there are differences between mice strains in the antidepressantlike effects of paroxetine which are similar to those elicited by fluvoxamine moreover involvement of the noradrenergic system was partly related to the antiimmobility effects of paroxetine which are different to those elicited by fluvoxamine | MEDAL |
actinomycosis is an infrequent chronic progressive granulomatous and suppurative disease this infection is caused by actinomyces israelii normally present in HI we present a rare case of a combined intra and extra ABD actinomycosis in a year old female patient with no underlying predisposing AF the patient complained of a right lower quadrant pain although we first diagnosed a periappendiceal abscess the ct scan suggested a right colon tumor the patient underwent segmental colectomy and the histological examination of the specimen revealed colon actinomycosis a review of the possible pathogenesis and therapeutic modalities is also presented | MEDAL |
gabacontaining gabaergic interneurons play an important role in the CF of the cerebral cortex through mostly inhibitory mechanisms interneurons control hyperexcitability and synchronize and shape the spatiotemporal dynamics of cortical activity underlying various brain functions studies over the past years have demonstrated that in most mammals interneurons originate during development from the subcortical telencephalonthe subpalliumand reach the CBF cortex through tangential migration until now interneurons have been demonstrated to derive exclusively from two subpallial regions the medial GE and the caudal ganglionic eminence here we show that another subpallial structure the POA area is a novel source of cortical gabaergic interneurons in the mouse in utero labeling and genetic lineagetracing experiments demonstrate that SN born in this region migrate to the neocortex and hippocampus where they differentiate into a distinct population of gabaergic interneurons with relatively uniform neurochemical morphological and EP properties | MEDAL |
the present review summarized the state of our knowledge on GC their mechanisms of action pharmacological effects pharmacokinetics and adverse effects oral CS are very ERP in treatment of asthma however when given in more than low doses and for a prolonged time they may have quite serious side effects the pharmacology of inhaled CS is described new inhaled glucocorticosteroids like budesonide and FLU are readily absorbed from the airway mucosa into the blood but are rapidly biotransformed in the liver into au inactive metabolite obviously the greatly reduces the risk of systemic SE that exist with older GC eg dexamethasone | MEDAL |
in a retrospective longitudinal T0 we report on children with cerebral palsy whose physiotherapy T3 bobath lasted up to the age of three delayed psychomotor and speech OD numerous behaviour disorders and learning disabilities and a high rate of consulting the child psychiatrist school psychologist or speech therapist prove that they are really children at risk the children often cannot cope with the demands of normal school and attend special classes severity of cp becomes less social class more important during the course of development three developmental types with different frequencies are described followed by practical suggestions | MEDAL |
SA of hart rhythm R2 makes possible assessment of the state SP of autonomic innervation of the heart the reported study was carried out in patients women with migraine the studies were done in times between migraine attacks the control group comprised clinically healthy subjects in most patients over the sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation of the heart was weaker than in healthy subjects and the index of automatic equilibrium in the SN was lower than in controls | MEDAL |
after successful surgery for SI detrusor instability can develop in a previously SD bladder a review of six studies with a total of patients is presented sixtyeight of these patients developed de novo di the prevalence varied from to in the different studies the highest cure rate was the lowest it is concluded that the prevalence of de novo di may be dependent on the details of the cystometric and surgical technique as well as unknown patient characteristics since the exact pathophysiologic mechanism of this phenomenon is unknown it is difficult to predict it preoperatively in the individual patient | MEDAL |
the effects of molecular liposomal hybrid compositions consisting of liposomes nm containing oxidized dextrans dextranals kda conjugated with isonicotinic acid hydrazide dextrazides their components and native dextrans on the production of granulocytic macrophage csf by peritoneal macrophages were studied in vitro dextranals proved to be more potent inductors of granulocytic macrophage csf than native dextrans conjugation of nicotinic acid hydrazide with dextranals did not modify their capacity to stimulate the production of granulocytic macrophage csf liposomes in the molecular liposomal hybrid compositions did not attenuate the dextrazide capacity to stimulate the production of granulocytic macrophage csf molecular liposomal compositions containing kda dextrazide exhibited the most potent stimulatory effect on macrophage production of granulocytic macrophage csf | MEDAL |
the secreted form of the halogenating glycoenzyme CPO is processed from a precursor containing a residuelong moderately hydrophobic signal sequence at an atypical glnglu peptide bond following cleavage the NT glutamic acid readily cyclizes into pyroglutamic acid chloroperoxidase contains two highmannose nglycosylation CS identified as asn and asn other modifications include deamidation of residues asn asn and gln into the corresponding acids finally structural arguments suggest that cys may be the axial heme ligand in the AS site of CPO | MEDAL |
PG an orally po antimalarial drug was given to individuals mg daily for days the antimalarial activity in plasma samples collected after the drug administration was then determined by bioassay concentrations of proguanil and CG the principal active metabolite in these samples were also measured by high performance liquid chromatography a regression analysis was then performed on these variables to determine if the antimalarial activity of the samples was due to PG alone or to PG and cycloguanil together the analysis indicated that cycloguanil is the main determinant of antimalarial activity T3 PG administration and that the activity of CG is not influenced by the presence of PG | MEDAL |
the fast fourier transform fft was employed to analyze the frequency spectra of the S2 in HS the data obtained show that the second heart sound is mainly composed of lowfrequency vibrations and that the frequency vs amplitude spectra for the various filters do not exceed hz the different spectra obtained can represent a useful reference to compare with pathological acoustical findings | MEDAL |
in vascular neurosurgery there is a demand for intraoperative imaging of blood vessels as well as for rapid information about critical impairment of BB perfusion this study was conducted to analyze the feasibility of intraoperative ct angiography and BB perfusion mapping using an uptodate multislice ct scanner in a prospective pilot series | MEDAL |
the accurate prediction of vibrational wavenumbers for functional groups involved in hydrogenbonded bridges remains an important challenge for computational spectroscopy for the specific case of the co and nh stretching modes of nucleobases and their oligomers the paucity of exp REF values needs to be compensated by reliable computational data which require the use of approaches going beyond the standard harmonic FEO MM test computations performed for model systems formamide acetamide and their cyclic homodimers in the FR of the second order vibrational perturbation theory vpt confirmed that anharmonic corrections can be safely computed by global hybrid ghf or double hybrid dhf functionals whereas the harmonic part is particularly challenging as a matter of fact ghfs perform quite poorly and even dhfs while fully satisfactory for co stretchings face unexpected difficulties when dealing with nh stretchings on these grounds a LR for nh stretchings has been obtained and validated for the heterodimers formed by aminopyrimidine with methylpyrimidinone apmmpmn and by uracil with water in view of the good performance of this computational model we have built a training set of bplypdmaugccpvtz harmonic wavenumbers including linear regression scaling for nh for sixdifferent uracil dimers and a validation set including apmmpmn one of the most SD hydrogenbonded adenine homodimers as well as the adenineuracil adeninethymine guaninecytosine and adeninethiouracil heterodimers because of the unfavourable scaling of dhf harmonic wavenumbers with the dimensions of the investigated systems we have optimized a LR of blypdnd harmonic wavenumbers for the training set which has been next checked against the validation set this relatively cheap model which shows very good PA with experimental data average errors of about cm paves the route toward a reliable analysis of spectroscopic signatures for larger polynucleotides | MEDAL |
it is shown that the signal CS of carp preproinsulin is PET with the dog pancreatic signal recognition particle srp both when present at its normal location at the aminoterminus of the protein or when engineered to an internal location inhibition of translation by srp in the absence of microsomal CM reconstitution by srp of the translocation competence of highsalt inactivated microsomes and signal peptide cleavage all occur with the signal CS being preceded by a highly charged peptide segment of amino acid residues the distance from the aminoterminus to the cleavage site of the signal peptidase is increased to residues | MEDAL |
carrageenan an algal polygalactan reputed to be selectively toxic for macrophages is widely employed as a tool to dissect pathways of cellmediated immunity in the present T0 corn oilelicited rat peritoneal macrophages T3 h culture with microgramsml seakem carrageenan secreted a soluble suppressor factor capable of abrogating tcell activation by phytohemagglutininp pha addition of the prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors indomethacin or ETA etya prevented inhibitor synthesis by carrageenanconditioned macrophages seakem and lambda carrageenans added directly into SP cell cultures failed to diminish LP but rather stimulated spleen cell division macrophages cultured with low concentrations of carrageenan appeared to be G1 on the basis of enhanced tumoristatic capacity against schmidtruppin sarcoma cells thus macrophages activated by low concentrations of carrageenan in vitro appear to secrete a product of AA acid metabolism which is a potent inhibitor of phainduced SP cell mitogenesis | MEDAL |
the use of acetate rather than succinate as a blocking group in diaminopimelate biosynthesis has been found only in species of the genus bacillus | MEDAL |
we recorded the responses of single delaytuned SN in the dorsal fringe df area and the fmfm area of the auditory SC of the mustached bat using multibarreled carbonfiber electrodes an iontophoretic application of nmethyldaspartate nmda or kainate ka to a df neuron evoked a burst of discharges from the neuron the burst of discharges evoked by nmda was always smaller than that evoked by ka simultaneous application of daminophosphonovalerate apv with nmda and ka abolished the nmdaevoked but not the kaevoked discharges apv did not evoke any significant changes in the AEP responses of out of the delaytuned SN studied in the df area and in all neurons studied in the fmfm area in the remaining four df neurons however apv either increased the initial discharges of their AEP response or decreased the late discharges of their response these results indicate that in the majority of neurons in the df and fmfm areas nmda receptors do not play a significant release atrial natriuretic peptide anpergic neurons have their cell HB in the paraventricular nucleus and in a region extending rostrally and ventrally to the anteroventral third ventricular avv region with axons which project to the median eminence and NL of the pituitary gland these SN act to inhibit water and salt NI by blocking the action of angiotensin ii they also act T3 their PR into hypophyseal portal vessels to inhibit stressinduced acth release to augment prolactin PR and to inhibit the release of lhrh and GRF stimulation of neurons in the avv region causes natriuresis and an increase in circulating anp whereas lesions in the avv region and caudally in the median eminence or NL decrease resting anp PR and the response to blood volume expansion the anp neurons play a crucial role in blood volume expansioninduced PR of anp and natriuresis since this response can be blocked by intraventricular v injection of antisera directed against the peptide blood volume expansion activates baroreceptor input via the carotid aortic and renal baroreceptors which provides stimulation of noradrenergic SN in the locus coeruleus and possibly also serotonergic SN in the raphe nuclei these project to the hypothalamus to activate ACh neurons which then stimulate the anpergic SN the anp SN stimulate the oxytocinergic SN in the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei to PR oxytocin from the neural lobe which circulates to the atria to stimulate the release of anp anp causes a rapid reduction in effective circulating blood volume by releasing cyclic gmp which dilates peripheral vessels and also acts within the HR to slow its rate and atrial force of contraction the released anp circulates to the kidney where it acts through cyclic gmp to produce natriuresis and a return to normal blood volume | MEDAL |
the patient was referred for prenatal diagnosis due to the US finding of a polymalformed male fetus and an amniocentesis was performed before termination of pregnancy the pathological T0 of the placenta did not show morphological alterations in her next pregnancy US examination disclosed a missed abortion with a visible embryo and a CV sample was obtained for cytogenetic analysis before evacuation macroscopic examination of the villi sample did not reveal molar vesicular appearance qfpcr and cytogenetic analyses were performed on amniotic fluid first pregnancy and chorionic villi samples second pregnancy a xxy and xxxy karyotype was found respectively qfpcr results disclosed maternal and PWS alleles in the first pregnancy digynic triploidy and double maternal and double paternal contribution to the tetraploid pregnancy among the few reported cases of xxxy tetraploidy those associated with partial moles show a pppm genotype PWS and maternal alleles and the only case with a ppmm TT was found in a spontaneously aborted fetus similar to our case we are not aware of other cases with combination of a digynic triploid pregnancy and a tetraploid pregnancy with a ppmm contribution our case adds evidence to the influence of the balance between PWS and maternal genomic doses on the phenotype | MEDAL |
the intestinal absorption of iron was measured in patients suffering from idiopathic HFE by using a double radiotracer technique for each patient iron absorption was determined in the fasting state ie under basal conditions and after an oral indigestible fiber load gm of BS with either pectin group i eight patients or cellulose group ii five patients the results were compared with those from a group of seven NCs investigated under basal conditions the patients with haemochromatosis groups i and ii had a significant increase in the basal value of fractional iron absorption as compared with controls in the patients oic hyperpolarizing slow ipsp one and a muscarinic depolarizing slow epsp one respectively cAMP may not be involved in the generation of slow ipsp whereas it certainly mediates the dopamineinduced enduring modulatory enhancement of the slow epsp response cyclic gmp appears to mediate at least one of the components in the mechanism underlying the slow epsp by generating a depolarization with no NC in membrane conductance cyclic gmp does additionally regulate the dopamine for cyclic ampinduced modulatory enhancement of the slow epsp by antagonizing it in a uniquely timedependent fashion | MEDAL |
illusory parasitosis better known as delusional parasitosis is a NP syndrome in which patients have the belief of suffering a parasitic disease that can not be demonstrated T3 an exhaustive medical T0 these patients are characterized by being polyconsultants in different medical specialties and many of them have antecedents of psychiatric disorders some of them undiagnosed knowing the existence of the clinical picture diagnosing early and empathizing with the patient could give to clinician some clues for a timely and assertive psychiatric referral and improve patient adherence to the proposed treatment | MEDAL |
we followed the expression of several glutathione stransferase subunits in altered foci CL neoplasms and metastases produced in F344 rats by a modified soltfarber protocol to determine whether components of the resistant phenotype are lost during neoplastic progression at mo T3 initiation altered foci and persistent nodules displayed increased immunohistochemical expression of glutathione stransferase subunits yf piclass ya alphaclass and yb muclass in comparison with normal or surrounding CL tissue however although most altered foci exhibited little change in glutathione stransferase yb muclass S1 expression of yfpositive foci and nodules were partially or completely deficient in yb expression at and mo after initiation most grossly visible hepatocellular tumors retained induced expression of glutathione stransferase subunits yf ya and yb but of the carcinomas of the primary M1 carcinomas and of the PM were deficient in yb expression these differences in glutathione stransferase subunit expression were confirmed by quantitative analysis by RP-HPLC of shexylglutathione affinitypurified GSTs from advanced tumors cytosolic glutathione stransferase activity for transphenylbutenone in advanced tumors ranged from to of the activity in matched surrounding CL whereas glutathione stransferase activities for chlorodinitrobenzene were increased by to these studies demonstrate that progression of HCC carcinomas in the RH model of carcinogenesis in which several glutathione stransferase subunits are induced is associated with the loss of a L1 constitutive muclass hepatic glutathione stransferase although the mechanism and role of the reduction or loss of glutathione stransferase yb during malignant progression are unknown we propose that loss of glutathione stransferase yb in some preneoplastic populations of HCs might be conducive to further dna damage by presently unknown environmental or endogenous EDC that are normally detoxified preferentially by glutathione stransferase isoenzymes containing this subunit | MEDAL |
medicaid managed care has been touted as an important vehicle for increasing physician participation in medicaid although there is anecdotal evidence that the opportunity to participate in medicaid via managed care increases physician participation no empirical study has validated the claim this T0 explores the relationship between MMC penetration at the countylevel and the likelihood that a physician practicing in that county will participate in medicaid | MEDAL |
here a novel electrochemical method for the rapid PCD of antihiv antibodies in serum is presented the novelty lies in the combination of allosteric enzymes and coulometry to yield a fast simple and reliable hiv diagnostic method we have used a previously developed betagalactosidase enzyme that is efficiently G1 by antihiv antibodies directed against a major bcell epitope of the gp glycoprotein when these antibodies bind the enzyme the d conformation changes positively affecting the performance of the active site and consequently the CEA is stimulated using aminophenyl betadgalactopyranoside papg as substrate yields paminophenol pap which is reversibly oxidised at a very mild potential ca v vs agagcl over a range of electrode materials within the working ph range of betagalactosidase in the present case photolithographically produced microelectrode arrve anemia among surgical patients preoperative anemia has been linked to an increased postoperative morbidity and mortality as well as a decreased SQ of life of surgical patients in addition a low preoperative hemoglobin constitutes an important predictive factor of allogeneic blood transfusion in L1 surgery we evaluated the tau of intravenous iron sucrose ivis administration for correction of anemia in these patient populations | MEDAL |
the present T0 examined whether processing words with affective connotations in a listeners native language may be modulated by accented speech to address this question we used the event related potential erp technique and recorded the CBF activity of spanish native listeners who performed a semantic categorization task while listening to positive negative and neutral words produced in standard spanish or in four foreign accents the behavioral results yielded longer latencies for emotional than for neutral words in both native and foreignaccented speech with no difference between positive and negative words the electrophysiological results replicated previous findings from the emotional language literature with the amplitude of the LPC lpc associated with emotional language processing being larger more positive for emotional than for neutral words at posterior scalp sites interestingly foreignaccented speech was found to interfere with the processing of positive valence and go along with a N1 bias possibly suggesting heightened attention to negative words the manipulation employed in the present study provides an interesting perspective on the effects of accented speech on processing affectiveladen information it shows that higher order semantic processes that involve emotionrelated aspects are sensitive to a speakers accent | MEDAL |
plasma levels of granulocyte PE in complex with alpha proteinase inhibitor during hemodialysis were investigated in patients years undergoing maintenance hemodialysis months with dialyzers made from cellulose hydrate cuprophan polymethylmethacrylate ethylenevinyl alcohol copolymer and polyacrylonitrile cellulose hydrate membrane caused a maximal increase of the plasma levels of granulocyte PE in complex with alpha proteinase inhibitor ealpha pi ngml patients dialyzed with polyacrylonitrile dialyzers failed to exhibit comparable plasma levels of granulocyte elastase ealpha pi ngml during hemodialysis plasma ealpha pi values rose to a peak ngml in patients on polymethylmethacrylate dialyzers to ngml on cuprophan dialyzers but to only ngml on ethylenevinyl alcohol copolymer dialyzers plasma lysozyme C2 decreased significantly in the presence of polyacrylonitrile and polymethylmethacrylate membranes we conclude that the degree of pmns stimulation depns | MEDAL |
an experimental study was performed comparing polypropylene and polyglycolic acid sutures in vasovasostomy an indwelling entirely intraluminal splint of pe tubing was used which was surgically removed three weeks postoperatively three months after vasovasostomy patency was determined by vasography eightyfive per cent patency was achieved with polyglycolic acid compared with per cent patency when polypropylene was used | MEDAL |
the inhibiting effects of sulfonamide drugs and their derivatives on the anaerobic decarboxylation of pyruvic acid by staphylococcus aureus escherichia coli bakers and brewers yeast and a carboxylase preparation from brewers yeast have been investigated these drugs are sulfanilamide sulfapyridine sulfadiazine sulfamethyldiazine sulfathiazole sulfamethylthiazole sulfanilamidoethylthiazolone aminopyrimidine aminothiazole and aminopyridine the sulfathiazole ring appears to exercise decidedly greater specific inhibiting effect on the carboxylases of staph aureus and e coli the inhibiting effect on yeast carboxylase is nondifferentiable among all the substances tried except sulfamethyldiazine which is completely ineffective on the carboxylases of the organisms studied the specific GABA effect of sulfathiazole on the carboxylases of staph aureus and e coli in comparison to sulfanilamide sulfapyridine and sulfadiazine is in harmony with in vivo and in vitro exp results of other investigators the results of the present investigation appear to support the hypothesis that sulfonamides exert their bacteriostatic action through chemical affinity for the carrier proteins of certain respiratory enzymes of the bacterial cell and that this affinity may in part be related to structural similarity between components of the drugs and the corresponding respiratory coenzymes | MEDAL |
a procedure was developed for the determination of several phenethylamines amphetamine arterenol ephedrine phenylephrine phenylpropanolamine mephentermine methoxyphenamine pseudoephedrine and tyramine using micellar mobile phases of sodium dodecyl sulfate sds a c column and uv PCD the drugs were eluted at short retention times with conventional acetonitrilewater or methanolwater mobile phases in contrast in the micellar system they were strongly retained due to association with the surfactant adsorbed on the stationary phase and needed the addition of butanol or pentanol to be eluted from the column these modifiers allowed a simple way of controlling the PR the chromatographic efficiencies obtained with the hybrid mobile phases of sdsbutanol and sdspentanol were also very high mostly in the n range significantly greater than those achieved with a conventional acetonitrilemethanolwater mobile phase butanol and pentanol yielded similar selectivities but the latter modifier permitted significantly shorter PR times than butanol and was preferred to expedite the analysis of the pharmaceuticals most binary combinations of the nine phenethylamines can be resolved with these mobile phases a mobile phase of m sds pentanol was used to assay five of the phenethylamines amphetamine ephedrine phenylephrine phenylpropanolamine and pseudoephedrine in pharmaceutical S9 which contained diverse accompanying EDC the results agreed with the declared compositions and with those obtained with a mobile phase of methanolacetonitrile m PB ph with no interferences and relative errors usually below however with the aqueousorganic mobile phase the PR time for phenylephrine was too low and could not be usually evaluated | MEDAL |
although the initiation of sexual SMB is common among adolescents and young adults some individuals express this behavior in a manner that significantly increases their risk for negative outcomes including sexually transmitted infections based on accumulating evidence we have hypothesized that increased sexual risk behavior reflects in part an imbalance between neural circuits mediating RPA and avoidance in particular as manifest by relatively increased VS vs activity and relatively decreased amygdala activity here we test our hypothesis using data from seventy to yearold university students participating in the duke neurogenetics T0 we found a significant threeway interaction between amygdala activation vs activation and gender predicting changes in the number of sexual partners over time although relatively increased vs activation predicted greater increases in sexual partners for both men and women the effect in men was contingent on the presence of relatively decreased amygdala activation and the effect in women was contingent on the presence of relatively increased amygdala activation these findings suggest unique gender differences in how complex interactions between neural circuit CF contributing to RPA and avoidance may be expressed as sexual risk SMB in young adults as such our findings have the potential to inform the development of novel genderspecific strategies that may be more effective at curtailing sexual risk behavior | MEDAL |
the class c tetracyclineh antiporter tetac confers nine distinct phenotypes in escherichia coli resistance to tetracycline reduced SC density at stationary phase growth yield increased supercoiling of plasmid dna delayed growth in succinate minimal medium complementation of potassium uptake defects increased susceptibility to cadmium increased susceptibility to fusaric acid increased susceptibility to bleomycin and increased susceptibility to several classes of cationic aminoglycoside antibiotics these nine phenotypes were resolved into three linkage CG based on their patterns of suppression by mutations of the tetac gene of plasmid pbr GI includes resistance to tetracycline increased susceptibility to cadmium and reduced growth yield group ii includes delayed growth in succinate minimal medium and complementation of potassium uptake defects group iii includes increased supercoiling of plasmid dna and increased susceptibilities to fusaric acid bleomycin and cationic AGs phenotypes of CG ii and iii but not GI also were conferred by a chimeric gene encoding a fusion between the nterminal residues of tetac and the cterminal residues of a structurallysimilar protein the e coli galactoseh symporter galp in contrast none of these phenotypes was conferred by a chimeric gene encoding a fusion between the NT residues of tetac and a structurallydissimilar protein tem betalactamase these results demonstrate that the three CG of linked phenotypes are dependent on different elements of the tetac CAA sequence implying that tetac confers these phenotypes by at least three independent mechanisms | MEDAL |
cellular growth of the abdominal fat pads from tegel tm white broiler chickens was characterized by both PH and hypertrophy of adipose cells until the chickens were approximately weeks old T3 which hypertrophy of existing adipose cearked increases during D2 CA and especially during leukemias corroborated the view that pagpm may be MZ with abnormal orosomucoid longitudinal sections during leukemias suggested that the biopterin of leukemic cells may be metabolically related to the pteridine moiety of pagpm biopterin determinations by means of crithidia CA in the blood of cases of ST showed that due to its high rate of renal clearance blood biopterin is not a reliable and persistent marker for proliferative activity unless it is contained in the immature blood cells themselves as is the case during leukemias | MEDAL |
patients with lung CA face concurrent risks of their disease by local regional as well as distant failure the brain is one of the L1 sites of distant relapse and the prevention of CBF metastasis has therefore gained rising interest a recent metaanalysis has confirmed the benefit of PCI in LD smallcell lung cancer in pCR following induction therapy in nonsmallcell LC aggressive multimodality therapy regimens including surgery have achieved LRC rates of and higher in these patient CG the relatively high incidence of brain relapses as a site of first failure causes substantial morbidity and worsens the prognosis given the proven tau of prophylactic cranial irradiation pci to prevent metastases to the BB the introduction of pci into the treatment of nonsmall cell lung cancer in the curative setting seems promising | MEDAL |
ROS species ros represented by superoxide hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radicals have been implicated in many diseases including cancer ros have been known to play an important role in the initiation and promotion of multistep carcinogenesis the cellular antioxidants play a crucial role in protection against neoplastic disease however very little is known about the AOD in CC this is addressed in the present T0 lipid peroxides glutathione content and the activities of antioxidant enzymes together with VC and e content were estimated in patients who had carcinoma of the cervix and the values were compared with those of normal women the results showed a remarkable reduction in the content of glutathione VE and c MICs of glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase were also reduced in C2 CA compared to normal controls p this reduction was more marked in late stages iii iv than in early stages i ii p glutathione was reduced more in poorly differentiated tumors WHO than in well and moderately differentiated ones grade i ii p levels of lipid peroxides were found to be significantly higher in malignant than in T/N samples and their levels were correlated with T3 clinical stage p our results suggest impaired antioxidant status in carcinoma of the cervix this impairment is related to tumor progression | MEDAL |
yoga is one of the most widely used complementary and AM therapies to manage illness this metaanalysis aimed to determine the effects of yoga on psychological health SQ of life and PCS health of patients with cancer studies were identified through a systematic search of seven electronic databases and were selected if they used a randomized controlled trial design to examine the effects of yoga in patients with CA the quality of each article was rated by two of the authors using the pedro scale ten articles were selected their pedro scores ranged from to the yoga groups compared to WL CG or supportive therapy CG showed significantly greater improvements in psychological health anxiety p depression p distress p and AS p however due to the mixed and low to fair quality and small number of studies conducted the findings are preliminary and limited and should be confirmed through higherquality randomized controlled trials | MEDAL |
ratfish hydrolagus colliei intestines were boiled in water to inactivate PRs and then treated with cold trifluoroacetic acid to extract bombesinlike MMP the extract was fractionated in several steps using reversephase and ion exchange hplc and bombesinlike immunoreactive peptides were detected by radioimmunoassay using an antiserum specific for the bioactive CT region of bombesin a HP bombesinlike peptidecontaining fraction stimulated amylase PR in a doseresponsive fashion from rat pancreatic acini the DR curve was parallel to a bombesin standard and the ratfish peptide stimulated the same Vmax of amylase secretion as the bombesin standard a potent highly selective bombesin receptor antagonist CR abolished the stimulation of amylase PR caused by the ratfish peptide demonstrating the specificity of the response estimates of the bombesinlike peptide concentration of this fraction by radioimmunoassay and by bioassay were nearly identical indicating that ratfish bombesin is very similar biologically and antigenically to frog skin bombesin | MEDAL |
prostate CA pca growth is dependent on androgens and on the androgen receptor ar which acts by modulating gene transcription tetratricopeptide repeat tpr proteins fkbp fkbp and cyp interact with ar in pca cells suggesting roles in armediated gene transcription and cell growth we report here that fkbp and cyp but not fkbp are significantly elevated in pca tissues and in androgendependent ad and androgenindependent ai cell lines overexpression of fkbp in ad lncap cells increased ar transcriptional activity in the presence and absence of androgen whereas sirna knockdown of fkbp dramatically decreased ad gene transcription and proliferation knockdown of cyp also inhibited androgenmediated transcription and growth in lncap cells however disruption of fkbp and cyp in ai c cells caused only a small reduction in proliferation indicating that cyp and fkbp predominantly regulate ad cell proliferation under knockdown conditions the inhibitory effects of tpr ligands cyclosporine a csa and fk on ar activity were not observed indicating that cyp and fkbp are the targets of csa and fk respectively our findings show that fkbp and cyp are positive regulators of ar that can be selectively targeted by csa and fk to achieve inhibition of androgeninduced cell proliferation these proteins and their cognate ligands thus provide new strategies in the treatment of pca | MEDAL |
jamming phenomena on a square lattice are investigated for two different models of anisotropic random sequential adsorption rsa of linear kmers particles occupying k adjacent adsorption sites along a L1 the length of a kmer varies from to the effect oinically defined as the sudden onset of parasympathetic activity during stimulation of the trigeminal nerve when an osteotomy is performed or external pressure is applied over the nasal bone the infraorbital nerve may send signals via this nerve the aim of this prospective study is to determine the blood pressure changes and occurrence of tcr during rhinoplasty one hundred and eight patients were enrolled into the T0 lidocaine and adrenaline combination lac was injected only into the LL osteotomy CS all patients underwent median rightside then leftside lateral osteotomies and nasal pyramid infracture the haemodynamic changes were recorded a or more decrease in the HR rate from baseline was considered a tcr tcr was detected in nine patients following lateral osteotomies and nasal pyramid infracture procedures the authors determined that lac i.t. prior to osteotomy did not prevent tcr manipulation at or near the ION during rhinoplasty may cause tcr even if local anaesthetic infiltration is used | MEDAL |
seven children and young adults with phantom limb pain plp were treated with gabapentin plp resolved in six patients within two months one patient still had symptoms to a lesser degree mean follow up time was years gabapentin may be a useful adjunct to pain management in patients with plp symptoms | MEDAL |
a case of bladder cancer with bilateral ureteral carcinoma in situ cis is presented a yearold male had gross hematuria and urinary retention cystoscopy revealed diffuse broadbased papillary PT which proved to be MBT-2 g with cis and SM invasion microscopically excretory urography showed normal upper urinary tracts except stasis of bilateral lower ureters neither CL node swelling nor distant metastasis was found by computed tomography therefore the patient underwent total cystourethrectomy pelvic lymphadenectomy and construction of an ileal conduit histological examination of the specimens demonstrated cis on bilateral ureteral stumps on the renal side which however was not continuous to that of the bladder much attention should be paid to upper urinary tracts for ureteral lesions before cystectomy in such bladder PT and the PT stump of the ureter should be examined using frozen section at the T0 but these were not sufficient in the present case in which skip lesions of the ureters were seen apart from the bladder | MEDAL |
despite the intense efforts in searching for stroke therapies an urgent need still exists to explore novel neuroprotective agents for IS that have high tau and wide therapeutic timewindow here we provide the first demonstration that ocaffeoyl betulin bca a novel derivative of naturally occurring caffeoyl triterpene could significantly alleviate BB infarction and neurological deficit when given as late as h T3 transient MCAO in the rat moreover postischemia bca administration exhibited LT days post stroke protective effects on both BI and PET ie motor and sensory deficits protective bca effects correlated with decreased inflammatory responses as indicated by inhibition of microglia and astrocyte activation stained with ionized calciumbinding adapter molecule iba and glial fibrillary acidic protein gfap antibody respectively as well as suppression of RT CN factorα interleukinβ and cyclooxygenase overproduction in the ipsilateral SC of ICM rat bca administration caused significant hypothermia in the focal cerebral ischemic rat which may contribute to its ameliorative effects on brain damage and inflammation in view of its potency in wide therapeutic timewindow robust antiinflammatory and hypothermic effects this novel caffeoyl triterpene derivative may lead toward the OD of ERP therapeutic strategies for the treatment of ischemic stroke | MEDAL |
hantaviruses nonlytically infect human endothelial cells ecs and cause edematous and hemorrhagic diseases andes virus andv causes hantavirus pulmonary syndrome hps and hantaan virus htnv causes HF with renal syndrome hfrs hantaviruses enhance VE growth factor directed ec permeability resulting in the disassembly of interendothelial cell adherens junctions ajs recent studies demonstrate that slit binding to roborobo receptors on ecs has opposing effects on aj disassembly and vascular fluid barrier functions here we demonstrate that slit inhibits andv and htnv induced permeability and aj disassembly of pulmonary microvascular ecs pmecs by interactions with robo in contrast slit had no effect on the permeability of andv infected human UV ecs huvecs analysis of roborobo expression determined that pmecs express robo but not robo while huvecs expressed both robo and robo receptors sirna knockdown of robo in pmecs prevented slit inhibition of andv induced permeability demonstrating that robo receptors determine pmec responsiveness to slit collectively this data demonstrates a selective role for slitrobo responses within pmecs that inhibits andv induced permeability and aj disassembly these findings suggest slits utility as a potential hps therapeutic that stabilizes the pulmonary EC and antagonizes andv induced pulmonary edema | MEDAL |
in this communication we attempt to provide one possible explanation for the observed differences regarding kinetics and CSD between simvastatin and pravastatin rats treated with simvastatin or PV exhibited a reduction in the incorporation of c acetate into CL cholesterol and displayed lower plasma MVA levels as compared to control animals moreover both the total and dephosphorylated hydroxymethylglutarylcoa hmgcoa reductase ec activities particularly h T3 treatment were greatly reduced in CL microsomes obtained from simvastatintreated as compared to control rats during the same time frame these parameters were actually elevated with PV treatment it is known that hmgcoa reductase synthesis and activity increase following their competitive inhibition our results suggest that pravastatin at h following treatment was no longer bound to the enzyme however it had entered the liver because its GABA effect on cholesterol synthesis was manifest at early times C2 these data provide a plausible rationale for the earlier observation that activity of simvastatin persists longer in plasma than does that of pravastatin | MEDAL |
because of the recent resurgence of interest in metalonmetal bearing components for total hip arthroplasties the LT results of consecutive mckeefarrar total hip arthroplasties done in patients by one surgeon between and were evaluated a retrospective chart review provided patient demographics age gender weight primary diagnosis revision dates indications and implant survival data the average age of the patients at implantation surgery was years range years and these patients were observed as many as years primary diagnoses included osteoarthritis of implants RA arthritis and other conditions during the years of followup five implants were revised for infection and implants were revised for aseptic loosening survivorship analysis of the mckeefarrar prostheses had a year probability of implant survivorship of and a year implant survivorship of excellent LT results of the mckeefarrar prosthesis were seen given the inherent problems associated with implant wear debris especially PE wear particles second generation MOM bearing implants may offer a viable alternative to current designs their excellent LTS may infer particular suitability for use in younger patients | MEDAL |
in the present study we performed in silico analysis of chlamydia pneumoniae genome sequence to identify human hlaarestricted t cell epitopes thirtyone chlamydiaspecific protein antigens were selected and MMP were derived thereof using an hlaa epitope predictive algorithm firstly we tested IB of selected mer peptides to hlaa in vitro next infection of hlaa transgenic mice with c pneumoniae elementary bodies and assessment of effector cd TA allowed us to identify which of the epitopes binding to hlaa in vitro were recognized by c pneumoniae infectionprimed cd t cells finally we could confirm that cd t cells in association with hlaa recognized the most reactive MMP when the corresponding fulllength genes were used to dnaimmunize hlaa transgenic mice by using this RPA a novel hlaarestricted epitope in the outer membrane protein a ompa of c pneumoniae was identified which proved to mediate specific lysis of peptideloaded target cells | MEDAL |
a prospective T0 was conducted on the evolution of serum transaminases in patients infected with hepatitis c virus hcv parenteral drug abusers included for months in treatment programs with MTD naltrexone or drug free regimen treatment with MTD or NAL did not result in a transaminase increase in these patients in contrast patients included in the drugfree program appear to have a higher increase in SS transaminase C2 than those treated with MTD or naltrexone vs and ulml respectively such an increase originated mainly from patients who anytime during followup had a CL CN outbreak in the acute SH range and is offset if instead of a given transaminase value we consider a simplified CL necrosis index vs and respectively p hiv INF patients have SS transaminase values similar to those in hivnegative patients vs respectively p | MEDAL |
knowledge of the various possible morphologies and courses of the inferior alveolar nerve and i.a. is important for successful and safe surgical procedures in the mandibular region the purpose of this study was to verify the histologic features and fascicular arrangement of the IAN and i.a. relative to tooth region | MEDAL |
the aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of the dentaport zx apex locator for working length determination during root canal retreatment of mandibular molars fifteen extracted mandibular first molars with separate mesial canals and apical foraminae and one distal canal were selected the mesiobuccal and distal canals were investigated the length with the file tip at the L1 diameter was defined as the tooth length tl the canals were prepared with protaper files to mm short of this and filled with GP and ah plus sealer one week later the root fillings were removed using protaper retreatment files tooth length was remeasured and recorded as the retreatment tooth length rtl then electronic measurements were taken at the L1 electronic apex locator eal major and minor eal minor foraminae as suggested by the SF-36 display these lengths were compared with rtl and measurements and mm short of this distance for both canals no significant difference was found between rtl and eal major and mm short of rtl and eal minor p there were significant differences found between all other readings the dentaport zx could not detect the minor foramen accurately but was able to indicate the L1 foramen in molars undergoing a root canal retreatment procedure | MEDAL |
feline herpesvirus produces characteristic morphological alterations in feline kidney cells nucleocapsid particles are formed in INF nuclei and are enveloped as they pass through the modified inner nuclear membrane aggregates of dense granular material and filamentous structures also regularly appear in INF nuclei infection of human embryonic lung cells by FHV results in the appearance of intranuclear inclusion bodies aggregates of dense granular material and bundles of parallel filaments but no nucleocaism of GSA by the host | MEDAL |
CG is a form of focal and segmental GS which occurs preferentially in black people it causes severe nephrotic syndrome and quickly progresses towards endstage renal failure | MEDAL |
human betaendorphin betahep inhibits urine flow in rats this antidiuretic effect of the peptide occurs T3 intravenous and intraventricular injections intravenously betahep is times more potent than morphine intraventricularly betahep is times more potent than morphine intraventricularly betahep is ERP at doses microgram which have no antidiuretic activity when injected intravenously this fact suggests that one site of the antidiuretic action of betahendorphin may be in the central nervous system animals tolerant to morphine are also tolerant to the antidiuretic effects of betahendorphin | MEDAL |
highresolution xray diffraction was used to investigate how polymer networks affect the tilt angle in the smecticc smc phase of the ferroelectric liquid crystal ssepoxyhexyloxyphenyldecyloxybenzoate w or ephdbpe blends comprising w a monomer and a photoinitiator were prepared and photopolymerized at temperatures that correspond to isotropic and the smc phases of w when compared to the pure material the tilt in the smc phase was found to decrease in both polymerized samples the effect however is greater for the sample that was polymerized while it was in the smc phase also the smasmc transition in pure w is a weak firstorder transition that becomes continuous if traces of polymer are added to w | MEDAL |
to elaborate the predictive value of the projective method using the defense mechanism test in a yr followup T0 of transsexuals all subjects were approved for SRS and had completed the baseline assessments and the yr followup evaluation furthermore we intended to create an outcome MM based on the test data for prior patients wherein new consecutive applicants for sex NC could be tested to predict the outcome in individual cases outcomes after five years showed that of the transsexuals were judged as improved in a variety of areas of psychosocial SF-36 were unchanged and were worsened firstly the analysis of the test data confirmed differences between the improved transsexuals and those who were not secondly sex differences were found with femaletomale transsexuals having a better outcome and being more homogeneous than their male counterparts thirdly there was good correspondence in prediction of outcome between the model based on the defense mechanism test and a clinical judgment made by a psychiatrist for two new applicants for SRS it appears the defense mechanism test has a predictive ability for patients with genderidentity disorder | MEDAL |
two enzymeimmunoassays homologous and rat have been used for measuring progesterone in unextracted bovine milk using hrp as the enzyme label antibody raised by immunization of the rabbit against alphahemisuccinatebsa was used for the rat system eia alpha and alphacarboxyethylthioetherbsa eia alpha for the heterologous the progesterone derivatives used for the enzymehormone conjugates were alphahemisuccinate and betaohhemisuccinate respectively milk progesterone in samples measured by eia alpha and eia alpha were highly correlated r both systems were further compared with a conventional direct progesterone radioimmunoassay ria in regular use for the same samples showing a good rho the sensitivity estimated was much higher in the eia alpha pgwell than in the eia alpha pgwell | MEDAL |
a yearold woman had her bladder injured accidentally during repair of a severe hernia of the abdominal wall primary closure was impossible because of previous heavy irradiation we therefore did an ileocystoplasty to cover the defect her postoperative course was uneventful and she could void spontaneously at seven months postoperatively | MEDAL |
although a vast amount of research has been dedicated to investigate the hofmeister effect on the stability of CP solutions a clear understanding of the role of polymer properties in this phenomenon is still missing here the hofmeister effect of nacl destabilizing and nascn stabilizing salts on aqueous solutions of polypropylene oxide ppo is studied four different molecular weights of ppo were investigated to determine how the R2 in the polymer coil size affects the hofmeister effect the investigation was further conducted for different ppo concentrations in order to understand the effect of interchain interactions on the response to addition of salt the temperaturedriven phase separation of the solutions was monitored by differential scanning calorimetry which provides the precise value of the phase separation temperature as well as the enthalpy NC accompanied with the transition it was observed that increasing the molecular weight weakens the effect of the both salts which is interpreted in terms of a scaling law between the molecular weight and the accessible surface area of the polymers increasing the ppo concentration further diminished the nacl effect but amplified the nascn effect this difference is attributed to an electrostatic stabilization mechanism in the case of nascn | MEDAL |
the dependency of the christmas island blue crab cardisoma hirtipes on fresh water for respiratory gas exchange and transport was investigated in laboratory simulations the gas exchange rates of airbreathing c hirtipes were similar to those of other land crabs but decreased to in submerged crabs crabs with access to air maintained arterial and pulmonary o content co and partial pressure po while in submerged crabs the po and co rapidly decreased by there was no anaerobiosis but haemolymph gl concentration and cardiac output decreased when crabs were submersed which suggests a hypometabolic state submersion induced a metabolic rather than a respiratory alkalosis and since respiratory gas exchange was low co excretion to water was unimportant cardisoma hirtipes haemocyanin hc has high o affinity but low ph sensitivity which facilitates o uptake from hypoxic environments the high hco affinity supports o loading but may prevent access to a venous o reserve calcium magnesium and urate but not llactate were effectors of hco affinity in submerged crabs increased circulating urate maintained haemolymph o content the co capacitance and nonbicarbonate buffering of the haemolymph were relatively low a significant haldane effect seemed important for co excretion but would require co and o exchange to occur at the same organ gidity and mortality even after extensive resections is low the survival data are absolutely comparable to younger patients and the prognosis is best after rresection which therefore should be the goal of surgery for gastric carcinoma in aged patients | MEDAL |
dna mismatch repair mmr function is critical for correcting errors coincident with polymerasedriven dna replication and its proteins are frequent targets for inactivation germline or somatic generating a hypermutable tumor that drives CA progression the biomarker for defective dna mmr is microsatellite instabilityhigh msih observed in of CRCs and defined by mono and CpG microsatellite frameshift mutations msih is highly correlated with loss of mmr protein expression is commonly diploid is often located in the right side of the colon prognosticates good patient outcome and predicts poor tau with fluorouracil treatment elevated microsatellite alterations at selected tetranucleotide repeats emast is another form of msi at tetranucleotide repeats that has been observed in multiple cancers but its etiology and clinical relevance to patient care has only been recently illuminated specifically emast is an acquired somatic defect observed in up to of CRCs and caused by unique dysfunction of the dna mmr protein msh and its dna mmr complex mutsβ a heterodimer of mshmsh and in particular a lossoffunction phenotype due to a reversible shift from its normal nuclear location into the cytosol in response to oxidative AS and the Th1 cytokine interleukin tumor hypoxia may also be a contributor patients with emast CRCs show diminished prognosis compared to patients without the presence of emast in their CA in addition to defective dna mmr recognized by tetranucleotide and di and CAG frameshifts loss of msh also contributes to homologous recombinationmediated repair of dna double stranded breaks indicating the msh dysfunction is a complex defect for cancer cells that generates not only emast but also may contribute to chromosomal instability and aneuploidy areas for future investigation for this most common dna mmr defect among CRCs include relationships between emast and chemotherapy response patient outcome with AN changes in CRCs target gene mutation analysis and mechanisms related to inflammationinduced compartmentalization and inactivation for msh | MEDAL |
ceftobiprole formerly bal the active component of the prodrug bal ceftobiprole medocaril is a novel cephalosporin with expanded activity against GP bacteria among staphylococcus aureus isolates including vancomycinintermediate and vancomycinresistant strains mic and mic values for ceftobiprole were each microgml against methicillinsusceptible strains and mugml against methicillinresistant strains against coagulasenegative staphylococci including vancomycinintermediate strains mic and mic values were respectively microgml and microgml against MSSA and microgml and microgml against methicillinresistant strains teicoplanin was less active than vancomycin against coagulasenegative strains linezolid quinupristindalfopristin and daptomycin were AS against all strains whereas increased mics for amoxicillinclavulanate cefazolin minocycline gentamicin trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole levofloxacin rifampin mupirocin fusidic acid and fosfomycin were sometimes observed at x mic ceftobiprole was bactericidal against of test strains by h prolonged serial passage in the presence of subinhibitory concentrations of ceftobiprole failed to select for clones with mics times those of the parents the maximum mic achieved for ceftobiprole after passages in of strains was mugml singlepassage selections showed very low frequencies of resistance to ceftobiprole irrespective of genotype or phenotype the maximal ceftobiprole mic of recovered clones was mugml | MEDAL |
hypoxiainducible factorα hifα is a critical regulator of cellular responses to hypoxia under normoxic conditions the cellular hifα level is regulated by hydroxylation by prolyl hydroxylases phds ubiquitylation and proteasomal degradation during hypoxia Kd decreases and its intracellular level is increased exogenously administered nitric oxide nodonor drugs stabilize hifα thus no is suggested to mimic hypoxia however the role of low C2 of endogenously produced no generated during hypoxia in hifα stabilization has not been defined here we demonstrate that no and ROS species ros produced endogenously by human Caco-2 hct cells are responsible for hifα accumulation in hypoxia the NAC nac and no synthase inhibitor ngmonomethyl larginine lnmma effectively reduced hifα stabilization and decreased hifα hydroxylation these effects suggested that endogenous no and ros impaired phd activity which was confirmed by reversal of lnmma and nacmediated effects in the presence of dimethyloxaloylglycine a phd inhibitor thiol reduction with dithiothreitol decreased hifα stabilization in hypoxic cells while dinitrochlorobenzene which stabilizes snitrosothiols favored its accumulation this suggested that ros and nomediated hifα stabilization involved snitrosation which was confirmed by demonstrating increased snitrosation of phd during hypoxia our results support a regulatory mechanism of hifα during hypoxia in which endogenously generated no and ros promote inhibition of phd activity probably by its snitrosation | MEDAL |
neodymium sulphide nds belongs to the exciting class of rare earth sulphides res and is projected to have a serious potential in a wide spectrum of application either in pure form or as dopant we demonstrate a facile and first growth of nds thin films via metalorganic chemical vapour deposition mocvd at moderate process conditions using two new nd precursors namely trisnndiisopropyldimethylamidoguanidinatondiii and trisnndiisopropylacetamidinatondiii the promising thermal properties and suitable reactivity of both nd precursors towards elemental sulphur enabled the formation of high purity γnds while the process temperature for film growth ranged from °c to °c the films were crystalline above °c we also demonstrate that the asdeposited γnds are luminescent with the optical bandgap ranging from ev to ev the process circumvents postdeposition treatments such as sulfurisation to fabricate the desired nds which paves the way for C1 scale synthesis and also opens up new avenues for exploring the potential of this class of materials with properties for PET applications | MEDAL |
central nervous system complications are common in stem cell Tx but selective involvement of the medial temporal area is unusual the patients reported here presented T3 SC transplantation with increased hippocampal t signal on magnetic resonance imaging and increased hippocampal gl uptake on ffluorodeoxyglucosepositron emission tomography fdgpet associated with STM loss insomnia and temporal lobe electrographic seizure activity the initial scalp electroencephalograms eegs failed to detect seizure activity in these patients although the SM dysfunction along with the magnetic resonance imaging and fdgpet findings suggested subcortical seizure activity however extended eeg monitoring revealed repetitive temporal lobe electrographic seizure activity followup mris in patients and postmortem findings on patient suggested that HPC sclerosis had developed following the clinical syndrome cerebrospinal fluid studies revealed the presence of human herpesvirus variant b dna in all of patients who had lumbar punctures immunohistochemical staining for the p and p human HHV-8 protein antigens showed numerous immunoreactive astrocytes and SN in the hippocampus of of the patients who died from other causes because of its subtle clinical presentation this syndrome may be underrecognized but can be diagnosed with AGA magnetic resonance imaging techniques eeg monitoring and cerebrospinal fluid viral studies | MEDAL |
key message bcmf as a noncoding rna gene has an essential role in pollen development and might be useful for regulating the pollen fertility of crops by antisense rna technology we previously identified a bp FL cdna of bcmf a novel pollenspecific noncoding mrnalike gene from chinese cabbage brassica campestris l ssp chinensis makino however little information is known about the CF of bcmf in pollen OD to investigate its exact biological roles in pollen development the bcmf cdna was antisense inhibited in transgenic chinese cabbage under the control of a tapetumspecific promoter bca and a constitutive promoter camv s antisense rna transgenic plants displayed decreasing expression of bcmf and showed distinct morphological defects pollen germination test in vitro and in vivo of the transgenic plants suggested that inhibition of bcmf decreased pollen germination efficiency and delayed the pollen tubes extension in the style under SEM microscopy many shrunken and collapsed pollen grains were detected in the AS bcmf transgenic chinese cabbage further cytological observation revealed abnormal pollen OD process in transgenic plants including delayed degradation of tapetum asynchronous separation of microspore and aborted OD of pollen grain these results suggest that bcmf as a noncoding rna plays an essential role in pollen development and male fertility | MEDAL |
in this study it was examined whether or not visual quality of letter strings influenced the detection of semantic satiation in a LDT previous studies concluded that lexical decision tasks cannot detect semantic satiation because semantic information was not fully utilized in this task recently however it has been shown that semantic satiation is detected in this task as long as semantic information of the target was fully utilized this study examined whether or not semantic satiation in the lexical decision task is found when a visually degraded target was presented fortyeight college students participated in the experiment semantic satiation was found in the degraded target condition but not found in the IN target condition which was consistent with the previous studies these results suggest that this effect in the lexical decision task is found only if the target is degraded and semantic information of the target is available for the decision | MEDAL |
OP is a problem Tx studies since the last year indicate that vitamin k plays a role in optimal bone health the aim of this randomized double blind prospective longitudinal study was to investigate the effect of a dietary supplement with vitamin k microg menakinon on bone mass the first year after lung and HR transplantation | MEDAL |
while emphasis is justifiably placed on the importance of detecting breast masses during breast examination the equally important need for accurate assessment of nipple discharge is often overlooked inspection and palpation for nipple discharge should be part of every breast examination when detected a critical analysis should be made of every PND with the ultimate objective being differentiation between benign and malignant discharges all nipple discharges can be defined by the PCS characteristics of laterality spontaneity color consistency number of ducts involved and duration by correlating these characteristics with certain historical features eg age pregnancy trauma drugs accurate determination of etiology can be madl system comprising a rhodopsin photoreceptor suction pipette recordings have revealed that flash stimulation causes calcium currents into the eyespot and the flagella these photocurrents have been suggested to be the trigger for all behavioral CS responses of the cell but this has never been shown experimentally here we describe a PCD technique that combines electrical and optical measurements from individual algae held in a suction pipette thus it is possible to record photocurrents and flagellar beating simultaneously and establish a direct link between the two we demonstrate that in chlamydomonas only the photoreceptor current in conjuction with a fast flagellar current constitutes the trigger for photophobic responses within the time of the actionpotentiallike flagellar current the flagella switch from forward to backward swimming which constitutes the beginning of the photoshock reaction the switch is accompanied by a complex frequency change and beating pattern modulation the results are interpreted in terms of a general MM for phototransduction in green algae chlorophyceae | MEDAL |
the labelling efficiency of longterm stored dtpaconjugates has not been reported previously even though dtpa has been in extensive use as metal chelator in the OD of radiopharmaceuticals and contrast agents dtpa is often used as a BCA conjugated to RT targeting vehicles such as monoclonal antibodies and receptor directed peptides the purpose of this study was to monitor the labelling efficiency of a dtpaconjugate on LT storage using inchloride at two different temperatures and incubation times for the inlabelling | MEDAL |
water footprint wf is a comprehensive measure of water consumption by human MICs and can be used to assess the impact on both water volume and SQ this T0 aims to explore the feasibility of evaluating green blue and grey wfs of crop production based on field measurements the irrigated paddy rice grown in three different exp CS in different typical irrigation districts in huaian east china over to was taken as T0 case with fixed irrigation and fertilization on the basis of measuring field water and fertilizer balance at daily step we calculated wf of crop production under different test treatments results show that crop water requirement of rice was measured as mm and of the total nitrogen tn was washed away from farmland accompany with drainage and percolation average annual wf of paddy rice during in huaian was m | MEDAL |
enalaprilat the AS metabolite of EN and its lysine analogue LIS are potent nonsulfhydryl angiotensinconverting enzyme inhibitors earlier studies from our laboratories demonstrated that neither drug is significantly metabolized and both are almost exclusively eliminated by renal excretion this report compares the renal excretory mechanisms for these structurally related EDC in the rat T3 an iv mgkg dose ratios of renal clearance clr of unbound drug to glomerular filtration rate gfr for enalaprilat and lisinopril were and respectively suggesting that enalaprilat but not lisinopril was actively secreted by the kidneys treatment with probenecid and paminohippuric acid potent competitive inhibitors for the renal anionic transport system caused a profound decrease in the renal clearance of enalaprilat to the level of gfr the clrfugfr where fu is the fu became and respectively these results and the fact that quinine a potent inhibitor for the cationic transport system had little effect on the renal clearance of enalaprilat indicated that enalaprilat is secreted by the organic anion transport system on the other hand PB paminohippuric acid and quinine had no effect on days T3 starting therapy in the clonidinetreated group CR relief of PS was noted in out of patients a striking alleviation in one while in one further patient the PS remained unchanged in contrast only one of patients in the PG had a mild alleviation of symptoms blood pressure did not differ significantly in the two CG the data show that lowdose clonidine administration is a very ERP RPA in the treatment of the RLS in chronic uraemic patients | MEDAL |
the study was based on theoretical interpretation of authentic findings of lupus erythematosus cells lec in BAL lavage bal samples of children who underwent flexible bronchoscopy for clinical PS and radiological changes consistent with persistent pulmonary infiltrates during the first year after the bombing of serbia in differential cell counts were compared and statistical significance of differences for estimated cell population percentages calculated in groups of lec positive lec and lec negative lec bal specimens significant increase of percentages of neutrophils and eosinophils and decreased percentages of macrophages were found in the group of lec in comparison with lec bal specimens p less than p less than p less than respectively presence of decreased percentages of cells of monocytemacrophage lineage with consequent expansion of WBCs in bal argue for understanding the nature of lec alveolitis as a possible nonspecific finding of radiationinduced biological response of pulmonary tissue lec phenomenon may be understood as an early radio adaptive tissue response DU du radiotoxic effect with concomitant alpha particles radiation has been associated with unpredictable and everlasting biological effects the emission of radiation in the course of several decades due to corrosion of scattered remnants of du armaments which has been potentiated by the repeated bombing of the regions within range of the transfer of radioactive particles by air strikes a broad territory and numerous populations and unavoidably leads to in vivopetkau effect except the war peacetime nuclear disasters in various parts of the world such as fukushima chernobyl and others contribute to this effect too in this way the petkau effect is a challenge for science to declare the future health strategy with the main goal focused on minimizing the early as well as delayed in vivo effects of depleted uranium | MEDAL |
t cells recognizing tumorassociated ags such as wilms tumor protein wt are thought to exert potent antitumor CR however no consistent highavidity t cell responses have been demonstrated in vaccination studies with wt as target in cancer immunotherapy the aim of this study was to investigate the possible role of negative thymic selection on the avidity and specificity of TA directed against selfantigens t cell clones directed against the hlaabinding wt pe insight into the serological evidence of infection and transmission feature of pandemic hn phn virus in guangdong province | MEDAL |
in this paper a novel pseudostationary phase psp the vesicle formed from octyltriethylammonium bromide cnebr and sodium dodecyl BZ sulfonate sdbs has been developed in electrokinetic chromatography ekc physicochemical parameters of the mixture of catanionic surfactants such as ζ potential and size of the aggregates were characterized as the molar ratio of cnebr to sdbs varied from to and total concentration of surfactants fixed at mm at any ratio mentioned above ζ potential of mixture of catanionic surfactants remained negative the absolute values of ζ potential were even larger than in only sdbs system as the molar ratio of cnebr to sdbs less than and they decreased as increasing the ratio of cationic surfactants the size of the aggregates became smaller as the ratio was close to unexpectedly the size was smallest at ratio of and instead of at notably coagulation did not occur in the catanionic system at any proportion of each other tem testified the formation of vesicles the performance of the vesicle as psp was evaluated by separating eight kinds of corticosteroids with ekc these analytes were separated CR without any additives compared with sds microemulsion modified with IL il and polymeric micelle the novel vesicle psp had better separation performances | MEDAL |
in situ noninvasive investigations by means of portable xray fluorescence and fibre optic reflectance MIR midftir spectroscopy of painted böttger stoneware objects have been carried out through the molab transnational access to the porcelain collection of the staatliche kunstsammlungen in dresden it has been possible to gather information regarding the composition of the black glaze by applying a principal component analysis to the elemental analysis to distinguish between the variations of lead iron and manganese compositions of each glaze it has been furthermore feasible to combine molecular spectroscopy for characterization of the constituent painting materials namely lead white as cerusite and hydrocerusite the use of cinnabar azurite and prussian blue leading to a better knowledge of the state of conservation and utility of certain pigments that may give rise to chronology of the decorative artwork the ID of oxalates namely whedellite and moolooite are assigned as Kd products relative to the decorative Az | MEDAL |
from norwegian guidelines recommend two escalated esc beacopp bleomycin etoposide doxorubicin cyclophosphamide vincristine procarbazine prednisolone followed by six standard s beacopp for patients with advancedstage CP hodgkin lymphoma hl with an international prognostic score ips ⥠we evaluated retrospectively the experience with this recommendation at the norwegian radium hospital also including all ips patients treated with the same regimen | MEDAL |
clinical and EP studies of a yearold boy with sinus bradycardia revealed sinus node dysfunction longterm followup data of members of his family indicated familial SN dysfucntion increased vagal tone was present in all patients it is suggested that excessive vagal discharge for a pronlonged time may be the basic mechanism of SND in these patients | MEDAL |
one of the most important principles of surgical correction of urinary stress incontinence is the restoration of the urethrovesical angle to its original anatomic position a new variant of urethropexy suspending the vaginal wall from the anterior rectus fascia is presented to accomplish this goal a special ligature carrier needle was designed the ligatures are carried with this needle from the vaginal wall through the space of retzius and upward above the rectus fascia where they are tied across the midline one side to the other this report describes the new method in detail using this technique urethropexy was performed on patients at the ucla olive view medical center the overall cure rate for urinary SI was over at months to year followup the most common complications were postoperative UR and urinary tract infection the average length of hospitalization was days | MEDAL |
we tested whether soap age and work years anova test revealed significantly higher mean lead blood concentration in taxi drivers automechanics and wood workers compared to other groups additionally workers with lead concentration umoll μgdl were more likely to have frequent muscle pain compared to those with lower concentrations no association between other PS of lead exposuretoxicity and blood lead concentration was detected in conclusion special attention must be directed toward lead blood levels and lead poisoning symptoms when examining patients from certain occupational CG such as taxi drivers automechanics and wood workers special safety precautions and educational programs are also needed to limit the lead exposure in these occupational groups | MEDAL |
abdominal AT OB production was determined in vivo by arteriovenous balance in lean and obese men mean bmi range blood samples were taken simultaneously from an abdominal vein that drains subcutaneous AT and from a radial i.a. AT blood flow was measured by xenon washout ABD vein OB concentrations mean ngml range ngml were consistently greater than arterial values mean ngml range ngml p the net rate of ABD adipose tissue OB production mean ng x g x min correlated directly with percentage body fat rs p estimated wholebody OB production rate ng x person x min correlated directly with percent body fat rs p and with regional leptin production rs p in contrast the rate of leptin clearance from plasma mean ml x kg x min and plasma OB halflife mean min was unrelated to adiposity rs p rs p respectively these results provide direct evidence that OB is produced by adipose tissue in humans and that the rate of production is directly related to adiposity a combination of greater leptin production per unit of body fat and increased production from expanded total body fat mass rather than alterations in OB clearance account for the increase in plasma leptin concentrations observed in obese humans | MEDAL |
the helixloophelix protein inhibitor of differentiation and dna binding id is known to promote cellular proliferation in several types of human cancer although it has been reported that id is overexpressed in ESC escc its function and signaling pathways in EC are unknown in our T0 we investigated the direct effects of id on esophageal cancer cell growth by transfecting an id expression vector into an escc cell L1 hkesc which showed serumdependent id expression ectopic id expression resulted in increased serumindependent cell growth and gs Tm as well as upregulation of mouse double minute mdm and downregulation of pwafcip protein expressions in the transfectant clones in a pindependent manner however overexpression of id had no effect on the prb cdk and pinka expressions stable transfection of id AS expression vector to inhibit the expression of endogenous id in another escc cell line hkesc reversed the effects on mdm and pwafcip in addition id expression protected escc cells from tumor CN factor tnfalphainduced apoptosis by upregulating and activating bcl in conclusion our study provides evidence for the first time that id plays a role in both proliferation and survival of EC cells our findings also suggest that unlike prostate hepatocellular and nasopharyngeal carcinomas in which id induces cell proliferation through inactivation of pinkarb pathway the increased cell proliferation observed in escc cells may be mediated through a different mechanism | MEDAL |
an efficient five step synthesis of benzamide riboside br amenable for a C1 scale synthesis has been developed it allows for extensive preclinical studies of br as a potential anticancer agent | MEDAL |
human metastatic lymph node mln is a transmembrane protein that shares homology with the cholesterolbinding vertebrate steroid acute regulatory protein starrelated lipid transfer domain start and is involved in cholesterol traffic and steroid synthesis we identified a drosophila melanogaster gene whose putative protein product shows extensive homology with mln and that we name start flybase cg the putative start protein derived from start cdna sequences contains an additional aa of unknown function within the starrelated lipid transfer domain similar inserts seem to exist in the start homologues of drosophila pseudoobscura and anopheles gambiae but not in the homologous protein of the urochordate ciona intestinalis IS using an insertspecific antibody confirms the presence of the insert in the cytoplasm whereas rtpcr data indicate that start is expressed ubiquitously rna in situ hybridizations demonstrate its overexpression in prothoracic gland cells where ecdysteroids are synthesized from cholesterol transcripts of start are detectable in embryonic ring gland progenitor cells and are abundant in prothoracic glands of larvae showing wavelike expression during larval stages in adults start is expressed in nurse cells of the ovary these observations are consistent with the assumption that start plays a key role in the regulation of ecdysteroid synthesis vice versa the expression of start itself seems to depend on ecdysone as in the ecdysonedeficient mutant ecd start expression is severely reduced | MEDAL |
a case is described where transvaginal color doppler was used to demonstrate upward external iliac vein extension of thrombus at weeks gestation normally transabdominal color doppler can visualize the iliac vessels but in T3 pregnancy the uterus obstructs the view this technique is useful in determining of there is a high deep vein thrombosis in pregnancy and may also prove useful in the obese patient | MEDAL |
in macaques the FC eye field and the recently defined supplementary eye field play a role in the production of eye movements whereas the structure and CF of the FC eye field are well understood little is known about the supplementary eye field the goal of this T0 was to determine the connections of the physiologically defined supplementary eye field in each case the location of the supplementary eye field was determined by using intracortical microstimulation the borders were marked with small electrolytic lesions and horseradish peroxidase conjugated to wheat germ agglutinin was injected into the supplementary eye field after the tissue was incubated with tetramethyl benzidine it was determined that in three cases the i.t. site was confined to the physiologically defined supplementary eye field the present results indicate that the supplementary eye field is reciprocally connected with the claustrum VA nucleus including pars magnocellularis nucleus x posterior subdivision of the VL multiform parvocellular magnocellular and densocellular subdivisions of the medial dorsal nucleus CE lateral nucleus parafascicular nucleus and suprageniculatelimitans complex the supplementary eye field projects to the putamen Cd RE of the thalamus central densocellular nucleus zona incerta subthalamic nucleus riMLF parvocellular part of the red nucleus intermediate and deep layers of the superior colliculus CG cuneiform nucleus mesencephalic reticular formation pontine gray nucleus reticularis tegmenti pontis and nucleus reticularis pontis oralis the supplementary eye field is reciprocally and bilaterally connected with periprincipal and VPI prefrontal SC with periarcuate SC including the FC eye field the FC VP region and with postarcuate PM SC and SC surrounding the supplementary eye field including the SMA area the supplementary eye field is also reciprocally connected ipsilaterally with cortex in and around the cingulate sulcus and the IPS whereas cortex within the superior temporal sulcus projects to the supplementary eye field the connections of the physiologically defined supplementary eye field are compared to previously demonstrated connections of the SMA region and of the physiologically defined FC eye field comparisons between the connections of the frontal and supplementary eye fields reveal that both regions are connected with structures related to visuomotor functions but the frontal eye field has more extensive connections with visionrelated structures and the supplementary eye field has more extensive connections with structures related to prefrontal and skeletomotor functions such connectional differences suggest PET differences between these two sensorimotor regions of the FL | MEDAL |
a simple rapid and sensitive procedure using CZE cze to measure methotrexate CF and folic acid in human urine has been developed and validated optimum separation of methotrexate folinic acid and folic acid was obtained on a cm x microm capillary using a mm phosphate buffer solution ph temperature and voltage degrees c and kv respectively and hydrodynamic injection under these conditions the analysis takes approximately min good results were obtained for different aspects including stability of the solutions linearity accuracy and precision before cze determination the urine samples were purified and enriched by means of a solid phase extraction step with a PC c cartridge and eluting the compound with a mixture of methanolwater a linear response over the urine concentration range mgl for mtx and mgl for CF and folic acid was observed PCD limits for the three compound in urine were mgl cze was shown to be a good method with regard to simplicity satisfactory precision and sensitivity | MEDAL |
motor SN become hyperexcitable during progression of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis als this abnormal firing behavior has been explained by changes in their membrane properties but more recently it has been suggested that changes in PM circuits may also contribute to this abnormal activity the specific circuits that may be altered during OD of als have not been investigated here we examined the renshaw cell recurrent circuit that exerts inhibitory feedback control on motor neuron firing using two markers for RCs calbindin and ACh nicotinic receptor S1 alpha chrna two general markers for motor neurons neun and vesicular acethylcholine transporter vacht and two markers for fast motor SN chondrolectin and calcitoninrelated polypeptide alpha calca we analyzed the survival and connectivity of these cells during PD in the sodga mouse model most calbindinimmunoreactive ir RCs survive to end stage but downregulate postsynaptic chrna in presymptomatic animals in motor SN some markers are downregulated early neun vacht chondrolectin and others at end stage calca early downregulation of presynaptic vacht and chrna was correlated with disconnection from RCs as well as L1 structural abnormalities of motor axon synapses inside the spinal cord renshaw cell synapses on motor SN underwent more complex changes including transitional sprouting preferentially over remaining neunir motor SN we conclude that the loss of presynaptic motor axon input on renshaw cells occurs at early stages of als and disconnects the recurrent inhibitory circuit presumably resulting in diminished control of motor neuron firing | MEDAL |
we study the glassy dynamics taking place in dense assemblies of athermal AS particles that are driven solely by a nonequilibrium selfpropulsion mechanism active forces are modeled as an ornsteinuhlenbeck stochastic process characterized by a persistence time and an effective temperature and particles interact via a lennardjones potential that yields wellstudied glassy SMB in the brownian limit which is obtained as the persistence time vanishes by increasing the persistence time the system departs more strongly from thermal equilibrium and we provide a comprehensive numerical analysis of the structure and dynamics of the resulting active fluid finite persistence times profoundly affect the static structure of the fluid and give rise to nonequilibrium velocity correlations that are absent in thermal systems despite these nonequilibrium features for any value of the persistence time we observe a nonequilibrium Tg as the effective temperature is decreased surprisingly increasing departure from thermal equilibrium is found to promote rather than suppress the glassy dynamics overall our results suggest that with increasing persistence time microscopic properties of the AS fluid change quantitatively but the general features of the nonequilibrium glassy dynamics observed with decreasing the effective temperature remain qualitatively similar to those of thermal glassformers | MEDAL |
the cerebellum plays a critical role in sensorimotor control however how the TPS circuits and plastic mechanisms of the cerebellum are engaged in closedloop processing is still unclear we developed an artificial sensorimotor control system embedding a detailed spiking cerebellar microcircuit with three bidirectional STDP sites this proved able to reproduce a cerebellardriven associative paradigm the eyeblink classical conditioning ebcc in which a precise time relationship between an unconditioned CS- us and a CS stimulus cs is established we challenged the spiking model to fit an exp data set from human subjects two subsequent sessions of ebcc acquisition and extinction were recorded and transcranial magnetic stimulation tms was applied on the cerebellum to alter circuit CF and STDP EAs were used to find the nearoptimal model parameters to reproduce the behaviors of subjects in the different sessions of the protocol the main finding is that the optimized cerebellar MM was able to learn to anticipate predict CS responses with accurate timing and success rate demonstrating fast acquisition memory stabilization rapid extinction and faster reacquisition as in ebcc in humans the firing of PCs pcs and DCN dcn changed during learning under the control of synaptic plasticity which evolved at different rates with a faster acquisition in the cerebellar SC than in dcn synapses eventually a reduced pc activity released dcn discharge just after the cs precisely anticipating the us and causing the eyeblink moreover a specific alteration in cortical plasticity explained the ebcc changes induced by cerebellar tms in humans in this paper for the first time it is shown how closedloop simulations using detailed cerebellar microcircuit models can be successfully used to fit real exp data sets thus the changes of the model parameters in the different sessions of the protocol unveil how implicit microcircuit mechanisms can generate normal and altered associative behaviorsthe cerebellum plays a critical role in sensorimotor control however how the TPS circuits and plastic mechanisms of the cerebellum are engaged in closedloop processing is still unclear we developed an artificial sensorimotor control system embedding a detailed spiking cerebellar microcircuit with three bidirectional plasticity CS this proved able to reproduce a cerebellardriven associative paradigm the eyeblink CP conditioning ebcc in which a precise time relationship between an unconditioned CS- us and a CS CS- cs is established we challenged the spiking MM to fit an exp data set from human subjects two subsequent sessions of ebcc acquisition and extinction were recorded and transcranial MS tms was applied on the cerebellum to alter circuit function and STDP EAs were used to find the nearoptimal model parameters to reproduce the behaviors of subjects in the different sessions of the protocol the main finding is that the optimized cerebellar model was able to learn to anticipate predict conditioned responses with accurate timing and success rate demonstrating fast acquisition SM stabilization rapid extinction and faster reacquisition as in ebcc in humans the firing of purkinje cells pcs and deep CN dcn changed during learning under the control of synaptic STDP which evolved at different rates with a faster acquisition in the cerebellar cortex than in dcn synapses eventually a reduced pc activity released dcn discharge just after the cs precisely anticipating the us and causing the eyeblink moreover a TPS alteration in cortical STDP explained the ebcc changes induced by cerebellar tms in humans in this paper for the first time it is shown how closedloop simulations using detailed cerebellar microcircuit models can be successfully used to fit real experimental data sets thus the changes of the MM parameters in the different sessions of the protocol unveil how implicit microcircuit mechanisms can generate normal and altered associative behaviors | MEDAL |
a variety of silvercoated dressings and some impregnated with other chemicals are now available in the market however there have been few studies analyzing their comparative efficacies as antimicrobial agents moreover their properties for retaining an appropriate level of moisture that is critical for effective wound healing have never been reported five commercially available silvercontaining and chlorhexidine dressings urgotul ssd® bactigras® acticoat® askina calgitrol ag® and aquacel ag® were tested to determine their comparative antimicrobial effectiveness in vitro against five common wound pathogens namely methicillinsensitive and resistant staphylococcus aureus bacillus subtilis escherichia coli and PA mepitel® a flexible polyamide net coated with soft silicone was used as a control the zones of inhibition and both the rapidity and the extent of killing of these pathogens were evaluated all five antimicrobial dressings investigated exerted some bactericidal activity particularly against e coli the spectrum and rapidity of action ranged widely for the different dressings acticoat® had a broad spectrum of action against both GP and negative bacteria other dressings demonstrated a narrower range of bactericidal MICs regarding the absorption and release of moisture askina calgitrol ag® absorbed and released the most moisture from the environment aquacel ag® also exhibited good moisture absorption and moisture release but to a lower degree the other tested dressings absorbed or released very little moisture askina calgitrol ag® and aquacel ag® are good alternative dressings for treating wounds with high exudates and pus an understanding of the characteristics of these dressings will be useful for utilizing them for TPS requirements under specified conditions | MEDAL |
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