In this work, we investigate the self-assembly between Ag(I) and Au(I) centers and pyridyl donors to form hexagonal metallacycles and related linear complexes. The precipitation of hexagonal metallacycles upon assembly in chloroform/methanol mixtures results in high solid-state photo-stability. Whereas, the Ag(I) species have fast kinetics and high formation constants in acetone, this solvent interferes in the formation of the analogous Au(I) complexes. The photophysical properties of this suite of metallacycles was investigated including steady-state absorption, emission, and time-resolved lifetime measurements. All ligands and hexagons exhibited ligand-centered singlet emissions with ground-state absorption and emission perturbed upon coordination. The ligand-based fluorescent photoluminescence was affected by the heavy-atom effect when halide or metals are present, attenuating quantum yields as evidenced by increases in the experimentally measured non-radiative rate constants. The formation of group 11 metallacycles is motivated by their potential applications in mixed-matrix materials wherein metal ions can interact with substrate to facilitate separations chemistry with reduced energy requirements, in particular the isolation of ethylene and light olefins. Existing processes involve cryogenic distillation, an energy intensive and inefficient method. Coordination-driven self-assembly  precursors  , acetone, dichloromethane (DCM), ethyl acetate (EtOAc), n-hexanes, toluene, diethyl ether, petroleum ether, potassium hydroxide (KOH), sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) and potassium carbonate (K2CO3) were purchased from Fisher Scientific. N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) was purchased from Macron Fine Chemicals. Tetrahydrofuran (THF), triethylamine (NEt3), and chloroform (CHCl3) were purchased from EMD Millipore. Ethanol  was purchased from Decon Labs, Inc. Tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) (Pd(PPh3)4), and bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) chloride (Pd(PPh3)2Cl2), and 1,3-dibromobenzene were purchased from Matrix Scientific. 4-pyridinylboronic acid (pyB(OH)2) was purchased from AK Scientific. Copper (I) iodide (CuI) was purchased from Strem Chemicals. Tetrahydrothiophene (tht) was purchased from Aldrich. Silver(I) hexafluorophosphate (AgPF6) was purchased from Oakwood Chemical. Hydrogen tetrachloroaurate(III) trihydrate (HAuCl4·3H2O) was purchased from J&J Materials Inc. 4-ethynylpyridine hydrochloride and 1,3,5-tribromobenzene were purchased from Ark Pharm Inc. Deionized water was used whenever water was needed. THF was purified and dried through a Pure Process Technology free standing solvent purification system. NEt3 was purified and dried by distillation in KOH. DMF was filtered and dried using activated molecular sieves under N2 and freeze-pump-thawed with water before use for synthesis.All reagents and solvents were reagent grade and used as received without further purification unless noted. Methanol (CH1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectra were recorded on either Varian 300 or 400 MHz spectrometer. Chemical shifts (δ) are reported in parts per million (ppm) referenced using the residual protio-solvent peaks as internal standards. Coupling constants (J) are quoted in Hertz (Hz), and the following abbreviations are used to describe the signal multiplicities: s (singlet); d (doublet); t (triplet); q (quartet); m (multiplet). Fourier Transform-Ion Cyclotron Resonance (FT-ICR) mass spectra were acquired using a Bruker Daltonics SolariX 12T FT-ICR Mass Spectrometer that was calibrated with > 90% Angiotensin I purchased from Sigma Aldrich under either Electrospray Ionization (ESI) or Laser Desorption Ionization (LDI) modes. Single Crystal X-ray Diffraction (SC-XRD) Crystallography was performed using a Bruker D8 Venture diffractometer in a fixed-chi geometry, equipped with a Photon-100 CMOS area detector, Oxford Cryosystems cryostat, a molybdenum source , and a graphite monochromator. Fourier Transform Infrared Resonance (FT-IR) spectra were collected from a Perkin Elmer 1760 FT-IR spectrometer equipped with horizontal attenuated total reflectance (HATR) from 4,000 to 500 cm−1 wavenumbers (ν). The following abbreviations are used to describe signal intensities: w (weak); m (medium); s (strong). All UV-Vis absorption spectra were acquired from an Agilent Cary 8454 UV-Vis Diode Array system. Blank spectra with pure solvents were acquired before each run. All emission spectra were collected using a Horiba Scientific FluoroMax-4 Spectrofluorometer equipped with Quanta-φ Integrating light sphere with Spectralon coating for quantum yield (Φ) measurements and Delta-Hub DH-HT High Throughput Time-correlated Single Photon Counting (TCSPC) Controller and Nano-LED NL-C2 pulsed-diode controller with N-350 NanoLED Source for lifetime measurements. All solution-state absorbance and emission spectra were collected using a 10-mm rectangular quartz cuvette from Starna Cells Inc.L12 complex was self-assembled using a modified literature procedure  AgPF6 was dissolved in 80.0 mL MeOH then layered over the L1 solution. After 48 h, white needle-like crystals form. These crystals were filtered and washed with 10-mL portions of CHCl3 (3x) to afford 1.19 g (100% yield) isolated product. 1H NMR : δ (ppm) = 8.81 , 7.82 , 7.77 , 7.71 , 7.65 , 7.46 . FT-IR : 3069 (w), 2235 (w), 2187 (w), 1609 (m), 1558 (w), 1506 (w), 1470 (w), 1433 (w), 1405 (w), 1223 (w), 1152 (w), 1070 (w), 1031 (w), 991 (w), 915 (w), 881 (m), 815 (m), 775 (m), 757 (m), 743 (m), 678 (m), 663 (m), 553 (m), 531 (m).AgL2}6 hexagon, was self-assembled using a modified literature procedure  AgPF6 was dissolved in 5.0 mL MeOH then layered over the L2 solution. After 48 h, white powdered product formed which was filtered and washed with 10-mL portions of CHCl3 (3x) to afford 0.062 g (73% yield) isolated product. 1H NMR : δ (ppm) = 8.72 , 7.90 , 7.83 , 7.62 . FT-IR : 3076 (w), 2219 (w), 1613 (m), 1557 (w), 1507 (w), 1435 (m), 1338 (w), 1291 (w), 1221 (m), 1174 (w), 1162 (w), 1136 (w), 1107 (w), 1066 (w), 1028 (w), 993 (w), 964 (w), 864 (m), 821 (s), 748 (w), 736 (w), 663 (m), 573 (w), 552 (s).{AgL3}6 hexagon, was self-assembled using a modified literature procedure  AgPF6 was dissolved in 5.0 mL MeOH then layered over the L3 solution. After 48 h, white powdered product formed which was filtered and washed with 10-mL portions of CHCl3 (3x) to afford 0.096 g (100% yield) isolated product. 1H NMR : δ (ppm) = 8.74 , 7.86 , 7.74 , 7.66 , 7.63 – 7.56 . FT-IR : 3107 (w), 2203 (w), 1615 (m), 1543 (w), 1501 (w), 1431 (w), 1227 (w), 1167 (w), 1064 (w), 1025 (w), 878 (w), 821 (m), 752 (w), 733 (w), 682 (w), 556 (m), 541 (m).{AgL4}6 hexagon, was self-assembled using a modified literature procedure  AgPF6 was dissolved in 2.0 mL MeOH then layered over the L4 solution. After 48 h, white powdered product formed which was filtered and washed with 10-mL portions of CHCl3 (3x) to afford 0.052 g (92% yield) isolated product. 1H NMR : δ (ppm) = 8.76 , 8.25 , 8.00–7.87 , 7.80–7.71 . FT-IR : 3092 (w), 1618 (m), 1545 (w), 1513 (w), 1478 (w), 1431 (w), 1411 (w), 1314 (w), 1230 (w), 1069 (w), 1031 (w), 1019 (w), 873 (m), 818 (s), 791 (s), 736 (m), 695 (m), 663 (w), 637 (m), 613 (w), 555 (s).{AgL12 complex was self-assembled using a modified literature procedure  Au(tht)Cl were dissolved in 6.0 mL acetone. After 6 h, the solution was concentrated in vacuo and the collected solid was washed with 6-mL portions of CHCl3 (3x) to afford 0.007 g (20% yield) isolated product. 1H NMR : δ (ppm) = 8.84 , 7.89 , 7.80 , 7.68 , 7.50 – 7.40 . FT-IR : 3044 (w), 2918 (w), 2856 (w), 2218 (m), 2187 (w), 1943 (w), 1801 (w), 1614 (m), 1588 (m), 1558 (w), 1496 (w), 1463 (w), 1429 (w), 1404 (w), 1261 (w), 1234 (w), 1217 (w), 1158 (w), 1105 (w), 1088 (w), 1060 (w), 1038 (w), 987 (w), 906 (w), 876 (w), 836 (m), 814 (w), 789 (m), 747 (w), 713 (w), 691 (w), 680 (m), 655 (m), 565 (w), 535 (m).AuL2}6 hexagon was self-assembled using a modified literature procedure  Au(tht)Cl were dissolved in 6.0 mL CHCl3. After 24 h, the solution was concentrated in vacuo and the collected yellow solid was washed with 6-mL portions of CHCl3 (3x) to afford 0.025 g (78% yield) isolated product. 1H NMR : δ (ppm) = 8.84–8.71 , 8.09 – 7.82 . FT-IR : 3100 (w), 3044 (w), 2210 (m), 1615 (s), 1553 (w), 1496 (w), 1430 (m), 1336 (w), 1288 (w), 1211 (m), 1171 (w), 1134 (w), 1105 (w), 1063 (m), 1046 (w), 992 (w), 966 (w), 863 (m), 826 (m), 761 (w), 721 (w), 672 (m), 587 (w), 574 (m), 527 (w).{AuL3}6 hexagon was self-assembled using a modified literature procedure  Au(tht)Cl were dissolved in 6.0 mL CHCl3. After 24 h, the solution was concentrated in vacuo and the collected yellow solid was washed with 6-mL portions of CHCl3 (3x) to afford 0.026 g (89% yield) isolated product. 1H NMR : δ (ppm) = 8.76 , 8.08 – 7.70 , 7.66–7.57 . FT-IR : 3092 (w), 3029 (w), 2203 (m), 1943 (w), 1609 (s), 1529 (w), 1492 (w), 1427 (w), 1324 (w), 1213 (w), 1162 (w), 1150 (w), 1125 (w), 1093 (w), 1065 (w), 1042 (w), 991 (w), 942 (w), 902 (w), 831 (m), 792 (w), 754 (w), 729 (w), 666 (w), 569 (w), 544 (w).{AuL4}6 hexagon was self-assembled using a modified literature procedure  Au(tht)Cl were dissolved in 6.0 mL CHCl3. After 24 h, the solution was concentrated in vacuo and the collected white solid was washed with 6-mL portions of CHCl3 (3x) to afford 0.027 g (100% yield) isolated product. 1H NMR : δ (ppm) = 8.82 , 8.35 , 8.22 , 8.11 , 7.86 . FT-IR : 3060 (w), 1611 (s), 1546 (w), 1508 (w), 1472 (w), 1443 (w), 1427 (w), 1398 (m), 1340 (w), 1318 (w), 1266 (w), 1231 (m), 1186 (w), 1109 (w), 1076 (m), 1034 (w), 970 (w), 935 (w), 915 (w), 857 (w), 832 (m), 786 (s), 761 (w), 732 (m), 687 (w), 667 (w), 645 (m), 632 (w), 606 (w), 535 (s).{AuL1), 5-bromo-1,3-bis(4-ethynylpyridyl)benzene (L2), 1,3-bis(4-ethynylpyridyl)benzene (L3), and 1,3-bis(4-pyridyl)benzene (L4), were prepared as donors for self-assembly reactions. As illustrated in L1, L2, and L3 were prepared following a typical Sonogashira coupling reaction while L4 was prepared following a typical Suzuki coupling reaction. The 1H NMR spectra of L1, L2, L3, and L4 in acetone-d6 are summarized in L11H spectrum shows the pyridyl-H doublets at 8.63 and 7.49 ppm and the benzyl-H singlet at 7.78 ppm, two doublets at 7.65 and 7.60 ppm, and triplet at 7.42 ppm. The L2 spectrum shows the pyridyl-H doublets at 8.66 and 7.53 ppm and the benzyl-H singlets at 7.87 and 7.82 ppm. The L3 spectrum shows the pyridyl-H doublets at 8.65 and 7.51 ppm and the benzyl-H singlet at 7.83 ppm, doublet at 7.69 ppm, and triplet at 7.56 ppm. The L4 spectrum shows the pyridyl-H doublets at 8.68 and 7.78 ppm and the benzyl-H singlet at 8.17 ppm, doublet at 7.89 ppm, and triplet at 7.70 ppm.Four pyridyl ligands, 1-bromo-3(4-ethynylpyridyl)benzene (L1 was used to synthesize linear Ag(I) and Au(I) complexes, while L2, L3, and L4 were used to self-assemble Ag(I) and Au(I) hexagonal metallacycles. The general method used to self-assemble the complexes and hexagons is shown in L12, was prepared by layering one equivalent of AgPF6 in MeOH over two equivalents of L1 in CHCl3. This resulted in the crystallization of AgL12 after 48 h. Ag(I) hexagons, {AgL}6 where L = L2, L3, and L4, were prepared by layering one equivalent of AgPF6 in MeOH over one equivalent of L in CHCl3. The hexagons precipitated at almost quantitative yields as white powders after 48 h. The gold analogs, Au(I) hexagons, {AuL}6 where L = L2, L3, and L4, were prepared by mixing 1:1 equivalents of Au(tht)Cl and L in CHCl3. After 24 h, powdered metallacycles were isolated upon solvent removal and CHCl3 washing. In the case of the monomeric Au(I) complex, AuL12, previous attempts using pure CHCl3 or 1:1 (v/v) CHCl3/MeOH did not result in any complex formation. However, the complex was isolated at a relatively low yield by mixing 1:1 equivalents of Au(tht)Cl and L1 in acetone.N,N'-dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), which are typically used in solution-state structural analyses of Ag(I) and Ag(I) complexes proved to be unsuitable for our complexes and hexagons  and Au(I) complex and hexagons is their limited solubilities. Coordinating solvents such as acetonitrile (MeCN) and ns Laye, . In all 1H NMR peaks as well as peak integration agreements  complexes and hexagons  as well reements . In addi1H NMR spectra of {AuL2}6, {AuL3}6, and {AuL4}6. The full spectra of each Au(I) hexagon are shown in 1H NMR peaks, the peak integration agreements, and the similarity in peak splitting patterns indicate the formation of pure Au(I) hexagonal metallacycles. Although the solubility of these species is limited, our identification of NMR-suitable solvents rules out the formation of polymeric species as such coordination polymers are fully insoluble. ESI-MS (see below) further confirms the stoichiometries of self-assembly.For the Au(I) hexagons, ligand dissociation occurs when MeCN, DMSO, and acetone were used as solvents. These hexagons are insoluble in all other solvents except for nitromethane, in which we were able to observe intact Au(I) hexagons. 3 or in CHCl3 mixtures with MeOH. MeCN and DMSO competitively coordinate with the Ag(I) and Au(I) resulting in ligand dissociation. Acetone was a suitable solvent for the building blocks, as well as the final assemblies, enabling the study of complex formation. Using 1H NMR methods, we initially acquired a series of spectra for a solution containing 1:1 equivalents of Ag:L in acetone upon mixing and after 24 h (All of these complexes were synthesized in pure CHClter 24 h . We obseL in acetone to ensure complete ligand coordination. The acquired 1H NMR spectra at 0 (upon mixing), 6, 24, and 48 h were summarized in L12 complex self-assembles within 6 h then partially dissociates thereafter. In the case of both {AuL2}6 and {AuL3}6, an equilibrium was established immediately upon mixing that stays up to at least 48 h. Products of {AuL4}6 hexagon assembly crash out of solution immediately upon mixing such that we only observe uncoordinated L4 and partially dissolved products. In all cases, the initial coordination is fast; however, quantitative analyses of the NMR peaks is not straightforward using a one-step metal-ligand binding model. There are reports on the mechanism and reducing ability of acetone to form Au nanoparticles from Au(III) and Au(I)  complex and hexagons. In this case, we prepared solutions containing 1:1, 2:1, and 3:1 equivalents of Au:High-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) was used to probe the stoichiometry of our self-assemblies. We used Fourier transform-ion cyclotron mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) with electrospray ionization (ESI) for soluble complexes and hexagons, while laser desorption ionization (LDI) was used for hexagons that are unstable in acetone. ESI, as a soft ionization technique, is advantageous and popularly used in detection of intact coordination complexes and cages with high molar masses  complex and hexagons and for Au(I) complex and hexagons are shown in  complex  as well  hexagon  and + complex (− counter-ion by ESI-FT-ICR MS. The Au(I) hexagons, which are unstable is acetone were detected by LDI-FT-ICR MS. We were able to detect singly-charged intact [{AuL2}6+AuCl+K]+ hexagon (L3}6+Na]+ hexagon (L4}6+Na]+ hexagon (L}6 fragments (For the Au(I) complex and hexagons, we were able to detect the intact  cores that ionized by the loss of counterions.Silver(I) and gold(I) mononuclear complexes and hexagonal rings were self-assembled from AgPFLonger-term photostability of all complexes and hexagons in the solid-state were confirmed by FT-IR. Significant peak shifts to higher wavenumbers were observed upon coordination of the ligands to either Ag(I) or Au(I). No changes to the spectra were observed after storing the compounds at ambient conditions under room light for one week.L3 and L4 were the most and least emissive ligands, respectively. In the solid-state, all complexes and hexagons have diminished emission except for {AgL2}6, {AgL4}6, and {AuL4}6 wherein aggregation-induced emission was observed. In the solution-state, all ligands and hexagons exhibited ligand-centered singlet emissions while AgL12 and AuL12 both exhibited metal-perturbed ligand-centered singlet emissions.Ligand-centered fluorescence emission was observed for many of these complexes. In both the solid- and solution-state, This work establishes that Ag(I) and Au(I) centers are effective linear nodes for self-assembly reactions with dipyridyl ligands and that the resultant materials stabilize these ions with respect to oxidation and photodecomposition. Due to the modular nature of coordination-driven self-assembly, efforts are ongoing to exploit ligand-tuning to incorporate functional groups that will enhance metallacycle solubility to improve their processability for incorporation into mixed-matrix materials.L12 (CCDC No. 1879931) for this study can be found in the Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre https://www.ccdc.cam.ac.uk/solutions/csd-system/components/csd/.The dataset AgCF designed and carried out the experiments and wrote the manuscript. SK assisted in ligand synthesis. AF carried out the mass spec characterization. TC designed the project and wrote the manuscript.The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.


Alcaligenes aquatilis strain QD168 (= CCUG 69566) is a marine hydrocarbon-degrading bacterium isolated from crude oil-polluted sediment from Quintero Bay, Central Chile. Here, we present the 4.32-Mb complete genome sequence of strain QD168, with 3,892 coding sequences, 58 tRNAs, and a 56.3% G+C content. Alcaligenes aquatilis strain QD168 (= CCUG 69566) is a marine hydrocarbon-degrading bacterium isolated from crude oil-polluted sediment from Quintero Bay, Central Chile. Here, we present the 4.32-Mb complete genome sequence of strain QD168, with 3,892 coding sequences, 58 tRNAs, and a 56.3% G+C content. Alcaligenes are Gram-negative, aerobic, and motile bacteria that are frequently isolated from water, soil, and clinical samples, as well as from industrial and contaminated environments , a marine hydrocarbon-degrading bacterium capable of growing on n-hexadecane and diesel in M9 minimal medium agar  in Bushnell Hass mineral medium and artificial seawater.Members of the genus ronments –6. Alcalg phenol , atrazing phenol , endosulg phenol , phenantg phenol , pyrene,a]pyrene . Here, wium agar  at 30°C.Genomic DNA of QD168 cells cultivated in Luria-Bertani broth was extracted using a Qiagen Genomic-tip 100/G kit . Next-generation sequencing was performed using a PacBio RS II platform  with one single-molecule real-time (SMRT) cell and an average 20-kb insert library, obtaining 87,836 reads with an average length of 12,761 bp. PacBio reads were trimmed and assembled using the Hierarchical Genome Annotation Pipeline (HGAP) v3.0 , obtainiectABCD; D3M96_13270, D3M96_13265, D3M96_13260, and D3M96_13255) and the bioplastic polyhydroxyalkanoates  were identified. Aromatic catabolic genes encoding catechol 1,2-dioxygenase , catechol 2,3-dioxygenase , homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase , protocatechuate 4,5-dioxygenase  and gentisate 1,2-dioxygenase  were identified.Gene functional annotation was performed using the NCBI Prokaryotic Genome Annotation Pipeline (PGAP) v4.6 , identifhttps://www.ebi.ac.uk/Tools/psa/emboss_needle/) showed a close relationship (99.9% identity) with A. aquatilis LMG 22996T, while identities with those of the type strains of other Alcaligenes species were <98.5% (species threshold)   and A. faecalis DSM 30030T, resulted in ANIb values of 96.8% and 90.5% , respectively.Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses using EMBOSS Needle (reshold) . MultiloW v.1.81  and manuT (ANIb) , using JT (ANIb)  with A. A. aquatilis strain.This is the first complete genome sequence of an Alcaligenes aquatilis strain QD168 has been deposited in DDBJ/ENA/GenBank under the accession number CP032153. The version described in this paper is the first version, CP032153.1. The accession number for the publicly available raw data at NCBI is PRJNA489687.The genome sequence of


Klebsiella pneumoniae represents an emerging public health issue. Here, we present the draft whole-genome sequences of K. pneumoniae clinical strains KPL0.1 (OXA-48 carbapenemase) and KPL0.2 (NDM-1 carbapenemase).Carbapenemase-producing  Klebsiella pneumoniae represents an emerging public health issue. Here, we present the draft whole-genome sequences of K. pneumoniae clinical strains KPL0.1 (OXA-48 carbapenemase) and KPL0.2 (NDM-1 carbapenemase). These genome sequences should help in investigating pathophysiological mechanisms of digestive colonization or infection with these highly resistant bacteria.Carbapenemase-producing  Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) are resistant to most beta-lactams, including last-line options such as carbapenems, and are an emerging public health issue , KPL0.1 (producing OXA-48 carbapenemase) and KPL0.2 (producing NDM-1 carbapenemase). Both strains were isolated from blood cultures using the Virtuo automated system  and identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry . KPL0.1 was isolated from a 77-year-old patient following digestive surgery, and KPL0.2 came from an 84-year-old patient with a urinary tract infection.Carbapenemase-producing th issue . Klebsieescribed . In Franescribed . Two strde novo assembled with Unicycler. Genomes were annotated using the Prokaryotic Genome Annotation Pipeline (PGAP) v4.5 , and quality control was performed using a Qubit v3.0 fluorometer . Libraries were prepared using the Nextera XT DNA Library prep kit , followed by paired-end 2 × 150-bp) sequencing on a HiSeq platform (Illumina). Genome coverage was about 650× for each isolate. Paired reads were filtered, and Nextera adapters were removed using Trimmomatic on a Galaxy server using default settings . Process0-bp sequblaOXA-48, blaSHV-28, blaTEM-1B, blaCTX-M-15, blaOXA-1), four aminoglycoside resistance genes , five fluoroquinolone resistance genes , and individual antimicrobial resistance genes .The draft genome of KPL0.1 consists of 5,825,863 bp and has a mean G+C content of 56.70%. A total of 5,628 protein-coding genes were annotated, including 92 RNA-coding genes and 75 tRNAs, and the remaining genes were annotated as hypothetical proteins. KPL0.1 belongs to sequence type 307 (ST-307) and possesses the KL102 capsule locus , four aminoglycoside resistance genes , and individual antimicrobial resistance genes .The draft genome of KPL0.2 consists of 5,741,089 bp with a mean G+C content of 56.94%. A total of 5,570 protein-coding genes were annotated, including 93 RNA-coding genes and 79 tRNAs, and the remaining genes were annotated as hypothetical proteins. KPL0.2 belongs to ST-147 and possesses the KL64 capsule locus. The following resistance genes were predicted: five beta-lactam resistance genes  and PYBH00000000 (KPL0.2). The versions described in this paper are QHMA01000000 (KPL0.1) and PYBH01000000 (KPL0.2). The SRA accession number is SRP155589.These two draft whole-genome shotgun projects have been deposited at DDBJ/ENA/GenBank under the accession numbers


Spodoptera litura, and significantly influences the development and fecundity of S. litura at either lethal or sublethal doses. Herein, Illumina HiSeq Xten (IHX) platform was used to explore the transcriptome of S. litura and to identify genes responding to fluralaner exposure.Fluralaner is a novel isoxazoline insecticide with a unique action site on the γ-aminobutyric acid receptor (GABAR), shows excellent activity on agricultural pests including the common cutworm S. litura transcriptome and annotated according to the COG, GO, KEGG and NR databases. These genes included 156 detoxification enzyme genes  and 24 insecticide-targeted genes . There were 3275 and 2491 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in S. litura treated with LC30 or LC50 concentrations of fluralaner, respectively. Among the DEGs, 20 related to detoxification  and 5 were growth-related genes (1 chitin and 4 juvenile hormone synthesis genes). For 26 randomly selected DEGs, real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) results showed that the relative expression levels of genes encoding several P450s, GSTs, heat shock protein (HSP) 68, vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 13 (VPSAP13), sodium-coupled monocarboxylate transporter 1 (SCMT1), pupal cuticle protein (PCP), protein takeout (PT) and low density lipoprotein receptor adapter protein 1-B (LDLRAP1-B) were significantly up-regulated. Conversely, genes encoding esterase, sulfotransferase 1C4, proton-coupled folate transporter, chitinase 10, gelsolin-related protein of 125 kDa (GRP), fibroin heavy chain (FHC), fatty acid synthase and some P450s were significantly down-regulated in response to fluralaner.A total of 16,572 genes, including 451 newly identified genes, were observed in the S. litura whilst the DEGs identified sheds further light on the molecular response to fluralaner.The transcriptome in this study provides more effective resources for the further study of  Spodoptera litura Fabricius (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is a destructive polyphagous pest with a broad host plant range of more than 100 species of crops and vegetables  of fluralaner dissolved in acetone. After 24 h, 15 alive and normal S. litura from each treatment were randomly collected, equally divided into three 1.5 mL Eppendorf tubes, respectively, immediately frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at − 80 °C until use.A laboratory strain of s report . Flurala. (2019) . The 3rdS. litura from each group  by TRIzol™ Reagent . The concentration and integrity of total RNA were measured using NanoDrop 2000  and with the RNA Nano 6000 Assay Kit by Agilent Bioanalyzer 2100 system , respectively.Total RNA was isolated from whole body of RNA sequencing libraries were generated from each sample and the sequencing was carried out by BioMarker  following the manual of the NEB Next® Ultra™ RNA Library Prep Kit  in Illumina. Briefly, 1 μg of total RNA from each sample was enriched using magnetic beads with Oligo (dT) and broken into short fragments, which was carried out using divalent cations under elevated temperature by adding NEB Next First Strand Synthesis Reaction Buffer (5x) (NEB). These short fragments of mRNA served as templates for synthesis of the first-strand complementary DNA (cDNA) with random hexamer primers and Moloney Murine Leukemia Virus (M-MuLV) Reverse Transcriptase (NEB). Using buffer, dNTPs, RNase H and DNA Polymerase I, the second-strand cDNA was subsequently synthesized. Remaining overhangs were converted into blunt ends via exonuclease/ polymerase activities. After adenylation of 3′ ends of DNA fragments, NEB Next Adaptor with hairpin loop were ligated for hybridization. The purified cDNAs were subjected to end repair by adding an adenosine triphosphate (A) base to the 3′ end and connected with sequencing adaptor. Suitable fragments of cDNAs were extracted by the AMPure XP system . Three microliter of USER Enzyme (NEB) was used for size selection, and adaptor-ligated cDNAs at 37 °C for 15 min followed by 5 min at 95 °C before PCR. Then PCR was performed with Phusion High Fidelity DNA polymerase (NEB), Universal PCR primers, and Index (X) Primer (NEB). PCR products were purified with the AMPure XP system (Beckman Coulter) and library quality was assessed on the Agilent Bioanalyzer 2100 system (Agilent).The clustering of the index coded samples was carried out on a cBot Cluster Generation System (Illumina) using TruSeq PE Cluster Kit v4-cBot-HS (Illumina) according to the manufacturer’s instruction. After cluster generation, the prepared libraries were sequenced on an Illumina platform and paired end reads were generated.S. litura . The clean reads with a perfect match or with only one mismatch were mapped to the reference genome of . litura  by the H. litura . The map. litura  and all . litura  accordin. litura , Gene On. litura , Kyoto E. litura  and Non-. litura . In addiS. litura transcriptome. Referring to the previous studies [S. litura, B. mori, D. melanogaster and A. mellifera, then the phylogenetic trees were mapped with 1000 bootstrap replications using the neighbor-joining method to evaluate the branch strength of each tree using MEGA 7 [Genes encoding detoxification enzymes including P450s, GSTs, CarEs, and insecticide-targeted genes including ionotropic GABARs, GluCl, VGSCs, nAChRs, RyR and AChEs, were identified from the  studies , 21, 62,g MEGA 7 . The phyg MEGA 7 . Referrig MEGA 7 , 48, 65,g MEGA 7  and Treeg MEGA 7 .30- and LC50-treated groups were analyzed using DEGseq method [> 2) and false discovery rate (FDR < 0.01) from corrected P-value were used as a judgment standard for the significant differences in gene expression between two samples [Premix Ex Taq™ II (Tli RNaseH Plus)  Co., Ltd., Liaoning, China) on a Quant Studio™ 6 and 7 Flex Real-Time PCR System  according to the procedures from Liu et al. (2018) [-△△Ct method [The relative expression levels of genes among the control, LCq method , which p samples . The DEG. (2018) . The hou. (2018) . Three tt method . The priAdditional file 1: Text S1. Gene annotation with COG and GO databases.Additional file 2. All pathways annotated by KEGG database.Additional file 3. Cytochrome P450 nucleotide sequences of the S. litura transcriptome.Additional file 4. Neighbor-joining phylogenetic analysis of the P450s genes from D. melanogaster, H. armigera, P. xylostella,S. litura and B. mori.Additional file 5. Glutathione S-transferase nucleotide sequences of the S. litura transcriptome.Additional file 6. Neighbor-joining phylogenetic analysis of the GST genes from D. melanogaster, A. mellifera,S. litura and B. mori.Additional file 7. Carboxylesterase nucleotide sequence of the S. litura transcriptome.Additional file 8. Neighbor-joining phylogenetic analysis of the CarE genes from D. melanogaster, H. armigera, P. xylostella,S. litura and B. mori.Additional file 9. Nucleotide sequences of annotated insecticide-targeted genes of the S. litura transcriptome.Additional file 10. Neighbor-joining phylogenetic analysis of the cys-loop ligand-gated ion channel superfamily genes from S. litura and other species. The subunits sequence used are as follow: Am-alpha1 (AAY87890.1), Am-alpha2 (AAS48080.1), Am-alpha3 (AAY87891.1), Am-alpha4 (AAY87892.1), Am-alpha5 (AJE70263.1), Am-alpha6 (AAY87894.1), Am-alpha7 (AAR92109.1), Am-alpha8 (NP_001011575.1), Am-alpha9 (AAY87896.1), Am-beta1 (AAY87897.1), Am-beta2 (AAY87898.1), Am-GluCl (ABG75737.1), Am-RDL (AJE68941.1), Am-GRD (AJE68942.1), Am-LCCH3 (AJE68943.1), Am-CG8916 (NP_001071290.1), Am-HisCl (ABG75739.1), Am-pHCl (ABG75741.1), Am-CG6927 (ABG75747.1), Am-CG12344 (ABG75746.1), Dm-alpha1 (AGB96296.1), Dm-alpha2 (NP_524482.1), Dm-alpha3 (NP_525079.3), Dm-alpha4 (NP_001097669.2), Dm-alpha5 (NP_995708.1), Dm-alpha6 (NP_995674.1), Dm-alpha7 (NP_996514.1), Dm-beta1 (NP_523927.2), Dm-beta2 (NP_524483.1), Dm-beta3 (AAF51485.1), Dm-RDL (NP_523991.2), Dm-LCCH3 (NP_996469.1), Dm-GRD (CAA55144.1), Dm-CG8916 (AAF48539.4), Dm-HisCl1 (AAL74413.1), Dm-HisCl2 (AAL74414.1), Dm-NtR (NP_651958.2), Dm-pHCl1 (NP_001034025.2), Dm-pHCl2 (NP_651861.1), Dm-CG6927 (AAF45992.1), Dm-CG7589 (AAF49337.2), Dm-CG12344 (NP_610619.2), Bm-alpha1 (XP_021203289.1), Bm-alpha2 (NP_001103397.1), Bm-alpha3 (NP_001103387.2), Bm-alpha4 (NP_001166816.1), Bm-alpha5 (NP_001166811.1), Bm-alpha6 (NP_001166813.1), Bm-alpha7 (NP_001166818.1), Bm-alpha8 (NP_001166817.1), Bm-alpha9 (ABV72691.1), Bm-beta1 (ABV72692.1), Bm-beta2 (ABV72693.1), Bm-beta3 (ABV45510.1), Bm-RDL1 (ADM88014.1), Bm-RDL2 (NP_001182629.1), Bm-RDL3 (NP_001182630.1), Bm-LCCH3 (BAT57341.1), Bm-GluCl (BAO58781.1), Bm-pHCl (BAX77827.1).Additional file 11. Phylogenetic analysis of the AChE genes.Additional file 12. Functional classification of DEGs according to COG database. Note: A represented the DEGs and all genes after the exposure of LC30 fluralaner, B represented the DEGs and all genes after the exposure of LC50 fluralaner, respectively.Additional file 13. Functional classification of DEGs according to KEGG database.Additional file 14. Changes of DEGs related to detoxification and development of S. litura after exposure of fluralaner.Additional file 15. Primers for RT-qPCR validation.


Pneumonia and influenza (P&I) increase morbidity and mortality among older adults, especially those residing in long-term care facilities (LTCFs). Facility-level characteristics may affect P&I risk beyond resident-level determinants. However, the relationship between facility characteristics and P&I is poorly understood. We therefore identified potentially modifiable facility-level characteristics that might influence the incidence of P&I across LTCFs. We conducted a retrospective cohort study using 100% of 2013-2015 Medicare claims linked to Minimum Data Set 3.0 and LTCF-level data. Short-stay (<100 days) and long-stay (≥100 days) LTCF residents aged ≥65 were followed for the first occurrence of hospitalization, LTCF discharge, Medicare disenrollment, or death. We calculated LTCF risk-standardized incidence rates (RSIRs) per 100 person-years for P&I hospitalizations by adjusting for over 30 resident-level demographic and clinical covariates using hierarchical logistic regression. The final study cohorts included 1,767,241 short-stay  and 922,863 long-stay residents . LTCFs with lower RSIRs had more Physician Extenders (Nurse Practitioners or Physician’s Assistants) among short-stay  and long-stay residents , higher Registered Nurse hours/resident/day among short-stay and long-stay residents (Mean (SD): 0.5 (0.7) vs. 0.4 (0.4), p<0.001), and fewer residents prescribed antipsychotics among short-stay (21.4% (11.6) vs. 23.6% (13.2), p<0.001) and long-stay residents (22.2% (14.3) vs. 25.5% (15.0), p<0.001). LTCF characteristics may play an important role in preventing P&I hospitalizations. Hiring more Registered Nurses and Physician Extenders, increasing staffing hours, and reducing antipsychotic use may be modifiable means of reducing P&I in LTCFs. Funding provided by Sanofi Pasteur.


LncRNA MIR4435-2HG is observed in a variety of cancers, while its role in colorectal cancer is unknown. We aimed to demonstrate the relationship between MIR4435-2HG and colorectal cancer based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database.Patients with colorectal cancer were collected from TCGA. We compared the expression of MIR4435-2HG in colorectal cancer and normal tissues with Wilcoxon rank sum test, and logistic regression was used to evaluate the relationship between MIR4435-2HG and clinicopathological characters. Moreover, Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression was performed to evaluate the correlation between MIR4435-2HG and survival rate. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was also conducted to annotate biological function of MIR4435-2HG.P-value <0.05). High MIR4435-2HG expression had a poorer progression-free survival (p = 0.048), and overall survival (OS) (P = 0.028), which were validated in the GSE92921 and GSE29621 datasets. MIR4435-2HG expression ) was independently correlated with OS. GSEA demonstrated that the P38/MAPK pathway, the VEGF pathway, the cell adhesion molecules cams, the NOD-like receptor signaling pathway, the cell surface interactions at the vascular wall, and integrin cell surface interactions were differentially enriched in MIR4435-2HG high expression phenotype.MIR4435-2HG level was elevated in colorectal cancer tissues. Increased level of MIR4435-2HG was significantly correlated with TNM stage , stage (OR = 1.66 for stage 1/2 vs. stage 3/4), and carcinoembryonic antigen level before treatment (OR = 1.70 for <5 vs. ≥5) (all Increased MIR4435-2HG might be a potential biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of colorectal cancer. Moreover, MIR4435-2HG might participate in the development of colorectal cancer via the P38/MAPK and VEGF pathway. The prevalence of colorectal cancer is increasing worldwide . SurgeryMIR4435-2HG, also known as AGD2, MORRBID, LINC00978, MIR4435-1HG, lncRNA-AWPPH, has been regarded as a new oncogenic lncRNA in many types of cancer, like breast cancer and bladder cancer . A recenTherefore, we aimed to demonstrate the correlation between MIR4435-2HG and colorectal cancer, and analyze the prognostic role of MIR4435-2HG in colorectal cancer based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). To achieve this goal, we analyzed the expression level of LncRNA MIR4435-2HG in colorectal cancer and normal tissues based on TCGA. And the correlation between LncRNA MIR4435-2HG and prognostic values was performed. Furthermore, MIR4435-2HG related biological pathways involved in colorectal cancer were detected using Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA).The present study showed increased MIR4435-2HG was related to poor prognosis of colorectal cancer, and P38/MAPK pathway, VEGF pathway, cell adhesion molecules cams, Nod like receptor signaling pathway, cell surface interactions at the vascular wall, and integrin cell surface interactions were associated with LncRNA MIR4435-2HG expression phenotype using GSEA.n = 9) and with overall survival (OS) less than 30 days (n = 42) were excluded. The related RNA-seq data and clinicopathological data were extracted. The expression of lncRNA MIR4435-2HG in colorectal adenocarcinoma were analyzed and compared with that in adjacent normal tissues. Considering the fact that the relationship between LncRNA MIR4435-2HG expression and the development of a tumor is independent of the follow-up days, we used 622 RNA-seq data for further association analysis, and 580 data for survival analysis. The characteristics of patients including gender, race, differentiation, venous or perineural invasion, preoperative pretreatment, TNM stage, and tumor location were recorded. Some of them were not available, which were treated as missing value. In addition, the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database was used to validate the association between MIR4435-2HG expression and colorectal cancer outcome. Two raw gene expression datasets  were downloaded from GEO for further study.In the TCGA database, 459 patients with colonic adenocarcinoma and 172 cases with rectal adenocarcinoma were collected. Finally, 580 cases were included in the further analysis, while cases without RNA-seq data .In this study, GSEA was used to elucidate the significant survival difference between high- and low- MIR4435-2HG groups. The number of gene set permutations were 1,000 times for each analysis. The expression level of lncRNA MIR4435-2HG was used as a phenotype label. The pathways enrichment was analyzed based on nominal Statistical analysis was performed using R (v.3.5.1) . Comparin = 240), and 156 cases (31.52%) had history of colon polyps. Stage I disease was found in 102 patients (18.21%), stage II in 206 (36.79%), stage III in 168 (30.00%), and stage IV in 84 (15.00%). Most tumors  were of colonic adenocarcinoma, and 27.07% (n = 157) were rectal adenocarcinoma. The topography distribution included 3.29% T1 (n = 19), 17.82% T2 (n = 103), 68.17% T3 (n = 394), and 10.73% T4 (n = 62). A total of 123 cases (24.50%) had venous invasion, and 57 (26.03%) perineural invasion. A total of 83 cases (16.12%) had distant metastases.The characteristics of patients including gender, race, differentiation, venous or perineural invasion, preoperative pretreatment, TNM stage, and tumor location were collected, as shown in P < 0.001) (P < 0.001)  . In addi< 0.001) , indicatP < 0.001), lymph node metastasis (P < 0.001), stage (P < 0.001), and CEA level before treatment (P = 0.013), as shown in A total of 580 colorectal cancer samples with LncRNA MIR4435-2HG expression data were analyzed from TCGA. Increased expression of MIR4435-2HG was correlated significantly with the grade of topography distribution , stage , and CEA level before treatment   . Univari= 0.015) . These rP = 0.048) (P = 0.028)  was significantly poorer in patients with high LncRNA MIR4435-2HG expression than those with low LncRNA MIR4435-2HG expression (P = 0.044) based on GSE92921 (P = 0.021) based on GSE29621 ), older patients ), higher CEA level ), higher TNM stage ; N: P < 0.001, HR = 2.991 (95% CI [2.027–4.414]); M: P < 0.001, HR = 4.737 (95% CI [3.156–7.11])), higher disease stage ), and venous invasion )  was significantly poorer in patients with high LncRNA MIR4435-2HG expression than those with low LncRNA MIR4435-2HG expression (= 0.048) –3C, simi= 0.028) –3F. In aGSE92921 –S1C, andGSE29621 –S1F. We GSE29621 . High Ln3.728])) .P = 0.040, HR = 1.955 (95% CI [1.031–3.710])), age ), status ), lymph node metastasis ), and disease stage ) were independently correlated with OS in multivariate analysis  in enrichment of MSigDB Collection (c2.cp.v6.2.symbols.gmt).Gene set enrichment analysis was used to identify signaling pathways involved in colorectal cancer between low and high LncRNA MIR4435-2HG expression data sets, and demonstrated significant differences  The Kaplan–Meier curve, (B) Number at risk, and (C) Number of censoring of DFS in colorectal cancer based on GSE92921 dataset. (D) The Kaplan–Meier curve, (E) Number at risk, and (F) Number of censoring OS in colorectal cancer based on GSE29621 dataset. DFS: disease-free survival; OS: over survival.Click here for additional data file.10.7717/peerj.6683/supp-3Supplemental Information 3Click here for additional data file.10.7717/peerj.6683/supp-4Supplemental Information 4Click here for additional data file.10.7717/peerj.6683/supp-5Supplemental Information 5Click here for additional data file.


Healthy People 2020 included objectives to improve health of LGBT persons.In recent decades, public health awareness of health disparities among lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) populations has increased ( BRFSS is an annual state-based, random-digit–dialed telephone survey of noninstitutionalized U.S. adults aged ≥18 years, which collects information on health-related topics.The prevalence and 95% confidence intervals of demographic characteristics  and of engaging in the five health-related behaviors was estimated by sexual orientation status for men and women separately, and by transgender status. The health-related behaviorsIn 2016, among 86,185 men who answered the sexual orientation question, 92.7% reported being heterosexual, 2.2% reported being gay, and 1.5% reported being bisexual; among 114,842 women, 91.7% reported being heterosexual, 1.3% reported being lesbian, and 2.3% reported being bisexual . OverallCompared with heterosexual men, gay men had a lower prevalence of not currently smoking cigarettes (77.0% versus 81.4%) and moderate or no drinking (51.8% versus 60.8%), but had a higher prevalence of performing any leisure-time exercise (82.0% versus 77.9%); gay men also had a higher prevalence of having a normal body weight (40.3%) than did bisexual (29.8%) and heterosexual men (25.0%). The prevalence of not currently smoking cigarettes, moderate or no alcohol consumption, and getting ≥7 hours’ sleep during a 24-hour period was higher among heterosexual women  than among lesbian  and bisexual women . Engaging in any leisure-time exercise was more prevalent among lesbian (80.6%) and bisexual women (77.6%) than among heterosexual women (73.8%); however, having a normal body weight was less prevalent among lesbian women (30.4%) than among heterosexual women (37.0%); the difference in prevalence between heterosexual women and bisexual women (35.8%) was not statistically significant. In addition, the prevalence of reporting zero or one health-related behavior was higher among lesbian (10.0%) and bisexual (10.7%) women than among heterosexual women (4.9%), and the prevalence of reporting all five health-related behaviors was lower among lesbian (5.4%) and bisexual (6.9%) women than among heterosexual women (10.6%) .Among 200,874 adults from the 25 states and Guam who answered the gender identity question, 98.3% reported being cisgender, 0.2% reported being male-to-female transgender, and 0.1% each reported being female-to-male transgender and transgender nonconforming . Being aThe prevalence of performing any leisure-time exercise was higher among cisgender adults (75.5%) than among male-to-female transgender adults (56.7%). More than three quarters (77.4%) of male-to-female transgender adults reported sleeping ≥7 hours during a 24-hour period compared with cisgender adults (65.0%), female-to-male transgender adults (58.9%), and transgender nonconforming adults (52.9%). In addition, male-to-female transgender adults had a lower prevalence of engaging in any two of five health-related behaviors (12.3%) than did cisgender adults (18.6%), but had a higher prevalence of engaging in any three of five health-related behaviors (47.2%) than did female-to-male transgender adults (28.2%) .The findings from this study support those of other studies showing that disparities in sociodemographic characteristics and health-related behaviors exist among the LGBT populations , the prevalence of not currently smoking cigarettes, moderate or no drinking, maintaining a normal body weight, performing any leisure-time physical activity, and sleeping ≥7 hours per day was lower among lesbian (5.4%) and bisexual women (6.9%). Male-to-female transgender adults had a lower prevalence of engaging in any two of five health-related behaviors (12.3%) than did cisgender adults (18.6%), but had a higher prevalence of engaging in any three of five health-related behaviors (47.2%) than did female-to-male transgender adults (28.2%).Implementation of targeted strategies to increase community-based health intervention programs and mass media campaigns to improve health-related behaviors of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender adults are needed.


Lavandula species, which continues to increase in a variety of industries. Lavandula pubescens might be a good alternative, as it exhibits strong antibacterial activity. In this study, the chemical composition of the essential oils from different organs  of L. pubescens was identified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Furthermore, the antimicrobial activities of different solvent extracts  and different organ  extracts of L. pubescens were evaluated. Only the ethyl acetate extracts of L. pubescens exhibited antibacterial activity against all bacterial strains tested, including Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Escherichia coli (KF 918342), Aeromonas hydrophila (KCTC 12487), E. coli (ATCC 35150), Cronobacter sakazakii (ATCC 29544), and Aeromonas salmonicida (KACC 15136). In particular, the extracts exhibited significant activity against S. haemolyticus. Ethyl acetate extract of the leaf exhibited the best activity against all bacterial strains. This study provides valuable information on the chemical compositions in essential oils and antimicrobial properties of L. pubescens.The discovery of a new species exhibiting more effective antibacterial properties is necessary because of the demand on  Lavandula pubescens, also known as downy lavender, is an aromatic flowering plant belonging to the Lamiaceae family. Lavandula, consisting of approximately 39 known species, has been largely cultivated as ornamental plants for gardens and scenery use. This perennial plant is widely distributed in the Mediterranean, North Africa, Southwest Asia, western Iran, and eastern India [Lavandula angustifolia, Lavandula officinalis, Lavandula latifolia, and Lavandula vera. Lavandula pubescens is a newly discovered species of lavender, which occurs in the Mediterranean. In recent years, the plants have been extensively studied as resources for medicine and aromatic products and used largely for their medicinal potentials, because these plants contain a number of bioactive compounds that act against human and plant pathogens [rn India . The widathogens , as wellLavandula is widely studied because of its commercial use in the fragrance industry [Lavandula species is presently used in food manufacturing industries for flavoring. Lavandula essential oil contains monoterpenes and is used in soaps, shampoos, mouthwashes, and household cleaners [Lavandula essential oil has been used in the food industry [Presently, industry ,5. The pindustry . The esscleaners . Previoucleaners  as well cleaners ,10. Furtindustry ,12.Essential oils, also called volatile or ethereal oils, are defined as an aromatic hydrophobic liquid, including a broad diversity of volatile compounds, and are derived from plant materials, such as the roots, stem, flowers, leaves, buds, seeds, and fruits . LavendeLavandula has been widely studied [Lavandula essential oil have been reported [L. pubescens using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and the antibacterial activities of different plant parts of L. pubescens.The antimicrobial activity of  studied ,19,20. L studied ,22. Antireported ,24,25. TEthanol (EtOH), methanol (MeOH), hexane, and ethyl acetate (EA) were purchased from Samchun Pure Chemical, Pyeongtaek, Korea. Diethyl ether (DE) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, Yongin, Korea. Luria-Bertani (LB) broth and streptomycin sulfate was purchased from MB cell, Seoul, Korea.L. pubescens were collected from the green house of Chungnam National University , Staphylococcus haemolyticus (KCTC 3341), Aeromonas hydrophila (KCTC 12487), Escherichia coli (ATCC 35150), Cronobacter sakazakii (ATCC 29544), and Aeromonas salmonicida (KACC 15136). These strains were collected from the medicine department of Chungnam National University. The bacterial strains (Escherichia coli (KF 918342), Staphylococcus haemolyticus (KCTC 3341), Escherichia coli (ATCC 35150), Cronobacter sakazakii (ATCC 29544), and Aeromonas salmonicida (KACC 15136)) were cultured at 37 °C and the strain (Aeromonas hydrophila (KCTC 12487)) was cultured at 30 °C for 18–24 h in a 50 mL sample of LB broth prepared in a 250 mL conical flask medium placed on an orbital shaker. Optical density (OD) measurement was performed at 600 nm using a UV-1800 spectrophotometer . The culture flask was inoculated at 0.1 OD600  with freshly prepared LB medium under the same culture conditions. The mid log phase bacterial cultures were used for the antibacterial studies. Staphylococcus haemolyticus (KCTC 3341) was the only gram-positive bacteria used in this study; all others were gram-negative bacteria.Six bacterial strains were used in this study: Volatile compounds were extracted and analyzed using a previously reported GC-MS method . GC-MS a600 of the different overnight bacterial cultures was swabbed on a 25 mL LB agar plate. Whatman disk was then placed on the plates. A 30 µL sample of different solvent extracts of L. pubescens was added to the sterilized disk  and incubated overnight at 37 °C. For screening of the different plant organs, the powdered samples were dissolved in ethyl acetate, and the resulting extract was added to the Whatman disk. Streptomycin (250 µg/mL) was used as the standard antibacterial agent. The experiment was performed in triplicate.A 0.1 ODL. pubescens extracts was established according to the method of Abdullah Al-Dhabi et al. [8 CFU/mL of each of the six bacterial strains was added to the 96-well plate and incubated at 37 °C for 17 h. After the incubation time, the minimum inhibitor concentration was determined by the lowest visible growth in LB broth. The experiment was performed in triplicate.The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the i et al.  by usingL. pubescens, such as the roots, stems, leaves, and flowers, were identified by GC-MS analysis. Most of the essential oils from different organs were characterized by the dominant presence of terpenes, including monoterpenes, diterpenes, and sesquiterpenes (p-cymenene (18.15%), terpinolene (3.31%), isothymol methyl ether (2.8%), m-cymene (2.1%), γ-terpinene (1.64%), carvacrol (0.78%), 2,5,5-trimethyl-1,3,6-heptatriene (0.76%), and trans-3-caren-2-ol (0.76%); nine sesquiterpenes—alloaromadendrene (2.45%), caryophyllene (2.45%), β-bisabolene (0.96%), α-muurolene (0.17%), (−)-β-elemene (0.16%), β-ylangene (0.13%), β-guaiene (0.11%), α-calacorene (0.11%), and acoradien (0.07%); and one diterpene—jolkinol D (0.16%), comprising 94.62% of the total leaf-derived essential oil.Chemical composition of the essential oils of different organs of terpenes . The oilp-cymenene (7.66%), m-cymene (2.89%), carvacrol (2.54%), trans-3-caren-2-ol (2.51%), 2,5,5-trimethyl-1,3,6-heptatriene (1.83%), and 4-terpinyl acetate (1.34%); and 10 sesquiterpenes—caryophyllene (9.97%), β-bisabolene (3.52%), β-ylangene (1.46%), longifolene (1.04%), α-cubebene (0.65%), β-eudesmene (0.58%), α-ylangene (0.38%), caryophyllene oxide (0.33%), aromandendrene (0.11%), and acoradien (0.08%), comprising 99.47% of the total stem-derived essential oil.The essential oil from the stems contained 10 monoterpenes—neo-allo-ocimene (15.68%), isothymol methyl ether (13.35%), γ-terpinene (11.09%), terpinolene (10.17%), m-cymene (49%), α-terpinene (4.22%), 4-terpinyl acetate (3.73%), (−)-4-terpineol (3.05%), p-xylene (2.46%), γ-terpinene (2.28%), d-limonene (2.0%), p-cymenene (1.99%), terpinolene (1.90%), α-terpinene (1.57%), carvacrol (0.41%) neo-allo-ocimene (0.36%), trans-3-caren-2-ol (0.33%), and isothymol methyl ether (0.35%); and 21 sesquiterpenes—(−)-calamenene (6.33%), α-gurjunene (3.30%), α-copaene (1.54%), β-eudesmene (1.21%), α-bergamotene (1.00%), caryophyllene (0.91%), δ-cadinene (0.88%), α-muurolene (0.86%), cyclosativene (0.81%), (−)-β-elemene (0.66%), β-copaene (0.61%), γ-cadinene (0.48%), α-calacorene (0.48%), α-cubebene (0.43%), β-guaiene (0.42%), α-ylangene (0.41%), acoradien (0.38%), caryophyllene oxide (0.19%), alloaromadendrene (0.16%), (+)-ledene (0.14%), and aromandendrene (0.07%), comprising 99.03% of the total root-derived essential oil.The essential oil from the roots contained 14 monoterpenes—p-cymenene (11.66%), neo-allo-ocimene (8.55%), 1,3,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3-cyclohexadiene (2.95%), 2,5,5-trimethyl-1,3,6-heptatriene (2.75%), γ-terpinene (2.39%), m-cymene (1.31%), trans-3-caren-2-ol (1.12%), α-terpinene (0.87%), carvacrol (0.27%), p-xylene (0.15%), and d-limonene (0.08%); and 5 sesquiterpenes—longifolene (2.2%), β-bisabolene (0.72%), α-bergamotene (0.36%), caryophyllene (0.23%), and acoradien (0.07%), comprising 99.44% of the total flower-derived oil.The essential oil from flowers contained 13 monoterpenes—4-terpinyl acetate (16.99%), L. pubescens was performed using five different organic solvents. The ethyl acetate extract showed more antimicrobial activity against the six pathogenic bacteria because the disk diffusion method revealed that the ethyl acetate extract produced higher activity than that by the other organic solvents. In particular, L. pubescens possessed significant activity against S. haemolyticus, followed by E. coli (KF 918342), A. hydrophila (KCTC 12487), E. coli (ATCC 35150), C. sakazakii (ATCC 29544), and A. salmonicida (KACC 15136)  . TherefoLavandula extract was studied by the micro broth dilution method and the results are shown in Lavandula ethyl acetate extract at different concentrations inhibited all the growth of all bacterial strain broths. The MIC for E. coli was 6.25 µL and for S. haemolyticus, A. hydrophila, and A. salmonicida was 12.5 µL. Cronobacter sakazakii inhibition was observed at 25 µL. Streptomycin showed better MIC values in comparison with those of the Lavandula ethyl acetate extracts. MIC values are shown in The MIC of crude L. pubescens through GC-MS analysis. The most abundant constituents were terpenes, including monoterpenes, diterpenes, and sesquiterpenes. Similarly, previous studies have shown that terpene metabolites were the major components of essential oils from a variety of Lavandula species: Barocelli et al. reported a total of 23 constituents in Lavandula hybrida Reverchon “Grosso” essential oil, with major constituents such as linalool (33.4%), linalyl acetate (36.2%), camphor (7.6%), and 1,8-cineole (5.8%) [Lavandula stoechas L. (Spanish lavender) [L. angustifolia essential oil were 1,8-cineole (44.9%), camphor (14.3%), β-phellandrene (5.0%), and α-pinene (4.7%) [Lavandula bipinnata essential oil had transcarveol (18.93%), pulegone (8.45%), camphor (7.09%), and menthol (5.89%) [L. latifolia Med.) and lavandin (Lavandula × intermedia) essential oils contained camphor (32.70%), 1,8-cineole (26.9%), and caryophyllene (4.88%) and 1,8-cineol (40.5%), linalool (33.1%), and camphor (8.17%), respectively [L. pubescens, with main components including carvacrol (72.7%), carvacrol methyl ether (7.0%), and caryophyllene oxide (5.9%) [In this study, 71 volatile compounds were identified in the essential oils derived from the roots, stems, leaves, and flowers of e (5.8%) . Fenchonavender) . The maje (4.7%) . Shirugu (5.89%) . Spike llinalool .4%, linae (5.9%) .L. pubescens tested in the present study showed strong antibacterial activity against the six bacterial strains tested. However, antibacterial activities of the extracts dissolved in the other solvents were not observed. This could be caused by the difference in the chemical composition of these extracts. Often, variations in chemical composition may result from differences in the extraction solvents, season, and presence of secondary metabolites [Ethyl acetate extract of abolites . Previouabolites ,37,38.L. pubescens possessed strong antibacterial activity against the six pathogenic bacteria, and L. pubescens leaves had the most powerful antimicrobial capacity. Our results are supported by those of previous studies showing that the essential oil from Lavandula species had antibacterial properties [lavender essential oil showed anti-bacterial activities against E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus [L. angustifolia was effective against all tested turtle-borne pathogenic bacteria: A. hydrophila, Aeromonas caviae, and Aeromonas dhakensis [C. sakazakii [L. angustifolia showed anti-bacterial activity against S. aureus, E. coli, Citrobacter freundii, Enterobacter aerogenes, Propionibacterium acnes, Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Shigella sonnei, and Streptococcus pyogenes [Lavandula plants are expected to possess important antibacterial properties against various bacterial species.Ethyl acetate extracts of operties . Hui et s aureus . Hossainhakensis . Furtherakazakii . The esspyogenes . TherefoL. pubescens and the different antibacterial activity of ethyl acetate extracts of these plant parts. These properties could be successfully exploited to treat several diseases caused by bacterial infections. This may indicate that lavender species used in traditional remedies may possess beneficial biological activity. Thus, this study suggests the potential use of L. pubescens roots, stems, leaves, and flowers in traditional herbal medicine applications.According to the World Health Organization (WHO), approximately 80% of the world’s population depends on herbal remedies for their primary healthcare ,45. ThisL. pubescens, and its extract possessed strong antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli (KF 918342), Staphylococcus haemolyticus (KCTC 3341), Aeromonas hydrophila (KCTC 12487), Escherichia coli (ATCC 35150), Cronobacter sakazakii (ATCC 29544), and Aeromonas salmonicida (KACC 15136). In particular, the leaves exhibited the strongest antimicrobial activity against these bacteria among the different plant parts tested. Therefore, this study suggests that L. pubescens could be considered a good source for human health.In this study, ethyl acetate was the most effective solvent for extracting a broad variety of compounds from


Their structures were elucidated by extensive NMR spectroscopy studies. Compound 2 represents the first example of an R-configuration in the prenylated moiety. All these isolated compounds were examined for antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities. Compounds 1–9 exhibited antimicrobial activities against some human- and plant-pathogenic microbes with MIC values ranging from 2 to 64 μg/mL. Moreover, compound 9 displayed considerable inhibitory activity against the THP-1 cell line in vitro, with an IC50 value of 7.0 μg/mL.Considerable attention has been paid to marine derived endophytic fungi, owing to their capacity to produce novel secondary metabolites with potent bioactivities. In this study, two new compounds with a prenylated diphenyl ether structure—diorcinol L ( Aspergillus sp. + and 351.12 [M + Na]+; HRESIMS at m/z 329.1377 [M + H]+  and 351.1199 [M + Na]+ .(R)-Diorcinol B (2): yellowish powder; c 0.1, MeOH); UV (MeOH) λmax (log ε) 205 (4.44), 281 (3.30) nm; 1H and 13C-NMR data, see m/z 333.16 [M + H]+; HRESIMS m/z 333.1689 [M + H]+ .Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Ralstonia solanacearum and plant pathogenic fungi Alternaria alternata, Cochliobolus heterostrophus, Gaeumannomyces graminis, Glomerella cingulata, Mucor hiemalis, and Thielaviopsis basicola were carried out using the well diffusion method [Antimicrobial assays against the human- and plant-pathogenic bacteria n method . ChloramThe cytotoxic activity of the isolated compounds against six tumor cell lines including A549 , Du145 (human prostate cancer cell line), HeLa (human cervix carcinoma cell line), MCF-7 (human breast adenocarcinoma cell line), MDA-MB-231 (human breast cancer cell line), and THP-1 (human monocytic cell line) were determined according to the previously reported the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) colorimetric method .Aspergillus tennesseensis. Among them, compound 2 represents the first example of an R-configuration in the prenylated moiety. The antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of the isolated compounds were evaluated, and some of the compounds showed promising activities. These results indicated that the algal-derived endophytic fungi are a prolific resource of novel bioactive natural products.In conclusion, nine prenylated diphenyl ethers, including two new ones, were isolated and identified from the marine algal-derived endophytic fungus


We performed a meta-analysis to obtain the diagnostic and grading accuracy of 18F-FDOPA PET and PET/CT in patients with gliomas.Positron emission tomography (PET) and PET/computed tomography (PET/CT) imaging with 3,4-dihydroxy-6-[18F-FDOPA PET or PET/CT in glioma patients. Pooled sensitivity, specificity, and area under the summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curve were calculated from eligible studies on a per-lesion basis.PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and Web of Science were searched through 13 May 2019. We included studies reporting the diagnostic performance of 18F-FDOPA PET and PET/CT were 0.90 (95%CI: 0.86–0.93) and 0.75 (95%CI: 0.65–0.83). Across 7 studies (219 patients) for glioma grading, 18F-FDOPA PET and PET/CT showed a pooled sensitivity of 0.88 (95%CI: 0.81–0.93) and a pooled specificity of 0.73 (95%CI: 0.64–0.81).Eventually, 19 studies were included. Across 13 studies (370 patients) for glioma diagnosis, the pooled sensitivity and specificity of 18F-FDOPA PET and PET/CT demonstrated good performance for diagnosing gliomas and differentiating high-grade gliomas (HGGs) from low-grade gliomas (LGGs). Further studies implementing standardized PET protocols and investigating the grading parameters are needed. Glioma is the most common primary brain tumor, accounting for 81% of all malignant brain tumors with an annual incidence of 5.26 per 100,000 individuals , 4. Thus18F-FDG) has been the classic PET tracer used in tumor imaging, but it is not ideal in detecting gliomas due to the high physiologic uptake in normal brain tissue. Given the diagnostic limitations of 18F-FDG, amino acid tracers have been extensively investigated, such as 3,4-dihydroxy-6-[18F] fluoro-L-phenylalanine (18F-FDOPA). Unlike gadolinium, 18F-FDOPA is transported across the intact blood brain barrier (BBB) , indicating a moderately high overall diagnostic value of als Fig. c.p-value = 0.0006, I-square = 65.1%) through Chi-square, Cochran-Q, and I-squared tests , specificity of 0.76 (95% CI: 0.66–0.85), LR+ of 2.87 (95% CI: 2.01–4.11), LR- of 0.13 (95% CI: 0.07–0.23), DOR of 29.65 (95% CI: 13.09–67.15), and AUC of 0.90 (SE = 0.06). In the newly-diagnosed subgroup, only two studies were eligible for meta-analysis (in another three studies only sensitivity can be computed after stratification). In comparison with recurrent group, pooled data of newly-diagnosed group revealed a lower sensitivity of 0.71 (95% CI: 0.54–0.85) and a higher specificity of 0.86 (95% CI: 0.42–1.00). The LR+, LR- and DOR were 3.71 (0.87–15.81), 0.36 (0.19–0.68) and 10.88 (1.57–75.31) respectively.No threshold effect was detected in two subgroups. Pooled data and SROC curve manifested a high diagnostic value of 18F-FDOPA PET and PET/CT for Grading Gliomas.Aim 2: Investigating the Performance of 18F-FDOPA PET and PET/CT presented a pooled sensitivity of 0.88 (95% CI: 0.81–0.93), specificity of 0.73 (95% CI: 0.64–0.81), LR+ of 2.90 (95% CI: 2.19–3.85), LR- of 0.16 (95% CI: 0.08–0.36), DOR of 25.87 (95% CI: 10.53–63.54), and AUC of 0.89 (SE = 0.03) for differentiating HGGs from LGGs.As illustrated in the Fig. p-value = 0.0045), no significant heterogeneity was found among studies for specificity , LR+ , LR-  and DOR .Other than sensitivity , and for HGGs  and LGGs  respectively. Besides the evidence presented above, our systematical analysis has also shown that 18F-FDOPA PET and PET/CT provide more reliable results in discriminating recurrent lesions from treatment related changes, with a pooled sensitivity and specificity of 0.92 and 0.76.Of increased interest is the value of patients . Howevera et al.  reportedi et al.  proved s18F-FDOPA PET and PET/CT is the utility in the detection of HGGs. Due to the differences between LGGs and HGGs in therapeutic regimen and prognosis evaluation, initial grading for gliomas through imaging approaches is of great significance. This meta-analysis proved the high overall value of 18F-FDOPA PET and PET/CT in evaluating tumor grade, with the AUC of 0.89. However, studies with respect to grading of recurrent gliomas demonstrated controversial results. In Fueger et al. -methyl-L-methionine (11C-MET). In the only study with direct comparison between 18F-FDOPA PET and 11C-MET, 18F-FDOPA performed equally well as 11C-MET in the imaging of brain tumors [11C-MET is being replaced by tracers labelled with fluorine-18  due to its short half-life (20 min). The use of another amino acid tracer O-(2-[18F]-fluorethyl)-1-tyrosine (18F-FET) has rapidly grown in recent years. A previous meta-analysis of 5 studies including 180 patients reported a sensitivity and specificity of 0.82 and 0.76 of 18F-FET PET for the differential diagnosis of primary brain tumor [18F-DOPA and 18F-FET shared similar uptake pattern in primary and recurrent HGGs and had similar diagnostic accuracy in recurrent HGGs [18F-FET, the elevated physiological 18F-FDOPA uptake in striatum has been a concern which may limits its use to detect brain tumor with striatum involvement [18F-FET to examine patients with possible involvement of basal ganglia irrespective of tumor grade. Similarly, Morana et al. [18F-FDOPA PET/CT in dorsal striatum was concordant with its overall accuracy, while not in the ventral striatum, which required fused MRI to improve its performance.Evidence for comparisons of c tissue . 18F-FDO 18F-FDG , 10, 23.27–0.50) . The lon27–0.50) C-methyl-in tumor . In lateent HGGs , 41. Howolvement , 43. Thea et al.  reported18F-FDOPA uptake with glioma molecular characteristics cannot be analyzed.Several study limitations also need to be addressed. Although 19 studies were included in this meta-analysis, the sample size of each study tended to be small, and the number of true negative cases was particularly limited, which might possibly yield less replicable results, especially the pooled specificity. Limited sample size also led to data loss in stratification of subgroups when true negative case was less than one . Besides, multiple specimens were obtained from one patient in three studies , 27, 30,18F-FDOPA PET and PET/CT have high diagnostic accuracy for the detection of gliomas, especially the discrimination between tumor recurrence and radiation-induced changes. 18F-FDOPA PET and PET/CT also demonstrate good grading performance for the distinction between HGGs and LGGs. However, the grading parameters needs further investigation with standardized imaging protocols in prospective studies.In conclusion, this meta-analysis provides evidence that


Brassica napus) is preferred over black-seeded rapeseed for the desirable properties of the former. This study evaluated the metabolites and nutritive values of black-seeded rapeseed meal and yellow-seeded meal from the progeny of a B. napus–Sinapis alba hybrid. Yellow-seed meal presented higher protein (35.46% vs. 30.29%), higher sucrose (7.85% vs. 7.29%), less dietary fiber (26.19% vs. 34.63%) and crude fiber (4.56% vs. 8.86%), and less glucosinolates (22.18 vs. 28.19 μmol/g) than black-seeded one. Amounts of ash (3.65% vs. 4.55%), phytic acid (4.98% vs. 5.60%), and total polyphenols (2.67% vs. 2.82%) were decreased slightly in yellow-seeded meal compared with black-seeded meal. Yellow-seeded meal contained more essential amino acids than black-seeded meal. Levels of the mineral elements Fe, Mn, and Zn in yellow-seeded meal were higher than black-seeded meal. By contrast, levels of P, Ca, and Mg were lower in yellow-seeded meal. Moreover, yellow-seeded meal showed lower flavonol  content than black-seeded meal. Comparison of metabolites between yellow and black rapeseed confirmed the improved nutritional value of meal from yellow-seeded B. napus, and this would be helpful to the breeding and improvement of rapeseed for animal feeding.Breeding of yellow-seeded rapeseed ( Brassica napus) is the second most abundant oil crop worldwide next to soybean. Soybean meal is broadly used as an animal fodder for its abundant nutrients, but the supply of soybean meal is insufficient to meet current demands [B. napus [B. napus is an optimal perspective in breeding of rapeseed, and cultivars/lines with yellow seed coat have been selected from hybridization among Brassica species with yellow seed character  [Sinapis alba) have been reported [B. napus has revealed different nutrient contents in the seed meals [et al., found higher protein , higher sucrose (10.2% vs. 8.8% DM), and less total dietary fiber (24.1% vs. 30.1% DM) in meal derived from yellow-seeded B. napus than black seed [et al., identified 31 polyphenols in canola meal, of which sinapine is the most abundant chemical, comprising 80% of the total phenolics [et al., reported that the unpleasant taste of meal with higher sinapine content affected the intake of pigs, which directly reduced their average daily feed intake and average daily weight gain [et al., reported significant differences in the PA contents of yellow- and black-seeded B. napus [Rapeseed  . Introdureported . Comparied meals ,9,10. Beed meals . Slominsack seed . Antinuthenolics . Sinapinght gain ,15. Flavght gain . Jiang eB. napus .B. napus–S. alba hybrids, and the oil content of this yellow-seeded rapeseed line (W82) was 6% higher than that of black-seeded rapeseed [B. napus cv. Yangyou 6) and yellow-seeded rapeseed . This comprehensive comparison will facilitate understanding of the differences in nutritional values between the two rapeseed lines and might contribute to the utilization and molecular dissection of yellow-seeded rapeseed.Rapeseed with yellow-seeded germplasm does not naturally exist. We obtained a novel yellow-seeded rapeseed from the progeny of rapeseed . In the B. napus were produced using a high-temperature press, degreasing with petroleum ether. The chemical compositions of seed meals from yellow- and black-seeded rapeseeds are listed in B. napus presented higher protein (35.46% vs. 30.29% DM) and higher sucrose (7.85% vs. 7.29% DM). Significant differences in protein and sucrose levels were identified between yellow- and black-seeded B. napus seed meals (p < 0.05). Proteins are the main nutrients in rapeseed meal, supplying energy for metabolism after animal absorption. Improved protein content in yellow-seeded rapeseed meal indicates higher nutritional value for animal feeding. Theodoridou et al., reported easier animal assimilation of yellow-seeded rapeseed meal from B. napus than that of black-seeded rapeseed meal [B. juncea and B. napus exhibited higher absorption efficiency of proteins in the rumen and intestines than when they were fed with meal from black-seeded B. napus. Higher intestinal digestibility of total metabolizable protein and lower degraded protein balance were reported when yellow-seeded rapeseed meal was consumed compared with black-seeded rapeseed meal. Thus, the increase in protein content of the novel yellow-seeded B. napus derived from somatic hybrids of B. napus–S. alba indicates improved nutritional value for animal feeding, especially in the actual absorbed protein. High sucrose levels would improve the digestibility of rapeseed meal because sucrose is a carbohydrate that can be easily digested. Theander et al., reported the sucrose content in seed meal of Brassica to be approximately 6.2%–8.0% [Rapeseed meals from yellow- and black-seeded .2%–8.0% ,17.vs. 34.63% DM), crude fiber (4.56% vs. 8.86% DM), and glucosinolates (22.18 μmol/g DM vs. 28.19 μmol/g DM) were significantly higher in black-seeded rapeseed meal than in yellow-seeded rapeseed meal  and total polyphenol (2.67% vs. 2.82% DM) contents were lower in yellow-seeded rapeseed meal than in black-seeded rapeseed meal , methionine and cysteine (1.36 mg/g vs. 0.21 mg/g), isoleucine (0.33 mg/g vs. 0.20 mg/g), glycine (0.62 mg/g vs. 0.39 mg/g), alanine (2.95 mg/g vs. 1.06 mg/g), phenylalanine (2.08 mg/g vs. 1.26 mg/g), histidine (0.98 mg/g vs. 0.50 mg/g), lysine (1.65 mg/g vs. 0.80 mg/g), and arginine (1.59 mg/g vs. 1.17 mg/g) (p < 0.05) (vs. 7.06 mg/g), lysine (9.52 mg/g vs. 9.02 mg/g), threonine (9.37 mg/g vs. 8.29 mg/g), isoleucine (13.39 mg/g vs. 11.97 mg/g), asparagine (12.91 mg/g vs. 11.71 mg/g), glutamic acid (23.75 mg/g vs. 21.18 mg/g), methionine and cysteine (32.15 mg/g vs. 29.01 mg/g), tyrosine (15.44 mg/g vs. 13.80 mg/g), glycine (2.28 mg/g vs. 1.83 mg/g), alanine (6.99 mg/g vs. 6.04 mg/g), histidine (6.73 mg/g vs. 5.88 mg/g), and arginine (12.13 mg/g vs. 10.44 mg/g) were significantly higher in yellow-seeded rapeseed meal than in black-seeded rapeseed meal  directly affects the nutritional value of seed meal [et al., showed that the digestibility of total amino acids was higher in chickens fed with yellow-seeded rapeseed meal than in those fed with black-seeded rapeseed meal [Profiles of essential amino acids and total amino acids are listed in  < 0.05) . In termeed meal . Methioneed meal .vs. 87.48 mg/kg), Mn (48.12 mg/kg vs. 37.63 mg/kg), Zn (74.89 mg/kg vs. 54.82 mg/kg), Cu (4.96 mg/kg vs. 4.67 mg/kg), and K , and the differences of Fe, Mn, and Zn contents between the two types of rapeseed meal were significant (p < 0.05). By contrast, the amounts of P , Ca (3990.40 mg/kg vs. 5645.36 mg/kg), and Mg (3767.20 vs. 3860.59 mg/kg) were lower in yellow-seeded rapeseed meal than in black-seeded rapeseed meal  derived from the progeny of B. napus–S. alba hybrids and black-seeded rapeseed (B. napus cv. “Yangyou 6”) were used in this study [et al. [Seeds of yellow-seeded is study ,36. “Yan [et al. , seed meet al. [2SO4 (5 mL) in 30 g/L trichloroacetic acid (5 mL). After shaking for 2 h at room temperature, the suspension was collected after centrifugation at 13,000 g for 10 min. The pellet was re-extracted and all the suspension was combined. The phytic acid was precipitated with 0.3 g/L FeCl3 (2 mL), and its amount was calculated according to the difference of phosphorus value between the initial supernatant and the supernatant after precipitated with FeCl3. A conversion factor of 3.55 from phosphorus and phytic acid was used. Glucosinolates were determined via near-infrared spectroscopy, which developed a new calibration to measure major fraction, and no external standards were needed [et al. [et al. [For determination of protein contents, a nitrogen analyzer was used to obtain the content of N, and the content of crude protein was calculated by N × 6.25. Seed meal (0.5 g) was treated with 6 N HCl (20 mL) at 110 °C for 24 h, and total amino acid content was then determined using ninhydrin colorimetry and an Biochrom 30 amino acid analyzer . For free amino acid analysis, the seed meal (0.5 g) was extracted with picric acid (20 mL) then determined on the amino acid analyzer . Total det al. . Seed me [et al. . Inducti [et al. . Calibraet al. with some modifications, and the extracts were filtered through 0.45 μm Teflon membranes  and then used for high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-electrospray ionization (ESI)/tandem mass spectrometry (MS2) analysis [et al. [2CO3 (50 μL) was added. The total phenol content was reported as (−)-epicatechin equivalents based on a calibration curve. Using (−)-epicatechin as standard, the absorbance was measured at 725 nm after the incubation for 45 min to acknowledge the content of phenol content. The total phenol content was reported as (−)-epicatechin equivalents based on a calibration curve. HPLC analysis of 10 μL extracts was performed on an Agilent 6460 instrument  equipped with automatic injector, quaternary pump, thermostatted column compartment, and diode array detector (DAD). The Agilent Masshunter Qualitative Analysis software was used for data collection and analysis. LC/MS data of tentatively identified polyphenolics in meal of black- and yellow-seeded B. napus and their quantitative analysis using DAD at 280 and 330 nm. Samples were separated using XB-C18 column , with a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min, oven temperature of 30 °C, and a detection range of 190–800 nm. The mobile phase consisted of a combination of solvent A  and solvent B . The linear gradient was as follows: 10% B (v/v) for 5 min, 10%–90% B for 40 min, 90% B for 10 min, 90%–10% B for 1 min, and hold at 10% B for 10 min.Phenolics were extracted using the method previously described by Shao analysis . Seed me [et al. : extract2) pressure = 15 psi, sheath gas temperature 250 °C, sheath gas flow = 7 L/min, capillary voltage = 4000 V, and spraying voltage = 500 V. Full scan spectra of 500 ms and an m/z range of 90–2000 were selected. MS2 fragmentation patterns of phenolics were determined under 15–40 V, using the Agilent MassHunter Workstation Data Acquisition and Agilent MassHunter Qualitative Analysis software. Procyanidin B2, (−)-epicatechin, sinapine, and quercetin-3-O-β-d-glucoside, which were purchased from Sigma , and isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside, which was purchased from ChromaDex , were used as standards for phenolic quantification. Since not all the standards of the chemicals identified in the O-β-d-glucoside were adequate for quantification of all the chemicals, of which quercetin-3-O-β-d-glucoside was used as standard for quercetin, isorhamnetin and kaempferol. Statistical analyses of the contents were expressed as mean ± standard error of samples from three independent extractions. A significance level of p < 0.05 was considered.Tandem mass spectrometry was operated in positive and negative ESI modes. The mass spectrometer used in phenolic analysis was MS QQQ coupled in LC/MC system . The parameters were as follows: drying gas temperature = 300 °C, drying gas flow = 10 L/min, nebulizer gas (NB. napus improves the quality of rapeseed meal. In this study, a novel yellow-seeded line of B. napus derived from a somatic B. napus–S. alba hybrid was shown to be of greater nutritional value compared with black-seeded rapeseed, that is, yellow-seeded rapeseed meal exhibited more nutrient substances and less antinutrients than black-seeded rapeseed meal. The chemical composition of rapeseed meal, in which proteins are the resources for animal feeding, but the antinutrients influence the actual digestibility and assimilation of the nutrients in rapeseed meal is rather complicated. Thus, further animal feeding experiments using seed meals from both yellow- and black-seeded rapeseeds are necessary to evaluate the actual value of yellow-seeded rapeseed meal.Rapeseed meal is abundant in protein compared with other seed meals, making it optimal for animal feeding. However, antinutrients in rapeseed meal limit its application. Breeding of yellow-seeded


Correction to: BMC Cancer (2018) 18:325https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-018-4261-5Following publication of the original article , the autAdditional file 1:Table S1. Sequences of the qPCR primers used in this study. Table S2. Cell numbers per well used in this study for cell proliferation, cell cycle and immunofluorescent assays. Table S3. KPNA7 silencing efficiencies of the cell lines used in Fig. 1 24 h after siRNA treatment. (DOCX 17 kb)


Correction to: BMC Genomics (2017) 18:693https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-017-3951-8Following the publication of this article , the autFurthermore, in the ‘Availability of data and materials’ declaration the sentence “Supplementary material can be found online at http://www.rna.uni-jena.de/en/supplements/nothobranchius-furzeri-mirnome/“ should now read “Supplementary material can be found online at https://osf.io/25mxb/ (DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/25MXB).”


AbstractScolopsislacrimasp. nov. is described from a single specimen (213.6 mm standard length) collected from Grande-Terre Island, New Caledonia. The new species closely resembles S.meridiana, both species having the upper part of the pectoral-fin base with reddish blotch when fresh, two bands across the top of the snout, a dorsal scaled area on the head reaching anteriorly to between the anterior margin of the eye and anterior nostril, a similar number of lateral-line scales, and absence of a small antrorse spine below the eye. However, S.lacrimasp. nov. is distinguished from S.meridiana by having diagonal lines on the body absent , a dark longitudinal band below the lateral line , the caudal fin central area not patterned , a narrower body and shallower caudal peduncle.The new monocle bream  Scolopsis Cuvier, 1814 is widespread throughout shallow Indo-West Pacific tropical and subtropical waters, some species being marketed in Southeast Asia  recognised as a valid species by The monocle bream genus ast Asia , 2001. TScolopsis, a single specimen from New Caledonia, having a distinctively elongate body and unique colouration, was examined. It is described herein as a new species of Scolopsis.During a taxonomic study of DASMN). Examined specimens of S.meridiana and Scolopsistaenioptera  are listed in Counts and proportional measurements followed Taxon classificationAnimaliaSpariformesNemipteridaehttp://zoobank.org/5AF65765-E484-41A9-ABB2-E88A93034AE5Scolopsistaeniopterus (non Cuvier): Scolopsistaenioptera (non Cuvier): MNHN 2002–2930, 213.6 mm SL, Nouméa, Grande-Terre Island, New Caledonia, 1 Aug 2002, purchased at market by P. Béarez.Scolopsis with the following combination of characters: pectoral-fin rays 17; lateral-line scales 47; no antrorse spine below eye; dorsal scaled area on head reaching anteriorly to between anterior margin of eye and anterior nostril; bony opercular ridge and lower limb of preopercle without scales; 3rd anal-fin spine longer than 2nd anal-fin spine; narrow body, its depth at dorsal, pelvic, and anal fin origins 29.2, 29.5 and 26.6% of SL, respectively; caudal-peduncle depth 10.4% of SL; head length 29.9% of SL; upper part of pectoral-fin base with reddish blotch when fresh; two dark bands across dorsum of snout; body below lateral line with a dark longitudinal band, without diagonal lines; no blotches or lines on central area of caudal fin.A species of st dorsal-fin spine length 6.2; 2nd dorsal-fin spine length 8.5; 3rd dorsal-fin spine length 10.4; 4th dorsal-fin spine length 10.8; 5th dorsal-fin spine length 11.0; 6th dorsal-fin spine length 11.0; 7th dorsal-fin spine length 10.9; 8th dorsal-fin spine length 11.0; 9th dorsal-fin spine length 10.7; 10th dorsal-fin spine length 10.4; longest dorsal-fin soft ray length 16.0; 1st anal-fin spine length 3.9; 2nd anal-fin spine length 7.4; 3rd anal-fin spine length 8.0; anal-fin base length 15.0; pectoral-fin length 21.3; pelvic-fin spine length (measured on right side because the left side damaged) 13.8; longest pelvic-fin soft ray length 24.0.Dorsal-fin rays X, 9; anal-fin rays III, 7; pectoral-fin rays (left / right) 17 / 17; pored lateral-line scales 47; pelvic-fin rays I, 5; scale rows above lateral line 5; scale rows below lateral line 10; gill rakers (upper / lower) 5 / 8; preopercle scale rows (behind eye) 3; preopercle scale rows (below eye) 4. The following morphometrics are expressed as percentages of SL: body depth at dorsal-fin origin 29.2; body depth at pelvic-fin origin 29.5; body depth at anal-fin origin 26.6; body depth at posterior margin of orbit 23.7; body depth at anterior margin of orbit 17.5; pre-dorsal-fin length 32.7; pre-pelvic-fin length 37.9; pectoral-pelvic length 15.4; pre-anus length 61.4; head length 29.9; snout length 11.4; posterior nostril  0.8; posterior nostril  0.8; upper-jaw length 10.7; orbit diameter 7.8; interorbital width 10.0; suborbital depth 5.7; caudal-peduncle length 22.8; caudal-peduncle depth 10.4; dorsal-fin base length 54.1; 1st to 10th dorsal-fin spines, thereafter more steeply to caudal peduncle. Ventral profile of body lowering from lower-jaw tip to anus, thereafter rising to caudal peduncle. Dorsal-fin origin just above posteriormost point of opercle, base extending posterior to posteriormost point of anal-fin base. First to 5th dorsal-fin spines gradually lengthening, 5th to 8th spine lengths similar, 8th to 10th spines gradually shortening. Seventh dorsal-fin soft ray longest. All dorsal-fin soft rays non-filamentous. Uppermost point of pectoral-fin base slightly posterior to posteriormost point of opercle. Lowermost point of pectoral-fin base anterior to pelvic-fin origin. Posterior tip of pectoral fin pointed, reaching to vertical through 7th dorsal-fin spine origin. Pelvic-fin origin posterior to dorsal-fin origin. Posterior tip of depressed pelvic fin reaching anus, not reaching anal-fin origin. Anal-fin origin below 1st dorsal-fin ray origin, ending below 6th dorsal-fin ray origin. First anal-fin spine shortest, 3rd spine longest. Caudal-fin forked, upper lobe longer than lower lobe. Posterior tip of both lobes of caudal fin pointed, non-filamentous. Anus oblong, anterior to anal-fin origin. Eye and pupil round. Lower margin of eye above a line from snout tip to uppermost part of pectoral-fin base. Nostrils round, paired, positioned close together anterior to orbit, anterior nostril with small dermal flap. Snout pointed. Posterior tip of maxilla not reaching to vertical through anterior margin of eye. Distinct suborbital spine posteriorly directed. Small antrorse spine below eye absent. Posterior margins of suborbital and preopercle serrated. Scales ctenoid; both lips, snout, area around eye, and bony opercular ridge and lower limb of preopercle scaleless. Lateral line complete, originating above opercle, extending to central part of caudal-fin base. Both jaws with small conical teeth, forming dense bands. Canine teeth absent. Gill rakers long, slender.Body oblong, rather compressed, deepest at pelvic-fin origin. Dorsal profile rising from snout tip to dorsal-fin origin, lowering slightly between origins of 1Based on colour photograph of holotype  from New Caledonia. The latter two specimens have been reduced to bones and otoliths only. However, fresh colour photographs of both specimens prior to dissection (Fig. S.lacrima.ion Fig.  support Scolopsismeridiana and S.taenioptera are restricted to northern Australia and Southeast Asia, respectively (Fig. Scolopsis with a reddish blotch on the upper part of the pectoral-fin base are allopatrically distributed in the Indo-West Pacific.ely Fig. , probabl