Sepidiini darkling beetles (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Pimeliinae), and their available synonyms. For each name, the author, year, and page number of the description are provided, with additional information  depending on the taxon rank. Verified distributional records (loci typici and data acquired from revisionary publications) for all the species are gathered. Distribution of the subtribes is illustrated and discussed.This catalogue includes all valid family-group (six subtribes), genus-group , and species-group names (1009 species and subspecies) of Phanerotomea Koch, 1958  and Parmularia Koch, 1955  are new synonyms .Several new nomenclatural acts are included. The generic names Ocnodesacuductusacuductus , O.acuductusufipanus , O.adamantinus , O.argenteofasciatus , O.arnoldiarnoldi , O.arnoldisabianus , O.barbosai , O.basilewskyi , O.bellmarleyi , O.benguelensis , O.bertolonii , O.blandus , O.brevicornis , O.brunnescensbrunnescens , O.brunnescensmolestus , O.buccinator , O.bushmanicus , O.carbonarius , O.cardiopterus , O.cataractus , O.cinerarius , O.complanatus , O.confertus , O.congruens , O.cordiventris , O.crocodilinus , O.dimorphus , O.distinctus , O.dolosus , O.dorsocostatus , O.dubiosus , O.ejectus , O.epronoticus , O.erichsoni , O.ferreiraeferreirae , O.ferreiraezulu , O.fettingi , O.fistucans , O.fraternus , O.freyi , O.freudei , O.fulgidus , O.funestus , O.gemmeulus , O.gibberosulus , O.gibbus , O.globosus , O.granisterna , O.granulosicollis , O.gridellii , O.gueriniguerini , O.guerinilawrencii , O.guerinimancus (Koch 1954), O.haemorrhoidalishaemorrhoidalis , O.haemorrhoidalissalubris , O.heydeni , O.humeralis , O.humerangula , O.imbricatus , O.imitatorimitator , O.imitatorinvadens , O.inflatus , O.janssensi , O.javeti , O.junodi , O.kulzeri , O.lacustris , O.laevigatus , O.lanceolatus , O.licitus , O.luctuosus , O.luxurosus , O.maputoensis , O.marginicollis , O.martinsi , O.melleus , O.mendicusestermanni , O.mendicusmendicus , O.miles , O.mimeticus , O.misolampoides , O.mixtus , O.monacha , O.montanus , O.mozambicus , O.muliebriscurtus , O.muliebrismuliebris , O.muliebrissilvestris , O.nervosus , O.notatum , O.notaticollis , O.odorans , O.opacus , O.osbecki , O.overlaeti , O.ovulus , O.pachysomaornata , O.pachysomapachysoma , O.papillosus , O.pedator , O.perlucidus , O.planus , O.pretorianus , O.procursus , O.protectus , O.punctatissimus , O.puncticollis , O.punctipennisplanisculptus , O.punctipennispunctipennis , O.punctipleura , O.rhodesianus , O.roriferus , O.rufipes , O.saltuarius , O.scabricollis , O.scopulipes , O.scrobicollisgriqua , O.scrobicollissimulans , O.semirasus , O.semiscabrum , O.sericicollis , O.similis , O.sjoestedti , O.spatulipes , O.specularis , O.spinigerus , O.stevensoni , O.tarsocnoides , O.temulentus , O.tenebrosusmelanarius , O.tenebrosustenebrosus , O.tibialis , O.torosus , O.transversicollis , O.tumidus , O.umvumanus , O.vagus , O.vaticinus , O.verecundus , O.vetustus , O.vexator , O.virago , O.warmeloi , O.zanzibaricus , Psammophanesantinorii , and P.mirei .The following new combinations are proposed: Ocnodes Fåhraeus, 1870 , Psammodophysis Péringuey, 1899 , and Trachynotidus Péringuey, 1899 .The type species [placed in square brackets] of the following genus-group taxa are designated for the first time, Histrionotusomercooperi Koch, 1955 in order to fix its taxonomic status. Ulamus Kamiński is introduced here as a replacement name for Echinotus Marwick, 1935  (Mollusca: Pteriidae) to avoid homonymy with Echinotus Solier, 1843 (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae).A lectotype is designated for  Sepidiini Eschscholtz, 1829 are a diverse tribe of ground-dwelling darkling beetles (Tenebrionidae) of the subfamily Pimeliinae Latreille, 1802  are commonly known for their tapping behaviour , which accounts for their vernacular name, the “toktokkies” , the largest (~ 80.0 mm) currently known tenebrionid species ,anterior margin of postgenae with a maxillary ridge or emargination ,antennae with eleven segments ,mesocoxae, in vast majority of cases, with visible trochantin  ,large scutellum, extending across entire width of mesothoracic peduncle , andelytral base without vertical articulation face (the pronotum consequently freely movable on scutellum). Doyen (1994) also noted that in many Sepidiini the abdominal-sternal interlocking mechanism is different from all other Pimeliinae with the epipleural edge of the elytron overlapping the expanded sternite edge, rather than dovetailing into a groove.Sepidiini was published by Molurini and Sepidiini. No subtribal classification was proposed. After Gebien’s catalogue (1937a) more than 50 contributions were published on the taxonomy, nomenclature, and classification of today’s Sepidiini (see references). This includes descriptions of more than 400 species, reinterpretation of extremely diverse genera , fusion of the former tribes Molurini and Sepidiini , since their unusual “descriptions” were incorporated in remarks concerning other taxa. Furthermore, the taxonomic affiliation of many genera and species is uncertain because of ambiguous remarks made by the contributors, see notes in the catalogue below.From the strictly formal point of view, the validity of many names introduced after 1937 remained questionable  was used in the original publication  Psammodes Type data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum)Argenticrinishaackei Louw, 1979: 101 Type data. Holotype (British Museum)Psammodesinquinatus Péringuey, 1899: 292 Type data. Syntypes (Cape Museum)Notes.dollmani Penrith, 1986: 64Type data. Holotype (British Museum) and paratype (Ditsong Museum)longantennatus Penrith, 1986: 62Type data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum) and paratype (Windhoek Museum)torridus Penrith, 1986: 62Type data. Holotype (British Museum) and paratypes wittei Penrith, 1986: 66Type data. Holotype (Brussels Museum) and paratypes Type species.Psammodesdebilis Péringuey, 1899 australis Penrith, 1986: 81Type data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum) and paratypes debilis  Psammodes Type data. Lectotype, designated by delicata Penrith, 1986: 77Type data. Holotype (Windhoek Museum) and paratypes insularis  Trachynotidus Type data. Lectotype, designated by oblonga  Sepidium Type data. Holotype oograbiensis Koch, 1962b: 118Type data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum) and paratype (Cape Museum)serratina Koch, 1962b: 119Type data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum) and paratypes vaga  Trachynotidus Type data. Lectotype, designated by Type species.Hypomelusbicolor Solier, 1843 ; syn. of Helopsperonatus Germar, 1823Notes. Interpreted as a subgenus of Psammodes for a long time .basalis  Psammodes Type data. Holotype (Munich Museum – Haag-Rutenberg coll.)Note. A detailed morphological description was provided by inaequalis Solier, 1843: 98Type data. Holotype (Torino Museum – Spinola coll.)Hypomelusflagrans Péringuey, 1899: 273 = Psammodesdentipennis= Type data. Holotype (Cape Museum)interstitialis  Psammodes Type data. Holotype (Munich Museum – Haag-Rutenberg coll.)Note. A detailed morphological description was provided by obliquatus Solier, 1843: 97Type data. Holotype (Geneva Museum – Gory collection)Hypomelussabulosus Solier, 1843: 308 Type data. Syntypes Oxurapsammodioides Guérin-Méneville, 1834: 20 Type data. Holotype (Munich Museum – Haag-Rutenberg coll.)Notes. A detailed morphological description was provided by reflexus  Psammodes Type data. Holotype (Munich Museum – Haag-Rutenberg coll.)Notes. A detailed morphological description was provided by servus Péringuey, 1899: 294Type data. Syntypes (Cape Museum)setosocostatus  Psammodes Type data. Syntypes (Munich Museum – Haag-Rutenberg coll.)Notes. A detailed morphological description was provided by villosocostatus Solier, 1843: 98Type data. Holotype (Torino Museum – Spinola coll.)vulpinus  Psammodes Psammodeshirtipennis Haag-Rutenberg, 1871b: 92 = Type data. Holotype (Munich Museum)Type species.Iugidorsumcumstriis Louw, 1979 cumstriiscumstriis Louw, 1979: 106Type data. Holotype (Windhoek Museum) and paratypes (Windhoek Museum and Ditsong Museum)cumstriismagnum Louw, 1979: 106Type data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum) and paratype (Windhoek Museum)cumstriisprominens Louw, 1979: 106Type data. Holotype and paratypes (Ditsong Museum)sinestriis Louw, 1979: 107Type data. Holotype and paratype (Windhoek Museum)Type species.Sulcipectuslevis Louw, 1979 cumcavus Louw, 1979: 113Type data. Holotype and paratypes (Windhoek Museum)levis Louw, 1979: 110Type data. Holotype and paratypes (Windhoek Museum)Type species.Psammodesthoreyi Haag-Rutenberg, 1871 (here designated)Clinocranionalstoni Péringuey, 1885 and Psammodesthoreyi Haag-Rutenberg, 1871 as type species. According to the regulations of Psammodesthoreyi Haag-Rutenberg, 1871 is hereby designated as a type species of the genus Trachynotidus.Notes. In 1904, Péringuey described a new species named damarinus under “Gen. Trachynotideus Péring”. The spelling “Trachynotideus” was generally treated as an incorrect subsequent spelling of Trachynotidus by subsequent authors  Clinocranion Type data. Holotype (Cape Museum)angulicollis  Psammodes Type data. Holotype (Naturhistoriska riksmuseet)Notes. A detailed morphological description was provided by cognatus Péringuey, 1899: 297Type data. Holotype (Cape Museum)cruentus Péringuey, 1908: 411Type data. Syntypes (Cape Museum)eximius Péringuey, 1899: 298Type data. Syntypes gravis rufozonatus  Trachynotus Type data. Holotype (Paris Museum)Trachynotidusmanifestus Péringuey, 1899: 297 Type data. Syntypes (Munich Museum – Haag-Rutenberg coll.)Type species.Triangulipennalacuna Louw, 1979 lacuna Louw, 1979: 115Type data. Holotype (Cape Museum) and paratypes Type species.Uniungulumhoeschi Koch, 1962 hoeschi Koch, 1962b: 114Type data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum) and paratypes Type genus.Moluris Latreille, 1802Taxonomic diversity. : Amiantus (15 sp.), Arturium (16), Brachyphrynus (11), Dichtha (5), Distretus (22), Euphrynus (4), Glyptophrynus (8), Melanolophus (11), Moluris (15), Phrynocolus (14), Phrynophanes (13), Physophrynus (8), Psammodes (169), Psammophanes (63), Psammotyria (8).Distribution. With exception of western Africa, widely distributed in the Afrotropical Realm. Glyptophrynus is the only Malagasy representative of the whole tribe connexus Haag-Rutenberg, 1871a: 49Type data. Syntypes (British Museum)costipennis Kolbe, 1886: 292Type data. Holotype (Berlin Museum)decemcostatus  Phrynocolus Type data. Syntypes (British Museum)Notes.Melanolophusater Waterhouse, 1885 and M.tenuecostatus Gebien, 1910. However, this view was not accepted by auriculatus  Phrynocolus Type data. Holotype (Basel Museum)benanum  Phrynocolus Type data. Holotype (Basel Museum)crispatus  Phrynocolus Type data. Syntypes (Paris Museum)Phrynocolusundatocostatus Kolbe, 1891: 30 Type data. Holotype (Berlin Museum)fulleborni  Phrynocolus Type data. Holotype (Berlin Museum)gebieni  Phrynocolus Type data. Holotype (Basel Museum)glauningi  Phrynocolus Type data. Holotype (Berlin Museum)methneri  Phrynocolus Type data. Holotype (Basel Museum)parvulus  Phrynocolus Type data. Holotype (Genoa Museum)pretiosum  Phrynocolus Type data. Holotype (Basel Museum)tenuecostatus  Phrynocolus Type data. Syntypes undaticostis  Phrynocolus Type data. Holotype (Paris Museum)wembericum  Phrynocolus Type data. Holotype (Berlin Museum)Type species.Brachyphrynusspissicornis Fairmaire, 1882 (by monotypy)abyssinicusabyssinicus  Phrynocolus Type data. Syntypes Notes. Treated as a synonym of Psammophanescatenatus  by abyssinicusbreuningi Kaszab, 1963: 348Type data. Holotype (Tervuren Museum) and paratypes gallanus  Phrynocolus Type data. Holotype (Berlin Museum)kuntzeni  Phrynocolus Type data. Syntypes (Basel Museum)petrosuserlangeri  Phrynocolus Type data. Syntypes (Basel Museum)petrosuspetrosus  Phrynocolus Type data. Holotype (Berlin Museum)Phrynocolusikutanus Fairmaire, 1897: 113 Type data. Holotype (Geneva Museum)somalicus  Phrynocolus Type data. Syntypes (Basel Museum)spissicornis Fairmaire, 1882a: 72Type data. Holotype (Paris Museum)subnodosus  Phrynocolus Type data. Holotype (Trieste Museum) and paratype (Basel Museum)wachei  Phrynocolus Type data. Syntypes (Basel Museum)Type species.Cryptogeniusinflatus Gerstacker, 1854 Notes. “Dichtha incantatoris / incantatoria Koch, 1952” is considered here as a nomen nudum, since no published record of this species-group name was found during the present work.cubica  Moluris Type data. Holotype (Paris Museum)inflata  Cryptogenius Type data. Syntypes (Berlin Museum)modesta Robiche, 2013: 159Type data. Holotype (Paris Museum) and paratypes transvalica Brancsik, 1914: 65Type data. Syntypes (Budapest Museum)quedenfeldti Kolbe, 1886: 293Type data. Syntypes (Berlin Museum)Type species.Molurisamplipennis Fåhraeus, 1870  Moluris Type data. Syntypes (Naturhistoriska riksmuseet)dissociatus  Psammodes Type data. Holotype (Cape Museum)fahraei Haag-Rutenberg, 1871a: 43Type data. Holotype (Naturhistoriska riksmuseet)inaequalis Fairmaire, 1894: 320Type data. Holotype (Basel Museum)mashunus  Amiantus Type data. Holotype (Cape Museum)undosus Kolbe, 1886: 291Type data. Syntypes (Berlin Museum)undatus  Amiantus Type data. Syntypes variabilis Gebien, 1910a: 153Type data. Syntypes variolosus  Moluris Type data. Holotype (Warsaw Museum – Dohrn coll.)Molurispilicornis Fåhraeus, 1870: 263 Type data. Holotype (Cape Museum)Type species.Distretus (Perdistretus) vilhenai Koch, 1953 acutecostatus  Dichtha Type data. Syntypes angolanus Koch, 1953b: 72Type data. Holotype (Cape Museum)angustipennis Péringuey, 1892: 52Type data. Holotype (Cape Museum)Notes. Considered as a synonym of Perdistretusacutecostatus Fairmaire, 1888b by Distretus, not in prevailing usage.Originally described in combination with the generic name “Dichtrethus”, which is treated as an incorrect subsequent spelling of auritus Koch, 1953b: 73Type data. Holotype (Munich Museum)duartei Koch, 1953b: 70Type data. Holotype (Munich Museum) and paratypes gracilis Gebien, 1910a: 152Type data. Syntypes (Tervuren Museum)mormolyce Koch, 1953b: 68Type data. Holotype (Munich Museum) and paratype seminitidus Quedenfeldt, 1888: 184Type data. Holotype (Berlin Museum)strioliceps Koch, 1953b: 71Type data. Holotype (Munich Museum)schoutedeni Koch, 1954a: 435Type data. Holotype (Tervuren Museum) and paratypes upembensis Koch, 1954a: 437Type data. Holotype  and paratypes vilhenai Koch, 1953b: 65Type data. Holotype (Dundo Museum) and paratype Type species.Euphrynusspinithorax Fairmaire, 1897 (by monotypy)carinatus  Amiantus Type data. Holotype (Naturhistoriska riksmuseet)Amiantuscostatus Péringuey, 1896: 168 Type data. Syntypes madecassuspauliani Koch, 1962a: 15Type data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum) and paratypes ovipennisovipennis  Phrynocolus Type data. Syntypes (Paris Museum)ovipennisserricostatus Koch, 1962a: 17Type data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum)tenuesculptuscrassigranulatus Wilke, 1921: 174Type data. Syntypes (Berlin Museum)tenuesculptustenuesculptus Fairmaire, 1899b: 532Type data. Syntypes voeltzkowi Wilke, 1921: 174Type data. Syntypes (Berlin Museum)Type species.Melanolophusseptemcostatus Fairmaire, 1882 (by monotypy)Notes. Treated as a synonym of Amiantus by several authors  and paratypes lomianus Koch, 1956: 173Type data. Holotype (Trieste Museum) and paratypes pictetipicteti  Amiantus Type data. Holotype (Geneva Museum)pictetiseptemcostatus Fairmaire, 1882a: 70Type data. Holotype (Basel Museum)Notes. Synonymised with the nominotypical form by pictetisplendidusType data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum)praeplanatus Koch, 1960: 261Type data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum)sexcostatusbenardellii Koch, 1960: 258Type data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum) and paratypes sexcostatusgibbithorax Koch, 1956: 175Type data. Holotype (Trieste Museum) and paratypes sexcostatushellardi Koch, 1960: 258Type data. Holotype and paratype (Ditsong Museum)sexcostatussexcostatus  Amiantus Type data. Holotype (British Museum)sexcostatustuberculatus Koch, 1960: 258Type data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum) and paratypes Type species.Tenebriogibbus Pallas, 1781 (by monotypy)Physodera Solier, 1843: 78 = Type species.Pimeliagibba Fabricius, 1787 chevrolati Haag-Rutenberg, 1871a: 52Type data. Holotype (Paris Museum)discoidea Guérin-Méneville, 1845: 286Type data. Holotype (Paris Museum)Notes. According to Distretus.ferrari Haag-Rutenberg, 1871a: 55Type data. Holotype (Vienna Museum)gibba  Tenebrio Type data. Syntypes Pimeliaplanata Thunberg, 1787: 49 = Type data. Syntypes Pimeliabistriata Herbst, 1799: 50 Type data. Syntypes Opatrumgibbosum Thunberg, 1821: 33 = Type data. Holotype (Berlin Museum)nitida Haag-Rutenberg, 1871a: 52Type data. Syntypes (Brussels Museum)pseudonitida Péringuey, 1908: 406Type data. Holotype (Cape Museum)redtenbacheri Haag-Rutenberg, 1871a: 56Type data. Holotype (Vienna Museum)rustica Haag-Rutenberg, 1871a: 54Type data. Holotype (Naturhistoriska riksmuseet)semiscabra Solier, 1843: 81Type data. Holotype (Torino Museum – Spinola coll.)strigosa  Pimelia Type data. Syntypes (Berlin Museum)Molurisrouleti Solier, 1843: 80 Type data. Holotype (Berlin Museum)denhardtifractus Koch, 1969: 13Type data. Holotype (Munich Museum)denhardtihumeralis Koch, 1969: 12Type data. Holotype (Geneva Museum)desaegeri Koch, 1969: 15Type data. Holotype (Brussels Museum) and paratypes frondosus Gerstaecker, 1871: 59 Type data. Holotype (Cape Museum)transversus Fairmaire, 1887: 183 Type data. Holotype (Paris Museum)subfrondosus Wilke, 1921: 166 Type data. Syntypes Cryptogenius Solier, 1843: 37 = Type species.Cryptogeniusdentatus Solier, 1843 dentatus  Cryptogenius Type data. Syntypes felinus Koch, 1951: 89Type data. Holotype (Paris Museum) and paratypes (Basel Museum)spinolaispinolai  Cryptogenius Type data. Holotype (Warsaw Museum – Dupont collection)Notes.Phrynocolusniloticus Haag-Rutenberg, 1871a: 38 Type data. Holotype (Geneva Museum)cryptisculptus Koch, 1969: 4Type data. Holotype (Munich Museum)discoideus  Phrynocolus Type data. Holotype (Paris Museum)gredleri  Moluris Type data. Holotype (Munich Museum – Haag-Rutenberg coll.)Phrynocolusunicarinatus Wilke, 1921: 170 Type data. Holotype (Berlin Museum)lateritius  Phrynocolus Type data. Syntypes neumanni  Phrynocolus Type data. Holotype (Basel Museum)reticulatus Wilke, 1921: 169Type data. Syntypes schereri Koch, 1969: 20Type data. Holotype (Munich Museum)scortecii Koch, 1969: 19Type data. Holotype (Geneva Museum)schoutedeni  Phrynocolus Type data. Holotype (Brussels Museum) and paratypes squamifergridellianus Koch, 1960: 262Type data. Holotype and paratype (Ditsong Museum)squamifersquamifer  Psammodes Type data. Syntypes Type species.Physophrynusburdoi Fairmaire, 1882 (by monotypy)bufo  Amiantus Type data. Holotype (Warsaw Museum – Dohrn coll.)Amiantusreichardi Kolbe, 1886: 228 Type data. Holotype (Fairmaire collection)haroldi  Amiantus Type data. Syntypes kaszabi Koch, 1953a: 176Type data. Holotype (Budapest Museum)manicanus  Amiantus Type data. Holotype (Cape Museum)revoili Fairmaire, 1887: 182Type data. Holotype (Paris Museum)Type species.Psammodeslongicornis Kirby, 1819 (by monotypy)Piesomera Solier, 1843: 77 = Type species.Psammodescaffra Fåhraeus, 1870 (by monotypy)Notes. Originally described as a monotypic subgenus of Psammodes. Interpreted here as a synonym of the nominal form, as sustaining a weakly defined and monotypic subgenus within present Psammodes seems to be unjustified.algoensis Péringuey, 1899: 275Type data. Holotype (Cape Museum)asperulipennis Fairmaire, 1888: 193Type data. Holotype (Paris Museum)atratus Haag-Rutenberg, 1871a: 73, in keyType data. Syntypes Notes. A detailed morphological description was provided by basuto Koch, 1953c: 7Type data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum) and paratypes barbatus Fåhraeus, 1870: 268Type data. Holotype (Naturhistoriska riksmuseet)Psammodespraeliator Péringuey, 1899: 272 Type data. Syntypes (Paris Museum)brunneusrufocastaneus Haag-Rutenberg, 1871b: 42Type data. Holotype (Munich Museum – Haag-Rutenberg coll.)brunnipes Haag-Rutenberg, 1871a: 72, in keyType data. Holotype (Munich Museum – Haag-Rutenberg coll.)Notes. A detailed morphological description was provided by caelatus Péringuey, 1899: 281Type data. Syntypes (Cape Museum)caffra Fåhraeus, 1870: 265Type data. Holotype (Naturhistoriska riksmuseet)caraboides Haag-Rutenberg, 1871a: 69, in keyType data. Syntypes Notes. A detailed morphological description was provided by carinatus Haag-Rutenberg, 1871a: 103Type data. Syntypes (Berlin Museum)clarus Haag-Rutenberg, 1873: 76Type data. Holotype (Munich Museum – Haag-Rutenberg coll.)collaris Haag-Rutenberg, 1871b: 101Type data. Holotype (Berlin Museum)coloratus Haag-Rutenberg, 1871a: 71, in keyType data. Holotype (Berlin Museum)Notes. A detailed morphological description was provided by comatus Haag-Rutenberg, 1871a: 106Type data. Holotype (Munich Museum – Haag-Rutenberg coll.)comptus Haag-Rutenberg, 1871a: 109Type data. Holotype (Munich Museum – Haag-Rutenberg coll.)convexus  Phanerotoma Type data. Holotype (Paris Museum)coriaceus  Phanerotoma Type data. Syntypes (Berlin Museum)Psammodesmanifestus= Type data. Holotype (Cape Museum)costalis Haag-Rutenberg, 1871a: 97Type data. Syntypes dejeani  Moluris Type data. Holotype (Paris Museum)depressicollis Haag-Rutenberg, 1871a: 72, in keyType data. Syntypes (British Museum)Notes. A detailed morphological description was provided by devexus Fåhraeus, 1870: 266Type data. Holotype (Cape Museum)diabolicusdiabolicus Koch, 1952: 335Type data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum) and paratype diabolicustactilis Koch, 1962b: 123Type data. Holotype and paratype (Ditsong Museum)difficilis Haag-Rutenberg, 1871a: 73, in keyType data. Syntypes Notes. A detailed morphological description was provided by dilutus Haag-Rutenberg, 1871a: 64, in keyType data. Holotype (Warsaw Museum – Dohrn coll.)Notes. A detailed morphological description was provided by dimidiatus Haag-Rutenberg, 1871a: 71, in keyType data. Syntypes Notes. A detailed morphological description was provided by discrepans Péringuey, 1904: 230Type data. Holotype (Cape Museum)dohrni Haag-Rutenberg, 1871a: 67, in keyType data. Holotype (Munich Museum – Haag-Rutenberg coll.)Notes. A detailed morphological description was provided by eberlanzi Koch, 1952: 337Type data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum)and paratypes egregius Haag-Rutenberg, 1871a: 74Type data. Syntypes (Munich Museum – Haag-Rutenberg coll.)ethologus Koch, 1953c: 10Type data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum) and paratype (Durban Museum)expletus Quedenfeldt, 1885: 4Type data. Syntypes (Berlin Museum)Notes. Type specimens of this species were unknown to Ocnodes.fartus Péringuey, 1904: 232Type data. Holotype (Cape Museum)Psammodesillotus Péringuey, 1904: 233 Type data. Holotype (Paris Museum)gibbusgibbus  Tenebrio Type data. Lectotype, designated by Ferrer and Holson (2009) (Naturhistoriska riksmuseet)Pimeliastriata Fabricius, 1775: 251 [syn. by Ferrer and Holson (2009: 34)]= Type data. Syntypes Tenebrioglandiformis Pallas, 1781: 45 = Type data. Syntypes gibbusgravidus  Moluris Type data. Syntypes (Paris Museum)gibbushemisphaericus  Moluris Type data. Holotype (Paris Museum)gibbusnigrocostatus Haag-Rutenberg, 1871a: 85Type data. Syntypes (Munich Museum)gibbussolieri Gebien, 1910b: 161, replacement nameMolurisunicolor Solier, 1843: 64 .= Type data. (Warsaw Museum – Dupont collection)gibbusunicolor  Pimelia Type data. Syntypes glaber Koch, 1953c: 10Type data. Holotype (Lund University) and paratypes glabratusbienus Koch, 1953b: 77Type data. Holotype (Munich Museum)glabratusglabratus Harold, 1878: 106Type data. Holotype (Berlin Museum)grandis  Phanerotoma Type data. Holotype (Paris Museum)Psammodeslugubris Fåhraeus, 1870: 269 Type data. Holotype (Paris Museum)granulifer Haag-Rutenberg, 1871b: 54Type data. Syntypes (Geneva Museum)guillarmodi Koch, 1952: 340Type data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum)haagi Gebien, 1910b: 156, replacement namePsammodesobliteratus Haag-Rutenberg, 1871a: 103 = Type data. Holotype (Munich Museum)hirtipennis Haag-Rutenberg, 1871a: 105Type data. Holotype (Munich Museum – Haag-Rutenberg coll.)hirtipes  Moluris Type data. Holotype (Paris Museum)Molurisreichei Solier, 1843: 67 Type data. Holotype (Bologna Museum)herculeanus Haag-Rutenberg, 1871a: 68, in keyType data. Syntypes (Naturhistoriska riksmuseet)Notes. A detailed morphological description was provided by herero Péringuey, 1908: 409Type data. Holotype (Cape Museum)hottentottus Péringuey, 1899: 267Type data. Holotype (Cape Museum)incongruens Péringuey, 1899: 281Type data. Syntypes (Cape Museum)infernalis Harold, 1878: 106Type data. Syntypes (Munich Museum)intermedius Péringuey, 1899: 272Type data. Holotype (Cape Museum)janitor Koch, 1953c: 11Type data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum) and paratypes kamagasus Péringuey, 1908: 409Type data. Holotype (Cape Museum)kirschi Haag-Rutenberg, 1871b: 102Type data. Holotype (Munich Museum – Haag-Rutenberg coll.)kubub Péringuey, 1908: 408Type data. Syntypes (Cape Museum)kuisip Péringuey, 1908: 504Type data. Holotype (Cape Museum)Notes. Originally described under the name Psammodestuberculifer . However, in erratum (page: 504), renamed kuisip.lanuginosus Haag-Rutenberg, 1871a: 105Type data. Holotype (Warsaw Museum – Dohrn coll.)lethargicus Péringuey, 1899: 284Type data. Holotype (Cape Museum)laevicollis  Moluris Type data. Holotype (Paris Museum)longicornis Kirby, 1819: 480Type data. Syntypes (British Museum)Phanerotomaruficore Solier, 1843: 86 Type data. Holotype (Paris Museum)nitidissimus Haag-Rutenberg, 1871a: 92Type data. Holotype (Warsaw Museum – Dohrn coll.)obsulcatus Haag-Rutenberg, 1871a: 72, in keyType data. Holotype (Geneva Museum)Notes. A detailed morphological description was provided by ovatus  Phanerotoma Type data. Holotype (Paris Museum)ovipennis Haag-Rutenberg, 1871a: 102Type data. Holotype (Warsaw Museum – Dohrn coll.)perfidus Péringuey, 1899: 283Type data. Holotype (Cape Museum)piceus Haag-Rutenberg, 1871a: 67, in keyType data. Syntype (Geneva Museum)Notes. A detailed morphological description was provided by pilifer Haag-Rutenberg, 1871a: 69, in keyType data. Holotype (British Museum – Bates coll.)Notes. A detailed morphological description was provided by pilosellus Haag-Rutenberg, 1875: 71Type data. Syntypes (British Museum – Bates coll.)pilosipennis Haag-Rutenberg, 1871a: 89Type data. Holotype (Munich Museum – Haag-Rutenberg coll.)pilosus  Pimelia Type data. Syntypes pinguis  Moluris Type data. Holotype (Paris Museum)Psammodesrotundipennis Péringuey, 1899: 268 Type data. Holotype (Marseille Museum)plicipennis Gemminger, 1870: 1899, replacement namePhanerotomaplicatus Solier, 1844: 299 = Type data. Holotype (Paris Museum)ponderosus Fåhraeus, 1870: 264Type data. Syntypes probes  Psammodophysis Type data. Holotype (Cape Museum)procerus  Hypomelus Type data. Holotype (Naturhistoriska riksmuseet)procustes  Moluris Type data. Holotype (Oxford University – Westwood coll.)Psammodesgiganteus Haag-Rutenberg, 1879: 290 Type data. Holotype (Paris Museum)pustulifer Haag-Rutenberg, 1871a: 71, in keyType data. Syntypes (Naturhistoriska riksmuseet)Notes. A detailed morphological description was provided by quadricostatus  Hypomelus Type data. Syntypes (Naturhistoriska riksmuseet)raucus Haag-Rutenberg, 1875: 159Type data. Syntypes (Munich Museum – Haag-Rutenberg coll.)refleximargo  Trachynotidus Type data. Holotype (Hamburg University – Michaelsen coll.)retrospinosus Haag-Rutenberg, 1871a: 61, in keyType data. Syntypes Notes. A detailed morphological description was provided by rotundicollis Haag-Rutenberg, 1871b: 69Type data. Holotype (Munich Museum – Haag-Rutenberg coll.)rufofasciatus Haag-Rutenberg, 1871a: 96Type data. Syntypes rufonervosus Haag-Rutenberg, 1871a: 96Type data. Holotype (Munich Museum – Haag-Rutenberg coll.)rufostriatus Haag-Rutenberg, 1875: 70Type data. Syntypes rugulosipennis Haag-Rutenberg, 1871a: 98Type data. Syntypes (Munich Museum – Haag-Rutenberg coll.)rugulosus  Phanerotomea Type data. Holotype (Paris Museum)Psammodesexilis Péringuey, 1899: 280 Type data. Holotype (British Museum)scabratusscabratus  Moluris Type data. Holotype (Warsaw Museum – Dupont collection)scabratusgariepinus Koch, 1953c: 5Type data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum) and paratypes scabriusculus Haag-Rutenberg, 1871a: 98Type data. Syntypes (Brussels Museum)schultzei Peinguey, 1908: 408Type data. Holotype (Cape Museum)segnis Haag-Rutenberg, 1871a: 71, in keyType data. Syntypes (Vienna Museum)Notes. A detailed morphological description was provided by sellatussellatus Haag-Rutenberg, 1875: 72Type data. Syntypes (Munich Museum – Haag-Rutenberg coll.)sellatusuriai Koch, 1953b: 75Type data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum)semipilosus Haag-Rutenberg, 1871a: 80Type data. Syntypes (Geneva Museum)Psammodesapproximans Péringuey, 1899: 270 Type data. Holotype (British Museum)subgranulatus Haag-Rutenberg, 1871a: 78Type data. Syntypes tenuipes  Hypomelus Type data. Holotype (Cape Museum)timarchoides Haag-Rutenberg, 1871a: 79Type data. Holotype (Munich Museum – Haag-Rutenberg coll.)togatus Koch, 1953c: 10Type data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum) and paratypes tomentosus  Moluris Type data. Holotype (Paris Museum)trachysceloides Haag-Rutenberg, 1871a: 72, in keyType data. Syntypes Notes. A detailed morphological description was provided by transvaalensis Haag-Rutenberg, 1875: 81Type data. Syntypes Psammodeslaetulus Péringuey, 1899: 278 Type data. Syntypes (Naturhistoriska riksmuseet)Psammodesmendax Péringuey, 1899: 283 Type data. Syntypes (Oxford University – Burchell coll.)Molurispierreti Amyot, 1835: 129 Type data. Holotype (Paris Museum)volvulus Haag-Rutenberg, 1871a: 68, in keyType data. Holotype (Naturhistoriska riksmuseet)Notes. A detailed morphological description was provided by Psammodesadventitus Péringuey, 1899: 299 =Type data. Holotype (Cape Museum)zschokkei Koch, 1953b: 84Type data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum) and paratypes Type species.Moluriscatenata Reiche, 1850 Notes. Originally described as a subgenus of Psammodes, and elevated to the generic level by Type species.Psammodesacuticosta Fairmaire, 1884 acuticosta  Psammodes Type data. Syntypes lomii  Psammodes Type data. Syntypes (Trieste Museum)Type species.Moluriscatenata Reiche, 1850 angulicauda  Psammodes Type data. Syntypes (Paris Museum)antinorii  Psammodes comb. n.Type data. Syntypes (Trieste Museum)Notes. This species was unknown to Psammophanes based on its close affiliation to raffrayi  Psammodes Type data. Holotype (Vienna Museum) and paratype (Monaco Museum)beccariisudanicus Koch, 1953a: 169Type data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum) and paratypes borosi Koch, 1953a: 173Type data. Holotype (Brussels Museum) and paratypes castanopterus  Amiantus Type data. Holotype (Paris Museum)Psammodesabyssinicus Haag-Rutenberg, 1871b: 32 Type data. Syntypes (Paris Museum)Notes. Originally described as a subspecies of catenatus; status elevated by granuliger Koch, 1953a: 160Type data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum) and paratypes gridelliigridellii Koch, 1953a: 164Type data. Holotype (Munich Museum)gridelliimicrosetosus Koch, 1953a: 165Type data. Holotype (Munich Museum)gurannicus  Psammodes Type data. Holotype (Paris Museum)impressiventris  Psammodes Type data. Holotype (Basel Museum)kilimandjarus Koch, 1953a: 174Type data. Holotype (Paris Museum) and paratypes (Munich Museum)leakeyi Koch, 1953a: 171Type data. Holotype (Kenya Museum) and paratypes (Ditsong Museum)mirei  Psammodes comb. n.Notes. Originally described as Psammodes (Psammophanes) mirei. According to the original description, this species is allied to Psammophanes (Psammophanes) naivashanus . Based on this information, P.mirei is hereby included within subgenus Psammophanes.Type data. Holotype and paratypes (Paris Museum)nairobiensis Koch, 1953a: 173Type data. Holotype (Royan Brussels) and paratypes naivashanus  Psammodes Type data. Syntypes pilosiusculusecostatus  Psammodes Type data. Syntypes (Paris Museum)pilosiusculuspilosiusculus  Psammodes Type data. Holotype (Munich Museum) and paratypes pilosiusculusruandanus Koch, 1953a: 168Type data. Holotype (Tervuren Museum)plicatoides Koch, 1953a: 164Type data. Holotype and paratype (Kenya Museum)plicatusaethiopicus Koch, 1953a: 162Type data. Holotype (Munich Museum)plicatusmultilineatus Koch, 1953a: 161Type data. Holotype (Kenya Museum) and paratypes plicatusplicatus  Phrynocolus Type data. Syntypes (Berlin Museum)plicatussulcatus praetenuispraetenuis Koch, 1953a: 163Type data. Holotype (Munich Museum) and paratypes praetenuissubtomentosus Koch, 1953a: 163Type data. Holotype (Munich Museum) and paratypes pyriformis  Psammodes Type data. Syntypes (Trieste Museum)raffrayipseudocatenatus Koch, 1953a: 167Type data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum) and paratypes raffrayiraffrayi  Psammodes Type data. Syntypes (Paris Museum)rubrolineatus  Psammodes Type data. Syntypes (Basel Museum)sexcostatus  Phrynocolus Type data. Holotype (Berlin Museum)somalicus Koch, 1953a: 158Type data. Holotype (Munich Museum) and paratype (Disong Museum)terrenuscrassecostatus Koch, 1953a: 175Type data. Holotype (Tervuren Museum) and paratypes terrenusrugilineatus Koch, 1953a: 176Type data. Holotype (Tervuren Museum) and paratypes terrenusterrenus  Psammodes Type data. Holotype (Paris Museum)vagecostatus  Psammodes Type data. Syntypes (Berlin Museum)Type species.Psammophanes (Psammophrynus) jokli Koch, 1953 jokli Koch, 1953a: 152Type data. Holotype (Brussels Museum) and paratypes penicillatuspenicillatus Koch, 1953a: 153Type data. Holotype (Tervuren Museum)penicillatuspiacatus Koch, 1953a: 154Type data. Holotype (Tervuren Museum)poccilator Koch, 1953a: 153Type data. Holotype (Tervuren Museum)Type species.Psammodesbisbicostatus Gebien, 1910 bisbicostatusbisbicostatus  Psammodes Type data. Syntypes bisbicostatusleleupi Koch, 1953a: 148Type data. Holotype (Brussels Museum) and paratypes circumscriptus Koch, 1953a: 151Type data. Holotype (Cape Museum) and paratypes erectepilosuserectepilosus Koch, 1953a: 150Type data. Holotype (Tervuren Museum) and paratypes erectepilosustanganyikanus Koch, 1953a: 150Type data. Holotype (Munchen Museum)maculicollis Koch, 1953a: 150Type data. Holotype (Brussels Museum) and paratypes neavei  Psammodes Type data. Syntypes punctipilus Koch, 1953a: 149Type data. Holotype (Brussels Museum) and paratype (Tervuren Museum)prosodoides  Psammodes Type data. Syntypes Type species.Psammophanes (Psammotyriopsis) bredoi Koch, 1953 bredoi Koch, 1953a: 144Type data. Holotype (Budapest Museum) and paratype Type species.Psammodesgracilentus Fairmaire, 1882 ahlmedoensis Koch, 1969: 31Type data. Holotype and paratypes (Munich Museum)arabicus  Psammodes Type data. Syntypes (Hamburg University)benardellii Koch, 1965: 126Type data. Holotype (Milan Museum)gracilentus  Psammodes Type data. Syntypes (Paris Museum)hemmingi Koch, 1969: 25Type data. Holotype (Munich Museum) and paratypes (Ditsong Museum)nogalus Koch, 1962c: 242Type data. Holotype (Milan Museum)Type species.Psammodesertli Kolbe, 1904 Notes. Originally described as a subgenus of Psammodes. Elevated to generic level by attenuatusattenuatus  Moluris Type data. Holotype (Paris Museum)Moluristentyrioides Fairmaire, 1891a: 249 Type data. Syntypes ertliertli  Psammodes Type data. Syntypes ertlipunctativentris  Psammodes Type data. Holotype (Budapest Museum)ertlispinosocostatus  Psammodes Type data. Syntypes (Berlin Museum)lateridenslateridens  Moluris Type data. Holotype (Paris Museum)lateridensnyassicus  Psammodes Type data. Holotype (Budapest Museum)quadriplicatus  Psammodes Psammodesquadricostatus Fairmaire, 1891b: CCXCIII = Type data. Holotype (Paris Museum)Type genus.Oxura Kirby, 1819Taxonomic diversity. : Decoriplus (11 ssp.), Miripronotum (1), Namibomodes (4), Oxura (9), Palpomodes (4), Pterostichula (17), Stenethmus (11), Synhimba (6).Distribution. The majority of species were described from Namibia. A small number of species of Stenethmus were described from the northern part of Tanzania, while some species of Decoriplus from Central Africa aequabilis Louw, 1979: 125Type data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum) and paratypes (Ditsong Museum and Windhoek Museum)clavus Louw, 1979: 126Type data. Holotype and paratypes (Ditsong Museum)convexus Louw, 1979: 127Type data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum)costimargo Louw, 1979: 128Type data. Holotype (Windhoek Museum) and paratypes discicollis Louw, 1979: 130Type data. Holotype and paratype (Ditsong Museum)granulimargo Louw, 1979: 131Type data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum) and paratypes hamatus Louw, 1979: 133Type data. Holotype (British Museum) and paratypes aequabilishieroglyphicus  Psammodes Type data. Lectotype, designated by Notes.A detailed morphological description was provided by humerus Louw, 1979: 136Type data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum) and paratypes pictus  Psammodes Notes. A detailed morphological description was provided by Type data. Holotype (Naturhistoriska riksmuseet)striatulus Louw, 1979: 138Type data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum) and paratypes Type species.Miripronotumprominoculatum Louw, 1979 prominoculatum Louw, 1979: 119Type data. Holotype and paratypes (Windhoek Museum)Type species.Psammodesserrimargo Gebien, 1938 maculicollis Koch, 1962b: 111Type data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum) and paratypes rubra Koch, 1962b: 112Type data. Holotype and paratype (Ditsong Museum)serrimargo  Psammodes Type data. Syntypes zarcoi Koch, 1962b: 110Type data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum) and paratypes Type species.Oxurasetosa Kirby, 1819 (by monotypy)Oxyura Agassiz, 1846: 267 = Type species.Oxurasetosa Kirby, 1819 (by monotypy)Notes. Unjustified emendation of Oxura Kirby, 1819.connexa  Psammodes Type data. Holotype (Paris Museum) and paratypes Notes. A detailed morphological description was provided by femoralis Haag-Rutenberg, 1871b: 111Type data. Lectotype, designated by margoabsolutamargoabsoluta Louw, 1979: 164Type data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum) and paratypes margoabsolutapuncticollis Louw, 1979: 165Type data. Holotype (Windhoek Museum) and paratypes punctipennis Haag-Rutenberg, 1871b: 111Type data. Lectotype, designated by rufotibiatarufotibiata Louw, 1979: 167Type data. Holotype (Windhoek Museum) and paratypes (Ditsong Museum and Windhoek Museum)rufotibiataplanipennata Louw, 1979: 168Type data. Holotype and paratypes (Windhoek Museum)setosa Kirby, 1819: 414Type data. Lectotype, designated by vestita Solier, 1843: 119Type data. Holotype (Torino Museum)Type species.Psammodesphysopterus Gebien, 1920 (by monotypy)Notes. Originally described as a subgenus of Namibomodes. Elevated to the generic level by Type species.Psammodesphysopterus Gebien, 1920 (by monotypy)halophilus  Namibomodes Type data. Syntypes physopterusangolensis  (Namibomodes) Type data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum)physopterusphysopterus  Psammodes Type data. Holotype (Hamburg University – Michaelsen coll.)Type species.Namibomodesrudebecki Koch, 1952 (by monotypy)Notes. Originally described as a subgenus of Namibomodes.rudebecki  Namibomodes Type data. Holotype (Lund University)Type species.Pterostichula (Pterostichula) calathoides Koch, 1952 Type species.Pterostichula (Pterostichula) calathoides Koch, 1952 aridipaludis Louw, 1979: 146Type data. Holotype (Cape Museum) and paratype broomoides Koch, 1952: 228Type data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum) and paratypes calathoides Koch, 1952: 227Type data. Holotype (Cape Museum) and paratypes diaphana Louw, 1979: 145Type data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum) and paratypes dubia Louw, 1979: 141Type data. Holotype (Windhoek Museum) and paratype ellamariae Koch, 1952: 229Type data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum) and paratypes infuscata Koch, 1952: 227Type data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum)kung Koch, 1952: 229Type data. Holotype and paratype (Ditsong Museum)namaqua Koch, 1952: 228Type data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum)quarzophila Koch, 1952: 227Type data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum) and paratypes solitudo Louw, 1979: 147Type data. Holotype (Windhoek Museum) and paratype Type species.Pterostichula (Ripicolodes) misanthropa Koch, 1952 arenicola Koch, 1952: 232Type data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum)frontalis Koch, 1952: 232Type data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum)misanthropamisanthropa Koch, 1952: 231Type data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum) and paratypes misanthropakunenensis Koch, 1952: 231Type data. Holotype and paratype (Ditsong Museum)omurambestris Koch, 1952: 230Type data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum)parvicollis Louw, 1979: 153Type data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum) and paratypes Type species.Psammodestentyriiniformis Hesse, 1935 Notes. Classified within Tentyriini by borealis Kaszab, 1972: 231Type data. Holotype (Budapest Museum)impuncticollis Gebien, 1937b: 42Type data. Holotype and paratype (Basel Museum)massaicus Kaszab, 1972: 231Type data. Holotype (Budapest Museum)orientalis Kaszab, 1972: 232Type data. Holotype (Budapest Museum)poggii Ferrer, 2004b: 513Type data. Holotype (Geneva Museum)punctipleuris Kaszab, 1972: 233Type data. Holotype and paratype (Budapest Museum)punctiventris Genien, 1937b: 43Type data. Syntypes (Basel Museum)rhodesianus Kaszab, 1972: 232Type data. Holotype (Budapest Museum)szunyoghyi Kaszab, 1972: 230Type data. Holotype and paratype (Budapest Museum)tentyriiniformistentyriiniformis  Psammodes Type data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum) and paratypes tentyriiniformisseptentrionalis Gebien, 1937b: 44Type data. Syntypes Type species.Psammodescordiformis Haag-Rutenberg, 1871 cordiforme  Psammodes Type data. Syntypes (Naturhistoriska riksmuseet)Notes. A detailed morphological description was provided by hyalinumhyalinum Koch, 1952: 220Type data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum) and paratypes hyalinumovambo Koch, 1952: 220Type data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum) and paratypes melancholica  Psammodes Type data. Holotype (Munich Museum – Haag-Rutenberg coll.)Notes. A detailed morphological description was provided by pruinosum Koch, 1952: 219Type data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum) and paratypes sculpturatum  Psammodes Type data. Holotype (Munich Museum – Haag-Rutenberg coll.)Notes. A detailed morphological description was provided by Type genus.Phanerotomea Koch, 1958 [junior objective synonym proposed of Ocnodes]Taxonomic diversity. : Huilamus (1 sp.), Ocnodes (149), Psammoryssus (1), Stridulomus (1), Tarsocnodes (25).Distribution. Widely distributed in the southern part of the Afrotropical Realm. Only two species, Ocnodesgridellii  and O.humerangula , were described north from the equator. None of the known species were reported from the Eastern Cape welwitschi Koch, 1953b: 80Type data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum) and paratypes Type species.Ocnodesscrobicollis Fåhraeus, 1870 (here designated)Type species.Moluris (Phanerotoma) bertolonii Guérin-Méneville, 1844 arnoldiarnoldi  Phanerotomea comb. n.Type data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum) and paratypes arnoldisabianus  Phanerotomea comb. n.Type data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum)bertolonii  Moluris , comb. n.Type data. Syntypes (Paris Museum)Notes. While describing this species, bertolinii and bertolonii. freyi  Phanerotomea comb. n.Type data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum)gueriniguerini  Psammodes , comb. n.Type data. Syntypes (Geneva Museum)Notes. A detailed morphological description was provided by guerinilawrencii  Phanerotomea comb. n.Type data. Holotype (Cape Museum) and paratypes (Cape Museum)guerinimancus (Phanerotomea comb. n.nimancus : 264 PhaType data. Holotype (Maputo Museum)junodi  Psammodes , comb. n.Type data. Holotype (Cape Museum)Psammodesjunodi Fairmaire, 1899a: 179 = Phanerotomea Koch, 1958: 58, syn. n., replacement name= Type species.Phanerotomaelongatum Solier, 1843 acuductusacuductus  Psammodes comb. n.Type data. Syntypes (Paris Museum)acuductusufipanus  Phanerotomea comb. n.Type data. Holotype (Munich Museum) and paratypes adamantinus  Phanerotomea comb. n.Type data. Holotype (Cape Museum)argenteofasciatus  Phanerotomea comb. n.Type data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum)barbosai , comb. n.Type data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum) and paratypes basilewskyi , comb. n.Type data. Holotype (Tervuren Museum)bellmarleyi , comb. n.Type data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum) and paratypes benguelensis  Phanerotomea comb. n.Type data. Holotype (Cape Museum) and paratype blandus  Phanerotomea comb. n.Type data. Holotype (Tervuren Museum) and paratypes brevicornis  Psammodes comb. n.Type data. Holotype (Munich Museum – Haag-Rutenberg coll.)Psammodesrugicollis Kolbe, 1883: 23 = Type data. Syntypes (Berlin Museum)Phanerotomaelongatum Solier, 1843: 89 = Type data. Syntypes (Paris Museum)lanceolatus  Phanerotomea comb. n.Type data. Holotype (Museum Budapest)licitus  Psammodes comb. n.Type data. Syntypes (Cape Museum)luctuosus  Psammodes comb. n.Type data. Holotype (Munich Museum)Notes. A detailed morphological description was provided by luxurosus  Phanerotomea comb. n.Type data. Holotype (Tervuren Museum), and paratypes maputoensis  Phanerotomea comb. n.Type data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum) and paratypes marginicollis  Phanerotomea comb. n.Type data. Holotype (Cape Museum) and parartype (Ditsong Museum)martinsi  Phanerotomea comb. n.Type data. Holotype (Munich Museum) and paratypes melleus  Phanerotomea comb. n.Type data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum) and paratypes mendicusestermanni  Phanerotomea comb. n.Type data. Holotype (Basel Museum) and paratypes mendicusmendicus  Psammodes comb. n.Type data. Syntypes (Cape Museum)miles  Psammodes comb. n.Type data. Holotype (Cape Museum)mimeticus  Phanerotomea comb. n.Type data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum) and paratypes misolampoides  Psammodes comb. n.Type data. Holotype (Leiden Museum)mixtus  Psammodes comb. n.Type data. Syntypes (British Museum)Notes. A detailed morphological description was provided by monacha  Phanerotomea comb. n.Type data. Holotype (Tervuren Museum) and paratypes montanus  Phanerotomea comb. n.Type data. Holotype and paratype (Tervuren Museum)mozambicus  Phanerotomea comb. n.Type data. Holotype (Basel Museum)muliebriscurtus  Phanerotomea comb. n.Type data. Holotype (Cape Museum) and paratypes muliebrismuliebris  Phanerotomea comb. n.Type data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum) and paratypes muliebrissilvestris  Phanerotomea comb. n.Type data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum)nervosus  Psammodes comb. n.Type data. Holotype (British Museum – Bates coll.)Notes. A detailed morphological description was provided by notatum  Sepidium comb. n.Type data. Holotype notaticollis  Phanerotomea comb. n.Type data. Holotype (Tervuren Museum) and paratypes odorans  Phanerotomea comb. n.Type data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum) and paratypes opacus  Phanerotomea comb. n.Type data. Holotype (Warsaw Museum – Dupont collection)osbecki  Moluris comb. n.Type data. Lectotype, designated by Phanerotomasuturalis Solier, 1843: 92 Type data. Holotype (Oxford University – Westwood coll.)protectus  Phanerotomea comb. n.Type data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum) and paratypes punctatissimus  Phanerotomea comb. n.Type data. Holotype (Brussels Museum) and paratypes puncticollis  Phanerotomea comb. n.Type data. Holotype (Brussels Museum) and paratypes punctipennisplanisculptus  Phanerotomea comb. n.Type data. Holotype (Tervuren Museum) and paratypes punctipennispunctipennis  Psammodes comb. n.Type data. Holotype (Munich Museum)punctipleura  Phanerotomea comb. n.Type data. Holotype (Munich Museum) and paratype (Ditsong Museum)rhodesianus  Phanerotomea comb. n.Type data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum) and paratype roriferus  Phanerotomea comb. n.Type data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum) and paratypes rowleianus  Moluris Type data. Syntypes (British Museum)Psammodeszoutpansbergianus Péringuey, 1904: 231 Type data. Syntypes (Cape Museum)Psammodesrehbocki Kolbe, 1904: 299 Type data. Lectotype, designated by albarenarumdilaticollis  Psammodes Type data. Lectotype, designated by ephialtes Koch, 1952: 334Type data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum) and paratypes errans  Psammodes Type data. Syntypes (Cape Museum)Notes. In his original description, Tarsocnodesspectabilis Gebien, 1920: 84 Type data. Lectotype, designated by madida Koch, 1952: 326Type data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum)michaelis Penrith, 1986: 247Type data. Holotype (Windhoek Museum) and parartypes molossa  Psammodes Type data. Holotype (Munich Museum – Haag-Rutenberg coll.)Moluris (Phanerotoma) gravida  Type data. Holotype (Naturhistoriska riksmuseet)Notes. Type deposition information after variolata Koch, 1952: 329Type data. Holotype (Tervuren Museum)vernayi Koch, 1952: 250Type data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum)whiteheadi Penrith, 1986: 239Type data. Holotype and paratypes (Windhoek Museum)Type genus.Sepidium Fabricius, 1775Taxonomic diversity. : Dimoniacis (3 ssp.), Echinotus (2), Peringueyia (1), Sepidiopsis (3), Sepidiostenus (7), Sepidium (51), Vieta (52), Vietomorpha (5).Distribution. Widely distributed throughout the Mediterranean area and Sub-Saharan Africa, except its western part. Majority of the species were described form from the Horn of Africa. Vieta representatives are the only species, which were described from the area south from equator, while only Sepidium species have loci tipici north from Tropic of Cancer jacksoni Koch, 1958: 44Type data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum)lavranosi Ardoin, 1979: 60Type data. Holotype and paratypes (Paris Museum)puccionii Ferrer, 1995: 27Type data. Holotype (Florence Museum)Type species.Sepidiumspinicollis Laporte, 1840 Notes. During the compilation of this catalog, a junior homonym of Echinotus Solier, 1843 was found: Echinotus Marwick, 1935: 301 . Ulamus Kaminski, nom. nov. is introduced here as a replacement name for the above-mentioned pteriid genus. This newly introduced name honours Stanisław Marcin Ulam, Polish-American scientist, inventor of the Monte Carlo method of computation.natalensis Chevrolat, 1874: 331Type data. Holotype (Paris Museum)spinicollis  Sepidium Type data. Syntypes (Paris Museum)Type species.Echinotusdispar Péringuey, 1899 (by monotypy)dispar  Echinotus Type data. Holotype (Cape Museum)Type species.Sepidiopsiscornigera Gestro, 1892 ardoini Ferrer, 1995: 26Type data. Holotype (Florence Museum)cornigera Gestro, 1892: 772Type data. Holotype (Genoa Museum)villosa Gestro, 1892: 773Type data. Holotype (Genoa Museum)Type species.Sepidiostenuserinaceus Fairmaire, 1884 (by monotypy)Sepidiacis Fairmaire, 1884: CXLVI Type data. Syntypes (Paris Museum)ruspolii Gestro, 1898: 514Type data. Holotype (Genoa Museum)Type species.Sepidiumtricuspidatum Fabricius, 1775 (by subsequent designation by Latreille (1810: 429))Espidium Rafinesque, 1815: 113= Notes. Unnecessary replacement name for Sepidium Fabricius, 1775aitagiae Escalera, 1913: 41Type data. Holotype (Madrid Museum)aliferum Erichson, 1841: 178Type data. Holotype (British Museum)Sepidiumdouei Solier, 1843: 18 = Type data. Holotype (Brussels Museum) and paratypes marraquense Escalera, 1911: 302Type data. Syntypes mesopotamicum Reitter, 1914: 386Type data. Syntypes mskalicum Escalera, 1914: 307Type data. Syntypes (Madrid Museum)obtusangulum Fairmaire, 1882a: 73Type data. Holotype (Paris Museum)pagesii Fairmaire, 1894: 321Type data. Syntypes penicilligerum Karsch, 1881: 49Type data. Syntypes (Berlin Museum)perforatum Allard, 1874: 130Type data. Holotype (Paris Museum)Notes. Species concept after peyerimhoffi Antoine, 1932: 183Type data. Syntypes reichei Allard, 1870: 49Type data. Syntypes (Paris Museum)Sepidiumreicheibispinicollis Reitter, 1914: 389 = Type data. Syntypes (Paris Museum)Sepidiumdufouri Solier, 1843: 21 = Type data. Syntypes (Paris Museum)Sepidiumvariegatumintegrum Desbrochers des Loges, 1881: 100 Type data. Syntypes angolensisbiena Koch, 1958: 53Type data. Holotype and paratypes angolensiseduardi Koch, 1958: 54Type data. Holotype and paratypes angolensistransversa  Sepidium Type data. Holotype (Leiden Museum)Sepidiumovampoense Péringuey, 1892: 55 Type data. Holotype (Paris Museum)borana Gridelli, 1939a: 114Type data. Syntypes (Trieste Museum)bulbifera Fairmaire, 1897: 116Type data. Holotype (Paris Museum)clypeata Gahan, 1896: 454Type data. Holotype (British Museum)cornutipennis Gebien, 1937b: 37Type data. Holotype (Trieste Museum) and paratype costata Allard, 1874: 149Type data. Holotype (Basel Museum)crinita Allard, 1882: LXXXVIIType data. Syntypes (Paris Museum)Sepidiumzambezianum Péringuey, 1892: 123 Type data. Syntypes (Berlin Museum)gracilenta Ancey, 1881a: 397Type data. Syntypes (Paris Museum)grisea Gridelli, 1939a: 421Type data. Syntypes (Trieste Museum)grixonii Gestro, 1895: 375Type data. Holotype (Genoa Museum)hamaticollis  Sepidium Type data. Holotype (Paris Museum)holdhausi Reitter, 1914: 391Type data. Holotype (Vienna Museum)lacunosa Fairmaire, 1894: CCLIIType data. Holotype (Basel Museum)longehirta  Sepidium Type data. Holotype (Paris Museum)longepilosa Fairmaire, 1891b: CCXCIVType data. Holotype (Paris Museum)luctuosa Fairmaire, 1894: 392Type data. Holotype (Paris Museum)lutulenta Gestro, 1895: 143Type data. Holotype (Genoa Museum)luxorii Allard, 1874: 150Type data. Holotype (Paris Museum)millingenii Kirchsberg, 1877: 203Type data. Syntypes (Basel Museum)montana Fairmaire, 1894: 392Type data. Holotype (Paris Museum)muscosa  Sepidium Type data. Syntypes (Berlin Museum)ovalis Allard, 1874: 149Type data. Syntypes pallidicornis Koch, 1958: 219Type data. Holotype (Cape Museum) and paratypes protensa Fairmaire, 1891b: CCXCVType data. Syntypes (Paris Museum)punctipennis Reitter, 1914: 390Type data. Holotype (Vienna Museum)ramosipilus Koch, 1958: 219Type data. Syntypes rendiliana Lesne, 1922: 696Type data. Holotype (Paris Museum)robusta Lesne, 1922: 697Type data. Holotype (Paris Museum)russoi Gebien, 1937b: 38Type data. Holotype (Trieste Museum) and paratype senegalensisdongolensis Laporte, 1840: 197Type data. Holotype (Paris Museum)Notes. Taxonomic concept after Dymonusdufossei Solier, 1843: 10 Type data. Holotype (Paris Museum)speculifera Gebien, 1910a: 158Type data. Syntypes spiculosa  Sepidium Type data. Holotype (Berlin Museum)subcaudata Lesne, 1922: 696Type data. Holotype (Paris Museum)tuberculata  Dymonus Type data. Holotype (Torino Museum – Spinola coll.)Dymonusgibbicollis Solier, 1843: 12 Type data. Holotype (Paris Museum)zavatartii Gridelli, 1939a: 110Type data. Syntypes (Trieste Museum)Type species.Vietomorphafoveipennis Fairmaire, 1887 (by monotypy)abyssinica Mal, 1986a: 17Type data. Holotype (Brussels Museum) and paratypes bartolozzii Mal, 1986a: 19Type data. Holotype and paratype (Florence Museum)crassipes Mal, 1986a: 16Type data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum) and paratypes foveipennis Fairmaire, 1887: 186Type data. Holotype (Basel Museum)Vietomorphaarabica Schuster & Gebien, 1938: 59 Type data. Holotype (Paris Museum)Vietasenegalensissomalica Gebien, 1937b: 41 = Type species.Phligradegeeri Laporte, 1840 (by monotypy); syn of Tenebriocristatus DeGeer, 1778.cristatuscristatus  Tenebrio Type data. Syntypes (Naturhistoriska riksmuseet)Sepidiumlacunosum Thunberg, 1787: 48 = Type data. Holotype (Lund University)Brachycerusareolatus Thunberg, 1799: 31 Type data. Syntypes (Munich Museum – Haag-Rutenberg coll.)hamaticollis  Phligra Type data. Syntypes (Cape Museum)Type species.Trachynotusfrontalis Haag-Rutenberg, 1873 deckerti Ferrer, 2004: 193Type data. Holotype (Berlin Museum)frontalisfrontalis  Trachynotus Type data. Syntypes Epairopslaevigata Péringuey, 1892: 55 Type data. Syntypes (Cape Museum)omercooperi Koch, 1955: 43Type data.Lectotype, designated here, “Aus, Gt. Namaqualand. / 17.IX.1950 / C. Koch, G. van Son”. Paralectotypes .Notes. Although Histrionotus was described as a monotypical genus (for lightfooti) he intentionally describes Histrionotusomercooperi on the preceding page.Type species.Phligraminuta Péringuey, 1904: Notes. In caption of plate 9 in his paper from 1955 Koch introduced the second representative of Microphligra: “Microphligra (Paraphligra) succulentium (subg. nov. in litt. sp. nov. in litt.)”. A habitus of this beetle is presented in the preceding page. However, Koch did not specify any characters separating this new entity from the Microphligraminuta, therefore this cannot be treated as a valid description according to the regulations of the minuta Type species.Ossiporisterrena Pascoe, 1866 (by monotypy)Epairops Fåhraeus, 1870: 282 Type data. Lectotype, designated by terrenaterrena Pascoe, 1866: 452Type data. Holotype terrenarhodesiana Koch, 1953d: 8Type data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum) and paratypes terrenazoutpansbergensis Koch, 1953d: 28Type data. Holotype and paratypes (Ditsong Museum)undulicostis Koch, 1953d: 6Type data. Holotype (Rhodesia Museum)Type species.Trachynotusresolutus Péringuey, 1904 resolutus  Trachynotus Type data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum)Type species.Sepidiumrugosum Fabricius, 1781 Type species.Sepidiumacuminatum Quensel, 1806 ; syn. of Sepidiumstriatum Thunberg, 1787adventitus  Trachynotus Type data. Syntypes (Cape Museum)albanyensis Koch, 1955: 164Type data. Holotype (British Museum)algoensis Koch, 1955: 153Type data. Syntypes bisinuatus Koch, 1955: 155Type data. Syntypes (Ditsong Museum)caviventris Koch, 1955: 158Type data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum)cohaerens Koch, 1955: 166Type data. Syntypes corallipes Koch, 1955: 157Type data. Syntypes dimorphus Koch, 1955: 172Type data. Syntypes georgensis Koch, 1955: 166Type data. Holotype (Cape Museum)hirundo Koch, 1955: 159Type data. Holotype (Cape Museum) and paratypes Notes.rubripes”. The author expressly gave it infrasubspecific rank, since he also designated taxa at the subspecies level. Therefore, according to art. 45.6.4. of the karrooensis Koch, 1955: 164Type data. Syntypes licinoides  Trachynotus Type data. Syntypes (Munich Museum)Trachynotusrusticus Péringuey, 1899: 300 Type data. Holotype (British Museum)Notes. Type deposition information after namaquensis Koch, 1955: 170Type data. Syntypes nitens  Trachynotus Type data. Syntypes (Cape Museum)nollothensis Koch, 1955: 158Type data. Holotype (Cape Museum)praephallatusfrigidorae Koch, 1955: 162Type data. Syntypes (Ditsong Museum)praephallatuspraephallatus Koch, 1955: 161Type data. Holotype and paratype (Ditsong Museum)punctiger  Trachynotus Type data. Holotype (Museum Berlin)purcelli Koch, 1955: 151Type data. Syntypes (Cape Museum)saxicola Koch, 1955: 177Type data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum)scaber  Trachynotus Type data. Holotype (Munich Museum)striatus  SepidiumSepidium Type data. Holotype Sepidiumacuminatus Quensel, 1806: 130 Type data. Holotype (Munich Museum) and paratype (Naturhistoriska riksmuseet)Notes. Type deposition information after bohemanigaerdesi Koch, 1955: 95Type data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum)bohemanischerzi Koch, 1955: 96Type data. Syntypes (Ditsong Museum)bruckibrucki  Trachynotus Type data. Holotype (Naturhistoriska riksmuseet)Notes. Type deposition information after bruckiovamboanus Koch, 1955: 104Type data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum)bruckipoweri  Trachynotus Type data. Holotype (Cape Museum)Notes. Type deposition information after cinctus  Trachynotus Type data. Holotype (Naturhistoriska riksmuseet)Notes. Type deposition information after geniculatusgeniculatus  Trachynotus Type data. Syntypes geniculatushessei Koch, 1955: 101Type data. Syntypes geniculatuspluricostatus Koch, 1955: 100Type data. Syntypes hereroensis Koch, 1955: 99Type data. Holotype (University Lund)rugulosicollis  Trachynotus Type data. Syntypes Type species.Trachynotusbadeni Haag-Rutenberg, 1873 badeni  Trachynotus Type data. Holotype (Munich Museum – Haag-Rutenberg coll.)Trachynotusscrobiculatus Péringuey, 1885: 110 Type data. Holotype (Basel Museum)Trachynotuswahlbergiausensis Koch, 1955: 90Type data. Holotype (Cape Museum) and paratype (Ditsong Museum)Trachynotuswahlbergiwahlbergi  Trachynotus Type data. Holotype (Naturhistoriska riksmuseum)Notes. Type deposition information after Notes. While describing this genus Clinocranion and Clynocranion. Trachynotus planatusplanatus  Clinocranion Type data. Holotype (Geneva Museum – Gory collection)Notes. Type deposition information after planatussubdamarensis Koch, 1955: 73Type data. Holotypes and paratypes (Ditsong Museum)spinosus  Clinocranion Type data. Holotype (Geneva Museum)Type species.Trachynotusregalis Haag-Rutenberg, 1875 angustus  Trachynotus Type data. Syntypes (Cape Museum)distinctus  Trachynotus Type data. Syntypes (Cape Museum)regalis  Trachynotus Type data. Syntypes Notes. Although the correct original spelling of this genus group name is Somaticum , to our knowledge all subsequent authors have used the incorrect subsequent spelling Somaticus and that this incorrect subsequent spelling is in prevailing usage and attributed to the publication of the original spelling; therefore this genus-group name is to be preserved and deemed to be the correct original spelling Gonopterus Solier, 1843: 101 = Type species.Sepidiumrugosum Fabricius, 1781 (by monotypy)aeneus  Trachynotus Type data. Syntypes (Geneva Museum)Notes. Type deposition information after bisbicostatus  Trachynotus Type data. Neotype (Basel Museum), designated by Notes. According to decoratipescisfluminis Koch, 1955: 81Type data. Syntypes decoratipesdecoratipes Koch, 1955: 79Type data. Syntypes glabriventris Koch, 1955: 78Type data. Syntypes rugosusrugosissimus Koch, 1955: 78Type data. Syntypes (Cape Museum)rugosusrugosus  Sepidium Type data. Holotype Copenhagen Museum) and paratypes (British Museum)Notes. Type deposition information after Koch (1955)Pimelialeucophrys Herbst, 1799: 115 = Type data. Holotype (Berlin Museum)rugosustestaceipes Koch, 1955: 77Type data. Syntypes (Ditsong Museum)stali  Trachynotus Type data. Holotype (Naturhistoriska riksmuseet)Clinocranionlatemarginatum Péringuey, 1885: 115 Type data. Holotype (Geneva Museum)Notes. Type deposition information after Haag-Rutenberg (1871).carinatuschevrolati  Trachynotus Type data. Syntypes (Munich Museum – Haag-Rutenberg coll.)contractus  Trachynotus Type data. Holotype (Museum Berlin)Notes. Type deposition information after dilatatus  Trachynotus Type data. Holotype (Munich Museum)fahraeusi Koch, 1955: 185Type data. Syntypes (Cape Museum)Notes.M-signatus”. Judging from the context, Koch expressively gave it the infrasubspecific rank. Therefore, according to art. 45.6.4. of the giganteus Koch, 1955: 194Type data. Syntypes hoffmanni  Trachynotus Type data. Holotype (Stuttgart Museum)impressicollis  Trachynotus Type data. Syntypes (Cape Museum)intermedius  Trachynotus Type data. Holotype (Munich Museum – Haag-Rutenberg coll.)laticollis  Tracheloeum Type data. Holotype (Oxford University – Hope coll.)Notes. Type deposition information after maculosus  Trachynotus Type data. Syntypes (Naturhistoriska riksmuseet)Notes. Type deposition information after marginatus  Sepidium = Type data. Syntypes Notes. Type deposition information after Trachnotusglaber Fåhraeus, 1870: 275 = Type data. Syntypes (Cape Museum)silphoidessilphoides  Trachynotus Type data. Holotype (Naturhistoriska riksmuseet)Notes. Type deposition information after silphoidesswazicola Koch, 1955: 193Type data. Syntypes (Munich Museum)similis  Trachynotus Type data. Holotype (Munich Museum – Haag-Rutenberg coll.)transvaalensis Koch, 1955: 197Type data. Syntypes vittiger  Trachynotus Type data. Holotype (British Museum)Notes. Type deposition information after Type species.Trachynotusbipunctatus Haag-Rutenberg, 1873 albomaculatus  Trachynotus Type data. Holotype (Munich Museum – Haag-Rutenberg coll.)Trachynotusterrenus Péringuey, 1885: 114 = Type data. Syntypes (Cape Museum)barnardi Koch, 1955: 137Type data. Holotype (Cape Museum)bipunctatusbipunctatus  Trachynotus Type data. Syntypes (Munich Museum – Haag-Rutenberg coll.)bipunctatus pilosus  Trachynotus Type data. Syntypes (Cape Museum)braunsi Koch, 1955: 135Type data. Syntypes cordipennis Koch, 1955: 136Type data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum)dubius  Trachynotus Type data. Holotype (Cape Museum)Trachynotussericeus Péringuey, 1886: 124 = Type data. Syntypes (Cape Museum)Trachynotusdubiusmaculipennis Gebien, 1920: 99 Type data. Holotype (Geneva Museum)Notes. Type deposition information after gracilipes  Trachynotus Type data. Syntypes (Munich Museum – Haag-Rutenberg coll.)Trachynotusattenuatus= Type data. Syntypes (Cape Museum)gunvoraeamnigenus Koch, 1955: 123Type data. Holotype (Cape Museum)gunvoraecylindricollis Koch, 1955: 122Type data. Holotype (Cape Museum)gunvoraegunvorae  Trachynotus Type data. Holotype (Lund University) and paratypes haagihaagi  Trachynotus Type data. Holotype (Cape Museum)haagipilipeplus Koch, 1955: 116Type data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum) and paratype (Naturhistoriska riksmuseet)incostatus  Trachynotus Type data. Syntypes (Basel Museum)kungorum Koch, 1955: 140Type data. Syntypes (Ditsong Museum)plutus Koch, 1955: 134Type data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum) and paratypes pygmaeus  Trachynotus Type data. Holotype (Naturhistoriska riksmuseet)Trachynotustantillus Péringuey, 1899: 301 Type data. Holotype (Munich Museum)Trachynotusacuticostis= Type data. Syntypes (Basel Museum)tibialis  Trachynotus Type data. Holotype (Munich Museum)Notes.nigripes”. Judging from the context, Koch expressively give it the infrasubspecific rank. Therefore, according to art. 45.6.4. of the zinni Koch, 1955: 133Type data. Syntypes (Cape Museum)Type species.Trachynotussordidus Gerstaecker, 1854 angulatus  Trachynotus Type data. Holotype (Naturhistoriska riksmuseet)Notes. Type deposition information after darlingtoni Koch, 1955: 212Type data. Syntypes funestus  Trachynotus Type data. Holotype (Naturhistoriska riksmuseet)Notes. Type deposition information after griseus  Trachynotus Type data. Holotype (Naturhistoriska riksmuseet)Notes. Type deposition information after hispidus  Trachynotus Type data. Syntype histrio Koch, 1955: 229Type data. Holotype (Cape Museum)lutulentuslutulentus  Trachynotus Type data. Holotype (Cape Museum)lutulentusmontisdraconis Koch, 1955: 223Type data. Syntypes (Durban Museum)metropolis Koch, 1955: 227Type data. Syntypes newtoni Koch, 1955: 223Type data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum)obscurus Koch, 1955: 208Type data. Syntypes (Cape Museum)schalkwykae Koch, 1955: 213Type data. Syntypes (Pretoria University)sinuatus Koch, 1955: 208Type data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum)sordidus  Trachynotus Type data. Syntypes (Berlin Museum)terricolasetulosus  Trachynotus Type data. Syntypes Notes. Type deposition information after terricolaterricola  Trachynotus Type data. Syntypes (Naturhistoriska riksmuseet)Notes. Type deposition information after testudo Koch, 1955: 220Type data. Holotype (Cape Museum)varicollisbrachythorax Koch, 1955: 211Type data. Syntypes varicollisdisconnectus Koch, 1955: 212Type data. Holotype (Cape Museum) and paratypes varicollisvaricollis Koch, 1955: 209Type data. Syntypes vestitus  Trachynotus Type data. Holotype (Munich Museum – Haag-Rutenberg coll.)zumptirhodesianus Koch, 1955: 220Type data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum) and paratype (Cape Museum)zumptizumpti Koch, 1955: 219Type data. Syntypes Type species.Trachynotuscrinitus Haag-Rutenberg, 1873 crinitus  Trachynotus Type data. Holotype (Munich Museum – Haag-Rutenberg coll.)kraatzikraatzi  Trachynotus Type data. Holotype (Munich Museum – Haag-Rutenberg coll.)kraatzifulvohirtus Koch, 1955: 111Type data. Syntypes kraatziorientalis Koch, 1955: 112Type data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum) and paratypes (Stellenbosch University)serratus  Trachynotus Type data. Holotype (Cape Museum)Type species.Trachynotusperegrinator Koch, 1953a peregrinator  Trachynotus Type data. Holotype (British Museum) and paratypes tropicalis Koch, 1955: 231Type data. Holotype (Frankfurt Museum)incertae sedisdamarinus Péringuey, 1904: 233 = Type species.Sepidiumvittatum Fabricius, 1781 elongatus  Sepidium Type data. Syntypes (Paris Museum)leucographus Solier, 1843: 107Type data. Syntypes (Paris Museum)lutosus Péringuey, 1885: 113Type data. Syntypes (Cape Museum)meracus Péringuey, 1899: 302Type data. Holotype (Cape Museum)ornatus Haag-Rutenberg, 1873: 40Type data. Holotype (Munich Museum – Haag-Rutenberg coll.)plicipennis Haag-Rutenberg, 1873: 38Type data. Holotype (Munich Museum – Haag-Rutenberg coll.)proximus Laporte, 1840: 197Type data. Holotype (Paris Museum)recurvus Haag-Rutenberg, 1873: 38Type data. Holotype (Munich Museum – Haag-Rutenberg coll.)reticulatus  Tenebrio Type data. Holotype (Naturhistoriska riksmuseet)Sepidiumreticulatum Thunberg, 1791: 23 Type data. Syntypes vittatus  Sepidium Type data. Syntypes Sepidiumvittatum Thunberg, 1791: 24 [syn. by = Type data. Syntypes Sepidiumplicatus Wiedemann, 1823: 39 [syn. by = Type data. Holotype (Humboldt University)Trachynotuslacunosus Solier, 1843: 110 [syn. by = Type data. Syntypes (Paris Museum)Type species.Trichethmuslobicolis Gebien, 1937b: 45 (by monotypy)lobicolis Gebien, 1937b: 46Type data. Holotype (Basel Museum)


Fasciola [Haemonchus [Caenorhabditis elegans as investigative models for parasite cysteine proteases is discussed. Finally, because of their central nutritive contribution, targeting the component gut proteases with small-molecule chemical inhibitors and understanding their utility as vaccine candidates are active areas of research [We briefly review cysteine proteases  that are expressed in flatworm and nematode parasites. Emphasis is placed on enzyme activities that have been functionally characterized, are associated with the parasite gut, and putatively contribute to degrading host proteins to absorbable nutrients –4. OftenFasciola  and Haememonchus , presumaemonchus . The appresearch . Angiostrongylus cantonensis and A. costaricensis are the etiological agents of abdominal angiostrongyliasis and eosinophilic meningoencephalitis, respectively  Necator americanus. Mol Biochem Parasitol. 2008;160(2):90–9. Epub 2008/05/27. doi: S0166-6851(08)00094-7 [pii] 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2008.04.008. PubMed PMID: 18501979.Ranjit N, Zhan B, Stenzel DJ, Mulvenna J, Fujiwara R, Hotez PJ, et al. A family of cathepsin B cysteine proteases expressed in the gut of the human hookworm, Fasciola hepatica genome: gene duplication and polymorphism reveals adaptation to the host environment and the capacity for rapid evolution. Genome Biol. 2015;16:71. Epub 2015/04/19. doi: 10.1186/s13059-015-0632-210.1186/s13059-015-0632-2 [pii]. PubMed PMID: 25887684.Cwiklinski K, Dalton JP, Dufresne PJ, La Course J, Williams DJ, Hodgkinson J, et al. The Fasciola hepatica vaccine: we may not be there yet but we’re on the right road. Vet Parasitol. 2015;208(1–2):101–11. Epub 2015/02/07. doi: S0304-4017(15)00008-4 [pii] 10.1016/j.vetpar.2015.01.004. PubMed PMID: 25657086.Molina-Hernandez V, Mulcahy G, Perez J, Martinez-Moreno A, Donnelly S, O’Neill SM, et al. 10.1371/journal.pntd.0001680 PNTD-D-12-00199 [pii]. PubMed PMID: 22802972.Vermeire JJ, Lantz LD, Caffrey CR. Cure of hookworm infection with a cysteine protease inhibitor. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2012;6(7):e1680. Epub 2012/07/18. doi:


PLoS ONE 13(5): e0196998. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0196998The name of the sixth author appears incorrectly in the citation. The correct citation is: Alhamami M, Cheng W, Lyu Y, Allen C, Zhang X-a, Cheng HL (2018) Manganese-porphyrin-enhanced MRI for the detection of cancer cells: A quantitative


Culex pipiens complex and Culex torrentium in Iran. PLoS ONE 13(11): e0207308. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0207308The fifth author’s initials are indexed incorrectly in the article XML. The correct initials are Kobinger GP. The correct citation is: Shahhosseini N, Kayedi MH, Sedaghat MM, Racine T, Kobinger GP, Moosa-Kazemi SH (2018) DNA barcodes corroborating identification of mosquito species and multiplex real-time PCR differentiating


Mycobacterium tuberculosis. PLoS ONE 7(1): e29010. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0029010The sixth author’s initials appear incorrectly in the citation. The correct citation is: Caceres N, Llopis I, Marzo E, Prats C, Vilaplana C, García de Viedma D, et al. (2012) Low Dose Aerosol Fitness at the Innate Phase of Murine Infection Better Predicts Virulence amongst Clinical Strains of


Molecules has started to institute a “Best Paper” award to recognize the most outstanding papers in the area of natural products, medicinal chemistry and molecular diversity published in Molecules. We are pleased to announce the first “Molecules Best Paper Award” for 2012. Nominations were selected by the Editor-in-Chief and selected editorial board members from among all the papers published in 2008. Reviews and research papers were evaluated separately. We are pleased to announce that the following three papers have won the Molecules Best Paper Award in 2012: Sangmin Kim, Jae Hyuck Choi, Jong Bin Kim, Seok Jin Nam, Jung-Hyun Yang, Jung-Han Kim and Jeong Eon Lee Berberine Suppresses TNF-α-induced MMP-9 and Cell Invasion through Inhibition of AP-1 Activity in MDA-MB-231 Human Breast Cancer Cells Molecules 2008, 13(12), 2975-2985; doi:10.3390/molecules13122975http://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/13/12/2975/Available online: Faustine Dubar, Jamal Khalife, Jacques Brocard, Daniel Dive and Christophe Biot Ferroquine, an Ingenious Antimalarial Drug –Thoughts on the Mechanism of Action Molecules 2008, 13(11), 2900-2907; doi:10.3390/molecules13112900 http://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/13/11/2900/Available online: Masakiyo Hosokawa Structure and Catalytic Properties of Carboxylesterase Isozymes Involved in Metabolic Activation of ProdrugsMolecules 2008, 13(2), 412-431; doi:10.3390/molecules13020412http://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/13/2/412/Available online: Molecules and the scientific literature. On behalf of the Prize Awarding Committee and the Editorial Board of Molecules, we would like to congratulate these three teams for their excellent work. In recognition for their accomplishment, Drs. Jung-Han Kim and Jeong Eon Lee, Dr. Christophe Biot and Dr. Masakiyo Hosokawa will receive prizes of 1000 CHF, 500 CHF, and 500 CHF, respectively, and the privilege of publishing an additional of their choice paper free of charge in Open Access format in Molecules, after the usual peer-review procedure. We believe these three exceptional papers represent valuable contributions to Editor-in-ChiefDr. Derek J. McPhee MDPI AG Postfach, CH-4005 Basel, Switzerlandmcphee@mdpi.comEmail: Editorial Board Member, Section ‘Natural Products”Dr. John A. Beutler Molecular Targets Laboratory, Bldg 1052 Rm 110 NCI at Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702-1201, USAbeutlerj@mail.nih.govEmail: Editorial Board Member, Section ‘Medicinal Chemistry’Prof. Dr. Jarkko Rautio School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, P.O.Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finlandjarkko.t.rautio@uef.fiEmail: Editorial Board Member, Section ‘Organic Synthesis’Prof. Dr. Osmo E. O. Hormi Department of Chemistry, University of Oulu, Linnanmaa, P.O.Box 333, FIN-90570 Oulu, Finlandosmo.hormi@oulu.fiEmail: Editorial Board Member, Section ‘Molecular Diversity’Dr. Shu-Kun Lin MDPI AG, Postfach, CH-4005 Basel, Switzerland. Office: Kandererstrasse 25, 4057 Basel, Swizerlandlin@mdpi.comEmail:


The correct name order is: Ibukun-Oluwa Omolade Abejirinde. The correct citation is: Engelbert Bain L, Zweekhorst MBM, Amoakoh-Coleman M, Muftugil-Yalcin S, Abejirinde I-OO, Becquet R, et al. (2019) To keep or not to keep? Decision making in adolescent pregnancies in Jamestown, Ghana. PLoS ONE 14(9): e0221789.


The correct name is: Anlan Yang. The correct citation is: Sah RK, Yang A, Bah FB, Adlat S, Bohio AA, Oo ZM, et al. (2019) Transcriptome profiling of mouse brain and lung under Dip2a regulation using RNA-sequencing. PLoS ONE 14(7): e0213702.


Correction to: BMC Emerg Medhttps://doi.org/10.1186/s12873-015-0051-4Departments of Emergency Medicine and Critical Care, King Saud University, College of Medicine, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.The original article  contains


The correct name is: Sumit R. Kumar. The correct citation is: Etinger A, Kumar SR, Ackley W, Soiefer L, Chun J, Singh P, et al. (2018) The effect of isohydric hemodialysis on the binding and removal of uremic retention solutes. PLoS ONE 13(2): e0192770.


The second author’s name is spelled incorrectly. The correct name is: Keith M. Channon.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0214361The correct citation is: Smith JBE, Channon KM, Kiparoglou V, Forbes JF, Gray AM (2019) A macroeconomic assessment of the impact of medical research expenditure: A case study of NIHR Biomedical Research Centres. PLoS ONE 14(4): e0214361.


Multivalency regulates activity in an intrinsically disordered transcription factor. Published 1, May 2018After publication we became aware of three citations that should be included in the Materials and Methods.The  citation In the Materials and Methods subsection NMR experiments should also include Kazimierczuk et al., 2010.The new citation is shown below:J Magn Reson, 205(2), 286-292. doi:10.1016/j.jmr.2010.05.012Kazimierczuk, K., Zawadzka-Kazimierczuk, A., Kozminski, W. 2010. Non-uniform frequency domain for optimal exploitation of non-uniform sampling. The other two citations refer to the processing of non-uniformly sampled five-dimensional HN(CA)CONH and HabCabCONH spectra. The citations should be placed within the text as follows:“All two-dimensional spectra and the three-dimensional HNCO spectra were processed using TopSpin , and the non- uniformly sampled five-dimensional HN(CA)CONH and HabCabCONH spectra were processed with Sparse Multidimensional Fourier Transform  (the software for data processing is available online at the Warsaw University Laboratory (nmr.cent3.uw.edu.pl/software)).”The citations are shown below:J Magn Reson, 197(2), 219-228. doi:10.1016/j.jmr.2009.01.003Kazimierczuk, K., Zawadzka, A., Kozminski, W. 2009. Narrow peaks and high dimensionalities: exploiting the advantages of random sampling. J Biomol NMR, 47(1), 65-77. doi:10.1007/s10858-010-9411-2Stanek, J., Kozminski, W. (2010). Iterative algorithm of discrete Fourier transform for processing randomly sampled NMR data sets. The article has been corrected accordingly.


A. maculatum, A. triste and A. tigrinum by phylogenetic analysis of five molecular markers . In addition, the phenotypic diversity of adult ticks identified as A. maculatum and A. triste from geographically distinct populations was thoroughly re-examined.The goal of this study was to reassess the taxonomic status of A. maculatum - A. triste lineage, A. tigrinum was a monophyletic separate entity. Within the A. maculatum - A. triste cluster, three main clades were supported. The two morphotypes, corresponding to the western North American and eastern North American populations, consistently grouped in a single monophyletic clade with many shared mitochondrial sequences among ticks of the two areas. Ticks from the two remaining morphotypes, south-eastern South America and Peruvian, corresponded to two distinct clades.Microscopic examination identified four putative morphotypes distinguishable by disjunct geographical ranges, but very scant fixed characters. Analysis of the separated mitochondrial datasets mostly resulted in conflicting tree topologies. Nuclear gene sequences were almost identical throughout the geographical ranges of the two species, suggesting a very recent, almost explosive radiation of the terminal operational taxonomic units. Analysis of concatenated molecular datasets was more informative and indicated that, although genetically very close to the A. maculatum and A. triste should be synonymized and that morphological differences merely reflect very recent local adaptation to distinct environments in taxa that might be undergoing the first steps of speciation but have yet to complete lineage sorting. Nonetheless, future investigations using more sensitive nuclear markers and/or crossbreeding experiments might reveal the occurrence of very rapid speciation events in this group of taxa. Tentative node dating revealed that the A. tigrinum and A. maculatum - A. triste clades split about 2 Mya, while the A. maculatum - A.triste cluster radiated no earlier than 700,000 years ago.Given the paucity of morphological characters, the minimal genetic distance separating morphotypes, and more importantly the fact that two morphotypes are genetically indistinguishable, our data suggest that The online version of this article (10.1186/s13071-018-3186-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. Amblyomma maculatum group includes, according to Camicas et al.  were incorporated in a concatenated dataset , including the unique A. maculatum, A. triste and A. tigrinum sequences. Amblyomma cajennense has been shown to be sufficiently close to the A. maculatum group to serve as alternate outgroup [A. tigrinum vs A. maculatum - A. triste, Peruvian vs all other clades, southern South American vs North American) by using DAMBE [A. maculatum group of species was performed by using the relaxed molecular clock model implemented in BEAST v.1.7.4 [A. cajennense complex [A. cajennense radiation set at 17 ± 1.5 Mya.Additional outgroup sequences available for the 6 species of outgroup , with thoutgroup . In ordeng DAMBE . In adding DAMBE . A tenta v.1.7.4 , 63. Mon complex , 64, witAdditional file 1:Table S1. Geographical distribution of the 12S rDNA haplotypes. Abbreviations: PI, Piura; TU, Tumbes; GA, Georgia; FL, Florida; AZ, Arizona; SDE, Santiago del Estero; BA, Buenos Aires; CR, Corrientes; FO, Formosa; MGS, Mato Grosso do Sul; SP, São Paulo; GO, Goias; $, A. maculatum; %, A. triste; #, A. triste - A. maculatum; *, A. tigrinum. (XLSX 11 kb)Additional file 2:Table S2. Geographical distribution of the 16S rDNA haplotypes. Abbreviations: PI, Piura; TU, Tumbes; IC, Ica; GA, Georgia; FL, Florida; AZ, Arizona; SDE, Santiago del Estero; BA, Buenos Aires; CR, Corrientes; FO, Formosa; MGS, Mato Grosso do Sul; SP, São Paulo; GO, Goias; $, A. maculatum; %, A. triste; #, A. triste - A. maculatum; *, A. tigrinum. (XLSX 13 kb)Additional file 3:Table S3. Geographical distribution of the cox1 haplotypes. Abbreviations: PI, Piura; TU, Tumbes; IC, Ica; GA, Georgia; FL, Florida; AZ, Arizona; SDE, Santiago del Estero; BA, Buenos Aires; CR, Corrientes; FO, Formosa; MGS, Mato Grosso do Sul; SP, São Paulo; GO, Goias; $, A. maculatum; %, A. triste; #, A. triste - A. maculatum; *, A. tigrinum. (XLSX 13 kb)Additional file 4:Table S4. Geographical distribution of the DL haplotypes. Abbreviations: PI, Piura; TU, Tumbes; IC, Ica; GA, Georgia; FL, Florida; AZ, Arizona; SDE, Santiago del Estero; BA, Buenos Aires; CR, Corrientes; FO, Formosa; MGS, Mato Grosso do Sul; SP, São Paulo; GO, Goias; $, A. maculatum; %, A. triste; #, A. triste - A. maculatum; *, A. tigrinum. (XLSX 12 kb)Additional file 5:Table S5. Geographical distribution of the ITS2 genotypes. Abbreviations: PI, Piura; TU, Tumbes; GA, Georgia; FL, Florida; AZ, Arizona; BA, Buenos Aires; CR, Corrientes; FO, Formosa; MGS, Mato Grosso do Sul; SP, São Paulo; GO, Goias; SDE, Santiago del Estero; $, A. maculatum; %, A. triste; #, A.triste - A. maculatum; *, A. tigrinum. (XLSX 10 kb)


The correct name is: Linda Bartu. The correct citation is: Lu S, Catalano C, Huhn S, Pardini B, Bartu L, Vymetalkova V, et al. (2019) Single nucleotide polymorphisms within MUC4 are associated with colorectal cancer survival. PLoS ONE 14(5): e0216666.


The correct citation is: Ali HA, Lomholt AF, Mahmoudpour SH, Hermanrud T, Bygum A, von Buchwald C, et al. (2019) Genetic susceptibility to angiotensin-converting enzyme-inhibitor induced angioedema: A systematic review and evaluation of methodological approaches. PLoS ONE 14(11): e0224858.


The correct citation is: Kulkarni K, Xie X, Marron Fernandez de Velasco E, Anderson A, Martemyanov KA, Wickman K, et al. (2018) The influences of the M2R-GIRK4-RGS6 dependent parasympathetic pathway on electrophysiological properties of the mouse heart. PLoS ONE 13(4): e0193798.


The correct title is: The circadian rhythm of bladder clock genes in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. The correct citation is: Kimura Y, Honda M, Sasaki R, Yumioka T, Iwamoto H, Tsounapi P, et al. (2019) The circadian rhythm of bladder clock genes in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. PLoS ONE 14(7): e0220381.


The correct name is Nezam Afdhal. The correct citation is: Navarro VJ, Belle SH, D’Amato M, Afdhal N, Brunt EM, Fried MW, et al. (2019) Silymarin in non-cirrhotics with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: A randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled trial. PLoS ONE 14(9): e0221683.


Expanding the single-visit approach for cervical cancer prevention: successes and lessons from Burkina Faso. Glob Health Sci Pract. 2018;6(2):288–298. https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-17-00328Harvey SA. Observe before you leap: why observation provides critical insights for formative research and intervention design that you'll never get from focus groups, Interviews, or KAP Surveys. Glob Health Sci Pract. 2018;6(2):299–316. https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-17-00471. (French translation of the abstract added)Koffi TB, Weidert K, Ouro Bitasse E, et al. Engaging men in family planning: perspectives from married men in Lomé, Togo. Glob Health Sci Pract. 2018;6(2):317–329. https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-17-00440Subramanian L, Simon C, Daniel EE. Increasing contraceptive use among young married couples in Bihar, India: evidence from a decade of implementation of the PRACHAR Project. Glob Health Sci Pract. 2018;6(2):330–344. https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-16-00290Sarma S, Nemser B, Cole-Lewis H, et al. Effectiveness of SMS technology on timely community health worker follow-up for childhood malnutrition: a retrospective cohort study in sub-Saharan Africa. Glob Health Sci Pract. 2018;6(2):345–355. https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-17-00427Marks KJ, Luthringer CL, Ruth LJ, et al. Review of grain fortification legislation, standards, and monitoring documents. Glob Health Sci Pract. 2018;6(2):356–371. https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-17-00417. (French translation of the abstract added)Ndiaye K, Portillo E, Ouedraogo D, Mobley A, Babalola S. High-risk advanced maternal age and high parity pregnancy: tackling a neglected need through formative research and action. Glob Health Sci Pract. 2018;6(2):372–383. https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-17-00318Kheang T, Lin MA, Lwin S, et al. Malaria case detection among mobile populations and migrant workers in Myanmar: comparison of 3 service delivery approaches. Glob Health Sci Pract. 2018;6(2):384–389. https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-18-00012Choi Y, Short Fabic M. Monitoring progress in equality for the Sustainable Development Goals: a case study of meeting demand for family planning. Glob Health Sci Pract. 2018;6(2):390–401. We have added French translations of the abstracts for a number of articles from the June 2018 issue  in which the content focused on countries where the official language is French. This has affected the page numbering of these and subsequent articles. The new citations are as follows:


Retraction Note: BMC Fam Pract (2018) 19:21https://doi.org/10.1186/s12875-018-0713-xJournal of Family & Community Medicine [Al-Ghamdi S, Ahmad G, Ali AH, Bahakim N, Alomran S, Alhowikan W, et al. Al Kharj diabetic patients’ perception about diabetes mellitus using revised-illness perception questionnaire (IPQ-R). BMC Family Practice. 2018;19:21Al-Ghamdi SH, Ahmad GAU, Ali AH, Bahakim NO, Alomran SI, Alhowikan WK, et al. How do Saudi diabetic patients perceive their illness? A multicenter survey using revised-illness perception questionnaire. Journal of Family & Community Medicine, 2018;25:2,75–8The editors have retracted this article  because Medicine  and is t


There are errors in the Reference list.Reference 11 is incorrect. The correct reference is: Johnson U, Tranaeus U, Ivarsson A. Current status and future challenges in psychological research of sport injury prediction and prevention: A methodological perspective. Rev Psicol Deport 2014; 23: 401–409.Reference 24 is incorrect. The correct reference is: De la Vega R, Rivera O, Ruiz R. Hardiness in endurance races: a comparison between skyrunning and 10 kilometers. Rev Psicol Deport 2011; 20: 445–454.Reference 25 is incorrect. The correct reference is: Ruiz R, De la Vega R, Poveda J, Rosado A, Serpa S. Psychometric analysis of the resilience scale in the sport of football. Rev Psicol Deport 2012; 21: 143–151.Reference 45 is incorrect. The correct reference is: Liberal R, Escudero JT, Cantallops J, Ponseti J. Psychological impact of sports injuries related to psychological well-being and the anxiety associated to competitive sports. Rev Psicol Deport 2014; 23: 451–456.Reference 47 is incorrect. The correct reference is: Fernandes HM, Machado-Reis V, Vilaça-Alves J, Saavedra F, Aidar FJ, Brustad R. Social support and sport injury recovery: An overview of empirical findings and practical implications. Rev Psicol Deport 2014; 23: 445–449.


Scientific Reports 10.1038/s41598-018-23151-6, published online 21 March 2018Correction to: This Article contains an error in Reference 26 which was incorrectly given as:Hydrology5, 3, 10.3390/hydrology5010012 (2017).Scheihing, K., Moya, C., Struck, U., Lictevout, E. & Tröger, U. Reassessing Hydrological Processes That Control Stable Isotope Tracers in Groundwater of the Atacama Desert (Northern Chile). The correct reference is listed below:Hydrology5, 3, 10.3390/hydrology5010003 (2017).Scheihing, K., Moya, C., Struck, U., Lictevout, E. & Tröger, U. Reassessing Hydrological Processes That Control Stable Isotope Tracers in Groundwater of the Atacama Desert (Northern Chile).


There is an error in the fourth author’s name in the author byline and citation. The correct byline is:Jimmy Rodriguez Murillo, Magdalena Kuras, Melinda Rezeli, Tasso Miliotis, Lazaro Betancourt, Gyorgy Marko-VargaThe correct citation is:https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0208562Murillo JR, Kuras M, Rezeli M, Miliotis T, Betancourt L, Marko-Varga G (2018) Automated phosphopeptide enrichment from minute quantities of frozen malignant melanoma tissue. PLoS ONE 13(12): e0208562.


Pharmacology Research & Perspectives Journal, 2014, 2(6), (DOI: 10.1002/prp2.70), contains an error in the fifth author's nameThe original version of this paper, published in The correct author listing is:Roy Chowdhury, Parasuraman Jaisankar & Hemanta K. MajumderAmartya Mishra, Jayaraman Vinayagam, Sourav Saha, Sayan Chowdhury, Somenath


There are errors in the Hip circumference and Waist circumference values in There is an error in reference 14. The correct reference is: Asare-Anane H, Bawah AT, Osa-Andrews B, Adanu R, Ofori EK, Tagoe, Bani S A, Ateko EA R O, AK Nyarko. Lipid Profile In Ghanaian Women With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Int J Sci Technol Res. 2013;2(4):168–75.


The name should be indexed as: Ayoya MA. The correct citation is: Kodish SR, Rohner F, Beauliere J-M, Daffe M, Ayoya MA, Wirth JP, et al. (2018) Implications of the Ebola virus disease outbreak in Guinea: Qualitative findings to inform future health and nutrition-related responses. PLoS ONE 13(8): e0202468. In the Acknowledgments section, the final contributor’s name is spelled incorrectly. The correct name is: Meagan Harrison.


This article has been corrected: The correct affiliations information is given below:3 Heritage Victor Valley Medical Group, Big Bear Lake, CA, USA4 Department of Critical Care and Telemetry, Citrus Valley Health Partners, West Covina, CA, USA31120-31132. https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.25693Original article: Oncotarget. 2018; 9:


The correct name is: Tarik Benmarhnia. The correct citation is: Vijayaraghavan M, Benmarhnia T, Pierce JP, White MM, Kempster J, Shi Y, et al. (2018) Income disparities in smoking cessation and the diffusion of smoke-free homes among U.S. smokers: Results from two longitudinal surveys. PLoS ONE 13(7): e0201467.


Open Heart 2019;6:e001132. doi: 10.1136/openhrt-2019-001132Salmonsmith JA, Ducci A, Burriesci G. Does transcatheter aortic valve alignment matter? The license type of the paper has changed from CC BY-NC to CC BY.


The correct name is: Melanie Maier. The correct citation is: Huruy K, Mulu A, Liebert UG, Maier M (2018) HIV-1C proviral DNA for detection of drug resistance mutations. PLoS ONE 13(10): e0205119.


The correct citation is: Caza F, Granger Joly de Boissel P, Villemur R, Betoulle S, St-Pierre Y (2019) Liquid biopsies for omics-based analysis in sentinel mussels. PLoS ONE 14(10): e0223525.


The correct name is: Derick W. Brinkerhoff. The correct citation is: Van Belle S, Boydell V, George AS, Brinkerhoff DW, Khosla R (2018) Broadening understanding of accountability ecosystems in sexual and reproductive health and rights: A systematic review. PLoS ONE 13(5): e0196788.


The correct name is: Ahmed Soliman. The correct citation is: Mesbah S, Shalaby AM, Stills S, Soliman A, Willhite A, Harkema SJ, et al. (2019) Novel stochastic framework for automatic segmentation of human thigh MRI volumes and its applications in spinal cord injured individuals. PLoS ONE 14(5): e0216487.


There was a formatting error in the title of the article. The word "near" should have been capitalized. The correct title is: Revealing Topological Organization of Human Brain Functional Networks with Resting-State Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy.The correct citation is: Niu H, Wang J, Zhao T, Shu N, He Y (2012) Revealing Topological Organization of Human Brain Functional Networks with Resting-State Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy. PLoS ONE 7(9): e45771. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0045771


The correct name is: Saidulu Mattapally. The correct citation is: LaBarge W, Mattapally S, Kannappan R, Fast VG, Pretorius D, Berry JL, et al. (2019) Maturation of three-dimensional, hiPSC-derived cardiomyocyte spheroids utilizing cyclic, uniaxial stretch and electrical stimulation. PLoS ONE 14(7): e0219442.