The Atlantic Forest is considered one of the world's biological diversity hotspots, and is increasingly threatened by the rapid destruction and fragmentation of its natural areas. The caddisflies (Trichoptera) of Itatiaia massif, an Atlantic Forest highland area, are inventoried and cataloged here. The catalog is based on examination of bibliographies, field work on many localities of Itatiaia massif , and the entomological collection Professor José Alfredo Pinheiro Dutra (DZRJ), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. A total of 92 species are recorded, representing about 17% of the known Brazilian Trichoptera fauna. Leptoceridae, Hydropsychidae, and Philopotamidae are the families most represented. The high species richness, as well as the remarkable patterns of species distribution, may be related to the characteristics of Mantiqueira mountain range. Caddisflies (Trichoptera) comprise more than 13,500 extant species described from all faunal regions, arranged in about 610 genera and 47 families . Howeversensu Wallace  and the Brazilian subregion  . de Moor Wallace  is divid Wallace . Chilean Wallace .There are about 2,200 species described from the Neotropical region, where diversity and distribution of Trichoptera are little-known . In BrazThe order Trichoptera is divided into three suborders: Annulipalpia (net-spinning or fixed-retreat makers), Integripalpia (portable-case makers), and Spicipalpia (Hydrobiosidae and Rhyacophylidae (free-living), Glossosomatidae (saddle-case makers), and Hydroptilidae (purse-case makers)) . HoweverImmature caddisflies stages are exclusively aquatic, being important in aquatic assemblages. Larvae are important components of energy flow and nutrient dynamics in freshwater environments . TrichopThe Brazilian Atlantic Forest is among the five most important biodiversity hotspots in the world. Less than 8% of the original forest now remains, and it occurs mostly in isolated topographically remnants scattered throughout a landscape dominated by agricultural uses and urbanization. Despite these disturbances, the Atlantic Forest is still extremely rich in biodiversity, sheltering a significant proportion of the Brazilian fauna and flora with high levels of endemism . The ItaThe Itatiaia massif is situated in Mantiqueira mountain range, an extensive area of highlands in southeastern Brazil. The massif is located on the border of three Brazilian states: Minas Gerais , Rio de Janeiro , and São Paulo .The highlands of Itatiaia massif are a Pre-Cambrian outcrop of metamorphic nephelinesyenite rocks . One of Itatiaia massif has four vegetation types that follow an altitudinal gradient: lower montane forest (from 400 to 499 MASL) montane forest  , upper mThe climate is mesothermic, markedly seasonal, with cold and dry winters and very wet summers (Cwa according Köppen's classification). Mean annual temperature is about 14 °C, with lower temperatures falling below –10 °C during the rigorous winter. Annual rainfall is about 2,400 mm, concentrated in the summer months . At the Itatiaia massif is inserted between the Rio Picu gorge (MG) and Mauá (RJ), having Paraíba do Sul drainage basin on the south (Rio de Janeiro State) and Rio Grande drainage basin on the north (Minas Gerais State). The three main rivers of massif which contribute to the Rio Paraíba do Sul basin are: Rio Preto, that drains the northeastern area; Rio Campo Belo, that flows at southeastern portion; and Rio do Salto, located at southwestern section. Rio Capivari (tributary of Rio Verde) and Rio Aiuruoca (tributary of Rio Turvo) are the main rivers that form Rio Grande basin, on northwestern portion of the massif . Rivers PNI is located on the border between Rio de Janeiro and Minas Gerais states, between 22° 19′ – 22° 45′ S and 44° 15′ – 44° 50′ W. The protected area was established in 1937 and is the oldest national park in Brazil. Currently, PNI comprises an area of 30,000 ha, covering 20% of Itatiaia massif . The parThe catalog of species is based mainly on specimens collected from many localities of the Itatiaia massif between 1990 and 2009. Additional records from previous published articles are also provided here. Sampled area was divided into five major drainage sub-basins : (1) RioLarvae and pupae were collected with Surber and Brundin nets (125 µm and 180 µm mesh), sieves, and manually in several kinds of substrate, in rapids, and pools of rivers and streams. The specimens were preserved in 80% ethanol. Adults were collected with light traps (white sheet and Pennsylvania light trap), which were placed near streams and lightened at dusk, remaining switched on during the night. At daytime the adults were collected in activity with entomological nets and aspirators. The specimens were also preserved in 80% ethanol and few ones were pinned.Immature stages were identified to generical level based on keys by Angrisano , WigginsAlisotrichia Flint, 1964, Metrichia Ross, 1938, Ochrotrichia Mosely, 1934 (Hydroptilidae), Oecetis McLachlan, 1877 (Leptoceridae), CyrnellusGrumichaItauara juliaMortoniella crescentisMortoniella latispinaMacronema partitumAustrotinodes taquaralisPolycentropus inusitatusAtopsyche acahuanaSmicridea iguazuS. radula Flint, 1974 (Hydropsychidae), and Nectopsyche pantostictaPolycentropus rosalysaePolyplectropus annulicornis Ulmer, 1905 and P. hystricosus Chamorro-Lacayo and Holzenthal, 2010 are recorded for the first time from state of Rio de Janeiro. Dumas et al. , Hydropsychidae (16 species), and Philopotamidae (13 species). However, Leptoceridae and Hydropsychidae are represented by five genera each, whereas Philopotamidae is represented by only two genera. The least diverse families were Anomalopsychidae, Atriplectididae, Helicopsychidae, Limnephilidae, and Xiphocentronidae, which were represented by a single species each.A catalog of species from Itatiaia massif with their distribution in the study area is provided below. The catalog is organized alphabetically by family, genus, and species. Each species name is followed by its author, date, and bibliographic citation of publication and page number on which the name was formally established. Information on type locality, holotype depository, and sex of the type are given in square brackets. Citations for any significant publication - redescriptions, description of immature stages, lectotype and neotype designations, checklist, and new distribution records - are also given. Synonyms are listed below the valid species name. Sampling sites where the species were collected in Itatiaia massif are given according to the codes presented in Tables BMNH — The Natural History Museum, London, England, United Kingdom. CASC — California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, California, USA. DEIC — Deutsches Entomologisches Institut, Müncheberg, Germany. DZRJ — Coleção Entomológica Prof. José Alfredo Pinheiro Dutra, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. DZUP — Coleção Entomológica Padre Jesus Santiago Moure, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Paraná, Brazil. ISNB — Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Brussels, Belgium. ISMA — Instituto San Miguel, Buenos Aires, Argentina. MACN — Museo Argentina de Ciencias Naturales, Buenos Aires, Argentina. MCZN — Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. MZBS — Museo de Zoologia, Barcelona, Spain. MZSP — Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. NHMW — Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, Wien, Austria. MLUH — Martin-Luther-Universität, Wissenschaftsbereich Zoologie, Halle an der Salle, Germany. MZPW — Polish Academy of Science, Museum of the Institute of Zoology, Warsaw, Poland. UMSP — University of Minnesota insect collection, Minnesota, USA. USNM — National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC, USA. ZMUH — Universität von Hamburg, Zoologisches Institut und Zoologisches Museum, Hamburg, Germany. ZSMC — Zoologischen Staatssamlung München, Munich, Germany.Contulma tijuca: Sites in Itatiaia massif: CB 07, and PE 01.Distribution: Brazil (RJ).Neoatriplectides desiderata: Neoatriplectides sp.: N. desiderata].Sites in Itatiaia massif: AI 02, AI 04, AI 11, CB 21, and PR 12.Distribution: Brazil .Phylloicus abdominalis: Homoeoplectron] — Phylloicus abdominalis] — Sites in Itatiaia massif: AI 04, CB 11, CB 12, CB 13, CB 15, CB 19, CB 20, CB 21, PE 03, PE 04, PR 02, PR 03, PR 09, PR 12, and PR 14.Distribution: Argentina, and Brazil .Phylloicus angustior:Phylloicus hansoni: Denning, in Denning, Resh and Hogue 1983: 184  — Sites in Itatiaia massif: AI 04.Distribution: Argentina, Brazil , Colombia, Trinidad, and Venezuela.Phylloicus bidigitatus: Sites in Itatiaia massif: AI 06, AI 09, CB 09, and CB 11.Distribution: Brazil .Phylloicus monneorum: Sites in Itatiaia massif: CB 10, and CB 23.Distribution: Brazil (RJ).Austrotinodes prolixus: Sites in Itatiaia massif: PE 01, PE 02, PE 03, PE 04, PE 05, PR 12, and SA 01.Distribution: Brazil .Austrotinodes taquaralis: Sites in Itatiaia massif: Rio de Janeiro, Itatiaia municipality, PNI, Rio Taquaral (22°24′33″S 44°33′08″W) — seeDistribution: Brazil .Itauara julia: Sites in Itatiaia massif: Rio de Janeiro, Itatiaia municipality, PNI, Rio Campo Belo, trail to Véu da Noiva (22°25′42″S 44°37′10″W); PNI, Rio Campo Belo (22°27′02″S 44°36′49″W); PNI, Rio Taquaral (22°27′15″S 44°36′34″W) — seeDistribution: Brazil (RJ).Mortoniella crescentis: Sites in Itatiaia massif: Rio de Janeiro, Itatiaia municipality, PNI, Rio Campo Belo, trail to Véu da Noiva (22°25′42″S 44°37′10″W); PNI, Rio Campo Belo (22°27′02″S 44°36′49″W) — seeDistribution: Brazil (RJ).Mortoniella latispina: Sites in Itatiaia massif: Rio de Janeiro, Itatiaia municipality, PNI, Rio Campo Belo, trail to Véu da Noiva (22°25′42″S 44°37′10″W) — seeDistribution: Brazil (RJ).Mortoniella teutona: Mexitrichia] — M. albolineata] — Mortoniella teutona; in leroda group] — Sites in Itatiaia massif: PE 02, PE 03, PE 04, and PE 05.Distribution: Argentina, Brazil , and Uruguay.Helicopsyche monda: Sites in Itatiaia massif: CB 13, PR 12, and PR 14.Distribution: Argentina, Brazil , and Paraguay.Atopsyche hatunpuna: longipennis group] — Sites in Itatiaia massif: AI 03, and AI 10. Distribution: Brazil .Atopsyche huamachucu: longipennis group] — Sites in Itatiaia massif: CB 02, and CB 05.Distribution: Brazil (RJ).Atopsyche huanapu: longipennis group] — Sites in Itatiaia massif: CB 02, CB 21, PE 04, and PR 12.Distribution: Brazil .Atopsyche huarcu: longipennis group] — Sites in Itatiaia massif: CB 02, CB 13, and PE 04.Distribution: Brazil .Atopsyche sanctipauli: longipennis group] — Sites in Itaiaia massif: PE 01, and PE 05.Distribution: Brazil .Atopsyche zernyi: longipennis group] — Sites in Itatiaia massif: AI 03, CB 07, CB 14, PR 09, PR 10, and SA 04.Distribution: Brazil .Centromacronema auripenne: Macronema] — Centromacronema auripenne] — C. cupreum; venation] — Macronema cupreum: Leptocerus niveistigma: Leptocerus abjurans: Leptocerus quadrifurcata: Centromacronema extensumSites in Itatiaia massif: AI 04, PE 01, PE 03, and PR 06.Distribution: Bolivia, Brazil , Colombia, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, and Venezuela.Leptonema bifurcatodes: Sites in Itatiaia massif: CB 11.Distribution: Brazil (RJ).Leptonema pallidum: Leptonema furcatum: Hydropsyche flagellata: Sites in Itatiaia massif: PE 02, and SA 03.Distribution: Argentina and Brazil .Leptonema tridens: Sites in Itatiaia massif: AI 01, AI 04, AI 10, PR 02, PR 04, PR 08, PR 10, PR 12, and PR 14.Distribution: Brazil , and Paraguay [?].Leptonema viridianum: Leptonema dissimile: Sites in Itatiaia massif: PE 05.Distribution: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil , Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, and Venezuela.Macronema bicolor: Macronema agnathum: Leptonema apicale: Sites in Itatiaia massif: AI 08, and AI 10.Distribution: Brazil .Macronema partitum: Sites in Itatiaia massif: Rio de Janeiro, Barão Homem de Mello [currently Itatiaia municipality] — seeDistribution: Brazil (RJ).Macrostemum hyalinum: Hydropsyche hyalina] — Macronema hyalina] — Macrostemum hyalinum] — Sites in Itatiaia massif: CB 16, and SA 03.Distribution: Brazil , Colombia, Guyana, Peru, and Venezuela.Macrostemum maculatum: Phryganea maculata] — Macronema maculata] — Macrostemum maculatum] — Macronema tuberosum: Sites in Itatiaia massif: AI 08.Distribution: Brazil .Smicridea albosignata: Sites in Itatiaia massif: AI 08, CB 11, CB 09, CB 12, CB 15, PE 01, PE 04, PE 05, PR 14, SA 03, and SA 04.Distribution: Brazil .Smicridea froehlichi: Sites in Itatiaia massif: AI 04, CB 06, CB 07, CB 12, CB 15, CB 21, PR 04, PR 06, PR 07, PR 08, PR 09, PR 10, PR 12, PR 14, PE 01, PE 02, PE 03, PE 04, SA 01, SA 02, SA 03, SA 04, and SA 05.Distribution: Brazil .Smicridea gemina: Sites in Itatiaia massif: AI 04, PR 12, PR 14, SA 03, and SA 04.Distribution: Brazil , Costa Rica, Ecuador, Nicaragua, and Panama.Smicridea jundiai: Sites in Itatiaia massif: PE 02, PE 03, PE 04, PE 05, PR 12, PR 14, and SA 01.Distribution: Brazil .Abtrichia squamosa: Sites in Itatiaia massif: PE 02, and PE 03.Distribution: Brazil .Byrsopteryx abrelata: Sites in Itatiaia massif: SA 04.Distribution: Brazil .Hydroptila argentinica: Sites in Itatiaia massif: PE 02, PE 03, PE 04, PE 05, PR 01, PR 05, PR 06, PR 07, PR 08, PR 09, PR 10, SA 01, SA 02, and SA 03.Distribution: Argentina, Brazil , and Uruguay.Hydroptlia producta: Sites in Itatiaia massif: PE 02, and PE 03.Distribution: Brazil , and Uruguay.Neotrichia dubitans: Dolotrichia?] — Neotrichia dubitans] — Sites in Itatiaia massif: CB 07, PE 01, PE 03, and SA 03.Distribution: Brazil .Oxyethira tica: Sites in Itatiaia massif: PE 03.Distribution: Brazil , Costa Rica, Dominica, Ecuador, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Honduras, Mexico, Panama, St. Lucia, St. Vicent, Trinidad, and Venezuela.Rhyacopsyche bulbosa: Sites in Itatiaia massif: SA 04.Distribution: Brazil .Rhyacopsyche dikrosa: Sites in Itatiaia massif: PE 01, PE 02, PE 03, PE 04, and SA 03.Distribution: Brazil .Rhyacopsyche hagenii: Sites in Itatiaia massif: CB 04, CB 06, CB 07, CB 12, PE 01, PE 02, PE 04, and PE 05.Distribution: Argentina, Brazil , and Uruguay.Grumichella rostrata: seeSites in Itatiaia massif: AI 04, CB 12, PE 02, PE 03, PE 05, PR 12, and PR 14.Distribution: Brazil .Nectopsyche aureovittata: Sites in Itatiaia massif: PR 12, PR 14, SA 01, SA 03, and SA 04.Distribution: Argentina, Brazil , and Paraguay.Nectopsyche bruchi: Leptocella] — Nectopsyche bruchi] — Sites in Itatiaia massif: PE 01.Distribution: Argentina, Brazil , and Paraguay.Nectopsyche fuscomaculata: Sites in Itatiaia massif: CB 12, PE 01, and PE 05.Distribution: Argentina, Brazil , and Paraguay.Nectopsyche muhni: Leptocella] — Nectopsyche muhni] — Leptocella fulvocapilla: etodes pretiosella: Leptocella bridarollia: Sites in Itatiaia massif: CB 06, PE 02, and PR 12.Distribution: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil , Ecuador, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Surinam, and Venezuela.Nectopsyche ortizi: gemma group] — N gemma, nec Sites in Itatiaia massif: AI 04, CB 07, CB 12, PE 02, PE 04, PE 05, and PR 09.Distribution: Argentina, Brazil , Costa Rica, Guyana, Mexico, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Surinam, and Venezuela.Nectopsyche punctata: Leptocella] — Nectopsyche punctata] — Leptocella fenestrata: Leptocella spegazzinia:Leptocella ambitiosa: N. mixta] — Sites in Itatiaia massif: CB 11, PE 03, SA 02, and SA 03.Distribution: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil , Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guyana, Mexico, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Surinam, and Venezuela.Nectopsyche separata: Leptocella] — Nectopsyche separata] — Leptocella graphica: Sites in Itatiaia massif: CB 15, PE 04, PR 04, PR 07, PR 08, PR 09, PR 10, and SA 02.Distribution: Argentina, Brazil , and Paraguay.Neoathripsodes anomalus: Sites in Itatiaia massif: AI 06, AI 08, CB 13, CB 20, PE 05, and SA 03.Distribution: Brazil .Notalina hamiltoni: Sites in Itatiaia massif: AI 04, and PE 04.Distribution: Brazil .Notalina morsei: Sites in Itatiaia massif: CB 06, CB 07, CB 11, CB 12, CB 13, CB 15, PE 01, PE 04, PE 05, PR 09, PR 12, SA 03, and SA 04.Distribution: Brazil .Triplectides gracilis: Mystacides] — Triplectides gracilis] — Mystacides princeps: Tetracentron ramulorus: Sites in Itatiaia massif: AI 04, AI 06, CB 07, CB 08, CB 11, CB 12, CB 13, CB 16, CB 21, PE 01, PE 03, PE 04, PR 03, PR 05, PR 09, PR 10, PR 12, PR 14, SA 03, and SA 05.Distribution: Argentina, Brazil , Paraguay, and Surinam.Triplectides itatiaia: Sites in Itatiaia massif: CB 08, and CB 20.Distribution: Brazil (RJ).Triplectides misionensis: Sites in Itatiaia massif: AI 06, and SA 05.Distribution: Argentina, and Brazil .Triplectides neotropicus: Sites in Itatiaia massif: CB 07.Distribution: Brazil , and Venezuela.Triplectides ultimus: Sites in Itatiaia massif: AI 04, AI 08, AI 09, AI 10, CB 15, PR 03, PR 14, and SA 03.Distribution: Brazil .Antarctoecia brasiliensis: Sites in Itatiaia massif: AI 01, AI 02, and AI 04.Distribution: Brazil (MG).Anastomoneura guahybae: Sites in Itatiaia massif: AI 04, AI 08, AI 09, and AI 11.Distribution: Brazil (MG).Barypenthus concolor: Barypenthus rufipes: Musarna aperiens: Musarna interclusus:Musarna claudens: Barypenthus ferrugineus: Barypenthus chysopus: Sites in Itatiaia massif: CB 11, CB 14, CB 15, CB 17, CB 18, CB 21, PR 03, PR 12, and PR 14.Distribution: Brazil .Marilia aiuruoca:Sites in Itatiaia massif: CB 03, CB 19, AI 04, AI 06, PR 09, PR 12, and PR 14.Distribution: Brazil .Marilia huamantincoae: Sites in Itatiaia massif: PE 01, PE 04, and PR 13.Distribution: Brazil (RJ).Marilia major: Sites in Itatiaia massif: CB 02, AI 04, PR 06, PR 09, PR 10, and PR 12.Distribution: Brazil .Alterosa beckeri: sanctipauli group] — Sites in Itatiaia massif: AI 06, CB 20, and PR 12.Distribution: Brazil .Alterosa escova: marinonii group] —Sites in Itatiaia massif: CB 11.Distribution: Brazil .Alterosa falcata: falcata group] — Dumas et al. 2009: 361 [checklist].Sites in Itatiaia massif: CB 15, CB 21, PE 01, PE 04, PR 12, PR 14, and SA 05.Distribution: Brazil .Alterosa flinti: marinonii group] — Sites in Itatiaia massif: PE 01, PE 02, and PE 04.Distribution: Brazil .Alterosa itatiaiae: sanctipauli group] — Sites in Itatiaia massif: CB 07, CB 08, CB 11, CB 12, CB 20, CB 21, and PE 01.Distribution: Brazil (RJ).Alterosa truncata: sanctipauli group] — Sites in Itatiaia massif: SA 03.Distribution: Brazil .Chimarra beckeri: morio group] — Sites in Itatiaia massif: AI 08, CB 07, CB 08, CB 16, PE 01, PE 02, PE 03, and PE 04.Distribution: Brazil .Chimarra camella: simpliciforma group] — Sites in Itatiaia massif: CB 07, CB 15, PE 01, and PE 04.Distribution: Brazil .Chimarra camura: simpliciforma group] — Sites in Itatiaia massif: CB 07, CB 09, PE 01, PE 02, PE 05, and PR 03.Distribution: Brazil .Chimarra froehlichi: morio group] — Sites in Itatiaia massif: CB 06, CB 07, CB 12, CB 16, CB 19, CB 20, CB 21, and PR 12.Distribution: Brazil .Chimarra kontilos: simpliciforma group] — Sites in Itatiaia massif: CB 11, CB 12, CB 13, CB 15, CB 20, CB 22, PE 01, and PE 02.Distribution: Brazil .Chimarra morio: Chimarrha] —morio group] — Chimarra martinmoselyi: Chimarra moselyiChimarra moselyiSites in Itatiaia massif: PE 01, and PE 05.Distribution: Brazil .Chimarra odonta: Sites in Itatiaia massif: AI 04, CB 12, CB 20, CB 21, PE 01, PE 04, PR 03, and SA 03.Distribution: Brazil .Cernotina puri: Sites in Itatiaia massif: PE 05.Distribution: Brazil (RJ).Nyctiophylax neotropicalis: Sites in Itatiaia massif: CB 06, PE 04, and PR 14.Distribution: Argentina, Brazil , Colombia, Surinam, and Uruguay.Polycentropus fluminensis: Sites in Itatiaia massif: AI 06, and CB 14.Distribution: Brazil .Polycentropus inusitatus: Sites in Itatiaia massif: Minas Gerais, Itamonte, Brejo da Lapa - seeDistribution: Brazil (MG).Polycentropus itatiaia: Sites in Itatiaia massif: PE 01.Distribution: Brazil .Polycentropus rosalyae: Sites in Itatiaia massif: AI 04, and CB 02.Distribution: Brazil .Polycentropus urubici: Sites in Itatiaia massif: AI 04, and AI 08.Distribution: Brazil .Polyplectropus alatespinus: Chamorro-Lacayo and Holzenthal 2010: 52 .Sites in Itatiaia massif: CB 03, and CB 07.Distribution: Brazil .Polyplectropus annulicornis: Ulmer 1905: 91  — annulicornis group].Sites in Itatiaia massif: PE 01, and PE 04.Distribution: Brazil .Polyplectropus brasilensis: Chamorro-Lacayo and Holzenthal 2010: 78 .Sites in Itatiaia massif: CB 07.Distribution: Brazil .Polyplectropus hystricosus: Chamorro-Lacayo and Holzenthal 2010: 60 .Sites in Itatiaia massif: CB 04, PR 12, and PR 14.Distribution: Brazil .Xiphocentron steffeni: Melanotrichia] — Xiphocentron steffeni] — Paprocki, Holzenthal and Blahnik 2004: 16 [checklist] — Sites in Itatiaia massif: AI 04, CB 15, PE 03, and PE 04.Distribution: Brazil .The species records listed below were kindly provided by Dr. Ralph W. Holzenthal and Dr. Roger J. Blahnik, both of University of Minnesota, Minnesota, USA. The specimens are deposited in the University of Minnesota Insect Collection (UMSP), Minessota, USA.Atopsyche acahuana: longipennis group] — Sites in Itatiaia massif: Rio de Janeiro, Itatiaia municipality, PNI, Rio Campo Belo (22°27′02″S 44°36′49″W), 1300 m — UMSP. Distribution: Brazil .Smicridea radula: Sites in Itatiaia massif: Rio de Janeiro, Itatiaia municipality, PNI, Rio Campo Belo (22°27′02″S 44°36′49″W), 1300 m — UMSP. Distribution: Brazil (RJ), Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, and Panama.Smicridea iguazu: Sites in Itatiaia massif: Rio de Janeiro, Itatiaia municipality, PNI, Rio Taquaral (22°27′15″S 44°36′34″W), 1300 m; PNI, Rio Campo Belo (22°27′02″S 44°36′49″W), 1300 m — UMSP.Distribution: Argentina, and Brazil .Nectopsyche pantosticta: Sites in Itatiaia massif: Rio de Janeiro, Itatiaia municipality, PNI, Rio Campo Belo (22°27′02″S 44°36′49″W), 1300 m; PNI, Rio Campo Belo, trail to Véu da Noiva (22°25′42″S 44°37′10″W), 1310 m; PNI, tributary to Rio Taquaral (22°26′41″S 44°36′28″W), 1320m—UMSP.Distribution: Argentina, and Brazil .Itatiaia massif caddisfly fauna represents a significant proportion of Brazilian known fauna. Considering that Brazil has approximately 550 described species , the fauSuch high species richness present in Itatiaia massif may be explained by the singular features of Mantiqueira mountain range. The mountaintops of Mantiqueira present a cold, temperate climate within a tropical zone and a temperate vegetation island surrounded by a tropical rain forest. Besides that, rocky outcrops abruptly raised from surrounding plains (inselbergs) have a strong influence on the distribution and abundance of biodiversity worldwide, being biological hotspots and supporting unique biotic communities. Moreover, these areas are characterized by high levels of endemism . This maFurthermore, 13 species are endemic to Itatiaia massif. This notable mark may reflect the fact that most distributional records of Neotropical caddisflies species are represented by incidental collections, with many species known only from the original site where they were described . HoweverA few conclusive empirical works have focused on the Southern Hemisphere biogeographical patterns . Two cliNeoatriplectidesN. desiderataN. froehlichiAtriplectidesHughscottiella Ulmer, 1910, possess representatives in Australia and the Seychelles Islands, respectively  has three species previously described for southern Chile, what may lead to think in a Temperate Gondwana pattern of distribution. However, the presence of two additional recently described species from Brazilian Amazon basin and Ecuador — N. amazonianaN.ecuadorensisSome interesting patterns of species distribution occur in Itatiaia massif and other areas of Mantiqueira mountain range. Some endemic species encountered do not seem to be related to any other species in South America, being ancient relicts of prerupture Gondwanan fauna . The genectively . TherefoAntarctoecia brasiliensisAntarctoecia Ulmer, 1907 shows a disjunct distribution, with A. nordenskioeldii , described from the Puna de Jujuy (Argentina) in elevations above 4,500 m, and A. brasiliensis, found only at Itatiaia plateau above 1,800 m. Biogeographical affinities have been recognized between the fauna and flora of southeastern Brazilian mountains and the Andean-Patagonian region , the only species within the genus, which larvae share more similarities with the North American genus Nerophilus Banks, 1899 and Namamyia Banks, 1905 (de Moor and Ivanov  propose ks, 1905 .Itatiaia massif is located in the Atlantic Forest biome, which is classified as one of the 25 biodiversity hotspots around the world. However, less than 8% of the original forest of this biome now remains, and it occurs mostly in isolated remnants scattered throughout a landscape dominated by agricultural uses. Despite these disturbances, Atlantic Forest is still extremely rich in biodiversity, sheltering a significant proportion of total national fauna and flora, with high levels of endemism . AlthougThe results of this study, allied with other faunistic and floristic works (Paper copies of this article will be deposited in the following libraries. Universitaetsbibliothek Johann Christian Senckenberg, Frankfurt Germany; National Museum of Natural History, Paris, France; Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, Illinois, USA; University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA; University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA, Smithsonian Institution Libraries, Washington, D.C., USA; The Linnean Society, London, England. The date of publication is given in ‘About the Journal’ on the JIS website.


The third author's name was spelled incorrectly. The correct name is: Ascel Samba-Louaka. The correct citation is: Dortet L, Mostowy S, Samba-Louaka A, Gouin E, Nahori M-A, et al. (2011) Recruitment of the Major Vault Protein by InlK: A Listeria monocytogenes Strategy to Avoid Autophagy. PLoS Pathog 7(8): e1002168. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1002168


There was an error in the fifth author's name.The correct name is: Srdjan DjurovicThe correct citation is: Mellerup E, Andreassen O, Bennike B, Dam H, Djurovic S, et al. (2012) Connection between Genetic and Clinical Data in Bipolar Disorder. PLoS ONE 7(9): e44623. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0044623


There was an error in the fourth author's name. The correct spelling is Kai Hui Hu He. The correct citation is: Fomina-Yadlin D, Kubicek S, Vetere A, Hu He KH, Schreiber SL, et al. (2012) GW8510 Increases Insulin Expression in Pancreatic Alpha Cells through Activation of p53 Transcriptional Activity. PLoS ONE 7(1): e28808. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0028808. The correct author contributions are: Conceived and designed the experiments: DF-Y SK SLS BKW. Performed the experiments: DF-Y SK AV KHHH. Analyzed the data: DF-Y SK AV KHHH. Wrote the paper: DF-Y SK SLS BKW.


The fifth author's first and last names were switched. The correct name is: Andrew Walker. The correct citation is: Williams C, Wilson P, Morrison J, McMahon A, Walker A, et al. (2013) Guided Self-Help Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Depression in Primary Care: A Randomised Controlled Trial. PLoS ONE 8(1): e52735. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0052735The last sentence in the Results section was incorrectly stated. The sentence should read: All recordings examined were rated satisfactory against a brief adherence checklist.


The name of the fourth author was incorrect.The correct name is: Chau-Zen WangThe correct version of the citation is: Wang H-M, Chou Y-T, Wen Z-H, Wang C-Z, Chen C-H, et al. (2013) Novel Biodegradable Porous Scaffold Applied to Skin Regeneration. PLoS ONE 8(6): e56330. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0056330The correct version of the Author Contributions is: Conceived and designed the experiments: HMW YTC ZHW CHC. Performed the experiments: HMW YTC ZHW CHC. Analyzed the data: HMW YTC ZHW CZW CHC MLH. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: HMW YTC ZHW CHC. Wrote the paper: HMW YTC ZHW CZW CHC MLH.


In the Reference section, Reference 5 and 6 should be replaced with the following:http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00293.20125. Bhattacharya I, Pradhan BS, Sarda K, Gautam M, Basu S, et al. (2012) A switch in Sertoli cell responsiveness to FSH may be responsible for robust onset of germ cell differentiation during prepubartal testicular maturation in rats. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 303: E886–898. 6. Majumdar SS, Sarda K, Bhattacharya I, Plant TM (2012) Insufficient androgen and FSH signaling may be responsible for the azoospermia of the infantile primate testes despite exposure to an adult-like hormonal milieu. Hum. Reprod. 27 : 2515–2525


The name of the fourth author was spelled incorrectly. The correct name is: M. Juliana Orejarena. The correct citation is: Mao S-C, Chang C-H, Wu C-C, Orejarena MJ, Manzoni OJ, et al. (2013) Inhibition of Spontaneous Recovery of Fear by mGluR5 after Prolonged Extinction Training. PLoS ONE 8(3): e59580. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0059580.


The name of the fifth author was given incompletely. The correct name is: Salomon M Stemmer. The correct citation is: Amit L, Ben-Aharon I, Vidal L, Leibovici L, Stemmer SM (2013) The Impact of Bevacizumab (Avastin) on Survival in Metastatic Solid Tumors - A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review. PLoS ONE 8(1): e51780. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0051780. The correct abbreviation in Contributions is: SMS.


References 21, 51, 52, and 53 are the incorrect references. The corrected references are as follows:21. Narendra A, Raderschall CA, Robson SKA (2013) Homing abilities of the Australian intertidal ant Polyrhachis sokolova. Journal of Experimental Biology: 216, 3674-3681. doi:10.1242/jeb.08964951. Leggett LMW, Stavenga DG (1981) Diurnal changes in angular sensitivity of crab photoreceptors. Journal of Comparative Physiology 144: 99-109.52. Nässel DR, Waterman TH (1979) Massive diurnally modulated photoreceptor membrane turnover in crab light and dark-adaptation. Journal of Comparative Physiology 131: 205-216.53. Williams DS (1982) Ommatidial structure in relation to turnover of photoreceptor membrane in the locust. Cell and Tissue Research 225: 595-617.


The third author’s name was spelled incorrectly. The correct name is: Robert C. McBride. The correct citation is: Dessau M, Goldhill D, McBride RC, Turner PE, Modis Y (2012) Selective Pressure Causes an RNA Virus to Trade Reproductive Fitness for Increased Structural and Thermal Stability of a Viral Enzyme. PLoS Genet 8(11): e1003102. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1003102