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And now for a more objective look at the IUD:
The IUD - or "Intrauterine Device” – is an inert device placed inside of a woman’s uterus and is used to prevent pregnancy. The actual mechanics of pregnancy prevention are unknown – while it is entirely possible that the IUD does not allow a fertilized egg to implant on the wall of the uterus, it is also possible that it creates an environment especially hostile to the sperm or egg, killing them before fertilization occurs, or it could thicken the cervical mucous which would keep the sperm and egg from meeting. However, if you are concerned about preventing a fertilized zygote from implanting, an IUD would probably not be the best choice for you.
IUDs are generally small devices about the size of a quarter made out of long lasting materials like plastic and copper and are produced in a variety of shapes. Today those sold in the US are generally a “T” shape – the arms of the “T” fold down for easier insertion through the cervix. Attached to the bottom of the “T”is a monofilament (think fishing line) that hangs out of the opening of the cervix so that it can easily be removed later by the physician (the filament generally cannot be felt by the woman or her sexual partner).
The IUD is not very widely used in the United States because of the Dalkon Sheild, an IUD produced in the 1970’s that caused 12 deaths. It is believed that the string that hung outside of the cervix (used for removal) acted as a wick for bacteria because it was braided. It is for this reason that the strings are made of monofilament today.
The cost of an IUD is around $300 but they remain effective for 5-10 years and the pregnancy prevention rate is +99% - even higher than the pill with perfect use . Five years is how long a progesterone-treated IUD is expected to last, and 10 is for a copper IUD. The advantages to having a progesterone IUD (like Mirena) is a decrease in menstrual pain and bleeding, and the advantage to a copper one is long-lasting birth control without the hormones – however one disadvantage is that the main side effect is increased menstrual flow and cramping.
A doctor’s visit is required to have the IUD inserted, and it is inserted through the cervix using a tube, which is predictably painful – but not enough to require more than a few ibuprofen. However, some feel this is a very small price to pay for hassle-free birth control for the next decade. After the given amount of time another doctor’s visit is required for the removal of the IUD.
Possible complications include the IUD expelling itself from the uterus (it is recommended the woman check the string after every period to see that the IUD hasn’t moved or been expelled), becoming imbedded in the uterus, or puncturing the uterus. The latter two complications are pretty rare, thankfully. If these side effects sound shocking, consider that one of the rare side effects of the pill is heart attack and stroke. It is also likely that if you become pregnant with the IUD in (remember, no birth control method is 100% effective - except abstinence of course) the fetus may be aborted, or you might experience an ectopic pregnancy, and IUDs do not protect from sexually transmitted diseases (STDs or STIs) - period.
However, scary as it sounds, the IUD is successfully used by millions of women around the world as a long-lasting, cheap (in the long run) alternative to hormonal birth control or more permanent solutions like tubal ligation.
Information was cultivated from:
Planned Parenthood: http://www.plannedparenthood.org/pp2/portal/files/portal/medicalinfo/birthcontrol/pub-contraception-iud.xml
Personal reveiws can be found here:
This is a site from the perspective of those who beleive IUDs cause abortions: | <urn:uuid:7d315391-ac51-4c90-8d90-3a6459bb08d9> | {
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Court of Appeal(s) has multiple meanings:
- First, the Court of Appeal(s) could be an intermediate appellate court. In this instance, it would be any state or federal court that hears appeals from rulings and judgments of lower trial and appeals courts. Specifically, a “court of appeal(s)” is also a “court of record” within statute. This means that the court has “court of record” power to penalize lawyers for any duty violation, willful neglect, or disobedience of any lawful court order. An attorney’s refusal or neglect to obey a court order from a court of appeal(s) is considered an act of contempt.
- Another meaning of the Court of Appeals is that it is the highest court in some states. Simply put, it would be equivalent to the State Supreme Court. In New York, Maryland, Virginia, and Kentucky (before 1976), the highest state court in those states was called the Court of Appeals.
- Finally, a branch of the English Supreme Court of Judicature is called the Court of Appeal.
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Premium Care. Personal Touch
Tinnitus Evaluations & Management
Get the Buzz on Tinnitus
Each year about 1 in 10 adults nationwide has an episode of tinnitus that lasts longer than 3 months. Tinnitus is not a disease. Instead, it is a symptom that something is wrong with your auditory system. The problem may exist somewhere in your ear, in the nerve that connects the inner ear to the brain or in the parts of the brain that make sense of sounds. Because tinnitus can arise from so many conditions, ranging from hearing loss to high blood pressure to medications, diagnosing the cause or causes can be a challenge. For many people, the ringing in their ears begins for no obvious reason.
Often, people are told by their physician that they “have to live with it” and “there’s nothing we can do for it.” While it is true that there is no known cure for tinnitus, there are ways to help people manage it and provide relief. Tinnitus affects everyone differently, and our goal is to learn about you and your unique situation. Our treatment options include education and counseling, hearing devices and sound therapies that are specifically designed for each individual patient.
We start off with a comprehensive tinnitus evaluation which includes a thorough case history, a comprehensive evaluation of your auditory system, tinnitus testing and educational counseling. Together, we can determine the best course of action to provide you with relief for your tinnitus.
What is tinnitus?
Tinnitus is commonly described as a ringing in the ears, but it also can sound like roaring, clicking, hissing, or buzzing. It may be soft or loud, high pitched or low pitched. You might hear it in either one or both ears. Roughly 10 percent of the adult population of the United States has experienced tinnitus lasting at least five minutes in the past year. This amounts to nearly 25 million Americans.
What causes tinnitus?
Tinnitus (pronounced tin-NY-tus or TIN-u-tus) is not a disease. It is a symptom that something is wrong in the auditory system, which includes the ear, the auditory nerve that connects the inner ear to the brain, and the parts of the brain that process sound. Something as simple as a piece of earwax blocking the ear canal can cause tinnitus. But it can also be the result of a number of health conditions, such as:
- Noise-induced hearing loss
- Ear and sinus infections
- Diseases of the heart or blood vessels
- Ménière’s disease
- Brain tumors
- Hormonal changes in women
- Thyroid abnormalities
Does having tinnitus mean I have hearing loss?
Tinnitus is sometimes the first sign of hearing loss. It also can be a side effect of medications. More than 200 drugs are known to cause tinnitus when you start or stop taking them.
People who work in noisy environments—such as factory or construction workers, road crews, or even musicians—can develop tinnitus over time when ongoing exposure to noise damages tiny sensory hair cells in the inner ear that help transmit sound to the brain. This is called noise-induced hearing loss.
Service members exposed to bomb blasts can develop tinnitus if the shock wave of the explosion squeezes the skull and damages brain tissue in areas that help process sound. In fact, tinnitus is one of the most common service-related disabilities among veterans returning from Iraq and Afghanistan.
Pulsatile tinnitus is a rare type of tinnitus that sounds like a rhythmic pulsing in the ear, usually in time with your heartbeat. A doctor may be able to hear it by pressing a stethoscope against your neck or by placing a tiny microphone inside the ear canal. This kind of tinnitus is most often caused by problems with blood flow in the head or neck. Pulsatile tinnitus also may be caused by brain tumors or abnormalities in brain structure.
What is the source of the sounds in my head?
Although we hear tinnitus in our ears, its source is really in the networks of brain cells (what scientists call neural circuits) that make sense of the sounds our ears hear. A way to think about tinnitus is that it often begins in the ear, but it continues in the brain.
Scientists still haven’t agreed upon what happens in the brain to create the illusion of sound when there is none. Some think that tinnitus is similar to chronic pain syndrome, in which the pain persists even after a wound or broken bone has healed.
Tinnitus could be the result of the brain’s neural circuits trying to adapt to the loss of sensory hair cells by turning up the sensitivity to sound. This would explain why some people with tinnitus are oversensitive to loud noise.
Tinnitus also could be the result of neural circuits thrown out of balance when damage in the inner ear changes signaling activity in the auditory cortex, the part of the brain that processes sound. Or it could be the result of abnormal interactions between neural circuits. The neural circuits involved in hearing aren’t solely dedicated to processing sound. They also communicate with other parts of the brain, such as the limbic region, which regulates mood and emotion.
Can I prevent tinnitus?
Noise-induced hearing loss, the result of damage to the sensory hair cells of the inner ear, is one of the most common causes of tinnitus. Anything you can do to limit your exposure to loud noise—by moving away from the sound, turning down the volume, or wearing earplugs or earmuffs—will help to lessen the likelihood that you will experience tinnitus.
Treatments for Tinnitus
Hearing aids often are helpful for people who have hearing loss along with tinnitus. Using a hearing aid adjusted to carefully control outside sound levels may make it easier for you to hear. The better you hear, the less you may notice your tinnitus.
Counseling helps you learn how to live with your tinnitus. Most counseling programs have an educational component to help you understand what goes on in the brain to cause tinnitus. Some counseling programs also will help you change the way you think about and react to your tinnitus. You might learn some things to do on your own to make the noise less noticeable, to help you relax during the day, or to fall asleep at night.
Tabletop Sound Generators
Used as an aid for relaxation or sleep. Placed near your bed, you can program a generator to play pleasant sounds such as waves, waterfalls, rain, or the sounds of a summer night. If your tinnitus is mild, this might be all you need to help you fall asleep.
Wearable Sound Generators
These are small electronic devices that fit in the ear and use a soft, pleasant sound to help mask the tinnitus. Some people want the masking sound to totally cover up their tinnitus, but most prefer a masking level that is just a bit louder than their tinnitus. The masking sound can be a soft “shhhhhhhhhhh,” random tones, or music.
What’s Next in tinnitus treatment?
Neuromonics, Inc. is a medical device company dedicated to helping people with its treatments for ringing in the ears, clinically known as tinnitus.
Neuromonics manufactures and distributes the only FDA-cleared, patented and clinically proven medical devices designed for long-term, significant relief of tinnitus. The company also has received regulatory approval from the Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) in Australia.
Beginning with the work of Paul Davis, Ph.D., inventor of the Neuromonics Tinnitus Treatment, and research and development since the early 1990s, Neuromonics has helped thousands of tinnitus sufferers around the world improve their quality of life and overcome the daily challenges associated with tinnitus.
The company’s global operations are located in Westminster, CO., and in Sydney, Australia.
A tinnitus treatment with long-term relief
Neuromonics OasisPro ™ is a clinically proven medical treatment with documented long-term relief of tinnitus. Using this customized tinnitus treatment, you can be on your way to
significant relief from ringing in your ears.
MUCH MORE THAN A TINNITUS RETRAINING THERAPY
The Neurominics OasisPro ™ is prescribed by a trained audiologist and is easy to use. It is an applicatoin which can be downloaded to an Apple iPhone, iPad or iPod. Your Audiololgist programs the applicatno through the Neuromonics Oasis Pro website based upon your audiogram. Once programmed, the website settings sync to the application on the iPhone, iPad or iPod. The applicatoin on your device is then set with a customeized tone that desensitizes you to the sounds of your tinnitus. The program helps the brain overcome the initial damage caused to the auditory system and reduces the brain’s interpretatoin of the tinnitus sounds as harmful. This is a comprehensive program that can provide
longterm relief under the care of a trained audiologist.
Find out if this would be a good option for you. Call today to schedule your consultation.
Noise-Induced Hearing Loss
What is Noise-Induced Hearing Loss?
Every day, we experience sound in our environment. Normally, these sounds are at safe levels that don’t damage our hearing. But sounds can be harmful when they are too loud, even for a brief time. These sounds can damage sensitive structures in the inner ear and cause noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL).
NIHL can be immediate, take a long time to be noticeable, temporary or permanent, and it can affect one ear or both ears. Even if you can’t tell that you are damaging your hearing, you could have trouble hearing in the future. Regardless of how it might affect you, noise-induced hearing loss is something you can prevent.
Noise Induced Hearing Loss (NIHL)
What are the Signs of NIHL?
When you are exposed to loud noises you may slowly start to lose your hearing. Over time, sounds may become distorted or muffled, and you might find it difficult to understand other people when they talk or have to turn up the volume on the television. Extremely loud bursts of sound can rupture the eardrum or damage the bones in the middle ear.
Loud noise exposure can also cause tinnitus, a ringing, buzzing, or roaring in the ears or head. Tinnitus may subside over time, but can continue constantly or occasionally throughout a person’s life. Hearing loss and tinnitus can occur in one or both ears.
Get In Touch
We'd love to set up a consultation for you or answer any questions you may have.
10239 Clemson Blvd. #170 Seneca, SC 29678, USA
Mon: 8:30am-12pm - 1pm-4:30pm
Tues: 8:30am-12pm - 1pm-4:30pm
Weds: 8:30am-12pm - 1pm-4:30pm
Thurs: 8:30am-12pm - 1pm-4:30pm
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An ischemic stroke is the most common kind of stroke, when a blood clot
blocks blood flow to the brain. It can often be treated with intravenous
tissue plasminogen activator (IV tPA), a clot-busting drug, but the
drug ideally should be given within four-and-a-half hours of the start
of symptoms to improve chances of recovery.
When experiencing a stroke, people who are brought to the hospital in an ambulance with a CT scanner and telemedicine capabilities are evaluated and treated nearly two times faster than people taken in a regular ambulance, according to a study published in the online issue of Neurology®
, the medical journal of the American Academy of Neurology.
‘Stroke patients who are brought to the hospital in an ambulance with a CT scanner and telemedicine capabilities are evaluated and treated faster.’
"The sooner someone is treated for stroke, the better chance they have for survival and an improved recovery," said study author Muhammad S. Hussain of the Cleveland Clinic in Cleveland, Ohio, and member of the American Academy of Neurology. "Telemedicine makes it possible for a neurologist to see a stroke patient, and possibly treat them, before they even arrive at the hospital."
To improve treatment times, the Cleveland Clinic created a mobile stroke treatment unit, an ambulance equipped with a mobile CT scanner and telemedicine technology. It was first used in the city of Cleveland in 2014. The medical team on board includes a registered nurse, a paramedic, an emergency medical technician and a CT technologist.
For the study, researchers compared the stroke care of the first 100 people transported by the mobile stroke unit to the stroke care of 53 people brought to the hospital by a regular ambulance in 2014. People in both groups had similar stroke severity.
A vascular neurologist evaluated each person transported in the mobile stroke unit on the way to the hospital. A neuroradiologist and vascular neurologist also assessed CT scan images taken during the ride.
Researchers found there was a significant reduction in the time from the initial call for help to getting a CT scan, an average of 33 minutes for those transported by the mobile stroke unit compared to 56 minutes for those transported by regular ambulance. Average time from the first call for help to receiving clot-busting drugs was 56 minutes compared to 94 minutes. Average time between arrival at hospital to treatment with clot-busting drugs was 32 minutes compared to 58 minutes. Average time from the start of symptoms to receiving clot-busting drugs was 97 minutes compared to 123 minutes.
Of those evaluated in the mobile stroke unit, 16 people received clot-busting drugs and 25% of them received the drugs within an hour of the start of symptoms.
"Overall, people transported by the mobile stroke unit received clot-busting drugs nearly 40 minutes faster," said Hussain. "Also, 44% of them received clot-busting drugs within an hour-and-a-half, compared to just 8% of other patients. More people were given the treatment they needed, faster."
Limitations of the study include its small sample size and that those transported by regular ambulance were taken to facilities in just one hospital system. Questions remain about the cost-effectiveness of mobile stroke units, especially in rural areas, as well as their feasibility since fast wireless networks are needed to transmit images quickly.
In an accompanying editorial, Andrew M. Southerland of the University of Virginia Health System in Charlottesville and member of the American Academy of Neurology, said, "Ongoing efforts are needed to streamline mobile stroke unit costs and efficiency before achieving road-readiness for widespread health system deployment." | <urn:uuid:914593db-d5ca-46c4-8ecc-fdbceff274d4> | {
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Strontium isotope ratios (87Sr / 86Sr) of biogenic material such as bones and teeth reflect the local sources of strontium ingested as food and drink during their formation. This has led to the use of strontium isotope ratios as a geochemical tracer in a wide range of fields including archaeology, ecology, food studies and forensic sciences. In order to utilise strontium as a geochemical tracer, baseline data of bioavailable 87Sr / 86Sr in the region of interest are required, and a growing number of studies have developed reference maps for this purpose in various geographic regions, and over varying scales. This study presents a new data set of bioavailable strontium isotope ratios from rock and soil samples across Israel, as well as from sediment layers from seven key archaeological sites. This data set may be viewed and accessed both in an Open Science Framework repository (https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/XKJ5Y, Moffat et al., 2020) or via the IRHUM (Isotopic Reconstruction of Human Migration) database.
- Stontium Isotope | <urn:uuid:70063a5f-bcaa-43c1-a416-30bd71a2c933> | {
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|Lake type||Rift lake|
|Primary inflows||Ruhuhu River|
|Primary outflows||Shire River|
|Basin countries||Malawi, Mozambique, Tanzania|
|Max. width||75 km|
|Surface area||29,600 km2 (11,400 sq mi)|
|Average depth||292 m|
|Max. depth||706 m|
|Water volume||8,400 km³|
|Surface elevation||500 meters above sea level|
|Islands||Likoma and Chizumulu islets|
Lake Malawi (or Lake Nyasa) is a lake in Africa. It is the southernmost lake in the East African Rift system. It is shared between Malawi, Mozambique and Tanzania. Before Malawi became independent in 1964, the territory was called Nyasaland. For this reason, Mozambique and Tanzania call the lake Lake Nyasa.
Lake Malawi is the third largest and second deepest lake in Africa. It is the ninth largest lake in the world. | <urn:uuid:86895af8-ab12-4cd3-814a-00c9dad8d875> | {
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Why are so many creative types plagued with depression?
It’s not creatives alone who suffer from overwhelming bouts of sadness or uncontrollable episodes of doubt and lack of motivation to do much of anything. As of 2008, 1 in 10 Americans have claimed to suffer from some form of depression, according to the CDC.
Every year that equates to more than 7% of us having to suffer from agonizing loneliness, mental and emotional darkness, and numerous other symptoms of varying degrees all attributed to this singular, albeit broad by definition, disorder: depression.
But creatives – the writers, musicians, inventors, dancers, scientists, architects, students and teachers, and any other creative type you can think of – are singled out more often than not when it comes to depression. Van Gogh being a primary example of the tortured creative. Why? Is there really a link between the two?
To find out, we turn to the science of the mind and the theory of human evolution.
Of course, throughout history many world-leading thinkers have suffered from depression, including historical Naturalist and evolutionary expert Charles Darwin.
Darwin’s depression not only impacted his theoretical and scientific work, but it also became a primary topic of his very work.
Because of depression’s wide reach on the global population (as one, if not the one, of the most common mental illnesses, set apart from other, less common, disorders including personality and eating disorders), Darwin had to explore it in order to make sense of his evolutionary theories.
Because Darwin’s theory of evolution claimed that “only the strong survive,” depression seems to be a gigantic mistake.
From a macro perspective, depression typically leads to a lack of motivation (often motivation to eat, exercise, or do much of anything) and can lead to thoughts of suicide. How could such a health and population-hindering disorder find it’s way through hundreds of years of evolution if evolution’s end-game is survival? And what does this all have to do with creativity exactly?
The answers may surprise you. So let’s look at the facts.
There is a link between creativity and depression, but it’s not what most people think it is.
To start: if depression affects so many diverse groups of people, why are creative types singled out? What’s the link between the two?
While the possible solutions are many (the mind is a very complicated subject, after all), countless psychologists and psychiatrists tend to agree that major depression is amplified in those who tend to ruminate on their thoughts.
Think about this.
Rumination, if you’ve been paying attention, is one of the major keys of thinking like a creative genius. To be creative is to make sense of and connect the small details of everything we experience, the good and the bad.
Creatives naturally tend to think more, and think about their very thoughts too.
When we ruminate, however, our brains are naturally drawn to things that are vital to our health. Pain and suffering are such immense experiences, even if they’re short-lived, that those who ruminate tend to loop through those painful experiences more often than those who don’t (are you starting to see the evolutionary link yet?).
For example: someone who doesn’t take the time to think about their thoughts regularly may have a stressful day at work or school, but when they come home from it all it’s easier to forget than not.
On the other hand, there are certain types of thinkers who naturally are drawn to play the stressful events over and over again, thinking about what happened, what they could have (or should have) done differently, how the details of what occurred will affect the rest of their lives, and so on. Creative thinkers tend to fall into the latter group, re-playing events over and over again to better understand them.
A result of focusing on these thoughts then, according to Yale psychologist Susan Nolen-Hoeksema, is immense depression or a feeling of hopelessness.
Aha! Now we’re onto something.
This rumination to depression process is evident not only in creatives, of course, but everyone. If the average (not powerfully creative) person finds themselves in a moment of deep reflection – particularly about a stressful event – they too are likely to encounter a state of depression, though it may not last as long as someone who continues to ruminate on the event(s).
For creatives, that depressive state happens to be longer-lasting and more intense, due to their innate desire to simply keep thinking on it.
Creativity is all about thinking, so it only makes sense that all of that thinking would lead to manic episodes of feeling hopeless, alone, or like a failure. Maybe you’ve felt those emotions a lot yourself.
Our first answer is then clear.
It turns out that depression doesn’t make you creative, per se. In-fact, the opposite is more often the case: the creative person, who spends his or her time ruminating on thoughts is likely to suffer from major depression.
The link is an effect of the creative’s ability to think with more intent than other types of personalities.
We’re not quite done yet though. We still haven’t answered why bouts of depression have made their way through evolution and into so many people’s lives.
From an evolutionary standpoint we could now say that depression is a psychological desire to be better, to be stronger, to reflect on where we’ve made mistakes, and to find ways to improve ourselves overall. Research from Andy Thomson and Paul Andrews confirms this approach, stating that depression is an evolutionary way for us to tightly focus our attention on what needs changing in our lives.
Depression, while seemingly a hinderance to a healthy and happy life, is really a balancing act that helps us focus on the areas where we need to improve most.
For creatives, this depression is what amplifies motivation to do their work better. It’s not enough to keep doing what you’ve been doing as a creative, you have to do more, and do it well. That’s empowering, if you can make it through the initial dip in energy.
It’s not just an evolutionary way to sort through what’s broken though.
While depression serves as a reflection of thought and those who ruminate tend to suffer the most, it also has a secondary upside that helps explain why creatives experience more depression than any other individual type.
Once whatever initially caused the depressed feelings to rise up have been sorted through in the mind, the shift into more positive thoughts (e.g. “That wasn’t so bad,” or “I know what I have to do now”) helps to drive even more motivation to do more creative work (or really more of anything at all).
The upswing of coming out of a creative slump, according to Shelley Carson, an instructor on creativity and psychology at Harvard University, is enough motivation to produce immense amounts of work. And it’s a very real boost, identical to one you would get if you received a random gift or really great news.
It’s not just creatives who experience the productive, post-depression boost either.
Say you’re an avid tennis player who suddenly falls into a temporary state of depression. Once the thoughts you experienced through those few days or that week of depression are counseled internally, you may find yourself more motivated than ever before to get out and practice your backhand stroke. To the point where you go above and beyond where you were before the depressed state.
Of course, the motivational boost is often an inverse of the level of depression. So if you’re in a truly deep funk and start coming out of it, you can expect your motivation to be equally as high as the low.
For creatives this is excellent news.
After much rumination, creative types tend to fall into the deeper states of depression, but that also means they’re more likely to experience the higher rises. Because of this effect, their work is more prominent and their behavior more recognized.
You can see how this shift (from overwhelmingly depressed and being unable to do much of anything, to a dynamic state of productivity and livelihood) can mislead people into believing that depression fuels creativity, but that’s not really the case.
Creativity is what can drive depression, a signal that there’s a lot of thinking going on. Which, in return, is great for creativity once the initial slump has been combatted and the motivation returns.
If you find yourself depressed, don’t expect to be more creative. However, if you’re often suffering from depression, you may just be doing so because you’re just that much more creative.
Important! I am not a psychologist or doctor and do not give this information as medical or professional advice. If you are seriously depressed and need someone to simply listen to you, call 1-800-273-8255 today.
I also highly recommend seeking professional help in the form of a psychologist or other experienced professional. You are great, the world needs your ideas, please get help if you feel out of control in any way.
Thanks for reading and sharing. | <urn:uuid:2b9d5773-7d46-4a9e-b657-09e7b5822379> | {
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Nowhere is the piecemeal nature of the Bible more evident than in the books detailing the kings of Israel and Judah from the time of David’s ascension to the time Babylon sacks Jerusalem and burns the temple. Kings and Chronicles are each broken up into two books, but according to sources, in the Hebrew Bible, each was originally a single volume. The narrative flow of Kings is disrupted by the break, which occurs during the story of Ahaziah of Israel, while Chronicles is less so, book one ending with David’s final days and book two beginning with Solomon building the temple.
While both collections tell essentially the same story, and appear to be based on the same source material, volumes referred to as The Chronicles of the Kings of Israel and The Chronicles of the Kings of Judah, there are numerous differences between the two, suggesting they were written by different authors for different purposes and combined in the Jewish scriptures without making any attempt to reconcile the differences. Kings references the source material as two works, one for Israel, one for Judah, but Chronicles often references it as one work. This may indicate that by the time the author of Chronicles was writing, the texts had been combined into one. Even in translation, the books have a different feel to them, Kings a bit more flowery in its descriptions than Chronicles, and a good deal more concise, Kings at a combined forty-seven chapters and Chronicles at a combined sixty-five.
Kings alternates between the stories of Israel and Judah, from their status as a unified kingdom under David and Solomon, to independent entities following Solomon’s reign. Chronicles concerns itself exclusively with Judah, only bringing in relevant facts about Israel when the king being profiled interacts with his counterpart in Israel. Kings often uses the reign of the opposing king to date his counterpart; for instance, Ahaziah becomes king of Israel in the seventeenth year of Jehoshaphat’s reign in Judah. Chronicles is far more sympathetic to the House of David than is Kings, which reports the failings of the kings of Judah with the same critical eye the kings of Israel receive. This also means the author of Kings has to come up with excuses for why Judah doesn’t suffer the same fate as Israel, despite committing the same offenses. This is usually accomplished by citing God’s commitment to David.
First Chronicles is complicated by having the first nine chapters provide a painstakingly tedious recitation of the genealogies of every generation between Adam and David. I haven’t taken the time to check this genealogy against others that occur within the Bible, but it doesn’t just document a single line down to a specific individual, though it does end with Saul’s death and David becoming king of the unified kingdom. The genealogy covers most of the major figures in the narrative up to that point, and also provides some details about other tribes such as Edom. Even after David comes into the story, at just about every step, the author provides lists of David or one of his descendants’ followers, names and numbers of different tribes, sizes and weights of the materials used in constructing various buildings, and other trivial facts surrounding the kings. There’s some of this in Kings as well, but Chronicles takes it to ludicrous extremes.
One of the significant differences concerns the building of the first temple, as well as the portrayal of Solomon. In Kings, David wants to build a temple to the Lord but is told, without much elaboration, that it’s Solomon’s responsibility to do so. In Chronicles, David is also told it’s Solomon’s responsibility, but this time is given the explanation that David is a man of war and the temple must be built by a man of peace. In Kings, it’s Solomon who provides this information after David has died, but he puts a slightly different spin on it. Nevertheless, in Chronicles, David assumes all of the responsibility for everything short of actually building the temple, designing it, financing it, hiring the workers, electing priests, designating all the temple personnel, in addition to naming Solomon as his successor. In this version of the story, David’s decision to designate Solomon as the next king is to facilitate Solomon building the temple, not in reaction to Adonijah’s challenge to the throne as related in Kings. There’s also none of the palace intrigue of Solomon eliminating his older brother after taking the throne, or having to rid himself of his father’s army commander or other enemies at David’s insistence.
In Chronicles, Solomon is depicted as young, inexperienced, and totally devoted to doing the work of God, not the cunning politician ruthlessly consolidating his rule as depicted in Kings. Also, Kings reports that later in life Solomon married wives from the surrounding nations, and often worshipped other gods earning the disfavor of the God of his ancestors. Chronicles doesn’t mention any of this, portraying Solomon as a wise and godly ruler throughout his reign. Kings is also the source for the story of Solomon deciding between two mothers arguing over a child, perhaps his most famous decision. Chronicles doesn’t mention it, though it does laud the wisdom of Solomon.
Both narratives agree on the dimensions of the temple (1 Kings 6 & 2 Chronicles 2): Sixty cubits long, twenty cubits wide, thirty cubits high, with a portico twenty cubits wide. Footnotes in the NIV interpret the dimensions as 90 feet (27 meters) long, 30 feet (9 meters) wide and 45 feet (14 meters) high. By way of comparison, the US White House is 168 feet (51.2 meters) long, 85 feet 6 inches (26.1 meters) wide without porticos and 152 feet wide with porticos. In Kings the father of Huram, the metal worker, is from Tyre and his mother is from the tribe of Naphtali. In Chronicles, he’s Huram-Abi and his mother is from Dan. Both narratives also state that David took a census of the people which earned the disfavor of God, prompting a punishment, but Chronicles states Solomon later used the census to find foreigners to press into service in the building the temple.
Kings is preceded in the Protestant Bible by first and second Samuel, and Chronicles is followed by Ezra, giving a full accounting of Israel and Judah from the anointing of Saul to the return of exiles from Babylon under Cyrus of Persia. Both Kings and Chronicles make it clear throughout that they’re only summarizing the source material, the aforementioned Chronicles of the Kings of whichever kingdom is being profiled. It seems clear that whoever wrote Chronicles intended to promote the Davidic line of kings, and also show that Israel’s problems arose from failing to follow the word of God as written in the Commandments and Leviticus. During the reign of Josiah, a text was discovered during the renovation of the temple which most scholars agree was Deuteronomy, which purports to be the last commentary by Moses. The initial intent of Kings is less apparent, stating kings failed to remain faithful to their God, but not hammering home the idea that this is what led to the destruction of Israel or the exile of Judah. The prophets Elijah and Elisha are prominent figures in Kings, but since their dealings were mostly with Israel, they’re hardly mentioned in Chronicles.
Chronicles ends with Cyrus, king of Persia issuing his decree allowing the Jews in exile in Babylon to return to Jerusalem, which is picked up in Ezra, almost without a break. Kings ends with the release of King Jehoiachin, one of the last kings of pre-exile Judah from captivity in Babylon, but he’s not allowed to return to Jerusalem. This suggests the writer was aware of these events but not of the return from exile and gives a clue as to when Kings was compiled. It also gives us a clue to who wrote the history, since this person appears to have access to official documents pertaining to the reigns of the Davidic kings. Most of those carted off were among the upper eschelons of society. | <urn:uuid:ec058839-769e-4d0f-994b-699459ea2ba2> | {
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Periodic Reporting 1st Cycle: Latin America and the Caribbean (2004)
The UNESCO World Heritage Centre, through the Adviser for World Heritage in Latin America and the Caribbean based at the UNESCO Office in Montevideo, coordinated the periodic reporting process, providing assistance to States Parties and ensuring the preparation of the regional synthesis report.
The Committee expressed its wish to examine States Parties periodic reports region by region. The World Heritage Committee decided to examine the Report on the state of the World Heritage in Latin America and the Caribbean at its 28th session in 2004.
Periodic Reporting: State of the World Heritage
in Latin America and the Caribbean, 2004
In order to ensure a truly regional and participatory process, the periodic reporting was coordinated by the Adviser for World Heritage in Latin America and the Caribbean, who is based at the UNESCO Office in Montevideo, in close cooperation with the World Heritage Centre and the Advisory Bodies.
To initiate the regional periodic reporting process, staff of the World Heritage Centre attended a meeting of the Permanent Delegates of Latin America and the Caribbean in June 2000 to discuss the approach that should be taken in setting up a work plan for the periodic reporting in the region.
Work plan (2000-2004)
The work plan for the periodic reporting in the region approved by the World Heritage Committee was organised along three sub-regions:
South America, the Caribbean and Central America/Mexico.
The work plan approved by to the World Heritage Committee at its session in December 2000 is as follows:
Preparation of the periodic reporting exercise
The World Heritage Centre prepared documents on the State of Implementation of the World Heritage Convention for each of the three sub-regions mentioned above as well as a data base with relevant information on the inscription history and the examination of the state of conservation of World Heritage properties.
The Centre set up an information system through the Internet to provide States Parties with the baseline information on the application of the Convention in the region, the World Heritage sites and the advances of the reporting exercise as well as facilitate communication within the sub-regions. Baseline information will also be made available in paper copy and/or CD-ROM.
States Parties and the Advisory Bodies requested to identify focal-points for periodic reporting activities from natural and cultural heritage fields. These focal points were expected to participate in the whole periodic reporting exercise.
The questionnaires that the World Heritage Centre has developed to assist the States Parties in the preparation of the periodic reports will be translated into Spanish.
Sub-regional information meetings
(first half of 2002)
Two sub-regional information meetings (South America, Montevideo, Uruguay, March 2002, and Central America/Mexico, Mexico, May 2002) were held with the participation of the States Parties focal points, the Advisory Bodies and experts from the region.
The Caribbean States Parties were informed of the periodic reporting through the Regional Training Course on the Application of the World Heritage Convention (September-October 2001). Considering the limited number of World Heritage sites in this area, with the exception of Cuba, emphasis was placed on the general provisions of the Convention and the capacity to preserve and manage cultural and natural heritage sites (Section I of the Periodic Reports). To this end, an analysis of the legal and institutional framework was undertaken. Further information and advice was provided in writing and through missions under Phase 3.
Preparation of national reports
(second half of 2002 – first quarter of 2003)
Following the sub-regional information meetings, States Parties prepared their national reports. The States Parties focal points were expected to monitor this process and to maintain contact with UNESCO on the progress and the needs for advice or assistance. Assistance was provided upon request of the State Party concerned.
Sub-regional review meetings
(second half of 2003)
Three sub-regional meetings were held in the second half of 2003 to review the national reports from the sub-region and to draw preliminary conclusions and recommendations as an input to the regional review meeting.
Regional review meeting and preparation of Regional State of the WH Report
A regional review meeting was held at which the conclusions and recommendations were formulated and submitted to the World Heritage Committee at its session in June 2004.
- 2004 Plan de Acción para Centro América y Mexico 2004-2014 - Listas Indicativas (Costa Rica).pdf
- 2006 Recommendations for RSOUV (Expert meeting in Barbados)
- 2006 Reporte de seguimiendo RP América Central y México (Mexico)
- 2006 RP Plan de Acción Américal Central y México (Mexico).pdf
- 2007 Reporte seguimiento Reporte Periódico en América del Sur(Chile).pdf
- Caribbean Action Plan 2004-2014 (Haiti 2003).PDF
- Informe Periodico 2004 (28COM16 en español).pdf
- LAC Action Plan 2004-2014(Cartagena).pdf | <urn:uuid:3dd6433d-b6b1-410e-8fd6-e7b2ec029e07> | {
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Cross-Disciplinary Research at Muhlenberg College –
Funded by the National Science Foundation
In nature, the degree to which insects eat plants (herbivory) can be quite variable from location to location. Scientists have traditionally hypothesized that the physical environment can influence a plant, which in turn affects the ability of that plant to defend itself against herbivory. Thus, variation in local conditions is what drives the degree to which certain plants get eaten. More recently, the focus on herbivory has shifted from these environmental influences to biological influences. This has included studies of how predators and parasites of insect herbivores can be signaled chemically by plants being eaten by those insects. In other words, plants are using aromatic or volatile chemicals to attract enemies to their enemies. This type of interaction is referred to as a tritrophic interaction because it involves three feeding or trophic levels: the plant, the herbivore insect, and the predators or parasites of the herbivore. Other biological factors that can influence levels of herbivory include interactions with other plants, and variation in the genetic make-up of the plants
Research on herbivory has typically taken an either-or approach. Many studies have focused on how the physical environment, particularly light, influences plant-insect interactions, but have not considered biological factors such as tritrophic interactions. Conversely, studies of biological factors have been done without considering variation in the physical environment. By not considering both the local environmental conditions and the biological factors simultaneously, the complete picture of how herbivory varies in nature or in agricultural systems has not been fully understood. In this study, a plant ecologist, analytical chemist, insect molecular biologist, and a statistician will take an integrative approach to examine how light interacts with biotic factors in determining levels of herbivory in a natural system. Our study will focus on the caterpillar, Tulip Tree Beauty or Epimecis hortaria, and its primary food source Spicebush or Lindera benzoin. These native insects and plants are abundant in Northeastern forests. The plant, Spicebush, is easily recognizable by its aromatic condition or volatile chemistry.
Feeding rates of this insect on Spicebush have been demonstrated to differ between light and shade environments. Our goal here is explore the mechanisms responsible for this variation. We will examine how differences in light influence leaf characteristics such as leaf digestibility, leaf chemicals that could serve as defense against herbivory, and leaf volatile compounds that may cue the predators or parasites of the insect herbivore. We will also examine how light environment directly and indirectly mediates insect feeding, growth, and development. We will focus on how predation and parasitism of the herbivore, and association with other plants impact our system in relation to light environment. Finally, we will incorporate molecular and plant propagation techniques to test hypotheses about the relative importance of plant genotype and environment in determining levels of herbivory in this system. In so doing, this will be the first study that simultaneously examines how both physical and biological factors, including plant genotype, intersect in the determination of insect feeding rates in a natural, woody plant system.
The interdisciplinary and collaborative aspect of this work and its occurrence at Muhlenberg College, an undergraduate institution dedicated to broad scientific training and community outreach, will provide the opportunity for achieving significant, broader impacts. With the guidance of the investigators and as part of an already vibrant summer research program in the sciences, undergraduate students will develop independent research projects that will support the overall goals of this work. Participating students will have the opportunity to engage fully in science including project conception, experimental design, field and laboratory research, data analysis, presenting in-house and at national meetings, and writing for professional journals. In our work we will integrate a diversity of approaches to studying biological systems. We will model this for students that participate in this research, the other faculty and student researchers in all of sciences and the broader Muhlenberg College community, and local, less privileged high school students and their teachers who we interact with through our existing outreach programming. A Post-Doctoral Research Associate will receive scientific training, and experience and preparation for a teaching/research career at a primarily undergraduate institution. The investigators will also design and teach an interdisciplinary research/seminar course on plant-insect interactions that is based on this collaborative research project. Our model of research will serve to help remove the barriers of specific, discipline-based research, and show that collaboration is vital for fully understanding biological systems.
This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. 0442049. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. | <urn:uuid:1794a708-d681-4fac-826d-0f60c8da72ca> | {
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Library Fact Sheets
Printable Fact Sheet
Space Radar is a system that will provide a range of radar-generated products from space to enhance the nation's Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (ISR) capabilities. The system will consist of a space segment (a constellation of radar satellites) and a ground segment (networked ground stations to control the satellites, process the data, and distribute the products).
The need for such a system has been identified and agreed upon by the Intelligence Community (IC) and the Department of Defense (DoD), and the two communities are now working together to develop and refine the approved system requirements documents to meet national security needs.
The Space Radar constellation is envisioned to consist of nine satellites, providing worldwide coverage with a frequent revisit rate. This robust constellation will be integrated into the nation's collection capabilities to significantly enhance our level of persistent surveillance against our adversaries.
Space Radar will provide five types of tailorable products:
· Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Imagery: grayscale imagery
· Surface Moving Target Indication (SMTI): movement detection and characterization
· Open Ocean Surveillance (OOS): wide area coverage to detect ships at sea
· High Resolution Terrain Information (HRTI): 3-D topographic maps of an area
· Geospatial Intelligence Products (GEOINT): advanced products
Individually, these products will be able to satisfy many users' intelligence requirements. When combined, fused products yield even deeper understanding of targets. Yet Space Radar's truly transformational capability derives from the powerful combination of products and persistence, provided by a responsive, timely, and assured system. The products described above will be available during day or night, and during inclement weather conditions. The users will be able to rapidly update tasking, determine when the collection will occur, and plan operations with the confidence that Space Radar will be there to support them. Central to this capability is the introduction of Electronically Steered Array (ESA) technology onto the satellites, which allows the radar to shift its focus on different targets almost instantaneously, and the creation of a robust, interdependent ground system being developed in partnership with multiple national agencies.
Space radar will profoundly change the nature of global persistent ISR, and its effects will be widespread. It will significantly advance intelligence analysts' abilities to solve hard intelligence problems, enable situational understanding throughout the full spectrum of conflict, and enhance global deterrence through the mere threat of observation. Space Radar is a joint effort of great benefit to the National Intelligence, Military, and Civil user communities.
In response to the FY01 Department of Defense (DoD) Authorization Conference Report, the Air Force was task to lead a multi-service, multi-agency effort to bring together requirements for both the DoD and Intelligence Community (IC) users. Lockheed Martin and Northrop Grumman were awarded Space Radar (SR) study contracts in April 2004 with the focus of identifying and solving risk areas so the program could successfully enter the design and development phase. This dual prime contractor approach was chosen to maximize the benefits of the competitive process and better evaluate multiple architecture concepts, related technologies and concepts of operations.
In January 2005, The Secretary of Defense and the Director of Central Intelligence together signed a letter appointing the SR program as the single future space radar program for the nation. This one program is to be responsible for meeting the specific requirements of both the DoD and IC or stakeholders.
The Air Force announced a change to the structure and focus of the SR Program Office on 28 January 2005 to facilitate better communication and cooperation between the IC and DoD. Brig. Gen. John "Tom" Sheridan was named program executive officer and system program director, leading the Space Radar program office from Chantilly, Virginia.
During a congressional hearing on March 9, 2005, PeterTeets, undersecretary of the Air Force for space, defended the Space Radar program by stating, "We have restructured the Space Radar program in a way that will allow us to move forward in a team sense - the military community and the intelligence community - to use the same satellites for warfighting information as well as intelligence analysis..." Mr. Teets also directed the name change from Space Based Radar to Space Radar. The new Space Radar name was coined to pick up on the fact that there is a new integrated responsibility and the name of the "JPO" --Joint Program Office -- was also changed to "IPO"--an integrated program office -- The IPO crosses departmental and agency boundaries to make sure all stakeholder needs are addressed and understood.
A jointly approved Initial Capabilities Document (ICD) was released on 15 February 2006.
Between 2006 and 2008 the program's requirements will be taken through both the DoD's Joint Requirements Oversight Council [JROC] and the IC's Mission Requirements Board [MRB] to get validation on both of their parts. One of the toughest challenges is to balance those requirements and focus on technology that is doable within the timeframe needed to build and field the system.
The next program Key Decision Point (KDP), which would be the decision to go into the design phase, is KDP-B, roughly at the end of FY08 or in FY09. The first operational satellite is schedule to be fielded about 2015. | <urn:uuid:7e776440-509c-4347-a955-66de32926ea2> | {
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Today, energy conservation efforts within the construction industry aim at increasing operational efficiency and reducing fuel costs. These efforts have lead to the insulation of virtually every commercial and industrial building’s furnaces, boilers, pipes and ducts. Insulation is a tremendous energy savings tool. Trained insulation mechanics are needed to install the insulation and weatherproofing materials. Insulators must be mechanically inclined and enjoy working with mathematical formulas that are needed to fabricate the insulation for the piping and ducts.
Working with both hands and mind, both indoors and outdoors, in all temperatures and weather conditions, will prove to be a challenge in today’s construction industry. | <urn:uuid:600f4135-d56e-45b3-9552-14785c24d5e5> | {
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[FOM] definition of N without quantifying over infinite sets
friedman at math.ohio-state.edu
Tue Aug 10 09:57:13 EDT 2004
> The significance of FFF - Friedman's Finite
> Form of Kruskl's theorem is of course that it is a fct about N probable
> only by reasoning about infinite sets.
> When explaining this to my students I of course have to anticipate that
> the inductive definition of N involves quantifying over ininite sets -
FFF has much stronger properties than indicated.
FFF is provable only by reasoning about uncountably many infinite sets -
specifically what is normally called impredicativity.
In particular, the use of infinite sets for FFF is not removable in the
same way that simply regarding N as a predicate removes use of infinite
sets. In fact, the use of infinite sets for FFF is not even removeable
using predicates defined by natural number recursion (along with
quantification over natural numbers). The use of predicates defined by
natural number recursion (along with quantification over natural numbers)
is enough to prove, e.g., the Paris/Harrington Ramsey theorem.
For state of the art FFFs see my paper in the Feferfest volume dedicated
to Solomon Feferman.
More information about the FOM | <urn:uuid:ab5b0e2d-34f6-403e-8a6c-0abbdeb663a3> | {
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Tan, Y. (2006) Identification of the pollution source in steel plant. [Study Group Report]
Kimitsu Works is among the biggest steel mills in the world with several big blast furnaces and other steelmaking equipments which is located near the sea. There are three high chimneys in the mill which produce plume pollution and there are a big coal yard and many dusty roofs which produce dust pollution when the sea wind brings the dust up. Unfortunately, the downtown is just located at the downwind direction about 4km away. To reduce the pollution to the downtown, the administrator of Kimitsu works wants to identify the main sources of the pollution then to adopt some methods such as fixing new dust filter on the top of the chimneys or spraying water to the locations where main dust pollution are produced. Some monitoring instruments which are placed somewhere not far from the pollution sources in the downwind direction is used to measure the concentrate of the plume and dust. During three very busy days, we set up some mathematical models for this problem, obtained some initial results and made clear what future work should be done.
|Item Type:||Study Group Report|
|Study Groups:||Chinese Study Groups with Industry > Workshop on Industrial Applications 2006 (Hong Kong, Dec 4-8, 2006)|
|Deposited By:||Dr Kamel Bentahar|
|Deposited On:||30 Jan 2012 16:25|
|Last Modified:||29 May 2015 20:08|
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The first modern humans who arrived in Northern Europe, around 45,000 BC, don’t seem to have made any art. But by around 30,000 BC, around the time that the last of the Neanderthals died, the modern humans began to paint vivid, exciting scenes on the walls of the caves where they lived and worked. This may be about the same time that people in South Africa also started to do rock art.
Stone Age sculpture
Not long after they started painting, these people were also carving small stone and ivory statues of people and animals. Some of these may have had a religious purpose, but they could also be for decoration or for artistic expression (if there was even any difference).
The end of cave painting
European artists continued to create new cave paintings, off and on, until about 8000 BC, but after that, people in Northern Europe seem to have lost interest in painting animals or carving people, and instead they created only abstract patterns and designs. | <urn:uuid:84e1060d-8f5d-48dd-ac99-56548529628f> | {
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Fertilizers, sprinkler systems, special garden tools abound with the promise of healthier plants and harvest. Have you ever considered the health benefits to plants that follow simply blocking wind?
Crop yields vary in increase from 100% increase in such crops as avocado to 45% in corn, 60-70% in alfalfa, 30% in wheat, and lesser gains (7-8%) for row crops such as lettuce. All these follow windbreak establishment on exposed sites
Not that anyone in the north is wringing their hands over their exposed avacados. As far as wind goes, I would say Paw Paws are about the same. The leaves are large and catch lots of wind; the wood is weak and easily breaks; the flowers are pretty tender; fruits even more so, being scratched easily or falling off because they don’t have a very strong attachment to the branch.
Even when wind isn’t blowing, windbreaks can increase ambient temperature on the leaves of plants. Martin Crawford cites 2 degrees average increase, which over a whole summer in a cool climate can really surge growth forward.
Besides enhancing growth, lack of wind saves on leaves. I’ve mentioned the lovely Catalpa in the food forest. That tree has a heck of a lot of enormous leaves that come storming down in autumn, none of which I’ll happily part with.
Lacking a large windbreak right now, my strategy for slowing wind onyoung plants and keeping leaves is to constrict my mowing to early summer and let all the food forest grow tall in fall. This way the grass and asters manage leaf collection and wind breaks for me. Eventually the N fixers and fruit trees will grow up and function the same way but taller.
Another way to keep plants out of the wind is planting in a niche sometimes in front of a windbreak.
For instance I have a chaste tree (Vitex agnus-castus), which is rather tender for my area, planted in front of a stump.
Wind moving over and around the stump makes a gentle buffer that’s quite noticeable when I stick my hand in there. I also notice in general snow is blown away 4-6 inches from trees, further from larger things like houses, but piles up at the border of the bare zone. So I have planted the chaste tree about that distance from the stump in its ‘sweet zone.’
Add in the good effect of sun hitting the stump heating everything up and this makes for a superior growing sight.
Not that theory alone confirms this spot is good. I have observed unusually good plant growth here. For example, out of the belated blue lupines I mentioned in Blue abounds, I found a bloom not long after writing nestled in the sweet spot of the stump. All the others waited a full year later to bloom.
Now to see if the chaste tree likes it too.
So until I have my N fixers to full size, that’s what I’m doing to slow the wind, decrease winter mortality, and increase summer growth. | <urn:uuid:9cd13415-2c57-4874-8e06-937fc7cd1c09> | {
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On March 19, 1814, Captain Thomas Boyle and the Comet arrived at Beaufort, North Carolina where he ended his third and final cruise as the ship’s commander.
Excerpts from Boyle’s log were published in the Baltimore Patriot where he gave an account detailing their voyage from their escape from the Chesapeake Bay in October to the ship’s battle with the Hibernia in January to the “large man of war brig” that gave chase on March 5 before his ship “out sailed her with ease.” Boyle concluded the with satisfaction, writing:
On the 19th, arrived at this place after a cruize of 5 months, and being chased during that time thirty four times, by frigates and men-of war brigs, but always out sailed them.
At half past meridian got under way from Point Look Out, and stood down the bay. Left the U.S. frigate Adams at anchor. At 3 P.M. discovered three sail standing up the bay by the wind—immediately beat to quarters and cleared ship for action. At 20 m. past 3, spoke the headmost, which proved to be a schooner from Norfolk for Baltimore—received from her information of the number and situation of the enemy below; hove too until dark. Off New Point, he heard the report of a gun; we supposed it to be the Admiral’s 8 o’clock gun; passed one 74 and two brigs at anchor. – At 10 P.M. discovered two large ships at anchor in the Middle Channel—supposed them to be frigates; hauled our wind and run close in with Cape Henry; finding we were not perceived, made sail and went to sea.
From the journal of the Chasseur, excerpted in Baltimore American, June 2nd, 1814, Maryland Historical Society.
Captain William Wade left Baltimore on January 15 and found little success as a privateer in the first several months of 1814. When Thomas Boyle (still making his way back to Baltimore after a bruising battle with the Hibernia) took over as commander in July, the Chasseur embarked on a remarkable cruise to the British Isles, capturing an astonishing number of prizes, and earning the nickname the “Pride of Baltimore” from the Niles Weekly Register.
Special thanks to Baltimore Heritage volunteer Dennis Lilly and the Maryland Historical Society for helping us share excerpts from the ship’s log from now through April. Continue to follow along for more updates on William Wade, Thomas Boyle and the Chasseur in the months ahead!
On January 11, 1814 at half-past midnight, the British ship Hibernia fought desperately against an attack by The Comet. Over a year before, in December 1813, the 187-ton Baltimore-built Comet slipped past a British blockade of the Chesapeake Bay and sailed south towards the Caribbean. The ship’s captain, Thomas Boyle, carried a letter of marque from President James Madison—one of five hundred letters Madison issued authorizing private ships to bring the fight to British shipping across the Atlantic.
In a little over a year at sea, Boyle and his crew recorded an astonishing twenty-seven prizes. They were on their way back to Baltimore when the ship spotted and engaged the 800-ton Hibernia in the early afternoon of January 10. After hours of maneuvers and exchanges of cannon fire that continued into the morning hours of January 11, both ships were badly damaged.
Contradictory accounts of the conflict do leave some room for interpretation. British sources, including excerpts from the British ship’s log, suggest the Hibernia was disabled, with only six cannons and a skeleton crew but still managed to kill twenty of Boyle’s crew in a desperate defense. Popular American sources describe the Hibernia differently—a formidable opponent with twenty-two guns and a full crew that left the Comet badly despite Boyle’s brave assault.
The battle ended inconclusively before dawn. The Comet retreated to Puerto Rico for repairs before finally returning home in Baltimore on March 17. | <urn:uuid:028e7f09-83ba-4d33-a31d-3f4211660701> | {
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how to graph a slope intercept
y=2x+10 <ex first place a 0 in the x spot and solve for y. then do the same by putting a 0 in the y spot and solve for x. that give you a 0,y and x,0 formula. therefor you can graph it and check it by graphing y=2x+10
What is the coefficient of corelation
You are trying to find the linear relationship between the two variables formula: r= n(Exy) - (Ex.....
x/y/xy/x2/y2 get the sums of these columns to put into the formula
What does SSE stand for and what is it used for
The Sum of the Squares of Error.
Finding the vertical error between the points and the given line
x/y/Predicted Y with the ^ over it (y=mx+b)/y-(^Y)/y-(^y)(squared)
this ^ is the way the chart must look... to get the predicted you must plug in the given X to get the predicted y
to get the SSE you must sum up the (Y-(^Y)(squared))
THe regression line is the formulas where there is
Least squares line, best fit line
slope for price and quantity
or just get y=mx+b and chose any given xy coordinate and plug it in to the x and the y and also plug in the slope
What does it mean when 2 equations in 2 unknowns are linear
Geometrically they are the same line, so they have infinitely many solutions.
What does it mean when 2 equations in 2 unknowns are inconsistent
They are parallel so they are two different lines that never meet
explain the geometric meaning of a 2 x 2 system having exactly one solution?
The equations are 2 lines that intersect at one point looks like X | <urn:uuid:4bd78791-ce43-4fab-b6ea-763040cd9bdb> | {
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According to a research bulletin released on January 15 by the Southern Education Foundation (SEF), for the first time in recent history, just over 50 percent of children attending U.S. public schools come from low-income families.
SEF collected data from the National Center for Education Statistics that broke out by state the percentage of students who were eligible to receive free or reduced price lunches during the 2012-13 school year. At least half of students fit this eligibility in 21 states, including California, Texas, and Florida.
Nineteen states have low-income student populations in the 40-48 percent range and 10 states have between 38 and 42 percent of their students living in poverty. Mississippi had the highest rate with 71 percent; New Hampshire the lowest percentage with 27 percent.
The nation reached this milestone rather quickly. In 1989, about one-third of students came from low-income households. In 2000, that figure had grown to 38 percent. The weak economy over the next decade, culminating in the Great Recession in 2008, sped up the pace. From 2006 to 2013, the percentage of public school students in poverty grew from 42 to 51 percent.
The trends are staggering, and yet the national debate over public education still provides inadequate space for a serious discussion about poverty and its impact on student achievement. Growing up in poverty is one of the greatest impediments to a child’s cognitive development and his ability to learn.
According to 2011 data from the National Assessment of Educational Progress, for example, fourth-graders who were eligible for free lunch scored 29 points lower on reading than those not eligible. Similar results were seen in eighth grade, where students eligible for free lunch scored 25 points lower.
Compared to high-performing nations, the United States does not direct its education funding toward students who live in these low-income areas.
“(High-performing) countries spend their money in highly equitable ways,” explains Linda Darling-Hammond of Stanford University. “If you spend more in schools on the education of children who have fewer socioeconomic advantages, you do better as a country. Other countries invested more money and that is what shot them up in the rankings.”
Ensuring that children in poor neighborhoods have the same learning opportunities that children in more affluent neighborhoods have is a pillar of Whole Child Education, explains NEA President Lily Eskelsen García. “Equity in resources and programs should be in every single school building.”
If the United States is to build a skilled workforce for the 21st Century, every child should have a chance to succeed academically, the Southern Education Fund report concludes.
“Their success or failure in the public schools will determine the entire body of human capital and educational potential that the nation will possess in the future. Without improving the educational support that the nation provides its low income students – students with the largest needs and usually with the least support — the trends of the last decade will be prologue for a nation not at risk, but a nation in decline.” | <urn:uuid:e20ac9b6-af55-4e20-b86a-951ac4bc64a4> | {
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Last week I gave a presentation called, “Code Dread,” at a tech conference. I’m not sure who had more dread at the time – the attendees who hadn’t tried coding before, or me, the teacher who can only speak publicly in front of people 10 and younger.
My target audience was people who are interested in using coding in the classroom but have some reservations like:
- I don’t know how to do this.
- I don’t have time to learn how to do this.
- I can’t fit this into my curriculum.
Here are my recommended solutions:
- Pretend you’re pretending you don’t know how to do this because that’s what’s best for your students; it will make them better problem solvers. This has the added benefit of being true. (Not the pretending part – the better problem solver part.) If you don’t know how to do it, you won’t feel tempted to rescue them too quickly.
- Learn along with your students. You don’t have to spend time during the weekend learning it. Just put it in your lesson plans and jump in. It will be messy and chaotic, but learning will happen. You’re modeling a growth mindset, and showing students that it’s okay to make mistakes as long as you learn from them.
- Once students know the basics, there are all kinds of ways coding can be used as part of your everyday curriculum. For example, Sphero provides lessons that connect to math. With Scratch Jr. you can teach Kinders how to program while they learn their sight words. And I taught my 1st graders geography with Dash and Dot.
Here is the link to my presentation – though it may not make a whole lot of sense without my narration.
Hour of Code will be here soon (12-7 thru 12-13). The Code.org site provides extremely user-friendly resources and tutorials. They just announced their newest tutorial yesterday – Star Wars! This is a great way to dip your toes into coding and find out that it really isn’t that intimidating. Here is a simplified scope and sequence I offered to our faculty last year (with a few updates for 2015).
But don’t stop there! Your students will love being able to code on a regular basis – especially when they are able to create games or art with their programming. You can find many resources in my Code Dread presentation. I also have a “Programming for Kids” Pinterest board.
So, jump on in. Who cares if you don’t know what you’re doing?
I certainly don’t. Know what I’m doing, I mean 🙂
Take a risk, and get rid of your | <urn:uuid:305f6a3b-2db6-4992-854d-9587fdb3e8a5> | {
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This is the story of two men, and the two decisions, that transformed world history in a single tumultuous year, 1917: Wilson’s entry into World War One and Lenin’s Bolshevik Revolution.
In April 1917 Woodrow Wilson, champion of American democracy but also segregation; advocate for free trade and a new world order based on freedom and justice; thrust the United States into World War One in order to make the “world safe for democracy”—only to see his dreams for a liberal international system dissolve into chaos, bloodshed, and betrayal.
That October Vladimir Lenin, communist revolutionary and advocate for class war and “dictatorship of the proletariat,” would overthrow Russia’s earlier democratic revolution that had toppled the all-power Czar, all in the name of liberating humanity—and instead would set up the most repressive totalitarian regime in history, the Soviet Union.
In this incisive, fast-paced history, New York Times bestselling author Arthur Herman brilliantly reveals how Lenin and Wilson rewrote the rules of modern geopolitics. Through the end of World War I, countries only marched into war to increase or protect their national interests. After World War I, countries began going to war over ideas. Together Lenin and Wilson unleashed the disruptive ideologies that would sweep the world, from nationalism and globalism to Communism and terrorism, and that continue to shape our world today.
Our New World Disorder is the legacy left by Wilson and Lenin, and their visions of the perfectibility of man. One hundred years later, we still sit on the powder keg they first set the detonator to, through war and revolution. | <urn:uuid:f3aeda81-1be8-4fef-9108-8326b083b0c8> | {
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What Is Diabetes how does diabetes affect the heart Nmd.mk what is normal diabetic blood sugar What Is Diabetes.how does diabetes affect the heart
Recommended fruits with a low glycemic index for maintaining a normal blood sugar ranges chart Diet plays an instrumental in Low Blood Sugar Levels how does diabetes affect the heart helping handle stress and within the regulation of glucose levels The list of foods mentioned below is curated in accordance with what benefits a diabetic.
If your blood sugar levels are too high then you definitely threat creating diabetes You can develop heart problems and nerve harm With diabetes, the glucose in your blood doesn t attain your cells and might result in these and other problems Adding exercise and eating healthy may help to manage your diabetes and forestall secondary ailments.
This will be troublesome but hold on you will see the usefulness of what you be taught on this module during the subsequent modules where we will discuss the incretins and remedy of hyperglycaemia You can view all of our diabetes care products, and search by completely different alternatives and criteria The BD AutoShield Duo pen needle is a 5 mm pen needle that allows a extensive variety of clinical and patient advantages in insulin injection BD Diabetes Care is the smarter, less complicated strategy to diabetes management The BD U 500 insulin syringe with the BD Ultra Fine 6mm needle helps sufferers taking Humulin R U 500 insulin.
Endocrinologists could additionally be consulted when patients have a fancy presentation or are unresponsive to initial remedies Type 1 diabetes, formerly known as insulin dependent diabetes mellitus or juvenile onset diabetes, normally arises in childhood Type 2 diabetes, previously called non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus or adult onset diabetes, often happens after age forty and turns into more common with increasing age.
Further study of vitamin D to target depressive symptoms in comorbid populations is needed Have you ever thought tips on how to develop a antidiabetic agent Professor Birgitte Holst will take you thru some how does diabetes affect the heart potential drug targets and the method to use G protein coupled receptor for treatment of diabetes One NIH funded analysis group is how does diabetes affect the heart How Do You Get Diabetes finding out whether a ldl cholesterol medicine called fenofibrate can stop diabetic retinopathy from getting worse Scientists are learning better ways to search out, treat, and prevent imaginative and prescient loss in people with diabetes In the early levels of diabetic retinopathy, your eye doctor will probably just hold observe of how your eyes are doing Some individuals with diabetic retinopathy might have a comprehensive dilated eye examination as typically as each 2 to four months.
Many contain scientifically proven ingredients which will lower your blood sugar, together with cinnamon and berberine These supplements normally take about three months to work, and the diploma that they work varies from person to person While some research did discover positive results on blood sugar ranges when utilizing these dietary supplements, this was not true for everyone While we all want we may cure diabetes and prediabetes with a pill, this isn t attainable These supplements might help you manage your blood sugar and hold it at a secure level.
Before sleep values must be between a hundred and ten mg dL 61 mmol L and 200 mg dL 111 mmol L This content is offered as a service of the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, a half of the National Institutes of Health The NIDDK interprets and disseminates research findings to increase knowledge and understanding about health and illness among patients, well being professionals, and the public Content produced by the NIDDK is carefully reviewed by NIDDK scientists and other specialists Hyperglycemia can turn right into a medical emergency like DKA and HHS that requires quick intervention by your practitioner or a neighborhood emergency department If you have two blood sugar readings of 300 mg dL or more, or have blood sugar above dot regulations on blood sugar your goal range anything above a hundred and eighty mg dL for greater than per week, search quick medical assist.
The pancreas is the boss when it comes to stabilizing blood sugar, so properly caring for it is important in controlling your blood sugar Our gut microbiome and glucose levels are intently linked, and a healthy microbiome will result in extra steady glucose levels Setting up a what is normal diabetic blood sugar Low Blood Sugar food regimen for more healthy blood sugar ranges is all about discovering foods that give you the results you want Over a hundred and twenty million Americans have high blood sugar or diabetes What may be an even scarier one is that most of them don t know they do Fortunately, we all know that the most successful preventative care approach for these circumstances is watching your blood glucose ranges.
High levels of blood sugar could cause adjustments that lead to a hardening of the blood vessels, what medical doctors name atherosclerosis High sugar ranges slowly erode the power of cells in your pancreas to make insulin The organ overcompensates and insulin levels keep too excessive.
Treatment of pituitary diabetes insipidus consists of what is normal diabetic blood sugar Low Blood Sugar administration of vasopressin A artificial analogue of vasopressin may be administered as a nasal spray, providing antidiuretic activity for eight to twenty hours, and is currently the drug of alternative what is normal diabetic blood sugar Low Blood Sugar Patient care contains instruction in self administration of the drug, its anticipated motion, symptoms that indicate a need to adjust the dosage, and the importance of follow up visits Patients with this Signs Of Low Blood Sugar how does diabetes affect the heart condition ought to put on some form of medical identification at all times With changing existence and increasing weight problems, the prevalence of DM has increased worldwide According to the International Diabetes Federation , in 2015, about 10 of the American inhabitants had diabetes.
When you don t get enough shut eye, your cravings and desire to eat now can go into overdrive That s as a end result of leptin reduces and ghrelin increases , signaling to your brain that you must eat that blueberry crumb muffin possibly even two of them earlier than you are feeling satisfied I suggest to develop your website to be linked with the new diabetic s Instruments as I hope the testing Unites will be produced which does not need to prick fingers for the Blood testing This is inspite of the reality that she just isn t given any medication after lunch and no food after 10pm.
Watch for loss of urge for food, weakness, vomiting, fever, abdomen pain and a candy, fruity breath In September 2016, the Food and Drug Administration permitted the primary synthetic pancreas for people with type 1 diabetes who are age 14 and older A second artificial pancreas was accredited in December 2019 Since then methods have been accredited for kids older than 2 years old The advice when it comes to alcohol and blood sugar isn t any a couple of drink per day for women and two drinks per day for males People often fall into this vary when they re late for a meal or have been particularly lively.
Knowing your blood sugar levels helps you handle your .
Which Diabetes Is Reversible
diabetes and reduces your risk of having severe issues now and sooner or later Gestational diabetes calculator checks submit prandial and fasting blood sugar stage to inform in how does diabetes affect the heart case you have being pregnant diabetes Know about gestational diabetes food plan and extra using this calculator.
You ll begin the glucose problem test by ingesting a syrupy glucose resolution One hour later, you may have a blood test to measure your blood sugar degree A blood sugar level beneath a hundred and forty mg dL 78 mmol L is often thought of regular on a glucose challenge check, though this may range at specific clinics or labs Regardless of when you last What Causes Diabetes what is normal diabetic blood sugar ate, a blood sugar level of 200 milligrams per deciliter mg dL 111 millimoles per liter mmol L or greater suggests diabetes.
If you have diabetes, self testing your blood sugar may be an essential tool in managing your diabetes and preventing problems You can use a device called a .
What Is Type 2 Diabetes
steady glucose monitor Or you can test your blood sugar at home with a conveyable electronic system known as a blood sugar meter utilizing a small drop of your blood If an individual has diabetes, it is more difficult to handle blood sugar ranges as it is among the main points they need to cope with It is most common for low or excessive blood sugar ranges to be present in a diabetic patient It is essential to get the best remedy so that you can return to a wholesome regular blood sugar degree and inhibit it from occurring again.
Oysters What Causes Diabetes what is normal diabetic blood sugar also have high ranges of zinc, which helps course of the sugar in your bloodstream The zinc and protein in oysters control fasting blood sugars, post meal blood sugars, and how does diabetes affect the heart hemoglobin A1C ranges Probiotics are powerful little intestine micro how does diabetes affect the heart organism that assist with defending your pancreas.
This means your kidneys are allowing protein to be filtered by way of and now appear in your urine The continued presence of protein in your urine is an indication of kidney harm Without oxygen and nutrients , you are more vulnerable to the development of cuts and sores that can result in infections that can t totally heal Areas of your body which might be farthest away from your heart are more doubtless to experience the results of poor blood flow So areas of your body like your toes, toes, legs and fingers are more doubtless to be amputated if infection develops and healing is poor Always take your drugs and insulin as instructed by your provider.
Please notice that medical info discovered on this website is designed to help, to not exchange the relationship between patient and physician doctor and the medical advice they could present In this interview, we speak to Dr Gareth Hollands about his latest research that investigated the use of medical imaging to reduce health dangers and encourage habits change Metabolic syndrome, that diabetes mellitus varieties a half of was found by Dr Gerald Reaven s in 1988 Banting was honored by World Diabetes Day which is held on his birthday, November 14 staring 2007.
A random blood glucose check can additionally be used to diagnose diabetes A blood glucose stage of 200 mg dl or higher indicates diabetes The two forms of diabetes are known as sort 1 and type 2 Former names for these situations had been insulin dependent and non insulin dependent diabetes, or juvenile onset and adult onset diabetes.
They might not at all times report the effects of hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia which ought to involve monitoring for other indicators and symptoms Clients with renal insufficiency are at threat of hypoglycemia as the kidneys are primarily liable for metabolizing exogenous insulin We have extra information for you if your baby has diabetes and you re checking their blood sugar levels for them.
With this in mind, new studies are starting to concentrate on strategies that may assist within the management of glucagon sensitivity and resistance within the human physique Yeast infections within the genital area are additionally extra widespread in sufferers with high blood sugar levels The high blood sugar creates an surroundings for Candida albicans to overgrow It causes soreness, ache, itching, and different signs in the genital What Causes Diabetes what is normal diabetic blood sugar space It isn t simply stress and sleep that can trigger fluctuations in hormones Illness, physical ache and trauma, menopause or menstruation can as nicely.
You ve requested a page on a internet site wholesomealivecom that s on the Cloudflare network Download a duplicate of the NDEP s Managing and Monitoring Diabetes to study extra about managing diabetes If you miss a dose of your diabetes medicine, take it as quickly as you keep in mind, however don t double up what is sugar in the blood by taking your missed treatment too intently to your next scheduled dose When doubtful, seek the assistance stress blood sugar diabetes cortisol of the guide how does diabetes affect the heart on the how does diabetes affect the heart packaging of the medicine or search for its Food and Drug Administration treatment guide If you miss several doses, contact your practitioner to discuss one of the best plan of action.
This occurs whether or not as a outcome of the pancreas isn t offering sufficient amount of insulin or goal tissues aren t responding to insulin Diabetes is extra more probably to develop in households with identified diabetes historical past I actually Signs Of Low Blood Sugar how does diabetes affect the heart have been a relentless uninteresting headache on my forehead for the past three weeks with intermittent nausea Especially if there is elevated thirst, urination and weight reduction.
Even cake frosting applied inside the cheeks can work in a pinch if patient cooperation is tough If the person turns into unconscious, glucagon can be given by intramuscular injection While there are no tips to make use of A1c as a screening device, it offers a physician a good suggestion that somebody is diabetic if the worth is elevated Right now, it s used as a regular tool to discover out blood sugar control in sufferers identified to have diabetes Fasting plasma glucose ranges of greater than 126 mg dl on two or more exams on totally different days point out diabetes About 9 out of ten individuals with diabetes have sort 2 diabetes.
Medical Nmd.mk how does diabetes affect the heart gadgets similar to blood glucose displays and insulin pumps have gotten more important to the day to day administration of diabetes for lots of Canadians If your blood sugar level is simply too excessive and you re taking insulin, you might must take an additional dose of rapid or short acting insulin to return it to regular Your physician can inform you how much insulin you have to take to lower your blood what is normal diabetic blood sugar Low Blood Sugar sugar level.
In T2DM, hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome is an emergent concern It presents similarly to DKA with excessive thirst, elevated blood glucose, dry mouth, polyuria, tachypnea, and tachycardia However, unlike DKA, HHS sometimes does not present with extreme urinary ketones since insulin nonetheless gets produced by what is normal diabetic blood sugar pancreatic beta cells Treatment for DKA or HHS involves insulin administration and aggressive intravenous hydration Careful management of electrolytes, particularly potassium, is crucial within What Causes Diabetes what is normal diabetic blood sugar the administration of these emergent circumstances Fasting glucose ranges and HbA1c testing are helpful for the early identification of T2DM.
Content on this web site is offered for information functions only The how does diabetes affect the heart info and supplies contained on this web site are not supposed to represent a complete information regarding all aspects of the therapy, product or treatment described on the web site The State of Victoria and the Department of Health shall not bear any liability for reliance by any person on the materials contained on this web site Doing so helps adults how does diabetes affect the heart stave off persistent circumstances, corresponding to heart illness and diabetes, and allows those that are already chronically sick to handle their ailments.
Often purchasers don t recognize the onset of Signs Of Low Blood Sugar how does diabetes affect the heart signs of hypoglycemia which may put them at high risk of harm either whereas endeavor regular activity or whereas asleep Causes of hypoglycemia embody taking too much insulin, and or not enough carbohydrates or inappropriate exercise in relation to food regimen and or insulin intake There are several varieties of diabetes type 1, sort 2 and gestational diabetes If you may have diabetes what is normal diabetic blood sugar Low Blood Sugar type 1, kind 2 or gestational your body both does not make sufficient insulin, can t use the insulin nicely, or both.
It is attributable to an absolute or relative deficiency of insulin and is characterized, in additional severe circumstances, by continual hyperglycemia, glycosuria, water and electrolyte loss, ketoacidosis, and coma Long term problems include neuropathy, retinopathy, nephropathy, generalized degenerative changes in giant and small blood vessels, and elevated susceptibility to infection A chronic metabolic disorder by which the use of carbohydrate is impaired and that of lipid and protein is enhanced Purified human insulin is most commonly used, nonetheless, insulin from beef and pork sources additionally are available Insulin could also be given as an injection of a single dose of 1 type of insulin once a day.
The excellent news is that kind 2 diabetes can be prevented or postponed by making healthy way of life decisions An estimated 1 best foods to eat to overcome low blood sugar in 20 49 , or 12 million Australians had diabetes in 2017 18, based mostly on self reported knowledge from the Australian Bureau of Statistics 2017 18 National Health Survey This contains folks with kind 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, and sort unknown, but excludes gestational diabetes If your physician suspects you may have diabetes, you might be requested to have a blood take a look at to check your glucose levels.
All is dry mouth a sign of low blood sugar of the above causes are risk components which will or might not be able to be inhibited They are necessary to be aware of and act accordingly to keep your self from getting a too high or too low blood sugar degree After blood sugar becomes low, the pancreas releases a peptide hormone called glucagon.
Some individuals can manage kind 2 diabetes with wholesome consuming and train However, your physician might have to prescribe oral medicines and or insulin that will help you meet your target blood sugar levels Even should you needn t deal with your diabetes with medicines at first, you might have to over time In basic, the American Diabetes Association recommends shooting for a blood sugar stage of eighty to a hundred thirty mg dL before a meal and a stage of lower than 180 mg dL after a meal Still, because people s goal blood glucose levels can What Causes Diabetes what is normal diabetic blood sugar vary, it is best to work with your physician or health care supplier to determine the best how does diabetes affect the heart How Do You Get Diabetes numbers for you.
Over time, this could damage your body and lead to many different problems does stress affect blood sugar An oral glucose tolerance test gives a clear image of how nicely your body is responding to sugar consumption The take a look at requires you to give a blood pattern and the physician will ask you to drink a mix of glucose water After this, one other check might be performed after 2 hours.
The kidneys give consideration to getting the additional glucose out of the bloodstream A excessive stage of glucose means the kidneys may not be ready to successfully adjust the patient s blood sugar levels In turn, these organs will flip to flush out the excess how does diabetes affect the heart glucose It s natural for blood sugar ranges how does diabetes affect the heart How Do You Get Diabetes to go up and down, but when extreme levels happen incessantly, they can lead to how does diabetes affect the heart various issues that might jeopardize a person s quality of life If your blood sugar ranges continue to increase, symptoms blood sugar level 74 good or bad can turn into worse and you may become confused and torpid You also may turn into how does diabetes affect the heart unconscious if your blood sugar levels are very excessive.
Three quarters of diabetics die from cardiovascular what is normal diabetic blood sugar Low Blood Sugar disease Women with diabetes have a 4 instances larger threat of dying from heart problems People suffering from diabetes usually have excessive levels of how does diabetes affect the heart cholesterol as well A patient with diabetes is at a 5 instances larger danger of developing cardiovascular disease than affected person with out diabetes.
Blood glucose levels are normally regulated by the hormone insulin, which is made by the pancreas Diabetes happens when there is a drawback with this hormone and the way it works in the body MODY how does diabetes affect the heart is a heterogeneous disorder recognized by non insulin dependent diabetes recognized at a young age It carries an autosomal dominant transmission and does not involve autoantibodies as in T1DM Type 2 diabetes is way extra common than type 1 diabetes, accounting for about ninety pc of all instances.
Taking steps to stop or management diabetes doesn t imply living in how does diabetes affect the heart deprivation it means eating a tasty, balanced food how does diabetes affect the heart plan that will also how does diabetes affect the heart How Do You Get Diabetes enhance your energy and enhance your temper You don t have to give up sweets completely or resign yourself to a lifetime of bland food A disease marked by irregular ranges of sugar within the blood, attributable to the body s incapability to provide or use insulin correctly If untreated, it can cause circulatory issues and nerve injury Diabetes may be treated with medication, insulin injections, and dietary restrictions This check supplies details about a person s average levels of blood glucose over the earlier 3 months.
Diabetic retinopathy is a crucial reason for blindness, and occurs on account of long term accrued injury to the small blood vessels within the retina Impaired glucose tolerance and impaired fasting glycaemia are intermediate situations in the transition between normality how does diabetes affect the heart and diabetes People with IGT or IFG are at high danger of progressing to kind 2 diabetes, though this is not inevitable This situation is characterized by hypertension, extra protein within the urine, and swelling within the legs and feet Preeclampsia can result in serious and even life threatening problems for each mom and baby.
Exercising no much less than a hundred and fifty minutes per week and shedding about 7 of your body weight might prevent or delay type 2 diabetes An artificial pancreas can be known as closed loop insulin supply The implanted gadget links a steady glucose monitor, which checks blood sugar levels every five minutes, to an insulin pump.
High blood sugar levels can have an result on your body s circulatory system as well, Dr Hatipoglu says, impairing blood move and the body s ability to heal itself Sores that take a while to heal, usually on the feet, are a common signal of this decreased circulation, based on the Mayo Clinic And most people with prediabetes actually haven t any symptoms, per the NIDDK So it s extraordinarily important to get screened when you have risk factors, like having a family historical past, being obese, or being over age 45, the NIDDK says Low blood sugar known within the medical neighborhood as hypoglycemia happens when your blood sugar degree drops beneath normal, according to the how does diabetes affect the heart National Institutes of Health A fasting blood sugar of 70 mg dL or decrease usually signifies low blood sugar, the Mayo Clinic says.
For most girls, blood sugar levels will return to normal after giving start And when you ve had gestational diabetes, you will need to be examined regularly since you are at a lot larger threat for creating how does diabetes affect the heart type 2 diabetes later 220 blood sugar level in life GLYCEMIC INDEX is a scale which helps to rank carbohydrate wealthy foods, depending on how they have an effect on blood glucose ranges, by comparing them to glucose You might have to change your therapy or life style to maintain your blood sugar levels inside a wholesome range For usually healthy individuals who haven t eaten for eight hours or extra, a normal blood sugar degree is between mg how does diabetes affect the heart dL.
People with insulin resistance are extra likely to have a historical past of Low Blood Sugar Levels how does diabetes affect the heart being obese and physically inactive They are additionally likely to have other cardiovascular risk factors similar to an extreme amount of what is a good blood sugar level canada LDL cholesterol, not sufficient HDL ldl cholesterol, high triglyceridesand hypertension If untreated, high blood glucose levels may find yourself in critical how does diabetes affect the heart problems forty threeIntensive blood glucose control with sulphonylureas or insulin compared with typical treatment and threat of complications in sufferers with sort 2 diabetes One of the most common antagonistic effects of insulin is hypoglycemia Gastrointestinal upset is the commonest side impact of most of the T2DM medications.
Although gestational diabetes often subsides after delivery, girls with how does diabetes affect the heart GDM have a 45 threat of recurrence with the following being pregnant and a big danger of developing type 2 diabetes later in life Depending in your therapy, especially if you re on insulin, your doctor will let you know if you have to check your blood sugar levels and the way often to do it You may be able to reach your target blood sugar levels with diet and exercise alone.
Saturated fat ought to be restricted to lower than 7 of whole caloric intake, foods that are good for lowering blood sugar and trans fatty acids minimized A regular, constant stage of day by day exercise is prescribed, and participation in a supervised train program is beneficial All individuals with diabetes should test for ketones during times of how does diabetes affect the heart acute sickness or stress and when blood glucose levels are persistently elevated Persistent hyperglycemia in uncontrolled diabetes mellitus could cause several issues, each acute and chronic Diabetes mellitus is probably considered one of the leading causes of heart problems , blindness, kidney failure, and amputation of lower limbs Acute issues embody hypoglycemia, diabetic ketoacidosis, hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state, and hyperglycaemic diabetic coma.
It can even trigger the production of cortisol, which makes it harder for insulin to work When your body s insulin can t properly metabolize the glucose in your blood, the glucose remains there and your glucose levels rise A growing physique of research links imbalances in the microbiota residing in our guts to an lack of ability to control glucose ranges within the blood Certain medications, together with steroids and beta blockers, can disrupt lower 3 month blood sugar insulin s effectiveness Others, like second generation antipsychotics and sure antibiotics, could contribute to excessive blood sugar.
With that in thoughts, these are the principle recognized how does diabetes affect the heart causes of excessive blood glucose Glucose is absorbed from the intestines and by way of blood how does diabetes affect the heart stream What Causes Diabetes what is normal diabetic blood sugar it reaches the liver and varied physique cells how does diabetes affect the heart to provide the first source of power for physique s cells Food contains a number of different sorts of sugars eg fructose from fruits, galactose and lactose from milk and dairy, sorbitol, xylose, maltose and so forth These sugars are inert with regard to the human metabolism and its regulation by insulin hormone and thus blood sugar tends to check with glucose alone.
Levels that are larger than regular, but not reaching the purpose of full blown diabetes, are known as prediabetes People who use Low Carb Program have achieved weight loss, improved HbA1c, lowered medicines and kind 2 diabetes remission Download a FREE blood glucose stage chart in your cellphone, desktop or as a printout Talk together with your health care supplier about how typically you should document your blood sugar results The readings given by many gadgets can now be downloaded to a computer Blood sugar testing is an important a half of diabetes care.
Given the fact that your mother has type 2 diabetes you re underneath higher danger to develop diabetes sort 2 as well But we can not diagnose you, only your personal doctor can do that There are, of course, different factors that influence blood glucose rise and fall that must be taken under consideration , meaning that a rise in blood glucose it not always due to ingestion of meals Certain foods will make your blood sugar go up quite rapidly.
Wait for 30 60 minutes without consuming, and take a look at again to see if your blood sugar has dropped to a level that is protected for exercise Strenuous exercise and exercise encourage your physique to produce glucose to fuel your muscle tissue The affected person ought to start by discussing the high blood sugar degree with their physician The physician will be ready to carry out a few checks to offer them a greater view of the patient s diabetes Normally, the kidneys assist to filter out further blood glucose by rising the amount of urine faraway from the body.
They may enhance your insulin sensitivity, which makes your body react to much less insulin This helps counteract the results of diabetes, which does the precise opposite Sometimes, these supplements could improve the amount of glucose your cells use, successfully lowering your blood sugar.
Often insulin is injected using a nice needle and syringe or an insulin pen a device that appears like a big ink pen The most secure method to keep away from any of the potential risks of alcohol and diabetes is to avoid utilizing alcohol altogether If what is normal diabetic blood sugar Low Blood Sugar you drink alcohol, it s important to consider these sugars and energy when you re looking at your overall Nmd.mk how does diabetes affect the heart diet Pay consideration to labels and serving sizes because completely different alcoholic drinks impact sugar ranges in a unique way Each week Dr Morgan Nolte, PT, DPT, What Causes Diabetes what is normal diabetic blood sugar GCS breaks down the research behind weight reduction and conduct change to give you actionable steps to begin out seeing results.
Evidence confirms that acute hyperglycemia causes microvascular harm and results in poor useful restoration, particularly in sufferers who have how does diabetes affect the heart sustained myocardial infarction When it involves hyperglycemia or high blood sugar, there are two sorts of issues The first What Causes Diabetes what is normal diabetic blood sugar kind is fasting hyperglycemia, which is blood sugar larger than one hundred thirty mg dl after not consuming or ingesting for eight hours It could enhance the danger of heart disease, heart can aspartame raise blood sugar levels attack, stroke, and kidney injury Low Blood Sugar Levels how does diabetes affect the heart These particles impair the functions of glycated substances A lack of quality sleep can how does diabetes affect the heart inhibit how a lot insulin your physique can launch.
Because there are so many supplements out there that use a big selection of ingredients, it is potential to search out one which works for you even if the usual elements don t Generally, we ranked these supplements decrease than others, simply because it was going to be more difficult to take them properly We additionally aimed to only used dietary supplements that how does diabetes affect the heart How Do You Get Diabetes were made in the USA, UK, or Australia.
A type of DM that has traits of each sorts 1 and a couple of The affected person might have episodes of diabetic ketoacidosis however marked insulin resistance and an overweight physique sort It is the most typical complication of CF other than these situations that affect the lungs It is brought on by destruction of islet cells as nicely as a decrease in sensitivity of the liver and muscles to the actions of insulin The illness normally first becomes clinically obvious in young adults.
Excessive glucose how does diabetes affect the heart allows organisms to develop out of control The Expert Committee notes that almost all instances of diabetes fall into two broad classes, that are referred to as Type 1 and Type 2 There are also other particular types, how does diabetes affect the heart corresponding to gestational diabetes and impaired glucose homeostasis.
Some common legumes are lentils, beans, peas, and chickpeas Legumes are additionally excessive in fiber, which helps keep blood sugar from spiking because the fiber slows the breakdown of the meals Try making a hearty lentil soup or having a chickpea hummus to dip veggies into.
This results in elevated urine glucose, which in turn results in excessive lack of fluid and electrolytes in the urine Lack of insulin also causes the inability to store fat and protein together with breakdown of existing fat and protein stores This dysregulation, leads to the process of ketosis and the release of physically shaking low blood sugar ketones into the blood Ketones flip the blood acidic, a condition referred to as diabetic ketoacidosis Symptoms of diabetic ketoacidosis embody nausea, vomiting, and abdominal ache.
After time, if manufacturing decreases and insulin cannot be released as vigorously, hyperglycemia develops There is not any definite way to know if you have diabetes without present process blood tests to determine your blood glucose ranges Many extra folks have blood sugar ranges above the conventional vary, but not excessive enough to be recognized as having diabetes During pregnancy, some women have such excessive ranges of blood glucose that their physique is unable to produce sufficient insulin to absorb it all Both the affected person and household are taught to identify signs of dehydration and to report signs of extreme dehydration and impending hypovolemia.
Your pancreas doesn t make any insulin or enough insulin Organ protection with GLP 1 receptor agonists in type 2 how does diabetes affect the heart diabetes The common variety of weeks it takes for an article to go through the editorial evaluate course of for this journal, together with commonplace and desk rejects However, within does quitting alcohol raise fasting blood sugar levels the run as a lot as the end of the millennium, the scale of the problem has led China to become a rustic with certainly one of highest diabetes prevalence figures.
Type 2 diabetes can typically be initially managed by way of life modifications, similar to following a nutritious diet and being bodily active Eventually, you may have to take medicines to handle glucose levels Your physician may prescribe tablets or injectable medicines to assist maintain your blood glucose within how does diabetes affect the heart the goal vary Gestational diabetes occurs when a lady experiences excessive blood glucose levels throughout pregnancy.
Type 2 diabetes is often tied to people who are overweight with a sedentary way of life If you are taking too little insulin, your blood sugar can rise to a dangerously excessive stage Your cells usually are not getting the sugar, or energy, they need As talked about above, excessive blood sugar levels can lead to the long term complications and can be life threatening Thirty minutes of moderate intensity physical exercise on most days and a nutritious diet can drastically scale back the chance of growing sort 2 diabetes Over time, having an extreme quantity of glucose in your blood could cause severe issues.
However, in how does diabetes affect the heart case you have sugar levels larger than that then it is an indication of diabetes Recommended blood glucose levels have a level of interpretation for every individual and you must focus on this together with your healthcare staff If you should take medications that will affect the accuracy of the readings, your health care provider could advocate double checking your CGM results with a regular blood sugar meter Check together with your health care provider about utilizing a CGM when you re pregnant, on dialysis or critically sick, as these situations may affect the blood sugar readings from a CGM One way to check one s personal sugar degree is by pricking a finger with a high blood sugar level of 400 lancet and putting the blood that comes out onto a take a look at strip, then inserting the strip into a glucose monitor.
As already mentioned, steroids could be a common cause in addition to beta blockers Both medications could cause the liver blood sugar 160 after eating to turn into resistant to insulin, which causes a similar impression as type 1 diabetes Cystic fibrosis some cystic fibrosis patients develop hyperglycemia when utilizing sure steroids or immunosuppressants These medicines could cause a spike in blood sugar ranges and symptoms are normally elevated thirst and urination Hyperglycemia is a temporary problem carbs that won t raise my blood sugar level for cystic fibrosis sufferers when treated Type 1 diabetes kind 1 diabetes is a less common situation with round 5 pc of Americans getting it versus greater than that having type 2 diabetes.
The goal blood glucose ranges range a little bit relying in cholestorol medicines that do not raise blood sugar your type of diabetes and between adults and youngsters There are two forms of blood sugar ranges that might be measured The first is the blood glucose level we get from doing finger prick blood glucose how does diabetes affect the heart exams These give us a how does diabetes affect the heart studying of how high our ranges are at that very cut off date.
Be cautious with dried fruits as a result of they re concentrated In this state, ketones may very well make your blood sugar stage go even larger and you might want intravenous fluids to rebalance Inhalable insulin is a powdered form of rapid acting insulin that can be delivered to the lungs with an inhaler Clinical trials have proven that though it is not superior to injectable insulin, it does supply similar benefits in reducing blood sugar While taking rapid acting insulin is the quickest method to decrease your blood sugar, there are different ways like exercising and staying hydrated that may help In instances of an emergency, contact your healthcare supplier immediately.
Next, after checking blood sugar degree, enter the date, time, level, and any notes in the blood sugar chart Notes how does diabetes affect the heart within the chart will inform what meals you ate, what workout routines you re doing, and the rest that you just suppose could affect your stage The following normal suggestions are from the American Diabetes Association for individuals who have diagnosed diabetes and are not pregnant.
The optimal timing of meals for diabetic cats is controversial Many veterinarians recommend feeding on the time of insulin injection to keep away from a harmful what is normal diabetic blood sugar Low Blood Sugar drop in blood glucose levels However, there is no definitive evidence that the timing or frequency of meals in diabetic cats protects them from insulin induced hypoglycemia With a low carbohydrate diet, free selection feeding could additionally be acceptable for cats preferring to graze all through the day, especially if a longer acting insulin preparation is used.
DM that results from injury to the pancreas eg, after frequent episodes of pancreatitis how does diabetes affect the heart or from drugs corresponding to how does diabetes affect the heart corticosteroids Type 1 DM usually presents as an acute illness with dehydration and infrequently diabetic ketoacidosis The American Diabetes Association 1 800 DIABETES estimates that more than 5 million Americans have kind 2 DM without figuring out it A calorically restricted food plan, regular train, and metformin or insulin are used to treat GDM.
Abdominal pain in adults The type of pain felt in the abdomen can vary greatly Don t make adjustments to your diabetes tablets with out speaking to your physician about it first You can hyperlink up with the diabetes team in your area via your physician or Diabetes Australia Vic.
If your kidneys are broken or you may have kidney failure, you can need dialysis or a kidney substitute But additionally they raise your risk of coronary heart issues, in order that they aren t normally a primary choice for remedy Being obese or obese can cause insulin resistance, particularly when you carry your further kilos round your center Getting Past the Guilt of Type 2 See how one affected person discovered to handle her weight and diet Recovery turns into so much extra manageable when you have the right kind of emotional assist.
DisclaimerAll content on this website, including dictionary, thesaurus, literature, geography, and different reference information is for informational functions only This information should not be considered complete, updated, and is not supposed for use in place of a visit, consultation, or recommendation of a authorized, medical, or endometriosis and blood sugar some other skilled This content material is provided by iMedix and is subject to iMedix Terms The Questions and Answers aren t endorsed or really helpful and are made obtainable by patients, not doctors.
A relative or absolute insulin deficiency finally results in weight loss Diabetes impacts approximately 303 million folks 94 of the population in the United States, whereas one other estimated eighty four1 million people have prediabetes and don t know it If you think you may have prediabetes or What Causes Diabetes what is normal diabetic blood sugar diabetes contact a health care professional.
In most instances the affected person still must manually approve any insulin dose However, in 2013 the US FDA accredited the primary synthetic pancreas sort how does diabetes affect the heart gadget, meaning an implanted sensor and pump mixture that stops insulin supply when glucose levels reach a sure low level All of these units need to be correlated to fingersticks measurements for a couple of hours earlier than they will operate independently With sort 2 diabetes, your physique doesn t use insulin properly and can t hold blood sugar at normal levels It develops over many years and is usually diagnosed in adults.
The clinicians should ask the affected person bout any current skin adjustments in their ft throughout each visit The diabetic foot exam, together with the monofilament take a look at, should be a part of the routine physical exam African American adults, adolescents, and youngsters have a high risk for, and a excessive prevalence of insulin resistance and overt type 2 diabetes mellitus African American diabetic patients obtain lower high quality well being care, are much less well managed, and consequently have a higher rate of problems than white diabetic sufferers.
Lifestyle adjustments with a give consideration to lowering obesity can stop or delay the onset of diabetes in 58 of this inhabitants The affected person and household should be referred to native and nationwide help and data groups and should require psychological counseling Diabetes is ranked third as a explanation for demise, although the life span of patients with diabetes has elevated due to improved strategies of detection and higher management There isn t any treatment for diabetes this current day, but enormous strides have been made within the management of the illness The patient should understand the importance of compliance with the whole remedy plan, together with food plan, exercise, and in some circumstances treatment.
This testing, along with constant clinical indicators, will lead to the analysis of What Causes Diabetes what is normal diabetic blood sugar diabetes Hypoglycemia, or low blood sugar, Signs Of Low Blood Sugar how does diabetes affect the heart could be caused by an excessive amount of insulin, too little meals , alcohol consumption, or elevated train A patient with signs of hypoglycemia tips tp raise blood sugar could additionally be hungry, cranky, confused, and tired Left untreated, the affected person can lose consciousness or have a seizure.
The breakdown of fat and proteins for vitality causes acid compounds known as ketones to form within the blood As ketones construct up in the blood, a Low Blood Sugar Levels how does diabetes affect the heart situation known as ketoacidosis can occur This situation could be life threatening if left untreated, resulting in coma and demise Symptoms embrace frequent urination, lethargy, excessive thirst, and starvation.
Other diabetes a name for much less frequent types of diabetes ensuing from a variety of various health conditions or circumstances This contains diseases affecting the pancreas and endocrine system, viral infections, genetic syndromes and in some instances diabetes triggered from drugs wanted to manage or deal with another well being condition Either diabetes insipidus or diabetes mellitus, illnesses having in widespread the triad of signs polyuria, weight loss, and can apple watch check blood sugar important glucosuria.
In prediabetes which might lead to type 2 diabetes and in kind 2 diabetes, your cells become resistant to the motion of insulin, and your pancreas is unable to make enough insulin to beat this resistance Instead of shifting into your cells where it s needed for power, sugar builds up in your bloodstream What is thought is that your immune system which usually fights dangerous micro organism or viruses attacks and destroys your insulin producing cells in the pancreas.
Research connects being obese and having a higher body fats percentage with high blood glucose ranges In Signs Of Low Blood Sugar how does diabetes affect the heart fact, a high body fat proportion could be a clearer indicator of excessive blood sugar and diabetes than weight or physique mass index A traditional glucometer requires a finger prick to take the blood pattern on the glucometer chip But this technique is time consuming and painful for many people.
Rampant elevated blood sugar ranges may be genetic or because of lifestyle choices how does diabetes affect the heart Fruit or spice infused water or carbonated water with no sugar added will hold you hydrated with out causing issues with your blood sugar Tea can additionally be a zero sugar beverage that contains antioxidants, which have been proven to assist regulate blood sugar levels Nuts are full of unsaturated fat , which are typically thought of wholesome fat.
About 5 of individuals who have diabetes have sort 1 diabetes, or insulin dependent diabetes Type 1 diabetes has additionally been known as juvenile diabetes becuse Low Blood Sugar Levels how does diabetes affect the heart it normally how does diabetes affect the heart develops in kids and youngsters The variety of folks with diabetes has nearly quadrupled since 1980 Prevalence is increasing worldwide, particularly in low and middle income countries The causes are complex, but the rise is due in part to will increase in the variety of people how does diabetes affect the heart who discover themselves obese, together with 1 hour postprandial blood sugar normal range an increase in obesity, and in a widespread lack of bodily exercise If Low Blood Sugar Levels how does diabetes affect the heart you have sort 2 diabetes, your physique doesn t make or use insulin well.
So they know when they should alert an grownup about what might be occurring if their parents aren t around There are ways in which you can check blood sugar degree without the standard meter technique, however do notice that they are not as correct A system called the continuous glucose monitoring pump is like how does diabetes affect the heart Low Blood Sugar an insulin pump, which may help you find patterns and developments in your sugar levels These non prick strategies use electromagnetic is 79 low blood sugar waves to learn glucose within the physique Excessive exercise or activity overworking the body if you end up insulin resistant is harmful.
We have lots extra data that will help you if you re planning to have a child or you re pregnant now We ve got extra information about the HbA1c check and what your ranges imply We ve been campaigning to make this life changing know how more easily available take a glance at ourFight for Flashcampaign Choose which finger to prick however avoid your thumb or index finger Place the device towards the aspect of your finger and press the plunger.
So, if one doesn t work, there s still an honest chance that another one will Your physique simply may not have reacted particularly nicely to the first one you tried We recommend using these dietary supplements carefully and alongside your usual treatment.
This fact sheet addresses the AMP analysis plan for sort 2 diabetes If you could have diabetes, your doctor may display you for despair or cognitive impairment Older adults with diabetes are at higher threat for these circumstances, compared with others their age who do not have diabetes.
There are quite lots of meal planning techniques that can be utilized by the affected person with diabetes every has benefits and drawbacks that need to be evaluated so as to maximize compliance Two of the most regularly used ones are the exchange system and the carbohydrate counting system 1Zheng Y, Ley SH, Hu FB Global aetiology and epidemiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its issues In sufferers with basic symptoms of hyperglycemia , random plasma glucose greater than 200 mg dL can additionally be sufficient to diagnose DM In T1DM, there s how does diabetes affect the heart cellular mediated, autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells The main histocompatibility advanced , also referred to how does diabetes affect the heart as human leukocyte antigens , is reported to account for about 40 to 50 of the familial aggregation of T1DM.
If the body fails to hold up normal ranges of glucose, it might give rise to several illness circumstances Persistently excessive blood glucose is known as hyperglycemia Diabetes mellitus is characterised by persistent hyperglycemia from any of several causes.
A tubeless pump that works wirelessly is also now out there You program an insulin pump to dispense specific amounts of insulin It could be adjusted to ship kind of insulin relying on meals, activity level and blood sugar level.
Stick to foods with a low glycemic ranking of 55 or beneath to lower your blood sugar It ensures carbohydrates obtained from Signs Of Low Blood Sugar how does diabetes affect the heart food are converted into energy and not stored as extra sugar Nerve harm is typical in individuals with excessive blood sugar.
Diabetes was additionally more widespread in males 50 than females 38 after controlling for age Diabetes is a persistent condition marked by excessive levels of glucose within the blood It is brought on by the physique being unable to produce insulin or to make use of insulin successfully, or both If you have diabetes, your eyes are at risk from diabetic retinopathy, a situation that can lead to sight loss if it s not treated.
Research shows that sort 2 diabetes could be prevented or delayed with way of life modifications Most cases of ketoacidosis happen in people with established sort 1 diabetes, particularly if they have another sickness or miss insulin doses However, it can be the primary presentation of sort 1 diabetes Insulin is a hormone made by the pancreas, which is a gland located just below the stomach.
When food is digested and enters your bloodstream, insulin strikes glucose out of the blood and into cells, where it is damaged down to provide power Diabetes Australia s website has details about the different types of diabetes and sensible advice for dwelling with diabetes There are many ways you can reduce your threat of problems.
It can Low Blood Sugar Levels how does diabetes affect the heart also cause insulin resistance, a situation during which the cells how does diabetes affect the heart How Do You Get Diabetes in your physique not respond to the insulin your body produces Emerging evidence is also exhibiting that there may be a extra direct connection between the pancreas and the liver In particular, it was found that a collection of fatty acids in the liver can adversely have an effect on glucagon sensitivity within the body When glucagon ranges rise, it means more sugar is produced contained in the liver.
But, analysis suggests that consuming processed foods can enhance blood glucose High blood glucose, also referred to as hyperglycemia, happens when there s an excessive amount of sugar within the bloodstream Low blood sugar, or how does diabetes affect the heart hypoglycemia, is the end result of too little glucose within the bloodstream Hyperglycemia usually happens as a outcome of your body doesn t produce sufficient insulin or can t properly use the available insulin to remove the glucose from the bloodstream CGMs are more expensive than the standard finger prick glucose meters as a result of more advanced know how used in CGMs.
All hospitalized patients will benefit from an preliminary display screen for blood glucose regardless of a historical past of diabetes The use of glucose management protocols, with nurse initiated remedy protocols, is good for the administration of hypoglycemia in the hospital setting You can do blood sugar degree verify by doing afinger prick check, by using a blood sugar monitor referred to as a flash glucose monitor or with a continuous glucose monitor There are new therapies for juvenile diabetes, and more people with diabetes could be treated than ever earlier than.
So, the pancreas maintains the level of glucose or sugar within the blood A1C results inform .
Managing Canine Glucose Curves
you your common blood sugar level over 3 months A1C results could also be different in people with hemoglobin Low Blood Sugar Levels how does diabetes affect the heart problemsexternal icon corresponding to sickle cell anemia Work together with your physician to resolve the best A1C goal for you Nmd.mk how does diabetes affect the heart It is seen in individuals with sort 2 diabetes, and it s typically preceded by an illness Call your doctor or seek instant medical care in case you have indicators or signs of this situation.
Diabetes is a illness in which your blood sugar levels are too excessive Over time, having too much glucose in your blood may cause serious problems Even if you don t have diabetes, sometimes you would possibly have issues with blood sugar that s too low or too excessive Keeping a daily schedule of consuming, activity, how to get diabetes under control and taking any medicines you need can help Tracking your blood sugar stage is extremely beneficial to give you energy over your body and well being.
Three quarters of diabetics die from cardiovascular disease Women with diabetes have a 4 times larger danger of death from heart problems People suffering from diabetes normally have excessive levels of cholesterol as properly A patient with diabetes is at a how does diabetes affect the heart 5 times higher risk of growing heart problems than affected person with out diabetes.
Educate lecturers, college personnel and different youngster care providers about taking care of your baby with kind 1 diabetes Whether you are newly recognized or have lived with diabetes for years, taking excellent care of your toes is essential Learn greatest practices and high suggestions tailored to wherever you re in your diabetes journey.
In a diabetic, the glucose within the blood goes up and stays excessive after ingesting the sweetened liquid A plasma glucose degree of eleven1 mmol L 200 mg dL or higher at two hours after drinking the syrup and at one different level in the course of the two hour check period confirms the diagnosis of diabetes Symptoms of diabetes can develop all of a sudden in beforehand healthy youngsters or adolescents, or can develop steadily in overweight adults over the age of 40 The traditional signs embrace feeling tired and sick, frequent urination, excessive thirst, excessive starvation, and weight reduction Type I diabetes, generally known as juvenile diabetes, begins most commonly in childhood or adolescence In this form of diabetes, the physique produces little or no insulin.
Obesity is a leading threat issue for diabetesCalculate your BMIto see whether you re at a healthy weight If you re overweight or obese, start making small adjustments to your eating habits and medical term for checking blood sugar get more bodily exercise Even how does diabetes affect the heart a small amount of weight reduction 7 , or about 14 pounds for a 200 pound woman can delay or even forestall kind 2 false low blood sugar reaction diabetes Over time, this extra glucose can result in prediabetes or diabetes Diabetes puts you at risk for different critical and life threatening health problems, such asheart disease, stroke, blindness, and kidney harm Kidney injury from diabetes known as diabetic nephropathy.
These particles affect blood move and impair LDL performance, how does diabetes affect the heart HDL, and other how does diabetes affect the heart proteins and lipids in our our bodies This causes a series of reactions that result in how does diabetes affect the heart cardiovascular illnesses, coronary heart assault, stroke, but in addition induces nerve injury and slows down wound healing Exercise also makes our body more insulin delicate, which implies we would require much less insulin for the the rest of the day to manage glucose levels Diet and how it pertains to blood glucose values can range immensely from individual to individual.
Resistance coaching, corresponding to power exercises, has been shown to improve blood sugar management For folks with diabetes, being conscious of how food will impression blood sugar is an on a regular basis feat Managing blood sugar has each short term and long term benefits, including reducing the risk of diabetes related complications When making meals choices whereas managing blood sugar levels, it could be very important choose ones that won t trigger your blood sugar to increase rapidly and considerably Look for whether meals have advanced or easy carbohydrates and go for complicated carbohydrates when possible Blood tests are more frequent urine exams for measuring blood sugar.
The discovery of the leptin protein in mice and its connection to diabetes and obesity While this international well being disaster continues to evolve, it can be useful to look to past pandemics to raised understand how to respond today Regardless of the place you would possibly be in your journey with diabetes, we are here to help Find educators close to you that may help to handle your diabetes.
A P worth lower than 005 was thought of statistically important All statistical .
When Is The Best Time To Check Blood Sugar
analyses have been conducted utilizing the SAS system, version 9three and SUDAAN software, version 100 There s a lot you are in a place to do to forestall the development of diabetes However, when you or your baby or adolescent develop signs of diabetes, see your healthcare supplier The earlier diabetes is recognized, the sooner steps may be taken to treat and control it The higher you ll find a way to management your blood sugar level, the extra doubtless you would possibly be Low Blood Sugar Levels how does diabetes affect the heart to reside a protracted, wholesome life.
The period of diabetes is probably the most crucial threat issue for the event of diabetic retinopathy In people with sort 1 diabetes, it usually sets in about 5 years after disease onset Hence it is suggested to start the yearly retinal exams in these patients about 5 years after prognosis.
Patient instructing ought to emphasize that a diabetic food regimen is a nutritious diet that each one members of the family can observe Another manifestation of diabetes mellitus is visible disturbance because of increased osmolarity of the blood and accumulation of fluid within the eyeball, which changes its shape Once the diabetes is under control, visible problems ought to abate Persistent vaginitis and urinary tract an infection additionally could additionally be symptoms of diabetes in females 18Cepeda Marte JL, Ruiz Matuk C, Mota M, P rez S, Recio N, Hern ndez D, Fern ndez J, Porto J, Ramos A Quality of life and metabolic management in sort 2 diabetes mellitus recognized individuals.
That could cause an extreme amount of glucose to stay within the blood, which might cause well being issues over time Your family physician could refer you to a doctor who focuses on taking good care of people with diabetes, referred to as an endocrinologist Often, your family physician will work instantly with you to manage your diabetes.
If you re at high danger of developing diabetes, taking this treatment is crucial for decreasing excessive glucose levels Part of the body s fight or flight response to stress is to supply extra glucose Another facet of that response is What Causes Diabetes what is normal diabetic blood sugar an increase in the hormone cortisol High cortisol can scale back the body s sensitivity to insulin.
Your body has a myriad of how to make extra blood sugar in addition to making various sources of power like ketones But we don t have any method to make extra blood strain The physique can shield blood glucose levels significantly better than it could shield blood .
Care Touch Blood Glucose Monitoring System
Amount of glucose in blood measured frequently by sufferers with diabetes Tell your diabetes care staff when you ever have a severe hypo that caused you to have a seizure or match how does diabetes affect the heart Tell your diabetes care group when you ever have a extreme hypo that triggered you to lose Low Blood Sugar Levels how does diabetes affect the heart consciousness It mainly impacts individuals withdiabetes, especially in the event that they blood sugar over 400 what do i do take insulin.
You how does diabetes affect the heart can also work with your doctor and a registered dietitian to devise a routine that s both preventative and sustainable The brain is dependent on glucose as its major vitality producing substance Low blood glucose signifies to the brain that there s want for meals intake and this triggers sensations of hunger Blood sugar or blood glucose level is the amount of glucose low blood sugar and you current in the blood of a human or animal Blood glucose is a tightly regulated biochemical parameter in blood.
You can also be advised to watch your blood sugar degree more carefully, or check your blood or urine for substances known as ketones Or you may have an appointment with a nurse or physician every few months to see what your average blood sugar stage is You may be advised to use a testing gadget to observe your blood sugar stage regularly at house how does diabetes affect the heart But hyperglycaemia may be potentially dangerous if blood sugar ranges turn into very excessive or stay excessive for lengthy durations Cortisol thwarts the impact of insulin, making the cells insulin resistant and signaling your pancreas to release more insulin to cope with the additional glucose Your cells have hassle getting the glucose they stevia effects on blood sugar need for vitality when cortisol is elevated chronically, and the cycle continues.
Managing your diabetes by staying physically active, eating healthy, and taking your medicine also can allow you to prevent or delay vision loss Diabetic retinopathy is a watch situation that can trigger imaginative and prescient loss and blindness in people who have diabetes It affects blood vessels in the retina the light sensitive layer of tissue in the again of your eye A single blood glucose studying in a veterinary clinic may not be adequate to what is normal diabetic blood sugar Low Blood Sugar diagnose diabetes in all circumstances Cats can develop a short term elevation in blood glucose as a response to emphasize, generally identified as stress hyperglycemia.
While the importance of constructing food selections that can maintain blood sugar levels in verify can t be understated, it s also necessary to note that discovering what works is an individual selection We share these concepts on meals that won t spike your blood sugar as a information and inspiration when on a daily basis food decisions are made Below are 10 foods that won t spike your blood sugar ranges and some ideas for incorporating them into your meals. | <urn:uuid:ac2eeb71-e9e8-47e4-907d-6dbddda0b218> | {
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- Parks (A - Z)
- Addo Elephant National Park
- Agulhas National Park
- Augrabies Falls National Park
- Bontebok National Park
- Camdeboo National Park
- Garden Route (Tsitsikamma, Knysna, Wilderness) National Park
- Golden Gate Highlands National Park
- Karoo National Park
- Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park
- Kruger National Park
- Mapungubwe National Park
- Marakele National Park
- Mokala National Park
- Mountain Zebra National Park
- Namaqua National Park
- Table Mountain National Park
- Tankwa Karoo National Park
- West Coast National Park
- |Ai-|Ais/Richtersveld Transfrontier Park
- Wild Card
- Contact Us
Golden Gate Highlands National Park
If you would like to make bookings or view availability for Golden Gate Hotel and Chalets, please click on the 'Make Reservation' button.
You can find more information on the booking process by clicking on 'More Info'.
Vegetation and Grasses
- Plant List for Golden Gate Highlands National Park
Structurally, the vegetation of Golden Gate can be divided into grassland and woodland/forest.
The climate is considered to be the major environmental factor that influences the floristic composition and distribution of the vegetation units. The Afromontane forest is restricted to the sheltered ravines and gorges where the necessary moisture level is maintained and the vegetation is protected from unfavourable weather conditions, as well as fire.
While in the valleys and on the south-eastern aspect of some of the slopes, the vegetation is dominated by Leucosidea sericea (ouhout) woodland. Isolated patches of Protea woodland (Protea caffra, P. roupelliae and P. subvestita) also occur.
The two dominant veld types are Highland-Sourveld and the Themeda-Festuca veld. When hiking through the park, one inevitably passes through stands of trees of which the flaking bark and silky-haired leaves are characteristic. These trees are called Oldwood (Ouhout), Leucosidea sericea, because of the ‘old’ appearance of the twisted trunks of the full-grown trees and because the wood burns like old, rotten wood. It is without doubt the most common tree in Golden Gate and belongs to the rose family (Rosaceae). An interesting fact is that no fewer than 117 species of beetles belonging to 35 different families associate with the oldwood in the park.
Golden Gate Highlands National Park is currently the only grassland National Park in South Africa. The park contains over 60 species of grasses and you can find information and pictures on the dominant grass species in the park here.
10°C / 26°C | <urn:uuid:2c4d4fe5-632a-49d0-92a6-7b2e5b4eb552> | {
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The literary fraternity is only just starting to adjust to the idea of life without “Gabo” – the inimitable Colombian-born author who was beloved by the world – Gabriel García Márquez, who passed away last Thursday in Mexico City.
Awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1982, García Márquez left a profound impression on readers and aspiring writers alike, with novels like One Hundred Years of Solitude and Love in the Time of Cholera. Ever since his death was announced, many Caribbean netizens have been expressing their grief on Facebook, while others – mostly with ties to Cuba – have taken to the blogosphere to discuss García Márquez's passing.
The death of García Marquez, the father of the literary genre known as ‘magical realism’ leaves a huge void. ‘Gabo’ was one of last great survivors of the 1960s and 70s “boom” of Latin American literature.
García Marquez was born on March 6, 1927 in Aracataca, a city in the northern Colombian department of Magdalena. His childhood experiences in this banana plantation town were inspiration for his work. [He] is survived by his wife of a lifetime, Mercedes Barcha…and his sons.
Gabo, as he was also called, was a journalist, screenwriter, short story writer and novelist, socialist sympathizer and close friend of Cuban revolutionary leader Fidel Castro.
His relationship with the Cuban leader earned him criticism in the literary and political world.
The Colombian novelist…lambasted Latin American dictators constantly, especially those who ruled through military juntas, yet he praised the one tyrant who raised oppression and the art of military dictatorship to new heights.
Capitol Hill Cubans was more measured, praising the writer's talent and accomplishments but echoing the same argument when it came to his politics:
Nobel laureate Gabriel Garcia Marquez, 87, died last night at his home in Mexico City.
Known as ‘Gabo', he was one of the most popular and talented Latin American novelists of our time. His writings include…Chronicle of a Death Foretold and Autumn of the Patriarch, both with strong political undertones and stinging critiques of Latin American dictators.
Unfortunately, Gabo's criticism spared dictators of the left.
His intimate friendship with Latin America's longest-serving, deadliest and only totalitarian dictator, Cuba's Fidel Castro, was legendary.
Throughout his life, Gabo's condemnation of dictators always stopped short of Havana, where he was provided a home with all of the privileges and luxuries denied to ordinary Cubans.
His double-standard became emblematic. It is practiced today by some of Latin America's leaders, including Brazilian President Dilma Rousseff, Chilean President Michelle Bachelet and Uruguayan President Jose Mujica — all of whom were once themselves victims of military dictatorships and scorned those who coddled their repressors.
Yet inconceivably, these Latin American leaders now coddle the sole remaining military dictatorship of the Americas.
May your literary legacy live forever.
But close an unfortunate chapter in Latin America's ideological double-standard.
Blogging from Trinidad and Tobago, Kris Rampersad talked about García Márquez's literary legacy:
Gabriel Garcia Marquez influenced us in more ways than we cared to know. His literary genre of magic realism became a medium for writers and artists of the post colonial world trying to grapple with and articulate the experiences of becoming independent in the post colonial world … trying to seize the magic of the moment full with hope and longing in being architects of our own destiny yet fighting off the realism of potential failure from inherited weaknesses of colonial mentality and frailty of humans especially in the face of new found power; the failure of the dream of independence that ranged from corruption of the American dream as well as the still birth of our dreaming into being our ideal post colonial societies.
She even turned the discussion about the author's politics on its head, saying:
If only the political world read more they probably have worked harder to shape a better world driven by the conscience of the likes of Marquez. RIP.
The thumbnail is by Ross Angus, used under an Attribution 2.0 Generic Creative Commons license. Visit Ross Angus’ flickr photostream. | <urn:uuid:4339f26f-8899-4159-bf76-26e0bc8f5faf> | {
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Prompt detection and timely treatment of hypothyroidism in infancy are vital since hypothyroidism in this age group is one of the preventable causes of mental retardation. Intelligence quotient (IQ) decreases the later the condition is detected and treated. Early detection and timely treatment to prevent this devastating outcome have resulted in one of the great success stories of newborn screening program implementation. Conditions that can cause hypothyroidism in infants are listed in Table 520-1.
TABLE 520-1CAUSES OF HYPOTHYROIDISM IN INFANTS |Favorite Table|Download (.pdf) TABLE 520-1CAUSES OF HYPOTHYROIDISM IN INFANTS
|Thyroid dysgenesis |
| Thyroid aplasia |
| Thyroid hypoplasia |
| Thyroid ectopy |
|Thyroid dyshormonogenesis |
|Resistance to thyroid-stimulating hormone |
|Defect in thyroid hormone transport |
|Resistance to thyroid hormone action |
|Central hypothyroidism |
|Transient hypothyroidism |
|Thyroxine-binding globulin deficiency |
|Hypothyroxinemia of prematurity |
|Nonthyroidal illness |
NEWBORN SCREENING PROGRAMS
Congenital hypothyroidism occurs in 1:2000 to 1:4000 newborns. There are no specific clinical manifestations of hypothyroidism, which makes detection of hypothyroidism based on symptoms almost impossible. This need for early detection led to the development of newborn screening programs in the mid-1970s. Heel stick blood specimens are obtained routinely by all 50 states at 2 to 5 days after birth, and in some states, they are repeated at 2 to 6 weeks after birth. Newborn screening is also performed in Canada, Europe, Australia, New Zealand, Israel, and Japan. However, there are many areas in the world where newborn screening is nonexistent or underdeveloped.
Blood is collected onto filter paper and sent to a centralized laboratory for testing. The initial test performed varies among states:
Initial thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) assay
Initial thyroxine (T4) assay, with follow-up TSH if the T4 is < 10%
Simultaneous TSH and T4, which is the most optimal method
It is advisable that each practicing general pediatrician and pediatric subspecialist should know their own state’s method in order to be able take into account possible limitations. Regardless of method, the vast majority of infants with primary hypothyroidism are detected. However, each method has its disadvantages. Initial TSH assay tends to miss central hypothyroidism or infants with delayed primary hypothyroidism in whom TSH rises later. Initial TSH testing tends to detect subclinical hypothyroidism. The initial T4 method can detect central hypothyroidism but tends to have false-positive results for thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG) deficiency.
The incidence of congenital hypothyroidism varies worldwide, and it varies by ethnicity and geographic location. The incidence has been increasing in the United States, with the latest report as 1:2372 in 2002. Additionally Hispanic and Asian infants tend to be more affected than Caucasian and African American infants. The incidence is also higher when comparing twin or multiple births to singletons and also increases with maternal age. The female-to-male ratio is 2:1, especially ... | <urn:uuid:6da4396f-62d7-47b2-b65a-dabd89ac3a7d> | {
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China has set an example internationally for reducing poverty, raising hundreds of millions of people out of poverty in 20 years, said Yukon Huang, chief of the World Bank (WB)'s resident mission in China.
The number of persons living in poverty in China was reduced from 250 million at the start of its reform process in 1978, to 80 million by the end of 1993 and to 29.27 million in 2001.
"The policy of fighting poverty through development proved very successful," said Huang, who has been director of the bank's China program since 1997.
The Chinese government has carried out a full-scale fight against poverty in an organized and planned manner over the past two decades, having amassed human, material and financial strength and mobilized all sectors of society for this purpose.
While increasing investment to improve production and living conditions in poverty-stricken areas, China has also paid more attention to ecological and environmental protection and to sustainable development.
At the same time, the Chinese government has actively studied the international anti-poverty experience and explored cooperation with international organizations in aiding the poor since the 1990s.
The World Bank, China's first and largest international partner in fighting poverty, has provided nearly US$35 billion to support more than 220 projects in the country over the last 20 years.
The China-WB joint projects in southwest China have cost a total of US$610 million and have benefited more than 8 million people from nine provinces and autonomous regions.
"China's experience is quite useful in teaching the bank about approaches to reduce poverty, which we can transfer to other countries," Huang said.
As for China, it still has a lot of hard work to do to enable people in poor areas to live a comfortable and well-off life, he said.
Weak infrastructure, a fast-growing population, poor natural conditions and a low standard of poverty relief are all factors which are expected to impede future progress in raising living standards in the world's most populous countries.
"The WB will work even more closely in support of the Chinese government's efforts to alleviate poverty," said Huang.
The World Bank will lend between US$1 and 1.5 billion annually to China, the largest recipient of World Bank loans, over the next several years, according to the chief.
A large percentage of the funds will go to China's interior provinces, to urban and rural poverty-stricken areas, and to environmental projects and social sectors, he added.
(Xinhua News Agency February 25, 2003) | <urn:uuid:f47c9aac-cae4-41bb-bdf7-55cd8b2417b6> | {
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Up, up and away
The United States space agency, Nasa, has described the idea of building a space lift as 'audacious and outrageous'.
Such infrastructure reminds one of the fairytale Jack and the Beanstalk, in which some magic beans sprout a monster beanstalk that soars into the sky.
The concept of a structure reaching into space dates back to 1895. Russian rocket scientist Konstantin Tsiolkovsky was inspired by the Eiffel Tower in Paris to conceive of a free-standing structure that reaches from the surface of the Earth to a geostationary orbit, at an altitude of 35,790km above sea level. A 'celestial castle' would be at the top of the proposed tower. From that platform, objects could be launched into orbit without using a rocket.
The idea evolved under the guidance of many scientists and engineers, until 1979, when the concept was spread to a wider audience by the simultaneous publication of novels by science-fiction authors Arthur C. Clarke and Charles Sheffield.
In Clarke's The Fountains of Paradise, engineers build a space lift on top of a mountain in the fictional country of Taprobane. The author, who died in March last year, predicted a space lift would be built 'about 10 years after everyone stops laughing' and would make space shuttles obsolete.
Sheffield's The Web Between the Worlds envisages a load-bearing cable, or 'beanstalk', stretching from Earth to a geostationary orbit.
In March 2005, Nasa and US-based non-profit organisation the Spaceward Foundation, which promotes space science and technology education, announced they would foster the development of space-lift-related technologies through competitions under the 'Elevator: 2010' banner. Two challenges under this initiative form what is now known as the annual Space Elevator Games. They are focused on two concepts that will enhance Nasa's space programme - power beaming, for wireless power transfer, and nano-materials, such as carbon nanotubes, for strong tether structures. The most difficult task for participants is developing a tether material.
Creating the technologies are vital if a version of the space lift proposed in 1960 by Russian engineer Yuri Artsutanov and enhanced in 2000 by US physicist Bradley Edwards is to be realised. Their system involves the construction of a stationary cable rotating in unison with the Earth, with one end anchored on the planet and the other in space. Electric cars would travel up and down the cable, carrying cargo and people. According to Ted Semon, a retired software engineer and author of The Space Elevator Blog (www.spaceelevatorblog.com), the twin influences of centrifugal force and gravity would keep a 100,000km cable taut.
Brian Turner, team captain of the KC Space Pirates, a Space Elevator Games competitor from Kansas City, in the United States, says the practical problems in developing the cable are enormous. 'Although there are many details that may not work out, the primary roadblock is that there are no materials strong and light enough to make the needed cable,' he says.
What's needed is an ultra-flexible material about 200 times tougher than steel, hence the need for carbon nanotubes, a new class of materials setting the scientific community abuzz.
The Spaceward Foundation estimates the start of construction of a space lift, with all the relevant technologies in place, could fall somewhere between 2020 and 2025.
Once completed, it would have a price tag of less than US$10 billion - a lot cheaper than programmes such as the space shuttle. | <urn:uuid:706f0ad6-a312-48c8-b958-0103828030e7> | {
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The Tk Text Widget
All script writers need to deal with textual data at one time or another. One of the most powerful tools for manipulating text in the free software world is the text widget found in the Tk graphical user interface (GUI) toolkit. This widget is available to script writers working with Tcl, Perl/Tk and Tkinter in Python, and it boasts features and functionality that can solve almost any text-related requirement a script writer is likely to encounter.
Key features include multi-line text display and editing, comprehensive text formatting, embedded images, embedded widgets and a unique, almost boundless mechanism for endowing dynamic behaviour on areas of text. This article discusses the features of the Tk text widget that make it a rich and dynamic text manipulation utility. Examples are presented in Tcl/Tk code, but users of other languages shouldn't have much trouble translating the concepts and examples to their favoured environments. Before we get started, however, we need to take a quick look at a couple of concepts employed by the widget.
Each character stored in a text widget can be addressed by an index. An index most often is defined by two numbers, the line number and the character position on that line. As an example, the index 10.45 refers to the character on line 10, position 45.
The text widget has built-in functionality for index arithmetic; it supports expressions that allow you to find a location, say, 10 lines and 15 characters from a given point. It also handles special indices containing a pixel location (specified as @x,y) or containing certain words. For example, 1.end means the character at the end of the first line, insert means the character at the input cursor and current means the character under the mouse pointer.
The feature that provides the Tk text widget with much of its power is known as tagging. Any area of the text, defined as starting at one index and ending at another, can be tagged with a logical tag name. Each tag can be assigned certain attributes and properties, and all the areas of text given that tag immediately take on the assigned properties. A good part of this article discusses the properties that can be controlled and the uses to which this tagging feature can be put.
The Tk text widget provides all the facilities required for rich text editing. This includes flexible font handling, adjustable line spacing and margins, word wrap, colour support, cut, copy and paste, an undo stack, plus the usual array of bold, underline, italic and other formatting options. Figure 1 is a screenshot of one of the demonstration scripts supplied with Tk. It shows some of the formatting options available. Figure 1 here
All formatting is implemented using the tags mechanism. The script writer defines a tag with the formatting required, then either inserts the required text with that tag or applies that tag to an area of text already in the widget. For example, for an individual text widget named .t, a title tag might be defined with a large, underlined font and centre justification:
.t tag configure title -font "helvetica 14" \ -justify "center" \ -underline on
To insert some title text into the widget, this code can be used:
.t insert 1.0 "The Legend of Black Cave\n" title
This inserts the text at line 1, position 0, with the tag title applied. Alternatively, the tag can be applied to text already in the widget by using code like:
.t tag add title 1.0 1.end
This adds the title tag to the text between the given indices, in this case between the start and end of line 1. In a more realistic situation those indices wouldn't be hard coded. They are more likely to be calculated from the location of the selection, for example, or the results of a search. Notice that the command used to assign a tag to an area of text is add. This is because an area of text can have several tags assigned to it. For example, our title text also might need to be highlighted as the result of a search or to indicate that its status has changed to urgent.
Figure 2 is a screenshot of a small script (Listing 1) that demonstrates formatting by way of tag manipulation. It also demonstrates the text widget's useful ability to save marks, or named locations, anywhere in the text. Figure 2 here
In addition to text formatting, the Tk text widget also supports embedding images and other GUI control widgets. When images are inserted into the text, they float, so editing of the text around them causes them to move in accordance with the formatting rules configured for that area of text. The same image can be inserted into the widget multiple times, and if an image is modified dynamically elsewhere in the script, its representation in the text widget is updated immediately.
Other Tk GUI widgets can be inserted into the text widget. Simple buttons and dropdown lists, as might be found amongst the text of a web page, are only the beginning. It is possible to embed anything--a drawing canvas, a table or even another text widget. If you have a complicated set of widgets that need to be presented inside some text, the text widget has a mechanism whereby it creates only those widgets when necessary--when the appropriate area is scrolled into view, for example.
- High-Availability Storage with HA-LVM
- DNSMasq, the Pint-Sized Super Dæmon!
- Localhost DNS Cache
- Days Between Dates: the Counting
- Real-Time Rogue Wireless Access Point Detection with the Raspberry Pi
- You're the Boss with UBOS
- The Usability of GNOME
- Linux for Astronomers
- Multitenant Sites
- PostgreSQL, the NoSQL Database | <urn:uuid:6d357f36-63a5-44ab-a1d8-142e14e42d2a> | {
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Cell theory is the theory that describes the properties of cells. Cells are the basic structure of a organism. There are three parts of the cell theory.
1.all known living things are made up of one or more cells.
2.All living cells arise from pre-existing cells by division.
3.The cell is the fundamental unit of structure and function in all living organisms. | <urn:uuid:b30c9da6-8aeb-4c02-8dad-d90c9bee12c5> | {
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Many guidelines and documents are defining the technical steps needed for the elaboration of maps and web tools. They are described elsewhere in the web page. Not all documents are described here for simplification measures but can be found in the repository deposit (https://egdi.geology.cz/).
The construction of the vulnerability maps needed a preliminary task consisting in the comparison of the internationally commonly applied index methodologies for assessing the vulnerability of the upper aquifer to pollution. The report (https://repository.europe-geology.eu/egdidocs/hover/hover%2Bd7_1_report_final.pdf) portrays existing methods assessing the groundwater vulnerability to pollution and proposes a methodology to enable vulnerability maps at the pan-European and regional transboundary scale.
Groundwater occurrence data on emerging organic compound in groundwater in the peer reviewed and grey (not published data) literature for Europe has been formally reviewed. A total of 39 published studies and questionnaires completed by 30 European institutes allowed the comprehensive compilation of data in Europe. The aims of this review was to; understand the current state of groundwater sampling of EOC’s in Europe and the developments in recent years, understand the different methods for sampling and analysing EOC’s in Europe, and highlight ongoing research and further areas for research necessary to develop a picture of EOC’s in Europe (https://repository.europe-geology.eu/egdidocs/hover/hover%2Bd8-1a_final.pdf and https://repository.europe-geology.eu/egdidocs/hover/hover%2Bd81bunpublished.pdf).
A guideline for the application of groundwater age distributions for design and assessment of monitoring programs and trend assessment in line with thewater framework directive was developed. This work shows that up to now, the use of the dating tools is mainly carried by researchers, for areas of limited extension. A trial to set up a flow chart explaining in which context the use of dating tools could be of interest is made (https://repository.europe-geology.eu/egdidocs/hover/hover_d63_v1.pdf).
In addition, a detailed study on the Investigation of age distributions in water supply wells and recommendations for application of tracers and models mainly for estimating groundwater ages between 100 and 1000 years aimed at proposing the use of multiple tracers including 39Ar for assessing age distribution of well fields and pumping wells. (https://repository.europe-geology.eu/egdidocs/hover/hover_d64+age+distributions+final.pdf).
This work was complemented by a proposal for building a Database of groundwater age indicators and age distributions for vulnerability classification and sustainability assessments.
In order to give a homogeneous approach for the estimation of the natural background Level (NBL), it was first proposed a pan-European approach for elaborating a litho-geological classification system based on the capacities of rocks to release elements to groundwater. The proposed method combining the BRIDGE-HOVER Lithology water families was validated using additional dataset and used for the second step of the study (https://repository.europe-geology.eu/egdidocs/hover/hover+d3_2_report_2019_06_28.pdf). For each selected elements (SO4, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Zn and F) from 7 countries, average values were calculated for each selected water point and linked to a BRIDGE-HOVER lithology and geographical area. By statistical data treatment based on pressures and lithologies, it was possible to define sets of homogeneous lithologies. For each of these sets, the 90th percentiles were calculated to estimate the maximum possible natural concentrations (NBL). This work constitutes an important contribution to the definition of NBLs (https://repository.europe-geology.eu/egdidocs/hover/hover_33_statistical_data_treatment_backgroundlev.pdf). | <urn:uuid:d1d814a1-4c78-4737-ab6f-3ceb31f2c58e> | {
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Technology enables humans to kill prey faster than they can replenish their population, putting many species at risk of extinction.
About 178 species including the woolly mammoth and the saber-toothed cat disappeared tens of thousand of years ago. What brought about their demise?
The same brain hormone affects feelings and behaviors in both chimps and humans, causing humans and chimps to share a variety of traits.
It's not a flattering likeness, but rats and humans actually have a lot in common, including physiology.
You probably already know that humans are warm-blooded, while creatures like snakes are cold-blooded. Scientists prefer the terms endothermic and ectothermic.
Why are diseases like cancer so common in humans but so rare in chimps?
Humans yawn when sleepy to stay alert. But imagine yawning when you're already stimulated.
Want to improve your groove when it comes to the Funky Chicken or the Electric Slide? Maybe you could take a lesson from the birds.
Learn about the many animals that have mastered food caching!
One theory as to why humans began walking upright notes that when our species was just getting its start, the ability to reach up for fruit was beneficial. | <urn:uuid:d5045497-b07b-458a-b29a-29ea07ba68ff> | {
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This post lists the best methods to start UPSC examination prep from your home.
#1 What's Your Age and Qualification?
This is extremely important to know because IAS prep should be started at the ideal time, neither too early nor too late. According to UPSC statistics shown in its annual reports, most candidates that clear that the civil services exam fall in the age bracket of 23-28 years. Of course you can start preparing for IAS examination earlier and later than this age bracket too. But starting IAS preparatin if you are, say, 15 years old (in college ) may be too early. You can start preparing for IAS if you are in your final year of cooperation, typically, 20-22 years.
#2 Know the Fundamentals of the IAS Assessment
Before you start preparing for UPSC examination from or outside your home, you should know some important information related to the civil services exam including: what's your IAS examination , the eligibility for ias examination , and syllabus. As soon as you have great knowledge of the fundamentals of the IAS examination, you may realise that IAS prep demands an integrated strategy to Prelims and Mains examinations. Only the groundwork method changes. For prelims you'll need to cover huge quantity of information but you don't need to go too muc in thickness. However, for Mains, it is the other way around. The syllabus is well-defined so that you know what to pay but you have to pay every element of this well-defined syllabus because the Mains examination is illustrative or composed.
If you intend to prepare for IAS from your home means that you are not looking to sign up for some training class, which will be just fine as IAS test can be cleared with no training. However, you'll need to get these recommended publications for IAS. Read the following books at least two: The very first time from cover to cover and also the next time read the most important chapters again and again to get the most from those IAS novels. Of course, when you can go through the novels once more before the Prelims or Mains it is an added boost because your memory will be new right before the examination.
You should also know that NCERTs to read for IAS examination .
#4 Read the Ideal Newspaper and Magazines
So how can you cover these issues once you start your IAS prep? You should read atleast one great paper daily and one great current affairs magazine. You can read that the Indian Express or The Hindu. Both are great sources of current affairs and important editorials that can help you on your Prelims in addition to GS Mains newspapers. Know how to read the paper for IAS. I also suggest you should read a dependable magazine such as Pratyogita Darpan (available in English and Hindi) if you begin your UPSC prep from home.
#5 Prepare a Program and Follow It
When you are starting your IAS prep from the home there's always the risk of falling in the comfort zone and getting complacent. That's why you need to prepare a 10-12 month prep plan regarding how you'll pay for the total General Studies syllabus so that it helps from the Prelims in addition to the Mains. The next step is to split your time between newspaper 1 and 2. Since Paper 2 of Prelims is only qualifying in extent you can devote a lot more time to Paper 1 (general studies) prep. If you are preparing full time that I shall suggest you dedicate 7 hours to Paper 1 daily and 2-3 hours to Paper 2. In Paper 1, you also should devote 30-60 minutes to reading papers and current affairs.
#6 Evaluation Your Running
Even when you're getting ready for the IAS examination from the comfort of your home, you should drill this fact on mind that your prep can never be complete unless and until you examine your preparation. That is even more important if you are starting your IAS prep from your home without any training. But why test in any way? Simply because unless you try mock evaluations on IAS routine you will not know if your groundwork is on the ideal path or not. You will not learn proper time management abilities and expertise to tackle negative indicating. Thus the need to try mock evaluations for IAS examination.
In case you have any question about how best to start IAS prep from home or outside it, then you can ask in the comments below. I'll be delighted to answer them. | <urn:uuid:570accaa-d420-4a96-a792-3b46bffe2c1b> | {
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The European Commission has published a roadmap exploring different energy pathways over the next 40 years. The calculations show that an energy system based largely on renewables and efficiency will cost taxpayers no more than a system locking Europe into fossil fuels and nuclear energy.
Renewables emerge as the dominant energy source, despite some skewed calculations to keep nuclear energy and fossil fuels in the energy mix.
There is therefore clear proof that nuclear or fossil fuel is not needed in the energy pathway for Europe, and it is not even more expensive to choose the clean energy path. With much of Europe's ageing energy system in need of an upgrade, the Commission has explored five pathways: one relying most on energy efficiency, one based on a mixture of technologies, one focused on renewables, one on nuclear energy and one on coal and gas with carbon capture and storage. Overall investment costs (including electricity price, fuel costs, investments in energy efficiency and other structural costs) are forecast to be almost identical for all scenarios, including for business as usual.
The roadmap puts the share of renewables in total energy use by 2050 at between 55% and 75% – up to 97% in the share of electricity consumption. In the high renewables scenario, nuclear power and coal are reduced to mere place-holders, accounting for less than 1.5% and 1% respectively in total final energy use. According to Greenpeace EU energy policy director Frauke Thies, the roadmap shows that getting clean energy from renewables will cost taxpayers no more than getting dirty and dangerous energy from coal or nuclear power. The Commission will be tempted to overplay the role of coal and nuclear energy to appease the likes of Poland and France, but the numbers in the roadmap are unequivocal. It proves that a modern energy system can't do without renewables and efficiency, but can easily consign coal and nuclear power to the past.
The road map is demonstrating the pathway to renewables is economically effective. What we lack here is political will rather than technical or financial measures.
What does EU energy road map tell us in China?
Cheap, dirty energy has sometimes been seen as the key force to power China. But that low price has failed to incorporate external environmental costs into its pricing system. The end user may appear to benefit from coal power but what has been paid when the output leads to air and water pollution, with serious effects on people's health? In the short term, China may profit from such an energy structure, but in the long run, a moments' relief merely means more suffering to come. China still follows the "develop and pollute first, clean up later" model.
A quick look the EU roadmap indicates renewable energies as the more economic option. As the world's biggest carbon emitter, China must begin to move away from coal. And developing renewable energy is the only solution.
For e-mail updates on climate change: subscribe here. | <urn:uuid:189ba072-4150-4957-a840-8ee4f0006250> | {
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Permanent URL to this publication: http://dx.doi.org/10.5167/uzh-40252
Stadelmann, S; Perren, S; Groeben, M; von Klitzing, K (2010). Parental separation and children’s behavioral/emotional problems: the impact of parental representations and family conflict. Family Process, 49(1):92-108.
View at publisher
In this longitudinal study, we examine whether the effect of parental separation on kindergarten children’s behavioral/emotional problems varies according to the level of family conflict, and children’s parental representations. One hundred and eighty seven children were assessed at ages 5 and 6. Family conflict was assessed using parents’ ratings. Children’s parental representations were assessed using a story-stem task. A multiinformant approach (parent, teacher, child) was employed to assess children’s be- havioral/emotional problems. Bivariate results showed that separation, family conflict, and negative parental representations were associated with children’s behavioral/emo- tional problems. However, in multivariate analyses, when controlling for gender and symptoms at age 5, we found that children of separated parents who showed negative parental representations had a significantly greater increase in conduct problems between 5 and 6 than all other children. In terms of emotional symptoms and hyperactivity, symptoms at 5 and (for hyperactivity only) gender were the only predictors for symptoms 1 year later. Our results suggest that kindergarten children’s representations of parent- child relationships moderate the impact of parental separation on the development of conduct problems, and underline play and narration as a possible route to access the thoughts and feelings of young children faced with parental separation.
80 downloads since deposited on 28 Jan 2011
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|Item Type:||Journal Article, refereed, original work|
|Communities & Collections:||06 Faculty of Arts > Jacobs Center for Productive Youth Development|
|Deposited On:||28 Jan 2011 10:57|
|Last Modified:||23 Nov 2012 14:31|
Users (please log in): suggest update or correction for this item
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Beit Guvrin National Park
|Beit Guvrin-Maresha National Park|
Bell cave at Beit Guvrin National Park
|Location||Southern District, Israel|
|Nearest city||Kiryat Gat|
|Official name||Caves of Maresha and Bet-Guvrin in the Judean Lowlands as a Microcosm of the Land of the Caves|
|Designated||2014 (38th session)|
Beit Guvrin-Maresha National Park is a national park in central Israel, 13 kilometers from Kiryat Gat, encompassing the ruins of Maresha, one of the important towns of Judah during the time of the First Temple, and Beit Guvrin, an important town in the Roman era, when it was known as Eleutheropolis.
Archaeological artifacts unearthed at the site include a large Jewish cemetery, a Roman-Byzantine amphitheater, a Byzantine church, public baths, mosaics and burial caves.
The earliest written record of Maresha was as a city in ancient Judah (Joshua 15:44). The Hebrew Bible mentions among other episodes that Rehoboam fortified it against Egyptian attack. After the destruction of the Kingdom of Judah the city of Maresha became part of the Edomite kingdom. In the late Persian period a Sidonian community settled in Maresha, and the city is mentioned in the Zenon Papyri (259 BC). During the Maccabean Revolt, Maresha was a base for attacks against Judea and suffered retaliation from the Maccabees. After Hasmonean king John Hyrcanus I captured and destroyed Maresha in 112 BCE, the region of Idumea remained under Hasmonean control. In 40 BC the Parthians devastated completely the "strong cite", after which it was never rebuilt.
Beth Gabra or Beit Guvrin succeeded Maresha as the main town of the area. Conquered by the Roman general Vespasian during the Jewish War (68 CE) and completely destroyed during the Bar Kochba revolt (132–135 CE), it was re-established as a Roman colony and in the year 200 it received the title of a city and the ius italicum, under the new name of "Eleutheropolis", 'city of freemen'. Sources from the Byzantine period mention both Christian and Jewish personalities living in the city.
History of archaeological excavations
Maresha was first excavated in 1898–1900 by Bliss and Macalister, who uncovered a planned and fortified Hellenistic city encircled by a town wall with towers. Two Hellenistic and one Israelite stratum were identified by them on the mound. Many of the ancient city's olive presses, columbaria and water cisterns can still be seen.
Both Maresha and Beit Guvrin/Eleutheropolis were excavated after 1989 and 1992 respectively by the Israeli archaeologist Amos Kloner. Important finds at the latter site were the amphitheater built by the Roman army units stationed there, a large Roman bath house, and from the Crusader period a fortress integrating the walls of the Roman amphitheater and bath house, as well as an attached church.
The Sidonian burial caves were the family tomb of Apollophanes, the leader of the Sidonian community in Beit Guvrin. The Sidonian caves are the only ones that are painted inside. The caves were burial caves for the Greek, Sidonian and Edumite inhabitants of Beit Guvrin. The first and largest cave has paintings of animals, real and mythic, above the niches where the corpses were laid. A cock crows to scare away demons; the three-headed dog Cerberus guards the entrance to the underworld; a bright red phoenix symbolizes the life after death. The Tomb of the Musicians is decorated with a painting showing a man playing the flute and a woman playing the harp.
There are about 800 bell-shaped caves located in the area. Many of the caves are linked via an underground network of passageways that connect groups of 40–50 caves.
The largest bell caves are in the east part of the park. They were dug during the Early Arab Period for chalk to cover roads.[dubious ] The walls are beige-colored limestone.[dubious ] There are numerous bell caves within the park grounds and events are held in one of them. They are large (over 60 feet (18 m) high), airy and easily accessible.
The Church of Saint Anne
Saint Anne's church was first built in the Byzantine period and then rebuilt by the Crusaders in the 12th century. The ruin is known in Arabic as Khirbet (lit. "ruin") Sandahanna, the nearby tell (mound) of Maresha being called Tell Sandahanna. The freestanding remains of the apse are well preserved (see photo).
The remains of a Roman amphitheater were uncovered in the mid-1990s. The amphitheater was built in the 2nd century, on the northwestern outskirts of Beit Guvrin. This amphitheater, in which gladiatorial contests took place, could seat about 3,500 spectators. It had a walled arena of packed earth, with subterranean galleries. The arena was surrounded by a series of connected barrel vaults, which formed a long, circular corridor and supported the stone seats above it; staircases led from the outside and from the circular corridor to the tribunes. It was built for the Roman troops stationed in the region after the suppression of the Bar Kochba rebellion. The amphitheater is an elliptical structure built of large rectangular limestone ashlars. It was in use until destroyed in the Galilee earthquake of 363.[dubious ]
Byzantine mosaics depicting birds and animals were discovered on the hilltop in 1924.
- Bayt Jibrin for the history of the area
- Kibbutz Beit Guvrin
- National Parks of Israel
- The Guide to Israel, Zev Vilnay, Tel Aviv, 1972, p.281
- The Guide to Israel, Zev Vilnay, Tel Aviv, 1972, p.275
- Bell Cave at Beit Guvrin Archived January 29, 2009, at the Wayback Machine
- For a description of the paintings in the tomb of Apollophanes, see John P. Peeters and Herman Theirsch, Painted Tombs in the Necropolis of Marissa (London: Palestine Exploration Fund, 1905).
- The Holy Land: An Archeological Guide from Earliest Times to 1700, Jerome Murphy-O'Connor, 1980, p.145
- The Guide to Israel, Zev Vilnay, Tel Aviv, 1972, p.276
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We get can get genital warts from sexual contact with someone who is infected. There is a 60% chance of contracting HPV from just one sexual encounter with an infected person. The period of incubation is 1–6 months. In women, genital warts manifest on the vulva, vaginal walls, cervix, and around the anus. Men get them on their penis, scrotum, and around the anus. Genital warts have also developed around the mouth or in the throat of someone who has performed oral sex on an infected person. Recent research shows that HPV is gone in 70% of infected individuals after one year and 91% after two years. This is thanks to a healthy immune system clearing the virus out.
Genital warts are the result of an infection of human papillomavirus. With the development of a vaccine for HPV, the occurrence of outbreaks should be decreasing over the next few years. There are many strains of HPV. Strain 6 and strain 11, two of the more common strains, account for 90% of genital wart outbreaks. Women infected with HPV are at a higher risk for cervical cancer. Strain 16 and strain 18 are responsible for 70% of the cervical cancer caused by HPV. With these facts in mind, the vaccine for HPV, Gardasil, immunizes against all four of these strains.
The CDC recommends all women between the ages of 11 and 26 should get vaccinated. The vaccination immunizes against the four most common strains of HPV. Side effects of Gardasil can include pain, swelling, bruising, itching, and redness at the injection site. You may also experience headache, fever, nausea, dizziness, vomiting, and fainting. If you have difficulty breathing, wheezing, hives, rash, swollen glands, joint pain, leg pain, chest pain, muscle weakness, seizure, or are unusually tired, you should notify your doctor.
Getting Rid of Genital Warts
Effective immunizations exist. They recently developed a vaccine for HPV. It immunizes against the four most common strains of HPV. The vaccine comes in three shots administered over a six-month period. The Center for Disease Control (CDC) recommends that all girls between the ages of 11 and 26 be vaccinated. After immunization, you will still need to get an annual pap smear, as it does not protect against all strains of HPV. Cost for the vaccine is about $125 per dose for a total of $375.
Abstinence or really safe sex is always an option in the avoidance of HPV. Abstinence from all sexual contact will insure you an extremely low risk for infection. But that’s no fun. So instead, I encourage you to just be smarter about who you sleep with. If you’re in a monogamous relationship, you shouldn’t have anything to worry about. If you have multiple partners, you are at higher risk for infection. Women should get a yearly pap smear, and if you are over the age of 30, get tested for HPV. Using condoms won’t help much because it doesn’t cover all the genital skin.
Topical ointments are available from a doctor. Medications that can be applied to the affected area are available by prescription. These topical ointments include imiquimod (Aldara), podofilox (Condylox), trichloroacetic acid, or 5-fluorouracil cream. Don’t use over-the-counter wart removers. They are not intended for the use on the genitals. Don’t use these treatments if you are pregnant. They could cause birth defects.
Some really bad warts can be removed surgically. There are three surgical procedures to remove warts: laser surgery, cryosurgery, and electrocautery. Cryosurgery is just a fancy way of saying freeze it off with liquid nitrogen. Electrocautery is another way to say burn it off with a hot iron. I bet that smells terrible. Sometimes surgery is recommended for very large warts or warts that don’t respond to other forms of treatment. Not everyone with genital warts is a candidate for surgery.
A direct injection of the anti-viral drug Interferon alfa has been used to treat genital warts. The general consensus on Interferon alfa therapy is that it is effective only half the time in removing the warts. It does not cure the person of HPV. Some patients required a second dose of Interferon. With all that in mind, it is also a very expensive drug. You would be better off sticking with topical ointments.
Natural Treatments for Genital Warts
These are treatments for removing the warts only. If you suspect that you have genital warts, you should see a doctor. You want to make sure that you know what you have caught so you can tell your sexual partners because that’s the right thing to do.
Zinc in the form of zinc sulfate has shown to completely remove warts in 87% of individuals over a two-month period. The maximum dosage per day is 135 mg. Large amounts of zinc should be used under the supervision of a doctor. Some side effects include nausea, vomiting, and mild abdominal pain.
Garlic juice from a fresh clove rubbed on the warts each night before bed has removed warts in an average of nine weeks. The wart was covered with a waterproof bandage at night. Genital warts are highly contagious and can be spread easily, so use gloves when treating the warts. Luckily this method will prevent vampire bites.
HPV and Your Immune System
Genital warts are just a symptom of a larger problem: the human papillomavirus. And so far as I know, there is no effective treatment for completely getting rid of the virus. But somehow 91% of infected individuals are free from HPV after two years. How is this possible? The answer is simple: your immune system got rid of it for you. Yes, once again our own bodies have protected us from a potential life-long illness. It may not have been able to do it right away, but it got rid of it eventually. In fact, one of the reasons there isn’t a bigger push for a vaccine for men is because most men never show any symptoms of having the infection. And it’s because their immune systems are able to suppress the virus. I hope that knowing your immune system is fighting for you will inspire you to begin treating your body better by eating balanced meals, taking vitamins, exercising, and getting good sleep. Also, be more thoughtful about picking your sexual partners. It is never a bad idea to have a discussion about venereal diseases with your potential sexual partners except that it’s a total boner-killer. | <urn:uuid:c3c610cc-9795-42d8-898a-d6550a2d8cdb> | {
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Mockito is an open source testing framework for Java released under the MIT License.The framework allows the creation of test double objects (mock objects) in automated unit tests for the purpose of Test-driven Development (TDD) or Behavior Driven Development (BDD).
As the official documentation states: “Mockito is a mocking framework that tastes really good. It lets you write beautiful tests with clean & simple API. Mockito doesn’t give you hangover because the tests are very readable and they produce clean verification errors.”
In this course, you will dive into the magic of Mockito. You will learn about Mocks, Spies and Partial Mocks, and their corresponding Stubbing behavior. You will also see the process of Verification with Test Doubles and Object Matchers.
Finally, Test Driven Development (TDD) with Mockito is discussed in order to see how this library fits in the concept of TDD.
About the Author
Hugh is a Senior Software Engineer and Certified Scrum Master based in Galway, Ireland. He achieved his B.Sc. in Applied Computing from Waterford Institute of Technology in 2002 and has been working in industry since then. He has worked for a several large blue chip software companies listed on both the NASDAQ and NYSE. His main areas of interest include Core Java, JEE, Spring, Design Patterns, TDD, Maven and Agile Software Development.
In this lesson, you will get started with Mockito. You will learn why and when Mocks should be used, and how to perform the two phases of Mockito, Stubbing and Verification. Then, you will see how to integrate Mockito to your projects and some of its best practices.
Now we are now ready to get into more details regarding Mocks, Stubs and Spies. We will take an in-depth look at stubbing classes and interfaces using Mockito, and we will also talk about Stubbing void methods and Stubbing return values. Finally, we will discuss Argument Matchers and Spies and Partial Stubbing.
Verification is the process of confirming the behaviour of a Mock. It is useful in determining that the class we are testing has interacted in an expected way with any of its dependencies. We will look in detail at the verification phase of Mockito and examine the ways which we can verify behaviour out of the box, create our own Verification Modes and use Argument Captors for doing further more complex assertions on our Data.
Hamcrest is a framework for creating matcher objects. These matcher objects are predicates and are used to write rules which can be satisfied under certain conditions. In this tutorial we will look at the Hamcrest Matcher library and how to integrate it with JUnit and Mockito.
From time to time we will run up against the limits of the Hamcrest library of Matchers. In this tutorial we will create matchers for various circumstances, using the tools which Hamcrest provides. We will use the Hamcrest API to create our own Custom Matchers, in order to extend the ‘out of the box’ functionality that Hamcrest provides.
Make sure to retweet this, let your social followers know!
— Java Code Geeks (@javacodegeeks) November 15, 2015 | <urn:uuid:ab5e0b23-9f7c-46bb-a17d-996fbeca7a2d> | {
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Dark skin, long pectoral fins, a round head resembling that of a beluga, and a short beak: the pilot whale does not really have the typical appearance of the more familiar dolphins. And yet, it is a dolphin! Together with the killer whale, it is even one of the largest members of the dolphin family. In the Northwest Atlantic, pilot whales gather offshore in winter and spring and move closer to the coasts in summer and fall. In the St. Lawrence, they are observed in particular near the Gaspé Peninsula.
Nearly fifteen pilot whales are seen off L’Anse-à-Valleau in the Gaspé Peninsula on May 13. Two members of the Mingan Islands Cetacean Study (MICS) team and their captain and collaborator, René Roy, are delighted to witness this unexpected encounter. The MICS team posted a video on its Facebook page and René Roy details the 111 nautical miles travelled in his Field Notes. However, the trip doesn’t end there! All in all, they sail 300 nautical miles over the weekend. Observations continue one after the next: two blue whales, about fifteen fin whales, three humpbacks, several minke whales, porpoises, gray seals and harp seals!
While pilot whales are unusual-looking dolphins, porpoises, which resemble dolphins (Delphinidae) in appearance and behaviour, belong to a distinct family: Phocoenidae. Beyond phylogenetic considerations, there are physical peculiarities that distinguish them: porpoises have a rounded muzzle and a triangular dorsal fin, while dolphins have an elongated rostrum – though not all of them if one thinks of pilot whales! – a sickle-shaped dorsal fin and are larger in size. Their teeth are also different: those of dolphins are sharp while in porpoises they are spatula-shaped.
At Cap-Chat, a kayaker observes at least twenty harbour porpoises on May 13. He is hardly alone on the water that day! In fact, two inquisitive gray seals are close to his boat, dozens of pairs of loons are present and gannets are circling above the water surface… and his kayak!
At the mouth of the Saguenay, a few groups of belugas are observed and harbour seals are basking on the rocks at the foot of the mountains. Twenty-one species of warblers are tallied on May 18 from Les Bergeronnes and Tadoussac. The lack of wind and the heavy rain in recent days had prevented them from continuing their northward migration. On May 18 and 19, weather conditions improved and they resumed their journey in large numbers. | <urn:uuid:cdefabf0-1966-4ee1-aac4-5f3e15c98cb7> | {
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Einstein Never Used Flash Cards
- How Our Children Really Learn--and Why They Need to Play More and Memorize Less
- Narrated by: Eliza Foss
- Length: 12 hrs and 30 mins
- Unabridged Audiobook
- Release date: 01-23-13
- Language: English
- Publisher: Audible Studios
Regular price: $24.95
Buy Now with 1 Credit
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Reassuring to parents and educators, Einstein Never Used Flash Cards shows why - and how - to step away from the cult of achievement and toward a more nurturing home life full of imaginative play and love of learning.
Here's the message that stressed-out parents are craving to hear: It's okay to play!
In fact, it's more than just okay - it's better than drilling academics. After decades of research, scientists and child development experts have come to a clear conclusion: Play is the best way for our children to learn. Children who are prematurely pushed into regimented academic instruction display less creativity and enthusiasm for learning than their peers. Children who memorize isolated facts early in life show no better long-term retention than their peers. Children who learn through play also develop social and emotional skills, which are critical for long-term success.
Somewhere along the line, we've gotten off track by stressing academic products and programs to our preschoolers. Thankfully, Dr. Kathy Hirsh-Pasek and Dr. Roberta Michnick Golinkoff have a simple remedy for our children that is based on overwhelming scientific evidence from their own studies and the collective research results of child development experts.
Einstein Never Used Flash Cards goes beyond debunking the myths spread by the accelerated-learning industry. Parents and educators will find a practical guide to introducing complex concepts through smart, simple, and loving play.
For every key area of a child's development (speech, reading, math, social skills, self-awareness, and intelligence), you'll understand how a child's mind actually learns. Then you'll discover exercises (40 in all) that will showcase emerging skills and leave your child smiling today - and prepared for tomorrow.
Customer ReviewsMost Helpful
By Gregory on 05-31-14
Important premise but way too long
I've listened to a lot of parenting books for young children. And while I completely agree with the premise of this book, I found that it was way too long and filled with self-promotion. And while they certainly made an effort to mention studies, I still felt that more of the book was pontification rather than a presentation of research.
The narration was great
3 of 3 people found this review helpful
By yvonnenron on 05-10-17
Where does Einstein Never Used Flash Cards rank among all the audiobooks you’ve listened to so far?
Best audio book I have purchased! I needed to read this for a college class and this was the best way for me to accomplish the task with my busy schedule. I LOVE THIS BOOK
What was one of the most memorable moments of Einstein Never Used Flash Cards?
Different perspectives and
Easy to understand and envision | <urn:uuid:cf64ad40-3434-40db-850e-b34483e9605c> | {
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One thing I needed to do this summer was to get a bit more organised as far as my record keeping in our language area is concerned. While I used to be able to know exactly which letters and sounds a child had mastered from the top of my head, this very inefficient and poorly thought method let me down many times as the number of my children started to rise last year. For this reason, I needed to find a better way to keep my observations in order. I needed something easily accessible and practical. And then, I found an very interesting post on To the Lesson. Sasha shared with us how she uses little booklets with the entire alphabet on the inside cover. Each time a child has been introduced to a sound /letter or has mastered it, she records it in the booklet. So I “stole” this fantastic idea and adapted it to the needs of our classroom. You see, in Montessori education, we tend to introduce letters by phonetic sounds rather than by their names. Each letter/sound is introduced in an order that permits the child to make out words. Different schools have different orders. The one I chose to follow is suggested in How to Raise an Amazing Child the Montessori Way by Tim Seldin.
This is a wonderful book written by one of America's most respected Montessori educators and authors. Here it goes:
- c m a t
- s r i p
- b f o g
- h j u l
- d w e n
- k q v x y z
So using Sasha’s idea, I spent a few hours making little booklets. In the inside cover, I have written the 6 sets of letters studied in our classroom. Each page of the booklet has picture (an apple for a, a tractor for t etc..) to represent the sound. Under each picture, the child can trace the letter. I have decided that once a child has completely mastered a sound/letter, I will let him/her trace the letter in question. When opening a booklet, I will be able to see straightaway how far he/she has gone in her learning of the sandpaper letters. By the way, I got the pictures from Homeschool Creations.
As I mentioned in my post on our new calendar (here), we have a Letter of the Week added to our routine at circle time. It goes without saying that each letter will also be introduced following the order mentioned above. I will not introduce any other set until I am satisfied that the children have mastered the set. The children moving faster will be able to do extra work using our letter boxes and the moveable alphabet.
And to keep the momentum going, I decided that I could create the same type of booklets for numerals. No sooner said than done:
What do you think? What do you do in your own classroom? Let me know. | <urn:uuid:375d19ed-da22-44da-93e9-4713e5387334> | {
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This is a great question. It actually comes at a great time! I had lunch with my niece and nephew last weekend. It is amazing to me how picky they are about what they eat! My brother tells me that getting them to try new things is a battle every time. Kids can be naturally skeptical about what they are eating. But, it is not impossible to get them to try new things. When working with a picky eater, there are several things that dietitians suggest. First, try to describe a healthy sweet food using sensory qualities vs. taste qualities. Encourage your kids to snack on apples and oranges and use words like “crunchy” and “juicy” to describe them. Experts suggest using statements to help determine if your child is hungry or full. “Is your stomach telling you that you are full?” or “Is your belly making that hungry growling noise?” Experts also suggest that using certain statements that make your child feel like he or she is making the choices. For example, it could be helpful to say “Do you like that?” or “Which one is your favorite?” Overall, I think that if parents present foods/eating in a healthy way, then your child will eventually begin to take in a variety of foods…even sweet ones!
I think that it is good that you are interested in your kids’ diet and trying to get them to eat more healthfully. It is true that kids are not always thrilled about eating fruits and vegetables. To get your kids excited about good nutrition I would first be a good role model. Show your children by example that fruits and vegetables are delicious and let them see how much you enjoy eating them. Now think about making food fun! Make snack time play time and have kids make pizza faces. Use whole wheat English muffins and top with pizza sauce then use green pepper for a smiling mouth and black olives for the eyes. Cut cherry tomatoes in half for the ears and throw in broccoli for hair. To get kids to eat more fruit think about making fruit kabobs or have kids cut fruits into fun shapes using a cookie cutter. With their help I suggest whipping up a healthy pan of granola for bars. Then use the cookie cutter to make fun shapes and this can be an excellent snack! Utilize foods that you already know kids like and add fruits and vegetables to them. For example, cut up a banana and add to a peanut butter sandwich or toss small cauliflower chunks into macaroni and cheese. If your kids like chip dip, cut up veggies instead and modify and make your own dip (low fat mayo and sour cream mixed with a little powdered ranch dressing). You can also “sneak” fruits and vegetables into dishes by adding mushrooms and peppers to spaghetti sauce. Puree strawberries, blueberries and raspberries and combine with yogurt (and maybe a little ice cream) for a healthy “milkshake”. Shred carrots and broccoli and combine with ground turkey when you are making a meatloaf and puree cauliflower and onions and add to a casserole dish.Login to Favorite | <urn:uuid:e93b372d-aeaf-44da-ad67-9c0f591917e0> | {
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by Alex Cullison
Werewolf Origin was inspired by the 1941 movie, “The Wolf Man.” The film starred Lon Chaney, Jr. who is bitten by a werewolf in his attempt to save a girl. The girl dies, but he did kill the monster, who was Bela, a gypsy fortuneteller. Unfortunately for Lon, he becomes a werewolf, and so begins the genre. But how did Bela become the first werewolf? Illustrated. | <urn:uuid:8941d6c8-b4f7-4522-be6a-ae656e876315> | {
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Securing our Energy Future
ENERGY! – It’s the most vital, indispensable resource for sustaining and advancing humankind. Much as Oxygen is essential for all life on earth, Electricity – the foremost and primary useful energy form – is the core enabler of all technology development since the industrial revolution, and key to the sustainability of modern civilization.
The future of all human evolution – and indeed the very survival of our modern existence – depends on secure, reliable, and continuous access to electrical power and its dependent vital infrastructures. It would seem that with the many technological advancements in energy production, growth in renewables, and the evolution of various “smart” things like the national grid, cities and communities, transportation, and others – we have arrived in the age of energy security and abundance. For the first time in nearly a century, our nation claims “energy independence” from foreign suppliers.
Far from having achieved such security, however, our energy supply, the national electrical grid, and our critical infrastructure are plagued with social, climate and political controversy, and challenged with a range of devastating threat scenarios. Cyber, Physical, Electro-Magnetic attacks, Solar and earth-based weather and other risk factors threaten its security, along with that of our modern human existence.
A rigorous and effective systems approach is essential to addressing and dealing with these modern challenges. Without a comprehensive understanding of a system’s intended purpose, its architecture, its operational environment, and its behavior in response to external entities and events, it may be impossible to detect all the points of vulnerability and undertake adequate risk mitigation. This weakness is well understood by our adversaries; who continue to seek ways of exploiting methods of attacking our sensitive and vital infrastructures.
EnergyTech is the leading annual Conference and Exposition Forum that advocates and pursues a System Methods and Models approach to addressing the broad and complex topics of energy and related technology, including the various forms of critical infrastructure that underpin our economic and social fabric. It is a forum which attracts renowned Systems Thinkers, Scientists, Engineers and Developers to bring forth their vision on relevant new concepts and technologies that – guided by an overarching “Systems” knowledge and methods – offers solutions for “Securing our Energy Future”.
The EnergyTech Conference has become widely known as “the FUSION of ENERGY and TECHNOLOGY” in its persistent advocacy and focus on systems engineering solutions. EnergyTech2019 continues to advance the cause, with a series of relevant sessions, panel discussions, and exhibits to provide a forum to educate and debate the solutions.
The event it’s in Cleveland, between October 21-25th, 2019. Check the agenda and buy your ticket here.
This article was written by John Juhasz, the CEO of Telepath Systems Inc. | <urn:uuid:c6cfa99d-1021-4147-a8cc-94e33225904e> | {
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Day care (outpatient rehabilitation) means that a person requiring long-term care goes to a health facility for the elderly, a hospital, a clinic, etc. on a day trip. Facilities for training to improve living functions and receiving living support such as eating and bathing is defined as.
Day care includes walking training, gymnastics, bathing / excretion assistance, housing renovation / welfare equipment advice, and health checks by nurses.
Day service (outpatient care) is a long-term care service similar to day care. Day service is a long-term care service that mainly supports daily life.
On the other hand, day care also provides assistance such as bathing and excretion like day service, but it is characterized by specializing in medical treatment and rehabilitation.
In day care, there are doctors and staff specializing in rehabilitation, who manage their health by conducting medical examinations in addition to rehabilitation.
Therefore, day care is suitable for those who want to improve their physical function because they are declining, and those who want to continue the rehabilitation that was done at the hospital where they were hospitalized due to illness or injury even after they are discharged.
The purposes of using day care are as follows
I want to continue the rehabilitation that I was doing while I was in the hospital even after I was discharged.
I want to rehabilitate with peace of mind in an environment with a doctor
I want to use a service that allows me to take a bath and rehabilitate
I can’t swallow things well, so I want to receive professional guidance
I would like to hear the opinions of experts regarding the use of assistive devices and home remodeling.
I want to have time for my family to take a break from nursing care during the day
Day care is suitable for this purpose. However, not all day care can serve these goals.
This is because the contents of rehabilitation, bathing facilities, rehabilitation equipment, etc. differ depending on the facility.
When deciding which day care to attend, it is recommended that you actually visit and check the characteristics of the day care and the rehabilitation that can be done with the Day care service.
Also, be sure to ask the user’s willingness to rehabilitate. It is also important to consult with the staff of the facility and make an outlook on what will happen if you continue rehabilitation in the future.
Long-term care preventive outpatient rehabilitation
Long-term care preventive outpatient rehabilitation is a service used by those who have been certified as requiring support even in day care service .
As the name suggests, long-term care preventive outpatient rehabilitation provides rehabilitation for the purpose of long-term care prevention.
Long-term care preventive outpatient rehabilitation can be combined with services such as “improvement of motor function”, “improvement of nutrition” and “improvement of oral function” according to the user’s condition, in addition to common services such as improvement of living function. ..
Day Service Staff
The day service has the following professional staff to provide the service.
Administrator – It is a staff who manages the business establishment. Depending on the day service, you may also have the following occupations.
Life counselor – Procedures for contracts for use in day service and contact work with care managers. My job is to consult with users and their families.
Functional training instructor – It is a staff member who conducts functional training. He has qualifications such as physiotherapist, occupational therapist, speech therapist, judo rehabilitator, and masseuse massager.
Nursing staff – In some cases, nurses are dispatched in cooperation with day services that have nurses and home-visit nursing stations. It mainly measures blood pressure and treats wounds.
Long-term care staff – It is a staff member who provides general care in the day service. It provides meals, bathing, toilet assistance and a variety of recreational activities.
Difference between Day Care and Day Service
The purpose of the day service is “to help users lead an independent daily life in their own home. Day service is centered on long-term care services in daily life.
On the other hand, the purpose of day care is “recovery and maintenance of physical function, training in daily life, improvement of cognitive function” . We are focusing on medical care such as rehabilitation.
You can receive functional training in day service, and you can receive long-term care in daily life even in day care. However, there is a difference between day care and day service, so be careful not to make a mistake. | <urn:uuid:6584792e-dfaf-45e3-8772-d2789f0c8e6a> | {
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1This research, which was supported by Istanbul University Scientific Research Project Department with the number of 44490, was presented in 17th (International Conference on Turkish Linguistics (03 May-05 May, 2015) in Rouen University (France) as a paper.
2Istanbul University, Turkey,
Purpose: Research shows that students in Turkey are taught to write with much smaller vocabularies than students in other countries. Along with the constructivist approach, the frequency of words used in texts should be high, and unknown words should be at certain levels in order to allow for production, cognizance and creation of information based on existing information. The aim of this research is to analyze the vocabulary in Turkish textbooks before and after the introduction of the constructivist approach on the basis of frequency and origin.
Method: The research was conducted using a general screening model composed of the words used in informative texts in Turkish textbooks before and after the introduction of the constructivist approach. With the aid of random sampling, informative texts with “Nature and Universe” themes that were used in 2001-2002 and 2013-2014 in secondary schools were chosen as samples. Frequency and percentage proportions were made in a descriptive way in order to compare the numbers of the same and different lemmas. T-test and Mann Whitney U test were used to determine meaningfulness.
Findings: While there is not a significant difference in frequency between TBCA and TACA in the Turkish, Arabic, Persian and western-based words. It has been determined that, among words that do not have synonyms, the same book after the introduction of the constructivist approach shows a preference for words used with less frequency.
Implications for Research and Practice: The word lists for each level should be made in the context of frequency of use in textbooks.
Keywords: Word frequency, word origin, lemmas, word frequency lists. | <urn:uuid:aace727b-f904-43dc-badd-22144482f3a6> | {
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Protagonist essay examples an analysis of the protagonist and antagonists in the a literary analysis of the protagonist in the novel frankenstein by mary.
Get free frankenstein essay example, frankenstein essay outline and writing tips for frankenstein essay frankenstein essay example 1 protagonist: victor.
Definition, usage and a list of protagonist examples in common speech and literature a protagonist is the central character or leading figure in poetry, narrative, novel or any other story.
In “mary barton”, the protagonist john barton asks with bitter let us write you a custom essay sample mary rowlandson.
The protagonist in death of a salesman english literature essay print reference this the main protagonist in the play death of a by mary catherine.
Who is this mary sue in her essay, ‘“too good to be and using the force without any training mark her out as a mary sue protagonist it’s an example. Groom service “and” return “the protagonist who deal with emotional let us write you a custom essay sample.
Free antagonist papers, essays in example, is after cathy has by mary shelley, the antagonist and protagonist changes throughout the course of the plot. Essay on sympathy in mary shelley's frankenstein - sympathy in mary shelley's frankenstein mary the protagonist mary shelley's frankenstein essay examples. Freudian psychoanalysis of victor's dream in insight to the actions and character of mary shelley's protagonist in frankenstein essay example. Essays related to literary protagonists and antagonists 1 this story is a great example of how a frankenstein in the literary work frankenstein by mary. Vile innocence innocence can be torn with simple sore actions throughout the novel frankenstein by mary shelley, the loss of innocence is existent in many characters, this very lucid theme. | <urn:uuid:e6f1623b-f703-4d0a-bce6-b880b2827e12> | {
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1905: Spanish engineer Leonardo Torres-Quevedo uses a radio remote controller to operate a boat more than a mile away in the Bilbao estuary. The crowd is amazed. Guglielmo Marconi’s famous wireless demonstration at London’s Toynbee Hall in 1896 used a fixed telegraph-key transmitter to ring a bell attached to a receiver that a colleague carried […]
All posts tagged ‘IEEE’
Like many other patented inventions of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the exact origins of the vacuum tube are a bit murky. But John Ambrose Fleming usually gets the credit, and the advance is a big one — setting the stage for the age of modern electronics.
1884: Barely five years after the first successful test of the incandescent light bulb, a group of individuals interested in the fast-emerging field of electricity meets in New York to start a new organization. They call it the American Institute of Electrical Engineers. Like the Homebrew Computer Club that would come nearly a century later, […] | <urn:uuid:bacefea6-7d58-422e-8dbe-435d66c9eb25> | {
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Communicable Disease staff are responsible for monitoring infectious diseases in Graham County, and working to prevent their spread. Staff members investigate communicable diseases that infect county residents and pose a potential threat to the public's health.
Reportable diseases, the diseases that are routinely monitored and followed up on by the Health Department, usually present a threat to the public's health, and must be quickly contained.
The Health Department routinely follows up on any reported cases of more than 60 communicable diseases, and works to ensure the patients and anyone who may have been exposed to the diseases receive proper treatment and to prevent the further spread of the disease in the community.
North Carolina General Statute: §130A-135
A physician licensed to practice medicine who has reason to suspect that a person about whom the physician has been consulted professionally has a communicable disease or communicable condition declared by the Commission to be reported, shall report information required by the Commission to the local health director of the county or district in which the physician is consulted. | <urn:uuid:21c7890c-3f1c-40aa-af8a-598ed280c31c> | {
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I’ve been having a frustrating Excel “moment.” All I want to do is enter (c) into a cell. But when I type the open parenthesis, the letter c and close parenthesis, I keep getting the copyright symbol—that circle with a tiny c inside. How can I stop that?
The problem lies with Excel’s AutoCorrect tool—an Office feature I suggest you become familiar with. Once you discover how it works, you’ll surely use it often, speeding your work and boosting your efficiency. Be aware that it does more than its name implies: It’s a tool that, with a couple of keystrokes, can generate customized technical names, frequently used phrases, titles, paragraphs and a multitude of special symbols. The tool is included in most Office applications (Excel, Word, Outlook, Access, OneNote, Project, Publisher and Visio). So anything you add, delete or change in AutoCorrect will also be active when you’re in any of those other applications.
Let’s get back to solving your problem. In Excel 2003, access AutoCorrect by clicking on Tools, AutoCorrect Options (see screenshot below). Under the Replace text as you type heading, cursor down to (c). When you click on it, it instantly moves under Replace, bringing © along with it.
You can simply delete the shortcut by clicking on Delete, but I would suggest you not eliminate it because you may want it in the future. Instead, consider giving it different shortcut keys. For example, you could keep the c but replace the parentheses with open and closed brackets and click on OK.
In Word 2007, access AutoCorrect by clicking on the Office button and then on Word Options (at the bottom of the screen that opens). If you’re in Excel, the message will be Excel Options. Then click on Proofing, AutoCorrect Options and follow the same steps as above (see screenshot below).
As you can see, the AutoCorrect tools are easily modified. Think of all the long, complex words or phrases or even sentences you frequently type; now, with a few shortcut keys, AutoCorrect can do the job for you. | <urn:uuid:c6c20110-4f7e-4b1e-9ddf-cb07891a2082> | {
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Synopsis: At the end of the last adventure, Dead Man�s Chest, Captain Jack Sparrow had been eaten by the Kraken. His crew and �friends� are not happy with that and want to return him from the dead. This is where the newest adventure begins.
The East India Trading Company is gaining power in the Caribbean and the pirates are not happy about it, especially since many of them are swinging from the gallows. The only way to fight them is for the pirates to unite as one. The Brethren Court is the only answer and Captain Barbossa knows it. He needs Captain Jack Sparrow for that.
Meanwhile, Will is still on his quest to save his father from Captain Davy Jones and Elizabeth feels guilty about letting Jack get eaten by the Kraken. What are they going to do? Everyone has an agenda. Who�s will win out? Follow the code! Aaarr!
This print and use workbook is a child-directed literature study that requires no teacher or parental prep time.
The format is an exciting new approach to studying literature. Each page engages the student in many interesting activities. Children will explore new vocabulary in its context and answer questions that involve them in the story. Learners reflect on their own experiences to better understand those of the characters. This process ensures full comprehension of the novel. Additional activities involve illustrating, sequencing, analyzing characters, and point of view.
The literature study concludes with an organized and detailed book summary. A simple rubric is included for grading the book summary.
Get involved with the story and become a better reader.
Total Pages: 29 | <urn:uuid:40dd4bbd-2fa9-47b6-873d-efedfd660767> | {
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SAGINAW TWP. — Elementary school students in Saginaw Township Community Schools are learning math the Singapore way.
The district this year implemented a program called “Math in Focus” for kindergarten through fifth grade students at its five elementary schools: Arrowwood, Hemmeter, Sherwood, Weiss and Westdale.
Superintendent Jerry Seese said the model is based off the Singapore style of teaching math, which was developed in the 1980s.
The teaching model uses concrete examples, such as dice, to explain processes such as addition and subtraction. Then students uses pictures and bar modeling before moving to abstract concepts.
“That’s how kids learn best anyway,” Seese said. “I wish I would’ve been taught this way.”
The content goes in greater depth at a higher level of thinking and focuses on mastering the subject instead of covering a larger spread. The books also make math easy for parents to follow along and help their children, Seese said.
Sandra Braun, principal Sherwood Elementary, said she likes the way math is taught.
“There are a lot of hands on learning in the beginning to understand concepts,” she said. “Teachers are finding that piece to be really useful.”
Math in Focus offers enrichment pieces for students who move more quickly through the material and support for students who need more time, Braun said.
“The program itself has a really good package of resources for teachers,” she said.
Math in Focus materials were $220,720 and six days of intensive training was $75,982. The district used federal grant money to pay for the training, Seese said.
While the program is only in elementary schools, Seese said, he hopes next fall to include the model in the sixth grade curriculum and eventually move it up through the 12th grade as publishing companies introduce Math in Focus at a higher level.
Seese said he hopes more students will be more confident with math and go on to study it on college. Both Seese and Braun said they believe students will see a long-term improvement with Math in Focus.
In Saginaw County, Seese said, Frankenmuth schools also use the program.
“Math is math, this is just a consistent way of presenting it to students,” Braun said. | <urn:uuid:4e89e368-2870-4040-9b10-1f5651bbe548> | {
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What is brain tumor?
Brain tumors are abnormal growths made up of cells whose growth and division are no longer under the control of the body. They can occur in the cerebrum (the largest portion of the brain responsible for planning movement, interpreting sensation, and controlling memory, learning, "thinking", and emotions), the cerebellum (controls balance and equilibrium), or the
brainstem (responsible for controlling heart rate, breathing, and consciousness).
A benign tumor does not contain cancer cells and usually, once removed, does not recur. Most benign brain tumors have clear borders, meaning they do not invade surrounding tissue. These tumors can, however, cause symptoms similar to cancerous tumors because of their size and location in the brain.
Malignant brain tumors contain cancer cells. Malignant brain tumors are usually fast growing and invade surrounding tissue. Malignant brain tumors very rarely spread to other areas of the body, but may recur after treatment. Sometimes, brain tumors that are not cancer are called malignant because of their size and location, and the damage they can do to vital functions of the brain.
Metastatic brain tumors are tumors that begin to grow in another part of the body, then spread to the brain through the bloodstream. Common types of cancer that can travel to the brain include lung cancer, breast cancer, melanoma (a type of skin cancer), and colon cancer. All of these cancers are considered malignant once they have spread to the brain.
Brain tumors may be primary or secondary. Primary brain tumors originate in the cells within or next to the brain. These tumors may be cancerous or noncancerous. Secondary brain tumors are metastases originating in another part of the body and thus are always cancerous.
Noncancerous tumors are named for the specific cells or tissues in which they originate. For example, hemangioblastomas originate in blood vessels ("hema" refers to blood vessels, and hemangioblasts are the cells that develop into blood vessel tissue). Some noncancerous tumors that originate in embryonic cells may be present at birth.
Most commonly, cancerous brain tumors are metastases from cancer that started in another part of the body. Metastases may grow in a single part of the brain or in several different parts. Many types of cancer - including breast cancer, lung cancer, cancer in the digestive tract, malignant melanoma, leukemia, and lymphoma - can spread to the brain. Lymphomas of the brain are common among people who have AIDS and, for unknown reasons, are becoming more common among people who have normal immune systems. The most common type of primary cancerous brain tumor is a glioma.
There are several types of primary brain cancers, each arising from a specific type of cell in the brain. Common primary brain cancers include astrocytomas (and their sub-types such as glioblastoma multiforme), oligodendogliomas, ependymomas, medulloblastomas, and CNS lymphomas. Brain cancers also vary in terms of their aggressiveness - i.e., how fast they grow and how readily they invade surrounding tissues. The most aggressive forms of brain cancer are called high grade, lesser degrees of aggressiveness are referred to as low grade. Tumor grade is determined by examining a sample of the tumor under the microscope. | <urn:uuid:996dbcf5-81fe-4d75-9315-590d916e12e6> | {
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Make composting for kids fun with these tips. Composting is a great tool to teach your children. It is a great topic for scientific investigation and discovery.
Composting For Kids
There are different forms of composting that you can do with your child. Worm bins are popular with younger children, while teens may prefer building the larger outdoor composting systems.
Compost Stew: An A to Z Recipe for the EarthComposting is great for the environment, and teaching kids when they’re young and impressionable will have long term benefits.
There are number of reasons why composting is becoming so popular. Composting helps many communities with its landfill issues. Though it cannot fully solve the landfill problems many communities have, it is certainly a starting point.
Composting also allows one to convert much of their waste into other needed products, such as those needed for gardening and landscaping. The product created as a result of composting is much more environmentally friendly and good for the soil.
Outdoor systems are actually quite easy to create. Leaves and other yard debris are usually quite plentiful and can be used to create a compost system. Most all organic matter can be composted, with the exception of diseased leaves and branches.
Composting For Kids Video With Peppa Pig
How To Build a Compost Bin
Compost piles or bins are simple to create, useful for your garden and good for the environment. A compost pile can be free standing, or can be protected by putting it in a metal garbage bin, or created from wood, wire, or other similar material.
There are also ready-made compost bins that you can purchase. The enclosure should be approximately one cubic yard, and be in an area where it can remain free from animal waste.
To ensure that your compost pile has everything that it needs be sure and include all of the following, including a mixture of:
- Dry materials (ex. dry leaves, straw, wood chips, newspaper)
- Fresh materials (ex. grass clipping, kitchen scraps)
Include in this three parts dry to one parts fresh. You will want to alternate the layers and water them keeping it as moist as a wrung out sponge.
Continue to feed your compost pile with dry and fresh matter. There are a few items you shoulsdn’t include in your compost pile. These include: bones, meat, animal feces and greasy foods.
How to involve kids in the composting process
Children love to take an active role in composting.
- You can have them sort food scraps after cooking and meals so they learn what is appropriate to add to the compost.
- Cleaning up the yard will bring on a whole new meaning for the kids when they know it has a purpose.
- Use the compost with your child to create a garden.
Composting and gardening teach children science, responsibility, good nutrition and many other valuable lessons.
New to gardening? Here’s how to make a Container Garden
Worm Composting For Kids
Kids LOVE worms! So feel free to show them how vermi-composting works. Here are just a few things you can talk to them about and let them experience:
- how much do worms eat
- find out how fast they grow
- how fast they multiply
- learn how they process the food scraps
Here are a few books that will help you make worm composting fun for your children.
Worms Eat My Garbage – How to Set Up and Maintain a Worm Composting System: Worms Eat My Garbage: How to Set Up and Maintain a Worm Composting SystemThe Worm Book: The Complete Guide to Gardening and Composting with Worms
Now you’re ready to have some fun composting with your kids 😉 | <urn:uuid:5bef91e1-7e09-4cae-90b5-aae7906dc0bf> | {
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This article covers getting to the summative assessment marksheet, how to add marks and some troubleshooting tips if you can't add marks.
Accessing the marksheet
We recommend using the Academic Unit Marksheets, as it's perfect for teachers who need to enter assessment marks for all their assessments (summative and ad hoc) from one marksheet, plus it can be used with Custom Marksheets.
For more information on the two different marksheets in Arbor, see this article: What are the different summative assessment marksheets?
To access the marksheet, go to My Items > My Calendar and select the class. Using the left-hand menu, you can then access the Full Marksheet or Mark Assessments (this is just the Latest Marks page but with a different name for teachers).
Adding in marks
From the marksheet, be sure to select which grades and targets to display using the filters, then add in the marks for the assessment period chosen.
The filters also let you select the date range, assessments and columns you wish to include. If you are wanting to enter marks for a different term you will need to select a date from within that term.
Some columns will show or not show by default depending on the Marksheet Settings your school has set up. You may also have additional columns due to your school choosing to use Custom Marksheets, but these are not editable from the filters.
Here are the filters for the Full Marksheet page:
Here are the filters for the Mark Assessments page:
Entering Marks Individually
Once you have accessed the correct marksheet, you can begin to enter marks into the grid.
- Click into a field to open the drop-down menu of values to select from, or start typing.
- Auto-complete suggests the shortest match (e.g. type “A” and “A” will be suggested first rather than “A+” or “A-”.
- Hit your Enter key to save the value and move onto the cell below. Then hit Enter again to start typing into the new field.
Copy and paste from any source, across multiple fields.
- To copy, select the fields and drag until they are all selected, then use Ctrl+C (Windows) or Cmd + C (Mac).
- To paste, select the fields and drag until they are all selected, then use Ctrl+V (Windows) or Cmd + V (Mac).
Bulk Entering Marks
You may have multiple students in your class all with the same mark. To save time you can bulk enter the marks.
Just tick the students you want to enter the same mark for by ticking the box on the left-hand side of their name. Click on the pencil icon to select one of the options.
Bulk Edit Marks - In the slide over, choose the grade/mark that applies to the selected students and then click on the green Save Changes button.
Bulk Copy Marks (only available from the Full Marksheet page) - Copy assessment marks between past, present and future assessment periods. Both the source and target assessment periods must be visible in order to select them, so remember to change the dates in the filters! You can see which marks will be copied over - any marks highlighted in red will be overridden, and grey will not be changed.
Multiple Column Edit Marks (only available from the Full Marksheet page) - update the marks for the same assessment period for multiple assessments at once.
The marksheet also contains a Comment column where you can add any additional comments to support the mark the student has been given. These comments can then be included in Report Cards when needed.
To add a comment click on the comment cell and a pop-up window will appear for you to type your comment into. You can also use a snippet.
How can I mark assessment strands?
When you have a summative assessment setup to include strands, you will only be able to enter assessment data into the strands and not the overall grade for the assessment. This is because this overall grade is derived from the data entered into each strand.
I can't add marks for a student?
If you can't add marks for students, please follow these tips: Why can the teacher not add assessment marks? | <urn:uuid:56704c70-da38-4606-938f-97cb7865d63a> | {
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A person's life stance, or lifestance, is their relation with what they accept as being of ultimate importance. It involves the presuppositions and theories upon which such a stance could be made, a belief system, and a commitment to potentially working it out in one's life.
It connotes an integrated perspective on reality as a whole and how to assign valuations, thus being a concept similar or equivalent to that of a worldview; with the latter word (derived from the German "Weltanschauung") being generally a more common and comprehensive term. Like the term "worldview", the term "life stance" is intended[by whom?] to be a shared label encompassing both religious perspectives (for instance: "a Buddhist life stance" or "a Christian life stance" or "a Pagan life stance"), as well as non-religious spiritual or philosophical alternatives (for instance: "a humanist life stance" or "a personist life stance" or "a Deep Ecology life stance"), without discrimination in favour of any.
Origins of the phrase
Humanists interested in educational matters apparently coined the neologism life stance in the mid-1970s; Harry Stopes-Roe of the Rationalist Press Association and British Humanist Association developed the concept originally in that context. The term originally arose in the context of debates over the controversial content of the City of Birmingham's Agreed Syllabus for Religious Education, 1975. That document referred to "non-religious stances for living". According to Barnes:
It was the first syllabus to abandon the aim of Christian nurture and to embrace a multi-faith, phenomenological model of religious education; and it was also the first syllabus to require a systematic study of non-religious 'stances for living', such as Humanism, and for such study to begin in the primary school.
In the late 1980s Harry Stopes-Roe initiated a successful campaign for the adoption of the term by the International Humanist and Ethical Union and by other organisations (see also his comments quoted below on its provenance). It was not an uncontroversial proposal among humanists.
The term was introduced as part of an attempt to establish a clear identity for Humanism, in order to gain recognition and respect.
According to Stopes-Roe:
"Life stance" is an expression that has been current in Britain for more than ten years and is now gaining acceptance worldwide, to describe what is good in both Humanism and religion - without being encumbered by what is bad in religion.
Harry Stopes-Roe, who fought for the term's acceptance by the Humanist movement, defined "life stance" as follows:
"Life stance" - The style and content of an individual's or a community's relationship with that which is of ultimate importance; the presuppositions and commitments of this, and the consequences for living which flow from it. (Each individual or community hopes that it has come to a good and well-founded relationship, but the word is usually used without implying that this really is so).
The British Humanist Association, drawing in part on jurisprudence related to the term "religion or belief" in the European Convention on Human Rights, has put forward a more analytical definition:
A collective belief that attains a sufficient level of cogency, seriousness, cohesion and importance and that relates the nature of life and the world to morality, values and/or the way its believers should live.
A life stance may be distinguished from general support of a cause by capitalization of the first letter. For instance, the life stance of Humanism is distinguished from humanism generally. Many life stances may contain humanism to a greater or lesser extent as instrumental value in order to fulfill their own chosen intrinsic value(s). However, Humanism regards it as having intrinsic value.
Not all life stances use this orthography.
A life stance differs from a worldview or a belief system in that the term life stance emphasizes a focus on what is of ultimate importance. Life stance differs from eupraxsophy in that the latter typically implies a strictly non-theistic outlook, whereas a life stance can be theistic or non-theistic, supernaturalistic or naturalistic.
Religious life stances
A religion is a set of beliefs and practices, often centered upon specific supernatural and/or moral claims about reality, the cosmos, and human nature, and often codified as prayer, ritual, and law. Religion also encompasses ancestral or cultural traditions, writings, history, and mythology, as well as personal faith and mystic experience. The term "religion" refers to both the personal practices related to communal faith and to group rituals and communication stemming from shared conviction.
In the frame of European religious thought, religions present a common quality, the "hallmark of patriarchal religious thought": the division of the world in two comprehensive domains, one sacred, the other profane. Religion is often described as a communal system for the coherence of belief focusing on a system of thought, unseen being, person, or object, that is considered to be supernatural, sacred, divine, or of the highest truth. Moral codes, practices, values, institutions, tradition, philosophy, rituals, and scriptures are often traditionally associated with the core belief. Religion is also often described as a "way of life".
Non-religious life stances
Alternatives to religion include life stances based on atheism, agnosticism, deism, skepticism, freethought, pantheism, secular humanism, spiritual but not religious (SBNR), Objectivism, existentialism, modern incarnations of Hellenistic philosophies, or general secularism.
Humanism is an example of life stance which may be considered to be religious (usually in a non-theistic, ethical sense) or non-religious or anti-religious. One of Stopes-Roe's reasons for advocating the adoption of "life stance" as a label for the Humanist movement, was his hope that it would end the arguments between the different sides as to how best to characterise their position (note that Stopes-Roe uses the term "god-religious" to distinguish theists from non-theists in what follows):
Humanists are divided into two camps... according to how they respond to the word "religion". Do they... respond negatively or positively? The ferocity of the antipathy on the one hand, and the power of the concern on the other, that is generated by this word quite obliterates reasoned discussion of many substantial and important questions on how we should develop Humanism. Likewise, our discussions with the god-religious are confused and frustrated. We need a new term for the idea and ideal of religion, opened out so that it is not discriminatory. Let this be "life stance". Could we, perhaps, bury the hatchet of "religion" and work together?
Bill Cooke comments:
Harry Stopes-Roe's contribution is significant because it makes clear humanism's value as a legitimate system of belief, without it being a pseudo-religion.
Values and purposes
- For example, as treated in The Intentional Stance by Daniel Dennett ISBN 0-262-54053-3
- Stopes-Roe (1988a, p.21)
- On "life stance education" see Stopes-Roe (1976), and Stopes-Roe (1983). Compare with the advocacy of "Education in Life Stances" in Cox (1975), on which also see Greer (1985, pp. 16–17)). The British Humanist Association pamphlet, Objective, Fair and Balanced (1975), includes the text of a letter by Stopes-Roe, printed in the Times Educational Supplement of 12 July 1974, which refers to "stances for living". It also cites the City of Birmingham's Agreed Syllabus of Religious Education, dated 7 May 1974: "it introduces the new term "stance for living". (British Humanist Association, 1975, p. 15). For the related "life stance education" offered to non-religious pupils in Finland, see Slotte (2008).
- Barnes (2008, p. 75), notes that the controversy reached Parliament. Hull (1984, p. 111) notes that "an attempt was made in the spring of 1976 to introduce a Private Members Bill into the House of Commons which would have replaced religious education by 'Education in Stances for Living'". The Bill was published in "Objective, Fair and Balanced — a new law for religion in education", written by Harry Stopes-Roe and David Pollock for the British Humanist Association (1975)
- Barnes (2008, p. 75)
- Stopes-Roe's advocacy of the term outside the literature of religious education was first published as Stopes-Roe (1987), but the article was in circulation at a Board meeting of the International Humanist and Ethical Union in October 1987 (See Walter 1988a, p. 4). The article was reprinted in New Humanist (Stopes Roe 1988a) and Kurtz (1989). Stopes-Roe revisited the subject in Stopes-Roe (1996), and wrote the article on "Life stance" for the New Encyclopedia of Unbelief (Stopes-Roe 2007). See also the statement "Humanism is eight letters, no more", signed by Harold Blackham, Levi Fragell, Corliss Lamont, Harry Stopes-Roe, and Rob Tielman.
- Stopes-Roe (1988a, p. 21) commented that "I have found the degree of opposition to the term "life stance" among Humanists more surprising than the religionist's objection." See also the overview of the debate between Walter (1988a and 1988b) and Stopes-Roe (1988a and 1988b) in Fowler (1999 pp. 3–4).
- See "Humanism is eight letters, no more"
- Stopes-Roe (1988a, p.19)
- Memorandum from the BHA to the Charity Commission on Religion and Non-Religious Beliefs in Charity Law, August 2007: see http://www.humanism.org.uk/documents/3917
- Humanism Unmodified By Edd Doerr. Published in the Humanist (November/December 2002)
- Jack Goody as cited in "Sacred and Profane - Durkheim's Critics". Retrieved 2007-07-10.
- Durkheim 1976, p.36
- Cooke 2003 (p.223)
- Barnes, L. Philip (2008). "The 2007 Birmingham Agreed Syllabus for Religious Education: a new direction for statutory religious education in England and Wales", Journal of Beliefs & Values, Vol. 29 (1), April, pp. 75–83.
- British Humanist Association (1975). Objective, fair and balanced: a new law for religion in education. London: BHA.
- Cooke, Bill (2003). The Blasphemy Depot: a hundred years of the Rationalist Press Association. London: RPA.
- Cox, E. (1975). "Principles behind Syllabus Making", Learning for Living, Vol. 4 (4), p. 132.
- Fowler, Jeaneane D (1999). Humanism: beliefs and practices, Brighton: Sussex Academic Press.
- Greer, J.E. (1985). "Edwin Cox and Religious Education", British Journal of Religious Education, Vol. 8 (1), pp. 13–19 .
- Hull, John (1984). Studies in Religion and Education, London: Falmer.
- Kurtz, Paul et al. (ed) (1989). Building a world community: humanism in the 21st century, Prometheus Books, pp. 166-
- Slotte, Pamela (2008). "Waving the ‘Freedom of Religion or Belief’ Card, or Playing It Safe: Religious Instruction in the Cases of Norway and Finland", Religion and Human Rights Vol. 3 (1), March, pp. 33–69..
- Stopes-Roe, H[arry].V. (1976). "The concept of a 'life stance' in education." Learning for living, Vol. 16 (1), Autumn, pp. 25–28.
- Stopes-Roe, Harry (1983). "Moral Practice and Ultimate Reality", Journal of Moral Education, Vol. 12 (2), pp. 81–91.
- Stopes-Roe, Harry (1987). "Humanism as a life stance", Free Inquiry, Vol. 8 (1), Winter 1987/88, pp. 7–9, 56.
- Stopes-Roe (1988a), "Humanism as a life stance", New Humanist, Vol. 103, (2) October, pp. 19–21.
- Stopes-Roe, Harry (1988b). "Controversy: In defence of a life stance", New Humanist, Vol. 103 (4), December, pp. 8–9.
- Stopes-Roe, Harry (1996). "The Presuppositions of Dialogue: a fair vocabulary." Journal for the Critical Study of Religion, Ethics and Society, Vol. 1 (2), Summer/Fall, pp. 9–15.
- Stopes-Roe, Harry (2007). "Life stance", in Flynn, Tom (ed.). The New Encyclopedia of Unbelief. Amherst, New York: Prometheus, pp. 506–507.
- Walter, Nicolas (1988a). "Rationally speaking: against Humanism as a life stance." New Humanist, Vol. 103 (3), October, p. 4.
- Walter, Nicolas (1988b). "Rationally speaking: what kind of humanists?", New Humanist, Vol. 103 (4), December, p. 4. | <urn:uuid:ece2bcf9-9859-40b7-9768-b60a8f0f98fc> | {
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Molybdenum is a silver-white metal that is hard and tough. The chemical properties of molybdenum are relatively stable, and it does not react with air or oxygen at room temperature or at a temperature that is not too high.
When molybdenum is heated in the air, it reacts with oxygen to form molybdenum trioxide. Molybdenum trioxide is a white crystalline powder that turns yellow when heated and recovers when cooled. Molybdenum trioxide can be used as a raw material for the preparation of metal molybdenum and molybdenum compounds. MoO3 is used as a catalyst in the petroleum industry. It can also be used in enamel, glaze, paint, medicine, etc.
2Mo(s) + 3O2(g)→2MoO3(s)
Reaction of Molybdenum with Water
Molybdenum does not react with water at room temperature. When molybdenum is heated to 700~800℃ in water vapor, it starts to form MoO2. When it is further heated, molybdenum dioxide is continuously oxidized to molybdenum trioxide.
Reaction of Molybdenum with Halogen
Halogen elements are the seventh group VIIA, including fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), iodine (I), astatine (At), referred to as halogen. These elements are typical non-metal elements, and they can be combined with typical metals or alkali metals to form salts.
Molybdenum reacts directly with fluorine (F2) to form Molybdenum hexafluoride at room temperature, under much milder conditions than chromium (next to molybdenum on the periodic table). MoF6 is a white bulk crystal, mainly used for isotope separation of molybdenum. It can also be used in the microelectronics industry for chemical vapor deposition of molybdenum silicide or molybdenum to make low-resistance, high-melting interconnects.
Mo(s) + 3F2(g)→MoF6(l)[colorless]
Molybdenum pentachloride is formed in the reaction between metallic molybdenum and chlorine (Cl2) under carefully controlled conditions. MoCl5 is dark green or gray-black needle-like crystals, deliquescence, and irritating to eyes, skin, mucous membranes and upper respiratory tract. This material is mainly used as a chlorinated catalyst, a component of refractory resins, and can also be used to prepare organometallic compounds such as molybdenum hexacarbonyl.
2Mo(s) + 5Cl2(g)→2MoCl5(s) [Black]
Stanford Advanced Materials (SAM) is a worldwide Molybdenum supplier that has rich experience in the manufacture and sale of molybdenum products. For more information, please visit https://www.samaterials.com/. | <urn:uuid:cbb224dd-6dd3-48f0-ab21-1821eb17cc8f> | {
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In the last five years, the use of wind energy has enjoyed a powerful resurgence in the United States. And the proliferation of machines that employ moving air to generate electricity can largely be attributed to two pieces of federal legislation, both of which resulted from the recognition of our nation's energy predicament back in the 1970's. These two important incentives can actually turn a wind system that costs as much as $3,000 per kilowatt of capacity into a wise financial investment.
You, the Friendly Local Utility
In 1978 Congress passed the Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act (PURPA), which contains a provision, Section 210, that among other things requires utilities to buy power from (and sell power to) independent producers of electricity who utilize renewable sources of energy. Under PURPA, if you own a wind machine your local utility must grid connect it, guaranteed.
The wind systems of a couple of generations ago had battery banks to store their excess production. These plants were designed to be electrically independent, simply because there was no centralized source of power in the form of a utility grid. Admittedly, windplants of the 20's and early 30's were far better than the alternatives: motor generators or no electricity at all. But when the wind stopped blowing for extended periods, their battery banks did eventually go flat. And, until the wind came up again, the residents either had to fire up a backup generator or go without electricity.
Today the utility grid can offer a wind machine owner an essentially unlimited source of backup power. And the utility's interconnection charge — which the system owner must bear — is far less than the cost of buying and maintaining a battery bank.
Hooking into the grid provides another important benefit, in the form of a constant customer for excess electrical production. Since a wind machine's capacity will sometimes be greater than the amount of power that's needed (in the middle of a windy night, for example), it's very convenient to have someone around to purchase the excess.
PURPA requires utilities to buy electricity from qualifying independent producers at rates based on what is called avoided cost. This figure is determined by what it would cost the utility to produce that electricity. Because there's a tremendous variation in the actual avoided costs of different power companies, and because there are a number of different ways to go about calculating them, buy-back rates vary from about 1¢ per kilowatt-hour (kwh) in some midwestern states to as much as 10¢ per kwh in California and parts of the Northeast.
However, regardless of your location, you'll never get rich by selling power from your home-size wind machine to a utility. Because the power company pays less than retail for power it buys, your best bet is to use as much of your home-generated electricity as possible. Unfortunately, some utilities require that all generated power be sold directly to them (at buy-back rates, of course) and that all power consumed at the site be purchased from the utility at retail rates. This provision — which is often called parallel (as opposed to series) interconnection — can make tying into the utility's grid a financial bust!
Because of a variety of federal and state tax incentives, it's possible to write of as much as 90% of the initial cost of a wind-powered electric system. One of the decisions you'll have to make, however, is whether you'll consider your windplant to be a home appliance or a piece of business equipment.
Domestic applications: The federal residential renewable-energy tax credit allows an individual to deduct up to 40% of the first $10,000 spent on a wind machine. This will result in a direct reduction in the amount of tax paid in the year that the equipment is purchased.
In addition, 19 states offer similar direct tax credits, and a total of 37 states have some sort of direct or indirect incentive. The indirect incentives may be in the form of tax deductions (from gross income), exemption from sales and/or property tax, and/or a combination of rebates or refunds to the purchaser.
Finally, an individual may deduct the interest paid on a loan used to buy a windplant, as well as any sales tax that may have been added to the purchase price.
Business applications: There's a federal 15% renewable-energy tax credit for businesses that install wind machines to serve their enterprises' electrical needs. In addition, if enough of the power produced from a residential system goes to the utility grid, the owner may be considered to be in the business of producing electricity. This can be ticklish for small systems connected in series, but all parallel connected systems should qualify as power-producing businesses.
The federal government also provides a 10% investment tax credit. This can trim yet another 10% off the taxes paid by a business. And the Internal Revenue Service allows wind systems to be depreciated over a five-year period (under Accelerated Cost Recovery), which means that a percentage of the machine's cost can be deducted from business income each year over a five-year period.
The Energy Future
Researchers think that the cost of electricity will continue to rise at a rate of 15 to 30% annually, once the current leveling in cost has passed. They also suggest that another major energy crisis can be expected in the 1990's. Thus, the development of wind energy, wherever it's practical, is vital to both our personal and national well-being.
At present, the tax and utility interconnection incentives are crucial to the feasibility of wind-energy systems. Unfortunately, the renewable-energy tax credit is due to expire in 1985. And, as of this writing, a renewal bill has failed to make its way through Congress. If you'd like to develop your own wind system in the next few years, you may want to contact your representatives and senators and urge them to support a continuation of these incentives. | <urn:uuid:0955d728-45f8-41ec-b44f-60956e64f2c5> | {
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« AnkstesnisTęsti »
Lear. Take heed, firrah, the whip—
Fool. Truth's a dog that muft to kennel; he must be whipt out, when the lady f brach may ftand by th' fire and ftink.
Lend more than thou owest,
And thou shalt have more
Than two tens to a score.
Kent. This is nothing, fool.
Fool. Then 'tis like the breath of an unfee'd lawyer, you m gave me nothing for't. Can you make no use of nothing, " nuncle?
All but the qu's omit that.
• The qu's read, when lady o'the brach, &c.
f Nos quidem hodie brach dicimus de cane fœmineá, qua leporem ex odore perfequitur. Spelm. Gloff. in voce Bracco.
I The qu's read gull for gall.
The qu's read unckle.
So the qu's and two firft fo's: the two laft fo's and R. read in door; P,
and all after within door.
*The qu's give this speech to Lear.
1 The qu's omit 'tis.
The two last fo's, R. and P. read give for gave..
The qu's read uncle.
Lear. Why, no, boy; nothing can be made out of nothing, Fool. Pr'ythee, tell him, fo much the rent of his land comes to: he will not believe a fool.
Lear. A bitter fool!—
Fool. Doft thou know the difference, my boy, between a bitter fool and a fweet P fool?
Lear. No, lad, teach me.
"Fool. That lord that counsel'd thee to give away thy land, "Come place him here by me! or do thou for him ftand; "The fweet and bitter fool will presently appear,
"The one, in motley here; the other, found out there. "Lear. Doft thou call me fool, r boy?
"Fool. All thy other titles thou hast given away; that "thou waft born with.
"Kent. This is not altogether fool, my lord.
"Fool. No, faith; lords and great men will not let me; "if I had a monopoly s out, they would have part an't; u and ladies too, they will not let me have all
• What is in italic is omitted, or degraded to the margin, by P. and H. and what has the commas prefixed is omitted in the fo's and R. By which we fee that P. by omitting from the fo's, and restoring (and that but in part) from the qu's, has made the pallage incoherent; for the fpeech which gave occafion to Lear's, Doft thou call me fool, boy? as this does to the three speeches following, is left out in P. and H.
P So the qu's; the reft read one for fool.
Or is here added; both the fenfe and measure point out that there is a word loft in this place; and the fenfe fhews it to be or.
P. and H. omit boy.
So the qu's; a monopoly out, i. c. a patent out of court for being fole fool. The reft read on't for out.
So the ft q. an't is a clown th way of pronouncing on't; the ad q. and the reft read on't.
For and, P. and all after read may the.
w The ad q. reads lodes for ladies.
All but the qu's read they'll for they will.
z Give me an
When thou clovest
the fool to myself, they'll be fnatching.". egg, nuncle, and I'll give thee two crowns. Lear. What two crowns fhall they be? Fool. Why, after I have cut the egg i'th' middle and eat up the meat, the two crowns of the egg. thy crown i'th' middle and gav'st away bor'ft thine afs on thy back o'er the dirt. wit in thy bald crown, when thou gav'ft thy golden one away. If I fpeak like myself in this, let him be whipp'd that firft finds it fo.
both parts, thou Thou hadft little
For wife men are grown foppish;
And know not how their wits to wear,
Their manners are so apifh.
Lear. When were you wout to be fo full of fongs, firrah? Fool. I have us'd it, nuncle, e'er fince thou mad'ft thy daughters thy 8 mothers; for when thou gav'ft them the rod, and put'ft down thy own breeches,
Then they for fudden joy did weep,
And I for forrow fung,
That fuch a king should play bo-peep,
And go the fools among.
Pr'ythee, nuncle, keep a fchoolmafter that can teach thy fool
to lye; I would fain learn to lye.
So the 1t q. the ad q. and the rest omit the.
z The fo's and R. read, Nuncle, give me an egg, and, &c.
The ift f. reads crowns.
b J. reads crown for one.
CW. reads footh, i. e. truth, for fo.
▲ P. and all after read ne'er had lefs, &c.
The qu's read wit for grace.
f. The qu's read do for to.
The qu's read mother.
The 1st and 2d fo's read foole.
Lear. If you lye, k firrah, we'll have you whipp'd.
Fool. I marvel what kin thou and thy daughters are: they'll have me whipt for speaking true; thou wilt have me whip for lying; and fometimes I am whipt for holding my peace, I had rather be any kind of thing than a fool, and yet I would not be thee, nuacle; thou haft pared thy wit o' both fides, and left nothing i'th' middle; here comes one o'th' parings.
SCEN E XIV.
To them enter Gonerill.
Lear. How now, daughter? what makes that frontlet on? You are too much of late i̟'th' frown.
Fool. Thou waft a pretty fellow, when thou hadft no need to care for her 1 frown; now thou art an O without a figure: I am better than thou art now; I am a fool, thou art nothing.--Yes, forfooth, I will hold my tongue; [to Gonerill] fo your face bids me, tho' you fay nothing.
Mum, mum, he that keeps neither cruft nor crumb,
Weary of all, fball want fome.
• That's a fheal'd peafcod.
Gon. Not only, fir, P this your all-licens'd fool,
But other of your infolent retinue,
i The ift q. the fo's, and R. read and for if. The qu's omit firrah.
1 So the qu's; the rest frowning.
m The ad q. reads thou for now.
So the qu's; all the reft nor. PW. reads thou'rt for that's.
PJ. reads thus.
7. reads others.
Do hourly carp and quarrel, breaking forth.
In rank, and not to be endured riots, fir.
Is had thought, by making this well-known unto you,
Fool. For you know, nuncle,
The hedge Sparrow fed the cuckow fo long,
That a it had its head bit off by its young.
So out went the candle, and we were left darkling.
Gon. & Come, fir;
I would you would make ufe of that good wisdom,
1 T. W. and J. omit fir.
So all before P. who omits had; followed by the reft.
So all before P. who alters it, t' have; followed by the rest.
The qu's omit it.
w The qu's read redresse.
* The qu's read that for which.
▾ The qu's read must for will.
The qu's read proceedings.
a The 1ft f. reads its.
b. The qu's read it.
The qu's read be it for by its.
d All but the qu's omit come, fir.
So the qu's; all the reft your for that. If we read your, we make the next clause of the fentence, whereof I know you are fraught, unnecessary. | <urn:uuid:c99ffbca-7126-4241-9356-3407ca2d8d8d> | {
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The Role Of Adh In Pkd
ADH helped life evolve from oceans to land, eons ago. If it weren’t for ADH, many living organisms would be unable to withstand the harsh dehydrating influence of the warmer land surface under a blazing sun.
Produced by a part of the brain called the hypothalamus, ADH is a hormone that acts on the kidneys and makes them retain and conserve water. It is what makes urine look dark and concentrated when you have not had enough water to drink or spent a day outside in the hot sun. It can, therefore, influence how much water needs to be excreted and how much must be “recycled” to meet the body’s needs .
How does ADH fit into the discussion on CKD? Studies have shown that ADH is one of the major promoters of cyst growth in PKD. In other words, if you could somehow lower ADH levels, or block its action on the cysts, it might be possible to slow down cyst growth and the inexorable progression of PKD.
Thehealthsitecom Spoke To Dr Sandeep Kumar Mandal Consultant
Written by Satata Karmakar | Updated : March 10, 2022 5:31 PM IST
Polycystic Kidney Disease is an inherited health condition in which several cysts develop primarily inside the kidneys, causing the organ to enlarge and lose function over time. Cysts are noncancerous round sacs containing fluid. They usually vary in size, and they can grow very large over time, if not treated. On World Kidney Day, TheHealthSite.com spoke to Dr. Sandeep Kumar Mandal, Consultant – Nephrology, Manipal Hospital, Gurugram, to understand more about this condition. Here is what the doctor has to say.
New Treatment For High Blood Pressure In Cats
Did you know that the kidneys secrete a hormone that regulates blood pressure? Cats that suffer from severe kidney problems tend to have high blood pressure that puts undue stress on internal organs, including the heart, lungs and retinas.
Oftentimes, they will require kidney medication for cats, like Amlodipine, to lower blood pressure. While Amlodipine is still the mainstay of treatment, sometimes it is not enough to lower blood pressures adequately.
If this is a problem in your cat, ask your veterinarian about a new drug called Semintra, which can help normalize blood pressure in cats that arent responding well to Amlodipine.
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What Are The Signs And Symptoms
A Polycystic Kidney Disease can be both symptomatic and asymptomatic. Some of the symptoms of this condition may include:
- Increase in your blood pressure
- Kidney function impairment
- Flank pain Cyst infection due to cyst haemorrhage, stones, large size cyst infections
How can one diagnose this condition? Diagnosis is done by ultrasonography, CT scan, and MRI of the kidneys.
Can Kidney Disease Be Prevented
Seeing your healthcare provider on a regular basis throughout your life is a good start for preventing kidney disease. About one in every three people in the United States is at risk for kidney disease. Identify and manage any risk factors for developing kidney disease.
- Control your high blood pressure. Normal blood pressure is 120/80.
- Control your blood sugar if you have diabetes.
- Eat a healthy diet. Follow a low-fat, low-salt diet.
- Dont smoke.
- Be active for 30 minutes at least five days a week.
- Maintain a healthy weight.
- Take nonprescription pain relievers only as directed. Taking more than directed can damage your kidneys.
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Who Is At Risk Of Developing Pkd
How to know if you are too, at risk of developing severe polycystic kidney disease? Here are some of the risk factors that can contribute largely to this fatal health condition.
What Is The Survival Rate Of Pkd
Although Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease occurs in approximately one in a thousand live births, it is estimated that less than half of these cases will be diagnosed during the patient’s lifetime, as the disease is often clinically silent. Survival depends on the rate of its progression to kidney failure, which varies in families. Survival also depends on the extrarenal association of PKD like Intrarenal aneurysms.
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What Happens If My Test Results Show I May Have Chronic Kidney Disease
Your doctor will want to pinpoint your diagnosis and check your kidney function to help plan your treatment. The doctor may do the following:
- Calculate your Glomerular Filtration Rate , which is the best way to tell how much kidney function you have. You do not need to have another test to know your GFR. Your doctor can calculate it from your blood creatinine, your age, race, gender and other factors. Your GFR tells your doctor your stage of kidney disease and helps the doctor plan your treatment.
- Perform an ultrasound or CT scan to get a picture of your kidneys and urinary tract. This tells your doctor whether your kidneys are too large or too small, whether you have a problem like a kidney stone or tumor and whether there are any problems in the structure of your kidneys and urinary tract.
- Perform a kidney biopsy, which is done in some cases to check for a specific type of kidney disease, see how much kidney damage has occurred and help plan treatment. To do a biopsy, the doctor removes small pieces of kidney tissue and looks at them under a microscope.
Your doctor may also ask you to see a kidney specialist who will consult on your case and help manage your care.
For help making sense of your lab values, .
When Do I Have To Start Dialysis
For most people, the need for dialysis comes on slowly. Symptoms, such as losing your desire to eat and losing muscle, may begin so slowly that you dont notice them. Many people start dialysis when their kidney function is between 5 and 10. When kidney function is this low, you may have symptoms from kidney failure and starting dialysis may help relieve them. Starting dialysis can help you regain your appetite and maintain your strength, which is harder to rebuild than it is to retain. Your health care provider can help you decide the best time to begin treatment.
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Understanding Kidney Failure And How It Impacts The Body
Kidney failure interferes with the entire arrangement of the human body. The beginning of kidney failure depends on the loss of the kidneys.
One more name for kidney failure is renal failure or end-stage renal disease. As stated above, kidneys have functional parts that help with finishing kidneys everyday obligations. However, the focal obligation that is answerable for getting the entire equilibrium of the body is blood filtration. Kidneys are the filtering and disposing system of the body because the kidneys filtering units (the glomerulus and the tubules, filter the blood while eliminating the byproducts and excess liquids from the body.
Kidney failure is the last objective that records most instances of kidney disease. When kidneys become unfit to work as indicated by their functional order- filtration-reabsorption and disposal, this prompts hampering the kidneys filtering capabilities. A series of entanglements shows up as improper blood filtration is unhealthy to the organs of the body. Complexities like hypertension, aggravation, and waste products are stored in the blood. Different organs likewise face deterrents because of disabled kidney function.
There are two types of kidney failure:
- Acute kidney failure .
- Chronic kidney failure .
What Do Your Kidneys Do
You have two kidneys. They are bean-shaped organs that are located toward your back, on either side of your spine, just underneath the rib cage. Each kidney is about the size of your fist.
Your kidneys have many jobs, but their main job is to filter your blood, getting rid of toxins and excess salt and water as urine. If your kidneys are damaged and dont work as they should, wastes can build up in your blood and can make you sick. Your kidneys also balance the amount of salts and minerals in your body, make hormones that control blood pressure, make red blood cells and keep your bones strong.
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How Will I Know Which Medicines Are Right For Me
The only way to know which medicines are right for you is to talk to your doctor. Your doctor will choose medicines for you based on many factors, including:
- Other medicines you are taking
Talk to your doctor and other health care providers to understand all your prescribed medicines:
- Learn the names of the medicines your doctor prescribes
- Understand how each medicine works to keep you healthy
- Know when to take different medicines, such as before bed or after eating
- Know which medicines you can or cannot take together
Always talk to your doctor before you start or stop any medicines, including any vitamins and supplements.
Treatment For Kidney Disease
If detected early enough, the progress of kidney disease can be slowed and sometimes even prevented. In the early stages, changes to diet and medication can help to increase the life of your kidneys.
If kidney function is reduced to less than 10 per cent of normal, the loss of function must be replaced by dialysis or a kidney transplant. Dialysis is a treatment for kidney failure that removes waste products and extra water from the blood by filtering it through a special membrane .
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Stage 3 Kidney Disease Diet
Processed foods are extremely hard on the body. Since your kidneys are responsible for removing wastes and balancing electrolytes, eating too many of the wrong foods can overload your kidneys.
Its important to eat more whole foods like produce and grains, and to eat fewer processed foods and less of the saturated fats found in animal products.
A doctor may recommend decreasing your protein intake. If your potassium levels are too high from CKD, they may also recommend that you avoid certain high-potassium foods like bananas, potatoes, and tomatoes.
The same principle pertains to sodium. You may need to cut down on salty foods if your sodium levels are too high.
Weight loss is common in more advanced stages of CKD because of appetite loss. This can also put you at risk of malnutrition.
If youre experiencing appetite loss, consider eating smaller, more frequent meals throughout the day to make sure youre getting enough calories and nutrients.
Who Should See An Early Kidney Disease Specialist
You should be considered for evaluation in the Early RenalInsufficiency Program if you:
- Have modestly elevated levels of creatinine, a chemical used to measure kidney function
- Have a low glomerular filtration rate , which is a test used to determine kidney function
- Have diabetes with small or large amounts of protein in your urine
- Have high blood pressure with low-grade levels of protein in your urine
- View yourself at a high risk for development of renal disease
In This Section:
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What Are The Basics About Conservative Management
Conservative management for kidney failure means that your health care team continues your care without dialysis or a kidney transplant. The focus of care is on your quality of life and symptom control.The decision to start dialysis is yours. For most people, dialysis may extend and improve quality of life. For others who have serious conditions in addition to kidney failure, dialysis may seem like a burden that only prolongs suffering.
You have the right to decide how your kidney failure will be treated. You may want to speak with your family, doctor, counselor, or renal social workerwho helps people with kidney diseaseto help you make this decision.
If you decide not to begin dialysis treatments, you may live for a few weeks or for several months, depending on your health and your remaining kidney function. Many of the complications of kidney failure can be treated with medicines, but only dialysis or transplant can filter wastes from your blood. As your kidney function declines, you may want to consider adding hospice, or end-of-life, care. You can have hospice care in a facility or at home. The hospice program is designed to meet end-of-life physical and emotional needs. Hospice care focuses on relieving pain and other symptoms.
What Is The Prognosis And Life Expectancy For Kidney Failure Can It Be Prevented
The outlook for kidney failure depends upon the underlying condition that caused it. Kidney function may return to normal, especially if it is due to an acute obstruction and that obstruction is relieved. Other causes of decreased kidney function leading to kidney failure are due to underlying disease and occur slowly over time.
Prevention is the best chance to maintain kidney function, and controlling high blood pressure and diabetes over a lifetime can decrease the potential for progressive kidney damage. Chronic kidney failure may be managed to help monitor electrolyte and waste product levels in the bloodstream. Major abnormalities can be life-threatening, and treatment options may be limited to dialysis or transplant.
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What Are The Basics About Hemodialysis
Hemodialysis can replace part of your kidney function. In hemodialysis, your blood goes through a filter outside your body and filtered blood is returned to your body. Hemodialysis
- filters your blood to remove harmful wastes and extra fluid
- helps control blood pressure
- helps balance important minerals, such as potassium, sodium, and calcium in your blood
Hemodialysis isnt a cure for kidney failure, but it can help you feel better and live longer. You will also need to change what you eat, take medicines, and limit the amount of water and other liquids you drink and get from food.
Before you can start hemodialysis, youll need to have minor surgery to create a vascular accessa place on your body where you insert needles to allow your blood to flow from and return to your body during dialysis.
You can have hemodialysis at a dialysis center or in your home. Hemodialysis is usually done at a dialysis center three times a week, with each session lasting about 4 hours.
What About Prescription Kidney Diets
Most savvy cat owners know that their feline needs to eat a high-quality diet rich in protein, but what about cats with kidney disease? The old belief was to restrict protein in cats with kidney disease, but now veterinarians know better.
Feline kidney disease treatment often includes a diet consisting of highly digestible protein that meets or exceeds minimum standards, is restricted in phosphorus, and is high in omega-3 fatty acids.
Prescription cat food that focuses on kidney support, such as Blue Natural Kidney and Mobility diet, fits the nutritional needs of cats with kidney disease. The earlier you can transition your cat to a specialized diet for kidney support, the more quickly you can support your cats special nutritional needs and maintain quality of life.
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What Are Dialysis And Hemodialysis
Dialysis cleanses the body of waste products by body by use of filter systems. There are two types of dialysis, 1) hemodialysis and 2) peritoneal dialysis.
Hemodialysis uses a machine filter called a dialyzer or artificial kidney to remove excess water and salt, to balance the other electrolytes in the body, and to remove waste products of metabolism. Blood is removed from the body and flows through tubing into the machine, where it passes next to a filter membrane. A specialized chemical solution flows on the other side of the membrane. The dialysate is formulated to draw impurities from the blood through the filter membrane. Blood and dialysate are never touched in the artificial kidney machine.
For this type of dialysis, access to the blood vessels needs to be surgically created so that large amounts of blood can flow into the machine and back to the body. Surgeons can build a fistula, a connection between a large artery and vein in the body, usually in the arm, that allows a large amount of blood to flow into the vein. This makes the vein swell or dilate, and its walls become thicker so that it can tolerate repeated needle sticks to attach tubing from the body to the machine. Since it takes many weeks or months for a fistula to mature enough to be used, significant planning is required if hemodialysis is to be considered as an option.
Treatment For Kidney Failure
When you have kidney failure , it means your kidneys have stopped working well enough for you to live without treatment. There is no cure for kidney failure, but with treatment many people with kidney failure are able to keep doing activities they want or need to do. Talk to your doctor about which treatment is best for you.
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What Are My Treatment Options For Kidney Failure
You can choose one of three treatment options to filter your blood and take over a small part of the work your damaged kidneys can no longer do. A fourth option offers care without replacing the work of the kidneys. None of these treatments will help your kidneys get better. However, they all can help you feel better.
- Hemodialysis uses a machine to move your blood through a filter outside your body, removing wastes.
- Peritoneal dialysis uses the lining of your belly to filter your blood inside your body, removing wastes.
- Kidney transplant is surgery to place a healthy kidney from a person who has just died, or from a living person, into your body to filter your blood.
- Conservative management treats kidney failure without dialysis or a transplant. Youll work with your health care team to manage symptoms and preserve your kidney function and quality of life as long as possible.
Doing well with kidney failure is a challenge, and it works best if you
- stick to your treatment schedule.
- review your medicines with your health care provider at every visit. You are the only one who knows how your body is responding to each of your medicines. Its really important that your provider knows which medicines you are taking.
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“Luke,” Richard Hays remarks in one of his books, “is above all a storyteller” (2016, 275). This characterization, brief as it is, highlights what might be the most important dimension of the lens that Union Presbyterian Seminary professor John T. Carroll brings to the table in his book, Luke: A Commentary, which was published in 2012.
A number of New Testament scholars—maybe most prominent among them James Dunn—have highlighted the importance of remembering that the materials we read in the Gospels were in all likelihood first passed on as oral traditions by the earliest communities of Jesus followers. This insight is important at the very least because it prevents contemporary readers from making anachronistic assumptions about how the canonical Gospel texts were formed, but it doesn’t take away from the fruits that can be gathered by also exploring their literary shape and texture. Recognizing the predominantly oral origins of the Gospels and studying the narrative dynamics of their final forms aren’t mutually exclusive tasks. After all, the Gospel writers, in their own distinctive ways, were creative theologians in their own right, not merely haphazard compilers of community traditions.
This gives us one helpful way of framing how Carroll’s commentary fits into the ongoing stream of scholarship on Luke: while some commentaries devote most of their pages to reconstructing the historical world behind the text, and others delve most deeply into the twists and turns of interpretation history that have developed in front of the text, Carroll focuses his critical efforts on narrative analysis on the nuances of meaning in the text itself (9).Social Critique and the Empire in Luke
In Carroll’s reading, matters of money, possessions, and social inclusion emerge as prominent concerns in Luke. Over and over throughout the commentary’s pages, Carroll points out the many occasions where encounters with Jesus and his teachings lead to unexpected reversals of social and economic structures (10). A bit further on, Carroll expands on this point and makes clear that, in his eyes, this vision of God’s commitment to justice, faithfulness, and mercy isn’t a novel addition to Israel’s testimony:
Honor, wealth, and power all undergo radical redefinition… in this Gospel. Yet Jesus, in carrying out his ministry—with its vision of a radical social transformation that elevates the poor and powerless and demotes the wealthy and powerful—will not be an innovator, a point that Mary’s Song already makes clear. The social revolution of God’s realm continues an ancient story. It is about a God who remembers mercy and keeps covenant with God’s people. (52)
Carroll is far from alone when he says this. Other writers have also made note of the emphasis on social critique, reversal, and concern for the vulnerable in Luke’s Gospel, including the Protestant theologian Joel Green in The Theology of the Gospel of Luke (1995) and the Catholic scholar Joseph Fitzmeyer in his series of lectures, Luke the Theologian (1989). But Carroll writes on this aspect with both clarity and nuance, making him a useful companion for those using this commentary to become familiar with Luke’s Gospel for the first time.
On a not entirely unrelated note, Carroll also delves into Luke’s portrayal of the relationship between the early communities of Jesus followers and the Roman Empire. As Carroll shows, there is actually no small amount of disagreement about how to best characterize Luke’s portrayal of the empire in both the Gospel and Acts (398-399). It is, for example, true that imperial figures aren’t portrayed in a uniformly negative light by him in the narrative. The centurion in Luke 7 is actually praised for his faith and benefaction (402). Nevertheless, it is fairly clear that for Luke, Caesar’s claim to lordship is relativized and undercut by Jesus’s ultimate identity as Lord. As Carroll puts it, “Loyal service of God trumps all other claims, even Caesar’s” (403). For Carroll, the early Jesus movement’s relation to the Roman Empire shouldn’t be reduced to either resigned submission or open rebellion (400). Rather, it engaged in something more akin to indirect criticism while seeking to embody a peaceful, alternative possibility for life that avoided overt rebellion:
Luke’s audience is introduced to, and invited to participate in, a counterreign defined by alternative practices and a fundamentally different notion of power and status… the alternative political community and discourse and alternative social practices that come into being around Jesus, symbolically enacted in inclusive, status-blending, boundary-crossing meals, are deeply countercultural. (402-403)
In some ways, I think it may be that Luke’s overarching approach reflects a strategy for persuading the surrounding Roman world that early Christians didn’t need to be persecuted or vilified as a dangerous threat. It may also be part of Luke’s relative openness to Gentile inclusion in the young Christian movement. To once again complicate things, though, we do well to keep in mind that all of Luke-Acts takes place under the shadow of the Empire, with first Jesus in the Gospel and then Paul in Acts coming into grave conflict with the authorities (399-400). Clearly this is a complex interpretive question.
While Carroll provides no easy answers, he does orient readers to the various ways contemporary scholars have approached these questions, and I think he does help his audience begin to notice the ways in which Luke seemingly critiques the exploitative socioeconomic aspects of the Empire in his narrative without stepping into open confrontation with it. These are just a few of the interpretive topics Carroll explores, but hopefully they demonstrate his way of using a literary approach and keeping an eye out for social dimensions of Luke’s Gospel to bring out layers in the text that may otherwise be missed.
Luke’s Gospel can arguably be seen as the most linguistically crafted of the canonical gospel accounts. And his attentiveness to the stories Jesus told while on the way to Jerusalem is also distinctive. It is Luke, Eugene Peterson suggests, who “immerses us in the way Jesus uses language as he deals with the ordinary and the occasional” (2008, 17). For a Gospel of this sort, there is much to be gained by paying attention to its literary contours, and with a satisfying amount of scholarly rigor, Carroll takes on this task, and his commentary comes out the better for it. By shedding light on Luke’s use of language and story, Carroll deepens the experience of those who use his commentary as a reading companion, and for this I am certainly grateful.
*Disclosure: I received this book free from Westminster John Knox Press for review purposes. The opinions I have expressed are my own, and I was not required to write a positive review.
Other Works Cited
Fitzmyer, Joseph A. Luke the Theologian: Aspects of his Teaching. Mahwah, NJ: Paulist Press, 1989.
Green, Joel B. The Theology of the Gospel of Luke. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995.
Hays, Richard B. Echoes of Scripture in the Gospels. Waco, TX: Baylor University Press, 2016.
Peterson, Eugene. Tell it Slant: A Conversation on the Language of Jesus in his Stories and Prayers. Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 2008. | <urn:uuid:cc9ee834-53ec-43cd-b5e8-67f4b7ff7d26> | {
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O sole me-ow. Music may prevent two cats from fighting! What kind works best?
One woman with two constantly bickering cats kept classical music on for them all day while she was away and found it was the only thing that stopped them from fighting.
Another cat owner, who also also found that music diminished her cat's aggressiveness, found that classical harp music worked the best.
Here are some more off-beat facts about music and your cat.
A certain key may make kittens defecate and older cats become sexually aroused. (We'll tell you the note if you promise not to test it out for yourself: It's E in the fourth octave. Don't write us about the results. We don't want to know.)
Cats may respond to some music, for example, becoming happy when they hear the theme song of a TV show. (Some cats are also attracted to mice who sing offkey. Bet you didn't even know that they sang on key.)
And if you start singing off key, your cat may meow in distress. (As will other people around you.) | <urn:uuid:8a1e4e55-c8dd-47ed-88cd-2bd87fca64d5> | {
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Natural resource revenue could reduce out-of-school numbers by 86% in 17 developing countries
A new paper from UNESCO’s Education for All Global Monitoring Report, shows that 17 developing countries* could finance access to primary school for 86% of their out-of-school children or 42% of their out of school adolescents, if they managed their revenues from natural resources better.
Released the week of the World Economic Forum on Africa (Cape Town, South Africa 8-10 May), the policy paper reveals that an extra US$5 billion in funding for education could be raised from these 17 countries per year if 30% of income from their minerals and 75% from their oil and gas was converted into public revenue and 20% of this sum invested in education. This is equivalent to two and a half times the amount that these countries received in aid to education in 2010. It would fill a fifth of the $26 billion financing gap needed to give all children a good quality basic education.
“National commitment to education has to be supported by adequate resources. The 17 countries covered in this study face tremendous educational challenges that can be met only through additional financing to expand their systems,” said Irina Bokova, Director-General of UNESCO. “The study finds that revenue from natural resources could enable these countries to reach over 11 million out-of-school children. This is an investment in future generations that should be seized now.”
The EFA Global Monitoring Report’s paper, “Turning the resource curse into a blessing for education,” gives examples of the revenue that natural resources could bring to education:
- In Uganda, following recent oil discoveries, the government’s total budget is set to almost double by 2016. This could lead to a doubling of the education budget and send all primary and lower secondary school-aged children to school.
- In the Lao People’s Democratic Republic, the value of copper and gold this year is expected to be worth more than double its value in 2008, enough to double their education budget and almost achieve universal primary education.
- The Democratic Republic of the Congo, receives less than 10% of the income from its minerals with the remaining 90% going to extracting companies. Striking a better deal with these companies and keeping more as government revenue could likely send all of its children to primary school.
Transparency of natural resource exports is key, but is not enough on its own to secure a country’s future; it is also vital to ensure countries strike a good deal, and allocate a share to education.
“Many countries have mismanaged the income from their natural resources, have poorly negotiated with extractive companies, or have made misguided spending choices” said Pauline Rose, director of the Education for All Global Monitoring Report. “In some cases, the funds have been channeled into armed conflicts instead of towards education. If they managed their income revenue better and put 20% of the revenue into education, ten of the 17 countries we analyzed could reach universal primary education.”
The EFA Global Monitoring Report has partnered with international NGO Global Witness and the Africa Progress Panel, chaired by Kofi Annan, to call on countries to use their natural resource revenue for social goods such as education. They are also calling on the G8 to prioritize transparency on the agenda.
1. ‘Old’ and ‘new’ resource-rich countries must maximize the revenue they get from their resources to improve social services and particularly education 2. Funds from resources must be managed efficiently and transparently to enable citizens to monitor the way they are being used. All countries rich in natural resources should publish annual budget data (including resource revenues, the Enacted Budget, actual spending, and an Audit Report) as well as sign up to Extractives Industry Transparency initiative and other transparency and fair taxation measures. 3. At least 20% of the funds raised from resources should be channeled into education, which will bring equitable and sustainable benefits for the population.
- For more information, for interviews, for an infographic related to the issue, or photos on education in each of the related country please contact Kate Redman on k.redman(at)unesco.org or 0033 671 78 6234
- Follow this link to read the full paper, ‘Turning the resource curse into a blessing for education’
Developed by an independent team and published by UNESCO, the Education for All Global Monitoring Report is an authoritative reference that aims to inform, influence and sustain genuine commitment towards Education for All.
*NOTES TO EDITORS
Many resource-rich countries could reach Education for All if they raised more revenue and increased focus on education
Notes: The countries included in the table are those with youth literacy rates below 90%. Cambodia, Côte d’Ivoire, Madagascar and Mali are also set to increase extraction of natural resources in coming years, but the potential quantity of exports is not yet known. Countries in italics are the seventeen included in the aggregate figure used in the text.
1. According to the list of conflict-affected countries compiled for the 2011 EFA Global Monitoring Report.
2. ‘Potential extra education funding from natural resource revenue’ is based on assumptions that (a) governments increase the share of revenue raised from natural resource exports to 30% for mineral-rich countries and 75% for oil- and gas-rich countries and (b) governments spend 20% of the extra revenue (i.e. above what is already being raised) on education. Because Iraq and Yemen already raise more than 75% from oil exports, and Mauritania 30% of minerals exports, there is no extra education funding available.
3. Pupil unit costs were calculated for primary school and lower secondary school using either EPDC and UNESCO (2009) costings (therefore including improvements in quality) or actual unit costs as reported in the statistical tables of this Report. For countries where data were unavailable, an income group average was used.
4. For countries with available data, the potential number of pupils that could be funded was capped at the number of current out-of-school children, with funds remaining in many cases. For countries without out-of-school figures, the total number of pupils that could be funded is shown in italics. The inclusion of this number does not mean that there are necessarily that many children out of school.
5. For countries with recently discovered deposits, an annual average over 2010–2015 of current IMF projections on exports for natural resource revenue was used to calculate potential education funding.
Sources: EFA Global Monitoring Report team calculations (2012) based on IMF Article IV reviews and EPDC and UNESCO (2009); Annex, Statistical Tables 2 and 9.
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|Los Costumbres|| |
People go to cemeteries to be with the souls of the departed and build private altars containing the favorite foods and beverages as well as photos and memorabilia of the departed. The intent is to encourage visits by the souls, so that the souls will hear the prayers and the comments of the living directed to them. Celebrations can take a humorous tone, as celebrants remember funny events and anecdotes about the departed.
Plans for the day are made throughout the year, including gathering the goods to be offered to the dead. During the three-day period, families usually clean and decorate graves; most visit the cemeteries where their loved ones are buried and decorate their graves with ofrendas ("offerings"), which often include orange mexican marigolds.
Toys are brought for dead children (los angelitos, or "the little angels"). Families will also offer trinkets or the deceased's favorite candies on the grave. Ofrendas are also put in homes, usually with foods such as candied pumpkin, pan de muerto ("bread of the dead"), and sugar skulls and beverages such as atole. The ofrendas are left out in the homes as a welcoming gesture for the deceased. Some people believe the spirits of the dead eat the "spiritual essence" of the ofrendas food, so even though the celebrators eat the food after the festivities, they believe it lacks nutritional value. Pillows and blankets are left out so that the deceased can rest after their long journey.
Some families build altars in their homes; statues or pictures of deceased relatives and other persons, scores of candles and an ofrenda. Traditionally, families spend some time around the altar, praying and telling anecdotes about the deceased. In some locations, celebrants wear shells on their clothing, so that when they dance, the noise will wake up the dead; some will also dress up as the deceased.
Public schools at all levels build altars with ofrendas, usually omitting the religious symbols. Government offices usually have at least a small altar, as this holiday is seen as important to the Mexican heritage. | <urn:uuid:a0be713f-b6e0-4661-93b1-6a5fcc08776f> | {
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SD cards weren't always designed for high capacity storage. SD cards can hold up to 2GB of data, but the newer SDHC cards have been developed to hold up to 32GB. Not all card readers, devices and computers can read the high capacity format, however. If you are getting a read error, it could be that your reader is not SDHC compliant. If this is the case, your device should read 2GB or smaller cards, but respond with an error for larger capacity cards.
- Skill level:
Other People Are Reading
Verify that your reader has a SDHC logo. If this logo does not appear on your reader or device, it may not be compliant with high capacity cards (over 2GB).
Transfer files from your electronic device. If you attach your device to a computer using a USB cable or Bluetooth, you can transfer your files that way. Access the card's storage through Windows Explorer and drag and drop the files you need.
Check the Downloads or Support page for your computer or other device. You should check with your device manufacturer to see if there is a firmware update available. Follow the specific instructions supplied with the update to apply your device.
Use an SDHC reader. If you want to transfer your files to a computer, you can purchase an inexpensive SDHC card reader that can be connected via USB.
Check for an operating system update. If you are running Windows XP with Service Pack 3, there is an update available from Microsoft to allow you to access SDHC cards of 4GB and larger size (see Resources).
- 20 of the funniest online reviews ever
- 14 Biggest lies people tell in online dating sites
- Hilarious things Google thinks you're trying to search for | <urn:uuid:a68e40ce-18be-4cca-a107-00e46c30f551> | {
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ITALIAN CHRISTMAS POETRY
especially Italy, in the thirteenth century. 9 For the twenty all-too-short vears of St. Francis's apostolate have passed, and a new attitude towards God and man and the world has become possible. Not that the change was due solely to St. Francis ; he was rather the supreme embodiment of the ideals and tendencies of his day than their actual creator ; but he was the spark that kindled a mighty flame. In him we reach so important a turning-point in the history of Christmas that we must linger awhile at his side.
Early Franciscanism meant above all the democratizing, the humanizing of Christianity; with it begins that "carol spirit" which is the most winning part of the Christian Christmas, the spirit which, while not forgetting the divine side of the Nativity, yet delights in its simple humanity, the spirit that links the Incarnation to the common life of the people, that brings human tenderness into religion. The faithful no longer contemplate merely a theological mystery, they are moved by affectionate devotion to the Babe of Bethlehem, realized as an actual living child, God indeed, yet feeling the cold of winter, the roughness of the manger bed.
St. Francis, it must be remembered, was not a man of high birth, but the son of a silk merchant, and his appeal was made chiefly to the traders and skilled workmen of the cities, who, in his day, were rising to importance, coming, in modern Socialist terms, to class-consciousness. The monks, although boys of low birth were sometimes admitted into the cloister, were in sympathy one with the upper classes, and monastic religion and culture were essentially aristocratic. The rise of the Franciscans meant the bringing home of Christianity to masses of town-workers, homely people, who needed a religion full of vivid humanity, and whom the pathetic story of the Nativity would peculiarly touch.
Love to man, the sense of human brotherhood—that was the great thing which St. Francis brought home to his age. The message, certainly, was not new, but he realized it with infectious intensity. The second great commandment, " Thou shalt love thy neighbour as thyself," had not indeed been forgotten by | <urn:uuid:8a545dd5-53a9-4d2c-a11c-24e34df4419d> | {
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Lesson 29: A Long Time Ago
Anna: Hello! In Washington, D.C., there are many places that bring history to life. But people who live here often do not have time to see them. They are too busy with work -- like me. Hi, Marsha!
Marsha: Hi, Anna! Have a seat.
Anna: Thanks. This was a good idea. Working outdoors is nice.
Marsha: Um-hum, it is.
Anna: I am tired. Today was a busy day at work. And I still have work to do!
Marsha: Hmm, that's too bad.
Anna: How are you these days?
Marsha: I'm really busy too, Anna. Let's get to work.
Anna: Marsha, look! That bus has a photo of Abraham Lincoln!
Marsha: That's an advertisement for Ford's Theatre. They have a new show.
Anna: They have shows where Abraham Lincoln died?
Marsha: Yeah, it's a working theater and a museum.
Anna: I love Lincoln. You know, Marsha, that advertisement reminds me of something.
Marsha: Um-hum. What's that?
Anna: When I was a little girl ... When I was a little girl ... I was not like other children.
Marsha: Um-hum, I can believe that.
Anna's voice: I was tall, serious child. At the playground the other children played silly games. They played with dart guns. They played on the swings, the slide and the teeter-totter. They also played ball But not me. I loved to read serious books about U.S. presidents.
Anna: In fact, I wanted to be ... don't laugh ... President of the United States.
Anna: Stop! I know it's a silly childhood dream.
Marsha: I'm sorry. It's not silly. Guess what I wanted to be?
Marsha: I wanted to be... an astronaut.
Marsha's Voice: When I was a kid, I studied the stars and planets. I wanted to fly into outer space!
Anna: You know, Marsha, childhood dreams are really important.
Marsha: They are. And it's good to remember them.
Anna: Hey! I have an idea. Let's go.
Marsha: Go where?
Anna: Let's go make our childhood dreams come true.
Marsha: We're going to the Air & Space Museum! Yes!
Anna: No. We're going to see a show at Ford's Theatre just like Abraham Lincoln! It's not far from here.
Marsha: Uh huh. That is your childhood dream.
Anna: Good point. Okay, next week, we'll come here and be astronauts.
Anna: Tonight we are seeing a show at Ford's Theatre, where a man shot President Abraham Lincoln. This is history come to life ... and a childhood dream come true! Until next time ... | <urn:uuid:19d5786c-8960-420b-b097-4636f1b4912e> | {
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With a population of over 10,000 in 1864, Virginia City was the largest town in the inland Northwest. The communities strung out along Alder Gulch were known as the "Fourteen-mile City."
The 2nd most commonly asked question here in Virginia City is: How many people live here now? According to the latest population survey... 132 very hardy souls.
Research shows that people have lived in southwest Montana for the past 12,000 years. Some of the native tribes that lived in, hunted in, or traveled through the area include: Shoshoni, Bannock, Cree, Salish, Crow, Kootenai, Pend d'Oreille, Nez Perce, and Blackfeet. Southwestern Montana was designated as common hunting ground for the Blackfeet and other tribes in 1855. Trappers, miners, homesteaders and ranchers displaced in a few decades the hunting and gathering way of life that had existed here for thousands of years.
The gold rush in Alder Gulch produced the largest amount of placer gold in the Northwest an estimated $120 million. Placer gold mining, or free gold prospecting, should not be confused with hard rock gold mining. Placer mining involves dust, flakes, and nuggets, while hard rock mining involves veins of ore.
Alder Gulch yielded an estimated $30 million in gold just in the three short years between 1863 and 1866, but not everyone got rich here. The typical miner at Alder Gulch struggled, got blisters and a sore back, and barely made living wages. They would often work a few days at one job and soon quit to try another.
Alder Gulch garnets were made into jewelry during the early 1900's.
Some small-scale mining operations continue to this day, and evidence of past mining operations are visible everywhere - prospect pits, trenches, shafts, adits (generally collapsed tunnels), mill tailings, and waste-rock dumps scatter the hills of Virginia City.
Virginia City was one of the main Montana stations of Ben Holladay's Overland Mail & Express Company between 1863 and 1866, later incorporated into the Wells Fargo stage coaching empire.
Western miners came from the California gold rush to Virginia City traveling up the Columbia River and overland on the Mullan Road during the 1860's. Businessmen and homesteaders traveled the Bozeman Trail, portions of which have recently been named to the National Register of Historic Places.
Camels arrived in Virginia City in 1865 for freighting. Electricity arrived in Virginia City in 1892 for lighting.
The first public school in Montana opened in Virginia City in 1866. The Madison County Courthouse was built in 1876. The first company of the Montana National Guard organized in Virginia City in 1885.
The first newspaper in the territory, the Montana Post, printed its first issue in August of 1864. Today's local newspaper, the Madisonian, began publication in 1873.
Merchants established the first businesses in Virginia City in wagons, tents, and wickiups (brush shacks) during the summer of 1863. Gold dust was the preferred medium of exchange, which was valued at $16 - $18/ounce.
The occupants of many of the buildings in Virginia City changed frequently, especially during the boom years of the 1860's. Buildings were converted from residential to commercial and back again quite often.
Virginia City was the outfitting point for trips to the Yellowstone area during the 1860's and 1870's, and Virginia City served as the first administrative site for the park when it was designated as America's first National Park in 1872.
Virginia City became the capitol of the Montana Territory in 1865. Thomas Meagher was the acting governor that year. Today, the capitol of Montana is in Helena; our governor's name is Steve Bullock.
The first theatre company was formed in Virginia City in 1864. Today's Virginia City Players were formed in 1948 by a gentleman named Larry Barsness for the purposes of providing entertainment to evening visitors.
During the 1860's and 1870's, Virginia City was known as the "Social City." Balls and dances were held for every occasion, and women's clubs provided place for literary pursuits, general self-improvement and the "reform of society."
Telephone service was established in Virginia City with 28 telephones in 1902. Cellular service finally arrived in June 2010.
Virginia City served as a regional marketplace throughout the 1880's and was tied to the international economy. Today, it is a regional attraction and draws visitors from the international community.
Virginia City was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1961 and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1966.
The displays in Virginia and Nevada Cities differ from other outdoor museums in that they are interspersed within a living community and house the largest collection of old-west artifacts outside of the Smithsonian.
Wallace Street has one of the finest collections of 1860's - early 1870's mining camp commercial architecture on its original site in the country.
Charles & Sue Bovey came to the area in 1944 and established the Historic Landmark Society, and later Bovey Restorations in 1972, to save and restore Virginia and Nevada Cities and to provide visitor services. In 1997, the State of Montana purchased the Bovey properties and established the Montana Heritage Commission to continue their work.
If you think your trip here was long, consider the journey of James P. Miller, an early resident of VC, who walked the 450 miles from Salt Lake City in May of 1865. The trip took him 16 days, and he was required to pay a $10 toll upon his arrival.
"There was nothing visible to remind a person in the slightest degree that it was Sunday. Every store, saloon, and dancing hall was in full blast." from The Road to Virginia City - the Diary of James P. Miller
"Rained, snowed, and hailed all day. Horrible weather and very cold." from The Road to Virginia City - the Diary of James P. Miller
"News arrived this P.M. of the attack of the stagecoach going east- by road agents. Four men killed, one missing- The road agents numbered about twenty. There is a mass meeting of the Vigilantes this evening." from The Road to Virginia City - the Diary of James P. Miller
"Up half past six. Snow three feet deep and still snowing." from The Road to Virginia City - the Diary of James P. Miller
"After supper, walked to the top of Burying Ground Hill (Boot Hill Cemetery) - I enjoyed a good cigar and watched the sunset, a beautiful spectacle away to the west as far as the eye would distinguish." from The Road to Virginia City - the Diary of James P. Miller
"Two men found 'hanging in the air' this morning up the gulch a little bit with a card on their backs on which were the words 'Hung by the Vigilance Committee for being road agents'" from The Road to Virginia City - the Diary of James P. Miller
"having used the fire water rather freely, felt the effects so much that I went to bed accordingly."
"Resolved on October 22, 1865, that from this date I do not spend a cent for foolish expenses such as Billiards, Drinking or Eating, Driving, Riding, Smoking, that I limit my monthly expenses for Dancing and Gifts to $10."
"Bought a 5 gallon keg of beer, which I propose to drink for my health. Cost $2 per gallon, resolution intact." from The Road to Virginia City - the Diary of James P. Miller
"Into the sleigh and started our ride - very crowded - about 18 inside. Rode all through the streets, Took possession of several saloons. Had a carousing time." from The Road to Virginia City - the Diary of James P. Miller
"Episcopal services in the morning. Methodist Sunday School at 2 P.M. and intended attending Presbyterian Meeting at night but, happening to be in the Occidental (Bar), I was unable to resist the temptation, losing about $20 in games and drinks." from The Road to Virginia City - the Diary of James P. Miller
"At about 8 o'clock, attracted my attention to a beautiful display of 'Aurora Borealis' or Northern Lights - the most beautiful I had ever beheld." from The Road to Virginia City - the Diary of James P. Miller | <urn:uuid:8b0c15fa-fb60-4fd9-b091-f17ab90086cd> | {
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One needn’t look very far to see predictions for all sorts of fabulous innovations that will change our lives soon. The pace of technology creation is accelerating and the transformation of entire industries is happening right before our eyes. No one denies that the world in 10 to 15 years will look very different than the one we are now in.
But what is driving these transformations? Most people would say technology. But as fast as technology is changing, so are patterns of behavior that drive demand. In the preface to this series on the future of innovation, the twin forces of design (possibilities driven by science and technology) and demand (wants driven by individual and collective needs and desires) provided the evolutionary forces that shape the artifacts we humans create. The fact is that creating new technology, and advancing the science that underlies it, is a human endeavor. So is the adoption of new outcomes and experiences and the changes in behavior that result.
The question to ask is what motivates people to create the science, transform it into technology, design it into artifacts and adopt and experience these new creations? In other words, what is the dynamic behind innovative actions and how is this dynamic going to change in the future?
In this series of articles we look at precisely this question, how is innovation itself going to change over the next decade or so. These articles will focus on how we, as individuals, communities and organizations, will change the ways we come up with the new things that will change our lives. What is clear even now is that the ways we innovate will change – and dramatically. As we create new artifacts that change our experience at work, play, leisure and learning, we are also altering the way we come up with new ideas and how we pursue these ideas to turn them into reality.
The concept of innovation has been around since the 16th century when the word ‘innovate’ was first coined from the Latin in-‘into’ + novare ‘make new’ (from novus ‘new’). Schumpeter discussed innovation in his early 20th century studies of creative disruption. In 1985, Drucker addressed innovation in his influential book ‘Innovation and Entrepreneurship’. But the actual study and implementation of innovation as a structured practice can trace its roots back to the early 1990’s with Geoffrey Moore’s 1991 book ‘Crossing the Chasm[i]’ and Clayton Christensen’s seminal ‘The Innovator’s Dilemma[ii]’ in 1997. Since 2000, the pace of writing, consulting and creation of innovation practices has increased at an exponential rate.
The growth and maturity of innovation as a practice can be compared to an analogous practice that saw early theory and experiment turn into universal adoption. That analogous practice is the Quality movement. The quality movement today is manifested in standard practices such a 6-sigma, lean manufacturing and kaizen that are an absolute requirement for any company making goods and services. If an organization does not have a quality system, it will not survive. At its beginnings, however, the quality movement looked very much like the innovation movement looks today. Starting with Taylor[iii] and his time and motion studies in the early 1900s the study and practice of quality continued with Demming[iv] and Juran[v] starting in Japan in the post WW2 era and moving to the US in the 1970’s and 80’s and culminating with the near universal adoption of 6-Sigma practices[vi] first adopted by Motorola and others in the 80’s and 90’s. Figure 1 shows an approximation of the emergence and growth of both the quality movement and the innovation movement.
Figure 1 – The Emergence and Growth of the Quality and the Innovation Movements
Today, no executive would ever suggest that a company’s quality or NPD processes and systems be dismantled or cut back no matter what the financial circumstance of the company. Yet this is what happens routinely with front-end innovation processes and systems.
Innovation practice, like everything else today, is moving at a faster pace than the quality movement did in the 20th century. Even so, it is virtually certain that we are still in the early, exponentially changing stages of innovation practice. The pace of change in the introduction of new processes, methods and tools for innovation, is accelerating. From the introduction of Open Innovation to Business Model innovation to Test and Learn methods and tools, new ways of doing innovation are being developed and introduced at a very rapid pace. The implication of this is that it is fruitless to try and instill innovation best practices since this year’s best practice will be next year’s standard practice and the following year’s obsolete practice. Instead one should strive to create innovation next practices, building on what has been done before but extending and enhancing the processes, methods and tools we use to innovate. This is called innovating innovation. As the creators and purveyors of the practice of innovation, we are in our maximal growth phase and it is interesting to look into the near future and see what might transpire.
When people think about innovation, they implicitly think about the future. But what people naturally tend to think about are the innovations of the future, not how innovation will be done in the future. If the world is rapidly transforming in virtually every domain, why would it not transform in the ways innovation is done? Of course it would. What would this involve?
- How we discover – the ways in which we (or our machines) learn new information, see patterns, uncover important signals of change and separate them from the noise
- How we predict – the ways we model the world and see how futures can unfold. Our ability to understand complex systems.
- How we create – the ways we do science, create technologies, craft designs and develop business models
- How we organize – the ways we structure and operate the collective entities that bring our artifacts into existence and make them available to the world
- How we adopt – the ways we pay attention to, acquire and start using new artifacts
- How we adapt – the ways we change our behaviors due to our experiences with the artifacts we create
Thinking about the future of innovation must focus on the above questions. The answers are not about specific offerings or business models, the answers are about how we think, create, design and assess increasingly complex patterns of data and information. The answers are about how we organize ourselves to develop, produce and deliver the artifacts we want and that our artifacts want. For we are entering a world where the things we create are becoming increasingly automated and intelligent and it is not a far stretch to think about what our artifacts themselves want.
Figure 2 illustrates a simple model of the framework we will use to think about the future of innovation.
Figure 2 – A framework for discussing the future of innovation
In this framework, there are three intersecting complex systems:
- People – how individuals will act as both creators and adopters
- Organizations[viii] – how individuals will organize themselves into collective entities and how these collective entities will evolve their structures and behaviors as distinct from individuals
- Artifacts – how the things we create act and interact and evolve over time to influence each other and influence people and organizations
How these systems operate, evolve and interact with each other provides the basis for creating the scenarios that let us gain insight on the future of innovation.
[i] Moore, Geoffrey; Crossing the Chasm; HarperBusiness; 3rd edition (2014)
[ii] Christensen, Clayton; The Innovator’s Dilemma; Harvard Business Review Press; Reprint edition (November 19, 2013)
[iii] Taylor, Frederick Winslow; The Principles of Scientific Management; 1911; New York, NY, US and London, UK: Harper & Brothers.
[iv] Deming, W. Edwards, 1950 Lecture to Japanese Management
[v] Juran, Joseph, 1954 Lectures to Japanese Executives, published in Quality Management Journal; vol. 15, no. 3; 2008
[vi] Akpose, Wole; A History of 6-sigma; IEEE
[vii] O’Connor, Gina Grabbing Lightning; Jossey-Bass; 2008
[viii] The definition of the term ‘artifact’ includes an organization (i.e.it is a human creation). It better serves the purposes of understanding the future of innovation to treat organizations as a special type of artifact deserving of its own complex system. | <urn:uuid:3e104372-f8b1-43d8-84cb-341307b95d22> | {
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State of the Weather
It is summer time in the US and, of course, it is warm. But how bad or good is it compared to the past and what bodes for the future? The average temperature for the contiguous U.S. during June was 71.2°F, which is 2.0°F above the 20th century average. The June temperatures contributed to a record-warm first half of the year and the warmest 12-month period the nation has experienced since recordkeeping began in 1895. The nation, as a whole, experienced its tenth driest June on record, with a nationally-averaged precipitation total of 2.27 inches, 0.62 inch below average.
It was not hotter everywhere. Based on preliminary data, temperatures in the Northeast averaged 65.4 degrees F (18.6 degrees C), which was normal. For the first time since October, mean temperatures in June were below average across most of the Southeast region.
Rainfall varied significantly depending on where you lived. Overall the northeast was normal. With 176 percent of normal, Maine had it’s 4th wettest June in 118 years, while West Virginia experienced its 11 driest June since 1895. Maine was one of four states with above normal rainfall totals - New Hampshire, New Jersey and Rhode Island were the other three. Departures in the dry states ranged from 62 percent of normal in West Virginia to 97 percent of normal in Connecticut and Vermont.
It is in the west where local wild fires have been d=fueld by dry conditins where it is particularly hot and dry. The largest temperature departures occurred in an area encompassing the panhandle of Nebraska, eastern Wyoming, eastern Colorado, and northwestern Kansas where the departures from normal temperature ranged from 6.0-10.0 degrees F (3.3-5.6 degrees C) above normal. The only areas in the Region to have lower than normal temperatures were northwest Wyoming and a few pockets of North Dakota. The warm pattern caused many locations across the Region to be ranked in the top 10 warmest Junes on record. Colorado Springs, Colorado had its warmest June on record with an average temperature of 73.2 degrees F which was 8.1 degrees F above normal.
Precipitation was significantly lacking in all but a few isolated areas of the High Plains Region this month. Most of Colorado, Wyoming, Nebraska, and Kansas received less than 50 percent of normal precipitation. There were even large areas of the Region that received less than 5 percent of normal precipitation, including western and central Wyoming, northwest Colorado, and central Nebraska.
According to the U.S. Seasonal Drought outlook released on June 21st, drought conditions were expected to improve only in eastern North Dakota and the far northwest corner of South Dakota. Current areas of drought in Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, and Wyoming were expected to persist, while drought was expected to develop in eastern Nebraska and southern South Dakota.
According to the U.S. Drought Monitor, as of July 3, 56.0 percent of the contiguous U.S. experienced drought conditions, marking the largest percentage of the nation experiencing drought conditions in the 12-year record of the U.S. Drought Monitor. Drought conditions improved across Florida, due to the rains from Tropical Storm Debby. Drought conditions worsened across much of the West, Central Plains, and the Ohio Valley, causing significant impacts on agriculture in those regions.
Now for a different point of view consider Alaska where it has been wet and cold. There wet and cold records were set.
For further weather results see NOAA.
Bad Weather image via Wikipedia. | <urn:uuid:363f7d9c-9586-462a-9405-60604c076f44> | {
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This resource also includes:
- Join to access all included materials
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CISPA: The Cliffnotes Version
If you spend a lot of time online, especially on Facebook, you should definitely know what CISPA is. The Cyber Intelligence Sharing and Protection Act is that little piece of paper that allows/requires technology companies to share the information they’ve harvested from their customers with the United States Government. It’s meant to protect the United States government and private companies from cyber attacks. With terrorism infiltrated every aspect of our lives, the government wants access to more information and the ability to stop potential cyber attacks.
What It Is
In the event of a cyber attack, CISPA allows for voluntary sharing of information between private companies and the government. This is meant to go both ways, the government can notify Google or Facebook, for example, if they saw a cyber attack in the works, and those companies could notify the government if they saw unusual activity as well. This is a huge win for the government because private companies, including both Google and Facebook have much more information, and highly advanced means of gathering more.
When It Started
Last April, the House passed CISPA, and we heard a lot about this SOPA/PIPA-esque bill. The media coverage eventually died off when CISPA never made it through the Senate and the White House didn’t show any support.
Why It’s Controversial
It all comes down the fear of Big Brother. CISPA doesn’t give the most specific regulations about information sharing, so there’s a chance that all of those emails you allowed Google to read, or the illegal songs you let iTunes’ Genius know about might be fair game to the government. We’ve come a long way with Internet privacy, and CISPA has a clause in it that would override just about
Why It’s Back in the News
The congressmen responsible for the bill were catching a lot of backlash due to this vague wording, and introduced an amendment that would require the government to make any shared information anonymous. There are currently a number of amendments being proposed in an effort to sway the Senate and the White House. These include one that offers a lot of vague descriptions about information sharing for some kind of national security. After the mayhem with North Korea, and the crazy Boston Marathon scare, Americans and the media are on high alert. It’s back in the news because these amendments were recently added, and because the media is really good at capturing the public’s fear and glorifying it.
Who Supports It
CISPA is pretty different from SOPA and PIPA, despite the many similarities drawn by the media. There are many companies that actually show full support for this bill, including AT&T, IBM, Verizon, and more. At first, even Facebook showed support, but changed their tune mid-2012. It’s anyone’s guess whether this will actually gain enough support to pass, but it’s interesting enough that some major companies are supporting this open sharing of private information. Would customers choose different companies knowing that some are more willing to hand over their personal information? Or would they choose those companies because they seem more prepared to guard their company and customers against cyber attacks? We can’t be sure.
Finally, the real reason why people are arguing about this bill right now is the most recent amendment. There’s a chance that this bill will let employers REQUIRE their employees’ passwords to social media sites such as Facebook. A last-minute amendment was made to ban this, but was shut down by the House. While many of us monitor our own activities on social networks because of our jobs, the idea that we’d have to fork over our actual ACCESS to those networks is pretty preposterous.
Well, folks, there you have it. CISPA in summary. | <urn:uuid:1dee4837-f039-409f-a5ef-004b9bbeb419> | {
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Navyna•vy (nā′vē),USA pronunciation n., pl. -vies.
- the whole body of warships and auxiliaries belonging to a country or ruler.
- (often cap.) the complete body of such warships together with their officers and enlisted personnel, equipment, yards, etc., constituting the sea power of a nation.
- (often cap.) the department of government charged with its management.
- See navy blue.
- [Archaic.]a fleet of ships.
Blueblue (blo̅o̅),USA pronunciation n., adj., blu•er, blu•est, v., blued, blu•ing or blue•ing.
- the pure color of a clear sky;
the primary color between green and violet in the visible spectrum, an effect of light with a wavelength between 450 and 500 nm.
- something having a blue color: Place the blue next to the red.
- a person who wears blue or is a member of a group characterized by some blue symbol: Tomorrow the blues will play the browns.
- (often cap.) a member of the Union army in the American Civil War or the army itself. Cf. gray (def. 13).
- See blue ribbon (def. 1).
- any of several blue-winged butterflies of the family Lycaenidae.
- the blue:
- the sky.
- the sea.
- the remote distance: They've vanished into the blue somewhere.
- out of the blue, suddenly and unexpectedly: The inheritance came out of the blue as a stroke of good fortune.
- of the color of blue: a blue tie.
- (cap.) of or pertaining to the Union army in the American Civil War.
- (of the skin) discolored by cold, contusion, fear, or vascular collapse.
- depressed in spirits;
melancholy: She felt blue about not being chosen for the team.
- holding or offering little hope;
bleak: a blue outlook.
- characterized by or stemming from rigid morals or religion: statutes that were blue and unrealistic.
- marked by blasphemy: The air was blue with oaths.
- (of an animal's pelage) grayish-blue.
risqué: a blue joke or film.
- blue in the face, exhausted and speechless, as from excessive anger, physical strain, etc.: I reminded him about it till I was blue in the face.
- to make blue;
dye a blue color.
- to tinge with bluing: Don't blue your clothes till the second rinse.
- to become or turn blue.
Roundround1 (round),USA pronunciation adj., -er, -est, n., adv., prep., v.
- having a flat, circular surface, as a disk.
- ring-shaped, as a hoop.
- curved like part of a circle, as an outline.
- having a circular cross section, as a cylinder;
- spherical or globular, as a ball.
- shaped more or less like a part of a sphere;
- free from angularity;
consisting of full, curved lines or shapes, as handwriting or parts of the body.
- executed with or involving circular motion.
- full, complete, or entire: a round dozen.
- noting, formed, or expressed by an integer or whole number with no fraction.
- expressed, given, or exact to the nearest multiple or power of ten;
in tens, hundreds, thousands, or the like: in round numbers.
- roughly correct;
approximate: a round guess.
- considerable in amount;
ample: a round sum of money.
- brought to completeness or perfection.
- full and sonorous, as sound.
- vigorous or brisk: a round trot.
- straightforward, plain, or candid;
outspoken: a round scolding.
- positive or unqualified: a round assertion.
- any round shape, as a circle, ring or sphere.
- a circular, ring-shaped, curved, or spherical object;
a rounded form.
- something circular in cross section, as a rung of a ladder or chair.
- Sometimes, rounds. a completed course of time, series of events or operations, etc., ending at a point corresponding to that at the beginning: We waited through the round of many years.
- any complete course, series, or succession: The strike was settled after a long round of talks; a round of parties.
- Often, rounds. a going around from place to place, as in a habitual or definite circuit: a doctor's rounds.
- a completed course or spell of activity, commonly one of a series, in some play or sport: the second round of a tournament.
- a recurring period of time, succession of events, duties, etc.: the daily round.
- an entire range: the round of human capabilities.
- a single outburst, as of applause or cheers.
- a single discharge of shot by each of a number of guns, rifles, etc.
- a single discharge by one firearm.
- a charge of ammunition for a single shot.
- a single serving, esp. of drink, made more or less simultaneously to everyone present, as at table or at a bar: The next round is on me.
- See round dance.
- movement in a circle or around an axis.
- Also, round of beef. the portion of the thigh of beef below the rump and above the leg. See diag. under beef.
- See round steak.
- a slice, as of bread.
- [Archery.]a specified number of arrows shot from a specified distance from the target in accordance with the rules.
- one of a series of three-minute periods making up a boxing match: a 15-round bout.
- a short, rhythmical canon at the unison, in which the several voices enter at equally spaced intervals of time.
- rounds, the order followed in ringing a peal of bells in diatonic sequence from the highest to the lowest.
- [Golf.]a playing of the complete course.
- [Cards.]a division of play in a game, consisting of a turn each for every player to bid, bet, play a card, deal the cards, or be dealt cards.
- in the round:
- (of a theater) having a stage completely surrounded by seats for the audience.
- in the style of theater-in-the-round: The play should be done in the round.
- in complete detail;
from all aspects: a character as seen in the round.
- (of sculpture) not attached to a supporting background;
- make the rounds:
- to go from one place to another, as in making deliveries, paying social visits, or seeking employment.
- Also, go the rounds. to be reported or told;
circulate: another rumor making the rounds.
- throughout or from the beginning to the end of a recurring period of time: all year round.
- Also, 'round. around: The music goes round and round.
- throughout (a period of time): a resort visited all round the year.
- around: It happened round noon.
- to make round.
- to free from angularity;
fill out symmetrically;
- to bring to completeness or perfection;
- to form (a gem) roughly (sometimes fol. by up);
- to end (a sentence, paragraph, etc.) with something specified: He rounded his speech with a particularly apt quotation.
- to encircle or surround.
- to make a complete circuit of;
pass completely around.
- to make a turn or partial circuit around or to the other side of: to round a corner.
- to cause to move in a circle;
- to make the opening at (the lips) relatively round or pursed during an utterance.
- to pronounce (a speech sound, esp. a vowel) with rounded lips;
- to contract (the lips) laterally. Cf. spread (def. 14), unround.
- to replace by the nearest multiple of 10, with 5 being increased to the next highest multiple: 15,837 can be rounded to 15,840;
then to 15,800;
then to 16,000.
- to become round.
- to become free from angularity;
- to develop to completeness or perfection.
- to take a circular course;
make a circuit, as a guard.
- to make a turn or partial circuit around something.
- to turn around as on an axis: to round on one's heels.
- to reduce successively the number of digits to the right of the decimal point of a mixed number by dropping the final digit and adding 1 to the next preceding digit if the dropped digit was 5 or greater, or leaving the preceding digit unchanged if the dropped digit was 4 or less.
- round off:
- to complete or perfect;
- to express as a round number, usually to the nearest multiple of 10.
- round out:
- to complete or perfect: The new coin rounded out his collection.
- to fill out;
become rounder: She rounded out so nicely that everyone soon forgot she had been so ill.
- round to, [Naut.]to turn a sailing vessel in the direction from which the wind is blowing.
- round up:
- to drive or bring (cattle, sheep, etc.) together.
- to assemble;
gather: to round up all the suspects in an investigation.
Rugrug (rug),USA pronunciation n.
- a thick fabric for covering part of a floor, often woven of wool and often having an oblong shape with a border design. Cf. carpet.
- the treated skin of an animal, used as a floor covering: a bear rug.
- [Chiefly Brit.]a piece of thick, warm cloth, used as a coverlet, lap robe, etc.
- cut a rug, [Older Slang.]to dance, esp. to jitterbug.
Lowlow1 (lō),USA pronunciation adj., -er, -est, adv., -er, -est, n.
- situated, placed, or occurring not far above the ground, floor, or base: a low shelf.
- of small extent upward;
not high or tall: A low wall surrounds the property.
- not far above the horizon, as a planet: The moon was low in the sky.
- lying or being below the general level: low ground.
- designating or pertaining to regions near sea level, esp. near the sea: low countries.
- bending or passing far downward;
deep: a low bow.
- (of a garment) low-necked;
décolleté: The dress she wore was fashionably low.
- rising but slightly from a surface: a low relief on a frieze.
- of less than average or normal height or depth, as a liquid or stream: The river is low this time of year.
- near the first of a series: a low number.
- ranked near the beginning or bottom on some scale of measurement: a low income bracket.
- indicating the bottom or the point farthest down: the low point in his creative life.
- lacking in strength, energy, or vigor;
weak: to feel low and listless.
- providing little nourishment or strength, as a diet.
- of small number, amount, degree, force, intensity, etc.: low visibility; a generator with a low output.
- indicated or represented by a low number: A low latitude is one relatively near the equator.
- soft: subdued;
not loud: a low murmur.
- produced by relatively slow vibrations, as sounds;
grave in pitch.
- assigning or attributing little worth, value, excellence, or the like: a low estimate of a new book.
- containing a relatively small amount: a diet low in starches.
- nearing depletion;
not adequately supplied: low on funds; Our stock of towels is low.
- depressed or dejected: low spirits.
- far down in the scale of rank or estimation;
humble: of low birth.
- of inferior quality or character: a low grade of fabric; a low type of intellect.
- lacking in dignity or elevation, as of thought or expression.
- mean, base, or disreputable: low tricks; low companions.
- coarse or vulgar: entertainment of a low sort.
- [Boxing.]struck or delivered below a contestant's belt.
- having a relatively simple structure;
not complex in organization.
- (of a vowel) articulated with a relatively large opening above the tongue, as the vowels of hat, hut, hot, ought, etc. Cf. high (def. 23).
- of, pertaining to, or operating at the gear transmission ratio at which the drive shaft moves at the lowest speed with relation to the speed of the engine crankshaft, used esp. for temporarily overcoming the weight or inertia of the vehicle;
first: low gear.
- [Baseball.](of a pitched ball) passing the plate at a level below that of the batter's knees: a low curve.
- [Cards.]having less value than other cards: a low card.
- having a relatively small amount of a specified constituent (usually used in combination): low-carbon steel.
- [Chiefly Brit.]holding to Low Church principles and practices.
- in or to a low position, point, degree, etc.: The raiders crouched low in the bushes.
- near the ground, floor, or base;
not aloft: The plane flew low.
- in or to a humble or abject state: Some live low while others live high. She swore she would bring him low.
- in or to a condition of depletion, prostration, or death: The gas in the tank is running low.
- at comparatively small cost;
cheaply: to buy something low and sell it high.
- at or to a low pitch, volume, intensity, etc.: to turn the radio low; lights turned down low.
- in a low tone;
to speak low.
- [Archaic.]far down in time;
- lay low:
- to overpower or kill;
defeat: to lay one's attackers low.
- to knock down;
- [Informal.]to lie low.
- lie low:
- to conceal oneself: He had to lie low for a while.
- to do nothing until the right opportunity develops;
bide one's time: Until the dispute is settled, you would do best to lie low.
- something that is low, as ground or prices: numerous marshy lows in the forest; the recent low in the stock market.
- low gear;
- an atmospheric low-pressure system;
cyclone. Cf. high (def. 41).
- the lowest trump card.
- a card of small value, or of lower value than other cards.
- the lowest score in a game.
- a player having such a score.
- a point of deepest decline, vulgarity, etc.: a new low in tastelessness.
- a period of intense depression or discomfort, when the effects of a drug have subsided.
Hi guys, this image is about Navy Blue Round Rug Photo Gallery #8 FLÖNG Rug, Low Pile. It is a image/jpeg and the resolution of this file is 1680 x 1680. It's file size is only 562 KB. Wether You desired to download It to Your computer, you can Click here. You may too download more photos by clicking the following picture or see more at this post: Navy Blue Round Rug.
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- the space size, feel and shade of the surfaces, large ceilings along with the colour of the furniture ought to be your first consideration whenever choosing colors for the ground. For that final design to achieve success ought to be contrasting shades,
- the newest flooring should match the timber surfaces that are present to maintain the house's reliability and movement,
- Avoid using dark floor in a small space with dim surfaces - it'll create the area more heavy and gloomy (see how floors made from black timber)
- Dark shades enhance the other components of decor's warmth,
- In areas with minimal ceilings go for lightcolored floors and walls,
- Dark and black hues are a preferred selection for painters' studios, contemporary decorations and elegant
- Contaminated in the event that you favor a vintage look standard brown shade or pure wood which can be great,
- Colour depth and strong (numerous shades of reddish: cherry and ash Jatoba or stained in the same colour) that is ideal for industrial rooms, workplaces along with other significant places where a floor becomes a key part of the decor,
- red and brown timber shades that are Warm will make your room comfortable,
- floor that is dull and White will make your bedroom large,
- Go when the power to hide a small dent and scrapes are a must for natural tinted wood floor in matt end,
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For many children, moving into a bed of their own is a mark of maturity. After years of sleeping in a crib or sharing a room with their parents, they suddenly have their own cozy space for restful sleeping, daydreaming, reading, doing their homework when they are older, or just enjoying some quiet alone time. Even in a shared room, one’s own bed is an important asset. But not all children – especially those living in poverty – have that luxury. We partner with Southern Indiana schools in hopes of providing bed frames, mattresses, sheets, blankets, pillows, and laundry bags to children that need them. We know that a good night’s sleep is important to a child’s academic success. Adverse effects caused by lack of sleep can include aggressive behavior and bullying, poor grades, short attention span, and disruptions in cognitive and linguistic function. Something as simple as providing children with their own place to rest, however, can improve overall performance in school. Getting enough sleep can support more creativity, enhance mood, fight sickness, and positively impact overall health.
2023 Build-a-Bed Sponsors: | <urn:uuid:4b0658e7-3101-4e7e-99fb-5568495ecc8d> | {
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The spread of two newly discovered subvariants has doctors watching closely. New York Times piece on our work, 4 May 2022.
By Alexandra E. Petri, Published May 2, 2022, Updated May 4, 2022
Coronavirus cases are surging again in South Africa, and public health experts are monitoring the situation, eager to know what’s driving the spike, what it says about immunity from previous infections and what its implications are globally.
South Africa experienced a decline in cases after hitting an Omicron-fueled, pandemic peak in December. But in the past week, cases have tripled, positivity rates are up and hospitalizations have also increased, health officials said. The surge has the country facing a possible fifth wave.
The spike is linked to BA.4 And BA.5, two subvariants that are part of the Omicron family.
Tulio de Oliveira, director of South Africa’s KwaZulu-Natal Research and Innovation Sequencing Platform, said that BA.4 and BA.5 demonstrate how the virus is evolving differently as global immunity increases.
'What we are seeing now, or at least maybe the first signs, is not completely new variants emerging, but current variants are starting to create lineages of themselves,' Dr. de Oliveira said. Since its initial identification in South Africa and Botswana last November, Omicron has produced several subvariants.
Some scientists are trying to understand what the BA.4 and BA.5 spike in South Africa, which is concentrated mainly in the Gauteng, Western Cape and KwaZulu-Natal provinces, says about immunity from previous Omicron infections. The highly contagious Omicron variant first appeared in South Africa late last year, then quickly spread globally.
In South Africa, researchers estimate about 90 percent of the population has some immunity, in part from inoculation but largely because of previous infection. Yet immunity from infection typically begins to wane at around three months. It’s natural to see re-infection at this stage, particularly given people’s changing behaviors, like less mask-wearing and traveling more, said Dr. Ali Mokdad, an epidemiologist at the University of Washington, and formerly of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Emerging data show that in unvaccinated people, BA.4 and BA.5 evades natural defenses produced from an infection with the original Omicron variant, known as BA.1, which sent case counts skyrocketing in South Africa last winter, Dr. de Oliveira said. The result is symptomatic infections with the new subvariants.
'That is the reason why it is starting to fuel a wave in South Africa,' Dr. de Oliveira said.
Scientists are still studying whether this new wave creates milder or more severe illness, and it is unclear if the two subvariants could surge elsewhere in the world.
'We’re at an awkward global moment where the past can’t really predict the future,' said Dr. Kavita Patel, a primary care physician who led the pandemic preparedness response for the H1N1 swine flu virus during the Obama administration.
The familiar patterns — a wave in one country means another wave elsewhere — no longer necessarily work like clockwork, Dr. Patel said. But monitoring situations and data coming out of countries like South Africa offers reliable signals to understanding the virus’s evolution.
Currently, another Omicron subvariant, BA.2, is dominant in the United States, with BA.2.12.1 gaining speed as well although public health officials have identified BA.4 and BA.5 circulating at low levels.
Whatever the dominant variant, 'the lesson here is stopping transmission is the most important,' said Dr. Eric Feigl-Ding, an epidemiologist who is the chief of the Covid-19 task force at the World Health Network.
News date: 2022-05-04
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Sir Thomas Dale
Dale, Sir Thomas, d.1619, acting governor (May–Aug., 1611, 1614–16) of the Virginia colony. Sent by the London Company to restore order, he arrived (1611) in Virginia with three ships of settlers and governed until another fleet under Sir Thomas Gates arrived four months later. When Governor Gates departed (1614) Dale again ruled. Although Dale's administration was severe, famines, epidemics, insubordination, and Indian attacks were overcome; private holdings were instituted; cultivation of tobacco was begun; and the colony was settled in a more favorable location at Henrico. Upon his return to England, Dale received command of a fleet bound for India, fought the Dutch en route, and died soon after arrival.
The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved.
More on Sir Thomas Dale from Fact Monster:
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To perform classification on remotely sensed imagery data, a small number of pixels or fields need to be labelled. It has been found that this labelling task requires many auxiliary materials such as crop calendar, soil data, cropping practice and a weather summary. This task is at the present time manually performed by photo-interpreters. It is time-consuming and liable to human error. The paper describes a computer based interactive color display system for assisting photointerpreters. Its objective is to reduce contact time and to increase labelling accuracy. This system has been designed to extract features from a temporal series of MSS data and to display these features using color graphic techniques. Special attention was paid to convert crop calendar information to quantitative information consistent with observed data. More specifically, descriptive crop phenology on a crop calendar was converted into quantitative growth index curves, to which observed features derived from MSS data are directly comparable. This system has been designed for feasibility demonstration only and although it is still in the evolutionary stage, it has already demonstrated that the method to be presented offers an effective solution to alleviating many problems associated with the current manual labelling process.
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Unformatted text preview: must generally be a readily accepted understanding of the meaning of a series of sounds. Communication is fundamental to any form of organizing, but it is preeminent in virtual organizations. Without communication, the boundary-spanning among virtual entities would not be possible. Electronic communication enables parties to link across distance, time, culture, departments, and organizations. During the encounter, attention to verbal and non-verbal communication, understanding different participants’ backgrounds and communication styles can all help teams capture the productivity improvements associated with effective team operations. Ultimately, the increased productivity that results from developing a range of communications protocols for different situations, circumstances and audiences is likely to be well worth the effort....
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- Spring '08
- Non-verbal communication, TAO GUO | <urn:uuid:1f58e548-5fb5-4476-aba0-85d15e61368d> | {
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Like Sebrone Johnson and Jeff Smink in their recent essay supporting statewide standardized tests, we want all the students in New York’s schools to succeed.
However, we differ in how to achieve those goals and the role of high-stakes testing. Research and our experience tells us that high-stakes testing undermines efforts to improve equity, parent engagement, and student success by diverting our attention from developing educational and social reforms that increase learning.
Rather than having one test for all, we propose using multiple measures to assess students and teachers.
We agree that more can be done to improve student achievement for students who live in poverty. However, we don’t need statewide annual tests to tell us this. We know it from the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) and our own experience in schools.
In addition, the state’s annual exams don’t tell us what Johnson and Smink think they tell us. Teachers do not know all the types of questions and the results are reported too late to be of any instructional use. Moreover, because student scores are highly correlated with family income, the scores mostly tell us the average family income in the district, something we already know from census data. Low test scores can also be directly associated with the institutional and structural racism Blacks and Hispanics have suffered over the past several hundred years.
There are dozens of studies showing how high-stakes testing undermines good teaching as teachers focus on test prep and teaching as a profession. Nationally and locally teacher education programs report declining enrollments and veteran teachers are leaving the profession at a higher rate than usual.
Instead, we should focus on alternatives to high-stakes testing. Daniel Koretz, professor of education at the Harvard, in his new book The Testing Charade: Pretending to Make Schools Better, details, without jargon, how high-stakes testing harms rather than improves education. We note that while Koretz would eliminate high-stakes testing, he defends standardized testing, such as the NAEP, which tells us how states are doing compared to past years and other states.
At the close of the book he details how to devise such a system. He pulls no punches and admits that developing an appropriate and beneficial assessment system is complicated. But he urges educators, parents, students, and community members to collaboratively investigate assessment systems and methods. Following his advice, the Rochester Coalition for Public Education and Writers and Books are organizing a series of events for fall 2018 where anyone who cares about education can work to improve assessment. Daniel Koretz will also join the discussion.
David Hursh is professor of education at the Warner Graduate School of Education at the University of Rochester and a member of the Rochester Coalition for Public Education; Bill Cala is past superintendent of the Fairport and past interim superintendent of the Rochester City School District; Eileen Graham is founder of Black Student Leadership, member of the Rochester Coalition for Public Education and steering committee member of the New York State Allies for Public Education. | <urn:uuid:74a4d9e2-db1a-4026-b8b9-7137234c6995> | {
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Igniting the Imagination of Youth In collaboration with SAATH (Gujarat) and Bandhan (Kolkata) at Sirsi, Western Ghats
Developing young community leaders for a sustainable tomorrow
Programme Purpose and Objectives:
- To provide an immersive experience that would increase participant’s knowledge, enhance their skills & develop passion for the environment while striving to provide ideas for conservation action.
- Connect participants with global, national and regional environmental sustainability issues and challenges.
- Provide hands on experience on scientific methods of collecting research data.
- Develop understanding of the role participants can play for a sustainable environment.
A programme by SABIC - India and Earthwatch Institute India
Creating a Platform for Experiential Learning in the 21st Century
Developing a School Network of Young Champions, who care for Urban Fresh water conservation and initiate actions within their school, community and their homes on water conservation and management and at the same time, get the opportunity to engage in some of the leading Earthwatch Expeditions in India
Project site: Biodiversity of the Okhla Wetland - An Important Bird Area (IBA) & Study Area
- The Okhla Wetland on the river Yamuna provides suitable habitats with plenty of open spaces, food and breeding grounds for a diverse variety of flora and fauna. Okhla Wetland has been designated as an Important Bird Area (IBA) by the Birdlife International. Urfi (2003) has compiled a list of 302 bird species from this site. An additional 27 species have been listed by Harris (2001) as probable. They need confirmation. During winters, between 14,000 and 20,000 water birds are recorded. This site qualifies in IBA A4iii criteria (i.e. the site is known or thought to hold 20,000 water birds)
- As the river Yamuna falls on the route of the migratory birds, a large number of them halt at the Okhla Barrage in winters. This water body renders good water levels along with suitable breeding and foraging grounds for migratory birds. According to the Indian Wildlife Club, an online nature club, over 300 species of birds (out of about 450 species recorded in and around Delhi) can be spotted here.
Long term field research project at Okhla –
Realising the pressing need for a conservation approach to urban freshwater bodies, a long term field research programme based on the Citizen Science model has been initiated by Earthwatch Institute India. Through this model, till date, opportunities have been created for citizens to contribute to water conservation by encouraging them to undertake research & monitoring, learn and disseminate conservation models that could conserve and save the water bodies.
WaterScope at Okhla based on Earthwatch’s Citizen Science model –
- The programme aimed at inspiring citizens and young people to value water resources understand the local freshwater challenge and take proactive action for water conservation and management was formally launched on October 15, 2014. Through this programme Earthwatch Institute and SABIC India have helped educate and involve students as volunteers in freshwater research through a participatory field programme. These student volunteers also called as the WaterScope Champions belong to different age groups and belong to not just the high end schools of the NCR but also from the schools which are charitable in nature, thus helping to encourage opportunities for children from low income families, to participate in this programme.
- By collecting water data and monitoring the freshwater bodies, these students are helping to address local water issues and the data collected by them is being used to help further strengthen the conservation of the fresh water-bodies.
- This ‘Citizen Science’ based experiential learning programme is aimed at developing young environmental leaders who will mainstream water conservation considerations into reality. This initiative has the potential to modify attitudes, beliefs, decisions and actions regarding environment and sustainability for these school students.
- To create awareness about importance of water conservation thereby leading to positive actions by students and teachers, the project has helped enhance participant’s understanding of the interlink between water quality and quantity as well as biodiversity.
- By working together in teams with leading Earthwatch scientists, students and teachers have gained firsthand experience by participating in a field research experiential learning module about water quality and have also further helped the participants to take actions for water conservation on their return from the programme
- The programme has thus helped create a number of action oriented participatory engagement opportunities for students and teachers from Delhi NCR region
- To connect students and teachers with global, national and regional water conservation challenges.
- To provide hands on experience on scientific methods to measure chemical parameters for water quality.
- To develop actions which students can take for water conservation.
- Deeper understanding of water related topics learnt as a part of school curriculum.
- Enhanced understanding of scientific methods used for monitoring of water quality.
- Ideas generated by students for individual and group action.
- Sensitized individuals who will take conscious decisions regarding direct and indirect consumption of water.
- Interactive resource material water challenges.
Expected individual actions by the WaterScope Champions:
- Monitoring and research on water quality and bird life.
- Understanding the linkages between water quality and its impact on ecosystems and biodiversity.
- Awareness and outreach to disseminate intricacies of ecosystem functioning such as how environmental drivers impact water quality.
- Movement for a participatory conservation practice.
- As sensitized community, the schools will take up sustainability projects within their school campuses. These projects will address the school centric goals on solving issues pertaining to environment sustainability and help them engage in a positive action.
- Earthwatch Institute will be the knowledge partner for them in this engagement and will handhold them and guide them – through on-site demonstrations, mobile application engagements (e.g. Frog Find App, Butterflies & Bees App, etc.).
- At the same time, the identified 160 WaterScope Student Champions will be the ambassadors for sensitizing the communities outside the school on the importance of freshwater and water conservation. | <urn:uuid:ba113734-f3f6-4532-82e1-c3e9105d1588> | {
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Women movement is defined as a broad campaigning women’s liberation and rights with respect to men. During Rana regime, Nepali women were excluded, dominated by multiple forms of gender inequalities with deprived of basic fundamental human rights. They were oriented by patriarchal norms, traditional practices, and discriminated by Muluki Ain (1854) ( FWLD, 2006). There was no equality in terms of rights and opportunities between men and women.Their participation and access to the socio-political and economic opportunity compared to men was negligible (Asian Development Bank, 1999). With aspiration of achieving gender equality and empowering women with respect to men and state, women movement started in Nepal with the struggle of democracy against Rana regime in 1940s (Tamang, 2009). Nepal Women Association, established in 1947was the first organization to initiate the Nepali women movement. The movement heightened in progressive manner, supported by international agencies and non- state actors. Women rights were liberated, uplifted and role was empowered in the society and state, safeguarded by various reformed acts with transformation of modern Nepal.
Nepali women shares the praiseworthy contribution in the political transformation of Nepal. Also, their movement was guided by the political objectives too. In pro-democracy era, women from political elites realized that they were under represented at mainstream politics and parliament. All Nepal Women Association , Mahila Akhil Sangha and Nepal Women Association together launched ‘Satyagraha’ peacefully for political representation in high offices ( (Khanal, 1986). Addressing to this movement four women were nominated in Advisory Assembly. Panchayat era marked with oppressive, autocratic regime and graded inequalities (Khadka, 1986). Further, women movement got divided into different mainstream politics. However, they supported agitation against partyless panchayat system in 1990 with an aspirations to abolish the caste based discriminations. The adopted constitution limited reservation of women by five percent on lower house and minimum three of the 60 nominated upper house.Even though 1990s constitution safeguarded fundamental rights to all citizens without discriminations on the basis of ethnicity, caste, religion or sex, yet social discriminatory practices heightened class struggle. Large number of excluded women and marginalized groups launched the agitation against ‘the patriarchal discrimination against women’. Maoist used them as a tool leading ten years long armed conflict followed by April Uprising in 2006 ( (Mishra, 2004). It ended with comprehensive peace agreement and adopted Interim Constitution 2007. It was gender responsive. Gender discriminations was abolished completely and adopted secularism with inclusive society. Provision guarantees 33 percent representation of women in state bodies and civil service (Kolas, 2016). Nepal’s first female president and speaker of parliament are the instances depicting women’s political recognition and participation.
Interim Constitution 1951 safeguarded the basic rights like education for girls, voting rights, widow marriage. But couldn’t address the issues of gender equality against the patriarchal governing society and traditional practices. Traditional practices like untouchability, early marriage, child marriage, polygamy, dowry system, Deuki Pratha, witch hunt, badi and jhuma dominated women’s social participation and poor fulfillment of human rights.Movements were organized against to end such practices in different period of time. Addressing to it, untouchability was abolished in 1962, Deuki Pratha in 1990 (Yogi, 2012). However, many traditional practices were governed by caste system preserved by constitutions. Further, women were discriminated from inheritance rights, citizen rights, reproductive rights, criminal justice, employment, as well as exploited through trafficking and sexual violence,and child abuse (Geiser, 2005). Thus, women were suppressed and movement were directed with those agendas. In 1975 coding ‘International women year’, Nepal ensured partition share of the parental property to unmarried daughter above 35 years of age, divorce right to maintenance and end polygamy.After post conflict women movement more expanded. Sexual violence movement from 2006 onwards, Badi movement in 2007 (United Nations Resident and Humanitarian Co-ordinator’s Office, 2012) advocated on identities and women security. Responding to it, caste based discriminations was abolished, recognizes inheritance and property rights, citizenship rights along with legalizes the abortion in 2011 were major constitutional amendment addressing them (Kolas, 2016).
After 1990s, international actors like UN agencies, various NGOs fueled the Nepali women agendas through technical and financial support. Addition to it, Nepal became the signatory state of Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discriminations against women in 1992. Further, Nepal adopted 1995 Beijing declaration which provided impetus for women’s right and gender equality. At governmental level, sixth five year plan (1980-1985), ninth five year plan (1997-2002) followed by tenth five year plan (2002-2007) were launched for women empowerment. In 2002, the National Women Commission was established to ensure women rights and advance women. After post conflict, the Three year Interim plan (2007-2010) and the National Development strategy (2009/10-2011/12) and latest 14th plan (2016/17-2018/19), were executed to promote the institutional capacity and approaches to address the identified challenges (Asian Development Bank, 2010). Ministry of Women, Children and Social Welfare replaced Ministry of women and social welfare established in 1995.
On conclusion, though Nepali women movement have paved the success stories, yet they still needs to forward movement into wider social movements. Their representation needs to be more inclusive with broader agendas of identity and participation. Women activist are critiqued upon the fragmentation into mainstream politics and elite based rather they needs to focus on ending the multiple forms of inter-sectional discrimination. Their movement must be engaged in promoting the women’s right through reservation and quotas at grass root level and promote alliance building and solidarity network.
- FWLD. (2006). An Update of Discriminatory Laws in Nepal and Their Imapct on Women. Kathmandu: Forum For Women, Law and Development.
- Aryal, U. (2000). All Nepal Women’s Association. sage publication.
- Asian Development Bank. (1999, December). Women in Nepal. Kathmandu.
- Asian Development Bank. (2010). Overview of Gender Equality and Social Inclusion in Nepal. Kathmandu.
- Basnet, B. (n.d.). Women’s Human Rights in Nepal. UNESCO
- Geiser, A. (2005). Social Exclusion and Conflict Transformation in Nepal: Women, Dalit and Ethnic Groups: FAST Country Risk Profile Nepal. Swiss Peace.
- Khadka, N. (1986). Crisis in Nepal Partyless Panchayat System: The case for more Democaracy. Pacific Affairs.
- Khanal, Y. (1986). Nepal in 1985: An Uneasy Year. Asian Survey, 246-252.
- Kolas, B. R. (2016). Women in Nepal’s Transition. Peace Research Institute.
- Library, N. P. (n.d.). Women of the people. Record Nepal.
- Mishra, R. (2004). India’s Role in Maoists Insurgency . Asian Survey.
- Tamang, S. (2009). The Politics of Conflict and Difference or the Difference of Conflict in Politics: The Women’s Movement in Nepal. Retrieved from Feminist Review.
- Tamang, S. (2014). State, Women and Democartization in Nepal. In Participatory Democracy. Kathmandu: Institute for Governance and Development.
- United Nations Resident and Humanitarian Co-ordinator’s Office. (2012). FIELD BULLETIN.
- Yogi, A. G. (2012, september 10). Women Sacrificed to Gods Struggle to Rehabilitate, Deuki Tradition Wanes in Nepal. Global Press Journal. | <urn:uuid:d50958d6-68f5-4f7d-941f-d914aa173a4c> | {
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The Foreword and Prologue pages come immediately after the Table of Contents and are listed with roman numerals (iv, xi) instead of arabic numerals (4, 11). These pages precede the first chapter of the book.
A Foreword is a piece of writing near the beginning of a book that tells a story about the book’s creation. A Preface and a Foreword are practically the same; however, unlike a Preface, a Foreword is written by someone other than the author of the book.
A Foreword should be a minimum of half of a page in length. There is no maximum length set by standards, but your text should not exceed the length of your longest chapter. Like an Acknowledgements page, your foreword text should appear in the same size and format as the main text of the book.
A Prologue sets up the opening to your book and introduces the main story. A Prologue, for all intents and purposes, is “Chapter 0” and should be set up in the same manner as core matter pages.
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In this post you will find some interesting facts and history of the Parthenon in Athens.
The Parthenon is surely the most important monument of ancient Greece and is one of the most famous in the world. It was the most sacred of monuments, and was famous in antiquity as a Greek architectural masterpiece.
The Parthenon is located in the southern area of the Acropolis, in the heart of the city of Athens, on top of a hill 156 meters high and visible from several kilometers away.
The monument was a temple dedicated to the goddess Athena. The name, “Parthenon”, refers to the epithet of the goddess, “Athena Parthenos” (indicating her status of unmarried and a virgin), and the myth of her creation, by parthenogenesis, from the head of Zeus.
In fact, the colossal statue of Athena Parthenos, about twelve meters high, stood inside the Parthenon. To build it, forty talents of gold were used (about 1,140 kilograms of gold) and it cost the city seven hundred talents, the equivalent price of a fleet of 230 ships.
However, it is believed that the Parthenon was used primarily as treasury.
The Parthenon was built between the middle of the fifth century and 432 BC by architects Callicrates and Ictinus, under the supervision of Phidias, who was also entrusted with the sculptural decoration.
The gables, as well as the statue of Athena, were the work of Phidias and described several important scenes. For example, one of them depicts the quarrel that Athena had with Poseidon for possession of Athens and Attica.
Built entirely of Pentelic marble, the Parthenon rests on a base of three steps. It had eight Doric columns in the front area and 17 columns on the long sides, each 10.43 meters high, and with a base diameter of 1.905 meters. Overall, the Parthenon measured 69.54 x 30.87 meters.
The impression of absolute perfection is achieved through the specific composition of the individual elements, and thanks to clever use of barely perceptible optical corrections necessary to harmonize the views of the monument with the human eye.
In fact, some examples of the optical corrections are:
- the base arcs about 7cm (over 70 meters!)
- the columns are slightly swollen at two-thirds of their height and curve slightly towards the center of the building
- the corner columns are slightly larger and closer together than the others
- …and so on
A Brief History of the Parthenon
The Parthenon was largely unchanged until the sixth century A.D., when it was converted into a Christian church; later, in 1400, it was converted into a mosque; then it was used as a munitions depot, but most of its sculptures were still preserved. The Parthenon was significantly damaged in 1687, when the Venetians, led by Francesco Morosini, attacked Athens.
Many of its sculptures were later recovered and brought to London by Lord Elgin in 1803. Today they are in the British Museum, where they are known as the “Elgin Marbles” or “Parthenon Marbles.” Other sculptures from the Parthenon are in the Louvre Museum in Paris and in Copenhagen. Most of the remaining sculptures are preserved in Athens, at the Acropolis Museum, located at the foot of the hill, not far from the Parthenon.
After Greece gained independence, the ancient structures of the Parthenon were freed from the medieval and Turkish superstructures, as well as the rest of the Acropolis. In 1930 it was raised around the northern colonnade, but the restoration work continues to this day.
Do you want to know more about the history and architecture of the Parthenon and see how it was originally during Ancient Greece times?
Check out our guidebook to Athens, with detailed history and Past & Present images of the Parthenon, the Acropolis of Athens, the Ancient Agora and all the greatest historical and archaeological sites of Athens.
The Parthenon today
The Parthenon, along with the other buildings on the Acropolis, is now one of the most visited archaeological sites in Greece. The Greek Ministry of Culture, with funding for the Olympic Games in 2004 and funding from UNESCO, has inaugurated a massive restoration project, still in progress.
The new Acropolis Museum, which was opened in June 2009, and located at the foot of the Acropolis, collected all the fragments of the frieze of the Parthenon in the possession of the Greek government (along with others still being recovered) in an architectural space rebuilt with the exact dimensions and orientation of the monument. | <urn:uuid:1fb21558-a941-4191-a6bb-683b918babc7> | {
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An ecological architect’s job is to work with environmental and local specialists design to plan and construct arenas and sustainable buildings that meet the needs of the environment. It’s a complex endeavor, as the impact of construction has to be considered, besides building cost government requirements and regulations.
In the first case, eco-architects will tackle the job of assessing and reviewing current building structures and practices so as to comprehend the resources of energy consumption and the effect that such practices have on the environment. From this stage, eco-architects will then be required to develop a’vision’ for architecture – identifying which elements and spaces are most efficient and appropriate in fulfilling local requirements. An eco-architect that is effective needs to have the ability to create a sustainable layout program which takes into consideration both cost effectiveness and sustainability. A prosperous eco-architect should have the ability to implement his vision and then monitor and measure its effects on the environment and the community.
While it isn’t easy to come across eco-architects in practice, there are associations and organisations in the United Kingdom who are dedicated to assisting eco-architects to develop train and their careers. They offer training programs at all levels of eco-architecture. These include both classroom-based training and online classes. There are also numerous professional organisations and chambers of commerce in the uk, and eco-architect training is offered by that.
Even though eco-architects should work closely with local governments and other agencies in the united kingdom, the responsibility of eco-architects would be to make sure that any proposed building complies with local conditions, so that any environmental impact is minimal. This may entail liaising with the local planning office and supplying information about the structure, along with information concerning the design.
Among the main goals of eco-architects is to make certain that any construction is constructed with an overall perspective towards reducing the impact. This means that eco-architects must be able to create a balance between the planned construction and the surroundings. This is made possible ensuring that the building’s building is energy efficient and environmentally responsible, as well as by using sustainable materials wherever possible. Eco-architects will ensure that the building is constructed to sustainability criteria, as it is one of the simplest ways to keep prices down, Since the building is designed to be energy efficient. Using renewable sources of energy will reduce the amount of fuel and other resources.
He will have the ability to practise as an independent architect or take on tasks for businesses or eco-architects once an eco-architect gets the certificate necessary for an occupation. He will generally start by designing little jobs in his own right, until he builds up sufficient experience to begin searching for more challenging missions, working his way. A successful eco-architect’s growth is just one of the steps towards getting an builder. | <urn:uuid:95b58701-8119-4bfb-a708-716bc86f7a92> | {
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Rwanda, the fabled “Land of a Thousand Hills” is a small landlocked country in east-central Africa. The country lies 75 miles south of the Equator, 880 miles west of the Indian Ocean and 1,250 east of the Atlantic Ocean – literally in the heart of Africa. The country lies within the Great Lakes region of Central Africa and boasts a moderate climate. Mountains dominate the centre and west of the country, while the East consists of savannah, plains and swamps. Rwanda has 5 volcanoes, 23 lakes and numerous rivers some forming the source of River Nile. With a land area of 26,338 Km² Rwanda is one of Africa’s smallest countries.
Uganda is a landlocked country, bordered by Sudan to the North, Democratic Republic of Congo to the west, Rwanda and Tanzania to the South, and Kenya to the East. The country lies astride the equator covering an area of 242,554 km². Topographically much of Uganda can be classified as a plateau, with numerous small hills and valleys and extensive savannah plains. The entire country lies above 900m above sea level generally sloping from South to North. The country lies in a cradle of Mountains on its East Border with Kenya, Mount Elgon, and Mount Moroto in the North East, and the South-Western Rwenzori Ranges rising to altitudes over 2000m. | <urn:uuid:447c3eff-d9eb-4fc9-b645-17e69ee5b4db> | {
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Professor F W Newman was president of the Vegetarian Society, based in
Manchester and founded in 1847, from 1873-84. He was a controversial character,
influencing the Society to accept associate members and refusing to accept
that anything else should be associated with vegetarianism. Until then,
many had combined vegetarianism with a campaign against alcohol and smoking.
London in 1875 a Dietetic Reform Society was formed, this appears to have
been based from the outset in the Memorial Hall, Farringdon Street which
was also opened in 1875 (photo right from 1930). Members abstained
from alcohol and tobacco as well as being vegetarian. This was followed
by the London Food Reform Society in 1877. A young doctor named T R Allinson
(now immortalised on a popular brand of wholemeal bread) was a member
of the Society.
Later, the Society dropped the word "London" from its title
and became the National Food Reform Society. This led to some antagonism
with the Vegetarian Society, but the National Food Reform Society merged
with the Vegetarian Society in 1885, and it then became the London branch
of the Vegetarian Society.
problems followed, and in 1888 the London branch broke away from the Vegetarian
Society and formed the London Vegetarian Society, which soon flourished
as a second national society. The President was Mr
Arnold Hills (1857-1927 photo right) - he was probably President
of the various Food Reform Societies and appears to have been connected
with the Memorial Hall which was owned by the Congregationalist Church.
A magazine known as The Vegetarian was brought out in 1889 by Mr
Hills as an independent publication to run alongside the LVS.
On October 1, 1889, the LVS initiated the Vegetarian
Federal Union based in the same offices in Farringdon Street and with
the same personnel.
Between 1888 and 1891, Mohandas K. Gandhi
was an unknown law student in London. His autobiography, written in 1925,
gives the following recollections:
... During these wanderings I once hit on a vegetarian restaurant in
Farringdon Street ... [He goes on to explain how excited he felt
and how he found a copy of Henry Salt's 'Plea for Vegetarianism' which
persuaded him that vegetarianism was important from a moral perspective,
not just because of his Hindu traditions.]
... I went in for all the books available on vegetarianism and read
them ... Dr Allinson's writings on health and hygeine were likewise
very helpful. He advocated a curative system based on the regulation
of the dietary of patients. Himself a vegetarian, he prescribed also
for his patients a strictly vegetarian diet ....
... There was a Vegetarian Society in England with a weekly journal
of its own. I subscribed to the weekly, joined the Society and very
shortly found myself on the Executive Committee ... [Louis Fischer
in his 1950 biography 'The Life of Mahatma Ghandi' says that Gandhi
was on the Executive Committee of the 'Vegetarian Society of England',
but no such society has ever existed. The above is clearly a reference
to the LVS as will be seen below. ]
... Full of the neophyte's zeal for vegetarianism I decided to start
a vegetarian club in my locality, Bayswater. I invited Sir Edwin Arnold,
who lived there, to be Vice-President. Dr. Oldfield who was Editor of
The Vegetarian became President. I myself became the Secretary.
The Club went for a while, but came to an end in the course of a few
The young Gandhi (front centre-right) at the VFU Conference in Portsmouth,
May 6, 1891,
next to him in the light suit is his friend Dr. Josiah Oldfield.
(this copy of the photo is copyright © gandhiserve.org
though they have the attribution wrong,
suggesting that he was with the LVS committee in 1890)
... I was elected to the Executive Committee of the [London]
Vegetarian Society, and made it a point to attend every one of its meetings,
but I always felt tongue tied ... Meantime a serious question came up
for discussion. I thought it wrong to be absent and felt it cowardice
to register a silent vote. The discussion arose somewhat in this wise.
The President of the Society was Mr Hills, proprietor of the Thames
Iron Works. He was a puritan. It may be said that the existence of the
Society depended practically on his financial assistance. Many members
of the Committee were more or less his protégés. Dr Allinson
of vegetarian fame was also a member of the Committee. He was an advocate
of the then new birth control movement, and preached its methods among
the working classes. Mr Hills regarded these methods as cutting at the
roots of morals. He thought that the Vegetarian Society had for its
object not only dietetic but also moral reform, and that a man of Dr
Allinson's anti-puritanical views should not be allowed to remain in
the society. A motion was therefore brought for his removal. The question
deeply interested me, I considered Dr Allinson's views regarding artificial
methods of birth control as dangerous, and I believed that Mr Hills
was entitled as a puritan to oppose him. I had also a high regard for
Mr Hills and his generosity. But I thought that it was quite improper
to exclude a man from a vegetarian society simply because he refused
to regard puritan morals as as one of the objects of the society. Mr
Hills' view regarding the exclusion of anti-puritans from the Society
was peculiar to himself, and it had nothing to do with the declared
object of the Society, which was simply the promotion of vegetarianism
and not of any system of morality. I therefore held that any vegetarian
could be a member of the Society irrespective of his views on other
[Gandhi goes on to explain how he found it difficult to explain
his views so he wrote them down and someone else read them] ...
Dr Allinson lost the day ... I have a faint recollection that, after
this incident, I resigned from the committee.
Gandhi was in London from 1888, when he was 18, to 1891, when he was
21 - so the wise views above were formed when he was only about 20. His
account of this incident on the Committee throws further light on the
'problems' between the Manchester based Society and the group in London.
The following extract is by James Henry Cook, quoted by his daughter
Kathleen Keleny in her book: The First Century of Health Foods
Mr Hills was an inspiring speaker and the next time he visited Birmingham
called together a group of business men and said: "I would like to see
a first-class vegetarian Restaurant in Birmingham and if you will start
it I will subscribe ten per cent of the cost". In 1896, it so happened
that a new building was being erected in Corporation Street, Birmingham.
After much deliberation, the consortium of business men rented the whole
of the basement and ground floor to use as a Vegetarian restaurant.
As I was very keen on the whole idea, I was appointed manager. Then
the landlord asked us if we would take the whole of the seven storey
building and convert the upper five storeys into an hotel. In the summer
of 1898 the first Vegetarian hotel in England, called 'The Pitman Vegetarian
Hotel', was opened and I was made manager of that too.
The hotel was named after Sir
Isaac Pitman, inventor of Pitman Short-hand, who had been a Vegetarian
for 60 years, and at the time was the best known vegetarian in England.
- from A
Reason for Celebration: 90 Healthy Vegetarian Years (EVU)
In 1908 the Secretary of the LVS was planning to attend the first
IVU Congress in Dresden, Germany, she was unable to attend but sent
a letter of support.
The 1909 IVU Congress was held in Manchester, England, and the London
Society was actively involved. Some notes from the reports:
Miss Nicholson [LVS Secretary] spoke of her excellent work in London,
especially that connected with the feeding of poor children. Her heroic
effort in this department has gained her public recognition from the
Education Committee of the London County Council. Now that she had got
her foot in, she said she did not meant to take it out, and she owed
it all to vegetarianism. Her energy is amazing and she speaks well for
The following resolution was passed and sent by telegraph:- "The
International Vegetarian Congress now in session at Manchester, sends
Mr. A. F. Hills a grateful message of sympathy and appreciation for
his many services to the cause of a humane diet. - William E.A. Axon,
Chairman. - Oct. 15th 1909. [Mr Hills was 'on his back in an invalid
chair' at this time]
the 1910 Congress, in Brussels,
Arnold Hills was named as a Membre d'honneur of the Congress Committee,
he does not appear to have made the journey in person. A report from Miss
Nicholson was read by a delegate from the Manchester Society. The reports
from the 1913 Congress make no direct mention of LVS.
The photo on the right shows a pin produced by the London Society
in 1915. (from Jan Stastny, Prague).
The LVA magazine became the Vegetarian News in 1921.
the Congress in 1923, in Stockholm, LVS was represented by Charles W.
Forward (photo right) who had been a prominent member of the society
for many years, his position at this time was not clear. He presented
a paper on "Vegetarianism and its Basis of Scientific Truth".
Frank Wyatt, the LVS Secretary gave a "Report for London Vegetarian
6th World Vegetarian Congress
- 1926 London, England - organised jointly by the LVS and
the Vegetarian Society, Manchester. This report includes a lot of details,
and photos, of London in that year. The LVS President
in 1926 was Dr. Bertrand P. Allinson, M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P. - presumably
the same Dr Allinson that the young Gandhi had tried to keep on the committee
36 years earlier.
The 1929 Congress was held
in Steinschönau, Czechoslovakia. The report for the Vegetarian
Messenger (the Manchester magazine) was written by Franck Wyatt, the
London Secretary, showing an increasing co-operation between the two Societies.
The Editor of the Messenger commented:
The British Societies were represented by four delegates and it is
worthy of note that each delegate is a member of both the Vegetarian
Society and the London Vegetarian Society. It is also gratifying to
place on record that the two Societies joined in one national report,
presented by Mr. James Hough, and co-operated throughout the Congress
in the many events in whch the British representatives were asked to
Frank Wyatt made a similar point in his report:
The Vegetarian Society and the London Vegetarian Society each sent
two delegates, the former being represented by Dr. Walter Walsh and
Mr. James Hough, and the latter by Mrs. Harold Goddard and Mr. Frank
Wyatt. It was at least a source of satisfaction to the British delegates
themselves that all four were actually members of both societies.
Gandhi with the LVS in 1931, seated to his right (left as we look) are
Henry and Catherine Salt
(Catherine was Henry Salt's 2nd wife, his first wife Kate having died
some years earlier)
(this photo is copyright © West Sussex Wildlife Protection.
Courtesy of Simon Wild from Jon Wynne Tyson's collection.)
The 1932 IVU Congress was
held in Berlin and Hamburg, Germany. Frank Wyatt, the LVS Secretary was
the chairman of one of the sessions and was later elected to the IVU Committee.
By the 1930s it is clear that the London and Manchester based Societies
were working as one group during the IVU Congresses. See The
Vegetarian Society (UK) and IVU, 1930s for further details.
Some notes from VSUK:
World War II was a difficult time for vegetarians. The Committee of
Vegetarian Interests was formed, with representatives from the two Vegetarian
Societies, health food manufacturers and health food retailers to liaise
with the Ministry of Food and win concessions. Vegetarians were allowed
an extra ration of cheese and the committee was very concerned about
ensuring the preferential distribution of nuts to vegetarians. As the
number of registered vegetarians increased sharply during the years
of rationing, it was suspected some non-vegetarians were signing up
to claim the extra nuts and cheese! This resulted in considerable discussion
about the definition of vegetarian and methods of ensuring that only
bona fide vegetarians could draw the extra rations.
picture on the right is from a publication called This Other Eden, a vegetarian
starter kit from the 1940s. (Sent by Jan Stastny, Prague).
From the reports of the 1947 IVU Congress in Stonehouse, England:
... Before extending a welcome to those present, the President, ...
referred to the passing (during the war) of ... Mr. Frank Wyatt, the
late Secretary of the London Vegetarian Society. The delegates stood
in silence before continuing the proceedings. ...
... Mr. S. A. Hurren (London) and Mr. Roy Walker (Secretary of the
London Vegetarian Society), also spoke as well as Mr. Peter Freeman,
M.P., who had made a special journey to Stonehouse from the House of
Commons, and had to return the following morning. ...
... VEGETARIANISM IN MATERNITY WORK. Chairman: Mrs. Mary WYATT (London)
Dr. CYRIL V. PINK (London) of the Stonefield Maternity Home, gave his
experiences of the twenty-five years during which a vegetarian diet,
consisting largely of raw food, had been advised to their patients.
(full text see: http://www.ivu.org/congress/wvc47/
... Final Assembly in London.
Leaving Stonehouse on the morning of Tuesday, the 5th August, a representative
gathering of I.V.U. delegates met during the afternoon, at the Attic
Club, as the guests of the Committee and Officers of the London Vegetarian
Society and were entertained to tea. With many of the overseas delegates
returning via London, the meeting was most appropriate and Mr. S. A.
HURREN (Chairman of the Committee of the London Vegetarian Society),
in a few words, charmingly expressed the pleasure it gave them of welcoming
the delegates to London. ...
Reports from the 1950 IVU Congress, in the Netherlands, mentions representatives
from London including a joint resolution from Roy Walker (London Sec.)
and the Manchester secretary.
From VSUK again:
The Committee of Vegetarian Interests continued for many years after
the war, including representatives of vegetarian restaurateurs, the
Vegetarian Catering Association and the Plantmilk Society. As rationing
ended, they turned their attention to such things as the introduction
of a vegetarian class in the Salon Culinaire competition, the production
of cheese with non-animal rennet, standards in vegetarian catering and
the establishment of soya milk manufacturing in this country.
The Vegetarian Messenger [the magazine of the Vegetarian Society
GB] was renamed The Vegetarian in 1953. During the 1950s and 60s,
the Societies increasingly began to work together, and after 1958 combined
to replace their magazines with a joint publication, the Vegetarian
News and The Vegetarian were replaced by The British Vegetarian,
which continued as a bi-monthly magazine until 1971.
In 1969, the two societies amalgamated to form one society again, this
is the organisation we have today, The
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A Micro Solution for a Global Problem
A new book, More Than Good Intentions: How a New Economics is Helping to Solve Global Poverty, by Dean Karlan, an economist by trade, and Jacob Appel, a seasoned researcher in the field, tackles the subject of how best to eliminate global poverty, given our understanding of human psychology and hard evidence. Their goal is to educate the general public about the workings of microfinance and its global variables.
Poverty affects a large portion of the world’s population, and many solutions have been offered over the years. Microfinance, a method of alternative investment by which as little as $25 can be loaned to someone in a developing country to grow their business, has taken the spotlight over the last decade. Both online organizations and brick-and-mortar stores offer opportunities for shoppers to contribute extra pennies to microfinance programs in an attempt to collect funds to ease global poverty.
Microfinance has been promoted as a panacea to solve global poverty, and organizations like Kiva (Kiva.org) are attractive to socially conscious Americans that want to feel like they are making a difference in the life of a specific person in a developing country. But microfinance has also been criticized as being one-dimensional and offering a narrow view of a multi-dimensional topic. No single program can solve world poverty single-handed and at best, serves as one element of a comprehensive solution.
The book relies heavily on market research and methodology, but spares non-technical readers the statistics and theorems of most research papers. It does discuss a research practice Kaplan and Appel use called randomized control trials (RCT), but the authors also use anecdotes and stories to illustrate their point and keep the story moving.
Karlan and Appel offer seven ideas to consider for reducing global poverty that yield relatively short-term, measurable results. Interestingly, microfinance isn’t one of the options, but other ideas include how de-worming kids affects school attendance in Kenya. Another is educating people about the importance of savings and personal finance. They also explain that providing free chlorine in easy-to-use dispensers at water collection points can reduce cases of diarrhea that is claiming the lives of 2 million people each year.
More Than Good Intentions is a great resource for anyone interested in global affairs, especially global poverty reduction in developing countries, serving as a good overview of the microfinance conundrum. It’s aimed at the general reader and provides insight to a problem that is more complex than it might seem.
Megy Karydes is founder of World Shoppe, a fair trade importing business that works directly with artisans in South Africa and Kenya. To learn more, visit World-Shoppe.com. | <urn:uuid:b830de9b-87a2-4777-b201-667447cc490d> | {
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The Federal National Mortgage Association, usually called Fannie Mae, was created by Congress in 1938 but became a private company (under a Federal government charter) in 1968. Fannie Mae raises money from investors and then lends the money to banks and other mortgage lenders. Fannie Mae's underlying purpose is to promote home ownership by ensuring that lenders have adequate capital. The U.S. government took control of Fannie Mae in September, 2008, during an economic panic and crash of the real estate market. In exchange for a capital infusion (FNMA and Freddie Mac together got about $188 billion so they would remain solvent), the Treasury took a new class of "senior preferred" shares that originally paid a 10% dividend. The Federal Housing Finance Agency served as conservator.
Fannie Mae can be reached by calling 1-800-7-FANNIE. Their Web address is www.fanniemae.com.
Rates: Interest rates ("yields") on Fannie Mae loans are reported in the Wall Street Journal's Money and Investing section under "Money Rates." See also "LIBOR Rate" and "Money Rates."
Guides: Fannie Mae publishes several "Guides," including the Fannie Mae Selling Guide, the Fannie Mae Single Family Servicing Guide and the Fannie Mae Multi-Family Servicing Guide. The Guides are available in electronic form through www.allregs.com.
Mortgage-Backed Securities: Fannie Mae sponsors several kinds of mortgage-backed securities, including ARMs and REMICs. Prospectuses and other information are available on the Mortgage-Backed Securities section of the Fannie Mae Web site. | <urn:uuid:e01d6483-e62f-419e-88c2-61efe8963564> | {
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What are dental crowns?
Dental crowns are tooth-shaped caps that address damage or decay. It is very common to require a dental crown after a root canal or treatment for a large cavity.
Once placed, a dental crown covers the portion of your tooth that sits above your gum line. In addition to improving the appearance of your affected tooth, a crown restores your chewing and biting abilities.
Are there different types of dental crowns?
At RenovaSmiles, the team offers several different types of dental crowns, including:
The type of crown you most benefit from depends on many factors. When selecting the material for your crown, your RenovaSmiles provider considers factors like:
- Your tooth’s location
- The function of your tooth
- How much of your tooth is remaining
- The color of your surrounding teeth
Your personal preference also plays a role, so make sure to speak up and ask questions during your initial consultation.
After conducting an exam and gathering all of the necessary information, your dentist can make recommendations for a crown that best aligns with your needs.
Does it take more than one appointment to receive a dental crown?
Receiving a dental crown typically takes two separate appointments. At your first appointment, your dentist conducts an exam, asks you about your goals for treatment, and takes a series of digital X-rays to get a closer look at your tooth roots and jawbone.
If your gums and jaw are healthy and there’s no infection present, your dentist moves forward with treatment.
First, your dentist administers a local anesthetic. Once the anesthetic sets in, they prepare your tooth to receive a crown. To do this, your dentist carefully files down your tooth and removes a thin layer of enamel.
Afterward, your dentist takes a mold of your tooth. Your dentist sends your mold to a laboratory that manufactures your permanent crown. Finally, your dentist places a temporary crown on your tooth to protect it.
A week or two later, after the laboratory completes your permanent crown, you return to RenovaSmiles. Your dentist once again administers a local anesthetic and then lines up your permanent crown with your tooth and bonds it in place with dental cement.
How do I care for my dental crown?
Caring for a dental crown is similar to caring for your natural teeth. The team at RenovaSmiles recommends brushing your teeth twice a day, flossing once each day, and visiting the office every six months for a professional cleaning and exam.
You should also avoid biting your fingernails, chewing on ice cubes, and using tobacco. By following these tips, your crown can last for between 10-15 years.
To learn more about dental crowns, make an appointment with the team at RenovaSmiles by calling the office nearest you or by clicking the online booking tool. | <urn:uuid:4b16a208-445f-4386-aedb-29dcdd87820a> | {
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During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, globalization arrived to Central Europe at a scale unknown to former generations. Central Europe became connected to other parts of the world via railways and modern channels of communication, which brought material and immaterial goods produced in global centers or in some remote places of the world. Millions of Central European sought a better life overseas, mainly in the United States. Exotic commodities, fashionable cultural products and “exotic” people arrived to Central Europe, reshaping local cultures. By analyzing these phenomena in fin-de-siècle Hungary, this project seeks to investigate Central Europe’s entry into the global world in the age what historians call first globalization or First Global Economy (ca. 1880–1914). | <urn:uuid:1ab88492-1462-4a67-b34b-f8d2da3eeccb> | {
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- First come, first served is something you say which means that the first people to arrive will be able to get the best choices.
- To receive something or be dealt with in the order in which they ask or arrive.
- Those who are the first to arrive are the first to be waited on.
1. I love this restaurant but with the first come, first served rule it’s hard to get a good table.
2. A lot of my university classes are available on a first come, first served basis.
3. I wish this bakery didn’t sell their bread on a first come, first served basis because my favourite loaves are gone before lunch time!
4. My favourite beauty retailer is giving out free makeup samples but it’s first come, first served!
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A new study in the Journal of Adolescent Health reports that teenagers who experience cyberbullying are more likely to develop negative responses such as depression and addictive behaviors.
The study's lead author, Dr. Manuel Gamez-Guadix of the University of Deusto in Spain, said that it is important to understand how cyberbullying impacts adolescent health. While many adolescents both become cyberbullying victims and also bully others themselves, those that experience cyberbullying attacks for six months or longer are more likely to experience problems such as depression or substance abuse.
Interestingly, the correlation between cyberbullying and depression worked in both directions. Teens who experienced cyberbullying were more likely to become depressed, but depressed teens were also more likely to become cyberbullying victims. Bullying can cause depression, but depressed teens may also display loner or antisocial behaviors that can make them attractive targets for bullies.
Bullying is not a new phenomenon, but as teens increasingly live their lives online the proliferation of social media can make the threats and insults of bullying much more permanent and visible. Parents can help by monitoring their child's online activity, but parents also need to be engaged in their child's real-world life. Particularly as the media continues to draw the connection between cyberbullying and suicide, children and adolescents may internalize the message that self-harm is a natural response to becoming a victim.
One way parents can help is by helping their children develop resilience. Resilience is is the ability to "bounce back" after a negative experience. Whether it's having losing a pet, not making the team, or experiencing cyberbullying, the ability to recover and move on after a negative experience is a vital life skill. Research has shown that relationships are key to developing resilience. In fact, one strong relationship with a caring adult can be enough to transform how children and teenagers respond to all risk factors. Monitoring your children's online activity is important, but it's absolutely critical for them to also get the message that you care. | <urn:uuid:7ae73f24-770a-4f83-a266-01dbf6dd11a2> | {
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Athenian — definition
1. Athenian (Adjective)
Athenian (Adjective) — Of or relating to or characteristic of Athens or its inhabitants.
2. Athenian (Noun)
Athenian (Noun) — A resident of Athens.
2 types of
Alcibiades Demosthenes Draco Socrates
4 parts of
Athens Athinai Greek capital capital of Greece | <urn:uuid:d4c5716f-8016-4a80-833a-1d7c17ea2ad9> | {
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In this beginner Chinese reading practice we’ll look at a couple different ways to say “can” in Chinese. These phrases are taken from an excerpt of Ben’s diary – a foreign exchange student in China. You can follow Ben’s story and learn Chinese along the way.
As a beginning Chinese reader, you may initially find it difficult to recognize many characters. We start our lessons from ground zero with audio and pinyin available to assist you. You’ll be able to quickly go from HSK 1 to HSK 2 and onward. At this early stage in your Chinese study you can progress very quickly through daily practice. Although you may not recognize many characters yet, you will be able to progress quickly as you read stories. Especially when starting out you will benefit from the audio recordings included and you may also want to try watching Chinese video lessons.
The examples below will give you an idea of what our beginning Chinese reading practices are like.
Suggestion for study:
- Hit “play” and follow along with the Native Speaker
- Review the translation and try to understand the meaning
- Don’t stress about memorizing every character at this point
- After completing the practice sentences, try downloading our app to learn more
To read the entire lesson you can click here
If you'd like another HSK 1 level reading practice try this lesson
Take your Chinese reading skills to the next level using our app: | <urn:uuid:95ce2e94-c5a0-4ed9-a533-c9e01f350761> | {
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From Middle English galoche, galache, galage (meaning shoe), from Old French galoche, perhaps altered from Latin gallica ( meaning a Gallic shoe), or from Late Latin calopedia (meaning wooden shoe, or shoe with a wooden sole), from Ancient Greek diminutive of καλόπους (kalópous, “a shoemaker's last; wood + foot”).
galoshe (plural galoshes)
- (obsolete) A clog or patten.
- Nor were worthy [to] unbuckle his galoche. - Chaucer.
- Hence, an overshoe worn in wet weather.
- A gaiter, or legging, covering the upper part of the shoe and part of the leg. | <urn:uuid:70e76dd5-3cc7-43ac-928c-bae9f4d1b33a> | {
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Today’s post is by Lindsey Mazur, Registered Dietitian, master’s student and founder of Manitobans Against Weight Stigma. You can connect with Lindsey on Twitter at @HAESRD.
Sizeism, or discrimination based on physical size and weight, is a human rights issue with serious consequences. This form of discrimination impacts those of larger body size as well as those of short stature. Like other forms of discrimination, sizeism has been found to lead to worsened health, physically and emotionally, and lowered quality of life .
As a dietitian working primarily in women’s health, I have heard horrible stories of experiences of sizeism from my clients. While I am not able to share specific stories, I can say that, in line with the research , my clients faced weight stigma in the doctor’s office, at school, in the workplace, in their homes, and in public. Their stories inspired me to begin a master’s degree with a research focus on sizeism in health care.
While completing a course in health policy, one of the exam questions was to imagine yourself as a policy maker promoting a new policy to improve population health. My policy idea was to amend the human rights code to recognize sizeism. This prompted me to get in touch with Manitoba MLA (Member of Legislative Assembly), Dr. Jon Gerrard who just introduced a bill regarding this in October 2016! MLA Gerrard told me the bill was considered “dead”, meaning it was not passed. Because of the failure of that first bill, I wanted to increase public pressure to push the government to support such a bill, so I founded Manitobans Against Weight Stigma with two goals:
- To increase public awareness of sizeism and;
- To push the Manitoba Government to change the Manitoba Human Rights Code to include “physical size and weight”.
Talking with MLA Gerrard, I found out that his awareness of sizeism increased after years of consulting with the late Dr. Moe Lerner, a medical doctor in Manitoba who faced weight discrimination himself and became an outspoken advocate for the topic.
After talking with other local advocates, I learned of Dr. Jill Andrew’s work in Ontario, founding the #SizeismSUCKS movement and creating an online petition to include recognition of sizeism in the Ontario Human Rights Code in January 2016. Dr. Andrew’s #SizeismSUCKS campaign is now national with over 45,000 signatures for the petitions!
Manitoba is the first and only place in Canada to propose a bill, to change the Human Rights Code to include physical size and weight as a protected characteristic, to be included alongside other characteristics such as race, gender, etc.
As part of the national #SizismSUCKS movement, the Manitoba online petition has almost 9,000 signatures to support this bill.
Here is a timeline of the bill and some of the advocacy activities here in Manitoba:
- October 6, 2016 – Bill 207 was first introduced
- October 13, 2016 – Bill 207 was debated
- Then, Bill was considered “dead”
- November 23, 2016 – Manitobans Against Weight Stigma hosted the Rally to End Weight Discrimination, on the steps of the Manitoba Legislative Building to push the Manitoba Government to adopt a Bill to end sizeism.
- November 23, 2016 – The Bill was re-introduced as Bill 200
- November 2, 2017 – Bill 200 was voted on, and lost with a vote of 35-16
- October 25, 2017 – The Manitoba Government proclaimed Dwarfism Awareness Day, based on the advocacy work of the Little People of Manitoba and its President, Samantha Rayburn-Trubyk, in an effort to raise awareness and fight sizeism based on short stature.
- March 19, 2018 – The Bill was re-introduced as Bill 216
- October 2018 – Bill 216 to be debated/voted on again
- October 10, 2018 – Flash Mob to Fight Sizeism, organized by Manitobans Against Weight Stigma
Manitobans Against Weight Stigma has organized the Flash Mob to Fight Sizeism for October 10, 2018 to dance or “move” the Manitoba Government to change! We will be dancing on the grounds of the Manitoba Legislative Building to break stereotypes based on weight and size and show that regardless of health status or ability, Manitobans of all shapes and sizes deserve respectful and fair treatment in schools, workplaces, health care and in the public!
You can support these advocacy efforts in the following ways:
- Attending and/or participating in the Flash Mob to Fight Sizeism
- Writing letters or emails to the Manitoba Premier and MLA’s to encourage them to adopt the bill.
- Connecting with Manitobans Against Weight Stigma on Facebook or Twitter/Instagram @MBWeightStigma and signing the petitions in the national #SizeismSUCKS Movement
- Puhl, R. and C. Heuer, Obesity Stigma: Important Considerations for Public Health. American Journal of Public Health, 2010. 100(6): p. 1019-28. | <urn:uuid:8ef9dd38-1d55-426a-a437-3f0fd1ccaaf2> | {
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A Character Research of Lord of the Flies, a Novel by William Golding
1.Identify each of the next characters by referring especially to the novel: (please note the several ods of figure revelation)
a good)Ralph:Ralph is exposed as a democrat, innovator, and mediator in Lord of the Flies. These character revelations are created clear through his text and actions.
Proof his democratic qualities emerged when he wins the election for the leadership of the band of boys. Despite the fact that he could take complete control of the group, he felt obliged to provide consolation to the loser, Jack: "Ralph viewed him [Jack], wanting to offer something. 'Jack's responsible for the choir. They might be.[h]unters'" (19).
Proof Ralph's capability to lead becomes obvious when he sets from the three-man scouting objective of the island; "Piggy" really wants to join the expedition, and runs on the guilt trip to make an effort to get his way. This manipulation emerged in the kind of the groups' brand calling "Piggy": "'Better Piggy than Fatty,' he [Ralph] explained finally, with the directness of real leadership" (21-22).
Finally, indication of Ralph's capability to mediate is definitely witnessed when he implies a partial alternative to the males' predicament to be stranded on an island: "'Shut up,' explained Ralph absently. He lifted the conch. 'Seems to me we must have a chief to choose things'" (18). This is a good example of Ralph's mediating expertise, because he searches for answers to the boys' mutual issue of being stranded on an island.
b)Jack:Jack is shown to be | <urn:uuid:5655636c-f52d-4ff2-a698-33c4cdf2880b> | {
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The First Act
What are acts for, and how can you best utilize them to tell your story?
It can be argued (as many have done) that all stories have three acts: a Beginning, a Middle, and an End. Yet what does that tell you, the potential screenwriter, about the structure of storytelling?
Firstly, to define an act:
- act: A finite block of story action, its conclusion leading either a new direction for the story’s conflict, or to a resolution.
An act is like a story all unto itself. It too has a beginning, middle, and end. Acts should be treated not just as part of a larger whole, but also as separate entities with their own internal structure and rhythm.
The “Hollywood paradigm,” as espoused by Syd Field and others, is that Act One is the first 25% of the script, Act Two is the middle 50%, and Act Three the final 25%. Screenplays are timed using a rule-of-thumb which estimates one page equals one minute of onscreen time. Thus, a 120 page script would be a two-hour film. Therefore Act One is roughly 30 pages (or 1/2 hour), Act Two 60 pages (or one hour), and Act Three, the final 30. There are many films that break this form, but for the purposes of this discussion, we’ll stick to this traditional, mainstream style.
If you think of drama as being about the building and releasing of tension, then it helps to see act structure as the rails upon which the oncoming train of conflict rides. In other words, act structure guides the direction, flow, and acceleration of dramatic action.
If Act One is the Beginning, then what does a beginning entail? What do we need to know as a viewer in order to understand the story and its purpose? Several important elements are: character introductions, a sense of place and time, any background or history necessary to follow the present story action, and a direction for the characters and story to travel. Act One, then, is about laying a foundation.
As first acts tend to be short (and Hollywood currently leans toward ever shorter first acts), how can you convey the necessary information to get a story off the ground, without becoming bogged down in exposition, or without short-changing the story or characterizations? One way to look at it, is that once you have a skeleton of essential structural information, you have a clearly visible form upon which to add the remaining flesh to bring it to life. It is the skeleton which will suggest to you which elements are absolutely necessary, and which are merely decorative or excessive. And in a screenplay, you must cut anything unnecessary!
There are three keys to a first act structure–the first supporting “bones” in your screenplay’s skeleton. Each of these keys is typically present in every story, whether a screenplay or not. Understanding the function and placement of these keys will help you create a smoothly running launch-pad for the rest of your screenplay.
The three keys are:
- The Initiating Incident
- The Call to Action
- The Commitment to Act
The Initiating Incident
A screenplay needs to begin with an initiating incident. This is the event or action that sets the plot in motion.
Here are several examples if Initiating Incidents, each with an example of their resulting effect on the story. The title links are to copies of the screenplays discussed.
|Event: The ore-carrier Nostromo receives an apparent distress signal from a dead planet.
Result: The ship’s computer, Mother, awakens the crew to investigate.
|Event: Dim insults a woman singing Beethoven’s 9th in the Korova Milk Bar, and Alex whacks him with his cane.
Result: Dim challenges him to a fight, then backs down.
|Event: Jerry has a revelation about his work as a sports agent.
Result: He writes a radical “Mission Statement”.
|Event: The Empire boards the Rebel blockade runner.
Result: Princess Leia hides the Death Star plans in R2-D2’s memory.
You see how neatly the Initiating Incident causes the next event in the story. This is exactly the kind of inevitable chain of events you are trying to create in your screenplay. Notice also, that it is the characters that determine how events are to proceed, and that their unique psychology dictates exactly what will happen next (their next action) based upon their personal goals.
The Call To Action
Following the Initiating Incident, there will be a period of time during which the characters, especially the main character, need to orient themselves in light of the information presented to them by this big event. Here they will question and explore. Their world and their place in it are shown, and often, a reason is given as to why the main character doesn’t quite fit into that world.
The Initiating Incident has a special resonance for the main character, although they may not yet realize it, because the Initiating Incident signals to them that a fundamental shift has taken place in their lives, and that new, major change is in the wind. Where this shift is keenly felt and realized by the main character comes at the Call To Action.
The Call To Action is like the horn blown to signal the beginning of the hunt. The main character, depending on their goals and temperament, may or may not respond. Dramatically, it is often better to either have the character refuse to join the action (due to internal conflict), or be prevented from joining (due to external conflict). Time-wise, the Call To Action typically takes place between pages 15 and 20 of a screenplay.
Here are some examples of Calls To Action in same three films as cited before, and the main character’s reactions to them:
|Call: The crew lands on the planet, only to find a wrecked alien spacecraft.
Response: The crew explores the derelict craft, finding alien eggs kept in storage.
|Call: Asserting himself to Alex, Georgie proposes that the gang should pull a real heist.
Response: In sharp refusal of their plan, Alex attacks Georgie and Dim to show them who’s boss.
|Call: Jerry puts the Mission Statement in the mailbox of everyone at the agency, but has second thoughts.
Response: The Mission statement is publicly lauded; privately, all at the agency think Jerry is doomed.
|Call: Luke sees Leia’s holographic cry for help.
Response: When asked by Ben Kenobi to join a rescue attempt, Luke refuses.
Following the Call, a period of reflection takes place, in which the characters absorb the implications of the Call, and/or of their refusal or inability to act upon it. During this brief moment, events transpire to drag the character into the thick of the conflict. Often it happens that the enemy (who already know what they want!) have regrouped and make their move.
The Commitment To Act
At this point, something happens that forces the main character to join the story. They can no longer refuse for one or more reasons. The reasons may be moral (the enemy has violated the main character’s code of conduct), intellectual (the main character is now convinced they must act because they believe inaction will be worse), or physical (if the main character doesn’t motivate, he/she will suffer or die). The more reasons, the higher the stakes will be, thus the greater the drama.
This commitment usually happens somewhere between page 25 and page 30 in a screenplay.
Here are several examples of Commitments To Act, preceded by their motivating situations:
|Situation: An alien larva attaches itself to crew-member Kane’s face.
Commitment: Ripley refuses to let the crew bring Kane aboard, citing contamination procedures. (Note this late use of her refusal of the Call). She is overridden by science officer Ash, who lets the crew and larva inside.
|Situation: During the heist, Alex kills a woman, then Dim smashes his face with a bottle, leaving him helpless as police arrive.
Commitment: Alex goes to prison.
|Situation: Jerry is fired by his former pupil, Bob Sugar.
Commitment: Jerry vows to steal all of Bob’s clients away from the agency and go into business for himself.
|Situation: Luke finds his Uncle and Aunt dead, killed by Imperial Stormtroopers.
Commitment: Luke no longer has a reason to stay on Tatooine, and he wholeheartedly decides to join Ben Kenobi on his rescue mission.
Next time you watch a film, try and pinpoint these first act structural elements. Seeing how they are applied will increase your own understanding of how to use them in your own screenwriting work.
|← Effective Dialogue||Screenwriting Essentials||Unlocking Act Two →| | <urn:uuid:b613f5b1-30c3-48c9-a98f-9784329dddb1> | {
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On this day in 1943, the last surviving members of a B-17 crew prepare to leave the Greenland Ice Cap. They’d been stranded on an icy glacier for months.
The entire crew had survived the crash on November 9, but early rescue efforts had been a mixed bag of successes and failures. (See yesterday’s post.) By December, seven men were still trapped on the glacier: Six of the original B-17 survivors, plus one man, Don Tetley, who’d been attempting a motorsled rescue when his partner was killed.
The situation was grim. The worst of winter was coming, and further rescue attempts would be difficult. The stranded men would have to save themselves! Tetley and three others would take the one remaining motorsled to Ice Cap Station, about 30 miles away. They’d send a new motorsled back for the others.
Tetley’s group departed, carefully treading across a field of ice crevasses that surrounded the B-17 wreckage. Just when they thought they’d cleared the field, one man stepped on a hidden crevasse. The move was fatal.
In a sad twist, Private Clarence Wedel was a newlywed. His wife would soon give birth to a little girl who would never know her Daddy.
Tetley’s group tried to continue, but its motorsled broke down. They’d traveled only 6 miles from the B-17 wreckage. Fortunately, a resupply plane flying overhead happened to see the new “Motorsled Camp” that Tetley’s men created. They would start getting supply drops, just like the men at the B-17 wreck.
The weeks that followed were grueling. The worst of winter had hit. Dogsled teams were sent on rescue missions, but the dogs suffered in the weather. Motorsleds kept breaking down. Rescuers had to turn back because their feet were frozen.
Fortunately, Army Colonel Bernt Balchen was hatching a plan. Why couldn’t a PBY Catalina land on the ice next to Motorsled Camp?
Balchen’s plan went into motion on February 5—and it worked! (See picture.) Within 15 minutes, the Motorsled Camp survivors were loaded onto the PBY, and then . . . nothing. The plane was frozen to the ice. A few men jumped up and down on the PBY’s wings, rocking the plane until it became unstuck. The PBY finally took off, safely delivering three survivors to Ice Cap Station.
Three down. Three to go.
Things were going badly at the original wreck site. One man was having delusions. Another was dealing with an unhealed injury from the November 9 crash. All were despondent and had considered suicide. These men sorely needed the surprise that came in early March: A routine supply drop brought letters from home.
Things began to look more promising.
By mid-March, the PBY crew was ready to try again. It was too treacherous to land near the wrecked B-17, but they could land at Motorsled Camp and drop off a dogsled team. That team would retrieve the 3 remaining B-17 survivors, then return to Motorsled Camp. The PBY would come back for them there.
The dogsled team arrived at the B-17 wreckage on March 18. The survivors were oddly stoic. “After 129 days of fighting everything the Arctic could throw at us,” one wrote, “I guess nothing could excite us.”
The next day, they left the B-17 wreckage for good. Motorsled Camp would be their home for a few more weeks while they waited for a break in the weather. That break finally came on April 5, when the PBY returned for its last load.
The story of that last flight off Greenland’s ice could probably fill its own post! Suffice it to say that everything went wrong: The plane was too heavy. An engine failed. The PBY was running out of fuel. The front wheel wouldn’t go down. When the plane finally skidded to a stop, it nearly crashed into another plane.
Nevertheless, they’d made it. After 5 grueling months on the Greenland Ice Cap, the last B-17 survivors were finally headed home.
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Bernt Balchen et. al, War Below Zero: The Battle for Greenland (1944)
Captain Donald M. Taub, The Greenland Ice Cap Rescue of B-17 “PN9E” (U.S. Coast Guard History Program)
Captain Oliver LaFarge, On the Ice Cap: Sudden Death Strikes Again (St. Louis Post-Dispatch; May 12, 1943)
Captain Oliver LaFarge, Daring Rescue at Sled Camp (St. Louis Post-Dispatch; May 13, 1943)
Captain Oliver LaFarge, They Waited in Darkness: Fierce Storms Depressed Men Who Remained with Wrecked Bomber (St. Louis Post-Dispatch; May 14, 1943)
Captain Oliver LaFarge, The Long Wait: Rescue Off Icecap After Five Months (St. Louis Post-Dispatch; May 16, 1943)
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*As the title indicates, this is a change/continuity AP essay written for World History class. Vaguely, the essay question was: Describe change and continuity in France from the mid-1700s to the mid-1800s.*Like many other European nations in the 1700's, France experienced a dramatic shift of sentiments against the monarchy, nobility, and Catholic Church as the people, fired by rousing new Enlightenment ideals, began to question authority and emphasize the need for equality, liberty, and democracy. The social and political changes in France were best characterized by three different periods - the weak monarchy of King Louis XVI and the subsequent period of confusion after his removal from power, the reign of Napoleon Bonaparte and his downfall, and the new order brought about by the Congress of Vienna; central to these changes were Enlightenment influence, nationalism, and France's relations with other countries. However, despite the great social upheavals of this time period, gender roles remained more or less unchanged and although women had begun to rouse the idea of women's rights, little changed in the way that society viewed women because men still held economic power.
France was the most advanced country of Europe in the 1700's, home to many leading philosophers such as Voltaire and Montesquieu. Despite its prominence, it was experiencing domestic instability and civil unrest. The aloof | <urn:uuid:f03457d4-d420-4c31-9f81-01e71d93fc1f> | {
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IELTS Writing Sample #29
Some governments say how many children a family can hare in their country. They may control the number of children someone has through taxes. It is sometimes necessary and right for a government to control the population in this way.
Do you agree or disagree?
Give reasons for your answer.
- You should write at least 250 words.
- Allow yourself 40 minutes for this task.
It is certainly very understandable that some governments should start looking at ways of limiting their populations to a sustainable figure. In the past, populations were partly regulated by frequent war and widespread disease, but in recent years the effects of those factors have been diminished. Countries can be faced with a population that is growing much faster than she nation's food resources or employment opportunities and whose members can be condemned to poverty by the need to feed extra mouths. They identify population control as a'means to raising living standards.
But how should it be achieved? Clearly, this whole area is a very delicate personal and cultural issue. Many people feel that this is not a matter for the state. They feel this is one area of life where they have the right to make decisions for themselves. For that reason, it would seem that the best. approach would be to work by persuasion rather than compulsion This could be done by a process of education that points out the way a smaller family can mean an improved quality of life for the family members, as well as less strain on the country's perhaps very limited, resources.
This is the preferred way. Of course if this docs not succeed within a reasonable time scale, it may be necessary to consider other measures. such as tax incentives or child-benefit payments for small families only. These are midway between persuasion and compulsion.
So. yes. it is sometimes necessary, but governments should try very hard to persuade first. They should also remember that this is a very delicate area indeed, and that social engineering can create as many problems as it solves? | <urn:uuid:24a06ebe-e61c-4301-a6b6-0f2cedb0fc3b> | {
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Subsets and Splits