Anteon is a speciose genus widespread in all zoogeographical regions, except Antarctica.Anteonhubeni sp. n., is described below from Ecuador, Pichincha Province. The new species is similar to Anteonoliveirai Olmi, known from Brazil, Minas Gerais. The main difference between these two species concerns the sculpture of the frons: in A.oliveirai, the frons shows two lateral keels around the orbits directed towards the antennal toruli, whereas in A.hubeni, these keels are not present. The key to the Neotropical species of Anteon is modified to include the new species.A new species,  Dryinidae (Hymenoptera: Chrysidoidea) from Ecuador have been studied mainly by Dryinidae. With 464 world species , Quito, Ecuador; DBUSU: Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA.Dryinidae are so scarce that more than one specimen of each species can be rarely procured. In addition, on the basis of our experience and knowledge, species are sufficiently delimited by unique characters to justify their description.The description of the new species is based on a single specimen. The authors are aware that descriptions of new taxa should normally be based on more than one individual. However, the Olmi, Contarini, Capradossi, Guglielmino, 2020sp. n.0931F3F6-B792-5C02-B04B-811CC335834E74F38422-FA72-406C-A233-16D7B023D65AType status:Holotype. Occurrence: catalogNumber: QCAZ3280; recordedBy: M. Huben; individualCount: 1; sex: female; Taxon: order: Hymenoptera; family: Dryinidae; genus: Anteon; specificEpithet: hubeni; taxonRank: species; Location: continent: South America; country: Ecuador; locality: between Pifo and Papallacta; verbatimElevation: 3431 m; verbatimLatitude: 00°15.56'S; verbatimLongitude: 78°14.48'W; Identification: identifiedBy: Massimo Olmi; Mario Contarini; Leonardo Capradossi; Adalgisa Guglielmino; Event: samplingProtocol: Yellow Pan Trap; eventDate: 27 August–9 September 2018; Record Level: type: physical object; institutionID: Museo de Zoologia, Sección Invertebrados, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador; collectionCode: QCAZ; basisOfRecord: Preserved specimenFemale. Fully winged Fig. a, b; len1111Anteon with frons not provided with lateral keels around orbits directed towards antennal toruli . Following the above description, this number increases to 20, more than in the closest countries, Colombia  and Peru , where eleven and seven species are known, respectively (ectively . The dif


The correct name is: Isabelle Thierry-Chef. The correct citation is: Pasqual E, Turner MC, Gracia-Lavedan E, Casabonne D, Benavente Y, Thierry-Chef I, et al. (2020) Association of ionizing radiation dose from common medical diagnostic procedures and lymphoma risk in the Epilymph case-control study. PLoS ONE 15(7): e0235658.


Correction to: BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 19, 348 (2019)https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-019-2506-1Following publication of the original article , the autIn this Correction, correct and incorrect versions are shown.Incorrect: Jin X, Tian X, Liu Z, Hu H, Li X, Deng Y, Li N, Zhu J: Maternal exposure to arsenic and cadmium and the risk of congenital heart defects in offspring. Reprod Toxicol 2016, 59:109–116.https://www.randoxfood.com/biochip/. [Cited 2019 May 11]Correct: RANDOX food diagnostics. Biochip Array Technology. Available from:


The correct name is: Luis Alberto Calcaterra. The correct citation is: Sánchez-Restrepo AF, Chifflet L, Confalonieri VA, Tsutsui ND, Pesquero MA, Calcaterra LA (2020) A Species delimitation approach to uncover cryptic species in the South American fire ant decapitating flies (Diptera: Phoridae: Pseudacteon). PLoS ONE 15(7): e0236086. The ORCID iD is missing for the sixth author. Please see the author’s ORCID iD here:https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9764-7921).Luis Alberto Calcaterra’s ORCID iD is: 0000-0002-9764-7921 (


Ewha Womans University Natural History Museum (EWNHM) represents one of the oldest and largest institutional collections in the Republic of Korea. The specimens deposited in the EWNHM represent a major historical collection of the native herpetofauna, both in species diversity and time span. However, the full inventory of the herpetology collection has never been conducted and thus the collection has received little attention from researchers. Here, the first full account of the herpetology specimens held at the EWNHM is provided, with voucher information for all documented specimens to make the collection accessible for future studies.The herpetology collection of the  Natural history collections are an invaluable repository for modern biological research. These collections have broad applications including the detection of faunal changes, species decline, biogeography, systematics, and species discovery . In ordeBombinaorientalis vouchers collected in early 1950s). Although such specimens are a valuable historical collection, they usually do not fully encompass the native herpetofauna in taxa, time span, and geographic locations . Although small in size, the herpetology collection of EWNHM is of great historical value for herpetological research, with some specimens dating back to early 1950s being collected during the Korean War.Ewha Womans University Natural History Museum EWNHM;  was estaNARIS) provides information on EWNHM specimens, this database is only a partial representation of the collection. Also, this database uses a different cataloging system from EWNHM, leading to voucher inconsistencies and potential problems of locating specimens. Therefore, a full herpetological inventory of the collection at EWNHM following a consistent format is needed for future utilization of specimens. Here, we provide the first complete catalogue of the herpetological collection of EWNHM, using consistent voucher system throughout specimens. In doing so, we also changed degrading labels to prevent the loss of important information and updated the nomenclature of species if the taxon underwent taxonomic revisions between the time of initial labelling and our cataloging effort. Also, we applied a new and consistent voucher system throughout specimens to resolve confusion of conflicting voucher systems. Although this means yet another change of voucher system applied to specimens, this catalogue can serve as a reference point towards reducing confusions originating from multiple conflicting voucher systems.Despite this great value, a complete catalogue of the collection has not been available. Although a public database , with specimens packaged individually in small plastic bags. These specimens were mostly collected in one location on the same date, comprising voucher series of specimens. In some cases, specimens of one anuran species collected from two different locations were held in the same glass jar. In this case, specimens from two locations were divided into two by separate plastic bags. Some amphibian species were held in smaller glass jars with fewer number of individual specimens per container . We also found jars that contained two or more amphibian species collected from the same location. In this case, we either separated the species into separate jars or separated them into small plastic bags containing paper labels with the appropriate species information.The herpetological specimens of the museum Specimens of lizards were housed in small individual containers or packed into small number of specimens  representing voucher series. Specimens of snakes and turtles were individually contained in glass jars. All specimens were preserved in 1% formalin solution at the beginning of collection and preservation process . The use of preservative solution has not been changed over the years.We used a table to mount a tripod and camera  in order to photograph the specimens. The table was covered with white synthetic fabric to provide a white background for photography. A 15-centimeter ruler was taped above the fabric to be used as a scale of reference. We used a whole-face respirator  to prevent potential toxic inhalation of preservative fluids. We also used industrial-grade wiper  to remove fluid spillage. For photography, we mounted the camera on a tripod with the lens facing vertically downwards. Each specimen was photographed in dorsal, lateral and ventral angles. Specimens of eggs and amphibian larva were not photographed to prevent potential damage caused by the handling process.As most of the Korean herpetofauna have undergone significant nomenclatural changes over the past 50 years, and as some of the labels showed signs of degradation, it was necessary to update the labels. In doing so, we kept the original labels alongside the new labels with updated nomenclature.EWNHM.For labeling, we first prepared a general label for each specimen or series of specimens. This label contained key information about the specimen(s), including scientific name, Korean common name, geographic location of collection, collection date, and collector(s). The label was printed on regular A4 papers and was 8.8 × 5.7 cm in size. All relevant information were written on the labels using a pencil. The new labels were fully immersed in preservative fluid following previous collection maintenance practice of NARIS is different from the preexisting voucher system of EWNHM. Thus, in order to apply a consistent voucher number system to each and all herpetological specimens, the decision was made by the museum to discard both previous EWNHM and NARIS voucher systems and to use a new protocol for the herpetology collection. The new numbering protocol is comprised of museum code EWNHM, followed by a taxon code ANIMAL, and a four-digit serial number starting from EWNHM-ANIMAL 5279. Despite the change of protocol, the previous EWNM-AR voucher labels were retained alongside the new EWNHM-ANIMAL voucher labels for the traceability of information.Alongside the general label, it was necessary to assign an unique voucher number to each specimen that did not currently have one, according to the nomenclature rules of the museum. The preexisting voucher system for the museum collection is such as EWNM-AR-XXXX, “XXXX” being the serial number. However, this previous system was not consistently applied throughout all of the specimens held in the collection and needed to be corrected. Moreover, the voucher system represented in EWNHM. Therefore, each specimen was georeferenced using the collection information available, with the locality of collection being recorded as latitude and longitude  describing the midpoint. For localities within a named town or city, the center of the settlement or named district was used as the midpoint. Google Maps was used along with the ‘What’s here?’ tool to display the latitude and longitude once the midpoint had been found. For those specimens collected in more rural localities, the midpoint of the named location was also used as in the urban ones.One of the main issues concerning the use of natural history collections is determining the area of collection with reasonable accuracy . The colWe organized the catalogue in Order – Family – Species order. For each species, English and Korean common names are also given alongside the current scientific name. The nomenclature used in the original labels is also given. Location and collector information (written in either Korean or Chinese characters) are directly translated.Leg. CollectorLoc. Collection locality and collection date (see Table Juv. JuvenileNn. NeonateLar. LarvaeTd. Tadpole(s)Egg.Egg(s)Voucher series A series of specimens of one species collected in the same location on the same datedo Korean equivalent of province-ri Korean equivalent of county-myeon Korean equivalent of village-Bombinaorientalis Oriental fire-bellied toad; 무당개구리; 440 specimens.Boulenger GA (1890) A list of the reptiles and batrachians of Amoorland. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 6, 5: 137–144.EWNHM-ANIMAL 5284; Loc: Dobongsan, 10 May. 1959; Leg: no data. EWNHM-ANIMAL 5286; Loc: Mountain cabin of Chinbu-ryong (= Jinburyeong), Kangwon-do, 24 Sep. 1977; Leg: Natural History Museum. EWNHM-ANIMAL 5292; Loc: Cheoneun-sa, 7 May. 1977; Leg: Yun Seokjun. EWNHM-ANIMAL 5293; Loc: Chinbu-ryong (= Jinburyeong), 12 Aug. 1980; Leg: Yun Seokjun. EWNHM-ANIMAL 5324; Loc: no data; Leg: no data. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 5325 – EWNHM-ANIMAL 5328 ; Loc: Godongsan, Gyeonggi-do; Leg: Yun Seokjun. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 5329 – EWNHM-ANIMAL 5332 ; Loc: Gapyeong, Gyeonggi-do, 5 Jun. 1982; Leg: Noh Bunjo. EWNHM-ANIMAL 5348; Loc: Daedunsan, Jeonbuk, 3 May. 1978; Leg: Natural History Museum. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 5349 – EWNHM-ANIMAL 5351 ; Loc: Hwayasan, Gyeonggi-do, 20 Apr. 1997; Leg: Yun Seokjun. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 5364 – EWNHM-ANIMAL 5367 ; Loc: Cheonmasan, 12 May. 1968; Leg: Noh Bunjo. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 5368 – EWNHM-ANIMAL 5371 ; Loc: Dobongsan, 16 May. 1959; Leg: Kim and Lee. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 5410 – EWNHM-ANIMAL 5441 ; Loc: Chinbu-ryong (= Jinburyeong), 12 Aug. 1979; Leg: Noh Bunjo. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 5442 – EWNHM-ANIMAL 5456 ; Loc: Hwayasan, Gapyeong, Gyeonggi-do, 22 Apr. 1985; Leg: Yun Seokjun. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 5457 – EWNHM-ANIMAL 5486 ; Loc: Chinbu-ryong (= Jinburyeong), 12 Jul. 1980; Leg: Yun Seokjun. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 5487 – EWNHM-ANIMAL 5514 ; Loc: Sokrisan, 17 Jul. 1961; Leg: no data. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 5561 – EWNHM-ANIMAL 5660 ; Loc: Gyeryongsan, 24 Jul. 1973; Leg: “Premed collecting team”. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 5661 – EWNHM-ANIMAL 5710 ; Loc: Gyeryongsan, 23 Jul. 1973; Leg: Department of Biology. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 5711 – EWNHM-ANIMAL 5760 ; Loc: Soyosan, Dongducheon, 11 Jun. 1972; Leg: Department of Biology. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 6060 – EWNHM-ANIMAL 6072 ; Loc: Chiaksan, Gangwon, 2 Jun. 1979; Leg: Yun Seokjun. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 6073 – EWNHM-ANIMAL 6090 ; Loc: Myeongjisan, 6 May. 1972; Leg: Jang Soonran. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 6091 – EWNHM-ANIMAL 6093 ; Loc: Hwangyongdong 25-1, Gyeongju, 26 Apr. 2007; Leg: Yun Seokjun. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 6094 – EWNHM-ANIMAL 6110 ; Loc: Cheonmasan, 19 May. 1979; Leg: Yun Seokjun. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 6111 – EWNHM-ANIMAL 6124 ; Loc: Godongsan, Gyeonggi-do, 27 May. 1978; Leg: Yun Seokjun. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 6125 – EWNHM-ANIMAL 6128 ; Loc: Buhwangsa, 3 May. 1964; Leg: Oh Soonja. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 6129 – EWNHM-ANIMAL 6143 ; Loc: Dobongsan, Seoul, 16 May. 1959; Leg: Kim Myungae, Kim Myungsook, Lee Jongwan. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6144; Loc: Gwangneung, 11 May. 1957; Leg: Kang Jeon Il. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6355; Loc: Myeongjisan, Gyeonggi, 30 Sep. 2000; Leg: Yun Seokjun. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 6356 – EWNHM-ANIMAL 6358 ; Loc: Chinbu-ryong (= Jinburyeong), 13 Aug. 1979; Leg: Noh Bunjo. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6362; Loc: Outside Jahamun, Seoul; Leg: Noh Bunjo, Yu Seongin. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6366; Loc: Gwangneung, 11 May. 1951; Leg: Kang Jeon Il. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6367; Loc: Woraksan, Chungbuk, 20 Jul. 1972; Leg: Noh Bunjo. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 6372 – EWNHM-ANIMAL 6373 ; Loc: Jangsudae, Seoraksan, 10 Oct. 1970; Leg: “2nd grade students”. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6378; Loc: Mujugucheondong, 9 May. 1979; Leg: Yun Seokjun. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 6391 – EWNHM-ANIMAL 6396 ; Loc: Maebong, Odaesan, 6 Aug. 2001; Leg: Kim Byungwoo. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 6397 – EWNHM-ANIMAL 6400 ; Loc: Gayasan, 17 May. 1963; Leg: Noh Bunjo. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6634; Loc: Woljeongsa, Odaesan, 16 Sep. 2006; Leg: Kim Byungwoo. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6661; Loc: Maebong, Odaesan, 8 Aug. 2006; Leg: no data. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 6672 – EWNHM-ANIMAL 6674 ; Loc: Daeamsan, Inje, Gangwon-do, 18 May. 1993; Leg: Sung Gisoo.Citation: Remarks: vouchers EWNHM-ANIMAL 5437, 5449, 5463, 5624, 5642, 5663, and 5677 had malformed limbs  General features of Chusan, with remarks on the flora and fauna of that island. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 1, 9: 481–493.EWNHM-ANIMAL 5279; Loc: Sudeoksa, 8 Jun. 1969; Leg: Eom Jeonghui, Lee Hyeonju, Lee Okju, Choi Jeongran. EWNHM-ANIMAL 5280; Loc: Jeongneung, Gyeonggi, 8 Jun. 1967; Leg: Paik Hyangsun. EWNHM-ANIMAL 5281; Loc: Gwangneung, Gyeonggi, 17 May. 1964; Leg: Lim Jeonghye. EWNHM-ANIMAL 5282; Loc: no data; Leg: no data. EWNHM-ANIMAL 5288; Loc: Muju Gucheondong, Jul. 1972; Leg: Yun Seokjun. EWNHM-ANIMAL 5289; Loc: Chinbu-ryong (= Jinburyeong), 13 Aug. 1980; Leg: Yun Seokjun. EWNHM-ANIMAL 5290; Loc: Eoreumgol, Cheonwang-sa, Kyungpook, 23 Jul. 1986; Leg: Yun Seokjun. EWNHM-ANIMAL 5291; Loc: Sinchon, 21 Jun. 1955; Leg: Department of Biology. EWNHM-ANIMAL 5294; Loc: Dongducheon, 1 Jul. 1971; Leg: Lee Eunbok Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 5299 – EWNHM-ANIMAL 5301 ; Loc: no data; Leg: no data. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 5302 – EWNHM-ANIMAL 5303 ; Loc: no location data, 8 Aug, 1983; Leg: no data. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 5304 – EWNHM-ANIMAL 5305 ; Loc: Mugeuk, Eumseong, Chungbuk, 31 Mar. 1994; Leg: Seo Hyeongseok. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 5306 – EWNHM-ANIMAL 5307 ; Loc: no data; Leg: Kim Hungyu. EWNHM-ANIMAL 5308; Loc: Sanghwanam, Sokrisan, 17 Jul. 1961; Leg: no data. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 5309 – EWNHM-ANIMAL 5310 ; Loc: Sinchon (Seoul), 5 Jul. 1955; Leg: Department of Biology. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 5311 – EWNHM-ANIMAL 5316 ; Loc: Geojedo, 23 Jul. 1970; Leg: Kim Hungyu. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6724 (Egg.); Loc: Mugeuk, Eunseong, 31 Mar. 1994; Leg: Seo Hyeongseok.Bufostejnegeri Schmidt, 1931Korean water toad; 물두꺼비; 27 specimensSchmidt KP (1931) A new toad from Korea. Copeia 1931: 93–94.EWNHM-ANIMAL 5285; Loc: no data; Leg: no data. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 5811 – EWNHM-ANIMAL 5816 ; Loc: Myeonggye-ri (= Myeonggae-ri), Naemyeon, Hongcheon, 21 May. 1992; Leg: Yun Seokjun. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 5817 – EWNHM-ANIMAL 5826 ; Loc: Seoraksan Checkpoint, 12 Oct. 1977; Leg: Donation by Prof. Yun Ilbyung. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 6369 – EWNHM-ANIMAL 6371 ; Loc: Jangsudae, Seoraksan, 10 Oct. 1970; Leg: “2nd grade students”. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 6627 – EWNHM-ANIMAL 6631 ; Loc: Maebong, Odaesan, 6 Sep. 2006; Leg: Kim Byungwoo. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 6678 – EWNHM-ANIMAL 6679 ; Loc: Noewoon-ri, Pyeongchang, Gangwon-do, 7 Apr. 1995; Leg: Seo Suyeon, Yun Seokjun.Bufo sp.Two specimensEWNHM-ANIMAL 6625 – EWNHM-ANIMAL 6626 ; Loc: Sudeoksa, Chungnam, 3 Aug. 2006 – 1 Sep. 2006; Leg: Kim Byungwoo.Voucher series Remarks: the morphological characteristics to distinguish between B.gargarizans and B.stejnegeri, such as clearly visible tympanum, were insufficient to identify these specimens at species level.Dryophytessuweonensis Suweon treefrog; 수원청개구리; one specimenHylasuweonensisOriginal label name: Hyla) in the Far East, with description of a new species from Korea. Copeia 1980: 100–108.Kuramoto M (1980) Mating calls of treefrogs .Dryophytesjaponicus )Japanese treefrog; 청개구리; 26 specimensHylajaponica or HylaarboreajaponicaOriginal label name: BatrachiaSalientia in the Collection of the British Museum. Taylor and Francis, London, United Kingdom, xvi + 160 pp.Günther ACLG (1859 “1858”) Catalogue of the EWNHM-ANIMAL 6374 – EWNHM-ANIMAL 6375 ; Loc: Dobongsan, 16 May. 1959; Leg: Kim and Lee. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6376; Loc: Geomundo lighthouse, 16 Jul. 1977; Leg: Song Junim. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6386; Loc: Cheonmasan, Gyeonggi, 9 May. 1980; Leg: Yun Seokjun. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 6664 – EWNHM-ANIMAL 6665 ; Loc: Wolchulsan, Yeongnam, 5 Oct. 2006; Leg: Kim Byungwoo. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6676; Loc: Imjingak, Paju, Gyeonggi, 6 Jul. 2011; Leg: no data. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6677; Loc: Maesol Forest, Andong, Gyungbuk, 13 Jul. 2013; Leg: Yun Seokjun. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6680; Loc: Noewoon-ri, Pyeongchang, Gangwon-do, 7 Apr. 1995; Leg: Seo Suyeon, Yun Seokjun. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6683; Loc: Gwangneung, 11 May. 1957; Leg: Bae Yeongsoon, Moon Yeongja. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6684; Loc: no data; Leg: no data. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6685; Loc: no data; Leg: no data. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 6686 – EWNHM-ANIMAL 6687 ; Loc: Dobongsan, 17 Jul. 1959; Leg: Kim Yeonghee. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6692; Loc: Godongsan, Gyeonggi-do, 2 May. 1981; Leg: Yun Seokjun. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6693; Loc: Yangsuri, Gyeonggi, 13 Oct. 1978; Leg: Noh Bunjo, Yun Seokjun. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6694; Loc: Dukcheon, Geomundo, 15 Jul. 1977; Leg: Yun Seokjun.Voucher series Remarks: updated generic assignment as explained above for D.suweonensis.Kaloulaborealis Boreal digging frog; 맹꽁이; 21 specimensBarbour T (1908) Some new reptiles and amphibians. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 51: 315–325.EWNHM-ANIMAL 5317 – EWNHM-ANIMAL 5322 ; Loc: no data; Leg: no data. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 5352 – EWNHM-ANIMAL 5363 ; Loc: Gwangju, Gyeonggi-do, 14 Jul. 1982; Leg: Ko Soon Book. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6381; Loc: Gayang Apt., Seoul, 12 Jul. 1993; Leg: Yun Seokjun. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6401; Loc: Nanjido, Seoul, 24 Jul. 2000; Leg: no data. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6723; Loc: no data; Leg: no data.Voucher series Glandiranaemeljanovi Imienpo Station frog; 옴개구리; 227 specimensRanarugosaOriginal label name: Ranaemeljanovi sp. n.. Annuaire du Musée Zoologique de l’Academie Impériale des Sciences de St. Pétersbourg 18: 148–150.Nikolskii AM (1913) EWNHM-ANIMAL 5283; Loc: Gwangneung, 11 May. 1958; Leg: no data. EWNHM-ANIMAL 5287; Loc: Gwangneung, 11 May. 1957; Leg: no data. EWNHM-ANIMAL 5295; Loc: no data; Leg: no data. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 5296 – EWNHM-ANIMAL 5323 ; Loc: Yongwha-ri, Cheorwon-gun, Kangwon-do, 25 Aug. 1977; Leg: Yun Seokjun. EWNHM-ANIMAL 5333; Loc: Gwangneung, 11 May. 1957; Leg: no data. EWNHM-ANIMAL 5334; Loc: Sanghwanam, Sokrisan, 17 Jul. 1961; Leg: no data. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 5335 – EWNHM-ANIMAL 5340 ; Loc: Dobongsan, 16 May. 1959; Leg: no data. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 5341 – EWNHM-ANIMAL 5347 ; Loc: Gwangneung, 30 Apr. 1978; Leg: Department of Biology. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 5515 – EWNHM-ANIMAL 5560 ; Loc: Gyeryongsan, 27 Oct. 1969; Leg: Kim Hungyu. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 5927 – EWNHM-ANIMAL 5999 ; Loc: Soyosan, Dongducheon, 19 May. 1967; Leg: Kim Hungyu. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 6000 – EWNHM-ANIMAL 6059 ; Loc: Myeongjisan, Gapyeong, 11 May. 1969; Leg: Kim Hungyu. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 6145 – EWNHM-ANIMAL 6146 ; Loc: Hwangyongdong 25-1, Gyeongju, 26 Apr. 2007; Leg: Yun Seokjun. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 6300 – EWNHM-ANIMAL 6301 ; Loc: Songchu, 30 Sep. 1972; Leg: Yeom Yeonghwa. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 6302 – EWNHM-ANIMAL 6304 ; Loc: Gwangneung, 11 May. 1958; Leg: Kang Yeongsaeng. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6368; Loc: Songchu Valley, 30 Sep. 1972; Leg: Park Myeongju (Dept. of Chemistry Education). Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 6411 – EWNHM-ANIMAL 6427 ; Loc: Gwangneung, 23 May. 1976; Leg: Dept. of Biology. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6632; Loc: Sinwondong, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 29 Sep.2000; Leg: Yun Seokjun.Remarks: the labels were updated according to generic assignment by Ranaemeljanovi).Lithobatescatesbeianus American bullfrog; 황소개구리; nine specimensRanacatesbeianaOriginal label name: Amphibia. Thomas Davison, London, United Kingdom, 312 pp.Shaw G (1802) General zoology or systematic natural history. Volume III, Part 1. EWNHM-ANIMAL 5372 – EWNHM-ANIMAL 5379 ; Loc: no data; Leg: no data. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6380; Loc: Gimpo, 4 Jul. 1999; Leg: Song Junim.Voucher series Remarks: the labels were updated following the original generic assignment Lithobates by Pelophylaxnigromaculatus )Black-spotted pond frog; 참개구리; 188 specimensRananigromaculataOriginal label name: Reptilia of the North Pacific Exploring Expedition, under command of Capt. John Rogers, U.S. N. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 12: 480–510.Hallowell E (1861 “1860”) Report upon the EWNHM-ANIMAL 5761 – EWNHM-ANIMAL 5795 ; Loc: Cheonmasan, Gyeonggi, 12 May. 1968; Leg: Kim Hungyu. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 5827 – EWNHM-ANIMAL 5926 ; Loc: Cheonmasan, 17 May. 1967; Leg: Kim Hungyu. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 6336 – EWNHM-ANIMAL 6337 ; Loc: Gwangneung, 10 May. 1958; Leg: no data. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6338; Loc: Jeotgae, Anmyeondo, 26 Jul. 1956; Leg: Kim Hoonsoo. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 6339 – EWNHM-ANIMAL 6348 ; Loc: Dobongsan, 16 May. 1959; Leg: Kim and Lee. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6353; Loc: Baekryeong-do, 27 May, 1958; Leg: Kim Hoonsoo. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6354; Loc: Sanghwanam, Sokrisan, 17 Sep. 1961; Leg: no data. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6379; Loc: Gwangneung, 11 May. 1957; Leg: Ko Wha Soon. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6382; Loc: Taehadong (Ulleungdo), 11 Aug. 1958; Leg: Noh Bunjo. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6383; Loc: Gwangneung, 11 May. 1957; Leg: Ko Wha Soon (Ko Who Soon). Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 6402 – EWNHM-ANIMAL 6409 ; Loc: no location data (label degraded), 26 Jul. 1971; Leg: no data (label degraded). EWNHM-ANIMAL 6410; Loc: Gwangneung, 23 May. 1976; Leg: Dept. of Biology. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6622; Loc: no data; Leg: no data. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6623; Loc: no data; Leg: no data. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6624; Loc: no data; Leg: no data. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 6637 – EWNHM-ANIMAL 6656 ; Loc: Soyosan, Gyeonggi-do, 19 May. 1967; Leg: Kim Hungyu. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 6688 – EWNHM-ANIMAL 6690 ; Loc: Hongcheon, Gangwon-do, 2 Aug. 1999; Leg: Jeong Yuhyeon.Voucher series Remarks: the labels were updated following the original generic assignment by Pelophylaxchosenicus Golden-spotted pond frog; 금개구리; 31 specimensRanaplancyiOriginal label name: Okada Y (1931) The tailless batrachians of the Japanese Empire. Imperial Agricultural Experiment Station, Tokyo, 215 pp.EWNHM-ANIMAL 5380 – EWNHM-ANIMAL 5395 ; Loc: Ganghwa-do, 2 Jul. 1972; Leg: Kim Hungyu. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 5396 – EWNHM-ANIMAL 5409 ; Loc: Buyong-ri, Yangsu-myeon, Yangpyeong, Gyeonggi-do, 8 Jun. 1970; Leg: Lee Yonghee. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6696; Loc: Gwangneungnae, 22 May. 1971; Leg: Kim Hungyu.Voucher series Remarks: updated generic assignment as explained above for P.nigromaculatus.. The species name follows the original description by Rananigromaculatachosenica) under new combination  Frogs in Korea. Chosen Natural History Society Journal 6: 15–46.EWNHM-ANIMAL 6147 – EWNHM-ANIMAL 6196 ; Loc: Gwangneung, 27 Jun. 1973; Leg: Kim Hungyu. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 6197 – EWNHM-ANIMAL 6246 ; Loc: Gwangneung, 12 May. 1971; Leg: Kim Hungyu. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 6247 – EWNHM-ANIMAL 6285 ; Loc: Pyeongnae, Gyeonggi, 12 Jun. 1959; Leg: Jang Hanwi. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 6286 – EWNHM-ANIMAL 6289 ; Loc: Pyeongnae, Gyeonggi, 2 Jun. 1959; Leg: Jang Hanwi. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 6359 – EWNHM 6361 ; Loc: Gwangju, Gyeonggi-do, 12 Nov. 2000; Leg: Yun Seokjun. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6390; Loc: Dobongsan, 17 Jul. 1959; Leg: Kim Yeonghee.Voucher series Remarks: Ranacoreana was demonstrated to be distinct from R.amurensis by Ranahuanrenensis Fei, Ye & Huang, 1990Huanren frog; 계곡산개구리; 13 specimensRanatemporariaornativentrisOriginal label name: Fei L, Ye C, Huang Y (1990) Key to Chinese amphibians. Publishing House for Scientific and Technological Literature, Chongqing, China, 364 pp.EWNHM-ANIMAL 6323 – EWNHM-ANIMAL 6327 ; Loc: Sanghwanam, Sokrisan, 15 Jul. 1961; Leg: no data. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 6618 – EWNHM-ANIMAL 6621 ; Loc: Sinwondong, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 29 Sep. 2000; Leg: Yun Seokjun. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6633; Loc: Jugeumsan, Namyangju, Gyeonggi-do, 17 Sep. 2004; Leg: Yun Seokjun. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6662; Loc: Sinwondong, Dukyang-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 17 Aug. 2008 ; Leg: Yun Seokjun. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 6681 – EWNHM-ANIMAL 6682 ; Loc: Noewoon-ri, Pyeongchang, Gangwon-do, 7 Apr. 1995; Leg: Seo Suyeon, Yun Seokjun.Voucher series Remarks: the labels were updated to reflect the change of species status suggested by Ranauenoi Matsui, 2014Prevernal frog / Ueno’s brown frog; 북방산개구리; 158 specimensRanatemporariaornativentrisOriginal label name: Anura: Ranidae: Rana). Zoological Science. Tokyo 31: 613–620.Matsui M (2014) Description of a new Brown Frog from Tsushima Island, Japan ; Loc: Namyangju, Gyeonggi, 1 Feb. 1970; Leg: Noh Bunjo. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 6290 – EWNHM-ANIMAL 6299 ; Loc: Sobaeksan, Chungbuk, 1 Oct. 1971; Leg: Kim Hungyu. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 6305 – EWNHM-ANIMAL 6310 ; Loc: Guri, Gyeonggi, 11 May. 1970; Leg: Kim Hunkyu. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 6311 – EWNHM-ANIMAL 6315 ; Loc: Dobongsan, 16 May. 1959; Leg: Kim Okhee. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 6316 – EWNHM-ANIMAL 6320 ; Loc: Sokrisan, Chungbuk, 6 Apr. 1979; Leg: Noh Bunjo, Yun Seokjun. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6321; Loc: Chinbu-ryong (= Jinburyeong), 24 Sep. 1977; Leg: Natural History Museum. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6322; Loc: Songchu Valley, 30 Sep. 1972; Leg: Jeong Hyesook. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 6328 – EWNHM-ANIMAL 6330 ; Loc: Cheoneunsa, Jirisan, 7 May. 1977; Leg: Yun Seokjun. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 6331 – EWNHM-ANIMAL 6335 ; Loc: Jingwansa, 11 May. 1963; Leg: Noh Bunjo. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 6349 – EWNHM-ANIMAL 6352 ; Loc: Sinjang-eup, Gwangju, Gyeonggi, 25 Oct. 1983; Leg: Kim Hoyeong. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6365; Loc: “Under Ewha Bridge”, 11 Mar. 1964; Leg: Jeong Songgeun. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 6384 – EWNHM-ANIMAL 6385 ; Loc: Gwangneung, 11 May. 1957; Leg: Ko Wha Soon (Ko Who Soon). Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 6387 – EWNHM-ANIMAL 6388 ; Loc: Bogwangsa, Gyeonggi, 10 May. 1980; Leg: Yun Seokjun. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6389; Loc: Dobongsan, 17 Jul. 1959; Leg: Kim Yeonghee. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6675; Loc: Seogwipo, Jeju, 30 May. 2013; Leg: no data. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6695; Loc: Gwangneungnae, 22 May. 1971; Leg: Kim Hungyu. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6722 (Egg.); Loc: Sokrisan, Chungbuk, 6 Apr. 1979; Leg: Yun Seokjun. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6729 (Egg.); Loc: under Ewha Bridge, 21 Mar. 1964; Leg: “Student”. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6731 (Egg.); Loc: Munsudae, Jirisan, 8 May. 1976; Leg: Yun Seokjun. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 6732 – 6823 ; Loc: Gwangneung, 11 May. 1957; Leg: Bae Yeongsoon, Moon Yeongja.Voucher series Remarks: the labels were updated to reflect the change of species status of Rana from Tsushima Island, Japan, and the Republic of Korea, demonstrated by Rana sp.Ten specimensEWNHM-ANIMAL 6363 – EWNHM-ANIMAL 6364 ; Loc: Gwangneung, 12 May. 1959; Leg: no data. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6663; Loc: Wolchulsan, Yeongnam, 5 Oct. 2006; Leg. Kim Byungwoo. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 6666 – EWNHM-ANIMAL 6669 ; Loc: Sangwonsa, Odaesan, 28 Sep. 2005; Leg; Kim Byungwoo. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6701; Loc: no data; Leg: no data. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6727 (Egg.); Loc: Gwangneung, 11 May. 1957; Leg: Bae Yeongsoon, Moon Yeongja. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6728 (Td.); Loc: Nogodan, Jirisan, 8 May. 1971; Leg: Noh Bunjo.Voucher series Remarks: all of the bigger Rana specimens (now R.uenoi and R.huanrenensis) deposited in the EWNHM were originally labelled as “Ranatemporariaornativentris”. Under the taxonomic framework of Rana used here, this name can be traced to either Ranauenoi or Ranahuanrenensis. Ranauenoi and R.huanrenensis can be distinguished based on several morphometric characteristics  Description of a new tailed batrachian from Corea. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 5, 19: 1–67.EWNHM-ANIMAL 6428 – EWNHM-ANIMAL 6429 ; Loc: Cheonmasan, 2 May. 1971; Leg: Noh Bunjo. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6430; Loc: Myeonmokdong, Seoul, 30 Oct. 1976; Leg: Yun Seokjun. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6431; Loc: Sokrisan, Chungbuk, 6 Apr. 1979; Leg: Noh Bunjo, Yun Seokjun. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 6432 – EWNHM-ANIMAL 6434 ; Loc: Dobongsan (behind Bomunsa), 4 Apr. 1965; Leg: Noh Bunjo. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6435; Loc: Nogodan, Jirisan, 5 May. 1977; Leg: Kim Juwan, Hahm Taesik. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6438; Loc: “Purchased from Sejongro”, 20 Apr. 1957; Leg: Kim Okju. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 6440 – EWNHM-ANIMAL 6453 ; Loc: Cheonmasan, 2 May. 1971; Leg: Noh Bunjo. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6657; Loc: Woljeongsa, Odaesan, 16 Sep. 2006; Leg: Kim Byungwoo. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6658; Loc: Odaesan, 9 Oct. 2006; Leg: Kim Byungwoo. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6660; Loc: Woljeongsa, 11 Oct. 2005; Leg: no data. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6671; Loc: Noron-ri, Pyeongchang, 7 Apr. 2004; Leg: Yun Seokjun, Seo Suyeon. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6702 (Egg.); Loc: Baekwoondae, 28 Mar. 1957; Leg: Noh Bunjo. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 6709 – EWNHM-ANIMAL 6721 ; Loc: no data; Leg: no data. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6725 (Egg.); Loc: no data; Leg: no data. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6726 (Egg.); Loc: Munsudae, Jirisan, 8 May 1976; Leg: Noh Bunjo. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6730 (Egg.); Loc: Nogodan, Jirisan, 8 May. 1976; Leg: Yun Seokjun.Voucher series Onychodactyluskoreanus Min, Poyarkov, & Vieites, 2012Korean clawed salamander; 한국꼬리치레도롱뇽; 12 specimensOnychodactylusfischeriOriginal label name: Onychodactylus , with the description of four new species. Zootaxa 3465: 1–106.Poyarkov NA, Che J, Min M-S, Kuro-o M, Yan F, Li C, Iizuka K, Vieites DR (2012) Review of the systematics, morphology and distribution of Asian Clawed Salamanders, genus EWNHM-ANIMAL 6436; Loc: Nogodan, Jirisan, 5 May. 1977; Leg: Kim Juwan, Hahm Taesik. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6437; Loc: Jirisan, 14 Jun. 1976; Leg: Hahm Taesik. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 6635 – EWNHM-ANIMAL 6636 ; Loc: Sangwonsa, Odaesan, 28 Sep. 2005; Leg: Kim Byungwoo. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6659; Loc: Maebong, Odaesan, 8 Aug. 2006; Leg: Kim Byungwoo. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6670 (Lar.); Loc: Gajwa-ri, Mitan-myeon, Pyeongchang, 6 Apr. 2005; Leg: Yun Seokjun, Seo Suyeon. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 6703 – EWNHM-ANIMAL 6708 ; Loc: no data; Leg: no data.Remarks: the labels were updated according to taxonomic revision of the genus by Karseniakoreana Min, Yang, Bonnett, Vieites, Brandon, & Wake, 2005Korean crevice salamander; 이끼도롱뇽; one specimenMin MS, Yang SY, Bonett RM, Vieites DR, Brandon RA, Wake DB (2005) Discovery of the first Asian plethodontid salamander. Nature. London 435: 87–90.EWNHM-ANIMAL 6439; Loc: Daedunsan, Jeonbuk, 3 May. 1978; Leg: Natural History Museum.Citation: Remarks: this specimen was originally labelled as “Hynobiusleechii”. This particular specimen predates the formal description of the species by 27 years (27 years .Chrysopelea sp.One specimenEWNHM-ANIMAL 6569 (Nn.); Loc: no data; Leg: no data.Remarks: this specimen was labelled as “a neonate of Lycodonrufozanatus”. However, direct comparisons of head shape, tail length, and body shape with another specimen of neonate L.rufozonatus (EWNHM-ANIMAL 6544) suggested that the specimen is not L.rufozonatus but instead belongs to the genus Chrysopelea Steppe ratsnake; 누룩뱀; 12 specimensPallas PS (1773) Reise durch verschiedene Provinzen des Russischen Reichs in einem ausfuehrlichen Auszuge: vol. 2. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss., St. Petersburg, 744 pp.EWNHM-ANIMAL 6537; Loc: no data; Leg: no data. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6539; Loc: no data; Leg: no data. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6542 (Juv.); Loc: Gajeong-ri, Nam-myeon, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, 21 Jun. 2009; Leg: no data. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6543 (Juv.); Loc: Ewha Womans University campus, 19 Oct. 1990; Leg: Paik Seonghoon, Lee Sanghoon, Choi Dongho, Eom Sangryeol. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6563; Loc: no data; Leg: no data. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6584; Loc: Samak-myeon, Chunseong-gun (= Chuncheon), Gangwon-do, 15 Jul. 1976; Leg: Donation by Prof. Paik Namgeuk. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6585; Loc: Gotan, Chunseong-gun (= Chuncheon), Gangwon-do, 7 Jun. 1978; Leg: Donation by Prof. Paik Namgeuk. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6586; Loc: Yangsuri, Gyeonggi, 6 Sep. 1964; Leg: Jeon Songgeun. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6591; Loc: Yangsuri, Gyeonggi, 6 Sep. 1964; Leg: Jeon Songgeun. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6592; Loc: Gajamul, Susaek, Seoul, 9 Jun. 1957; Leg: Tak Soonja. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 6601 – EWNHM-ANIMAL 6602 ; Loc: Bukhansan, 17 Apr. 1971; Leg: Donation by Prof. Yun Ilbyung.Elapheschrenckii Strauch, 1873Russian ratsnake; 구렁이; five specimensStrauch A (1873) Die Schlangen des Russischen Reichs, in systematischer und zoogeographischer Beziehung. Mémoires de l’Académie Impériale des Sciences de St. Pétersbourg, 7 Série 21: 1–288.EWNHM-ANIMAL 6498 (Juv.); Loc: Bukri reservoir, Deokjeokdo, 21 Sep. 2009; Leg: Yun Seokjun, Ryu Jaewon. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6540; Loc: no data; Leg: no data. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6583; Loc: Gotan, Chunseong-gun (= Chuncheon), Gangwon-do, 20 Jul. 1978; Leg: Donation by Prof. Paik Namgeuk. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6590; Loc: Jinburyeong, Gangwon-do, Aug. 1978; Leg: Kim Jeonggyun, Lee Jeongsoon. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6605; Loc: no region data, 21 May. 1955; Leg: Department of Biology.Hebiusvibakariruthveni Japanese keelback; 대륙유혈목이; five specimensNatrixvibakari or NatrixvibakariruthveniOriginal label name: Natrixvibakariruthveni) from eastern Asia. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 13: 3–4.Van Denburgh J (1923) A new subspecies of watersnake , 19 Jul. 1977; Leg: Kim Sooil. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6571; Loc: Palbongsan, Hongcheon, Gangwon-do, 31 Aug. 1978; Leg: Donation by Prof. Paik Namgeuk. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6581; Loc: Jeju-do, 30 May. 1999; Leg: Yun Seokjun.Remark: updated generic assignment for labels follows Amphiesma (sensu lato) by Lycodonrufozonatus Cantor, 1842Red banded snake; 능구렁이; 11 specimensDinodonrufozonatumOriginal label name: Cantor T (1842) General features of Chusan, with remarks on the flora and fauna of that island. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 1, 9: 481–493.EWNHM-ANIMAL 6499; Loc: Ganghwa, 29 Oct. 1991; Leg: Yun Seokjun. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6517; Loc: no data; Leg: no data. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6532; Loc: no data; Leg: no data. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6533; Loc: no data; Leg: no data. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6534; Loc: no data; Leg: no data. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6535; Loc: no data; Leg: no data. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6544 (Juv.); Loc: Gajeong-ri, Nam-myeon, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, 27 Jun. 2009; Leg: Ryu Jaewon. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6570; Loc: no data; Leg: no data. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6587; Loc: Gangchon, Chunseong-gun (= Chuncheon), Gangwon- do, 30 May. 1977; Leg: Donation by Prof. Paik Namgeuk. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6593; Loc: Sinchon, 15 Jun. 1955; Leg: Kim Hoonsoo. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6594; Loc: Sanghwanam, Sokrisan, 15 Jul. 1961; Leg: Chae Ingi.Remark: updated labels reflect taxonomic revision of the group by Dinodon with Lycodon based on molecular and morphological results.Oocatochusrufodorsatus Frog-eating ratsnake; 무자치; 11 specimensElapherufodorsataOriginal label name: Cantor T (1842) General features of Chusan, with remarks on the flora and fauna of that island. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 1, 9: 481–493.EWNHM-ANIMAL 6509; Loc: no data; Leg: no data. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6510; Loc: no data; Leg: no data. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6511; Loc: no data; Leg: no data. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6512; Loc: Hwajeon, Gyeonggi-do, 3 Oct. 1980; Leg: Yun Seokjun. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6538; Loc: no data; Leg: no data. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6541 (Nn.); Loc: Gwangneung, 28 Sep. 1958; Leg: no data. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6564; Loc: Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do, 28 Jun. 1974; Leg: Kim Hungyu. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6565; Loc: Sangdo-dong, Seoul, 12 Oct. 1961; Leg: Kim Bo Ok. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6566; Loc: Gwangneung; Leg: Im Okja. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6567; Loc: Gwangneung, 4 Jun. 1960; Leg: Lee Namjun. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6580; Loc: Gwangpan-ri, Chunseong-gun (= Chuncheon), Gangwon-do, 10 Aug. 1978; Leg: Donation by Prof. Paik Namgeuk.Remark: the generic assignment for updated labels follows Elaphe species.Orientocoluberspinalis Slender racer; 실뱀; four specimensZamenisspinalisOriginal label name: Amphibolurus, Lygosoma, Cyclodus, Masticophis, Crotaphopeltis) und Fische  des Kgl. Zoologischen Museums. Monatsberichte der Königlichen Preussische Akademie des Wissenschaften zu Berlin 1866: 86–96.Peters WCH (1866) Mittheilung über neue Amphibien , Gangwon-do, 20 Jul. 1978; Leg: Donation by Prof. Paik Namgeuk. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6568; Loc: outside Jahamun, 14 Jul. 1961; Leg: Yun Jeongin.Remark: the updated labels reflect genus-level revision of this species by Rhabdophistigrinus Tiger keelback; 유혈목이; 28 specimensNatrixtigrina or NatrixtigrinalateralisOriginal label name: Boie H (1826) Merkmale einiger japanischer Lurche. lsis von Oken 18–19: 203–216.EWNHM-ANIMAL 6524; Loc: no data; Leg: no data. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6525; Loc: no data; Leg: no data. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6526; Loc: no data; Leg: no data. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6527; Loc: no data; Leg: no data. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6528; Loc: no data; Leg: no data. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6529; Loc: no data; Leg: no data. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6530; Loc: no data; Leg: no data. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6531 (Nn.); Loc: no data; Leg: no data. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6553; Loc: Bogwangsa, Gyeonggi-do (unknown collection date and year); Leg: no data. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6557; Loc: no data; Leg: no data. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6572; Loc: no data; Leg: no data. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6573; Loc: no data; Leg: no data. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6588; Loc: Miro, Samcheok, Gangwon-do, 16 Jul. 1978; Leg: Donation by Prof. Paik Namgeuk. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6589; Loc: President’s residence, Ewha Womans Univ. campus, 12 May. 1958; Leg: “Workman”. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6595; Loc: Gwangneung, Gyeonggi-do, 25 Jun. 1980; Leg: Kim Sooil. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6596; Loc: Yangsuri, Gyeonggi, 13 Oct. 1978; Leg: Noh Bunjo, Yun Seokjun. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6597; Loc: Baekryeong-do, 27 May. 1958; Leg: Kim Hoonsoo. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6598; Loc: Mujugucheondong, Jeonbuk, May. 1979; Leg: Yun Seokjun. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6599; Loc: Jinburyeong, Gangwon-do, Jul. 1976; Leg: Kim Jeonggyun, Lee Jeongsoon. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6600; Loc: Ewha Womans University campus, 23 May. 1966; Leg: “Workman”. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6603; Loc: no data; Leg: no data. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6604; Loc: no data; Leg: no data. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6606; Loc: Ewha Womans University campus, 15 Jun. 1955; Leg: Department of Biology. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6607; Loc: Ewha Womans University campus, 21 Jun. 1956; Leg: Hahm Jongseong. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 6608 – EWNHM-ANIMAL 6609 ; Loc: Gyeryongsan, Chungnam, hatched in captivity, 27 Jul. 2000; Leg: no data. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 6615 – EWNHM-ANIMAL 6616 ; Loc: dubious location name ; Leg: Ko Eungwon.Remark: the generic assignment in the updated labels follows the original description of the genus Rhabdophis by Natrix (sensu lato) by Sibynophischinensis Chinese many-toothed snake; 비바리뱀; one specimenGünther ACLG (1889) Third contribution to our knowledge of reptiles and fishes from the Upper Yangtsze-Kiang. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 4: 218–229.EWNHM-ANIMAL 6497; Loc: Hanlim, Jeju-do, 20 Jun. 1999; Leg: Seo Hyeongseok.Gloydiusbrevicaudus Short-tailed mamushi; 살모사; ten specimensAgkistrodonhalys or AgkistrodonhalysbrevicaudusOriginal label name: Stejneger LH (1907) Herpetology of Japan and adjacent territory. Bulletin of the United States National Museum 58: 1–577.EWNHM-ANIMAL 6501; Loc: Yeongju, Aug. 1957; Leg: D.J. Kim. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6502; Loc: no data; Leg: no data. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6503; Loc: no data; Leg: no data. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6504; Loc: no data; Leg: Department of Biology. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6505; Loc: Gwangpan-ri, Chunseong-gun (= Chuncheon), Gangwon-do, 20 Jun. 1977; Leg: Donation by Prof. Paik Namgeuk. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6520; Loc: Yangju (unknown collection date and year); Leg: Kim Myeongnim. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6536; Loc: no data; Leg: no data. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6551; Loc: Godaedo, 22 Jul. 1956; Leg: Kim Hoonsoo. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6552; Loc: Yukgokcheon, Euiseong, 20 Aug. 1958; Leg: Oh Soonjo. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6562; Loc: Godaedo, 22 Jul. 1956; Leg: Kim Hoonsoo.Remark: generic assignment in the updated labels is based on Agkistrodonblomhoffiibrevicaudus) because the name Agkistrodon (= Gloydius) halys used in former labels is only applicable to populations of Gloydius in Central Asia Rock mamushi; 까치살모사; four specimensAgkistrodonsaxatilisOriginal label name: Strauch A (1868) Concerning poisonous snakes distributed in Russia. Trudy Perv. Siezda Russ. Yestestv. Zool., 1: 1–294.EWNHM-ANIMAL 6454 (Nn.); Loc: no data; Leg: no data. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6506; Loc: Daegwanryeong, 3 Aug. 1977; Leg: Donation by Prof. Paik Namgeuk. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 6545 – EWNHM-ANIMAL 6546 ; Loc: Mitan, Pyeongchang, Gangwon-do, 3 Nov. 1999; Leg: Donation by Prof. Paik Namgeuk.Citation: Remark: generic assignment in the updated labels as explained above for G.brevicaudus. Although some authors consider G.saxatilis as valid, here we treat that name as a synonym of G.intermedius following EWNHM-ANIMAL 6454 is the first reported specimen of G.intermedius with dicephalism Ussuri mamushi; 쇠살모사; 18 specimensAgkistrodonhalys or AgkistrodoncaliginosusOriginal label name: Emelianov AA (1929) Snakes of the Far Eastern District. Memoirs of the Vladivostok Section of the Russian State Geographical Society 3: 1–208.EWNHM-ANIMAL 6515; Loc: no data; Leg: no data. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6516; Loc: no data; Leg: no data. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6518; Loc: Mujugucheondong, Jeonbuk, May. 1979; Leg: Yun Seokjun. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6519; Loc: no data; Leg: no data. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6521; Loc: Palbongsan, Hongcheon, Gangwon-do, 2 Jul. 1978; Leg: Donation by Prof. Paik Namgeuk. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6522; Loc: Balang-ri, Paju, Gyeonggi-do, 5 Oct. 1997; Leg: Yun Seokjun. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6547; Loc: Jinburyeong, Gangwon-do, Jul. 1976; Leg: Kim Seonggyun, Lee Jeongsoon. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6548; Loc: Hwajeon, 19 Oct. 1979; Leg: Kim Sooman. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6549; Loc: Gwangneung, Sep. 1968; Leg: Chae Ingi. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6550; Loc: Gwangneung, Gyeonggi-do, 15 May. 1981; Leg: Yun Seokjun. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6554; Loc: Yeongsil, Hanrasan, Jeju-do, 10 Jul. 1979; Leg: Yun Seokjun. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 6555 – EWNHM-ANIMAL 6556 ; Loc: Mujugucheondong, Jeonbuk, 19 Jul. 1967; Leg: no data. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 6558 – ANIMAL 6559; Loc: Gupabal, 17 Sep.1962; Leg: Noh Bunjo. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6560; Loc: Gwangneung, 10 May. 1959; Leg: no data. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6561; Loc: Gwangneung, 19 May. 1955; Leg: Tak Soonae. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6574; Loc: Jinburyeong, 12 Aug. 1980; Leg: Yun Seokjun.Remark: generic assignment in the updated labels and invalidity of the name “Agkistrodonhalys” applied to East Asian Gloydius species as explained above for G.brevicaudus. The species name used in the updated labels follows the original species description by Ancistrodonblomhoffiussuriensis).Dracomelanopogon Boulenger, 1887Black-bearded flying dragon; one specimenLacertidae, Gerrhosauridae, Scincidae, Anelytropsidae, Dibamidae, Chamaeleontidae. London: 575 pp.Boulenger GA (1887) Catalogue of the lizards in the British Museum (Nat. Hist.) III. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6578; Loc: no data; Leg: no data.Remarks: a female specimen with pre-existing voucher number R54,0,7.Eremiasargus Peters, 1869Mongolian racerunner; 표범장지뱀; 12 specimensPeters WCH (1869) Eine Mittheilung über neue Gattungen und Arten von Eidechsen. Monatsberichte der Königlichen Preussische Akademie des Wissenschaften zu Berlin. 1869: 57–66.EWNHM-ANIMAL 6455; Loc: Yeonheedongsan, 6 Jun. (unknown collection year); Leg: Kang Yeongok. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6456; Loc: Gwangneung (sandy plain), 11 May. 1957; Leg: Kim Hoonsoo. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6457; Loc: Juan, 6 Jun. 1957; Leg: Kang Yeongsaeng. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6458; Loc: Sinchon, 28 Apr. 1959; Leg: Noh Bunjo. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6459; Loc: no location data, 25 May 1959; Leg: Kim Gihwan. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6460; Loc: Outside Jahamun, Seoul, 1 Jun. 1956; Leg: Yun Jeongin. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6461; Loc: Deokjeokdo, 8 Jul. 1956; Leg: Kim Hoonsoo. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 6462 – EWNHM-ANIMAL 6464 ; Loc: Sindangdong, Seoul, 5 May. 1957; Leg: Yun Deokhee. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6576; Loc: no data; Leg: Kim Bongjin. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6577; Loc: no data; Leg: no data.Takydromusamurensis Peters, 1881Amur grass lizard; 아무르장지뱀; 20 specimensPeters WCH (1881) Einige herpetologische Mittheilungen. 1. Uebersicht der zu den Familien der Typhlopes und Stenostomi gehörigen Gattungen oder Untergattungen. 2. Ueber eine neue Art von Tachydromus aus dem Amurlande. 3. Ueber die von Herrn Dr. finsch aus Polynesien gesandten Reptilien. Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin 1881: 69–72.EWNHM-ANIMAL 6465; Loc: Gomgol, Seoraksan, 24 Oct. 1971; Leg: no data. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6466; Loc: Bogwangsa, Gyeonggi-do, 16 Apr. 1983; Leg: Yun Seokjun. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6468; Loc: Myeongseongsan, Pocheon, Gyeonggi-do, 23 Nov. 2001; Leg: Yun Seokjun. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6470; Loc: Yumyeongsan, Gapyeong, Gyeonggi-do, 12 Jul. 1992; Leg: Yun Seokjun. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6471; Loc: Gwangneung, 11 May. 1957; Leg: Kim Hoonsoo. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6472; Loc: Daedunsan, Jeonbuk, 3 May. 1978; Leg; Natural History Museum. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 6476 – EWNHM-ANIMAL 6477 ; Loc: Sokrisan, Chungbuk, 6 Apr. 1979; Leg: Kim Sooil. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 6478 – EWNHM-ANIMAL 6479 ; Loc: Mujugucheondong, 8 May.1979; Leg: Yun Seokjun. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 6480 – EWNHM-ANIMAL 6481 ; Loc: Gwangneung, 7 Apr. 1958; Leg: Kim Hoonsoo. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 6485 – EWNHM-ANIMAL 6486 ; Loc: Gwangneung (unknown collection date and year); Leg: Kim Hoonsoo. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 6487 – EWNHM 6491 ; Loc: Baekdamsa, Seoraksan, 27 May. 1999; Leg: Yun Seokjun. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6575; Loc: Jinburyeong, 12 Aug. 1980; Leg: Yun Seokjun.Takydromuswolteri Fischer, 1885Mountain grass lizard; 줄장지뱀; six specimensFischer JG (1885) Ichthyologische und herpetologische Bemerkungen. V. Herpetologische Bemerkungen. Jahrbuch der Hamburgischen Wissenschaftlichen Anstalten. 2: 82–121.EWNHM-ANIMAL 6467; Loc: Cheonmasan, 19 May. 1979; Leg: Yun Seokjun. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6474; Loc: Baekryeong-do (unknown collection date and year); Leg: Kim Hoonsoo. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6475; Loc: Sindang-ri, Chungju, 5 May. 1979; Leg: Yun Seokjun. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 6482 – EWNHM-ANIMAL 6484 ; Loc: Anmyeondo (unknown collection date or year); Leg: Kim Hoonsoo.Takydromus sp.Two specimensEWNHM-ANIMAL 6469; Loc: Sangwonsa, Odaesan, 16 May. 1982; Leg: Yun Seokjun. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6473; Loc: Han River (Hangang), 27 Sep. 1959; Leg: Jeong Yeongae.Remarks: we were unable to identify these two specimens because the number of femoral pores (a characteristic that is clearly different between T.amurensis and T.wolteri) were not clearly visible. Pholidosis characteristics alone were insufficient to make a clear diagnosis at species level.Scincellavandenburghi Tsushima smooth skink; 도마뱀; two specimensSchmidt KP (1927) Notes on Chinese reptiles. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 54: 467–551.EWNHM-ANIMAL 6492; Loc: Jugeumsan, Gyeonggi-do, 17 Sep. 1990; Leg: Yun Seokjun. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6691; Loc: Wolchulsan, Yeongnam, 5 Oct. 2006; Leg: Kim Byungwoo.Scincellahuanrenensis Zhao & Huang, 1982북도마뱀; four specimensZhao E, Huang K (1982) A survey of amphibians and reptiles in Liaoning Province. Acta Herpetologica Sinica 1: 1–23.EWNHM-ANIMAL 6493 – EWNHM-ANIMAL 6496 ; Loc: Seorim, Yangyang, Gangwondo, 30 Jun. 2008; Leg: Lee Sangcheol.Voucher series Tiliquagigas Blue-tongued skink; one specimenSchneider JG (1801) Historiae Amphibiorum naturalis et literariae. Fasciculus secundus continens Crocodilos, Scincos, Chamaesauras, Boas. Pseudoboas, Elapes, Angues. Amphisbaenas et Caecilias. Frommanni, Jena, Germany. 374 pp.EWNHM-ANIMAL 6610; Loc: no data; Leg: no data.Trachemysscriptaelegans Red-eared slider; 붉은귀거북; four specimensPseudemysscriptaOriginal label name: Wied M (1838) Reise in das innere Nord-America in den Jahren 1832 bis 1834, erster Band. J. Hoelscher, Coblenz, 654 pp.EWNHM-ANIMAL 6580; Loc: no data; Leg: no data. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6617; Loc: no location data, 10 Mar. 1979; Leg: Shin Sook. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6699; Loc: no data; Leg: no data. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6700; Loc: no data; Leg: no data.Remark. generic assignment in the updated labels is based on the original description of Trachemys by Trachemys from synonymy with Pseudemys by Pelodiscusmaackii Northern Chinese softshell turtle; 자라; two specimensAmydamaackiiOriginal label name: Brandt JF (1858) Observationes quaedam ad generis trionychum species duas novas spectantes. Bulletin de l’Académie Impériale des Sciences de St. Petersbourg, la classe Physico-Mathématique 16: 110–111.EWNHM-ANIMAL 6611; Loc: Yukgokcheon, Gyeongbuk, 20 Aug. 1959; Leg: Oh Soonjo. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6614; Loc: Yangsuri, 30 Oct.1979; Leg: Yun Seokjun.Remark: generic assignment in the updated labels reflects taxonomy used in Pelodiscussinensis Wiegmann, 1835Chinese softshell turtle; 중국자라; one specimenAmydasinensisOriginal label name: Wiegmann AFA (1834) In: Meyen FJF (Ed.) Beiträge zur zoologie gesammelt auf einer reise um die erde. siebente abhandlung. amphibien. Nova Acta Physico-Medica Academia Caesarea Leopoldino-Carolina  17: 185–268.EWNHM-ANIMAL 6612; Loc: “Pond”, 30 Jul. 1964; Leg: Department of Biology.Remark: generic assignment in the updated labels as explained above for P.maackii.Pelodiscus sp.One specimenEWNHM-ANIMAL 6613; Loc: no data; Leg: no data.Remark: morphological characteristics used to identify Pelodiscus species , all native anuran species, three of six native salamander species, and some exotic and invasive species . In taxonomic diversity, the herpetological collection of EWNHM contain 17 amphibian species across 12 genera and eight families and 22 reptile species across 16 genera and seven families. The specimens were collected between 1951 and 2013. Although the sampling interval is not even, the time span covered by the collection is one of the broadest among collections of Korean herpetofauna. Therefore, the EWNHM collection represents one of the most significant research collections of Korean reptiles and amphibians.This catalogue is the first complete inventory of herpetology specimens deposited in the ies Figs –6. Some sacculus  were notEWNHM, the specimens held there are now accessible to researchers for perpetuity. In recent times, natural history collections have proved valuable resources in order to trace the origins and spread of disease (Natural history collections are a valuable resource for a number of reasons and by cataloging the collection at  disease  as well  disease . With ad


Some details of the author affiliations should be corrected in the article . We sincHaneul Lee is currently affiliated only to the Department of Physical Therapy, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Korea.The corrected author list is provided below:1Jerrold Petrofsky 2, Michael Laymon 1, Robert Donatelli 3,*and Haneul Lee 1 School of Physical Therapy, Touro University Nevada, Henderson, NV 89002, USA; Jerrold.Petrofsky@tun.touro.edu (J.P.); Michael.Laymon@tun.touro.edu (M.L.)2 Modern Athletic Science, Las Vegas, NV 88901, USA; bobbyd1950@gmail.com3 Department of Physical Therapy, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Korea* Correspondence: leehaneul84@gachon.ac.kr; Tel.: +82-32-820-4335


The authors wish to make the following corrections to this paper :This publication was funded by COST Action “Innovative approaches in pork production with entire males”-IPEMA (CA 15215), supported by COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology). The authors would like to thank Miriam Levenson (ILVO) and all people listed for helping with the pre-testing, translation or distribution of the questionnaire: L. Paternoster (BE), M. Frijlinck (BE), M. Lourenco (BE), O. Moreira (PT), J. Prates (PT), M. Bonneau (FR), P. Lawlor (IR), L. Doran (UK), J.E. Haugen (NO), M. Candek-Potokar (SL), M. Verhaagh (DE), D. Nakov (MK), M. Veneziani (IT) and many more colleagues and members of the Cost IPEMA network. In sweet memory and honor of Ulrike Weiler.


The publisher apologizes for the error.The second author’s name is spelled incorrectly. The correct name is: Leslee T. Nguyen. The correct citation is: Pearson MD, Nguyen LT, Zhao Y, McKenna WL, Morin TJ, Dunbar WB (2019) Fast and accurate quantification of insertion-site specific transgene levels from raw seed samples using solid-state nanopore technology. PLoS ONE 14(12): e0226719.


R. Soc. open sci.6, 191191 (Published Online 27 November 2019). (doi:10.1098/rsos.191191)Carbonodraco lundi gen et sp. nov., the oldest parareptile, from Linton, Ohio, and new insights into the early radiation of reptiles’ did not include the required ZooBank accession number. This is supplied here:Our originally published manuscript ‘LSIDurn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:02676B44-D849-4ACC-8869-76D5460E4239


The correct name is: Mathieu Maheu-Giroux. The correct citation is: Owen BN, Maheu-Giroux M, Matse S, Mnisi Z, Baral S, Ketende SC, et al. (2020) Prevalence and correlates of anal intercourse among female sex workers in eSwatini. PLoS ONE 15(2): e0228849.


This study is one in a series of planned studies on different Egyptian dipteran taxa aiming to catalogue the whole order in Egypt.Ceratopogonidae (biting midges) are systematically catalogued. A total number of 64 species belonging to 11 genera, four tribes and four subfamilies has been treated. Data for this study have been compiled from both available literature and specimens collected from different Egyptian localities by the authors. An updated classification, synonymies, type localities, world distributions by biogeographic realm(s) and country, Egyptian localities and dates of collection are provided comprising some new locality records. The study treats all previous inaccuracies in the classification of the family in Egypt.All known Egyptian taxa of the family  Ceratopogonidae is an extremely diverse family of small nematocerous flies  commonly known as biting midges, with some 130 recognised genera and almost 6,300 extant species distributed worldwide  not arched and basal medial cross-vein absent , in addition to specimens collected by the author and his co-workers from different Egyptian localities using light traps , Forcipomyiapsilonota (Kieffer), Forcipomyiafuliginosa (Meigen), Culicoidescircumscriptus Kieffer, Culicoidesdistinctipennis Austen, Culicoidespuncticollis (Becker) and Culicoidesschultzei (Enderlein)). A great deal of information, including synonymies (particularly Old World synonyms) and distributional data has been obtained from relevant literature and website databases as well. These sources are listed in the following subsections.Study area. Egypt, the study area, is a part of the Great Desert Belt, it is characterised by a warm and almost rainless climate and it is one of the driest countries in the world , Local distribution  and dates of collection. The distributional data and dates of collection that are known so far in the different ecological zones of Egypt are given. Localities within each ecological zone are arranged alphabetically and written after a colon following the ecological zone, for example, "Lower Nile Valley & Delta: EI-Qanatir, EI-Mansoura, Marsafa ".The basic sources for this part of the catalogue are data from some specimens collected from different Egyptian localities by the authors, in addition to literature records from previous studies on the Egyptian fauna of biting midges, including: Abbreviations used:AF, AfrotropicalAU, AustralasianICZN, The International Commission of Zoological NomenclatureIs., IslandsN., NorthNE, NearcticNT, NeotropicalOR, OrientalPA, PalaearcticS., SouthSt., SaintUSA, United States of Americavar., variety1020E87A-A5E9-54C1-BE3D-1AAAE6F28ABASkuse, 18891E6BB6AB-AE03-50F8-9B45-F932B22A53E6https://www.gbif.org/species/1633120LeptoconopsLeptoconops Skuse, 1889 . Type species: Tersesthesbrasiliensis Lutz, by original designation. Kieffer, 1921 [TersesthesTownsend 1893: 370]. Type species: Tersesthestorrens Townsend, by original designation. Townsend, 1893 . Type species: Microconopsvexans Kieffer, by original designation. Kieffer, 1921 . Type locality: Tunisia. Kieffer, 1921 . Type species: Dasyheleacalcuttensis Kieffer, by subsequent designation of  Kieffer, 1913 [GymnoheleaKieffer 1921b: 115]. Type species: Kempialongiserrus Kieffer, by subsequent designation of  Kieffer, 1921 [DolichoheleaEdwards 1929: 8]. Type species: Dolichoheleapolita Edwards, by monotypy. Edwards, 1929 [LophomyidiumCordero 1929: 94]. Type species: Lophomyidiumuruguayense Cordero, by original designation. Cordero, 1929 . Type species: Atrichopogonmeloesugans Kieffer. Wirth, 1956 [PsammopogonRemm 1979: 57]. Type species: Atrichopogontrifasciata Kieffer, by original designation. Remm, 1979 [RostropogonRemm 1979: 57]. Type species: Ceratopogonrostratus Winnertz, by original designation. Remm, 1979 . Type species: Atrichopogonbessa Yu and Yan, by original designation. Yu, Liu, Liu, Liu, Hao, Yan and Zhao, 2005 . Type locality: Egypt. Kieffer, 1925 . Type locality: Egypt (Maadi). Kieffer, 1925 . Type locality: Egypt. Kieffer, 1925 . Type locality: Yemen. Boorman & van Harten, 2002 . Type locality: Egypt (Maadi). Kieffer, 1925 . Type species: Tipulabipunctata Linnaeus, by subsequent designation of  Stephens, 1829 [TetraphoraPhilippi 1865: 630]. Type species: Tetraphorafusca Philippi, by monotypy. Philippi, 1865 [ProheleaKieffer 1911a: 319]. Type species: Ceratopogondecipiens Kieffer, by subsequent designation of  Kieffer, 1911 . Type species: Ceratopogonpalustris Meigen, by monotypy. Enderlein, 1936 . Type locality: Egypt (Maadi). Kieffer, 1925 . Type locality: Senegal. Clastrier, 1959 . Type locality: Egypt (Maadi). Kieffer, 1925 . Type locality: Egypt (Maadi). Kieffer, 1925 . Type species: Atrichopogonmicrotomus Kieffer, by subsequent designation of Kieffer (1921b: 7).PhasmidoheleaMayer 1937: 233]. Type species: Phasmidoheleacrudelis Mayer, by original designation. Mayer, 1937 . Type locality: Indonesia. de Meijere, 1907 . Type locality: Egypt. Kieffer, 1925 [ForcipomyialongitarsisTokunaga 1940: 92], preoccupied by Forcipomyialongitarsis . Type locality: Taiwan. Tokunaga, 1940 , 179. Type species: Dasyheleaornaticornis Kieffer, by subsequent designation of Wirth (1973: 358). Kieffer, 1913 . Type species: Culicoidesinsignicornis Kieffer, by original designation. Kieffer, 1925 [DicryptoscenaEnderlein 1936: 51]. Type species: Dasyheleainclusa Kieffer, by original designation. Enderlein, 1936 [SebessiaRemm 1979: 55]. Type species: Dasyheleaflavopyga Zilahi-Sebess, by original designation. Remm, 1979 [BorkentimyiaYu et al. 2005: 321]. Type species: Dasyheleaforsteri Grogan and Wirth, by original designation. Yu, Liu, Liu, Liu, Hao, Yan and Zhao, 2005 . Type locality: Egypt (Maadi). Kieffer, 1925 . Type locality: Czech Republic. Kieffer, 1918 , unnecessary new name for Culicoides Latreille. Type species: Culicoidespunctatus Latreille, automatic. Rafinesque, 1815 [OecactaPoey 1853: 238]. Type species: Oecactafurens Poey, by monotypy. Poey, 1853 [PsychophaenaPhilippi 1865: 628]. Type species: Psychophaenapictipennis Philippi (= Culicoidesvenezuelensis Ortiz and Mirsa), by monotypy. Philippi, 1865 [HaematomyidiumGoeldi 1905: 137]. Type species: Haematomyidiumparaense Goeldi, by original designation. Goeldi, 1905 . Type species: Cotocripuscaridei Brèthes, by monotypy. Brèthes, 1912 [OxyheleaKieffer 1921a: 14]. Type species: Culicoidesdentatus Kieffer, by monotypy. Kieffer, 1921 [DiplosellaKieffer 1921b: 113]. Type species: Culicoidessergenti Kieffer, by monotypy. Kieffer, 1921 [HaemophoructusMacfie 1925: 349]. Type species: Haemophoructusmaculipennis Macfie, by monotypy. Macfie, 1925 [ProsapelmaKieffer 1925a: 417]. Type species: Prosapelmacinerea Kieffer, by original designation. Kieffer, 1925 [SynheleaKieffer 1925a: 423]. Type species: Culicoidestropicalis Kieffer, by subsequent designation of  Kieffer, 1925 [HoffmaniaFox 1948: 21]. Type species: Culicoidesinamollae Fox and Hoffman (= Culicoidesinsignis Lutz), by original designation. Fox, 1948 [BeltranmyiaVargas 1953: 34]. Type species: Culicoidescrepuscularis Malloch, by original designation. Vargas, 1953 [SelfiaKhalaf 1954: 38]. Type species: Culicoideshieroglyphicus Malloch, by original designation. Khalaf, 1954 [MonoculicoidesKhalaf 1954: 39]. Type species: Ceratopogonnubeculosus Meigen, by original designation. Khalaf, 1954 [MacfiellaFox 1955: 217]. Type species: Ceratopogonphlebotomus Williston, by original designation. Fox, 1955 [AvaritiaFox 1955: 218]. Type species: Ceratopogonobsoletus Meigen, by original designation. Fox, 1955 [TrithecoidesWirth and Hubert 1959: 2]. Type species: Culicoidesflaviscutatus Wirth and Hubert, by original designation. Wirth and Hubert, 1959 [AnilomyiaVargas 1960: 37]. Type species: Culicoidescovagarciai Ortiz, by original designation. Vargas, 1960 [DrymodesmyiaVargas 1960: 40]. Type species: Culicoidescopiosus Root and Hoffman, by original designation. Vargas, 1960 [DiphaomyiaVargas 1960: 40]. Type species: Culicoidesbaueri Hoffman, by original designation. Vargas, 1960 [GlaphiromyiaVargas 1960: 41]. Type species: Culicoidesscopus Root and Hoffman, by original designation. Vargas, 1960 [MataemyiaVargas 1960: 43]. Type species: Culicoidesmojingaensis Wirth and Blanton, by original designation. Vargas, 1960 [MeijereheleaWirth and Hubert 1961: 23]. Type species: Ceratopogonguttifer de Meijere, by original designation. Wirth and Hubert, 1961 . Type species: Culicoidessegnis Campbell and Pelham Clinton, by original designation. Vargas, 1973 [SensiculicoidesShevchenko 1977: 133]. Type species: Ceratopogonpictipennis Staeger, by original designation. Shevchenko, 1977 [RemmiaGlukhova 1977: 116]. Type species: Ceratopogonschultzei Enderlein, by original designation. Glukhova, 1977 [SilvaticulicoidesGlukhova 1977: 117]. Type species: Ceratopogonfascipennis Staeger, by original designation. Glukhova, 1977 [NeoculicoidesBoorman and Lane 1979: 327], preoccupied by Neoculicoides Pierce, 1966. Type species: Neoculicoidestaylori Boorman and Lane, by original designation. Boorman and Lane, 1979 [NullicellaLee 1982: 165]. Type species: Culicoideslasaensis Lee, . Lee, 1982 [SinocoidesChu 1983: 26]. Type species: Culicoideshamiensis Chu, Qian and Ma, by original designation. Chu, 1983 [JilinocoidesChu 1983: 28]. Type species: Culicoidesdunhuaensis Chu, by original designation. Chu, 1983 [AmossoviaGlukhova 1989: 226]. Type species: Culicoidesdendrophilus Amosova, by original designation. Glukhova, 1989 [SilvicolaMirzaeva and Isaev 1990: 98]. Type species: Culicoidesgrisescens Edwards, by original designation. Mirzaeva and Isaev, 1990 [TokunagaheleaDyce and Meiswinkel 1995: 131]. Type species: Culicoidesmikros Dyce and Meiswinkel, by original designation. Dyce and Meiswinkel, 1995 . Type species: Culicoidesmarksi Lee and Reye, by original designation. Bellis and Dyce, 2011 . Type locality: Morocco (Tarhjicht). Kremer, Delécolle and Bailly-Choumara and Chaker, 1979 . Type locality: Tunisia. Kieffer, 1918 [CulicoidesnadayanusKieffer 1918a: 95]. Type locality: Turkey. Kieffer, 1918 . Type locality: Azerbaijan . Dzhafarov, 1958 . Type locality: Iraq. Khalaf, 1957 . Type locality: Tunisia. Callot and Krémer, 1969 . Type locality: Egypt. Kieffer, 1925 . Type locality: Egypt (Maadi). Kieffer, 1925 . Type locality: Iran. Naval, 1973 . Type locality: Israel (Jerisheh). Austen, 1921 , preoccupied by Culicoidesedwardsi Goetghebuer, 1921. Type locality: Europe. Goetghebuer, 1933 . Type locality: Egypt. Kieffer, 1925  Type locality: Russia. Kono and Takahasi, 1940 . Type locality: Spain. Name suppressed by ICZN Opinion 1643. Strobl, 1900 [CulicoidesimpressusKieffer 1918a: 47]. Type locality: Tunisia. Kieffer, 1918 . Type locality: Egypt. Kieffer, 1925 . Type locality: Latvia. Kieffer, 1921 . Type locality: Iraq. Khalaf, 1957 [CulicoidescoluzziiCallot et al. 1970: 710]. Type locality: Tunisia. Callot, Kremer and Bailly-Choumara, 1970 . Type locality: Algeria (El-Outaya). Kieffer, 1921 . Type locality: Iraq. Khalaf, 1957 [CulicoidesturkmenicusGutsevich 1959: 678]. Type locality: Turkmenistan. Gutsevich, 1959 . Type locality: France. Callot, Kremer and Deduit, 1962 . Type locality: Israel (Jerisheh). Austen, 1921 . Type species: Ceratopogonbellus Coquillett, by original designation. Malloch, 1915 [PrionognathusCarter et al. 1921a: 309]. Type species: Prionognathusmarmoratus Carter, Ingram and Macfie, by original designation. Carter, Ingram and Macfie, 1921 [ThysanognathusIngram and Macfie 1922: 244]. New name for Prionognathus Carter, Ingram and Macfie. Type species: Prionognathusmarmoratus Carter, Ingram and Macfie, automatic. Ingram and Macfie, 1922 [IsoecactaGarrett 1925: 9]. Type species: Isoecactapoeyi Garrett (= Ceratopogonbellus Coquillett), by original designation. Garrett, 1925 [6A0B3C90-B607-517D-9445-C36CC2A1E40FThysanognathusmelanostictaIngram and Macfie 1922: 248]. Type locality: Ghana. Ingram and Macfie, 1922 [ThysanognathusnilogenesKieffer 1925c: 262]. Type locality: Egypt. Kieffer, 1925 . Type species: Ceratopogonfemoratus Meigen, by subsequent designation of Westwood (1840: 126). Stephens, 1829 [AtmobiaBigot 1857: 519]. Type species: Ceratopogonfemoratus Meigen, by subsequent designation of  Bigot, 1857 [CeratolophusKieffer 1899: 69], preoccupied by Barboza de Bocage, 1873. Type species: Ceratopogonfemoratus Meigen, by original designation. Kieffer, 1899 . New name for Ceratolophus Kieffer. Type species: Ceratopogonfemoratus Meigen, automatic. Strand, 1928 . Type species: Palpomyiafilicornis Kieffer, by subsequent designation of  Kieffer, 1917 . Type locality: Egypt.PA: Egypt.Local distribution in Egypt: Lower Nile Valley & Delta: Cairo. Upper Nile Valley: Luxor.Dates of collection in Egypt: November and December.Meigen, 18187A0EBF7C-B72A-550A-9E01-813CF5246740MacropezaMacropeza Meigen, 1818 . Type species: Haasiellasemiflava Kieffer, by original designation. Kieffer, 1913 . Type species: Crespiniabrevipalpis Kieffer, by monotypy. Kieffer, 1923 [ParrotiaKieffer 1923b: 140]. Type species: Parrotiaflaviventris Kieffer (= Nilobezziakiefferi Wirth), by original designation. Kieffer, 1923 [SphaerobezziaZilahi-Sebess 1940: 108]. Type species: Bezziaparadoxa Zilahi-Sebess (= Ceratopogonformosa Loew), by monotypy. Zilahi-Sebess, 1940 [AD2582EC-92C6-593D-A702-98FC52B01052ParrotianiloticaKieffer 1925c: 263]. Type locality: Egypt . Kieffer, 1925 . Type species: Ceratopogonexpolitus Coquillett, by original designation. Malloch, 1915 [AllobezziaKieffer 1917: 296]. Type species: Ceratopogonexpolitus Coquillett, by original designation. Kieffer, 1917 . Type species: Bezziastrobli Kieffer , by original designation. Remm, 1974 [AspinabezziaDow and Turner 1976: 122]. Type species: Ceratopogonglaber Coquillett, by original designation. Dow and Turner, 1976 . Type locality: Egypt (Suez). Kieffer, 1925 . Type locality: Spain. Strobl, 1900 . Type locality: Egypt. Macfie, 1944 [AF: Gambia, Nigeria, South Africa, United Arab Emirates, Yemen. PA: Afghanistan, Algeria, Egypt, Europe (widespread), Israel, Lebanon.Local distribution in Egypt: Fayoum: Etsa, Fayoum City. Lower Nile Valley & Delta: Banha, Cairo, EI-Mansoura, El-Qanatir, Maadi, Marsafa. Western Desert: EI-Bustan (Beheira).Dates of collection in Egypt: March to November.


Global Heart. 2020; 15(1): 44. DOI: http://doi.org/10.5334/gh.823This article details a correction to the article: Prabhakaran D, Perel P, Roy A, Singh K, Raspail L, Faria-Neto JR, et al. Management of Cardiovascular Disease Patients With Confirmed or Suspected COVID-19 in Limited Resource Settings.  After the publication of ‘Management of Cardiovascular Disease Patients With Confirmed or Suspected COVID-19 in Limited Resource Settings.’ [


The correct name is: Sardar Alam Cheema. The correct citation is: Majeed A, Minhas WA, Mehboob N, Farooq S, Hussain M, Cheema SA, et al. (2020) Iron application improves yield, economic returns and grain-Fe concentration of mungbean. PLoS ONE 15(3): e0230720.


Oestridae (superfamily Oestroidea) in both Egypt and Saudi Arabia are systematically catalogued herein. Three oestrid subfamilies have been recorded in Saudi Arabia and/or Egypt by six genera: Gasterophilus (Gasterophilinae), Hypoderma, Przhevalskiana (Hypodermatinae), Cephalopina, Oestrus, and Rhinoestrus (Oestrinae). Five Gasterophilus spp. have been recorded in Egypt, namely, G.haemorrhoidalis (Linnaeus), G.intestinalis (De Geer), G.nasalis (Linnaeus), G.nigricornis (Loew), and G.pecorum (Fabricius). Only two of these species have also been recorded in Saudi Arabia, namely: G.intestinalis (De Geer) and G.nasalis (Linnaeus). The subfamily Hypodermatinae is represented in the two countries by only four species in two genera, namely, H.bovis (Linnaeus) and H.desertorum Brauer (in Egypt only), and H.lineatum (Villers) (in Saudi Arabia only) and Przhevalskianasilenus (Brauer) (in both countries). The subfamily Oestrinae is represented by two widely distributed species in both countries, namely, C.titillator (Clark) and O.ovis (L.), in addition to another species represented in Egypt only, R.purpureus (Brauer). For each species, synonymies, type localities, distribution, Egyptian and Saudi Arabian localities with coordinates, and collection dates are presented.All known taxa of the family  Oestridae are a family within the superfamily Oestroidea, together with the families Calliphoridae, Rhiniidae, Sarcophagidae, Mystacinobiidae, Tachinidae, and Rhinophoridae , Hypoderma, Przhevalskiana (Hypodermatinae), Cephalopina, Oestrus and Rhinoestrus (Oestrinae) (Bot flies were formerly classified into four families: estrinae . All theestrinae : Gasterostrinae) .Gasterophilus are common obligatory endoparasites of the alimentary tract of equines (Equus spp.) including horses, donkeys, and zebras in the family Equidae , G.intestinalis (De Geer), G.nasalis (Linnaeus), G.nigricornis (Loew), and G.pecorum (Fabricius)  . Only twnasalis .Hypodermatinae is represented in both Egypt and Saudi Arabia by only four species in two genera, namely, H.bovis (Linnaeus) and H.desertorum Brauer (in Egypt only), and H.lineatum (Villers) and P.silenus (Brauer) (in both Egypt and Saudi Arabia) (Hypoderma species across the Old World (Hypoderma larvae (P.silenus (goat warble fly) are known to cause subcutaneous myiasis distinguished by nodules on the back of goats and sheep. This myiasis causes severe economic problems to the livestock industry, including abortion and reduction in the body weight, fertility, and dairy production of the infested animals, in addition to a reduction in the quality of the hides and wool of the animal (The subfamily  Arabia) . The comld World . This dia larvae . The lare animal .Oestrinae are known as nasopharyngeal bot flies; they are host specific and cause obligatory myiasis in many animal species. Their obligatory parasitic larvae are known to cause nasopharyngeal myiases giving rise to respiratory problems, rhinitis, irritation, purulent mucous exudates, and nasal discharge  and C.titillator , which cause economic damage in the animal husbandry industry , is represented in Egypt and causes a parasitic disease in horses and donkeys called rhinoestrosis, which is characterized by clinical signs ranging from inflammation to coughing, sneezing, and dyspnea : The Mediterranean coast zone with 70–200 mm annual precipitation and mean temperature ranging from 9.4 °C in January to 29.7 °C in July; the middle zone with 29N as its latitudinal boundary, with less than 1 mm (Siwa Oasis) to 35 mm (Cairo) annual precipitation, and has only slightly higher temperature than the Mediterranean coast zone and the third zone is the upper Egypt, where rainfall is scant and capricious, ranging from 3 mm (Aswan) to none, with mean temperature (at Aswan) ranging from 9.3 °C in January to 41.8 °C in July. In general, the rainfall is low in the most Egyptian areas and deserts . Only the Mediterranean coastal strip from Salloum to Alexandria, Gebel Elba in the extreme southeast, and the mountains of southern Sinai receive higher and less erratic rainfall . In Saudi Arabia, the average annual temperature is 25.2 °C, the average high temperature is about 37.8 °C during summer (June to August) and is about 11.1 °C during winter (December to February). It is cool, with frost and snow may occur in the Asir Highlands during winter. The precipitation is also low throughout the country (<100 mm). It is more than 480 mm in the highlands of Asir; however, a decade may pass with no precipitation at all in the Rub’ al Khali (Empty Quarter) in the southeastern Saudi Arabia (Almazroui 2011).Diptera of Egypt and established big collections of flies pinned and preserved in three Egyptian museums in Cairo University, Ministry of Agriculture, and Entomological Society of Egypt. The oestrid specimens in these collections are considered in the present study.Efflatoun Bey, often called the “father of Egyptian entomology”, comprehensively surveyed the Oestrinae, Oestrusmaculatus Wiedemann, 1830 and O.libycus Clark, 1843, originally described from Egypt have been later synonymized with Cephalopinatitillator. Then Hypodermadesertorum from Helwan (Cairo), Egypt.During the nineteenth century, two species of subfamily Gasterophilidae and Oestridae). The list involved only family names with a list of species within each family, without any other taxonomic or faunistic data. Subsequently, between 1987 and 2018, the species prevalence and infestation by oestrids have been received attention by entomologists and veterinarians, but no study has been carried out to explore the national prevalence of this group. The infestation of donkeys by Gastrophilus and Rhinoestrus species has been investigated in the slaughterhouse of the National Cairo Circus and in Giza Zoo abattoir by Oestrusovis in Cairo and Przhevalskianasilenus in Sinai has been studied by Gasterophilus species infest stomach of donkeys  for the first time. Between 1988–2018, entomological, medical and veterinary works have been published, but most of these studies were carried out at provincial scale. The ocular myiasis in man caused by the sheep bot fly O.ovis has been firstly reported in Saudi Arabia from Abha (Asir Region) by C.titillator infesting dromedary camels has been studied in the Eastern Province ; the Ministry of Agriculture Collection, Plant Protection Research Institute, Dokki, Giza, Egypt (PPDD), and the King Saud University Museum of Arthropods, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (KSMA). A great deal of biological, faunistic, and taxonomic information, including synonymies, distribution, collection localities, and dates were also obtained from relevant literature.The present data were gathered from some adult specimens collected and pinned by the authors from different Egyptian and Saudi Arabian localities, in addition to adult specimens pinned and preserved in Oestridae recorded from Egypt and Saudi Arabia. Subfamilies are arranged phylogenetically according to This study catalogues all known taxa of the family Family-group and genus-group names are written in bold uppercase letters and left-justified, with the genus-group names italicized. The genus-group names are listed again and left-justified under the headings, and written in bold italicized letters, with the first letter in uppercase and the remaining letters in lowercase, followed by the author, year, journal, and pages. Type species for each genus is given at the end, followed by the method by which it was fixed. Species names are left-justified as well, and written in bold italicized letters. Names of taxonomically valid species (senior synonyms) are listed again, combined with their original genera and left-justified under the headings followed by the author, year, journal, and pages. Synonyms of genera and species are listed in chronological order and written in regular italicized letters, followed by the author, year, journal, and pages as in senior taxa. The type locality for each species, including both senior and junior synonyms, is provided from the original descriptions. World distribution of each species based on relevant literature is listed alphabetically. The concept of Abbreviations used:AF Afrotropical RealmAU Australasian RealmEFC Collection of the Department of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Egypt (Efflatoun’s collection)KSA Kingdom of Saudi ArabiaKSMA King Saud University Museum of Arthropods, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaIs IslandMCCB Museum of Community College, Al-Baha University, KSAMSHC Personal collection M. El-HawagryNE Nearctic RealmNEO Neotropical RealmOR Oriental RealmPA Palearctic RealmPPDD Collection of the Plant Protection Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Dokki, Giza, EgyptSt. SaintUSA United States of AmericaDipteraOrder: CyclorrhaphaSuborder: OestroideaSuperfamily: OestridaeFamily GasterophilinaeSubfamily Taxon classificationAnimaliaDipteraOestridaeGenusLeach, 181755AF2635-D7D0-5BD5-B866-A5E858DCA236GasterophilusOestrusequi Clark, 1797 , by subsequent designation of Curtis, 1826: 146. Leach, 1817: 2. Type species: GastrusOestrusintestinalis De Geer, 1776, by subsequent designation of Coquillett, 1910: 546. Meigen, 1824: 174. Type species: GastrophilusGasterophilus. Agassiz, 1846: 160. Invalid emendation of EnteromyzaGasterophilus. Rondani, 1857: 20. Unnecessary replacement name for RhinogastrophilusOestrusnasalis Linnaeus, 1758, by original designation. Townsend, 1918: 152. Type species: EnteromyiaOestrushaemorrhoidalis Linnaeus, 1758, by original designation. Enderlein, 1934: 425. Type species: StomachobiaOestruspecorum Fabricius, 1794, by original designation. Enderlein, 1934: 425. Type species: HaemorrhoestrusOestrushaemorrhoidalis Linnaeus, 1758, by original designation. Townsend, 1934: 406. Type species: ProgastrophilusOestruspecorum Fabricius, 1794, by original designation. Townsend, 1934: 406. Type species: Taxon classificationAnimaliaDipteraOestridae746A2A68-A481-5D4B-AA9F-CA27F6D4A66FOestrushaemorrhoidalis Linnaeus, 1758: 584. Type localities: Probably Sweden, Germany, and France see .Oestrussalutiferus Clark, 1816: 3. Type locality: England.Oestrusduodenalis Schwab, 1840: 35. Type locality: Europe.Gastrophiluspallens Bigot, 1884: 4. Type locality: Sudan (Suakin).Gasterophiluspseudohaemorrhoidalis Gedoelst, 1923: 272. Type localities: Eritrea (Asmara); Republic of the Congo, Katanga Province (Biano), and Zambia.Oestrushemorrhoidalishaemorrhoidalis Linnaeus, 1758. Clark, 1815: 71. Incorrect subsequent spelling of Oestrushemorroidalishaemorrhoidalis Linnaeus, 1758. Guérin-Méneville, 1827: 96. Incorrect subsequent spelling of Oestrusaemorrhoidalishaemorrhoidalis Linnaeus, 1758. Rondani, 1857: 21. Incorrect subsequent spelling of Nose bot fly or Lip bot fly.AF: Burkina Faso, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Namibia, Republic of the Congo, Senegal, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Zambia. AU: Australia, Hawaii, New Zealand, Tasmania. NE: Canada , Mexico, USA (widespread). NEO: Argentina, Venezuela. OR: India. PA: Widespread. 37ECC6A4-101F-5BD8-A7BE-676D5FD25891Oestrusintestinalis De Geer, 1776: 292. Type locality: Sweden.Oestrusequi Clark, 1797: 298. Preoccupied by Fabricius, 1787. Type locality: England.Oestrusgastricusmajor Schwab, 1840: 31. Unavailable name.Oestrusbengalensis Macquart, 1843: 182. Type localities: Bangladesh and India.Oestrusgastrophilus Gistel, 1848: 153. Type locality: Probably Germany.Oestrusschwabianus Gistel, 1848: 153. Type locality: Probably Germany (Bavaria).Gastrophilusequivar.asininus Brauer, 1863: 71. Type localities: Egypt and Sudan (“Egypten” & “Nubien”).Gastrophilusaequiequi Clark, 1797. : Gasterophilusmagnicornis Bezzi, 1916: 29. Type locality: Eritrea.Horse bot fly.AF: Burkina Faso, Chad, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Morocco, Nigeria, Republic of the Congo, Senegal, South Africa, St. Helena, Sudan, Tanzania, United Arab Emirates. AU: Australia , Hawaii, New Zealand. NE: Canada , Mexico , USA (widespread). NEO: Argentina, Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul), Chile (Bío Bío Region), Jamaica, Venezuela. OR: India. PA: Widespread. 368E6F1E-0C32-5E69-9B0F-FC50A85A23D1Oestrusnasalis Linnaeus, 1758: 584. Type locality: Sweden.Oestrusequi Fabricius, 1787: 321. Type locality: Probably Europe.OestrusveterinusOestrusnasalis Linnaeus, 1758. Clark, 1797: 312. New replacement name for OestrussalutarisNomen nudum. Clark, 1815: pl. 1. Gasterophilusclarkii Leach, 1817: 2. Type locality: England (Bantham).Gastrusjumentarum Meigen, 1824: 179. Type locality: Probably Denmark.Oestrusgastricusminor Schwab, 1840: 40. Unavailable name.Gastrussubjacens Walker, 1849: 687. Type locality: Canada (Nova Scotia).Oestrusstomachinus Gistel, 1848: 153. Type locality: Probably Germany (Bavaria).Gasterophiluscrossi Patton, 1924: 963. Type locality: India (Punjab).Gastrophilusalbescens Pleske, 1926: 228. Type locality: Egypt (Cairo).Gastrophilusnasalisvar.nudicollis Dinulescu, 1932: 28, 32. Type locality: Unknown.Gastrophilusveterinusvar.aureus Dinulescu, 1938: 315. Type locality: Unknown.Gastrusjumentorumjumentarum Meigen, 1824. : Brauer, 1863: 87, 280. Incorrect subsequent spelling of Oestrusnasulisnasalis Linnaeus, 1758. : Fabricius, 1787: 321. Incorrect subsequent spelling of Throat bot fly or Horse nasal bot fly.Cosmopolitan.see Table 30.045837N, 31.091406E; 18.May.1935; EFC • 1 female; Cairo Manure Co.; 30.102160N, 31.253994E; 11.Jun.1924; from the stomach of a mule; EFC • 1 male; Helwan; 29.839022N, 31.300160E; 18.May.1934 • 1 female; Maadi; 29.961203N, 31.266910E; 9.Apr.1916; EFC.Egypt • 1 male; Abu-Rawash; Taxon classificationAnimaliaDipteraOestridae1C889187-11FA-5D16-887E-7F4ABF1C61F1Gastrusnigricornis Loew, 1863: 38. Type locality: Moldova (Bessarabia).Gastrophilusviridis Sultanov, 1951: 41. Type locality: Kazakhstan.Gasterophilusmigricornisnigricornis Loew, 1863. : Colwell, 2006: 291. Incorrect subsequent spelling of Horse stomach bot fly.PA: China, Egypt, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Mongolia, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan 9D609B46-4CB2-594D-BCE2-8571B3B7B255Oestruspecorum Fabricius, 1794: 230. Type locality: Probably Europe.Oestrusvituli Fabricius, 1794: 231. Type locality: Not given, probably Sweden and France.Gastrusjubarum Meigen, 1824: 179, 180. Type locality: Austria.Gastruslativentris Brauer, 1858b: 465. Type locality: Latvia (Curland).Gastrusferruginatus Zetterstedt, 1844: 978. Type locality: Sweden .Gasterophiluspecorumvar.zebrae Rodhain & Bequaert, 1920: 181. Type localities: Kenya and Tanzania.Gastrophilusvulpecula Pleske, 1926: 227. Type locality: China .Gastrophilusgammeli Szilády, 1935: 140. Type locality: Hungary.Gastrophilushammeligammeli Szilády, 1935. : Paramonov, 1940: 34, 46. Incorrect subsequent spelling of GastrusselysiNomen nudum. Walker, 1849: 687. Dark-winged horse bot fly.AF: Burkina Faso, Kenya, Namibia, Senegal, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia. OR: India. PA: Belgium, China , Czech Republic, Denmark, Egypt, France, Germany, Hungary, Iran, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Mongolia, Poland, Romania, Sweden, Switzerland, The Netherlands, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom 47F461ED-719F-5920-8464-8FC0CBE72854Oestrusbovis Linnaeus, 1758: 584. Type locality: Not given (? Sweden).OestrusericetorumNomen dubium. Clark, 1815. Oestrussubcutaneus Greve, 1818: 2. Type locality: Not given.Oestrusbovinus Schwab, 1840: 43. Type locality: Not given.Hypodermaheteroptera Macquart, 1843: 181. Type locality: Algeria (Oran).Hypodermabellieri Bigot, 1862: 113. Type locality: France (Corsica).Ox warble fly.AU: Hawaii, New Zealand. NE: Widespread. PA: Widespread.Unknown.This species is known to be recorded in Egypt only from the list of Taxon classificationAnimaliaDipteraOestridaeBrauer, 1897BB1C3D54-8A25-549C-AD71-F903349E180DHypodermadesertorum Brauer, 1897: 377. Type locality: Egypt (Helwan).No specific common name.PA: Egypt.See Table Hypodermabovis ; however, Hypoderma spp. in the Palaearctic Region and used the colour of hairs on mesonotum, shape of antennal segments and body length to differentiated between H.desertorum and H.bovis. Holotype is deposited in Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, Wien, Austria (NMW).Taxon classificationAnimaliaDipteraOestridae199CCD0B-0C1C-5A9C-8FF2-DEA1B88BE394Oestruslineatum Villers, 1789: 349. Type locality: Not given (Europe).HypodermabonassiUSA (Colorado). Brauer, 1875: 75. Type locality: Oestrussupplens Walker, 1849: 685. Type locality: Canada (Nova Scotia).Lesser cattle warble fly.Cosmopolitan.See Table Taxon classificationAnimaliaDipteraOestridaeGenusGrunin, 1948D3BA0FA4-E946-5634-BDFE-B01BC35DBEA5PrzhevalskianaHypoderma Latreille, 1818). Type species: Hypodermaorongonis Grunin, 1948, by monotypy. Grunin, 1948: 469 C7247CF7-A018-527A-9F0A-5302919A3DB8Hypodermasilenus Brauer, 1858b: 460. Type localities: Italy ; Egypt (Sinai).Hypodermaaegagri Brauer, 1863: 134, 281. Type locality: Greece (Crete).Hypodermagazellae Gedoelst, 1916: 263. Type locality: Tanzania (Massai).Hypodermacrossi Patton, 1922: 573. Type locality: India (Punjab).Hypodermaaeratum Austen, 1931: 423. Type locality: Cyprus .Hypodermacapreum Gauser, 1940: 38. Type locality: Azerbaijan.Goat warble fly.AF: East Africa, Saudi Arabia [as “South western part”]. OR: India. PA: Central Asia, Middle East, North Africa, southern Europe.See Table 19.759526N, 41.428219E; 3.Feb.2009; El-Hawagry leg.; sweeping net; MCCB.Saudi Arabia • 1 female; Al-Mekhwa; Taxon classificationAnimaliaDipteraOestridaeGenusStrand, 192842D54867-44FC-5D10-97C6-2B0FF01386A4CephalopinaCephalopsis). Strand, 1928: 48 , by original designation. Preoccupied by Fitzinger, 1873 in Pisces. Townsend, 1912: 53. Type species: Taxon classificationAnimaliaDipteraOestridaeF4816E7E-68E9-5C96-9AEE-446AE5A8202DOestrustitillator Clark, 1816: 4. Type locality: Syria.Oestrusmaculatus Wiedemann, 1830: 256. Type locality: Egypt.OestruslibycusNomen nudum. Clark, 1841: 100. Oestruslibycus Clark, 1843: 93. Type locality: Egypt.Pharyngobaluscameli Steel, 1887: 27. Type localities: Sudan, ?Afghanistan.Camel nasal bot fly.AF: East Africa, Saudi Arabia [as “South western part”]. AU: Australia. OR: India. PA: Widespread in association with camels, particularly, Afghanistan, Middle East, Mongolia, North Africa, South Europe.See Table 30.040022N, 31.244248E; 6.Jun.1924; Efflatoun leg.; from nose of camel; EFC • 1 male; same data as for preceding; 2.Jul.1924 • 1 female; same data as for preceding; 19.Nov.1929 • 1 male; Kerdassa; 30.02566N, 31.11335E; 19.May.1924; R.M. leg.; from nose of camel; EFC • 1 male, 1 female; Sinai, W. El-Sheikh; 28.56568N, 33.96525E; 21–27.Apr.1939; B.C.E. leg.; EFC • 1 female; Cairo abattoir; 30.040022N, 31.244248E; 20.Jan.1924; H.C.E. leg.; from the nose of a camel; PPDD • 1 female, 1 male; Birqash; 30.162842N, 31.039242E; 21.Jun.1999; El-Hawagry leg.; sweeping net; MSHC.Egypt • 1 male; Cairo abattoir; 24.578977N, 46.736175E; 30.Oct.1999; Azzam Alahmed leg.; from dromedary camels; KSMA.Saudi Arabia • 2 females; Riyadh, slaughterhouse; Taxon classificationAnimaliaDipteraOestridaeGenusLinnaeus, 175849C3240B-945C-5E3D-B28E-B0039DBAFF01OestrusOestrusovis Linnaeus, 1758, by original designation of Curtis, 1826: 106. Linnaeus, 1758: 584. Type species: CephalemyiaOestrusovis Linnaeus, 1758, by monotypy. Latreille, 1818: 273. Type species: CephalomyiaCephalemyia. Agassiz, 1846: 71. Unjustified emendation of Taxon classificationAnimaliaDipteraOestridae1E9C5CEC-FA50-5327-85FA-A90A423D3972Oestrusovis Linnaeus, 1758: 585. Type locality: Not given (? Sweden).Oestrusargalis Pallas, 1776: 29. Type locality: Not given (? Middle Asia).OestrusperplexusNomen nudum. Hudson, 1892: 63. Type locality: New Zealand. Sheep nasal bot fly.Cosmopolitan 5B13BD52-F039-545A-AC84-3FFA45EE9758Cephalomyiapurpurea Brauer, 1858b: 457. Type locality: Austria (Bisamberg).Rhinoestrusnasalis : Brumpt, 1913: 700. Misidentification.Equine nasal bot fly.AF, OR: Widespread  and Sinai Peninsula. The same situation is in Saudi Arabia as few records were reported especially from Al-Baha, Eastern Province, Makkah, and Riyadh regions  (Gasterophilus species have been reported in donkeys and horses (family Equidae) (Rhinoestruspurpureus (Bovidae) have been reported as hosts for the larvae of Hypodermalineatum . Two cases of gastric myiasis with larvae of unidentified Oestrus sp. were reported from Egypt, Minia Governorate  . AttacksEquidae)  and Rhinurpureus . The goalineatum , Oestrusrusovis , and Przsilenus . Ophthalernorate .Gasterophilusintestinalis, Gasterophilusnasalis, Gasterophilusnigricornis, Przhevalskianasilenus, Cephalopinatitillator, Oestrusovis and Rhinoestruspurpureus. This catalogue undoubtedly will act as a baseline for further study in both countries.The low abundance and diversity of species in both Egypt and Saudi Arabia should be taken with caution, since the family seems to lack sampling efforts in both countries. We think that the distributional data of these economically important flies within Egypt and Saudi Arabia is still scanty, and more efforts would be highly desirable in the future. Nevertheless, the present catalogue presented some new locality records especially for