AbstractNepticulidae and Opostegidae is presented, including fossil species. The catalogue is simultaneously published online in the scratchpad http://nepticuloidea.info/ and in Catalogue of Life . We provide a historical overview of taxonomic research on Nepticuloidea and a brief ‘state of the art’. A DNA barcode dataset with 3205 barcodes is made public at the same time, providing DNA barcodes of ca. 779 species, of which 2563 are identified as belonging to 444 validly published species. We recognise 862 extant and 18 fossil species of Nepticulidae in 22 extant genera and the fossil form genus Stigmellites. We count 192 valid Opostegidae species in 7 genera, without fossils. We also list seven dubious Nepticulidae names that cannot be placed due to absent type material and poor descriptions, 18 unavailable names in Nepticulidae that cannot be placed and we also list the 33 names (including four fossils) that once were placed as Nepticulidae or Opostegidae but are now excluded. All synonyms and previous combinations are listed. The generic classification follows the Molecular phylogeny that is published almost simultaneously. Subfamilies and tribes are not recognised, Trifurculinae Scoble, 1983 is synonymised with Nepticulidae Stainton, 1854 and Opostegoidinae Kozlov, 1987 is synonymised with Opostegidae Meyrick, 1893. The status of Casanovula Hoare, 2013, Etainia Beirne, 1945, Fomoria Beirne, 1945, Glaucolepis Braun, 1917, Menurella Hoare, 2013, Muhabbetana Koçak & Kemal, 2007 and Zimmermannia Hering, 1940 is changed from subgenus to full genus, whereas two PageBreakgenera are considered synonyms again: Manoneura Davis, 1979, a synonym of Enteucha Meyrick, 1915 and Levarchama Beirne, 1945, a synonym of Trifurcula Zeller, 1848. We propose 87 new combinations in Nepticulidae and 10 in Opostegidae, largely due to the new classification, and re-examination of some species. We propose the following 37 new synonymies for species :A catalogue of all named Stigmellaacerifoliella Dovnar-Zapolski, 1969 , Stigmellanakamurai Kemperman & Wilkinson, 1985 , Nepticulaamseli Skala, 1941 , Stigmellacathepostis Kemperman & Wilkinson, 1985 ), Stigmellapopulnea Kemperman & Wilkinson, 1985 ), Nepticulaobscurella Braun, 1912 ), Nepticulamandingella Gustafsson, 1972 ), Stigmellarosaefoliellapectocatena Wilkinson & Scoble, 1979 ), Micropteryxpomivorella Packard, 1870 ), Stigmellacrataegivora Puplesis, 1985 , Stigmellascinanella Wilkinson & Scoble, 1979 ), Stigmellapalmatae Puplesis, 1984 ), Stigmellasesplicata Kemperman & Wilkinson, 1985 ), Stigmellarhododendrifolia Dovnar-Zapolski & Tomilova, 1978 ), Stigmellaoa Kemperman & Wilkinson, 1985 , Stigmellagracilipae Hirano, 2014 , Nepticulachaoniella Herrich-Schäffer, 1863 ), Bohemanniapiotra Puplesis, 1984 ), Bohemannianipponicella Hirano, 2010 , Sinopticulasinica Yang, 1989 ), Trifurculacollinella Nel, 2012 ), Obrussatigrinella Puplesis, 1985 ), Microcalyptrisvittatus Puplesis, 1984 and Microcalyptrisarenosus Falkovitsh, 1986 ), Ectoedemiacastaneae Busck, 1913, Ectoedemiaheinrichi Busck, 1914 and Ectoedemiahelenella Wilkinson, 1981 ), Ectoedemiachloranthis Meyrick, 1928 and Ectoedemiaacanthella Wilkinson & Newton, 1981 ), Ectoedemiacoruscella Wilkinson, 1981 ), Ectoedemiapiperella Wilkinson & Newton, 1981 and Ectoedemiareneella Wilkinson, 1981 ), Ectoedemiasimiligena Puplesis, 1994 ), Ectoedemiaandrella Wilkinson, 1981 ), Nepticulacanadensis Braun, 1917 ), Opostegarezniki Kozlov, 1985 , Pseudopostegacyrneochalcopepla Nel & Varenne, 2012 ). Stigmellacaryaefoliella  and Zimmermanniabosquella  are taken out of synonymy and re-instated as full species. Lectotypes are designated for Trifurculaobrutella Zeller, 1873 and Nepticulagrandisella Chambers, 1880. Lepidoptera, being based on an online version of the Cardindex of the Natural History Museum in London  that cannot yet be found in an online database  is released with additional information and illustrations, and will be updated continuously. We are also happy to announce that at the same time this catalogue is made available to the Catalogue of Life  and GBIF. This catalogue is not only the taxonomic summary of the published knowledge on these families, it also contains many original data, such as new synonymies and taxonomic placement of species, based on our many years of research of these insects worldwide; some of these results are formalised here, but will be detailed elsewhere. In the material and methods section we discuss our various choices for this catalogue, such as species concepts, use of DNA barcodes, and nomenclatorial issues.For some years we have been preparing an online catalogue of ratchpad , which hn a book , using an a book , resulteNepticulidae and Opostegidae. We begin the results section with a review of the “state of the art” of Nepticuloidea in the various biogeographic regions.To place the list in a broader context we give an account of the taxonomic history and history of research on Nepticulidae that was described, was Stigmellaanomalella  of which Phalaenaanomalella. This makes Ectoedemiaoccultella  the first formally named nepticulid  occultella), although Linnaeus himself had yet no notion of the life history of the small moth that he found on his windows , this was overlooked by most 19th century authors, and in the first decades of the 19th century, species were still placed in Tinea  83) Fig.  and in SNepticula was formally erected in a meeting report by Nepticulidae (in his “Versuch einer naturgemässen Eintheilung der Schaben”) together with other leafminers in the genus Lyonetia, subgenus Bucculatrix, in which he placed ten nepticulid species together with six that we still consider as Bucculatrix (Bucculatricidae). All these descriptions were based on adults that were collected in the field without knowledge of the life history (except DeGeer’s work!). Stainton and his British followers drastically changed this situation, by eagerly rearing leafminers and many other microlepidoptera, resulting in a proliferation of new species discoveries. Following a few initial species descriptions, his book “Insecta Brittanica. Lepidoptera: Tineina” (Nepticulidae – at that point recognised as a family with two genera (Nepticula and Trifurcula) – with detailed information on leafmines and biology of 32 species in total  by ICZN art. 23.9.1.1), and do not compete with junior synonyms .Soon after Stainton’s iculidae ; 1857, t heft 67   had been tripled since 1848: from 24 to 77 see Fig. . In Euroann 1812– in Braunann 1812–; b and Mann 1812–. Jointlyann 1812–. After cmicrolepidoptera. He collected the leafmines actively and described them in a few papers, but in contrast to Stainton he did not wait for successful rearing results and described many new species solely on the basis of leafmines , but also many missing and reconstructing identities can still be cumbersome  in Easton, Pennsylvania, had started studies on eafmines , often reafmines . A seconeafmines ; 1878a. mbersome . Here weNepticulidae described from other regions than Europe or the USA, were two species described from Colombia by Stigmellamaoriella from New Zealand already predated these. However, Walker, often criticised for his numerous useless descriptions, was totally unaware he was naming a nepticulid and placed it in Tinea.The first th century Edward Meyrick (1854–1939) . When studying genitalia became more common practice, Meyrick refused to see the necessity and continued in a similar manner, relying almost completely on venation and colour pattern . Meyrick named only two nepticulid genera: Acalyptris and Enteucha, the latter he placed in Opostegidae , a Danish immigrant, started his studies at the Division of Entomology of the U.S. Department of Agriculture and somewhat later Annette Frances Braun (1884–1978) , Obrussa Braun, 1915, Glaucolepis Braun, 1917 and Microcalyptris Braun, 1925 , Bohemannia (pulverosella Stainton) or Acalyptris (minimella Rebel).In Europe, in addition to on, 1859 . Althougon, 1859 . Walsingun, 1925   ; these species are now all placed in Glaucolepis  Fig. ; b; 1911ucolepis ; 1914.Lepidoptera and the first study on nepticulids was by Nepticula into a number of species groups based on the male genitalia. The first following him was Hering . The single contribution by Bryan P. Beirne (1918–1998) was particularly important. He finished the British series of Lepidoptera genitalia started by Nepticulidae, apart from Trifurcula, in their ‘tineid’ volume, referring to Petersen’s work – , and described the male genitalia of the British species  and split Stigmella into Stigmella and Nepticula. From then on describing a new species without illustrating the male genitalia seldom occurred anymore, and the late 1940’s showed several examples of this  , provided with very poor and minute illustrations and brief descriptions , Fomoriagroschkei ).Quite a reverse development occurred in the first half of the 20Hering 183–1967  , then an applied entomologist in Burnaby, British Columbia, encouraged Wilkinson to revise this group for Canada and the USA. Wilkinson brought this research back to Portsmouth Polytechnic University, where he had worked since 1965, and two of his graduate students  worked jointly with him on North American Nepticulidae, resulting in five papers dealing with all known species and several new ones  Figs , 14 devenew ones . Later, new ones  obtained in 1983 ; 1983. HNepticulidae. In Amsterdam, several MSc students worked with Wilkinson on the taxonomy of Stigmella species groups in Europe, and the taxonomy of Stigmella in Japan and New Zealand , resulting in a joint collecting trip by Erik van Nieukerken and Hans van Driel to China with Chinese counterparts in 1984 (van Driel and van Nieukerken 1985). After closing of the Amsterdam department, this research was unfortunately not continued. Only much later, van Nieukerken picked up the collaboration with Liu Youqiao and completed one joint paper on Chinese Stigmella  and Central Asia (PageBreakcontinued his work in Vilnius (Lithuania), Pedagogical University and while his earlier papers were all in the Russian language, from 1988 he published mostly in English, and an important summary of all his earlier work was a book dealing with the Nepticulidae of the former Soviet Union, including 21 new species , but his initial responsibilities left him little opportunity to continue taxonomic work before he got a position as curator for microlepidoptera and Arachnida in 1999. Still he was able to finish some studies that he had started in Amsterdam, and continued collaborations with especially Roland Johansson and other Scandinavians: Ebbe Schmidt Nielsen (1950–2001)  Fig. , Bert Gu01) Fig.  and Ole 01) Fig. , very be01) Fig. –40 and aare Fig.  as PhD siculidae . Hoare fD thesis , of whicubgenera , that arLepidoptera, particularly Nepticulidae and Gracillariidae, and the opening of the Iron Curtain provided them with the opportunity to start extensive collecting in the Mediterranean region: Spain, Portugal, France, Italy, Croatia and Greece. They published a general guide for Central European species  and Ectoedemia, subgenera Ectoedemia and Zimmermannia  and some of our data are presented in this catalogue.Also work on North American Tineaauritella Hübner, 1813 (now Pseudopostegaauritella) and Elachistasalaciella Treitschke, 1833 . Opostega for these two species and his new Opostegacrepusculella, but he also included other small white species, that are now included in respectively Phyllocnistis Zeller, 1848 (Gracillariidae) and Leucoptera Hübner, 1825 (Lyonetiidae). Zeller did not select a type species, only much later salaciella as such. In 1848 Zeller narrowed Opostega and only included species now still regarded as Opostegidae, by removing the other species to his new genera Phyllocnistis and Cemiostoma Zeller, 1848 (a junior synonym of Leucoptera). In 1855 five out of the six known European species had been named and two species from North America followed in the next 20 years  make leafmines on Melicope (Rutaceae) (then named Pelea), whereas the life history of most Opostegidae remained a mystery. Only that of Opostegoidesscioterma had been extensively described by OposteganonstrigellaPageBreak(Ribes (Grossulariaceae), and another species of the same genus, Opostegoidesminodensis  was later discovered to be a cambium miner of Betula.After the early descriptions, for a long period new species, mostly from other continents, were almost all named by Edward Meyrick and Lord Walsingham  Table . Just sitrigella. This spth century there was still no agreement about placement of the single genus Opostega, some textbooks placed it in the Nepticulidae, sometimes as subfamily  for Pseudopostegaauritella and Menthaaquatica (Lamiaceae) for Pseudopostegacrepusculella. Both make long linear mines in the bark and gradually go deeper in the stem  have been studying the last years, and for which several publications are in preparation.We do not recognise any subspecies. The systematic category in itself is problematic, and is particularly a part of the polytypic biological species concept, that can only be used for species where distributions are known in detail and the amount of hybridisation in border areas has been studied; as such subspecies are mostly used in charismatic groups such as vertebrates and butterflies, and even in these there is a tendency given by the phylogenetic species concept to abandon subspecies and raise them often to full species, particularly in birds .Ectoedemiaoccultella in the entire Palearctic and Nearctic, making the same characterPageBreakistic mines on Betula and morphologically indistinguishable). In the case that there are more differences, we opt for separate species (e.g. Ectoedemiaintimella and Ectoedemiainsularis), particularly when consistent morphological differences are paired with a large diagnostic difference in DNA barcodes.If allopatric populations are morphologically  inseparable, and also share most of the biology, we simply use the same species name over the entire area . More than 50 years ago, the subspecies category had been used sometimes for biological forms (host plant races) and these are treated either as synonyms or raised to species level in a few cases.Very few subspecies have been described in the last 50 years in postega, ) we haveNepticulidae follows our molecular phylogeny .The classification of Nepticulidae, particularly Stigmella since Stigmella and Ectoedemia. Groups for which we have no or insufficient molecular data have been recognised when morphologically uniform and comprising more than one species, others are listed as unplaced within genera, or the larger clades that we recognise in Stigmella. When several groups together form a monophyletic clade, we sometimes use the term “cluster” for that clade.Species groups are a practical category to combine groups of species within large genera that share morphological and biological characters, and have been extensively used in Pseudopostega we have abandoned all species groups for the time being, and list the species alphabetically by geographic region. We have been unable to find phylogenetic or molecular support for the groupings and found them hard to use. For details for these groups we refer to the revisions that introduced them . We give the authors who used the group name for the first time, even though they may have used a different composition. Synonyms are not complete, and many group names for single species are not given in synonymy, nor are the many names for Pseudopostega groups.Species group names are not governed by the Ectoedemia  and listed alphabetically. Following the valid name we list the original combination plus those of the junior synonyms, followed by all now invalid subsequent combinations. Usually unavailable names are given at the end of the list of synonyms.Species are only listed in a phylogenetic order for those genera and groups where we have a detailed phylogeny, in practice only in http://nepticuloidea.info/, which is regularly updated, and the Catalogue of Life.For each species we give the biogeographical region(s) of occurrence with an abbreviation. When the abbreviation is placed in square brackets the species is assumed to be an introduction. For type localities and simple maps of country records we refer to the scratchpad PageBreaking about species status, even though there is no absolute criterion. The judgement of the value of barcode distances is particularly problematic in vicariant populations, such as island populations, where exchange of genetic material has ceased often a long time ago . This means that identities of specimens included were either identified by us or by colleagues providing the data. Obviously various barcoded larvae that did not match any adult barcodes and could not otherwise be identified may still belong to named species with unknown hosts. This dataset includes DNA barcodes of 3205 specimens, belonging to 779 species (733 Nepticulidae and 46 Opostegidae) of which 2574 specimens belong to 444 formally named species (409 Nepticulidae and 35 species of Opostegidae). The remaining 642 specimens belong to ca. 335 unnamed (or as yet unidentified) species (324 Nepticulidae and 11 Opostegidae). In the dataset 3071 barcodes are assigned a Barcode Identification Number (BIN), representing 900 BIN’s, which belong to 749 recognised species (717 Nepticulidae and 32 Opostegidae). A neighbour joining tree of the barcode data is supplied here as Supplementary material We release here our dataset of barcodes of well identified material as Data for specimens to which we refer in our notes are listed in Supplementary material PageBreakLepidoptera . For completeness’ sake we also include infrasubspecific names, that are not available according to the Code (ICZN 1.3.4). Many names based on leafmines only  are unavailable when published after 1930 (ICZN 13.6.2), these are marked with the abbreviation “NNLM” (see below). After screening some of these descriptions, they appeared to be available after all, since part of the description dealt with the larva, eg. the colour, thus making the description available, even though it often is of little use in recognising the species.We include only names that were published as real scientific names, all available names according to Acalyptris species 29135) or names given to unnamed barcoded species, as such names easily become obsolete and often are not published on paper or another fixed media anyway. Some of these intermittent names are listed on our scratchpad, though  has been a particular great help, since this contains fully scanned volumes, allowing checking of dates on wrappers of issues and volumes, in addition to those available in our libraries. Nowadays there are many more repositories with scanned journals and books of particular countries, but since they do not always contain scans of wrappers and title pages, this checking is not always easy. It would be a great improvement if all these repositories were accessible through a single online source (BHL?); now it is not always easy to find these.All original descriptions and references with new combinations and synonymies have been examined by EvN , always trying to establish correct publication dates, which lead to changing a few publication dates of taxa. The ICZN art. 50, 51, recommendations 51B–G), thus with comma, and use of PageBreakampersand rather than “and”. We always cite the page for the first description and for other nomenclatorial actions.In the catalogue proper we present citations in the form as recommended by the Code  does not have special requirements for new combinations, other than that the publication fulfils availability. In practice many new combinations have been made unintentionally in checklists, faunistic papers, faunas, without marking these, whereas several of the new combinations marked as such in literature (including some of our own) appeared not to have been new at all. In Nepticulidae this is particularly the case with the combinations of many species with Stigmella: after the recognition by Stigmella is valid rather than Nepticula, some authors started to use this generic name, but many did not, and this uncertainty continued for 70 years . Combinations only published online on webpages or databases (including the scratchpad) and not in online journals, are not accepted as validly published, and thus are given here as new combinations when valid. When these combinations are no longer valid and have been used only online, we mention this by adding “online comb.”We here introduce several new combinations, that became necessary after raising subgenera to full genus. While doing this, we realised that it is often difficult to find where new combinations have been made in the past, since 70 years ! There aal works . To docuICZN article 34.2). This follows the practice by most lepidopterists in leading catalogues and checklists, duly discussed by loc. cit.). In Nepticuloidea this affects only few names anyway, since most generic names are feminine .One deviation from the code is that we do not change the ending of species-group names to agree with the gender of the generic name  or for (infra)subspecific names within the same nominal species.Similar to the combinations, finding the source for new synonyms is often difficult, and we therefore give the source for all subjective synonymies that we have been able We have tried to include information on the primary types for each name in the scratchpad , includiType species of genera and type genera of family group names are always given in the list, using several similar abbreviations as suggested by  Afrotropical region AFR Australian and Pacific regions AUS Barcode Identification number BIN Barcoding of Life Database BOLD East Palearctic region EP International Code of Zoological Nomenclature  ICZN Incorrect original spelling IOS Incorrect subsequent spelling ISS Junior Homonym [of Genus] JH Junior Primary Homonym [of Species] JPH Junior Secondary Homonym [of Species] JSH Nomen dubium, dubious name, of which identity is unknown and untraceable NDNearctic regionNEA Neotropical region NEO Nomen nudum, unavailable name failing to conform to ICZN art 12 or 13 NN Nomen nudum, for a name after 1931 based on the description of a leafmine (ICZN 13.6.2) NNLM Nomen oblitum, forgotten name, not used as valid name after 1900 NO Oriental region OR Replacement name RN Synonymised by syn Type Genus TGPageBreak Type Species by Original Designation TS/OD Type Species by Original Designation and Monotypy TS/OD,M Type Species by Monotypy TS/M Type Species by Subsequent Designation TS/SD Unjustified emendation UE Unnecessary replacement name URN West Palearctic region WP Fossil species† The double dagger is given before an nomenclatorially unavailable name.‡ Superscript numbers refer to the taxonomic notes after the list. In the online html version of the list automatically hyperlinked. 1Nepticuloidea for region and genus. Here we report 862 extant named species of Nepticulidae and 192 Opostegidae, a total of 1054. For the 18 fossil species we refer to our earlier catalogue , which probably better reflects the reality. Fig. Nepticuloidea per region.There is a strong bias for the West Palearctic with 321 Europe. As has also become clear from the taxonomic history, until recently most work concentrated on the European fauna, and probably the majority of species have been described by now. Europe, excluding Cyprus, but including Macaronesia, contains 280 named species. We know of about 20 unnamed species of Trifurcula, eight Parafomoria and a small number of Stigmella, particularly Rhamnus feeders and several species belonging to the Stigmellasalicis complex  and Loteae, whereas Glaucolepis has groups of species feeding on Lamiaceae, Apiaceae: Bupleurum and Plantaginaceae: Globularia. Fomoria has a centre of diversity in Greece and Turkey with at PageBreakleast six species feeding on Hypericum. Acalyptris also has most species in South East Europe, with the staticis group specialised on Plumbaginaceae and often occurring along the sea coast, and four species in the platani group on Platanaceae, Loranthaceae and Anacardiaceae. Etainia and Zimmermannia are widespread in Europe, the first associated with Sapindaceae (Acer) and Ericaceae (Arctostaphylos), whereas most Zimmermannia are barkminers in Fagaceae, and one in Ulmus. Simplimorpha has one species, Stigmellapromissa, oligophagous on Anacardiaceae in southern Europea, whereas the single Enteucha, Enteuchaacetosae occurs in Central and Eastern Europe on Rumex species (Polygonaceae).The largest genus is ith oaks ; 2012b. Western Palearctic Region. Obviously Europe is part of this region, and its fauna continues along the Mediterranean coasts, but there is a great difference in the knowPageBreakledge of the faunas inside and outside of Europe. The region has only 50 species that are not known from Europe . The typical Mediterranean fauna continues in North Africa, Turkey and the Levant, but has been poorly sampled and will probably contain still many new taxa to discover. Turkey and Iran in particular are promising countries for high diversities, Turkey has a large diversity in such host plant genera as Quercus and Hypericum. In the desert areas of the Middle East, North Africa and the Arabian peninsula other groups become important, such as the Acalyptrispsammophricta and shafirkanus groups .The northern part of the area, Siberia, has many trans-palearctic species, particularly Ectoedemia and Stigmella : Menurellaxenadelpha on Syzygiumacuminatissimum (Myrtaceae) PageBreak, the large majority belonging to non-core Stigmella. There PageBreakare also species in the Stigmellabetulicola group feeding on grasses such as Oplismenus and Cyperaceae (Cyperus): Stigmellaxystodes . However, we have seen examples or DNA barcodes of Nepticulidae from Madagascar that show the presence of the genera Acalyptris, Muhabbetana, Ectoedemia and Stigmella. No species are known from Réunion or Mauritius.The island fauna of the Indian Ocean is still poorly known: two species occur on Aldabra (Seychelles), see below under note 21, and one is named from Madagascar  in the eastern rainforest, specialised on plants in the Oxalidales  feeding on Myrtaceae, with a large number feeding on Eucalyptus , Sapindaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Phyllanthaceae and Rhamnaceae  and there is also one Glaucolepis in the raikhonae group. There is a rich opostegid fauna with 24 named species, but they have not yet been revised. The genera Opostegoides and Pseudopostega at least occur here, and there is possibly also a species of Eosopostega  was described from Guam   .Nepticulidae have been seen (RJBH), several on Cunoniaceae, but no serious collecting has taken place. The adults of two species are known, but these have not been placed to genus, and require further study. The fauna could well be diverse and important, in common with the very rich and unusual flora of this island.On New Caledonia many mines of Nearctic region. The fauna of the Nearctic is relatively poor with 85 named Nepticulidae and ten Opostegidae. The Nepticulidae were revised in the early 1980’s .y 1980’s  and the recently , but mucStigmella, with groups specialising on amongst others Fagaceae, Betulaceae, Juglandaceae, Rhamnaceae, Rosaceae and Anacardiaceae; typical species groups for this region are the saginella and quercipulchella groups with oak feeding species and the prunifoliella group feeding on Anacardiaceae, Rhamnaceae (Ceanothus) and Rosaceae (Prunus); most other species groups are shared with the Palearctic. Particularly in California and Arizona there are largely unstudied radiations of species on Quercus and Ceanothus. Ectoedemia is not nearly as diverse as in the Palearctic, and for instance has not more than three species feeding on oaks, but it has some other hosts including Platanaceae and Cornaceae (Nyssa). The genus Acalyptris still has a large undiscovered diversity, with several species specialising on Cyperaceae in wetlands, like the type species of Microcalyptris, Acalyptrisscirpi. Fomoria, Etainia and Glaucolepis are small genera with just a few species, but the barkmining Zimmermannia has a few more species (even though we synonymise here eight names) and is a widespread element, with associations with Fagaceae, Salicaceae and possibly Betulaceae. The fauna of southern Florida is more Neotropical with its two species of Enteucha on seagrape Coccolobauvifera (Polygonaceae) and various other species in Acalyptris, Stigmella and Pseudopostega. In northern North America there are several Holarctic species, particularly feeding on Betula  or Ericaceae (Fomoriaweaveri) and some European species have been introduced (paper in preparation).By far the largest genus is Neotropical Region. Currently 123 named species of Nepticulidae  and 89 Opostegidae are known, but due to active research new species are added regularly, particularly by Stonis and co-authors , but their occurrence still could be possible. The fauna of Macaronesia is mostly endemic, particularly on the Canarian Islands, with mostly Mediterranean or African elements of Glaucolepis, Muhabbetana, Fomoria, Acalyptris and Stigmella. The fauna of the Azores and Madeira is very poor with respectively one and four species, some of which have been introduced FAMILY Stigmellidae Hampson, 1918: 387 Family Pectinivalvinae Scoble, 1983: 12  Subfamily Nepticulinae Stainton, 1854Subfamily Stigmellinae Hampson, 1918Subfamily Trifurculinae Scoble, 1983: 16  syn. n.Subfamily Nepticulini Stainton, 1854: 295Tribe Stigmellini Hampson, 1918Tribe Trifurculini Scoble, 1983: 16 syn. n.Tribe Enteucha Meyrick, 1915a: 241  1Johanssonia Borkowski, 1972a: 702; JH of Johanssonia Selensky, 1914   Artaversala Davis, 1978: 219  Oligoneura Davis, 1978: 217; JH of Oligoneura Bigot, 1878 (Brachiopoda)  Manoneura Davis, 1979: 276; RN for Oligoneura Davis, 1978  1PageBreakJohanssoniella Koçak, 1981: 99; RN for Johanssonia Borkowski Enteuchaacetosae  van Nieukerken, 1986a: 7  Beirne, 1945: 200Johanssoniaacetosae  Borkowski, 1972a: 702Johanssoniellaacetosae  Koçak, 1981: 99Stigmellaarifoliella  Hering, 1957: 912Nepticulaarifoliellavar.altvateri Skala, 1941b: 79‡ Enteuchadiplocosma  Diškus & Puplesis, 2003: 321 ORNepticuladiplocosma Meyrick, 1921a: 411Enteuchaacuta Puplesis & Diškus in Puplesis et al., 2002: 21 NEOEnteuchabasidactyla  van Nieukerken, 1986a: 54 1NEA,NEOOligoneurabasidactyla Davis, 1978: 218Manoneurabasidactyla  Davis, 1979: 276Enteuchacontracolorea Puplesis & Robinson, 2000: 20 NEOEnteuchacyanochlora Meyrick, 1915a: 241 NEOEnteuchagilvafascia  van Nieukerken, 1986a: 54 NEA,NEOArtaversalagilvafascia Davis, 1978: 221Enteuchahilli Puplesis & Robinson, 2000: 19 NEOEnteuchasnaddoni Puplesis & Robinson, 2000: 21 NEOEnteuchatrinaria  comb. n.NEOManoneuratrinaria Puplesis & Robinson, 2000: 23Enteuchaterricula Puplesis & Robinson, 2000: 20 NEOVarius Scoble, 1983: 14 Variusochnicola  Scoble, 1983: 14 AFRStigmellaochnicola Vári, 1955: 336Variusochnicolus  Scoble, 1983: 14 [variant]Simplimorpha Scoble, 1983: 15 Simplimorphapromissa  van Nieukerken, 1986a: 6 WPNepticulapromissa Staudinger, 1871: 325Nepticularobiniella Gustafsson, 1973: 197 Stigmellapromissa  Klimesch, 1951b: 64Simplimorphalanceifoliella  Scoble, 1983: 15 AFRStigmellalanceifoliella Vári, 1955: 331PageBreakStigmella Schrank, 1802: 169  2: Phalaena (Tinea) anomalella Goeze, 1783)Nepticula Heyden, 1843: 208 : Tineaaurella Fabricius, 1755)  2Dysnepticula Börner, 1925: 370  anomalella Goeze, 1783)Astigmella Puplesis, 1984a: 111  Microsetia Stephens, 1834 sensu Kirby, 1897: 313  (see [854) see : 17]Stigmellaungrouped species in Non-core Stigmellafreyella  Vári, 1950: 182 WPNepticulafreyella Heyden, 1858: 175Stigmellakurilensis Puplesis, 1987: 8 EPStigmellaebbenielseni van Nieukerken & Van den Berg, 2003: 28 AUSStigmellaresplendensella  Newton & Wilkinson, 1982: 456 4NEANepticularesplendensella Chambers, 1875b: 118Stigmellaunifasciella  Newton & Wilkinson, 1982: 438 NEANepticulaunifasciella Chambers, 1875b: 119Stigmellagallicola van Nieukerken & Nishida in NEOStigmellaprunifoliella group  5Stigmellaprunetorum group Stigmellabifasciella group Stigmellaprunetorum  Beirne, 1945: 198 WP,EPNepticulaprunetorum Stainton, 1855: 72Nepticuladimidiatella Herrich-Schäffer, 1855a: 352 Nepticulaperpusillella Herrich-Schäffer, 1855a: 353 Nepticulaprunetella Doubleday, 1859: 36 UENepticulaligustrella Rössler, 1867: 395 Nepticulapunctella Threlfall, 1884: 113 ISSNepticulaprunetorumvar.aviella Skala, 1934b: 6 NNLM‡ Stigmellaprunetorumvar.aviella  NNLM‡ Stigmelladiniensis  Leraut, 1980: 49 WPNepticuladiniensis Klimesch, 1975c: 5Stigmellaceanothi  Newton & Wilkinson, 1982: 387 NEANepticulaceanothi Braun, 1910: 172Stigmellacerea  Newton & Wilkinson, 1982: 407 NEANepticulacerea Braun, 1917: 172Stigmellaintermedia  Wilkinson & Scoble, 1979: 62 NEANepticulaintermedia Braun, 1917: 171PageBreakStigmellaprunifoliella  Newton & Wilkinson, 1982: 385 NEANepticulaprunifoliella Clemens, 1861: 84Nepticulabifasciella Clemens, 1862: 133 Nepticulaserotinaeella Chambers, 1873: 126 Stigmellabifasciella  Wilkinson & Scoble, 1979: 59Stigmellarhoifoliella  Newton & Wilkinson, 1982: 391 NEANepticularhoifoliella Braun, 1912: 93Stigmellagossypii  Newton & Wilkinson, 1982: 404 NEONepticulagossypii Forbes & Leonard, 1930: 149Stigmellaschinivora van Nieukerken, 2016 in NEOStigmellaultima group Stigmellaaceris  Gerasimov, 1952: 222 WPNepticulaaceris Frey, 1857: 386Nepticulapenicillata Heinemann & Wocke, [1876]: 744 6 Nepticula szöcsi Klimesch, 1956: 423 Nepticulaszoecsi Klimesch, 1956: 423 ISS Stigmellaacerna Puplesis, 1988: 277 7WPStigmellaacerifoliella Dovnar-Zapolski, 1969: 20 NNLM; syn. n.7‡ Stigmellabicolor Puplesis, 1988: 276 EPStigmellabumbegerensis Puplesis, 1984d: 509 EPStigmellakozlovi Puplesis, 1984a: 118 EPStigmellamonella Puplesis, 1984a: 117 EPStigmellaorientalis Kemperman & Wilkinson, 1985: 21 EPStigmellasemiaurea Puplesis, 1988: 275 WP,EPStigmellategmentosella Puplesis, 1984a: 117 EPStigmellaultima Puplesis, 1984a: 117 EPStigmellajaponica Kemperman & Wilkinson, 1985: 20 Stigmellaulmivora group Stigmellakazakhstanica Puplesis in WP,EPStigmellapimschoorli Puplesis, 1994: 64  Klimesch, 1948b: 62 WPNepticulaulmiphaga Preissecker, 1942: 208Nepticulagracilivora Skala, 1942: 6 Stigmellaulmivora  Beirne, 1945: 199 8WPNepticulaulmivora Fologne, 1860: 92Nepticulaulmifoliae Hering, 1931: 531 Nepticulaulmicola Hering, 1932: 569 Stigmellaulmifoliae  Vári, 1944b: xxvStigmellaulmicola  Vári, 1944b: xxvNepticulaulmella Hofmann, 1858: 191 NN  8‡ PageBreakStigmellaviscerella  Beirne, 1945: 199 WPNepticulaviscerella Stainton, 1853: 3958Nepticulasubvirescens Meyrick, 1934b: 523 Nepticulatauromeniella Groschke, 1944: 117 Stigmellatauromeniella  Hering, 1957: 1090Stigmellaalisa Puplesis, 1985c: 63 EPStigmellaamuriella Puplesis, 1985c: 62 EPStigmellaauricularia Puplesis, Diškus & Juchnevič in Puplesis & Diškus, 2003a: 245 EPStigmellamultispicata Rocienė & Stonis in Stonis & Rocienė, 2014: 205 9EPStigmellanireae Kemperman & Wilkinson, 1985: 18 EPStigmellapalionisi Puplesis, 1984b: 5967EPStigmellanakamurai Kemperman & Wilkinson, 1985: 16 syn. n.10Stigmellaeurydesma group Stigmellaalbilamina Puplesis & Robinson, 2000: 33 NEOStigmellaeurydesma  Davis, 1984: 18 NEONepticulaeurydesma Meyrick, 1915a: 255Stigmellafuscilamina Puplesis & Robinson, 2000: 34 NEOStigmellasaginella group Stigmellacastaneaefoliella  Wilkinson & Scoble, 1979: 44 NEANepticulacastaneaefoliella Chambers, 1875b: 117Stigmellaflavipedella  Wilkinson & Newton, 1981: 31 NEANepticulaflavipedella Braun, 1914: 19Stigmellamacrocarpae  comb. n.11NEANepticulalatifasciella Chambers, 1878: 106 JPH of Nepticulalatifasciella Herrich-Schäffer, 1855 11 Nepticulamacrocarpae Freeman, 1967: 19Stigmellalatifasciella  Wilkinson & Scoble, 1979: 47Stigmellanigriverticella  Newton & Wilkinson, 1982: 423 NEANepticulanigriverticella Chambers, 1875b: 118Nepticulamaculosella Chambers, 1880a: 193 Stigmellasaginella  Wilkinson & Scoble, 1979: 39 NEANepticulasaginella Clemens, 1861: 85Nepticulafuscocapitella Chambers, 1873: 128 Nepticulaquercicastanella Chambers, 1873: 127 Stigmellasclerostylota Newton & Wilkinson, 1982: 429 NEAStigmellaaurifasciata Diškus & Stonis in NEOStigmellacrassifoliae Remeikis & Stonis, 2015: 410 NEOStigmellajaguari Remeikis & Stonis in NEOStigmellalauta Diškus & Stonis in NEOStigmellarobleae Remeikis & Stonis, 2015: 411 NEOStigmellasublauta Remeikis & Stonis in NEOPageBreakStigmellapaliurella group Stigmellabirgittae Gustafsson, 1985: 171 12WP,AFRStigmellaomani Puplesis & Diškus, 2003a: 207 Nepticulaamseli Skala, 1941b: 78 NNLM; syn. n.12‡ Stigmellaabaiella Klimesch, 1979: 21 13WPStigmellaficulnea Puplesis & Krasnilnikova, in Puplesis, 1994: 65 13WPStigmellalongicornuta Puplesis & Diškus, 2003a: 217 WPStigmellapaliurella Gerasimov, 1937: 285 14WPNepticulapaliurella  Klimesch, 1940a: 177 14Nepticulapaliurella Klimesch, 1940cStigmellaturbatrix Puplesis, 1994: 66 15WP,EPStigmellaceltivora Dovnar-Zapolski, 1969: 39 NNLM‡ Stigmellazizyphi Walsingham, 1911: 190 WP,AFRStigmellaziziphivora Gustafsson, 1985: 171 Nepticulazizyphi  Skala, 1938a: 45Stigmellamorivora Hirano, 2010: 128 EPStigmellasruogai Puplesis & Diškus, 2003a: 204 EPStigmellaisochalca  Diškus & Puplesis, 2003: 325 ORNepticulaisochalca Meyrick, 1916b: 6Stigmellanepali Puplesis & Diškus, 2003a: 206 ORStigmellaphyllanthina  Common, 1990: 156 AUSNepticulaphyllanthina Meyrick, 1906b: 60Stigmellanaturnella group (new)Stigmelladissona group Stigmellanaturnella  Klimesch, 1948b: 65 WP,EPNepticulanaturnella Klimesch, 1936: 205Astigmelladissona Puplesis, 1984a: 112  Puplesis, 1994: 58Stigmellamirabella  Puplesis, 1994: 58 EPAstigmellamirabella Puplesis, 1984a: 112Stigmellatiliae group Stigmellatiliae  Beirne, 1945: 198 WPNepticulatiliae Frey, 1856: 375Stigmellasashai Puplesis, 1984b: 594 EPStigmellaregina Puplesis, 1984b: 596 Stigmellabetulicola group Stigmellacorylifoliella group Stigmellaalnetella  Beirne, 1945: 198 WPNepticulaalnetella Stainton, 1856: 43PageBreakStigmellabetulicola  Beirne, 1945: 198 WP,EP,NEANepticulabetulicola Stainton, 1856: 42Nepticulabetulicolella Doubleday, 1859: 36 UENepticulabetulicolavar.nanivora Petersen, 1930: 61 Stigmellananivora  Hering, 1957: 183Stigmellaglutinosae  Beirne, 1945: 198 WPNepticulaglutinosae Stainton, 1858: 96Nepticuladistinguenda Heinemann, 1862b: 305 Nepticularubescens Heinemann, 1871: 214 Nepticulaglutinosella Porritt, 1883: 173 UEStigmellarubescens  Gerasimov, 1952: 256Nepticulaglutinosaevar.alni-viridis Skala, 1939e: 111 NNLM ‡ Nepticularubescensvar.incanae Skala, 1941a: 57 NNLM ‡ Stigmellagutlebiella A. Laštuvka & Huemer, 2002: 604 WPStigmellaluteella  Beirne, 1945: 198 WP,EPNepticulaluteella Stainton, 1857a: 110Nepticulaluteellina Skala, 1941b: 79 Stigmellamicrotheriella  Fletcher & Clutterbuck, 1945: 59 16WP,EP,Nepticulamicrotheriella Stainton, 1854: 302Stigmellacathepostis Kemperman & Wilkinson, 1985: 10 syn. n.16Microsetiamicrotheriella  Kirby, 1897: 313Stigmellanivenburgensis  Klimesch, 1951b: 59 17WP,EPNepticulanivenburgensis Preissecker, 1942: 209Stigmellapopulnea Kemperman & Wilkinson, 1985: 13 syn. n.17Stigmellasakhalinella Puplesis, 1984a: 115 WP,EPStigmelladiscidia Schoorl & Wilkinson, 1986: 237 Nepticuladistinguenda auct. [misapplied] Stigmelladistinguenda auct. [misapplied]Stigmellaattenuata Puplesis, 1985c: 62 EPStigmellabetulifoliae Puplesis & Diškus, 2003a: 179 EPStigmellaconchyliata Kemperman & Wilkinson, 1985: 11 EPStigmellacornuta Rocienė & Stonis in 18EPStigmellaexcelsa Puplesis & Diškus, 2003a: 182 EPStigmellakumashidei Hirano, 2014: 20 EPStigmellaoplismeniella Kemperman & Wilkinson, 1985: 12 EPStigmellapamirbetulae Puplesis & Diškus, 2003a: 180 EPPageBreakStigmellatitivillitia Kemperman & Wilkinson, 1985: 14 EPStigmellacaryaefoliella  stat. rev., comb. n.19NEANepticulacaryaefoliella Clemens, 1861: 84Stigmellacorylifoliella  Wilkinson & Scoble, 1979: 50 NEANepticulacorylifoliella Clemens, 1861: 83Nepticulavirginiella Clemens, 1861: 83 Nepticulaminimella Chambers, 1873: 179 Nepticulaopulifoliella Braun, 1914: 22 Nepticulapaludicola Braun, 1917: 177 Nepticulaexasperata Braun, 1930: 17 Stigmellajuglandifoliella  Wilkinson & Scoble, 1979: 57 NEANepticulajuglandifoliella Clemens, 1861: 84Stigmellalongisacca Newton & Wilkinson, 1982: 436 NEAStigmellamyricafoliella  Grossbeck, 1917: 145 20NEANepticulamyricafoliella Busck, 1900: 238Nepticulaobscurella Braun, 1912: 95 syn. n.20Stigmellaostryaefoliella  Wilkinson & Scoble, 1979: 54 21NEANepticulaostryaefoliella Clemens, 1861: 83Stigmellahimalayai Puplesis & Diškus, 2003a: 208 ORStigmellaxystodes  Diškus & Puplesis, 2003: 328 WP,ORNepticulaxystodes Meyrick, 1916b: 6Nepticulaliochalca Meyrick, 1916b: 6 Nepticulahomophaea Meyrick, 1918b: 181 Stigmellaliochalca  Diškus & Puplesis, 2003: 328Stigmellahomophaea  Diškus & Puplesis, 2003: 363Stigmellaallophylica Scoble, 1978b: 97 AFRStigmellaallophylivora Gustafsson, 1985: 167 AFRStigmellaandroflavus Scoble, 1978b: 104 AFRStigmellageneralis Scoble, 1978b: 102 AFRStigmellageranica Scoble, 1978b: 96 AFRStigmellahortorum Scoble, 1978b: 99 AFRStigmellapelanodes  comb. n.22AFRNepticulapelanodes Meyrick, 1920b: 116Stigmellapotgieteri Scoble, 1978b: 99 AFRStigmellasatarensis Scoble, 1978b: 97 AFRStigmellatragilis Scoble, 1978b: 98 AFRStigmellatropicatella Legrand, 1965: 27 23AFRStigmellatriumfettica Scoble, 1978b: 107 AFRStigmelladivina group Stigmelladivina Puplesis, Diškus & van Nieukerken, 1997: 55 WPStigmellamaculifera Puplesis & Diškus, 2003a: 212 WPStigmellaskulei Puplesis & Diškus, 2003a: 213 WPPageBreakAfrican speciesStigmellafluida group Stigmellaingens group Stigmellaabachausi  Scoble, 1978b: 104 AFRNepticulaabachausi Janse, 1948: 162Stigmellaabutilonica Scoble, 1978b: 93 AFRStigmellaampullata Scoble, 1978b: 108 AFRStigmellaangustivalva Scoble, 1978b: 113 AFRStigmellacaliginosa  Scoble, 1983: 43 AFRNepticulacaliginosa Meyrick, 1921b: 140Stigmellaceltifoliella Vári, 1955: 338 AFRStigmellacharistis Vári, 1963: 71 AFRStigmellaconfinalis Scoble, 1978b: 111 AFRStigmellacrotonica Scoble, 1978b: 100 AFRStigmelladombeyivora Scoble, 1978b: 107 AFRStigmellaficivora Gustafsson, 1985: 170 AFRStigmellafluida  Scoble, 1978b: 94 AFRNepticulafluida Meyrick, 1911a: 236Stigmellagalactacma  Diškus & Puplesis, 2003: 364 AFRNepticulagalactacma Meyrick, 1924b: 89Stigmellagrewiae Scoble, 1978b: 112 AFRStigmellagustafssoni  Diškus & Puplesis, 2003: 366 AFRNepticulagustafssoni Căpuşe, 1975: 211Stigmellaingens  Scoble, 1978b: 112 AFRNepticulaingens Meyrick, 1913: 327Stigmellairrorata  Scoble, 1978b: 95 AFRNepticulairrorata Janse, 1948: 168Stigmellaletabensis Scoble, 1978b: 113 AFRStigmellaliota Vári, 1963: 73 AFRStigmellamaytenivora Gustafsson, 1985: 174 AFRStigmellanaibabi Mey, 2004: 29 AFRStigmellanigrata  Scoble, 1978b: 106 AFRNepticulanigrata Meyrick, 1913: 326Stigmellapanconista  Diškus & Puplesis, 2003: 363 AFRNepticulapanconista Meyrick, 1920a: 312Stigmellaparinarella Vári, 1955: 337 AFRStigmellaperplexa  Scoble, 1978b: 103 AFRNepticulaperplexa Janse, 1948: 172Stigmellaplatyzona Vári, 1963: 67 AFRStigmellaporphyreuta  Scoble, 1978b: 110 AFRNepticulaporphyreuta Meyrick, 1917a: 13PageBreakStigmellapretoriata Scoble, 1978b: 109 AFRStigmellaprotosema  Scoble, 1978b: 109 AFRNepticulaprotosema Meyrick, 1921b: 140Stigmellarhomboivora Gustafsson, 1985: 167 AFRStigmellarhynchosiella Vári, 1955: 338 AFRStigmellaurbica  Scoble, 1978b: 103 AFRNepticulaurbica Meyrick, 1913: 326Stigmellauwusebi Mey, 2004: 30 AFRStigmellavarii Scoble, 1978b: 95 AFRStigmellawollofella  Gustafsson, 1985: 174 24AFRNepticulawollofella Gustafsson, 1972: 158Nepticulamandingella Gustafsson, 1972: 157 syn. n.24Stigmellamandingella  Diškus & Puplesis, 2003: 366Stigmellaworcesteri Scoble, 1983: 16 RN for Stigmellapallida Scoble, 1978 AFRStigmellapallida Scoble, 1978b: 105 JSH of Stigmellapallida Australian speciesStigmellaleucargyra  Nielsen, 1996: 16 AUSNepticulaleucargyra Meyrick, 1906b: 57Stigmellasymmora  Nielsen, 1996: 16 AUSNepticulasymmora Meyrick, 1906b: 59Oriental speciesStigmellaaeriventris  Diškus & Puplesis, 2003: 364 ORNepticulaaeriventris Meyrick, 1932: 312Stigmellaalicia  Diškus & Puplesis, 2003: 364 ORNepticulaalicia Meyrick, 1928b: 461Stigmellaargyrodoxa  Fletcher, 1933: 83 ORNepticulaargyrodoxa Meyrick, 1918b: 181Stigmellaauxozona  Diškus & Puplesis, 2003: 365 ORNepticulaauxozona Meyrick, 1934a: 468Stigmellaelachistarcha  Diškus & Puplesis, 2003: 365 ORNepticulaelachistarcha Meyrick, 1934a: 467Stigmellahoplometalla  Puplesis & Diškus, 2003a: 215 ORNepticulahoplometalla Meyrick, 1934a: 467Stigmellaipomoeella  Diškus & Puplesis, 2003: 328 ORNepticulaipomoeella Gustafsson, 1976: 45Stigmellaneodora  Diškus & Puplesis, 2003: 363 ORNepticulaneodora Meyrick, 1918b: 182Stigmellaoligosperma  Diškus & Puplesis, 2003: 365 ORNepticulaoligosperma Meyrick, 1934a: 468Stigmellapolydoxa  Diškus & Puplesis, 2003: 363 ORNepticulapolydoxa Meyrick, 1911c: 107PageBreakStigmellarhamnella/lapponica/sanguisorbae clusterStigmellatiliella group Stigmellatiliella  Newton & Wilkinson, 1982: 442 NEANepticulatiliella Braun, 1912: 90Stigmellakimae Puplesis & Robinson, 2000: 35 NEOStigmellarhamnella group (new)Stigmellaalaternella  Klimesch, 1948b: 63 WPNepticulaalaternella Le Marchand, 1937: 234Stigmellaarmeniana Puplesis, 1994: 90 WPStigmellacatharticella  Beirne, 1945: 199 WPNepticulacatharticella Stainton, 1853: 3955Stigmellacrenulatae  van Nieukerken, 1986a: 8 WPNepticulacrenulatae Klimesch, 1975c: 2Stigmellakopetdagica Puplesis, 1994: 92 WPStigmellapyrellicola  van Nieukerken, 1986a: 9 WPNepticulapyrellicola Klimesch, 1978b: 264Stigmellarhamnella  Klimesch, 1951b: 56 WPNepticularhamnella Herrich-Schäffer, 1860: 60Nepticularhamnellavar.rhamnipumilae Klimesch, 1950a: 49Stigmellarhamnophila  van Nieukerken, 1986a: 8 WPNepticularhamnellarhamnophila Amsel, 1934: 317Nepticularhamnophila Amsel & Hering, 1931: 142 NNLM‡ Stigmellaklimeschi Puplesis, 1988: 274 EPStigmellakurotsubarai Kemperman & Wilkinson, 1985: 15 EPStigmellataigae Puplesis, 1984a: 112 EPStigmellacondaliafoliella  Grossbeck, 1917: 145 NEANepticulacondaliafoliella Busck, 1900: 238Stigmelladiffasciae  Newton & Wilkinson, 1982: 398 NEANepticuladiffasciae Braun, 1910: 172Stigmellainconspicuella Newton & Wilkinson, 1982: 400 NEAStigmellarhamnicola  Newton & Wilkinson, 1982: 393 NEANepticularhamnella Braun, 1912: 96 JPH of Nepticularhamnella Herrich-Schäffer, 1860Nepticularhamnicola Braun, 1916: 55 RN for Nepticularhamnella Braun, 1912Stigmellamaya Remeikis & Stonis in NEOStigmellasanguisorbae group Stigmellarosaefoliella group Stigmellamuricatella  van Nieukerken, 1986a: 9 WP,EPNepticulamuricatella Klimesch, 1978b: 266PageBreakStigmellapolymorpha Puplesis & Diškus, 2003a: 183 WPStigmellarolandi van Nieukerken, 1990c: 239 WP,EPStigmellasanguisorbae  Gerasimov, 1952: 258 WPNepticulasanguisorbae Wocke, 1865: 269Stigmellathuringiaca  Gerasimov, 1952: 263 WP,EPNepticulathuringiaca Petry, 1904: 267Nepticulanickerli Rebel in Nickerl, 1908: 116 )Stigmellafasciola Puplesis & Diškus, 2003a: 185 EPStigmellatrisyllaba Puplesis in EPStigmellarosaefoliella  Wilkinson & Scoble, 1979: 14 25NEANepticularosaefoliella Clemens, 1861: 85Stigmellarosaefoliellarosaefoliella  Wilkinson & Scoble, 1979: 1425Stigmellalapponica group Stigmellamalella group Stigmellaconfusella  Vári, 1944a: 215 WP,EP,NEANepticulaconfusella Wood & Walsingham, 1894: 272Stigmellalapponica  Fletcher & Clutterbuck, 1945: 61 WP,EP,NEANepticulalapponica Wocke, 1862: 251Nepticulalapponicella Herrich-Schäffer, 1863c: 23 UENepticulalusatica Schütze, 1905: 204 Nepticulavossensis Grønlien, 1928: 217 Stigmellalusatica  Beirne, 1945: 200Stigmellavossensis  Gerasimov, 1952: 269Stigmellamalella  Beirne, 1945: 199 WPNepticulamalella Stainton, 1854: 304Nepticulaangustella Heinemann & Wocke, [1876]: 756 6 Nepticulanigrobrunnella Groschke, 1939: 716 Nepticulanigrobrunella auct. ISSStigmellanigrobrunnella  Hering, 1957: 837Nepticulamalellavar.prunicola Skala, 1939f: 126 NN‡ Stigmellamaloidica Puplesis in Puplesis & Arutyunova, 1991: 573 EPStigmellabraunella  Wilkinson & Scoble, 1979: 13 NEANepticulabraunella Jones, 1933: 49Stigmellaslingerlandella  Wilkinson & Scoble, 1979: 19 NEANepticulaslingerlandella Kearfott, 1908: 187rhamnella/lapponica/sanguisorbae clusterunplaced in Stigmellaboehmeriae Kemperman & Wilkinson, 1985: 54 EPStigmellacostaricensis van Nieukerken & Nishida in NEOStigmellaintronia van Nieukerken & Nishida in NEOPageBreakStigmellaogygia group (new) 26Stigmellaaigialeia Donner & Wilkinson, 1989: 17 AUSStigmellaaliena Donner & Wilkinson, 1989: 17 AUSStigmellaatrata Donner & Wilkinson, 1989: 18 AUSStigmellacassiniae Donner & Wilkinson, 1989: 18 AUSStigmellachildi Donner & Wilkinson, 1989: 19 AUSStigmellacypracma  Dugdale, 1988: 53 AUSNepticulacypracma Meyrick, 1916c: 419Nepticulaperissopa Meyrick, 1919: 354 Stigmellaperissopa  Dugdale, 1988: 54Stigmellaerysibodea Donner & Wilkinson, 1989: 21 AUSStigmellafulva  Dugdale, 1988: 53 AUSNepticulafulva Watt, 1921: 215Stigmellahakekeae Donner & Wilkinson, 1989: 22 AUSStigmellahamishella Donner & Wilkinson, 1989: 23 AUSStigmellahoheriae Donner & Wilkinson, 1989: 24 AUSStigmellailsea Donner & Wilkinson, 1989: 25 AUSStigmellainsignis  Dugdale, 1988: 53 AUSNepticulainsignis Philpott, 1927: 89Stigmellakaimanua Donner & Wilkinson, 1989: 26 AUSStigmellalaquaeorum  Dugdale, 1988: 53 AUSNepticulalaquaeorum Dugdale, 1971: 117Stigmellalucida  Dugdale, 1988: 54 AUSNepticulalucida Philpott, 1919: 225Stigmellamaoriella  Dugdale, 1988: 54 AUSTineamaoriella Walker, 1864: 1008Stigmellaogygia  Dugdale, 1988: 54 AUSNepticulaogygia Meyrick, 1889: 187Nepticulaerechtitus Watt, 1924: 686 Stigmellaerechtitus  Dugdale, 1988: 53Stigmellaoriastra  Dugdale, 1988: 54 AUSNepticulaoriastra Meyrick, 1917b: 247Stigmellapalaga Donner & Wilkinson, 1989: 31 AUSStigmellaplatina Donner & Wilkinson, 1989: 32 AUSStigmellaprogama  Dugdale, 1988: 54 AUSNepticulaprogama Meyrick, 1924a: 662Stigmellaprogonopis  Dugdale, 1988: 54 AUSNepticulaprogonopis Meyrick, 1921c: 336Stigmellapropalaea  Dugdale, 1988: 54 AUSNepticulapropalaea Meyrick, 1889: 187Stigmellasophorae  Dugdale, 1988: 54 AUSNepticulasophorae Hudson, 1939: 469PageBreakStigmellatricentra  Dugdale, 1988: 54 AUSNepticulatricentra Meyrick, 1889: 187Stigmellawatti Donner & Wilkinson, 1989: 35 AUSStigmellaepicosma group (new) 27Stigmellaandina  Davis, 1984: 18 NEONepticulaandina Meyrick, 1915a: 255Stigmellabaccharicola Diškus & Stonis in NEOStigmellabipartita Diškus & Stonis in NEOStigmellaconfertae Diškus & Stonis in NEOStigmellacostalimai  Davis, 1984: 18 28NEONepticulacostalimai Bourquin, 1961: 31Stigmellacuprata  Davis, 1984: 18 NEONepticulacuprata Meyrick, 1915a: 255Stigmellaemarginatae Diškus & Stonis in NEOStigmellaepicosma  Davis, 1984: 18 NEONepticulaepicosma Meyrick, 1915a: 255Stigmellaguittonae  Davis, 1984: 18 28NEONepticulaguittonae Bourquin, 1961: 32Stigmellahamata Puplesis & Robinson, 2000: 30 NEOStigmellaimperatoria Puplesis & Robinson, 2000: 30 NEOStigmellajohannis  Davis, 1984: 18 NEONepticulajohannis Zeller, 1877: 454Stigmellalatifoliae Remeikis, Diškus & Stonis in NEOStigmellamarmorea Puplesis & Robinson, 2000: 26 NEOStigmellamevia Remeikis & Stonis in Stonis & Remeikis, 2016: 311 NEOStigmellamontanotropica Puplesis & Diškus in Puplesis et al., 2002: 23 NEOStigmellanubimontana Puplesis & Diškus in Puplesis et al., 2002: 24 NEOStigmellaolyritis  Davis, 1984: 18 NEONepticulaolyritis Meyrick, 1915a: 256Stigmellapangorica Diškus & Stonis in NEOStigmellaperuanica Puplesis & Robinson, 2000: 27 NEOStigmellapodanthae Diškus & Stonis in NEOStigmellaracemifera Šimkevičiūtė & Stonis in NEOStigmellarubeta Puplesis & Diškus in Puplesis et al., 2002: 24 NEOStigmellarudis Puplesis & Robinson, 2000: 26 NEOStigmellaschoorli Puplesis & Robinson, 2000: 29 NEOStigmellaserpentina Diškus & Stonis in NEOStigmellasinuosa Remeikis & Stonis in Stonis & Remeikis, 2016: 310 NEOStigmellatripartita Diškus & Stonis in NEOStigmellasalicis group Stigmellafuscotibiella group PageBreakStigmellaaiderensis Puplesis, 1988: 277 WPStigmellaarbusculae  Hering, 1957: 930 WPNepticulaarbusculae Klimesch, 1951c: 149Stigmellaassimilella  Fletcher & Clutterbuck, 1945: 61 WP,EPNepticulaassimilella Zeller, 1848: 327Nepticulatremulaefoliella Sorhagen, 1922: 48 Stigmellatremulaefoliella  Gerasimov, 1952: 265Lyonetianigricornella Mann in Zeller, 1848: 327 NN‡ Stigmellabenanderella  Hering, 1957: 930 WPNepticulabenanderella Wolff, 1955b: 49Nepticulascandicella Jonasson in NN‡ Stigmellaflavescens Puplesis, 1994: 131 WP, EPStigmellamyrtillella  Vári, 1944a: 215 WPNepticulamyrtillella Stainton, 1857b: 44Nepticulamyrtillellavar.uliginosi Skala, 1941b: 80 NNLM‡ Stigmellaobliquella  Vári, 1944a: 215 WP,EPNepticulaobliquella Heinemann, 1862b: 316Nepticulawockeella Heinemann, 1871: 223 Nepticuladiversa Glitz, 1872: 24 Stigmellababylonicae Hartig, 1949: 94 Stigmellawockeella  Gerasimov, 1952: 269Stigmellapallidiciliella Klimesch, 1948a: 165 29WPNepticulapurpureae Skala, 1948: 121 Nepticulapallidiciliella  Wolff, 1955a: 86Stigmellasalicis  Fletcher & Clutterbuck, 1945: 60 30WP,EP,NEANepticulasalicis Stainton, 1854: 302Nepticulasalicella Herrich-Schäffer, 1855a: 354 UENepticulasalicivorella Doubleday, 1859: 36 UENepticulauniformis Heinemann, 1871: 210 Nepticuladewitziella Sorhagen, 1885: 285 Nepticulaauritella Skala, 1939f: 128 Stigmellalibiezi Dufrane, 1949: 8 Stigmellauniformis  Gerasimov, 1952: 267Stigmellaauritella  Hering, 1957: 929Nepticulasalicisab.crombruggheella Dufrane, 1930: 30‡ Nepticulasalicisab.februella Crombrugghe, 1907: 14‡ Nepticulasalicisab.interrupta Skala, 1933a: 32‡ Stigmellatrimaculella  Fletcher & Clutterbuck, 1945: 61 WP,EPTineatrimaculella Haworth, 1828: 583Lyonetiarufella Zeller, 1839: 215 PageBreakNepticulapopulella Herrich-Schäffer, 1855a: 357 Nepticulaalbicornella Kollar in Nowicki, 1860: 231 Nepticulagilvella Rössler, 1867: 395 Nepticulapopulicola Sorhagen, 1922: 88 Stigmellasubtrimaculella Dufrane, 1949: 10 Microsetiatrimaculella  Stephens, 1834: 269Nepticulatrimaculella  Stainton, 1849: 29Nepticularufella  Zeller, 1848: 328Stigmellapopulicola  Gerasimov, 1952: 252Nepticulatrimaculellaab.semipictella Steudel in Steudel & Hoffmann, 1882: 244‡ Stigmellavimineticola  Fletcher & Clutterbuck, 1945: 60 WPNepticulavimineticola Frey, 1856: 382Stigmellazelleriella  van Nieukerken, 1983a: 60 WPNepticulazelleriella Snellen, 1875: 116Nepticularepentiella Wolff, 1955a: 82 Nepticulalappovimella Svensson, 1976: 204 Stigmellarepentiella  Hering, 1957: 929Stigmellalappovimella  Svensson, 1985: 78Stigmellaazusa Hirano, 2010: 129 EPStigmellajohanssoni Puplesis & Diškus, 1996c: 181 EPStigmellajuratae Puplesis, 1988: 279 EPStigmellakondarai Puplesis, 1988: 277 EPStigmellasexcornuta Rocienė & Stonis in Stonis & Rocienė, 2014: 205 EPStigmellatenryuensis Hirano, 2014: 26 EPStigmellatranocrossa Kemperman & Wilkinson, 1985: 27 EPStigmellaussurica Puplesis, 1987: 8 Stigmellavittata Kemperman & Wilkinson, 1985: 28 EPStigmellafibigeri Puplesis & Diškus, 2003a: 209 ORStigmellaaromella Wilkinson & Scoble, 1979: 27 NEAStigmellafuscotibiella  Wilkinson & Scoble, 1979: 23 NEANepticulafuscotibiella Clemens, 1862: 133Nepticulaciliaefuscella Chambers, 1873: 128 Nepticuladiscolorella Braun, 1912: 86 Stigmellapallida  Newton & Wilkinson, 1982: 418 NEANepticulapallida Braun, 1912: 85Stigmellapopuletorum  Wilkinson & Scoble, 1979: 26 NEANepticulapopuletorum Frey & Boll, 1878: 276Stigmellamolinensis van Nieukerken & Snyers in NEOPageBreakStigmellaquercipulchella group Stigmellaaltella  Wilkinson & Newton, 1981: 58 NEANepticulaaltella Braun, 1914: 21Stigmellaquercipulchella  Wilkinson & Scoble, 1979: 65 NEANepticulaquercipulchella Chambers, 1882: 105Nepticulaterminella Braun, 1914: 23 Stigmellavariella  Wilkinson & Scoble, 1979: 67 NEANepticulavariella Braun, 1910: 173Stigmellaguatemalensis Diškus & Stonis in NEOStigmellaanomalella group Stigmellaanomalella  Walsingham, 1908a: 1008 2WP,EP,[NEA]Phalaenaanomalella Goeze, 1783: 168Phalaenagrisearosae Retzius, 1783: 55Tineapenicilla Thunberg, 1794: 88 Tinearosella Schrank, 1802: 139 Nepticulaaeneella Heinemann, 1862a: 254 Nepticulalaticuniculella Sauber, 1904: 55 Stigmellarubicurrens Walsingham, 1908a: 1009 2 Nepticularosarum Sorhagen, 1922: 30 Nepticulazermattensis Weber, 1936: 668 Nepticulahelbigi Hartig, 1941: 160 Stigmellacaulescentella Klimesch, 1948a: 162 29 Stigmellaanomalellapacifica Puplesis, 1987: 10Nepticulaanomalella  Stainton, 1854: 297Dysnepticulaanomalella  Börner, 1925: 370Nepticularosella  Sand, 1879: 200Stigmellarosella  Walsingham, 1908a: 10081Stigmellafletcheri  Fletcher & Clutterbuck, 1945: 59Nepticularubicurrens  Rebel, 1910: 373Stigmellarosarum  Gerasimov, 1952: 256Stigmellazermattensis  Gerasimov, 1952: 270Stigmellaanomalellafletcheri  Hering, 1957: 902Stigmellaanomalellahelbigi  Hering, 1957: 902Stigmellacentifoliella  Beirne, 1945: 199 31WP,[NEA]Nepticulacentifoliella Heyden, 1843: 208 NN‡ Nepticulacentifoliella Zeller, 1848: 315Nepticulahodgkinsoni Stainton, 1884: 103  Gerasimov, 1952: 243Stigmellaspinosissimae  Beirne, 1945: 198 WP,EPNepticulaspinosissimae Waters, 1928: 105Stigmellahybnerella group Stigmellanitidella group Stigmellaparadoxa group Stigmellairregularis group Stigmellahybnerella  Fletcher & Clutterbuck, 1945: 59 WPTineahybnerella Hübner, 1796: pl. 34: 236Caloptiliaampelipennella Hübner, [1825]: 427 URNTineaposticella Haworth, 1828: 584 Oecophoragratiosella Duponchel, 1843: 323 Nepticulaignobilella Stainton, 1849: 29 Nepticulalatifasciella Herrich-Schäffer, 1855a: 352 Microsetiaposticella  Stephens, 1834: 269Lyonetia hübnerella  Zeller, 1839: 215Nepticulagratiosella  Stainton, 1849: 29Lithocolletisgratiosella  Bruand, [1851]: 86Stigmellagratiosella  Beirne, 1945: 200Stigmellaignobilella  Fletcher & Clutterbuck, 1945: 60Nepticulaignobiliella auct. ISSStigmellamespilicola  Klimesch, 1948b: 57 Stigmellaariella  Klimesch, 1948b: 57Stigmellairregularis Puplesis, 1994: 61 WPStigmellainopinata A. Laštuvka & Z. Laštuvka, 1990: 197 WPStigmellaparadoxa  Emmet, 1970: 3 WPNepticulaparadoxa Frey, 1858a: 14Nepticulanitidella Heinemann, 1862a: 257  6Stigmellajuryi Puplesis, 1991: 125  Gerasimov, 1952: 249Stigmellapyrivora Gustafsson, 1981: 457 WPStigmellamalifoliella Puplesis in Puplesis & Arutyunova, 1991: 571 EPStigmellamontana Puplesis, 1991: 126 EPStigmellataeniola  Newton & Wilkinson, 1982: 382 NEANepticulataeniola Braun, 1925b: 226Stigmellastigmaciella Wilkinson & Scoble, 1979: 38 NEAPageBreakStigmellaincognitella group (new)Stigmellapomella group Stigmellaazaroli  van Nieukerken, 1986a: 13 32WPNepticulaazaroli Klimesch, 1978b: 261Stigmellafuscacalyptriella Puplesis, 1994: 149 WPStigmellaincognitella  van Nieukerken, 1986a: 13 WPNepticulaincognitella Herrich-Schäffer, 1855a: 349Nepticulapomella Vaughan, 1858: 43 Nepticulamali Hering, 1932: 568 Stigmellamali  Gerasimov, 1952: 247Stigmellapomella  Fletcher & Clutterbuck, 1945: 58Stigmellaperpygmaeella  Karsholt & Nielsen, 1976: 18 32WPTineapygmaeella Haworth, 1828: 586; JPH of Tineapygmaeella [Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775), now Argyresthiapygmaeella (Argyresthiidae)Nepticulaperpygmaeella Doubleday, 1859: 36; RN for Tineapygmaeella Haworth, 1828Microsetiapygmaeella  Stephens, 1834: 269Nepticulapygmaeella  Stainton, 1853: 3958Stigmellapygmaeella  Klimesch, 1951b: 55Stigmellaelegantiae Puplesis & Diškus, 2003a: 210 ORStigmellaoxyacanthella group Stigmellacrataegifoliella group Stigmellacaspica Puplesis, 1994: 109 WPStigmellacrataegella  Klimesch, 1948b: 62 WPNepticulacrataegella Klimesch, 1936: 200Stigmellaindigena Puplesis, 1994: 111  Beirne, 1945: 200 WPNepticuladesperatella Frey, 1856: 374Nepticulapyricola Wocke, 1877: 49  Klimesch, 1951b: 57Stigmellahahniella  Gerasimov, 1952: 241 WPNepticulahahniella Wörz, 1937: 290Stigmellalanceolata Puplesis, 1994: 111 WPStigmellamagdalenae  Emmet, 1979: 25 33WPNepticulanylandriellavar.magdalenae Klimesch, 1950b: 72Nepticulanylandriella auct.  Stigmellanylandriellamagdalenae  Klimesch, 1961: 752Nepticulamagdalenae Klimesch, 1950b Stigmellaminusculella  Beirne, 1945: 198 WP,[NEA]Nepticulaminusculella Herrich-Schäffer, 1855a: 348Nepticulachalybeia Braun, 1914: 20  Wilkinson & Scoble, 1979: 35Stigmellanylandriella  Beirne, 1945: 200 34WPLyonetianylandriella Tengström, 1848: 152Nepticulaaucupariae Frey, 1857: 376 Nepticulaaucupariella Porritt, 1883: 172 UENepticulanylandriella  Herrich-Schäffer, 1855: 359 34Stigmellaaucupariae  Beirne, 1945: 199Stigmellaoxyacanthella  Beirne, 1945: 200 35WP,[NEA]Nepticulaoxyacanthella Stainton, 1854: 298Nepticulaoxyacanthaecolella Doubleday, 1859: 298 URNMicropteryxpomivorella Packard, 1870: 237 syn. n.35Nepticulacotoneastri Sorhagen, 1922: 42  Busck, 1901: 52Stigmellapomivorella  Wilkinson & Scoble, 1979: 33Stigmellacotoneastri  Klimesch, 1948b: 60Nepticulachaenomelis Skala, 1936: 79 NNLM ‡ Nepticulaoxyacanthellavar.mespili Skala, 1940: 144 NNLM‡ Nepticulaoxyacanthellavar.oxymalella Skala, 1933b: 130 NNLM‡ Nepticulaoxyacanthellavar.oxysorbi Skala, 1933b: 130 NNLM‡ Stigmellachaenomelis  Hering, 1957: 275‡ Stigmellapyri  Vári, 1944a: 214 WPNepticulapyri Glitz, 1865: 42Stigmellaregiella  Vári, 1944a: 214 WPNepticularegiella Herrich-Schäffer, 1855a: 351Nepticulacorvimontana Hering, 1935: 6 Stigmellacorvimontana  Gerasimov, 1952: 234Stigmellastettinensis  Gerasimov, 1952: 262 WPNepticulastettinensis Heinemann, 1871: 210Stigmellatorminalis  Beirne, 1945: 200 WPNepticulatorminalis Wood, 1890: 209Stigmellaalaurulenta Kemperman & Wilkinson, 1985: 23 EPStigmellaaurora Puplesis, 1984a: 119 WP,EPStigmellachaenomelae Kemperman & Wilkinson, 1985: 23 EPStigmellacrataegi Gerasimov, 1937: 283 EPStigmellahissariella Puplesis, 1994: 112 EPStigmellahonshui Kemperman & Wilkinson, 1985: 24 EPStigmellamicromelis Puplesis, 1985c: 59 36EPStigmellacrataegivora Puplesis, 1985c: 60 syn. n.36Stigmellanostrata Puplesis, 1984a: 113 EPStigmellasorbivora Kemperman & Wilkinson, 1985: 25 EPPageBreakStigmellazumii Kemperman & Wilkinson, 1985: 26 EPStigmellaamelanchierella  Davis & Wilkinson, 1983: 3 37NEANepticulaamelanchierella Clemens, 1861: 84Stigmellacrataegifoliella  Wilkinson & Scoble, 1979: 30 NEANepticulacrataegifoliella Clemens, 1861: 83Stigmellaheteromelis Newton & Wilkinson, 1982: 405 NEAStigmellapurpuratella  Newton & Wilkinson, 1982: 381 38NEANepticulapurpuratella Braun, 1917: 176Stigmellascinanella Wilkinson & Scoble, 1979: 36 syn. n.38Stigmellascintillans  Wilkinson & Scoble, 1979: 33 NEANepticulascintillans Braun, 1917: 167Stigmellaargentifasciella group (new)Stigmellaargentifasciella  Newton & Wilkinson, 1982: 453 NEANepticulaargentifasciella Braun, 1912: 100Stigmellaaurella/ruficapitella cluster39Stigmellastyracicolella group (new)Stigmellastyracicolella  van Nieukerken, 1986a: 14 WPNepticulastyracicolella Klimesch, 1978b: 267Stigmellaegonokii Kemperman & Wilkinson, 1985: 53 EPStigmellaspeciosa group (new) 39Stigmellakuznetzovi Puplesis, 1994: 152 WPStigmellaspeciosa  Walsingham, 1916: 159 WPNepticulaspeciosa Frey, 1858b: 27Nepticulapseudoplatanella Weber, 1936: 671 Stigmellapseudoplatanella  Gerasimov, 1952: 254Nepticulaacerisvar.pseudoplatanella Skala, 1933b: 132 NNLM‡ Nepticulaspeciosavar.monspessulani Skala, 1939d: 144 NNLM‡ Stigmellalonicerarum  Gerasimov, 1952: 246 WPNepticulalonicerarum Frey, 1857: 383Nepticulalonicerarumvar.lentinensis Skala, 1935: 79 Nepticulalonicerarumvar.livonica Skala, 1935: 79 Nepticulalonicerarumvar.teutonica Skala, 1935: 79 Stigmellamonticulella Puplesis, 1984a: 114 40EPStigmellagracilipae Hirano, 2014: 22 syn. n.40Stigmellaaurella group  39Stigmellalediella group PageBreakStigmellaaeneofasciella  Gerasimov, 1952: 222 WPNepticulaaeneofasciella Herrich-Schäffer, 1855a: 353Nepticulaaeneofasciata Frey, 1856: 376 UEStigmellaaurella  Walsingham, 1908a: 1009 2WPTineaaurella Fabricius, 1775: 666Nepticulafragariella Heinemann, 1862a: 263 Nepticulanitens Fologne, 1862: 164 Nepticulagei Wocke, 1871: 336 Nepticulaalbicomella Heinemann & Wocke, [1876]: 748 6 Nepticulafruticosella Müller-Rutz in Vorbrodt & Müller-Rutz, 1914: 591 Microsetiaaurella  Stephens, 1834: 268Nepticulaaurella  Heyden, 1843: 209Stigmellafragariella  Vári, 1944a: 214Stigmellanitens  Vári, 1944a: 214Stigmellagei  Gerasimov, 1952: 240Stigmellafruticosella  Gerasimov, 1952: 240Nepticulageiab.semicolorella Eppelsheim, 1891: 351 NNLM‡ Nepticulageivar.geirubi Skala, 1940: 143 NNLM‡ Stigmellaauromarginella  Gerasimov, 1952: 229 WPNepticulaauromarginella Richardson, 1890: 30Stigmelladryadella  Klimesch, 1951b: 58 WPNepticuladryadella Hofmann, 1868: 29Stigmellafilipendulae  Gerasimov, 1952: 238 41WP,EPNepticulafilipendulae Wocke, 1871: 338Nepticulaulmariae Wocke, 1879: 79  Gerasimov, 1952: 266Stigmellageimontani  Klimesch, 1961: 754 WPNepticulageimontani Klimesch, 1940b: 89Stigmellalediella  Gerasimov, 1952: 245 42WP,EPNepticulalediella Schleich, 1867: 449Stigmellamagica Puplesis, 1985c: 63 Stigmellarhododendri Puplesis, 1985c: 65 Stigmellasesplicata Kemperman & Wilkinson, 1985: 36 syn. n.42Nepticulalediellaab.auromarginata Petersen, 1930‡ Stigmellarhododendrifolia Dovnar-Zapolski & Tomilova, 1978: 29 NNLM; syn. n.42‡ Stigmellapoterii  Fletcher & Clutterbuck, 1945: 59 WPNepticulapoterii Stainton, 1857c: 116Nepticulapoteriella Doubleday, 1859: 36 UEPageBreakNepticulacomari Wocke, 1862: 253 Nepticulageminella Frey, 1870: 288 Nepticulapalustrella Frey, 1870: 287 Nepticulaoccultella Heinemann, 1871: 215 Nepticula tengströmi Nolcken, 1871: 776 Nepticulapotentillae Glitz, 1872: 24 Nepticuladiffinis Wocke, 1874: 100 Nepticulaserella Stainton, 1888a: 260 Nepticulaelisabethella Szőcs, 1957: 321 Stigmellacomari  Gerasimov, 1952: 234Stigmellageminella  Gerasimov, 1952: 240Stigmellaoccultella  Gerasimov, 1952: 250Stigmellatengstroemi  Gerasimov, 1952: 263Stigmelladiffinis  Gerasimov, 1952: 236Stigmellaserella  Gerasimov, 1952: 259Stigmellapretiosa  Gerasimov, 1952: 253 WPNepticulapretiosa Heinemann, 1862a: 261Nepticulabollii Frey, 1873: 144 Stigmellageimontanitatrensis Borkowski, 1970b: 546 Stigmellabollii  Gerasimov, 1952: 231Stigmellasplendidissimella  Klimesch, 1951b: 58 WPNepticulasplendidissimella Herrich-Schäffer, 1855a: 353Nepticulasplendidissima Frey, 1856: 393 UENepticuladulcella Heinemann, 1862a: 267 Nepticulainaequalis Heinemann, 1862b: 302 Nepticulafragarivora Carolsfeld-Krause, 1944: 158 Stigmelladulcella  Gerasimov, 1952: 237Stigmellainaequalis  Gerasimov, 1952: 244Stigmellafragarivora  Hering, 1957: 455Nepticulapeterseniella Skala, 1941b: 78 NN ‡ Stigmellafragarivorapeterseniella  Hering, 1957: 455‡ Stigmellastelviana  Klimesch, 1948b: 67 WPNepticulastelviana Wocke, 1881: 205 NN‡ Nepticulastelviana Weber, 1938: 5Nepticulacrantziella Weber, 1945: 401 Stigmellacrantziella  Klimesch, 1948b: 69Stigmellatormentillella  Gerasimov, 1952: 264 WPNepticulatormentillella Herrich-Schäffer, 1860: 60Stigmellaacrochaetia Kemperman & Wilkinson, 1985: 31 EPStigmellaalikurokoi Kemperman & Wilkinson, 1985: 31 EPPageBreakStigmellaichigoiella Kemperman & Wilkinson, 1985: 35 EPStigmellalongispina Puplesis, 1994: 166 43WP,EPStigmellaspiculifera Kemperman & Wilkinson, 1985: 37 44EPStigmellaoa Kemperman & Wilkinson, 1985: 52 syn. n.44Stigmellavillosella  Newton & Wilkinson, 1982: 410 NEANepticulavillosella Clemens, 1861: 84Nepticuladallasiana Frey & Boll, 1876: 288 Stigmellasorbi group  36Stigmellaamygdali group Stigmellaamygdali  van Nieukerken, 1986a: 13 WPNepticulaamygdali Klimesch, 1978b: 264Stigmellacerasi Puplesis & Diškus, 1996b: 178 WPStigmellaplagicolella  Fletcher & Clutterbuck, 1945: 60 WPNepticulaplagicolella Stainton, 1854: 303Nepticulaplagicolellavar.avianella Skala, 1934c: 30 NNLM‡ Stigmellaplagicolellaavianella  Hering, 1957: 839 NNLM‡ Stigmellasorbi  Fletcher & Clutterbuck, 1945: 60 WP,EPNepticulasorbi Stainton, 1861: 91Nepticulasorbiella Porritt, 1883: 171 UENepticulasorbivar.cotoneastrella Weber, 1936: 670Stigmellacotoneastrella  Hering, 1957: 338Nepticulaplagicolellavar.malicola Skala, 1939d: 95 NNLM‡ Stigmellaplagicolellamalicola  Hering, 1957: 664 NNLM‡ Stigmellaaflatuniae Puplesis & Diškus, 1996b: 180 EPStigmellaazukinashii Hirano, 2014: 25 EPStigmellahamamelella Hirano, 2014: 20 EPStigmellalurida Puplesis, 1994: 132 45EPStigmellamotiekaitisi Puplesis, 1994: 135 WP,EPStigmellapourthiaeella Hirano, 2014: 24 EPStigmellasubsorbi Puplesis, 1994: 134 EPStigmellatenebrica Puplesis & Diškus, 2003a: 214 ORStigmellalemniscella group (new) 39Stigmellamarginicolella group Stigmellacontinuella  Fletcher & Clutterbuck, 1945: 59 WP,EPNepticulacontinuella Stainton, 1856: 42Stigmellauigurica Puplesis, 1985c: 62 Stigmellalemniscella  van Nieukerken, 1986a: 11 WPLyonetialemniscella Zeller, 1839: 215Nepticulamarginicolella Stainton, 1853: 3958 Nepticulasuberosella Toll, 1934b: 76 Nepticulafulvomacula Skala, 1936: 79 PageBreakNepticulalemniscella  Zeller, 1848: 313Stigmellamarginicolella  Fletcher & Clutterbuck, 1945: 59Stigmellafulvomacula  Gerasimov, 1952: 239Stigmellazagulaevi Puplesis, 1994: 139 WPStigmellagimmonella  Kuroko, 1982a: 448 EPNepticulagimmonella Matsumura, 1931: 1114Stigmellatalassica Puplesis in EPStigmellaapicialbella  Newton & Wilkinson, 1982: 413 NEANepticulaapicialbella Chambers, 1873: 127Nepticulaleucostigma Braun, 1912: 88 Stigmellafloslactella group  39Stigmellacarpinella  Gerasimov, 1952: 232 WPNepticulacarpinella Heinemann, 1862a: 251Stigmellafloslactella  Fletcher & Clutterbuck, 1945: 61 WPTineafloslactella Haworth, 1828: 585Nepticulasaxatilella Grönlien, 1932: 114 Microsetiafloslactella  Stephens, 1834: 268Nepticulafloslactella  Stainton, 1849: 29Stigmellasaxatilella  Gerasimov, 1952: 258Stigmellafloslactellaf.interrupta Dufrane, 1949: 10‡ Stigmellajohanssonella A. Laštuvka & Z. Laštuvka, 1997: 70 WPStigmellatityrella  Hering, 1957: 439 WPNepticulatityrella Stainton, 1854: 304Nepticulaturicella Herrich-Schäffer, 1855a: 355 Nepticulaturicensis Frey, 1856: 391 UENepticulacastanella Stainton, 1859a: 123 Nepticulahemargyrella auct. [misapplied] Stigmellaturicella  Fletcher & Clutterbuck, 1945: 60Stigmellacastanella  Gerasimov, 1952: 232Stigmellaruficapitella group - s.l.  39Stigmellahemargyrella group Stigmellaprocrastinella group Stigmellacastanopsiella group Stigmellahemargyrella  Gerasimov, 1952: 242 WPOecophorahemargyrella Kollar, 1832: 98Nepticulabasalella Herrich-Schäffer, 1855a: 354 Nepticulafagella Herrich-Schäffer, 1855a: 354 PageBreakNepticulafagi Frey, 1856: 384 Nepticulanobilella Heinemann & Wocke, [1876]: 755 6 Nepticulafulgens Stainton, 1888b: 12 Nepticulatityrella auct. [misapplied] Lyonetiahemargyrella  Zeller, 1839: 215Nepticulahemargyrella  Zeller, 1848: 323Stigmellabasalella  Fletcher & Clutterbuck, 1945: 60Stigmellacastanopsiella  Kuroko, 1982a: 448 EPNepticulacastanopsiella Kuroko, 1978: 1Stigmellakurokoi Puplesis, 1984b: 594 EPStigmellavalvaurigemmata Kemperman & Wilkinson, 1985: 45 Stigmellalithocarpella van Nieukerken & Liu, 2000: 169 EPStigmellavandrieli van Nieukerken & Liu, 2000: 171 EPStigmellacircumargentea van Nieukerken & Liu, 2000: 165 EPStigmellakao van Nieukerken & Liu, 2000: 166 EP,ORStigmellaalba Wilkinson & Scoble, 1979: 73 NEAStigmellaprocrastinella  Wilkinson & Scoble, 1979: 70 NEANepticulaprocrastinella Braun, 1927: 59Stigmellahumboldti Remeikis & Stonis, 2015: 412 46NEOStigmellaruficapitella group - s.s.  39Stigmellaatricapitella group Stigmellacaesurifasciella group Stigmellasuberivora group Stigmellaatricapitella  Beirne, 1945: 198 WPTineaatricapitella Haworth, 1828: 585Nepticuladiscrepans Sorhagen, 1922: 41 Microsetiaatricapitella  Stephens, 1834: 269Nepticulaatricapitella  Stainton, 1849: 28Stigmelladiscrepans  Gerasimov, 1952: 237Stigmellabasiguttella  Vári, 1944b: xxv WPNepticulabasiguttella Heinemann, 1862a: 258Stigmellacerricolella Klimesch, 1948a: 160 29 Nepticulacerricolella  Johansson, 1971: 253Nepticulabasiguttellacerricolella  Johansson, 1971: 253Stigmellabicuspidata van Nieukerken & Johansson, 2003: 341 WPStigmellacocciferae van Nieukerken & Johansson, 2003: 329 WPStigmelladorsiguttella  Pröse, 1984: 107 WPNepticuladorsiguttella Johansson, 1971: 251Stigmellaeberhardi  Kasy, 1979: 4 WPNepticulaeberhardi Johansson, 1971: 258PageBreakStigmellafasciata van Nieukerken & Johansson, 2003: 321 WPStigmellailicifoliella  Gómez Bustillo, 1981: 18 WPNepticulailicifoliella Mendes, 1918: 127Stigmellailicivoranigra Dufrane, 1955: 192 Stigmellakarsholti van Nieukerken & Johansson, 2003: 343 WPStigmellamacrolepidella  van Nieukerken, 1986b: 13 WPNepticulamacrolepidella Klimesch, 1978b: 257Stigmellaroborella  Emmet, 1976: 241 WPNepticularoborella Johansson, 1971: 258Nepticularuficapitella auct. partim before 1971Stigmellaruficapitella  Beirne, 1945: 198 WPTinearuficapitella Haworth, 1828: 586Tineaviolacella Haworth, 1828: 585 Microsetiaruficapitella  Stephens, 1834: 269Nepticularuficapitella  Stainton, 1849: 28Microsetiaviolaceella  Stephens, 1834: 269Nepticulalamprotornella Heyden in Herrich-Schäffer, 1855b: 69 NN ‡ Nepticularuficapitellavar.ruficastaneae Skala, 1949: 129 NNLM‡ Stigmellasamiatella  Vári, 1950: 180 47WPLyonetiasamiatella Zeller, 1839: 215Nepticulachaoniella Herrich-Schäffer, 1863b: 170 NOsyn. n.47Nepticulaquercella Herrich-Schäffer, 1863a: 23 NN  47Nepticulasamiatella  Zeller, 1848: 303Stigmellasuberivora  Beirne, 1945: 197 WPNepticulasuberivora Stainton, 1869b: 228Nepticulaaureocapitella Millière, 1876 Nepticulaaureocaputella Millière, 1876: 374 IOSNepticulailicivora Peyerimhoff, 1871: 413 Nepticulailicella Walsingham, 1891: 152 Stigmellailicivora  Gerasimov, 1952: 244Stigmellailicella  Le Marchand, 1946b: 284Stigmellasvenssoni  Emmet, 1976: 243 WPNepticulasvenssoni Johansson, 1971: 249Stigmellaszoecsiella  van Nieukerken, 1986a: 13 WPNepticulaszoecsiella Borkowski, 1972b: 776Stigmellatristis  Gerasimov, 1952: 265 WPNepticulatristis Wocke, 1862: 251Stigmellatrojana Z. Laštuvka & A. Laštuvka, 1998: 313 WPStigmellazangherii  Zangheri, 1969: 1014 WPNepticulazangherii Klimesch, 1951d: 61PageBreakStigmellaacuta Diškus, Navickaitė & Remeikis in EPStigmellaaladina Puplesis, 1984a: 115 EPStigmellaquercifaga Kemperman & Wilkinson, 1985: 44 Stigmellaazuminoensis Hirano, 2010: 125 EPStigmellacaesurifasciella Kemperman & Wilkinson, 1985: 38 EPStigmellaegregilustrata Kemperman & Wilkinson, 1985: 39 Stigmellaclisiotophora Kemperman & Wilkinson, 1985: 48 EPStigmellacrenatiella Hirano, 2010: 125 EPStigmelladentatae Puplesis, 1984a: 114 EPStigmellapulla Kemperman & Wilkinson, 1985: 43 Stigmellafervida Puplesis, 1984b: 593 EPStigmellafumida Kemperman & Wilkinson, 1985: 42 EPStigmellachrysopterella Kemperman & Wilkinson, 1985: 48 Stigmellakurii Kemperman & Wilkinson, 1985: 51 Stigmellahisaii Kuroko, 2004: 238 EPStigmellahisakoae Hirano, 2010: 126 EPStigmellakasyi van Nieukerken & Johansson, 2003: 331 EPStigmellaomelkoi Puplesis, 1984b: 593 EPStigmellakumatai Kemperman & Wilkinson, 1985: 50 Stigmellabarbata group Stigmellaplumosetaeella Newton & Wilkinson, 1982: 455 NEAStigmellaaustroamericana Puplesis & Diškus in Puplesis et al., 2002: 25 NEOStigmellabarbata Puplesis & Robinson, 2000: 37 NEOStigmellapurpurimaculae group  Rungs, 1979: 25 WPNepticulaarbatella Chrétien, 1922: 373Stigmellageorgiana Puplesis, 1994: 165 WPPageBreakStigmellagrandistyla Puplesis, 1994: 113 WPStigmellabrutea Remeikis & Stonis in NEOStigmellahylomaga  Davis, 1984: 18 NEONepticulahylomaga Meyrick, 1931a: 415Stigmellapruinosa Puplesis & Robinson, 2000: 38 NEOStigmellapseudodigitata Remeikis & Stonis in NEOStigmellasemilactea Remeikis & Stonis in NEOOzadelpha van Nieukerken in TS/OD: Ozadelphaconostegiae van Nieukerken & Nishida, 2016)Ozadelphaconostegiae van Nieukerken & Nishida in NEOOzadelphaguajavae  NEOEnteuchaguajavae Puplesis & Diškus in Puplesis et al., 2002: 22Ozadelphaovata  NEOStigmellaovata Puplesis & Robinson, 2000: 39Roscidotoga Hoare, 2000a: 293 Roscidotogacallicomae Hoare, 2000a: 295  stat. n.Casanovulabrevipalpa  comb. n.AUSPectinivalvabrevipalpa Hoare in Hoare & van Nieukerken, 2013: 27Casanovulaminotaurus  comb. n.AUSPectinivalvaminotaurus Hoare in Hoare & van Nieukerken, 2013: 29Menurella Hoare in Hoare & van Nieukerken, 2013: 35  stat. n.Menurellaacmenae  comb. n.AUSPectinivalvaacmenae Hoare in Hoare & van Nieukerken, 2013: 41Menurellaanazona  comb. n.AUSNepticulaanazona Meyrick, 1906b: 58Pectinivalvaanazona  Nielsen, 1996: 16Menurellafuneralis  comb. n.AUSNepticulafuneralis Meyrick, 1906b: 59Pectinivalvafuneralis  Nielsen, 1996: 16Menurellalibera  comb. n.  Nielsen, 1996: 16Menurellaplanetis  comb. n.AUSNepticulaplanetis Meyrick, 1906b: 58Pectinivalvaplanetis  Nielsen, 1996: 16Menurellaprimigena  comb. n.AUSNepticulaprimigena Meyrick, 1906b: 58Pectinivalvaprimigena  Nielsen, 1996: 16Menurellaquintiniae  comb. n.AUSPectinivalvaquintiniae Hoare & van Nieukerken, 2013: 47Menurellascotodes  comb. n.AUSPectinivalvascotodes Hoare in Hoare & van Nieukerken, 2013: 37Menurellatrepida  comb. n.AUSNepticulatrepida Meyrick, 1906b: 61Pectinivalvatrepida  Nielsen, 1996: 16Menurellatribulatrix  comb. n.AUSPectinivalvatribulatrix van Nieukerken & Hoare in Hoare & van Nieukerken, 2013: 48Menurellawarburtonensis  comb. n.AUSNepticulawarburtonensis Wilson, 1939: 239Pectinivalvawarburtonensis  Nielsen, 1996: 16Menurellaxenadelpha  comb. n.ORPectinivalvaxenadelpha van Nieukerken & Hoare in Hoare & van Nieukerken, 2013: 44Pectinivalva Scoble, 1983: 12Pectinivalvacaenodora  Nielsen, 1996: 16  Nielsen, 1996: 16 AUSNepticulachalcitis Meyrick, 1906b: 60Pectinivalvacommoni Scoble, 1983: 13 AUSPectinivalvaendocapna  Nielsen, 1996: 16 AUSNepticulaendocapna Meyrick, 1906b: 60Pectinivalvagilva  Nielsen, 1996: 16 AUSNepticulagilva Meyrick, 1906b: 59Pectinivalvamelanotis  Nielsen, 1996: 16 AUSNepticulamelanotis Meyrick, 1906b: 59Pectinivalvamystaconota Hoare in Hoare & van Nieukerken, 2013: 20 AUSNeotrifurcula van Nieukerken, 2016 in TS/OD: Neotrifurculagielisorum van Nieukerken, 2016)Neotrifurculagielisorum van Nieukerken, 2016 in NEOPageBreakHesperolyra van Nieukerken, 2016 in TS/OD: Fomoriadiskusi Puplesis & Robinson, 2000)Fomoriamolybditis group Puplesis et al., 2002Hesperolyradiskusi  NEOFomoriadiskusi Puplesis & Robinson, 2000: 43Hesperolyramolybditis  NEONepticulamolybditis Zeller, 1877: 453Stigmellamolybditis  Davis, 1984: 18Fomoriamolybditis  Puplesis & Robinson, 2000: 43Hesperolyrarepanda  NEOFomoriarepanda Puplesis & Diškus in Puplesis et al., 2002: 26Hesperolyrasaopaulensis van Nieukerken, 2016 in NEOBohemannia Stainton, 1859a: 439 Scoliaula Meyrick, 1895: 727; URN for Bohemannia Stainton, 1859 Bohemanniaaschaueri Fischer, 2013: 88 WP†Bohemanniabutzmanni Fischer, 2013: 86 WP†Bohemanniaauriciliella  van Nieukerken, 1986a: 16 Stigmellaauriciliella  Lhomme, [1963]: 1192Bohemanniapulverosella  van Nieukerken, 1982: 105 48WP,EP,[NEA]Trifurculapulverosella Stainton, 1849: 30Bohemanniapiotra Puplesis, 1984b: 586 syn. n.48Nepticulapulverosella  Meyrick, 1895: 726Stigmellapulverosella  Fletcher & Clutterbuck, 1945: 61Dechtiriapulverosella  Beirne, 1945: 206Ectoedemiapulverosella  Scoliaulapulverosella  Borkowski, 1975: 489Nepticulacineretella Frey in Herrich-Schäffer, 1855b: 70 NN ‡ Bohemanniaquadrimaculella  Stainton, 1859a: 439 49WPNepticulaquadrimaculella Boheman, 1853: 167Bucculatrixantispilella Meess, 1907: 129  49Scoliaulaquadrimaculella  Meyrick, 1895: 727Trifurculaquadrimaculella  Johansson, 1971: 246Bohemanniaussuriella Puplesis, 1984b: 588 EPBohemanniamanschurella Puplesis, 1984b: 587 50EPPageBreakBohemannianipponicella Hirano, 2010: 129 syn. n.50Bohemannianubila Puplesis, 1985c: 69 EPBohemanniasuiphunella Puplesis, 1984b: 588 EPAreticulata Scoble, 1983: 11 (key), 40 Areticulataleucosideae Scoble, 1983: 40 AFRGlaucolepis Braun, 1917: 161 (key), 201 Fedalmia Beirne, 1945: 207  Sinopticula Yang, 1989: 79 [81]  Glaucolepisraikhonae group Glaucolepismelanoptera  Puplesis, 1994: 219 WPTrifurculamelanoptera van Nieukerken & Puplesis, 1991Glaucolepisoishiella  comb. n.51EPTrifurculaoishiella Matsumura, 1931: 1114Sinopticulasinica Yang, 1989: 80 syn. n.51Trifurculasinica  van Nieukerken & Puplesis, 1991: 205Glaucolepissinica  Diškus & Puplesis, 2003: 404Glaucolepisraikhonae Puplesis, 1985c: 71 EPTrifurcularaikhonae  van Nieukerken, 1986a: 68Glaucolepissaccharella group (new)Glaucolepissaccharella  Braun, 1917: 201 NEANepticulasaccharella Braun, 1912: 97Trifurculasaccharella  van Nieukerken, 1986a: 68Glaucolepisheadleyella group Glaucolepisalbiflorella  Diškus & Puplesis, 2003: 406 WPTrifurculaalbiflorella Klimesch, 1978b: 274Glaucolepisalypella  Diškus & Puplesis, 2003: 406 WPTrifurculaalypella Klimesch, 1975c: 12Glaucolepisandalusica  comb. n.WPTrifurculaandalusica Z. Laštuvka & A. Laštuvka, 2007: 102Glaucolepisbleonella  Puplesis, 1994: 219 WPNepticulableonella Chrétien, 1904: 164Stigmellableonella  Gerasimov, 1952: 231Ectoedemiableonella  Klimesch, 1975a: 861Trifurculableonella  Leraut, 1980: 49Glaucolepisbupleurella  Diškus & Puplesis, 2003: 405 WPNepticulabupleurella Chrétien, 1907: 91PageBreakStigmellabupleurella  Gerasimov, 1952: 232Ectoedemiabupleurella  Klimesch, 1975a: 863Trifurculabupleurella  Leraut, 1980: 49Glaucolepischretieni  comb. n.WPTrifurculachretieni Z. Laštůvka, A. Laštůvka & van Nieukerken, 2013: 198Glaucolepiscorleyi  comb. n.WPTrifurculacorleyi Z. Laštuvka & A. Laštuvka, 2007: 102Glaucolepisglobulariae  Diškus & Puplesis, 2003: 406 WPTrifurculaglobulariae Klimesch, 1975c: 7Glaucolepishamirella  Diškus & Puplesis, 2003: 406 52WPNepticulahamirella Chrétien, 1915: 364Ectoedemiahamirella  Klimesch, 1975a: 863Trifurculahamirella  van Nieukerken, 1986a: 15Glaucolepissaturejae  Diškus & Puplesis, 2003: 406 52WPStigmellasaturejae Parenti, 1963: 101Fedalmiasaturejae  Klimesch, 1976: 45Trifurculasaturejae  van Nieukerken, 1986a: 15Glaucolepisheadleyella  Puplesis, 1994: 219 WPNepticulaheadleyella Stainton, 1854: 298Nepticulaargyrostigma Frey, 1856: 379 Nepticuladubiella Hauder, 1912: 273 Trifurcularodella Svensson, 1982: 299 Fedalmiaheadleyella  Beirne, 1945: 207Stigmellaheadleyella  Klimesch, 1948b: 76Trifurculaheadleyella  Johansson, 1971: 245Stigmelladubiella  Klimesch, 1948b: 76Glaucolepishelladica  comb. n.WPTrifurculahelladica Z. Laštuvka & A. Laštuvka, 2007: 101Glaucolepisistriae  Diškus & Puplesis, 2003: 406 WPTrifurculaistriae A. Laštuvka & Z. Laštuvka, 2000a: 290Glaucolepiskalavritana  Diškus & Puplesis, 2003: 407 WPTrifurculakalavritana : 314Glaucolepislavandulae  comb. n.WPTrifurculalavandulae Z. Laštuvka & A. Laštuvka, 2007: 104Glaucolepisliskai  Diškus & Puplesis, 2003: 407 WPTrifurculaliskai A. Laštuvka & Z. Laštuvka, 2000a: 291Glaucolepislituanica  comb. n.  Diškus & Puplesis, 2003: 407 53WPTrifurculamagna : 132Trifurculacollinella Nel, 2012: 24 syn. n.53Glaucolepismegaphallus  comb. n.WPTrifurculamegaphallus van Nieukerken, Z. Laštůvka & A. Laštůvka in Z. Glaucolepismicromeriae  Diškus & Puplesis, 2003: 405 WPStigmellamicromeriae Walsingham, 1908a: 10101Nepticulamicromeriae  Rebel, 1910: 374Trifurculamicromeriae  Klimesch, 1977: 196Glaucolepismontana  comb. n.WPTrifurculamontana Z. Laštuvka, A. Laštuvka & van Nieukerken in Z. & A. Laštuvka, 2007: 103Glaucolepispederi  comb. n.WPTrifurculapederi Z. Laštuvka & A. Laštuvka, 2007: 102Glaucolepisrosmarinella  Diškus & Puplesis, 2003: 405 WPNepticularosmarinella Chrétien, 1914: 270Stigmellarosmarinella  Gerasimov, 1952: 256Trifurcularosmarinella  Klimesch, 1975b: 23Glaucolepissalicinae  Diškus & Puplesis, 2003: 406 WPTrifurculasalicinae Klimesch, 1975c: 10Glaucolepissalvifoliae  comb. n.WPTrifurculasalvifoliae Z. Laštuvka & A. Laštuvka, 2007: 103Glaucolepissanctaecrucis  Diškus & Puplesis, 2003: 405 WPStigmellasanctaecrucis Walsingham, 1908a: 10101Nepticulasanctaecrucis  Rebel, 1910: 374Fedalmiasanctaecrucis  Klimesch, 1976: 44Trifurculasanctaecrucis  Klimesch, 1977: 196Glaucolepissanctibenedicti  Diškus & Puplesis, 2003: 406 WPTrifurculasanctibenedicti Klimesch, 1979: 24Glaucolepissiciliae  comb. n.WPTrifurculasiciliae Z. Laštůvka, A. Laštůvka & van Nieukerken, 2013: 201Glaucolepisstoechadella  Diškus & Puplesis, 2003: 406 WPTrifurculastoechadella Klimesch, 1975c: 23Glaucolepisteucriella  Diškus & Puplesis, 2003: 405 WPNepticulateucriella Chrétien, 1914: 270Stigmellateucriella  Gerasimov, 1952: 263Trifurculateucriella  Leraut, 1980: 49Glaucolepisthymi  Diškus & Puplesis, 2003: 406 WPNepticulathymi Szőcs, 1965: 89PageBreakFedalmiathymi Borkowski, 1970a: 74; JSH of Nepticulathymi Szőcs, 1965Trifurculathymi  van Nieukerken, 1986a: 15Glaucolepistrilobella  Diškus & Puplesis, 2003: 406 WPTrifurculatrilobella Klimesch, 1978b: 271Glaucolepiszollikofferiela  Diškus & Puplesis, 2003: 405 WPNepticulazollikofferiela Chrétien, 1914: 271Stigmellazollikofferiela  Gerasimov, 1952: 270Ectoedemiazollikofferiela  Klimesch, 1975a: 862Trifurculazollikofferiela  van Nieukerken, 1986a: 15Glaucolepisrusticula  Diškus & Puplesis, 2003: 406 ORNepticularusticula Meyrick, 1916b: 7Trifurcularusticula  online comb.Unassigned to group54Glaucolepisaerifica  Puplesis & Robinson, 2000: 56 NEONepticulaaerifica Meyrick, 1915a: 255Stigmellaaerifica  Davis, 1984: 18Trifurculaaerifica  online comb.Glaucolepisargentosa Puplesis & Robinson, 2000: 57 54NEOTrifurculaargentosa  online comb.Trifurcula Zeller, 1848: 249 (key), 330 : Trifurculapallidella Zeller, 1848)Trifurcella Chambers, 1878: 165 ISSLevarchama Beirne, 1945: 206  Trifurculacryptella group (new)Trifurculaanthyllidella Klimesch, 1975c: 14 WPTrifurculacryptella  Johansson, 1971: 246 WPNepticulacryptella Stainton, 1856: 41Nepticulatrifolii Sorhagen, 1885: 280 Stigmellacryptella  Fletcher & Clutterbuck, 1945: 61Levarchamacryptella  Beirne, 1945: 207Trifurculaeurema  Johansson, 1971: 246 WPNepticulaeurema Tutt, 1899: 332Nepticulaheurema Meess, 1910: 481 UENepticuladorycniella Suire, 1928: 128 Nepticulagozmanyi Szőcs, 1959: 417 Levarchamaeurema  Beirne, 1945: 207Stigmellaeurema  Klimesch, 1951b: 66Stigmellaheurema  Gerasimov, 1952: 243Stigmelladorycniella  Klimesch, 1951b: 66PageBreakTrifurculamanygoza van Nieukerken, A. Laštuvka & Z. Laštuvka in van Nieukerken, 2007b: 125 WPTrifurculaortneri  van Nieukerken, 1986a: 15 WPNepticulaortneri Klimesch, 1951b: 66Stigmellaortneri  Klimesch, 1961: 763Trifurculapeloponnesica van Nieukerken, 2007b: 118 WPTrifurcularidiculosa  Klimesch, 1975b: 15 WPStigmellaridiculosa Walsingham, 1908a: 10111Nepticularidiculosa  Rebel, 1910: 364Trifurculasubnitidella group Trifurculacoronillae van Nieukerken, 1990b: 217 WPTrifurculaiberica van Nieukerken, 1990b: 228  van Nieukerken & Johansson, 1987: 462 WPElachistasubnitidella Duponchel, 1843: 326Trifurculagriseella Wolff, 1957: 21 Lyonetiasubnitidella  Duponchel, 1844: 378Nepticulasubnitidella  Zeller, 1848: 305Trifurculavictoris van Nieukerken, 1990b: 219 WPTrifurculapallidella group Trifurculaaurella Rebel, 1933: 82 WPTrifurculaaustriaca van Nieukerken, 1990b: 213 WPTrifurculabaldensis A. Laštuvka & Z. Laštuvka, 2005a: 8 WPTrifurculabeirnei Puplesis, 1984a: 124 WPTrifurculabicolorella  comb. n.55WPBucculatrixbicolorella Chrétien, 1915: 364Trifurculacalycotomella A. Laštuvka & Z. Laštuvka, 1997: 148 WPTrifurculachamaecytisi A. Laštuvka & Z. Laštuvka, 1994: 207 WPTrifurculacorothamni A. Laštuvka & Z. Laštuvka, 1994: 202 WPTrifurculacytisanthi A. Laštuvka & Z. Laštuvka, 2005a: 8 WPTrifurculaetnensis A. Laštuvka & Z. Laštuvka, 2005a: 7 WPTrifurculagraeca Z. Laštuvka & A. Laštuvka, 1998: 315 WPTrifurculaimmundella  Zeller, 1848: 332 WPLyonetiaimmundella Zeller, 1839: 215Trifurculamacedonica Z. Laštuvka & A. Laštuvka, 1998: 315 WPTrifurculamoravica A. Laštuvka & Z. Laštuvka, 1994: 205 WPTrifurculaorientella Klimesch, 1953a: 168 WPPageBreakTrifurculapallidella  Joannis, 1915: 129 WPOecophorapallidella Duponchel, 1843: 339Trifurculapallidella Zeller, 1848: 332; JSH of Trifurculapallidella Lithocolletispallidella  Bruand, [1851]: 86Trifurculaincognitella Toll, 1936: 409 no genus] pallidulella Herrich-Schäffer, 1853: pl 108 NN‡ Muhabbetanagrandinosa group (new)Muhabbetanafurcella  comb. n.AFREctoedemiafurcella Scoble, 1983: 24Fomoriafurcella  Diškus & Puplesis, 2003: 387Muhabbetanagrandinosa  comb. n.AFRPageBreakNepticulagrandinosa Meyrick, 1911a: 236Ectoedemiagrandinosa  Scoble, 1983: 21Fomoriagrandinosa  Diškus & Puplesis, 2003: 386Muhabbetanaguerkiae  comb. n.AFREctoedemiaguerkiae Scoble, 1983: 22Fomoriaguerkiae  Diškus & Puplesis, 2003: 387Muhabbetanajupiteri  comb. n.AFREctoedemiajupiteri Scoble, 1983: 25Fomoriajupiteri  Diškus & Puplesis, 2003: 387Muhabbetanamacrochaeta  comb. n.AFRNepticulamacrochaeta Meyrick, 1921b: 140Ectoedemiamacrochaeta  Scoble, 1983: 23Fomoriamacrochaeta  Diškus & Puplesis, 2003: 387Muhabbetanamaritima  comb. n.AFREctoedemiamaritima Scoble, 1983: 24Fomoriamaritima  Diškus & Puplesis, 2003: 387Muhabbetanascabridae  comb. n.AFREctoedemiascabridae Scoble, 1983: 24Fomoriascabridae  Diškus & Puplesis, 2003: 387Muhabbetanasimiicola  comb. n.AFREctoedemiasimiicola Scoble, 1983: 22Fomoriasimiicola  Diškus & Puplesis, 2003: 387Muhabbetanastimulata  comb. n.AFRNepticulastimulata Meyrick, 1913: 326Ectoedemiastimulata  Scoble, 1983: 21Fomoriastimulata  Diškus & Puplesis, 2003: 386Muhabbetanaumdoniella  comb. n.AFREctoedemiaumdoniella Scoble, 1983: 24Fomoriaumdoniella  Diškus & Puplesis, 2003: 387Muhabbetanawilkinsoni  comb. n.AFREctoedemiawilkinsoni Scoble, 1983: 21Fomoriawilkinsoni  Diškus & Puplesis, 2003: 387Muhabbetanaeuphorbiella group (new)Muhabbetanaeuphorbiella  comb. n.WPNepticulaeuphorbiella Stainton, 1869b: 229Nepticulatergestina Klimesch, 1940a: 79 Stigmellaeuphorbiella  Gerasimov, 1952: 238Ectoedemiaeuphorbiella  van Nieukerken, 1986a: 17Fomoriaeuphorbiella  Diškus & Puplesis, 2003: 384Stigmellatergestina  Hering, 1957: 434Ectoedemiatergestina  van Nieukerken, 1986a: 17PageBreakMuhabbetanajubae  comb. n.WPStigmellajubae Walsingham, 1908a: 1011 2Nepticulajubae  Rebel, 1910: 364Trifurculajubae  Klimesch, 1977: 197Ectoedemiajubae  van Nieukerken, 1986b: 17Fomoriajubae  Diškus & Puplesis, 2003: 384Muhabbetananigrifasciata  comb. n.WPStigmellanigrifasciata Walsingham, 1908a: 1011 2Nepticulanigrifasciata  Rebel, 1910: 364Dechtirianigrifasciata  Klimesch, 1972: 1Trifurculanigrifasciata  Klimesch, 1977: 200Fomorianigrifasciata  Diškus & Puplesis, 2003: 387Ectoedemianigrifasciata  van Nieukerken, 1986b: 17Muhabbetanavincamajorella  comb. n.WPNepticulavincamajorella Hartig, 1964: 8Fomoriavincamajorella  Diškus & Puplesis, 2003: 389Ectoedemiavincamajorella  van Nieukerken, 1986a: 17Muhabbetana – unplaced speciesMuhabbetanabicarina  comb. n.AFREctoedemiabicarina Scoble, 1983: 27Fomoriabicarina  Diškus & Puplesis, 2003: 389Muhabbetanacapensis  comb. n.AFREctoedemiacapensis Scoble, 1983: 28Fomoriacapensis  Diškus & Puplesis, 2003: 389Muhabbetanacraspedota  comb. n.AFRStigmellacraspedota Vári, 1963: 73Ectoedemiacraspedota  Scoble, 1983: 27Fomoriacraspedota  Diškus & Puplesis, 2003: 388Muhabbetanacrispae  comb. n.AFREctoedemiacrispae Scoble, 1983: 31Fomoriacrispae  Diškus & Puplesis, 2003: 390Muhabbetanadenticulata  comb. n.AFREctoedemiadenticulata Scoble, 1983: 26Fomoriadenticulata  Diškus & Puplesis, 2003: 389Muhabbetanadigitata  comb. n.AFREctoedemiadigitata Scoble, 1983: 27Fomoriadigitata  Diškus & Puplesis, 2003: 389Muhabbetanagymnosporiae  comb. n.AFRStigmellagymnosporiae Vári, 1955: 334Ectoedemiagymnosporiae  Scoble, 1983: 29Fomoriagymnosporiae  Diškus & Puplesis, 2003: 388Muhabbetanainsulata  comb. n.AFRPageBreakNepticulainsulata Meyrick, 1911b: 79Ectoedemiainsulata  Scoble, 1983: 29Fomoriainsulata  Diškus & Puplesis, 2003: 388Muhabbetanakowynensis  comb. n.AFREctoedemiakowynensis Scoble, 1983: 30Fomoriakowynensis  Diškus & Puplesis, 2003: 389Muhabbetanalimburgensis  comb. n.AFREctoedemialimburgensis Scoble, 1983: 28Fomorialimburgensis  Diškus & Puplesis, 2003: 389Muhabbetananigrisquama  comb. n.AFREctoedemianigrisquama Scoble, 1983: 26Fomorianigrisquama  Diškus & Puplesis, 2003: 389Muhabbetananylstroomensis  comb. n.AFREctoedemianylstroomensis Scoble, 1983: 30Fomorianylstroomensis  Diškus & Puplesis, 2003: 389Muhabbetanapsarodes  comb. n.AFRStigmellapsarodes Vári, 1963: 70Ectoedemiapsarodes  Scoble, 1983: 29Fomoriapsarodes  Diškus & Puplesis, 2003: 388Muhabbetanarhabdophora  comb. n.AFREctoedemiarhabdophora Scoble, 1983: 31Fomoriarhabdophora  Diškus & Puplesis, 2003: 390Muhabbetanaroyenicola  comb. n.AFRStigmellaroyenicola Vári, 1955: 335Ectoedemiaroyenicola  Scoble, 1983: 25Fomoriaroyenicola  Diškus & Puplesis, 2003: 388Muhabbetanasubnitescens  comb. n.AFRTrifurculasubnitescens Meyrick, 1937: 90Ectoedemiasubnitescens  Scoble, 1983: 28Fomoriasubnitescens  Diškus & Puplesis, 2003: 387Muhabbetanaundatae  comb. n.AFREctoedemiaundatae Scoble, 1983: 27Fomoriaundatae  Diškus & Puplesis, 2003: 389Parafomoria Borkowski, 1975: 498 Parafomoria van Nieukerken, 1983b: 454 JH of Parafomoria Borkowski, 1975Parafomorialiguricella group (new)Parafomorialadaniphila  van Nieukerken, 1983b: 468 WPNepticulaladaniphila Mendes, 1910a: 102Stigmellaladaniphila  Klimesch, 1948a: 170PageBreakEctoedemialadaniphila  Gómez Bustillo, 1981: 19Parafomorialiguricella  van Nieukerken, 1983b: 466 29WPStigmellaliguricella Klimesch, 1948a: 170 29Parafomoriatingitella  van Nieukerken, 1983b: 469 WPNepticulatingitella Walsingham, 1904: 8Stigmellatingitella  Gerasimov, 1952: 264Parafomoriahelianthemella group (new)Parafomoriacistivora  van Nieukerken, 1983b: 458 WPNepticulacistivora Peyerimhoff, 1871: 414Stigmellacistivora  Suire, 1951: 71Parafomoriafumanae A. Laštuvka & Z. Laštuvka, 2005b: 15 WPParafomoriahalimivora van Nieukerken, 1985a: 24 WPParafomoriahelianthemella  Borkowski, 1975: 498  Klimesch, 1948a: 171Trifurculahelianthemella  Leraut, 1980: 49Parafomoriapseudocistivora van Nieukerken, 1983b: 460 WPEtainia Beirne, 1945: 208 Obrussa Braun, 1915: 196 JH of Obrussa Heyden, 1891 (Lepidoptera: Geometridae)  Etainiaalbibimaculella  Puplesis & Diškus, 1996a: 5 WP,NEANepticulaalbibimaculella Larsen, 1927: 5Stigmellaalbibimaculella  Hering, 1957: 112Trifurculaalbibimaculella  Johansson, 1971: 246Ectoedemiaalbibimaculella  van Nieukerken, 1986a: 16Etainiabiarmata Puplesis, 1994: 233 WPEctoedemiabiarmata  van Nieukerken & Laštůvka, 2002: 89Etainiadecentella  Beirne, 1945: 207 WPNepticuladecentella Herrich-Schäffer, 1855a: 358Nepticulamonspessulanella Jäckh, 1951: 171 Stigmelladecentella  Gerasimov, 1952: 234Trifurculadecentella  Johansson, 1971: 246Ectoedemiadecentella  van Nieukerken, 1986a: 16Stigmellamonspessulanella  Hering, 1957: 19Etainialeptognathos Puplesis & Diškus, 1996a: 44 WPEctoedemialeptognathos  van Nieukerken & Laštůvka, 2002: 89Etainialouisella  WPNepticulalouisella Sircom, 1849: XIIIPageBreakNepticulasphendamni Hering, 1937: 561 Ectoedemialouisella  van Nieukerken, 1986a: 16Stigmellasphendamni  Klimesch, 1951b: 64Trifurculasphendamni  Johansson, 1971: 246Etainiasphendamni  Etainiaobtusa Puplesis & Diškus, 1996a: 46 WPEctoedemiaobtusa  Krenek, 2000: 36Etainiasericopeza  Beirne, 1945: 207 Nepticulaacerella Goureau, 1860: xxiii Nepticulasericopeza  Heyden, 1843: 209Stigmellasericopeza  Walsingham, 1916: 160Trifurculasericopeza  Johansson, 1971: 246Obrussasericopeza  Wilkinson & Scoble, 1979: 101Ectoedemiasericopeza  van Nieukerken, 1986b: 16Lyonetiasericopezella  Duponchel, 1844: 378Stigmellasericopezaf.palliolella Le Marchand, 1944: 358‡ Etainiacapesella  Puplesis, 1994: 232 EPObrussacapesella Puplesis in Puplesis & Ivinskis, 1985: 39Ectoedemiacapesella  Hirano, 2013: 93Etainiapeterseni  Puplesis, 1994: 231 EPObrussapeterseni Puplesis in Puplesis & Ivinskis, 1985: 41Ectoedemiapeterseni  Hirano, 2013: 92Etainiasabina  Puplesis, 1994: 231 EPObrussasabina Puplesis in Puplesis & Ivinskis, 1985: 43Ectoedemiasabina  online comb.Etainiatrifasciata  Diškus & Puplesis, 2003: 408 59EPNepticulatrifasciata Matsumura, 1931: 1114Obrussatigrinella Puplesis in Puplesis & Ivinskis, 1985: 40 syn. n.59Stigmellatrifasciata  Kuroko, 1982a: 448Ectoedemiatrifasciata  Hirano, 2013: 93Ectoedemiatigrinella  Hirano, 2013: 92Etainiatigrinella  Puplesis, 1994: 232Etainiacrypsixantha  Vári & Kroon, 1986: 153 AFRNepticulacrypsixantha Meyrick, 1918a: 43Obrussacrypsixantha  Scoble, 1983: 17Ectoedemiacrypsixantha  online comb.Etainiakrugerensis  Vári & Kroon, 1986: 153 AFRObrussakrugerensis Scoble, 1983: 19Ectoedemiakrugerensis  online comb.Etainianigricapitella  Vári & Kroon, 1986: 153 AFRPageBreakNepticulanigricapitella Janse, 1948: 170Obrussanigricapitella  Scoble, 1983: 18Ectoedemianigricapitella  online comb.Etainiazimbabwiensis  Vári & Kroon, 1986: 153 AFRObrussazimbabwiensis Scoble, 1983: 18Ectoedemiazimbabwiensis  online comb.Etainiaochrefasciella  Puplesis & Diškus, 1996a: 4 NEANepticulaochrefasciella Chambers, 1873: 128Obrussaochrefasciella  Braun, 1915: 196Ectoedemiaochrefasciella  van Nieukerken, 1986a: 19Acalyptris Meyrick, 1921a: 410 Microcalyptris Braun, 1925b: 224  Weberia Müller-Rutz, 1934a: 122 JH of Weberia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 (Diptera: Tachinidae)  Niepeltia Strand, 1934: 241; RN for Weberia Müller-Rutz, 1934 Weberina Müller-Rutz, 1934b: Errata, 148; RN for Weberia Müller-Rutz, 1934 Acalyptrisscirpi group (new)Acalyptrisbicornutus  Puplesis & Robinson, 2000: 53 NEAMicrocalyptrisbicornutus Davis, 1978: 212Acalyptrisbipinnatellus  van Nieukerken, 1986a: 16 NEAMicrocalyptrisbipinnatellus Wilkinson, 1979: 75Acalyptrislotella  Diškus & Puplesis, 2003: 397 NEAMicrocalyptrislotella Wagner, 1987: 278Acalyptrispunctulata  Diškus & Puplesis, 2003: 393 NEANepticulapunctulata Braun, 1910: 174Microcalyptrispunctulata  Wilkinson, 1979: 71Acalyptrisscirpi  Diškus & Puplesis, 2003: 393 NEAMicrocalyptrisscirpi Braun, 1925b: 225Acalyptristhoracealbella  Diškus & Puplesis, 2003: 393 NEAMicrocalyptristhoracealbella  Davis, 1978: 214Nepticulathoracealbella Chambers, 1873: 127Nepticulabadiocapitella Chambers, 1876: 160 Acalyptristenuijuxtus  Puplesis & Robinson, 2000: 51 NEA,NEOMicrocalyptristenuijuxtus Davis, 1978: 216Acalyptrisbasicornis Remeikis & Stonis in NEOAcalyptrisbasihastatus Puplesis & Diškus in Puplesis et al., 2002: 29 NEOAcalyptrisbifidus Puplesis & Robinson, 2000: 50 NEOPageBreakAcalyptrisbovicorneus Puplesis & Robinson, 2000: 45 NEOAcalyptriscaribbicus Diškus & Stonis in NEOAcalyptrisdominicanus Remeikis & Stonis in Stonis & Remeikis, 2015: 85 NEOAcalyptrisfortis Puplesis & Robinson, 2000: 47 NEOAcalyptrishispidus Puplesis & Robinson, 2000: 48 NEOAcalyptrisjanzeni van Nieukerken & Nishida in NEOAcalyptrislascuevella Puplesis & Robinson, 2000: 49 NEOAcalyptrislaxibasis Puplesis & Robinson, 2000: 52 NEOAcalyptrismartinheringi Puplesis & Robinson, 2000: 46 NEOAcalyptrisnigrisignum Remeikis & Stonis in Stonis & Remeikis, 2015: 79 NEOAcalyptrisnovenarius Puplesis & Robinson, 2000: 48 NEOAcalyptrisparadividua Šimkevičiūtė & Stonis in NEOAcalyptrispeteni Diškus & Stonis in NEOAcalyptrispseudohastatus Puplesis & Diškus in Puplesis et al., 2002: 30 NEOAcalyptrisstatuarius Diškus & Stonis in NEOAcalyptristerrificus Šimkevičiūtė & Stonis in NEOAcalyptristrifidus Puplesis & Robinson, 2000: 50 NEOAcalyptristrigonijuxtus Remeikis & Stonis in Stonis & Remeikis, 2015: 83 NEOAcalyptrisunicornis Puplesis & Robinson, 2000: 51 NEOAcalyptrisstaticis group Acalyptrislesbia van Nieukerken & Hull in van Nieukerken, 2007a: 22 WPAcalyptrislimoniastri van Nieukerken, 2007a: 23 WPAcalyptrislimonii Z. Laštuvka & A. Laštuvka, 1998: 314 WPAcalyptrismaritima A. Laštuvka & Z. Laštuvka, 1997: 119 WPAcalyptrispyrenaica A. Laštuvka & Z. Laštuvka, 1993: 158 WPAcalyptrisstaticis  van Nieukerken, 1986b: 14 WPStigmellastaticis Walsingham, 1908a: 1009 1Nepticulastaticis  Rebel, 1910: 373Acalyptrispsammophricta group (new)Acalyptrisrepeteki group Acalyptrisfalkovitshi  van Nieukerken, 1986a: 14 60WP,EPMicrocalyptrisfalkovitshi Puplesis, 1984c: 499Microcalyptristuranicus Puplesis, 1984c: 497 Microcalyptrisvittatus Puplesis, 1984c: 491 syn. n.60Microcalyptrisarenosus Falkovitsh, 1986: 168 syn. n.60Acalyptristuranicus  van Nieukerken, 1986a: 14Acalyptrisvittatus  van Nieukerken, 1986a: 14Acalyptrisarenosus  Puplesis, 1990: 66Acalyptrisgalinae  van Nieukerken, 1986a: 14 WP,EPPageBreakMicrocalyptrisgalinae Puplesis, 1984c: 502Microcalyptrisgalinaemesasiaticus Puplesis, 1984c: 503Acalyptrisgalinaemesasiaticus  Puplesis, 1990: 84Acalyptrispallens  van Nieukerken, 1986a: 14 WP,EPMicrocalyptrispallens Puplesis, 1984c: 501Acalyptrispsammophricta Meyrick, 1921a: 410 WP,EP,ORMicrocalyptrislvovskyi Puplesis, 1984c: 494 Acalyptrislvovskyi  van Nieukerken, 1986a: 14Acalyptrisrepeteki  van Nieukerken, 1986a: 14 WPMicrocalyptrisrepeteki Puplesis, 1984c: 494Acalyptristurcomanicus  van Nieukerken, 1986a: 14 WPMicrocalyptristurcomanicus Puplesis, 1984c: 499Acalyptrisshafirkanus group Acalyptrisbrevis Puplesis, 1990: 86 WPAcalyptrisdesertellus  van Nieukerken, 1986a: 14 WPMicrocalyptrisdesertellus Puplesis, 1984c: 493Acalyptrisegidijui Puplesis, 1990: 87 WPAcalyptriskizilkumi  Puplesis, 1990: 86 WP,EPMicrocalyptriskizilkumi Falkovitsh, 1986: 167Acalyptrispiculus Puplesis, 1990: 85 EPAcalyptrisshafirkanus  van Nieukerken, 1986a: 14 WPMicrocalyptrisshafirkanus Puplesis, 1984c: 493Acalyptrisvannieukerkeni Puplesis, 1994: 218 WPAcalyptrisplatani group Acalyptrisgielisi van Nieukerken, 2010: 500 WPAcalyptrisloranthella  van Nieukerken, 1986a: 14 WPNepticulaloranthella Klimesch, 1937: 33Stigmellaloranthella  Klimesch, 1948b: 78Weberinaloranthella  Szőcs, 1978: 268Niepeltialoranthella  van Achterberg, 1983: 30Acalyptrisminimella  van Nieukerken, 1986a: 14 WPTrifurculaminimella Rebel, 1926: (110)Weberinalentiscella Groschke, 1944: 117 Nepticulaminimella ; Klimesch, 1953a: 162 JSH of Nepticulaminimella Chambers, 1873Niepeltialentiscella  Hering, 1957: 781Niepeltiaminimella  Scoble, 1980a: 207Acalyptrispistaciae van Nieukerken, 2007a: 14 WPAcalyptrisplatani  van Nieukerken, 1986a: 14  Strand, 1934: 241Weberinaplatani  Müller-Rutz, 1934b: slipTrifurculaplatani  Klimesch, 1978a: 253Acalyptrisacontarcha  Diškus & Puplesis, 2003: 393 ORNepticulaacontarcha Meyrick, 1926: 295Stigmellaacontarcha  Fletcher, 1933: 82Acalyptrisauratilis Puplesis & Diškus, 2003a: 219 ORAcalyptrisclinomochla  Diškus & Puplesis, 2003: 394 ORNepticulaclinomochla Meyrick, 1934a: 468Trifurculaclinomochla  Gustafsson, 1976: 49Niepeltiaclinomochla  Scoble, 1980a: 216Acalyptrisheteranthes  Diškus & Puplesis, 2003: 393 ORNepticulaheteranthes Meyrick, 1926: 296Acalyptrismelanospila  Puplesis & Diškus, 2003a: 218 ORNepticulamelanospila Meyrick, 1934a: 468Acalyptrisnigripexus Puplesis & Diškus, 2003: 220 ORAcalyptrisacumenta  AFRNiepeltiaacumenta Scoble, 1980b: 213Acalyptrisbispinata  AFRNiepeltiabispinata Scoble, 1980b: 213Acalyptriscombretella  AFRStigmellacombretella Vári, 1955: 332Niepeltiacombretella  Scoble, 1980a: 206Acalyptrisfagarivora  AFRStigmellafagarivora Vári, 1955: 334Niepeltiafagarivora  Scoble, 1980a: 209Acalyptrisfulva  AFRNiepeltiafulva Scoble, 1980b: 214Acalyptrisfuscofascia  AFRNiepeltiafuscofascia Scoble, 1980b: 210Acalyptriskrooni  AFRNiepeltiakrooni Scoble, 1980b: 212Acalyptriskrugeri  Diškus & Puplesis, 2003: 394 AFRStigmellakrugeri Vári, 1963: 71Acalyptrislanneivora  AFRStigmellalanneivora Vári, 1955: 332Niepeltialanneivora  Scoble, 1980a: 215Acalyptrislorantivora  AFRNepticulalorantivora Janse, 1948: 169Niepeltialorantivora  Scoble, 1980a: 211Acalyptrislundiensis  AFRNiepeltialundiensis Scoble, 1980b: 214Acalyptrismariepsensis  AFRPageBreakNiepeltiamariepsensis Scoble, 1980b: 214Acalyptrismolleivora  AFRNiepeltiamolleivora Scoble, 1980b: 207Acalyptrisobliquella  AFRNiepeltiaobliquella Scoble, 1980b: 209Acalyptrispundaensis  AFRNiepeltiapundaensis Scoble, 1980b: 211Acalyptrisrubiaevora  AFRNiepeltiarubiaevora Scoble, 1980b: 208Acalyptrissellata  AFRNiepeltiasellata Scoble, 1980b: 213Acalyptrisumdoniensis  AFRNiepeltiaumdoniensis Scoble, 1980b: 210Acalyptrisvacuolata  AFRNiepeltiavacuolata Scoble, 1980b: 215Acalyptrisvepricola  AFRStigmellavepricola Vári, 1963: 68Niepeltiavepricola  Scoble, 1983: 44Acalyptrisvumbaensis  AFRNiepeltiavumbaensis Scoble, 1980b: 207Acalyptriszeyheriae  AFRNiepeltiazeyheriae Scoble, 1980b: 208Acalyptrislatipennata group Acalyptrisdividua Puplesis & Robinson, 2000: 54 NEOAcalyptrisecuadoriana Puplesis & Diškus in Puplesis et al., 2002: 27 NEOAcalyptrislatipennata  Puplesis et al., 2002: 66 NEOFomorialatipennata Puplesis & Robinson, 2000: 45Acalyptrisonorei Puplesis & Diškus in Puplesis et al., 2002: 28 NEOAcalyptrisunplaced 61Acalyptrisdistaleus  Diškus & Puplesis, 2003: 395 61NEAMicrocalyptrisdistaleus Wilkinson, 1979: 78Acalyptrispostalatratus  Diškus & Puplesis, 2003: 395 NEAMicrocalyptrispostalatratus Wilkinson, 1979: 77Acalyptrisamazonius Puplesis & Diškus in Puplesis et al., 2002: 32 NEOAcalyptrisarticulosus Puplesis & Diškus in Puplesis et al., 2002: 30 NEOAcalyptrisinsolentis Puplesis & Diškus in Puplesis et al., 2002: 33 NEOAcalyptrisplatygnathos Puplesis & Robinson, 2000: 54 NEOAcalyptrisrotundus Puplesis & Diškus in Puplesis et al., 2002: 31 NEOAcalyptrisyucatani Remeikis & Stonis in NEOZimmermannia Hering, 1940: 266  62PageBreakEctoedemiacastaneae group Zimmermanniaamani  comb. n.WP,EPEctoedemiaamani Svensson, 1966: 200Ectoedemiaemendata Puplesis, 1985c: 69 Trifurculaamani  Johansson, 1971: 245Zimmermanniaatrifrontella  comb. n. Ectoedemiaatrifrontella  Klimesch, 1953b: 191Ectoedemiaheringiella  Klimesch, 1953b: 191Zimmermanniahispanica  comb. n.WPEctoedemiahispanica van Nieukerken, 1985b: 22Zimmermannialiebwerdella  Hering, 1940: 266 WPEctoedemialiebwerdella Zimmermann, 1940: 264Zimmermannialiguricella  comb. n.WPEctoedemialiguricella Klimesch, 1953b: 194Zimmermannialongicaudella  comb. n.WPEctoedemialongicaudella Klimesch, 1953b: 193Stigmellapeiuii Nemeş, 1972: 153 Trifurculalongicaudella  Johansson, 1971: 245Zimmermanniamonemvasiae  comb. n.WPEctoedemiamonemvasiae van Nieukerken, 1985b: 23Zimmermanniareichli  comb. n.WPEctoedemiareichli Z. Laštuvka & A. Laštuvka, 1998: 316Zimmermanniavivesi  comb. n.WPEctoedemiavivesi A. Laštuvka, Z. Laštuvka & van Nieukerken in Zimmermanniaadmiranda  comb. n.EPEctoedemiaadmiranda Puplesis, 1984b: 588Zimmermannianuristanica  comb. n.EPEctoedemianuristanica van Nieukerken, 1985b: 25Zimmermanniasivickisi  comb. n.EPEctoedemiasivickisi Puplesis, 1984b: 590Ectoedemialaura Puplesis, 1985c: 68 Zimmermanniabosquella  stat rev., comb. n.62NEANepticulabosquella Chambers, 1878a: 106Nepticulabosqueella Chambers, 1878b: 157 ISSEctoedemiacastaneae Busck, 1913: 103 syn. n.62Ectoedemiaheinrichi Busck, 1914: 149 syn. n.62Ectoedemiahelenella Wilkinson, 1981: 105 syn. n.62Ectoedemiabosquella  Braun, 1917: 200Opostegabosqueella  PageBreakEctoedemiaobrutella sensu Wilkinson & Newton, 1981: 72 [misapplied]Zimmermanniagrandisella  comb. n.62NEANepticulagrandisella Chambers, 1880a: 193Ectoedemiachloranthis Meyrick, 1928b: 462 syn. n.62Ectoedemiaacanthella Wilkinson & Newton, 1981: 75 syn. n.62Ectoedemiagrandisella  Wilkinson, 1981: 96Zimmermanniamesoloba  comb. n.62NEAEctoedemiamesoloba Davis, 1978: 209Ectoedemiacoruscella Wilkinson, 1981: 99 syn. n.62Zimmermanniaobrutella  comb. n.62NEATrifurculaobrutella Zeller, 1873: 316Ectoedemiapiperella Wilkinson & Newton, 1981: 77 syn. n.62Ectoedemiareneella Wilkinson, 1981: 104 syn. n.62Ectoedemiaobrutella  Busck, 1913: 103Zimmermanniaphleophaga  comb. n.NEAEctoedemiaphleophaga Busck, 1914: 3Ectoedemia Busck, 1907: 97 Dechtiria Beirne, 1945: 204  Ectoedemiacommiphorella group Ectoedemiacommiphorella Scoble, 1978a: 82 AFREctoedemiaexpeditionis Mey, 2004: 30 AFREctoedemiamauni Scoble, 1979: 36 AFREctoedemianigrimacula  Scoble, 1978a: 84 AFRNepticulanigrimacula Janse, 1948: 171Ectoedemiatersiusi Mey, 2004: 31 AFREctoedemiaterebinthivora group Ectoedemiaterebinthivora  van Nieukerken, 1985b: 63 WPTrifurculaterebinthivora Klimesch, 1975c: 19Ectoedemiapopulella group Ectoedemiaintimella  WPNepticulaintimella Zeller, 1848: 323Stigmellaintimella  Fletcher & Clutterbuck, 1945: 61Dechtiriaintimella  Beirne, 1945: 205Trifurculaintimella  Johansson, 1971: 245Ectoedemiainsularis Puplesis, 1985c: 68 63EPEctoedemiasinevi Puplesis, 1985c: 67 64EPEctoedemiapopulella Busck, 1907: 98 NEAEctoedemiahannoverella  Borkowski, 1972a: Fig. WP,EPGlitz, 182 BorkowsPageBreakNepticulahannoverella Glitz, 1872: 25Stigmellahannoverella  Klimesch, 1951b: 64Trifurculahannoverella  Johansson, 1971: 245Ectoedemiacanutus Wilkinson & Scoble, 1979: 81 NEAEctoedemiaturbidella  65WPNepticulaargyropezavar.turbidella Zeller, 1848: 321argyropeza Herrich-Schäffer, 1853: pl106 NN‡ [no genus] Nepticulaargyropezella Herrich-Schäffer, 1855a: 357 UENepticulapopuli-albae Hering, 1935: 7 Stigmellamarionella Ford, 1950: 39  Vári, 1950: 182Stigmellaturbidella  Klimesch, 1951b: 64Trifurculaturbidella  Johansson, 1971: 245Stigmellapopulialbae  Gerasimov, 1952: 252Ectoedemiapopulialbae  Borkowski, 1975: 495Ectoedemiaalbida Puplesis, 1994: 179 WPEctoedemiaklimeschi  Borkowski, 1975: 495 Stigmellaklimeschi  Gerasimov, 1952: 244Ectoedemiaargyropeza  WP,EP,[NEA]Lyonetiaargyropeza Zeller, 1839: 215Lyonetiaargyropezella Duponchel, 1844: 378 UENepticulaapicella Stainton, 1854: 300  6Nepticulaargyropezella Doubleday, 1859: 36 UENepticulaturbulentella Wocke, 1861: 129 URNNepticulasimplicella Heinemann, 1862b: 319 Ectoedemiaargyropezadownesi Wilkinson & Scoble, 1979: 80Nepticulaargyropeza  Zeller, 1848: 320Stigmellaargyropeza  Fletcher & Clutterbuck, 1945: 61Dechtiriaargyropeza  Emmet, 1971a: 243Trifurculaargyropeza  Johansson, 1971: 245Nepticulaargyropezaab.houzeaui Dufrane, 1942: 11‡ Nepticulaargyropezaab.morosella Steudel in Steudel & Hoffmann, 1882: 244‡ Ectoedemiasubbimaculella group - satellite taxa Ectoedemiapreisseckeri group Ectoedemiaarisi Puplesis, 1984a: 120 EPEctoedemiascoblei Puplesis, 1984a: 122 EPEctoedemiachristopheri Puplesis, 1985c: 69; RN for Ectoedemiawilkinsoni Puplesis, 1984a EPPageBreakEctoedemiawilkinsoni Puplesis, 1984a: 122; JPH of Ectoedemiawilkinsoni Scoble, 1983Ectoedemiatrinotata  Wilkinson & Newton, 1981: 46 NEANepticulatrinotata Braun, 1914: 18Ectoedemiaphilipi Puplesis, 1984b: 590 EPEctoedemiapreisseckeri  Borkowski, 1975: 493 WP,EPNepticulapreisseckeri Klimesch, 1941: 162Stigmellapreisseckeri  Hering, 1957: 1092Ectoedemiaquadrinotata  Wilkinson & Scoble, 1979: 95 NEANepticulaquadrinotata Braun, 1917: 168Ectoedemiasubbimaculella group Ectoedemiagilvipennella  van Nieukerken, 1985b: 45 29WPStigmellagilvipennella Klimesch, 1948a: 168 29Nepticulagilvipennella  Szőcs, 1968: 228Ectoedemiaquinquella  WPMicrosetiaquinquella Bedell, 1848: 1986Nepticulaquinquella  Stainton, 1849: 29Dechtiriaquinquella  Beirne, 1945: 206Stigmellaquinquella  Gerasimov, 1952: 255Trifurculaquinquella  Johansson, 1971: 245Ectoedemiacoscoja van Nieukerken, A. Laštuvka & Z. Laštuvka, 2010: 45 WPEctoedemiaalgeriensis van Nieukerken, 1985b: 44 WPEctoedemialeucothorax van Nieukerken, 1985b: 46 WPEctoedemiaharaldi  Klimesch, 1975a: 864 WPNepticulaharaldi Soffner, 1942: 56Stigmellaprinophyllella Le Marchand, 1946: 285 Stigmellaharaldi  Hering, 1957: 867Trifurculaharaldi  Leraut, 1980: 49Ectoedemiapseudoilicis Z. Laštuvka & A. Laštuvka, 1998: 317 WPEctoedemiailicis  van Nieukerken, 1985b: 48 WPNepticulailicis Mendes, 1910b: 164Stigmellailicis  Gerasimov, 1952: 243Ectoedemiaheringella  van Nieukerken, 1985b: 49 WPNepticulaheringella Mariani, 1939: 5Stigmellaheringella  Hering, 1957: 868Nepticulaheringellaf.alliatae Mariani, 1939: 7‡ Ectoedemiaalnifoliae van Nieukerken, 1985b: 50 WPEctoedemiaaligera Puplesis, 1985c: 67 EPEctoedemiaermolaevi Puplesis, 1985c: 68 EPEctoedemiacerviparadisicola Sato in EPEctoedemiamaculata Puplesis, 1987: 11 EPEctoedemiarufifrontella  van Nieukerken, 1987a: 142 WPPageBreakTrifurcularufifrontella Caradja, 1920: 161Nepticulanigrosparsella Klimesch, 1940b: 91 Stigmellanigrosparsella  Klimesch, 1948a: 170Ectoedemianigrosparsella  Kasy, 1983: 5Ectoedemiaalbifasciella complex  (next 4 species)Ectoedemiapubescivora  van Nieukerken, 1985b: 55 WPNepticulapubescivora Weber, 1937: 212Stigmellapubescivora  Klimesch, 1948b: 73Trifurculapubescivora  Kasy, 1979: 4Ectoedemiaalbifasciella  WPNepticulaalbifasciella Heinemann, 1871: 222Nepticulasubapicella Stainton, 1886: 238 Dechtiriaalbifasciella  Beirne, 1945: 205Stigmellaalbifasciella  Klimesch, 1951b: 66Trifurculaalbifasciella  Johansson, 1971: 245Ectoedemiacontorta van Nieukerken, 1985b: 55 WPEctoedemiacerris  Szőcs, 1978: 266 WPNepticulacerris Zimmermann, 1944: 121Nepticulamontissancti Skala, 1948: 121 Stigmellacerris  Hering, 1957: 866Ectoedemiasubbimaculella complex  (next 4 species)Ectoedemiasubbimaculella  WPTineasubbimaculella Haworth, 1828: 583Microsetianigrociliella Stephens, 1829: 208 NN ‡ Microsetianigrociliella Stephens, 1834: 267 Nepticulacursoriella Heyden, 1843: 209 NN ‡ Nepticulacursoriella Zeller, 1848: 326 Nepticulabistrimaculella Heyden, 1861: 40 Microsetiasubbimaculella  Stephens, 1829: 208Nepticulasubbimaculella  Stainton, 1849: 29Stigmellasubbimaculella  Fletcher & Clutterbuck, 1945: 61Dechtiriasubbimaculella  Beirne, 1945: 206Trifurculasubbimaculella  Johansson, 1971: 245Stigmellabistrimaculella  Gerasimov, 1952: 231Ectoedemiaphyllotomella  van Nieukerken, 1985b: 62 29WPStigmellaphyllotomella Klimesch, 1948a: 166 29Ectoedemiaheringi  Borkowski, 1975: 491 WPNepticulaheringi Toll, 1934a: 3Nepticulaquercifoliae Toll, 1934b: 71 Nepticulasativella Klimesch, 1936: 208 Nepticulazimmermanni Hering, 1942: 26 Stigmellaheringi  Hering, 1957: 867PageBreakTrifurculaheringi  Kasy, 1979: 4Stigmellasativella  Klimesch, 1948b: 74Stigmellaquercifoliae  Hering, 1957: 867Ectoedemiaquercifoliae  Stigmellazimmermanni  Klimesch, 1951a: 65Trifurculazimmermanni  Kasy, 1979: 4Ectoedemiazimmermanni  Szőcs, 1981: 210Ectoedemialiechtensteini  Szőcs, 1978: 266 WPNepticulaliechtensteini Zimmermann, 1944: 119Stigmellaliechtensteini  Hering, 1957: 866Ectoedemiaplatanella group Ectoedemiasimilella  Wilkinson & Newton, 1981: 56 NEANepticulasimilella Braun, 1917: 188Ectoedemiaplatanella  Wilkinson & Scoble, 1979: 89 NEANepticulaplatanella Clemens, 1861: 83Nepticulamaximella Chambers, 1873: 126 Ectoedemiaclemensella  Wilkinson & Scoble, 1979: 86 NEANepticulaclemensella Chambers, 1873: 125Ectoedemiavirgulae  Wilkinson & Newton, 1981: 59 NEANepticulavirgulae Braun, 1927: 198Ectoedemiaornatella group Ectoedemiaivinskisi Puplesis, 1984a: 120 EPEctoedemiaolvina Puplesis, 1984a: 119 EPEctoedemiaornatella Puplesis, 1984a: 120 EPEctoedemiasuberis group Ectoedemiachasanella Puplesis, 1984a: 124 EPEctoedemiaaegilopidella  van Nieukerken, 1985b: 42 WPTrifurculaaegilopidella Klimesch, 1978b: 269Ectoedemiacaradjai  Szőcs, 1981: 211 WPNepticulacaradjai Groschke, 1944: 118Stigmellacaradjai  Klimesch, 1951b: 65Trifurculacaradjai  Klimesch, 1978a: 250Ectoedemiaandalusiae van Nieukerken, 1985b: 41 WPEctoedemiasuberis  van Nieukerken, 1985b: 40 WPNepticulasuberis Stainton, 1869b: 229Nepticulaviridella Mendes, 1910b: 165 Stigmellasuberis  Gerasimov, 1952: 262Stigmellaviridella  Gerasimov, 1952: 260Ectoedemiaphaeolepis van Nieukerken, A. Laštuvka & Z. Laštuvka, 2010: 38 WPPageBreakEctoedemiahendrikseni A. Laštuvka, Z. Laštuvka & van Nieukerken in WPEctoedemiaheckfordi van Nieukerken, A. Laštuvka & Z. Laštuvka, 2010: 34 WPEctoedemiaortiva Rocienė & Stonis, 2013: 76 EPEctoedemiaparaortiva Rocienė & Stonis in Stonis & Rocienė, 2013: 210 EPEctoedemiaangulifasciella group Ectoedemiaoccultella group Ectoedemiahexapetalae  van Nieukerken, 1985b: 68 WPNepticulautensisvar.hexapetalae Szőcs, 1957: 322Nepticulahexapetalae Szőcs, 1957 Trifurculahexapetalae  Kasy, 1980: 47Ectoedemiarosae van Nieukerken & Berggren, 2011: 182 WPEctoedemiarosiphila Puplesis in EPEctoedemiamarmaropa  Wilkinson & Newton, 1981: 49 NEANepticulamarmaropa Braun, 1925b: 225Ectoedemiaspiraeae Gregor & Povolny, 1983: 174 66WP,EP?Stigmellaspireae Gregor & Povolny, 1955: 124 NNLM‡ Nepticulaspireae  Szőcs, 1968: 229 NNLM‡ Ectoedemiajacutica Puplesis, 1988: 26 66EPEctoedemiaagrimoniae  WPNepticulaagrimoniae Frey, 1858c: 44Nepticulaagrimoniae Hofmann, 1858: 188Nepticulaagrimoniella Herrich-Schäffer, 1860: 60 UEDechtiriaagrimoniae  Beirne, 1945: 205Stigmellaagrimoniae  Gerasimov, 1952: 224Trifurculaagrimoniae  Johansson, 1971: 245Stigmellaagrimoniella  Le Marchand, 1946a: 217Nepticulaagrimomella Rössler, 1881: 337 ISS‡ Ectoedemianyssaefoliella  Wilkinson & Newton, 1981: 67 NEANepticulanyssaefoliella Chambers, 1880b: 66Ectoedemiapilosae Puplesis, 1984a: 123 EPEctoedemiapicturata Puplesis, 1985c: 65 EPEctoedemiaminimella  van Nieukerken, 1985b: 80 67WP,EP,NEAElachistaminimella Zetterstedt, 1839: 1011Nepticulawoolhopiella Stainton, 1887: 262 Nepticulacanadensis Braun, 1917: 185 syn. n.67Nepticulaviridicola Weber, 1938: 211 Nepticulavividicola Weber, 1938: 211 IOSStigmellawoolhopiella  Fletcher & Clutterbuck, 1945: 60Dechtiriawoolhopiella  Beirne, 1945: 205Trifurculawoolhopiella  Johansson, 1971: 245PageBreakEctoedemiawoolhopiella  Borkowski, 1975: 493Ectoedemiamediofasciella auct. [misapplied] Trifurculamediofasciella auct. [misapplied] Karsholt & Nielsen, 1976: 18Stigmellaviridicola  Klimesch, 1948b: 70Stigmellacanadensis  Davis & Wilkinson, 1983: 3Ectoedemiacanadensis  Wilkinson, 1981: 94Ectoedemiaoccultella  Robinson & Nielsen, 1983: 221 68WP,EP,NEAPhalaenaoccultella Linnaeus, 1767: 899Tineastrigilella Thunberg, 1794: 87 Tineamucidella Hübner, 1817: pl. 65: Fig. 435 Tineamediofasciella Haworth, 1828: 584 Lyonetiaargentipedella Zeller, 1839: 215 Nepticulaflexuosella Fologne, 1859: 140 Nepticulalindquisti Freeman, 1962: 899  68Elachistamucidella  Treitschke, 1833: 179Lyonetiamucidella  Duponchel, 1844: 378Nepticulaargentipedella  Heyden, 1843: 209Stigmellaargentipedella  Fletcher & Clutterbuck, 1945: 60Dechtiriaargentipedella  Beirne, 1945: 205Ectoedemiaargentipedella  Trifurculaargentipedella  Johansson, 1971: 245Ectoedemialindquisti  Wilkinson & Scoble, 1979: 83Microsetiamediofasciella  Stephens, 1829: 208Ectoedemiaangulifasciella  WPNepticulaangulifasciella Stainton, 1849: 29Nepticulaschleichiella Frey, 1870: 286 Nepticulabrunniella Sauber, 1904: 55 Nepticulautensis Weber, 1937: 669 Nepticulaminorella Zimmermann, 1944: 118 Stigmellaangulifasciella  Vári, 1944b: xxvDechtiriaangulifasciella  Beirne, 1945: 205Trifurculaangulifasciella  Johansson, 1971: 245Stigmellaschleichiella  Gerasimov, 1952: 259Stigmellautensis  Klimesch, 1948b: 72Stigmellaminorella  Klimesch, 1961: 739Ectoedemiarubivora complex  WP,EPNepticulaarcuatella Herrich-Schäffer, 1855a: 354Nepticulaarcuosella Doubleday, 1859: 36 UEStigmellaarcuatella  Fletcher & Clutterbuck, 1945: 60Dechtiriaarcuatella  Beirne, 1945: 206Trifurculaarcuatella  Johansson, 1971: 245PageBreakEctoedemiaatricollis  WP,EPNepticulaatricollis Stainton, 1857a: 112Nepticulaatricolella Doubleday, 1859: 36 UENepticulaaterrima Wocke, 1865: 270 Nepticulastaphyleae Zimmermann, 1944: 117 Stigmellaatricollis  Vári, 1944b: xxvDechtiriaatricollis  Vári, 1951: 197Trifurculaatricollis  Johansson, 1971: 245Stigmellaaterrima  Gerasimov, 1952: 228Stigmellastaphyleae  Hering, 1957: 1027Ectoedemiastaphyleae  Borkowski, 1975: 493Nepticulamalivora Toll, 1934b: 70 NNLM ‡ Nepticulaatricollisvar.aterrimoides Skala, 1940: 143 NNLM ‡ Nepticulaatricollisvar.prunivora Skala, 1941b: 77 NNLM‡ Ectoedemiarubivora  WPNepticularubivora Wocke, 1860: 132Stigmellarubivora  Fletcher & Clutterbuck, 1945: 60Dechtiriarubivora  Beirne, 1945: 205Trifurcularubivora  Johansson, 1971: 245Ectoedemiaspinosella  WPNepticulaspinosella Joannis, 1908: 328Ectoedemiaalbiformae Puplesis & Diškus, 2003a: 186  Klimesch, 1951b: 62Dechtiriaspinosella  Emmet, 1971b: 244Trifurculaspinosella  Johansson, 1971: 245Ectoedemiamahalebella  Szőcs, 1978: 266 WPNepticulamahalebella Klimesch, 1936: 207Stigmellamahalebella  Lhomme, 1945: 155Ectoedemiaerythrogenella  Emmet, 1974a: 129 WPNepticulaerythrogenella Joannis, 1908: 327Stigmellaerythrogenella  Gerasimov, 1952: 238Trifurculaerythrogenella  Leraut, 1980: 49Stigmellaerythrogenellaab.juncta Dufrane, 1949: 9‡ Ectoedemiarubifoliella  Wilkinson & Scoble, 1979: 90 NEANepticularubifoliella Clemens, 1860: 214Ectoedemiaulmella  Wilkinson & Scoble, 1979: 91 69NEANepticulaulmella Braun, 1912: 87Ectoedemiaandrella Wilkinson, 1981: 102 syn. n.69Ectoedemiaingloria Puplesis, 1988: 280 EPEctoedemiainsignata Puplesis, 1988: 281 EPPageBreakEctoedemiapetrosa Puplesis, 1988: 282 EPEctoedemiatadshikiella Puplesis, 1988: 25 WP,EPEctoedemia - unplaced speciesEctoedemiafuscivittata Puplesis & Robinson, 2000: 42 NEOStigmellites Kernbach, 1967: 104 Ophiheliconoma Krassilov, 2008: 100  (syn: 08) syn: : 309Stigmellitesalmeidae  NEO†Nepticulaalmeidae Martins-Neto, 1989: 381Stigmellaalmeidae  Stigmellitesbaltica Kozlov, 1988: 30 WP†Stigmellitescarpiniorientalis Straus, 1977: 60 WP†Stigmellitescentennis Jarzembowski, 1989: 448 WP†Stigmellitesfossilis  Kozlov, 1988: 31 WP†Nepticulafossilis Heyden, 1862: 77Stigmellitesgossi Jarzembowski, 1989: 448 WP†Stigmellitesheringi Kernbach, 1967: 104 WP†Stigmelliteskzyldzharica Kozlov, 1988: 32 EP†Stigmellitesmesselensis Straus, 1976: 445 WP†Stigmellitespliotityrella Kernbach, 1967: 105 WP†Stigmellitesresupinata  WP†Ophiheliconomaresupinata Krassilov, 2008: 100Stigmellitessamsonovi Kozlov, 1988: 33 EP†Stigmellitesserpentina Kozlov, 1988: 32 EP†Stigmellitessharovi Kozlov, 1988: 33 EP†Stigmellitestyshchenkoi Kozlov, 1988: 33 EP†Stigmelliteszelkovae Straus, 1977: 61 WP†Nomina dubia et oblitaNepticulaalpinella Herrich-Schäffer, 1863b: 170 70NOWPNepticulaalticolella Herrich-Schäffer, 1863c: 182 70NOWPNepticulareuttiella Herrich-Schäffer, 1863c: 182 70NOWPNepticulaoritis Meyrick, 1910: 229 71NDORNepticulaxuthomitra Meyrick, 1921b: 140 72NDAFRNepticulaanguinella Clemens, 1861: 85 73NDNEAEctoedemiaanguinella  Wilkinson, 1981: 98 NDNepticulaplatea Clemens, 1861: 85 73NDNEAEctoedemiaplatea  Wilkinson, 1981: 98 NDunplaced unavailable names74Nepticulabrunensis Skala, 1939g: 144 NNLMWP‡ Nepticulabuhri Skala, 1938: 43 NNLMWP‡ PageBreakNepticulasorbifoliella Skala, 1939g: 144 NNLMWP‡ Nepticulatentationis Hoffmann, 1893: 215 NNWP‡ Nepticulaulmi Skala, 1934a: 51 NNLMWP‡ Stigmellaacernella Dovnar-Zapolski & Tomilova, 1978: 27 NNLMEP‡ Stigmellaamygdaliella Dovnar-Zapolski, 1969: 23 NNLMEP‡ Stigmellaapocynella Gerasimov, 1937: 284 NNLMEP‡ Stigmellaatraphaxidella Dovnar-Zapolski, 1969: 29 NNLMEP‡ Stigmellabetulivora Dovnar-Zapolski, 1969: 32 NNLMEP‡ Stigmellacrataegifolia Dovnar-Zapolski, 1969: 49 NNLMEP‡ Stigmellaloniceraefolia Dovnar-Zapolski, 1969: 67 NNLMEP‡ Stigmellaloniceraevora Dovnar-Zapolski, 1969: 67 NNLMEP‡ Stigmellaprunivora Dovnar-Zapolski, 1969: 90 NNLMWP‡ Stigmellapseudoanomalella Dovnar-Zapolski, 1969: 94 NNLMEP‡ Stigmellaroseifolia Dovnar-Zapolski, 1969: 94 NNLMEP‡ Stigmellaroseivora Dovnar-Zapolski, 1969: 94 NNLMEP‡ Stigmellarosella Dovnar-Zapolski, 1969: 95 NNLMEP‡ OPOSTEGIDAE Meyrick, 1893: 479 FAMILY TG: Opostega Zeller, 1839)Family Opostegides Meyrick, 1893: 479  syn. n.Subfamily Oposteginae Meyrick, 1893 Subfamily Notiopostega Davis, 1989: 30 Notiopostegaatrata Davis, 1989: 32 NEOEosopostega Davis, 1989: 41 Eosopostegaissikii Davis, 1989: 42 EPEosopostegaarmigera Puplesis & Robinson, 1999: 29 ORNeopostega Davis & Stonis, 2007: 34 Neopostegaasymmetra Davis & Stonis, 2007: 37 NEONeopostegadistola Davis & Stonis, 2007: 39 NEONeopostegafalcata Davis & Stonis, 2007: 36 NEONeopostegalongispina Davis & Stonis, 2007: 36 NEONeoposteganigrita Heppner & Davis, 2009: 31 NEONeopostegapetila Davis & Stonis, 2007: 38 NEOParalopostega Davis, 1989: 52 Paralopostegacallosa  Davis, 1989: 72 AUSOpostegacallosa Swezey, 1921: 532Paralopostegadives  Davis, 1989: 72 AUSOpostegadives Walsingham, 1907: 711PageBreakParalopostegafiliforma  Davis, 1989: 72 AUSOpostegafiliforma Swezey, 1921: 534Paralopostegamaculata  Davis, 1989: 72 AUSOpostegamaculata Walsingham, 1907: 711Paralopostegapeleana  Davis, 1989: 73 AUSOpostegapeleana Swezey, 1921: 534Paralopostegaserpentina  Davis, 1989: 73 AUSOpostegaserpentina Swezey, 1921: 533Opostegoides Kozlov, 1985: 54  75Opostegoidesmenthinella  Davis, 1989: 72 WPOpostegamenthinella Mann, 1855: 568Opostegasnelleni Nolcken, 1882: 197 Opostegoidesalbella Sinev, 1990: 102 EPOpostegoidesbicolorella Sinev, 1990: 105 EPOpostegoidesminodensis  Kozlov, 1985: 54 EPOpostegaminodensis Kuroko, 1982: 50, 448Opostegoidesomelkoi Kozlov, 1985: 57 EPOpostegoidespadiensis Sinev, 1990: 105 EPOpostegoidessinevi Kozlov, 1985: 55 EPOpostegoidesargentisoma Puplesis & Robinson, 1999: 22 OROpostegoidesauriptera Puplesis & Robinson, 1999: 28 OROpostegoidescameroni Puplesis & Robinson, 1999: 27 OROpostegoidesepistolaris  Puplesis & Robinson, 1999: 20 OROpostegaepistolaris Meyrick, 1911b: 108Opostegoidesflavimacula Puplesis & Robinson, 1999: 27 OROpostegoidesgorgonea Puplesis & Robinson, 1999: 22 OROpostegoidesindex  Puplesis & Robinson, 1999: 20 OROpostegaindex Meyrick, 1922: 557Opostegoideslongipedicella Puplesis & Robinson, 1999: 26 OROpostegoidesmalaysiensis Davis, 1989: 52 OROpostegoidesnephelozona  Puplesis & Robinson, 1999: 19 OROposteganephelozona Meyrick, 1915b: 352Opostegoidespelorrhoa  Puplesis & Robinson, 1999: 18 OROpostegapelorrhoa Meyrick, 1915b: 352Opostegoidesspinifera Puplesis & Robinson, 1999: 26 OROpostegoidestetroa  Puplesis & Robinson, 1999: 18 OROpostegatetroa Meyrick, 1907: 986Opostegoidesthailandica Puplesis & Robinson, 1999: 23 OROpostegoidesuvida  Puplesis & Robinson, 1999: 19 OROpostegauvida Meyrick, 1915b: 352Opostegoidesgranifera  comb. n.75AFROpostegagranifera Meyrick, 1913: 327PageBreakOpostegoidesmelitardis  comb. n.75AFROpostegamelitardis Meyrick, 1918a: 41Opostegoidespelocrossa  comb. n.75AFROpostegapelocrossa Meyrick, 1928a: 396Opostegoidespraefusca  comb. n.75AFROpostegapraefusca Meyrick, 1913: 327Opostegoidesgephyraea  Davis, 1989: 72 AUSOpostegagephyraea Meyrick, 1880: 176Opostegoidesscioterma  Kozlov, 1985: 55 NEAOpostegascioterma Meyrick, 1920c: 358Opostega Zeller, 1839: 214 : Elachistasalaciella Treitschke, 1833)Opostegacretatella Chrétien, 1915: 364 76WP,EPOpostegarezniki Kozlov, 1985: 51 syn. n.76Opostegakuznetzovi Kozlov, 1985: 53 WP,EPOpostegasalaciella  Zeller, 1939: 214 WPElachistasalaciella Treitschke, 1833: 180Opostegareliquella Zeller, 1848: 282Opostegaspatulella Herrich-Schäffer, 1855a: 360 Opostegabimaculatella N.R. Rothschild, 1912: 29 Opostegacostantiniella Costantini in Turati, 1923: 70 Opostegaangulata Gerasimov, 1930: 45 Opostegastekolnikovi Kozlov, 1985: 53 WPOpostegaafghani Davis, 1989: 62 EPOpostegachalcophylla Meyrick, 1910: 229 OROpostega” (unplaced African species) 77“Opostega” cirrhacma“ Meyrick, 1911a: 237 AFROpostega” diplardis“ Meyrick, 1921b: 123 AFROpostega” radiosa“ Meyrick, 1913: 327 AFROpostega”  77“Opostega” arthrota“ Meyrick, 1915b: 352 AUSOpostega” atypa“ Turner, 1923: 179 AUSOpostega” basilissa“ Meyrick, 1893: 606 AUSOpostega” brithys“ Turner, 1923: 179 AUSOpostega” chalcoplethes“ Turner, 1923: 178 AUSOpostega” chalinias“ Meyrick, 1893: 607 AUSOpostega” chordacta“ Meyrick, 1915b: 351 AUSPageBreakOpostega” diorthota“ Meyrick, 1893: 607 AUSOpostega” horaria“ Meyrick, 1921d: 457 AUSOpostega” luticilia“ Meyrick, 1915b: 351 AUSOpostega” monotypa“ Turner, 1923: 179 AUSOpostega” nubifera“ Turner, 1900: 23 AUSOpostega” orestias“ Meyrick, 1880: 175 AUSOpostega” phaeospila“ Turner, 1923: 179 AUSOpostega” scoliozona“ Meyrick, 1915b: 351 AUSOpostega” stiriella“ Meyrick, 1880: 175 AUSOpostega” xenodoxa“ Meyrick, 1893: 608 AUSPseudopostega Kozlov, 1985: 53 Palearctic speciesPseudopostegaauritella  Davis, 1989: 76 WP,EPTineaauritella Hübner, 1813: Pl. 57: Fig. 387Leucopteraauritella  Hübner, 1825: 426Opostegaauritella  Zeller, 1939: 214Pseudopostegachalcopepla  van Nieukerken, 1996: 27 78WPOpostegachalcopepla Walsingham, 1908b: 228Pseudopostegacyrneochalcopepla Nel & Varenne, 2012: 11 syn. n.78Opostegarosmarinella Staudinger, 1894  NN‡ Pseudopostegacrepusculella  Davis, 1989: 76  Puplesis & Robinson, 1999: 32 OROpostegaepactaea Meyrick, 1907: 985Pseudopostegaeuryntis  Puplesis & Robinson, 1999: 44 OROpostegaeuryntis Meyrick, 1907: 985Pseudopostegafrigida  Puplesis & Robinson, 1999: 32 OROpostegafrigida Meyrick, 1906a: 416Pseudopostegafungina Puplesis & Robinson, 1999: 42 ORPseudopostegaindonesica Puplesis & Robinson, 1999: 41 ORPseudopostegajavae Puplesis & Robinson, 1999: 39 ORPseudopostegamachaerias  Puplesis & Robinson, 1999: 30 OROpostegamachaerias Meyrick, 1907: 986Pseudopostegamyxodes  Puplesis & Robinson, 1999: 34 OROpostegamyxodes Meyrick, 1916a: 619Pseudoposteganepalensis Puplesis & Robinson, 1999: 37 ORPageBreakPseudoposteganigrimaculella Puplesis & Robinson, 1999: 40 ORPseudopostegaparvilineata Puplesis & Robinson, 1999: 31 ORPseudopostegasaturella Puplesis & Robinson, 1999: 38 ORPseudopostegasimilantis Puplesis & Robinson, 1999: 33 ORPseudopostegaspilodes  Puplesis & Robinson, 1999: 45 OROpostegaspilodes Meyrick, 1915b: 351Pseudopostegastrigulata Puplesis & Robinson, 1999: 45 ORPseudopostegasubviolacea  Puplesis & Robinson, 1999: 45 OROpostegasubviolacea Meyrick, 1920c: 357Pseudopostegasumbae Puplesis & Robinson, 1999: 37 ORPseudopostegavelifera  Puplesis & Robinson, 1999: 34 OROpostegavelifera Meyrick, 1920c: 357Pseudopostegazelopa  Puplesis & Robinson, 1999: 43 OROpostegazelopa Meyrick, 1905: 61379African species Pseudopostegaamphimitra  comb. n.79AFROpostegaamphimitra Meyrick, 1913: 328Pseudopostegabellicosa  Davis, 1989: 76 AFROpostegabellicosa Meyrick, 1911a: 236Pseudopostegaclastozona  Davis, 1989: 76 AFROpostegaclastozona Meyrick, 1913: 327Pseudopostegaidiocoma  comb. n.79AFROpostegaidiocoma Meyrick, 1918a: 42Pseudopostegaorophoxantha  comb. n.79AFROpostegaorophoxantha Meyrick, 1921b: 124Pseudopostegaphaeosoma  comb. n.79AFROpostegaphaeosoma : 396Pseudopostegasymbolica  comb. n.79AFROpostegasymbolica Meyrick, 1914: 203Pseudopostegatincta  comb. n.79AFROpostegatincta Meyrick, 1918a: 41Nearctic speciesPseudopostegaacidata  Davis, 1989: 75 NEA,NEOOpostegaacidata Meyrick, 1915a: 240Pseudopostegaalbogaleriella  Davis, 1989: 76 NEAOpostegaalbogaleriella Clemens, 1862: 131Oposteganapaeella Clemens, 1872: 42 Opostegabistrigulella Braun, 1918: 245 Oposteganonstrigella Chambers, 1881: 296 Pseudoposteganapaeella  Davis, 1989: 76Pseudopostegabistrigulella  Davis, 1989: 76Pseudoposteganonstrigella  Davis, 1989: 76PageBreakPseudopostegacretea  Davis, 1989: 76 NEAOpostegacretea Meyrick, 1920c: 358Pseudopostegafloridensis Davis & Stonis, 2007: 57 NEAPseudopostegakempella  Davis, 1989: 76 NEA,NEOOpostegakempella Eyer, 1967: 39Pseudopostegaparakempella Davis & Stonis, 2007: 100 NEA,NEOPseudopostegaquadristrigella  Davis, 1989: 77 NEAOpostegaquadristrigella Chambers, 1875b: 106Opostegaaccessoriella Frey & Boll, 1876: 216 Pseudopostegaaccessoriella  Davis, 1989: 75Pseudopostegatexana Davis & Stonis, 2007: 115 NEAPseudopostegaventicola  Davis, 1989: 77 NEA,NEOOpostegaventicola Walsingham, 1897: 140Neotropic speciesPseudopostegaabrupta  Davis, 1989: 75 NEOOpostegaabrupta Walsingham, 1897: 139Pseudopostegaacrodicra Davis & Stonis, 2007: 122 NEOPseudopostegaacuminata Davis & Stonis, 2007: 89 NEOPseudopostegaadusta  Davis, 1989: 76 NEOOpostegaadusta Walsingham, 1897: 140Pseudopostegaapoclina Davis & Stonis, 2007: 131 NEOPseudopostegalatifurcataapoclina Davis & Stonis, 2007: 131Pseudopostegaapotoma Davis & Stonis, 2007: 65 NEOPseudopostegaattenuata Davis & Stonis, 2007: 76 NEOPseudopostegabeckeri Davis & Stonis, 2007: 136 NEOPseudopostegabicornuta Davis & Stonis, 2007: 138 NEOPseudopostegabidorsalis Davis & Stonis, 2007: 127 NEOPseudopostegabrachybasis Davis & Stonis, 2007: 142 NEOPseudopostegabreviapicula Davis & Stonis, 2007: 85 NEOPseudopostegabrevifurcata Davis & Stonis, 2007: 120 NEOPseudopostegabrevivalva Davis & Stonis, 2007: 121 NEOPseudopostegacaulifurcata Davis & Stonis, 2007: 123 NEOPseudopostegaclavata Davis & Stonis, 2007: 105 NEOPseudopostegacolognatha Davis & Stonis, 2007: 90 NEOPseudopostegaconcava Davis & Stonis, 2007: 119 NEOPseudopostegacongruens  Davis, 1989: 76 NEOOpostegacongruens Walsingham, 1914: 350Pseudopostegaconicula Davis & Stonis, 2007: 78 NEOPseudopostegaconstricta Davis & Stonis, 2007: 141 NEOPseudopostegacontigua Davis & Stonis, 2007: 129 NEOPseudopostegacrassifurcata Davis & Stonis, 2007: 117 NEOPseudopostegacurtarama Davis & Stonis, 2007: 116 NEOPseudopostegadenticulata Davis & Stonis, 2007: 74 NEOPageBreakPseudopostegadidyma Davis & Stonis, 2007: 109 NEOPseudopostegadiskusi Davis & Stonis, 2007: 67 NEOPseudopostegadivaricata Davis & Stonis, 2007: 128 NEOPseudopostegadorsalis Davis & Stonis, 2007: 98 NEOPseudopostegadorsalisdorsalis Davis & Stonis, 2007: 98 NEOPseudopostegaduplicata Davis & Stonis, 2007: 108 NEOPseudopostegaecuadoriana Davis & Stonis, 2007: 134 NEOPseudopostegaelachista  Davis, 1989: 76 NEOOpostegaelachista Walsingham, 1914: 350Pseudopostegafasciata Davis & Stonis, 2007: 99 NEOPseudopostegadorsalisfasciata Davis & Stonis, 2007: 99Pseudopostegaferruginea Davis & Stonis, 2007: 54 NEOPseudopostegafumida Davis & Stonis, 2007: 62 NEOPseudopostegagalapagosae Davis & Stonis, 2007: 93 NEOPseudopostegagracilis Davis & Stonis, 2007: 63 NEOPseudopostegalateriplicata Davis & Stonis, 2007: 59 NEOPseudopostegalatiapicula Davis & Stonis, 2007: 133 NEOPseudopostegalatifurcata Davis & Stonis, 2007: 130 NEOPseudopostegalatifurcatalatifurcata Davis & Stonis, 2007: 130 NEOPseudopostegalatiplana Remeikis & Stonis in NEOPseudopostegalatisaccula Davis & Stonis, 2007: 75 NEOPseudopostegalobata Davis & Stonis, 2007: 104 NEOPseudopostegalongifurcata Davis & Stonis, 2007: 141 NEOPseudopostegalongipedicella Davis & Stonis, 2007: 102 NEOPseudopostegamexicana Remeikis & Stonis in NEOPseudopostegamicroacris Davis & Stonis, 2007: 61 NEOPseudopostegamicrolepta  Davis, 1989: 76 NEOOpostegamicrolepta Meyrick, 1915a: 239Pseudopostegamignonae Davis & Stonis, 2007: 86 NEOPseudopostegamonosperma  Davis, 1989: 76 NEOOpostegamonosperma Meyrick, 1931b: 162Pseudopostegamonstruosa Davis & Stonis, 2007: 68 NEOPseudopostegaobtusa Davis & Stonis, 2007: 91 NEOPseudopostegaovatula Davis & Stonis, 2007: 52 NEOPseudopostegaparaplicatella Davis & Stonis, 2007: 82 NEOPseudopostegaparomias  Davis, 1989: 77 NEOOpostegaparomias Meyrick, 1915a: 240Pseudopostegaperdigna  Davis, 1989: 77 NEOOpostegaperdigna Walsingham, 1914: 349Pseudopostegapexa  Davis, 1989: 77 NEOOpostegapexa Meyrick, 1920c: 358Pseudopostegaplicatella Davis & Stonis, 2007: 82 NEOPseudopostegapontifex  Davis, 1989: 77 NEOOpostegapontifex Meyrick, 1915a: 240PageBreakPseudopostegaprotomochla  Davis, 1989: 77 NEOOpostegaprotomochla Meyrick, 1935: 567Pseudopostegapumila  Davis, 1989: 77 NEOOpostegapumila Walsingham, 1914: 350Pseudopostegaresimafurcata Davis & Stonis, 2007: 124 NEOPseudopostegarobusta Remeikis & Stonis in NEOPseudopostegarotunda Davis & Stonis, 2007: 51 NEOPseudopostegasacculata  Davis, 1989: 77 NEOOpostegasacculata Meyrick, 1915a: 240Pseudopostegasaltatrix  Davis, 1989: 77 NEOOpostegasaltatrix Walsingham, 1897: 140Pseudopostegasectila Davis & Stonis, 2007: 113 NEOPseudopostegaserrata Davis & Stonis, 2007: 52 NEOPseudopostegaspatulata Davis & Stonis, 2007: 70 NEOPseudopostegasublobata Davis & Stonis, 2007: 107 NEOPseudopostegasubtila Davis & Stonis, 2007: 88 NEOPseudopostegasuffuscula Davis & Stonis, 2007: 139 NEOPseudopostegatanygnatha Davis & Stonis, 2007: 90 NEOPseudopostegatenuifurcata Davis & Stonis, 2007: 112 NEOPseudopostegatriangularis Davis & Stonis, 2007: 79 NEOPseudopostegatrinidadensis  Davis, 1989: 77 NEOOpostegatrinidadensis Busck, 1910: 245Pseudopostegatruncata Davis & Stonis, 2007: 67 NEOPseudopostegatucumanae Davis & Stonis, 2007: 64 NEOPseudopostegaturquinoensis Davis & Stonis, 2007: 119 NEOPseudopostegauncinata Davis & Stonis, 2007: 60 NEONepticuloideaTaxa excluded from See further van Nieukerken & Johansson (1987), ARGYRESTHIIDAEFAMILY Argyresthiaabdominalis Zeller, 1839: 205 WPNepticulaabdominalella  Bruand, 1859: 686BUCCULATRICIDAEFAMILY Bucculatrixcristatella  Zeller, 1848: 300 WPLyonetiaconcolorella Tengström, 1848 Nepticulaconcolorella  Heydenreich, 1851: 92Bucculatrixfrangutella  WPElachistarhamnifoliella Treitschke, 1833: 183Opostegarhamnifoliella  Bruand, [1851]: 86Bucculatrixcentrospila  Davis, 1989: 2 AUSPageBreakOpostegacentrospila Turner, 1923: 179COSMOPTERIGIDAEFAMILY Stagmatophoraheydeniella  WPOecophoraheydeniella Fischer von Röslerstamm, 1841: 256Opostegatorquillaepennella Bruand, [1851]: 86 NN ‡ GELECHIIDAEFAMILY Nepticulabelfrageella Chambers, 1875a: 75 80NONEAStigmellabelfrageella  Newton & Wilkinson, 1982: 456 NOGRACILLARIIDAEFAMILY Metriochroalatifoliella  Vári, 1961: 196 WPNepticulalatifoliella Millière, 1886: 220Phyllocnistissaligna  WPTineacerasifoliella Hübner, 1796: pl 28: 190 NO Opostegasaligna Zeller, 1839: 214Opostegasalicifoliella Duponchel, 1844: 377Opostegasalignatella Bruand, [1851]: 86 UEOpostegalugdunensella Bruand, 1859: 691Opostegacerasifoliella  Bruand, 1859: 691Phyllocnistisunipunctella  WPArgyromygesunipunctella Stephens, 1834: 260Opostegasuffusella Zeller, 1847: 894 [type species of Phyllocnistis]Opostegatremulella Fischer von Röslerstamm in Zeller, 1843: 21 NN ‡ Opostegatremulella Heeger, 1852: 278Phyllocnistisargentella  Puplesis & Robinson, 1999: 18 AUSOpostegaargentella Bradley, 1957: 108Phyllonorycterpopulifoliella  WPElachistapopulifoliella Treitschke, 1833: 188Nepticulapilosissimella Bruand, 1859 : 686HELIOZELIDAEFAMILY Heliozelasericiella  WPTineasericiella Haworth, 1828: 585Aechmiasaltatricella Fischer von Röslerstamm, 1841: 249Nepticulasaltatricella  Bruand, 1859: 687Heliozelalithargyrellum  WPTinagmalithargyrellum Zeller, 1850: 158Nepticulalithargyrella  Bruand, 1859: 687LYONETIIDAEFAMILY PageBreakLeucopteramalifoliella  WPElachistamalifoliella O. Costa, 1836: [239] Elachista 3Opostegascitella Zeller, 1839: 214 Leucopterasinuella  WPCemiostomasinuella Reutti, 1853: 208Cerniostomasusinella Herrich-Schäffer, 1855: 342Opostegasusinella  Bruand, 1859: 691Leucopteraspartifoliella  Hübner, 1825: 426 WPTineaspartifoliella Hübner, 1813: 49Opostegaspartifoliella  Zeller, 1839: 214Leucopteraphaeopasta  Davis, 1989: 2 AUSOpostegaphaeopasta Turner, 1923: 180Lyonetiaclerkella  WP,EPPhalaenaclerkella Linnaeus, 1758: 542Opostegamagnimaculella Bruand, 1859: 691 Lyonetialeucoprepes  Davis, 1989: 2 AUSOpostegaleucoprepes Bradley, 1961: 160Petasobathraischnophaea  Davis, 1989: 2 OROpostegaischnophaea Meyrick, 1930: 7TISCHERIIDAEFAMILY Coptotricheangusticollella  Diškus & Puplesis, 2003: 430 WP,EPNepticulasuberoidella Walsingham, 1891: 152 Stigmellasuberoidella  Le Marchand, 1946b: 284UNKNOWNFAMILY Tineaminimella O.G. Costa, 1836: [230] Tinea 18, JH of Tineaminimella [Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775, now Nemophoraminimella (Adelidae) WPNepticulaminimella  Stainton, 1869a: 267Trichoptera, HydroptilidaeUNKNOWN, may be FAMILY Tineacommatella Schrank, 1802: 133 NDWPNepticulacommatella  UNPLACED FOSSILSTineaaraliae Fritsch, 1882: 6 [may be Gracillariidae] WP†Stigmellitesaraliae  Kozlov, 1988: 30Foliofossorcranei Jarzembowski, 1989: 448 WP†Troponomacurvitracta Krassilov, 2008: 101 WP†Troponomafestunata Krassilov, 2008: 102 WP†PageBreak1 The genus Manoneura Davis, 1979 had been synonymised with Enteucha Meyrick, 1915 by Manoneurabasidactyla  clearly groups inside the genus Enteucha , page iv (http://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/31209657)  and non-core Stigmella for the other clade (containing the type species of Astigmella: Stigmellanaturnella). We refrain from recognising different genera, since recognising these clades morphologically is not always possible. Several species groups could not be placed due to lack of molecular information, they are listed at the end of Stigmella.e clades  that are4Stigmellaresplendensella  was placed as species with uncertain affinities due to the lacking abdomen in the lectotype (http://bugguide.net/node/view/391014/bgpage). Barcode and genitalia confirm that Stigmellaresplendensella is closely related to Stigmellaunifasciella , as earlier suggested by MCZ-ENT00014954 , V.T. Chambers, Type14954 [head and abdomen missing].ectotype . We re-e5 We prefer the name prunifoliella group rather than the older “prunetorum group”, since the prunifoliella group contains several North American species, whereas the name “prunetorum group” was based on a single European species only.6 The date of publication of “Die Schmetterlinge Deutschlands und der Schweiz. Zweite Abtheilung. Kleinschmetterlinge. Band 2. Die Motten und Federmotten. Heft 2” has previously often been cited as 1877, the date that also figures on the Title page (https://archive.org/details/dieschmetterlin01heingoog). However, already Kirby concluded in the Zoological Record 13 (published 1878) on page 187: “Band ii, Die Motten ........ . though bearing date 1877, was published not PageBreaklater than November, 1876” , and in many cases it is impossible to determine the identity of these names with the little information provided, but they do provide some interesting records.8Stigmellaulmivora . Nepticulaulmella HS. from Regensburg. This name should be regarded as an unavailable name (nomen nudum), since there is no description nor indication. This name is also a nomen oblitum, never cited again until Stigmellaulmivora. Thus no further action needs to be taken to reverse precedence to avoid rejecting the junior synonym Stigmellaulmivora or junior homonym Nepticulaulmella Braun, 1917 (now Ectoedemiaulmella).9Stigmellamultispicata Rocienė & Stonis, 2014 in the Stigmellamalella group , but in fact the species is in all aspects extremely similar to Stigmellaulmivora, that only can be separated by details in the genitalia. It is therefore moved here, and it is highly likely that it feeds on Ulmus.10Stigmellapalionisi Puplesis, 1984. We synonymise Stigmellanakamurai Kemperman & Wilkinson, 1985 from Japan with Stigmellapalionisi from Russia: Primorye, on the basis of a comparison of descriptions, a male paratype slide of Stigmellanakamurai , but the mines are somewhat different. Material: 1♂, Paratype Stigmellanakamurai, Hokkaido, Sapporo, em. 20.viii.1981, S. Nakamura, Host 0360 Ulmus davidiana v. japonica, slide VU no. 0790 (collection Sapporo).rai Fig. , 42 and enitalia  . We use the junior name for this North American oak mining species, earlier known as Stigmellalatifasciella , because its original combination Nepticulalatifasciella is a junior primary homonym of Nepticulalatifasciella Herrich-Schäffer, 1855, a junior synonym of Stigmellahybnerella .12Stigmellabirgittae Gustafsson, 1985. We place the unavailable name Nepticulaamseli Skala, 1941 as synonym under Stigmellabirgittae. Nepticulaamseli was described from mines from Zizyphusspina-christi in Jericho, Palestine. Stigmellabirgittae is a common and widespread species in the Middle East on this host  confirmed that the identification of Pyrus must be correct, but no mines are kept. Awaiting further information from freshly collected larvae, we keep the species separate, but a synonymy is not excluded.his Figs . It is pStigmellaabaiella, Iran, Teheran, 20.ix.1978, Abai, Pyruscommunis, Genitalia slide EvN4759 (Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Karlsruhe).Material: Holotype ♂ 14Stigmellapaliurella Gerasimov, 1937. Previously the author for this species was given as , because ICZN art. 13.6.2). However, since Gerasimov also describes characters of the larva, the description fulfils the code (article 13.1), despite the brief description  was recorded from China  of which the DNA barcode shows a very short distance (1.11%) to European Stigmellamicrotheriella, still clustering together  .Material: Holotype ♂: , Hikosan, Buzen, 30.vii.1954, H. Kuroko, Host: 17Stigmellanivenburgensis . We here synonymise Stigmellapopulnea Kemperman & Wilkinson, 1985. We found Stigmellanivenburgensis commonly on Salix in South Korea and China and DNA barcodes (BOLD:ACU6572) are rather close to European specimens (BOLD:AAV7002) . Stigmellacaryaefoliella and Stigmellaobscurella  (see note 17) with ostryaefoliella on the basis of the male genitalia. We remove these synonyms here and recognize three good species feeding on different hosts and having quite different DNA barcodes and morphologies. Details to be published elsewhere.20Stigmellamyricafoliella  was described from Florida, Palm Beach, and reared from leafmines on Morellacerifera (as Myricacerifera). We revise the synonymy of Nepticulaobscurella Braun, 1912 as a synonym of Stigmellamyricafoliella, on the basis of the host plant and genitalia. Details to be published elsewhere.21Stigmellaostryaefoliella . Stigmellacaryaefoliella  and Stigmellaobscurella  (see notes 16 and 17) with ostryaefoliella on the basis of the male genitalia. We remove these synonyms here and recognize three good species feeding on different hosts and having quite different DNA barcodes and morphologies. Details to be published elsewhere.22Stigmellapelanodes . The holotype was examined by EvN .Material: Holotype ♂:  PageBreak23Stigmellatropicatella Legrand, 1965 is the only nepticulid species known from the islands in the Indian Ocean off the African continent (Madagascar excluded) as found on the atoll of Aldabra. The holotype, unfortunately, is almost completely destroyed, only a head and part of the thorax remain on the minuten pin. There are several paratypes, three of which EvN examined. Two are males of a Stigmella, the PageBreakthird is a male of an unnamed Acalyptris. Comparing the remains of the holotype and the description, we are convinced that the Stigmella paratypes are the real Stigmellatropicatella, and hence base the identity on these . Further specimens see S1.24Stigmellawollofella . Study of the slides of the holotypes of Nepticulawollofella Gustafsson, 1972  and synonymise Nepticulamandingella. The much better genitalia preparation of Nepticulawollofella was the first criterion and the second one is that the name wollofella has been used again by Zizyphus.972 Figs  and Nept972 Figs , both coNepticulawollofella Gustafsson, Gambia: Gambia river between Bathurst and Basse Santa Su., on riverboat M/S Lady Wright in flash light, 5.xii.1970, B. Gustafsson Genitalia slide 5103 (NHRS). Holotype ♂ Nepticulamandingella Gustafsson, Gambia: Gambia river between Bathurst and Basse Santa Su., on riverboat M/S Lady Wright in flash light, 5.xii.1970, B. Gustafsson Genitalia slide 4874 (NHRS).Material: Holotype ♂ 25Stigmellarosaefoliella . The subspecies Stigmellarosaefoliellapectocatena Wilkinson & Scoble, 1979 is removed as a synonym to Stigmellacentifoliella, see there.26Stigmellaogygia group. Since our studies show that all New Zealand Stigmella species – as far as studied - belong to one monophyletic clade, we group them as the Stigmellaogygia group, based on the widespread and common Stigmellaogygia , which is readily recognizable on host-plant alone .27Stigmellaepicosma group. salicis group because of the similarity in male genitalia. Our phylogeny (Asteraceae feeders) as sister to the salicis group s.str., whereas the only Neotropical Salix feeder Stigmellamolinensis van Nieukerken & Snyers, 2016 is sister to the remaining Holarctic salicis group members. Because of the strong difference in host plant choice, all salicis group members but one feed on Salicaceae, whereas the Neotropic species feed on Asteraceae and various other families, and because of the strong apomorphy of the signa band in the female genitalia for the salicis group, we separate all Neotropic species (apart from molinensis) and place them in their own epicosma group.hylogeny  gives th28Stigmellacostalimai  and Stigmellaguittonae  are tentatively moved to the epicosma group because their host plants belong to Asteraceae, resp. Tessariaintegrifolia Ruiz & Pav. and Seneciobonariensis Hook. & Arn.  H.Hara (Onagraceae) as one of the host plants for Stigmellaguittonae by Bourquin  is most likely an error: just after this description he wrote the description of a Momphid, Psacophoraorfilai, making leafmines on that host. Momphidae frequently feed on Onagraceae.. & Arn.  and so f29 Species described by Klimesch in his paper “Neue Stigmella-Arten ” in the “Zeitschrift der Wiener Entomologischen Gesellschaft vol 31(9–12) PageBreakhave been incorrectly cited by us and others as Klimesch, 1946 (http://www.zobodat.at/pdf/ZOEV_31_0129.pdf) (“Ausgegeben 15.März 1948”).ch, 1946 . However30Stigmellasalicis  forms a complex of species that requires revision: some synonyms may be one of the constituent species, others have to be described as new . Nepticulacentifoliella was first named by Nepticula. Since this was a short message during a meeting, there is no description, and only a vague indication to unspecified earlier papers (“Von einer Art (der Centifoliella) kannten schon de Geer und Goeze die eigenthümlich gebildete Raupe”). We consider this insufficient to make the name available, and thus keep Zeller, 1848, who described the species in detail, as author  .Material: Holotype ♀ 32Stigmellaazaroli  is very similar to Stigmellaperpygmaeella, but the moth is usually much paler. DNA barcodes of Stigmellaperpygmaeella, incognitella and azaroli form a tangled cluster, where Stigmellaperpygmaeella is paraphyletic, and island forms have very different barcodes from continental populations .ons Fig. . In thisNepticulaazaroli: Greece, Rodos, Rodini, 22.ix.1972, mines on Crataegusazarolus, em. 11.x.1972, J. Klimesch, Genitalia slide EvN4235, DNA barcode RMNH.INS.24235 (Zoologische Staatssammlung München).Material: Holotype ♂ 33Stigmellamagdalenae . This species was known as Stigmellanylandriella or Nepticulanylandriella in most literature prior to 34Stigmellanylandriella . Before the type of Lyonetianylandriella was re-examined in the 1970’s, this species was known as Stigmellaaucupariae  and Stigmella or Nepticulanylandriella referred to the species now known as Stigmellamagdalenae . The finding of larvae on Crataegus, Malus and Amelanchier in North America apparently having the same DNA barcode as European Stigmellaoxyacanthella (BOLD:AAF3421) led EvN to re-examine specimens identified as Stigmellapomivorella  in CNC and USNM. All show genitalia inseparable from Stigmellaoxyacanthella, and we thus synonymise Stigmellapomivorella. This leafminer apparently was already introduced in the USA during the 19th century. Details will be published elsewhere.36Stigmellamicromelis Puplesis, 1985. After the finding that Siberian larvae on Crataegus share the barcode with Korean and Japanese larvae found on Ariaalnifolia  (BOLD:ACK9547), and the fact that genitalia of Stigmellamicromelis and Stigmellacrataegivora Puplesis, 1985 are indistinguishable, we synonymise both species here. Since both species were named in the same publication, we here determine as First Reviser (ICZN art 24.2) that Stigmellamicromelis has PageBreakpriority over crataegivora. Photos of the genitalia of the types were given by 37Stigmellaamelanchierella  stat. rev. Stigmellaamelanchierella was described on the basis of leafmines only. Subsequent authors have been unable to rear or to identify the species and Amelanchier, that fit Clemens’ description well. DNA barcodes of these showed two different clusters, both closely related to other members of the oxyacanthella group, such as Stigmellacrataegifoliella, one occurring more west in Colorado and Canada (BOLD:ACG5879), another east in Tennessee, Virginia and Massachusetts (BOLD:ACG8835). We consider it likely that the last group represents the real Stigmellaamelanchierella, since Clemens described it from Pennsylvania. Even though we have not yet studied a single adult, we consider it likely to be a separate species in the Stigmellaoxyacanthella group, of which the identity is based on the DNA barcode.38Stigmellapurpuratella . After study of the holotype slides we synonymise Stigmellascinanella Wilkinson & Scoble, 1979 with Stigmellapurpuratella. Already Stigmellapurpuratella. This difference can easily be explained by the much older age of the purpuratella specimens, but this text did not seem to be supported by the very different drawings of the genitalia of both species in the same paper. After checking the slides it can be concluded that the valvae of Stigmellascinanella were drawn incorrectly, and the drawing of the phallus of Stigmellapurpuratella, which is a reconstruction of a broken phallus, is turned upside down, making the characteristic longer cornuti pointing posteriorly rather than anteriorly, and the phallus tube is an incorrect reconstruction. The species makes leafmines on Crataegus that are inseparable from those of Stigmellacrataegifoliella. Figures will be published elsewhere.Nepticulapurpuratella: (United States), Pennsylvania, Pittsburgh, 30.v.1906, Engel, Genitalia slide CNC3467 P. Newton (USNM).Material: Holotype ♂ Stigmellascinanella: [Canada], Ontario, Normandale, mines 26.vii.1956 on Malus, 56-154, Freeman & Lewis, Genitalia slide MIC7102 (=CNC2972)  .Holotype ♂ 39Stigmellaaurella/ruficapitella cluster. The remaining Stigmella species form a well supported clade in our multi-gene molecular analyses , the Stigmellafloslactella group and the core Stigmellaruficapitella group s.s. Also part of the lemniscella group (formerly marginicolella group) is well supported: viz. Stigmellacontinuella, Stigmellalemniscella + Stigmellazelkoviella, usually with poorer support linked to Stigmellaapicialbella and an unnamed Betula feeding PageBreakNorth American species, but always never with Stigmellagimmonella included (only one specimen sequenced). The other Fagaceae mining species, including the North American Stigmellaprocrastinella and Stigmellaalba almost always form a poorly supported clade together with the core ruficapitella group, which we therefore together classify as the Stigmellaruficapitella group s.l., that is here restricted to Fagaceae feeding species only. Stigmellaspeciosa, lonicerarum and relatives, previously placed with the ruficapitella group, always group outside. A Stigmellasorbi group is never recognised in molecular analyses and even the morphologically similar Stigmellasorbi and Stigmellaplagicolella are never placed close to each other. On the other hand, Stigmellaamygdali, previously placed in a monotypic species group, always groups with moderate support together with Stigmellaplagicolella, forming a Prunus feeding clade. This situation can currently not be easily translated into monophyletic species groups, and apart from the well supported ones, we recognise tentatively a Stigmellaspeciosa group for the non-Fagaceae miners previously placed in the ruficapitella group (or the hemargyrella group) and an enlarged sorbi group, at the moment a kind of waste bin for mainly Rosaceae feeding species, but also including Stigmellahamamelella on Hamamelis. We leave Stigmellazagulaevi from the Caucasus and Stigmellatalassica from the Tyan Shan in the lemniscella group, although we are not convinced that this is the correct placement.analyses , that is40Stigmellamonticulella Puplesis, 1984. We synonymise here Stigmellagracilipae Hirano, 2014 from Japan. Both taxa make linear leafmines on Lonicera¸ occur in East Asia and have inseparable genitalia  from Europe.enitalia . The spe41Stigmellafilipendulae . After Stigmellaulmariae  had earlier been synonymized . Rhododendron feeding species from Russia: Primorye, and here we also add the Japanese Rhododendron feeder to the synonymy: Stigmellasesplicata Kemperman & Wilkinson, 1985. The original description only dealt with females, but meanwhile male genitalia have been described . Stigmellarhododendrifolia Dovnar-Zapolski & Tomilova, 1978 is an unavailable name, based on leafmines from Siberia. Considering the fact that all Rhododendron leafmines belonging to Stigmella from eastern Europe to Japan apparently are all Stigmellalediella, we conclude that this name also belongs here.escribed  and are 43Stigmellalongispina Puplesis, 1994 is here moved to the aurella group on the basis of similarity in its male genitalia as shown in a single studied specimen from Tajikistan (RMNH.INS.15381)  Figs .44Stigmellaspiculifera Kemperman & Wilkinson, 1985. Stigmellaoa Kemperman & Wilkinson, 1985 was described on the basis of a single female from Japan. After PageBreakcarefully comparing descriptions and figures, we can only conclude that it is indistinguishable from the Rubus feeding Stigmellaspiculifera and hence synonymize it here.45Stigmellalurida Puplesis, 1994. On the basis of DNA analysis of one female from Altai, that consistently groups with Stigmellasorbi, we place Stigmellalurida in the Stigmellasorbi group (RMNH.INS.24818).46Stigmellahumboldti Remeikis & Stonis, 2015 was described from a single female reared from Quercushumboldti in Colombia. The authors could not place this species in a known group, due to the spiny signa on the female bursa. Since we see some resemblance with the spiny signa of Stigmellaprocrastinella and Stigmellaalba, both shown to be Quercus feeders as well (DNA barcode data), we place Stigmellahumboldti close to these species.47Stigmellasamiatella . We list here two previously overlooked Herrich-Schäffer names: Nepticulaquercella Herrich-Schäffer, 1863a was merely published as a name in a checklist . This unavailable nomen nudum was synonymised by Nepticulachaoniella Herrich-Schäffer, 1863b was described in a paper on the Lepidoptera of Engadin, in comparison with another new species, Nepticulaalpinella (see note 67). Herrich-Schäffer wrote: “Durch letzteres Merkmal unterscheidet sie sich auf den ersten Blick von der eichenbewohnenden chaoniella m. ” [By the last character it is separated on first sight from the oak feeding chaoniella m[ihi] ]. Like many early authors Herrich-Schäffer mixed several oak mining Stigmella species and separates his chaoniella from male atricapitella or ruficapitella [named by him samiatella], that both show these thicker  scales. From this it is PageBreakclear that chaoniella can only be a synonym of Stigmellasamiatella. Further the name Nepticulachaoniella can be considered a nomen oblitum, we are not aware of any later use of this name.48Bohemanniapulverosella . We synonymise Bohemanniapiotra Puplesis, 1984 from Russia: Primorye, because it is indistinguishable in genitalia from pulverosella, and makes similar mines on Malus as European pulverosella. We expect that the species has a continuous distribution throughout Siberia. In Europe most populations of Bohemanniapulverosella seem to be parthenogenetic without any males, and only a few males are known . The publication year for the original paper has been cited as 1851, 1852 or 1853. Boheman’s paper was published in the volume for the year 1851 that according to the title page was published in 1853. On the title page of the article is printed: “Inlemnad den 6 Mars 1852 , probably causing the incorrect references to 1852. The synonymy of Bucculatrixantispilella Meess, 1907 established by 50Bohemanniamanschurella Puplesis, 1984. We synonymize here Bohemannianipponicella Hirano, 2010 from Japan with Bohemanniamanschurella from Russia: Primorye. Bohemannianipponicella as different in the cornuti, comparing it to the original description of Bohemanniamanschurella, but by comparing the photos of the types of both species  comb. n. The female holotype of TrifurculaoishiellaSinopticulasinicaPrunus. Further, material collected in China and Japan helped to establish that this concerns a single species, with gall making larvae on Prunus. Further details will be published elsewhere.Translation of the original description in Japanese by Matsumura:Prunus, boring into branches, making a gall. In mid-June to late-June in Japan, Honshu”. “Head orange yellow, setae on both sides grey-white. Antenna grey, base of several segments with dark rings. Body and forewing dark brown with a little purple colour ribbon and also with reflection. Scales large, tip of wing spoon-like with long hairscales. Hindwing dark. Legs brown. Hindtibia dorsally with half erect setae. Larvae on Trifurculaoishiella ♀, Japan, Honshu, reared from galls on Prunus, T. Oishi, Genitalia slide EvN2916 .Material: Holotype 52Glaucolepishamirella (Chrétien) and Glaucolepissaturejae (Parenti). The holotype of Glaucolepishamirella is very similar to male Glaucolepissaturejae .Material: Holotype PageBreak53Glaucolepismagna . The recently described Trifurculacollinella Nel, 2012 from France is here synonymised with Glaucolepismagna. The holotype was examined .Material: Holotype 54Glaucolepis: “unassigned to group”. The two Neotropical species placed in Glaucolepis  comb. n. This species was described as Bucculatrix and not recognized as nepticulid, until Zdeno Tókar (Slovakia) identified it as a Trifurcula when studying sketches of Western Palearctic Bucculatrix genitalia made by Gerfried Deschka. Unfortunately the holotype .Material: Holotype ♀, , “169”, “Type”, “Eukitt-Präp. Nr. 1219 G. Deschka, “PageBreakPageBreak56Ectoedemiascobleella Minet, 2004  is here recombined with Fomoria on the basis of examination of the type series .57Fomoriaargyraspis  comb. n. We here tentatively move this species from Acalyptris to Fomoria on the basis of the genitalia and externals that are very similar to a number of Fomoria species and not to any other Acalyptris species.58Fomoriasporadopa  comb. n. This species from Sri Lanka is very difficult to place. EvN studied the holotype, the only known specimen, in 1986 .Material: Holotype ♂,  Ceylon, Trincomali, 8.vi.1907, BF [T. Bainbrigge Fletcher], Genitalia slide BM24103 . Although the holotype of Nepticulatrifasciata Matsumura is badly damaged, the forewing pattern is clearly identical to that of Obrussatigrinella Puplesis, 1985. Since this species is common in Japan, and no other species with the same colour pattern occur there, we can safely conclude there is only one trifasciate Etainia in Japan, hence we synonymise Obrussatigrinella here.Translation of the original description in Japanese by Matsumura:PageBreakdarker. Legs dark grey. Seems to be the smallest moth in Japan. Early September. Hokkaido.” “Body and wing with grey-yellow and white with reflection. Head orange yellow, both sides silvery white. Antenna grey white. Forewing darker with three bands. One near wing base, one in middle and a little one outwards. Third fascia at the apex. Terminal and dorsal cilia grey-yellow white. Costal fringe darker. Hindwing 60Acalyptrisfalkovitshi . We synonymize here Microcalyptrisarenosus Falkovitsh, 1986 and Microcalyptrisvittatus Puplesis, 1984, after earlier Microcalyptristuranicus Puplesis, 1984 was synonymized with Acalyptrisfalkovitshi (ICZN article 24.2) to identify Microcalyptrisfalkovitshi as having priority to the other species that were published in the same paper (vittatus and turanicus). The slight differences given earlier , MCZ-ENT00001302, [United States], Texas, , Chambers, Type 1302, Genitalia slide CNC 3495 .To establish the identities of these old names firmly, we designate lectotypes below for PageBreakTrifurculaobrutella Zeller: Lectotype ♂ (designated here), MCZ-ENT00014248, [United States], Texas, Dallas, Boll, Type 14248, Genitalia slide DRD 2936 . For the data of the other types in this group see 63Ectoedemiainsularis Puplesis, 1985 was described from two specimens from Sakhalin. We transfer the species here to the populella group. In the male genitalia it resembles Ectoedemiaintimella  closely, a species also recorded from east Asia, and even Sakhalin. We compared genitalia of specimens reared from intimella-like leafmines on Salix in South Korea, and also examined light collected adults from Korea and an earlier reported female from Japan . On the base of these findings we consider all East Asian “intimella” as Ectoedemiainsularis and keep both tentatively as separate species. Study of populations and their phylogeography between East Asia and Europe is needed to establish the status of these populations more firmly. BIN’s: Ectoedemiainsularis: BOLD:AAD0468, Ectoedemiaintimella: BOLD:AAD0467.om Japan . The mal64Ectoedemiasinevi Puplesis, 1985. This species is placed in the populella group on the basis of its male genitalia, and DNA barcodes of material that we consider conspecific. This species will be redescribed in a forthcoming paper on Japanese Ectoedemia .65Ectoedemiaturbidella . Ectoedemiasimiligena Puplesis, 1994 was described from a single series from Yalta on the Crimea. Earlier we found the slight differences in genitalia just sufficient to keep it tentatively as a separate species . The 420 basepairs are almost the same as in Western European specimens of Ectoedemiaturbidella, with just 2 basepairs difference, and BOLD classifies the barcode in the same BIN (BOLD:AAD4374). This small difference over a large geographic gap, together with the weak differences observed earlier, prompt us to reverse our earlier opinion, and synonymize Ectoedemiasimiligena with Ectoedemiaturbidella. species . Meanwhi66Ectoedemiaspiraeae Gregor & Povolný & jacutica Puplesis, 1988. Recently, Ectoedemiajacutica Puplesis, 1988 as valid species, after we had synonymised it earlier with Ectoedemiaspiraeae . The situation is comparable PageBreakto that of Ectoedemiainsularis and Ectoedemiaintimella (above) and thus studies of populations between these are needed for more final conclusions. For now we consider specimens from the much more western Altai . The North American Ectoedemiacanadensis  is here synonymised with Ectoedemiaminimella. Details will be published elsewhere.68Ectoedemiaoccultella . This is one of the most widespread Nepticulidae, occurring from westernmost Europe to Japan and throughout northern North America, extending south in the mountain ranges to Colorado and Tennessee. The north American form was described as Ectoedemialindquisti , but we see no reason to treat North American populations differently from Palearctic ones. DNA barcodes: Europe to Mongolia: BOLD:AAD0469; Japan: BOLD:ACU6927; North America: BOLD:AAH4532, distance 2.73%.69Ectoedemiaulmella . We synonymize Ectoedemiaandrella Wilkinson, 1981 on the basis of the description and illustrations of the holotype. The genitalia are indistinguishable, and also the characteristic androconial scales on the hindwing are identical.70Nepticulaalpinella Herrich-Schäffer, 1863b, Nepticulaalticolella Herrich-Schäffer, 1863c and Nepticulareuttiella Herrich-Schäffer, 1863c. These three names were described in a paper dealing with a collecting trip to Engadin, in the Swiss Alps, and are available names. However, they have never appeared again in the literature, apart from ICZN art. 23.9) whenever they are threatening stability of any junior synonyms. Only the name reuttiella was picked up in the cardindex of the London Natural History Museum , but we failed to get any information on the whereabouts of the holotype, and therefore this species is better treated as a Nomen oblitum, until a type turns up.72Nepticulaxuthomitra Meyrick, 1921. Meyrick described this species on the basis of one specimen from Pretoria, that unfortunately is no longer present in TM or BMNH. The description is too vague to identify the species with any certainty, and since it is very well possible that Nepticulaxuthomitra is in fact a senior synonym of one of the currently recognized valid species, it is best regarded as a Nomen oblitum. Once a synonymy is established, it is best to follow up with an action as PageBreakdescribed in ICZN 23.9, if this name threatens the stability of nomenclature of another species.73Nepticulaanguinella Clemens, 1861 and Nepticulaplatea Clemens, 1861. These names were given to larvae in incomplete leafmines on oaks. We think that the description can be best interpreted as Stigmella species, even though Ectoedemia. He did this on the base of the larva having “ten square brown or blackish spots”, indeed a character of several Ectoedemia species. However, we do not know of any oak feeding Ectoedemia in North America with this character, certainly the common Ectoedemiasimilella Braun does not have such plates. Stigmella larvae that feed with the venter upwards, such as those in the saginella group, also show dots: the often conspicuous ganglia. Since North American Stigmella oak mines are all very similar, there is no way to identify these species on the basis of the very short descriptions, and by absence of any reared adults or other type material we think it is better to leave these names as Nomina oblita. If at any time, a synonymy of these species can be established, these names almost certainly have priority to the currently valid names; we therefore strongly advise taxonomists then to reverse priority according to ICZN 23.9, declare these names as Nomen oblitum, and declare the junior synonym as Nomen protectum.74Unplacedunavailablenames. These names are partly copied from Stigmellaatraphaxidella refers to an interesting new host association . The few names that we could identify have been listed under the respective valid names .75Opostegoides. We recombine four South African species, now in Opostega, with this genus after study of genitalia slides of type material, prepared by L. Vári: Opostegoidesgranifera  comb. n.  comb. n.  comb. n.  comb. n.  and uniform colour pattern with a single dorsal dot is striking. Also Opostegarezniki is described from a desert/steppe habitat, in Kazakhstan, 150 km NNE of Almaty, Sarytaukum, flying in mid-May. We consider it very likely that they represent the same species, with a similar distribution as many desert dwelling species, such as Acalyptrispsammophricta .revision  most spe78Pseudopostegachalcopepla . We synonymize Pseudopostegacyrneochalcopepla Nel & Varenne, 2012 on the basis of virtual identical genitalia  show large barcode distances to the mainland populations, but otherwise we find no differences. For now we prefer to keep these all in one variable species, until more is known of these and other island populations. Island populations often have large barcoding gaps to mainland populations, which taken alone is in our opinion not sufficient for species status.lia Figs , 114 andPseudopostegacyrneochalcopepla: 1♂ paratype,  Pertusato, Bonifacio, 24.v.2011, P. Varenne, DNA extracted from 1 leg, RMNH.INS.550071, collection J. Nel (later to be deposited in the Tiroler Landesmuseum Ferdinandeum).Material: 79Pseudopostega (African species). We recombine six South African species, now in Opostega, with this genus after studying genitalia slides of type material, prepared by L. Vári: Pseudopostegaamphimitra  comb. n.  comb. n.  comb. n.  comb. n.  comb. n. and Pseudopostegatincta  comb. n. n. Fig. , Pseudop n. Fig. , 107, Ps n. Fig. , Pseudop n. Fig. , Pseudop80Nepticulabelfrageella Chambers, 1875a. The slide labelled “Type” is not a nepticulid, but belongs to an unidentified Gelechiidae . Also the description most likely does not refer to a nepticulid species, so we exclude it here.Nepticulabelfrageella Cham, #99, #1555, no specimen [note in pencil], TYPE, G.L.[ewis], remounted by PJN.[ewton] (USNM).Material: Genitalia slide ♂ examined, CNC3496,