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Rameswarpur Rameswarpur is a village near Dhamnagar in Bhadrak district of Odisha, India. This settlement was initiated about four centuries ago during the reign of Mughal Emperor Akbar by the "Ghosh Mahashays" who migrated to permanently settle down here, having come as a part of the contingent of Todarmal during his famed survey of India. This small village also boasts of conducting the oldest Durga Puja on record at the same venue anywhere in the world, which continues from the first of the Mahashays. Before the concept of Sarvajanin Durga Puja started, it was being conducted by princely houses and the first such Puja being conducted anywhere in the world at the same venue and continuing till date is in Orissa. It is at Rameswarpur in Bhadrak district of the state, where it was started about four centuries ago by the Mahashay family (Roy family) who migrated in from Kotarang near Howrah as a part of Todarmal's famous survey with Shri Chaitanya Dev of India during Emperor Akbar's rule. Rameswarpur is in the banks of River Genguti. Rameswarpur holds the record of performing the oldest Durga Puja in the World. The Mahashays, who were benevolent Zamindars, gradually lost hold of the land they once owned, still continue the Puja as a part of their centuries old tradition. The family direct bloodline relates to the Luminaries like Annada Shankar Ray whose father incidentally had shifted base to Dhenkanal, also in Orissa following a family feud. The Mahashays were famous for benevolent activities. The Village also conducts the "Raksha Kali" Puja which was initially conducted by the Mahashay family but later converted to "Sarbajanin" by handing over to the villagers as a very large number of animal sacrifices were started by the surrounding villagers during the Puja, which did not go well with the Roy family. The 500-year-old Durga Puja of the Mahashays is still being organised by the Roy family. The Village has a healthy mix of population of all castes and is generally peaceful. References External links Category:Villages in Bhadrak district

Per (film) Per is a 1975 Danish drama film directed by Hans Kristensen. The film was selected as the Danish entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 48th Academy Awards, but was not accepted as a nominee. Agneta Ekmanner received the Bodil Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role for her performance in the film. Cast Ole Ernst as Per Hansen Frits Helmuth as Helge Lorentzen Agneta Ekmanner as Marianne Lorentzen Peter Ronild as Tysk sprængstofekspert Per Årman as Betjent Else Petersen as Fru Petersen Alf Lassen as Vagtmand Søren Steen as Vagtmand Poul Møller as Ekspedient I pornoforretning Holger Munk as Politiinspektør Pernille Grumme as Prostitueret Ingerlise Gaarde as Ekspedient Hans Kristensen as Bilist See also List of submissions to the 48th Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film List of Danish submissions for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film References External links Category:1975 films Category:Danish films Category:Danish drama films Category:Danish-language films Category:1970s drama films Category:Films directed by Hans Kristensen

Amarapuram, Tamil Nadu Amarapuram is a village in the state of Tamil Nadu in India. It is located at the banks of Karamanayar River in Thoothukudi District, about 15 km South of Thiruchendur. Amarapuram is the home of twin temples: Kasankathaperumal and Kasamadiamman Temple and Sudalaimadaswamy and Petchiamman Temple. The main temple festival (Kodai) is held annually in the month of Purataasi. Category:Thoothukudi Category:Villages in Thoothukudi district

Whitley Township, Moultrie County, Illinois Whitley Township is located in Moultrie County, Illinois, United States. As of the 2010 census, its population was 660 and it contained 278 housing units. Geography According to the 2010 census, the township has a total area of , all land. Demographics References External links City-data.com Illinois State Archives Category:Townships in Moultrie County, Illinois Category:Townships in Illinois

H323Plus The H323Plus project, formerly OpenH323, has as goal developing a full featured, open source (MPL) implementation of the H.323 Voice over IP protocol. The code is written in C++ and, through the development effort of numerous people around the world, fully supports the H.323 protocol. The software has been integrated into a number of open source and commercial software products. Software published under the OpenH323 project includes The implementation of VoIP protocols PTLib - a multi-platform C++ class library. Programs based on PTLib can run on both Microsoft Windows and Unix/Linux. The library contains both the “basic” classes (strings, arrays, lists) and the higher-level functionality (networking, multi-threading). H323Plus – a library for the development of H.323 applications. It uses PTLib for platform independence. The library has its own ASN.1 parser that generates the classes for encoding and decoding of the protocol messages used in H.323. Sample network phones implementations OhPhone: Command-line phone OpenPhone: GUI for OpenH323 H.323 Related OpenMCU: Conference server OpenAM: Answering machine OpenIVR: Interactive Voice Response GNU Gatekeeper: H.323 Gatekeeper PSTNGw: Serves as a gateway between H.323 and PSTN CallGen323: H.323 call generator Related Projects Open Phone Abstraction Library (OPAL) External links H323Plus Project page H323Plus programming tutorial PyH323Plus Python bindings for H323Plus using Cython OpenMCU-ru a fork of OpenMCU Category:VoIP software

Yasuhiro Une Yahuhiro Une is a paralympic athlete from Japan competing mainly in category T52 sprinting events. Yasuhiro competed in the 1996 Summer Paralympics where he won gold in the 200m and silver in the 100m. References Category:Paralympic athletes of Japan Category:Athletes (track and field) at the 1996 Summer Paralympics Category:Paralympic gold medalists for Japan Category:Paralympic silver medalists for Japan Category:Living people Category:Medalists at the 1996 Summer Paralympics Category:Year of birth missing (living people)

The Myth of God Incarnate The Myth of God Incarnate is a book edited by John Hick and published by SCM Press in 1977. James Dunn, in a 1980 literature review of academic work on the incarnation, noted the "...well-publicized symposium entitled The Myth of God Incarnate, including contributions on the NT from M. Goulder and F. Young, which provoked several responses." Two years later, in another literature review, R. T. France commented that "theology dropped out of the headlines again, until in 1977 the title, if not the contents, of The Myth of God Incarnate revived public interest". In the 21st century, The Daily Telegraph 2005 obituary for contributor Maurice Wiles (father of Andrew Wiles) described the book as "a highly controversial volume of essays." The controversy prompted a sequel, Incarnation and Myth: the Debate Continued (1979), edited by Michael Goulder, another contributor to the original volume. In the preface to the book, the contributors start by describing their "clear" perception that Christianity has always been a changing and diverse "movement" quoting T. S. Eliot—"Christianity is always adapting itself into something which can be believed." They also explain that they are "convinced" that growing knowledge of Christian origins leads to accepting that Jesus was ... 'a man approved by God' for a special role within the divine purpose," but that later Christian conceptions of him "as God incarnate, the Second Person of the Holy Trinity" were a "mythological or poetic way of expressing his significance for us." The contributors also mention that: "we have met together for discussion five times during the last three years, and we now offer the results in the hope that they will stimulate a wider discussion both inside and outside the churches." Overview The contributors to Hick's collection of essays divided their work into two sections: the first examining "Christian sources"; and the second examining "the development of doctrine." In the preface, however, they note that this division is not absolute, since sources and contemporary issues are related, and discussion of either references the other. Christianity without Incarnation? Maurice Wiles' 10-page introductory chapter to the volume questions whether "the incarnation of God in the particular individual Jesus of Nazareth" is actually essential to Christianity, or whether there can be "a Christianity without (in this sense) incarnation?" He structures his essay in three numbered parts, each of which is a subquestion. Wiles' subquestions explore whether his main question "is (1) a proper, (2) a necessary and (3) a constructive question to ask." A proper question? Regarding his first subquestion, Wiles addresses the "many ears" he expects might find Christianity and incarnation "so nearly synonymous that the suggestion of a possible 'Christianity without incarnation' will sound to them equally paradoxical and unintelligible." He explains that incarnation, in the sense in which he is using the term, is just one "interpretation of the significance of Jesus." Wiles provides three analogies from other Christian thinking to illustrate his meaning: the eucharist, the relationship between the authority and inerrancy of the Bible, and the relationship between incarnation and the virgin birth of Jesus. In each case, abstract doctrines have been so associated with concrete applications, that denials of the concrete applications have historically been seen as denials of the abstract doctrines, hence heresies. However, with the eucharist in particular, Reformation theologians affirmed a meaningful understanding of the eucharist, despite denying the concrete application of transubstantiation—that bread and wine physically become the body and blood of Jesus in the Roman Catholic mass. Wiles concludes that his main question (regarding Christianity without incarnation) is not a contradiction but a proper question, just like the Reformation question regarding a eucharist without transubstantiation. A necessary question? Wiles offers, under three subheadings, three lines of argument in support of his position that "separating 'Christianity' and 'incarnation' is not merely ... admissible ... but ... inescapable." According to Wiles, the question of separation is a necessary question arising from: (a) the origins, (b) the history, and (c) contemporary affirmation of incarnational doctrine. Regarding (a) origins, Wiles contends that, "Incarnation, in its proper sense, is not something directly presented in scripture. It is a construction ..." He acknowledges that New Testament (NT) writers "talk of [Jesus] as God's pre-existent Son come down to earth." However, Wiles' views this as a manner of speech ("one of a number of ways in which Christians thought and spoke of Jesus."). He proposes that it is no longer reasonable, to "the main body even of convinced believers", to speak in such terms as the NT writers, which presume what moderns do not, namely "supernatural divine intervention ... as a natural category of thought and faith." Wiles offers an additional argument for the necessity of questioning the actuality of the incarnation, by expressing dissatisfaction with the intelligibility of (b) historical formulations of incarnational doctrine: "Are we sure that the concept of an incarnate being, one who is both fully God and fully man, is after all an intelligible concept?" Although he concedes that "negative generalizations are notoriously dangerous claims to make," he ventures that "the church has never succeeded in offering a consistent or convincing picture" of how Jesus could actually be both God and man. In particular he suggests a tendency to err in favour of Jesus as divine, citing the seventh century Monothelite controversy and E. L. Mascall as a distinguished exemplar of the traditional view writing at the time Wiles' essay was published. Wiles concludes his grounds for the necessity of his main question by further appeal to (c) the writing of his own contemporaries. He notes that incarnation, as understood in the work of John Baker, for example, is so far removed from the original NT usage, that "it is not genuinely the same idea that is being expressed." Wiles quotes Baker: "Jesus did not see himself ... as a divine pre-existent being from heaven." A constructive question? To conclude his analysis of the value of questioning the actuality of the incarnation, Wiles anticipates that "some people" might "feel" that were such questioning to "lead to the abandonment of traditional incarnational doctrine, that could only be regarded as an entirely negative and destructive outcome." To help allay such fears, Wiles offers three ideas, historically highly valued in Christian traditions and associated with the incarnation but, he argues, are "not necessarily bound to the incarnation and would not therefore be eliminated from a 'Christianity without incarnation'. The first idea, listed as (a), is "the conviction that the physical world can be the carrier of spiritual value." Wiles notes that this anti-dualist position within Christianity, denying strict separation between the spiritual and the physical, is shared with Judaism, which clearly has no doctrine of Jesus as God incarnate. Wiles clarifies that he is proposing a Christianity that retains a genuine broad sense of incarnation of spirituality, especially in its doctrine of creation, just without applying this too strictly to the person of Jesus of Nazareth. The second idea, listed as (b), is "the significance of Jesus as a model for human life." Wiles observes that there has been considerable diversity in what people have considered to be lives patterned on Jesus as the standard; and that even the NT does not provide a comprehensive picture of just precisely how Jesus lived his entire life. He quotes R. H. Lightfoot, who famously declared, "the form of the earthly no less than of the heavenly Christ is for the most part hidden from us." Even given these limitations, Wiles reflects that "on any showing to which the name of Christian could conceivably be given [Jesus'] life would remain of substantial importance to us." So, Wiles suggests, Jesus' significance as a role-model "is not directly affected by the way in which his relationship to God is understood." Before concluding his essay, Wiles considers what he believes to be the most important traditional incarnation-related idea, transformed but retained under his new understanding. Listed as (c), it is the view that in Jesus, "God has acted decisively for the salvation of the world." He anticipates the objection that his transformation would "imply that the worship of Christ, traditional throughout the whole of Christian history, was idolatrous in character." He acknowledges that "It is at this point that the greatest difficulties are likely to be felt. Can they be met?" Although he provides no conclusive answer, Wiles stresses that his new understanding of incarnation could still provide for Jesus to "remain a personal focus of the transforming power of God in the world." Epilogue See also doctrine Council of Chalcedon Council of Nicaea theology Christology God the Son Trinity book Robinson, JAT (1963). Honest to God. SCM. Notes and references Bibliography John Hick, editor (1977). The myth of God incarnate. SCM. Michael Goulder (1979). Incarnation and myth: the debate continued. SCM. — Anne Carr, Review, The Journal of Religion 61 (1981): 212–214. Thomas V. Morris (1986). The Logic of God Incarnate. Description & contents. Wipf & Stock John Hick (2006). The metaphor of God incarnate: Christology in a pluralistic age. 2nd revised edition. Westminster John Knox. reviews Bray, Gerald (1978). Review for Themelios. Gill, Gerry H. (1977). "Myth and Incarnation". Christian Century December 21, p. 1190. McCabe, Herbert (1977). "The Myth of God Incarnate". New Blackfriars 58: 350–357. other Baker, John Austin (1970). The foolishness of God. Longman & Todd. Dunn, James DG (1980). Christology in the making: an enquiry into the origins of the doctrine of the incarnation. SCM. France, Richard Thomas (1981). "The Worship of Jesus―A Neglected Factor In Christological Debate?" Vox Evangelica 12: 19–33. Lightfoot, Robert Henry (1935). History and interpretation of the gospels. Hodder & Stoughton. External links John Hick — official personal website Category:1977 non-fiction books Category:Christology Category:Books about Christianity Category:Religious studies books Category:Books about Jesus Category:SCM Press books

Chuck Quackenbush Charles Quackenbush was a Florida law enforcement officer and former California Republican politician. He served as Insurance Commissioner of California from 1995–2000 and as a California State Assemblyman representing the 22nd District, from 1986–1994. Background and political career As a child, he grew up in a military family and after graduating University of Notre Dame on a full ROTC scholarship, he joined the United States Army and rose to the rank of Captain as a helicopter pilot. In 1982, he left the military to join the family business in Silicon Valley. He was elected as a Republican to the California Assembly in 1986. In 1994 he was elected insurance commissioner, effectively applying considerable campaign contributions from various insurance companies. He won re-election in 1998. At this point, Quackenbush was considered the most promising Republican elected official in the state of California. Resignation Note: For a timeline of the events associated with this section see In early 2000, Cindy Ossias, then a senior lawyer for the California Department of Insurance (CDI), charged the Department with corruption. According to testimony by CDI employees, including Ossias and staff attorney Robert Hagedorn, Commissioner Quackenbush and his top aides abused their positions for personal gain and acted against consumers' interests for many years. After the 1994 Northridge earthquake, it was alleged that Quackenbush allowed insurance companies to compensate their clients much less than the actual damages. In exchange, the insurance companies set up special "educational funds". Those funds were used to create television commercials in which Quackenbush appeared as a basketball referee with Shaquille O'Neal in a Los Angeles Lakers uniform. While couched as public service announcements, suspicions rose that main idea behind the commercials was to increase Quackenbush's name identification, which is critical for electoral success in California statewide races. In addition to the educational funds, those same insurance companies contributed to his wife's unsuccessful 1998 assembly campaign, as well as his children's football camps. Initially, Cindy Ossias blew the whistle as an anonymous source. When her identity was revealed, Quackenbush put her on an administrative leave for violation of attorney client privilege. On June 28, 2000, he announced his resignation (to become effective on July 10). In February 2002, an 18-month investigation conducted by federal, state and Sacramento County prosecutors ended with prosecutors declining to press charges against Quackenbush, as they felt the evidence was not strong enough. Life after insurance commissioner After resigning as California's insurance commissioner, Quackenbush moved to Hawaii, where he was "doing political and military intelligence consulting". Quackenbush then moved to Florida and in 2005 became a sheriff's deputy in Lee County, Florida. In 2007 he was suspended for accepting free food. While working as a sheriff's deputy in February 2008, Quackenbush shot and critically wounded a suspect who was reported as resisting arrest. He was placed on paid leave during the investigation of the shooting. In September 2016, he was forced to resign, after making several racially controversial Facebook postings. At the time of his resignation from the Sheriff Department, he also served as the vice chair of the Lee County Republican Executive Committee and his wife was running for the Lee County school board. References External links The Downfall of California’s Insurance Commissioner, Insurance Journal'', July 2000 Category:Year of birth missing (living people) Category:Living people Category:American people of Dutch descent Category:University of Notre Dame alumni Category:United States Army officers Category:United States Army aviators Category:California Republicans Category:Members of the California State Assembly Category:California Insurance Commissioners Category:American deputy sheriffs

Eschata aida Eschata aida is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Stanisław Błeszyński in 1970. It is found in Bengal. References Category:Myelobiini Category:Moths described in 1970

Ksar El Boukhari District Ksar El Boukhari District is a district of Médéa Province, Algeria. Category:Districts of Algeria Category:Districts of Médéa Province

Carlos Contreras (baseball) Carlos Manuel Contreras (born January 8, 1991) is a Dominican professional baseball pitcher for the Texas AirHogs of the American Association of Independent Professional Baseball. He has played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Cincinnati Reds. Professional career Cincinnati Reds The Cincinnati Reds added Contreras to their 40-man roster after the 2012 season. He was named to appear in the 2013 All Star Futures Game. Contreras was called up to the Reds from the Double-A Pensacola Blue Wahoos on June 21, 2014, and made his debut the same day against the Toronto Blue Jays in the ninth inning. In nine pitches he retired the side and recorded his first major league strikeout. Contreras was released by the Reds on March 15, 2016. Laredo Lemurs On April 20, 2017, Contreras signed with the Laredo Lemurs of the American Association of Independent Professional Baseball. Texas AirHogs When the Lemurs folded before the season started he signed on with the Texas AirHogs. Vaqueros Unión Laguna On June 28, 2017, Contreras left the Texas AirHogs to sign with the Vaqueros Unión Laguna of the Mexican Baseball League. He was released on February 1, 2018. Return to Texas AirHogs On June 17, 2018, Contreras signed with the Texas AirHogs of the American Association. He was released on May 15, 2019. Contreras later re-signed with the AirHogs on August 1, 2019. References External links Category:1991 births Category:Living people Category:All-Star Futures Game players Category:Arizona League Reds players Category:Bakersfield Blaze players Category:Billings Mustangs players Category:Cincinnati Reds players Category:Dayton Dragons players Category:Dominican Republic expatriate baseball players in Mexico Category:Dominican Republic expatriate baseball players in the United States Category:Dominican Summer League Reds players Category:Leones del Escogido players Category:Louisville Bats players Category:Major League Baseball pitchers Category:Major League Baseball players from the Dominican Republic Category:Mexican League baseball pitchers Category:Pensacola Blue Wahoos players Category:Sportspeople from Santo Domingo Category:Texas AirHogs players Category:Toros del Este players Category:Vaqueros Unión Laguna players

Concerto for Two Pianos and Orchestra (Bruch) The Concerto for Two Pianos and Orchestra, Op. 88a, was written by Max Bruch in 1912. It is in 4 movements, written in the rarely seen key of A-flat minor, and takes about 25 minutes to perform. It is sometimes referred to as Bruch's Double Concerto, although this could also refer to his Concerto for Clarinet, Viola, and Orchestra, Op. 88 (1911). There are claims that the two-piano concerto is based on the earlier concerto, but thematically these two works seem to have little or nothing in common, and this supposed relationship seems to be an erroneous assumption based purely on the works having similar opus numbers. Structure The movements are: I. Andante sostenuto II. Andante con moto – Allegro molto vivace III. Adagio ma non troppo IV. Andante – Allegro. History In 1911, Bruch had heard the American duo-pianist sisters Rose and Ottilie Sutro play his Fantasy in D minor for 2 pianos, Op. 11, and was so delighted that he agreed to write a double concerto for them. Bruch did not write an entirely fresh piece, but reworked music he had been writing for his planned Suite No. 3 for Organ and Orchestra (also referred to as his Orchestral Suite No. 3). The Suite used some melodies that Bruch had heard on Good Friday 1904, while convalescing in Capri, and these melodies appear in the concerto. Bruch gave the Sutro sisters the sole performing rights to the work. Without Bruch's permission, however, they rewrote the concerto themselves to suit their pianistic abilities, copyrighting their version and depositing it with the Library of Congress in 1916. They performed the premiere of this version with the Philadelphia Orchestra under Leopold Stokowski on 29 December 1916. In 1917 they played a further revised version of the work, with the number of movements reduced from four to three, with the New York Philharmonic under Josef Stránský. Bruch himself conducted a private rehearsal of the concerto with the Sutro sisters in Berlin, but gave permission for it to be played only in the United States (it is not clear from the source which version this was; apparently he knew that the Sutros had made revisions, but to what extent is not known). The Sutros withdrew the concerto after the second performance and never played it again. They never played Bruch's original version at all. But they continued to make revisions to their version, amounting to thousands of changes, the last by Ottilie as late as 1961 (Rose having died in 1957). Ottilie died in September 1970, aged 98. Some of her miscellaneous scores, manuscripts and newspaper cuttings were auctioned in January 1971. The pianist Nathan Twining purchased a box of unidentified papers for $11, and it proved to contain the autograph score of Rose and Ottilie's version of Bruch's concerto, a work unknown to him. The orchestral parts for the original version were bought by other people at the same auction, and Twining managed to track them down and buy the parts back from them. He and Martin Berkofsky then reconstructed Bruch's original version, and they recorded it for the first time in November 1973, with the London Symphony Orchestra under Antal Doráti. The concerto has also been arranged as a work for six hands at three pianos, by Wilhelm Brückner-Rüggeberg. The knowledge of the existence of the concerto has its own peculiar history. It was listed in the 5th edition (1954) of Grove's Dictionary, as Op. 88, but it was not listed in the New Grove in 1980 at all. It now appears in references as Op. 88a. Recordings In addition to the 1973 premiere recording mentioned above, the Concerto for Two Pianos and Orchestra has been recorded by: Güher and Süher Pekinel, with the Philharmonia Orchestra under Sir Neville Marriner Martin Berkofsky again, this time with David Hagan, with the Berlin Symphony Orchestra under Lutz Herbig Katia and Marielle Labèque, with the Philharmonia under Semyon Bychkov Robert Cowan and Joan Yarborough, with the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra under Paul Freeman. References External links Bruch Category:Concertos by Max Bruch Category:1912 compositions Category:Compositions in A-flat minor

Veerolipadam Veerolipadam is a village in Thrissur district of Kerala, India. It is located in Thekkumkara Gram Panchayath. References Category:Villages in Thrissur district

Hrazdan mine The Hrazdan mine is a large mine in the center of Armenia in Kotayk Province. Hrazdan represents one of the largest iron reserve in Armenia having estimated reserves of 77 million tonnes of ore grading 40% iron. References Category:Iron mines in Armenia

Dichelopa vaccinii Dichelopa vaccinii is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found on Rapa Iti in the South Pacific Ocean. References Category:Moths described in 1971 Category:Dichelopa

Erasmus D. Keyes Erasmus Darwin Keyes (May 29, 1810 – October 14, 1895) was a businessman, banker, and military general, noted for leading the IV Corps of the Union Army of the Potomac during the first half of the American Civil War. Early life and career Keyes was born in Brimfield, Massachusetts. While still a youth, he moved with his family to Kennebec County, Maine. Although his father, Justus, was renowned as a physician and surgeon, Erasmus decided to pursue a military career and enrolled in the United States Military Academy. He graduated 10th out of a class of 45 in 1832, and was commissioned a brevet second lieutenant in the 3rd U.S. Artillery. Keyes served in Charleston Harbor during the nullification crisis of 1832–33, and served as an aide to General Winfield Scott from 1837 to 1841. Keyes was promoted to captain on November 30, 1841. He served in various garrisons until 1844 and then functioned as an artillery and cavalry instructor at West Point. During 1844, he was a member of the Academy's Board of Visitors. After his service at West Point, he was then sent with the 3rd U.S. Artillery Regiment in 1854 around Cape Horn to California and served on the Pacific frontier in garrison duty and campaigns until 1860. While there Keyes served in the Pacific Northwest from the winter of 1855 in the Puget Sound War. Keyes's artillery Company M was sent to Fort Steilacoom. While there, in January 1856, he made two attempts to capture Chief Leschi but without success. March 4, 1856, he and 100 Regulars fought a skirmish at the White River and Muckleshoot Prairie. During the Spokane – Coeur d'Alene – Paloos War Captain Keyes was sent ahead with a detachment of dragoons to establish Fort Taylor and a ferry crossing the Snake River for Colonel George Wright's army. In the following campaign he commanded four companies of rifle armed artillerymen against the allied tribes at the Battle of Four Lakes. Shortly after this battle, Keyes received his commission of major on October 12, 1858. General Scott appointed Keyes his military secretary on January 1, 1860, a position Keyes filled until April 1861. Civil War At the outbreak of the Civil War, Keyes was promoted to colonel of the 11th U.S. Infantry on May 14, 1861. He then served briefly on the staff of New York Governor Edwin D. Morgan until June 25, 1861, overseeing that state's raising of militia. At the First Battle of Bull Run, Keyes commanded the 1st Brigade, 1st Division (Tyler), and then led Keyes's Brigade, before assuming command of a division from November 9, 1861, to March 13, 1862. In August 1861 he was promoted to the rank of brigadier general of volunteers with date of rank of May 17, 1861, the third-ranking brigadier general in the Army. On March 14, 1862, President Lincoln issued an order forming the Army of the Potomac into corps, Keyes receiving command of the new IV Corps. When Maj. Gen. George B. McClellan's Peninsula Campaign against Richmond was organized in the spring of 1862, Keyes led in unexceptionable fashion. Keyes saw action at Lee's Mill, Yorktown, Bottom's Bridge, Savage's Station, Seven Pines (Fair Oaks), Charles City Cross Roads, Malvern Hill, and Harrison's Landing. For gallantry at Fair Oaks, Keyes received the brevet of brigadier general in the regular army. After the Seven Days Battles, McClellan promoted all his corps and division commanders to the rank of major general, aside from Keyes, who did not receive a promotion and remained a brigadier general. When the army returned to Washington D.C. in early August, Keyes and one of the two IV Corps divisions were permanently left behind on the Peninsula as part of General John Dix's Department of the James. On March 12, 1863, President Abraham Lincoln nominated Keyes for promotion to the grade of major general, U.S. Volunteers, to rank from May 5, 1862 and the U.S. Senate confirmed the award on March 13, 1863. In addition to the IV Corps, he commanded the Yorktown District, VII Corps, and the division at Suffolk. Among Keyes's other actions were the raid to White House, Virginia, on January 7, 1863, and the expedition to West Point, Virginia, on May 7, 1863. During the Gettysburg Campaign in 1863, Keyes fell afoul of General John Adams Dix's strategic plan to demonstrate heavily against Richmond in order to divert Confederate reinforcements from General Robert E. Lee's army in Pennsylvania. Keyes retreated from a position near what is now Talleysville, Virginia, in the face of what Dix deemed to be inferior forces, so Dix had Keyes removed from command. Although Keyes asked for an investigation of the charges that led to his removal, the request was never granted. He then served on various boards and commissions, including the board for retiring disabled officers from July 15, 1863, until his resignation and retirement from the army on May 6, 1864. Postbellum activities Following his war service, Keyes moved to San Francisco, where he soon became financially successful and prominent. He converted to Catholicism in San Francisco in 1866. He was president of a Mexican gold mining company in 1867–1869, and vice president of the California vine-culture society from 1868 to 1872. He also was engaged in the savings and loan business. General Keyes became a member of the California Commandery of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States - a military society of Union officers and their descendants. Keyes was the author of The Rear Guard at Malvern Hill as part of The Century Company's Battles and Leaders of the Civil War series, as well as Fifty Years' Observation of Men and Events (New York, 1884). This was later reprinted as Fighting Indians in Washington Territory (Fairfax, Washington, 1988). His work From West Point to California was published posthumously in 1950. While on a trip to Europe with his wife, Keyes died in Nice, France, at age 85. He is buried in West Point Cemetery. See also List of American Civil War generals (Union) List of Massachusetts generals in the American Civil War Massachusetts in the Civil War Notes References Bancroft, Hubert H. History of Washington, Idaho, and Montana, 1845-1889. San Francisco: The History Company, 1890. . Boatner, Mark Mayo, III. The Civil War Dictionary. New York: McKay, 1988. . First published 1959 by McKay. Eicher, John H., and David J. Eicher. Civil War High Commands. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2001. . Meehan, Thomas. "Erasmus Darwin Keyes." In The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 8. New York: Robert Appleton Co., 1910. Rodenbough, Theophilus F., and William L. Haskin. The Army of the United States: Historical Sketches of Staff and Line with Portraits of Generals-in-Chief. New York: Maynard, Merrill, and Co., 1896. . Further reading Sears, Stephen W. To the Gates of Richmond: The Peninsula Campaign. Ticknor and Fields, 1992. . External links Category:1810 births Category:1895 deaths Category:People of Maine in the American Civil War Category:People from Brimfield, Massachusetts Category:Union Army generals Category:United States Military Academy alumni Category:People from Kennebec County, Maine Category:Burials at West Point Cemetery

The Big Show (1923 film) The Big Show is the ninth Our Gang short subject comedy released. The Our Gang series (later known as "The Little Rascals") was created by Hal Roach in 1922, and continued production until 1944. Plot After being chased away from the county fair, the gang decides to open their own junior version of the fair, complete with wild animal displays, rides, and animal stunts. To top it off, they give a live performance set inside a giant movie frame, and impersonate several popular film stars of the day. Notes When the television rights for the original silent Pathé Our Gang comedies were sold to National Telepix and other distributors, several episodes were retitled. This film was released into TV syndication as Mischief Makers in 1960 under the title "County Fair". About two-thirds of the original film was included. The second half of the film features a sequence with a handful of the "Our Gang" kids impersonating various popular movie stars of the day. Hal Roach had the idea for this scene after auditioning newcomer Andy Samuel. Andy decided to show Roach his impersonation of Charlie Chaplin; he also does his Chaplin impersonation in this film. In addition, Mickey Daniels imitates Douglas Fairbanks, Jack Davis imitates William S. Hart, Mary Kornman impersonates Mary Pickford, an unidentified kid impersonates Harold Lloyd, and Ernest Morrison imitates Uncle Tom (from the play Uncle Tom's Cabin). Cast The Gang Joe Cobb as Joe Jackie Condon as Jackie Mickey Daniels as Mickey / Douglas Fairbanks Jack Davis as Jack / William S. Hart Allen Hoskins as Farina Mary Kornman as Mary / Mary Pickford Ernie Morrison as Booker T. / Uncle Tom Richard Billings as Muggsy Andy Samuel as Andy / Charlie Chaplin Additional cast Elmo Billings as Kid at fair Roy Brooks as De Rues Dick Gilbert as Security guard Dinah the Mule as Herself External links Category:1923 films Category:Hal Roach Studios short films Category:American silent short films Category:American black-and-white films Category:Films directed by Robert F. McGowan Category:American films Category:1920s comedy films Category:Our Gang films Category:Comedy short films

Dignity Strike in Syria Strike for Dignity (, the Karamah Strike, transliterated: ) was a nationwide general strike organised by groups in the Syrian Civil War in December 2011 as a nonviolent expression of dissent against the government of Bashar al-Assad during the Syrian civil war. It is significant as one of the very few strikes during the four decades of Ba'ath Party rule in Syria. History Background The Syrian civil war, is an ongoing armed conflict in Syria between forces loyal to the Syrian Ba'ath Party government and those seeking to oust it. A nonviolent demonstration of approximately 150 participants emerged in Damascus' Hamidiya Market area on 15 March 2011; then on Friday, 18 March 2011, four Syrian cities (Dara, Banyas, Homs, and Damascus) saw what appear to be much larger protest crowds take to the streets. Three young men protesting in the city of Dara were allegedly shot and killed on 18 March 2011 by government military forces sent to repress the nonviolent demonstrations, triggering more protests in the ensuing days. Grassroots demonstrations, predominantly nonviolent, grew into a nationwide movement by April 2011. These demonstrations in Syria occurred in the context of the wider Middle Eastern protest movement known as the Arab Spring. Protesters' discourse demanded freedom and dignity; an end to martial law (in place since March, 1963); the release of prisoners of conscience; and the resignation of President Bashar al-Assad, whose family has held the presidency in Syria since 1971; as well as the end to over four decades of Ba'ath Party rule. Strike for Dignity The Syrian Nonviolence Movement along with civil resistance groups in Syria such as the Local Coordination Committees of Syria, working together under an umbrella group called Freedom Days Syria, called for a general strike on 11 December 2011 to express dissent against the Syrian government in a nonviolent way. The organisers of the strike claimed that the strike would contribute to weakening the government and could lead eventually to its fall. The strike had six different stages which progressed toward widespread, organized civil disobedience. Activities included sit-ins and closure of shops and universities, followed by the shutdown of transportation networks and a general public sector strike. Groups in the uprising used social media to spreads the call for the strike, as well as using SMS, voice calls, and emails. Many news channels announced the details of the strikes beforehand. The opposition called the Friday of 9 December 2011 that preceded the strike as Friday of the Dignity Strike. Reactions and responses From the Syrian government The Syrian government reportedly responded to the strike by deploying elements of its repressive apparatus and by using violence. In some cities, the government reportedly deployed tanks mounted with machine guns to try to put an end to the general strike. Security forces reportedly told striking shopkeepers to open up their stores or they would be smashed. There are reports that government troops burned down at least 178 stores and shops in the city of Daraa to punish civilians who closed their stores and shops for the strike. Attacks by security forces on participating stores triggered clashes with the Free Syrian army in at least one area. Some amateur footage on social media networks showed security forces breaking the locks of stores participating in the strike. Government security forces seized one private school in Damascus which supported the strike, ousting the school founder as well as the headmistress, and appointing a government official from the Ministry of Education to supervise the school and see that it stayed open. It was reported that security forces also burned an Aleppo factory that was participating in the strike. The Syrian Arab News Agency, run by the Syrian state, blamed the strike on "provocative parties" acting "within the framework of the political and economic campaign launched by powers hostile to Syria, which aim to undermine economic and social activities in the country and to disable public life". From groups involved in the dissent movement The Local Coordination Committees of Syria documented more than 600 points that participated in the Strike across Syria. The expatriated opposition body called the Syrian National Council said in a statement that the "Dignity Strike" launched that Sunday was widely observed in 12 provinces across Syria "against all expectations." "Nadi al-Tufula" (Club Childhood), a small private elementary school in Damascus founded by women with a history of teaching nonviolence, tried to join the strike. School staff made the decision public by posting notice on the school entrance indicating that the school would be closed in observance of the strike. The Syrian Observatory for Human Rights announced that the strike was being "very widely observed" in southern Syria's Daraa province, Idlib, Homs area and the Damascus countryside. Dignity Disobedience References Category:2011 in the Syrian Civil War

John Ketcham (Indiana) John Ketcham (September 10, 1782 – February 5, 1865) was an American self-taught surveyor, building contractor and judge. Early years John was the son of Daniel Ketcham and Keziah Pigmon Lewis and born in Washington County, Maryland. His father signed the Patriot's Oath of Allegiance in 1778. In May, 1784 the Ketchams left Maryland to Louisville, Kentucky eventually settling near Shelbyville, Kentucky where John spent his early years. Native fighting From 1809 through 1818 fighting Native Americans was almost an everyday occurrence with the few settlers in south central Indiana. In 1811, Ketcham moved to Fort Vallonia. Ketcham's Fort was built on Ketcham's land and lay between Huff's fort and the Fort Vallonia in what is now Jackson County making it of vital importance for settlers for security and safety prior to and after the Treaty of Grouseland. Most of the fighting between settlers and Indians took place from 1812 to 1813. In his own words: In Jackson County Col. John Ketcham, founding father of Brownstown, gained both fame and fortune from his Indian hunting escapades performed as a young man in this very area. His father was the hero of a hair raising adventure as an Indian captive. Col. John accumulated titles during his lifetime that yet today make any man envious of his reputation. Among them were colonel, judge honorable (from serving the State Legislature), and he was also a self-taught surveyor and building contractor. One of his most highly prized titles, however, was that of one of Gen. Andrew Jackson's electors. He also was listed as one of the first trustees of Indiana University. The Ketcham family can trace its history back to 1590 when the original Edward Ketcham was born in England. He emigrated to America in 1629 and the Ketchams remained in the East until a great grandson of Edward, Daniel Ketcham, came to the West in 1784, settling in Shelby Co., Ky. Daniel was the father of Col. John Ketcham and eight other children. John was two years old when his father made the trip to Kentucky and has mentioned the journey in his memoirs. He was said to have told his story about the trip: "When coming down the Ohio river on a raft, a wildcat was spotted on a tree branch over-hanging the river, was shot and it fell before me on the boat." Though John's father was presented with 1,400 acres of land by the government in Shelby County, Ky., things were not to be easy for him and his family. In 1792, Daniel was carried away by a band of Tawa (Ottawa) Indians who led him on a march lasting several days. The Indians forced Daniel to many hardships carrying full pack while marching through the wilds and fording rivers. After several days of this, Daniel pretended to be injured and began limping. The Indians relieved him of his pack and he proceeded easier. However, while crossing a log bridge, he ran and forgot to hobble. The Indians noticed and immediately loaded him with all he could bear. Eventually the group came to a large camp near Detroit. Daniel was kept prisoner until, one day, the Indians led him to a stake where a fire had been prepared. He was blackened and made ready to die in the fire when an Indian maiden decorated with "fully 500 silver broaches," came forth, denounced the group and took the man to herself. She cared for him until later, he was able to escape the tribe and made his way into Canada, then back to his original home in Maryland. Finally he was able to return to Kentucky. It was said his wife and family there never had given up hope for his return. His wife, when he had been captured, kept the neighbors from pursuing the Indian group lest Daniel be the victim of a tomahawk death, for she believed that God, in His Providence, would bring him back to her. Two years later Daniel returned. In 1803, John Ketcham was married in Kentucky to Elizabeth Pearsy. They had 12 children, six were born in Kentucky and six were born in the Indiana Territory, for in 1811 the family traveled to Indiana and settled in Jackson County, very near to the property that later John sold to the county. The area still was overrun with Indians, some of whom professed friendliness. But most of them were unhappy over the constant pushing westward and northward they were receiving by the signing of treaties with the white men. The Ten O'Clock Treaty, signed in 1809, and the Treaty of Grouseland, signed in 1805, formed a perfect triangular boundary, of which this area was in the southernmost part. With forts in Vincennes, Terre Haute and Fort Wayne, the area was not particularly well guarded. But, eventually the Indians were to be forced from it. During the period from 1809 through 1818, Indian fighting was an everyday occurrence with the few settlers in the area that braved the wild and hostile Indian tribes. Temporary forts were built to allow the homesteaders to clear and till the soil and find safety at night inside the protecting walls of the forts. They were built on a line south of just south of Vallonia through Brownstown and on toward the east. The Vallonia fort was manned with 100 troops of the territory militia and afforded protection nearby to the other small forts on up the way. Ketcham's Fort was located on or near the spot where the Asher Woodmansee home now stands and was occupied by a few brave families. Only the other fort, Huff's Fort, lay between Ketcham and Vallonia all that time. Col. Ketcham became one of the fiercest Indian fighters in this area of the Indiana Territory. Some of his escapades are well worth retelling here, most of the information coming from memoirs that the colonel wrote himself a few years before his death in 1865. Most of the action took place during the years of 1812–1813. The troubled area, as he put it, was in that portion of the Indiana Territory, commonly called the "Forks," situated between the Muscatatuck and Driftwood fork of the White River. The Indians were numerous and friendly in that area before the Tippecanoe battle in 1811. However, the Delaware tribe expressed disapproval of the battle and many left the territory then, but several remained, enough that white settlers were not without fear. Constant harassment was given the white settlers with occasional murder and horse thievery being committed by the Indians, but no large battles with the whites. In April, 1812, Ketcham recalled a white man was murdered near Ketcham's fort and the colonel and another man retrieved the body, found stripped and thrown in the river. The next day, three Indians came to Ketcham's door. They could speak pretty good English, and the colonel asked them what was new. They replied, "None." Ketcham asked them to accompany him to the site of the murder. They agreed. However, Ketcham's wife begged him not to go with them as did his children. When they had gotten a mile or so away, the Indians said they would go no farther as it would make the white men mad. So they returned to Ketcham's place to find his wife and children had vanished. They had expected an ambush from the Indians and had hidden in the forest. When some other white men saw the Indians they drove them off. About 10 days afterward, there came two Indians with white flags and a note from the Delaware tribe that the trouble had been caused by the Kickapoo tribe, and was not the Delaware. The two Indian messengers stayed on in the fort working for the white men after the peaceful settlement. There were nearly 70 families in the forts at that time, but, after several more murders, about 50 families left and went back to Kentucky to safer territory. The balance of 15 or 18 families were determined not to leave and had built blockhouses for protection. For a time, life continued unchanged, with the Indians stealing horses from within 15 steps of the white men and ambushing the settlers at every chance. On one occasion, the Indians had slipped into the white man's camp and stole some horses. Upon being discovered the settlers gave pursuit to the fleeing Indians and John Ketcham, while directing the chase, was shot. Shortly after this episode, he enlisted for two years in the territory militia. He fought under Gen. John Tipton and participated in many Indian battles, including the one on Tipton's Island, which got its name from the Indian fights there with Tipton's men. Ketcham killed and scalped an Indian on his first trip out with the troops and became at once to be known as a brave Indian fighter. He was carried on the muster roll as First Sergeant. On one campaign he was away from home for 88 days and lived on a week's simple rations. He was a ranger in the militia and received a dollar a day in pay, "sustaining himself" as he put it, which meant finding his own food to eat and clothes to wear. After Gen. Tipton's rough treatment of the Indians at the battle of Tipton's Island, Ketcham said, the Indians retreated and were more wary of their new neighbors. Ketcham was released from the service in 1815 and returned to his home in Jackson County. Two humorous tales he told about his service concerned fording a creek on horseback. The creek was flooded and difficult to cross. He and his friend's horses became mired and stuck fast in the mud. The friend, Jack Storm, had his name attached to the creek and it remains so to this day as Jack's Defeat in Monroe County. The stream empties into Beanblossom creek, which also got its name from a man named Beanblossom who, while riding with General Tipton, almost drowned while crossing the stream. Tipton named the creek Beanblossom which is very familiar to everyone who has been to Brown County. After Ketcham's discharge from the service, he was honored by Gov. William Henry Harrison with rank of colonel in a regiment of the state's militia. He also was presented a tract of land and named one of General Andrew Jackson's electors for 1836 Presidential election. In 1816, before he left Jackson county, he sold to the county government 153.4 acres of ground for 8 dollars per acre, donating the block of land where the Jackson County courthouse now stands for as long as it was used for a courthouse. He also helped lay out the town of Brownstown, the location of which was picked because of its central geographical location in the county. In 1818, Col. Ketcham moved to Monroe County, six or seven miles from Bloomington near Ellettsville. He built a grist mill on Clear Creek the first year and became known far and wide for his service. When the city of Bloomington was laid out in 1818, Ketcham was asked to design and contract for building of the first courthouse there. He became known for his kindness and generosity, and was said to never have turned down a request from a poor family member or traveler at his door. He was elected to the Indiana Legislature, received a judgeship from General Harrison, was appointed a trustee of the Indiana Seminary, and served as colonel in the Twentieth Regiment of the state militia. He also established the Ketcham cemetery in Bloomington where today his remains are buried. He and a co-worker establish a Methodist religious school on grounds at the south end of College Avenue in Bloomington. It was a frame building 30 by 60 feet and later enlarged. It could be said that he was the first trustee of Indiana University, then Indiana Seminary and the Indiana Pioneer Historical Society lists him that way. A chapel was built on the I.U. campus totally financed by the official I.U. chaplain, F.O. Beck and his wife, Daisy Ketcham Beck. Stone used in the building was quarried from Col. John's original farm to make the project more realistic. In 1815, Ketcham was released from the service and returned to his home in Jackson County. He was honored by Gov. William Henry Harrison with rank of colonel in a regiment of the state's militia. In 1816, before he left Jackson county, he sold to the county government of ground for 8 dollars per acre, donating the block of land where the Jackson County Courthouse now stands for as long as it was used for a courthouse. In, 1816 Ketcham received a judgeship from General William Henry Harrison and remained in that position until 1817. In Monroe County In 1818, Col. Ketcham moved to Monroe County six or from Bloomington near Victor and Harrodsburg. He built a gristmill on Clear Creek the first year and became known far and wide for his service. When the city of Bloomington was laid out in 1818, Ketcham was asked to design and contract for building of the first courthouse there. In 1836, Ketcham was named one of General Andrew Jackson's electors for the Presidential election of that year. He served in the Indiana House of Representatives. Ketcham was later appointed a trustee of the Indiana Seminary which would become Indiana University. Ketcham and a co-worker established a Methodist religious school on grounds at the south end of College Avenue in Bloomington. Col. John is buried in the Ketcham family cemetery in Monroe County. The family cemetery is still maintained by family members. In popular culture Ketcham features in The Amityville Horror films and books as a reason why the house at 112 Ocean Avenue is haunted and why Ronald DeFeo Jr. killed his family. Both the film and book say that Ketcham moved from Salem and into Amityville; Ketcham—in the 1979 and 2005 films—was said to have killed multiple native Americans and himself in a secret part of the house—in the basement. The extract from the novel states: Sources External links Ft. Vallonia Indiana political graveyard Indiana Historical Bureau Rootsweb, Richland Township Category:Indiana Territory officials Category:American surveyors Category:People from Indiana in the War of 1812 Category:People from Jackson County, Indiana Category:People from Monroe County, Indiana Category:Members of the Indiana House of Representatives Category:1782 births Category:1865 deaths Category:People from Washington County, Maryland Category:Burials in Indiana

1995 in spaceflight This article outlines notable events occurring in 1995 in spaceflight, including major launches and EVAs. Launches |colspan="8"| January |- |colspan="8"| February |- |colspan="8"| March |- |colspan="8"| April |- |colspan="8"| May |- |colspan="8"| June |- |colspan="8"| July |- |colspan="8"| August |- |colspan="8"| September |- |colspan="8"| October |- |colspan="8"| November |- |colspan="8"| December |- |} Deep Space Rendezvous EVAs References Footnotes Category:Spaceflight by year

Farwell School The Farwell School is a historic school building at 509 River Road (New Hampshire Route 12A) in the North Charlestown village of Charlestown, New Hampshire. Built in 1890, it is one of two Romanesque Revival buildings in the town, and the only one executed in stone. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990. It is now part of the North Charlestown Community School. Description and history The Farwell School stands in the village of North Charlestown, on the west side of River Road (NH 12A) south of its junction with Ox Brook Road. It is a single-story stone structure, built out of rusticated granite and covered by a hip roof. The right side has a rounded single-story turret, and the peak of the ridge has a small belfry at its left end. A gabled pavilion projects slightly from the center of the front facade, with the entry recessed under a rounded archway, and a clapboarded gable finish above. A band of three casement windows extends to the left of the entrance, with a similar group of four on the left side. The building has been extended to its rear with more modern facilities. The school was designed by the Detroit, Michigan firm of Ward & McFarland and built in 1890. It is one of two Romanesque Revival buildings in the town, and the only one executed in stone. The school was paid for by Jesse Farwell, a Detroit businessman born in Charlestown, who also contributed to the cost of land acquisition. The building was maintained for many years by a community trust established by the Farwells. See also National Register of Historic Places listings in Sullivan County, New Hampshire References Category:School buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in New Hampshire Category:Romanesque Revival architecture in New Hampshire Category:School buildings completed in 1889 Category:Buildings and structures in Sullivan County, New Hampshire Category:Charlestown, New Hampshire Category:National Register of Historic Places in Sullivan County, New Hampshire Category:Historic district contributing properties in New Hampshire

Karl Magnus Satre Karl Magnus Satre (February 6, 1904 – January 14, 1955) was a Norwegian-born American skier. He was a member of the U.S. Olympic Team in 1936. Karl Magnus Satre (né Sætre) was born at Trysil in Hedmark, Norway. He was a brother of Olympic skier Paul Ottar Satre. He emigrated to the United States in 1927 and settled in Salisbury, CT. He competed in cross-country skiing and Nordic combined at the 1936 Winter Olympics in Garmisch-Partenkirchen. He was six times American champion in Nordic combined. . References External links Category:1907 births Category:1967 deaths Category:People from Trysil Category:Norwegian emigrants to the United States Category:American male Nordic combined skiers Category:American male cross-country skiers Category:Olympic Nordic combined skiers of the United States Category:Olympic cross-country skiers of the United States Category:Nordic combined skiers at the 1936 Winter Olympics Category:Cross-country skiers at the 1936 Winter Olympics

Granary Books Granary Books is an independent small press, directed by Steve Clay, who sees its mission as one "to produce, promote, document, and theorize new works exploring the intersection of word, image, and page." Located in New York City, its trade books are distributed by D.A.P./Distributed Art Publishers and Small Press Distribution. The poet and translator Jerome Rothenberg wrote of Granary Books: "In the true history of American poetry...Granary Books, as a press & resource, is exemplary of how poets & related artists in the post-World War Two era were able to establish shadow institutions that operated, nearly successfully, outside the frame of any & all self-proclaimed poetic mainstreams." History Granary Books moved from Minneapolis, Minnesota to New York City in late 1988. Archivist, author, curator, and publisher Steve Clay says that he backed his way into publishing through his interest in "the ways in which writing was distributed on the margins, the kind of sociology of book distribution among small presses, and the poets who were producing work that was primarily published in small presses," along with his interest in booksellers such as Phoenix Book Shop, the Eighth Street Book Shop, Asphodel, Serendipity, Sand Dollar, Gotham and City Lights. Its first publication (published as Origin Books in 1986) was Noah Webster to Wee Lorine Niedecker by Jonathan Williams. Clay says that publishing "became more self-conscious as a project" and "serious in its ambition" in 1991 with the publication of Nods, with text by John Cage and drawings by Barbara Farhner. Since then, many of Granary Books' publications have continued to be collaborations or pairings between poets/writers and visual artists. Starting in the mid-nineties Granary Books began publishing books that contextualize scholarship in the history of small press publishing, poetry, and artists' books. These include Johanna Drucker's The Century of Artists' Books, Jerome Rothenberg and Steve Clay's A Book of the Book: Some Works & Projections About the Book & Writing, Steve Clay and Rodney Phillips's A Secret Location on the Lower East Side, and Betty Bright's No Longer Innocent: Book Art in America 1960–1980. Publishing The author, book artist, visual theorist, and cultural critic Johanna Drucker described Granary Books' publishing aesthetic as "late twentieth-century fine press meets literary experiment and innovative arts." As of August 2014, Granary Books has a checklist with over 160 publications that includes limited editions and trade editions of poetry, artists books, and books about books. Limited Editions (selected) John Ashbery and Trevor Winkfield. Faster Than Birds Can Fly, 2009. Jen Bervin and Marta Werner. The Gorgeous Nothings: Emily Dickinson's Envelope-Poems, 2012. John Cage and Barbara Fahrner. Nods, 1991. Henrik Drescher. Too Much Bliss, 1992. Johanna Drucker. Stochastic Poetics, 2012. Vincent Katz and Francesco Clemente. Alcuni Telefonini, 2008. Terence McKenna and Timothy C. Ely. Synesthesia, 1992. Emily McVarish. Flicker, 2005. Ron Padgett and George Schneeman. Yodeling into a Kotex, 2003. Jerome Rothenberg and Susan Bee. The Burning Babe, 2005. Edward Sanders, A Book of Glyphs, 2014. Leslie Scalapino and Kiki Smith. The Animal is in the World Like Water in Water, 2010. Buzz Spector. A Passage, 1994. Cecilia Vicuña, Chanccani Quipu, 2012. Marjorie Welish and James Siena. Oaths? Questions?, 2009. John Yau and Max Gimblett. The Book of the Anonymous, 2012. Trade Editions (selected) David Antin and Charles Bernstein. A Conversation with David Antin, 2002. Ted Berrigan, Ron Padget and Joe Brainard. Bean Spasms, 2012. Joe Brainard. I Remember, 2001. Steven Clay and Rodney Phillips. A Secret Location on the Lower East Side: Adventures in Writing, 1960–1980: A Sourcebook of Information, 1998. Simon Cutts. Some Forms of Availability, 2007. Johanna Drucker. The Century of Artists' Books, 2004. Lyn Hejinian. A Border Comedy, 2001. Piero Heliczer. A Purchase in the White Botanica, 2001. Ligorano/Reese with Gerrit Lansing. Turning Leaves of Mind, 2003. Jackson Mac Low. Doings: Assorted Performance Pieces 1955–2002, 2005. Jerome Rothenberg and Steven Clay, ed. A Book of the Book: Some Works & Projections about the Book & Writing, 2000. Edward Sanders, A Book of Glyphs, 2014. Lewis Warsh and Julie Harrison, Debtor's Prison, 2001. Lewis Warsh and Anne Waldman, eds. Angel Hair Sleeps with a Boy in My Head: The Angel Hair Anthology, 2001. Archives In addition to publishing, Granary Books is involved in the preservation and sale of archives, manuscripts, and rare books by important contemporary writers and artists from the 1960s forward. Some of the archives that Granary Books has placed include: Charles Bernstein, Burning Deck Press, Ira Cohen (The Bardo Matrix, Gnaoua, and The Great Society featuring Angus MacLise, Jack Smith, and Piero Heliczer), Clark Coolidge, Robert Creeley, Ray DiPalma, Richard Foreman (Ontological-Hysteric Theater), Kathleen Fraser, Susan Howe, Susan King, Joanne Kyger, Ann Lauterbach, Bernadette Mayer, The Poetry Project at St. Mark’s Church (literary organization archive), M/E/A/N/I/N/G (art journal archive), Patty [Oldenberg] Mucha (New York City Artworld in the Sixties & Seventies), Ron Padgett, Carolee Schneemann, Leslie Scalapino, Patti Smith (featured in the Janet Hamill Archive), Lewis Warsh, Marjorie Welish, Jane [Brakhage] Wodening, and Woodland Pattern Book Center (literary organization archive). Granary Books has placed archives in: The Library of Congress; Beinecke Library at Yale University; Fales Library at New York University, Mandeville Special Collections Library at University of California, San Diego; Bancroft Library at UC Berkeley; New York Public Library, John Hay Library at Brown University; and Green Library at Stanford University, among others. In 2013, Columbia University Libraries/Information Services’ Rare Book & Manuscript Library acquired the archive of Granary Books which includes over thirty years of materials which reflects the complete history of the press. Threads Talk Series Steve Clay and Kyle Schlesinger have curated a series of talks since 2009 about the art of the book featuring poets, scholars, artists, and publishers. The talks are recorded before a small audience at Granary Books and made available on PennSound. Speakers have included Alan Loney, Charles Alexander, Simon Cutts, Jerome Rothenberg, Cecilia Vicuña, Jen Bervin, Kathleen Walkup, Johanna Drucker, Keith Smith, Richard Minsky, and Emily McVarish. References Further reading Clay, Steven. When Will the Book be Done?: Granary's Books. Preface by Charles Bernstein. New York: Granary Books, 2001. Schlesinger, Kyle. Poems & Pictures: A Renaissance in the Art of the Book (1946–1981). New York: The Center for Book Arts, 2010. External links Granary Books Website Category:Artists' books Category:Small press publishing companies Category:Poetry publishers Category:Book publishing companies based in New York (state)

Tas-Anna Tas-Anna () is a rural locality (a selo) in Neryuktyayinsky 1-y Rural Okrug of Olyokminsky District in the Sakha Republic, Russia, located from Olyokminsk, the administrative center of the district and from Daban, the administrative center of the rural okrug. Its population as of the 2002 Census was 201. References Notes Sources Official website of the Sakha Republic. Registry of the Administrative-Territorial Divisions of the Sakha Republic. Olyokminsky District. Category:Rural localities in the Sakha Republic

Beurre d'Ardenne Beurre d’Ardenne is a type of butter made in the Ardennes of Belgium from cow's milk. As a traditional product of the area, it received Belgian appellation d'origine by royal decree in 1984, and received European protected designation of origin status in 1996. Production The areas where it is produced are within Wallonia and include the provinces of Luxembourg, Namur and Liège. To qualify, production must take place entirely in those areas, from milking of the cows, through to churning and, final maturation of the butter, and may be made by churning milk, cream or a mixture of both. The final product must be of at least 82% butterfat and butyric acid. References Category:Butter Category:Belgian products with protected designation of origin

Robert Byrne (bishop) Robert Byrne, C.O. (born 22 September 1956) is a British Roman Catholic bishop. Since 25 March 2019, he has served as the 14th Bishop of Hexham and Newcastle. He previously served as an auxiliary bishop of the Archdiocese of Birmingham and the Titular Bishop of Cuncacestre. He is the first Oratorian to be appointed a bishop in England since 1874. Early life and education Byrne was born on 22 September 1956 in Manchester, England. He was educated at St Bede's College, Manchester, an independent Catholic school. He studied at King's College, London and at the Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas in Rome. Religious life Byrne entered the Birmingham Oratory in 1980. On 5 January 1985, he was ordained to the priesthood by Maurice Couve de Murville, the then Archbishop of Birmingham. In 1990, he moved to Oxford where he founded the Oxford Oratory. From 1990 to 1999, he was Parish Priest of the Parish of St Aloysius, Oxford. From 1993 to 2011, he served as the elected Provost of Oxford Oratory. Episcopal ministry In March 2014, it was announced that Pope Francis had appointed him an Auxiliary Bishop of Archdiocese of Birmingham. As such, he became the first Oratorian to be appointed a bishop in England since 1874 when Edward Bagshawe was appointed Bishop of Nottingham. On 13 May 2014, he was consecrated to the episcopate as the Titular Bishop of Cuncacestre. The principal consecrator was Bernard Longley, the Archbishop of Birmingham, and the co-consecrators were Michael C. Barber SJ, the bishop of Oakland, and Philip Pargeter, his predecessor as Auxiliary Bishop of Birmingham. His pastoral area within the Archdiocese of Birmingham covers six deaneries: Birmingham Cathedral, Birmingham North, Birmingham South, Birmingham East, Kidderminster, and Worcester. On 4 February 2019, it was announced that Pope Francis had appointed appointed Byrne as the next Bishop of Hexham and Newcastle, in succession to Séamus Cunningham. He was installed as the 14th bishop of the Diocese of Hexham and Newcastle during a service at St Mary's Cathedral, Newcastle on 25 March 2019. See also Catholic Church in England References Category:Post-Reformation Roman Catholic bishops in England Category:Oratorian bishops Category:1956 births Category:Living people Category:21st-century Roman Catholic bishops Category:People educated at St Bede's College, Manchester Category:Alumni of King's College London Category:Pontifical University of St. Thomas Aquinas alumni

Eusphalerum Eusphalerum is a genus of ocellate rove beetles in the family Staphylinidae. There are at least 130 described species in Eusphalerum. See also List of Eusphalerum species References Further reading External links Category:Omaliinae

2018 Mexico City ePrix The 2018 Mexico City ePrix (formally the 2018 ABB Formula E Mexico City ePrix) was a Formula E electric car race held at the Autódromo Hermanos Rodríguez in the centre of Mexico City on 3 March 2018. It was the fifth round of the 2017–18 Formula E season and the third edition of the event as part of the championship. The 47-lap race was won by Audi driver Daniel Abt after starting from fifth position. Oliver Turvey finished second for NIO and e.Dams-Renault driver Sébastien Buemi came in third. Mahindra's Felix Rosenqvist won the pole position by posting the fastest lap in qualifying and maintained his start line advantage for the first fourteen laps until a battery management system problem at the final corner elevated Turvey to the lead. Turvey held it until the mandatory pit stops for the change into a second car. Swift work from Abt's pit crew moved him past Turvey who was slow leaving his garage because of a gear selection fault. Abt opened out a substantial advantage over the rest of the field to take his maiden career victory and the first for a German in Formula E. Turvey took second after withstanding pressure from Buemi in the final five laps. The consequence of the final positions increased Jean-Éric Vergne's lead in the Drivers' Championship to twelve points over Rosenqvist who ended his race prematurely because he did not have enough electrical energy to complete all 47 laps. Sam Bird kept third in spite of not scoring any points as Buemi maintained fourth and Nelson Piquet Jr. rounded out the top five. In the Teams' Championship, Techeetah further extended their advantage over the non-scoring Mahindra and Jaguar moved past Virgin in the battle for third with seven races left in the season. Background The 2018 Mexico City ePrix was confirmed as part of Formula E's 2017–18 series schedule in September 2017 by the FIA World Motor Sport Council. It was the fifth of twelve scheduled single-seater electric car races of the 2017–18 season, and the third time the ePrix was part of the FIA Formula E Championship. It was held on 3 March 2018 at the Autódromo Hermanos Rodríguez in the centre of Mexico City. The ePrix was the only race of the season that took place on a permanent motor racing facility: it is a mixture of the Grand Prix and oval layouts and has 17 turns at a length of . The high elevation of the circuit created thin air and lower wind resistance, causing teams to optimise the cooling of their cars; the asphalt surface was less abrasive than other tracks. The Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA; Formula E's governing body) introduced a track limits zone on the approach to turn one to prevent competitors from using the grass in that area. The driver adviser to the stewards for the ePrix was former Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters racer Alexandre Prémat. Coming into the race from Santiago three weeks prior, Techeetah driver Jean-Éric Vergne led the Drivers' Championship with 71 points and was five points ahead of his nearest rival Felix Rosenqvist of Mahindra. Sam Bird (Virgin) followed in third place with 61 points; Sébastien Buemi (e.Dams-Renault) stood in fourth a further twenty-four points behind and Nelson Piquet Jr (Jaguar) followed in fifth with 33 points. Techeetah were in the lead of the Teams' Championship with 89 points; Mahindra (87 points) followed close behind in second position and Virgin placed third with 69 points. Jaguar were fourth with 54 points and e.Dams-Renault rounded out the top five with 44 points. Allan McNish, team principal of Audi, affirmed his team would fight back after poor car reliability in the first four races and noted the unpredictability commonly observed in Formula E, "At the moment, we're going through a tough time in our young Formula E history. But we are as determined as ever and will continue to push to the maximum with Daniel [Abt] and Lucas, in spite of the current challenges." Buemi sought to continue his recent form of strong performances in Mexico and declared his team would attack by using the experience they had accumulated in the previous two editions of the Mexico City race, "I’m delighted to be back in Mexico after my performances in the last two races, and I hope that we’ll keep up the momentum. We’ve always been quick in free practice in Mexico, but it’s not been the same story in qualifying. We’re determined to put that right this year and challenge for the race win." After Techeetah and Dragon incurred record fines of €15,000 ($18,500) for seat belt manipulation in the preceding Santiago ePrix, the FIA issued a bulletin to all teams the day before the Mexico City ePrix clarifying what was prohibited with the safety device. From this race onward, the FIA forbade the installation of tie-wraps or teams using tape on the belts in line with a regulation prohibiting any material modification or safety harness reshaping. Also, more detailed post-race examinations were undertaken by the FIA to prevent any future occurrence of such systems being employed by all teams. Andretti team principal Roger Griffiths explained, "The FIA has also clarified how, that if you are going to attach and relocate the driver’s radio connector to the seatbelt, you can attach it only to the label on the seatbelt and not through the webbing of the material itself." Practice Two practice sessions—both on Saturday morning—were held before the late afternoon race. The first session ran for 45 minutes and the second lasted half an hour. A half an hour untimed shakedown session was held on Friday afternoon to allow teams to check the reliability of their cars and their electronic systems. After shakedown, Venturi, Dragon, e.Dams-Renault and Jaguar were fined €5,000 for 5G electromagnetic radiation interference in the illegal 5–6 GHz band that could have potentially interfered with the FIA's data gathering system; a further €3,500 was suspended for the rest of the season. All four teams were cautioned a repeat occurrence put them at risk of disqualification. The first practice session began under a rising sun in low air and track temperatures; no heat management concerns were reported. Additionally, the track surface was dusty and damp in some areas as lap times exceeded Oliver Turvey's (NIO) 2017 pole position effort. Audi's Lucas di Grassi used of power to record the fastest lap late on at 1 minute and 1.58 seconds, 0.362 seconds faster than any one else on the circuit. The rest of the top ten composed of Edoardo Mortara, Vergne, Mitch Evans, Alex Lynn, José María López, Rosenqvist, Daniel Abt, Bird and Buemi. No major incidents occurred during practice; several drivers ran onto the circuit's run-off areas. López was aggrieved at Luca Filippi who slowed him in turn three. He lost control of the rear of his vehicle at turn seven and spun without damage to it. Di Grassi was again fastest in second practice with a 1-minute and 1.203 seconds lap. The session's early pace setter Rosenqvist was second and Evans placed third. Positions four to ten were occupied by Nick Heidfeld, Lynn, António Félix da Costa, Abt, Buemi, López and Bird. Mortara necessitated course officials to wave the full course yellow flags leaving the first corner as his car stopped in the turn two braking zone. Later, López pushed too hard and his rear gave up on him, causing him to glance the turn eleven barrier with his left-rear wheel. López switched into his second car for the rest of the session. In the session's closing minutes, Heidfeld lost control of his car's rear at the turn seven and eight double left hander and struck the bollards dictating track limits. With five minutes left, Lynn was at maximum power driving towards turn two and was about to pass the slower Rosenqvist. After steering left onto the circuit's dirty part, Lynn lost control of his vehicle's rear, clouted a wall with his left-hand side after locking his brakes. Lynn was unhurt and the session continued with two minutes to go; nobody improved their lap times. Qualifying Saturday's afternoon qualifying session ran for an hour and was divided into four groups of five cars. Each group was placed in championship order and were determined by a lottery system and was permitted six minutes of on-track activity. Every driver was limited to two timed laps with one at maximum power. The fastest five overall competitors in the four groups participated in a "Super Pole" session with one driver on the track at any time going out in reverse order from fifth to first. Each of the five drivers was limited to one timed lap and the starting order was determined by the competitor's fastest times (Super Pole from first to fifth, and group qualifying from sixth to twentieth). The driver and team who recorded the fastest time were awarded three points towards their respective championships. In the first group of five runners, which was held on a dusty track that provided a negligible amount of grip, di Grassi was the early pace setter, followed by Maro Engel, Jérôme d'Ambrosio, Tom Blomqvist (who made a driving error) and Filippi. Buemi set the fastest overall group lap time of anyone in the second group at 1 minute and 1.668 seconds. Rosenqvist was first to venture onto the track in the group and was fastest until Buemi's lap. Vergne lost time leaving the track's corners and was third. Piquet placed fourth. A suspension issue made Bird group two's slowest driver. In the third group, Félix da Costa set the fastest lap, ahead of Turvey. Lynn drove aggressively through the chicane to be its third-fastest driver. López and Nico Prost rounded out the top five. The track was at its most clean in the fourth group and had Abt become the first of five drivers to venture onto the track and was the fastest of all as a consequence of pushing hard. Heidfeld locked his tyres and could not set a clean lap time, placing second. Similarly, André Lotterer locked his tyres approaching the first corner and recorded the third-fastest lap. Evans made an error in the track's opening sector and lost half a second in the following sector due to his car cutting out and took fourth. Mortara was slow throughout and placed 20th overall. At the end of group qualifying, Buemi, Rosenqvist, Félix da Costa, Turvey, Lynn's laps progressed them to super pole. Rosenqvist locked his tyres on his lap. Nonetheless, he clinched his second pole position of the season and the fifth of his career with a time of 1 minute and 1.645 seconds. He was provisionally joined on the grid's front row by Félix da Costa, in his first super pole appearance since the 2016 Long Beach ePrix, who was 0.207 seconds slower after locking his tyres at certain parts of the track and was on pole until the latter's lap. Lynn was third-fastestand his compatriot Turvey locked his tyres approaching the second turn en route to fourth. Buemi locked his brakes driving into turn one; he was able to hit the apex of the corner at the start of his lap. A steady pace for the rest of Buemi's lap qualified him fifth. After qualifying, di Grassi and the Virgin duo of Bird and Lynn were demoted ten places for changing the inverter and gearbox in their respective cars. Similarly, Félix da Costa's car was discovered to be under the minimum weight limit of during scrutineering. He started fourth since its weight after group qualifying complied with the regulations. The rest of the grid lined up after penalties as Abt, Vergne, Piquet, Heidfeld, Lotterer, Lynn, Engel, Evans, López, d'Ambrosio, Prost, Blomqvist, Filippi, Mortara, Bird and di Grassi. Qualifying classification Notes: — António Félix da Costa was demoted to fourth after his car was discovered to be under the minimum weight limit of . — Alex Lynn and Sam Bird were penalised ten places for changing their gearboxes. — Lucas di Grassi was demoted ten places for changing his inverter. Race Weather conditions at the star were dry, warm and sunny with the air temperature was between and the track temperature ranged from . A special feature of Formula E is the "Fan Boost" feature, an additional 100 kilowatts (130 hp) of power to use in the driver's second car. The three drivers who were allowed to use the boost were determined by a fan vote. The distance of the ePrix was increased from 45 laps to 47 to better showcase the technological efficiency advancements made by all teams. When the race began from its standing start at 16:00 Central Daylight Time (UTC–06:00), Rosenqvist maintained his pole position advantage heading into the first corner closely followed by Turvey and Buemi as the field avoided contact entering the turn. Abt made a fast getaway and moved past Félix da Costa for fourth while his fellow countryman Engel made a poor start and fell to the back of the field. A few cars in the middle of the pack collided with each other in turn three, launching chunks of bodywork airborne; no driver entered the pit lane for repairs. Then, López collided with his teammate d'Ambrosio; both continued with minor damage to their vehicles. Di Grassi moved from twentieth to eighteenth by the end of lap one while Evans gained three positions over the same distance. At the lap's conclusion, Rosenqvist led Turvey by eight-tenths of a second with Buemi third. Henceforth, Rosenqvist began to establish a small advantage over the rest of the field as drivers began to settle into a rhythm. Evans overtook Lotterer for eighth position on lap three, and Félix da Costa lost seventh two laps later to Vergne who passed Félix da Costa by putting him off the circuit at the entrance to turn six. Piquet used this to gain sixth. Di Grassi progressed through the field on the lap as he moved past Filippi on the approach to the first turn, a move that put the latter ran wide. This allowed Mortara to draw alongside Filippi on the inside line. As the duo braked for the turn three chicane, both ran wide. Filippi drove across the chicane and stopped before rejoining the circuit. Mortara meanwhile drove across the kerbing to remain on the track. These events demoted Filippi behind Engel and Bird. Further ahead, Abt pressured Buemi as he momentarily could not affect a pass as Vergne was close behind. By the ninth lap, most drivers had about 65% of electrical energy remaining which gave no perceptible advantage for anyone bar Rosenqvist who now led Turvey by two seconds. Buemi, di Grassi and Rosenqvist were announced as the winners of the FanBoost vote the lap after. Meanwhile, Turvey had established a two-second advantage over Buemi which was in contrast to previous races where his car typically struggled to pull away because of poor electrical energy consumption. Upfront, Rosenqvist set what was at this point the fastest lap of the race at 1 minute and 3.601 seconds and it appeared he would win the race and reclaim the lead of the Drivers' Championship from Vergne. As Rosenqvist exited the final corner to finish the fourteenth lap, he had a sudden loss in power due to a battery management system failure and stopped to reset his car and enable him to continue driving. Doing this promoted Turvey into the lead with Buemi and Abt second and third. Rosenqvist fell to ninth and was out of contention for the victory. Abt's attempts at getting ahead of Buemi were disrupted when Rosenqvist stopped twice more on the turn three run-off area and prompted course officials to wave localised yellow flags. Nevertheless, Abt later gained second from Buemi on the inside line at the exit of turn one after the latter braked early for the corner and ran wide. Abt then started drawing closer to Turvey. Rosenqvist chose to end his stop-start approach and made an early switch into his second car with the objective of re-entering the top ten. The leaders made their mandatory pit stops to change into a second car on lap 24. Piquet and di Grassi remained on the circuit for one additional lap before making their own stops. After the pit stops, Abt gained the lead from Turvey because his stop was six seconds faster than the latter who had gear selection trouble and Buemi fell to fourth while Vergne took third. Abt drew clear as Turvey came under attack from Vergne. On lap 27, Heidfeld stopped on the start/finish straight before venturing into the pit lane per instructions from his team for troubleshooting that revealed a water pump failure, curtailing his race. As di Grassi was gaining positions, he earned one point for setting the fastest lap on the lap, completing a circuit in 1 minute and 2.02 seconds. Further ahead, Turvey made a small error leaving the Peraltada chicane, allowing Vergne to unsuccessfully challenge him. This enabled Buemi to use FanBoost to pass Vergne by steering right onto the inside line at the first corner on lap 28. Later, the stewards investigated Lotterer's pit stop release and penalised him with a drive-through penalty after determining he ran over the foot of a pit crew member leaving his garage, dropping him from seventh to thirteenth. The crew member was transported to the circuit's medical centre and released after examinations revealed no serious injures. Further down the pack on lap 31, di Grassi aimed for the top ten; a minor collision with López on the start/finish straight caused him to pirouette at the first turn. Piquet had the knowledge of having more usable electrical energy and passed his teammate Evans two laps later. The following lap, Mahindra called the slow Rosenqvist into the pit lane to retire since he could not finish the race. Piquet moved in front of Vergne, whose two-way radio communication was cut off due to a systems glitch that lost him all information on his steering wheel, for fourth place shortly after and started to hassle Buemi for third place. On lap 37, di Grassi used his FanBoost to move past d'Ambrosio for twelfth while Prost parked his car in the garage with a broken front-right suspension due to contact with Bird at turn three, making him the race's final retiree. Turvey was slow leaving the Peraltada chicane, enabling Buemi to challenge him; he was mindful of the faster Piquet. Engel lost eleventh to di Grassi in the race's closing laps and broke his rear wing after contacting him. At the start of the penultimate lap, Buemi attempted to pass Turvey for second and locked all four of his tyres. Buemi avoided striking the rear of Turvey's car. Turvey similarly locked his tyres as both drivers remained second and third; an earlier driving error from Piquet lost him a small amount of time. In his 37th start, Abt increased his lead to more than six seconds and took his maiden career victory. It was the first for a German driver in Formula E, and for Audi as a factory team. The victory moved Abt to sixth in the Drivers' Championship. Turvey finished second to clinch his first career podium and Buemi was third. Off the podium, Piquet, Vergne, Evans, Félix da Costa, Mortara, di Grassi, Lynn, D'Ambrosio, López. Lotterer, Filippi, Blomqvist, Engel and Bird were the final classified finishers. Post-race The top three drivers appeared on the podium to collect their trophies and spoke to the media in a later press conference. Abt said going into the race, he and his team were aware his car was fast and their situation in the championship. He praised the swift work of his mechanics and noted Formula's E unpredictability, "We didn’t give up, we kept believing in it and today was just a fantastic day." Turvey spoke of his delight over taking his and NIO's first podium, "Everyone in the team has worked so hard since last season to gain a huge step forward in performance and we’ve not been able to show this due to a few tough races." Third-place finisher Buemi said that winning the race would not have been possible because of the fast pace of Abt's car and was happy to accumulate extra championship points, "Today he [Abt] put his knowledge into practice and I had a problematic pit stop because I almost collided with Nico [Prost] because he had his pit stop at the same time as I." Rosenqvist described his race as "one of those rare days when I can say it was quite a perfect Saturday" notwithstanding his early retirement, "Right from the practice sessions through to qualifying. I was out in front with a comfortable three second lead and it was getting better. It was all a bit too good to be true, but the issue was not in our hands." With regards to his inter-team systems glitch, Vergne revealed it prompted him to allow Buemi and Piquet through so that he could follow Buemi's strategy to allow him to reach the end of the race and gather championship points. Piquet spoke of his belief a better starting position would have helped him get on the podium, and thus attempted a different strategy, "Depending on who the players are around you, you want to risk overtaking or you want to try and save energy." Nevertheless, Piquet stated his belief Jaguar had the most reliable car in the field and the team would aim to continue improving for the rest of the season. The incident where Lotterer caused ligament injuries to one of his mechanics was the first such occurrence of anyone sustaining any form of injury since the minimum pit stop time was abolished at the preceding Santiago ePrix. Lotterer spoke of his belief there would be another similar incident in the future, "Everyone is pushing the limits and the cars, they are so close together, there’s not much space for the mechanic to jump off the car once the belts are done. But that’s the same as other pitstops in other categories – mechanics change tyres [and] it always happens once in a while. This is part of racing." Scott Mitchell of Autosport noted the abolition of the minimum pit stop was one of Formula E's most unpopular changes and argued it promoted an element of competition during the switch into a second car that he deemed unnecessary with regards to personal safety. Additionally, Rosenqvist's and Piquet's pit stops came under scrutiny from the motorsport press as it was theorised that their car's seat belts were altered illegally in order to decrease the time spent in their garages and risked infringing the revised FIA regulations concerning the new seat belts. The consequence of the final positions increased Vergne's lead at the top of the Drivers' Championship to twelve points ahead of second-placed Rosenqvist. Bird kept third place notwithstanding him not scoring any points. Buemi's third-place finish drew him closer to Bird in the battle for third. Piquet's fourth-place result kept him in fifth in the standings. In the Teams' Championship, Techeetah further extended their advantage over Mahindra by a further seven points. Jaguar's strong result moved them past Virgin in the battle for third and e.Dams-Renault rounded out the top five with seven rounds left in the season. Race classification Drivers who scored championship points are denoted in bold and by a . Notes: — One point for fastest lap. — Three points for pole position. Standings after the race Drivers' Championship standings Teams' Championship standings Notes: Only the top five positions are included for both sets of standings. Notes and references Notes References External links |- style="text-align:center" |width="35%"|Previous race:2018 Santiago ePrix |width="30%"|FIA Formula E Championship2017–18 season |width="35%"|Next race:2018 Punta del Este ePrix |- style="text-align:center" |width="35%"|Previous race:2017 Mexico City ePrix |width="30%"|Mexico City ePrix |width="35%"|Next race:2019 Mexico City ePrix |- style="text-align:center" Mexico City ePrix ePrix Mexico City Category:Mexico City ePrix

Kastelburg The Kastelburg is a ruined castle above Waldkirch in the district Emmendingen in Baden-Württemberg. It stands on a hill about above the center of Waldkirch in Breisgau. History The Kastel castle was built between 1260 and 1270 by the Lords of Schwarzenberg. Like the Schwarzenburg on the opposite side of the valley its purpose was to defend the town Waldkirch and to control the trade route through the Elz valley. The first inhabitant of the castle was Johann I of Schwarzenberg. The Schwarzenbergs died out already in 1345 and the castle was sold to Martin Malterer from Freiburg who fell in 1386 in the Battle of Sempach. In 1429 the castle was passed on to Berthold of Staufen. In the Thirty Years' War the castle was destroyed by troops of the Kaiser on 14 March 1634 so that it did not fall into the hands of the advancing Swedish troops. In recent years attempts have been made to conserve the edificial structure of the ruin that is standing romantically above the historic center of Waldkirch (Action Kastelburg). References •Alfons Zettler, Thomas Zotz: Die Burgen im mittelalterlichen Breisgau, I. Nördlicher Teil: Halbband L-Z. Jan Thorbecke Verlag, Ostfildern 2006, , pp. 470–496. External links Ruin Kastelburg Category:Castles in Baden-Württemberg Category:Ruined castles in Germany

Baghdad (disambiguation) Baghdad is the capital of Iraq. Baghdad may also refer to: Places In Iraq Baghdad Governorate, the region encompassing the city and its surrounding areas Baghdad Province, Ottoman Empire Baghdad Central Station, a train station Baghdad International Airport Round city of Baghdad University of Baghdad Baghdad College, a boys' high school Baghdad (West Syriac Diocese) (9th–13th centuries) Elsewhere Baghdād, Afghanistan Baghdad, Iran Baghdad, Pakistan Bagdad, Tasmania, Australia Lake Baghdad, Rottnest Island, Western Australia Baghdad Stadium, Kwekwe, Zimbabwe Baghdad Street (Damascus), Syria Baghdad Street (Singapore) Bağdat Avenue, Istanbul, Turkey Other uses Baghdad (EP), by The Offspring Baghdad Satellite Channel, a television network Baghdad Soft Drinks Co Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Baghdad, Iraq 7079 Baghdad, an asteroid Sophiane Baghdad (born 1980), French-Algerian football player See also Bagdad (disambiguation) Baghdadi (disambiguation)

Indian Telly Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role Indian Telly Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role is an award given by Indiantelevision.com as part of its annual Indian Telly Awards for TV serials, to recognize a male actor who has delivered an outstanding performance in a Supporting Role. The award was first awarded in 2004. Since 2010, the award has been separated in two categories, Jury Award and Popular Award. Jury award is given by the chosen jury of critics assigned to the function while Popular Award is given on the basis of public voting. As of 2014, the original award is renamed to the Indian Telly Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role (Drama) and an additional award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role (Comedy) has been introduced. Superlatives Popular 2000s 2001 Not Awarded 2002 Not Awarded 2003 Not Awarded 2004 Ronit Roy - Kasautii Zindagii Kay as Rishab Bajaj Harsh Chhaya - Astitva...Ek Prem Kahani as Dr Manas Arun Bali - Des Mein Niklla Hoga Chand as Bauji Parmeet Sethi - Jassi Jaissi Koi Nahin as Raj Deepak Qazir - Kahaani Ghar Ghar Kii as Babuji Mohnish Behl - Sanjivani - A Medical Boon as Dr. Shashank 2005 Hiten Tejwani - Kyunki Saas Bhi Kabhi Bahu Thi as Karan Virani Aditya Srivastava - C.I.D. as Abhijit Vinay Jain - Remix as Sumeet Virendra Saxena - Jassi Jaissi Koi Nahin as Balwant Walia Chaitanya Choudhury - Kahiin To Hoga as Akshat Alok Nath - Woh Rehne Waali Mehlon Ki as Yashvardhan Mittal 2006 Hiten Tejwani - Kyunki Saas Bhi Kabhi Bahu Thi as Karan Virani Aditya Srivastava - C.I.D. as Abhijit Shabbir Ahluwalia - Kahiin To Hoga as Rishi Mohammad Iqbal Khan - Kavyanjali as Shouriya Deven Bhojani - Baa Bahoo Aur Baby as Gopal "Gattu" Thakkar 2007 Hiten Tejwani - Kyunki Saas Bhi Kabhi Bahu Thi as Karan Virani Akshay Anand - Saat Phere...Saloni Ka Safar as Brijesh Pratap Singh Jamnadas Majethia - Baa Bahoo Aur Baby as Dr. Harshad Thakkar Ali Asgar - Kahaani Ghar Ghar Kii as Kamal Agarwal Yatin Karyekar - Ghar Ki Lakshmi Betiyaan as Suryakant Arjun Bijlani - Left Right Left as Cadet Aalekh Sharma 2008 Jay Bhanushali - Kayamath as Neev Yatin Karyekar - Ghar Ki Lakshmi Betiyaan as Suryakant Anoop Soni - Balika Vadhu as Bhairav Alok Nath - Sapna Babul Ka...Bidaai as Prakashchand Vikram Gokhale - Jeevan Saathi as Vikram Rathod 2009 Anoop Soni - Balika Vadhu as Bhairav Alok Nath - Sapna Babul Ka...Bidaai as Prakashchand Ayub Khan - Uttaran as Jogi Thakur Aditya Lakhia - Agle Janam Mohe Bitiya Hi Kijo as Nanku Vikrant Massey - Balika Vadhu as Shyam 2010s 2010 Ayub Khan - Uttaran as Jogi Thakur Anoop Soni - Balika Vadhu as Bhairav Vikram Gokhale - Mera Naam Karegi Roshan as Thakur Veer Pratap Singh Vinay Rohrra - Laagi Tujhse Lagan as Bajirao Amit Pachori - Jhansi Ki Rani as Tatya Tope 2011 No Award 2012 Anoop Soni - Balika Vadhu as Bhairav Jai Kalra - Bade Achhe Lagte Hain as Vikram Shergill Gaurav Chopra - Uttran as Raghuvendra Prathap Rathore Vivek Mushran - Parvarrish – Kuchh Khattee Kuchh Meethi as Lucky Singh Ahluwalia 2013 Rithvik Dhanjani - Pavitra Rishta as Arjun Digvijay Kirloskar Jai Kalra - Bade Achhe Lagte Hain as Vikram Shergill Gaurav Chopra - Uttran as Raghuvendra Prathap Rathore Mukesh Khanna - Pyaar Ka Dard Hai Meetha Meetha Pyaara Pyaara as Purushottam Deewan Chetan Pandit - Punar Vivaah as Suraj Pratap Sindhia 2014 Aham Sharma - Mahabharat as Karna Sameer Dharmadhikari - Buddha as Sudhodhana Gaurav Chopra - Uttran as Raghuvendra Prathap Rathore Arav Chowdhary - Mahabharat as Bhishma Rohit Bhardwaj - Mahabharat as Yudhishtra 2019 Kunal Jaisingh as Omkara Singh Oberoi for Ishqbaaaz. Shehzad Shaikh as Arjun Hooda for Bepannah Jury 2010s 2010 Sanjeev Seth - Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai as Vishambhar Nath 2011 No Award 2012 Nissar Khan - Na Aana Is Des Laado as Joginder Sangwan Darshan Jariwala - Saas Bina Sasural as Chedilal Chaturvedi Anand Goradia - Na Aana Is Des Laado as Gajender Sangwan Pawan Malhotra - Ek Nayi Chhoti Si Zindagi as Shyam Jai Kalra - Bade Achhe Lagte Hain as Vikram Shergill Anoop Soni - Balika Vadhu as Bhairav 2013 Aamir Dalvi - Hum Ne Li Hai- Shapath as Kavi Ayub Khan - Uttaran as Jogi Thakur Vikrant Massey - Gumrah - Season 1 as Shobit Alok Nath - Kuch Toh Log Kahenge as Dr. Mathur Late Dwaraka Prasad - Upanishad Ganga as Sevak 2014 Shakti Anand - Bharat Ka Veer Putra – Maharana Pratap as Maharana Udai Singh Kapil Nirmal - Ek Veer Ki Ardaas...Veera as Nihal Singh Alok Nath - Do Dil Bandhe Ek Dori Se as Balwant Rana Neil Bhoopalam - 24 (Indian TV series) as Aditya Singhania Sudhir Panday - Balika Vadhu as Premkishor Shekhar 2019 Varun Badola - Internet Wala Love as Shubhankar Verma Indian Telly Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role (Comedy) Popular 2014 Ali Asgar - Comedy Nights with Kapil as Dadi Sunil Grover - Comedy Nights with Kapil as Gutthi Kiku Sharda - Comedy Nights with Kapil as Palak Gautam Gulati - Diya Aur Baati Hum as Vikram Rathi Naveen Bawa - F.I.R. as Villain 2015 Kiku Sharda - Akbar Birbal as Akbar Satish Kaushik - Sumit Sambhal Lega as Jasbir Walia Paresh Ganatra - Chidiya Ghar as Ghotak Sunil Grover - Comedy Nights with Kapil as Gutthi Krushna Abhishek - Comedy Nights Bachao Jury 2014 Shridhar Watsar - Baal Veer as Dooba Dooba 1/Tauba Tauba Gautam Gulati - Diya Aur Baati Hum as Vikram Rathi Saraansh Verma - Chidiya Ghar as Kapi Kesari Narayan Sunil Kumar - Lapataganj - Ek Baar Phir as Suttilal Halwai Naveen Bawa - F.I.R. as Villain References Category:Indian Telly Awards

Abdallah ibn Malik al-Khuza'i Abdallah ibn Malik al-Khuza'i was a senior military leader and provincial governor of the early Abbasid Caliphate. Biography Abdallah's father, Malik ibn al-Haytham al-Khuza'i, was one of the earliest and most important leaders of the Abbasid movement in Khurasan, and of the Abbasid Revolution that overthrew the Umayyads. As senior members of the privileged Khurasaniyya, the Khurasani army that formed the main pillar of the new regime, Malik's family enjoyed access to positions of power. Thus Abdallah served first, according to Khalifa ibn Khayyat, as governor of Khurasan under Caliph al-Mansur (r. 754–775), and then succeeded his brother Hamza (who in turn had succeeded the eldest brother Nasr) as commander of the caliphal shurta towards the end of the reign of al-Mahdi (r. 775–785). He retained the post under al-Hadi (r. 785–786), during whose reign he was "one of the most prominent figures" (Hugh N. Kennedy). During this period, he supported al-Hadi in his intention to remove his younger brother, Harun al-Rashid (r. 786–809), from the succession in favour of his own son, and urged al-Hadi to execute Yahya ibn Khalid ibn Barmak. Consequently, Abdallah's power diminished when Harun rose to the throne and during the period of the Barmakids' dominance of the government, although he served as governor of Mosul in 789–781. After the fall of the Barmakid family in early 803, Abdallah once again assumed high offices: he served as commander of Harun's shurta, and in 805 became governor of Tabaristan, Hamadan and other western Iranian provinces. He participated in Harun's large-scale invasion of Byzantine Asia Minor in 806. In the next year, he fought against the Khurramites, and in 808 he accompanied Harun to Khurasan for the suppression of the rebellion of Rafi ibn al-Layth. After Harun's death in Khurasan in early 809, Abdallah remained in the province, joining the court of Harun's second heir, al-Ma'mun (r. 813–833), at Marw. In the subsequent civil war between al-Ma'mun and his half-brother, Caliph al-Amin (r. 809–813), he remained largely on the sidelines at Marw. He was one of several military leaders who refused to head al-Ma'mun's government, a post which eventually fell to Fadl ibn Sahl. His relations with al-Ma'mun were strained, but he accompanied him westwards and was with him when he entered Baghdad in 819. Abdallah had two sons, Abbas and Muttalib. Abbas served governor of Rayy but was dismissed by al-Ma'mun because of his support for al-Amin, while Muttalib played a "very tortuous role" (Kennedy) in the civil war and served twice as governor of Egypt. References Sources Category:8th-century births Category:9th-century deaths Category:Generals of the Abbasid Caliphate Category:Governors of the Abbasid Caliphate Category:Harun al-Rashid Category:Abbasid people of the Arab–Byzantine wars Category:8th-century Arabs Category:9th-century Arabs

Presidential Memorandum on Military Service by Transgender Individuals The Presidential Memorandum on Military Service by Transgender Individuals may refer to: Presidential Memorandum on Military Service by Transgender Individuals (2017) Presidential Memorandum on Military Service by Transgender Individuals (2018)

Upper Castle Zizers The Upper Castle in Zizers is a castle in the municipality of Zizers of the Canton of Graubünden in Switzerland. It is a Swiss heritage site of national significance. History The Upper Castle in Zizers was built for Baron Simon von Salis (1646-1694) who was from the Tirano, Italy branch of the large and wealthy Salis family. Simon was the Captain over the Valtellina and had spent years in mercenary service in Sicily. When he built the castle in Zizers, the design was inspired by the architecture of Italian palaces. The castle was renovated in 1725 and again in 1790-1800. During the 18th century the castle was completely covered in facade paintings. Painting illusionary architectural elements was common in northern Italy during the 18th century and shows a continuing relationship with this branch of the Salis family and Italy. The last members of the family, Franziska von Salis-Zizers and Therese von Salis-Zizers died in 1976 and 1977 respectively. After their deaths the castle library, with over 1000 volumes including many 17th through 19th century letters, business records, archives and chronicles were donated to the Cantonal Archives. Castle site The castle is a square, massive building topped with a hipped roof. The 18th century facade paintings cover the entire building and include trompe-l'œil columns, illusionary windows, elaborate window frames and stone walls. Currently the castle is privately owned. See also List of castles in Switzerland References Category:Cultural property of national significance in Graubünden Category:Castles in Graubünden

Outline of West Virginia The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to the U.S. state of West Virginia: West Virginia – U.S. state located in the Appalachian region of the Southern United States. West Virginia became a state following the Wheeling Conventions of 1861, in which 50 northwestern counties of Virginia decided to break away from Virginia during the American Civil War. The state is noted for its mountains and rolling hills, its historically significant logging and coal mining industries, and its political and labor history. General reference Names Common name: West Virginia Pronunciation: Official name: State of West Virginia Abbreviations and name codes Postal symbol: WV ISO 3166-2 code: US-WV Internet second-level domain: .wv.us Nicknames Mountain State (previously used on license plates) Panhandle State Adjectivals: West Virginia, West Virginian Demonym: West Virginian, Mountaineer Geography of West Virginia Geography of West Virginia West Virginia is: a U.S. state, a federal state of the United States of America Location Northern hemisphere Western hemisphere Americas North America Anglo America Northern America United States of America Contiguous United States Eastern United States Mid-Atlantic states Southeastern United States Southern United States Population of West Virginia: 1,852,994 (2010 U.S. Census) Area of West Virginia Atlas of West Virginia Places in West Virginia Historic places in West Virginia National Historic Landmarks in West Virginia National Register of Historic Places listings in West Virginia Bridges on the National Register of Historic Places in West Virginia National Natural Landmarks in West Virginia National parks in West Virginia State parks in West Virginia Environment of West Virginia Climate of West Virginia Geology of West Virginia Protected areas in West Virginia State forests of West Virginia Superfund sites in West Virginia Wildlife of West Virginia Fauna of West Virginia Birds of West Virginia Mammals of West Virginia Reptiles of West Virginia Amphibians of West Virginia Natural geographic features of West Virginia Islands of West Virginia Lakes of West Virginia Rivers of West Virginia Regions of West Virginia Eastern Panhandle of West Virginia North Central West Virginia Northern Panhandle of West Virginia Southern West Virginia Administrative divisions of West Virginia The 55 counties of the state of West Virginia Municipalities in West Virginia Cities in West Virginia State capital of West Virginia: City nicknames in West Virginia Towns in West Virginia Census-designated places in West Virginia Demography of West Virginia Demographics of West Virginia Government and politics of West Virginia Politics of West Virginia Form of government: U.S. state government United States congressional delegations from West Virginia West Virginia State Capitol Political party strength in West Virginia Branches of the government of West Virginia Government of West Virginia Executive branch of the government of West Virginia Governor of West Virginia Lieutenant Governor of West Virginia Secretary of State of West Virginia State departments West Virginia Department of Transportation Legislative branch of the government of West Virginia West Virginia Legislature (bicameral) Upper house: West Virginia Senate Lower house: West Virginia House of Delegates Judicial branch of the government of West Virginia Courts of West Virginia Supreme Court of West Virginia Law and order in West Virginia Law of West Virginia Cannabis in West Virginia Capital punishment in West Virginia Constitution of West Virginia Crime in West Virginia Gun laws in West Virginia Law enforcement in West Virginia Law enforcement agencies in West Virginia West Virginia State Police Same-sex marriage in West Virginia Military in West Virginia West Virginia Air National Guard West Virginia Army National Guard History of West Virginia History of West Virginia History of West Virginia, by period Prehistory of West Virginia English Colony of Virginia, 1607–1707 French colony of Louisiane, 1699–1764 British Colony of Virginia, 1707–1776 History of slavery in West Virginia French and Indian War, 1754–1763 Treaty of Fontainebleau of 1762 Treaty of Paris of 1763 British Indian Reserve, 1763–1783 Royal Proclamation of 1763 American Revolutionary War, April 19, 1775 – September 3, 1783 United States Declaration of Independence, July 4, 1776 Treaty of Paris, September 3, 1783 Commonwealth of Virginia, (1776–1863) Separation of Kentucky from Virginia in 1792 State of West Virginia becomes 35th State admitted to the United States of America on June 20, 1863 Separation of West Virginia from Virginia in 1863 American Civil War, April 12, 1861 – May 13, 1865 West Virginia in the American Civil War Border state, 1863–1865 History of West Virginia, by subject History of slavery in West Virginia West Virginia in the American Civil War Culture of West Virginia Culture of West Virginia Museums in West Virginia Religion in West Virginia Episcopal Diocese of West Virginia Scouting in West Virginia Sports in West Virginia State symbols of West Virginia Flag of the State of West Virginia Great Seal of the State of West Virginia The arts in West Virginia Music of West Virginia Economy and infrastructure of West Virginia Economy of West Virginia Communications in West Virginia Newspapers in West Virginia Radio stations in West Virginia Television stations in West Virginia Health care in West Virginia Hospitals in West Virginia Transportation in West Virginia Airports in West Virginia Roads in West Virginia U.S. Highways in West Virginia Interstate Highways in West Virginia State highways in West Virginia Education in West Virginia Education in West Virginia Schools in West Virginia School districts in West Virginia High schools in West Virginia Colleges and universities in West Virginia West Virginia University West Virginia State University See also Topic overview: West Virginia Index of West Virginia-related articles References External links West Virginia West Virginia Category:West Virginia

Sartorius (surname) The surname Sartorius may refer to: Euston Henry Sartorius, British Major General and brother of Reginald Georg Friedrich Sartorius, a German historian George Rose Sartorius, British Vice-Admiral George William Sartorius, British painter Jacob Sartorius, American Internet personality and singer Norman Sartorius, Croatian psychiatrist Reginald William Sartorius, British Major General and brother of Euston Wolfgang Sartorius von Waltershausen, a German geologist Category:Occupational surnames Category:Latin-language surnames

Trichlorofluorosilane Trichlorofluorosilane (Silicon trichloride fluoride) is an inorganic compound. It is used to produce silicon for use in the manufacturing of semiconductor and fiber optic materials. References Category:Inorganic silicon compounds Category:Fluorides Category:Nonmetal halides Category:Chlorides Category:Silanes

Maha Pattapola Maha Pattapola is a village in Sri Lanka. It is located within Central Province. See also List of towns in Central Province, Sri Lanka External links Department of Census and Statistics -Sri Lanka Category:Populated places in Central Province, Sri Lanka

Angelo Badà Angelo Badà (Pernate, 27 May 1876 – Novara, 23 March 1941) was an Italian operatic tenor. He was on the roster of the Metropolitan Opera for 30 years where he gave a total of 2,170 performance in 94 different operas in over 100 different roles from 1908 through 1938. Only two singers in the Met's history have made more appearances with the company: Charles Anthony and George Cehanovsky. He mostly appeared in comprimario roles during his career, although he did occasionally perform larger parts. His repertoire encompassed operas in the English, Italian, French, and German languages. Life and career Born in Pernate (Novara), Badà studied singing in his native city with Cecilio Manfredi. He made his professional opera debut in January 1900 as the "messenger" in Giuseppe Verdi's Aida. He spent the next eight years performing mainly comprimario roles in major opera houses in Italy, including La Scala in Milan and the Teatro di San Carlo in Naples. He also made appearances at the Royal Opera House in London. Badà made his debut with the Metropolitan Opera on 16 November 1908. He appeared with the Met for 30 seasons, giving his last performance on 9 April 1938. During those years he also appeared as a guest artist in operas, recitals, and concerts in Europe, South America, Australia, and Africa. At the Met he sang in the world premieres of several operas, including Giacomo Puccini's, La fanciulla del West (1910), Umberto Giordano's Madame Sans-Gêne (1915), Charles Wakefield Cadman's Shanewis (1918), Puccini's Il tabarro (1918), Puccini's Gianni Schicchi (1918), Albert Wolff's, L'oiseau bleu (1919), and Deems Taylor's Peter Ibbetson (1931). After retiring from the Met, Badà returned to Novara where he built a large home and lived quietly. He died after a brief illness three years later in his native city. He is buried in the Novara Cemetery. Sources Biography of Angelo Badà at www.oknovara.it Metropolitan Opera Archives Gianfranco Capra - Angelo Badaà, 30 anni al "Metropolitan" - quaderni novaresi - ediz.ZEN Iniziatove (marzo 2007) Category:1876 births Category:1941 deaths Category:Italian operatic tenors Category:People from Novara

Robert Schuler Robert Schuler (or Schuller) may refer to: Evangelist Robert H. Schuller (1926-2015), American televangelist, pastor, and author Robert A. Schuller (born 1954), son of Robert H., American televangelist, pastor and author Bobby Schuller (born 1981), son of Robert A., American televangelist and pastor Robert P. Shuler (1880–1965), American radio evangelist from Los Angeles Other Robert C. Schuler (1917–2007), American advertising and public-relations executive, television producer, and writer Bob Schuler (1943–2009), Republican Ohio State Senator

Cavaspongiidae Cavaspongiidae is a family of radiolarians in the order Spumellaria. External links Category:Polycystines Category:Radiolarian families

Pepa Hristova Pepa Hristova (born 25 April 1977) is a Bulgarian photographer, based in Hamburg and Berlin. She has a degree in communication design with a specialization in photography from the Hamburg University of Applied Sciences and became a member of the Ostkreuz photographic agency in Berlin in 2006. Hristova was born in Sevlievo, Bulgaria Photography Hristova's photographic work is driven by her fascination with the fractured beauty of the east and her interest in social phenomena and archaic traditions, leading to an examination of the unknown, changing side of Europe. She focuses on the alienation of Muslims in orthodox Bulgaria, documents a centuries-old custom in North Albania with ‘Sworn Virgins’ or looks behind the closed doors of Bulgarian children's homes. Hristova approaches her subjects with intuition and emotion and experiments with different genres and the ambiguity of photographic imagery. Snapshots combine with staged images and precise observations of situations, opening up an associative space, in which there is still scope for individual interpretations and points of contact. Exhibitions (selected) Stranger World Stadtmuseum Munich, FotoDoks, 2013 Books and catalogues Strangers in Their Own Country. Berlin: Talents 11, 2008 24 Stunden Berlin. Göttingen: Steidl, 2009 The City. Becoming and decaying. Stuttgart: Hatje Cantz, 2010 The Other Side. Heidelberg: Kehrer, 2012 State of the Art Photography. Düsseldorf: Richter & Fey, 2012 On Borders. Stuttgart: Hatje Cantz, 2012 Sworn Virgins. Heidelberg: Kehrer, 2013. References External links Pepa Hristova profile at Dear Photography Pepa Hristova profile at Ostkreuz CNN World – Albanian women choose celibacy to become men Category:1977 births Category:Living people Category:Bulgarian photographers Category:Portrait photographers Category:Documentary photographers Category:Women photographers Category:21st-century Bulgarian artists Category:21st-century German photographers Category:20th-century Bulgarian artists Category:20th-century German philosophers Category:Hamburg University of Applied Sciences alumni

Giant Gippsland earthworm The giant Gippsland earthworm, Megascolides australis, is one of Australia's 1,000 native earthworm species. It is also commonly known as karmai, taken from the Bunwurrung language. Description These giant earthworms average long and in diameter and can reach in length; however, their body is able to expand and contract making them appear much larger. On average they weigh about . They have a dark purple head and a blue-grey body, and about 300 to 400 body segments. Ecology They live in the subsoil of blue, grey or red clay soils along stream banks and some south- or west-facing hills of their remaining habitat which is in Gippsland in Victoria, Australia. These worms live in deep burrow systems and require water in their environment to respire. They have relatively long life spans for invertebrates and can take 5 years to reach maturity. They breed in the warmer months and produce egg capsules that are to in length which are laid in their burrows. When these worms hatch in 12 months they are around long at birth. Unlike most earthworms which deposit castings on the surface, they spend almost all their time in burrows about in depth and deposit their castings there, and can generally only be flushed out by heavy rain. They are usually very sluggish, but when they move rapidly through their burrows, it can cause an audible gurgling or sucking sound which allows them to be detected. Threatened status Gippsland earthworm colonies are small and isolated, and the species' low reproductive rates and slow maturation make those small populations vulnerable. Their natural habitats are grasslands, and while they can survive beneath pastures, cultivation, heavy cattle grazing and effluent run-off are adversarial to the species. The Gippsland earthworm requires moist loamy soil to thrive; dense tree planting negatively affects soil humidity, which in turn negatively affects the species' habitat. No successful breeding has yet been achieved in captivity. Education Until it closed in 2012 amid animal welfare concerns, Wildlife Wonderland Park near Bass, Victoria, was home to the Giant Earthworm Museum. Inside the worm-shaped museum, visitors could crawl through a magnified replica of a worm burrow and a simulated worm's stomach. Displays and educational material on the giant Gippsland earthworm and other natural history of Gippsland were also featured. Tourism Interest in the Giant Gippsland earthworm has been exploited by the local tourist industry with an annual Karmai festival in Korumburra and a Giant Worm Museum at Bass. See also Giant Palouse earthworm - A vulnerable North American species. Oregon giant earthworm - A relative of the Palouse earthworm. Specimens have been recorded at 1.3 m (4 feet) long. Lake Pedder earthworm - Listed as the first "extinct" worm species from its original unique Tasmanian habitat. Lumbricus badensis - Giant (Badish) earthworm. Microchaetus rappi - Giant South African earthworm. References Listed as Vulnerable (VU D2 v2.3) External links Giant Gippsland earthworm at the Museum Victoria website Category:Megascolecidae Category:Vulnerable fauna of Australia Category:Animals described in 1878 Category:Environment of Victoria (Australia)

Shock wave In physics, a shock wave (also spelled shockwave), or shock, is a type of propagating disturbance that moves faster than the local speed of sound in the medium. Like an ordinary wave, a shock wave carries energy and can propagate through a medium but is characterized by an abrupt, nearly discontinuous, change in pressure, temperature, and density of the medium. For the purpose of comparison, in supersonic flows, additional increased expansion may be achieved through an expansion fan, also known as a Prandtl–Meyer expansion fan. The accompanying expansion wave may approach and eventually collide and recombine with the shock wave, creating a process of destructive interference. The sonic boom associated with the passage of a supersonic aircraft is a type of sound wave produced by constructive interference. Unlike solitons (another kind of nonlinear wave), the energy and speed of a shock wave alone dissipates relatively quickly with distance. When a shock wave passes through matter, energy is preserved but entropy increases. This change in the matter's properties manifests itself as a decrease in the energy which can be extracted as work, and as a drag force on supersonic objects; shock waves are strongly irreversible processes. Terminology Shock waves can be: Normal At 90° (perpendicular) to the shock medium's flow direction. Oblique At an angle to the direction of flow. Bow Occurs upstream of the front (bow) of a blunt object when the upstream flow velocity exceeds Mach 1. Some other terms Shock front: The boundary over which the physical conditions undergo an abrupt change because of a shock wave. Contact front: In a shock wave caused by a driver gas (for example the "impact" of a high explosive on the surrounding air), the boundary between the driver (explosive products) and the driven (air) gases. The Contact Front trails the Shock Front. In supersonic flows The abruptness of change in the features of the medium, that characterize shock waves, can be viewed as a phase transition: the pressure-time diagram of a supersonic object propagating shows how the transition induced by a shock wave is analogous to a dynamic phase transition. When an object (or disturbance) moves faster than the information can propagate into the surrounding fluid, then the fluid near the disturbance cannot react or "get out of the way" before the disturbance arrives. In a shock wave the properties of the fluid (density, pressure, temperature, flow velocity, Mach number) change almost instantaneously. Measurements of the thickness of shock waves in air have resulted in values around 200 nm (about 10−5 in), which is on the same order of magnitude as the mean free gas molecule path. In reference to the continuum, this implies the shock wave can be treated as either a line or a plane if the flow field is two-dimensional or three-dimensional, respectively. Shock waves are formed when a pressure front moves at supersonic speeds and pushes on the surrounding air. At the region where this occurs, sound waves travelling against the flow reach a point where they cannot travel any further upstream and the pressure progressively builds in that region; a high pressure shock wave rapidly forms. Shock waves are not conventional sound waves; a shock wave takes the form of a very sharp change in the gas properties. Shock waves in air are heard as a loud "crack" or "snap" noise. Over longer distances, a shock wave can change from a nonlinear wave into a linear wave, degenerating into a conventional sound wave as it heats the air and loses energy. The sound wave is heard as the familiar "thud" or "thump" of a sonic boom, commonly created by the supersonic flight of aircraft. The shock wave is one of several different ways in which a gas in a supersonic flow can be compressed. Some other methods are isentropic compressions, including Prandtl–Meyer compressions. The method of compression of a gas results in different temperatures and densities for a given pressure ratio which can be analytically calculated for a non-reacting gas. A shock wave compression results in a loss of total pressure, meaning that it is a less efficient method of compressing gases for some purposes, for instance in the intake of a scramjet. The appearance of pressure-drag on supersonic aircraft is mostly due to the effect of shock compression on the flow. Normal shocks In elementary fluid mechanics utilizing ideal gases, a shock wave is treated as a discontinuity where entropy increases over a nearly infinitesimal region. Since no fluid flow is discontinuous, a control volume is established around the shock wave, with the control surfaces that bound this volume parallel to the shock wave (with one surface on the pre-shock side of the fluid medium and one on the post-shock side). The two surfaces are separated by a very small depth such that the shock itself is entirely contained between them. At such control surfaces, momentum, mass flux and energy are constant; within combustion, detonations can be modelled as heat introduction across a shock wave. It is assumed the system is adiabatic (no heat exits or enters the system) and no work is being done. The Rankine–Hugoniot conditions arise from these considerations. Taking into account the established assumptions, in a system where the downstream properties are becoming subsonic: the upstream and downstream flow properties of the fluid are considered isentropic. Since the total amount of energy within the system is constant, the stagnation enthalpy remains constant over both regions. Though, entropy is increasing; this must be accounted for by a drop in stagnation pressure of the downstream fluid. Other shocks Oblique shocks When analyzing shock waves in a flow field, which are still attached to the body, the shock wave which is deviating at some arbitrary angle from the flow direction is termed oblique shock. These shocks require a component vector analysis of the flow; doing so allows for the treatment of the flow in an orthogonal direction to the oblique shock as a normal shock. Bow shocks When an oblique shock is likely to form at an angle which cannot remain on the surface, a nonlinear phenomenon arises where the shock wave will form a continuous pattern around the body. These are termed bow shocks. In these cases, the 1d flow model is not valid and further analysis is needed to predict the pressure forces which are exerted on the surface. Shock waves due to nonlinear steepening Shock waves can form due to steepening of ordinary waves. The best-known example of this phenomenon is ocean waves that form breakers on the shore. In shallow water, the speed of surface waves is dependent on the depth of the water. An incoming ocean wave has a slightly higher wave speed near the crest of each wave than near the troughs between waves, because the wave height is not infinitesimal compared to the depth of the water. The crests overtake the troughs until the leading edge of the wave forms a vertical face and spills over to form a turbulent shock (a breaker) that dissipates the wave's energy as sound and heat. Similar phenomena affect strong sound waves in gas or plasma, due to the dependence of the sound speed on temperature and pressure. Strong waves heat the medium near each pressure front, due to adiabatic compression of the air itself, so that high pressure fronts outrun the corresponding pressure troughs. There is a theory that the sound pressure levels in brass instruments such as the trombone become high enough for steepening to occur, forming an essential part of the bright timbre of the instruments. While shock formation by this process does not normally happen to unenclosed sound waves in Earth's atmosphere, it is thought to be one mechanism by which the solar chromosphere and corona are heated, via waves that propagate up from the solar interior. Analogies A shock wave may be described as the furthest point upstream of a moving object which "knows" about the approach of the object. In this description, the shock wave position is defined as the boundary between the zone having no information about the shock-driving event and the zone aware of the shock-driving event, analogous with the light cone described in the theory of special relativity. To produce a shock wave, an object in a given medium (such as air or water) must travel faster than the local speed of sound. In the case of an aircraft travelling at high subsonic speed, regions of air around the aircraft may be travelling at exactly the speed of sound, so that the sound waves leaving the aircraft pile up on one another, similar to a traffic jam on a motorway. When a shock wave forms, the local air pressure increases and then spreads out sideways. Because of this amplification effect, a shock wave can be very intense, more like an explosion when heard at a distance (not coincidentally, since explosions create shock waves). Analogous phenomena are known outside fluid mechanics. For example, particles accelerated beyond the speed of light in a refractive medium (where the speed of light is less than that in a vacuum, such as water) create visible shock effects, a phenomenon known as Cherenkov radiation. Phenomenon types Below are a number of examples of shock waves, broadly grouped with similar shock phenomena: Moving shock Usually consists of a shock wave propagating into a stationary medium In this case, the gas ahead of the shock is stationary (in the laboratory frame) and the gas behind the shock can be supersonic in the laboratory frame. The shock propagates with a wavefront which is normal (at right angles) to the direction of flow. The speed of the shock is a function of the original pressure ratio between the two bodies of gas. Moving shocks are usually generated by the interaction of two bodies of gas at different pressure, with a shock wave propagating into the lower pressure gas and an expansion wave propagating into the higher pressure gas. Examples: Balloon bursting, Shock tube, shock wave from explosion. Detonation wave A detonation wave is essentially a shock supported by a trailing exothermic reaction. It involves a wave travelling through a highly combustible or chemically unstable medium, such as an oxygen-methane mixture or a high explosive. The chemical reaction of the medium occurs following the shock wave, and the chemical energy of the reaction drives the wave forward. A detonation wave follows slightly different rules from an ordinary shock since it is driven by the chemical reaction occurring behind the shock wavefront. In the simplest theory for detonations, an unsupported, self-propagating detonation wave proceeds at the Chapman-Jouguet flow velocity. A detonation will also cause a shock of type 1, above to propagate into the surrounding air due to the overpressure induced by the explosion. When a shock wave is created by high explosives such as TNT (which has a detonation velocity of 6,900 m/s), it will always travel at high, supersonic velocity from its point of origin. Bow shock (detached shock) These shocks are curved and form a small distance in front of the body. Directly in front of the body, they stand at 90 degrees to the oncoming flow and then curve around the body. Detached shocks allow the same type of analytic calculations as for the attached shock, for the flow near the shock. They are a topic of continuing interest, because the rules governing the shock's distance ahead of the blunt body are complicated and are a function of the body's shape. Additionally, the shock standoff distance varies drastically with the temperature for a non-ideal gas, causing large differences in the heat transfer to the thermal protection system of the vehicle. See the extended discussion on this topic at Atmospheric reentry. These follow the "strong-shock" solutions of the analytic equations, meaning that for some oblique shocks very close to the deflection angle limit, the downstream Mach number is subsonic. See also bow shock or oblique shock Such a shock occurs when the maximum deflection angle is exceeded. A detached shock is commonly seen on blunt bodies, but may also be seen on sharp bodies at low Mach numbers. Examples: Space return vehicles (Apollo, Space shuttle), bullets, the boundary (Bow shock) of a magnetosphere. The name "bow shock" comes from the example of a bow wave, the detached shock formed at the bow (front) of a ship or boat moving through water, whose slow surface wave speed is easily exceeded (see ocean surface wave). Attached shock These shocks appear as attached to the tip of sharp bodies moving at supersonic speeds. Examples: Supersonic wedges and cones with small apex angles. The attached shock wave is a classic structure in aerodynamics because, for a perfect gas and inviscid flow field, an analytic solution is available, such that the pressure ratio, temperature ratio, angle of the wedge and the downstream Mach number can all be calculated knowing the upstream Mach number and the shock angle. Smaller shock angles are associated with higher upstream Mach numbers, and the special case where the shock wave is at 90° to the oncoming flow (Normal shock), is associated with a Mach number of one. These follow the "weak-shock" solutions of the analytic equations. In rapid granular flows Shock waves can also occur in rapid flows of dense granular materials down inclined channels or slopes. Strong shocks in rapid dense granular flows can be studied theoretically and analyzed to compare with experimental data. Consider a configuration in which the rapidly moving material down the chute impinges on an obstruction wall erected perpendicular at the end of a long and steep channel. Impact leads to a sudden change in the flow regime from a fast moving supercritical thin layer to a stagnant thick heap. This flow configuration is particularly interesting because it is analogous to some hydraulic and aerodynamic situations associated with flow regime changes from supercritical to subcritical flows. In astrophysics Astrophysical environments feature many different types of shock waves. Some common examples are supernovae shock waves or blast waves travelling through the interstellar medium, the bow shock caused by the Earth's magnetic field colliding with the solar wind and shock waves caused by galaxies colliding with each other. Another interesting type of shock in astrophysics is the quasi-steady reverse shock or termination shock that terminates the ultra relativistic wind from young pulsars. Meteor entering events The Tunguska event and the 2013 Russian meteor event are the best documented evidence of the shock wave produced by a massive meteoroid. When the 2013 meteor entered into the Earth's atmosphere with an energy release equivalent to 100 or more kilotons of TNT, dozens of times more powerful than the atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima, the meteor's shock wave produced damages as in a supersonic jet's flyby (directly underneath the meteor's path) and as a detonation wave, with the circular shock wave centred at the meteor explosion, causing multiple instances of broken glass in the city of Chelyabinsk and neighbouring areas (pictured). Technological applications In the examples below, the shock wave is controlled, produced by (ex. airfoil) or in the interior of a technological device, like a turbine. Recompression shock These shocks appear when the flow over a transonic body is decelerated to subsonic speeds. Examples: Transonic wings, turbines Where the flow over the suction side of a transonic wing is accelerated to a supersonic speed, the resulting re-compression can be by either Prandtl–Meyer compression or by the formation of a normal shock. This shock is of particular interest to makers of transonic devices because it can cause separation of the boundary layer at the point where it touches the transonic profile. This can then lead to full separation and stall on the profile, higher drag, or shock-buffet, a condition where the separation and the shock interact in a resonance condition, causing resonating loads on the underlying structure. Pipe flow This shock appears when supersonic flow in a pipe is decelerated. Examples: In supersonic propulsion: ramjet, scramjet, unstart. In flow control: needle valve, choked venturi. In this case the gas ahead of the shock is supersonic (in the laboratory frame), and the gas behind the shock system is either supersonic (oblique shocks) or subsonic (a normal shock) (Although for some oblique shocks very close to the deflection angle limit, the downstream Mach number is subsonic.) The shock is the result of the deceleration of the gas by a converging duct, or by the growth of the boundary layer on the wall of a parallel duct. Combustion engines The wave disk engine (also named "Radial Internal Combustion Wave Rotor") is a kind of pistonless rotary engine that utilizes shock waves to transfer energy between a high-energy fluid to a low-energy fluid, thereby increasing both temperature and pressure of the low-energy fluid. Memristors In memristors, under externally-applied electric field, shock waves can be launched across the transition-metal oxides, creating fast and non-volatile resistivity changes. Shock capturing and detection Advanced techniques are needed to capture shock waves and to detect shock waves in both numerical computations and experimental observations. Computational fluid dynamics is commonly used to obtain the flow field with shock waves. Though shock waves are sharp discontinuities, in numerical solutions of fluid flow with discontinuities (shock wave, contact discontinuity or slip line), the shock wave can be smoothed out by low-order numerical method (due to numerical dissipation) or there are spurious oscillations near shock surface by high-order numerical method (due to Gibbs phenomena). There exist some other discontinuities in fluid flow than the shock wave. The slip surface (3D) or slip line (2D) is a plane across which the tangent velocity is discontinuous, while pressure and normal velocity are continuous. Across the contact discontinuity, the pressure and velocity are continuous and the density is discontinuous. A strong expansion wave or shear layer may also contain high gradient regions which appear to be a discontinuity. Some common features of these flow structures and shock waves and the insufficient aspects of numerical and experimental tools lead to two important problems in practices: (1) some shock waves can not be detected or their positions are detected wrong, (2) some flow structures which are not shock waves are wrongly detected to be shock waves. In fact, correct capturing and detection of shock waves are important since shock waves have the following influences: (1) causing loss of total pressure, which may be a concern related to scramjet engine performance, (2) providing lift for wave-rider configuration, as the oblique shock wave at lower surface of the vehicle can produce high pressure to generate lift, (3) leading to wave drag of high-speed vehicle which is harmful to vehicle performance, (4) inducing severe pressure load and heat flux, e.g. the Type IV shock–shock interference could yield a 17 times heating increase at vehicle surface, (5) interacting with other structures, such as boundary layers, to produce new flow structures such as flow separation, transition, etc. See also Blast wave Atmospheric focusing Atmospheric reentry Čerenkov radiation Explosion Hydraulic jump Joule–Thomson effect Kerner's breakdown minimization principle Mach wave Magnetopause Moreton wave Normal shock tables Oblique shock Prandtl–Meyer expansion fan Shocks and Discontinuities (MHD) Shock (mechanics) Sonic boom Three-phase traffic theory Traffic congestion reconstruction with Kerner's three-phase theory Supercritical airfoil Undercompressive shock wave Unstart Shock diamond Kelvin wake pattern References Further reading External links NASA Glenn Research Center information on: Oblique Shocks Multiple Crossed Shocks Expansion Fans Selkirk college: Aviation intranet: High speed (supersonic) flight Energy loss in a shock wave, normal and oblique shock waves Formation of a normal shock wave Fundamentals of compressible flow, 2007 NASA 2015 Schlieren image shock wave T-38C

Kiriko Isono is a Japanese comedian, entertainer, and actress represented by Ishii-Mitsuzo Office. Filmography Current TV appearances Guest appearances Stage Former appearances Dramas References External links Category:Japanese comedians Category:Japanese entertainers Category:Japanese actresses Category:1964 births Category:People from Mie Prefecture Category:Living people

Olegario Lazo Baeza Olegario Lazo Baeza (1878 in San Fernando, Chile – 1964 in Santiago) was a Chilean writer. Works Reproduction and back horses, 1915 Military Stories, 1922, brings together 18 stories New military stories, 1924, contains 14 stories, including the classic Father Other military stories, 1944 The last gallop, 1944 Men and horses, 1951 Plot, 1957, selected stories Category:1878 births Category:1964 deaths Category:Chilean male writers Category:Chilean Army officers Category:Liceo Neandro Schilling alumni

My Life with Master My Life with Master is an independently published role-playing game written by Paul Czege and published by Half Meme Press (it was first released at the 2003 Gen Con gaming convention). My Life with Master is a game about role-playing the servants or minions of an evil Master or Mistress. The game won several awards, and reviewers recognized it as well-written. As of 2018, the game is only available as a PDF file download from the publisher. Gameplay The prototypical setting of the role-playing game is in an unspecified Central European country in the early 19th century. Players in the game portray the Igor-like minions of an evil Master (or Mistress) who preys on the nearby Townsfolk. Like most role-playing games, there is a Gamemaster (GM). In this case the GM plays the part of the Master. However, the GM and players together are supposed to "design" the Master, in terms of defining his "Wants", "Needs", "Aspect", and "Type". These traits have no explicit mechanical effect, but are used to define the desires and mannerisms of the Master and how he interacts with the Townsfolk and his minions. Masters have two game statistics, "Fear" (a measure of his power over minions) and "Reason" (how much minions and Townsfolk can resist the Master's control over them). In contrast, the Master's minions, the characters portrayed by the players, are defined (in terms of game statistics) by their levels of "Weariness" and "Self-loathing", and the connections of "Love" that they have (successfully or unsuccessfully) tried to make with the Townsfolk. Self-loathing is a measure of the power that a minion has to intimidate the Townsfolk, while Weariness limits their abilities to complete their tasks. Love allows minions to resist their Master and his demands on them. Gameplay is generally resolved through a series of "scenes". A player describes what their minion is trying to do, be it carrying out their Master's wishes or trying to resist him, interacting with the Townsfolk, attempting an act of Love (which could result in increasing their "Love" trait, or increasing their "Self-loathing" if the attempt fails), etc. A series of dice rolls are used to determine success or failure, and then the scene is played out according to that outcome. Unlike other role-playing games that may have long campaigns, My Life with Master games are typically designed to end after a small number of playing sessions. As one reviewer stated, My Life with Master "strives to tell a story, and stories have endings." Usually, a game culminates with the death of the Master at the hands of one (or more) of his minions. Sometimes, the Master dies because the Townsfolk are "sick of his predations" and "storm his domicile -- pitchforks in hand and torches aflame". Some or all of the players' characters might also meet their end in the hands of the Townsfolk, or the Master kills them as they try to resist his commands and suffer the consequences of their failure. Critical reception My Life with Master won the 2004 Diana Jones Award. In addition, it also won the 2003 Out of the Box Award for Best Sui Generis RPG and the 2003 Indie Roleplaying Game of the Year. Steve Darlington, in his review, stated that "even if you never play this game, you will be smarter simply for having read it" since "it quickly becomes hard to distinguish [Czege's] choice of attributes from a high-level academic deconstruction of the character tropes in gothic horror films at a level which could easily be found on a college reading list." He also said that it is "one of the very few horror games that may actually need disclaimers, and maybe even safe words too" for its "darker subtext" about escaping from abusive relationships. According to Heather Barnhorst "Czege writes with wit and doesn't fear to let his understanding of game theory shine through. Colin Theriot's illustrations evoke exactly the right mood for the setting and are enjoyable as stand-alone art." Reviewer Matthew Pook warned that "Despite the simplicity of the [game] mechanics ... they are not as clearly written as they need to be ... The GM will need to make a close read of the otherwise well-written text to help grasp how the outcome of a scene will alter a minion's statistics." He concluded his review stating "although not going to be everyone's cup of tea, My Life With Master is the most interesting roleplaying game released this year [2003] and perhaps the most challenging." Game designer Greg Costikyan has praised My Life with Master for the way it "evokes emotions and feelings rare in games", and considers it to work in part because the Gothic horror theme has "a defined narrative arc: hubris and terror, followed by a fall". References External links My Life with Master at Half Meme Press Review by game designer Greg Costikyan Half Meme Press Forum at The Forge, mostly concerned with MLwM Category:Horror role-playing games Category:Indie role-playing games Category:Role-playing games introduced in 2003

List of county roads in Anoka County, Minnesota The following is a list of county-maintained roads in Anoka County, Minnesota, United States. Many routes in this list are also county-state-aid-highways (CSAH.) CR 1–CR 25 County Road 1 runs from County Road 14 (East Main Street) in Anoka, then follows 5th Avenue, East River Road and Coon Rapids Boulevard into Coon Rapids. It splits with County Road 3 further east in the city, then follows East River Road through Fridley parallel to the Mississippi River. It then proceeds south to the Hennepin County line, where it continues as Hennepin County Road 23. The route runs concurrently with the Great River Road from its southern terminus to Interstate 694. County Road 1 is 14.29 miles (23 km) in length. County Road 2 is a route in southern Anoka County that begins at an intersection with County 1, then follows 44th Avenue North, Main Street NE, 40th Avenue North and Reservoir Boulevard to the Ramsey County line, where it turns into Ramsey County Road 15. County Road 2 is 3.433 miles (5.525 km) in length. County Road 3 runs from an interchange with County Road 1 in Coon Rapids and follows Coon Rapids Boulevard, County Road 10, and University Avenue to MN 47 in Blaine, near the Northtown Mall. County Road 4 begins at the intersection of Anoka County Road 2 and Ramsey County Road 15 at the border between Anoka County and Ramsey County. It follows Stinson Boulevard to 49th Avenue Northeast and follows it west to the intersection of County Road 104 and MN 47. It is located in Columbia Heights for its entire length. County Road 4 is 1.98 miles (3.19 km) in length. County Road 5 begins at County Road 24 in Nowthen. It goes south-east and continues into Ramsey, where it ends at MN 47. County Road 5 is 10.415 miles (16.761 km) in length. County Road 6 begins at East River Road (County 1) in Fridley. It goes as Mississippi Street until Central Ave (County 35) and goes southbound with County Road 35 until Rice Creek Road, where it turns east-bound and remains so until the Ramsey County line, becoming Ramsey County Road 11. County Road 6 is 2.53 miles (4.07 km) in length. County Road 7 begins at Main Street (County 14) in Anoka. It proceeds north of US-10 and MN-47, and enters Andover. In Andover, it turns to the west on 165th Avenue Northwest, then turns north onto Roanoke Street. At County Road 27, it becomes Rum River Boulevard. It ends in St. Francis at County Road 24. The route used to go further south to East River Road (County 1.) County Road 7 is 13.87 miles (22.32 km) in length. County Road 8 begins at East River Road (County 1) in Fridley. It follows Osborne Road to Central Avenue (County 35.) It has a concurrency with County 35 until 73rd Avenue Northeast, where it turns to the east. Then it ends at the Ramsey County line where it continues as Ramsey County Road H2. Between MN 47 and County Road 35, County Road 8 runs on the border of Fridley and Spring Lake Park. County Road 8 is 2.77 miles (4.46 km) in length. County Road 9 begins at Main Street (County 14) in Coon Rapids. It follows Round Lake Boulevard to County Road 58 near Oak Grove and Andover, where Round Lake Boulevard turns into Lake George Boulevard. It passes through Oak Grove and ends in Bethel at County Road 24. County Road 9 is 13.429 miles (21.612 km) in length. County Road 10 goes from the intersection of MN-47 and County Road 3 / Coon Rapids Boulevard to the Ramsey County line, where it continues as Ramsey County Road 10. The route was part of the old alignment of US 10. County Road 10 is 2.576 miles (4.146 km) in length. County Road 11 begins at East River Road (County 1) and MN-610. It follows Foley Boulevard north to Northdale Boulevard, where it turns to the west (pictured.) It has a brief concurrency with Hanson Boulevard (County Road 78,) before continuing to its endpoint at Crooked Lake Boulevard (County 18.) County Road 11 is 6.303 miles (10.144 km) in length. County Road 12 begins at County Road 11 as Northdale Boulevard in Coon Rapids. It goes to University Avenue (County 51) and turns into 109th Avenue Northeast in Blaine. It has a brief concurrency with Sunset Avenue (County 53) before entering Lino Lakes. It then ends at Lake Drive (County 23.) County Road 12 is in length. County Road 13 is a route in northern Anoka County. Its southern terminus is at County Road 22 in Oak Grove. It then proceeds north until it reaches the eastern terminus of County Road 103, where it turns to the east briefly. It then proceeds north to County Road 24 and County Road 73, which is the route's northern terminus. County Road 13 is in length. County Road 14 is a major route in southern Anoka County. It begins at 5th Avenue (County Road 1) at its western terminus in Anoka. The route follows Main Street into Coon Rapids before turning into 125th Avenue Northeast in Blaine. It switches back to Main Street in Lino Lakes. It follows Main Street to the Washington County line, where it continues as Washington County Road 8. 5.2 miles of the route used to be Minnesota State Highway 242, until 2007. County Road 14 is in length. County Road 15 (non-CSAH) begins at County 22 and County 68 in East Bethel. It runs concurrent with County Road 74 and then goes northbound to County Road 26. County Road 16 (non-CSAH) is Andover Boulevard from County Road 78 (Hanson Boulevard) in Andover to MN-65 in Ham Lake. County Road 17 is a major route in eastern Anoka County. Its southern terminus is at Ramsey County Road 51 and Anoka County Road 32 in Blaine. It follows Lexington Avenue to 197th Avenue Northeast in Columbus, where it turns to the west and follows 197th Avenue to Viking Boulevard (County 22) where it ends at its northern terminus. County Road 17 is in length. County Road 18 is made up of two disjoint sections. The first section is located entirely in Coon Rapids and runs from County Road 1 (Coon Rapids Boulevard) to County Road 11 (Northdale Boulevard.) The second section runs from Main Street (County 14) to the Washington County line where it turns into Washington County Road 2. County Road 18 is in length. County Road 19 (non-CSAH) is a rural road that runs through Columbus from Lake Drive (County 23) to Broadway Avenue (County 18.). County Road 19 is 3.2 miles in length. County Road 20 begins at 7th Avenue (County 7) in Andover. It follows 157th Avenue North to Round Lake Boulevard (County 9,) then follows 161st Avenue Northwest to County Road 18 and County Road 60. County Road 20 is in length. County Road 21 is a route in Centerville and Lino Lakes, which runs from County Road 14 (Main Street) to the Ramsey County line, where it continues as Ramsey County Road 59. County Road 21 is in length. County Road 22 is a major route in northern Anoka County. The road begins at the border between Elk River and Nowthen at Sherburne County Road 12. It follows 181st Avenue Northwest to Baugh Street at an intersection with County Roads 83 and 64. Then the route turns to the north until it intersects County Road 65. Then the road follows Viking Boulevard through Oak Grove, East Bethel, and Linwood Township, before continuing into Chisago County as Chisago County Road 22. County Road 22 is in length. County Road 23 follows Lake Drive and Naples Street from the interchange of MN 97 and I-35 to County Road 32 (County J.) It runs diagonally across the eastern half of Anoka County. County Road 23 is in length. County Road 24 is a route in north Anoka County that runs from Isanti County Road 12 at the Isanti County line to the Sherburne County line, where it turns into Sherburne County Road 13. County Road 24 is in length. CR 26–CR 50 County Road 26 is a route that runs from County Road 85 in Linwood Township to County Road 24 in East Bethel. County Road 26 is in length. County Road 27 (non-CSAH) is a route in Ramsey that runs from County 7 (Rum River Boulevard) to MN 47 (Saint Francis Boulevard.) County Road 28 begins at County Road 24 in St. Francis. The route continues past MN 47 and proceeds to County Road 70, where it turns to the north and continues into Isanti County as Isanti County Road 7. County Road 28 is in length. County Road 30 begins at MN-47 (N Ferry Street.) It continues east to 4th Avenue (County 31,) and turns into Pierce Street. It ends at 7th Avenue (County 7.) County Road 30 is in length. County Road 31 begins at East Main Street in Anoka. It begins one block west of the western terminus of County Road 14. It crosses US-10, and turns right at Grant Street at CR 131. It then ends at 7th Avenue (County Road 7.) County Road 31 is in length. County Road 32 begins at MN-65 in Blaine. It is also known as County Road J throughout its route, until it briefly turns north at the North Oaks Farm fields in Southeastern Lino Lakes. The rest of its pathway is entirely in Lino Lakes, to its end at Centerville Road. It crosses US-10 and I-35W along the way, before ending at Centerville Road (County 21.) County Road 34 is Birch Street from County Road 49 (Hodgson Road) to County Road 54 (20th Avenue) in Lino Lakes. County Road 35 begins at MN-65 near Moore Lake as Central Avenue. The road ends at County Road 10, near the Ramsey County line. County Road 35 is in length. County Road 36 is a route in north-east Anoka County that runs from Isanti County Road 18 at the Isanti County line to Chisago County Road 19 at the Chisago County line. County Road 36 is in length. County Road 49 is a route that runs from County 17 (Lexington Avenue) to the Ramsey County line, where it continues as Ramsey County Road 49. Before 1998, the route was part of old MN 49. CR 51–CR 75 County Road 51 is University Avenue from County Road 10 / County Road 3 to County Road 14. It is the road that borders Coon Rapids and Blaine.County Road 52 begins at Lexington Avenue (County 17.) It follows Lovell Road, 95th Avenue, and 101st Avenue, until turning into Radisson Road. The route continues north to 153rd Avenue Northeast (County 61.) County Road 53 (non-CSAH) is Sunset Avenue in Blaine from North Road (County 49) to 125th Avenue North (County 14.) County Road 54 is a route in eastern Anoka County that runs from an interchange with County Road J near Interstate 35E, to County 23 (Lake Drive) near an interchange with Interstate 35, near State Hwy 97. County Road 56 is a Ramsey Boulevard in Ramsey from US 10 / US 169 to County 5 (Nowthen Boulevard.) County Road 57 is a route in Ramsey that runs from US 10 / US 169 to County 5. County Road 58 is a route located mostly in Andover and Oak Grove that runs from County 7 (7th Avenue) to County 18 (Crosstown Boulevard.) County Road 59 (non-CSAH) is a route in Andover that runs from County 20 (161st Avenue North) to County 58 (181st Avenue North.) County Road 60 (non-CSAH) is a route in Andover and Ham Lake that runs from the intersection of County 18 and County 20 to County 17 (Lexington Avenue.) County Road 61 (non-CSAH) is a route in Ham Lake that runs from an intersection with the northern terminus of County 52 to County 60. County Road 62 is Kettle River Boulevard from County 23 near Camp Three Road in Columbus, to the Chisago County line. County Road 63 (non-CSAH) is Green Valley Road in Ramsey from County 5 to MN 47. County Road 64 (non-CSAH) is a route in Ramsey that goes from the intersection of County 22 and County 83 to County 5. County Road 65 begins at County 5 in Nowthen. It goes slightly south to an intersection with County 22, where the route proceeds to the Sherburne County line, where it continues as Sherburne County Road 33. County Road 66 (non-CSAH) is a route in Nowthen that begins at MN 47 and proceeds north past County 22, where it ends at County 24. County Road 68 (non-CSAH) is a route in Ham Lake and East Bethel that runs from Crosstown Boulevard (County 18) to Viking Boulevard (County 22.) The route is known locally as Xylite Street and Greenbrook Drive. County Road 70 (non-CSAH) begins at County 24 near the Sherburne County line. It proceeds north-east to County 28. County Road 71 (non-CSAH) is a route located mostly in Saint Francis. It begins at County 24, and proceeds to the Isanti County line, where it becomes Isanti County Road 71. County Road 72 (non-CSAH) has two sections. They both start at County 24 in Saint Francis. The two sections merge and continue into Isanti County. County Road 73 (non-CSAH) is a route in Bethel and East Bethel that begins at the intersection of County 24 and County 13. The route proceeds north into Isanti County. County Road 74 (non-CSAH) serves Oak Grove, East Bethel, and Linwood Township. It begins at County 13 and proceeds past MN 65 and ends at County 22 near Linwood Lake. County Road 75 (non-CSAH) is a route in Linwood Township that runs from County 22 to an intersection with the western terminus of County 77. CR 76–CR 100 County Road 76 serves East Bethel and Linwood Township. The route follows Fawn Lake Drive from County 24 at the border with Isanti County to County 36. County Road 77 (non-CSAH) runs from the northern terminus of County 75 to the border with the Chisago County line, where it ends at County 36. County Road 78 begins at Viking Boulevard (County 22) in Oak Grove. It follows Flamingo Street until County 58 (181st Avenue,) where it turns into Hanson Boulevard. It continues into Andover and it enters Coon Rapids on the west side of Bunker Hills Regional Park, where it has a brief concurrency with County Road 11, and crosses US-10 / MN-47. It ends at Coon Rapids Boulevard (County 1) near the Coon Rapids Dam. County Road 78 is in length. County Road 79 (non-CSAH) is a route in Anoka and Coon Rapids that runs from County 7 to County 9. County Road 81 (non-CSAH) was a county route in Saint Francis that ran from MN 47 to County 28. County Road 82 (non-CSAH) begins at County Road 65 in Nowthen. The route follows Tiger Street to 205th Avenue North, where it turns to the west. It then proceeds to the Sherburne County line, where it becomes Sherburne County Road 34. County Road 83 is a route in western Anoka County that goes through Ramsey. It begins at County Road 22 and County Road 64, and follows Baugh Street to Armstrong Boulevard, and then proceeds to US-10 and US-169, where a new interchange was constructed in late 2015. County Road 84 (non-CSAH) is a route in Lino Lakes, which runs from County Road 14 (Main Street) to the Ramsey County line, where it continues as Ramsey County Road 60. It is known locally as Otter Lake Road. County Road 85 is a route that serves Linwood Township. Its southern terminus is at County Road 22 (Viking Boulevard,) and the route goes through Martin Lake before ending at its northern terminus at County Road 76 (Fawn Lake Drive.) County Road 86 (non-CSAH) serves Oak Grove and East Bethel. The route runs from County 13 to MN 65. County Road 87 (non-CSAH) is a route in Blaine that runs from MN 65 to Radisson Road (County 52,) along 105th Avenue North near the National Sports Center. County Road 89 (non-CSAH) is a short route in Nowthen that runs from County 24 to County 70. CR 101 and up County Road 102 begins at the intersection of Main Street NE and 44th Avenue North (County 2.) The road continues north to 57th Avenue North, where it turns to the east and ends at MN-47 in Fridley. County Road 102 is in length. County Road 103 (non-CSAH) is a route that runs on the border between Bethel and Oak Grove. Its western terminus is at County Road 24, and its eastern terminus is at County Road 13. County Road 104 (non-CSAH) is a short stretch of 49th Avenue North that begins at MN-47 and County Road 4 and goes west to County Road 102. County Road 105 (non-CSAH) was a former county route in Blaine and Lexington that ran from Lake Drive (County 23) to Lovell Road (County 52.) County Road 106 (non-CSAH) is Mississippi Street from the intersection of County Road 35 and County Road 6 to the Ramsey County line. County Road 108 (non-CSAH) is Osborne Road from the intersection of County Road 8 and County Road 35 to the Ramsey County line, where it continues as Ramsey County Road I. County Road 116 is Bunker Lake Boulevard from Armstrong Boulevard (County 83) in Ramsey to Lexington Avenue (County 17) in Ham Lake. The route is named for Bunker Lake, which is south of the road. A portion of the route used to have the designation of County Road 16. County Road 131 is a short route in Anoka. It begins at County Road 31 and continues north to the Rum River Human Service Center. County Road 132 (non-CSAH) is a route in Fridley and Coon Rapids. It begins at MN 47 (University Avenue) and continues west to County Road 1 (East River Road.) County Road 140 (non-CSAH) is a short route beginning at County Road 54 (20th Avenue) in Lino Lakes and continues east to the Washington County line, where it becomes Washington County Road 4A. County Road 153 was a former county route in Lino Lakes that ran from Sunset Avenue (County 53) to Apollo Drive (County 12.) County Road 153 was in length. County Road 158 (non-CSAH) is a route in Andover that begins at County Road 7 (7th Avenue and 165th Avenue) and proceeds to County Road 58 (Valley Drive.) County Road 163 (non-CSAH) is a short route that goes through Nowthen. It begins at County Road 22 (Baugh Street) and follows Burns Parkway north-east to County Road 5 (Nowthen Boulevard.) County Road 163 is in length. See also County Roads in Minnesota External links County Map References Anoka Category:Lists of roads in Minnesota

Austropyrgus tateiformis Austropyrgus tateiformis is a species of minute freshwater snail with an operculum, an aquatic gastropod mollusc or micromollusc in the Hydrobiidae family. This species is endemic to northwestern Tasmania, Australia. It is only known from its type locality near Arthur River. References Further reading External links See also List of non-marine molluscs of Australia Category:Hydrobiidae Category:Austropyrgus Category:Endemic fauna of Australia Category:Gastropods of Australia Category:Gastropods described in 2003

Lilla Sipos Lilla Sipos (born 14 July 1992) is a Hungarian footballer, who plays as a striker for St. Pölten-Spratzern in the ÖFB-Frauenliga. She is a member of the Hungarian national team. Club career Sipos played for FC Südburgenland of the Austrian ÖFB-Frauenliga and for Viktória FC-Szombathely of the Hungarian 1st Division. In July 2014 Sipos signed for AGSM Verona in the Italian Serie A. In 2015, she returned to the Austrian ÖFB-Frauenliga signing with St. Pölten-Spratzern. References External links Profile at FSK St. Pölten-Spratzern Category:1992 births Category:Living people Category:Hungarian women's footballers Category:Ferencvárosi TC players (women's handball) Category:Viktória FC-Szombathely players Category:Serie A (women's football) players Category:A.S.D. AGSM Verona F.C. players Category:Expatriate women's footballers in Italy Category:Hungarian expatriates in Italy Category:Hungarian expatriates in Austria Category:People from Mosonmagyaróvár Category:Women's association football forwards Category:Expatriate women's footballers in Austria Category:FSK St. Pölten-Spratzern players Category:Hungary women's international footballers

Heat shock factor In molecular biology, heat shock factors (HSF), are the transcription factors that regulate the expression of the heat shock proteins. A typical example is the heat shock factor of Drosophila melanogaster. Function Heat shock factors (HSF) are transcriptional activators of heat shock genes. These activators bind specifically to Heat Shock sequence Elements (HSE) throughout the genome whose consensus-sequence is a tandem array of three oppositely oriented "AGAAN" motifs or a degenerate version thereof. Under non-stressed conditions, Drosophila HSF is a nuclear-localized unbound monomer, whereas heat shock activation results in trimerization and binding to the HSE. The Heat Shock sequence Element is highly conserved from yeast to humans. Heat shock factor 1 (HSF-1) is the major regulator of heat shock protein transcription in eukaryotes. In the absence of cellular stress, HSF-1 is inhibited by association with heat shock proteins and is therefore not active. Cellular stresses, such as increased temperature, can cause proteins in the cell to misfold. Heat shock proteins bind to the misfolded proteins and associate from HSF-1. This allows HSF1 to form trimers and translocate to the cell nucleus and activate transcription. Its function is not only critical to overcome the proteotoxic effects of thermal stress, but also needed for proper animal development and the overall survival of cancer cells. Structure Each HSF monomer contains one C-terminal and three N-terminal leucine zipper repeats. Point mutations in these regions result in disruption of cellular localisation, rendering the protein constitutively nuclear in humans. Two sequences flanking the N-terminal zippers fit the consensus of a bi-partite nuclear localization signal (NLS). Interaction between the N- and C-terminal zippers may result in a structure that masks the NLS sequences: following activation of HSF, these may then be unmasked, resulting in relocalisation of the protein to the nucleus. The DNA-binding component of HSF lies to the N-terminus of the first NLS region, and is referred to as the HSF domain. Isoforms Humans express the following heat shock factors: References Category:Transcription factors

Capt. F. Deane Duff House The Capt. F. Deane Duff House is a historic site in Clewiston, Florida. It is located at 151 West Del Monte Avenue. On January 30, 1998, it was added to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places. References External links Hendry County listings at National Register of Historic Places at Category:Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Florida Category:Houses completed in 1936 Category:Houses in Hendry County, Florida Category:National Register of Historic Places in Hendry County, Florida

Australian Manufacturing Workers Union The Australian Manufacturing Workers Union (AMWU), or more fully the Automotive, Food, Metals, Engineering, Printing and Kindred Industries Union, is an Australian trade union. The AMWU represents a broad range of workers in the manufacturing sector, as well as associated industries, and is affiliated to the Australian Council of Trade Unions. The union is organised into six state branches, as well as four divisions, representing different industries or occupational groups: the Manufacturing Division, the Food and Confectionery Division, the Vehicle Division and the Printing Division. The AMWU is one of the most powerful unions in the Labor Left faction of the Australian Labor Party. History The Amalgamated Metal Workers Union (AMWU) was formed in 1972 with the amalgamation of three metal trade unions - the Boilermakers and Blacksmiths Society of Australia (BBS), the Sheet Metal Working Industrial Union of Australia (SMWU) and the Amalgamated Engineering Union (AEU). In 1937, BBS was the Boilermakers' Society of Australia, and following the merger with the Blacksmiths' Society of Australia in 1965, the union was renamed the Boilermakers' and Blacksmiths' Society of Australia. At its formation the AMWU had a membership of 171,000, making it the largest organisation in Australia by membership. In 1979, the Federated Shipwrights and Ship Constructors Union of Australia amalgamated with the AMWU, which changed its name to the Amalgamated Metal Workers and Shipwrights Union (AMWSU). When the Federated Moulders’ (Metals) Union amalgamated in 1983, the union's name changed slightly to the Amalgamated Metals Foundry & Shipwrights’ Union, but in 1985 reverted to be the Amalgamated Metal Workers’ Union. By 1987 the union's membership had declined slightly to 163,400. During the 1980s the AMWU played a pivotal role in securing the support of the left wing of the Australian union movement for the Prices and Incomes Accord, which involved unions agreeing to restrict their demands for wage increases in exchange for the federal government implementing policies to advance the 'social wage', including universal health insurance, investment in education and social welfare. In 1991 the AMWU amalgamated with the Association of Draughting Supervisory & Technical Employees (ADSTE) created the Metals and Engineering Workers’ Union. Two years later a further amalgamation with the Vehicle Builders Employees’ Federation of Australia resulted in the Automotive Metals & Engineering Union. In 1994 the union merged with the Confectionery Workers' and Food Preservers’ Union, itself a recent amalgamation of the Food Preservers' Union of Australia and the Confectionery Workers' Union of Australia, to form the Automotive Food Metals and Engineering Union. Finally, the Printing and Kindred Industries Union amalgamated to form the printing division of the Automotive, Food, Metals, Engineering, Printing and Kindred Industries Union. During the 1990s and 2000s membership of the AMWU declined dramatically, reflecting the rapid decline of the manufacturing sector in Australia, falling from 200,000 in 1995 to 157,000 in 2005. Losses then accelerated, membership more than halving over the following decade to 68,008 in 2017. National Secretaries 1973: Jack Garland 1981: Jack Kidd 1988: George Campbell 1996: Doug Cameron 2008: Dave Oliver 2012: Paul Bastian Political Activity During the 2010 Australian federal election the CFMEU and AMWU donated a total of $60,000 to the Greens. Further reading Reeves, Andrew and Andrew Dettmer (eds.) Organise, educate, control: the AMWU in Australia, 1852-2012. Clayton, Victoria: Monash University Publishing, 2013. . External links Official Website Australian Trade Union Archive entry for AMWU References Category:Trade unions in Australia Category:Manufacturing trade unions Category:Trade unions established in 1972 Category:1972 establishments in Australia

Hess v. Pawloski Hess v. Pawloski, 274 U.S. 352 (1927), was a case in which the Supreme Court of the United States held that a statute designating the Massachusetts registrar of motor vehicles as agent for purpose of service of process for out-of-state non-resident motorists complies with the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. Background Hess, a Pennsylvania resident, was involved in a car accident with Pawloski, a Massachusetts resident, while driving in Worcester, Massachusetts. At the time of the accident, a Massachusetts statute stated that a non-resident motorist implicitly consented to the appointment of the registrar of motor vehicles to act as his agent for service of process in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, and that personal service served upon the registrar was to be as valid as personal service upon the defendant, so long as a copy of the process was forwarded by registered mail to the defendant at the defendant's last known address. This legal concept of "implied consent" allowed Massachusetts to exercise jurisdiction over nonresidents who were not present in the state at the time service of process was executed upon the agent as stipulated in the statute. In the Massachusetts court, Hess appeared specially to contest jurisdiction but not answer the claim against him. His motion to dismiss was denied. On appeal, Hess argued that the Massachusetts statute at issue in the case was an unconstitutional exercise of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts's police power in light of the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment, and that Massachusetts could not exercise personal jurisdiction over him because he was not a resident of the state, he was not personally served while in Massachusetts, and he never consented to the appointment of an agent for service of process. Analysis In this decision, the Court expanded the reach of personal jurisdiction beyond rule promulgated in prior Supreme Court jurisprudence, because it suggested that non-residents are subject to a court having jurisdiction at the location of an accident. Only three exceptions to territorial jurisdiction existed: cases involving marriage status; where a party has given consent (e.g. establishing a corporation); and where the party is a resident of the state. In Hess, the court relaxed the legal rules defining consent established in Pennoyer v. Neff to include nonresidents who travel through Massachusetts using the highway system. This decision reflected an attempt by the Court to fit the problems of an increasingly more mobile and technologically advanced society in the model of Justice Field in Pennoyer. The Court reasoned that cars are dangerous, and that states have the power to regulate their operation in order to make highways safe. Here, the implied consent was narrowly limited to proceedings related to accidents on highways in which the non-resident is involved. The difference between a formal and informal appointment of an agent isn't substantive in relation to the Due Process Clause. Most importantly, the statute is not hostile to the non-resident, because he is put on nearly equal footing with the resident plaintiff. See also List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 274 References External links Summary of Hess v. Pawloski at Lawnix.com Category:1927 in United States case law Category:United States civil procedure case law Category:United States Supreme Court cases Category:United States Supreme Court cases of the Taft Court Category:Transportation in Worcester, Massachusetts Category:Vehicle law

Wellington State Park Wellington State Park is a state park in Bristol, New Hampshire on Newfound Lake. It features the largest freshwater swimming beach in the New Hampshire State Park system. Activities include swimming, fishing, non-motorized boating, hiking and picnicking. The park maintains volleyball and horseshoe courts. There is a seasonal snack bar. Gas grills are allowed along with wood and/or charcoal fires for cooking. References External links Wellington State Park Category:State parks of New Hampshire Category:Parks in Grafton County, New Hampshire Category:Bristol, New Hampshire

The Census Taker The Census Taker is a 1984 black comedy directed by Bruce R. Cook. It stars Greg Mullavey, Meredith MacRae, Timothy Bottoms, and Garrett Morris. The film was The Residents' first film soundtrack commission when their participation was suggested by Penn Jillette to Cook. It was released by Trans World Entertainment on VHS in 1988 under the title Husbands, Wives, Money & Murder. Plot When George (Greg Mullavey) and Martha (Meredith MacRae) let Harvey (Garrett Morris), an annoying census taker, into their home, they find themselves under a barrage of increasingly abusive questions. Furious at his intrusiveness, and at their wit's end, they kill the census taker and with the help of their friends Pete (Timothy Bottoms) and Eva (Austen Tayler), must hide the body from a determined investigator. Partial cast Greg Mullavey as George Meredith MacRae as Martha Garrett Morris as Harvey Timothy Bottoms as Pete Jennifer Finch as Punk Girl Troy Alexander as Edward Erin-Bruce Tolcharian as Robert William R. Bremer as Sheriff Independent reviews TV Guide review: The Census Taker References External links The Census Taker at the Internet Movie Database Husbands, Wives, Money, and Murder at Rotten Tomatoes Husbands, Wives, Money, and Murder at film.com Husbands, Wives, Money, and Murder at movieretriever.com Category:American television films Category:American black comedy films Category:American films Category:1984 television films

George Alexander Drummond Sir George Alexander Drummond, (11 October 1829 – 2 February 1910) was a Scottish-Canadian businessman and senator. Life and career Born in 1829 at Edinburgh, he was a younger son of the entrepreneurial stonemason, building contractor and city councillor, George Drummond, by his wife Margaret Pringle (b.c.1790). Drummond studied chemistry at Edinburgh University before coming to Montreal in 1854 to work for his brother-in-law, John Redpath, at Redpath Sugar. He married John Redpath's daughter, becoming a co-director of the family business with Peter Redpath, John's son. After the death of his first wife in 1884, he re-married Grace Parker, widow of the Rev. George Hamilton (brother of John Hamilton). Lady Drummond served as the first president of the Montreal National Council of Women of Canada (http://www.mcw-cfm.org/history.htm), as well as President and co-founding member of the Women's Canadian Club. She is most famously known for her work with the Red Cross. (http://www.mccord-museum.qc.ca/en/collection/artifacts/M988.98.2) In 1888, he was summoned to the Senate of Canada, representing the senatorial division of Kennebec, Quebec. He served until his death in 1910. From 1887 to 1896, he was a vice-president at the Bank of Montreal and then served as its president, first as the de facto president from 1897 and officially starting in 1905. He helped found the St. Margaret's Home for Incurables in 1894, purchasing the house that had previously been built for Sir William Collis Meredith. As a member of the Citizen's League, he sought to improve life in Montreal, and he served as president of the Royal Edward Institute, a dispensary for the prevention of tuberculosis, founded in 1909 by Jeffrey Hale Burland (1861–1914). His recreations were mirrored in other positions he held, including as the first president of the Royal Canadian Golf Association (1895) and president of the Art Association of Montreal. He was made a Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George in 1904 and a Commander of the Royal Victorian Order in 1908. He and his wife built a house on Sherbrooke Street in Montreal's Golden Square Mile. They also kept a summer home (Gads Hill) at Cacouna and an estate (Huntlywood), which is now known as Beaconsfield, where they raised pure-breds and kept a private golf course for their friends. He died in 1910 and is buried in Mount Royal Cemetery. References External links Photograph:George A. Drummond, 1874 - McCord Museum Photograph:George A. Drummond, 1891 - McCord Museum Photograph:Senator Sir George Drummond, 1900 - McCord Museum Photograph:George Drummond's House on Sherbrooke Street, Montreal, 1891 - McCord Museum Photograph:George Drummond's House on Sherbrooke Street, Montreal, circa 1890 - McCord Museum Category:1829 births Category:1910 deaths Category:Alumni of the University of Edinburgh Category:Anglophone Quebec people Category:Businesspeople from Edinburgh Category:Canadian Knights Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George Category:Canadian senators from Quebec Category:Candidates in the 1872 Canadian federal election Category:Canadian Commanders of the Royal Victorian Order Category:Conservative Party of Canada (1867–1942) senators Category:Pre-Confederation Canadian businesspeople Category:Scottish emigrants to pre-Confederation Quebec George Alexander Drummond Category:Bank of Montreal presidents Category:Immigrants to the Province of Canada Category:Mount Royal Cemetery burials

Bashkir Bashkir may refer to: Bashkirs, an ethnic group in Russia Bashkir language, a Turkic language spoken by the Bashkirs The (American) Bashkir Curly or Curly Horse, a curly-coated American horse breed The Bashkir horse, a horse breed from Bashkortostan in the Russian Federation Stefan Bashkir, a character in Eoin Colfer's novel The Supernaturalist The V'ornn name for their merchant class, in Eric Van Lustbader's Pearl Saga See also Bashkir State University Bashkiria (disambiguation) Category:Language and nationality disambiguation pages

Caballeronia udeis {{Taxobox | color = lightgrey | name = Caballeronia udeis | regnum = Bacteria | phylum = Proteobacteria | classis = Betaproteobacteria | ordo = Burkholderiales | familia = Burkholderiaceae | genus = Caballeronia | species = C. udeis| binomial = Caballeronia udeis| binomial_authority = (Vandamme et al. 2013) Dobritsa and Samadpour 2016 | type_strain = CCUG 63061T Hg 2T LMG 27134T R-20940T | synonyms = * Burkholderia udeis Vandamme et al. 2013 }}Caballeronia udeis is a bacterium from the genus Caballeronia'' and family Burkholderiaceae which has been reported to perform biological nitrogen fixation and promote plant growth References Category:Burkholderiales Category:Bacteria described in 2013

Transient synovitis Transient synovitis of the hip (also called toxic synovitis; see below for more synonyms) is a self-limiting condition in which there is an inflammation of the inner lining (the synovium) of the capsule of the hip joint. The term irritable hip refers to the syndrome of acute hip pain, joint stiffness, limp or non-weightbearing, indicative of an underlying condition such as transient synovitis or orthopedic infections (like septic arthritis or osteomyelitis). In everyday clinical practice however, irritable hip is commonly used as a synonym for transient synovitis. It should not be confused with sciatica, a condition describing hip and lower back pain much more common to adults than transient synovitis but with similar signs and symptoms. Transient synovitis usually affects children between three and ten years old (but it has been reported in a 3-month-old infant and in some adults). It is the most common cause of sudden hip pain and limp in young children. Boys are affected two to four times as often as girls. The exact cause is unknown. A recent viral infection (most commonly an upper respiratory tract infection) or a trauma have been postulated as precipitating events, although these are reported only in 30% and 5% of cases, respectively. Transient synovitis is a diagnosis of exclusion. The diagnosis can be made in the typical setting of pain or limp in a young child who is not generally unwell and has no recent trauma. There is a limited range of motion of the hip joint. Blood tests may show mild inflammation. An ultrasound scan of the hip joint can show a fluid collection (effusion). Treatment is with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and limited weight-bearing. The condition usually clears by itself within seven to ten days, but a small group of patients will continue to have symptoms for several weeks. The recurrence rate is 4–17%, most of which is in the first six months. Symptoms and signs Transient synovitis causes pain in the hip, thigh, groin or knee on the affected side. There may be a limp (or abnormal crawling in infants) with or without pain. In small infants, the presenting complaint can be unexplained crying (for example, when changing a diaper). The condition is nearly always limited to one side. The pain and limp can range from mild to severe. Some children may have a slightly raised temperature; high fever and general malaise point to other, more serious conditions. On clinical examination, the child typically holds the hip slightly bent, turned outwards and away from the middle line (flexion, external rotation and abduction). Active and passive movements may be limited because of pain, especially abduction and internal rotation. The hip can be tender to palpation. The log roll test involves gently rotating the entire lower limb inwards and outwards with the patient on his back, to check when muscle guarding occurs. The unaffected hip and the knees, ankles, feet and spine are found to be normal. Complications In the past, there have been speculations about possible complications after transient synovitis. The current consensus however is that there is no proof of an increased risk of complications after transient synovitis. One such previously suspected complication was coxa magna, which is an overgrowth of the femoral head and broadening of the femoral neck, accompanied by changes in the acetabulum, which may lead to subluxation of the femur. There was also some controversy about whether continuous high intra-articular pressure in transient synovitis could cause avascular necrosis of the femoral head (Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease), but further studies did not confirm any link between the two conditions. Diagnosis There are no set standards for the diagnosis of suspected transient synovitis, so the amount of investigations will depend on the need to exclude other, more serious diseases. Inflammatory parameters in the blood may be slightly raised (these include erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein and white blood cell count), but raised inflammatory markers are strong predictors of other more serious conditions such as septic arthritis. X-ray imaging of the hip is most often unremarkable. Subtle radiographic signs include an accentuated pericapsular shadow, widening of the medial joint space, lateral displacement of the femoral epiphyses with surface flattening (Waldenström sign), prominent obturator shadow, diminution of soft tissue planes around the hip joint or slight demineralisation of the proximal femur. The main reason for radiographic examination is to exclude bony lesions such as occult fractures, slipped upper femoral epiphysis or bone tumours (such as osteoid osteoma). An anteroposterior and frog lateral (Lauenstein) view of the pelvis and both hips is advisable. An ultrasound scan of the hip can easily demonstrate fluid inside the joint capsule (Fabella sign), although this is not always present in transient synovitis. However, it cannot reliably distinguish between septic arthritis and transient synovitis. If septic arthritis needs to be ruled out, needle aspiration of the fluid can be performed under ultrasound guidance. In transient synovitis, the joint fluid will be clear. In septic arthritis, there will be pus in the joint, which can be sent for bacterial culture and antibiotic sensitivity testing. More advanced imaging techniques can be used if the clinical picture is unclear; the exact role of different imaging modalities remains uncertain. Some studies have demonstrated findings on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI scan) that can differentiate between septic arthritis and transient synovitis (for example, signal intensity of adjacent bone marrow). Skeletal scintigraphy can be entirely normal in transient synovitis, and scintigraphic findings do not distinguish transient synovitis from other joint conditions in children. CT scanning does not appear helpful. Differential diagnosis Pain in or around the hip and/or limp in children can be due to a large number of conditions. Septic arthritis (a bacterial infection of the joint) is the most important differential diagnosis, because it can quickly cause irreversible damage to the hip joint. Fever, raised inflammatory markers on blood tests and severe symptoms (inability to bear weight, pronounced muscle guarding) all point to septic arthritis, but a high index of suspicion remains necessary even if these are not present. Osteomyelitis (infection of the bone tissue) can also cause pain and limp. Bone fractures, such as a toddler's fracture (spiral fracture of the shin bone), can also cause pain and limp, but are uncommon around the hip joint. Soft tissue injuries can be evident when bruises are present. Muscle or ligament injuries can be contracted during heavy physical activity —however, it is important not to miss a slipped upper femoral epiphysis. Avascular necrosis of the femoral head (Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease) typically occurs in children aged 4–8, and is also more common in boys. There may be an effusion on ultrasound, similar to transient synovitis. Neurological conditions can also present with a limp. If developmental dysplasia of the hip is missed early in life, it can come to attention later in this way. Pain in the groin can also be caused by diseases of the organs in the abdomen (such as a psoas abscess) or by testicular disease. Rarely, there is an underlying rheumatic condition (juvenile idiopathic arthritis, Lyme arthritis, gonococcal arthritis, ...) or bone tumour. Treatment Treatment consists of rest, non-weightbearing and painkillers when needed. A small study showed that the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug ibuprofen could shorten the disease course (from 4.5 to 2 days) and provide pain control with minimal side effects (mainly gastrointestinal disturbances). If fever occurs or the symptoms persist, other diagnoses need to be considered. References Further reading : An illustrated, free full-text review with emphasis on clinical examination of the acutely limping child. External links Category:Pediatrics Category:Inflammations Category:Disorders of synovium and tendon Category:Skeletal disorders

Frank Trigilio Frank J. Trigilio (January 19, 1919 – March 5, 1992) was an American football fullback who played one season in the All-America Football Conference with the Los Angeles Dons and Miami Seahawks. He first enrolled at the University of Vermont before transferring to Alfred University. He attended Oakfield High School in Oakfield, New York. References External links Just Sports Stats Category:1919 births Category:1992 deaths Category:Players of American football from New York (state) Category:American football fullbacks Category:Vermont Catamounts football players Category:Alfred Saxons football players Category:Los Angeles Dons players Category:Miami Seahawks players

Bible translations into Irish Translations of the Bible into Irish were first printed and published in the 17th century: the New Testament in 1602, the Old Testament in 1685, and the entire Bible (Old and New Testaments combined) in 1690. Walsh, Daniel and Bedel's version After the Tudor reconquest of Ireland, the established Church of Ireland attempted to consolidate the Reformation in Ireland, with little success among the Gaelic Irish. The first translation of the New Testament (Tiomna Nuadh) was begun by Nicholas Walsh, Bishop of Ossory, who worked on it until his untimely death in 1585. The work was continued by John Kearney (Treasurer of St. Patrick's, Dublin), his assistant, and Dr. Nehemiah Donellan, Archbishop of Tuam, and it was finally completed by William O'Domhnuill (William Daniel, Archbishop of Tuam in succession to Donellan). The Irish New Testament was printed in 1602 and was reprinted in 1681. The entire Bible (Old and New Testaments combined) was first published in 1690. The work of translating the Old Testament was undertaken by William Bedel (1571–1642), Bishop of Kilmore, who completed his translation within the reign of Charles I. However, the complete Bible was not published in Irish until 1685, in a revised version by Narcissus Marsh (1638–1713), Archbishop of Dublin. In 1817 the British and Foreign Bible Society published an edition of ‘An Biobla Naomhta’. It was printed in London in Roman typeface, and included the Bedell Old Testament and the O’Donnell New Testament. It is sometimes called the Bedel or Bedell version. Peadar Ua Laoghaire translation Peadar Ua Laoghaire (Peter O’Leary) was a Catholic priest and great scholar. He was born in 1839 and died in March 1920. He spoke Munster Irish and wrote much literature in the Irish language. He translated the whole Bible and some of it was published by Brún agus Ó Nóláin. The 4 Gospels were published in 1915, Acts in 1921. He translated the New Testament from the Vulgate with reference to the Greek, and translated the Old Testament from the Septuagint. The unpublished manuscripts are at Maynooth University. Joynt translation In 1951, the Hibernian Bible Society published a translation of the New Testament into Irish made by Earnán De Siúnta (Ernest Edwin Joynt, "An Buachaillín Buidhe") a Methodist active in the Gaelic League, and based on the 1602 translation. Translation by Pádraig Mac Giolla Cheara An Scrioptúir Naoṁṫa - na ceiṫre soiscéil agus gníoṁarṫa na n-Abstal (The Holy Scriptures - The 4 Gospels and Acts of the Apostles) was first translated into Irish Gaelic by Pádraig Mac Giolla Cheara. It was published in 1943 by Comhaltas Uladh of Belfast and Dundalk. It got the Imprimatur from Cardinal Joseph MacRory, Archbishop of Armagh, Primate of All Ireland. He later he produced a second edition of the Acts of the Apostles rendered into the revised modern Irish grammar and spelling in 1961. O'Cuinn New Testament 1970 In 1970 the New Testament (Tiomna Nua) was translated by Church of Ireland minister Cosslett Ó Cuinn (1907-1995), after he took up the post of professor of Biblical Greek at Trinity College, Dublin in 1961. It is based on the Revised Standard Version (RSV) in English and the original Greek. It has a distinct Ulster dialect. It was published in 1970 by Cumann Gaelach na hEaglaise (Irish Guild of the Church of Ireland) with the assistance of the Hibernian Bible Society (now called the National Bible Society of Ireland). He also translated the Book of Psalms which is in the Church of Ireland Book of Common Prayer. Maynooth Bible 1981 The Irish Roman Catholic bishops established a commission in 1945 to plan the publication of an Irish-language New Testament, and a steering committee in 1966 to publish a complete Bible. Books were published individually in various forms by An Sagart, a Catholic publisher established at Saint Patrick's College, Maynooth by Pádraig Ó Fiannachta, from the Gospel of Luke in 1964 until 1977. Ó Fiannachta and Coslett Ó Cuinn were among the translators. A complete version, revised from the originals and edited by Ó Fiannachta, was published as in 1981. This is now available online. In 2014 an edition of the New Testament and Psalms was published with revised proper names. References Further reading Scéalta as an Apocrypha; Roibeard D'Uidheas Mac Siacais a scríobh an réamhra; Muircheartach Ó Cionga a d'aistrigh don Easpag Bedell; Cosslett Ó Cuinn a chuir in eagar. Baile Átha Cliath: Oifig an tSoláthair, 1971 An Bíobla in Éirinn, (Leachtaí Cholm Cille XX), Má Nuad, 1990 Breatnach, Deasún, Bedell and the Irish version of the Old Testament, Conradh na Gaeilge, 1971 McCaughey, Terence, Dr Bedell and Mr King: the making of the Irish Bible, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, School of Celtic Studies, 2001 Ó Glaisne, Risteárd, Cosslett Ó Cuinn, Coiscéim, 1986 Williams, Nicholas, 'The Bible in Irish', The Encyclopedia of Ireland, Gill & Macmillan Ltd, 2003 Williams, Nicholas, I bPrionta i Leabhar, An Clóchomhar, 1986 External links Website with several translations of the Bible into Irish Category:Irish language Category:Irish literature Irish Category:Protestant evangelisation of Irish Roman Catholics

Joseph Binder Joseph Binder (1805–1863) was an Austrian painter. Life Binder was born at Vienna in 1805 and received his first art instruction in that city. From 1827 to 1834 he lived at Munich. Two years later he became a teacher at the Stadel Institute, Frankfurt am Main, a post he held until 1839. In 1847 he returned to Vienna and was elected in the following year a member of the Academy, of which he was made a lecturer in 1851. He died in 1864. Binder at first painted portraits, but afterwards turned his attention to historical subjects, a branch of art in which he was very successful. Towards the close of his life he painted frescoes for churches. Works The following are some of his best works: Portrait of the Emperor Albert II. (In the Kaisersaal at Frankfurt.) Madonna and Child. The Conversion of the Robber Julian. St. Catharine of Siena visiting a poor family. St. Florian. Conversion of St. Eustachius. (In the Belvedere, Vienna.) References Sources C. Reiter: Binder, Joseph in Österreichisches Biographisches Lexikon Attribution: See also :de:Joseph Binder (Designer) Category:1805 births Category:1863 deaths Category:19th-century Austrian painters Category:Austrian male painters Category:Artists from Vienna Category:Academy of Fine Arts Vienna faculty Category:Fresco painters

Feldgendarmerie The Feldgendarmerie (, "field gendarmerie") were a type of military police units of the armies of the Kingdom of Saxony (from 1810), the German Empire and Nazi Germany until the conclusion of World War II in Europe. Early history From 1810 to 1812 Saxony, Württemberg, Prussia and Bavaria founded a rural police force after the model of the Napoleonic French Gendarmerie. The Prussian Gendarmerie staff (Königlich Preußische Landgendarmerie = Royal Prussian state gendarmerie) were well-proven infantry and cavalry NCOs after serving their standard service time at the army and some COs. Officially they were still military personnel, equipped and paid by the Ministry of War, but in peacetime attached to the Ministry of the Interior, serving as normal or as mounted police. In case of a maneuver, mobilization or war 50% of the Gendarmerie formed the core of military police of the army, called Feldgendarmerie. Should more manpower be needed, regular infantry and cavalry corporals and some COs were seconded to the Feldgendarmerie under supervision of the former Gendarmerie NCOs/COs. The uniform of the Feldgendarmerie was identical with the uniform of the Landgendarmerie. At the outbreak of the First World War the Feldgendarmerie comprised 33 companies. They each had 60 men and two NCOs. By 1918, the number of companies had been expanded to 115 units. After World War I, all military police units were disbanded and no police units existed in the inter-war Weimar Republic era. Garrisons were patrolled by regular soldiers performing the duties of the military police. Nazi Germany When Adolf Hitler came to power in 1933, Feldgendarmerie were reintroduced into the Wehrmacht. The new units received full infantry training and were given extensive police powers. A military police school was set up at Potsdam, near Berlin to train Feldgendarmerie personnel. Subjects included Criminal code, general and special police powers, reporting duties, passport and identification law, weapons drill, self-defence techniques, criminal police methodology, and general administration. All prospective candidates served at a Feldgendarmerie command after the first term of examinations. Courses lasted one year and failure rates were high: in 1935 only 89 soldiers graduated from an initial intake of 219 candidates. Feldgendarmerie were employed within army divisions and as self-contained units under the command of an army corps. They often worked in close cooperation with the Geheime Feldpolizei (), district commanders and SS and Police Leaders. World War II Operations Feldgendarmerie units were generally given occupation duties in territories directly under the control of the Wehrmacht. Their duties policing the areas behind the front lines ranged from straightforward traffic control and population control to suppression and execution of partisans and the apprehension of enemy stragglers. When combat units moved forward out of a region, the Feldgendarmerie role would formally end as control was then transferred to occupation authorities under the control of the Nazi Party and SS. But Feldgendarmerie units are known to have assisted the SS in committing war crimes in occupied areas. Author Antony Beevor explores some well-documented cases of their participation in his book Stalingrad. Also, Felgendarmerie units took active part in Jew hunting operations, including in Western Europe. But by 1943 as the tide of war changed for Nazi Germany, the Feldgendarmerie were given the task of maintaining discipline in the Wehrmacht. Many ordinary soldiers deemed to be deserters were summarily executed by Feldgendarmerie units. This earned them the pejorative Kettenhunde () after the gorget they wore with their uniforms. The arbitrary and brutal policing of soldiers gave them the other nickname Heldenklauer () because they screened refugees and hospital transports for potential deserters with orders to kill suspected malingerers. Rear-echelon personnel would also be checked for passes that permitted them to be away from the front. The Feldgendarmerie also administered the Strafbattalion () which were Wehrmacht punishment units created for soldiers convicted by court martial and sentenced to a deferred execution. During the final days of the war, as the Third Reich crumbled, recruits or soldiers who committed even the slightest infraction were sent to Strafbatallione. The SS-Feldgendarmerie wore the same uniform and gorget as their Heer counterparts but had an addition cuff title indicating they were military police. Generally they conducted the same policing role, such as controlling rear areas but they also conducted counter-insurgency and extermination operations with Einsatzgruppen against Jews, partisans and those deemed to be "enemies of the Reich". These SS units had a severe reputation for being strict enforcers of military law. Nicknamed Kopf Jäger (Head Hunters), they also tracked down and punished those deemed to be deserters. From 1944 onwards, former members of the Ordnungspolizei serving with the Waffen SS, were also given military police powers and duties. These special SS-Feldgendarmerie were denoted by a diamond polizei-eagle insignia worn on the lower sleeve. In January 1944 as the Red Army began to advance on the Eastern Front, the power of the Feldgendarmerie was superseded by the creation of the Feldjägerkorps. Answering only to the German High Command (OKW), its three regiments were founded to maintain discipline and military cohesion in all branches of the Wehrmacht (including the Feldgendarmerie). Feldjägers were recruited from decorated, battle-hardened officers and NCOs. They had the military authority of the OKW to arrest and execute officers and soldiers from either the Wehrmacht or the SS for desertion, defeatism and other duty violations. Every unit of the Feldjäger had command of a "Fliegendes Standgericht" (flying drumhead trial/flying court martial), which comprised three judges. Despite the surrender of all German forces in May 1945, some Feldgendarmerie and Feldjägerkorps units in the western zones of occupied Germany were allowed to keep their weapons by the Allies because of the number of POWs that required guarding and processing. For example, the British VIII Corps based in Schleswig-Holstein used an entire regiment of volunteers from the Feldgendarmerie to maintain discipline at its demobilisation center at Meldorf. Re-activated military police, who received extra rations as pay, were identified by an armband stating Wehrmachtordnungstruppe (Armed Forces Order Troop). In June 1946, more than 12 months after the official end of the Second World War, the Feldgendarmerie became the last German units to surrender their arms. Organization The Feldgendarmerie was under the direct control of the German High Command O.K.H. (Oberkommando des Heeres). A Feldgendarmerie major general who was in charge of all Feldgendarmerie personnel attached to the Wehrmacht, was directly subordinated to the Generalquartiermeister. He was responsible for postings and personnel administration, monitoring the performance of the police units, allocation of tasks, traffic regulations and training. His immediate subordinate was a staff officer attached to each Oberkommando Army who commanded the one or more Feldgendarmerie battalions attached to each Wehrmacht formation. The staff officer was responsible for maintaining order and discipline, traffic control during large scale troop movements and maintaining transport routes. Each Feldgendarmerie battalion also had support personnel such as cooks, clerks, and armourers. A battalion was subdivided into smaller-sized Truppen which were attached to each division or corps. A Gruppe, a section sized unit, were then assigned to specific field or local commands. Feldgendarmerie sections would also be temporarily assigned to special operations, such as anti-partisan duties. A typical Truppe attached to an Infantry or Panzer Division would have up to three officers, 41 NCOs and 20 enlisted men. They would operate in Kübelwagen, trucks and motorcycles (with sidecars). Equipment These battalions were equipped with motorcycles and sidecars, Kübelwagen, field cars such as the Horch 4x4 and 3 ton Opel Blitz lorries and a small number of armoured vehicles as a means of transport. Weapons Personal weapons consisted of small arms such as the Walther PP which was designed as a civilian police pistol (PP Polizei-Pistole) or the Walther PPK both of which were favoured by officers whereas the Luger P08 and Walther P38 were used by other ranks. Machine pistols were carried by NCOs and the Mauser Karabiner 98k rifle was issued but was not widely used. The MG34 and MG42 were used as vehicle mounted armament for defending road blocks or vehicle checkpoints. Other military police troops Because the Feldgendarmerie did not have enough manpower to fulfill all of their tasks, the Wehrmacht established several military police like troops, some of them with limited authority. Heeres-/Wehrmachtsstreifendienst Verkehrsregelungsbataillone Feldjaegertruppe Postwar reorganization With the creation of the Bundeswehr in 1955, many of its branches of service were given names that would at least nominally distinguish them from their logical Wehrmacht equivalents. Thus, military police in the modern Bundeswehr were not called Feldgendarmerie. In fact, the original intent was to call the MPs Militärpolizei, literally military police. However, state officials protested as the law enforcement function in the brand new German constitution had been given primarily to the states, not the federation. The word Polizei (Police) was jealously guarded by the states, so the Federal Defence Ministry searched for a new designation and adopted Feldjäger which was a traditional Prussian regiment with some military police type functions. See also Feldjägerkorps Geheime Feldpolizei Notes External links An independent historian's page on the history of the German Feldgendarmerie and Feldjäger All different Cuffbands worn by the Feldgendarmerie Category:Defunct law enforcement agencies of Germany Category:Military provosts of Germany Category:Defunct military provosts Category:Defunct gendarmeries de:Feldjäger#Geschichte

Lai-yung Ruby Leung Lai-yung Ruby Leung is an atmospheric scientist internationally recognized in the field of Earth Systems modeling and hydrologic processes. She is known for her contributions in the development of local climate models as well as understanding the consequences of climate change. Her interests are diverse across mountain hydrometeorology, aerosol-cloud interactions, orographic precipitation and climate extremes. She is currently (2019) one of the eight Battelle Fellows at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL). Education and early life Leung completed her B.S. (1984) with honors in Physics and Statistics from the Chinese University of Hong Kong. She then took two years to teach at a local high school after which she earned her M.S. (1988) and Ph.D. (1991) in Atmospheric Science from Texas A&M University. Together with her advisor, Gerald North, she wrote her dissertation on 'Atmospheric Variability on a Zonally Symmetric Land Planet' where they studied the effects of external forcing on the atmosphere. During her post graduate degree, she also co-authored a paper titled 'A study of long-term climate change in a simple seasonal nonlinear climate model'. Career and research Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Leung completed her research dissertation at PNNL in 1989 before beginning her career as a research associate in 1991. She then worked as a staff scientist and senior scientist before becoming a laboratory fellow in 2004 and a Battelle Fellow in 2017. Her current research focuses on the dynamics of various land-atmosphere interactions as well as hydrological cycles. Her team at PNNL was the first group of researchers to link soot deposition with snowpack availability in the western United States. They also found that the primary cause of intense hurricanes is due to a climate cycle known as the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO). Along with other PNNL scientists, Leung contributed to the assessment of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) that jointly won the Nobel Peace Prize in 2007 with Albert Arnold. As a contributing author of the report's Regional Climate Projections, she helped disseminate the knowledge on the consequences of anthropogenic activities in global warming. Energy Exascale Earth System Model In 2016, Leung was appointed as the chief climate scientist of the Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SM), previously known as the Accelerated Climate Modeling for Energy (ACME) project, by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). By shifting climate models from global to a regional scale, Leung and her team enhanced the efficiency of computational modeling. The model provides twice as much as details than the previous simulations and further allows for focusing on local climate effects. Leung's leadership was crucial in investigating climate change through the perspectives of various Earth System components including hydrological and biogeochemical cycles as well as cryosphere-ocean systems. She is currently working on Phase II of the project that is expected to be completed by 2021. Professional service and membership Leung is an editor of the American Meteorological Society's Journal of Hydrometeorology and the American Geophysical Union's Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmosphere. She is co-chair of the Science Advisory Board Climate Working Group at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). She is also a member of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Research Applications Board and the Biological and Environmental Research Advisory Committee (BERAC). In the past, she served on the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine's Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate (BASC) and was a member of the Science Steering Committee for the Community Earth System Models. Workshops As a part of BERAC, Leung organized a workshop entitled 'Second Atmospheric River Tracking Method Inter-comparison Project''' where participants from the U.S. Federal Agencies, national laboratories, and U.S. and international universities attended. The workshop provided guidance on utilizing algorithms to understand the uncertainties of atmospheric river science. She has also organized several workshops and seminars sponsored by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), DOE, NOAA and National Science Foundation (NSF). Awards and recognitions Leung has been recognized in multiple national organizations. Her research on climate change has been featured in major news publications including Science, Popular Science, Wall Street Journal'' and National Public Radio among others. Some of her achievements are listed below: Fellow, American Geophysical Union (2015) Fellow, American Meteorological Society (2009) Fellow, American Association for the Advancement of Science (2008) Member, National Academy of Engineering (2017) Member, Washington State Academy of Sciences (2013) Distinguished Paper Award, International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces, January 13–16, San Francisco, CA (2002) Publications Leung has published over 250 peer-reviewed journal articles. Her most cited articles include research on climate modeling and the effects of climate change. References Category:Women atmospheric scientists Category:Living people Category:Year of birth missing (living people)

Agi Mishol Agi Mishol (; born October 20, 1947) is an Israeli poet. Considered by many to be one of Israel's most prominent and popular poets, Mishol's work has been published in several languages, and has won various awards including the Italian Lericipea award, the Israeli Prime Minister award and the Yehuda Amichai prize for literature. Biography Agi (Agnes) Fried (later Mishol) was born in Cehu Silvaniei, Transylvania, Romania, to Hungarian-speaking Jewish parents who survived the Holocaust. She was brought to Israel at the age of 4. Her parents ran a bicycle and electronics repair shop in Gedera, a small southern town. The family spoke mainly Hungarian at home. They lived in a small, one-room apartment in a housing project. Until she was drafted into the Israel Defense Forces, Mishol slept on an armchair that opened into a bed. She began writing poetry at an early age, but did poorly in school. During her military service at the nuclear facility in Dimona, she began studying literature at Ben Gurion University of the Negev. She was married briefly at 19 and a half. After her divorce she moved to Jerusalem and did her BA and MA degrees in Hebrew literature at Hebrew University of Jerusalem, where she attended a writing workshop given by Yehuda Amichai. In Jerusalem she met and married Giora Mishol, who was working for the Ministry of Absorption. They moved to Kfar Mordechai, a Moshav next to her hometown Gedera, where they grow peaches, persimmons and pomegranates. They have two children, Maya and Uri, seven cats and a dog. Mishol was an educator and Hebrew literature teacher at Be'er Tuvia high school during the years 1976 to 2001. After retiring, she served as a senior lecturer at Alma College for Hebrew Culture in Tel Aviv between the years 2002 and 2008. In 2006 she was the artistic director of the International Poetry Festival, held in Mishkenot Sha'ananim, Jerusalem. From 2011 to this date she leads the Helicon School of Poetry in Tel Aviv, where she also leads creative writing workshops. Mishol has lectured and taught creative writing at Ben Gurion University, Tel Aviv University, and the Hebrew University in Jerusalem where she also served as Poet-in-Residence (2007). In 2018 Mishol's personal literary archive, including manuscripts, drafts, photographs, letters and diaries was moved to the National Library of Israel in Jerusalem. Literary career Mishol is the author of 16 volumes of poetry. She self-published her first book, "Kodem Tafasti Rega," when she was 18 years old, but then recollected all copies in the bookshops and destroyed them. Her latest published book is "Mal'ach Hacheder" (Domestic Angel, Hakibutz Hameuhad). Her volume "Selected and New Poems" (2003, Hakibutz Hameuhad and Mosad Bialik) has sold over 13,000 copies to this date. Mishol's poems have been composed by various Israeli artists including Corinne Allal, Yehudit Ravitz and Ori Leshman, and adapted into theatrical works such as"Yanshufot" (Owls, 2004). Themes According to Haim Gouri, Agi Mishol has a broad poetic spectrum: "All flora and fauna near and far, varied and colorful landscapes, love and romance, powerful eroticism, revealing and concealing, being the only child of Holocaust survivors who personally experienced the worse...It is poetry filled with rich metaphors and ongoing observation of the human condition." In his introduction to "Selected and New Poems", Prof. Dan Miron wrote: "Agi Mishol is a poet now standing at the height of her strength... Agi Mishol undoubtedly belongs to the great dynasty of female Hebrew poets – Rachel Bluwstein, Yocheved Bat-Miriam, Lea Goldberg, Dalia Rabikovitch and Yona Wallach. In his book review in The New York Times of Look There (2006), Joel Brouwer wrote: "Mishol... takes up political subjects with a sly delicacy reminiscent of the Polish poet Wislawa Szymborska's best work". According to Amos Oz, "Agi Mishol's poems know how to tell a tale, to sing a song and also dance – all at one and the same time. I love the splendid surprises in them, the subtle and exact sadness, and the mysterious manner by which she makes this sadness overflow with hidden joy." In 2006 Naomi Shihab Nye wrote: "Agi Mishol's poems feel perfectly weighted. Her mix of honest empathy and care and elegant wit is deeply touching and enlivening." Awards and Recognition In March 2019 Mishol won the Zbigniew Herbert International Literary Award. In 2018 Mishol won the Newman Prize for life Achievement in the field of literature. In 2018 Mishol received a (third) honorary doctorate, from Bar Ilan University, "for her lyrical poetry, which reveals the story of Israel and its people from her personal perspective as the child of Holocaust survivors". In 2017 Mishol's personal literary archive was deposited in the National Library of Israel. In 2016, Mishol received a (second) PHD Honoris Causa from the Weizmann Institute of Science. According to Weizmann Institute's website, "Her writing forges a rare balance between literal and poetic precision and accessibility to the readers, combining everyday language and slang with inventive linguistics. Infused with irony and humor, hers are very personal poems, which, at the same time, provide extensive human insight.". In 2014 Mishol received the Italian Lericipea award, previously awarded to Seamus Heaney, Adunis, Yevgeny Yevtushenko and other international poets. In 2014 Mishol was awarded an honorary doctorate (Doctor Philosophiae Honoris Causa) by Tel Aviv University, "in recognition of her standing as one of Israel's most prominent and best-loved poets [and] her immense contribution to enriching Israeli culture". In 2007 Mishol received the Dolitsky prize for literature. In 2002 Mishol received the Yehuda Amichai Prize. In 2000 Mishol won the Kugel literary award. In 1995 Mishol won the Israeli Prime Minister Prize. Published works in Hebrew Domestic Angel, Mossad Bialik & Hakibbutz Hameuchad, 2015 [Mal'ach Hacheder] Awake, Hakibbutz Hameuhad, 2013 [Era] Working Order, Hakibbutz Hameuhad, 2011 [Sidur Avoda] House Call, Hakibbutz Hameuhad, 2009 [Bikur Bait] Things Happen, Hakibbutz Hameuhad & Mossad Bialik, 2005 [Korim Dvarim] Moment, Hakibbutz Hameuchad, 2005 Selected and New Poems, Mossad Bialik & Hakibbutz Hameuchad, 2003 [Mivchar Ve-Chadashim] Wax Flower, Even Hoshen, 2002 [Nerot Netz Ha-Chalav] Dream Notebook, Even Hoshen, 2000 [Machberet Ha-Chalomot] Look There, Helikon-Tag, 1999 [Re'eh Sham] See (edited by Nathan Zach), Helikon-Tag, 1997 [Hineh] The Interior Plain, Hakibbutz Hameuchad, 1995 [Ha-Shfela Ha-Pnimit] Fax Pigeon, Hakibbutz Hameuchad, 1991 [Yonat Faximilia] Plantation Notes, Keter, 19877 [Yoman Mata] Gallop, Hakibbutz Hameuchad, 1980 [Gallop] A Cat's Scratch, Hakibbutz Hameuchad, 1978 [Srita Shel Hatul] Nanny and Both of Us, Ekked, 1972 [Nanny Ve-Shneinu] I Caught a Moment, Golan, 1967 [Kodem Tafasti Rega] Translations Čipka na železu, (translated by Klemen Jelinčič Boeta), Beletrina, 2018 Ricami su ferro (translated by Anna Linda Callow & Kozimo Coen), Giuntina, 2017, Less Like a Dove (translated by Joanna Chen), Shearsman Books, 2016, Ropa Tendida (Agui Mishol), Poesía Mayor/leviatán, 2013, Fraza magazine, 2011, Interview and translations to Polish The ECCO Anthology of International Poetry, edited by Ilya Kaminsky and Susan Harris, 2010, ECCO Journal du verger (translated by Emmanuel Moses & Esther Orner), Caractères, 2008, Şeherezada (translated by Riri Sylvia Manor & Ioana Ieronim), Institutul Cultural Român, 2008, Look There: New and Selected Poems of Agi Mishol (translated by Lisa Katz), Graywolf Press, 2006, The Swimmers, Poetry Ireland and the Tyrone Guthrie Centre, 1998, The Modern Hebrew Poem Itself Mishol's poems have been translated to several languages and appear in dedicated volumes as well as in anthologies in English, Spanish, French, German, Italian, Russian, Polish, Chinese and other languages. References External links Profile by Poetry International Rotterdam Agi Mishol: Čipka na železu - Review and profile in Slovanian Israeli poet Agi Mishol avoids rallying for political causes, Al-Monitor Poet Agi Mishol is surprised she became hot stuff, Haaretz Agi Mishol drifts towards an Archimedes moment by Vivian Eden, Haaretz Music From Her Own Mind, A review of Agi Mishol's work Interview with Agi Mishol Hononrary Doctorate by Tel Aviv University – full text Előbb van a zene, aztán a hangszerek” interview with Agi Mishol by Szánto Gábor, "Szombat", 3 july 2008 (Hungarian) Category:1946 births Category:Living people Category:People from Cehu Silvaniei Category:Israeli poets Category:Israeli women poets Category:Children of Holocaust survivors Category:Ben-Gurion University of the Negev alumni Category:Israeli Jews Category:Israeli people of Hungarian-Jewish descent Category:Israeli people of Romanian-Jewish descent Category:Hungarian emigrants to Israel Category:Romanian emigrants to Israel

Ischemic optic neuropathy Ischemic optic neuropathy (ION) is the loss of structure and function of a portion of the optic nerve due to obstruction of blood flow to the nerve (i.e. ischemia). Ischemic forms of optic neuropathy are typically classified as either anterior ischemic optic neuropathy or posterior ischemic optic neuropathy according to the part of the optic nerve that is affected. People affected will often complain of a loss of visual acuity and a visual field, the latter of which is usually in the superior or inferior field. When ION occurs in patients below the age of 50 years old, other causes should be considered. Such as juvenile diabetes mellitus, antiphospholipid antibody-associated clotting disorders, collagen-vascular disease, and migraines. Rarely, complications of intraocular surgery or acute blood loss may cause an ischemic event in the optic nerve. Presentation Anterior ION presents with sudden, painless visual loss developing over hours to days. Diagnosis Examination findings usually include decreased visual acuity, a visual field defect, color vision loss, a relative afferent pupillary defect, and a swollen optic nerve head. Posterior ION occurs arteritic, nonarteritic, and surgical settings. It is characterized by acute vision loss without initial disc edema, but with subsequent optic disc atrophy. Management Although there is no recognized treatment that can reverse the visual loss. Upon recent reports, optic nerve health decompression may be beneficial for a select group of patients with a gradual decline in vision due to ION. See also Ocular ischemic syndrome References Dictionary of Eye Terminology, Triad Publishing Company, 1990. Category:Disorders of optic nerve and visual pathways

A18 A18 or A-18 is a three-character acronym that may refer to: A18 road (disambiguation), in several countries A-18 Shrike, a Curtiss Model 76A twin radial engine monoplane service test aircraft of the mid-1930s Aero A.18, a Czech fighter aircraft built in the 1920s Arrows A18, a Formula One car British NVC community A18 (Ranunculus fluitans community), a plant community Cunninghamella A18, a fungus strain A18, one of the Encyclopaedia of Chess Openings codes for the English Opening in chess Subfamily A18, a rhodopsin-like receptors subfamily F/A-18 Hornet, an all-weather carrier-based strike fighter designed to fill the roles of fighter aircraft and attack aircraft

Herva Nelli Herva Nelli (January 9, 1909May 31, 1994) was an Italian-American operatic soprano. Biography Named after the French socialist Gustave Hervé, she was born in Florence, where she attended a convent school. At the age of ten, however, she and her family left Italy for the United States, settling in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, where she later studied at the Pittsburgh Music Institute. In 1937, the soprano made her operatic debut with Brooklyn's Salmaggi Opera, as Santuzza in Mascagni's Cavalleria rusticana. In ensuing seasons, she gained experience with that ensemble, presenting roles that would form the core of her repertoire, including Leonora in Verdi's La forza del destino (with Sydney Rayner as Don Alvaro, 1943) and another Leonora in Verdi's Il trovatore. She also sang the title roles of Bellini's Norma, Verdi's Aida (with Bernardo de Muro at the end of his career, 1944), and Ponchielli's La Gioconda. In 1947, she made her New York City Opera debut, as Santuzza, conducted by Julius Rudel. Also in 1947, Nelli successfully auditioned for the conductor Arturo Toscanini (following the recommendation of Licia Albanese), and sang the part of Desdemona in the NBC Symphony Orchestra's concert version of Verdi's Otello, opposite Ramón Vinay. This led to the famous series of broadcasts of other Verdi works, which were later issued on records by RCA Victor: Aida (1949, which was televised as well), Mrs Alice Ford in Falstaff (with Giuseppe Valdengo, 1950), the Requiem (with Fedora Barbieri, Giuseppe Di Stefano, and Cesare Siepi, 1951), and Amelia in Un ballo in maschera (with Jan Peerce and Robert Merrill, 1954), which were Toscanini's final operatic performances. When Toscanini died three years later, he left his protégée his baton in his will. In 1948, Nelli sang in Genoa (La Gioconda, conducted by Tullio Serafin) and at the Teatro alla Scala. At the latter theatre, she participated in the Boito Memorial Concert (excerpts from Mefistofele and Nerone, conducted by Toscanini) and starred in performances of Aida (with Mirto Picchi and Elena Nicolai, conducted by Antonino Votto). From 1949, the glamorous dramatic soprano performed with the New Orleans Opera Association: Aida (with the young Norman Treigle as the King of Egypt), Otello (1954), Aida again (1955), and Il trovatore (with Leonard Warren, directed by Armando Agnini, 1958). She was also often heard in Philadelphia (from 1946 to 1959), in Aïda, La Gioconda (with Ebe Stignani), Cavalleria rusticana, Norma, Il trovatore (with Enzo Mascherini), Otello, La forza del destino, Puccini's Tosca (conducted by Eugene Ormandy), and Un ballo in maschera. In 1951, Nelli reappeared with the New York City Opera, in Cavalleria rusticana again, as well as Aida; the next year, she portrayed Maddalena de Coigny in Giordano's Andrea Chénier (in Theodore Komisarjevsky's production). With the San Francisco Opera, in 1951 and 1952, the soprano sang in Otello, La forza del destino (with Robert Weede), Aida (with Mario Del Monaco), Cavalleria rusticana, Il trovatore, and La bohème (this last on tour to Los Angeles); in 1957, she returned for Un ballo in maschera. With the Baltimore Civic Opera in 1952, she debuted in Aida; in the 1954-55 season, she sang there in Il trovatore. In 1953, Nelli debuted at the Metropolitan Opera, with which she appeared until 1961. She was seen in Aida (conducted by Renato Cellini), La forza del destino, Il trovatore, Cavalleria rusticana, Andrea Chénier, Un ballo in maschera (with Marian Anderson, conducted by Dimitri Mitropoulos) and Mozart's Don Giovanni (as Donna Anna, her only Mozart role). With the Met, she toured to Boston, Philadelphia, Cleveland, Atlanta, Dallas, Toronto and Minneapolis. The soprano appeared in Mexico City, at the Palacio de Bellas Artes, in 1953, starring in Il trovatore and Norma. Herva Nelli was also heard at the Cincinnati Opera many times between 1953 and 1956: Aida, La traviata (as Violetta Valéry, opposite John Alexander, and conducted by Anton Coppola), Andrea Chénier, Un ballo in maschera and Puccini's Madama Butterfly (as Cio-Cio-San, conducted by Nicola Rescigno). The soprano was also seen with the Pittsburgh Opera (Un ballo in maschera, 1955), San Francisco's Cosmopolitan Opera (Il trovatore, 1956), Lyric Opera of Chicago (Il trovatore, with Jussi Björling and Ettore Bastianini, 1956), Tulsa Opera (Aida, 1956) and Opera Guild of Miami (Un ballo in maschera, with Richard Tucker, 1959). Upon her 1951 return to the City Opera, Howard Taubman wrote of her in The New York Times: "Mme Nelli's voice is of grand size and range, and when she has it under control it has quality and character. Her pianissimo singing can be lovely, indeed. But she has a tendency to force and drive her tone until it loses its natural beauty." On September 22, 1956, La Nelli created the role of Bethsheba in the American premiere of Darius Milhaud's David, co-starring Harve Presnell, Mack Harrell, and Giorgio Tozzi, conducted by Izler Solomon, and staged by Harry Horner. It was performed at the Hollywood Bowl, as presented by the Festival of Faith and Freedom Committee of the American Association for Jewish Education. At the Teatro Colón, in 1958, she was the soprano soloist for Beethoven's Ninth Symphony, conducted by Juan José Castro. In 1960, the soprano sang Aida with the New York Opera Festival touring to Washington, DC. Among the orchestras with which she sang the Verdi Requiem were the New York Philharmonic (conducted by Guido Cantelli, 1955) and the New Orleans Philharmonic-Symphony Orchestra (1955). The prima donna toured to Colombia, Puerto Rico, Cuba, Mexico and Madeira. Nelli gave her farewell in April 1962, with the Brooklyn Opera Company, at the Academy of Music, in Norma, conducted by Carlo Moresco. In retirement, she acquired a particular reputation as a chef. In 1985, she appeared in an interview in the documentary "Toscanini: The Maestro," which was telecast over PBS in 1988. On May 31, 1994, the soprano succumbed to leukemia at the age of eighty-five, at the Sharon Country Manor, in Connecticut. She was buried in the South Dover Rural Cemetery, in Wingdale, New York. In 2005, reviewing the DVD release of the Concert Version of Aida, Ira Siff, in Opera News, noted that "there is a sense of occasion here, as the eighty-two-year-old Toscanini … unleashes a performance of immense power. Herva Nelli may not possess a voice of distinctive beauty, but she is committed to the drama and lives every moment through the music. Both of Aida's big arias are handled with care and conviction, the 'O patria mia' particularly nuanced and convincing. Yes, one could wish for a longer, more dolce high C, but her reading of the aria is mesmerizing…." References Bibliography Opera Stars in the Sun, by Mary Jane Matz, Farrar, Straus & Cudahy, 1955. "Soloist with Toscanini," from an interview with Herva Nelli, secured by Gunnar Asklund, Etude, April 1955. The Metropolitan Opera Encyclopedia, edited by David Hamilton, Simon & Schuster, 1987. "Herva Nelli, the Toscanini Soprano," unpublished essay by Brian Morgan, 2004/06. External links Herva Nelli in Aïda (1949). The Herva Nelli Appreciation Society. The Essential Herva Nelli . Category:1909 births Category:1994 deaths Category:American operatic sopranos Category:Italian emigrants to the United States Category:People from Florence Category:Musicians from Pittsburgh Category:Deaths from leukemia Category:Deaths from cancer in Connecticut Category:20th-century American opera singers Category:20th-century women opera singers Category:Singers from Pennsylvania Category:20th-century American women singers Category:Classical musicians from Pennsylvania

Newman Institute (Uppsala) The Newman Institute for Catholic Studies is a university college offering courses in theology, philosophy, and cultural studies. The Institute was inspired by the English philosopher, writer and cardinal John Henry Newman (1801–1890), and was founded in 2001. It is located in Uppsala and is run by the Society of Jesus; the current rector is Philip Geister SJ. In 2010, the Newman Institute was accredited by the Swedish Higher Education Authority. Education Since 2008, the Newman Institute has offered a three-year Bachelor’s degree program (180 credits), which combines theology with philosophy and cultural studies. A Higher Education Diploma in theology is also available, which comprises 120 credits. Individual courses are available to students, and are offered in a wide range of fields, including theology, philosophy, literature, art, ecclesiastical architecture, music, and film. The teaching staff at the Newman Institute consists of about 25 adjunct and full-time teachers. Courses are normally conducted in Swedish, but a few are offered in English each term, and the primary location for lectures is the Newman Building in Uppsala. Each term some courses are also offered in Stockholm, Gothenburg, and Vadstena. In 2007, the Newman Institute started providing the fundamental philosophical and theological training for the Catholic priest candidates of Sweden. The institute collaborates with many other academic institutions both in Sweden and internationally. Each term a number of individual courses are offered jointly with Uppsala University's Department of Theology or Department of Musicology. Collaboration agreements have been established with Menighetsfakultetet in Oslo (the largest theological faculty in Norway), Philosophisch-theologische Hochschule Sankt Georgen in Frankfurt, Università Pontificia Gregoriana in Rome, Boston College in the US, among others. The institute has established Erasmus Programme partnerships with theological faculties in England, Ireland, Germany, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, and Ukraine. The Newman Building In 2006, the Newman Institute acquired its main building, situated in the center of Uppsala, one block from the Catholic parish church and just a few blocks from the main buildings of Uppsala University and Uppsala Cathedral. The Newman Building is renovated and contains a library with about 5,000 titles in the areas of theology, philosophy, and cultural studies. In 2009 a new wing was added to the Newman Building to house St. Sigfrid's Seminary of the Stockholm Catholic diocese. Signum Magazine The Catholic cultural magazine Signum, edited by the Newman Institute, covers a broad spectrum of issues concerning faith, culture, research, and society. The printed version of Signum is published eight times per year. In addition, there is an up-to-date website (http://www.signum.se) containing an article archive dating from 1975 to the present. Intellectual tradition The Newman Institute is founded on the Catholic intellectual tradition and offers a characteristically Jesuit and holistic approach towards education. The aim of the Institute is to provide students with sound knowledge, which enlarges their intellectual horizons and critical faculties, and which encourages them to develop as human beings with openness and respect toward others. John Henry Newman The work of the Newman Institute is inspired by John Henry Newman, the 19th-century English convert who became a cardinal and was both a theologian and philosopher. Newman was a clear-sighted and outspoken personality in public discussions. His thought was informed by antiquity and humanism, and by the rich tradition of the Church, beginning with the Church Fathers. He recognized the importance of the interaction between history, tradition and modernity, and between theology, philosophy and culture. John Henry Newman has justly been described as one of the earliest inspirations of the Second Vatican Council, and, thereby, of the role of the modern Catholic church as a culture-shaping factor in society. References External links The Newman Institute for Catholic Studies website The Signum website The Society of Jesus in Sweden website Category:University colleges in Sweden Category:Jesuit universities and colleges Category:Seminaries and theological colleges in Sweden Category:Buildings and structures in Uppsala Category:Catholic Church in Sweden Category:Education in Uppsala Category:Educational institutions established in 2001

British Unionist Party British Unionist Party is a Scottish unionist political party founded in December 2015 as A Better Britain – Unionist Party by activists from the Better Together campaign against Scottish independence. Unlike the mainstream unionist parties, it is critical of the devolution process, which it views as a "slow road to separation". The party has a statement of principles based on the four themes of Union, constitution, industry and sovereignty. History A Better Britain – Unionist Party was formed by activists from the Better Together campaign who opposed the devolution process, and who felt that the mainstream unionist parties had abandoned unionist values in calling for more powers for the Scottish Parliament. It was launched on 31 December 2015, and one of its co-founders, Steven Gordon, conducted an interview with Andrew Neil on the BBC Daily Politics in early January. Candidates of the party have since stood in the 2016 Scottish parliamentary elections and the 2017 Scottish local elections. In October 2017, the party renamed itself as British Union & Sovereignty Party, or Union & Sovereignty for short, to highlight their twin pro-Union, pro-Brexit stance. In January 2019, the party again changed its name, this time as The British Unionist Party, in order to further highlight their British Unionist credentials. Policies Unionism The Unionist Party opposes the devolution process, and believes that the new powers granted to the Scottish Parliament on the basis of the Smith Commission go too far. It also opposes any further referendums on Scottish independence, and has called for both the British and Scottish parliaments to work together to pursue closer union. In addition to this, it proposes several pro-UK cultural policies such as flying the Union Flag from council buildings in Scotland, and reversing what it sees as the nationalist re-branding of the Scottish Government by restoring its logo to the Scottish version of the royal coat of arms as used by the Labour–Lib Dem Scottish Executive. The party also calls for the protection of UK institutions in Scotland, and has opposed the absorption of the British Transport Police into Police Scotland, and called for Trident & Faslane Naval Base to be retained at their current location on the Scottish west coast. Social Democracy The British Unionist Party has stated its opposition to the extent of cuts to public services under the Conservative government., and have specifically opposed any further cuts to the NHS, Royal Mail (before it was fully privatised), the Armed Forces and education. It opposed a universal 1p tax rise in Scotland as proposed by Labour and the Liberal Democrats, but supported calls for the reintroduction of a 50% rate for earnings in the highest income bracket. It has also called for better care for the elderly, including a rise in Winter Fuel Payment rates and a reduction in TV licence fees for those over 65. More powers for local government The party calls for greater powers for local government, and has criticised the centralising nature of the Scottish Parliament under the Scottish National Party (SNP). Notably, it has called for Police Scotland and Fire & Rescue Scotland to be abolished, and for local police, fire and rescue services to be restored. It has also criticised the tax freeze imposed on local councils by the Scottish government, and stated that local councils should have more control over their own spending. Civil liberties The British Unionist Party has been particularly critical of several pieces of SNP legislation which it regards as an infringement on civil liberties. It has criticised the Named Person Scheme as a "totalitarian state invasion into family life", and the Offensive Behaviour at Football Act for "criminalising ordinary football fans". It has called for both pieces of legislation to be scrapped. Electoral performance The party contested the 2016 Scottish parliamentary elections, standing on the regional ballot for Glasgow region. It won 2,453 votes (1.0%), failing to win a seat. References External links Category:2015 establishments in Scotland Category:Political parties established in 2015 Category:Political parties in Scotland Category:Unionism in Scotland

The Frontiersman The Frontiersman is a 1927 American Western silent film directed by Reginald Barker and written by Tom Miranda and Gordon Rigby. The film stars Tim McCoy, Claire Windsor, Tom O'Brien, Russell Simpson, Lillian Leighton and Louise Lorraine. The film was released on June 11, 1927, by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. Plot Cast Tim McCoy as John Dale Claire Windsor as Lucy Tom O'Brien as Abner Hawkins Russell Simpson as Andrew Jackson Lillian Leighton as Mrs. Andrew Jackson Louise Lorraine as Athalie Burgoyne May Foster as Mandy Chief John Big Tree as Grey Eagle Frank Hagney as White Snake Hans Joby as Col. Coffee References External links Category:1927 films Category:American films Category:English-language films Category:American Western (genre) films Category:1920s Western (genre) films Category:Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer films Category:Films directed by Reginald Barker Category:American black-and-white films Category:American silent feature films

Cogollos Cogollos is a municipality located in the province of Burgos, Castile and León, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 348 inhabitants. Category:Municipalities in the Province of Burgos Category:Populated places in the Province of Burgos

Alluaudia insignis Alluaudia insignis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae, and the only species in the genus Alluaudia. It was described by Lameere in 1893. References Category:Apomecynini Category:Beetles described in 1893

Caren Metschuck Caren Metschuck (later Caren Mahn, born 27 September 1963) is a German former swimmer and a multiple Olympic gold medalist. At the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow, she won gold medals in the 100 m butterfly, 4×100 m freestyle relay team and 4×100 m medley relay, becoming the most successful female competitor of the Summer Olympic Games that year. One year later, she won the European Championships in Split in the 100 m freestyle and triumphed again with the 4×100 m freestyle relay and the 4×100 m medley relay team. After winning a world title in the 4×100 m freestyle relay in 1982, she terminated her short career and became a school teacher. During her career she set three world records in relay events. In 1990 she was inducted into the International Swimming Hall of Fame. After German unification she worked as a swimming coach at her home club SC Empor Rostock. See also List of members of the International Swimming Hall of Fame World record progression 4 × 100 metres freestyle relay World record progression 4 × 100 metres medley relay References Category:1963 births Category:Living people Category:People from Greifswald Category:People from Bezirk Rostock Category:Female freestyle swimmers Category:Female butterfly swimmers Category:Sportspeople from Mecklenburg-Vorpommern Category:Olympic swimmers of East Germany Category:Olympic gold medalists for East Germany Category:Swimmers at the 1980 Summer Olympics Category:World record setters in swimming Category:Medalists at the 1980 Summer Olympics Category:World Aquatics Championships medalists in swimming Category:European Aquatics Championships medalists in swimming Category:Olympic silver medalists for East Germany Category:Olympic gold medalists in swimming Category:Olympic silver medalists in swimming Category:Recipients of the Patriotic Order of Merit in silver

Red Eagle Glacier Red Eagle Glacier is a glacier remnant (glacieret) in Glacier National Park in the U.S. state of Montana. The glacieret is a hanging glacier located to the southeast of Mount Logan and Logan Glacier. Between 1966 and 2005, Red Eagle Glacier lost 53 percent of its surface area and now covers less than which is below the threshold to qualify as an active glacier. Comparing images of the glacier taken in 1914 with those from 2009, indicates that the glacier has experienced extensive retreat. See also List of glaciers in the United States Glaciers in Glacier National Park (U.S.) References Category:Glaciers of Glacier County, Montana Category:Glaciers of Glacier National Park (U.S.) Category:Glaciers of Montana

Two for the Show (musical) Two for the Show is a musical revue with sketches and lyrics by Nancy Hamilton and music by Morgan Lewis. The production was conceived by John Murray Anderson. Production The musical opened on Broadway at the Booth Theatre on February 8, 1940 and closed on May 25, 1940 after 124 performances. It was produced by Gertrude Macy and Stanley Gilkey. Scenic design and costumes were made by Raoul Pène Du Bois; vocal arrangements were by Harold Cooke, with orchestrations by Hans Spialek and Don Walker. Directed by John Murray Anderson, the sketches were directed by Joshua Logan with musical staging by Robert Alton. The original cast included William Archibald, Eve Arden, Virginia Bolen, Frances Comstock, Norton Dean, Alfred Drake, Brenda Forbes, Nadine Gae, Willard Gary, Richard Haydn, Eunice Healy, Betty Hutton, Kathryn Kimber, Dean Norton, Richard Smart, Robert Smith, Tommy Wonder, and Keenan Wynn. The sketches "The Age of Innocence" and "Cookery" were written by Richard Haydn. The most notable song introduced in the show was "How High the Moon," which subsequently has been recorded by many pop and jazz artists, becoming a well-known standard. There were two other revues in this series, all conceived and directed by John Murray Anderson: One for the Money (February 4, 1939-May 27, 1939), and Three to Make Ready (March 7, 1946-December 14, 1946). Songs Act 1 Calypso Joe This 'Merry' Christmas That Terrible Tune Destry Has Ridden Again How High The Moon - Alfred Drake, Virginia Bolen, Norton Dean, Eunice Healy, Kathryn Kimber, Richard Smart, Robert Smith, Tommy Wonder That Terrible Tune That Terrible Tune A House With a Little Red Barn The All-Girl Band Act 2 Where Do You Get Your Greens? At Last It's Love Song of Spain Fool for Luck Goodnight, Mrs. Astor Critical response In his review for The New York Times, Brooks Atkinson called the successor to last year's revue a "very pleasant evening...little in size and breezily acted." He felt that Nancy Hamilton's sketches were more clever than entertaining, but were more professional than in the previous revue. He praised Richard Haydn's "limp mannerisms and gasping speech." Especially noted was "fresh and antic" Betty Hutton, "who dances like a mad sprite and sings breathlessly as though she enjoys it." References External links Two for the Show on the Internet Broadway Database One for the Money, Internet Broadway database Three to Make Ready, Internet Broadway database Category:1940 musicals Category:Broadway musicals Category:Revues

Elections in Mizoram Elections in Mizoram have been conducted since 1972 to elect members of the Mizoram Legislative Assembly and Lok Sabha. There are 40 assembly constituencies and 1 Lok Sabha constituency. Elections The elections for the Mizoram Legislative Assembly began in 1972. Lok Sabha elections The elections for the Lok Sabha held since 1971. References Category:Elections in Mizoram

Madanaiyakanahalli Madanaiyakanahalli is a village in the southern state of Karnataka, India. It is located in the Bangalore North taluk of Bangalore Urban district in Karnataka. Demographics India census, Madanaiyakanahalli had a population of 5913 with 3176 males and 2737 females. See also Bangalore Urban Districts of Karnataka References External links http://Bangalore Urban.nic.in/ Category:Villages in Bangalore Urban district

Collared kingfisher The collared kingfisher (Todiramphus chloris) is a medium-sized kingfisher belonging to the subfamily Halcyoninae, the tree kingfishers. It is also known as the white-collared kingfisher or mangrove kingfisher. It has a wide range extending from the Red Sea across southern Asia to Polynesia. A number of subspecies and subspecies groups have been split from this species including the Pacific kingfisher, the islet kingfisher, the Torresian kingfisher, the Mariana kingfisher, and the Melanesian kingfisher. Taxonomy The collared kingfisher was described by the French polymath Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon in his Histoire Naturelle des Oiseaux in 1780. The bird was also illustrated in a hand-coloured plate engraved by François-Nicolas Martinet in the Planches Enluminées D'Histoire Naturelle. This was produced under the supervision of Edme-Louis Daubenton to accompany Buffon's text. Neither the plate caption nor Buffon's description included a scientific name but in 1783 the Dutch naturalist Pieter Boddaert coined the binomial name Alcedo chloris in his catalogue of the Planches Enluminées. The type locality is the island of Buru within Indonesia. The current genus Todiramphus was introduced by the French surgeon and naturalist René Lesson in 1827. The specific epithet chloris is modern Latin for "green" or "greenish". List of subspecies There are numerous subspecies in the species’ largely coastal and insular range from the Red Sea to Polynesia: Red Sea and Arabian coasts T. c. abyssinicus (Pelzeln, 1856) – southern Red Sea coasts of Somalia and Arabia T. c. kalbaensis (Cowles, 1980) – south Arabian coast India and Indian Ocean T. c. vidali (Sharpe, 1892) – western India from Ratnagiri to Kerala. T. c. davisoni (Sharpe, 1892) – Andaman Islands T. c. occipitalis Blyth, 1846 – Nicobar Islands South East Asia T. c. humii (Sharpe, 1892) – coasts of West Bengal eastwards to Burma (including the Mergui Archipelago), the Malay Peninsula, Tioman and north-eastern Sumatra. T. c. armstrongi (Sharpe, 1892) – interior of Burma and Thailand, Indochina and eastern China T. c. laubmannianus (Grote, 1933) – Sumatra and Borneo, including intervening islands. T. c. chloropterus (Oberholser, 1919) – islands off western Sumatra T. c. azelus (Oberholser, 1919) – Enggano T. c. palmeri (Oberholser, 1919) – Java, Bali, Bawean and Kangean Islands T. c. collaris (Scopoli, 1786) – Philippines. Wallacea, New Guinea T. c. chloris (Boddaert, 1783) – Talaud and Sangihe Islands through Sulawesi to the Lesser Sundas, West Papuan Islands and north-western New Guinea Micronesia T. c. teraokai (Nagamichi Kuroda, 1915) – Palau Description The collared kingfisher is long and weighs . It varies from blue to green above while the underparts can be white or buff. There is a white collar around the neck, giving the birds its name. Some races have a white or buff stripe over the eye while others have a white spot between the eye and bill. There may be a black stripe through the eye. The large bill is black with a pale yellow base to the lower mandible. Females tend to be greener than the males. Immature birds are duller than the adults with dark scaly markings on the neck and breast. It has a variety of calls which vary geographically. The most typical call is loud, harsh and metallic and is repeated several times. Distribution and habitat It is most commonly found in coastal areas, particularly in mangrove swamps. It also inhabits farmland, open woodland, grassland and gardens. In some parts of its range, especially on islands, it can be seen further inland, ranging into forest or into mountain areas. Birds often perch conspicuously on wires, rocks or bare branches. The most subspecies that occurs furthest west in the Eurasian/African landmass is T. c. abyssinica of north-east Africa which is found in patches of mangroves in Eritrea and has also been recorded from Sudan and Somalia. Further east in Arabia is the endangered race T. c. kalbaensis with a population of 55 pairs or fewer; these are almost entirely restricted to Khor Kalba in the United Arab Emirates but breeding has also occurred recently at Khor Shinass in Oman. Further subspecies occur locally around the coasts of India and Bangladesh and on the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. In Southeast Asia and Indonesia the species is widespread and common, occurring far inland in some regions. Feeding Small crabs are the favoured food in coastal regions but a wide variety of other animals are eaten including insects, worms, snails, shrimps, frogs, lizards, small fish and sometimes other small birds as well. The bird perches almost motionless for long periods waiting for prey. When it spots something it glides down to catch it and then flies back to the perch where larger items are pounded against the branch to subdue them. Any indigestible remains are regurgitated as pellets. Reproduction The nest is a hole, either a natural tree hole or a burrow excavated by the birds themselves in a rotten tree, termite mound or earth bank. They will also occupy old woodpecker holes. Two to seven rounded whitish eggs are laid directly on the floor of the burrow with no nest material used. Both parents take part in incubating the eggs and feeding the chicks. The young birds leave the nest about 44 days after hatching. Two broods are often raised in a year. References Rob Baldwin & Colin Richardson, Mangroves: Arabian sea forests, accessed 11/04/07. Heinrich L. Bregulla (1992) Birds of Vanuatu, Anthony Nelson, Oswestry, England. C Hilary Fry, Kathie Fry & Alan Harris (1992) Kingfishers, Bee-eaters & Rollers, Christopher Helm (Publishers) Ltd., London. Graham Pizzey & Frank Knight (1997) The Graham Pizzey & Frank Knight Field Guide to the Birds of Australia, HarperCollins, London, UK. Craig Robson (2002) A Field Guide to the Birds of South-East Asia, New Holland Publishers (UK) Ltd. Further reading External links collared kingfisher Category:Birds of Asia Category:Birds of the Middle East Category:Birds of Southeast Asia Category:Birds of India Category:Least concern biota of Asia Category:Least concern biota of Oceania Category:Least concern biota of Australia collared kingfisher

East Kutai Regency East Kutai Regency () is a regency of East Kalimantan province, Indonesia. It has an area of 35,747.50 km² and a population of 253,904 at the 2010 Census. Sangatta is the capital of the regency. There are several coal mining companies with concessions around this regency, including Kaltim Prima Coal, one of the largest coal mining companies in Indonesia. The regency also contains one of the largest coal mine in Asia - the East Kutai coal mine. East Kutai is home to the world's oldest known figurative art at Lubang Jeriji Saléh. Administration East Kutai Regency is divided into 18 districts (kecamatan) , tabulated below with their 2010 Census population: References External links Category:Regencies of East Kalimantan

Peter Walls Lieutenant General George Peter Walls GLM DCD MBE (1927 – 20 July 2010) was a Rhodesian soldier. He served as the Head of the Armed Forces of Rhodesia during the Rhodesian Bush War from 1977 until his exile from the country in 1980. Early life George Peter Walls was born in Salisbury, the capital of the British self-governing colony of Southern Rhodesia in 1927. His mother was Philomena and father was George Walls, a pilot, who had seen service with the Royal Air Force in World War I. He received his initial education at Plumtree School in Southern Rhodesia. Early military career In the closing months of World War II he left Southern Rhodesia for England, where he received his initial military education at the Royal Military College, Sandhurst. He was commissioned on 16 March 1946 into the Black Watch regiment of the British Army. Return to Africa Resigning his commission in the British Army, apparently dissatisfied with a proposal to transfer him to another regiment from the Black Watch, he returned home and re-enlisted with the Rhodesian Army, first as a non-commissioned officer in the Southern Rhodesian Staff Corps, and then as an officer in the Northern Rhodesia Regiment. Malayan Emergency In 1951 Walls was promoted to the rank of Captain at the age of 24 years, and was appointed second-in-command of a reconnaissance unit that Rhodesia despatched to fight in the Malayan Emergency. On arrival in Malaya this unit was renamed "C" Squadron, Special Air Service, and Walls, proving his fighting and leadership qualities in the Malayan jungle, was promoted to the rank of Major, and appointed as the unit's Commanding Officer. On the conclusion of the victorious campaign after 2 years, Walls was awarded the M.B.E. (Military) in 1953. Rhodesia Returning home to Rhodesia, Walls continued as a career soldier, holding a succession of General Staff posts in the Rhodesian Army, and attending the British Army's Staff College in England for training as a future senior officer. In November 1964 he was promoted to lieutenant colonel and appointed to be the Commanding Officer of the 1st Battalion of the Rhodesian Light Infantry. With the advent of global decolonisation, Rhodesia came under increasing political pressure from the Colonial Office and the United Nations to introduce universal suffrage and majority rule. In response, Rhodesian prime minister Ian Smith and his cabinet issued a unilateral declaration of independence (UDI) from the United Kingdom in November 1965. During this period Brigadier Sam Putterill, Walls' commanding officer, reproached him for permitting his men to wear paper party hats at a regimental Christmas dinner printed with the words, "RLI for UDI." General Staff Officer After UDI Walls was promoted to Brigadier, and appointed to the command of the Rhodesian Army's 2nd Brigade. In the late 1960s he was appointed to the post of the Rhodesian Army's Chief of Staff, with the rank of Major-General. In 1972 he was promoted to the rank of Lieutenant General and appointed to the post of the Commander-in-Chief of the Rhodesian Army. In 1977 he was appointed as the head of Rhodesian Joint Operations Command, becoming de facto with this office the Head of the Rhodesian Armed Forces. Rhodesian Bush War As international pressure upon the Rhodesian government to admit more indigenous Africans into the country's governance increased during the late 1960s, exerted by crippling economic sanctions, guerrilla activity intensified among the Shona and the Ndebele with support from the Chinese and Soviet governments, as a part of their Cold War strategy against Western presence in Africa. This support brought in modern weapons and training for the tribal forces, and the guerrilla activity escalated through the 1970s into full-scale guerrilla warfare (known as the Rhodesian Bush War) in the Rhodesian countryside between the guerillas and the Rhodesian authorities — with Walls as the leader of the armed forces directing operations in the increasingly besieged nation. Many of these operations involved incursion raids into the neighbouring territories of Zambia, Mozambique, Tanzania, Angola and Botswana, which were covertly harbouring the guerrillas of the Zimbabwe African National Liberation Army (ZANLA) and the Zimbabwe People's Revolutionary Army (ZIPRA). In 1973, after a study as to the nature of the opponents that Rhodesia was facing, Walls summoned Ronald Reid-Daly and asked him to assemble a new army unit in response to the strategic nature of the escalating guerilla tactics of Rhodesia's adversaries. The new unit needed to combine cross-border insurgency warfare to take the fight to the enemies' bases of operation in territory under hostile governmental control (which collectively virtually encircled Rhodesia), with domestic policing counter-insurgency operations of a more traditional colonial nature, both disciplines being drawn heavily from the experiences that both Walls and Reid-Daly had learned when they had fought alongside one another in the Malayan Emergency twenty years earlier. The new unit was the Selous Scouts. In 1976 Walls oversaw the introduction of indigenous Africans into the Rhodesian Army as commissioned officers for the first time. In 1977, Walls was appointed as Rhodesia's Commander of Combined Operations, commanding the nation's military and police forces, providing him with almost 50,000 men under his orders in increasingly severe fighting. On 3 April 1977, in a sign that time was running out for Rhodesia amid economic sanctions, Walls announced that the government would launch a campaign to win the "hearts and minds" of Rhodesia's indigenous African populations to undermine support for the guerrilla campaigns. In May 1977 Walls received intelligence reports of a ZANLA force massing in the town of Mapai, in the neighbouring country of Mozambique, and he launched an attack across the border to remove the threat. At this time Walls briefed the press that the Rhodesian forces were changing tactics from "contain and hold" to "search and destroy", and adopting a military policy of "hot pursuit when necessary." On 30 May 1977 a force of around five hundred Rhodesian troops crossed the border into Mozambique engaging the enemy with support from the Rhodesian Air Force, and paratroopers conveyed in World War II-era C-47 Dakotas. At the end of the operation Walls announced that it had killed 32 guerrillas for the loss of one Rhodesian pilot in action. Mozambique's government disputed the number of casualties, stating it had shot down four Rhodesian aircraft and taken several Rhodesian prisoners of war, which the Rhodesian government denied. Walls announced a day later that the Rhodesian Army would occupy the captured area of Mozambique until it had removed nationalist guerrillas from it. Kurt Waldheim, the Secretary-General of the United Nations, condemned the incident on 1 June, and political pressure, led by the United States, prompted the Rhodesian government to order its forces out of Mozambique. In November 1977 Walls commanded another raid into Mozambique entitled Operation Dingo, inflicting heavy losses on ZANLA guerrillas quartered there. In a candid admission to the press, Walls gave an insight to the nature of the conflict that Rhodesia found itself in when he stated in an interview in September 1978 that: "There is no single day of the year when we are not operating beyond our borders." In 1977 rumours began circulating in the Rhodesian press that Walls had become deeply pessimistic about the future of Rhodesia, and that he had been quietly preparing to abandon the country and personally relocate his family into South Africa, and had covertly purchased property there for this purpose. Seeking to scotch these allegations, with the attenuation they would have to the military morale of the troops still fighting under his command, he publicly issued a denial they had any basis in truth. On 4 November 1978 Walls announced to the press that 2,000 nationalist guerrillas had been persuaded to lay down their arms (this figure has been placed by subsequent historical research at closer to no more than 50). On 12 February 1979, in an attempt to assassinate Walls, ZIPRA shot down Air Rhodesia Flight 827 with a Soviet-made SAM-7 missile. Flight 827 was a regularly scheduled flight from Kariba to Salisbury. The aircraft was a Vickers Viscount known as The Umniati, and the second civilian Viscount they had shot down. All 55 passengers and 4 crew on board were killed. But Walls and his wife had missed the flight and were aboard a second Viscount which took off 15 minutes later, and which landed unharmed at Salisbury. The Zimbabwe African People's Union leader Joshua Nkomo appeared on British domestic television laughing about this incident, declaring that Walls was responsible for the passengers' deaths because he was the "biggest military target", and this justified the action. The Rhodesian government responded to the attack by air-strikes on ZIPRA bases within the borders of Angola and Zambia. With the nation increasingly pressured by sanctions, the Rhodesian government offered an amnesty to the nationalist guerrillas operating in the field in March 1979, printing and distributing 1.5 million leaflets entitled: "TO ALL ZIPRA FORCES". The leaflets were printed with the signatures of Prime Minister Ian Smith, the ZANU founder Ndabaningi Sithole, United African National Council leader Abel Muzorewa, Chief Jeremiah Chirau, and Walls. Any who abandoned the Bush War were offered suffrage, food and medical treatment. Following this in April 1979 Walls issued an order to the Selous Scouts Regiment to train, organise, and support militants who had defected to the Rhodesian government's authority as part of Operation Favour. However this hearts and minds approach had only limited success, and the Bush War continued unabated. Following the Internal Settlement, Zimbabwe Rhodesia's government concluded a ceasefire with the Patriotic Front ahead of negotiations in London. Zimbabwe In late 1979, at a peace conference held in London, the UK, the government of Zimbabwe Rhodesia and the Patriotic Front guerrilla leaders concluded the Lancaster House Agreement, leading to elections in March 1980 with universal suffrage extended to all the country's citizens. The election was won by ZANU-PF and its leader Robert Mugabe, who became Prime Minister of the newly declared nation of Zimbabwe on its formal independence in April 1980. Amid the international community's welcome of these developments, Walls publicly announced to the press his support for the new government and national dispensation of the Zimbabwean state. This caused some surprise in military, political and diplomatic circles involved, and acrimony between himself and Rhodesia's last Prime Minister, Ian Smith (who had known Walls' father when they had served together in the Royal Air Force), who privately accused him of betrayal during the negotiations in London for the Lancaster House Agreement. In consequence of his newly found conciliatory demeanour, Walls was maintained as the Commanding Officer of the new Zimbabwe national army by the new Government to oversee the integration of the black nationalist guerrilla units into its regular armed forces. Whilst the Western press and governments praised Mugabe's early announcements of his aim of reconciliation with the white community, tensions swiftly developed on the ground. On 17 March 1980, only a few days after the election of the new government, a rumour of a coup attempt led Mugabe to confront Walls with the question: "Why are your men trying to kill me?" Walls replied: "If they were my men you would be dead." Whites continued to leave the country for South Africa, and relations between the two men continued to deteriorate. In an interview with the British Broadcasting Corporation in August 1980, Walls stated that he had requested British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher annul the March 1980 election results prior to the official announcement of the result. His request was based on the grounds that Robert Mugabe's forces had used intimidation of voters at the hustings and polling stations to win. Walls stated that there had also been multiple breaches of military aspects of the Lancaster House Agreement's terms;. He noted that the British Government had not even replied to his request. On 12 August 1980 the British Government issued a statement in response to the interview stating that Antony Duff, at that time the Deputy Governor of Salisbury, had replied to Walls in March 1980, notifying him that it would not interfere with the election. Walls also later revealed that he had raised the same concerns during the election and transfer of power in March 1980 with British Government's Foreign and Commonwealth Office officials who were overseeing the election, led by Lord Soames as Governor-General (who were more concerned that the Rhodesian military were about to stage a coup d'état to prevent the handover of power to the native African electorate), but had been told that they were not willing to annul the election process as Mugabe had in their assessment the overwhelming support of native African population anyway, and the US government would be against it. In response to the release of the interview with the BBC, the Zimbabwean Minister of Information Nathan Shamuyarira issued a statement that the new Government: "Would not be held ransom by racial misfits", and suggested that "all those Europeans who do not accept the new order should pack their bags." He also stated that the Zimbabwean government was now considering legal or administrative action against Lt. Gen. Walls for his comments in the BBC interview. On returning from a meeting in the US with President Jimmy Carter, Prime Minister Mugabe, on hearing of the interview, said: "We are certainly not going to have disloyal characters in our society." Walls returned to Zimbabwe after the interview, telling Peter Hawthorne of Time magazine: "To stay away at this time would have appeared like an admission of guilt." Subsequently, the government removed him from his military post at the head of its armed forces and passed an order essentially precluding his presence within Zimbabwe's territory. Walls left the country at the end of 1980 to live in exile in South Africa. Military awards Whilst a temporary major in the Southern Rhodesia Far East Volunteer Unit (Staff Corps) he was awarded the M.B.E. in recognition of his service in Malaya. Walls was the only recipient of the Grand Officer (Military Division) of the Rhodesian Legion of Merit. He was entitled to the post-nominal letters G.L.M. Final years Walls settled with his wife at Plettenberg Bay in the Western Cape of South Africa, where he spent the remainder of his life in obscurity away from the public eye. At the turn of the century, as Zimbabwe became an economically chaotic state, the Government began to seize the properties and farmsteads of the remaining white farming population in an atmosphere of escalating menace and violence. Paranoia also increased in the Government about perceived potential threats from the previous era to its rule becoming a focus for popular discontent; this was publicly displayed by articles appearing in state controlled press outlets circulating rumours that Walls had covertly been crossing the border into Zimbabwe from South Africa to support the Movement for Democratic Change. Obert Mpofu, ZANU-PF Party Deputy Secretary for Security stated publicly that Walls had been seen in the vicinity of the Victoria Falls. Walls subsequently denied these reports in response to press enquiries, with: "It's utter bloody rubbish, I haven't been out of the Western Cape this year, except to go to Johannesburg once. I haven't been in Zimbabwe since I left in 1980. I have no connection with any group whatsoever in Zimbabwe." During the night of 23 February 2001 a gang of black Zimbabweans attacked Walls' son, George, in Harare. Identifying themselves as Bush War veterans, they waylaid his car, demanded to know his father's whereabouts, and then proceeded to assault him, cutting his face and stabbing him in the thigh. Death Walls died in his 83rd year on 20 July 2010 at George Airport in South Africa, whilst traveling with his wife for a holiday at the Kruger National Park. His funeral was conducted on 27 July 2010 at St. Thomas' (Anglican) Church, Randburg, South Africa. Personal life Walls was survived by his wife, Eunice, and 3 daughters: Patricia, Marion, Valerie, and one son: George, from his first marriage. References Category:20th-century Anglicans Category:21st-century Anglicans Category:1927 births Category:2010 deaths Category:Black Watch officers Category:British Army personnel of World War II Category:British military personnel of the Malayan Emergency Category:Graduates of the Royal Military College, Sandhurst Category:Members of the Order of the British Empire Category:Rhodesian Anglicans Category:Rhodesian Light Infantry personnel Category:Rhodesian military leaders Category:Rhodesian military personnel of the Bush War Category:Rhodesian Special Air Service personnel Category:Southern Rhodesian military personnel of the Malayan Emergency Category:Southern Rhodesian military personnel of World War II Category:White Rhodesian people Category:Zimbabwean Anglicans Category:Zimbabwean emigrants to South Africa Category:Zimbabwean exiles Category:Zimbabwean military leaders Category:Zimbabwean people of British descent

Tephritidae The Tephritidae are one of two fly families referred to as fruit flies, the other family being the Drosophilidae. The family Tephritidae does not include the biological model organisms of the genus Drosophila (in the family Drosophilidae), which is often called the "common fruit fly". Nearly 5,000 described species of tephritid fruit fly are categorized in almost 500 genera of the Tephritidae. Description, recategorization, and genetic analyses are constantly changing the taxonomy of this family. To distinguish them from the Drosophilidae, the Tephritidae are sometimes called peacock flies, in reference to their elaborate and colorful markings. The name comes from the Greek τεφρος, tephros, meaning "ash grey". They are found in all the ecozones. Description For terms see Morphology of Diptera and Tephritidae glossary Tephritids are small to medium-sized (2.5–10 mm) flies that are often colourful, and usually with pictured wings, the subcostal vein curving forward at a right angle. The head is hemispherical and usually short. The face is vertical or retreating and the frons is broad. Ocelli and cellar bristles are present. The postvertical bristles are parallel to divergent. Two to eight pairs of frontal bristles are seen (at least one but usually several lower pairs curving inwards and at least one of the upper pairs curving backwards). In some species, the frontal bristles are inserted on a raised tubercle. Interfrontal setulae are usually absent or represented by one or two tiny setulae near the lunula. True vibrissae are absent, but several genera have strong bristles near the vibrissal angle. The wings usually have yellow, brown, or black markings or are dark-coloured with lighter markings. In a few species, the wings are clear. The costa has both a humeral and a subcostal break. The apical part of the subcostal is usually indistinct or even transparent and at about a right angle with respect to the basal part. Crossvein BM-Cu is present; the cell cup (posterior cubital cell or anal cell) is closed and nearly always narrowing to an acute angle. It is closed by a geniculated vein (CuA2). The CuA2 vein is rarely straight or convex. The tibiae lack a dorsal preapical bristle. The female has an oviscape. The larva is amphipneustic (having only the anterior and posterior pairs of spiracle). The body varies from white to yellowish or brown. The posterior end of pale-coloured species is sometimes black. The body tapers at the anterior. The two mandibles sometimes have teeth along the ventral margin. The antennomaxillary lobes at each side of the mandibles have several transverse oral ridges or short laminae directed posteriorly. The anterior spiracles (prothoracic spiracles) end bluntly and are not elongated. Each has at least three openings or up to 50 arranged transversely in one to three groups or irregularly. Each posterior spiracle (anal spiracle) lacks a clearly defined peritreme and each has three spiracular openings (in mature larvae). These are usually more or less horizontal, parallel and usually bear branched spiracular hairs in four tufts. Ecology The larvae of almost all Tephritidae are phytophagous. Females deposit eggs in living, healthy plant tissue using their telescopic ovipositors. Here, the larvae find their food upon emerging. The larvae develop in leaves, stems, flowers, seeds, fruits, and roots of the host plant, depending on the species. Some species are gall-forming. One exception to the phytophagous lifestyle is Euphranta toxoneura (Loew) whose larvae develop in galls formed by sawflies.The adults sometimes have a very short lifespan. Some live for less than a week. Some species are monophagous (feeding on only one plant species) others are polyphagous (feeding on several, usually related plant species). The behavioral ecology of tephritid fruit flies is of great interest to biologists. Some fruit flies have extensive mating rituals or territorial displays. Many are brightly colored and visually showy. Some fruit flies show Batesian mimicry, bearing the colors and markings of dangerous arthropods such as wasps or jumping spiders because it helps the fruit flies avoid predation, though the flies lack stingers. Adult tephritid fruit flies are often found on the host plant and feeding on pollen, nectar, rotting plant debris, or honeydew. Natural enemies include the Diapriidae and the Braconidae. Economic importance Tephritid fruit flies are of major economic importance in agriculture. Some have negative effects, some positive. Various species of fruit flies cause damage to fruit and other plant crops. The genus Bactrocera is of worldwide notoriety for its destructive impact on agriculture. The olive fruit fly (B. oleae), for example, feeds on only one plant: the wild or commercially cultivated olive, Olea europaea. It has the capacity to ruin 100% of an olive crop by damaging the fruit. Bactrocera dorsalis is another highly invasive pest species that damages tropical fruit, vegetable, and nut crops. Euleia heraclei is a pest of celery and parsnips. The genus Anastrepha includes several important pests, notably A. grandis, A. ludens (Mexican fruit fly), A. obliqua, and A. suspensa. Other pests are Strauzia longipennis, a pest of sunflowers and Rhagoletis mendax, a pest of blueberries. Another notorious agricultural pest is the Mediterranean fruit fly or Medfly, Ceratitis capitata, which is responsible for millions of dollars' worth in expenses by countries for control and eradication efforts, in addition to costs of damage to fruit crops. Similarly, the Queensland fruit fly (Bactrocera tyroni) is responsible for more than $28.5 million in damage to Australian fruit crops a year. This species lays eggs in a wide variety of unripe fruit hosts, causing them to rot prior to ripening. Some fruit flies are used as agents of biological control, thereby reducing the populations of pest species. Several species of the genus Urophora are used as control agents against rangeland-destroying noxious weeds such as starthistles and knapweeds, but their effectiveness is questionable. Urophora sirunaseva produces larvae that pupate within a woody gall within the flower and disrupt seed production. Chaetorellia acrolophi is an effective biocontrol agent against knapweeds Chaetorellia australis and Chaetorellia succinea, deposit eggs into the starthistle seedheads, where their larvae consume the seeds and flower ovaries. Since economically important tephritid fruit flies exist worldwide, vast networks of researchers, several international symposia, and intensive activities on various subjects extend from ecology to molecular biology (Tephritid Workers Database). Pest management techniques applied to tephritid include the use of cover sprays with conventional pesticides, however, due to deleterious impact of these pesticides, new, less impactful and more targeted pest control techniques have been used, such as toxic food baits, male annihilation technique using specific male attractant parapheromones in toxic baits or mass trapping, or even sterile insect technique as part of integrated pest management. Systematics Tephritidae is divided into several subfamilies: Blepharoneurinae (5 genera, 34 species) Dacinae (41 genera, 1066 species) Phytalmiinae (95 genera, 331 species) Tachiniscinae (8 genera, 18 species) Tephritinae (211 genera, 1859 species) Trypetinae (118 genera, 1012 species) Chaetostomella cylindrica The genera Oxyphora, Pseudorellia, and Stylia comprise 32 species, and are not included in any subfamily (incertae sedis). Identification Richard H. Foote, P. L. Blanc, Allen L. Norrbom, 1993 Handbook of the Fruit Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) of America North of Mexico Cornell University Press (Comstock Publishing). Merz, B. 1994. Diptera Tephritidae. Insecta Helvetica Fauna 10: 1-198. White, I.M. 1988. Tephritid flies. Diptera: Tephritidae. Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects 10(5a): 1-134. White I.M. & Elson-Harris M.M. 1994 Fruit Flies of Economic Significance: their Identification and Bionomics. 2nd ed. International Institute of Entomology, London. R.A.I. Drew and Meredith C Romig Tropical Fruit Flies of South-East Asia (Tephritidae: Dacinae) CABI Hendel1914. Die Gattungen der Bohrfliegen. Wein. Entomol. Ztg. 33: 73–98. Keys to World genera Out of date but still the only world monograph. Hendel, F., 1927. Trypetidae.In: Lindner, E. (Ed.). Die Fliegen der palaearktischen Region 5, 49, 1-221. Keys to Palaearctic species but now needs revision (in German). Séguy, E. (1934) Diptères: Brachycères. II. Muscidae acalypterae, Scatophagidae. Paris: Éditions Faune de France 28. virtuelle numérique Rikhter, V.A. Family Conopidae in Bei-Bienko, G. Ya, 1988 Keys to the insects of the European Part of the USSR Volume 5 (Diptera) Part 2 English edition. Keys to Palaearctic species but now needs revision. Species lists West Palaearctic including Russia Australasian/Oceanian Nearctic Japan World list Gallery References Further reading Christenson, L. D. and Foote, R.H. 1960. Biology of fruit flies, Annu. Rev. Entomol., vol. 5, pp. 171–192. Bruce A. McPheron, Gary J. Steck (Editors), 1996 Fruit fly pests : a world assessment of their biology and management International Symposium on Fruit Flies of Economic Importance (4th : 1994 : Sand Key, Florida, USA) Delray Beach, Fla. : St Lucie Press Foote R.H., Steyskal G.C. 1981 Tephritidae. in: McAlpine J.F. (Ed.), Manual of Nearctic Diptera''. Agriculture Canada, Ottawa, pp. 817–831. pdf download manual Pest Information Wiki External links General Natural Enemies of True Fruit Flies (Tephritidae), USDA Tephritidae Information from the Diptera Site Tephritid Workers Database Identification The Diptera site Comprehensive guide to identification literature with a worldwide perspective. Galleries Diptera.info images Images at BugGuide Family Tephritidae at EOL Image Gallery Control IPC-Fruit Flies webpage Pest Fruit Flies of the World Biological Control of Tephritidae Category:Insect vectors of plant pathogens Category:Brachycera families Category:Articles containing video clips Category:Taxa named by Edward Newman (entomologist)

Peinnegon (15°58'0"N 98°21'0"E) Peinnegon is a village in Kyain Seikgyi Township, Kawkareik District, in the Kayin State of Myanmar. It is located approximately 3 kilometres north-east of Kyeikdon. References External links "Peinnegon Map – Satellite Images of Peinnegon" Maplandia World Gazetteer Category:Populated places in Kayin State

Two-body Dirac equations In quantum field theory, and in the significant subfields of quantum electrodynamics (QED) and quantum chromodynamics (QCD), the two-body Dirac equations (TBDE) of constraint dynamics provide a three-dimensional yet manifestly covariant reformulation of the Bethe–Salpeter equation for two spin-1/2 particles. Such a reformulation is necessary since without it, as shown by Nakanishi, the Bethe–Salpeter equation possesses negative-norm solutions arising from the presence of an essentially relativistic degree of freedom, the relative time. These "ghost" states have spoiled the naive interpretation of the Bethe–Salpeter equation as a quantum mechanical wave equation. The two-body Dirac equations of constraint dynamics rectify this flaw. The forms of these equations can not only be derived from quantum field theory they can also be derived purely in the context of Dirac's constraint dynamics and relativistic mechanics and quantum mechanics. Their structures, unlike the more familiar two-body Dirac equation of Breit, which is a single equation, are that of two simultaneous quantum relativistic wave equations. A single two-body Dirac equation similar to the Breit equation can be derived from the TBDE. Unlike the Breit equation, it is manifestly covariant and free from the types of singularities that prevent a strictly nonperturbative treatment of the Breit equation. In applications of the TBDE to QED, the two particles interact by way of four-vector potentials derived from the field theoretic electromagnetic interactions between the two particles. In applications to QCD, the two particles interact by way of four-vector potentials and Lorentz invariant scalar interactions, derived in part from the field theoretic chromomagnetic interactions between the quarks and in part by phenomenological considerations. As with the Breit equation a sixteen-component spinor Ψ is used. Equations For QED, each equation has the same structure as the ordinary one-body Dirac equation in the presence of an external electromagnetic field, given by the 4-potential . For QCD, each equation has the same structure as the ordinary one-body Dirac equation in the presence of an external field similar to the electromagnetic field and an additional external field given by in terms of a Lorentz invariant scalar . In natural units: those two-body equations have the form. where, in coordinate space, pμ is the 4-momentum, related to the 4-gradient by (the metric used here is ) and γμ are the gamma matrices. The two-body Dirac equations (TBDE) have the property that if one of the masses becomes very large, say then the 16-component Dirac equation reduces to the 4-component one-body Dirac equation for particle one in an external potential. In SI units: where c is the speed of light and Natural units will be used below. A tilde symbol is used over the two sets of potentials to indicate that they may have additional gamma matrix dependencies not present in the one-body Dirac equation. Any coupling constants such as the electron charge are embodied in the vector potentials. Constraint dynamics and the TBDE Constraint dynamics applied to the TBDE requires a particular form of mathematical consistency: the two Dirac operators must commute with each other. This is plausible if one views the two equations as two compatible constraints on the wave function. (See the discussion below on constraint dynamics.) If the two operators did not commute, (as, e.g., with the coordinate and momentum operators ) then the constraints would not be compatible (one could not e.g., have a wave function that satisfied both and ). This mathematical consistency or compatibility leads to three important properties of the TBDE. The first is a condition that eliminates the dependence on the relative time in the center of momentum (c.m.) frame defined by . (The variable is the total energy in the c.m. frame.) Stated another way, the relative time is eliminated in a covariant way. In particular, for the two operators to commute, the scalar and four-vector potentials can depend on the relative coordinate only through its component orthogonal to in which This implies that in the c.m. frame , which has zero time component. Secondly, the mathematical consistency condition also eliminates the relative energy in the c.m. frame. It does this by imposing on each Dirac operator a structure such that in a particular combination they lead to this interaction independent form, eliminating in a covariant way the relative energy. In this expression is the relative momentum having the form for equal masses. In the c.m. frame (), the time component of the relative momentum, that is the relative energy, is thus eliminated. in the sense that . A third consequence of the mathematical consistency is that each of the world scalar and four vector potentials has a term with a fixed dependence on and in addition to the gamma matrix independent forms of and which appear in the ordinary one-body Dirac equation for scalar and vector potentials. These extra terms correspond to additional recoil spin-dependence not present in the one-body Dirac equation and vanish when one of the particles becomes very heavy (the so-called static limit). More on constraint dynamics: generalized mass shell constraints Constraint dynamics arose from the work of Dirac and Bergmann. This section shows how the elimination of relative time and energy takes place in the c.m. system for the simple system of two relativistic spinless particles. Constraint dynamics was first applied to the classical relativistic two particle system by Todorov, Kalb and Van Alstine, Komar, and Droz-Vincent. With constraint dynamics, these authors found a consistent and covariant approach to relativistic canonical Hamiltonian mechanics that also evades the Currie-Jordan-Sudarshan "No Interaction" theorem. That theorem states that without fields, one cannot have a relativistic Hamiltonian dynamics. Thus, the same covariant three-dimensional approach which allows the quantized version of constraint dynamics to remove quantum ghosts simultaneously circumvents at the classical level the C.J.S. theorem. Consider a constraint on the otherwise independent coordinate and momentum four vectors, written in the form . The symbol is called a weak equality and implies that the constraint is to be imposed only after any needed Poisson brackets are performed. In the presence of such constraints, the total Hamiltonian is obtained from the Lagrangian by adding to the Legendre Hamiltonian the sum of the constraints times an appropriate set of Lagrange multipliers . , This total Hamiltonian is traditionally called the Dirac Hamiltonian. Constraints arise naturally from parameter invariant actions of the form In the case of four vector and Lorentz scalar interactions for a single particle the Lagrangian is The canonical momentum is and by squaring leads to the generalized mass shell condition or generalized mass shell constraint Since, in this case, the Legendre Hamiltonian vanishes the Dirac Hamiltonian is simply the generalized mass constraint (with no interactions it would simply be the ordinary mass shell constraint) One then postulates that for two bodies the Dirac Hamiltonian is the sum of two such mass shell constraints, that is and that each constraint be constant in the proper time associated with Here the weak equality means that the Poisson bracket could result in terms proportional one of the constraints, the classical Poisson brackets for the relativistic two-body system being defined by To see the consequences of having each constraint be a constant of the motion, take, for example Since and and one has The simplest solution to this is which leads to (note the equality in this case is not a weak one in that no constraint need be imposed after the Poisson bracket is worked out) (see Todorov, and Wong and Crater ) with the same defined above. Quantization In addition to replacing classical dynamical variables by their quantum counterparts, quantization of the constraint mechanics takes place by replacing the constraint on the dynamical variables with a restriction on the wave function , . The first set of equations for i = 1, 2 play the role for spinless particles that the two Dirac equations play for spin-one-half particles. The classical Poisson brackets are replaced by commutators Thus and we see in this case that the constraint formalism leads to the vanishing commutator of the wave operators for the two particlein. This is the analogue of the claim stated earlier that the two Dirac operators commute with one another. Covariant elimination of the relative energy The vanishing of the above commutator ensures that the dynamics is independent of the relative time in the c.m. frame. In order to covariantly eliminate the relative energy, introduce the relative momentum defined by The above definition of the relative momentum forces the orthogonality of the total momentum and the relative momentum, , which follows from taking the scalar product of either equation with . From Eqs.() and (), this relative momentum can be written in terms of and as where are the projections of the momenta and along the direction of the total momentum . Subtracting the two constraints and , gives Thus on these states . The equation describes both the c.m. motion and the internal relative motion. To characterize the former motion, observe that since the potential depends only on the difference of the two coordinates . (This does not require that since the .) Thus, the total momentum is a constant of motion and is an eigenstate state characterized by a total momentum . In the c.m. system with the invariant center of momentum (c.m.) energy. Thus and so is also an eigenstate of c.m. energy operators for each of the two particles, . The relative momentum then satisfies , so that , , The above set of equations follow from the constraints and the definition of the relative momenta given in Eqs.() and (). If instead one chooses to define (for a more general choice see Horwitz), independent of the wave function, then and it is straight forward to show that the constraint Eq.() leads directly to in place of . This conforms with the earlier claim on the vanishing of the relative energy in the c.m. frame made in conjunction with the TBDE.\ In the second choice the c.m. value of the relative energy is not defined as zero but comes from the original generalized mass shell constraints. The above equations for the relative and constituent four-momentum are the relativistic analogues of the nonrelativistic equations , , . Covariant eigenvalue equation for internal motion Using Eqs.(),(),(), one can write in terms of and where Eq.() contains both the total momentum [through the ] and the relative momentum . Using Eq. (), one obtains the eigenvalue equation so that becomes the standard triangle function displaying exact relativistic two-body kinematics: With the above constraint Eqs.() on then where . This allows writing Eq. () in the form of an eigenvalue equation having a structure very similar to that of the ordinary three-dimensional nonrelativistic Schrödinger equation. It is a manifestly covariant equation, but at the same time its three-dimensional structure is evident. The four-vectors and have only three independent components since The similarity to the three-dimensional structure of the nonrelativistic Schrödinger equation can be made more explicit by writing the equation in the c.m. frame in which , , . Comparison of the resultant form with the time independent Schrödinger equation makes this similarity explicit. The two-body relativistic Klein–Gordon equations A plausible structure for the quasipotential can be found by observing that the one-body Klein-Gordon equation takes the form when one introduces a scalar interaction and timelike vector interaction via and . In the two-body case, separate classical and quantum field theory arguments show that when one includes world scalar and vector interactions then depends on two underlying invariant functions and through the two-body Klein-Gordon-like potential form with the same general structure, that is Those field theories further yield the c.m. energy dependent forms and ones that Tododov introduced as the relativistic reduced mass and effective particle energy for a two-body system. Similar to what happens in the nonrelativistic two-body problem, in the relativistic case we have the motion of this effective particle taking place as if it were in an external field (here generated by and ). The two kinematical variables and are related to one another by the Einstein condition If one introduces the four-vectors, including a vector interaction and scalar interaction , then the following classical minimal constraint form reproduces Notice, that the interaction in this "reduced particle" constraint depends on two invariant scalars, and , one guiding the time-like vector interaction and one the scalar interaction. Is there a set of two-body Klein-Gordon equations analogous to the two-body Dirac equations? The classical relativistic constraints analogous to the quantum two-body Dirac equations (discussed in the introduction) and that have the same structure as the above Klein-Gordon one-body form are Defining structures that display time-like vector and scalar interactions gives Imposing and using the constraint , reproduces Eqs.() provided The corresponding Klein-Gordon equations are and each, due to the constraint is equivalent to Hyperbolic versus external field form of the two-body Dirac equations For the two body system there are numerous covariant forms of interaction. The simplest way of looking at these is from the point of view of the gamma matrix structures of the corresponding interaction vertices of the single paraticle exchange diagrams. For scalar, pseudoscalar, vector, pseudovector, and tensor exchanges those matrix structures are respectively in which The form of the Two-Body Dirac equations which most readily incorporates each or any number of these intereractions in concert is the so-called hyperbolic form of the TBDE . For combined scalar and vector interactions those forms ultimately reduce to the ones given in the first set of equations of this article. Those equations are called the external field-like forms because their appearances are individually the same as those for the usual one-body Dirac equation in the presence of external vector and scalar fields. The most general hyperbolic form for compatible TBDE is where represents any invariant interaction singly or in combination. It has a matrix structure in addition to coordinate dependence. Depending on what that matrix structure is one has either scalar, pseudoscalar, vector, pseudovector, or tensor interactions. The operators and are auxiliary constraints satisfying in which the are the free Dirac operators This, in turn leads to the two compatibility conditions and provided that These compatibility conditions do not restrict the gamma matrix structure of . That matrix structure is determined by the type of vertex-vertex structure incorporated in the interaction. For the two types of invariant interactions emphasized in this article they are For general independent scalar and vector interactions The vector interaction specified by the above matrix structure for an electromagnetic-like interaction would correspond to the Feynman gauge. If one inserts Eq.() into () and brings the free Dirac operator () to the right of the matrix hyperbolic functions and uses standard gamma matrix commutators and anticommutators and one arrives at in which The (covariant) structure of these equations are analogous to those of a Dirac equation for each of the two particles, with and playing the roles that and do in the single particle Dirac equation Over and above the usual kinetic part and time-like vector and scalar potential portions, the spin-dependent modifications involving and the last set of derivative terms are two-body recoil effects absent for the one-body Dirac equation but essential for the compatibility (consistency) of the two-body equations. The connections between what are designated as the vertex invariants and the mass and energy potentials are Comparing Eq.() with the first equation of this article one finds that the spin-dependent vector interactions are Note that the first portion of the vector potentials is timelike (parallel to while the next portion is spacelike (perpendicular to . The spin-dependent scalar potentials are The parametrization for and takes advantage of the Todorov effective external potential forms (as seen in the above section on the two-body Klein Gordon equations) and at the same time displays the correct static limit form for the Pauli reduction to Schrödinger-like form. The choice for these parameterizations (as with the two-body Klein Gordon equations) is closely tied to classical or quantum field theories for separate scalar and vector interactions. This amounts to working in the Feynman gauge with the simplest relation between space- and timelike parts of the vector interaction,. The mass and energy potentials are respectively so that Applications and limitations The TBDE can be readily applied to two body systems such as positronium, muonium, hydrogen-like atoms, quarkonium, and the two-nucleon system. These applications involve two particles only and do not involve creation or annihilation of particles beyond the two. They involve only elastic processes. Because of the connection between the potentials used in the TBDE and the corresponding quantum field theory, any radiative correction to the lowest order interaction can be incorporated into those potentials. To see how this comes about, consider by contrast how one computes scattering amplitudes without quantum field theory. With no quantum field theory one must come upon potentials by classical arguments or phenomenological considerations. Once one has the potential between two particles, then one can compute the scattering amplitude from the Lippmann-Schwinger equation , in which is a Green function determined from the Schrödinger equation. Because of the similarity between the Schrödinger equation Eq. () and the relativistic constraint equation (),one can derive the same type of equation as the above , called the quasipotential equation with a very similar to that given in the Lippmann-Schwinger equation. The difference is that with the quasipotential equation, one starts with the scattering amplitudes of quantum field theory, as determined from Feynman diagrams and deduces the quasipotential Φ perturbatively. Then one can use that Φ in (), to compute energy levels of two particle systems that are implied by the field theory. Constraint dynamics provides one of many, in fact an infinite number of, different types of quasipotential equations (three-dimensional truncations of the Bethe-Salpeter equation) differing from one another by the choice of . The relatively simple solution to the problem of relative time and energy from the generalized mass shell constraint for two particles, has no simple extension, such as presented here with the variable, to either two particles in an external field or to 3 or more particles. Sazdjian has presented a recipe for this extension when the particles are confined and cannot split into clusters of a smaller number of particles with no inter-cluster interactions Lusanna has developed an approach, one that does not involve generalized mass shell constraints with no such restrictions, which extends to N bodies with or without fields. It is formulated on spacelike hypersurfaces and when restricted to the family of hyperplanes orthogonal to the total timelike momentum gives rise to a covariant intrinsic 1-time formulation (with no relative time variables) called the "rest-frame instant form" of dynamics, See also Breit equation 4-vector Dirac equation Dirac equation in the algebra of physical space Dirac operator Electromagnetism Kinetic momentum Many body problem Invariant mass Particle physics Positronium Ricci calculus Special relativity Spin Quantum entanglement Relativistic quantum mechanics References Various forms of radial equations for the Dirac two-body problem W. Królikowski (1991), Institute of theoretical physics (Warsaw, Poland) Category:Quantum field theory Category:Mathematical physics Category:Equations of physics Category:Dirac equation

Lucas Sithole Lucas Sithole (1931-1994) was a South African sculptor best known for his work in mainly indigenous woods, as well as for his sculptures in bronze, stone and other media. He was born on 15 November 1931, in Springs, Transvaal, Republic of South Africa; he died on 8 May 1994, in Pongola Transvaal, Republic of South Africa. Born of a Zulu father and a Swazi mother; he was married, had seven children. He lived in Kwa-Thema, Springs, Transvaal, until 1981, thereafter near Pongola on the Swaziland/Mozambique border. He never travelled beyond the South African borders, except to Lesotho, Namibia and Swaziland. Museums and Institutions which have his works Museum der Weltkulturen, Frankfurt a.M., Germany Evangelisches Zentrum, Berlin-Brandenburg, Germany The Haenggi Foundation Inc., Johannesburg / Basel (PELMAMA Permanent Art Collection) National Museum & Art Gallery, Gaborone, Botswana S.A. National Gallery, Cape Town Oliewenhuis Art Gallery, Bloemfontein Durban Art Gallery, Durban Johannesburg Art Gallery, Johannesburg Pretoria Art Museum, Pretoria (incl. 50% of the unfinished works at the time of Lucas' death, donated by the Estate and The Haenggi Foundation Inc.) University of South Africa (UNISA), Pretoria University of the Free State, Bloemfontein Rand Afrikaans University, Johannesburg University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg University of the North West, Mmabatho University of the North, Sovenga University of Fort Hare, Alice (incl. 50% of the unfinished works at the time of Lucas' death, donated by the Estate and The Haenggi Foundation Inc.) State Theatre, Pretoria The Rupert Family Foundation for the Arts, Stellenbosch Significant exhibitions in Europe and the United States 1965 Piccadilly Gallery, London 1968 Venice Biennale, Venice 1974 ART 5’74, Basel 1974/75 Gallery 21, Grafton Street, London 1976 Texas A&M University "Art of Black Africa" (from the Rex Grey Family Collection) 1979 Rand Afrikaans University, Johannesburg (Retrospective Exhibition) 1979 Pretoria Art Museum, Pretoria (Retrospective Exhibition) 1985/86 "Quellen und Strömungen", presented by BMW in Germany and Austria 1993 Ludwig Forum für Internationale Kunst, Aachen, Germany (Meisterwerke der Sammlung Péus) 1995 Kunstsammlung Kulturstiftung, Unterseen / Interlaken, Switzerland (Memorial Exhibition) 1997/98 Galerie Artimex Fine Arts AG., Basel 2001 "The Short Century", curated by Okwui Enwezor, exhibited at: Museum Villa Stuck, Munich, Germany; Haus der Kulturen der Welt, Berlin; Museum of Contemporary Art, Chicago 2002 P.S.1 Contemporary Art Center and The Museum of Modern Art, New York PARTICIPATION IN SELECTED EXHIBITIONS in Africa (other than South Africa): 1976 National Museum & Art Gallery, Gaborone, Botswana 1977 National Gallery of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe 1978 National Art Gallery, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe HIS OEUVRE You can view more than 480 exciting sculptures by Lucas T. SITHOLE out of some 800 recorded works by going to (a non-commercial site put up in his memory). A mini-Master Registry of many recorded works has been put up on this site, depending on suitable images being available, listed according to the following categories: the beginnings, animals and birds, elongated and other figures, heads, mother and child subjects, mythological beings, paintings and drawings, other media including panels and murals, unidentified or misnamed works and queries, an addendum for works listed since 1 January 2004, without disclosure of private ownership. Similarly, a selection of stories relating to his sculptures or explanations which Lucas gave in his inimitable way, has been added onto the appropriate pages. There are over 70 recorded works in the United States, over 40 in the United Kingdom, over 40 in Switzerland, 20 in Germany, etc. More information Lucas Sithole 1958 - 1979 by F.F. Haenggi - African Arts Magazine, UCLA James S. Coleman African Studies Center, Los Angeles ("Lucas Sithole by F.F. Haenggi", Review by John Povey: August, 1980, Vol. 13, No. 4: 26-27+85) - ISSN 0001-9933 Images of Man - Contemporary S.A. Black Art and Artists, 1992 (de Jager), pp. 120/124 - OUR ART 4 ONS KUNS, 1993 (Marilyn Martin) pp. 178–185 - Lucas Sithole 1931-1994 - Highlights 1966-1993 (F.F. Haenggi) - Full bibliography on http://www.sithole.com/Bibliography.htm 6 Educational Documentaries on Lucas SITHOLE linked on his memorial website Category:1931 births Category:1994 deaths Category:People from Springs, Gauteng Category:Zulu people Category:South African sculptors Category:South African people of Swazi descent Category:20th-century sculptors

Area codes 812 and 930 Area codes 812 and 930 serve the southern third of the state of Indiana. The area codes cover Evansville and most of its suburbs, as well as the Indiana portions of the Louisville and Cincinnati metropolitan areas. Besides Evansville, other cities in the area code are Bedford, Bloomington, Columbus, Greensburg, Jasper, Princeton, Seymour, Terre Haute, and Vincennes. The main area code, 812, was one of the original area codes introduced in 1947. Despite the presence of Evansville, Terre Haute and Bloomington, southern Indiana is not as densely populated as the rest of the state. As a result, this configuration remained in place for more than six decades, making 812 one of the few original area codes (not counting those covering an entire state) that still had its original boundaries. On July 31, 2013, it was announced that 812 would be overlaid with area code 930, the state's first overlay. The move came because 812 was expected to exhaust in 2015 due to the proliferation of cell phones and pagers, particularly in Evansville and the Louisville and Cincinnati suburbs. The supply of numbers was limited because portions of the Louisville and Cincinnati LATAs spill into the 812 territory, meaning numbers located in Louisville's 502, Cincinnati's 513 and northern Kentucky's 859 are not available for use. On March 1, 2014, a six-month permissive dialing period began, during which it was possible to complete calls within the 812 area with both seven and ten digits. Ten-digit dialing was originally planned to become mandatory in September 2014 with the first 930 numbers to become available in October. However, in August, the Indiana Utility Regulatory Commission delayed the implementation of mandatory ten-digit dialing until February 7, 2015, and the assignments of the first 930 numbers until March 7 to provide law enforcement and emergency medical services more time to update their telecommunication equipment. Until the implementation of 930, 812 had been one of the few original area codes (not counting single-state area codes) to have never been split or overlaid. Counties using 812 and 930 Partial Entirely Communities using 812 and 930 See also List of NANP area codes List of Indiana area codes References External links List of exchanges from AreaCodeDownload.com, 812 Area Code 812 812 Category:Southwestern Indiana Category:Telecommunications-related introductions in 1947 Category:1947 establishments in Indiana Category:2015 establishments in Indiana

Organisation and structure of the English Defence League Academics characterise the EDL as a social movement, and more specifically as a new social movement, and a social movement organisation. In its organisational structure, the EDL has been characterised by academic observers as a direct action or street-based protest movement. It is a pressure group rather than a political party. During fieldwork with the group, Joel Busher found that many EDL members stressed the idea that the group was not a political organisation, instead presenting it as a single-issue protest group or street movement. Busher noted that these individuals were aware of the tactical advantages of doing so, believing that in presenting itself in this manner it could avoid associations both with older far-right groups like the NF and BNP and with accusations of racism. Like several other counter-jihad groups operating in Western countries, the EDL describes itself as a human rights organisation, although this characterisation is not widely accepted among the British public. Leadership and branches Until October 2013, the EDL was based in Luton. The EDL's structure was informal and lacking in any strict hierarchy, while it also lacked any clear leadership. In its early years, the EDL was controlled by a leadership group referred to as the "team" and which were generally secretive about their operations; they often remained anonymous or used pseudonyms. As of June 2010, this group consisted of six men, including Robinson. In the summer of 2010, the EDL went through a formal restructuring to deal with Robinson's absence. The 2010 reforms included the introduction of a code of conduct which commanded members to respect and obey the leadership, to act in a unified manner, and to be aware that any comments that they made to the press would be taken as formal EDL statements. Till October 2013, the EDL was led by Robinson and Carroll as co-leaders, supported by the regional organisers of the 19 regional divisions. EDL members were expected to take an oath of allegiance to the organisation's leadership. After that duo left the group, it was reorganised around a committee leadership which was headed by a rotating chair. The EDL lacked a central regulatory structure through which to impose a uniform approach to strategy or maintain ideological purity throughout. It operated through a loose network of local divisions, each of which had a good deal of autonomy. Winlow, Hall, and Treadwell found that most members liked the group's "messy structure and imprecise goals" and did not want to be part of a highly structured organisation under firm leadership. The EDL divided into at least ninety different divisions, some of which are based on locality and others on specialist groups. These have included a women's division, Jewish division, Sikh division, Hindu division, and LGBT division. For a brief period it also had a disabled division, as well as a green division, and a soldiers' division. These groups are designed to raise the profile of a particular social group within the EDL itself and helping the organisation to draw in recruits from sectors of society that would normally avoid membership in a far-right grouping, such as ethnic minorities and LGBT people. In its early years it also formed a youth division, the English Defence Youth, which was led by Joel Titus; after Titus received a criminally-related anti-social behaviour order (CRASBO), preventing his further involvement in the EDL, the youth division became largely inactive. The local groups were organised into a series of nine areas: North West, North East, East Midlands, West Midlands, East Anglia, South West, South East, South East Central, and Greater London. From the summer of 2010 onward, each of these had its own regional organiser. The EDL was heavily reliant on these grassroots networks and the initiative of local and regional leaders. Some of the local divisions covered whole cities or counties while in other cases there could be more than one division representing a single postcode, in part due to personal disputes. Branches typically held their meeting in pubs with sympathetic owners, which are referred to as "HQs". Pilkington observed that these meetings always features alcohol consumption. Such divisional meetings were infrequent and often poorly attended. They were typically unstructured, lacking any formal agenda or the taking of minutes, and were mainly an opportunity for divisional organisers to inform members of their decisions. Sometimes guest speakers were also invited to address the audience. As well as these divisional meetings, the EDL divisions also held "meet and greet" events to attract new membership. There was no system of official membership recognised through membership cards, and no membership fees. The EDL accepted donations and local divisions sought to raise funds by selling merchandise and holding fundraising events such as barbeques. Demonstrations The EDL's primary activity have been street protests, which have regularly attracted media attention. Its demonstrations came in three forms: national demonstrations that attracted activists from across the country, local demonstrations featuring largely the local EDL division, and the flash demonstrations held without giving the authorities prior warning of the event. Members attending such flash demonstrations are only informed of the place and time of the protest several hours before it is due to take place. This tactic arose following attempts by the Home Office to ban various organised EDL demonstrations. Such protests included a picket outside of the family home of Member of the European Parliament Sajjad Karim, a Muslim, in July 2011. The EDL claims that it disavows violence, and that it wants its protests to be peaceful, blaming violence on anti-fascist counter-protesters. Despite this, many of those who attend its rallies seek the thrill of violent confrontation, describing the pleasure and adrenalin rush they receive from it as a motivating factor in their attendance at the demonstrations. Some also described violent clashes as being the best way of drawing media attention to their demonstrations and their cause. Copsey argued that EDL demonstrations sought to deliberately provoke a violent confrontation from Muslim communities, which in turn would spur the government to take forceful action against British Muslims. The use of aggressive street rallies has a longer history among the British far-right. In the 1930s, the British Union of Fascists marched through areas with high Jewish populations to intimidate and provoke them, while in the 1970s the National Front employed similar tactics in areas with large non-white communities, an approach also used in the 1980s and 1990s by the British National Party till being abandoned after 1999. In 2011, Bartlett and Littler stated their view that the EDL's largest demonstration contained between 2000 and 3000 protesters. Copsey noted that the "overwhelming majority" of attendees at EDL demonstrations are "young, white, working-class males". Although EDL demonstrations have included people of colour, in general they remain overwhelmingly white. At events, many members sought to have their photograph taken with the few Sikhs who attended, thus seeking to bolster the idea that they were not personally racist. Copsey suggested that many Sikhs who were sympathetic to the EDL were nevertheless put off from attending rallies due to an awareness that many of the EDL's white members would not be able to differentiate between Sikhs and Muslims. The events were also numerically dominated by men, with relatively few women attending. At demonstrations, speeches typically focus on the perceived threat of Islamification, but also raise issues like the dangers of political correctness and the errors of the political left. During demonstrations, the EDL have regularly been met with opposition from anti-fascist groups like Unite Against Fascism, and sometimes also from Islamic groups. The clashes between the rival groups often resulted in violence and public disorder, with the police seeking to keep the two apart. To reach national events, local EDL groups often hired coaches to transport them to their destination; en route, they often displayed EDL flags from the coach windows. The coach provided a space in which these members engaged in singing, banter, story-telling, and practical jokes. As well as being protests, these demonstrations served as social events for EDL members, helping to forge a sense of solidarity and of the EDL as "one big family". At demonstrations, many members—including those who may be too young to legally drink alcohol—consume large quantities of alcohol. Many of these events begin and/or end at a pub, which is used as a meeting place. Some members also take cocaine prior to attending demonstrations. EDL demonstrations were typified by continuous chanting with aggressive slogans aimed at Muslims. Pilkington divided these chants into three types: those which were anti-Islam, those which were patriotic in referencing an English identity, and those which were identity affirming in making specific reference to the EDL itself. Examples of the first category included "Muslim bombers off our streets", "No surrender to the Taliban", "Protect women, no to sharia", "If you wear a burqa you're a cunt", "You can stick your fucking Islam up your arse", "You can shove your fucking Allah up your arse", "Allah is a paedo", and "Allah, Allah, who the fuck is Allah?". Examples of the second category include "I'm England till I die", "We want our country back", and "Whose streets? Our streets!", while the third included the chant "E... E... EDL". When confronting counter-protesters from the UAF and other groups, EDL members often chanted "You're not English anymore". Alongside chants, the EDL often employed songs, including the UK national anthem "God Save the Queen", patriotic songs like "Keep St George in my Heart, Keep me English"—sung to the tune of the hymn "Give Me Joy in My Heart"—and the anti-Islam themed "There were Ten Muslim Bombers in the Air". At the demonstrations, EDL members often displayed the English flag of St George as well as the British Union Jack; the Israeli and LGBT Pride flags were also often in attendance. As with various older far-right street organisations like the Italian Squadristi or German Sturmabteilung, the EDL had a "street uniform" that members wore in the form of wristbands, t-shirts, and hoodies bearing the group's logo. Many members also wore masks decorated with either the EDL logo or the St George's cross. Some also wore pig face masks or masks of figures whom they wished to ridicule, such as the Salafi jihadist leader Osama bin Laden. The use of the hoodie has symbolic connections with anti-social behaviour and the stereotype of the chav; it was thus selected for its intimidating atmosphere and as a reassertion of working-class status. In wearing such a uniform, the EDL seek to construct a unified political identity. Wearing this material helps to cement individual's loyalty to the group, particularly as they are likely to experience disapproval from other members of the public while wearing it. Reflecting the place of football hooligans in the EDL, some of its male members wore expensive designer clothing to its rallies, most notably Fred Perry polo shirts, jeans or combat trousers, and Adidas trainers. A number of attendees also display EDL-themed tattoos. The police and local authorities initially allowed most EDL rallies to take place and did not often request banning orders. In October 2010, West Yorkshire Police successfully requested a government ban on the EDL holding a rally in Bradford, fearing that it would spark violent racial tensions akin to those which had taken place in 2001. In October 2010, the Home Secretary Theresa May granted Leicester Police's request to ban a planned EDL march in that city. By September 2011, over 600 arrests had been made in connection with EDL demonstrations and the policing costs were estimated to have exceeded £10 million. In some cases, the majority of those arrested during a demonstration have been from the EDL; on other instances the majority of those arrested have been from groups protesting against the EDL. After the group's August 2009 rally in Birmingham for example, in which it first reached national attention, a number of young Asian counter-protesters attacked several unrelated white youths they found in the city, leading the police to pursue the counter-protesters. Through her ethnographic fieldwork within the EDL, Pilkington found that more members felt that the group's tactics would be ineffective than deemed them effective; some even regarded them as counterproductive due to the presence of members who were drunk or who appeared idiotic by displaying the flag upside-down or placards with misspelled words. Although some EDL members expressed reservations about the violent tactics adopted by others, this was not considered sufficient to stop many of them from returning to further events. Mobilising on local issues In various cases, the EDL mobilised around localised tensions between Islamic and non-Muslim communities. These were often organised by local divisions rather than by the group's national leadership. After a group of inebriated Somali women carried out a racist assault against a white woman, Rhea Page, in Leicester in June 2010, the EDL organised a protest rally in the city, attributing the attack to the supremacist attitude cultivated by Islam among its followers. When, in the Hyde area of Greater Manchester, a man called Daniel Stringer-Prince was assaulted by Asian youths, the EDL again organised a demonstration in that area against the Stringer-Price family's wishes. The EDL blamed the attack on Muslims, although the religious background of the youths had not been ascertained by police. In April 2011, the group held demonstrations in Blackburn in response to a number of hit and run incidents where Muslim drivers had hit non-Muslims; again, the EDL disregarded requests by the victim's families not to politicise the events. In the spring of 2011, the EDL launched a nationwide campaign titled "No New Mosques", which built upon earlier campaigns against mosque construction organised by various local divisions. When a mosque was due to be built in West Bridgford, an EDL organiser for the Nottingham area, Christopher Payne, and three associates placed a severed pig's head on a pole at the site, while the slogan "No mosque here EDL Notts" was spray-painted on the adjacent pavement. In April 2010, the group amassed a demonstration of 3000 supporters in Dudley to protest the construction of a new mosque, an issue that had already attracted local opposition. Prior to the event, a cross-party group of local councillors—including members of the Labour Party, Liberal Democrats, Conservative Party, and UK Independence Party—issued a joint letter to the local press calling on the EDL to abandon its plans because of the detrimental impact they would have on community relations. Two months later, a group of EDL members occupied the roof of the abandoned building on the site of the proposed mosque, displaying a banner saying "No to the burka" and expressing intentions to play the Islamic call to prayer from there five times a day to alert locals to the noise pollution they would suffer when the mosque was built. Police swiftly removed the demonstrators. Dudley Council subsequently announced its intention to try and prevent further EDL demonstrations in the town, noting that the group's activities had cost the local council over £1 million. The EDL was aware that its demonstrations, which are often met by protests from anti-fascist groups, prove costly for local authorities. The Dudley Metropolitan Borough Council for instance stated that the EDL protest in Dudley had forced the council to spent over £1 million of tax-payers money. To deal with an EDL protest in Leicester, the Leicestershire Police Force had to put on its largest operation in 25 years, bringing in 2000 police officers to manage the demonstration. The EDL used this leverage to pressurise local councils into agreeing to some of its demands; in 2010 it issued a letter stating that any local councils that held Winter-themed festivities rather than explicitly Christmas-themed ones could "have their town/city visited by the English Defence League throughout the following year". Violence Copsey noted that "it is hard to escape the conclusion that, on the ground, the EDL is a violent organisation." In various cases, EDL demonstrators have damaged Asian-owned businesses and property; in October 2011, EDL members stormed and ransacked an Ahmadiyya Islamic bookstore in Sandwell, and in August 2011 an EDL member was convicted for vandalising a mosque. Demonstrations have also led to physical attacks on Asians themselves. Not all targets of EDL violence have been Muslim; in a July 2010 demonstration in Dudley, EDL members attacked a Hindu temple. It is unclear whether they mistook it for a mosque or whether it reflected broader racist attitudes among the demonstrators extending beyond Islamophobia. In other instances, EDL members have sought to disrupt the meetings of opponents; in September 2010 they disrupted a UAF meeting in Leicester, and later that month around twenty to thirty EDL activists attacked a meeting of the far-left Socialist Workers Party in Newcastle-upon-Tyne. In June 2011, EDL members attacked an anti-fascist concert in Yorkshire. EDL members also targeted left-wing bookshops and trade union buildings, and members have been jailed for attacking staff at office buildings which had hosted anti-EDL meetings. The EDL have also targeted demonstrators from the anti-capitalist Occupy movement; in November 2011, 179 EDL members were arrested near St Paul's Cathedral in central London for repeatedly threatening members of Occupy London. It cited its targeting of these because "Trotskyists, Communists and left‐liberals have systematically and opportunistically supported the very Islamofascists the EDL is against." Journalists that have covered EDL marches have received death threats; for instance, journalist Jason N. Parkinson from The Guardian wrote about receiving a death threat by email from an EDL organiser, as well as death threats sent to Marc Vallée, a fellow journalist. Meadowcroft and Morrow argued that the opportunities that EDL rallies offered to engage in violence attracted many football hooligans to join the organisation; the fact that participants saw themselves as engaging in violence for a cause may have given them greater personal satisfaction. These individuals may have found a decreasing number of opportunities to engage in violence at football matches themselves, due to greater use of banning orders targeting known hooligans, a more effective police presence, and increasing ticket prices that had becoming prohibitively high for those on low incomes. Treadwell and Garland interviewed EDL members who had engaged in violence both independently and at demonstrations. One described how, at a protest, he attacked an Asian counter demonstrator: "[I] hit this Paki in the face and he just looked so shocked. So I hit him again and that put him down, then we gave him a fucking good kicking." This EDL member added that he felt "proud afterwards. It made me feel like I'd made a stand." Treadwell and Garland recorded accounts from various EDL members where they had carried out acts of racist violence on occasions outside those of EDL demonstrations. They for instance described the account of an 18 year old man from a White British working-class background who was a member of a local football firm and who reported that when drunk, he and two friends came upon "a pyjama wearing Paki kid" aged about 20. Robbie and his friends attacked the Asian youth, pushing him to the floor and kicking him repeatedly in the face. When questioned why he did this, Robbie explained that "I guess I was pissed, but really, he was a Paki Muslim youth, he just deserved it". He further explaining that a group of British Asian youth had similarly physically assaulted him when he was a school pupil, with his injuries necessitating hospitalisation. Meadowcroft and Meadow thus suggested that among the EDL, "violence against the perceived enemies of England is legitimised and glorified and enhances the self-worth of the group members taking a stand against those enemies." Treadwell and Garland similarly reported that those EDL members engaging in violence repeatedly presented it as a heroic act. Online activism The EDL established a significant online presence through which it spread its ideology and sought to mobilise supporters to attend its events. The EDL had an official website, but also made heavy use of social media platforms like Facebook and YouTube through which to promote its material. In doing so, Copsey referred to the EDL as "a child of the Facebook revolution", noting that the website was "a critical forum" for the EDL in promoting its views. In making use of social media, the EDL sought to bypass the mainstream media, which it regarded as being biased against it. These social media platforms are moderated by members of the EDL hierarchy, but these moderators do not appear to remove posts by supporters which advocated hatred and violence towards Muslims while blocking users who criticise the EDL and its ideology. The use of Facebook also allowed the group to build momentum and expectancy among their members ahead of public events. The EDL gained a total of 100,000 followers on Facebook, after which the Facebook corporation shut down the group's profile on the website. Distinguishing itself from political parties, the EDL did not produce leaflets expressing any political program, nor did it print a magazine or newsletter. On the EDL News section of its website it produced articles, commentary, and information on forthcoming events and campaigns, which were then linked to throughout its social media. A study of these articles looking at those produced up to February 2012 found that, of the 117 publicly available articles, 86 discussed Islam or Muslims. Of these, 55.8% discussed extremism, 33.7% discussed terrorism, 31.4% discussed other violence, 24.4% discussed segregationary tendencies, 20.9% discussed supremacism, 20.9% discussed misogyny, and 18.6% described child grooming. The EDL also used its website as a venue through which to sell its branded merchandise, which included hoodies, t-shirts, caps, pin badges, and face masks. Following internal allegations that EDL members were taking the money from this for themselves rather than using it for the organisation, the EDL pulled merchandise from its website in September 2010. It has also sold its merchandise on the auction website eBay. The EDL has also used the internet and in particular social media to broadcast their activities, such as the placing of severed pig heads outside mosques, the burning of copies of the Qur'an, or footage from demonstrations. International and domestic links As part of the international counter-jihad movement, the EDL formed links with various ideologically similar groups internationally, particularly elsewhere in Europe and in the United States. These have included sectors of the Tea Party movement in the United States. It was affiliated with the U.S.-based Stop Islamization of America run by Pamela Geller and Robert Spencer. Geller who served as the EDL's bridge to the Tea Party movement, but later distanced herself from it, claiming that the EDL contained neo-Nazi elements. When Moore was head of the EDL's Jewish Division, she established links with a far right Jewish American group, the Jewish Task Force. In September 2010, EDL representatives joined demonstrations in New York City's Lower Manhattan to protest against the construction of the "Ground Zero Mosque", and in 2012 attended the "Stop Islamization of Nations" conference, again in New York City. In October 2010, American Tea Party activist Rabbi Nachum Shifren travelled to England to speak at a rally. In his speech, he called Muslims "dogs" and told the EDL that "history will be recorded that on this day, read by our children for eternity, one group lit the spark to liberate us from the oppressors of our two governments and the leftist, fifth column, quisling press, and that it was the EDL which started the liberation of England from evil." EDL members sometimes attended other events abroad; a small contingent travelled to Berlin in April 2010 to attend a rally in support of Geert Wilders—a right-wing populist politician who had been charged for comparing Islam to Nazism—outside the Dutch Embassy organised by the Pax Europa Citizens Movement. In June 2010 two EDL representatives attended the Counter-Jihad 2020 conference held by the anti-Muslim International Civil Liberties Alliance in Zurich. In October 2010, Robinson and other EDL members travelled to Amsterdam to protest outside Wilders' trial—although Wilders himself stated that he had no personal contact with the EDL—and it was here that Robinson announced the intention to form a "European Friendship Initiative" with the German, Dutch, and French Defence Leagues. In April 2011 Robinson and other EDL representatives attended a small rally in Lyon, France alongside the French far-right group Bloc Identitaire; various participants, including Robinson, were arrested. In June 2011, it sent representatives to a counter-jihadist conference organised by Pax Europa in Stuttgard. It has partnered with the Welsh Defence League, Scottish Defence League, and Ulster Defence League, none of which had the same success as their English counterpart. The Scottish Defence League retained secret links with the BNP, although in Scotland, it produced particularly difficult to bridge sectarian divisions between rival football firms under the same banner. Sectarianism was also a major issue for the Ulster Defence League, which decided against holding any demonstrations in Northern Ireland itself. The Welsh Defence League faced divisions between its contingent from Swansea, some of whom were former members of Combat 18, and the Casuals United-contingent from Cardiff. After a BBC Wales investigation into the group revealed that a number of its members had neo-Nazi beliefs, in 2011 it was shut down and replaced by the Welsh Casuals. The Canadian Jewish Defense League held a demonstration in support of the EDL, a move criticised by the Canadian Jewish Congress. The EDL has established links to the Danish Defence League. The latter has established 10 chapters within its first year of operation. However recent attempts to establish a presence in Denmark and the Netherlands have failed to attract support and were respectively described as "a humiliation" and as "a damp squib". The Norwegian Defence League (NDL) is a sister organisation of the EDL. There are strong connections between the two organisations, and the leadership of the EDL is also actively involved in the leadership of NDL. Members of the NDL have on several occasions travelled to England to participate in EDL protests. The English Volunteer Force is a small right-wing street protest movement based in the United Kingdom, which Joe Mulhall considers to be an English Defence League splinter group. Created by John Sheridan and Jason Lock in July 2012, the group calls for the halting of all Muslim immigration, prohibitions on the building of mosques and the sale of halal meat, the rejection of multiculturalism, and a rejection of what they term the 'Islamification' of Great Britain. The group plans to "Unite the Right". The group held its first demonstration in Birmingham in January 2013 which passed peacefully. Notes References Further reading Category:English Defence League

Medixsysteme Medixsysteme company is one of the world's manufacturers of medical equipment based in Liechtenstein. The company offers products, services and research in Medical aesthetic. Description MEDIXSYSTEME, develops sells and exports medical devices for specialized clinics in plastic surgery, aesthetic medicine and dermatology markets in 50 countries on 4 continents. Corporate history Created in 2002 in Nîmes, France, by 2 major shareholders, the company is privately held. At creation of the company several patents and trademarks have been registered. Products which are fully CE medical certified for the EU market. In other part of the world additional accreditation: such TGA approved in AUSTRALIA, ANVISA in BRASIL, CIS in RUSSIA…ETC. References External links fusfoundation TIME magazine features focused ultrasound as one of this year's 50 best inventions Cosmetic News The Voice of the Aesthetics Industry (Magazine Cosmetic) Miinews Medical Insight, Inc (Magazine The Aesthetic Guide) aestheticmedicinenews IAPAM, (International Association for Physicians in Aesthetic Medecine) Medixsysteme Official WebSite Category:Health care companies established in 2002 Category:2002 establishments in France Category:Medical technology companies of Liechtenstein

Grauer's broadbill Grauer's broadbill (Pseudocalyptomena graueri), also known as the African green broadbill, is a species of bird in the family Eurylaimidae, and is monotypic within the genus Pseudocalyptomena. Its name commemorates the German zoologist Rudolf Grauer who collected natural history specimens in the Belgian Congo. Taxonomy Baron Walter Rothschild, who described this species, considered it to be a flycatcher only superficially similar to the Asian broadbills of the genus Calyptomena, hence the name pseudo- or "false" Calyptomena. It is currently regarded as an actual broadbill, one of only a few African representatives of a primarily Asian family. Description It is bright green with a blue throat and vent and a small bill, quite unlike those of other broadbills. Adults have finely black-streaked buff crowns and narrow black eyestripes. Habitat and range It occurs in tropical moist montane forest, and is endemic to the Albertine Rift Mountains of the Democratic Republic of Congo and Uganda. In Uganda it is a rare resident at 2,100 to 2,200 metres in the Bwindi Impenetrable Forest. Density is probably less than one individual per km2. Diet Grauer's broadbill feeds on seeds and fruit, flowers and flower buds, and some invertebrates. Status This species is rare, but currently protected only in part of its range. It is threatened by deforestation and habitat degradation, particularly as its currently known distribution overlaps with areas that have seen massive human population influxes in the recent past. It has been classified as vulnerable by the IUCN. References Further reading External links BirdLife Species Factsheet. Pseudocalyptomena graueri - Animal Diversity Web Grauer's broadbill Category:Birds of Sub-Saharan Africa Grauer's broadbill Category:Taxonomy articles created by Polbot

National Institute for the Promotion of Science The National Institution for the Promotion of Science organization was established in Washington, D.C. in May, 1840, and was heir to the mantle of the earlier Columbian Institute for the Promotion of Arts and Sciences. The National Institution for the Promotion of Science was later renamed the National Institute and eventually became a part of the Smithsonian Institution. The National Institute was the initial repository for collections of artifacts brought to the US by the United States Exploring Expedition, as well as various other object accumulated by the government, such as items owned by early American politicians, patent models, and natural objects. Housed in the Patent Office Building, these were the precursor to the Smithsonian Institution collection. The cabinet was managed by a group of scientists in 1840 and others to secure control of the Smithson bequest and create a National Museum in Washington. Among those who were elected as corresponding members were such distinguished men as: Matthew Fontaine Maury 1st superintendent of the United States Naval Observatory in Washington, D.C., Jacob Whitman Bailey, professor of chemistry and mineralogy at the U.S. Military Academy at West Point; Professor Joseph Henry, of the College of New Jersey, at Princeton; Alexander Dallas Bache, president of Girard College of Orphans, Philadelphia; Denison Olmsted, professor of natural history at Yale College; Foreign scientists were also represented: Professor Charles Wheatstone of King's College, London Adolphe Quetelet, the astronomer royal of Belgium; Professor Friedrich Georg Wilhelm von Struve, director of the Russian Imperial Central Observatory near St. Petersburg. References Category:1840 establishments in Washington, D.C. Category:Smithsonian Institution

My Favorite Quintet My Favorite Quintet is a live album by American bassist, composer and bandleader Charles Mingus recorded at Guthrie Theater in Minneapolis and first released on Mingus' own Jazz Workshop label in 1966. Reception The Allmusic review by Shawn M. Haney awarded the album 3 stars and stated, "Charles Mingus shines here in proud fashion with the company of his friends to create the sound of the Charles Mingus Quintet. Sweeping, charming, vibrant, percussive -- these are just a few select adjectives used to paint a meaningful picture of this group... Some bits and pieces of the music leave the listener just short of breathless -- a record so teaming with life and spontaneity leaves tingles in one's listening soul. In over 40 minutes of quality jazz, not much is sheer brilliance, though the band's sense of adventure and enthusiasm shows throughout when the melody doesn't". Track listing All compositions by Charles Mingus except as indicated "So Long Eric" - 18:24 "Medley: She's Funny That Way/Embraceable You/I Can't Get Started/I Don't Stand a Ghost of a Chance with You/Old Portrait" (Neil Moret, Richard A. Whiting/George Gershwin, Ira Gershwin/Ira Gerswin, Vernon Duke/Victor Young, Ned Washington, Bing Crosby/Mingus) - 15:58 "Cocktails for Two (Arthur Johnston, Sam Coslow) - 8:15 Personnel Charles Mingus - bass Lonnie Hillyer - trumpet Charles McPherson - alto saxophone Jaki Byard - piano Dannie Richmond - drums References Category:1966 live albums Category:Charles Mingus live albums

Elk Lakes cabin The Elk Lakes cabin is an alpine hut located between the French and Italian Military Groups in the Canadian Rockies, set near the Continental Divide among massive cliff faces, waterfalls, lakes, craggy summits, and hanging icefalls in Elk Lakes Provincial Park, British Columbia. It is 62 km south of the Trans-Canada Highway in Kananaskis Country, Alberta and 104 km north of Sparwood, British Columbia. The area has many easy trails for hiking, while also providing access to more serious mountaineering objectives. In winter, ice climbs abound, and backcountry skiers will find great terrain with lots of powder. Overall, the terrain around the Elk Lakes cabin is quite similar to that near the Elizabeth Parker hut. The hut is maintained by the Alpine Club of Canada. History The Elk Lakes cabin was built in 1992 to house BC Parks rangers. In 2003, BC Parks issued a request for proposals for the operation of the cabin for public use. The Alpine Club of Canada (ACC) was awarded operation of the cabin as part of its extensive alpine hut system, and began operating it in the summer of 2004. The Elk Lakes cabin was a welcome addition to the ACC's hut system. It has easy access, and a wide range of hiking, skiing and climbing opportunities in the area. As of 2019, BC Parks entered into a competitive process for the operation of the cabin. The Alpine Club of Canada intends to re-bid on the contract and continue to book, operate and service the Elk Lakes Cabin, but until the contract is awarded, they are not taking bookings after April, 2020. Access From Alberta Parking for hiking, biking, skiing or snowshoeing into the Elk Lakes cabin is at the Elk Pass trailhead, near Upper Kananaskis Lake in Peter Lougheed Provincial Park. Coming from Calgary or Canmore, drive 50 km south of the Trans-Canada Highway on Alberta Highway 40. Coming from the south, drive 17 km north from Highwood Pass on Highway 40. Either way, turn left (west) onto the Kananaskis Lakes Trail, and follow the road south for 12 km to the Elk Pass trailhead. If hiking to the cabin, from the parking lot, head south on the gated gravel road right of the outhouse. Ignore several trails which leave the main trail, and follow the hiker signs 4.8 km to the Park boundaries/West Elk Pass summit. From West Elk Pass it is a 4.2 km downhill hike to the cabin. If biking, skiing or snowshoeing, follow the hiking trail for 2 km, but take the left (east) trail immediately after crossing the Fox Creek bridge. This trail ascends to the overhead powerline which leads over Elk Pass all the way to the Elk River Forest Service Road. Once at the forest service road, turn right (west) and reach the cabin in a few hundred metres. Please note that mountain biking is not allowed elsewhere in the park. In winter, the trail is trackset as far as Elk Pass. There is no avalanche hazard on or near the trail. From British Columbia From the Crowsnest Highway (British Columbia Highway 3), turn off at Sparwood and drive north on the Elk Valley Highway (British Columbia Highway 43) until you reach the community of Elkford, a distance of 35 km. From here, travel the gravel road on the west side of the Elk River. Approximately 47 km north of Elkford the road crosses the Elk River and joins the Kananaskis Power Line Road. It is 5.8;km from the crossing to the Cadorna Creek trailhead; the Elk Lakes trailhead is a further 16.1 km. The Elk Lakes Cabin is 150 m from the parking area. The drive takes approximately six hours from Calgary or 2.5 hours from Fernie. Much of it is over rough gravel or dirt roads and cars with low clearance are not recommended. Facilities The cabin consists of a kitchen area and living room with tables and a wood-burning stove. The sleeping quarters are in a loft above the main floor. The cabin sleeps up to 14 people on four-inch-thick, covered foam mattresses found on two long bunks, and one shorter one. The kitchen is supplied with dishes, cutlery, utensils, pots and pans and bake ware (including roasting pans, cookie sheets, bread pans and muffin pans). There is a full size propane oven, as well as some two-burner propane stoves for cooking. The hut is lit by several propane lights. Propane is supplied by the Alpine Club via a large outdoor tank. Heat is supplied by a wood-burning stove in the cabin. Firewood is stored in the nearby wood shed. Users are requested to replace all firewood used with cut and split wood from the pile. The hut has a good supply of tools including water buckets, axes, saws, shovels, etc. Drinking water is available 10 m to the west of the hut from a tributary of Elkan Creek. In winter, water is from snowmelt, however, the creek is often accessible even in winter. It is recommended that all water be boiled or filtered before drinking. Grey water disposal is in a ground sump next to the hut. Grey water can be drained directly down the sinks, but the strainer must be in place under the drain. Food scraps (including coffee grounds) should not be allowed to enter the grey water sump or it will become plugged. The strainer contents should be emptied periodically and packed out. The grey water sump occasionally freezes in the winter, in which case grey water (strained of food particles) should be dumped within a three-metre radius of the outhouse. For human waste, the outhouse is located 10 m east of the cabin. Garbage should not be disposed of in the outhouse. All paper garbage and food scraps should be burned, and all other garbage and unused food packed out. Requirements Sleeping bag Toilet paper Newspaper for lighting the fire Matches First aid kit 9 volt battery for the smoke detector Combination lock number for the hut door (call the ACC office to confirm before going to the hut) Reservation form from the ACC (to show the custodian) Activities Located within the western ranges of the southern Rocky Mountains, Elk Lakes Provincial Park is an easily accessible wilderness park characterized by outstanding subalpine landscapes, remnant glaciers, rugged peaks and productive lakes. The Elk Lakes area has a wide variety of hiking options. Hikers of all abilities and interests are accommodated, with trails appropriate for families with some experience in backcountry hiking. Other trails are longer, more exposed and involve some route-finding. Walkers can view the area's craggy peaks, alpine tarns, waterfalls, glaciers, alpine flowers and mountain fauna. Several mountaineering objectives and a couple of difficult scrambles can be reached from the Elk Lakes cabin. Mounts Fox, Aosta, Petain, Nivelle and Castelnau can all be summited in a moderate to long day from the cabin. There is good access to Mount Joffre from the Elk Lakes side, but a high camp is recommended if you are planning on climbing it. Guidebook information on the area is contained in the out-of-print Rocky Mountains of Canada – South, by Boles, Kruszyna and Putnam. The Elk Lakes Cabin is used for backcountry skiing in winter. It is one of the few Canadian Alpine huts that can be reached with cross country skis by reasonably advanced skiers. Those on alpine touring or telemark gear should find the trip easy. The ski touring in the area ranges from easy, flat tours to advanced ski mountaineering. The ski touring is not described in any guidebooks, so you will have to use a map and your imagination to find your own trails and slopes. The area has several high quality waterfall ice routes and at least one established mixed climb. Nearby Elk Lakes Elk River Mount Aosta Mount Castelnau Mount Fox Mount Joffre Mount Nivelle Mount Petain Petain Falls Parks Information Elk Lakes Provincial Park is a BC park, and access from the Alberta side is through Peter Lougheed Provincial Park, an Alberta park. Each park has rules about dogs, fishing, bicycles and other things. In particular, dogs are not allowed on the ski trails, nor are they allowed inside the cabin at any time. Bikes are allowed on the trail to Elk Pass (in Peter Lougheed Park) and along the power line to the cabin, but are not allowed elsewhere in Elk Lakes Park. There are several campgrounds in both parks, including one that is a kilometre from Elk Lakes cabin. The fees for the lower Elk Lake campground are $5 per person, per night, and it is first-come, first-served. For more information, see the parks references. Maps Shows access to cabin, but not the cabin itself Cabin is 1 km west of lower Elk Lake References Further reading External links Elk Lakes cabin at the Alpine Club of Canada Elk Lakes cabin at bivouac.com Weather forecasts from Environment Canada Click on BC, then scroll down to Sparwood. The weather forecasts are updated 3 times daily. Public avalanche bulletins from Avalanche Canada. The avalanche forecast is updated daily throughout the winter season. Google Earth You will find the cabin at 50° 33' 06" N - 115° 04' 40" W Category:Mountain huts in Canada Category:Elk Valley

State Mufti of Brunei The State Mufti of Brunei is the most senior and most influential Sunni Muslim Ulema (religious and legal authority) in Brunei. The holder of the position is appointed by the Sultan of Brunei. The State Mufti is the head of the all Ulema in Brunei Role The State Mufti is the most senior religious authority in the country. His main role is to give opinions (fatwas) on legal matters and on social affairs base on Islamic Koran, Hadeeth, Qiyas and Ijma' of Ulema. History The first State Mufti of Brunei was Ismail Omar Abdul Aziz from 1962 to 1965. He had been Mufti of Johore in Malaysia. In 1967, Ismail again became the Mufti of Brunei until his death. In 1994, Brunei-born Vice State Mufti Abdul Aziz Juned became the State Mufti of Brunei. References

William of Bitton William of Bitton (died 1264) was a medieval English Bishop of Bath and Wells. Life William was probably born in Bitton in Gloucestershire. He was a relative of Walter Giffard and uncle of William of Bitton II, his two successors in the office of Bishop of Bath and Wells. He was also uncle of Thomas of Bitton, precentor, archdeacon and dean of Wells, and Bishop of Exeter. William was an official of Jocelin of Wells in 1231 and was subdean of Wells in 1233. He was named Archdeacon of Wells by 7 May 1238 and held the office until he was elected bishop. During the election of his predecessor, he championed the cause of the canons of Wells, who had been excluded from the election of Roger of Salisbury in 1244. William was elected about 24 February 1248 and consecrated 14 June 1248. In 1251 he signed the proclamation of excommunication against any who did not observe the clauses of Magna Carta dealing with ecclesiastical rights. He served King Henry III of England by going to Spain in 1253 to bring back a prospective daughter-in-law for the king. In 1257, the bishops made specific reference to William's conflict with the Abbot of Glastonbury in their communications with the king. But mainly, he worked in his diocese, as he issued rules and regulations in the diocese dealing with liturgical and judicial matters for both the laity and clergy. However, he lost a long fight with the abbot of Glastonbury Roger Forde over the right of the bishop to visit and regulate the affairs of Glastonbury Abbey, and by the end of his term as bishop, the abbey was independent of the diocese in all but name. William died on 3 April 1264. He was buried in the Lady Chapel at Wells Cathedral on 8 April 1264. His tomb had disappeared by the 18th century. He should not be confused with his nephew the second William of Bitton who was also Bishop of Bath and Wells, but who died in 1274. Notes Citations References Category:Bishops of Bath and Wells Category:Archdeacons of Wells Category:1264 deaths Category:Year of birth unknown Category:13th-century Roman Catholic bishops Category:13th-century English people Category:People from Bitton

Army One Army One is the callsign of any United States Army aircraft carrying the President of the United States. From 1957 until 1976, this was usually an Army helicopter transporting the President. Prior to 1976, responsibility for helicopter transportation of the President was divided between the Army and the U.S. Marine Corps until the Marine Corps was given the sole responsibility of transporting the President by helicopter. During its presidential service, the helicopter was known either as Marine One or Army One, depending on whether Marine or Army pilots were operating the craft. The helicopter, with seats for sixteen, has a seat reserved for the president and the first lady, and single, smaller seats for the two Secret Service agents who always flew with the presidential party. Wherever the helicopter carrying a US President flies, it is met on the ground by at least one soldier in full dress uniform. An Army aircraft carrying the Vice President is designated Army Two. See also Transportation of the President of the United States References External links https://web.archive.org/web/20160906141830/https://www.nixonlibrary.gov/themuseum/helicopter.php https://web.archive.org/web/20120723163133/http://www.genetboyer.com/Book.html Category:Presidential aircraft Category:Call signs Category:United States Army aviation Category:Transportation of the President of the United States

Caroline Hunter Caroline Hunter (born September 5, 1946, in New Orleans, Louisiana) is an anti-apartheid activist. She graduated with a B.S. in chemistry in 1968 from Xavier University in Louisiana. Career Polaroid Revolutionary Worker Movement (1970–1977) After college, Hunter worked as a research bench chemist for the Polaroid Corporation in Cambridge, Massachusetts. During this period, she became the first African American woman to challenge her employer’s South African investments. In 1970, Hunter and her co-worker, future husband Ken Williams, discovered the involvement of their employer, Polaroid, in the South African apartheid system as the producer of the passbook photos used to identify black individuals in South Africa. To pressure Polaroid to divest from South Africa, Hunter and Williams created the Polaroid Revolutionary Worker Movement (PRWM). Through the PRWM, Hunter and Williams organized a boycott against the corporation. Consequently, Polaroid banned all sales to the government, including the military and police, and promised to raise wages and increase job training at its distributors. The plan did not pacify the PRWM, however, and, in 1971, Hunter testified before the United Nations advocating a boycott of Polaroid products. Polaroid proceeded to fire both Hunter and Williams. As a result of protests, a community group in Boston donated $10,000 it received from Polaroid to South African liberation movements. In 1977, it became public Polaroid film was being sold by the distributor Frank and Hirsch to the South African government for use in the "passbook" in violation of Polaroid's policy. This ended Polaroid's relationship with its distributor and all direct sales to South Africa. Subsequent career Following her involvement in the PRWM, Hunter went on to work as an educator. She was a secondary science and math teacher in Boston, Massachusetts’s public high school system, volunteering in school-community projects for at-risk youth, advocacy and support for diverse parents, and elimination of the achievement gap. This included summer and Saturday workshops. In 1998, after her husband, Ken Williams, died, she and her daughter, Lisette, founded the Ken Williams Memorial Scholarship Fund (KWMS), for which Hunter served as secretary and annual golf tournament coordinator. The KWMS Fund has awarded more than $30,000 in college scholarships to needy high school students from Cambridge and Martha’s Vineyard for outstanding social justice work and art. In 1999, she earned her Master of Education degree from Harvard University and became assistant principal of the Cambridge Rindge and Latin School. Recognition Hunter was invited to give the keynote at the Dr. Effie Jones Memorial Luncheon at the AASA National Conference on Education, at the Music City Center in Nashville, Tennessee, and received the Dr. Effie Jones Humanitarian Award from the AASA – The School Superintendents Association on February 14, 2014. She also received the 2012 Rosa Parks Memorial Award from the National Education Association for leading the effort that led to sanctions against apartheid in South Africa. The South African Partners presented the Amandla Award to Hunter in 2012, and the Massachusetts Teachers Association presented her the Louise Gaskins Lifetime Civil Rights Award in 2011. References Category:1946 births Category:Living people Category:American women educators Category:International opponents of apartheid in South Africa Category:Harvard Graduate School of Education alumni Category:Xavier University alumni

Adolf Wahrmund Adolf Wahrmund (10 June 1827 – 15 May 1913) was an Austrian-German orientalist. Biography He was born in Wiesbaden, Germany, and died in Vienna. He studied at Göttingen and Vienna. From 1853 until 1861, he was at the Hofbibliothek in Vienna. From 1871 he taught Arabic at the Orientalischen Akademie in Wien (Oriental Academy of Vienna), and was at the head of that institution from 1885 until 1897. He fathered Ludwig Wahrmund. Adolf Wahrmund was responsible for purchasing the bulk of the collection of the Austrian National Ethnographic Museum, and thus may be considered its founder. Anti-Semitism Wahrmund was a passionate anti-Semite. In ("The Law of the Nomad and Today's Jewish Dominion," 1887) he systematically compares the Jews to the Arab nomads of the Arabian deserts, on the assumption, then common, that the Jews of Europe (as well as of the rest of the world) were racial relatives of the Arab Semites, and thus alien to the "Aryan" West. Both, he suggests, aim to prosper by raiding and robbing. In one passage, he compares stock market raids by Jewish speculators to raids on desert caravans. The Jews, like the Arabs, aim at world domination, thus facing the beneficial (as Wahrmund sees it) aims of western imperialism. Wahrmund's solution is to deport Europe's Jews to areas set aside only for them. He believes that once they find themselves without others to attack, the Jews will "rip each other apart." Writings Die christliche Schule und das Judenthum ("The Christian school and the Jews," 1885) Das Gesetz des Nomadenthums (1887) Der Kulturkampf zwischen Asien und Europa ("The clash of cultures between Asia and Europe," 1887) Das Reich der Zwecke ("The realm of the tack," 1895) Handwörterbuch der neuarabischen und deutschen Sprache, 3 volumes ("Pocket Dictionary of the Arab and German Languages," 1874–1877) Praktisches Handbuch der neupersischen Sprache ("Practical Handbook of the Persian Language," 1875) Praktisches Handbuch der osmanisch-türkischen Sprache ("Practical Handbook of the Turkish Language," 1884) Also dramas and poems Notes References Category:1827 births Category:1913 deaths Category:German emigrants to the Austrian Empire Category:Austrian philologists Category:Austrian academics

1910 in philosophy 1910 in philosophy Events Publications Lucien Lévy-Bruhl, How Natives Think (1910, published in English in 1926) Births October 29 - A. J. Ayer (died 1989) Deaths References Philosophy Category:Contemporary philosophy Category:Philosophy by year

Dąbrowa Białostocka Dąbrowa Białostocka is a town in Sokółka County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, Poland. It used to be in Białystok Voivodeship (1975-1998). It is the birthplace of National Hockey League goalie Peter Sidorkiewicz. Category:Cities and towns in Podlaskie Voivodeship Category:Sokółka County Category:Trakai Voivodeship Category:Sokolsky Uyezd Category:Białystok Voivodeship (1919–1939) Category:Belastok Region