Dichoteleas Kieffer (Scelionidae: Scelioninae) is known only from the Old World: Kenya, Tanzania, Malawi, South Africa, Madagascar, southern India, the island of New Guinea, and eastern Australia. After revision, 10 species are recognized. Four species were previously recognized and are redescribed: D.ambositrae Risbec (Madagascar), D.indicus Saraswat , D.rugosus Kieffer , and D.subcoeruleus Dodd . Six species are described as new: D.fulgidussp. nov. (Indonesia: Papua Barat), D.fuscussp. nov. , D.hamatussp. nov. ., D.rubyaesp. nov. (Madagascar), D.striatussp. nov. (Madagascar), and D.umbrasp. nov. (Tanzania). Dichoteleaspappi Szabó is treated as a junior synonym of D.rugosus. An identification key to species of the genus is provided.The genus  Dichoteleas was first described by Jean-Jacques Kieffer in 1907 on the basis of a single male specimen collected in Mackay, North Queensland, Australia. It was distinguished from Pentacantha Ashmead (a genus of the subfamily Teleasinae) by the “Thorax mit drei spitzen Zähnen” (thorax with three pointed teeth) and the presence of the postmarginal vein on the forewing . Kieffer did not specify in his generic description on which parts of the mesosoma these teeth occur, but in his description of the sole species, D.rugosus, he indicated that the teeth are found on the sides of the mesoscutellum and medially on the metanotum. After collecting a female of the type species, Dichoteleas could be identified by its large hairless eyes, elongate maxillary palpi, and subtridentate mandibles.The genus D.rugosus Kieffer, D.subcoeruleus Dodd, and D.pappi Szabó), one from Madagascar (D.ambositrae Risbec), and one from India (D.indicus Saraswat). Only D.subcoeruleus was described based on more than a single sex, and none of these were based on more than five specimens. In their revision of Australian Scelioninae, D.pappi may be a junior synonym of D.rugosus, since the species have similar ranges, and Dichoteleaspappi was described from one female specimen, while D.rugosus was described from a male.In the years since its description, five species have been described in the genus. Three were described from Australia , Bernice P. Bishop Museum , California Academy of Sciences , Canadian National Collection of Insects , C.A. Triplehorn Insect Collection , Hungarian Natural History Museum , International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology , Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle , South Australian Museum , South African Museum , and Utah State University Insect Collection .This work is based on specimens from the OSUC”) and a number. The associated data for each specimen may be accessed at http://mbd-db.osu.edu using this unique identifier. Morphological terminology generally follows Each specimen examined in this paper has a unique identifier consisting of a prefix . These descriptions were exported in the format of “Character: Character state(s).” The states of characters polymorphic for a species are separated by semicolons. Photographs of specimens were captured using a Leica Z16 APOA system and stacked with the Leica Application Suite software. Images of type specimens were provided by Elijah Talamas (Florida State Collection of Arthropods).The terminology for the surface sculpture follows . Species descriptions and a taxon by data matrix were generated using vSysLab ; Head. Head shape in dorsal view: transverse. Vertex: smooth or rugose. Hyperoccipital carina: present or absent. Occipital carina: present, complete. OOL: lateral ocellus nearly contiguous with inner orbits, OOL < 0.5 OD. Upper frons: convex or with a slight concavity; smooth, striate, or areolate. Frontal depression: undifferentiated. Submedian carina: present or absent. Orbital carina: present. Inner orbits: diverging ventrally. IOS/EH: IOS less than EH. Interantennal process: short, often excavate medially. Central keel: present or absent. Antennal foramen: oriented laterally on interantennal process. Facial striae: present or absent. Malar sulcus: present. Malar striae: present or absent. Setation of compound eye: present or absent. Gena: narrows dorsally behind eye, convex. Clypeus shape: narrow, rectangular, lateral corners not produced. Anterior  margin of clypeus: straight. Labrum: narrow, trapezoidal, ventral margin convex or straight. Number of mandibular teeth: 2 or 3. Arrangement of mandibular teeth: transverse. Number of maxillary palpomeres: 4. Shape of maxillary palpomeres: cylindrical. Number of labial palpomeres: 2.Antenna. Number of antennomeres in female: 12. Number of antennomeres in male: 12. Insertion of radicle into A1: parallel to longitudinal axis of A1. Shape of A1: cylindrical, not flattened. Length of A3 of female: distinctly longer than A2. Number of antennomeres with papillary sensilla in female: 7. Arrangement of sensilla on female clava: in longitudinal pairs. Claval formula: A12–A6:1–2–2–2–2–2–2. Shape of male flagellum: filiform. Sex segment of male antenna: A5.Mesosoma. Posterior apex of pronotum in dorsal view: bifid apically to articulate with tegula. Epomial carina: absent. Cervical pronotal area: oblique, visible dorsally, short. Lateral face of pronotum: weakly concave ventrally around the pronotal cervical sulcus. Netrion: present. Netrion shape: moderately wide, open ventrally. Anterior portion of mesoscutum: vertical, flexed ventrally to meet pronotum. Mesoscutum shape: pentagonal, excavate at base of wings. Skaphion: absent. Notauli: present, percurrent. Parapsidal lines: present. Antero-admedian lines: absent. Transscutal articulation: well-developed. Mesoscutal suprahumeral sulcus: present or absent. Mesoscutal humeral sulcus: present as an uninterrupted groove or foveolate. Shape of mesoscutellum: trapezoidal. Lateral mesoscutellar spines: present. Median mesoscutellar spine: absent. Axillular spines: present. Surface of mesoscutellum: convex throughout. Median longitudinal furrow on mesoscutellum: absent. Metascutellum: clearly differentiated. Shape of metascutellum: flattened laterally into a medially spine; flattened dorsoventrally into a triangular plate. Setation of metascutellum: absent. Metapostnotum: fused to propodeum. Lateral propodeal projection: absent. Medial propodeal projection: absent. Mesopleural carina: present. Mesal course of acetabular carina: not separating fore coxae. Mesopleural pit: present. Posterodorsal corner of mesopleuron: rounded.Legs. Number of mesotibial spurs: 1. Number of metatibial spurs: 1. Dorsal surface of metacoxa: smooth. Shape of metacoxa: cylindrical, ecarinate. Trochantellus: indicated by transverse sulcus on femur.Wings. Wing development of female: macropterous. Wing development of male: macropterous. Tubular veins in fore wing: present. Bulla of fore wing R: absent. Length of marginal vein of fore wing: punctiform, R terminating at costal margin. Origin of r-rs in fore wing: arises at the point where R meets costal margin. Development of R in hind wing: complete.Metasoma. Number of external metasomal tergites in female: 7. Number of external metasomal sternites in female: 7. Number of external metasomal tergites in male: 8. Number of external metasomal sternites in male: 7. Shape of metasoma: lanceolate. Laterotergites: present, narrow. Laterosternites: present. T1 of female: flat; produced anteriorly as a small hump. Relative size of metasomal segments: T2–T3 subequal in length, remaining terga shorter. Metasomal tergites with basal crenulae: T2. Sublateral carinae on tergites: present. Median longitudinal carina on metasomal terga: absent; present on T1–T4. Shape of female T6: slightly convex. Anterior margin of S1: not produced anteriorly, straight. Felt fields on S2: present; obscured by setation. Felt fields on S3: present; obscured by setation. Ovipositor: Scelio-type  setation on the eyes and the well-developed postmarginal vein. It may be distinguished from Oxyteleia and Oreiscelio since in Dichoteleas the metascutellum only has a single median spine. The New World genus Pseudoheptascelio may also be interpreted to have a bidentate mesoscutellum. In that group the stigmal vein (r-rs) arises from the submarginal vein before it reaches the costal margin of the fore wing. In Dichoteleas, the stigma vein arises from the costal margin.Dichoteleas species are known from Kenya, Tanzania, Malawi, northeastern South Africa, Madagascar, southern India, New Guinea and Far North Queensland in Australia .Dichoteleasambositrae : Masner, 1976: 31 (type information); Johnson, 1992: 367 .Color of head: black. Hyperoccipital carina: present. Frontal depression: absent. Malar striae: absent. Facial striae: present. Setation of eyes: absent. Sculpture of frons: primarily smooth with weak transverse striations above the IAP. Setation of frons: mostly glabrous with sparse setation laterally. Submedian carina: absent. Interantennal process: undifferentiated. Central keel: absent. Transverse pronotal carina: absent. Color of pronotum: yellow. Pronotal cervical sulcus: present. Mesepimeral sulcus: present. Sulcus along mesopleural carina: foveolate. Mesoscutal suprahumeral sulcus: present. Mesoscutal humeral sulcus: present as an uninterrupted groove. Median mesoscutal line: absent. Color of mesoscutum: dark brown to black. Sculpture of mesoscutum: smooth without longitudinal striations. Notaulus: incomplete. Visibility of notaulus: unobscured. Parapsidal line: present. Sculpture of mesoscutellum: smooth. Shape of axillular carinae in lateral view: without a posteroventral hooklike projection. Color of axillular carina: yellow. Sculpture of T3–6: punctate. Median carina on T1–T4: absent.D.subcoeruleus, D.fulgidus, D.fuscusand  by the absence of the median carina on T1–T4. It can be distinguished from the other species by its xanthic pronotum and smooth mesoscutum.This species can be distinguished from Madagascar .Holotype, female: Madagascar: Ambositra, MNHN Paris EY32526; Madagascar: 2 females, CASENT 2138155, 2138157 (CAS).Taxon classificationAnimaliaHymenopteraScelionidae6090B03D-9849-5263-8E7A-E783BD2FCBDAhttps://zoobank.org/551D6CCD-7E66-496A-9B7C-53D007349DACColor of head: metallic blue. Hyperoccipital carina: present. Frontal depression: absent. Malar striae: absent. Facial striae: absent. Setation of eyes: absent. Sculpture of frons: smooth above interantennal prominence, areolate laterally. Setation of frons: sparsely setose throughout. Submedian carina: absent. Interantennal process: undifferentiated. Central keel: absent. Transverse pronotal carina: present. Color of pronotum: metallic blue. Pronotal cervical sulcus: absent. Mesepimeral sulcus: absent. Sulcus along mesopleural carina: absent. Mesoscutal suprahumeral sulcus: absent. Mesoscutal humeral sulcus: present as an uninterrupted groove. Median mesoscutal line: absent. Color of mesoscutum: metallic blue. Sculpture of mesoscutum: finely punctate without longitudinal striations. Notaulus: complete. Visibility of notaulus: unobscured. Parapsidal line: present. Sculpture of mesoscutellum: smooth. Shape of axillular carinae in lateral view: without a posteroventral hooklike projection. Color of axillular carina: metallic blue. Sculpture of T3–6: rugulose. Median carina on T1–T4: present.D.subcoeruleus and D.fuscus by the finely punctate sculpture of the mesoscutum.This species can be identified by the presence of a dorsal median carina on T1–T4 of the metasoma, and it may be distinguished from The epithet comes from the Latin word for “shiny,” referring to the smooth, metallic luster of the mesosoma. This epithet is treated as an adjective.Indonesia (Papua Barat).Holotype, female: Indonesia: FakFak S. coast of Bomberai, 100–700m; OSUC 234427 (BPBM). Paratypes. Indonesia: 3 males, OSUC 234420–234421, 234425 (BPBM).Taxon classificationAnimaliaHymenopteraScelionidaeCF71C170-0479-5758-ADFB-450377D84DFDhttps://zoobank.org/8CA7BC20-6A81-4DBE-904A-2997CA6072F3Color of head: metallic blue. Hyperoccipital carina: present. Frontal depression: absent. Malar striae: absent. Facial striae: absent. Setation of eyes: absent. Sculpture of frons: smooth above interantennal prominence, areolate laterally. Setation of frons: sparsely setose throughout. Submedian carina: present. Interantennal process: undifferentiated. Central keel: absent. Transverse pronotal carina: present. Color of pronotum: dark brown to black. Pronotal cervical sulcus: absent. Mesepimeral sulcus: absent. Sulcus along mesopleural carina: absent. Mesoscutal suprahumeral sulcus: absent. Mesoscutal humeral sulcus: present as an uninterrupted groove. Median mesoscutal line: absent. Color of mesoscutum: dark brown to black. Sculpture of mesoscutum: rugulose. Notaulus: complete. Visibility of notaulus: unobscured. Parapsidal line: present. Sculpture of mesoscutellum: rugulose. Shape of axillular carinae: without a posteroventral hooklike projection. Color of axillular carina: brown. Sculpture of T3–6: rugulose. Median carina on T1–T4: present.D.subcoeruleus and D.fulgidus by the rugulose sculpture of the mesoscutum.This species can be identified by the dorsal median carina (T1–T4 of metasoma) and can be distinguished from D.fulgidus). This epithet is treated as an adjective.The epithet comes from the Latin word for “dusky,” referring to the darker, metallic color of the mesosoma , Australia (Queensland).Holotype, female: Papua New Guinea: NE Finisterre Range, Saidor, Gabumi; OSUC 234417 (BPBM). Paratypes. Australia: 1 male, OSUC 875045 (CNCI). Papua New Guinea: 12 females, 4 males, OSUC 234413–234416, 234422–234424, 234426, 234428–234429 (BPBM), OSUC 875873–875876 (CNCI).Taxon classificationAnimaliaHymenopteraScelionidae8EE29820-64E5-54A0-9841-703FD18378F7https://zoobank.org/09D49988-1679-4AC2-AC59-D5C47ED6E353Color of head: black. Hyperoccipital carina: absent. Frontal depression: absent. Malar striae: present. Facial striae: present. Setation of eyes: sparse, with few scattered fine hairs. Sculpture of frons: smooth above interantennal prominence, areolate laterally. Setation of frons: sparsely setose throughout. Submedian carina: absent. Interantennal process: undifferentiated. Central keel: absent. Transverse pronotal carina: present. Color of pronotum: dark brown to black. Pronotal cervical sulcus: present. Mesepimeral sulcus: present. Sulcus along mesopleural carina: absent. Mesoscutal suprahumeral sulcus: absent. Mesoscutal humeral sulcus: present, foveolate. Median mesoscutal line: absent. Color of mesoscutum: dark brown to black. Sculpture of mesoscutum: areolate-rugose. Notaulus: complete. Visibility of notaulus: slightly obscured by mesoscutal sculpture. Parapsidal line: present. Sculpture of mesoscutellum: rugulose. Shape of axillular carinae in lateral view: with a sharp posteroventral hooklike projection. Color of axillular carina: brown. Sculpture of T3–6: rugulose and finely punctate. Median carina on T1–T4: absent.D.rugosus by the distinct hooked projections on axillular carinae.This species can be distinguished from hamatus is drawn from the Latin word for hooked, referring to the hooked projections on the axillular carinae. This epithet is treated as an adjective.The name Kenya (Coast), Malawi (Mulanje), South Africa (Limpopo), Tanzania .Holotype, female: South Africa: Guernsey Farm, Limpopo Prov.; OSUC 56306 (CNCI). Paratypes. Kenya: 1 female, ICIPE 32195 (ICIPE). Malawi: 1 female, OSUC 875032 (CNCI). South Africa: 20 females, 50 males, OSUC 874965–875031, 875037 (CNCI); SAM-HYM-P031302, SAM-HYM-P037851 (SAMC); USNMENT01197871 (USNM). Tanzania: 5 females, 1 male, OSUC 875033–875036, 875040-875041 (CNCI).Taxon classificationAnimaliaHymenopteraScelionidaeSaraswatAAEAF8D2-BA5C-5D80-B539-C6F21052D530Dichoteleasindicus Saraswat, 1982: 350 ; Johnson, 1992: 367 .Color of head: black. Hyperoccipital carina: present. Frontal depression: absent. Malar striae: present. Facial striae: present. Setation of eyes: sparse, with few scattered fine hairs. Sculpture of frons: primarily rugulose. Setation of frons: sparsely setose throughout. Submedian carina: present. Interantennal process: produced anteriorly, margined by depression. Central keel: present. Transverse pronotal carina: present. Color of pronotum: dark brown to black. Pronotal cervical sulcus: present. Mesepimeral sulcus: absent. Sulcus along mesopleural carina: absent. Mesoscutal suprahumeral sulcus: absent. Mesoscutal humeral sulcus: present as an uninterrupted groove. Median mesoscutal line: present. Color of mesoscutum: dark brown to black. Sculpture of mesoscutum: rugulose. Notaulus: complete. Visibility of notaulus: slightly obscured by mesoscutal sculpture. Parapsidal line: present. Sculpture of mesoscutellum: rugulose. Shape of axillular carinae in lateral view: without a posteroventral hooklike projection. Color of axillular carina: yellow. Sculpture of T3–6: strigate and finely punctate. Median carina on T1–T4: absent.This species can be distinguished by the anteriorly produced interantennal process and the presence of the central keel.India .India: School of Entomology, St. John’s College; USNMENT 01109962. India: 1 female, OSUC 875044 (CNCI).Holotype, male: Taxon classificationAnimaliaHymenopteraScelionidae683C18AF-8826-5B08-8C8B-D9C0307CD016https://zoobank.org/A33B1DD4-261B-4969-957E-26E7C3D654A1Color of head: black. Hyperoccipital carina: absent. Frontal depression: present, shallow. Malar striae: present. Facial striae: present. Setation of eyes: absent. Sculpture of frons: smooth above interantennal prominence, areolate laterally. Setation of frons: sparsely setose throughout. Submedian carina: absent. Interantennal process: undifferentiated. Central keel: absent. Transverse pronotal carina: absent. Color of pronotum: red. Pronotal cervical sulcus: present. Mesepimeral sulcus: present. Sulcus along mesopleural carina: foveolate. Mesoscutal suprahumeral sulcus: present. Mesoscutal humeral sulcus: present, foveolate. Median mesoscutal line: absent. Color of mesoscutum: red. Sculpture of mesoscutum: areolate-rugose. Notaulus: complete. Visibility of notaulus: slightly obscured by mesoscutal sculpture. Parapsidal line: present. Sculpture of mesoscutellum: smooth. Shape of axillular carinae: without a posteroventral hooklike projection. Color of axillular carina: yellow. Sculpture of T3–6: rugulose and finely punctate. Median carina on T1– T4: absent.D.rugosus by its reddish mesosoma and the smooth mesoscutellum.This species can be distinguished from rubyae in honor of the first author’s grandmother, Ruby Thomas. The name also refers to the red coloration of the mesosoma. This epithet is treated as a noun in the genitive case.The epithet Madagascar .Holotype, female: Madagascar: Prov. Antsiranana, Forêt de Binara, 375m; CASENT 2134207 (CAS). Paratypes. Madagascar: 19 females, 7 males, CASENT 2043443–2043447, 2131300–2131302, 2134208–2134212, 2137245, 2137863 (CAS), OSUC 874887, 874942 (CNCI); CASENT 2042724–2042725, 2043436-2043442, 2134212, 2137245, 2137863 (OSUC).There is some variation in the visibility of the notauli. In most specimens, the notauli were obscured by the mesoscutal sculpture, but one specimen (CASENT 2137863) had clearly defined notauli.Taxon classificationAnimaliaHymenopteraScelionidaeKiefferBED2E917-4A7B-5C93-BE08-F7E2A849A957Dichoteleasrugosus Kieffer, 1907: 297 ; Kieffer, 1926: 351 ; Dodd, 1926: 370 (description); Masner, 1965: 72 (type information); Galloway, 1976: 90 (type information); Johnson, 1992: 367 .Dichoteleaspappi Szabó, 1971: 319 ; Color of head: black. Hyperoccipital carina: absent. Frontal depression: absent. Malar striae: present. Facial striae: present. Setation of eyes: absent. Sculpture of frons: smooth above interantennal prominence, areolate laterally. Setation of frons: sparsely setose throughout. Submedian carina: absent. Interantennal process: undifferentiated. Central keel: absent. Transverse pronotal carina: present. Color of pronotum: dark brown to black. Pronotal cervical sulcus: present. Mesepimeral sulcus: present. Sulcus along mesopleural carina: foveolate. Mesoscutal suprahumeral sulcus: absent. Mesoscutal humeral sulcus: present, foveolate. Median mesoscutal line: absent. Color of mesoscutum: dark brown to black. Sculpture of mesoscutum: punctate with longitudinal striations between notauli. Notaulus: complete. Visibility of notaulus: unobscured. Parapsidal line: present. Sculpture of mesoscutellum: punctate. Shape of axillular carinae in lateral view: without a posteroventral hooklike projection. Color of axillular carina: brown. Sculpture of T3–6: rugulose and finely punctate. Median carina on T1–T4: absent.Dichoteleasrugosus can be distinguished from D.striatus by its setose and punctate mesosoma and other Dichoteleas by its bidentate mandibles.Australia (Queensland).Holotype, male, D.rugosus: Australia: QLD, Mackay; OCT-1897, B.M. TYPE HYM. 9.496.; Australia: 4 females, 2 males, OSUC 367523, 367536 (ANIC), OSUC 875046–875047, 875871–875872 (CNCI).D.rugosus was missing parapsidal lines. They are present but obscured by the sculpture of the mesoscutum.In the original description, Taxon classificationAnimaliaHymenopteraScelionidaeCE5BC783-73CD-5F07-9DBD-D2F5EB4EC053https://zoobank.org/985F5CD2-7A6E-4546-8CDA-FCFF2BBFE104Color of head: black. Hyperoccipital carina: present. Frontal depression: absent. Malar striae: absent. Facial striae: present. Setation of eyes: absent. Sculpture of frons: primarily smooth with weak transverse striations above the IAP. Setation of frons: mostly glabrous with sparse setation laterally. Submedian carina: absent. Interantennal process: undifferentiated. Central keel: absent. Transverse pronotal carina: present. Color of pronotum: dark brown to black. Pronotal cervical sulcus: present. Mesepimeral sulcus: present. Sulcus along mesopleural carina: absent. Mesoscutal suprahumeral sulcus: present. Mesoscutal humeral sulcus: present as an uninterrupted groove. Median mesoscutal line: absent. Color of mesoscutum: dark brown; black. Sculpture of mesoscutum: primarily smooth with longitudinal striations between notauli. Notaulus: complete. Visibility of notaulus: slightly obscured by mesoscutal sculpture. Parapsidal line: present. Sculpture of mesoscutellum: smooth. Shape of axillular carinae in lateral view: without a posteroventral hooklike projection. Color of axillular carina: brown. Sculpture of T3–6: weakly strigate and finely punctate. Median carina on T1–T4: absent.D.ambositrae by the longitudinal striations between the notauli and the black/brown pronotum and from D.rugosus by its glabrous mesosoma.This species can be distinguished from The epithet refers to the longitudinal striations present on the mesoscutum. This epithet is treated as an adjective.Madagascar .Holotype, female: Madagascar: Prov. Fianarantsoa, 1130m, PN Ranomafana, radio tower; CASENT 2043988 (CAS). Paratypes. Madagascar: 93 females, 64 males, CASENT 2043198, 2043540, 2043564–2043565, 2043989, 2118400, 2118404, 2118444, 2131303–2131316, 2132729, 2132737, 2133921–2133922, 2134086, 2134150, 2134156, 2134161, 2134169, 2134198–2134200, 2134203– 2134204, 2134523, 2135869, 2135989, 2136263, 2136415, 2137236, 2137832, 2137876, 2137937, 2138216 (CAS); CASENT 2042824, 2042844–2042857, 2042967–2042976, OSUC 146657, 229802 (OSUC); OSUC 218026 (USU); OSUC 874879–874883, 874885–874886, 874888–874941, 874943–874964 (CNCI).There was some variation in the length and the number of the longitudinal striations on the mesoscutum. In fewer than half of the specimens, the striations started anteriorly and terminated around the middle of the mesoscutum. In the majority of the specimens, the striations started anteriorly and terminated at the posterior margin of the mesoscutum.Taxon classificationAnimaliaHymenopteraScelionidaeDodd82147B10-F745-5257-B6F7-FE7446A2F4B3Dichoteleassubcoeruleus Dodd, 1926: 370, 371 ; Color of head: metallic blue. Hyperoccipital carina: absent. Frontal depression: absent. Malar striae: absent. Facial striae: present. Setation of eyes: absent. Sculpture of frons: smooth above interantennal prominence, areolate laterally. Setation of frons: sparsely setose throughout. Submedian carina: present. Interantennal process: undifferentiated. Central keel: absent. Transverse pronotal carina: present. Color of pronotum: dark brown to black. Pronotal cervical sulcus: absent. Mesepimeral sulcus: present. Sulcus along mesopleural carina: foveolate. Mesoscutal suprahumeral sulcus: absent. Mesoscutal humeral sulcus: present as an uninterrupted groove. Median mesoscutal line: present. Color of mesoscutum: metallic blue. Sculpture of mesoscutum: rugulose. Notaulus: complete. Visibility of notaulus: unobscured. Parapsidal line: present. Sculpture of mesoscutellum: smooth. Shape of axillular carinae in lateral view: without a posteroventral hooklike projection. Color of axillular carina: yellow. Sculpture of T3–4: rugulose and finely punctate. Median carina on T1–T4: present.D.indicus by the median carina on T1–T4.This species can be distinguished by the presence of the median mesoscutual line and can be distinguished from Australia (Queensland)Holotype, female: Australia: Queensland, Mossman, SAMA 32-00145 (SAMA). Australia: 13 females, 4 males, OSUC 367522, 367527–367542 (ANIC).Taxon classificationAnimaliaHymenopteraScelionidaeB9DCAA05-F236-5112-BA23-6F99F9367F34https://zoobank.org/C86B76DC-5B02-4FDF-842F-60F2E98B4B06Color of head: black. Hyperoccipital carina: present. Frontal depression: absent. Malar striae: present. Facial striae: present. Setation of eyes: absent. Sculpture of frons: smooth above interantennal prominence, areolate laterally. Setation of frons: sparsely setose throughout. Submedian carina: absent. Interantennal process: undifferentiated. Central keel: absent. Transverse pronotal carina: present. Color of pronotum: dark brown to black. Pronotal cervical sulcus: present. Mesepimeral sulcus: present. Sulcus along mesopleural carina: foveolate. Mesoscutal suprahumeral sulcus: absent. Mesoscutal humeral sulcus: present as an uninterrupted groove. Median mesoscutal line: absent. Color of mesoscutum: black with xanthic posterolateral corners. Sculpture of mesoscutum: punctate. Notaulus: complete. Visibility of notaulus: unobscured. Parapsidal line: present. Sculpture of mesoscutellum: smooth. Shape of axillular carinae in lateral view: without a posteroventral hooklike. Color of axillular carina: slighter lighter than mesoscutellum. Sculpture of T3–6: punctate. Median carina on T1–T4: absent.D.umbra can be distinguished from D.rugosus by the xanthic posterolateral corners of the mesoscutum. This species differs from D.hamatus and D.striatus by the punctate mesoscutum.umbra is from the Latin word for shadow or shade, referring to the dark color. This epithet is treated as a noun.The name Tanzania (Uluguru Mts.).Holotype, female: Tanzania: Uluguru Mts. Lupanga, East, 1300m; OSUC 875037 (CNCI). Paratypes. Tanzania: 1 female, 1 male, OSUC 875038-875039 (CNCI).There were a few specimens that did not fit into these species descriptions. We have chosen to not formally describe them because all were male and only 1–2 specimens were available.Unknown 1Material examined. Madagascar: 1 male, CASENT2042862 (CAS).D.indicus, but it lacks a central keel and submedian carinae on the frons.Diagnosis. This specimen has an anteriorly produced IAP, similar to Unknown 2Material examined. India: 2 males, OSUC 875042, OSUC 875043 (CNCI).Diagnosis. These specimens have a curved carina in the shape of an inverted “U” present on the frons. It appears to join the facial striae anteriorly. Submedian carinae are present, and there is a blunt medial projection on the mesoscutellum. The specimens were collected in southern India, Tamil Nadu state (Coimbatore and the Anaimlai Hills).


P. aeruginosa (PSA).Infections caused by multi-drug resistant (MDR) Gram-negative pathogens are increasingly problematic in healthcare settings and are associated with worse clinical outcomes in critically ill patients. We conducted a multicenter real-world evaluation of culture turn-around time (TAT), associated inadequate empiric (IET) and definitive therapy (IDT) in carbapenem susceptible (Carb-S) and non-susceptible (Carb-NS) Enterobacterales (ENT) and Hospitalized adults (≥ 18 years old) with facility reported antibiotic susceptibility from 2018-2022 across 161 facilities  were identified for non-contaminant Carb-S/Carb-NS ENT and PSA across respiratory, blood, urine, intra-abdominal, skin/wound, and other sources. We evaluated antibacterial therapy as IET (prior to first susceptibility result) and IDT (48hrs post first susceptibility result & not discharged) by culture TAT (date/time first susceptibility results – date/time culture collection).Figure 2) and overall IDT was 25.2% and 26.0% in Carb-NS ENT and Carb-NS PSA, respectively. Median time to positive susceptibility result was longer in Carb-NS ENT vs. Carb-S ENT (67 vs. 53 hrs) and longer in Carb-NS PSA vs. Carb-S PSA (68 vs. 62 hrs) .We identified 345,245 ENT of which 1.8%  were Carb-NS and 60,143 PSA of which 17.2%  were Carb-NS. IDT was lower than IET in Carb-S ENT (12.9% vs. 5.1%), Carb-NS ENT (53.5% vs. 25.2%), Carb-S PSA (28.4% vs. 11.0%), and Carb-NS PSA (53.5% vs. 26.0%) pathogen results. IDT was also lower than IET at each 12-hour increment of availability of susceptibility results (There was a reduction in inadequate therapy prescribed once cultures were available (IET to IDT) overall and across each of the 12-hr TAT to susceptibility results periods evaluated in Carb-S and Carb-NS ENT and PSA positive cases. Both IET and IDT were higher in patients with either Carb-NS ENT or Carb-NS PSA than Carb-S patients. However, more than 25% of patients with Carb-NS ENT/PSA were prescribed IDT within 48 hours of a susceptibility result. These data support efforts to improve TAT to susceptibility results and can inform protocols and workflow that guide empiric and definitive therapy.Todd Riccobene, PhD, AbbVie: Employee salary|AbbVie: Stocks/Bonds ChinEn Ai, MPH, Becton, Dickinson and Company: Employee Kalvin Yu, MD, FIDSA, BD: Stocks/Bonds Sara Gregory, PhD, Becton, Dickinson and Company: Employee John L. Lock, PharmD, AbbVie: Employee|AbbVie: Stocks/Bonds Brooke Kim, RN, BSN, MSM, AbbVie: Employee|AbbVie: Stocks/Bonds Vikas Gupta, PharmD, Becton, Dickinson and Company (BD): Employee of BD|Becton, Dickinson and Company (BD): Stocks/Bonds


VitB5 level becomes limiting in sarcomas. It is regulated by the pantetheinase activity of VNN1. VNN1 expression in sarcomas is associated with better prognosis and immune infiltration. In mice, complementation with pantethine, a vitB5 precursor, boosts antitumor immunity. PMID: 37833072.Article: Miallot R, Millet V, Roger A, Fenouil R, Tardivel C, Martin J-C, Tranchida F, Shintu L, Berchard P, Sousa Lanza J, Malissen B, Henri S, Ugolini S, Dutour A, Finetti P, Bertucci F, Blay J-Y, Galland F, Naquet P (2023 Oct 13) The coenzyme A precursor pantethine enhances anti-tumor immunity in sarcoma. Life Sci Alliance 6(12): e202302200. doi: This revised version of our article adds Fabrice TRANCHIDA as a coauthor. His name was inadvertently omitted from the original version. Fabrice Tranchida performed the analysis of the NMR data.


The activity of ISC and other azoles against non-AFM and cryAsp causing IA worldwide was evaluated.Isavuconazole (ISC) is considered first-line therapy for the treatment of invasive aspergillosis (IA). There is limited data on antifungal susceptibility testing of clinically relevant non-n=161; 17 centers), North America , Asia-Pacific , and Latin America . Isolates were identified by MALDI-TOF MS and/or ITS/β-tubulin sequencing and tested by CLSI broth microdilution. CLSI epidemiological cut-off values were applied, where available.A total of 390 non-AFM, including 63 cryAsp isolates, were collected (1/patient) in 2017–2021 from 41 medical centers located in Europe , Terrei , Nidulans , Versicolores , and Circumdati . Similar activity was displayed by other azoles against those Aspergillus sections. Most of the isolates from A. sections Fumigati (n=9), Nigri (n=146), and Usti (n=12) exhibited elevated MIC values to ISC , VRC , ITC , and PSC , respectively. The activity of ISC and other azoles against cryAsp, A. niger and A. terreus, when identified to the species level, are listed in the Table. ISC was active  against A. parasiticus, A. tamarii, A. nomius, A. nidulans, A. unguis, A. terreus, A. alabamensis, and A. hortai, while ISC MIC values between 2–8 mg/L were observed against cryAsp from A. section Fumigati. ISC inhibited 96.1% of A. niger and 80.0% of A. tubingensis at ≤ 4 mg/L, the CLSI wildtype cut-off value for A. niger. VRC, ITC, and PSC showed similar activity to ISC against most cryAsp.ISC showed activity against in vitro activity against non-AFM, including cryAsp. However, the activity of ISC and other azoles vary among and within cryAsp species. Susceptibility testing is critical to guide treatment of cryAsp causing IA.ISC exhibited potent Cecilia G. Carvalhaes, MD, PhD, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support|bioMerieux: Grant/Research Support|Cipla: Grant/Research Support|CorMedix: Grant/Research Support|Melinta: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support Paul Rhomberg, BS, MT(ASCP), bioMerieux: Grant/Research Support|Melinta: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support Valerie Kantro, BA, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi: Grant/Research Support Beth Hatch, BS, MT(ASCP), Pfizer: Grant/Research Support Mariana Castanheira, PhD, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support|Basilea: Grant/Research Support|bioMerieux: Grant/Research Support|Cipla: Grant/Research Support|CorMedix: Grant/Research Support|Entasis: Grant/Research Support|Melinta: Grant/Research Support|Paratek: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi: Grant/Research Support


In a world where insects and notably bees are declining, assessing their distribution over time and space is crucial to evaluate species status and highlight conservation priorities. However, this can be a daunting task, especially in areas such as tropical oceanic islands where exhaustive samplings over time have been lacking. This is the case in New Caledonia, an archipelago located in the southwest Pacific. Historical records of bee species are piecemeal and, although contemporary samplings have significantly advanced our knowledge of the bee fauna of New Caledonia, the status of several species remains to be elucidated.Hylaeusalbonitens). We consider here that 30 species are effectively present on the territory and the presence of 21 species could not be determined due to a lack of data, which highlights the need to increase sampling efforts across New Caledonia. Given the difficulty of exhaustively sampling the entire archipelago, we would recommend taking, as a starting point, altitude environments and areas where data-deficient species were captured. In a broader perspective, biomolecular analyses are crucial to confirm species identifications. This is also needed to make comparisons between archipelagoes and thus clarify the distribution and status of species at the scale of the southwest Pacific.Here, we provide an updated checklist of the 51 bee species recorded for New Caledonia using previous publications and personal samplings. We documented their distribution, origin  and the year and location of their occurrences. Based on the year of their first capture and the year of their last capture, we determined an occurrence status for each species. Thus, 10 years after the last checklist of the New Caledonian bee fauna, the literature review and recent samplings allowed us to add six new species to the list. Half of them are recently introduced species including one firstly mentioned in this paper (i.e.  Insects and notably bees are declining worldwide . For 50 Squamata; New Caledonia is located in the southwest Pacific. This French overseas archipelago is part of the Australasian biogeographic realm. Historically, the archipelago went through a total submersion event between 75 and 60 Mya and likely at least a partial submersion event between 34 and 25 Mya  and has th century to the middle of the 20th century, very few mentions and descriptions of bees were published for New Caledonia . This is why, in this paper, we provide an updated checklist of the bee fauna of New Caledonia. We provide their status, distribution and main synonymies. We also provide every occurrence (date and location) found in the literature and in our samplings, together with a comprehensive list of the plant species they visit.For the last ten years, we have realised three bee sampling campaigns and opportunistic captures in several localities through New Caledonia e.g.  and we fThe checklist provided here results from: i) a review of existing literature and ii) additional data from recent field samplings.https://inpn.mnhn.fr) taxonomic repository TaxRef (Lasioglossuminstabilis (Cockerell 1914) in the publications reviewed . Therefore, this species appears as L.instabile in this checklist. We also systematically verified species distribution outside New Caledonia using GBIF  and completed the information based on our own expertise . We noted every country in which each species has been observed.Reviewed publications were retrieved from three methods. First, we retrieved 15 publications from GoogleScholar using the key words “New Caledonia” and “bees”. Then, eight were retrieved from the personal library of H. Jourdan. Finally, we retrieved 14 additional publications of interest  cited in the former publications. In total, we scanned 37 publications. Amongst them, 23 were of interest and used in this work . Each transect was walked for 25 min during which bees interacting with flowers were captured using nets. In addition, in each site, 16 pan traps  were distributed during 48 h.The second dataset comes from a sampling conducted in 2019, from February to April, in Nouméa and the Tontouta Valley. Nouméa is the main city of the archipelago, with 99,926 inhabitants for an area of 45.7 km². Within the city, three sites were sampled, separated by at least 3 km. These three sites were: (i) the park of the French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development (Institut de Recherche pour le Développement); (ii) the Parc Zoologique et Forestier Michel Corbasson and (iii) the Tjibaou Cultural Centre. The Tontouta Valley is located 30 km north of Nouméa. Within the Tontouta Valley, three sites were sampled, separated by at least 3 km. In each site, the plant species presenting the most abundant floral resources were sampled. Depending on the number of available flowering species, up to four plant species were observed during each sampling session. For each plant species, bees contacting flowers in a 1 m² quadrat were captured using nets during 10 minutes. In total, each Tontouta Valley site was sampled 10 times and each Nouméa site 11 times.The third dataset comes from a sampling realised in 2022, from March to June, in 14 sites along an urbanisation gradient running from Nouméa to the Col de Mouirange  or "data deficient" if individuals were captured in only one year.Megachilealbomarginata was mentioned as endemic to New Caledonia in M.albomarginata appears as native to New Caledonia in the present checklist. Species present elsewhere than in New Caledonia without any mention of an alien origin in the archipelago were categorised as native. Then, native species only present in New Caledonia were categorised as endemic here. Finally, for alien species, we used the definition given by Information on the distribution of species was used to determine or correct species origin status. Indeed, for most of the species listed here, their status does not appear in the reviewed publications or may not be valid anymore. For example, Species for which taxonomic validity and/or for which effective presence in New Caledonia could not be acknowledged with a high degree of confidence (i.e. undetermined species and data-deficient species) are indicated by an asterisk in the checklist.33767012-8211-5949-A67C-B849DB0D5017Anthophoraholmesi Rayment, 1947;Anthophoraparapulchra Rayment, 1947;Anthophoraperpulchrawallaciella Rayment, 1947;Anthophorapulchratownleyella Rayment, 1947;Anthophorapulchra Smith, 1854;Anthophorasalteri Cockerell, 1905;Anthophorashafferyella Rayment, 1947;Amegillaholmesi ;Amegillaparapulchra ;Amegillasalteri ;Amegillashafferyella ;Amegillatownleyella ;Amegillawallaciella Acanthaceae: Ruelliasimplex ; Apocynaceae: Neriumoleander ; Convolvulaceae: Evolvulus sp. , Ipomoea sp. ; Lamiaceae: Plectranthus sp. ; Lythraceae: Cuphea sp. ; Rubiaceae: Hameliapatens , Rutaceae: Murrayapaniculata ; Solanaceae: Solanumlycopersicum , Solanumtorvum ; Verbenaceae: Stachytarphetacayennensis , Durantaerecta  (new records).AlienZonamegilla - Popov, 1950 - is mostly present in Australia .L., 1758333D2C5F-A182-5FC3-9A32-C7B53753D591A large range of endemic, native and alien plants (including invasive ones).AlienCosmopolitan subspecies. Ubiquitous in New Caledonia, but absent from Belep Islands and Tiga.Apismelliferamellifera was first introduced in 1848 from France by priests on Lifu Island for the production of wax candles. It subsequently spread to the mainland and the Isle of Pines in 1853, as well as to Maré during the same period .AlienCosmopolitan subspecies. Ubiquitous in New Caleodnia, but absent from Belep islands and Tiga.Apismelliferaligustica was introduced periodically by the end of the 19th and the beginning of 20th centuries on the mainland as mentioned by 6891C0BC-927B-5097-AD7D-A3ED465FAA49Allodapepuangensis Cockerell, 1929Anacardiaceae: Schinusaroeira (ex. Schinusterebinthifolius) ; Araliaceae: Polysciasscutellaria ; Asteraceae: Sphagneticolatrilobata ; Lamiaceae: Ocimumbasilicum , Plectranthus sp. ; Lythraceae: Cuphea sp. ; Portulacaceae: Portulacaumbraticola ; Rubiaceae: Hameliapatens ; Solanaceae: Solanumtorvum ; Verbenaceae: Clerodendrumugandense , Durantaerecta , Stachytarphetacayennensis  (new records).AlienNative range: India, Malaysia, Myanmar, Singapore, Thailand. Alien range: Fiji , French Historical data in New Caledonia: Nouméa: Anse Vata, IRD park, 16 Mar 2019, one female; 19 Mar 2019, one female; 21 Mar 2019, one male; 23 Mar 2019, one individual; 2 Apr 2019, two females; 10 Apr 2019, two females. Rivière Salée, 16 Mar 2022, two individuals; Tuband, 16 Mar 2022, one individual. Musée de la Ville, 18 Mar 2022, two individuals; 24 Mar 2022, one individual; 27 Apr 2022, three individuals. Magenta Tours, 29 Mar 2022, four individuals; 31 Mar 2022, one individual. Dumbéa: RM 15, Pépinière Botanea, 05 Feb 2020. Four females. Mont Dore: Saint Michel, 20 Apr 2022, four individuals; Vallon Dore, 20 Apr 2022, seven individuals; 21 Apr 2022, one individual; La Conception, 23 Mar 2022, one individual .This species was first detected in New Caledonia in 2019 . This caFriese, 191483AB15DF-4F6F-562A-961A-8C9147802AC2Verbenaceae: Stachytarphetaaustralis , S.cayennensis  ; Goodeniaceae: Scaevolasericea (native); Lythraceae: Cuphea sp. ; Passifloraceae: Turneraulmifolia ; Portulacaceae: Portulacaumbraticola , Tribulusrepens  (new records).  ; EuphorbAlien. This species is known to have been introduced in the southWest Pacific .Native range: Hong Kong, Indonesia, Malaysia, Taïwan, Thailand. Alien range: Hawaii, Cook islands, French Polynesia, Mauritius, Vanuatu, Solomon, Fiji, Samoa .Historical data in New Caledonia: 16 km SE La Foa, 20-22 Dec 1991, one female. Dec 1979-Sep 2008, three females . Tiga, 9This carpenter bee nests in twigs. Several individuals may be observed in the same tunnel ; Dilleniaceae: Hibbertiaheterotricha (native), Hibbertiapulchella (native), Hibertia sp. (native); Myrtaceae: Syzygiumquadrangulare (native) ((native) .Historical data in New Caledonia: Mont Koghi, 4-6 Oct 1967, one male. Dec 1979-Sep 2008, five females, no location .Euhesma sp. indet. One in Donovan et al. (2013).This species is named No precise location in AB222A96-D4BD-5081-B035-D5D43A021834Sapindaceae: Litchichinensis   .Historical data in New Caledonia: 3 Jul 1980, one male and one female. Dec 1979-Sep 2008, one male and one female, no location .Euryglossina sp. indet. One in Donovan et al. (2013).This species is named 45313935-CA31-56DB-9672-DD4387D39E0EHistorical data in New Caledonia: Thio: Forêt de Sailles, 9 Dec 2001, two females .Euryglossina sp. indet. Two in Donovan et al. (2013).This species is named Occurrence status: data deficient.*066A2B2A-384F-575E-BDF2-7C802C07B7A0Prosopisalbonitens Cockerell, 1905;Prosopisalbipes , 1924Myrtaceae: Callistemon sp.  (new record).AlienNative range: Australia.Alien range: Hawaii.Historical data in New Caledonia: Voh, near the cemetary, 8 Dec 2022, one male and three females .Hylaeus morphospecies .This species is named Occurrence status: data deficient.*3B085567-0D43-54AB-9B35-C4C8047F7C50Historical data in New Caledonia: Port Laguerre, 11 Apr 2001, one female .Hylaeus sp. indet. Two in Donovan et al. (2013).This species is named Occurrence status: data deficient.43C5E9A4-B922-5458-A6AB-17914D71896EHistorical data in New Caledonia: Thio: Forêt de Sailles, 3 Dec 2001, one female .Hylaeus sp. indet. Three in Donovan et al. (2013).This species is named Occurrence status: data deficient.Michener, 1965C33B2348-9BEE-5700-B85F-153CD6B6B754Araliaceae: Myodocarpusfraxinifolius (native); Celastraceae: Peripterygiamarginata (native) ((native) .EndemicHistorical data in New Caledonia: Nepoui Valley, Jul 1940, one male . Dec 197This species has been recorded in forested or maquis areas including in altitudes (up to 900 m). The recorded host plants and known localities are restricted to ultramafic substrates.7410FDBC-E7BD-5249-8827-49319DB716C8Leioproctus sp. indet. Two in Donovan et al. (2013).This species is named Occurrences: Mont Khogis, 1 Nov 1992, one male , Schinusaoeira ; Arecaceae: Cocosnucifera ; Combretaceae: Terminalia catappa ; Elaeocarpaceae: Elaeocarpusangustifolius (native); Hernandiceae: Hernandianymphaeifolia (native), Hernandiaovigera (native)  (Schinusaroeira (ex. Schinusterebinthifolius) ; Araliaceae: Polysciasscutellaria ; Rubiaceae: Hameliapatens  (new records).(native) ; Hernand  ; AnacardLikely alien. Donovan (1983) hypothesised that this species could be alien because individuals were captured in a few localities in the vincinity of Noumea, suggesting a recent establishment.Australia.Historical data in New Caledonia: Nouméa, 27 May 1977, three males and two females . Nouméa,The alien status remains to be confirmed.C2FD8619-1847-5B81-B6AC-72F70C95476ELipotrichescheesmanae ;Nomiacheesmanae Michener, 1965;Nomianuda Cheesman, 1953Myoporaceae: Myoporumcrassifolium (native)  (new record).(native) ; ArecaceEndemicHistorical data in New Caledonia: Lifou, Cap des Pins, 18 Nov 1949-18 jan. 1950, one female. Lifou, We, 30-31 Jan 1962, one female; Feb 1962, two males; 16-18 Feb 1963, two males and 3 females. Ouvea, Fayaoué, Jan 1969, two males. Maré, 13 Nov 2002, one female. Lifou, 2006, four females. Lifou, Koumo, 7 Dec 2006, two males and two females . Lifou, Donovan, Pauly & Munzinger, 20133EB95212-A459-555D-B968-AFD263E58372Sennaoccidentalis   (new records).  ; Senna senna sp. ; PolygonEndemicHistorical data in New Caledonia: Dec 1979-Sep 2008, one female . Mt Do, Donovan, Pauly & Munzinger, 201340B5CBF9-F35F-5138-BC00-7BBCF3076527NativeVanuatuHistorical data in New Caledonia: Lifou, Cap des Pins, 18 Nov 1949-18 Jan 1950, two males. Lifou, We, 30-31 Jan 1962, 32 females; Feb 1962, two males and five females; 16-18 Feb 1963, two females; 1 Aug 2003, two females. Ouvea, Fayaoue, Feb 1963, one female. Lifou, 26-27 Mar 1968, one female . Mt Koghis, 17 km NE Nouméa, 22 Dec 1992, one male AF51F60E-F75D-58D2-8F06-5270379007A5Nomiasicheli Vachal, 1897;Nomiawilmattae Cockerell, 1929Polysciaspancheri (Melastomataceae: Melastomadenticulatum (native); Violaceae: Agatealongipedicellata (native); Babingtonia sp., Myoporumcrassifolium, Poinsettia sp., Eugenia sp., Scaevola sp., Stypheliapancheri (native) (Pauly & Muzinger 2003); Anacardiaceae: Schinusterebinthifolia ; Apocynaceae: Parsonsiacrebriflora (native); Araliaceae: Polysciassessiliflora (native), Polyscias sp. (native), unknown (native); Asteraceae: Ageratumconyzoides ; Celastraceae: Peripterygiamarginata (native); Combretaceae: Lumnitzeraracemosa (native); Connaraceae: unknown (native); Cunoniaceae: Codiadiscolor (native); Dilleniaceae: Hibbertiabouletii (native), Hibbertialucens (native), Hibbertiapancheri (native), Hibbertiapulchella (native), Hibbertia sp. (native); Ericaceae: Dracophyllumverticillatum (native), Stypheliacf.cymbulae (native); Escalloniaceae: Argophyllummontanum (native); NA: Cassiafistula (native), Cassia sp. (native), Storckiellapancheri (native), Storckiella sp. (native); Euphorbiaceae: Euphorbia sp. ; Goodeniaceae: Scaevolabeckii (native), Scaevolacylindrica (native), Scaevolaerosa (native), Scaevolamontana (native); Joinvilleaceae: Joinvillea sp. (native); Lamiaceae: Mentha sp. ; Loganiaceae: Geniostomadensiflorum (native); Malpighiaceae: Tristellateiaaustralasiae (native); Melastomataceae: Melastomamalabathricum (native); Mimosaceae: Acaciaspirorbis (native); Leucaenaleucocephala , Mimosadiplotricha ; Myodocarpaceae: Myodocarpusfraxinifolius (native); Myrsinaceae: Tapeinospermaoblongifolium (native); Myrtaceae: Cloeziaartensis (native), Cloezia sp. (native), Melaleucagnidioides (native), Melaleucaquinquenervia (native), Myrtastrumrufopunctatum (native), Myrtus sp. (native), Psidiumguajava , Sannanthaleratii (native), Sannantha sp. (native), Syzygiumjambolanum , Syzygiumlateriflorum (native), Syzygiumquadrangulare (native), Tristaniopsiscalobuxus (native), Tristaniopsisglauca (native), Tristaniopsisvieillardii (native), Uromyrtusemarginata (native), unknown 1 (native), unknown 2 (native); Phrymaceae: Mimulus sp. ; Proteaceae: Grevilleaexul (native), Stenocarpusmilnei (native), Stenocarpusumbelliferus (native), Stenocarpus sp. (native); Rhamnaceae: Alphitonianeocaledonica (native); Rubiaceae: Normandianeocaledonica (native); Sapindaceae: Guioavillosa (native), Litchichinensis , Storthocalyxpancheri (native); Sennaoccidentalis ; Solanaceae: Solanumtorvum , unknown ; Verbenaceae: Stachytarphetaindica ; Convolvulaceae: Ipomoea sp. .pancheri ; Melastomoea sp. ; AntigonEndemicHistorical data in New Caledonia: Nouméa, 23 Jan 1914. Baie Ngo, 10 Feb 1914. Baie Ouemo, 28 Mar 1914 . Plum FaA01BB4E6-D992-584D-A16A-9D7802F7B045Amaranthaceae: Achyranthesaspera ; Anacardiaceae: Schinusterebinthifolia ; Araliaceae: Polyscias sp. (native); Asteraceae: Bidenspilosa , Blumealacera (native), Conyza sp. , Calendula sp. , Emiliasonchifolia , Tridaxprocumbens , Tridax sp. , Youngiajaponica ; Brassicaceae: Lepidiumvirginicum ; Caesalpiniaceae: Crotalaria sp. ; Cunoniaceae: Geissois sp. (native), Pancheriabillardierei (native); Dilleniaceae: Hibbertiadeplancheana (native), Hibbertialucens (native), Hibbertiapodocarpifolia (native), Hibbertiapulchella (native), Hibbertiatontoutensis (native), Hibbertia sp. (native); Ericaceae: Stypheliacf.cymbulae (native); Euphorbiaceae: Euphorbiahypericifolia , Euphorbialophogona , unknown (native); Goodeniaceae: Scaevolabeckii (native), Scaevolamontana (native), Scaevola sp. (native); Loganiaceae: Geniostomadensiflora (native); Malpighiaceae: Acridocarpusaustrocaledonicus (native); Malvaceae: Sidaacuta , Sidarhombifolia ; Mimosaceae: Acaciaspirorbis (native), Leucaenaleucocephala , Mimosadiplotricha ; Myrtaceae: Melaleucaquinquenervia (native), Metrosiderosoperculata (native), Sannanthaleratii (native), Sannanthavirgata (native), Xanthostemon sp. (native); Onagraceae: Bougainvillea sp. , Ludwigiaoctovalvis (native); Orchidaceae: Eriaxisrigida (native); Papaveraceae: Argemonemexicana ; Proteaceae: Stenocarpusphyllodineus (native); Rubiaceae: Normandianeocaledonica (native); Sapotaceae: Leptostylispetiolata (native); Solanaceae: Solanumlycopersicum , Solanumtorvum , Solanum sp. ; Tiliaceae: Corchorus sp. (native); Verbenaceae: Durantaerecta , Stachytarphetaindica , Verbena sp. ; Violaceae: Agatealongipedicellata (native); Zygophyllaceae: Tribuluscistoides   .NativeVanuatuThis bee appears as the most common native bee in New Caledonia. It has been observed in a wide range of habitats  in the whole archipelago.Homalictusurbanus from Australia; H.aponi is a different species from H.urbanus and we confirm its status as a native species from Vanuatu and New Caledonia.Potential confusion with Pauly & Munzinger, 2003BED028E5-BAFC-5500-8EE6-720A83437399Schinusaroeira (ex. Schinusterebinthifolius) ; Araliaceae: Meryta sp. (native); Arecaceae: Cocosnucifera; Schinusaoeira; Euphorbiaceae: Euphorbia sp. ; Verbenaceae: Verbena sp.  (Euphorbiaceae: Euphorbia sp. (ex. Poinsettia sp.)  ; Malvaceae: Hibiscustiliaceus (native)  (new record).Anacardiceae:   ; Euphorb  ; Araliac(native) ; EuphorbEndemicHistorical data in New Caledonia: Saint Louis, 17 Aug 1940, one female . Ile desDonovan & Pauly, 20150C4316C2-A0AE-519B-8494-2E7DAD2D0438Asteraceae: undetermined species ; Cunoniaceae: Pancheriarobusta (endemic); Dilleniaceae: Hibbertialucens (native), Hibbertiatrachyphylla (native); Ericaceae: Dracophylluminvolucratum (endemic); Goodeniaceae: Scaevolabeckii (endemic); Loganiaceae: Geniostomadensiflorum (endemic); Myrtaceae: Metrosiderosoperculata (native), Metrosideros punctata (endemic); Rubiaceae: Normandianeocaledonica (endemic), Psychotria rupicola (endemic); Rutaceae: Zanthoxyllum sp. (endemic) (Ericaceae: Dracophyllumverticillatum (endemic), Stypheliacfcymbulae (endemic); Melastomataceae: Melastomamalabathricum (ex. Melastomadenticulatum) (native) (Goodeniaceae: Scaevolamontana (endemic) (new records).endemic) ; Ericace(native) ; GoodeniEndemicHistorical data in New Caledonia: Mt Panié, 8-9 Feb 1963, two males and three females. Rivière Bleue, 14 Nov 1963, one female. Tchambouenne 7 km S, 28 Jan 1964, one female. Mt Koghi, 23-27 Oct 1967, one male. W. of Ponerihouen, 31 Jul 1971, one female. Dumbea, 19 Dec 1979, one female. Montagne des sources, 29 Dec 1979, three males and one female. Mont Dzumac, 11 Oct 1980, one female. Montagne des Sources, 22 Oct 1980, one female. Montagne des Sources, 25 Oct 1980, seven females. Koum Riv., 23 Nov 2001, one female. Haute Vallée de la Ni, 23 Oct 2004, one male and one female. Col de Yaté, 14 Nov 2004, one male. Vallée de la Tchamba, 26 Jul 2005, one male. Prony, 21 Aug 2005, one female. Haute Kuébuni, 25 Mar 2007, one female. Boulinda, 2 Sep 2009, one female. Aoupinié, 3 Sep 2010, one female . Dec 197This species has been observed in forested areas, on ultramafic subtrates, but also volcano sedimentary substrates, mostly in altitudes (> 500 m).Pauly & Donovan, 2015D6A20CF6-E727-554F-BF92-D72A5A193568Arecaceae: Cocosnucifera ; Boraginaceae: Heliotropiumfoertherianum (ex. Argusiaargentea) (native); Myrtaceae: Sannanthaleratii (native) ((native) .EndemicHistorical data in New Caledonia: Dec 1979-Sep 2008, one male and two females. Mou, 25 Dec 1979, three females. Houailou, 25 Dec 1979, one male . Yaté, gAccording to known host plant species, this species was observed on south and east coastal habitats on calcareous uplifted reefs.Donovan & Pauly, 2015*86CB60EB-D4F7-5388-8C1D-3AE2EB003886EndemicHistorical data in New Caledonia: Hienghène, 25 Nov 1958, two females  forested areas on ultramafic substrates.Occurrence status: data deficient.Donovan & Pauly, 2015CCF18768-9A41-5571-82F2-F4CCB74A920AAraliaceae: Polysciassessiliflora (endemic), Scheffleravieillardii (endemic); Arecaceae: Cyphokentiacerifera (endemic); Cunoniaceae: Cunoniabalansae (endemic), Geissoisracemosa (endemic); Myrtaceae: Metrosideros sp. (endemic) (Myrtaceae: Longetiabuxoides (endemic) , Myrtacebuxoides .EndemicHistorical data in New Caledonia: Mt Koghi, Dec 1963, one female. Yiambi, NE, 14 Oct 1967, one female. Mts des Koghis, Jan 1969, one female. Col des Roussettes, 3 Feb 1971, one female. Mt Dzumac, 24 Feb 1980, three females (including holotype). Mandjelia Forest, 12 Apr 1980, one female. Mt Khogis, 25 Jan 1996, . Kaala, 8 Dec 2000, six females. Col d’Amos, 16 Nov 2002, one female. Dzumac, 27 Oct 2004, one female. Forêt Nord, 4 Jan 2005, one female. Ponérihouen, forêt de l'Aoupinié, 12-24 Jan 2006, five females. Sarraméa, forêt du col d'Amieu, 14-27 Jan 2006, one female. Plateau de Boakaine, 27 Feb 2013, two females .Donovan & Pauly, 20153AAE6D6E-7FE1-544F-9135-97D090C91133Asteraceae: Argeratum sp. ; Araliaceae: Polysciassessiliflora (endemic), Polyscias sp. (endemic); Myodocarpaceae: Myodocarpus sp. (endemic); Rhamnaceae: Alphitonianeocaledonica (endemic); Sapindaceae: Guioavillosa (endemic), Litchichinensis   .EndemicHistorical data in New Caledonia: Thi River Valley, 6 Nov 1940, one female. Mt Koghi, 1 Feb 1961, one female; 8 Oct 1969, four females. Mt Dzumac, 24 Feb 1980, one female. Thy Valley, 18 Jun 1980, one female; 3 Jul 1980, one female; 5 May 1981, five females (including holotype). Col de Mouirange, 10 Oct 1980, one female. Mts Koghis, Auberge, 23 Jul 2003, one female. Houailou, 30 Jul 2003, one female (paratypes). Haute Vallée de la Ni, 29 Apr 2004, one female. Piste Ni-Dzumacs, 7 May 2004, one female . Dec 197This species has been observed in ultramafic substrates in both maquis and forested areas.Donovan & Pauly, 2015998254E4-3323-5662-A67D-B581D7AE4C74EndemicHistorical data in New Caledonia: Col des Roussettes, 4-6 Feb 1963, one female (holotype). Mt Dzumac, 11 Oct 1980, one female .BF294F69-A376-5778-B445-E6537C4B187AHalictuscrotalariae Cockerell, 1929;Halictusrisbeci Cockerell, 1929Crotalaria sp.  (Cockerell 1929); Araliaceae: Polysciassessiliflora (native), Polyscias sp. (native), unknown (native); Asteraceae: Blumealacera (native); Cunoniaceae: Geissois sp. (native), Pancheriaalaternoides (native), Pancheriabillardierei (native), Pancheriaphylliraeoides (native), Pancheria sp. (native); Dilleniaceae: Hibbertialucens (native), Hibbertiapancheri (native), Hibbertia sp. (native); Ericaceae: Dracophyllumverticillatum (native); Acaciaspirorbis (native); Goodeniaceae: Scaevolabeckii (native), Scaevolacylindrica (native), Scaevolamontana (native), Scaevola sp. (native); Laxmanniaceae: Cordyline sp. (native); Liliaceae: Rhuacophilajavanica (native); Linaceae: Hugoniapenicillanthemum (native); Malpighiaceae: Tristellateiaaustralasiae (native); Malvaceae: Melochiaodorata (native); Melastomataceae: Melastomamalabathricum (native); Myrtaceae: Cloeziafloribunda (native), Melaleucaquinquenervia (native), Metrosiderosoperculata (native), Sannanthaleratii (native), Syzygium sp. (native), Tristaniopsiscalobuxus (native); Onagraceae: Ludwigiaoctovalvis (native); Proteaceae: Grevillea sp. (native), Stenocarpusphyllodineus (native); Rhizophoraceae: Rhizophoraapiculata (native); Rubiceae: Normandianeocaledonica (native); Sapindaceae: Cupaniopsismyrmoctona (native), Guioavillosa (native); Surianaceae: Surianamaritima (native); Asteraceae: Cosmossulphureus ; Brassicaceae: Brassica sp. ; Cassiafistula ; Leucaenaleucocephala ; Mimosadiplotricha ; Lythraceae: Lagerstroemiaindica ; Rutaceae: Citrus sp. ; Verbenaceae: Stachytarpheta sp.  .  ; Babingtaleratii , AryteraEndemicThis species is widespread in the archipelago and has a broad range of host plants, including endemic, native and alien species. It can be found from low to high altitudes on both ultramafic and volcano sedimentary substrates.3A26E9C6-E3C1-5EBC-AD44-4130ADC65B4EAlectryoncarinatum, Brassica sp., Eugeniacf.gacognei, Rhizophoraapiculata, Xanthostemon sp. .This species is named Occurrence status: data deficient.B1A7EF9B-C867-56BB-AD60-F9C717243239Historical data in New Caledonia: Monts des Koghis, Jan 1969, three males .Homalictus sp. indet. Seven in Donovan et al. (2013).This species is named Occurrence status: data deficient.40AC1A25-35FE-50CF-9B6A-4D294ABF49C4This species is mentioned in Occurrence status: data deficient.Pauly, Walker, Munzinger & Donovan, 201303C5CAE4-5D4E-5EF1-82C7-C4F7C775284DApocynaceae: Parsonsia sp. (endemic); Araliaceae: Polysciasdioica (endemic); Dilleniaceae: Hibbertianana (endemic); Ericaceae: Dracophylluminvolucratum (endemic); Liliaceae: Rhuacophilajavanica (native); Phellinaceae: Phellinelucida (native) (Asphodelaceae: Rhuacophilajavanica (endemic); Phellinaceae: Phellinelucida (endemic); Proteaceae: Beaupreapancheri (endemic)  ; Asphodeendemic) . Accordiarpaceae .EndemicHistorical data in New Caledonia: Dec 1979-Sep 2008, one male and 11 females . Mt OuinThis species has been observed in high altitude (up to 1350 m) maquis and forested areas on ultramafic substrates and high altitude (up to 850 m) forested areas on volcano sedimentary substrate.*4B12AA33-57F6-5A21-943B-4646E122743EHalictuselliottii Rayment, 1929;Lasioglossuminstabilis NativeAustraliaHistorical data in New Caledonia: Mt Koghis, 22 Dec 1992, one male and one female .Occurrence status: data deficient.*2BA27C4D-595E-5E17-8459-0291A2EC8F7EHalictusmitchelli Cockerell, 1906;Halictuslanuginosus Smith, F., 1879NativeAustraliaHistorical data in New Caledonia: Upper Vallée La Ni, 2 Nov 1992, two females .Occurrence status: data deficient.C5D5859C-1972-5592-A1AC-AE8A24BD52A0Polygonum sp., Agatealongipedicellata (Schinusterebinthifolius (new records).icellata , SchinusNativeAustraliaThis species was first described from New Caledonia before being discovered in Australia. The status of the three subspecies should be confirmed through molecular analysis.Pauly, Walker, Munzinger & Donovan, 2013191FABCC-A410-5248-98D7-BCFE5BA9351FAraliaceae: Polysciasdioica (native), Polysciassessiliflora (native), Polyscias sp. (native); Asteraceae: Ageratumconyzoides ; Cunoniaceae: Pancheriasebertii (native); Dilleniaceae: Hibbertianana (native); Elaeocarpaceae: Elaeocarpusdognyensis (native), Elaeocarpusspeciosus (native); Ericaceae: Stypheliacfcymbulae (endemic); Goodeniaceae: Scaevolabeckii (endemic); Mimosaceae: Leucaena leucocepala ; Myrtaceae: Syzygiumquadrangulare (native); Sapindaceae: Cupaniopsisoedipoda (endemic), Cupaniopsis sp. (native), Guioavillosa (native), Litchichinensis  ; Ericaceae: Dracophyllumramosum (endemic); Mimosaceae: Leucaenaleucocephala ; Myrtaceae: Syzygiumtetragonum; Phellinaceae: Phellinelucida (endemic); Sapindaceae: Ageratumconyzoides, Elaeocarpusdognyensis, Elaeocarpusspeciosus  ; Araliacpeciosus .NativeAustraliaHistorical data in New Caledonia: Thi River Valley, 8 Nov 1940, one female. Mt Koghi, 28 Nov 1963, one female. Montagne des Sources, 29 Dec 1979, one female; 22 Oct 1980, one female; 25 Oct 1980, two females; 29 Jul 1981, one female. Mt Dzumac, 24 Feb 1980, one female; 4 Dec 2002, three females (including holotype). Thy Valley, 28 May 1980, two females; 18 Jun 1980, 3 females; 3 Jul 1980, six females; 8 Oct 1980, one female; 5 May 1981, 10 females. Thy Valley, Park entrance, 9 Oct 1980, two females. 2 km E Col de Mouirange, 10 Oct 1980, one female. Thy Valley Park, 12 Oct 1980, two females. Mt Koghis, 17 km NNE Nouméa, 24-26 Dec 1991, one female. Upper La Ni Valley, 2 Nov 1992, one female. Rivière Bleue Provincial Park, Trail to Upper Rivière Bleue, 5-16 Nov 1992, one female. Rivière Bleue, 16-17 Nov 1992, one female. Rivière Bleue Provincial Park, Rivière Bleue road, 20-28 Nov 1992, five females. Province Sud, Mt Ouin, 2 Dec 2000, one female. Mont Koghis, 4 Nov 2002, one female. Piste Ni-Dzumac, 7 May 2004, one male. Konguaoulou Nord, 27 Sep 2004, one female. Haute-Ni, 23 Oct 2004, two females; 25 Oct 2004, two females. Goro, embouchure de la Kuébuni, 14 Oct 2005, two females. Mont Koghis, 13 Jan 2007, one female . Dec 197This species was observed in forested areas on ultramafic substrates including in high altitude (> 500 m).Pauly & Munzinger, 200367CB3956-389B-5D39-8BAC-8283566D5F87Verbenaceae: Lantana sp.  (Pauly & Muzinger 2003); Araliaceae: Polysciasdioica (native); Arecaceae: Cyphokentiacerifera (endemic); Cunoniaceae: Geissoisracemosa (native); Dilleniaceae: Hibbertialucens (native); Ericaceae: Dracophyllumramosum (native); Melastomaceae: Melastomamalabathricum (native); Myrtaceae: Myrtastrumrufo-punctatum (endemic); Phellinaceae: Phellinelucida (native); Sapindaceae: Litchichinensis  (Sapindaceae: Litchichinensis (ailen)  ; Sapinda (ailen) .EndemicHistorical data in New Caledonia: Col d’Amieu, 21 Jul 1977, three females . Thy ValThis species has been observed in forested areas on both utramafic and volcano sedimentary substrates, with altitudes ranging from 5 to 1100 m.8CF7938C-EEE4-50BB-BC62-F32F38756B3AAsteraceae: Blumealacera (native); Elaeocarpaceae: Elaeocarpusangustifolius (native); Malvaceae: Sidaacuta ; Polygonaceae: Antigononleptopus , Polygonum sp. ; Solanaceae: Solanumtorvum ; Violaceae: Agatealongipedicellata (endemic) (endemic) .NativeAustraliaHistorical data in New Caledonia: Bourail, 27 May 1927, one female; 1929, one female. Prony, 10 Feb 1999, one female . Dec 197Pauly, Walker, Munzinger & Donovan, 2013D35FCB57-E90E-522A-9CDC-3251AA16E47AMelastomataceae: Melastomamalabathricum (native) ((native) .EndemicHistorical data in New Caledonia: Dec 1979-Sep 2008, one male and one female . Vallée This species has been observed in forested areas mostly in altitudes (> 500 m), on volcano-sedimentary substrates.Pauly, Walker, Munzinger & Donovan, 2013*834093E3-78EB-5D64-AA75-9F4B567E7344EndemicHistorical data in New Caledonia: Ni Valley, 2 Nov 1992, one female (holotype). Mt Koghis, 22 Dec 1992, one male  (endemic) .EndemicHistorical data in New Caledonia: Dec 1979-Sep 2008, one female . PlateauThis species has been observed in forested areas on both volcano-sedimenatry and ultramafic substrates, mostly in altitudes 400-1000 m.*4D3E988C-0F49-5AF1-B9E9-2C04E108F990NativeAustraliaHistorical data in New Caledonia: Mont Kogis, 30 Oct 1992, one female .Occurrence status: data deficient.6755B673-BDCB-5D40-8E57-D5EE845F0EB4Lithurgusalbofimbriatusfroggatti Cockerell, 1914;Lithurgusalbofimbriatus Sichel, 1867;Lithurgusguamensis Cockerell, 1914;Megachilescabrosus Smith, 1859Convolvulaceae: Ipomoea sp. (native) (Ipomoeapescaprae (native) (Convolvulaceae: Ipomoea sp. ((native) , Ipomoea(native) ; Convolvmoea sp. .Likely alien. Pauly & Villemant (2009) hypothesised that this species could have been accidentally introduced.Native range: Indonesia, Malaysia.Alien range: Cook Islands, Fiji, French Polynesia, Guam, Hawaï, Micronesia, northern Mariana Islands, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Vanuatu.Historical data in New Caledonia: Nouméa, Jul 1900. Dec 1979-Sep 2008, three males and four females . BourailSmith, 18534A8D36B4-FBAE-5861-88F5-FB1520314C95Megachilegadara Cameron, 1903;Megachilemcgregori Cockerell, 1918;Megachilemetallescens Cockerell, 1918;Megachileotriades Cameron, 1902;Megachilepenangensis Cockerell, 1918;Megachilerobbii Ashmead, 1904;Megachilesemperi Friese, 1905;Megachilesubignita Cockerell, 1918;Megachilevaridens Cameron, 1905;Megachilecaecina Cameron, 1903;Megachilecinyras Cameron, 1902Durantarepens (Convolvulaceae: Ipomoeapes-caprae (native); Myrtaceae: Sannanthapinifolia (native); Verbenaceae: Durantaerecta  .tarepens ; Convolv  ; AntigonLikely alien. Pauly & Munzinger (2003) hypothesised that this species could be alien because it was captured in Noumea, while visiting an alien plant species.Native range: India to Malaysia, Nepal, Vietnam.Alien rage: Singapore, Maldives, South Africa (remains to be confirmed), widely distributed in the Pacific Region .Historical data in New Caledonia: Nouméa, Jul 1957, one female. Dec 1979-Sep 2008, one male and one female . Nouméa,Cheesman, 1936*7388E0AF-FB5B-59FF-9A0A-C9792713EA05Chalicodomarambutwan NativeVanuatuHistorical data in New Caledonia: Nouméa, Aug 1900, one male .Occurrence status: data deficient.Smith, 1853F11A78C7-F708-56FF-A8C9-8F8794B47C81Megachiledomesticum Perkins, 1899;Megachilelerma Cameron, 1908;Megachileschauinslandi Alfken, 1898;Megachileumbripennisvar.atriventris Friese, 1903;Chalicodomaumbripenne ;Megachileaureobasis Cockerell, 1919.Durantarepens ; Polygonaceae: Antigononleptotus ; Protaceae: Stenocarpus sp. (native); Cytisuscajan   .Likely alien. Pauly & Munzinger (2003) hypothesised that this species could be alien because it was captured in Noumea, while visiting an alien plant species.Native range: China, India, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Laos.Alien range: United States, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Thailand, many Pacific islands including Cook Islands, Fiji, French Polynesia, northern Mariana Islands, Tonga, Hawaii .Historical data in New Caledonia: Dec. 1979-Sep 2008, eight males and two females. Noumea, 15 Oct 1980, two females . Nouméa,Smith, 18796780B3B2-3E97-5687-878D-1E57CA1365C9Violaceae: Agatealongipedicellata (native), Agatearufotomentosa (native); Verbenaceae: Durantaerecta  (Apocynaceae: Parsonsiacrebriflora (native), Rauvolfiasemperflorens (native), unknown (native); Araliaceae: Tieghemopanax sp. (native); Asteraceae: Ageratum sp. , Bidens sp. , Cosmos sp. , Tridaxprocumbens ; Connaraceae: unknown (native); Dilleniaceae: Hibbertiapodocarpifolia (native), Hibbertialucens (native), Hibberta sp. (native); Goodeniaceae: Scaevolabeckii (native), Scaevolaerosa (native), Scaevolamontana (native); Lamiaceae: Ocimumgratissimum ; Mimosaceae: Albizia sp. , Leucaenaleucocephala , Mimosadiplotricha ; Myrtaceae: Callistemon sp. , Psidiumguajava , Syzygiumlateriflorum (native); Proteaceae: Stenocarpus sp. (native); Tiliaceae: Triumfettarhomboidea ; Verbenaceae: Stachytarphetaindica  .  ; Apocyna  ; ApocynaNativeFijiHistorical data in New Caledonia: Nouméa, 22 Jan-1 feb 1914, two females. Mt Mou, 12 Mar 1914, two females. Baie Ouemo, 28 Mar 1914, three males and seven females . HouailoDalla-Torre, 1896*50F7712A-F021-53A0-AD56-956961681CEBNativeIts presence in Australia and Papua New Guinea remains to be confirmed.Historical data in New Caledonia: Coinde, 12 Jan 1912, three males and one female. Bourail, 23 Jan 1912, three females .Megachileaustralis or Megachilealbomarginata). We then hypothesise that those individuals are misidentified individuals of M.albomarginata.The presence of this species is doubtful in New Caledonia as it was only mentioned by Occurrence status: data deficient.Lucas, 187665D1393D-5E11-50F6-96AB-861609544A43Aizoaceae: Sesuviumportulacastrum (native); Wedeliatrilobata ; Apocynaceae: Melodinus sp. (native), Rauvolfiasemperflorens (native); Asteraceae: Bidens sp. , Cosmossulphureus , Cosmos sp. , Sphagneticolatrilobata , Tridaxprocumbens ; Convolvulaceae: Ipomoeapes-caprae (native); Dilleniaceae: Tetracerabillardieri (native); Euphorbiaceae: Cleistanthusstipitatus (native), Euphorbia sp. ; Goodeniaceae: Scaevolasericea (native); Labiatae: Premnaserratifolia (native); Mimosaceae: Leucaenaleucocephala , Mimosadiplotricha ; Myrtaceae: Melaleucaquinquenervia (native), Metrosiderosoperculata (native), Psidiumguajava , Sannantha sp. (native); Onagraceae: Ludwigiaoctovalvis (native); Poaceae: Stenotaphrumsecundatum ; Santalaceae: Santalumaustrocaledonicum (native); Surianaceae: Surianamaritima (native); Tiliaceae: Triumfettarhomboidea ; Verbenaceae: Stachytarphetaaustralis ;Zygophyllaceae: Tribuluscistoides ; Desmodiumincanum (native) .rilobata ; Amarant(native) ; Poinsetttia sp. , AntigonEndemicHistorical data in New Caledonia: Nouméa, Jun 1900, one female. Dec 1979-Sep 2008, 23 males and 32 females . Nouméa,Cockerell, 1914*07A203A9-9C4B-538E-9821-57C65A0E080BNativeGuam, HawaïHistorical data in New Caledonia: Nouméa, Jul 1914, one male .Occurrence status: data deficient.Smith, 1879*2171C6D1-1BFB-5B43-8B31-897140A8A7C4Megachilezingowli Cheesman, 1936;Megachilesimiliszingowli Cheesman, 1936NativeVanuatu .Historical data in New Caledonia: Belep, Île Art, 2 Mar 2017, one male .This species was previously considered as endemic to Vanuatu . At thisOccurrence status: data deficient.Friese, 1905A551F893-AAD4-54CE-A6DB-6A18E4DCB3A8Chalicodomaaurantiaca ;Megachilequodi Vachal, 1907.Violaceae: Agatearufotomentosa (endemic) (Apocynaceae: unknown (native); Nephrodesmusferrugineus (native); Flacourtiaceae: Homaliumbetulifolium (native); Liliaceae: Dianella sp. (native) .endemic) ; Apocyna(native) ; AcaciasEndemicHistorical data in New Caledonia: Dumbéa, 19 Dec 1979, one male. Dec 1979-Sep 2008, two males and six females . MandjelSmith, 1861 *91568F3C-5317-512A-AAFB-538C81F5A6E3NativeSolomon Islands, IndonesiaHistorical data in New Caledonia: Canala, 2 Jan 1912, one female .Occurrence status: data deficient.Halictidae is the most represented family (26 species), followed by Megachilidae (11 species), Colletidae (10 species) and Apidae (4 species).We found 23 publications, dated from 1897 to 2020, mentioning bee species in New Caledonia .Lasioglossumwebbi in 1992) and one is recorded for New Caledonia, based on personal communication with no specimen reported (i.e. Lasioglossum (Austrevylaeus) sp.). As bee samplings in New Caledonia prior to the 21st century have been piecemeal and far from exhaustive, it is difficult to adjudicate on their current presence. Several hypotheses may explain why those species went unrecorded during recent samplings. First, several species may have been misidentified. For example, Megachileaustralasiae may be, in fact, a misidentification of Megachilealbomarginata . An exhaustive sampling of the entire territory at different times of the year would provide a more precise picture of the New Caledonian bee fauna and potentially allow new species to be detected. A starting point to such a project could be to realise further samplings at periods and locations where data-deficient species were captured. This first step could provide additional information to support the presence or absence of these species. Moreover, it seems crucial to apply biomolecular analysis to the New Caledonian bee fauna. Bee species recorded from the archipelago have been described and identified exclusively, based on morphological criteria. This may have induced an over- or underestimation of the actual number of species e.g. .Megachilealbomarginata was considered endemic in Amongst the 41 identified bee species recorded in New Caledonia, 20 were categorised as endemic, 12 as native and nine as alien. However, the status of endemic and native species may evolve over time. First, it is possible that some species considered as endemic to date actually have a wider distribution across the Pacific. For example, Concerning native bee species, biomolecular analysis could clarify the origin of certain species, notably megachilid bees. Biomolecular analysis suggested that Fijian megachilid bees are mostly, if not entirely, the result of anthropogenic displacements . Thus, tAmegillapulchra in 2016, Braunsapispuangensis in 2019 and Hylaeusalbonitens in 2022). New arrivals of alien bee species will likely continue in the years to come  are long-tongued species. This morphological trait may allow alien bees to effectively pollinate alien plants that are poorly pollinated by native bees . The column "references" contains the ID numbers of the publications mentioning the according bee.File: oo_865372.xlsxhttps://binary.pensoft.net/file/865372Zakardjian M, Jourdan H, Cochenille T, Mahé P, Geslin BE8E992C0-B217-5D85-9F12-FEDF77F06C4610.3897/BDJ.11.e105291.suppl2Supplementary material 2Map of the 14 sites sampled to produce the third datasetData typeSampled sitesBrief descriptionBlack squares represent the sampled sites, distributed from Nouméa (delimited by the bold black line) to the Col de Mouirange at the extreme East of the map. Ultramafic substrates appear in brown and non-ultramafic substrates in beige.File: oo_810705.PNGhttps://binary.pensoft.net/file/810705Zakardjian M, Jourdan H, Cochenille T, Mahé P, Geslin B


P< 0.001; median follow-up: 83 days) and was well tolerated. Here, we report final safety from PROVENT at ∼15 months of follow-up.In the PROVENT phase 3 pre-exposure prophylaxis study, AZD7442 (tixagevimab/cilgavimab) reduced symptomatic COVID-19 by 76.7% vs placebo at primary analysis (In PROVENT (NCT04625725), adults without prior SARS-CoV-2 infection or COVID-19 vaccination, with increased risk of inadequate response to vaccination and/or SARS-CoV-2 exposure, were randomized 2:1 to either a 300-mg intramuscular dose of AZD7442 or placebo. Results are reported from the February 22, 2023 final data cut-off. The primary safety endpoint was assessment of adverse events (AEs), serious adverse events (SAEs), medically attended AEs (MAAEs), and AEs of special interest (AESIs). A cardiovascular events adjudication committee independently reviewed and adjudicated 5 event types . Efficacy data have previously been reported.Table). Most AEs were mild to moderate in severity; 256 (7.4%) and 125 (7.2%) of participants in the AZD7442 and placebo groups, respectively, reported an AE of grade 3 (severe) or higher. SAEs occurred in 6.2% and 5.6% of AZD7442 and placebo participants, MAAEs in 28.6% and 25.3%, respectively, and deaths in 0.6% and 0.6%, respectively. AESIs occurred in 3.0% and 2.5% of AZD7442 and placebo participants, respectively, including 0.5% and 0.4% with cardiovascular events categorized as AESIs. Of 88 (2.5%) and 39 (2.2%) participants in AZD7442 and placebo groups with cardiovascular events evaluated by an adjudication committee, 40 (1.2%) and 12 (0.7%) had positively adjudicated events.Across both the AZD7442 and placebo groups, 3669 (69.8%) participants completed the study. Median follow-up was 456 days in the AZD7442 group and 455 days in the placebo group. AEs occurred in 58.2% and 58.0% of participants administered AZD7442 and placebo, respectively (This analysis provides further evidence to support the long-term safety of AZD7442 as prevention for COVID-19.Myron J. Levin, MD, Dynavax: Advisor/Consultant|GSK: Advisor/Consultant|GSK: Grant/Research Support|GSK: Data safety monitoring/Advisory board|Johnson & Johnson: Grant/Research Support|Merck & Co.: Advisor/Consultant|Moderna: Grant/Research Support|Novavax: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Advisor/Consultant|Seqirus: Advisor/Consultant Andrew Ustianowski, MD, PhD, Gilead: Honoraria|Gilead: Advisory Board|GSK: Honoraria|Janssen: Honoraria|Merck: Honoraria|Merck: Advisory Board|Sanofi: Honoraria|ViiV Healthcare/GSK: Advisory Board Stéphane De Wit, MD, AstraZeneca: Financial support for the conduct of this study Rohini Beavon, PhD, AstraZeneca: Employee|AstraZeneca: Stocks/Bonds Jesse Thissen, MSc, AstraZeneca: Employee|AstraZeneca: Stocks/Bonds Seth Seegobin, PhD, AstraZeneca: Employee|AstraZeneca: Stocks/Bonds Katie Streicher, PhD, AstraZeneca: Employee|AstraZeneca: Stocks/Bonds Alexandre Kiazand, MD, AstraZeneca: Employee|AstraZeneca: Stocks/Bonds Mark T. Esser, PhD, AstraZeneca: Employee|AstraZeneca: Stocks/Bonds


Resistance to recently approved β-lactamase inhibitor combinations, such as ceftazidime-avibactam (CAZ-AVI) and meropenem-vaborbactam (MEM-VAB), appears to be increasing among carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) in some US hospitals. We evaluated the frequency and antimicrobial susceptibility of Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) causing pneumonia in US hospitals.Bacterial isolates were consecutively collected (1/patient) from patients hospitalized with pneumonia and the susceptibility of GNBs  was evaluated by broth microdilution. Isolates were collected in 69 medical centers in 2020–2022. Susceptibility testing was performed by CLSI broth microdilution in a monitoring laboratory. Aztreonam-avibactam (ATM-AVI) was tested with AVI at fixed 4 mg/L and a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic susceptible (S) breakpoint of ≤ 8 mg/L was applied for comparison. CRE isolates were screened for carbapenemases (CPE) by whole genome sequencing.P. aeruginosa (22.4% of organisms), K. pneumoniae (8.6%), E. coli (6.6%), S. marcescens (6.2%), S. maltophilia (4.9%), and E. cloacae complex (4.8%). ATM-AVI inhibited 100.0% of ENT at ≤ 8 mg/L and 99.9% at ≤ 4 mg/L and showed potent activity against CRE . CAZ-AVI and MEM-VAB were active against 89.4% and 88.5% of CREs, respectively. ATM-AVI retained activity against ENT non-S to CAZ-AVI and/or MEM-VAB . The most common CPEs were KPC (69.2% of CREs), NDM (9.6%), and SME (4.8%). A CPE gene was not observed in 16.3% of CREs. CAZ-AVI and MEM-VAB were highly active against KPC and SME producers but showed limited activity against MBL producers. The most active comparators against CRE were tigecycline (95.2%S), amikacin (73.1%S), and gentamicin (60.6%S). Among P. aeruginosa, 79.1% were inhibited at ≤8 mg/L of ATM-AVI, 77.2% were MEM-S, and 77.2% were piperacillin-tazobactam-S. ATM-AVI was highly active against S. maltophilia, inhibiting 99.5% of isolates at ≤ 8 mg/L.GNB represented 71.1% of organisms. The most common GNB species were in vitro activity against the GNB most isolated from patients with pneumonia in US hospitals.ATM-AVI demonstrated potent Helio S. Sader, MD, PhD, FIDSA, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support|Basilea: Grant/Research Support|Cipla: Grant/Research Support|Paratek: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi: Grant/Research Support Rodrigo E. Mendes, PhD, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support|Basilea: Grant/Research Support|Cipla: Grant/Research Support|Entasis: Grant/Research Support|GSK: Grant/Research Support|Paratek: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi: Grant/Research Support Leonard R. Duncan, PhD, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support|Basilea: Grant/Research Support|CorMedix: Grant/Research Support|Melinta: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support Timothy Doyle, MS, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support Mariana Castanheira, PhD, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support|Basilea: Grant/Research Support|bioMerieux: Grant/Research Support|Cipla: Grant/Research Support|CorMedix: Grant/Research Support|Entasis: Grant/Research Support|Melinta: Grant/Research Support|Paratek: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi: Grant/Research Support


Correction: BMC Medical Education (2023) 23:186 10.1186/s12909-023-04117-3Following publication of the original article , due to [19] Bawadi H, Abdul Rahim H, Moawad J, Shami R, Du X, El-Awaisi A, Al-Moslih AMI, Diab M, Al-Jayyousi GF. Health sciences students’ and instructors’ perceptions of the emergency switch to virtual internship amid the COVID-19 pandemic: A case from Qatar. Front Med (Lausanne). 2022 Aug 9;9:939416. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2022.939416. PMID: 36,059,828; PMCID: PMC9435433.[20] Bawadi H, Shami R, El-Awaisi A, Al-Moslih A, Abdul Rahim H, Du X, Moawad J, Al-Jayyousi GF. Exploring the challenges of virtual internships during the COVID-19 pandemic and their potential influence on the professional identity of health professions students: A view from Qatar University. Front Med (Lausanne). 2023 Jan 30;10:1107693. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1107693. PMID: 36,793,877; PMCID: PMC9922901.bold typeface.Also, in the Conclusion section, there is a spelling mistake. The incorrect and correct version is highlighted in Incorrect:emegencies.Medical curricula need to create channels to accommodate more in-depth learning approaches in the presence of the COVID-19 pandemic and other Correct:In the conclusion, there is a spelling mistake:emergencies.Medical curricula need to create channels to accommodate more in-depth learning approaches in the presence of the COVID-19 pandemic and other The publishers apologize for this error.The original article has been corrected.


Numerous studies have reported that rates of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infections are increasing. However, data on the epidemiology of healthcare facility-associated (HCFA) NTM are sparse. We performed a multicenter longitudinal study to analyze the epidemiology of NTM at a network of U.S. academic hospitals.We retrospectively analyzed data on positive cultures for NTM obtained from 2012-2020 at a network of 10 U.S. academic hospitals and associated clinics (Table). Variables analyzed included NTM species, specimen source, and hospital admission status. A unique NTM episode was defined as a patient’s first positive culture for a particular NTM species and specimen source category (pulmonary vs. extrapulmonary). Episodes linked to isolates obtained on day 3 or later of hospitalization were considered to represent hospital-onset (HO) NTM. Seven hospitals contributed at least 12 months of baseline data prior to January 2014, and within this closed cohort, trends of NTM incidence rates were estimated with log regression.Characteristics of a 10-hospital network that performed retrospective culture-based NTM surveillance from 2012-2020.M. avium complex , M. abscessus complex , and M. chelonae-M. immunogenum . For 595 (20%) HO episodes, specimen source was extrapulmonary.Across the 10-hospital network, 24,376 total NTM isolates were identified during 19,248,137 patient-days of surveillance; 12,847 (53%) isolates represented unique NTM episodes. Of these episodes, 3,044 (24%) were HO-NTM, which were most commonly caused by Individual hospital incidence rates of HO-NTM were highly variable with a median rate of 1.1 episodes per 10,000 patient-days  (Table). For the 7-hospital closed cohort, the HO-NTM incidence rate decreased from 2.3 to 1.4 episodes per 10,000 patient-days from 2014 to 2020  . Trend analysis estimated that the rate of HO-NTM decreased by 10% per year  .Incidence rates of NTM episodes observed from 2014-2020 at a 7-hospital cohort. Admitted epsiodes consisted of episodes that were hospital-onset (HO) or not HO.Log regression model of hospital-onset NTM incidence rates from 2014-2020 within a 7-hospital cohort. The fit plot displays predicted values with 95% confidence limits and observed rates.Network HO-NTM incidence rates decreased from 2014-2020, but rates varied substantially at individual hospitals. These results provide comprehensive data on HCFA-NTM isolation, including rates that can serve as external benchmarks. Given hospital variability, NTM surveillance at the individual hospital level is paramount.Arthur W. Baker, MD, MPH, Insmed: Grant/Research Support|Medincell: Advisor/Consultant Ricardo M. La Hoz, MD, Takeda: Advisor/Consultant Melissa B. Miller, PhD, BioFire: Advisor/Consultant|BioFire: Honoraria|Cantata Bio: Grant/Research Support|Luminex Molecular Diagnostics: Advisor/Consultant|Luminex Molecular Diagnostics: Honoraria|MiraVista Diagnostics: Advisor/Consultant|MiraVista Diagnostics: Honoraria|QIAGEN: Advisor/Consultant|QIAGEN: Grant/Research Support|QIAGEN: Honoraria David J. Weber, MD, MPH, BD: Advisor/Consultant|Germitic: Advisor/Consultant|GSK: DSMB|PDI: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer: Advisor/Consultant|Wellair: Advisor/Consultant Barbara D. Alexander, MD, F2G Pharmaceuticals: Advisor/Consultant|HealthTrackRx: Advisor/Consultant|HealthTrackRx: Board Member|Leadiaint: Grant/Research Support|Merck: Advisor/Consultant|Scynexis: Grant/Research Support|Thermofisher: Advisor/Consultant Jason E. Stout, MD, MHS, AN2 pharmaceuticals: Grant/Research Support


EVUSHELD was developed for the prevention and treatment of mild-to-moderate COVID-19 for high-risk individuals. However, the SARS-CoV-2 virus continues to evolve in the presence of natural- and vaccine-acquired immunity, escaping previously authorized antibody therapies such as bebtelovimab and EVUSHELD.AZD3152 was selected to neutralize all known SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern and is being developed to provide immunocompromised individuals with continued protection against SARS-CoV-2.3 PFU WA-1 SARS-CoV-2, then monitored for weight loss; lung viral load and pathology were evaluated at days 3 and 7.Structural analyses were performed to map the AZD3152 binding site. Neutralization assays were employed to determine the potency of AZD3152 across a panel of historical and emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants. Hamsters were prophylactically administered 6.7-60 mg/kg AZD3152 or a control antibody, then challenged intranasally with 6x10A 3 week GLP repeat IM and IV dose toxicity study in nonhuman primates (NHP) was performed.50 range, 8.3 to 110.9 ng/mL) and SARS-CoV-2 pseudoviruses (EC50 range of 3.2 to 25.0 ng/mL), including XBB.1.5. Prophylactic administration of AZD3152 conferred dose-dependent protection to hamsters following challenge. Even at a suboptimal dose of 6.7 mg/kg, < 5% weight loss and 2 logs reduction in lung viral subgenomic RNA were observed. AZD3152 was not associated with any adverse findings in NHP and the no observed-adverse-effect-level was the highest dose tested (150 mg/kg). Toxicokinetics demonstrated similar systemic exposure following IM and IV dosing with bioavailability of 94.9% and half-life range of 15.2-26.5 days by IM.AZD3152 binds to a conserved epitope on the spike receptor binding domain and blocks ACE2 binding. AZD3152 potently neutralizes authentic viral variants (ECThese results demonstrate that AZD3152 binds a conserved epitope resulting in broad neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 variants, protects hamsters from disease, and has a favorable safety profile in NHP. Thus, AZD3152 may serve as a next-generation antibody for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19.Joseph R Francica, PhD, AstraZeneca: Employee|AstraZeneca: Stocks/Bonds Yingyun Cai, PhD, AstraZeneca: Employee|AstraZeneca: Stocks/Bonds Seme Diallo, MS, AstraZeneca: Employee|AstraZeneca: Stocks/Bonds Kim Rosenthal, MS, AstraZeneca: Employee|AstraZeneca: Stocks/Bonds Kuishu Ren, BS, AstraZeneca: Employee|AstraZeneca: Stocks/Bonds Daniel J. Flores, MS, AstraZeneca: Employee|AstraZeneca: Stocks/Bonds Andrew Dippel, PhD, AstraZeneca: Employee|AstraZeneca: Stocks/Bonds Yuling Wu, PhD, AstraZeneca: Employee|AstraZeneca: Stocks/Bonds Xiaoru Chen, PhD, AstraZeneca: Employee|AstraZeneca: Stocks/Bonds Erin Cantu, BS, AstraZeneca: Employee|AstraZeneca: Stocks/Bonds Rakesh Choudhary, MS, AstraZeneca: Employee|AstraZeneca: Stocks/Bonds Michal Sulikowski, PhD, AstraZeneca: Employee|AstraZeneca: Stocks/Bonds Hibret Adissu, PhD, AstraZeneca: Employee|AstraZeneca: Stocks/Bonds Nydia van Dyk, MSc, AstraZeneca: Employee|AstraZeneca: Stocks/Bonds Vaheh Oganesyan, PhD, AstraZeneca: Employee|AstraZeneca: Stocks/Bonds Saravanan Rajan, PhD, AstraZeneca: Employee|AstraZeneca: Stocks/Bonds Patricia C. Ryan, PhD, AstraZeneca: Employee|AstraZeneca: Stocks/Bonds Yueh-Ming Loo, PhD, AstraZeneca: Employee|AstraZeneca: Stocks/Bonds Taylor Cohen, PhD, AstraZeneca: Employement|AstraZeneca: Stocks/Bonds Mark T. Esser, PhD, AstraZeneca: Employee|AstraZeneca: Stocks/Bonds Wade Blair, PhD, AstraZeneca: Employee|AstraZeneca: Stocks/Bonds


Recently approved β-lactamase inhibitor combinations (BLIs), such as ceftazidime-avibactam (CAZ-AVI) and meropenem-vaborbactam (MEM-VAB), have demonstrated a broad spectrum of activity against carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) from US hospitals, but resistance may emerge with the increasing use of these compounds. Aztreonam-avibactam (ATM-AVI) has shown potent activity against CRE, including MBL producers, and is under clinical development. We evaluated the activity of ATM-AVI and comparators against CREs from US hospitals.45,497 Enterobacterales (ENT) isolates were consecutively collected from 79 US medical centers (36 states) and susceptibility tested by CLSI broth microdilution. ATM-AVI was tested with AVI at a fixed 4 mg/L and a susceptible (S) breakpoint of ≤ 8 mg/L was applied for comparison. CRE isolates were screened for carbapenemase (CPE) by whole genome sequencing.50/90, 0.12/0.25 mg/L) and MEM-VAB  were active against 99.9% and 99.8% of ENT isolates, respectively. CRE rates varied from 0.2% (New England [NE]) to 2.4% . ATM-AVI was active (MIC ≤ 8 mg/L) against 99.5% (412/414) of CREs, whereas susceptibility to CAZ-AVI and MEM-VAB were lowest in the Mountain [MO] division  and highest (100.0%) in West North Central. ATM-AVI retained activity against ENT non-S to CAZ-AVI and/or MEM-VAB . KPC was the most common CPE (65.5% of CREs), followed by NDM (8.2%) and OXA-48–like (3.6%). A CPE gene was not observed in 20.8% of CREs. The occurrence of KPC among CREs varied from 14.3%  to 77.8% ; whereas the frequency of metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs) ranged from ≤ 3.0%  to 19.4% (6/31) in MO and 42.9% (3/7) in NE.ATM-AVI inhibited > 99.9% of ENT at ≤4 mg/L and only 4 isolates (< 0.01%) showed ATM-AVI MICs > 8 mg/L. CAZ-AVI (MICATM-AVI showed potent activity against CRE, including MBL producers, from all US Census Divisions. Resistance to CAZ-AVI and MEM-VAB among CRE was observed in the NE and MO Census Divisions due to increasing occurrence of MBL-producing isolates.Helio S. Sader, MD, PhD, FIDSA, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support|Basilea: Grant/Research Support|Cipla: Grant/Research Support|Paratek: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi: Grant/Research Support John H. Kimbrough, PhD, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support|Basilea: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi: Grant/Research Support Timothy Doyle, MS, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support Cecilia G. Carvalhaes, MD, PhD, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support|bioMerieux: Grant/Research Support|Cipla: Grant/Research Support|CorMedix: Grant/Research Support|Melinta: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support Mariana Castanheira, PhD, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support|Basilea: Grant/Research Support|bioMerieux: Grant/Research Support|Cipla: Grant/Research Support|CorMedix: Grant/Research Support|Entasis: Grant/Research Support|Melinta: Grant/Research Support|Paratek: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi: Grant/Research Support


Aztreonam-avibactam (ATM-AVI) is under clinical development. Aztreonam is a monobactam stable to hydrolysis by metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs). ATM-AVI has shown activity against MBL-producing, carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) that are resistant to recently approved β-lactamase inhibitor combinations (BLIs) such as ceftazidime-avibactam (CAZ-AVI), meropenem-vaborbactam (MEM-VAB), and imipenem-relebactam (IMI-REL). We evaluated a large collection of CRE isolates nonsusceptible (NS) to these BLIs.24,580 Enterobacterales isolates were consecutively collected (1/patient) in 2020–2022 from 64 medical centers located in Western Europe , Eastern Europe , Latin America , and the Asia-Pacific region . Among these isolates, 1,016 (4.1%) were CRE. Isolates were susceptibility tested by CLSI broth microdilution. CRE isolates were screened for carbapenemase (CPE) genes by whole genome sequencing.50/90, 0.25/0.5 mg/L) and ≥ 98.9% of CRE isolates NS to CAZ-AVI, MEM-VAB, and/or IMI-REL at ≤8 mg/L (Table). The most active comparators against CREs were CAZ-AVI (64.6%S), MEM-VAB (57.4%S), and IMI-REL (50.7%S). The activity of these BLIs varied widely among region, with highest susceptibility rates observed in W-EU , followed by LATAM , E-EU , and APAC . The most common CPE types overall were KPC (44.5% of CREs), NDM (29.8%), and OXA-48-like (16.0%). KPC predominated in LATAM (64.1%) and W-EU (61.1% of CREs). MBL occurrence was highest in APAC (59.5% of CREs), followed by LATAM (34.0%), E-EU (28.9%), and W-EU (23.6%). NDM represented 85.4% of MBLs.ATM-AVI inhibited 99.6% of CREs (MICATM-AVI demonstrated potent activity against CRE isolates resistant to CAZ-AVI, MEM-VAB, and/or IMI-REL independent of the CPE produced. The activity of recently approved BLIs varied broadly among regions and were very limited in E-EU and APAC.Helio S. Sader, MD, PhD, FIDSA, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support|Basilea: Grant/Research Support|Cipla: Grant/Research Support|Paratek: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi: Grant/Research Support Mariana Castanheira, PhD, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support|Basilea: Grant/Research Support|bioMerieux: Grant/Research Support|Cipla: Grant/Research Support|CorMedix: Grant/Research Support|Entasis: Grant/Research Support|Melinta: Grant/Research Support|Paratek: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi: Grant/Research Support Leonard R. Duncan, PhD, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support|Basilea: Grant/Research Support|CorMedix: Grant/Research Support|Melinta: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support John H. Kimbrough, PhD, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support|Basilea: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi: Grant/Research Support Cecilia G. Carvalhaes, MD, PhD, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support|bioMerieux: Grant/Research Support|Cipla: Grant/Research Support|CorMedix: Grant/Research Support|Melinta: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support Rodrigo E. Mendes, PhD, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support|Basilea: Grant/Research Support|Cipla: Grant/Research Support|Entasis: Grant/Research Support|GSK: Grant/Research Support|Paratek: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi: Grant/Research Support