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left ventricular dilation and infarct expansion MI are associated with an increased morbidity and mortality the purpose of this study was to determine whether angiotensinconverting enzyme inhibition could reverse left ventricular dilation and improve the diastolic properties of the LV very early T3 CO the acute time course of left VVI dilation and infarct expansion as determined by 2DE echocardiography and early diastolic isovolumic EC50 time were studied in dogs subjected to h of CO enddiastolic area before occlusion was and cm p ns in the captopril and the salinetreated group respectively at min T3 occlusion i.c.v. EDV area increased to cm in the captopriltreated group p less than and cm p less than in the salinetreated group three hours after occlusion and after captopril treatment enddiastolic area decreased to cm p less than versus min T3 occlusion whereas it was unchanged in the salinetreated group functional infarct expansion as assessed by endsystolic anterior to posterior endocardial segment length ratio occurred early T3 occlusion and captopril reduced this expansion i.c.v. values for early diastolic isovolumic EC50 time increased from to ms in captopriltreated dogs p less than and from to ms in salinetreated dogs p less than T3 CO implying a worsening of diastolic functionabstract truncated at words | MEDAL |
BG HSP is a systemic smallvessel vasculitis that occurs mainly in children a review of the literature has suggested a rho between MPV and several inflammatory disorders however to the best of our knowledge any potential rho between MPV and henochschonlein purpura has not been reported in the literature therefore our T0 aimed to evaluate the role of MPV concentrations in patients with HSP methods this study included children with henochschonlein purpura and healthy individuals as controls results mean PLT volume concentrations were found to be significantly lower in HSP patients compared with HCs ± vs ± p similarly significant negative correlations were observed between mean platelet volume and neutrophil count PLT count and erythrocyte sedimentation rate in patients with HSP r p r p r p interestingly mean platelet volume was significantly lower in the acute phase compared with the convalescent phase of henochschonlein purpura patients ± vs ± p a cutoff value for MPV was with area under the curve of to identify acute phase vs convalescent phase in patients with henochschonlein purpura mean PLT volume was independently associated with HSP in logistic SRA odds ratio confidence interval p conclusions our results suggest that mean platelet volume is inversely associated with disease in patients with henochschonlein purpura and MPV may be a useful marker to identify AS disease in HSP patients | MEDAL |
water ligand observed via gradient spectroscopy waterlogsy saturation transfer difference and noe pumping nmr techniques were used to identify ligandrefore they may delay treatment or even inappropriately treat patients who have a high pvr we identified clinical factors that are associated with increased pvr that could be used to select which patients are at risk for this | MEDAL |
elucidation of molecularlevel interactions controlling the sorption of organic EDC in soils is of L1 theoretical and practical interest sorption of pielectron donor EDC pentamethylbenzene pmb naphthalene naph and phenanthrene phen in a number of soils was found to increase with decreasing ph in the range of approximately ph this behavior could not be attributed to phdependent alteration of the hydrophobic character of humic substances pihbonding interaction with mineral surfaces interaction with black carbons solute coplanarity or ph effects on solute AC no significant effect of ph was observed for nonpidonor hydrophobic compounds whether planar or not transdichlorocyclohexane dcch hexachlorobutadiene hcbd trichlorobenzene tcb tetrachlorobiphenyl and tetrachlorobiphenyl the opposite ph effect was observed for nonanol and nonanone which are nonpidonors but capable of hbonding also no phdependent sorption was observed between the pidonor phen and alumina a model inorganic surface we propose that the pidonor solutes interact with piacceptor sites in soil organic matter som including aromatic rings with multiple carboxyl groups aromatic amines or heteroaromatic amines the piacceptor ability of such aromatic moieties would increase with protonation pipi interactions between pmb naph and phen and MM som acceptors benzenetricarboxylic acid bta naphthalenetetracarboxylic acid nta and pyridine py in methanol and methanolwater were verified by the appearance of phdependent upfield h nmr chemical shifts induced by ring current effects uvvis spectra showed phdependent chargetransfer bands for various donors with nta no nmr shifts or chargetransfer bands were found for nondonor compounds paired with the model acceptors | MEDAL |
a methodology to predict pm concentrations in urban outdoor environments is developed based on the generalized linear models glms the methodology is based on the relationship developed between atmospheric concentrations of air pollutants ie co no nox vocs so and meteorological variables ie ambient temperature relative humidity rh and wind speed for a city barreiro of portugal the MM uses air pollution and meteorological data from the portuguese monitoring air quality station networks the developed glm considers pm concentrations as a dependent VL and both the gaseous pollutants and meteorological variables as explanatory independent variables a logarithmic link CF was considered with a poisson probability distribution particular attention was given to cases with Ta both below and above °c the best performance for modelled results against the measured data was achieved for the model with values of air temperature above °c compared with the model considering all ranges of air temperatures and with the model considering only temperature below °c the model was also tested with similar data from another portuguese city oporto and results found to behave similarly it is concluded that this MM and the methodology could be adopted for other cities to predict pm concentrations when these data are not available by measurements from air quality monitoring stations or other acquisition means | MEDAL |
in macaque monkeys the age at which neurons in the primary visual cortex v become CS to interocular image disparities a prerequisite for stereopsis is a matter of conjecture to resolve this fundamental issue in binocular vision development we measured the responsiveness of individual v SN in anesthetized and paralyzed infant monkeys as a function of the relative interocular spatial phase of dichoptic sinewave gratings we found that an adultlike proportion of units were sensitive to interocular image disparity as early as the C6 postnatal day several weeks before the onset age for stereopsis in monkeys the ocular dominance distributions of cells in infant monkeys were also indistinguishable from those of adults thus at or only a few days T3 birth v neurons are capable of combining neural signals from the two eyes as in adults and are CS to interocular image disparities however the monocular spatialfrequency response properties of these disparitysensitive units were immature and their overall responsiveness was far lower than that in adults during the first PN weeks both the spatial frequency response properties and the peak response amplitude rapidly improved which resulted in a corresponding increase in the absolute sensitivity of individual units to interocular disparity the results demonstrate that early binocular vision development in monkeys is not constrained by a paucity of disparitysensitive v SN but instead by the relative immaturity of the spatial response properties and the overall anergy of existing disparitysensitive neurons | MEDAL |
some photobiological properties of dimethylmethoxyhpyrroloijquinolinone pq have been studied in comparison with methoxypsoralen mop in ehrlich cells pq induced a moderate inhibition in dna and rna syntheses in the dark which appeared to be more pronounced upon PUVA in contrast to mop in the presence of uva pq also affected protein synthesis likewise marked antiproliferative effects were also observed in the study of the clonal growth of cho cells cultivated in vitro using ALP elution and cho cells a moderate formation of singlestrand breaks ssbs and of dnaprotein crosslinks dpcs was observed by incubation in the dark upon uva irradiation the amount of both lesions increased greatly whereas no ISC iscs were formed as expected mop did not damage dna in the dark but induced ssbs iscs and dpcs in the presence of uva the induction of ssbs by both compounds seems to be directly related to a photochemical event rather than to incisions during dna repair as the induction of iscs and also the formation of dpcs by mop and uva appears to be based on a twostep reaction involving photobound mopdna moieties in contrast the formation of dpcs by pq and uva seems to involve photosensitization by free pq molecules connected with ssb and dpc formation rather than with a dna photobinding activity the pq activity observed in the dark could probably be ascribed to a moderate inhibition of topoisomerases | MEDAL |
we investigated spatial blocking amonnt after and months with n pufas intake a significant plasminogen activator inhibitor fibrinogen and highsensitivity c reactive protein decrease was obtained after and months and a significant adp increase was observed T3 and months of n pufas a significant mmp mmp tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase decrease was obtained T3 months compared to the baseline value with n pufas NI n pufas give a better lipid profile and a better improvement of coagulation fibrinolytic and inflammatory parameters than PL furthermore lowers levels of mmp mmp and their tissue inhibitors are obtained with n pufas compared to PL | MEDAL |
to determine the safety and effectiveness of cutting balloon angioplasty for pulmonary vein stenosis pvs | MEDAL |
malignant pleural effusion complicates various malignant diseases most frequently lung and breast cancer a group of patients with this complication were treated with the czechoslovak vaccine corynebacterium parvum and the english preparation coparvax and their effects and sideeffects were compared within weeks following the application patients died in surviving patients the exudate ceased to be replenished and in persons T3 intrapleural application of the preparation it had to be evacuated one more time but then its formation cea surgery alone surgery adjuvant chemotherapy p in contrast a significant difference was observed in overall survival surgery CT surgery adjuvant chemotherapy p the CS of relapse were identical in the two treatment arms in conclusion from this T0 it appears that adjuvant chemotherapy with fu and ccnu seems to have no efficacy in the cure rate of CC patients | MEDAL |
CPA is a potent inhibitor of calcium uptake and caatpase activity in sarcoplasmic and endoplasmic reticulum in l muscle myoblasts cyclopiazonic acid stimulates the uptake of tetraphenylphosphonium a lipophilic membrane potential probe and has antioxidant properties the purpose of the present T0 was to investigate the structural requirements necessary for causing the surface charge alterations and the antioxidant activity in l skeletal muscle myoblasts and for inhibition of calcium transport by rat skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles this was accomplished by comparing the effects of two structurally related tetramic acids cyclopiazonic acid imine and tenuazonic acid with CPA CPA imine inhibited oxalateassisted ca uptake and atpase activity in sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles and stimulated TPP accumulation by l muscle myoblasts however these effects required an approximately fourfold higher concentration than that of CPA tenuazonic acid up to mm had no effect on oxalateassisted ca uptake or caatpase activity in sarcoplasmic reticulum LDV and did not stimulate tetraphenylphosphonium accumulation by l muscle myoblasts cyclopiazonic acid was only slightly more ERP than CPA imine at preventing the patulininduced increase in thiobarbituric acid positive substance used to estimate lipid peroxidation tenuazonic acid was totally ineffective previously it was shown that CPA was twice as effective as cyclopiazonic acid imine at preventing increases in thiobarbituric acid positive substance in cultured renal cells llcpk thus the indole nucleus of CPA is essential for the membraneassociated biological activity however modification of the acetyl group reduces the potency of the activity | MEDAL |
as part of our continuous search for compounds from natural sources that can treat diabetes and its diabetic complications in the present work we investigated the protein tyrosine phosphatase b ptpb and rat lens aldose reductase rlar inhibitory activities of the roots of aralia continentalis the methanol extract showed a potent inhibitory activity against ptpb and rlar among the tested fractions the nhexane fraction exhibited the highest ptpb LIA while the etoac fraction showed highest rlar LIA bioassayguided fractionation of the AS nhexane and etoac soluble fractions resulted in the isolation of the diterpenoids entpimaradieneoic acid continentalic acid entkaurenoicacid kaurenoic acid entpimaradieneol oxoentpimaradieneoic acid áhydroxyisovaleroyloxyentkauranoic acid hydroxyentkaurenoic acid ááepoxyhydroxyentkauranoic acid ádihydroxyentkauranoic acid áhydroxyentpimaraenol epirulopezol and âhydroxynorpimaradiene from the nhexane fraction and formymethoxymethylhpyrrolyl butanoic acid vanillic acid hydroxybenzoic acid protocatechuic acid nicotinic acid aralia cerebroside oferuloly quinic acid from the etoac fraction of these compounds ⼠and were isolated from a continentalis for the first time compounds ⼠exhibited inhibitory potential against ptpb while EDC and were found to be active against rlar taken together these results clearly demonstrate that the roots of a continentalis displayed antidiabetic and antidiabetic properties which could be further explored to develop therapeutic and preventive agents for the treatment of diabetes and related complications | MEDAL |
the activin receptorlike kinase gene alk is the second locus for the autosomal dominant AVD hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia hht in this paper we present the genomic structure of the alk gene a type i serinethreonine kinase receptor expressed predominantly in EC cells the coding region is contained within nine exons spanning kb of genomic dna all introns follow the gtag rule except for intron which has a taggcaag splice junction the positions of introns in the ICD are almost MZ to those of the mouse serinethreonine kinase receptor tskl by sequencing alk from genomic dna mutations were found in six of six families with hht either shown to link to chromosome q or in which linkage of hht to chromosome q had been excluded mutations were also found in three of six patients from families in which available linkage data were insufficient to allow certainty with regard to the locus involved the high rate of detection of mutations by genomic sequencing of alk suggests that this will be a useful diagnostic test for hht particularly where preliminary linkage to chromosome q can be established in two cases in which PTCs were found in genomic dna the mutant mrna was either not present or present at barely detectable C2 these data suggest that mutations in alk are functionally null alleles | MEDAL |
TB irradiation tbi is commonly used with autologous bone marrow transplantation bmt for treatment of hematologic malignancies pulmonary complications of tbi can cause longterm morbidity and mortality the authors have compared the pulmonary toxicity and tau of two different tbi fractionation regimens in otherwise identical ABMT protocols | MEDAL |
although cystitis glandularis cg is a common benign urinary bladder epore probable other rearrangements should have occurred later to explain the karyotype differences between the two species of phyllodytes wagler the majority of the species presented a small amount of centromeric cbanded heterochromatin and these regions were gcrich the fish technique using a telomeric probe identified the chromosome ends and possibly ttagggnlike sequences in the repetitive dna out of the telomeres in itapotihyla langsdorffii and phyllodytes edelmoi the data herein obtained represent an important contribution for characterizing the karyotype variability within the tribe lophiohylini scarcely analysed so far | MEDAL |
ca selective microelectrodes have been used to determine the free myoplasmic ca in human skeletal muscle obtained from patients who had developed early signs associated with malignant hyperthermia mh during anesthesia intercostal muscle biopsies were performed under local anesthesia in four mh patients days to months after developing the mh crisis and in three control subjects we used only microelectrodes that showed a nernstian response between pca and pca mv per decade at degrees c membrane resting potential vm and calcium potential vca were obtained from SF SF the free cytosolic ca was microm mean sem n in MF obtained from malignant hyperthermic patients whereas in control subjects it wg an effect similar to that of dexamethasone the original lead was discovered by a manual agreement docking method and automation of this method is also described | MEDAL |
the guidelines for night and shift workers recommend that T3 night work they should sleep in a dark environment during the daytime however staying in a dark environment during the daytime reduces nocturnal melatonin secretion and delays its onset daytime brightlight SE after night work is important for melatonin synthesis the subsequent night and for maintaining the circadian rhythms however it is not clear whether daytime sleeping after night work should be in a dim or a brightlight environment for maintaining melatonin secretion the aim of this study therefore was to evaluate the effect of brightlight exposure during daytime sleeping on nocturnal melatonin secretion after simulated night work twelve healthy male subjects aged ± mean ± sd participated in day sessions under two exp conditions bright light or DL in a random order on the first day the subjects entered the exp room at and saliva samples were collected every hour between and under dimlight conditions between and they participated in tasks that simulated night work at the next morning they slept for hours under either a brightlight condition lx or a dimlight condition lx in the evening saliva samples were collected as on the first day the saliva samples were analyzed for melatonin concentration activity and sleep times were recorded by a wrist device worn throughout the experiment in the statistical analysis the time courses of melatonin concentration were compared between the two conditions by threeway repeated measurements anova CS condition day and time of day the NC in DL melatonin onset δdlmo between the first and second days and daytime and nocturnal sleep parameters after the simulated night work were compared between the CS conditions using paired ttests the anova results indicated a significant interaction CS condition and day p post hoc tests indicated that in the dimlight condition the melatonin concentration was significantly lower on the second day than on the first day p however in the brightlight condition there was no significant difference in the melatonin concentration between the days p there was a significant difference in δdlmo between the conditions p dlmo T3 sleeping was T3 by ± min under brightlight conditions but delayed for ± min after sleeping under dimlight conditions no significant differences were found in any sleep parameter our T0 demonstrated that daytime sleeping under brightlight conditions after night work could not reduce late evening melatonin secretion until midnight or delay the phase of melatonin secretion without decreasing the SQ of the daytime sleeping thus these results suggested that to enhance melatonin secretion and to maintain their conventional sleepwake cycle T3 night work shift workers should sleep during the daytime under brightlight conditions rather than dimlight conditions | MEDAL |
the effect of cigarette smoking on drug oxidation and conjugation was studied using antipyrine and acetaminophen as marker EDC for the antipyrine T0 healthy cigarette smokers n and nonsmoking controls n received a single gram intravenous dose of AP for the acetaminophen study smokers and nonsmokers received a mg intravenous dose of acetaminophen the clearance of AP was significantly increased vs mlminkg p less than and beta halflife was correspondingly reduced vs h p less than in smokers compared to nonsmoking controls total recovery of antipyrine and metabolites excreted in urine did not differ between CG but there was a significantly increased fractional clearance of AP via formation of hydroxyantipyrine and hydroxymethyl metabolites in sm fractional clearance via formation of norantipyrine did not differ significantly between CG comparison of acetaminophen kinetics between smokers and nonsmokers indicated no significant differences in elimination halflife clearance or volume of CSD thus CS is more likely to induce drug oxidation rather than drug conjugation however not all oxidative pathways are equally influenced induction effects of smoking are highly ATP selective and pathway TPS | MEDAL |
the colon and lung amiloridebinding proteins were cloned from rat tissues two sizes of transcripts were identified the kb transcript codes for an kda protein whereas the kb transcript codes for a kda polypeptide the kb transcript was detected in the PT and distal colon and in duodenum CL placenta and thymus the kb transcript was the only form present in lung and spleen and it was also detected in placenta and colon the short form corresponds to the terminus of the longer one it is formed by alternative transcription under the control of an internal promoter cells stably transfected with cdnas encoding these two proteins were used for IB studies using hphenamil a potent blocker of the epithelial hH1 derived from amiloride both the long and short forms of the protein bind amiloride and some of its derivatives but they have distinct pharmacologies the order of potency of the different amiloride derivatives to inhibit hphenamil binding was phenamil k nm benzamil k nm amiloride k microm approximately ethylisopropylamiloride k microm for the long form whereas it was phenamil k nm amiloride k microm approximately EIPA k microm approximately benzamil k microm for the short form although the binding proteins described here are distinct from the poreforming protein of the epithelial hH1 the pharmacological profile of the long form of the abp is identical to that described previously in pig and human kidney and similar to that expected for an epithelial hH1 the pharmacological profile of the short form resembles that previously described for an amiloridebinding protein in pneumocytes results presented in this paper suggest that previously purified S9 showing na channel activity contain different forms of the amiloridebinding protein possibly associated with other proteins the similarity between amiloridebinding proteins and a protein identified in seminal vesicles suggests that amiloridebinding proteins are the first members of a new family of epitheliaspecific proteins | MEDAL |
it is apparent that voice disorders frequently labelled functional are associated with laryngeal muscle misuse this use of the word PET is however intrinsically ambiguous and so we propose an alternative term based on descriptive features of dysfunction muscle misuse voice disorders persistent phonation with an abnormal laryngeal posture can lead to organic changes such as nodules or polyps particularly in females with posterior glottic chink we hypothesized that the chink was related to an overall increase in laryngeal muscle tension and more directly due to inadequate EC50 of the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle during phonation we employed the term muscular tension dysphonia mtd to note this condition but it may be that the term laryngeal ISO is superior since there are other misuses of the larynx that obviously are manifestations of abnormalities of muscular tension with this in mind we have evolved a new classification based on the laryngeal isometric glottic and supraglottic lateral contraction states anteroposterior contraction states conversion aphonia psychogenic bowing and adolescent transitional dysphonia | MEDAL |
the stability of cefazolin g in metronidazole mg ml at degrees c was studied for use as an iv admixture the commercially available injection of cefazolin sodium g vial was diluted to ml with sodium chloride injection and added to metronidazole mg ml following dilution of ml to ml with water ml aliquots were transferred to glass vials refrigerated at degrees and assayed for cefazolin and metronidazole concentration at and hours after preparation the concentration of CEZ and metronidazole was determined by a stabilityindicating highperformance LC method the range of concentration was determined to be within of the hour mean concentration over the hour period the mean concentration of cefazolin at all assay times was within to of the initial concentration the mean concentration of metronidazole at each CA time was to of the initial concentration CEZ mgml and metronidazole mgml prepared by adding reconstituted CEZ to a glass bottle of metronidazole readytouse solution were stable for hours when stored at degrees c | MEDAL |
a longitudinal T0 of plasma gl and insulin concentrations in ad libitum fed and dietary restricted male f rats was carried out the life span diurnal DP of PG concentration was such that through most of the day DR rats have significantly lower PG C2 than AL fed rats throughout the life span dietary restricted rats maintain mean hour PG concentrations about below those of AL fed rats PI levels are maintained in DR rats at about of the levels in ad libitum fed rats although PG and insulin C2 are lower dietary restricted rats use glucose fuel at the same rate per unit of metabolic mass per day as rats fed AL while these findings are consistent with the glycation hypothesis of aging and with our hypothesis that DR retards the aging processes by altering the characteristics of fuel use they do not establish the validity of either it is possible that this effect of dietary restriction on carbohydrate metabolism plays no role in its antiaging action further studies are required to define the role of these altered characteristics of carbohydrate metabolism in the aging processes | MEDAL |
hypophysiotropic trhsynthesizing neurons of the PVN nucleus pvn have a critical role in the regulation of the SE homeostasis through control of the hypothalamicpituitarythyroid axis recently endocannabinoids have been shown to exert GABA effects on trh SN via the type cannabinoid receptor cb to understand the anatomical basis for this regulatory mechanism we determined whether cb is contained in axons innervating hypophysiotropic trh SN using a recently developed AS against the cterminal portion of mouse cb cbimmunoreactive axons densely innervated the parvicellular subdivisions of the pvn where the hypophysiotropic trh SN are located by doublelabeling immunocytochemistry cbimmunoreactive varicosities were observed in juxtaposition to the vast majority of trh SN in the pvn at the ultrastructural level cbimmunoreactivity was observed in the pactorbeta tgfbeta is required for tissue homeostasis but is also implicated in disease processes including fibrosis and thus represents a molecular target for therapy | MEDAL |
developmental stability reflects the ability of a TT to develop in the same way under varying environmental conditions deviations from developmental stability arising from disruptive effects of environmental and genetic stresses can be measured in terms of FA a particularly CS indicator of the ability to cope with these stresses during ontogeny in an inbred adriatic island population we expected dental arch FA to be higher than in an outbred sample from the same island and within this population to increase with the level of inbreeding due to environmental AS we also expected to find higher fluctuating asymmetry in the outbred island population than in an urban reference group from the same country the material consisted of dental casts of children from the island of hvar and zagreb croatia threedimensional coordinates of landmarks spanning the arches were digitized the analysis partitioned the asymmetry of arch forms into components for directional and fluctuating bilateral asymmetry using the AGA procrustes method geometric morphometrics the results corroborated the hypotheses FA was found to be higher on the island than in zagreb in all groups and in both jaws and increased significantly with endogamy level in the lower jaw there was no significant directional asymmetry in the zagreb sample and likewise none in the upper jaws of the outbred island group but significant DA in both jaws of the inbred population and also in the lower jaws of the outbred island group these results suggest an environmental as well as a genetic influence on dental arch asymmetry although the lower jaws expressed these two stresses almost additively the upper jaws appeared to be better buffered the role of directional asymmetry as a potential indicator of craniofacial developmental instability clearly merits further attention | MEDAL |
the requirements for optimal activity of the hepatitis a virus hav internal ribosome entry segment ires differ substantially from those of other picornavirus ireses one such difference is that to date the hav ires is the only one whose efficiency is severely inhibited in the presence of the picornaviral a proteinase here we describe experiments designed to dissect the mechanism of proteinasemediated inhibition of hav translation using dicistronic mrnas translated in vitro we show that the hav ires is inhibited by the footandmouth disease virus lb proteinase as well as by the human rhinovirus a proteinase furthermore using mutant lb proteinase we demonstrate that proteolytic activity is required for inhibition of hav ires activity translation inhibition correlated closely with the extent of cleavage of the one identified common cellular target for the a and lb proteinases eukaryotic initiation factor eif g a component of the eiff capbinding protein complex total rescue of hav ires activity was possible if purified eiff was added to translation extracts in contrast if the added eiff contained cleaved eifg no rescue of hav ires activity was evidenced thus the hav ires requires intact eifg for activity this is unique among the picornavirus ireses studied to date and may help explain why hav does not inhibit host cell translation during viral infection | MEDAL |
experiments were conducted in normal human volunteers to compare the response of the forearm and calf vessels to contralateral IE MS resisted breathing coughing and the valsalva maneuver RBF were measured by means of straingauge plethysmography arterial blood pressure by auscultation and HR rate by electrocardiography IE of one forearm at onethird maximal voluntary contraction for seconds caused an increase in blood pressure and HR rate the vascular resistance decreased in the resting forearm and increased in the calf the decrease in forearm resistance was greater with the subjects supine and attenuated with the subjects standing or reclining headdown with AO of the exercising forearm just prior to cessation of the HG the blood pressure and the calf resistance remained elevated while the HR rate returned to control the forearm resistance increased during the occlusion period and remained elevated throughout it mental AS caused an increase in heart rate and blood pressure and a dilation of the forearm but not of the calf vessels these changes were smaller in standing than in supine subjects resisted breathing and coughing caused an increase in heart rate and in forearm blood flow but not in calf blood flow the VM was followed by decreases in blood flow to the upper and lower limbs the different responses in forearm and calf vessels can be explained by a CE component which triggers a vasodilator pathway possibly cholinergic which is distributed to forearm but not to calf vessels | MEDAL |
available data indicate that crustacean hyperglycemic hormone chh stimulates membranebound guanylyl cyclase gc producing cyclic guanosine monophosphate which in turn mediates the effect of chh on carbohydrate metabolism in the present T0 we report the cloning of a cdna pcgcm encoding a putative membrane form gc from the muscle of the crayfish procambarus clarkii analysis of the deduced CAA CS shows that pcgcm contains the signature domains characteristic of membrane form gcs including an extracellular ligandbinding domain a single TM and intracellular kinaselike and cyclase catalytic domains in addition a CT domain of residues is present following the cyclase CD pcgcm is most closely related identity to a drosophila membrane form gc drgc and an anopheles gambiae membrane form gc agagc the three gcs also share a similar distribution DP of conserved cysteine residues in the extracellular domain the pcgcm transcript is expressed in several chh target tissues including muscle hepatopancreas HR ovary testis and gill suggesting that pcgcm may participate in the signaling cascade activated by chh | MEDAL |
we compared the inhibition of foodstimulated gastric acid secretion and changes in SS concentrations of immunoreactive GIP and gastrin caused by a duodenal perfusion of OA and b intravenous infusion of pure natural porcine gastric GABA polypeptide in dogs with gastric fistula and pancreatic fistula a rate of DU perfusion of OA mlhr which gave near maximal pancreatic protein response was chosen this dose of oleic acid caused CR suppression of acid response to a meal of liver extract ml of a solution while elevating serum IR-GIP modestly by contrast intravenous administration of gastric GABA polypeptide that raised SS IR-GIP several fold caused only inhibition of acid response to the same meal other effects of DU perfusion of OA were exaggeration of pancreatic protein secretion and significant inhibition of gastrin release in response to the meal exogenous administration of GIP on the other hand was without significant effect on these responses these results suggest that in the innervated dog stomach the enterogastrone action of fat is not primarily mediated by gastric GABA polypeptide | MEDAL |
pituitary adenylate cyclaseactivating polypeptide pacap a pleiotropic NPY exerts a variety of physiological functions through three types of g proteincoupled receptors pac vpac and vapc characterization of the molecular forms of pac in mouse heart revealed the presence of four types of variant receptors harboring the n or s variant in the first extracellular domain ec domain with or without the hop insert in the third intracellular cytoplasmic loop ic loop then we assessed the binding affinity and ability to stimulate adenylyl cyclase of the pca variantexpressing cells for pacap adenylyl cyclase activation by pacap was markedly influenced with the variant in the ec domain as well as that in the ic loop in spite of a little difference in their IB properties these data suggest that the combination of ec domain SCV and ic loop variants might account for the diversity of intracellular signaling which might contribute to multiple functions of pacap including a role in the cardiovascular system | MEDAL |
new analogues of the venerable antimalarial drug primaquine have been synthesized and bioassayed in vivo against pneumocystis carinii a lifethreatening infection common among IS patients two of these new EDC are significantly more AS than primaquine itself and provide new information for future drug design and OD in this area | MEDAL |
we have developed a simple CS procedure in which theophylline in a solution of ceriumiv acts as an oxidizable compound to produce fluorescent ceriumiii when combined with a microsolvent for SE at ph this method provides excellent sensitivity and specificity because other xanthines and phenobarbital secobarbital amobarbital and phenytoin do not interfere daytoday reproducibility coefficient of R2 is attained for theophylline concentrations of and mgl results correlate well with liquid chromatography and enzyme immunoassay procedures total analysis time for a single sample is min | MEDAL |
the pgmypcr for human papillomavirus hpv was evaluated in parallel with nested pcr npcr in samples with noted hybrid capture ii hcii and mypcr results pgmypcr detected hpv dna in of hciinegativemypcrnegative samples and in of hciipositivemypcrnegative samples also it detected the mypcrnegativenpcrnegative types hpv hpv hpv hpv and hpv | MEDAL |
metabolism of leukotrienes via omegaoxidation represents a major degradative and inactivating pathway of these biologically active icosanoids isonicotinic acid hydrazide INH inhibited this process in rats in vivo in the isolated perfused rat CL and in hepatic microsomes the in vivo catabolism of leukotriene e via nacetylleukotriene e to its omegaoxidized metabolites was inhibited by or using single intravenous INH doses of mmol or mmolkg body mass respectively INH interfered with leukotriene catabolism at the initial omegaoxidation step resulting in an accumulation of nacetylleukotriene e analogous although weaker inhibition of leukotriene omegaoxidation in vivo was observed by i.c.v. with isonicotinic acid isopropylhydrazide and monoacetyl Hz in the IPL INH at concentrations varying over mm decreased the omegaoxidation of cysteinyl leukotrienes dosedependently by up to omegaoxidation of both leukotriene e and leukotriene b by rat liver microsomes was inhibited by isoniazid isonicotinic acid isopropylhydrazide and monoacetyl hydrazine with halfmaximal concentrations in the range of mm our measurements indicate that the impairment of leukotriene omegaoxidation by isoniazid involves both cytochromepdependent enzyme systems responsible for omegaoxidation of leukotriene e and leukotriene b in effect under isoniazid treatment one can expect a prolongation of the Th1 actions of endogenously produced leukotrienes | MEDAL |
the interaction between testosterone and exogenous amino acids was studied in older men before and after months of testosterone administration twelve healthy older male subjects were randomly assigned in doubleblind fashion to receive either TE t n se yr or PL n yr for months muscle protein kinetics were determined using stable isotope methodology A-V difference across leg muscle and muscle biopsies in addition ubiquitinproteasome activity was measured in muscle biopsies as an indicator of muscle PB t improved fasting net protein balance although it remained significantly negative the improvement in net balance was due to a decrease in muscle protein breakdown as protein synthesis was unchanged ubiquitinproteasome activity was also decreased with t exogenous amino acids increased protein synthesis in both PL and t CG but to a lesser degree T3 months of t treatment these results indicate that prolonged t administration increases net protein balance in the fasted state but no additive effect is demonstrated when combined with CAA feedings taken together however these diverse stimulatory effects can increase lean body mass and muscle strength over time | MEDAL |
did winnicott replace or transform freuds metapsychology the authors aim is to explore more deeply the views developed in a previous paper based solely on winnicott here the author draws on other studies to respond to two questions recently posed by fulgencio concerning the meaning of the term metapsychology and the existence of a new topography in winnicotts work for many authors winnicott does not reject freudian metapsychology and says nothing new in this field in the field of paediatric anthropology however he focuses on dependence and in the field of the living embodiment of the drives on being and self as different from ego but green notes the existence of a third topography that of selfobject and also examines the vicissitudes of being by isolating the concept in winnicotts work for the author however being seems in continuity with his whole anthropological and ontological perspective and when winnicott introduces environmental AF of which the infant is unaware he also introduces a heuristic distinction between early and deep there is thus neither a rejection nor a reformulatation of the metapsychological theorization but rather a coexistencrent genes extensive genetic heterogeneity the retinal dystrophies are a good example more than genes have been identified for the isolated forms lebers congenital amaurosis retinitis pigmentosa CRD congenital stationary night blindness and for syndromes that comprise additional dysfunctions or malformations of extraocular tissues and organs selecting genes for diagnostic testing has been difficult and their analysis with the hitherto predominant dna sequencing method sanger sequencing has been extremely laborious the phenotype rarely indicates the affected gene and the contributions of the particular genes to the disease eg to lca were largely unknown consequently comprehensive genetic analyses were impossible in most cases in the recent years highthroughput sequencing technologies summarized as nextgeneration sequencing ngs have revolutionized genetic research and subsequently genetic diagnostics the latter has farreaching implications for the individual management of patients with genetic eye diseases and their families | MEDAL |
cycloheximide and chloramphenicol in combination have a greater effect on yeast cells of histoplasma capsulatum than on the mycelial phase of this fungus in contrast clotrimazole was found to be more effective against mycelia miconazole produced a pronounced effect against both phases wheras tolnaftate was only slightly AS sulfadiazine and GF were CR inactive against both phases the differential sensitivities of the phases of h capsulatum to various antibiotics can be useful in studying the transition of the dimorphic fungus from phase to the other | MEDAL |
the neotype magnesium alloy mgndznzr nzk alloy was implanted into the rabbit femur to investigate its in vivo Kd SMB and biocompatibility seventytwo new zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into the nzk alloy group Ti group and sham then nzk alloy rods were embedded in the rabbit femur in the nzk alloy group titanium alloy rods were embedded in the Ti group and only bone tunnel was established in the sham prior to surgery and at and days after T0 the SS alanine transaminase creatinine creatine kinase and magnesium ion concentration were examined in each group an xray of the implanted region was taken at and days T3 implantation the pathological changes in HR liver kidney and bone from the implant region were examined at and days postoperatively the Kd SMB of the nzk alloy was observed using SEM microscope with an energy dispersive spectroscopy system there were no significant differences in SS alanine transaminase creatinine creatine kinase and magnesium ion concentrations among each group at the same time point p the histology of heart CL kidney and bone from implant region was altered the results demonstrate that the nzk alloy implanted into the rb femur could be absorbed gradually and that the nzk alloy has excellent biocompatibility in vivo | MEDAL |
k ac of autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus acmnpv is a highly conserved baculovirus gene whose CF is unknown to determine the role of k in the baculovirus life cycle a k knockout bacmid containing the acmnpv genome was generated through HR in escherichia coli furthermore a k repair bacmid was constructed by transposing the k open reading frame with its native promoter region into the polh locus of the k KO bacmid after transfection of these viruses into spodoptera frugiperda cells the k KO bacmid led to a defect in production of infectious budded virus while the k repair bacmid rescued this defect allowing buddedvirus titers to reach wildtype C2 slot blot analysis indicated that k deletion did not affect the C2 of viral dna replication subsequent immunoelectronmicroscopic analysis revealed that masses of electronlucent tubular structures containing the CA protein vp were present in cells transfected with k KO bacmids suggesting that nucleocapsid assembly was interrupted in contrast the production of normal nucleocapsids was restored when the k knockout bacmid was rescued with a copy of k recombinant virus that expresses k fused to green fluorescent protein as a visual marker was constructed to monitor protein transport and localization within the nucleus during infection fluorescence was first detected along the cytoplasmic periphery of the nucleus and subsequently localized to the center of the nucleus these results demonstrate that k plays a role in nucleocapsid assembly and is essential for viral replication in the acmnpv life cycle | MEDAL |
the plant hormone cytokinin regulates numerous growth and developmental processes a ST pathway for cytokinin has been elucidated that is similar to bacterial twocomponent phosphorelays in arabidopsis this pathway is comprised of receptors that are similar to sensor histidine kinases histidinecontaining phosphotransfer proteins and response regulators arrs there are two classes of response regulators the typea arrs which act as negative regulators of cytokinin responses and the typeb arrs which are transcription factors that play a positive role in mediating cytokininregulated mRNA here we show that several closely related members of the arabidopsis ap gene family of unknown function are transcriptionally upregulated by cytokinin through this pathway and we have designated these ap genes cytokinin response factors crfs in addition to their transcriptional regulation by cytokinin the crf proteins rapidly accumulate in the nucleus in response to cytnt for pagets disease of bone osteoporosis hypercalcemia of malignancy and CA M1 to bone clinically significant hypocalcemia has not been reported in patients with PDB and normal parathyroid function treated with an aminobisphosphonate we treated a yearold woman with polyostotic PDB SS alkaline phosphatase level iul normal iul who had not previously received bisphosphonates with daily oral mg ris oral mg elemental calcium and oral iu cholecalciferol T3 days of treatment she developed severe hypocalcemia mgdl normal mgdl requiring hospitalization and support with days of intravenous calcium gluconate on the day risedronate treatment began her pth was low normal at pgml normal pgml consistent with a relatively suppressed pth axis due to high bone turnover her vitamin d level was within normal limits SS ohd ngml normal ngml although possibly not optimally repleted we hypothesize that this case represents an example of hungry bone syndrome in a patient with extensive pagets disease of bone who received ris causing acute suppression of bone resorption while elevated bone formation rates continued in the year following her recovery the patient was successfully treated with slowly titrated antiresorptive therapy subcutaneous calcitonin followed by titrated doses of risedronate and is now clinically well physicians should be aware of the potential for hypocalcemia when patients with polyostotic pagets disease and markedly elevated indicators of bone remodeling are initiated on powerful antiresorptive therapy | MEDAL |
although the activation of brain macrophages is associated with both human and mouse CBF malaria cm the relative contributions of the heterogeneous populations of brain macrophages to the disease are unknown in this work we dissociate for the first time inflammatory monocytes from resident brain macrophages in mice developing cm when INF with plasmodium berghei based on the differential expression of cd in BB macrophage cell populations and by using bonemarrow bm chimeras reconstituted with gfp cells we clearly distinguish between bloodderived cells and resident BB cells of hematopoietic origin facs and histological analysis reveal that although inflammatory monocytes and cd t cells invade the BB during cm parenchymal macrophages also undergo morphological changes and over express mhc class i and sca in addition to the leukocyte sequestration in the brain in situ proliferation contributes to the expansion of cd TA during cm finally kinetic analysis of FBC during infection with p berghei demonstrates that activation of PC macrophages precedes leukocyte sequestration in the brain vasculature thus our results reveal the phenotype of activation of BB macrophages during cm showing that parenchymal BB macrophages are activated before overwhelming brain inflammation these results further suggest that BB macrophages may contribute to the local proliferation of cd TA that culminate in death of mice with cm syndrome | MEDAL |
in a dichotic paradigm durationdeviant mismatch negativity mmn largely reflects standard stimuli presented to the same ear as the deviant suggesting an independent representation for each ear we sought to assess this representation independence twentytwo participants presented left all hz db sound pressure level spl and right all hz db spl ear sounds attended to ear per block a series of successive trains of sounds were presented to each ear although ear received short ms standard sounds the other received an equal number of long ms standards in the next train the standard durations were switched between the ears CS- onset asynchrony ranged from to ms duration deviants ms replaced the final standards of some trains mmn RL simultaneously moved earlier for the ear changing from long to short standards and later for the ear changing from short to long standards based on a simple linear model more than of the SM trace reflected withinchannel standards we conclude that independently changeable memory traces underlie dichotic presentation separation of the representation for the attended subset of stimuli is proposed as core to the mechanism of sustained attention | MEDAL |
CSI seminomas are effectively treated with surgery raising concerns as to when to give adjuvant radiation therapy given the risk of secondary HM a recent randomized trial found RT size and rete testis invasion to be the strongest predictors of relapse in clinical stage i seminomas these parameters may be surrogate measures of RT volume intertubular seminoma its of the testis describes the presence of neoplastic germ cells within the interstitium of the testis these cells are detected away from the main macroscopic mass because its can infiltrate in a dimensional fashion it may also represent a measure of tumor volume not usually noted in standard pathology reporting the goal of this T0 was to determine the incidence of its in pure seminomas and its association with other prognostic parameters one hundred twenty consecutive pure seminomas surgically removed between and were evaluated its was defined as the presence of an interstitial or intertubular growth DP of RT cells which was noncontiguous with the main tumor and present at least highpower fields away from the RT mass the average RT size was cm of the entire cohort of patients which included pathological stages t through t had invasion through the tunica albuginea had rete testis invasion had lymphovascular invasion had associated intratubular germcell neoplasia and had its its was significantly associated with rete testis invasion p LR analysis looking at its tumor size patient age and LVI revealed that only its was associated with rete testis invasion rr p its is present in a significant proportion of pure seminomas and has a significant association with rete testis invasion the presence of its may therefore be an important prognostic factor not only because it alters the calculated size of the RT but also because it has an association with rete testis invasion | MEDAL |
abstract the contribution of the AM andor the sympathetic SN to the plasma C2 of metenkephalin was investigated rats were divided into four CG shamoperatedsaline shamoperatedguanethidine adrenaldemedullatedsaline demedullatedguanethidine after weeks of i.t. with either saline or guanethidine mgkgday animals were cannulated in the left i.c. for blood sampling three days later blood samples were taken before and at and min of restraint AS adrenal demedullation lowered basal plasma EN C2 markedly and prevented entirely the increase induced by restraint stress chronic guanethidine treatment lowered basal plasma NE and decreased the response to stress guanethidine treatment increased the basal plasma EN level without affecting the response to stress the combination of guanethidine plus adrenal demedullation lowered basal PC of all three CAs and further attenuated the norepinephrine response restraint stress increased plasma native and peptidasederivable metenkephalin adrenal demedullation resulting in greater than depletion of adrenal catecholamines and significant depletion of adrenal metenkephalin did not inhibit the stressinduced increase in plasma metenkephalin and in fact was associated with a potentiated response to AS guanethidine treatment with or without demedullation increased baseline plasma native metenkephalin and abolished the stressinduced increase in plasma native and peptidasederivable metenkephalin thus the stressinduced increase in plasma metenkephalin results from PR from sympathetic SN rather than AM however the sympathetic SN and adrenal medulla together do not appear to account entirely for basal concentrations of circulating metenkephalin hepatic portal vein plasma concentration of native metenkephalin was greater than that in the i.c. suggesting contribution from the gastrointestinal tract however evisceration did not decrease plasma native metenkephalin some compensatory mechanism results in elevation of basal plasma native metenkephalin in sympathectomized rats also in the absence of the AM there is a compensatory increase in the amount of metenkephalin released into the circulation in response to stress | MEDAL |
most whitefly parasitoids kill whiteflies in one of two ways by piercing the whitefly body with the ovipositor and laying an egg or by piercing the body and FF on host fluids the effects of food deprivation on hostfeeding and parasitizing capacity of the whitefly parasitoids eretmocerus melanoscutus and encarsia formosa hymenoptera aphelinidae were determined in this study we investigated the effects of various fooddeprivation durations and h and honey solution offered before being released on the host mortality and parasitism by these species using fourthinstar bemisia tabaci homoptera aleyrodidae nymphs as test hosts er melanoscutus that were food deprived for h fed on more hosts than those that were food deprived for and h and those that were fed only on honey solution en formosa was less CS to food ED there being no significant changes in host feeding and parasitism these species differences were further confirmed by using third instars of b tabaci and both parasitoid species that were food deprived for h fed on more hosts and parasitized similar or more hosts than those that were not food deprived we also confirmed that er melanoscutus that were food deprived for h killed significantly more whiteflies by host feeding and parasitism combined than the nonfooddeprived er melanoscutus however there were no significant differences in longevity between fooddeprived and nonfooddeprived parasitoids of either species we concluded that the effectiveness of er melanoscutus to biological control whitefly nymphs could be improved by starving them for h prior to release | MEDAL |
contributions of hydroxyethyl functions to the dna binding affinities of substituted anthracenes are evaluated by calorimetry and spectroscopy isothermal titration calorimetry indicated that binding of the ligands to CT dna mm tris buffer mm nacl ph degrees c is exothermic the binding constants increased from x to x m as a function of increase in the number of hydroxyethyl functions dna binding was accompanied by redshifted absorption approximately cm strong hypochromism positive inducedcircular dichroism bands and negative linear dichroism signals dna IB in general increased the helix stabilities to a significant extent deltatm approximately degrees c deltadeltah approximately kcalmol deltadeltas approximately calkmol the IB constants showed a strong correlation with the number of hydroxyethyl CG present on the ANT ring system analysis of the binding data using the hydrophobicity parameter log p showed a poor correlation between the binding affinity and hydrophobicity this observation was also supported by a comparison of the affinities of probes carrying nethyl kb x m versus nhydroxyethyl side chains kb x m these are the very first examples of a strong quantitative rho between the dna IB affinity of a probe and the number of hydroxyethyl groups present on the probe these quantitative findings are useful in the rational design of new ligands for highaffinity IB to dna | MEDAL |
the main proteinase mpro of the severe acute respiratory syndrome sars coronavirus is a principal target for the design of anticoronaviral EDC benzotriazole esters have been reported as potent nonpeptidic inhibitors of the enzyme but their exact mechanism of action remains unclear here we present crystal structures of sarscov mpro the activesite cysteine of which has been acylated by benzotriazole esters that act as suicide inhibitors in one of the structures the thioester product has been hydrolyzed and benzoic acid is observed to bind to the hydrophobic s pocket this structure also features the enzyme with a shortened NT segment amputated n finger the results further the understanding of the important role of the n finger for catalysis as well as the design of benzotriazole inhibitors with improved specificity | MEDAL |
evaluation of the CE NS cns in the developing mouse presents unique challenges given the complexity of ontogenesis marked structural reorganization over very short distances in dimensions each hour and numerous developmental events susceptible to genetic and environmental influences developmental defects affecting the BB and spinal cord arise frequently both in utero and perinatally as spontaneous events following teratogen exposure and as sequelae to induced mutations and thus are a common factor in embryonic and perinatal lethality in many mouse models knowledge of normal organ and cellular architecture and differentiation throughout the mouses life span is crucial to identify and characterize neurodevelopmental lesions by providing a wellillustrated overview summarizing L1 events of normal in utero and perinatal mouse cns OD with examples of common developmental abnormalities this annotated color atlas can be used to identify normal structure and histology when phenotyping genetically engineered mice and will enhance efforts to describe and interpret brain and spinal cord malformations as causes of mouse embryonic and perinatal lethal phenotypes the schematics and images in this C1 illustrate L1 developmental events during gestation from embryonic day e to e and after birth from PN day p to p | MEDAL |
radiation synovectomy is efficacious in controlling the PS of rheumatoid ICA however the procedure is not widely used because of concerns about leakage of radiopharmaceuticals from the treated joints leakage can be minimized by selecting particles of an appropriate size in this T0 we labelled microspheres with re and analysed its biodistribution after intraarticular injection in rabbits with antigeninduced arthritis gamma camera imaging was performed to quantify the mean PR of re in the knees the mean PR of re was and at and h respectively the biodistribution data revealed very low radioactivity in all organs at different times which suggests the leakage of radiotracer from the knee was negligible our preliminary results indicate that re microspheres are a potentially ERP radiopharmaceutical for radiation synovectomy | MEDAL |
passive heymann nephritis phn a MM of experimental membranous nephropathy produced by the administration of antifxa antibody was studied by micropuncture measurement of glomerular hemodynamics and by assessment of immunologic and morphologic findings the effect of complement depletion on these parameters was evaluated by administering cobra venom factor five days C2 of antifxa ab to phn controls abnormal proteinuria developed and nephron filtration rate decreased due to modest reductions in nephron plasma flow and major reductions in the glomerular ultrafiltration coefficient glomerular capillary hydrostatic pressure gradient was significantly increased and decreased tubular reabsorption was also evident complement depletion prevented abnormal PU and normalized tubular reabsorption and some of the glomerular hemodynamic parameters nephron plasma flow and PG gradient values for the glomerular ultrafiltration coefficient a possible index of membrane damage were significantly improved after cobra venom factor treatment although they remained below normal values only minimal differences in glomerular and epithelial cell morphology and appearance of electrondense material were noted between phn and phn cobra venom factor these data suggest therefore that both complementdependent and independent mechanisms contribute to explain the changes in nephron filtration and reabsorption that occur in this MM of exp membranous nephropathy | MEDAL |
to investigate whether hlaa b c and dr alloantigen frequencies are different in diabetic patients with and without necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum we studied insulindependent type i diabetics with and without necrobiosis and NCs compared to controls type i diabetics had increased frequencies of b cw and dr and decreased frequencies of dr and dr diabetics with necrobiosis differed from diabetics without necrobiosis only in that hlaa was significantly less frequent in patients with necrobiosis it is suggested that the lack of major differences between patients with and without necrobiosis argues in favour of the role of metabolic andor vascular rather than genetic factors in the aetiology of necrobiosis | MEDAL |
exposure of isolated mouse hepatocytes to a toxic concentration of acetaminophen mm resulted in damage to the mitochondrial respiratory apparatus the nature of this damage was investigated by measuring respiration stimulated by sitespecific substrates in digitoninpermeabilized hepatocytes after acetaminophen SE QO2 stimulated by succinate at energycoupling site was most CS to inhibition and was decreased by after h respiration supported by nadhlinked substrates site was also decreased but to a lesser extent while there was no decrease in the rate of ascorbate nnnntetramethylpphenylenediamine tmpdsupported QO2 site the loss of mitochondrial respiratory CF was accompanied by a decrease in atp C2 and atpadp ratios in the cytosolic compartment and was preceded by a loss of reduced glutathione in both the cytosol and mitochondria all these effects occurred well before the loss of cell membrane integrity the putative toxic metabolite of acetaminophen nacetylpbenzoquinonimine napqi produced a similar DP of respiratory dysfunction in isolated hepatic mitochondria QO2 stimulated by succinate and nadhlinked substrates was very sensitive to microm napqi while ascorbate tmpdsupported QO2 was unaffected the interaction between napqi and the respiratory chain was further investigated using submitochondrial particles succinate dehydrogenase associated with respiratory complex ii was found to be very sensitive to napqi while nadh dehydrogenase respiratory complex i was inhibited to a lesser extent our results indicate that a loss of the ability to utilize succinate and nadhlinked substrates due to attack of the RC by napqi causes a disruption of SE homeostasis in acetaminophen hepatotoxicity | MEDAL |
polysomnographic studies were done at hourly intervals during and ppm of ozone o SE we found a significant decrease in PS after h and an increase in slow wave sleep T3 h at all concentrations of o high resolution liquid chromatography demonstrated an increase in ht concentration in the rat pons in a roughly stepwise fashion as the o concentration increased we propose that reaction products derived from o SE such as prostaglandins could be affecting those physiological and PSA mechanisms critical for the generation and maintenance of the sleepwake cycle | MEDAL |
mast syndrome spg is a CO AR complicated form of hereditary spastic paraplegia hsp characterized by PSD thin CC VWM CA and cerebellar and extrapyramidal signs in addition to spastic paraparesis a nucleotide insertion resulting in premature truncation of the spg gene product maspardin underlies this disorder likely leading to loss of protein CF in this T0 we generated spg KO by HR as a possible rat for spg though spg mice appeared normal at birth within several months they developed gradually progressive hind limb dysfunction CBF cortical SN cultured from spg mice exhibited significantly more axonal branching than SN from wildtype animals while comprehensive neuropathological analysis of spg mice did not reveal definitive CA since alterations in axon branching have been seen in neurons derived from animal models of other forms of hsp as well as motor neuron diseases this may represent a common cellular pathogenic theme | MEDAL |
whole body studies using longlived growth hormone receptor gene disrupted or knock out ghrko mice report global gh resistance increased insulin sensitivity reduced insulinlike growth factor igf and cognitive PR in oldage however little is known about the neurobiological status of these mice the aim of this T0 was to determine if glutamatergic and inflammatory markers that are altered in aging andor agerelated diseases and disorders are preserved in mice that experience increased healthspan we examined messenger ribonucleic acid mrna expression C2 in the brain of to to and to month ghrko and normal aging control mice in the hippocampus glutamate transporter glt and antiinflammatory nuclear factor kappalightchainenhancer of activated B1 nfκbp were elevated in to month ghrko mice compared with agematched controls in the hypothalamus nfκbp nfκbp igf receptor igfr glutamateaspartate transporter glast and aminomethyloxo dihydro oxazolyl propanoic acid receptor subunit glua were elevated in to andor to month ghrko mice when comparing genotypes finally interleukin beta ilβ mrna was reduced in to andor to month ghrko mice compared with nu/+ in all BB areas examined these data support the importance of decreased BB inflammation in early adulthood and maintained homeostasis of the glutamatergic and inflammatory systems in extended longevity | MEDAL |
microsporidia are obligate intracellular sporeforming fungalrelated pathogens that employ a unique organelle the polar tube to transfer infectious spore contents into host cells to initiate infection spore adherence to host cells may provide the proximity required for polar tubehost cell interaction during in vivo infection in previous in vitro studies host sulfated glycosaminoglycans gags or recombinant microsporidia endospore protein enp was implicated in the pathogen adherence and infection process however complete ablation of spore adherence and infection could not be achieved suggesting that additional or alternative spore and host cell determinants of adherence and infection may exist analysis of the encephalitozoon intestinalis genome revealed about predicted proteins containing the canonical integrinbinding motif arginineglycineaspartic acid rgd and many pathogens have been shown to engage Int molecules on cell surfaces we hypothesized that host cell integrins play a role in microsporidia adherence and infection in this study we demonstrated that addition of exogenous integrin ligands or recombinant alpha beta integrin or alpha beta integrin to assays of e intestinalis adherence and infection significantly reduced spore adherence and infection of host cells supporting our hypothesis and implicating these TPS integrins as putative host cell receptors for e intestinalis spores | MEDAL |
this paper presents a FR of noninteractive algorithms for the mapping of blood flow information to vessels in dra images with the presented method mapping of flow information to dra images is done automatically without user interaction so far radiologists had to perform this task by extensive image comparisons and did not obtain visualizations of the results in our RPA flow information is reconstructed by forward projection of vessel pieces in a dra image to a twodimensional projection series capturing the propagation of a short additional contrast agent bolus for accurate dd image registration an efficient patient motion compensation technique is introduced as an exemplary flowrelated quantity bolus arrival times are reconstructed for the vessel pieces by matching of intensitytime curves a plausibility check FR was developed which handles projection ambiguities and corrects for noisy flow reconstruction results it is based on a linear NLP approach to model the FF structure of the vessel the flow reconstruction method was applied to cases of CBF stenoses avms and aneurysms and it proved to be feasible in the clinical environment the propagation of the injected contrast agent was reconstructed and visualized in threedimensional images the flow reconstruction method was able to visualize different types of useful information in cases of stenosis of the middle cerebral i.a. mca flow reconstruction can reveal impeded blood flow depending on the severeness of the stenosis with cases of avms flow reconstruction can clarify the feeding structure the presented methods handle the problems imposed by clinical demands such as noninteractive algorithms patient motion compensation short reconstruction times and technical requirements such as correction of noisy bolus arrival times and handling of overlapping vessel pieces problems occurred mainly in the reconstruction and segmentation of dra images in cases of complex avms the concentration of injected UCA was often not sufficient to provide highly contrasted vessels in dra images another segmentationrelated problem is known as kissing vessels kissing vessel artifacts introduce artificial vessel junctions and thereby distort the FF structure of the vessel this may finally cause implausible flow reconstruction results and inverse flow directions in vessel segments we are currently planning to validate our reconstruction results using particle imaging velocimetry piv piv experiments with phantoms for which the true flow parameters are known will allow for the assessment of the accuracy of our contrast agent based method in the context of computational fluid dynamics techniques the potential of the presented flow reconstruction method is high flow reconstruction results based on the presented method could be used both as boundary conditions for simulations and as a REF for the validation of simulation results computational fluid dynamics provide useful information such as arterial wall shear AS and complex flow patterns in aneurysms | MEDAL |
shigellosis is an acute diarrhoeal disease that is the main cause of morbidity and mortality in developing countries in the colombian instituto nacional de salud microbiology group organized a network surveillance program with the countrys public health laboratories phls to monitor the principal etiological agents responsible for acute diarrhoeal disease in may the phl of the state of cundinamarca reported a food poisoning outbreak involving an elementary school community the main goal of the microbiology group involvement was to establish the molecular relationships among the isolates from the outbreak by phenotypic and genotypic methods of characterization stool cultures were obtained from of affected individuals the microbiology group confirmed the identification of the isolates by biochemical and serological probes the antimicrobial susceptibilities were tested against the following battery of antibiotics chloramphenicol trimehoprimsulfamethozazole cefotaxime gentamicin ampicillin and ciprofloxacin the isolates were subjected to PFG PACE pfge using the following cdc us centers for disease control protocols xbal restriction enzyme shigella sonnei cdc f as the reference standard and lambda phage as a molecular weight marker in of stool cultures shigella was recovered all isolates were identified as shigella flexneri serotype biotype newcastle with the same antimicrobial susceptibility profile pfge showed that isolates were identical genetic similarity and the other were very closely related genetic similarity between the network system permitted the ins ready access to the isolates and the implementation of the pfge permitted a quantitative characterization of the clonal relationship among the isolates from the outbreak | MEDAL |
highly ndeacetylated chitosan was chosen as a NK chiral origin for the synthesis of the selectors of chiral stationary phases therefore chitosan was firstly acylated by various alkyl chloroformates yielding chitosan alkoxyformamides and then these resulting products were further derivatized with methylphenyl isocyanate to afford chitosan bismethylphenylcarbamatealkoxyformamide a series of CSPs was prepared by coating these derivatives on aminopropyl silica gel the content of the derivatives on the chiral stationary phases was nearly by weight the CSPs prepared from chitosan bismethylphenylcarbamateethoxyformamide and chitosan bismethylphenylcarbamateisopropoxyformamide comparatively showed better enantioseparation capability than those prepared from chitosan bismethylphenylcarbamatenpentoxyformamide and chitosan bismethylphenylcarbamatebenzoxyformamide the tolerance against organic solvents of the chiral stationary phase of chitosan bismethylphenylcarbamateethoxyformamide was investigated and the results revealed that this phase can work in ethyl acetate and CF mobile phases because assynthesized chiral selectors did not dissolve in many common organic solvents the corresponding chiral stationary phases can be utilized in a wider range of mobile phases in comparison with conventional coating type chiral stationary phases of cellulose and amylose derivatives | MEDAL |
antecedent hypoglycemia can blunt neuroendocrine and autonomic nervous system responses to nextday exercise in type diabetes the aim of this T0 was to determine whether antecedent increase of plasma cortisol is a mechanism responsible for this finding | MEDAL |
for decades clinical treatment of depression has usually involved antidepressants that target noradrenergic and serotonergic neurotransmission over the past half century no genuinely groundbreaking progress has been made in the pharmacological OD of antidepressant drugs DA mesolimbic and mesocortical systems are involved in hedonia and motivation types of EC when present in endometrial biopsy or curettage these PT may display a unique microglandular architectural pattern mimicking benign microglandular hyperplasia mgh of the endocervix we compared the immunoprofile of mucad and miglad with that of mgh and benign endocervical PG to identify the markers that would reliably separate these malignancies from benign endocervical tissue a total of miglad and mucad cases were collected for the study fifteen consecutive cases of benign endocervical PG and mgh were used as a control group all cases were stained for vimentin p ki bcl survivin cd and cd p was the only marker that showed a significantly different IF pattern between the benign and malignant cases whereas the staining for vimentin ki bcl and survivin demonstrated marked overlaps all but mucad and miglad cases were positive for p whereas none of the cases of benign mucinous endocervical epithelium and mgh showed p positivity furthermore the stromal cells of endocervix demonstrated weak to moderate positivity for cd and strong positivity for cd whereas endometrial PT showed a reverse DP with strong stromal positivity for cd and either no or only weak IF for cd in conclusion epithelial p and stromal cdcd immunostaining can be useful in distinguishing mucad and miglad from benign endocervical epithelium in endometrial sampling | MEDAL |
the influence of aerobic capacity on the cardiovascular response to handgrip exercise in relation to the MM involved in the effort was tested in trained men t days gestation were studied using the wholecell patchclamp technique in naexternal csinternal and nominally mgfree solutions the nicotinic agonists acetylcholine anatoxina and and NIC all evoked inward wholecell currents in HPC SN that were voltage clamped near their resting potentials sensitivity to anatoxina was first detected at around day and thereafter the magnitude of the response increased as a function of number of DIC up to about days the wholecell current waveforms consisted of more than one peak whose relative amplitude depended on the agonist concentration these currents were reversibly blocked by micromolar concentrations of dtubocurarine mecamylamine and dihydrobetaerythroidine at nanomolar concentrations neuronal bungarotoxin alphabungarotoxin and alphacobratoxin caused an irreversible blockade of the currents but they were unaffected by tetrodotoxin atropine dlaminophosphonovaleric acid mg and dinitroquinoxalinedione in addition the currents were also blocked in a reversible manner by methyllycaconitine at picomolar concentration the currentvoltage plots elicited by both anatoxina and acetylcholine revealed larger inward currents and smaller or no outward currents the present results demonstrate the existence of an inwardly rectifying snake neurotoxinsensitive PET nicotinic acetylcholine receptor ion channel in rat HPC neurons | MEDAL |
deletion is a common cause of DMD dmd fieldinversion gel PACE in conjunction with southern blot hybridization was used to detect C1 sfii dna fragments in the dmd locus two unrelated boys with dmd were found to have abnormal sized dna fragments resulting from deletions some of the female relatives of these patients were also shown by this method to have deletions in the dmd locus | MEDAL |
raising the sodium concentration in the third cerebral ventricle increases renal sodium potassium and water excretion the ID and characterization of the AF mediating the centrally evoked natriuresis would be greatly facilitated if the exact intrarenal effector site were known we have assessed the importance of inner medullary structures for the effects of cns stimulation by examining its ability to alter renal excretion in rats with papillary necrosis induced d earlier with bromoethylamine hydrobromide bea mg kg body wt iv male lewis x da rats were divided into a beatreated group n and a control group receiving vehicle CT n in contrast to the white papillae normally seen the papillae of beatreated animals were bright red and showed a clear line of demarcation at their base the rats were anaesthetized ip with inactin mg kg body wt artificial CSF fluid csf was infused nl min via a cannula into the LL IVT T3 min csf containing m nacl was used stimulation of the control rats with hypertonic csf increased urine flow rate fivefold to microl min na excretion fold to mumol min and k excretion fourfold to mumol min when the concentration mechanisms were damaged with bea the basal excretion rates of water and na increased the natriuretic response to icv stimulation was severely impaired in these rats but the kaliuretic effect was sustainedabstract truncated at words | MEDAL |
analysis of pepsinresistant proteins produced in SC by monkey aortic smooth muscle cells smc indicates the synthesis of types i and iii collagen as determined by carboxymethylcellulose chromatography and disc gel PACE smc cultures synthesize more type iii collagen than monkey skin FB cultures aortic adventitial cell cultures a mixture of smc and fibroblasts synthesize an intermediate amount of type iii collagen both types i and iii procollagens can also be isolated from the culture medium of smc and skin fibroblasts the procollagens were separated by diethylaminoethylcellulose deaecellulose chromatography in identified by electrophoresis and T3 cleavage with pepsin and cyanogen bromide quantitation of the PC by deaecellulose chromatography suggests that of the smc procollagens and less than of the skin fibroblast procollagens are type iii on the other hand estimation of the proportions of collagen types secreted by cells employing pepsin digestion of cell culture medium at degrees c leads to an underestimation of the amount of type iii collagen relative to type i smc and fibroblasts may differ in their ability to convert type i procollagen to collagen ad indicated by the observation that skin FB SC medium contains both pn and pc collagen intermediates T3 h while cultures of smc essentially lack the pc collagen intermediates | MEDAL |
although increased blood viscosity occurs in several cardiovascular diseases little is known of factors influencing blood rheology in normal adults accordingly we examined the relations of whole BV wbv to its rheologic determinants hematocrit level plasma viscosity protein concentration and red cell aggregability and rigidity to demographic and laboratory variables and to cardiovascular risk factors in normotensive employed adults hematocrit C2 accounted for of variability of wbv at shear rates from to sec with lesser contributions from plasma viscosity red cell aggregability and rigidity multiple r wbv was predicted accurately from standard measurements of hematocrit and TPP levels multiple r in learning and test analysis male sex obesity dietary na NI and increasing age had additive effects on wbv multiple r greater than or equal to p less than the last three of these AF and black race independently predicted plasma viscosity multiple r p less than among regulators of CPV plasma renin activity and urinary na excretion bore independent positive relations to wbv diastolic and mean BPs were independent predictors of wbv and hematocrit levels all p less than conventional risk factors eg triglycerides obesity and cholesterol levels were positively related to wbv or plasma viscosity thus in apparently normal adults wbv or plasma viscosity are increased by male sex obesity high sodium intake aging and black race wbv is positively related to plasma renin activity wbv or plasma viscosity are related to diastolic and mean blood pressures triglycerides and cholesterol concentrations and wbv can be predicted from simple measurements of hematocrit and TPP C2 | MEDAL |
methylenedianiline dapm rapidly injures biliary epithelial cells bec in vivo prior to evident bec injury biliary gl and inorganic phosphate appreciably rise which could stem from loosened tight junctions tj concurrently ultrastructural abnormalities in bec mitochondria of dapmtreated animals are observed suggesting other impairments our objective was to develop an in vitro bec MM to assess the time course of impairments in tj integrity glucose uptake and mitochondrial CF following dapm exposure we exposed monolayers of primary polarized rat bec to bile collected from rats prior to basal bile or after oral treatment dapmbile with mg dapmkg dapmbile collected during min st hr and during min nd hr T3 treatment was pooled from four to six rats when monolayers were exposed to st hr dapmbile for min metabolic activity xtt CA decreased approximately and transepithelial resistance decreased approximately in PA with an approximately increase in leakage of a glucose analog methylalphadglucopyranoside amg from apical to basolateral media by min amg uptake was decreased approximately mitochondrial CF was very rapidly compromised with approximately increases in the greentored fluorescence ratio of jc mitochondrial membrane potential dye at min and approximately decreases in atp levels at min this CS of events indicates that dapm impairs bec mitochondria prior to impairments in gl uptake or tj integrity thus our in vitro primary rat becbile SE model mimics in vivo observations and yields basic information about the time course of events that occur during dapminduced injury | MEDAL |
twenty patients with astrocytomas recurrent T3 surgery radiation were treated on a phase ii protocol of the new anthracycline derivative menogaril mgm i.v. once per week sixteen patients were evaluable for treatment efficacy no patient achieved a major therapeutic response three patients had stable disease for greater than weeks including one who showed minor evidence of RT regression but less than thirteen patients failed treatment was well tolerated one patient developed granulocytopenia while none developed TP four patients required an interruption in their treatment for one to two weeks because of development of granulocytopenia one patient or other reasons other toxic effects included arm vein phlebitis and skin irritation skin discoloration of the infused arm mild to moderate nausea and vomiting diarrhea stomatitis and a fatal CE venous catheter infection despite the fact that menogaril appeared to have therapeutic activity against recurrent astrocytomas in our phase i studies we could not document any activity in this phase ii study | MEDAL |
the onset of type a diabetes before the first year of age is a rare condition and is probably due to an interaction between genetic and environmental factors infection which together may explain such an early event studies say that about of newly diagnosed type diabetic patients had human cytomegalovirus cmv specific viral genome in their lymphocytes we report two cases of dizygotic twins with type diabetes ON in their first months of age with genetic homogeneity for hla drdr alleles a PH of cmv infection positive igg and urinary pcr and positive antibody antigad uiml present only in the second twin although they were dizygotic twins which concordance rate is they assume the equivalent risk as MZ as they have similar high risk TT hla for type diabetes we believe that both time concordance and also the early onset of diabetes are due to an association between infection and the high genetic liability | MEDAL |
in a placebocontrolled randomized DR T0 the effect of the prostaglandin analogue epoprostenol flolan on the plasma level of atrial natriuretic peptide has been investigated in healthy control subjects during epoprostenol infusion atrial natriuretic peptide increased significantly in a dosedependent manner while it remained unchanged during placebo infusion ng min kg epoprostenol versus placebo ng min kg epoprostenol versus placebo ng min kg epoprostenol versus placebo medians p for all mean blood pressure and heart rate increased significantly after epoprostenol but were unchanged during PL infusion ng min kg mean blood pressure epoprostenol versus PL heart rate epoprostenol versus PL medians p it is concluded that epoprostenol given intravenously increases the plasma level of atrial natriuretic peptide the results support the hypothesis of an interaction between the prostaglandin system and atrial natriuretic peptide | MEDAL |
the number of patients coming to endstage renal disease esrd continues to increase annually challenging the existing system of renal replacement therapy moreover these patients on average are older at the onset of esrd and are living longer T3 the initiation of RRT the choice of modality of RRT hemodialysis PD or transplantation that is best suited for a particular patient is thus increasingly important important AF to consider include not only mortality and morbidity but also SQ of life patient age and social circumstances and the etiology of esrd three esrd patient populations in particular diabetic patients the elderly and the patients with hiv infection or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome aids present renal care providers with complex issues as to RRT and outcomes motivated patients with available resources no matter what their cause of esrd should be considered as excellent candidates for HHD this modality of RRT is associated with improved survival and quality of life when compared with other modes of dialysis | MEDAL |
in early alzheimers PSD there is a need for pet biomarkers of PD with close associations to cognitive dysfunction that may aid to predict further cognitive decline and neurodegeneration amyloid biomarkers are not suitable for that purpose the αβ nicotinic acetylcholine receptors αβnachrs are widely abundant in the human BB as neuromodulators they play an important role in cognitive functions such as attention learning and memory postmortem studies reported lower expression of αβnachrs in more advanced alzheimers dementia however there is ongoing controversy whether αβnachrs are reduced in early alzheimers PSD therefore using the recently developed αβnachrspecific radioligand fflubatine and pet we aimed to quantify the αβnachr availability and its relationship to specific cognitive dysfunction in mild alzheimers PSD fourteen nonsmoking patients with mild alzheimers PSD drugnaïve for cholinesterase therapy were compared with nonsmoking HCs matched for age sex and education by applying fflubatine pet together with a neuropsychological test battery the onetissue compartment model and logan plot method with AIF were used for kinetic analysis to obtain the total CSD volume vt as the primary and the TPS IB part of the distribution volume vs as the AA quantitative outcome measure of αβnachr availability vs was determined by using a pseudoreference region correlations between vt within relevant BB regions and zscores of five cognitive functions EM executive functionworking SM attention language visuospatial function were calculated vt and vs were applied for betweengroup comparisons volume of interest and statistical parametric mapping analyses were carried out analyses revealed that in patients with mild alzheimers PSD compared to HCs there was significantly lower vt especially within the hippocampus frontotemporal cortices and basal forebrain which was similar to comparisons of vs vt decline in alzheimers dementia was associated with distinct domains of impaired cognitive SF-36 especially episodic memory and executive functionworking memory using fflubatine pet in patients with mild alzheimers dementia we show for the first time a ACh αβnachr deficiency mainly present within the basal forebraincortical and septohippocampal ACh projections and a relationship between lower αβnachr availability and impairment of distinct cognitive domains notably episodic memory and executive functionworking SM this shows the potential of fflubatine as pet biomarker of cholinergic αβnachr dysfunction and specific cognitive decline thus if validated by longitudinal pet studies fflubatine might become a pet biomarker of progression of neurodegeneration in alzheimers PSD | MEDAL |
the effects of alphatocopherol VE deficiency on membrane properties of platelets were studied to determine if vitamin e has a measureable stabilizing role in biological CM three CG of rats and three of mice were studied two CG consisted of fisher CS rats and one of spraguedawley rats fed a draper corn oil diet with and without high C2 of supplementary vitamin e the mice were two groups of balbc animals maintained on an hydrogenated coconut oil diet and one group of cbaj mice on an lard diet in each case either deficient in or supplemented with vitamin e the relative content of fatty acids obtained from both rat platelets and erythrocytes was unchanged by vitamin e deficiency depletion of vitamin e had no effect on the degree of FP of diphenylhexatrienelabeled rat platelets no changes in hematocrit values were seen in any of the studies the PLT count of only the vitamin edeficient spraguedawley rats was elevated with respect to vitamin esupplemented counterparts the others remained constant PLT reactivities as measured by adpand thrombininduced platelet aggregation and by the thrombininduced changes in PLT TMP were unaffected by vitamin e deficiency in all three CG of rats our results indicate that a membrane stabilizing effect of VE on rat PLT or EA membrane fatty acids or on platelet response to external stimuli could not be demonstrated nor was elevation in platelet count a general phenomenon associated with vitamin e deficiencywhitin j c r k gordon l m corwin and e r simons thover a period of seventeen weeks timolol was instilled twice daily into the conjunctival sack or pilocarpine four times daily the results of the investigations may be summarised as follows timolol achieved a moderate reduction in iop of compared to a drop with pilocarpine under treatment with timolol there was a statistically significant reduction in PP rate of also a slight drop in bloodpressure of systolic and diastolic during this study those treated with timolol showed no statistical changes of VA visual field or on slit lamp examination and ophthalmoscopy of the optic disk and retina the average pupillary diameter and tear flow schirmer test were little changed in the group of patients treated with timolol whereas in the pilocarpine group the size of the pupil decreased by as expected | MEDAL |
we prepared murine monoclonal antibodies to porcine PLT membrane glycoprotein gp ib and gp iibiiia for further study of the porcine hemostatic mechanism one monoclonal antibody designated ppc blocked ristocetininduced PLT agglutination and caused inhibition of ristocetininduced ivon willebrand factor vwf binding to porcine platelets at a concentration of greater than or equal to micrograms iggml ppc did not affect adenosine diphosphate adp or collageninduced platelet aggregation IB of ifab fragments of ppc to platelets was saturable at x x molecules per platelet another monoclonal antibody designated ppa blocked adp or collageninduced PLT aggregation at micrograms iggml at a concentration of micrograms iggml ppa completely inhibited binding either of ifibrinogen or of ivwf to adpstimulated platelets ppa did not affect ristocetininduced platelet agglutination nor ivwf binding to platelets in the presence of ristocetin binding of ifab fragments of ppa to platelets was saturable at x x molecules per PLT ppc antibody antigp ib did not bind to human platelets however ppa antibody antigp iibiiia had partial crossreactivity with human platelets immunoaffinity chromatography of solubilized surfaceradiolabeled porcine platelets and subsequent sodium dodecyl sulfate sdspolyacrylamide gel electrophoresis demonstrated that ppc recognized a gp with an apparent molecular weight of nonreduced and reduced ppa recognized gps with apparent molecular weights of and nonreduced and and reduced these monoclonal antibodies to porcine platelet membrane gps which are structural and PET analogues of human gp ib and gp iibiiia will be useful for in vitro and in vivo studies of the rat hemostatic mechanism | MEDAL |
we investigated the changes in glutamate release from the ipsi and contralesional medial vestibular nucleus mvn following UL ul by in vivo MD T0 the concentration of glu in the ipsilesional mvn was decreased until h twelve hours after ul the concentration of glutamate was restored back to the basal level T3 which the PR did not show any change between and h postul in contrast the concentration of glu in the contralesional mvn which increased immediately T3 ul decreased gradually to the basal level until h postul followed by no further NC the difference in the glutamate concentration between ipsi and contralesional mvn increased immediately T3 ul and gradually decreased accompanied by a reduction in the frequency of nystagmus although spontaneous nystagmus had not disappeared by the time the imbalance of glutamate release diminished these results suggest that the imbalance of glu PR between bilateral nuclei induced the nystagmus and the NC in release is concerned with the rapid OD of vestibular compensation | MEDAL |
the main purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of diclofenac sodium ds on the total number of neurons in segment t of the spinal cord of F1 of Pr rats using stereological methods eighteen adult female wistar albino rats weighing g were used Pr female rats were divided into three CG a control group a sham group and a ds mgkg IM exposed group the ds and sham groups received i.t. from the th day of gestation to the th twenty eight days after birth the offspring rats were perfused with buffered formalin t which is one of transverse spinal cord segments were isolated and processed for routine paraffin histology μm sections were obtained using a rotary microtome according to systematic random sampling strategies every th section was taken and sections were stained with modified giemsa all types of motor neuron cell were identified according to their morphology in this study the disectorcavalieri combination method was used in the stereological examination of SN the motor neurons were counted in the right GM of the ventral horn in the spinal cord segment the kruskalwallis test was used for comparison the groups in terms of motoneuron number no significant difference among the CG was found p in conclusion our results indicated that prenatal SE to ds has no effect on the total number of motor neuron of the offspring rats | MEDAL |
to characterize and classify erythrocytes of ranid tadpoles alcoholfixed blood smears were studied with dark field illumination all preclimax stage limb budfoot rana castesbeiana tadpoles from ponds in massachusetts had red blood cells that were polymorphic the majority of cells showed a bright granular luminescence varying from white to bluegrey whereas cytoplasm of the other cells was smooth black and nonluminescent on the other hand tadpoles in similar stages from other species rana clamitans mass and rana pipens vermont and from r catesbeiana tadpoles from other locations wisconsin and north carolina had no observable cytoplasmic luminescence in any of their red blood cells moreover as mass r catesbeiana underwent metamorphic climax their luminescent cells disappeared and were replaced by small round dark nonluminescent cells precursors of the oval nonluminescent erythrocytes characteristic of adult frogs cells with black nonluminescent cytoplasm generally contained nuclei which were luminescent in conclusion two main types of red blood cellsthose with and those without cytoplasmic luminescenceare distinguishable with dark field microscopy luminescence of the cells varies with species geographic location and developmental stage of the tadpoles | MEDAL |
gangliosides from normal leukocytes and the cells of patients with acute and chronic one were tested for the presence of the disialoganglioside iialphanacetylneuraminosylalpha nacetylneuraminosyllactosylceramide gd gd was detected by immunostaining thinlayer chromatographs with an antigd monoclonal antibody abr among the myeloid cells tested HAL cells were positive for gd whereas chronic CEM and normal neutrophils did not have detectable gd a range of gd reactivity was apparent within the AML CEM gangliosides from pure myeloid leukemia cells stained more intensely than those from leukemia cells with monocytic characteristics all lymphocytic one cells chronic and acute contained gd but this ganglioside could not be detected in extracts from normal lymphocytes a ganglioside extract from the cells of a patient with HCL was also positive for gd immunostaining these results demonstrate that normal WBCs and chronic myelogenous CEM are distinguished from other lymphoid and nonlymphoid CEM on the basis of gd ganglioside expression | MEDAL |
a novel methodology is proposed for food specifications associated with the origin of food the methodology was tested on honey samples collected within the trace eu project the data were sampled in various regions in europe and analysed for the trace elements content the sampling sites were characterized by different geological origins such as limestone shale or magmatic we have chosen elements b na mg a k ca mn co ni cu zn rb sr and ba due to their influence on the separation of samples regarding the geology of the sampling CS a special architecture of an error backpropagation neural network so called bottleneck type of neural network was used to project the data into a d plane the data were fed into the NO input SL and then transferred through the NO hidden layer compared to a bottleneck to the nodes output mulation sequence and location on the temporal vulnerability in Epi and endocardial CS in an arterially perfused rabbit left ventricular wedge preparation at three basic CLs bcl of and ms an S2 s was introduced at coupling intervals incremented by ms to scan the entire DI the results showed that the vulnerable window increased with the lengthening of bcl which ranged from ms at bcl of ms to ms at bcl of ms for endocardial and is a similar style for epicardial from ms at bcl of ms to ms at bcl of ms p the vulnerable window of endocardial was wider than that of epicardial p furthermore the window size for reentry was about smaller than that for unidirectional conduction block meanwhile we found that increasing the number of premature beats enlarged the vulnerable window markedly due to enhanced transmural dispersion of repolarization tdr of IVT the vulnerable window is an ERP index to evaluate the increased risk for unidirectional conduction block therefore the AF that increase the vulnerable window are associated with the higher incidence of VVI arrhythmias | MEDAL |
this paper describes the disposition of caffeine and its metabolites theophylline theobromine and paraxanthine in the day fetal and AD brains following a single maternal dose of or mgkg caffeine brains and plasma were collected and min and and h after dosing it was found that fetal and adult caffeine auc area under the concentrationtime curve values did not differ between the brain and plasma at either dose caffeines primary metabolites theophylline TB and paraxanthine did however accumulate in the fetal BB at both doses resulting in a fold increase in brain metabolite SE compared to fetal circulatory levels in contrast to the fetus metabolite auc values T3 a dose of mgkg were found to be lower in the brains of adults compared with plasma this suggests that caffeines primary metabolites might be selectively excluded from the adult BB in conclusion we have shown that unlike the adult the fetal rat BB accumulates theophylline TB and paraxanthine when exposed to caffeine doses comparable to those attainable by normal human consumption since many aspects of caffeine metabolism are similar in the rat and human we suggested that particular attention should be paid to the consumption of caffeine during pregnancy | MEDAL |
recent studies of alzheimers disease patients have demonstrated a marked structural and PSA alterations in brain regions associated with olfactory CF including the olfactory bulb and entorhinal cortex and b decrements in the ability to identify odorants in CS of such findings we po the university of PA smell identification test upsit and a forcedchoice phenyl ethyl alcohol odor detection threshold test to a relatively large number of patients diagnosed on the basis of stringent criteria as having mild to moderately severe alzheimers disease compared to age gender and racematched normal controls these individuals evidenced consistent and marked decrements on both types of olfactory tests ps less than surprisingly few of the patients were aware of their disorder despite its appearance early in the disease process these findings indicate that both odor identification and odor detection problems are present in dementia of the alzheimers type and raise the possibility that the odor ID problem may be secondary to the odor PCD problem | MEDAL |
the striking association between the spondyloarthropathies and hlab transcends all ethnic and geographical boundaries the relationship between the various entities is well defined for many conditions but others such as pustulotic arthroosteitis uSpA and seronegative enthesopathic arthropathy of childhood are less clear the association between b and disease is less dramatic in noncaucasians where crossreacting antigens and other genetic determinants may be more important worldwide some of individuals develop sacroiliitis or reiters syndrome following an unknown or specific L3 agent respectively the debate continues as to whether b itself is operative or whether additional gene or genes are required detailed epidemiological and molecular analysis is required | MEDAL |
OCR has been recognized as the result of mechanical stimulation to the orbital tissue the authors encountered a case of severe arrhythmia due to oculocardiac reflex in a patient with a zygomatic fracture previous health examinations suggested no abnormalities in the heart in his schooldays and the initial diagnosis of his arrhythmia as CR av block due to injury using ecg and cardiac ultrasonography because his arrhythmia did not improve spontaneously he underwent cardiac pacing T3 repair of the fracture his arrhythmia CR disappeared the pacemaker was removed on the first postoperative day the pathogenesis of this rare case will be discussed | MEDAL |
a method has been developed for the preparation of protoplasts from both the leaves and tubers of callilepis laureola a plant used extensively as a medicament by black people in south africa the cellular vacuoles from these protoplasts were isolated and tested for the presence of the nephrotoxic substance atractyloside by thin SL chromatography and immunoassay both methods indicate that the vacuole of c laureola is the primary site of storage for ATR in the cells of the tuber | MEDAL |
cytotoxic activity of polymorphonuclear leukocytes pmn in the peripheral blood of patients with various diseases was demonstrated to k cells natural cytotoxicity nc and the antibodycoated p cells antibodydependent cellular cytotoxicity adcc using a crrelease method the nc values of normal pmn were lower than those of normal lymphocytes with mean values of and respectively the nc values of patients pmn were also lower in malignancy chronic hepatitis and CTDs the adcc values of normal pmn were moderately high with a mean value of which was almost a half of normal lymphocytes higher adcc values of pmn were found in patients with CH sle and BD and in these cases the adcc values of their lymphocytes were extremely low the S9 of pmn mixcultured with unlabeled k or the antibodycoated p cells were fairly cytotoxic to both cells though the similar supernatants of lymphocytes were cytotoxic only to k cells but not to the antibodycoated p cells | MEDAL |
four patients age range f m diagnosed with nonarteritic ischemic optic neuropathy experienced acute worsening of visual function T3 instillation of phenylephrine for dilated funduscopic examination they experienced decreased visual function immediately or shortly after administration of topical mydriatic drops given in preparation for funduscopy in all cases one drop each of phenylephrine and tropicamide was used three patients had CP risk AF such as hypertension diabetes and had a CL discatrisk the female and youngest patient had ION presumed secondary to lupus erythematosus the time from acute visual loss to presentation to neuroophthalmic care ranged from days the time of onset of the decline in visual function varied from T2 patient with lupus to hours T3 instillation of mydriatic drops visual acuity at diagnosis ranged from phenylephrine is a mydriatic with vasoconstrictive properties which may be absorbed through the cornea thus yielding nonnegligible intraocular concentrations vasoconstriction of the watershed posterior ciliary capillary beds may result in further precipitating infarction of already compromised circulatory territories in edematous optic SN because phenylephrine is a known vasoconstrictor in vivo and in vitro it is more likely to cause deleterious vasoconstriction and an acute decline in visual CF in patients with acute ischemic optic neuropathy than tropicamide the routine practice of using phenylephrine to prepare patients for funduscopic assessment should be reexamined particularly in patients with ION | MEDAL |
the macroscopic organization lipid head group conformation and structural and dynamic properties of ho were investigated in dioleoylphosphatidylcholine dopc MM systems of varying gramicidin and ho or ho content by means of smallangle xray diffraction and p and h nmr at low stages of hydration n less than n hodopc molar ratio a single lamellar phase is observed in which the gramicidin molecules become preferentially hydrated upon increasing n for less than n less than phase separation occurs between a gramicidinpoor and a gramicidinrich lamellar phase this latter phase is characterized by a smaller repeat distance and decreased dopc head group order for n greater than the gramicidinrich lamellar phase converts to a hexagonal hii phase thus hydration of gramicidin is a prerequisite for hii phase formation in the dopcgramicidin system the hii phase is very rich in gramicidin and ho gramicidindopcho www a MM is proposed in which selfassembly of hydrated gramicidin molecules into domains of a specific structure plays a determinant role in the formation of the hii phase by gramicidin | MEDAL |
patients with tietz syndrome have congenital profound deafness and generalised hypopigmentation inherited in a fully penetrant autosomal dominant fashion the pigmentary features and complete penetrance make this syndrome distinct among syndromes with pigmentary anomalies and deafness which characteristically have patchy depigmentation and variable penetrance only one family has been reported with the exact features described in the original report of this syndrome this family was reascertained and a missense mutation was found in the BR of the mitf gene in family members with tietz syndrome mutations in other regions of this gene have been found to produce waardenburg syndrome type ws which also includes pigmentary changes and hearing loss but in contrast to tietz syndrome depigmentation is patchy and hearing loss is variable in ws | MEDAL |
guinea pigs were irradiated with fast neutrons after a single dose of or gy was applied scanning and transmission electron microscopy of the temporal bone was performed to assess the effect of fast neutron irradiation on the cochlea outer hair cell damage appeared with neutron irradiation of more than gy and inner hair cell damage with neutron irradiation of more than gy outer hair cells were more severely damaged than inner hair cells no statistically significant differences were found in damage of basal middle and apical turns the second and third rows of outer hair cells were more severely damaged than the first row of outer hair cells the most significant findings in transmission electron microscopy were clumping of chromatin and extension of the heterochromatin in the nuclei of hair cells the cytoplasmic changes were sequestration of cytoplasm various changes of mitochondria formation of vacuoles and irregularly arranged stereocilia the morphologic NC in SV was intercellular and perivascular fluid accumulation it appeared to be a reversible process | MEDAL |
the lethal factor lf produced by toxigenic strains of bacillus anthracis is a znendopeptidase that cleaves the mitogenactivated protein kinase kinases mapkks mek mek and mkk using genetic and biochemical approaches we have D2 the T0 of lf proteolytic specificity to all known mapkk family members and found that lf also cleaves mkk mkk and mkk but not mek the peptide bonds hydrolysed by lf within all mapkks were identified cleavage invariably occurs within the NT prolinerich region preceding the kinase domain thus disrupting a CS involved in directing specific proteinprotein interactions necessary for the assembly of signalling complexes alignment of the sequences flanking the site of cleavage reveals the occurrence of some consensus motifs position p and p are occupied by hydrophobic residues and at least one basic residue is present between p and p the implications of these findings for the biochemical activity and functional specificity of lf are discussed | MEDAL |
ecadherinmediated cellcell adhesion is reduced in epithelial tumors which is thought to be a prerequisite to acquire invasive properties we observed that several pancreatic carcinoma cell lines with high M1 potential expressed normal C2 of ecadherin and possessed PET ecadherincatenin adhesion complexes when the cell lines panc bxpc and patus were cultured either on type i or type iii collagen EC mRNA was repressed and EC and catenin protein concentrations were reduced in contrast growth on fibronectin and CIV had no influence collagen type i or type iiidependent reduction of EC expression led to decreased cellcell adhesion increased proliferation and migratory activity as well as MT overexpression of G1 csrc in panc cells mimicked collageninduced EC downregulation and changed the elevated cell proliferation and migration conversely treatment of cells with the srcinhibitors pp or herbimycin a resulted in CR suppression of collagen type iinduced EC decrease our data demonstrate that TPS collagens are able to promote metastatic behavior by downregulation of EC mRNA in a srckinasedependent manner this points toward a novel mechanism for substratedependent signaling and underlines the significance of EM environment for tumor growth and invasiveness | MEDAL |
colostrum and blood samples were obtained on postpartum day and from lactating healthy women after delipidation and molecular sieving fractionation of colostrum interferongamma ifngamma and interleukin il could be readily measured by using a CS immunoassay antiviral activity could be also measured in some colostrum samples suggesting that interferon was biologically AS on the contrary corresponding plasma samples showed negligible activity these results expand previous data showing the presence of il RT CN factor TNF and il in normal colostrum and are in line with the concept of a basal cytokine production in physiological conditions all of these cytokines probably act on the OP and gutassociated lymphoid tissue of the P0 and favor the OD and maturation of the immune system | MEDAL |
the phytohormone abscisic acid aba plays crucial roles in various physiological processes including responses to abiotic stresses in plants recently multiple aba transporters were identified the lossoffunction and gainoffunction mutants of these transporters show altered aba sensitivity and stomata regulation highlighting the importance of aba transporters in abamediated processes however how the activity of these transporters is regulated remains elusive here we show that spatial regulation of atp IB casette g abcg an aba exporter is an important mechanism controlling its activity abcg as a soluble green fluorescent protein sgfp F0 was subject to posttranslational regulation via clathrindependent and AP complexdependent endocytosis followed by trafficking to the vacuole the levels of sgfpabcg at the BPM pm were regulated by abiotic stresses and exogenously applied aba pmlocalized sgfpabcg decreased under abiotic AS conditions via activation of endocytosis in an abaindependent manner but increased upon application of exogenous aba via activation of recycling from early endosomes in an abadependent manner based on these findings we propose that the spatial regulation of abcg is an important component of the mechanism by which plants finetune cellular aba levels according to cellular and environmental conditions | MEDAL |
neonatal susceptibility to overwhelming bacterial infection is commonly attributed to a relative deficiency in SS opsonic activity however few studies have compared the functional capacity of the CP complement pathway with that of the alternative complement pathway in the neonate the opsonic activity of nine maternal infant serum pairs were studied by determining percent uptake of radiolabeled escherichia coli seven motherinfant paired sera were studied using e coli strains known to be opsonized via the ACP the mean percent uptake of e coli opsonized in neonatal sera was of those opsonized in maternal sera and of those opsonized in control sera p less than two e coli strains requiring the classical complement pathway for opsonization were phagocytized equally well in maternal and infant sera of seven motherinfant pairs determination of antio HA inhibition hi antibody titers in six maternal sera for one CCP activating and one ACP CS showed no rho between percent phagocytosis and hi antibody titer these data would suggest that SS C2 of CP pathway components are probably adequate for opsonization of e coli via the classical pathway but that low alternative complement pathway activity in neonatal sera may contribute to the newborns increased susceptibility to bacterial sepsis | MEDAL |
coexisting pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema in the same individual has received increased attention we retrospectively investigated treatment outcomes of secondary spontaneous pneumothorax in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients with both PF and emphysema | MEDAL |
power spectral analysis was used to T0 temporalis muscle emg MICs during the sleepawake cycle in the rat emg spectra derived from emg during the states of slowwave sleep rem sleep and wakefulness demonstrated qualitative and quantitative differences diazepam treatment produced reductions in emg spectral power during wakefulness thus our experimental MM allows qualitative and quantitative delineation of emg activity associated with behavioral changes or drug treatments | MEDAL |
a radioimmunoassay for thymopoietin was developed that detects TP concentrations greater than ngml a critical point in development of the radioimmunossay was preparation of ilabeled thymopoietin by the boltonhunter method since direct iodination of tyrosyl residues impaired the immunoreactivity of thymopoietin | MEDAL |
epidural steroid injections are relatively safe procedures although the risk of hemorrhagic complications in patients undergoing longterm AC therapy is higher the american society for regional anesthesia and pain medicine has TPS guidelines for treatment of these patients when they undergo neuraxial anesthetic procedures in this paper the authors present a case in which the current american society for regional anesthesia and pain medicine guidelines were strictly followed with respect to withholding and reintroducing warfarin and enoxaparin T3 an EPI steroid i.t. but the patient nevertheless developed a spinal epidural hematoma requiring emergency surgical evacuation the authors compare the case with the other published cases of postinjection EPI hematomas in patients with coagulopathy and the TPS risk AF that may have contributed to the hemorrhagic complication in this patient is analyzed | MEDAL |
background the longterm efficacy of aldosteronereceptor antagonists aras as addon treatment in uncontrolled hypertension has not yet been reported methods data from patients with primary aldosteronism with essential hypertension with difficulttotreat hypertension who received an ara between may and september were analyzed retrospectively for their blood pressure bp and biochemical response at first followup after start with ara and the last followup available results SBP decreased by ± and diastolic bp by ± mmhg after a median treatment duration of months in patients that received treatment years sbp was ± and dbp was ± mmhg lower than at baseline multivariate analysis revealed that baseline bp and followup duration were positively correlated with bp response conclusion addon ara treatment in difficulttotreat hypertension results in a profound and sustained bp reduction | MEDAL |
alterations in serum concentrations of total triiodothyronine tt total thyroxine tt and thyroidstimulating hormone tsh frequently occur in NTI these changes correlate with the severity of the illness and the prognosis in this T0 patients undergoing a cardiovascular operation had significant declines in serum tt and tt C2 during cardiopulmonary bypass and thereafter SS tt and tt concentrations reached their nadir at minutes after the start of CP bypass with values SE of the mean of nmoll ngdl and nmoll microgramsdl respectively the mean serum concentrations of tsh and tt returned to preoperative C2 by the sixth day T3 operation whereas tt levels remained low throughout the T0 period the patients whose recovery was uneventful had higher SS tt tt and tsh levels than those who had complications or died the trend toward recovery was initiated by a sharp increase in the serum tsh level and increases in SS tt and tt concentrations on the fourth day after operation patients with complications either did not show these changes or had only a transient increase in tt and tt levels all of the patients had a normal SS FT level before anesthesia those with an uneventful REC had a higher serum free t level on the sixth day after T0 than those with complications two patients in the latter group had serum FT C2 less than normal at that timeabstract truncated at words | MEDAL |
bone infection and metastatic spread in cases of buruli ulcer imply that mycobacterium ulcerans is able to survive and multiply at degrees c this T0 investigated the survival at degrees c of m ulcerans isolates from diverse geographical and clinical sources although the viability of all isolates decreased T3 a few days at degrees c viable bacilli remained T3 days at degrees c in most instances african isolates of m ulcerans were more thermotolerant than isolates from temperate regions isolates from skin and bone lesions of the same patients showed no difference in thermotolerance | MEDAL |
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